[["1","order","Struthioniformes",null,null,"Struthioniformes",null,null,"Ostriches",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["2","family","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthionidae",null,null,"Ostriches","Ostriches","Ostriches","2026-104","Casuariiformes, Apterygiformes, Rheiformes, Tinamiformes and Struthioniformes are treated as separate orders based on their deep genomic divergences (e.g., Yonezawa et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,"struth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/struth1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3","genus","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthio","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Struthio camelus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 63).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Struthio"],["4","species","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthio molybdophanes","Reichenow, 1883","Mittheilungen des Ornithologischen Vereines in Wien 7, no.8 p.202","Somali Ostrich","Somali Ostrich","Somali Ostrich",null,null,"desert to savanna plains of northeastern Africa, from northern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia southward through far southeastern South Sudan, and southeastern Kenya",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732795","ostric3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ostric3","avibase-40329BB6",null,null,"Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101493#page/462/mode/1up","Struthio molybdophanes"],["5","species","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthio camelus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155","Common Ostrich","Common Ostrich","Common Ostrich",null,null,"desert to savanna plains of sub-Saharan Africa (except northeast), in Sahel zone (rare in west), east through Eritrea, southward to Tanzania, and in southern Africa from southern Angola eastward to northern Zimbabwe and through the Cape region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45020636","ostric2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ostric2","avibase-2247CB05",null,null,"Syria, Arabia, Lybia, Africa. Restricted type locality, North Africa, Rothschild, supra p. 83; further restricted to Sennar, Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 139.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Struthio Camelus"],["6","subspecies","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthio camelus syriacus","Rothschild, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Syrian and Arabian desert; extinct ca. 1966","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-06477478",null,null,"Syrian Desert.","Description of a new subspecies of Ostrich from Syria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/221/mode/1up","Struthio camelus syriacus"],["7","subspecies","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthio camelus camelus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Sahel of North Africa and the Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7F58C33",null,null,"Syria, Arabia, Lybia, Africa. Restricted type locality, North Africa, Rothschild, supra p. 83; further restricted to Sennar, Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 139.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Struthio Camelus"],["8","subspecies","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthio camelus massaicus","Neumann, 1898","Journal für Ornithologie 46, no.2 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya and eastern Tanzania; introduced Australia (south-central South Australia and Riverina, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF8ED7FA",null,null,"Ukamba, Kenya Colony.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104359#page/255/mode/1up","Struthio massaicus"],["9","subspecies","Struthioniformes","Struthionidae","Ostriches","Struthio camelus australis","Gurney, 1868","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.15 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9A8BEDD",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/279/mode/1up","Struthio australis"],["10","order","Casuariiformes",null,null,"Casuariiformes",null,null,"Emu and Cassowaries",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11","family","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Casuariidae",null,null,"Emu and Cassowaries","Cassowaries and Emu","Cassowaries, Emus","2026-104","Casuariiformes, Apterygiformes, Rheiformes, Tinamiformes and Struthioniformes are treated as separate orders based on their deep genomic divergences (e.g., Yonezawa et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,"casuar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casuar1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12","genus","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Dromaius","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Casuarius novaehollandiae [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f76.item","Dromaius"],["13","species","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Dromaius novaehollandiae","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.665","Emu","Emu",null,"2025-0030","Taxa <em>minor </em>and <em>baudinianus </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Dromaius novaehollandiae</em> based on similarity in mitochondrial DNA (Heupink et al. 2011; Thomson et al. 2018; Cibois et al. 2020). Despite the tremendous size difference of <em>minor</em>, the repeated evolution of small size in isolated island populations over short time periods also argues against species status.","grassland to woodland of Australia (except west-central); formerly including Kangaroo and King islands and Tasmania",null,null,null,"emu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emu1","avibase-FD2456D5",null,null,"Novae Hollandiae, restricted to Sydney, NSW (fide Mathews, 1910a, The Birds of Australia 1: 3)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/205/mode/1up","Casuarius N. Hollandiae"],["14","subspecies","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.665",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-112A5157",null,null,"Novae Hollandiae, restricted to Sydney, NSW (fide Mathews, 1910a, The Birds of Australia 1: 3)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/205/mode/1up","Casuarius N. Hollandiae"],["15","subspecies","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Dromaius novaehollandiae diemenensis","Le Souëf, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Tasmania; last recorded 1860s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-27CB32C8",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/39/mode/1up","Dromaeus diemenensis"],["16","subspecies","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Dromaius novaehollandiae minor","Spencer, 1906","The Victorian Naturalist 23(7) p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly King Island (off northwestern Tasmania); extinct, last recorded ca. 1800","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-74DD2EFA",null,null,"King Island, Bass Strait, Australia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95003#page/192/mode/1up","Dromaeus minor"],["17","subspecies","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Dromaius novaehollandiae baudinianus","Parker, 1984","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 104 p.20 [19-22]",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Kangaroo Island (South Australia); extinct, last recorded 1820s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EBDF4EE",null,null,"Kelly's Hill Caves, Kangaroo Island, SA; Recent. Holotype SAMA B6891b, L tarsometatarsus.","The extinct Kangaroo Island Emu, a hitherto-unrecognised species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/48/mode/1up","Dromaius baudinianus"],["18","genus","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Casuarius","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.46;5, p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Struthio casuarius [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Struthio casuarius Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/88/mode/1up","Casuarius"],["19","species","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Casuarius unappendiculatus","Blyth, 1860","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 29, no.1 p.112","Northern Cassowary","Northern Cassowary","Northern Cassowary",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678114","norcas1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norcas1","avibase-32E7303B",null,null,"no locality.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114409#page/130/mode/1up","Casuarius unappendiculatus"],["20","species","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Casuarius casuarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155","Southern Cassowary","Southern Cassowary","Southern Cassowary",null,null,"New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678108","soucas1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soucas1","avibase-8B9D93D8",null,null,"Asia, Sumatra, Moluccas, Banda; Ceram, 'corrected type locality, Rothschild, 1900, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 15, p. 115.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Struthio Casuarius"],["21","species","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Casuarius bennetti","Gould, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.343 p.269 pl.129","Dwarf Cassowary","Dwarf Cassowary","Dwarf Cassowary",null,null,"New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), and New Britain",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678111","dwacas1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwacas1","avibase-7751E0D1",null,null,"New Britain.","On a New Species of Cassowary.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/281/mode/1up","Casuarius Bennetti"],["22","subspecies","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Casuarius bennetti westermanni","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.3 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C369DA29",null,null,"near Munsinam (near Havre Dorey), on the north coast of New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/360/mode/1up","Casuarius westermanni"],["23","subspecies","Casuariiformes","Casuariidae","Emu and Cassowaries","Casuarius bennetti bennetti","Gould, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.343 p.269 pl.129",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (except northwestern) including Yapen, and New Britain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDAF3012",null,null,"New Britain.","On a New Species of Cassowary.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/281/mode/1up","Casuarius Bennetti"],["24","order","Apterygiformes",null,null,"Apterygiformes",null,null,"Kiwis",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25","family","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apterygidae",null,null,"Kiwis","Kiwis","Kiwis","2026-104","Casuariiformes, Apterygiformes, Rheiformes, Tinamiformes and Struthioniformes are treated as separate orders based on their deep genomic divergences (e.g., Yonezawa et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,"aptery1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aptery1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["26","genus","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx","Shaw, 1813","The naturalist's miscellany 24, no.10 pl.1057,1058",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Apteryx australis [Shaw, 1813]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/296719#page/225/mode/1up","Apteryx"],["27","species","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx owenii","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.175 p.94","Little Spotted Kiwi","Little Spotted Kiwi","Little Spotted Kiwi",null,null,"Kapiti, South, and formerly North islands (New Zealand)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678129","liskiw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liskiw1","avibase-187706CF",null,null,"New Zealand. Type probably from Nelson or Marlborough, fide Oliver, 1955, N. Z. Birds, ed. 2, p. 53.","On a new species of Apteryx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/596/mode/1up","Apteryx Owenii"],["28","species","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx maxima","Sclater & von Hochstetter, 1861","The Natural History Review 1, no.IV p.506","Great Spotted Kiwi","Great Spotted Kiwi","Great Spotted Kiwi","2025-N070","Shepherd et al. (2021) show genetically that the syntypes of the Great Spotted Kiwi <em>Apteryx haastii</em> Potts, 1872, are hybrids between the Rowi, <em>A. rowi </em>Tennyson et al., 2003, and Little Spotted Kiwi, <em>A. owenii </em>Gould, 1847. Therefore, Potts' name <em>haastii</em> does not apply to the species known as the Great Spotted Kiwi. The earliest name that does apply to the Great Spotted Kiwi is <em>Apteryx maxima </em>Sclater &amp; von Hochstetter, 1861, an earlier name than <em>haastii</em> which Palma et al. (2003) had designated a <em>nomen oblitum</em> under Art. 23.9 of the Code. The grounds for that designation under that article no longer exist; and as <em>nomina</em> <em>oblita</em> remain available names under the Code's Glossary and there is no other younger name in wide use, Shepherd et al. (2021) returned to <em>maxima</em> Sclater &amp; Hochstetter, 1861 as the name for the Great Spotted. Hence, the correct name for the Great Spotted Kiwi is <em>Apteryx maxima</em>.","montane forest of northwestern South Island (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678132","grskiw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grskiw1","avibase-0D8B9E40",null,null,"South Island, New Zealand",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30158#page/518/mode/1up","Apteryx maxima"],["29","species","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx australis","Shaw, 1813","The naturalist's miscellany 24, no.10 pl.1057,1058","Southern Brown Kiwi","Southern Brown Kiwi","Southern Brown Kiwi",null,null,"southwestern South Island and Stewart Island (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678122","sobkiw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sobkiw1","avibase-6BA55EF0",null,null,"New Zealand. Type from Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/296719#page/225/mode/1up","Apteryx australis"],["30","subspecies","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx australis australis","Shaw, 1813","The naturalist's miscellany 24, no.10 pl.1057,1058",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-542125A3",null,null,"New Zealand. Type from Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/296719#page/225/mode/1up","Apteryx australis"],["31","subspecies","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx australis lawryi","Rothschild, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Stewart Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85AC0A84",null,null,"Stewart Island.","Notes on the Genus Apteryx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/87/mode/1up","Apteryx lawryi"],["32","species","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx rowi","Tennyson, Palma, Robertson et al., 2003","Records of the Auckland Museum 40 p.45-64","Okarito Kiwi","Okarito Brown Kiwi","Okarito Kiwi",null,null,"Okarito Forest (west coast of South Island, New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732871","okbkiw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/okbkiw1","avibase-D433BDAB",null,null,"South Okarito Forest, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand","A new species of kiwi (Aves, Apterygiformes) from Okarito, New Zealand","https://www.jstor.org/stable/42905863","Apteryx rowi"],["33","species","Apterygiformes","Apterygidae","Kiwis","Apteryx mantelli","Bartlett, 1852","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.218 p.275 pl.30 fig.3,4 pl.31 fig.2","North Island Brown Kiwi","North Island Brown Kiwi","North Island Brown Kiwi",null,null,"North Island (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45353580","nibkiw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nibkiw1","avibase-DB55CB8C",null,null,"North Island.","On the Genus Apteryx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/375/mode/1up","Apteryx Mantelli"],["34","order","Rheiformes",null,null,"Rheiformes",null,null,"Rheas",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["35","family","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rheidae",null,null,"Rheas","Rheas","Rheas","2026-104","Casuariiformes, Apterygiformes, Rheiformes, Tinamiformes and Struthioniformes are treated as separate orders based on their deep genomic divergences (e.g., Yonezawa et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,"rheida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rheida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["36","genus","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.46;5, p.8",null,null,null,"2026-052","<em>Rhea pennata</em> is retained in the genus <em>Rhea</em> pending further research. <em>R. pennata</em> is sometimes placed in <em>Pterocnemia</em> based on differences in tarsal scutellation, a small number of osteological characters, deep genetic divergence (Stiller et al. 2024), and a possible sister relationship between <em>R. pennata</em> and the extinct <em>Opisthodactylus</em> (Noriega et al. 2017), which could render the genus <em>Rhea</em> paraphyletic. However, the taxonomic identities and systematic affinities of fossil Rheidae are not fully resolved (Picasso 2016, Medina et al. 2019, Picasso et al. 2022) and estimates of divergence time for <em>R. pennata</em> and <em>R. americana</em> vary widely (Haddrath &amp; Baker 2001, Stiller et al. 2024). Retaining <em>R. pennata</em> in <em>Rhea</em> provides taxonomic stability until a robust hypothesis of generic limits can be established.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Struthio americanus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Struthio americanus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/88/mode/1up","Rhea"],["37","species","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea pennata","d'Orbigny, 1834","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr.2 p.67,note2","Lesser Rhea","Lesser Rhea","Lesser Rhea","2025-0056","Taxon <em>tarapacensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>garleppi</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Rhea pennata</em> based on available evidence. Although reported to differ in breeding plumage and tarsal scutellation, a comprehensive review of phenotypic variation and potential intergradation at the contact zone is required; genetic data would also be informative.","puna and steppe of central Andes from southeastern Peru to northern Chile and Patagonian steppes to southern Chile and southern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678081","lesrhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesrhe2","avibase-590ADF92",null,null,"Patagonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163114#page/79/mode/1up","Rhea pennata"],["38","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea pennata garleppi","(Chubb, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"desert puna of southeastern Peru, southwestern Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B0DE346",null,null,"Esperanza, Bolivia; altitude 4,000 meters.","Exhibition and description of two new forms of Rhea, with a key to the genera and species of Rheas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/117/mode/1up","Pterocnemia tarapacensis garleppi"],["39","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea pennata tarapacensis","(Chubb, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"puna of northern Chile (Arica to Atacama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80BFC272",null,null,"Canchosa, Tarapaca., Chile.","Exhibition and description of two new forms of Rhea, with a key to the genera and species of Rheas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/117/mode/1up","Pterocnemia tarapacensis"],["40","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea pennata pennata","d'Orbigny, 1834","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr.2 p.67,note2",null,null,null,null,null,"steppe of southern Chile (Magallanes) and southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA52A675",null,null,"Patagonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163114#page/79/mode/1up","Rhea pennata"],["41","species","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea americana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155","Greater Rhea","Greater Rhea","Greater Rhea",null,null,"pampas of east-central South America from eastern Bolivia and northeastern Brazil southward to Río Negro (central Argentina)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678073","grerhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grerhe1","avibase-00986B24",null,null,"South America = Sergipe and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Struthio americanus"],["42","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea americana americana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northeastern Brazil (to Rio Grande do Norte) to southern Brazil (southward to São Paulo and Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6A3026E",null,null,"South America = Sergipe and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Struthio americanus"],["43","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea americana intermedia","Rothschild & Chubb, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.2 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01885081",null,null,"Barra San Juan, Colonia, Uruguay.","A new form of Rhea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/243/mode/1up","Rhea americana intermedia"],["44","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea americana nobilis","Brodkorb, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay (east of the Río Paraguay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82106A83",null,null,"40 kilometers west-southwest of Capitan Bado, Paraguay.","Notes on the races of Rhea americana Linnaeus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/160/mode/1up","Rhea americana nobilis"],["45","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea americana araneipes","Brodkorb, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.367 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (southern Rondônia and Mato Grosso), eastern Bolivia, and western Paraguay (Chaco region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C3FA80A",null,null,"200 kilometers west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay.","Five new Birds from the Paraguayan Chaco.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56806","Rhea americana araneipes"],["46","subspecies","Rheiformes","Rheidae","Rheas","Rhea americana albescens","Lynch Arribálzaga & Holmberg, 1878","El Naturalista Argentino 1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"pampas of Argentina southward to Río Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17693009",null,null,"Carhue, Buenos Aires, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/201428#page/105/mode/1up","Rhea albescens"],["47","order","Tinamiformes",null,null,"Tinamiformes",null,null,"Tinamous",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["48","family","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamidae",null,null,"Tinamous","Tinamous","Tinamous","2026-104","Casuariiformes, Apterygiformes, Rheiformes, Tinamiformes and Struthioniformes are treated as separate orders based on their deep genomic divergences (e.g., Yonezawa et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,"tinami1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tinami1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["49","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamotis","Vigors, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tinamotis pentlandii [Vigors, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/93/mode/1up","Tinamotis"],["50","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamotis pentlandii","Vigors, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.79","Puna Tinamou","Puna Tinamou","Puna Tinamou",null,null,"Andes of Peru to northern Bolivia, Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678299","puntin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puntin1","avibase-0A51B426",null,null,"'on a high elevation in the Andes'; probably Bolivia. Type in British Museum (Natural History).","Characters of a new and singular form among the Tinamous (Tinamotis Pentlandii, Vig.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/93/mode/1up","Tinamotis Pentlandi"],["51","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamotis ingoufi","Oustalet, 1890","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.9, no.1 p.18","Patagonian Tinamou","Patagonian Tinamou","Patagonian Tinamou",null,null,"savanna of southwestern Argentina and southern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678302","pattin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pattin1","avibase-EC451D91",null,null,"Vicinity of Santa Cruz.","Description d'un nouveau Tinamou de la Patagonie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103684#page/231/mode/1up","Tinamotis Ingoufi"],["52","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.1, p.1; pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Eudromia elegans [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/77/mode/1up","Eudromia"],["53","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia formosa","(Lillo, 1905)","Revista de Letras y Ciencias Sociales, Tucumán 3 p.72","Quebracho Crested Tinamou","Quebracho Crested-Tinamou","Quebracho Crested Tinamou",null,null,"dry Chaco scrub of southeastern Bolivia and western Paraguay to Santiago del Estero (northwestern Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678294","quctin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/quctin1","avibase-9337459C",null,null,"Type from between Las Cejas and Isca lacu, Tucumán.",null,null,"Calopezus formosus"],["54","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia formosa formosa","(Lillo, 1905)","Revista de Letras y Ciencias Sociales, Tucumán 3 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"arid quebracho woodland of north-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5000816",null,null,"Type from between Las Cejas and Isca lacu, Tucumán.",null,null,"Calopezus formosus"],["55","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia formosa mira","Brodkorb, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.382 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Chaco of Paraguay and (?) possibly adjacent northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A720C340",null,null,"120 kilometers west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay.","A new species of Crested Tinamou from Paraguay.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56821","Eudromia mira"],["56","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.1, p.3","Elegant Crested Tinamou","Elegant Crested-Tinamou","Elegant Crested Tinamou",null,null,"dry scrub of plains of northern Argentina from Salta in the northwest eastward through Buenos Aires province, southward through Patagonia (including southeastern Chile) to Strait of Magellan, southern Santa Cruz province (southern Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678289","elctin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elctin1","avibase-4E215E82",null,null,"mouth of the Rio Negro [Amazonas, Brazil]","EUDROMIE. EUDROMIA. Isid. Geoff..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/79/mode/1up","Eudromia elegans"],["57","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans intermedia","(Dabbene & Lillo, 1913)","Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 24 p.192,194 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Salta to Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-160D5D9F",null,null,"Colalao del Valle, western Tucumán, Argentina.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51062#page/208/mode/1up","Calopezus intermedius"],["58","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans magnistriata","Olrog, 1959","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 5 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Tucumán and northern Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CB9A1ED",null,null,"Pinto, Aguirre, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.","Eudromia formosa (Lillo) y Eudromia elegans Is. Geoffroy.",null,"Eudromia elegans magnistriata"],["59","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans riojana","Olrog, 1959","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 5 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of west-central Argentina (La Rioja and San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6029F6D",null,null,"Guayapa, Estacion Patquia, La Rioja, Argentina.","Eudromia formosa (Lillo) y Eudromia elegans Is. Geoffroy.",null,"Eudromia elegans riojana"],["60","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans albida","(Wetmore, 1921)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 11, no.18 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"dry savanna of western Argentina (San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69B89614",null,null,"San Juan, Argentina.","Three new birds of the family Tinamidae from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18850#page/443/mode/1up","Calopezus elegans albidus"],["61","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans wetmorei","Banks, 1977","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 89 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills in western Argentina (north-central Mendoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6FAA01D",null,null,"Tunuyan, Mendoza, Argentina.","A review of the Crested Tinamous (Aves: Tinamidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107501#page/193/mode/1up","Eudromia elegans wetmorei"],["62","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans numida","Banks, 1977","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 89 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"dry grassland of central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF05A264",null,null,"west of Telen, La Pampa, Argentina, along Route 143 near kilometer marker 287.","A review of the Crested Tinamous (Aves: Tinamidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107501#page/192/mode/1up","Eudromia elegans numida"],["63","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans elegans","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.1, p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"central Argentina (Río Negro and Neuquén)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC480B0E",null,null,"mouth of the Rio Negro [Amazonas, Brazil]","EUDROMIE. EUDROMIA. Isid. Geoff..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/79/mode/1up","Eudromia elegans"],["64","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans multiguttata","Conover, 1950","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"dry grassland of east-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3CDD01B",null,null,"Cambaceres (lat. 36° 35' S., long. 61° 5' W.), Buenos Aires, Argentina.","A study of the Elegant Tinamous.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21247#page/11/mode/1up","Eudromia elegans multiguttata"],["65","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans devia","Conover, 1950","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Argentina at base of Andes (Neuquén)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD75AED9",null,null,"Chos-Malal (lat. 37° 20' S., long. 70° 15' W.), Río Neuquen, Neuquen, Argentina; altitude 2,500 feet.","A study of the Elegant Tinamous.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21247#page/13/mode/1up","Eudromia elegans devia"],["66","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Eudromia elegans patagonica","Conover, 1950","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Argentina (Neuquén to Santa Cruz) and adjacent southern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F452FAF4",null,null,"Estacion Pampa Alta, Ferrocarril Patagonica, Santa Cruz, Argentina; altitude 600 feet.","A study of the Elegant Tinamous.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21247#page/8/mode/1up","Eudromia elegans patagonica"],["67","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Taoniscus","Gloger, 1842","Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte (1841) p.404",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Taoniscus pavoninus [Gloger, 1842]; type by monotypy = Tinamus nanus Temminck, 1815  ",null,null,null,"Taoniscus"],["68","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Taoniscus nanus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.600,753","Dwarf Tinamou","Dwarf Tinamou","Dwarf Tinamou",null,null,"interior southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678286","dwatin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwatin1","avibase-B62C4561",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/614/mode/1up","Tinamus nanus"],["69","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tinamus boraquira [von Spix, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 63).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/339/mode/1up","Nothura"],["70","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura boraquira","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.63, pl.79","White-bellied Nothura","White-bellied Nothura","White-bellied Nothura",null,null,"northeastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia and northeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678283","whbnot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbnot1","avibase-458340C7",null,null,"'in campis petrosis districtus adamantini.' Type from Minas Gerais, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/77/mode/1up","Tinamus boraquira"],["71","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura minor","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.65, pl.82","Lesser Nothura","Lesser Nothura","Lesser Nothura",null,null,"semiarid grassland and scrub of interior southeastern Brazil and east-central Paraguay",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678280","lesnot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesnot1","avibase-99D7964C",null,null,"Tejuco [ = Diamantina, Minas Geraes] Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/79/mode/1up","Tinamus minor"],["72","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura darwinii","Gray, 1867","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.104","Darwin's Nothura","Darwin's Nothura","Darwin's Nothura",null,null,"drier open habitats in Andes of south-central Peru to northern Chile and east of Andes to eastern Chubut (central Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678271","darnot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darnot1","avibase-F7D16275",null,null,"Bahia Blanca, southern Buenos",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/112/mode/1up","Nothura Darwinii"],["73","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura darwinii peruviana","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Peru (Urubamba Valley of Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6153016",null,null,"Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Cuzco, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/121/mode/1up","Nothura maculosa peruviana"],["74","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura darwinii agassizii","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"altiplano of far southeastern Peru and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51F6AD5E",null,null,"Moho, Lake Titicaca, Peru.","A new Tinamou from Lake Titicaca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/135/mode/1up","Nothura agassizii"],["75","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura darwinii boliviana","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.561",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Bolivia (Cochabamba to Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FBAE387",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to Tiraque, Cochabamba, by Conover, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 347",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/583/mode/1up","Nothura boliviana"],["76","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura darwinii salvadorii","Hartert, 1909","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid subtropical western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD226A99",null,null,"Arenal, Salta, Argentina.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/286/mode/1up","Nothura salvadorii"],["77","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura darwinii darwinii","Gray, 1867","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"steppe of south-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D5CFB7A",null,null,"Bahia Blanca, southern Buenos",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/112/mode/1up","Nothura Darwinii"],["78","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.557,748","Spotted Nothura","Spotted Nothura","Spotted Nothura","2025-0103","Taxon <em>chacoensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Nothura maculosa</em> (polytypic) based on similarities in plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations (Hayes et al. 2018), and genetics (Almeida et al. 2022).","grassland and fields in lowlands of northeastern Brazil from Maranhão through far northeastern Brazil and southward through northern Río Negro (central Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154589710","sponot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sponot1","avibase-03C3DDFB",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/571/mode/1up","Tinamus maculosus"],["79","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa cearensis","Naumburg, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.554 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (southern Ceará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08B8801B",null,null,"Lavras, Ceará, Brazil.","Three new birds from northwestern Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4194/","Nothura maculosa cearensis"],["80","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa major","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.64, pl.80",null,null,null,null,null,"interior east-central Brazil (Minas Gerais, Goiás and adjacent Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DD640B2",null,null,"'in campis Minas Geraes, prope pagos Tejuco et Contendas.' Type from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/78/mode/1up","Tinamus major"],["81","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa paludivaga","Conover, 1950","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"central Paraguay and north-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DABCD774",null,null,"7 kilometers southwest of Laguna General Diaz (lat. 22° 15' S., long. 59° 5' W.), Chaco, Paraguay.","A study of the Spotted Tinamous.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21250#page/25/mode/1up","Nothura maculosa paludivaga"],["82","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa maculosa","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.557,748",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A61EE771",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/571/mode/1up","Tinamus maculosus"],["83","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa pallida","Olrog, 1959","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 5 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"moist Chaco grassland of northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FFA2C9A",null,null,"Igusa, Aguaray, Salta, Argentina.","Tres nuevas subespecies de aves Argentinas.",null,"Nothura maculosa pallida"],["84","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa annectens","Conover, 1950","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"moist grassland of eastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8839C125",null,null,"Cambaceres (lat. 36° 35' S., long. 61° 5' W.), Buenos Aires, Argentina.","A study of the Spotted Tinamous.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21250#page/21/mode/1up","Nothura maculosa annectens"],["85","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa submontana","Conover, 1950","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills of southwestern Argentina (Neuquén to Chubut)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03CCFBF5",null,null,"Chos-Malal (lat. 37° 20' S., long. 70° 15' W.), Río Neuquen, Neuquen, Argentina; altitude 2,500 feet.","A study of the Spotted Tinamous.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21250#page/19/mode/1up","Nothura maculosa submontana"],["86","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa nigroguttata","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.560",null,null,null,null,null,"plains of south-central Argentina (Río Negro to southeastern Neuquén)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16A7D460",null,null,"'Central Pampas, Argentine Republic.' Type from Choele-Choel, Río Negro, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/582/mode/1up","Nothura nigroguttata"],["87","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothura maculosa chacoensis","Conover, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of northwestern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD610D77",null,null,"part- Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay.","A new race of the Spotted Tinamou Nothura maculosa from the Paraguayan Chaco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/257/mode/1up","Nothura maculosa chacoensis"],["88","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Rhynchotus","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tinamus rufescens [Temminck, 1815]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/74/mode/1up","Rhynchotus"],["89","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Rhynchotus maculicollis","Gray, 1867","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.102","Huayco Tinamou","Huayco Tinamou","Huayco Tinamou",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733250","huatin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/huatin1","avibase-94AF5DC7",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/110/mode/1up","Rhynchotus maculicollis"],["90","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Rhynchotus rufescens","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.552,747","Red-winged Tinamou","Red-winged Tinamou","Red-winged Tinamou",null,null,"grassland to wooded savanna of lowlands and plateaux of southern Amazonia to central Argentina, from far eastern Peru (Pampas del Heath), northeastward to Maranhão and far northeastern Brazil, southward through La Pampa and southern Buenos Aires province (east-central Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733941","rewtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewtin1","avibase-C141F60A",null,null,"Paraguay, rare in Brazil. São Paulo suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, supra, p. 479, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/566/mode/1up","Tinamus rufescens"],["91","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Rhynchotus rufescens catingae","Reiser, 1905","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 42 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58B631CC",null,null,"Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy, Brazil, type from Palmeirinhas.","Bericht über die ornithologische Ausbeute während der von der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften im Jahre 1903 nach Brasilien entsendeten Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89280#page/368/mode/1up","Rhynchotus rufescens catingae"],["92","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Rhynchotus rufescens pallescens","Kothe, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Argentina (eastern Formosa to Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B35455CC",null,null,"Tornquist, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","[Über einen Rhynchotus aus Argentinien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/184/mode/1up","Rhynchotus pallescens"],["93","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Rhynchotus rufescens rufescens","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.552,747",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BA0D42B",null,null,"Paraguay, rare in Brazil. São Paulo suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, supra, p. 479, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/566/mode/1up","Tinamus rufescens"],["94","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.153,156",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crypturus perdicarius [von Kittlitz, 1830]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Nothoprocta"],["95","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta cinerascens","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.259","Brushland Tinamou","Brushland Tinamou","Brushland Tinamou",null,null,"Chaco dry forest in lowlands and plateaus of southeastern Bolivia to northeastern Río Negro (central Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678262","brutin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brutin1","avibase-4C8BCEC2",null,null,"Tucumán.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/271/mode/1up","Nothura cinerascens"],["96","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta cinerascens cinerascens","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to northwestern Paraguay and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70668A2C",null,null,"Tucumán.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/271/mode/1up","Nothura cinerascens"],["97","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta cinerascens parvimaculata","Olrog, 1959","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 5 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Argentina (eastern La Rioja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-238F8F9D",null,null,"Santa Rosa, Patquia, La Rioja, Argentina.","Tres nuevas subespecies de aves Argentinas.",null,"Nothoprocta cinerascens parvimaculata"],["98","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta curvirostris","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.153,163","Curve-billed Tinamou","Curve-billed Tinamou","Curve-billed Tinamou",null,null,"puna and páramo of high Andes from far southwestern Colombia to central Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678268","cubtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubtin1","avibase-F68CA24D",null,null,"Calacalí and Puellaro, Pichincha, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/175/mode/1up","Nothoprocta curvirostris"],["99","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta curvirostris curvirostris","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.153,163",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from far southwestern Colombia to northern Peru (Cordillera del Condor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4D51A08",null,null,"Calacalí and Puellaro, Pichincha, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/175/mode/1up","Nothoprocta curvirostris"],["100","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta curvirostris peruviana","Taczanowski, 1886","Ornithologie du Pérou 3 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern and central Peru (southward to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F214B5C",null,null,"Cutervo, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49582#page/317/mode/1up","Nothoprocta curvirostris peruviana"],["101","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta ornata","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.102","Ornate Tinamou","Ornate Tinamou","Ornate Tinamou",null,null,"high Andes from north-central Peru through Jujuy and La Rioja (northwestern Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678254","orntin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orntin1","avibase-286A2FBA",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/110/mode/1up","Rhynchotus ornatus"],["102","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta ornata branickii","Taczanowski, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"puna of central Peru (Ancash to Apurímac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-894E0422",null,null,"Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/721/mode/1up","Nothoprocta branickii"],["103","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta ornata ornata","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru to Bolivia and far northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CC6A07B",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/110/mode/1up","Rhynchotus ornatus"],["104","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta ornata rostrata","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and La Rioja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5098207",null,null,"Cumbre de Malamala, Tucumán; altitude 3,300 meters.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/399/mode/1up","Nothoprocta ornata rostrata"],["105","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta taczanowskii","Sclater & Salvin, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.679 pl.84","Taczanowski's Tinamou","Taczanowski's Tinamou","Taczanowski's Tinamou",null,null,"Andes of south-central Peru (Junín to Puno)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678246","tactin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tactin1","avibase-368EC295",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/875/mode/1up","Nothoprocta taczanowskii"],["106","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta perdicaria","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.192[=193] pl.12","Chilean Tinamou","Chilean Tinamou","Chilean Tinamou",null,null,"grassland and cultivation of lowlands to mountains of north-central to south-central Chile; introduced to Easter Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678265","chitin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chitin1","avibase-F900EE88",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Crypturus perdicarius"],["107","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta perdicaria perdicaria","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.192[=193] pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid grassland of north-central Chile (Atacama to Ñuble)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B6F7B16",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Crypturus perdicarius"],["108","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta perdicaria sanborni","Conover, 1924","The Auk 41, no.2 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Chile (Maule to Llanquihue)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7841049",null,null,"Mafil, 20 miles s.e. of Valdivia, prov. of Valdivia, Chile.","A new subspecies of Nothoprocta from Chile.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol41/iss2/12/","Nothoprocta perdicaria sanborni"],["109","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.103","Andean Tinamou","Andean Tinamou","Andean Tinamou",null,null,"scrub of hills to high Andes from south-central Ecuador to Mendoza (north-central Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678259","andtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andtin1","avibase-7A66539A",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/111/mode/1up","Rhynchotus Pentlandii"],["110","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii ambigua","Cory, 1915","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40BB286A",null,null,"Hacienda Llagueda, northeast of Otuzco, La Libertad, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/9/mode/1up","Nothoprocta ambigua"],["111","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii niethammeri","Koepcke, 1968","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 19 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5BD5A9E",null,null,"Lomas of Lachay, about 90 kilometers north of Lima, Peru. 25.07.1960","Die Rassengliederung von Nothoprocta pentlandi (Tinamidae) in Peru mit Beschreibung einer neuen Subspezies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156346#page/251/mode/1up","Nothoprocta pentlandi niethammeri"],["112","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii oustaleti","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1901","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 11 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of central and southern Peru; northern Chilean population may belong here",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-464D617A",null,null,"Coracora, Ayacucho, Peru; altitude 11,500 feet.","Descriptions d'oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central recueillis par le voyageur polonais Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81337#page/229/mode/1up","Nothoprocta oustaleti"],["113","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii fulvescens","Berlepsch, 1902","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Zoologen-Congresses zu Berlin, 12.-16. August 1901 (1901) p.548",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43FD2C8F",null,null,"Urcos, Cuzco, Peru; altitude 3,500 meters.","Mitteilungen über neue und seltene südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101051#page/582/mode/1up","Nothoprocta fulvescens"],["114","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii pentlandii","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (southward to La Rioja and Santiago del Estero, except for western Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3DE7D8F",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/111/mode/1up","Rhynchotus Pentlandii"],["115","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii patriciae","Hoy, 1987","Historia Natural (Mendoza) 7, no.6 p.71-72",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (western Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59E78456",null,null,"Cachi, Salta, Argentina, 6 Aug. 1971","Nothoprocta pentlandii patriciae subsp. nov.",null,"Nothoprocta pentlandii patriciae"],["116","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii mendozae","Banks & Bohl, 1968","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 81 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of west-central Argentina (northern Neuquén and Mendoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D0694E",null,null,"Quebrada de Canota, Mendoza, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107600#page/506/mode/1up","Nothoprocta pentlandii mendozae"],["117","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothoprocta pentlandii doeringi","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Argentina (San Luis and Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5BBB08A",null,null,"Sierra Chica, near Córdoba, Argentina.","Ueber eine Sammlung von Vögeln der Argentinischen Republik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/210/mode/1up","Nothoprocta doeringi"],["118","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.881",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tinamus julius [Bonaparte, 1854]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1895, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 27, p. 509).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/891/mode/1up","Nothocercus"],["119","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus julius","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.663","Tawny-breasted Tinamou","Tawny-breasted Tinamou","Tawny-breasted Tinamou",null,null,"Andes of central Colombia and far western Venezuela; also south-central Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678157","tabtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabtin1","avibase-5FB99321",null,null,"Colombia; restricted to vicinity of Bogotá by Blake, 1955, Fieldiana, Zool., 37, p. 15.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Neuvième et dernière communication. Chanteurs fissirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/673/mode/1up","Tinamus julius"],["120","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus nigrocapillus","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.98","Hooded Tinamou","Hooded Tinamou","Hooded Tinamou",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678160","hootin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hootin1","avibase-68E763AE",null,null,"Chile; error, central Bolivia,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/106/mode/1up","Tinamus nigrocapillus"],["121","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus nigrocapillus cadwaladeri","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB4A088",null,null,"Leimebamba, Amazonas, Peru; altitude 7,000 feet.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Nothocercus nigrocapillus cadwaladeri"],["122","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus nigrocapillus nigrocapillus","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru to Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39F07E52",null,null,"Chile; error, central Bolivia,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/106/mode/1up","Tinamus nigrocapillus"],["123","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus bonapartei","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.97","Highland Tinamou","Highland Tinamou","Highland Tinamou",null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and Panama, and Andes from Venezuela to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678154","higtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/higtin1","avibase-66C31E09",null,null,"valley of Aragua, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/105/mode/1up","Tinamus Bonapartei"],["124","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii","(Lawrence, 1868)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1140648",null,null,"Cervantes, Costa Rica.","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/156/mode/1up","Tinamus frantzii"],["125","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus bonapartei bonapartei","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6075487A",null,null,"valley of Aragua, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/105/mode/1up","Tinamus Bonapartei"],["126","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus bonapartei intercedens","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.513",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35B66A68",null,null,"Frontino, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/535/mode/1up","Nothocercus intercedens"],["127","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus bonapartei discrepans","Friedmann, 1947","Caldasia 4, no.58 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"base of eastern Andes of Colombia (Tolima and Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E3359CD",null,null,"Melgar, Tolima, Colombia. alt. 430 m","Colombian birds collected by Brother Niceforo.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/32787/32781","Nothocercus bonapartei discrepans"],["128","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Nothocercus bonapartei plumbeiceps","Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922","Arkiv för Zoologi 14 no.25 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Ecuador to far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF514517",null,null,"Baeza, road to Napo, eastern Ecuador; altitude 5,500 feet.","A contribution to the ornithology of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30164#page/913/mode/1up","Nothocercus plumbeiceps"],["129","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus","Hermann, 1783","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.164,235",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao major [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Apstein, 1915, Sitzungsber. Gesell. Naturforsch. Freunde., 5, p. 197).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/184/mode/1up","Tinamus"],["130","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.767 n.63","Great Tinamou","Great Tinamou","Great Tinamou",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico through Amazonia and the Guiana Shield",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678148","gretin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gretin1","avibase-42D72AE1",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/268/mode/1up","Tetrao major"],["131","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major robustus","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Exotic ornithology, containing figures and descriptions of new or rare species of American birds Pt6 p.87 pl.xliv",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico to Guatemala and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AD806DF",null,null,"Choctum, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35144#page/399/mode/1up","Tinamus robustus"],["132","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major percautus","Van Tyne, 1935","Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.27 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to Petén of Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AD237C9",null,null,"Uaxactun, Peten, Guatemala.","The Birds of Northern Petén, Guatemala.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56272","Tinamus major percautus"],["133","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major fuscipennis","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nicaragua to Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A81BDB9D",null,null,"Escondido River and San Rafael, Nicaragua; restricted to Escondido River by Peters, 1931, Check-list Birds World, 1, p. 13, note 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/522/mode/1up","Tinamus fuscipennis"],["134","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major brunneiventris","Aldrich, 1937","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 7 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76106A4",null,null,"Paracote, 1 mile south of mouth of Río Angulo, Veraguas, Panama.","The Birds and Mammals of the western slope of the Azuero Peninsula (Republic of Panama).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122692#page/38/mode/1up","Tinamus major brunneiventris"],["135","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major castaneiceps","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.507 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3C81C58",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/529/mode/1up","Tinamus castaneiceps"],["136","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major saturatus","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.150,152",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A52B1633",null,null,"Cana, Darien, eastern Panama.; altitude 2,200 feet.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/236/mode/1up","Tinamus major saturatus"],["137","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major zuliensis","Osgood & Conover, 1922","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.3 p.24-25",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBC0EE56",null,null,"Río Cogollo, District of Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Game Birds from northwestern Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25994#page/16/mode/1up","Tinamus zuliensis"],["138","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major latifrons","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.506",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4FBF135",null,null,"Balzar Mountains, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/528/mode/1up","Tinamus latifrons"],["139","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major major","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.767 n.63",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7381B730",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/268/mode/1up","Tetrao major"],["140","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major serratus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.61, pl.76",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Venezuela and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D96FD12",null,null,"Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/75/mode/1up","Pezus serratus"],["141","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major olivascens","Conover, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E07B26A",null,null,"Tome-assu (=Tomé-Açu), Rio Acará, Pará, Brazil.","A new race of Tinamus major from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/221/mode/1up","Tinamus major olivascens"],["142","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus major peruvianus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia east of the Andes to Bolivia and far western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9FF722C",null,null,"Peru.","Excursion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des ÉCHASSIERS (suite).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/585/mode/1up","Tinamus peruvianus"],["143","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus guttatus","Pelzeln, 1863","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.1126,1128","White-throated Tinamou","White-throated Tinamou","White-throated Tinamou",null,null,"southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678151","whttin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttin1","avibase-0480B7C9",null,null,"Brazil. Borba, fixed as type locality by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 14, 1907, p. 409.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86027#page/1302/mode/1up","Tinamus guttatus"],["144","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus osgoodi","Conover, 1949","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.263","Black Tinamou","Black Tinamou","Black Tinamou",null,null,"Andes of south-central Colombia to southeastern Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678145","blatin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blatin1","avibase-63C5F122",null,null,"Hacienda Cadena, Marcapata Valley, Cuzco, Peru; altitude 1,000 meters.","A new species of Tinamus from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20914#page/7/mode/1up","Tinamus osgoodi"],["145","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus osgoodi hershkovitzi","Blake, 1953","Fieldiana Zoology 34 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of south-central Colombia and northern Ecuador; rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6684BDE",null,null,"San Adolfo, Río Aguas Claras, Acevedo, Huila, Colombia; altitude 1,500 meters.","A Colombian race of Tinamus osgoodi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20817#page/7/mode/1up","Tinamus osgoodi hershkovitzi"],["146","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus osgoodi osgoodi","Conover, 1949","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia; rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-353CEFF9",null,null,"Hacienda Cadena, Marcapata Valley, Cuzco, Peru; altitude 1,000 meters.","A new species of Tinamus from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20914#page/7/mode/1up","Tinamus osgoodi"],["147","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus solitarius","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.105","Solitary Tinamou","Solitary Tinamou","Solitary Tinamou",null,null,"eastern Brazil to southeastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678139","soltin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soltin1","avibase-67E5E0FA",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/115/mode/1up","Cryptura solitaria"],["148","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus tao","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.569,749","Grey Tinamou","Gray Tinamou","Grey Tinamou",null,null,"lowland, hill, and gallery forest of northern South America north of the Amazon River, the east slope of the Andes from northern Colombia to central Peru, and in south-central and southern Amazonia from central Bolivia northeast through western Maranhão (north-central Brazil)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678135","grytin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grytin1","avibase-346D16D5",null,null,"State of Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/583/mode/1up","Tinamus tao"],["149","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus tao larensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-075DEEF5",null,null,"Cerro El Cogollal, Quebrada Arriba, Lara, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/125/mode/1up","Tinamus tao larensis"],["150","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus tao septentrionalis","Brabourne & Chubb, 1913","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.12, no.72 p.578,579",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela and (?) northwestern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5708EE2C",null,null,"Plains of Cumaná, Venezuela.","LXXV. A Synopsis of the Genus Tinamus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71910#page/590/mode/1up","Tinamus tao septentrionalis"],["151","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus tao tao","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.569,749",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil to borders of eastern Peru and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D6AD66",null,null,"State of Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/583/mode/1up","Tinamus tao"],["152","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Tinamus tao kleei","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEC90165",null,null,"Río Chanchamayo and Chunchotambo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/397/mode/1up","Crypturus kleei"],["153","genus","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus","Brabourne & Chubb, 1914","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.14, no.82 p.322 (p.320 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tinamus tataupa [Temminck, 1815]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61720#page/334/mode/1up","Crypturellus"],["154","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus resonans","(Morais, Crozariol, Godoy et al., 2025)","Zootaxa 5725, no.2 p.279-291","Slaty-masked Tinamou","Slaty-masked Tinamou",null,"2026-059","<em>Crypturellus resonans</em> is accepted as a newly-described species based on its highly distinctive plumage and vocalizations following Morais et al. (2025). Known primarily from the Serra do Divisor range of Brazil, a recording of an unknown tinamou on the Peruvian side of the range (audio from 22 August 2005 by Thomas Schulenberg; https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/235615) can now be attributed to this taxon. Although originally described as <em>Tinamus resonans</em> based on Bertelli et al. (2025), we retain the genus name <em>Crypturellus</em> based on prevailing usage. ","Sierra del Divisor, Loreto, Peru, and Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil",null,null,null,"sddtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sddtin1","avibase-23D44844",null,null,"Serra do Divisor, left bank of the Rio Moa, Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil (7°25'46.8\"S / 73°40'08.7\"W, 415 m a.s.l.).","A new species of Tinamus (Aves: Tinamiformes) from the western Amazon, Brazil","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/398245512","Tinamus resonans"],["155","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus berlepschi","(Rothschild, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.5","Berlepsch's Tinamou","Berlepsch's Tinamou","Berlepsch's Tinamou",null,null,"tropical forest of northwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678163","bertin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bertin1","avibase-9B036853",null,null,"Cachabe, 500 feet, northern Ecuador.","[Exhibition of three new species of birds from Northern Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/443/mode/1up","Crypturus berlepschi"],["156","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinereus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.768","Cinereous Tinamou","Cinereous Tinamou","Cinereous Tinamou",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to the Guianas, southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678166","cintin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cintin1","avibase-7C90F8DB",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/269/mode/1up","Tetrao cinereus"],["157","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus ptaritepui","Zimmer & Phelps, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1274 p.1","Tepui Tinamou","Tepui Tinamou","Tepui Tinamou",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Ptari-tepui and Sororopán-tepui)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678172","teptin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/teptin1","avibase-F5F9A63F",null,null,"Cerro Ptari-tepui, southwest slope. Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela; altitude 1,700 meters.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2300/","Crypturellus ptaritepui"],["158","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.588,751","Brown Tinamou","Brown Tinamou","Brown Tinamou",null,null,"humid to dry forest of lowlands and hills of northern and central South America (except northern and central Amazonia), with disjunct populations in northern Venezuela, eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador (where poorly known), through southwestern Amazonia to central Bolivia and northeastward to northern Pará; also eastern Brazil from Bahia southward through eastern Paraguay and far northern Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678176","brotin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brotin1","avibase-D624C373",null,null,"Villarrica, Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/602/mode/1up","Tinamus obsoletus"],["159","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus cerviniventris","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.512",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5897CC3A",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to the vicinity of Caracas by Hellmayr and Conover, 1942, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 1, no. 1, p. 47.","On some Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. James M. Spence.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/626/mode/1up","Crypturus cerviniventris"],["160","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus knoxi","Phelps, 1976","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 32 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E343181",null,null,"35 kilometers south of Cabudare, Lara, Venezuela; altitude 1,500 meters.","Descripción de una raza geográfica de Crypturellus obsoletus (aves: Tinamidae) de los Andes de Venezuela",null,"Crypturellus obsoletus knoxi"],["161","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus castaneus","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-312C8577",null,null,"Colombia, based on a 'Bogotá Skin.'","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/289/mode/1up","Tinamus castaneus"],["162","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus ochraceiventris","(Sztolcman, 1926)","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical central Peru (Huánuco to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-925CC53A",null,null,"La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Crypturus obsoletus ochraceiventris"],["163","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus traylori","Blake, 1961","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Peru (Marcapata Valley of Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BD9C620",null,null,"8 kilometers south of Hacienda Cadena, Marcapata Valley, Cuzco, Peru; altitude 1,400 meters.","A new Peruvian race of Crypturellus obsoletus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21456#page/7/mode/1up","Crypturellus obsoletus traylori"],["164","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus punensis","(Chubb, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Peru and Yungas of northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AA58535",null,null,"Oroya, Puno, Peru.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/56/mode/1up","Crypturus obsoletus punensis"],["165","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus griseiventris","(Salvadori, 1895)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.521",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43DDD67D",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/543/mode/1up","Crypturus griseiventris"],["166","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus hypochraceus","(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1938)","Revista do Museu Paulista 23(1937) p.763",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD61FA15",null,null,"Vilhena and Rio Jamari, Brazil. Rio Jamari, northern Rondônia, is here designated as the restricted type locality.","Notas ornithologicas XIII. Tinamidae.",null,"Crypturornis hynochracea"],["167","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.588,751",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD045F12",null,null,"Villarrica, Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/602/mode/1up","Tinamus obsoletus"],["168","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus parvirostris","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.295","Small-billed Tinamou","Small-billed Tinamou","Small-billed Tinamou",null,null,"patchily distributed in Amazon basin southward to northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678232","smbtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbtin1","avibase-2988DEC6",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/337/mode/1up","Crypturus parvirostris"],["169","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus tataupa","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.590,752","Tataupa Tinamou","Tataupa Tinamou","Tataupa Tinamou",null,null,"forest and edge in lowlands to hills of far southeastern Ecuador on east side of Andes eastward to Maranhão and far northeastern Brazil, and southward to San Luis (northwestern Argentina) and Rio Grande do Sul (far southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678238","tattin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tattin1","avibase-9C7F2C57",null,null,"'Bresil'= Rio de Janeiro, fide Pinto, 1964, Ornitologia Brasiliense, l,p. 10.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/604/mode/1up","Tinamus tataupa"],["170","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus tataupa inops","Bangs & Noble, 1918","The Auk 35, no.4 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"Marañón Valley of northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3190FE46",null,null,"Perico, northwestern Peru.","List of birds collected on the Harvard Peruvian Expedition of 1916.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol35/iss4/6/","Crypturellus tataupa inops"],["171","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus tataupa lepidotus","(Swainson, 1837)","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará, Piauí, Pernambuco and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5DA3D02",null,null,"'in the interior of Bahia'; Orobo, Bahia, suggested by Hellmayr and Conover, 1942, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 1, no. 1, p. 77, note 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/369/mode/1up","Crypturus lepidotus"],["172","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus tataupa peruvianus","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Peru (Chanchamayo Valley of Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-550FC455",null,null,"San Ramon, Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru; altitude about 2,900 feet.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/9/mode/1up","Crypturus tataupa peruviana"],["173","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus tataupa tataupa","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.590,752",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A264B1E6",null,null,"'Bresil'= Rio de Janeiro, fide Pinto, 1964, Ornitologia Brasiliense, l,p. 10.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/604/mode/1up","Tinamus tataupa"],["174","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus variegatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.768","Variegated Tinamou","Variegated Tinamou","Variegated Tinamou",null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678223","vartin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vartin1","avibase-F8BBC7A7",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/269/mode/1up","Tetrao variegatus"],["175","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.165","Little Tinamou","Little Tinamou","Little Tinamou",null,null,"lowlands and hills of southern Mexico through southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678169","littin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/littin1","avibase-39DD9DD7",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/185/mode/1up","Tinamus Soui"],["176","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui meserythrus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.392i",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to Belize, Honduras, and southeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D2770A",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/484/mode/1up","Tinamus meserythrus"],["177","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui modestus","(Cabanis, 1869)","Journal für Ornithologie 17, no.99 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B120939",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa-Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102837#page/224/mode/1up","Crypturus modestus"],["178","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui capnodes","Wetmore, 1963","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 76 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands of northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA10CCED",null,null,"Almirante, Bocas del Toro, Panama.","An additional race of the Pileated Tinamou from Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107599#page/203/mode/1up","Crypturellus soui capnodes"],["179","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui poliocephalus","(Aldrich, 1937)","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 7 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Panama (Veraguas to Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3D3BE82",null,null,"Paracote, east shore Montijo Bay, 1 mile south of mouth of Río Angulo, Veraguas, Panama.","The Birds and Mammals of the western slope of the Azuero Peninsula (Republic of Panama).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122692#page/40/mode/1up","Crypturornis soui poliocephalus"],["180","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui panamensis","(Carriker, 1910)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 6 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific and Caribbean slopes of Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACE6D8D3",null,null,"Loma del Leon, Canal Zone.","An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122994#page/433/mode/1up","Crypturus soui panamensis"],["181","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui mustelinus","(Bangs, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76340C0",null,null,"Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.","Description of seven new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/169/mode/1up","Crypturus soui mustelinus"],["182","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui soui","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D6D5371",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/185/mode/1up","Tinamus Soui"],["183","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui andrei","(Brabourne & Chubb, 1914)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.14, no.82 p.321 (p.319 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Venezuela (Falcón to Monagas) and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E04DA331",null,null,"Trinidad.","XXXVIII. A Key to the Species of the Genus Crypturus, with Descriptions of some new Forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61720#page/333/mode/1up","Crypturus soui andrei"],["184","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui caucae","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Magdalena Valley of north-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EE54FD3",null,null,"San Antonio, Western Andes, Colombia; altitude 6,600 feet.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Crypturus soui caucae"],["185","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui harterti","(Brabourne & Chubb, 1914)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.14, no.82 p.321 (p.319 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46DC857F",null,null,"Vaqueria, northern Ecuador.","XXXVIII. A Key to the Species of the Genus Crypturus, with Descriptions of some new Forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61720#page/333/mode/1up","Crypturus soui harterti"],["186","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui caquetae","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.635",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Meta to Caquetá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFEDB2A2",null,null,"Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia; altitude 675 feet.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Crypturus soui caquetae"],["187","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui nigriceps","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3E42B21",null,null,"upper Río Suno, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Crypturus soui nigriceps"],["188","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui albigularis","(Brabourne & Chubb, 1914)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.14, no.82 p.320 (p.319 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Brazil south of the Amazon River and southward to Rio de Janeiro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84323CBC",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","XXXVIII. A Key to the Species of the Genus Crypturus, with Descriptions of some new Forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61720#page/332/mode/1up","Crypturus soui albigularis"],["189","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus soui inconspicuus","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0391FCC0",null,null,"Susi (near Rurrenabaque), Río Beni, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Crypturellus soui inconspicuus"],["190","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus bartletti","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.311","Bartlett's Tinamou","Bartlett's Tinamou","Bartlett's Tinamou",null,null,"tropical western Amazonian Brazil, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678229","bartin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bartin2","avibase-88B9ABC1",null,null,"Santa Cruz, eastern Peru.","On the Birds of Eastern Peru. With Notes on the Habits of the Birds, by Edward Bartlett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/389/mode/1up","Crypturus bartletti"],["191","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus brevirostris","(Pelzeln, 1863)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.1128,1130","Rusty Tinamou","Rusty Tinamou","Rusty Tinamou",null,null,"disjunctly in humid forest of northwestern Brazil and probably adjacent far eastern Colombia; and the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678226","rustin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rustin1","avibase-45EE168A",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86027#page/1304/mode/1up","Tinamus brevirostris"],["192","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus casiquiare","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.3","Barred Tinamou","Barred Tinamou","Barred Tinamou",null,null,"far eastern Colombia and adjacent southern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678235","bartin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bartin1","avibase-26D1CE28",null,null,"right bank of the Río Casiquiare at its junction with the Río Guainia, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Crypturornis casiquiare"],["193","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus undulatus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.582,751","Undulated Tinamou","Undulated Tinamou","Undulated Tinamou",null,null,"varied lowland forest and moist woodland types of cis-Andean South America from eastern Colombia and Ecuador east through the Guianas to Piauí and Bahia (northeastern Brazil); in south to Chaco Province (north-central Argentina) and São Paulo Province (southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678182","undtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/undtin1","avibase-7A600A0F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/596/mode/1up","Tinamus undulatus"],["194","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus undulatus manapiare","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (upper Río Ventuari in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DF10829",null,null,"San Juan de Manapiare, Río Manapiare, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Nine new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/235/mode/1up","Crypturellus undulatus manapiare"],["195","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus undulatus simplex","(Salvadori, 1895)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.531",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Guyana and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEA40EEF",null,null,"Río Rupununi, Guyana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/553/mode/1up","Crypturus simplex"],["196","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus undulatus yapura","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.62, pl.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Purus, northwestern and southwestern Amazonas, respectively)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BE18F24",null,null,"Yapura and Solimões.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/76/mode/1up","Pezus yapura"],["197","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus undulatus adspersus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.585,751",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-639C311B",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/599/mode/1up","Tinamus adspersus"],["198","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus undulatus vermiculatus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.62, vol.5 pl.369",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Maranhão to Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8775082",null,null,"'Bresil'; type locality probably the region of Franca, northern São Paulo, fide Pinto, 1964, Ornitologia Brasiliense, 1, p. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/263/mode/1up","Tinamus vermiculatus"],["199","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus undulatus undulatus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.582,751",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-026599AE",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/596/mode/1up","Tinamus undulatus"],["200","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus noctivagus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.158 (p.160 in English ed.), note","Yellow-legged Tinamou","Yellow-legged Tinamou","Yellow-legged Tinamou",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Brazil from Piauí to Rio Grande do Sul",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678217","yeltin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeltin1","avibase-7507BE36",null,null,"Muribeca, Rio Itabapuana, Espírito Santo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/176/mode/1up","Tinamus noctivagus"],["201","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus noctivagus zabele","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.62, pl.77",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Brazil (Piauí to Bahia and Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D053169",null,null,"'in limite sylvarum campestrium (Catingha),' Brazil; Oeiras, Piauí, Brazil, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr and Conover, 1942, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 1, no. 1, p. 60.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/76/mode/1up","Pezus zabele"],["202","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.158 (p.160 in English ed.), note",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55A93510",null,null,"Muribeca, Rio Itabapuana, Espírito Santo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/176/mode/1up","Tinamus noctivagus"],["203","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus transfasciatus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.141 pl.13","Pale-browed Tinamou","Pale-browed Tinamou","Pale-browed Tinamou",null,null,"tropical forest of western Ecuador to northwestern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678185","pabtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabtin1","avibase-D303E7FF",null,null,"Santa Rosa, Manabi, Ecuador.","On the Collection of Birds made by Prof. Steere in South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/205/mode/1up","Crypturus transfasciatus"],["204","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.210","Thicket Tinamou","Thicket Tinamou","Thicket Tinamou","2025-0106","Taxon <em>occidentalis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Crypturellus cinnamomeus</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. A more comprehensive review of plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations is required; genetic data would also be informative.","deciduous forest and edge in lowlands and hills from northern Sinaloa to southern Oaxaca in west, and in the east from Nuevo León southward through the Yucatan Peninsula and then south on the Pacific slope to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678179","thitin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thitin1","avibase-AAB5CEED",null,null,"La Union, 'Centre Amérique.' Type from El Salvador.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/220/mode/1up","Tinamus (nothura) cinnamomeus"],["205","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus occidentalis","(Salvadori, 1895)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.546",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (Sinaloa to Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A2D8FB6",null,null,"San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/568/mode/1up","Crypturus occidentalis"],["206","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus mexicanus","(Salvadori, 1895)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Mexico (Tamaulipas to Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FD4A582",null,null,"Monte Verde, Tamaulipas, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/567/mode/1up","Crypturus mexicanus"],["207","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus soconuscensis","Brodkorb, 1939","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.401 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25E39A57",null,null,"Colonia Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico; altitude 30 meters.","New subspecies of Birds from the district of Soconusco, Chiapas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56840","Crypturellus cinnamomeus soconuscensis"],["208","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus vicinior","Conover, 1933","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 46 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51EF417B",null,null,"La Flor, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.","The races of the Tinamou Crypturellus cinnamomeus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107515#page/137/mode/1up","Crypturellus cinnamomeus vicinior"],["209","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus sallaei","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.954",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Puebla to southern Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AD4178C",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Note sur les Tableaux des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/964/mode/1up","Nothocernus sallaei"],["210","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus goldmani","(Nelson, 1901)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to northern Guatemala and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D84DD8",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/187/mode/1up","Crypturus sallaei goldmani"],["211","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to El Salvador and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A72BD095",null,null,"La Union, 'Centre Amérique.' Type from El Salvador.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/220/mode/1up","Tinamus (nothura) cinnamomeus"],["212","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus delattrii","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.663",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03B73459",null,null,"Nicaragua.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Neuvième et dernière communication. Chanteurs fissirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/673/mode/1up","Tinamus delattrii"],["213","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus cinnamomeus praepes","(Bangs & Peters, 1927)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 67, no.15 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE7D5BB0",null,null,"Bolson, Costa Rica.","Birds from the rain forest region of Vera Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21143#page/628/mode/1up","Crypturornis cinnamomeus praepes"],["214","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus atrocapillus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.307","Black-capped Tinamou","Black-capped Tinamou","Black-capped Tinamou",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Peru from Ayacucho south and Acre (western Brazil) to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678220","blctin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctin1","avibase-41631439",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/315/mode/1up","Crypturus atro-capillus"],["215","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus atrocapillus atrocapillus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Peru (central Ucayali southward to Puno) and southwestern Brazil (Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02FB4A6D",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/315/mode/1up","Crypturus atro-capillus"],["216","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus atrocapillus garleppi","(Berlepsch, 1892)","Bericht über die 17. Jahresversammlung der Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft 1892 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62ED802E",null,null,"Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.","[Neue südamerikanische Vogelarten].",null,"Crypturus garleppi"],["217","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus strigulosus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.594,752","Brazilian Tinamou","Brazilian Tinamou","Brazilian Tinamou",null,null,"tropical southern Amazonian Brazil, adjacent eastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678188","bratin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bratin1","avibase-FE2B5A6B",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/608/mode/1up","Tinamus strigulosus"],["218","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus duidae","Zimmer, 1938","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51 p.48","Grey-legged Tinamou","Gray-legged Tinamou","Grey-legged Tinamou",null,null,"tropical forest of east-central Colombia to southern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678213","gyltin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyltin1","avibase-D2592D39",null,null,"Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","A new form of Crypturellus noctivagus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/70/mode/1up","Crypturellus noctivagus duidae"],["219","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus","(Pelzeln, 1863)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.1127,1129","Red-legged Tinamou","Red-legged Tinamou","Red-legged Tinamou",null,null,"woodland and scrub of lowlands and hills of northern South America north of the Amazon River, from north-central Colombia through northern Venezuela to Amapá (northern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729569","reltin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reltin1","avibase-4E03F38D",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86027#page/1303/mode/1up","Tinamus erythropus"],["220","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus cursitans","Wetmore & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (western Arauca and far northern Boyacá) and northwestern Venezuela (southwestern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17425DF6",null,null,"San Luis (near Burgua), Táchira, Venezuela.","Further additions to the list of birds of Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/235/mode/1up","Crypturellus noctivagus cursitans"],["221","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus idoneus","(Todd, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Atlántico eastward to Guajira and Sierra de Perijá) to far northwestern Venezuela (western Zulia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B657197",null,null,"Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/143/mode/1up","Crypturus idoneus"],["222","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus columbianus","(Salvadori, 1895)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical north-central Colombia (Córdoba, northern Bolívar, and northern Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B91D80F1",null,null,"Nechi, Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/567/mode/1up","Crypturus columbianus"],["223","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus saltuarius","Wetmore, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sierra de Ocaña, in Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C66A698C",null,null,"Ayacucho, 25 kilometers east of La Gloria, Magdalena, Colombia; altitude 500 feet.","Additional forms of birds from the republics of Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/407/mode/1up","Crypturellus saltuarius"],["224","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus spencei","(Brabourne & Chubb, 1914)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.14, no.82 p.322 (p.320 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela (central Falcón eastward to central Anzoátegui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9181890F",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Caracas, Venezuela, by Chubb, 1917, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 38, p. 29.","XXXVIII. A Key to the Species of the Genus Crypturus, with Descriptions of some new Forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61720#page/334/mode/1up","Crypturus cinnamomeus spencei"],["225","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus margaritae","Phelps & Phelps, 1948","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 11(1947) p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C0007FF",null,null,"Cerro El Copey, Margarita Island, Venezuela.","Descripción de seis aves nuevas de Venezuela y notas sobre veinticuatro adiciones a la avifauna del Brazil.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-seis-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-notas-sobre-veinticuatro-adiciones-a-la-avifauna-del-brasil/","Crypturellus noctivagus margaritae"],["226","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus erythropus erythropus","(Pelzeln, 1863)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.1127,1129",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Sucre, Monagas, and northeastern Bolívar) to northeastern Brazil (north of Amazon, from Rio Branco and Rio Negro eastward to Amapá), Guyana, and Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03C5D079",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86027#page/1303/mode/1up","Tinamus erythropus"],["227","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus kerriae","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.636","Choco Tinamou","Choco Tinamou","Choco Tinamou",null,null,"humid foothills of far southeastern Panama and northwestern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678194","chotin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chotin1","avibase-2ED97B54",null,null,"Baudo, Chocó, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Crypturus kerriae"],["228","species","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus boucardi","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.391,392","Slaty-breasted Tinamou","Slaty-breasted Tinamou","Slaty-breasted Tinamou",null,null,"lowland and hill forest of Caribbean slope from southern Mexico from central Veracruz eastward to southeastern Costa Rica",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678191","slbtin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbtin1","avibase-5183B60E",null,null,"Playa Vicente and Teotalcingo, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/483/mode/1up","Tinamus boucardi"],["229","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus boucardi boucardi","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.391,392",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Mexico to northwestern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-334E97C3",null,null,"Playa Vicente and Teotalcingo, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/483/mode/1up","Tinamus boucardi"],["230","subspecies","Tinamiformes","Tinamidae","Tinamous","Crypturellus boucardi costaricensis","(Dwight & Griscom, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.142 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Honduras to northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F370A4EC",null,null,"Miravalles, Costa Rica; altitude 1,500 feet.","Descriptions of new birds from Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4377/","Crypturus boucardi costaricensis"],["231","order","Anseriformes",null,null,"Anseriformes",null,null,"Waterfowl and Screamers",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["232","family","Anseriformes","Anhimidae","Screamers","Anhimidae",null,null,"Screamers","Screamers","Screamers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"anhimi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anhimi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["233","genus","Anseriformes","Anhimidae","Screamers","Anhima","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.518",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Palamedea cornuta [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Palamedea cornuta Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Anhima"],["234","species","Anseriformes","Anhimidae","Screamers","Anhima cornuta","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.232","Horned Screamer","Horned Screamer","Horned Screamer",null,null,"lowlands of Venezuela to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679723","horscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horscr1","avibase-71BA40DC",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/236/mode/1up","Palamedea cornuta"],["235","genus","Anseriformes","Anhimidae","Screamers","Chauna","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.253",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parra chavaria [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/277/mode/1up","Chauna"],["236","species","Anseriformes","Anhimidae","Screamers","Chauna chavaria","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.260","Northern Screamer","Northern Screamer","Northern Screamer",null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679726","norscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norscr1","avibase-013B2B0B",null,null,"lakes near Río Sinu, south of Cartagena, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/264/mode/1up","Parra Chavaria"],["237","species","Anseriformes","Anhimidae","Screamers","Chauna torquata","(Oken, 1816)","Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte pt.3, sec.2 p.639","Southern Screamer","Southern Screamer","Southern Screamer",null,null,"wet lowlands of southeastern Peru to northern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679729","souscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souscr1","avibase-91194BE3",null,null,"'In Paraguay, um Plata.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276843#page/667/mode/1up","Chaja torquata"],["238","family","Anseriformes","Anseranatidae","Magpie Goose","Anseranatidae",null,null,"Magpie Goose","Magpie Goose","Magpie Goose",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ansera1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ansera1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["239","genus","Anseriformes","Anseranatidae","Magpie Goose","Anseranas","Lesson, 1828","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas melanoleuca [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy = Anas semipalmata Latham, 1798",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224580#page/428/mode/1up","Anseranas"],["240","species","Anseriformes","Anseranatidae","Magpie Goose","Anseranas semipalmata","(Latham, 1798)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4 p.103","Magpie Goose","Magpie Goose","Magpie Goose",null,null,"south-central New Guinea, northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region eastward to northern Queensland, southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679732","maggoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maggoo1","avibase-89D5434B",null,null,"Hawkesbury River, New South Wales.","VIII. An Essay on the Tracheae or Windpipes of various Kinds of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13714#page/118/mode/1up","Anas semipalmata"],["241","family","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anatidae",null,null,"Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl","Ducks, Geese, Swans",null,null,null,null,null,null,"anatid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anatid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["242","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Thalassornis","Eyton, 1838","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thalassornis leuconotus [Eyton, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Thalassornis"],["243","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Thalassornis leuconotus","Eyton, 1838","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.168","White-backed Duck","White-backed Duck","White-backed Duck",null,null,"local in wetlands of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679785","whbduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbduc1","avibase-2EEDACD5",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/230/mode/1up","Thalassornis leuconotus"],["244","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus","Eyton, 1838","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"local in sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCC7BCC7",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/230/mode/1up","Thalassornis leuconotus"],["245","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Thalassornis leuconotus insularis","Richmond, 1897","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 19, no.1118 p.678",null,null,null,null,null,"local in wetlands of Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0100B37",null,null,"Sakales River, eastern Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31780#page/810/mode/1up","Thalassornis insularis"],["246","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas arcuata [Horsfield, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p. 28).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/389/mode/1up","Dendrocygna"],["247","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna arborea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.128","West Indian Whistling Duck","West Indian Whistling-Duck","West Indian Whistling-duck",null,null,"Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and northern Lesser Antilles",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679770","wiwduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wiwduc1","avibase-DC65FCE7",null,null,"America = Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/146/mode/1up","Anas arborea"],["248","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna autumnalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.127","Black-bellied Whistling Duck","Black-bellied Whistling-Duck","Black-bellied Whistling-duck",null,null,"southern USA (where expanding range) to northern Argentina (mainly east of Andes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679780","bbwduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbwduc","avibase-C01A22D6",null,null,"America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/145/mode/1up","Anas autumnalis"],["249","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna autumnalis fulgens","Friedmann, 1947","The Condor 49, no.5 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"southern USA to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79DDD6D9",null,null,"Lomita Ranch, Texas.","Geographic Variations of the Black-bellied, Fulvous, and White-faced Tree Ducks","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol49/iss5/2/","Dendrocygna autumnalis fulgens"],["250","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna autumnalis autumnalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama to northern Argentina (mainly east of Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A63F77A1",null,null,"America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/145/mode/1up","Anas autumnalis"],["251","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna eytoni","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.111","Plumed Whistling Duck","Plumed Whistling-Duck","Plumed Whistling-duck",null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley regions eastward to northern Queensland, southward to northern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679740","plwduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plwduc1","avibase-A467AD00",null,null,"northwestern Australia,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/165/mode/1up","Leptotarsis Eytoni"],["252","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna bicolor","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.136","Fulvous Whistling Duck","Fulvous Whistling-Duck","Fulvous Whistling-duck",null,null,"eastern Africa, Madagascar, and southern Asia; disjunctly southern USA to Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679746","fuwduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fuwduc","avibase-9A60617E",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/156/mode/1up","Anas bicolor"],["253","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna guttata","Schlegel, 1866","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.8 Anseres no.31 p.85","Spotted Whistling Duck","Spotted Whistling-Duck","Spotted Whistling-duck",null,null,"southern Philippines and Sulawesi to New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and northern Australia (Tiwi Islands off Northern Territory, and north-eastern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679735","spwduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwduc1","avibase-1AAB20B0",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51710#page/95/mode/1up","Dendrocygna guttata"],["254","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna viduata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.205","White-faced Whistling Duck","White-faced Whistling-Duck","White-faced Whistling-duck",null,null,"Africa, Madagascar, and Comoros; disjunctly Costa Rica to Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679763","wfwduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfwduc1","avibase-A534AFEA",null,null,"Carthagena. Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/209/mode/1up","Anas viduata"],["255","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna javanica","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.199","Lesser Whistling Duck","Lesser Whistling-Duck","Lesser Whistling-duck",null,null,"Indian subcontinent to southeastern Asia and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679758","lewduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lewduc1","avibase-BD683E6E",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/218/mode/1up","Anas Javanica"],["256","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna arcuata","(Horsfield, 1824)","Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands no.8 pl.64","Wandering Whistling Duck","Wandering Whistling-Duck","Wandering Whistling-duck",null,null,"Sumatra and Philippines to Australia, New Guinea, and New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679753","wawduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wawduc1","avibase-69D272A6",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181895#page/443/mode/1up","Anas arcuata"],["257","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna arcuata arcuata","(Horsfield, 1824)","Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands no.8 pl.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines to Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEB501B9",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181895#page/443/mode/1up","Anas arcuata"],["258","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna arcuata pygmaea","Mayr, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1294 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E0AD54F",null,null,"Manlo, Wide Bay, New Britain.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 55, Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3811/","Dendrocygna arcuata pygmaea"],["259","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Dendrocygna arcuata australis","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile no.4 Novit. col.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea; northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region of Western Australia to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEB82A41",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Novitiae_ad_synops_in_avium_neueste_Entd/AR8OAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=arcuata&pg=PP10&printsec=frontcover","Dendrocygna arcuata (australis)"],["260","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Biziura","Stephens, 1824","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt2 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Biziura novaehollandiae [Stephens, 1824]; type by monotypy = Anas lobata Shaw, 1796",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/289/mode/1up","Biziura"],["261","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Biziura lobata","(Shaw, 1796)","The naturalist's miscellany 8, no.1 pl.255,text","Musk Duck","Musk Duck","Musk Duck",null,null,"Australia (except northern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679830","musduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/musduc1","avibase-623B61C4",null,null,"New South Wales = King George Sound, Western Australia, fide Mathews, 1915, Birds Australia, 4, p. 143.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124619#page/13/mode/1up","Anas lobata"],["262","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Biziura lobata lobata","(Shaw, 1796)","The naturalist's miscellany 8, no.1 pl.255,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FA7FDD5",null,null,"New South Wales = King George Sound, Western Australia, fide Mathews, 1915, Birds Australia, 4, p. 143.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124619#page/13/mode/1up","Anas lobata"],["263","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Biziura lobata menziesi","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to South Australia), including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-018E3F72",null,null,"New South Wales","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/108/mode/1up","Biziura lobata menziesi"],["264","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nettapus","Brandt, 1836","Descriptiones et icones animalium rossicorum novorum vel minus rite cognitorum. Aves, Fasc. 1 fasc.1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas madagascariensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy = Anas aurita Boddaert, 1783",null,null,null,"Nettapus"],["265","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nettapus auritus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48","African Pygmy Goose","African Pygmy-Goose","African Pygmy-goose",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa (except southwestern Africa) and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680095","afrpyg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrpyg1","avibase-EC7C1618",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Anas aurita"],["266","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nettapus pulchellus","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 7 (pt.6) pl.4 ,with text","Green Pygmy Goose","Green Pygmy-Goose","Green Pygmy-goose",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas, southern Moluccas, southern New Guinea, and tropical northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region of Western Australia to central-eastern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680086","grnpyg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnpyg1","avibase-D040868F",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189241#page/25/mode/1up","Nettapus pulchellus"],["267","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nettapus coromandelianus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.522","Cotton Pygmy Goose","Cotton Pygmy-Goose","Cotton Pygmy-goose",null,null,"lowlands of India, southern Asia, Indonesia, New Guinea, and coastal northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680090","copgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copgoo1","avibase-90AAE188",null,null,"Coromandel, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/23/mode/1up","Anas coromandeliana"],["268","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nettapus coromandelianus coromandelianus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds lowlands of India, southeastern Asia to eastern China and southward through Peninsular Malaysia; local and rare in northern New Guinea, and possibly only a visitor to Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C981FC5",null,null,"Coromandel, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/23/mode/1up","Anas coromandeliana"],["269","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nettapus coromandelianus albipennis","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 7 (pt.6) text to pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Queensland (Australia) from southern Cape York Peninsula southward to northeastern New South Wales",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC7D1DE1",null,null,"Eastern Australia = Moreton Bay, Queensland, fide Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189241#page/29/mode/1up","Nettapus albipennis"],["270","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Stictonetta","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.ix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas naevosa [Gould, 1841]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/77/mode/1up","Stictonetta"],["271","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Stictonetta naevosa","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.177","Freckled Duck","Freckled Duck","Freckled Duck",null,null,"Australia (except tropical north and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679836","freduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/freduc1","avibase-E93960AB",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/903/mode/1up","Anas naevosa"],["272","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Heteronetta","Salvadori, 1866","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas melanocephala [Vieillot, 1816 not of Gmelin, JF]; type by original designation and monotypy = Anas atricapilla Merrem, 1841  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/384/mode/1up","Heteronetta"],["273","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Heteronetta atricapilla","(Merrem, 1841)","Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgeben von J.S. Ersch und J.G. Gruber sect.1, no.35 p.26","Black-headed Duck","Black-headed Duck","Black-headed Duck",null,null,"lowlands of central Chile to Paraguay and southward to central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679833","blhduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhduc1","avibase-5ACD60F4",null,null,"Buenos Aires.","Ente","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN351177612?tify={%22pages%22:[34],%22panX%22:0.526,%22panY%22:0.435,%22view%22:%22info%22,%22zoom%22:0.862}","Anas atricapilla"],["274","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nomonyx","Ridgway, 1880","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 3 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas dominica [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51639#page/27/mode/1up","Nomonyx"],["275","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Nomonyx dominicus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.201","Masked Duck","Masked Duck","Masked Duck",null,null,"northeastern Mexico and Caribbean southward to South America; west of the Andes to western Ecuador, and east of the Andes to northern Argentina and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679789","masduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masduc","avibase-98C6F885",null,null,"South America = Santo Domingo, from Brissonian reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/205/mode/1up","Anas dominica"],["276","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura","Bonaparte, 1828","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas rubidus [Wilson, A, 1814]; type by monotypy = Anas jamaicensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54039#page/412/mode/1up","Oxyura"],["277","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura leucocephala","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.65","White-headed Duck","White-headed Duck","White-headed Duck",null,null,"patchily distributed Mediterranean basin to central Asia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679814","whhduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhduc1","avibase-2E40EF2C",null,null,"No type locality given, but probably from northern Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/69/mode/1up","Anas leucocephala"],["278","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura australis","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.85","Blue-billed Duck","Blue-billed Duck","Blue-billed Duck",null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Australia, including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679827","blbduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbduc1","avibase-672BA2DA",null,null,"Swan River, Western Australia.","Characters of some new species of Birds from Swan River.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/99/mode/1up","Oxyura Australis"],["279","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura maccoa","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.169","Maccoa Duck","Maccoa Duck","Maccoa Duck",null,null,"local in highlands of eastern and southern Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679820","macduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macduc1","avibase-1C2F4E80",null,null,"Indian Isles = South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/233/mode/1up","Erismatura maccoa"],["280","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura vittata","(Philippi, 1860)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 26, bd.1 p.26","Lake Duck","Lake Duck","Lake Duck",null,null,"breeds southern Argentina and Chile; winters northward to southern Brazil and Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679824","lakduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lakduc1","avibase-079A8245",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31507#page/34/mode/1up","Erismatura vittata"],["281","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.519","Ruddy Duck",null,null,"2025-0052","Taxa <em>ferruginea </em>and <em>andina </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Oxyura jamaicensis</em> based on available evidence. Although <em>ferruginea </em>and nominate <em>jamaicensis </em>are phenotypically distinct, low mitochondrial DNA divergence (McCracken &amp; Sorenson 2005) and shared haplotypes occur (Lozano-Jaramillo et al. 2018). Furthermore, the geographically intermediate taxon, <em>andina</em>, is of hybrid origin (Adams &amp; Slavid 1984; Fjeldså 1986; McCracken &amp; Sorenson 2005, Muñoz-Fuentes et al. 2013; Donegan et al. 2015; Lozano-Jaramillo et al. 2018), suggesting that all three are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","interior northwestern North America (southwestern Canada to Mexico), West Indies, and western South America (Andes of central Colombia to southern Argentina and southern Chile)\ncentral and eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF1E2A1D",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/20/mode/1up","Anas jamaicensis"],["282","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.519",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds interior northwestern North America, from southeastern Alaska and western Canada through western USA, and around Great Lakes; resident in southwestern USA to south-central Mexico, and West Indies; northern populations winter southward to northern Central America; introduced to western Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-675EEA7F",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/20/mode/1up","Anas jamaicensis"],["283","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura jamaicensis ferruginea","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from Andes of southern Colombia to southern Argentina and southern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1798573A",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/234/mode/1up","Erismatura ferruginea"],["284","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Oxyura jamaicensis andina","Lehmann, 1946","The Auk 63, no.2 p.221",null,null,null,"2025-0052","Taxa <em>ferruginea </em>and <em>andina </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Oxyura jamaicensis</em> based on available evidence. Although <em>ferruginea </em>and nominate <em>jamaicensis </em>are phenotypically distinct, low mitochondrial DNA divergence (McCracken &amp; Sorenson 2005) and shared haplotypes occur (Lozano-Jaramillo et al. 2018). Furthermore, the geographically intermediate taxon, <em>andina</em>, is of hybrid origin (Adams &amp; Slavid 1984; Fjeldså 1986; McCracken &amp; Sorenson 2005, Muñoz-Fuentes et al. 2013; Donegan et al. 2015; Lozano-Jaramillo et al. 2018), suggesting that all three are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","central and eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8507AEF0",null,null,"Lagunas del Páramo de Boca-Grande, Cundinamarca. Eastern Andes of Colombia; altitude 4,000 meters.","Two New Birds from the Andes of Colombia","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol63/iss2/9/","Oxyura jamaicensis andina"],["285","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Plectropterus","Stephens, 1824","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 12, pt2 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas gambensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p. 10).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64423#page/18/mode/1up","Plectropterus"],["286","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Plectropterus gambensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.195","Spur-winged Goose","Spur-winged Goose","Spur-winged Goose",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680057","spwgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwgoo1","avibase-EB01B24C",null,null,"Gambia Kingdom",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/199/mode/1up","Anas gambensis"],["287","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Plectropterus gambensis gambensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia eastward to Ethiopia, southward to Angola and the Zambezi River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49A14FC7",null,null,"Gambia Kingdom",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/199/mode/1up","Anas gambensis"],["288","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Plectropterus gambensis niger","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.48 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and Zimbabwe to Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7711A539",null,null,"Type a cage bird said to have come from Zanzibar.","Notice of an apparently new Species of Spur-winged Goose of the Genus Plectropterus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/86/mode/1up","Plectropterus niger"],["289","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Malacorhynchus","Swainson, 1831","The Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 2, no.4 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas membranacea [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19688#page/32/mode/1up","Malacorhynchus"],["290","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Malacorhynchus membranaceus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxix","Pink-eared Duck","Pink-eared Duck","Pink-eared Duck",null,null,"Australia including eastern Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680336","pieduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pieduc1","avibase-FE03DD1E",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/75/mode/1up","Anas membranacea"],["291","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Coscoroba","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.x",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anser candidus [Vieillot, 1816]; type by original designation and tautonymy = Anas coscoroba G.I. Molina, 1782  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/78/mode/1up","Coscoroba"],["292","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Coscoroba coscoroba","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.234,344","Coscoroba Swan","Coscoroba Swan","Coscoroba Swan",null,null,"southern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, Tierra del Fuego, and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679866","cosswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cosswa1","avibase-A3A0E8FE",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=&height_top=50#page=235&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Anas Coscoroba"],["293","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cereopsis","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cereopsis novaehollandiae [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/73/mode/1up","Cereopsis"],["294","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cereopsis novaehollandiae","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxvii","Cape Barren Goose","Cape Barren Goose","Cape Barren Goose",null,null,"islands off southern Australia; winters to adjacent coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679958","cabgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cabgoo1","avibase-CA875F31",null,null,"New South Wales = islands of Bass Strait, fide Mathews, 1927, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 210",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/73/mode/1up","Cereopsis N. Hollandiae"],["295","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cereopsis novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxvii",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (Eyre Peninsula to southern Victoria, Tasmania, and satellite islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F1E1266",null,null,"New South Wales = islands of Bass Strait, fide Mathews, 1927, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 210",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/73/mode/1up","Cereopsis N. Hollandiae"],["296","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Archipelago of the Recherche (off south-western Australia); winters to coastal southwestern Western Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B366833F",null,null,"Terre de Diémen [=Tasmania]","Name reintroduced by Storr, G.M. (1980) The western subspecies of the Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea (Vieillot).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/348/mode/1up","Anser griseus"],["297","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus","de Garsault, 1764","Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en médecine, décrits dans la Matière Médicale de Mr. Geoffroy médicin, dessinés d'après nature 5 pl.688",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas Olor [Gmelin, JF, 1789]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104875#page/101/mode/1up","Cygnus"],["298","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus melancoryphus","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.234,344","Black-necked Swan","Black-necked Swan","Black-necked Swan",null,null,"southern South America from Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands northward to central Chile, Uruguay, and far southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); in winter northward to São Paulo (southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679846","blnswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnswa2","avibase-B8C652E6",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=&height_top=50#page=235&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Anas Melancoripha"],["299","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus olor","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.502","Mute Swan","Mute Swan","Mute Swan",null,null,"west-central to east-central Palearctic region from central Europe to southeastern China; partially migratory southward; introduced widely including to western and southwestern Europe, Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), southwestern Australia, and eastern North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679839","mutswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mutswa","avibase-694C127A",null,null,"Russia, Sibiria, Persico etiam littore maris Caspii.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/2/mode/1up","Anas Olor"],["300","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus atratus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.834","Black Swan","Black Swan","Black Swan",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania but not tropical north; New Zealand, where formerly occurred but was eradicated, later was reintroduced and also self-colonized",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679843","blkswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkswa","avibase-46B54DB1",null,null,"lakes of Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/374/mode/1up","Anas atrata"],["301","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus columbianus","(Ord, 1815)","A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar; and present state of the several kingdoms of the world. Second American ed. Vol. 2. ed.2(Am.), 2 p.319","Tundra Swan","Tundra Swan","Tundra Swan",null,null,"high Arctic breeder of Holarctic; winters to southern Palearctic and southern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679862","tunswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tunswa","avibase-0BCBA6B9",null,null,"The Dalles, Oregon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123750#page/325/mode/1up","Anas Columbianus"],["302","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus columbianus columbianus","(Ord, 1815)","A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar; and present state of the several kingdoms of the world. Second American ed. Vol. 2. ed.2(Am.), 2 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra of Arctic North America; winters to western and coastal eastern USA, less often to southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D611DD41",null,null,"The Dalles, Oregon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123750#page/325/mode/1up","Anas Columbianus"],["303","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus columbianus bewickii","Yarrell, 1830","The Zoological Journal 5, no.17 p.133,note",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kola Peninsula to Arctic northern Siberia; winters western Europe to southern and eastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D8F0A76",null,null,"England.","XXIII. On a new Species of Wild Swan, taken in England, and hitherto cofounded with the Hooper.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/147/mode/1up","Cygnus Bewickii"],["304","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus cygnus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.122","Whooper Swan","Whooper Swan","Whooper Swan",null,null,"breeds Palearctic; winters to central Asia and southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679856","whoswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whoswa","avibase-BDDB5670",null,null,"Restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/140/mode/1up","Anas Cygnus"],["305","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cygnus buccinator","Richardson, 1832","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucien Bonaparte 4 p.345","Trumpeter Swan","Trumpeter Swan","Trumpeter Swan",null,null,"breeds North America from western and central Alaska eastward through east-central Canada and southward through western and central USA; some southward movement in winter; early extirpations and subsequent reintroductions cloud distributional knowledge",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679859","truswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/truswa","avibase-B86C504C",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237607#page/361/mode/1up","Cygnus buccinator"],["306","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta","Scopoli, 1769","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.67",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas bernicla [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Bannister, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 131).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/71/mode/1up","Branta"],["307","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta bernicla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124","Brant Goose","Brant","Brent Goose",null,null,"arctic tundra, coastal meadows, and small islands in lakes and rivers in coastal Alaska, northern Canada, Arctic Canadian islands, northern Greenland, Svalbard, and northern Siberia, Russia; winters in southern Alaska southward to the coast of northwestern Mexico and Baja California, and along the eastern coast of Canada and the US, in the British Isles, Iceland, the western coast of Europe, southern Russia, northeastern China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679946","brant","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brant","avibase-3E04020B",null,null,"Northern Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas Bernicla"],["308","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta bernicla nigricans","(Lawrence, 1846)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 4 p.171 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia, western and northern Alaska, and northwestern Canada; winters from northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu) to Korean Peninsula and northeastern China, and from Alaska to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C09000A",null,null,"Egg Harbor, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22947#page/203/mode/1up","Anser nigricans"],["309","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta bernicla bernicla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central Siberia; winters coastal England and northwestern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF504551",null,null,"Northern Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas Bernicla"],["310","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta bernicla hrota","(Müller, 1776)","Zoologiæ Danicæ Prodromus, seu animalium daniæ et norvegiæ indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in eastern Arctic Canada, northern Greenland, Spitsbergen, and Franz Josef Land; winters in coastal eastern North America, the British Isles, and Denmark",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81A40D31",null,null,"Iceland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129624#page/60/mode/1up","Anas Hrota"],["311","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta ruficollis","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.6 p.21 pl.4","Red-breasted Goose","Red-breasted Goose","Red-breasted Goose",null,null,"breeds low Arctic tundra of Yamal, Gydan, and Taymyr peninsulas (northwestern Siberia); winters to western and southern Black Sea and southern Caspian Sea; prone to vagrancy elsewhere in Eurasia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679954","rebgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebgoo1","avibase-0D280B3F",null,null,"Lower Ob, southern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/253/mode/1up","Anser ruficollis"],["312","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta sandvicensis","(Vigors, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.17 p.43","Nene","Hawaiian Goose","Hawaiian Goose",null,null,"upland lava flows, grassy areas, and wetlands of Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii); reintroduced to Kaua‘i and Maui",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679929","hawgoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawgoo","avibase-EDB18078",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/55/mode/1up","Bernicla sandvicensis"],["313","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123","Canada Goose","Canada Goose","Canada Goose",null,null,"breeds most of North America; winters mostly USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679935","cangoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cangoo","avibase-B59E1863",null,null,"Canada; City of Quebec suggested by Todd, 1938, Auk, 55, p. 661.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas canadensis"],["314","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis occidentalis","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.766",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Alaska (Prince William Sound to Copper River Delta); winters from the lower Colombia River valley southward to the Willamette Valley (northwestern Oregon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F338AA7D",null,null,"Port Townsend, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/830/mode/1up","Bernicla occidentalis"],["315","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis fulva","Delacour, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1537 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Alaska to British Columbia; primarily resident",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8DED8A8",null,null,"Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.","Preliminary note on the taxonomy of Canada geese, Branta canadensis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3908/","Branta canadensis fulva"],["316","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis maxima","Delacour, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1537 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly bred in Great Plains from south-central Manitoba and northern Minnesota southward to eastern Kansas and northern Arkansas, and eastward to northwestern Tennessee and western Kentucky; nearly extirpated but now a widely reestablished resident, and introduced to and widespread in western Europe and New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F461822",null,null,"Round Lake, Grant County, Minnesota.","Preliminary note on the taxonomy of Canada geese, Branta canadensis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3908/","Branta canadensis maxima"],["317","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis parvipes","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Alaska to Canadian prairie provinces; winters southern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A2E650A",null,null,"Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/209/mode/1up","Anser parvipes"],["318","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis moffitti","Aldrich, 1946","Wilson Bulletin 58, no.2 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Great Plains, Great Basin, and southern Canada; winters southward; introduced widely",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0148AC5",null,null,"Blue Lake, near Coulee City, Washington.","Speciation in the White-cheeked Geese.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol58/iss2/2/","Branta canadensis moffitti"],["319","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis interior","Todd, 1938","The Auk 55, no.4 p.662",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Canada; winters to Florida and Louisiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E994E80",null,null,"Port Harrison, east coast of Hudson Bay.","A new eastern race of the Canada Goose.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol55/iss4/10/","Branta canadensis interior"],["320","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta canadensis canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Labrador and Newfoundland; winters to Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDC296F3",null,null,"Canada; City of Quebec suggested by Todd, 1938, Auk, 55, p. 661.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas canadensis"],["321","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta leucopsis","(Bechstein, 1803)","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 2 p.424","Barnacle Goose","Barnacle Goose","Barnacle Goose",null,null,"breeds high Arctic eastern Greenland, Svalbard (north of Norway), Novaya Zemlya, and nearby Kolguyev and Vaygach islands (northwestern Russia); winters to coastal northern British Isles, southern Scandinavia, and northwestern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679943","bargoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bargoo","avibase-3163ED86",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/466/mode/1up","Anas leucopsis"],["322","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta hutchinsii","(Richardson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.470","Cackling Goose","Cackling Goose","Cackling Goose",null,null,"breeds high Arctic of North America; winters western and central USA, less often north-central Japan (Honshu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733619","cacgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cacgoo1","avibase-60214D49",null,null,"Melville Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/644/mode/1up","Anser Hutchinsii"],["323","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta hutchinsii leucopareia","(Brandt, 1836)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 1, no.5 p.37, pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds locally in Aleutian and Semidi islands, Alaska (formerly bred from Kuril and Commander islands eastward to near Kodiak Island); winters Oregon and California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90B3F5BB",null,null,"Unalaska, Aleutian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/59/mode/1up","Anser leucopareius"],["324","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta hutchinsii minima","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.475 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal western Alaska; winters primarily in California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C86F2A24",null,null,"Pacific coast of North America. Type from St. Michael, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/36/mode/1up","Branta minima"],["325","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta hutchinsii taverneri","Delacour, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1537 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Alaska to Mackenzie River delta; winters to Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA8A7869",null,null,"Colusa, California.","Preliminary note on the taxonomy of Canada geese, Branta canadensis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3908/","Branta canadensis taverneri"],["326","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii","(Richardson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central Arctic Canada; winters in the south-central USA (New Mexico to Louisiana, rarely eastward to New York) and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB6F1CBC",null,null,"Melville Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/644/mode/1up","Anser Hutchinsii"],["327","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.58;6, p.261",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas anser [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Anas anser Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/102/mode/1up","Anser"],["328","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser indicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.839","Bar-headed Goose","Bar-headed Goose","Bar-headed Goose",null,null,"breeds alpine lakes in central Asia; winters to India and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679893","bahgoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahgoo","avibase-B7159EF0",null,null,"India in winter, and Tibet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/379/mode/1up","Anas indica"],["329","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser canagicus","(Sevastianov, 1802)","Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 13 p.349 pl.10","Emperor Goose","Emperor Goose","Emperor Goose",null,null,"breeds in northeastern Siberia and western Alaska; winters mainly in Alaska, from the Aleutians to the Alaska Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679919","empgoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/empgoo","avibase-1E6F0F8D",null,null,"Kanaga Island, Aleutian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113778#page/451/mode/1up","Anas Canagica"],["330","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser rossii","Cassin, 1861","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13 p.73","Ross's Goose","Ross's Goose","Ross's Goose",null,null,"breeds tundra of Arctic north-central Canada; winters to western and central USA and central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679909","rosgoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rosgoo","avibase-7A24F57F",null,null,"Great Slave Lake.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17713#page/84/mode/1up","Anser Rossii"],["331","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser caerulescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124","Snow Goose","Snow Goose","Snow Goose",null,null,"arctic tundra near wetlands in the islands of northern Canada and northwestern Greenland southward to the Arctic coast of Canada and Alaska, coastal Hudson Bay, Wrangel Island, and far northeastern Siberia; winters locally in western US, in central US mainly along the Mississippi River basin, and in the Atlantic coast of the US and southward to northern Mexico, southward in the highlands of central Mexico to northern Jalisco and Guanajuato, and along the Gulf of Mexico coast southward to Veracruz, less often north-central Japan (Honshu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679896","snogoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snogoo","avibase-D3A260BC",null,null,"Hudson Bay. Blue morph.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas caerulescens"],["332","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser caerulescens caerulescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northeastern Siberia and Alaska to northwestern and north-central Canada; winters in the southern USA from California to New York and to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B4BA25B",null,null,"Hudson Bay. Blue morph.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas caerulescens"],["333","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser caerulescens atlanticus","(Kennard, 1927)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Greenland and islands in Baffin Bay; winters to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A142422E",null,null,"Princess Anne Club, Back Bay, Princess Anne County, Virginia.","The specific status of the Greater Snow Goose.",null,"Chen atlantica"],["334","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser anser","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123","Greylag Goose","Graylag Goose","Greylag Goose",null,null,"open freshwater wetlands, swamps, lakes, coastal lagoons, and open fields from Iceland, northern Europe, and northern Scandinavia eastward across eastern Europe, Türkiye, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, and southern Russia to northeastern China and southeastern Russia; winters in western and southern Europe, northernmost Africa, and Türkiye eastward to eastern China and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679889","gragoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gragoo","avibase-4AED44E8",null,null,"Restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas Anser"],["335","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser anser anser","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Eurasia; winters to North Africa, Türkiye and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D2E44DE",null,null,"Restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas Anser"],["336","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser anser rubrirostris","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Eurasia; winters to Türkiye, India, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01364018",null,null,"Shanghai.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/512/mode/1up","Anser cinereus var. rubrirostris"],["337","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser cygnoides","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.122","Swan Goose","Swan Goose","Swan Goose","2025-N045","<em>Anser cygnoid</em> has also been used. The spelling <em>cygnoides </em>is in prevailing usage and thus protected by Article 33.3.1. Even if the argument of prevailing usage were to be discounted, a majority of the community considered it preferable to spell out this intended abbreviation to comply with widespread practice among zoologists in many other animal groups to spell out obvious cases of abbreviations.","breeds central Asia and Mongolia to southeastern Siberia; winters to southeastern China",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679869","swagoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swagoo1","avibase-946E4517",null,null,"Asia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/140/mode/1up","Anas Cygnoid"],["338","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser erythropus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123","Lesser White-fronted Goose","Lesser White-fronted Goose","Lesser White-fronted Goose",null,null,"breeds Arctic Eurasia; winters to southern Europe, India, and China",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679886","lwfgoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lwfgoo","avibase-184D2329",null,null,"Restricted type locality. North Sweden. Lönnberg, Ibis, 1913, p. 401-402.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas erythropus"],["339","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser albifrons","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.69","Greater White-fronted Goose","Greater White-fronted Goose","Greater White-fronted Goose",null,null,"Holarctic, breeding in southwestern Greenland, northern Russia to Chukotskiy Peninsula, and northern Alaska to west of Hudson Bay; winters to southern Europe, Middle East, eastern China, Korean Peninsula, Japan (Honshu), and southwestern and southeastern USA and northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679881","gwfgoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gwfgoo","avibase-466E9077",null,null,"Northern Italy?.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/73/mode/1up","Branta albifrons"],["340","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser albifrons flavirostris","Dalgety & Scott, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68 p.115 [115 pl.3,4]",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in western Greenland; winters in Ireland, western Scotland, and western Wales",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-948370D2",null,null,"North Slob, Wexford, Ireland.","A new Race of the Whitefronted Goose.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/153/mode/1up","Anser albifrons flavirostris"],["341","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser albifrons albifrons","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in northern Russia, eastward to northeastern Siberia; winters in Europe eastward to southern Asia southward to northern and central India, southern China, and central Japan (Honshu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05DCDA52",null,null,"Northern Italy?.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/73/mode/1up","Branta albifrons"],["342","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser albifrons elgasi","Delacour & Ripley, 1975","American Museum Novitates no.2565 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southern Alaska (Cook Inlet area); winters in northern California (Sacramento Valley and the head of Suisun Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4662DBF7",null,null,"Sacramento, California.","Description of a new subspecies of the white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2758/","Anser albifrons elgasi"],["343","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser albifrons gambelli","Hartlaub, 1852","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from interior and northern Alaska eastward across Arctic Canada to the Hudson Bay region; winters in the south-central USA and in northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEBF2EFD",null,null,"Texas and southern United States.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/13/mode/1up","Anser Gambelli"],["344","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser albifrons sponsa","Banks, 2011","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 124 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in western Alaska; winters in California and western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24FB6A25",null,null,"Hooper Bay, Alaska, collected 11 May 1942 by C. E. Gillham","Taxonomy of Greater White-fronted Geese","http://www.jeaniron.ca/2011/Banks-GWFG-PBSW-11.pdf","Anser albifrons sponsa"],["345","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser serrirostris","Gould, 1852","The Literary Gazette no.1836 p.306","Tundra Bean Goose","Tundra Bean-Goose",null,"2025-0008","Taxon <em>serrirostris</em> (polytypic, including <em>rossicus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anser fabalis</em> (polytypic, including <em>johanseni</em> and <em>middendorffii</em>) based on available evidence. The species are morphologically diagnosable (de Jong 2019) and ecologically separated to a large extent (Sangster &amp; Oreel 1996). Genetic data are complicated by a history of introgressive hybridization (Ottenburghs et al. 2020, 2023), rapid speciation (Ottenburghs et al. 2016), and incongruent phylogenetic reconstructions (Ruokenen et al. 2008; Ottenburghs et al. 2016, 2020, 2023). However, genomic data consistently show <em>A. brachyrhynchus</em> to be nested within the <em>fabalis</em>-<em>serrirostris</em> complex (Ottenburghs et al. 2016, 2023) with highly differentiated genomic regions providing strong support for a 3-species treatment (Ottenburghs et al. 2023): <em>A. fabalis</em>, <em>A. brachyrhynchus</em>, and <em>A. serrirostris</em>. For taxonomic stability, <em>middendorffii</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>A. fabalis</em>, but a more comprehensive genomic review is needed to determine if species status is warranted (Ruokenen et al. 2008).","breeds Arctic lakes, pools, and rivers from northern Scandinavia (including Svalbard) eastward across northern Siberia to northeastern Russia; winters in central and eastern Europe, eastern China, and Japan",null,null,null,"tunbeg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tunbeg1","avibase-AD849FCB",null,null,"Shanghai, China.",null,"https://archive.org/details/sim_literary-gazette_1852-03-27_1836/page/306/mode/2up","Anser serrirostris"],["346","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser serrirostris rossicus","Buturlin, 1933","Opredelitel promyslovykh ptits p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra of northern Russia and northwestern Siberia eastward to the Taimyr Peninsula; winters mainly in western and central Europe and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0260E792",null,null,"western Siberia = Beluchia Guba, Samal, Taymyr Peninsula, fide Dementiev, 1936, Alauda, 8, p. 190.",null,null,"Anser (Melanonyx) serrirostris rossicus"],["347","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser serrirostris serrirostris","Gould, 1852","The Literary Gazette no.1836 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra of northeastern Siberia from Lena Delta eastward to Anadyrland and Kamchatka; winters central and eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan (northern Honshu), and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B576C37C",null,null,"Shanghai, China.",null,"https://archive.org/details/sim_literary-gazette_1852-03-27_1836/page/306/mode/2up","Anser serrirostris"],["348","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser brachyrhynchus","Baillon, 1834","Mémoires de la Société Royale d'Émulation d'Abbeville (1833) p.74","Pink-footed Goose","Pink-footed Goose","Pink-footed Goose",null,null,"breeds Greenland, Iceland, and Spitsbergen; winters northwestern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679872","pifgoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pifgoo","avibase-AFA7EE74",null,null,"Abbeville, lower Somme River, France.","Catalogue des Mammifères, Oiseaux, Reptiles, Poissons et Mollusques testacés marins, observés dans l'arrondissement d'Abbeville.",null,"Anser Brachyrhynchus"],["349","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser fabalis","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.297","Taiga Bean Goose","Taiga Bean-Goose",null,"2025-0008","Taxon <em>serrirostris</em> (polytypic, including <em>rossicus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anser fabalis</em> (polytypic, including <em>johanseni</em> and <em>middendorffii</em>) based on available evidence. The species are morphologically diagnosable (de Jong 2019) and ecologically separated to a large extent (Sangster &amp; Oreel 1996). Genetic data are complicated by a history of introgressive hybridization (Ottenburghs et al. 2020, 2023), rapid speciation (Ottenburghs et al. 2016), and incongruent phylogenetic reconstructions (Ruokenen et al. 2008; Ottenburghs et al. 2016, 2020, 2023). However, genomic data consistently show <em>A. brachyrhynchus</em> to be nested within the <em>fabalis</em>-<em>serrirostris</em> complex (Ottenburghs et al. 2016, 2023) with highly differentiated genomic regions providing strong support for a 3-species treatment (Ottenburghs et al. 2023): <em>A. fabalis</em>, <em>A. brachyrhynchus</em>, and <em>A. serrirostris</em>. For taxonomic stability, <em>middendorffii</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>A. fabalis</em>, but a more comprehensive genomic review is needed to determine if species status is warranted (Ruokenen et al. 2008).","taiga rivers, lakes, and pools from northern Scandinavia eastward across the Ural Mountains and northerrn Siberia to northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and southeastern Russia; winters mostly in northern and central Europe, central Asia, eastern China, and Japan",null,null,null,"taibeg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taibeg1","avibase-BDB497A3",null,null,"Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/335/mode/1up","Anas Fabalis"],["350","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser fabalis fabalis","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds taiga of Scandinavia to Ural Mountains; winters western Europe to far southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9A430D9",null,null,"Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/335/mode/1up","Anas Fabalis"],["351","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser fabalis johanseni","Delacour, 1951","Ardea 39 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds taiga and wooded tundra of Ural Mountains to Lake Baikal; winters mainly to southeastern Kazakhstan, eastern Kyrgyzstan, and Iran eastward to northwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEF6740E",null,null,"Tai-pai Shan, Tsinling (= Chin Ling) Mountains, Shensi, China.","Taxonomic notes on the Bean Geese, Anser fabalis Lath..","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=984","Anser fabalis johanseni"],["352","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anser fabalis middendorffii","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.70,155",null,null,null,"2025-0008","Taxon <em>serrirostris</em> (polytypic, including <em>rossicus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anser fabalis</em> (polytypic, including <em>johanseni</em> and <em>middendorffii</em>) based on available evidence. The species are morphologically diagnosable (de Jong 2019) and ecologically separated to a large extent (Sangster &amp; Oreel 1996). Genetic data are complicated by a history of introgressive hybridization (Ottenburghs et al. 2020, 2023), rapid speciation (Ottenburghs et al. 2016), and incongruent phylogenetic reconstructions (Ruokenen et al. 2008; Ottenburghs et al. 2016, 2020, 2023). However, genomic data consistently show <em>A. brachyrhynchus</em> to be nested within the <em>fabalis</em>-<em>serrirostris</em> complex (Ottenburghs et al. 2016, 2023) with highly differentiated genomic regions providing strong support for a 3-species treatment (Ottenburghs et al. 2023): <em>A. fabalis</em>, <em>A. brachyrhynchus</em>, and <em>A. serrirostris</em>. For taxonomic stability, <em>middendorffii</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>A. fabalis</em>, but a more comprehensive genomic review is needed to determine if species status is warranted (Ruokenen et al. 2008).","breeds taiga of Altai region, eastern Siberia (east of Lake Baikal), and eastward to the Sea of Okhotsk; winters in central and eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan (Honshu), and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97E7761F",null,null,"eastern Siberia.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Anser Middendorffii"],["353","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.106 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Merganetta armata [Gould, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,"On a species contained in the collection of bird-skins and mammals collected by Thomas Bridges, Esq., in the Andes of Chile","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/107/mode/1up","Merganetta"],["354","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta armata","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.106 p.95","Torrent Duck","Torrent Duck","Torrent Duck",null,null,"Andean streams of western South America from Venezuela to southern Chile and Argentina in Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680118","torduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/torduc1","avibase-C1068510",null,null,"central Chile.","[On a species contained in the collection of bird-skins and mammals collected by Thomas Bridges, Esq., in the Andes of Chile].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/107/mode/1up","Merganetta armata"],["355","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta armata colombiana","des Murs, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean rivers of Colombia and adjacent northwestern Venezuela, to central Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D154A2F",null,null,"No type locality given = Colombia by inference.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/189/mode/1up","Merganetta Colombiana"],["356","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta armata leucogenis","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean rivers of central Ecuador to central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-116B9DB1",null,null,"high Andes of Peru = Manarimacunan, sources of Río Aynamayo [= upper Río Vitoc] , Junín, Peru, fide Tschudi, 1846, Untersuchungen Fauna Peruana, Ornith., p. 312.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/400/mode/1up","Anas leucogenis"],["357","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta armata turneri","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Exotic ornithology, containing figures and descriptions of new or rare species of American birds Pt13 p.199 pl.c",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean rivers of southern Peru (Cusco and Arequipa) and far northern Chile (southward to northern Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-552BF2DA",null,null,"Tinta, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119073#page/411/mode/1up","Merganetta turneri"],["358","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta armata garleppi","Berlepsch, 1894","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 2 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean rivers of northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FE345BA",null,null,"Cocotal, Bolivia.","Beschreibung einer neuen Merganetta-Art aus Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35476#page/126/mode/1up","Merganetta garleppi"],["359","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta armata berlepschi","Hartert, 1909","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean rivers of southern Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F570E088",null,null,"near Tucumán, Argentina; altitude 1,800 meters.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/264/mode/1up","Merganetta berlepschi"],["360","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Merganetta armata armata","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.106 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean rivers of Chile southward from Atacama and adjacent Argentina southward from San Juan to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4538BB32",null,null,"central Chile.","[On a species contained in the collection of bird-skins and mammals collected by Thomas Bridges, Esq., in the Andes of Chile].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/107/mode/1up","Merganetta armata"],["361","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Callonetta","Delacour, 1936","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 6 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas leucophrys [Vieillot, 1816]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313056#page/385/mode/1up","Callonetta"],["362","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Callonetta leucophrys","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.156","Ringed Teal","Ringed Teal","Ringed Teal",null,null,"southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680101","rintea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rintea1","avibase-45C1096F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/176/mode/1up","Anas leucophrys"],["363","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cairina","Fleming, 1822","The philosophy of zoology; or a general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals 2 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas moschata [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89678#page/268/mode/1up","Cairina"],["364","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cairina moschata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124","Muscovy Duck","Muscovy Duck","Muscovy Duck",null,null,"lowland wetlands from northern Mexico southward, west of the Andes, to southwestern Ecuador and, east of the Andes, to northeastern Argentina and Brazil; domestic varieties introduced almost worldwide",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680061","musduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/musduc","avibase-8DE14046",null,null,"India; Brazil substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool. 9, p. 131.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas moschata"],["365","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aix","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.329",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas sponsa [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p. 35).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/173/mode/1up","Aix"],["366","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aix galericulata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.128","Mandarin Duck","Mandarin Duck","Mandarin Duck",null,null,"breeds wooded ponds, swamps, and streams of northeastern Asia from southeastern Siberia, eastern China, Korean Peninsula, Japan (Hokkaido to central Ryukyu Islands), and Taiwan; winters to southeastern China and northern southeastern Asia; introduced in Western Europe, and escapes frequent in USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680107","manduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manduc","avibase-E1714A09",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/146/mode/1up","Anas galericulata"],["367","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aix sponsa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.128","Wood Duck","Wood Duck","Wood Duck",null,null,"breeds mainly inland waters of southern Canada from southern British Colombia and Montana to southern California in the west, and eastern Saskatchewan eastward to Nova Scotia and southward to east-central Texas and southern Florida and Cuba; mainly resident in west of range; in east winters mainly from east-central USA southward to central Mexico and the Bahamas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680104","wooduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wooduc","avibase-27B2749A",null,null,"North America = Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/146/mode/1up","Anas Sponsa"],["368","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Neochen","Oberholser, 1918","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 8, no.17 p.571",null,null,null,"2025-0053","Taxa <em>jubata </em>and <em>melanoptera </em>are placed in <em>Neochen </em>and <em>Chloephaga</em>, respectively, pending further research. Sometimes placed together in <em>Oressochen</em> based on similarities in plumage, structure, and behavior, a relationship also suggested by limited mitochondrial DNA data (Bulgarella et al. 2014). However, morphological differences between them are pronounced, and a supermatrix analysis did not recover them as sister lineages (Eo et al. 2009), indicating the need for further research. The proposed arrangement is adopted to support taxonomic stability.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anser jubatus [von Spix, 1825]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Diagnosis of a new genus of Anatidae from South America","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18452#page/577/mode/1up","Neochen"],["369","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Neochen jubata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.84, pl.108","Orinoco Goose","Orinoco Goose","Orinoco Goose",null,null,"Orinoco and Amazon basins to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679987","origoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/origoo1","avibase-FA5A25B2",null,null,"'Ad ripam fl. Solimoens in insula Praya das Ongas.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/98/mode/1up","Anser jubatus"],["370","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga","Eyton, 1838","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas magellanica [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Anas leucoptera J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,null,"Chloephaga"],["371","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga melanoptera","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.93","Andean Goose","Andean Goose","Andean Goose",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru to northwestern Argentina and central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679972","andgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andgoo1","avibase-BB29610F",null,null,"Lake Titicaca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/143/mode/1up","Anser melanopterus"],["372","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga poliocephala","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.334 p.128","Ashy-headed Goose","Ashy-headed Goose","Ashy-headed Goose",null,null,"southern Argentina and southern Chile to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679981","ashgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashgoo1","avibase-E0DEB0E7",null,null,"ex pl. 165 in Gray, Gen. Bds.","Note on the Upland Goose.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/140/mode/1up","Chloëphaga poliocephala"],["373","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga rubidiceps","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.387 pl.173","Ruddy-headed Goose","Ruddy-headed Goose","Ruddy-headed Goose",null,null,"resident Falkland Islands; breeds southernmost Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego; migrates northward to southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679984","ruhgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhgoo1","avibase-164A10EA",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Catalogue of the Birds of the Falkland Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/487/mode/1up","Chloëphaga rubidiceps"],["374","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga hybrida","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.241,344","Kelp Goose","Kelp Goose","Kelp Goose",null,null,"coastal southern Argentina and Chile to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679978","kelgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kelgoo1","avibase-4270502F",null,null,"Chiloé Island.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=242&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Anas Hybrida"],["375","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga hybrida hybrida","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.241,344",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Argentina and Chile to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC4F20EA",null,null,"Chiloé Island.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=242&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Anas Hybrida"],["376","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga hybrida malvinarum","Phillips, 1916","The Auk 33, no.4 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E88703B9",null,null,"Port Stephens, West Falkland, Falkland Islands.","A new form of Chloëphaga hybrida.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol33/iss4/8/","Chloephaga hybrida malvinarum"],["377","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga picta","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.504","Upland Goose","Upland Goose","Upland Goose",null,null,"breeds southern Chile, southern Argentina, and Falkland Islands; winters northward to central Chile and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679975","uplgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uplgoo1","avibase-74FC5DAB",null,null,"Staten Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/5/mode/1up","Anas picta"],["378","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga picta picta","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Chile and southern Argentina; winters northward to central Chile and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEB0F5B9",null,null,"Staten Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/5/mode/1up","Anas picta"],["379","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chloephaga picta leucoptera","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.505",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92CFFAB7",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/6/mode/1up","Anas leucoptera"],["380","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Radjah","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.x",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Radjah eytoni [Reichenbach, 1853]; type by original designation and tautonymy = Anas radjah Garnot & Lesson, 1828  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/78/mode/1up","Radjah"],["381","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Radjah radjah","(Garnot & Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.417","Radjah Shelduck","Radjah Shelduck","Radjah Shelduck",null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea and satellite islands, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680029","radshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/radshe1","avibase-13B373F3",null,null,"Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/425/mode/1up","Anas radjah"],["382","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Radjah radjah radjah","(Garnot & Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas to New Guinea and satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9453F0E5",null,null,"Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/425/mode/1up","Anas radjah"],["383","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Radjah radjah rufitergum","(Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.1 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern and eastern Australia (east Kimberley region of Western Australia to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA702D6F",null,null,"South Alligator River, Northern Territory.","List of Birds collected in North-Western Australia and Arnhem-Land by Mr. J. T. Tunney.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/219/mode/1up","Tadorna radjah rufitergum"],["384","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Alopochen","Stejneger, 1885","The Standard Natural History 4 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas aegyptiaca [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Oberholser, 1918, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 8, p. 572).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16767#page/171/mode/1up","Alopochen"],["385","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Alopochen aegyptiaca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.197","Egyptian Goose","Egyptian Goose","Egyptian Goose",null,null,"Nile Valley of Egypt and Sudan, and sub-Saharan Africa; introduced to western and central Europe, and southeastern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679993","egygoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/egygoo","avibase-DA2F24E3",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/201/mode/1up","Anas aegyptiaca"],["386","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Alopochen mauritiana","(Newton & Gadow, 1893)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 13, pt.7 p.290","Mauritius Sheldgoose","Mauritius Shelduck","Mauritius Shelduck",null,null,"formerly Mauritius; extinct, likely since late 1600s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728658","maushe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maushe1","avibase-E4AA60C7",null,null,"Mare aux Songes swamp, Mauritius","On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Théodore Sauzier","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101603#page/366/mode/1up","Sarcidiornis mauritianus"],["387","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Alopochen kervazoi","(Cowles, 1994)","Geobios 27, no.1 p.87-93","Reunion Sheldgoose","Reunion Shelduck","Reunion Shelduck",null,null,"formerly Réunion; extinct, likely since late 1600s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729490","reushe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reushe1","avibase-10D0AD82",null,null,"Bed 5, cave named Grotte des Premiers Français (Grande Caverne), situated about 1.5 km south-west from the centre of Saint-Paul, Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. Collected by B. Kervazo, April 1974.","A new genus, three new species and two new records of extinct Holocene birds from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean.","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016699506802159","Mascarenachen kervazoi"],["388","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tadorna","Boie, 1822","Tagebuch gehalten auf einer Reise durch Norwegen im Jahre 1817 i-viii p.1-352.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas familiaris [Boie, 1822]; type by tautonymy = Anas tadorna Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Tadorna"],["389","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tadorna tadorna","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.122","Common Shelduck","Common Shelduck","Common Shelduck",null,null,"breeds western Europe to east-central Asia; winters to northern Africa through southern and eastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680024","comshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comshe","avibase-5EAB32D3",null,null,"coasts of Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 40.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/140/mode/1up","Anas Tadorna"],["390","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tadorna cristata","(Kuroda, 1917)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 1, no.5, suppl. p.1,2 fig.1","Crested Shelduck","Crested Shelduck","Crested Shelduck",null,null,"formerly Siberia and Korea; probably extinct, last reported 1916","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680021","creshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creshe1","avibase-B2EEE0EA",null,null,"Naktung River, near Fusan, Korea.","On one new genus and three new species of birds from Corea and Tsuhima.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.1.5_en1","Pseudotadorna cristata"],["391","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tadorna cana","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.510","South African Shelduck","South African Shelduck","South African Shelduck",null,null,"Karoo of southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680007","soashe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soashe1","avibase-D9DEA77E",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/11/mode/1up","Anas cana"],["392","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tadorna ferruginea","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.5 no.358","Ruddy Shelduck","Ruddy Shelduck","Ruddy Shelduck",null,null,"breeds Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean northern Africa eastward through southern Russia to eastern China, and in the south through Türkiye to Tibetan Plateau including Ladakh; winters to Ethiopia, southern India, and eastern Asia; introduced in central Europe and the Canary Islands, and appears frequently elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680003","rudshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudshe","avibase-1F9D883E",null,null,"No type locality given = Tartary.",null,null,"Anas ferruginea"],["393","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tadorna variegata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.505","Paradise Shelduck","Paradise Shelduck","Paradise Shelduck",null,null,"North, South, Stewart, and satellite islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680015","parshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parshe1","avibase-AB08E5C4",null,null,"New Zealand = Dusky Sound, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/6/mode/1up","Anas variegata"],["394","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tadorna tadornoides","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.4 pl.62, with text","Australian Shelduck","Australian Shelduck","Australian Shelduck",null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Australia, including Tasmania and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680011","ausshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausshe1","avibase-FF1439E4",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/47/mode/1up","Anas tadornoides"],["395","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Clangula","Leach, 1819","A voyage of discovery, made under the orders of the Admiralty, in His Majesty's ships Isabella and Alexander, for the purpose of exploring Baffin's Bay, and enquiring into the probability of a North-West Passage App.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas glacialis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Anas hyemalis Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Clangula"],["396","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Clangula hyemalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.126","Long-tailed Duck","Long-tailed Duck","Long-tailed Duck",null,null,"breeds coastal Greenland (except northern), Iceland, northern Fennoscandia, northern Russia to Chukotka Peninsula, Alaska and northern Canada; winters mostly in coastal bays of northwestern Europe, northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu), and Korean Peninsula, and Aleutians to southwestern Canada",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680427","lotduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotduc","avibase-AF0C7BDE",null,null,"arctic Europe and America; restricted to northern Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 44.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/144/mode/1up","Anas hyemalis"],["397","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Polysticta","Eyton, 1836","A catalogue of British birds, with synonyms p.58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas stelleri [Pallas, 1769]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Polysticta"],["398","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Polysticta stelleri","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.6 p.35 pl.5","Steller's Eider","Steller's Eider","Steller's Eider",null,null,"breeds northwestern and northeastern Siberia from Yamal Peninsula to Chukotka, and Arctic Coastal Plain, northern Alaska; winters to Kamchatka Peninsula, Commander and Kuril islands (southeastern Russia), and Aleutians; also northernmost Norway and the Kola Peninsula, and Baltic, White, and Barents seas",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680415","steeid","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/steeid","avibase-BA07D016",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/271/mode/1up","Anas stelleri"],["399","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Camptorhynchus","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.58",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas labradoria [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/70/mode/1up","Camptorhynchus"],["400","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Camptorhynchus labradorius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.537","Labrador Duck","Labrador Duck","Labrador Duck",null,null,"formerly coastal northeastern North America; extinct, last reported 1875","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680418","labduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labduc","avibase-80897D19",null,null,"arctic America, Connecticut, and Labrador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/38/mode/1up","Anas labradoria"],["401","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria","Leach, 1819","A voyage of discovery, made under the orders of the Admiralty, in His Majesty's ships Isabella and Alexander, for the purpose of exploring Baffin's Bay, and enquiring into the probability of a North-West Passage App.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas spectabilis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Somateria"],["402","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria fischeri","(Brandt, 1847)","Fuligulam (Lampronettam) Fischeri novam avium rossicarum speciem praemissis observationibus ad Fuligularum generis sectionum et subgenerum quorundam characteres et affinitates spectantibus descripsit p.18 pl.1","Spectacled Eider","Spectacled Eider","Spectacled Eider",null,null,"breeds north-central and northeastern Siberia from Lena Delta to Chukotka, and western and northern Alaska in Yukon Delta and Arctic Coastal Plain; winters polynyas (ice-free seas) between St. Lawrence and St. Matthew (northern Bering Sea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680412","speeid","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/speeid","avibase-7D8BF5CC",null,null,"St. Michael, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50132#page/22/mode/1up","Fuligula (Lampronetta) Fischeri"],["403","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria spectabilis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123","King Eider","King Eider","King Eider",null,null,"breeds coastal northern and central Greenland, Svalbard (north of Norway), Russia from east of the White Sea to Chukotka (northeastern Russia); Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, northern slope of Canada and associated Arctic islands; winters to Kamchatka (southeastern Russia) and Aleutians, Newfoundland (southeastern Canada), southern Greenland, Iceland, and northern Norway",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680409","kineid","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kineid","avibase-F3D74914",null,null,"Canada, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas spectabilis"],["404","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria mollissima","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124","Common Eider","Common Eider","Common Eider",null,null,"breeds central and southern coastal Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, northwestern Europe to Chukotka Peninsula (northeastern Russia), Alaska through Arctic Canada to Massachusetts (northeastern USA); winters to France, Kamchatka (southeastern Russia), Aleutians, and Long Island (New York)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680405","comeid","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comeid","avibase-B77377EE",null,null,"northern Europe; restricted to island of Gotland by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 41.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas mollissima"],["405","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria mollissima v-nigrum","Bonaparte & Gray, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.661",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Arctic coasts of northeastern Siberia to Alaska and southern British Columbia; winters to Bering Sea islands and Aleutians",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E44259F3",null,null,"Kotzebue Sound.","On a new Species of Somateria, and the Female of Lampronetta Fischeri, Brandt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/671/mode/1up","Somateria v. nigrum"],["406","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria mollissima borealis","(Brehm, 1824)","Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Europäischen Vögel 2 p.813",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Arctic Canada, Greenland, and Iceland to Franz Josef Land; winters from Iceland and southern Greenland to the Maritime Provinces (Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF913196",null,null,"coasts of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait and west coast of Greenland. Somateria Islandica C. L. Brehm, 1830, Isis von Oken, col. 998- Iceland.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=06Y-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA813&q=Somateria%20mollissima%20borealis#v=onepage&f=false","Platypus borealis"],["407","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria mollissima sedentaria","Snyder, 1941","Occasional papers of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology no.6 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"resident, coasts and islands of Hudson Bay to James Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-112DA7EB",null,null,"Churchill, Manitoba.","On the Hudson Bay Eider.",null,"Somateria mollissima sedentaria"],["408","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria mollissima dresseri","Sharpe, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.43 p.51 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Labrador to Maine; winters to Long Island, New York",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0A1A39E",null,null,"North America.","VI. On the American Eider Duck.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/65/mode/1up","Somateria Dresseri"],["409","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria mollissima faeroeensis","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.893",null,null,null,null,null,"resident, Faroe, Shetland, and Orkney islands, and Outer Hebrides (western Scotland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04B7BC19",null,null,"Faroes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/925/mode/1up","Somateria Faeroeensis"],["410","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Somateria mollissima mollissima","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coasts of northwestern Eurasia; winters to coastal southern France",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79DDC0E7",null,null,"northern Europe; restricted to island of Gotland by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 41.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas mollissima"],["411","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Histrionicus","Lesson, 1828","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas histrionica [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224580#page/425/mode/1up","Histrionicus"],["412","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Histrionicus histrionicus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.127","Harlequin Duck","Harlequin Duck","Harlequin Duck",null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia and northern Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu), Alaska southward to Oregon and Wyoming, eastern Canada (southeastern Baffin Island southward to the Gulf of St. Lawrence), Greenland, and Iceland; winters coastally from Siberia to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and Korean Peninsula, from Alaska to central California, to the northeastern USA, southern Greenland, and Iceland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680423","harduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harduc","avibase-BCBD2EAE",null,null,"America, restricted type locality, Newfoundland, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/145/mode/1up","Anas histrionica"],["413","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Melanitta","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.564",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas fusca [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p. 52).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/290/mode/1up","Melanitta"],["414","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Melanitta nigra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123","Common Scoter","Common Scoter","Common Scoter",null,null,"breeds southeastern Greenland, Iceland, Scotland, and northern and western Scandinavia to Olenyok River (north-central Siberia); winters to Baltic and North sea coasts, and eastern Atlantic coast to northwestern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724879","blksco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blksco1","avibase-24698199",null,null,"Lapland, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas nigra"],["415","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Melanitta americana","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.450","Black Scoter","Black Scoter","Black Scoter",null,null,"breeds Yana River to Kamchatka (eastern Siberia), Alaska eastward to northwestern Yukon; eastern Northwest Territories and southwestern Nunavut to Newfoundland (central to eastern Canada); winters to southern Japan; Aleutians, eastern North Pacific coast to central California; western North Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to northern Florida",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732425","blksco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blksco2","avibase-B7B1A5DD",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/622/mode/1up","Oidemia Americana"],["416","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Melanitta perspicillata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.125","Surf Scoter","Surf Scoter","Surf Scoter",null,null,"breeds mainland Alaska through subarctic Canada eastward to Labrador; winters eastern Aleutians to Baja California, and Prince Edward Island to North Carolina, less often northeastern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680441","sursco","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sursco","avibase-624078BA",null,null,"Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/143/mode/1up","Anas perspicillata"],["417","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Melanitta fusca","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123","Velvet Scoter","Velvet Scoter","Velvet Scoter",null,null,"breeds northern Europe from Norway to Yenisey River (central Siberia) and northeastern Kazakhstan, also Türkiye and Georgia; winters to Baltic Sea, Denmark, and eastern coast of Britain",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724836","whwsco3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwsco3","avibase-BAF44E36",null,null,"'Oceano Europaeo'; restricted to coast of Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 39.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/141/mode/1up","Anas fusca"],["418","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Melanitta deglandi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Revue critique de l'ornithologie européenne de M. le Docteur Degland (de Lille) p.108","White-winged Scoter","White-winged Scoter","White-winged Scoter",null,null,"breeds subarctic western Alaska to eastern shore of James Bay (east-central Canada); winters Aleutians to central California (eastern North Pacific coast); and Gulf of St. Lawrence to New Jersey, less often off northeastern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734194","whwsco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwsco2","avibase-4800D6B6",null,null,"North America.",null,null,"Oedemia deglandi"],["419","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Melanitta stejnegeri","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.112","Stejneger's Scoter","Stejneger's Scoter","Siberian Scoter",null,null,"breeds Yenisey Basin to Kamchatka (central and eastern Siberia), northeastern Kazakhstan, and northern and western Mongolia; winters to Kuril and Commander islands (southeastern Russia), coasts of Japan (Hokkaido to southern Honshu), and eastern Korean Peninsula (northeastern Pacific)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724845","whwsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwsco1","avibase-1A601D86",null,null,"Kamchatka to Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/134/mode/1up","Oidemia stejnegeri"],["420","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Bucephala","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xxiii,L,788,795",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas albeola [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Bucephala"],["421","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Bucephala albeola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124","Bufflehead","Bufflehead","Bufflehead",null,null,"breeds subarctic west-central Alaska and Canada eastward to eastern Quebec and (locally) northwestern and north-central USA; winters to central Mexico and northern Florida, less often northern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680462","buffle","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buffle","avibase-FB738385",null,null,"America = Newfoundland, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas Albeola"],["422","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Bucephala islandica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.541","Barrow's Goldeneye","Barrow's Goldeneye","Barrow's Goldeneye",null,null,"breeds central Alaska southward to Oregon (formerly to northern California) and Wyoming; also in eastern Canada and Iceland; winters from southern Alaska to California and Wyoming, from the Maritime Provinces (Canada) southward to northeastern USA, and Iceland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680459","bargol","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bargol","avibase-9456DEDF",null,null,"Iceland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/42/mode/1up","Anas islandica"],["423","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Bucephala clangula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.125","Common Goldeneye","Common Goldeneye","Common Goldeneye",null,null,"breeds subarctic from Scotland and Scandinavia to Sakhalin and Kamchatka (southeastern Russia), in south through northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and Heilongjiang (northeastern China); western Alaskan mainland to Labrador and New Brunswick, in south through northern tier of contiguous USA; winters to southern Europe, eastern China, and middle tier of USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680455","comgol","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comgol","avibase-68EA281A",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 43.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/143/mode/1up","Anas Clangula"],["424","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Bucephala clangula clangula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eurasia; winters to Mediterranean, Persian Gulf, and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42F5CED3",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 43.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/143/mode/1up","Anas Clangula"],["425","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Bucephala clangula americana","(Bonaparte, 1838)","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern North America; winters to California and Florida (southern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B3A63C3",null,null,"America; restricted type locality eastern United States.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/70/mode/1up","Clangula Americana"],["426","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergellus","Selby, 1840","A catalogue of the generic and sub-generic types of the class Aves, birds, arranged according to the natural system; with separate lists, distinguishing the various quarters of the globe in which they are to be procured p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mergus albellus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Mergellus"],["427","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergellus albellus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.129","Smew","Smew","Smew",null,null,"breeds northern Eurasia; winters to North Africa, India, and eastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680465","smew","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smew","avibase-F1F52036",null,null,"Europe; restricted to the Mediterranean near Smyrna by the reference to Hasselquist's journey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/147/mode/1up","Mergus Albellus"],["428","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Lophodytes","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.ix.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mergus cucullatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/77/mode/1up","Lophodytes"],["429","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Lophodytes cucullatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.129","Hooded Merganser","Hooded Merganser","Hooded Merganser",null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska to northwestern USA, southern Manitoba to Nova Scotia (central and southeastern Canada) southward to eastern Texas and northern Florida; winters to southern California, southern Texas, and southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680472","hoomer","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoomer","avibase-60E6081E",null,null,"America = Virginia and Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/147/mode/1up","Mergus cucullatus"],["430","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mergus castor [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p. 76). = Mergus serrator Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/147/mode/1up","Mergus"],["431","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus serrator","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.129","Red-breasted Merganser","Red-breasted Merganser","Red-breasted Merganser",null,null,"breeds southern Greenland, Iceland, northern British Isles, and Scandinavia to Sakhalin and Kamchatka peninsulas, and Kuril and Commander islands (southeastern Russia), in south through northern Kazakhstan and northeastern China; western Alaska mainland through mainland Canada from Arctic to northern Great Lakes and eastward to Nova Scotia; winters to coasts of southern Europe, Black and Caspian seas, Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), Korean Peninsula, and eastern China, and to west-central Mexico, Gulf Coast, and Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680485","rebmer","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebmer","avibase-8DB64266",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 48.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/147/mode/1up","Mergus Serrator"],["432","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus squamatus","Gould, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.184","Scaly-sided Merganser","Scaly-sided Merganser","Scaly-sided Merganser",null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia, Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China; winters southern Japan to southern China",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680488","scsmer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scsmer1","avibase-561D77FF",null,null,"China.","Description of a New Species of the Genus Mergus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/238/mode/1up","Mergus squamatus"],["433","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus octosetaceus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.222","Brazilian Merganser","Brazilian Merganser","Brazilian Merganser",null,null,"forest rivers, now mostly in a few sites in southeastern Brazil, at least formerly also in Paraguay and Misiones (northeastern Argentina); rare",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680482","bramer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bramer1","avibase-9DAC1E8B",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/236/mode/1up","Mergus octosetaceus"],["434","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus australis","Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.320","New Zealand Merganser","Auckland Islands Merganser","New Zealand Merganser",null,null,"formerly Auckland Islands; extinct, last reported 1902","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680496","auimer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auimer1","avibase-EDDA42ED",null,null,"Auckland Islands.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/328/mode/1up","Mergus australis"],["435","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus merganser","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.129","Common Merganser","Common Merganser","Goosander",null,null,"breeds Iceland, northern and central Europe, subarctic Russia through northeastern Kazakhstan, and northeastern Afghanistan through Tibet and western China, northern Mongolia to Kamchatka, Hokkaido (northern Japan) and northeastern China; southwestern Alaska mainland through subarctic Canada to Newfoundland, southward through western USA and to northern Great Lakes; winters to central Europe and eastern China, and to southern California and Maryland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680492","commer","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/commer","avibase-407E2CA8",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 47",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/147/mode/1up","Mergus Merganser"],["436","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus merganser merganser","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland, northern and central Europe, subarctic Russia eastward through northeastern Kazakhstan and northern Mongolia to Kamchatka, Hokkaido, and northeastern China; winters in southern Eurasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40A68789",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 47",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/147/mode/1up","Mergus Merganser"],["437","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus merganser orientalis","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.143 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Afghanistan to Tibet and southern China; winters to India and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AE444B9",null,null,"Amoy, China.","On three new Species of Birds from China ; and on a small Mammal and new Grallatorial Bird from Western Australia'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/215/mode/1up","Mergus Orientalis"],["438","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mergus merganser americanus","Cassin, 1852","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern and central Alaska eastward to eastern Canada and southward to northern California, Colorado, and the north-central and northeastern USA; winters southern Alaska and Maritime Provinces (Canada) southward to north-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADC4A445",null,null,"North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/209/mode/1up","Mergus americanus"],["439","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Sarkidiornis","Eyton, 1838","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.20",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anser melanotos [Pennant, 1769]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Sarkidiornis"],["440","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Sarkidiornis melanotos","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.12 pl.11","Knob-billed Duck","Knob-billed Duck","Knob-billed Duck",null,null,"tropical Africa and Madagascar; disjunctly India to southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45953631","comduc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comduc2","avibase-3948131B",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/18/mode/1up","Anser melanotos"],["441","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Sarkidiornis sylvicola","Ihering & Ihering, 1907","Catálogos da fauna brazileira 1 p.72,408","Comb Duck","Comb Duck","Comb Duck",null,null,"tropical South America (east of the Andes) to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724744","comduc3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comduc3","avibase-6C8A4060",null,null,"Iguape, São Paulo, Brazil, and Buenos Aires, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45597#page/458/mode/1up","Sarkidiornis sylvicola"],["442","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Hymenolaimus","Gray, 1843","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.11, no.71 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas malacorhynchos [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19570#page/396/mode/1up","Hymenolaimus"],["443","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.526","Blue Duck","Blue Duck","Blue Duck",null,null,"central and southern North Island and western South Island (New Zealand)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680121","bluduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluduc1","avibase-C7FB4E76",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/27/mode/1up","Anas malacorhynchos"],["444","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos malacorhynchos","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.526",null,null,null,null,null,"mountain rivers of western South Island, New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A5D4DE6",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/27/mode/1up","Anas malacorhynchos"],["445","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos hymenolaimus","Mathews, 1937","The Emu 37 p.32.",null,null,null,"2025-0079","Taxon <em>hymenolaimus </em>is recognized as a subspecies of <em>Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos</em> based on differences in mitochondrial DNA (Robertson et al. 2007a) and plumage (Marchant &amp; Higgins 1990).","mountain rivers of central and northeastern North Island, New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AF514E7",null,null,"North Island, New Zealand","Notes of New Zealand Ducks","https://www.publish.csiro.au/MU/pdf/MU937031","Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos hymenolaimus"],["446","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chenonetta","Brandt, 1836","Descriptiones et icones animalium rossicorum novorum vel minus rite cognitorum. Aves, Fasc. 1 fasc.1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anser lophotus [von Brandt, 1836]; type by monotypy = Anas jubata Latham, 1801",null,null,null,"Chenonetta"],["447","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Chenonetta jubata","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxix","Maned Duck","Maned Duck","Maned Duck",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania (but not western deserts or Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680111","manduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manduc1","avibase-149A8E7E",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/75/mode/1up","Anas jubata"],["448","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cyanochen","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.648",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bernicla cyanoptera [Rüppell, 1845]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/660/mode/1up","Cyanochen"],["449","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Cyanochen cyanoptera","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.129 pl.47","Blue-winged Goose","Blue-winged Goose","Blue-winged Goose",null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679961","buwgoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwgoo1","avibase-842CC0BC",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/143/mode/1up","Bernicla cyanoptera"],["450","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Pteronetta","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Querquedula hartlaubii [Cassin, 1860]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/85/mode/1up","Pteronetta"],["451","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Pteronetta hartlaubii","(Cassin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.175","Hartlaub's Duck","Hartlaub's Duck","Hartlaub's Duck",null,null,"local in forest streams of equatorial western and central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680070","harduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harduc1","avibase-F28E3EB8",null,null,"Camma River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/193/mode/1up","Querquedula Hartlaubii"],["452","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Marmaronetta","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.ix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas angustirostris [Ménétriés, 1832]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/77/mode/1up","Marmaronetta"],["453","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Marmaronetta angustirostris","(Ménétries, 1832)","Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.58","Marbled Duck","Marbled Duck","Marbled Duck",null,null,"Canary Islands and Mediterranean basin to far southwestern China",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680339","martea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/martea1","avibase-6362936E",null,null,"Lenkoran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110503#page/68/mode/1up","Anas angustirostris"],["454","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Asarcornis","Salvadori, 1895","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 27 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas scutulata [Müller, S, 1842]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34500#page/81/mode/1up","Asarcornis"],["455","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Asarcornis scutulata","(Müller, 1842)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.159","White-winged Duck","White-winged Duck","White-winged Duck",null,null,"northeastern India to southeastern Asia (rare), Sumatra, and (formerly) Java",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680064","whwduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwduc1","avibase-FDB6503B",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/175/mode/1up","Anas scutulata"],["456","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Rhodonessa","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.ix",null,null,null,null,null,null,"(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas caryophyllacea [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/77/mode/1up","Rhodonessa"],["457","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Rhodonessa caryophyllacea","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.866","Pink-headed Duck","Pink-headed Duck","Pink-headed Duck",null,null,"formerly India and Myanmar; probably extinct, last reported 1935","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680344","pihduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pihduc1","avibase-8D0294E1",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/406/mode/1up","Anas caryophyllacea"],["458","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Netta","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.102",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas rufina [Pallas, 1773]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/130/mode/1up","Netta"],["459","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Netta rufina","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.713","Red-crested Pochard","Red-crested Pochard","Red-crested Pochard",null,null,"breeds from Europe (Iberian Peninsula northward to southern Denmark and Poland) eastward to central Asia (northwestern China and western Mongolia); somewhat local in Europe, more widespread to east; resident in southwestern Europe; elsewhere, winters from eastern Mediterranean eastward to northern and central India, south-central China, northern Myanmar, and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680348","recpoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recpoc","avibase-3EC2CDA9",null,null,"Caspian Sea and lakes of the Tartarian Desert.",null,null,"Anas rufina"],["460","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Netta erythrophthalma","(Wied-Neuwied, 1833)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 4, pt.2 p.929","Southern Pochard","Southern Pochard","Southern Pochard",null,null,"eastern and southern Africa; disjunctly tropical South America, mainly eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680354","soupoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soupoc1","avibase-36C0242E",null,null,"Lagoa do Brago, Villa de Belmonte, eastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21140#page/947/mode/1up","Anas erythrophthalma"],["461","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Netta erythrophthalma brunnea","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.161 pl.[23]",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily distributed Sudan and Ethiopia southward to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0331C538",null,null,"Southern Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/223/mode/1up","Nyroca brunnea"],["462","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Netta erythrophthalma erythrophthalma","(Wied-Neuwied, 1833)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 4, pt.2 p.929",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern South America (rare) and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBD16E00",null,null,"Lagoa do Brago, Villa de Belmonte, eastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21140#page/947/mode/1up","Anas erythrophthalma"],["463","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Netta peposaca","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.132","Rosy-billed Pochard","Rosy-billed Pochard","Rosy-billed Pochard",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil to southern Argentina and Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680351","robpoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robpoc1","avibase-03A3B616",null,null,"Paraguay and Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/152/mode/1up","Anas peposaca"],["464","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya","Boie, 1822","Tagebuch gehalten auf einer Reise durch Norwegen im Jahre 1817 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas marila [Linnaeus, 1761]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Aythya"],["465","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya nyroca","(Güldenstädt, 1770)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14 p.403","Ferruginous Duck","Ferruginous Duck","Ferruginous Duck",null,null,"breeds discontinuously through southern Palearctic, from Spain through northeastern China; winters to India, southeastern Asia, eastern China, and southern Japan (central Honshu to Kyushu)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680373","ferduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferduc","avibase-7CF91527",null,null,"regionibus Tanaicensibus; southern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113648#page/467/mode/1up","Anas nyroca"],["466","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya innotata","(Salvadori, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.2","Madagascar Pochard","Madagascar Pochard","Madagascar Pochard",null,null,"Lac Alaotra and Lac Matsaborimena (north-central and northwestern Madagascar, respectively); thought extinct until rediscovered at Lac Matsaborimena in 2006",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680380","madpoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madpoc1","avibase-691757FF",null,null,"Betsileo, Madagascar.","[Some remarks on the Ducks of the genera Anas and Nyroca].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/228/mode/1up","Nyroca innotata"],["467","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya baeri","(Radde, 1863)","Reisen im Süden von Ost-Sibirien in den Jahren 1855-1859 (etc.) (2), 2 p.376 pl.15","Baer's Pochard","Baer's Pochard","Baer's Pochard",null,null,"breeds northeastern Asia; winters to southern Japan (southern Honshu to Kyushu), southern China and southeastern Asia (now rare everywhere)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680384","baepoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baepoc1","avibase-750FE708",null,null,"Southeast Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50507#page/390/mode/1up","Anas (Fuligula) Baeri"],["468","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya australis","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.160","Hardhead","Hardhead","Hardhead","2025-0081","Taxon <em>extima </em>is treated as a synonym of <em>Aythya australis</em>, as the evidentiary basis for recognition as a subspecies is weak.","Australia including Tasmania, Vanuatu (Banks Islands to Tanna), eastern Lesser Sundas, and southern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680387","wheduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wheduc1","avibase-ABEF107C",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/220/mode/1up","Nyroca australis"],["469","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya ferina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.126","Common Pochard","Common Pochard","Common Pochard",null,null,"Palearctic, breeding British Isles and southern Scandinavia eastward through east-central Russia, in south from Iberian Peninsula and Türkiye eastward through northeastern China and northern Japan (northern Hokkaido, rare); winters to tropical Africa and India eastward to Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands) and southward to the northern Philippines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680358","compoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compoc","avibase-A96692E0",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 45.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/144/mode/1up","Anas ferina"],["470","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya valisineria","(Wilson, 1814)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 8 p.103 pl.70 fig.5","Canvasback","Canvasback","Canvasback",null,null,"breeds North America from northern Alaska and western Canada southward through northern California, southern Colorado, and Minnesota (USA); winters to central Mexico, less often to central Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680364","canvas","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/canvas","avibase-1929E1E1",null,null,"eastern United States.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175758#page/123/mode/1up","Anas valisineria"],["471","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya collaris","(Donovan, 1809)","The natural history of British birds, or, A selection of the most rare, beautiful and interesting birds which inhabit this country 6 pl.147,text","Ring-necked Duck","Ring-necked Duck","Ring-necked Duck",null,null,"breeds Alaska to southern USA; winters to Panama and southern Lesser Antilles, less often to central Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680370","rinduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinduc","avibase-0783A7EA",null,null,"Lincolnshire, England, from specimen found in Leadenhall Market, London.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/136217#page/107/mode/1up","Anas collaris"],["472","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya americana","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.155","Redhead","Redhead","Redhead",null,null,"breeds Alaska to southern USA; winters to Guatemala and Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680367","redhea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redhea","avibase-3072CC16",null,null,"North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/215/mode/1up","Fuligula americana"],["473","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya fuligula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.128","Tufted Duck","Tufted Duck","Tufted Duck",null,null,"breeds northern Palearctic from Iceland eastward to Kamchatka, southward to central Europe, Mongolia, and northern Japan (northern Hokkaido, rare); winters to northern Africa and southern and southeastern Asia including Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680391","tufduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tufduc","avibase-67CEA1C1",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 47.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/146/mode/1up","Anas fuligula"],["474","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.541","New Zealand Scaup","New Zealand Scaup","New Zealand Scaup",null,null,"North and South islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680395","nezsca1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezsca1","avibase-3C157679",null,null,"New Zealand = Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand, fide G. Forster, 1777, Voyage World, 1, p. 168.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/42/mode/1up","Anas novoe Seelandioe"],["475","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya affinis","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.157","Lesser Scaup","Lesser Scaup","Lesser Scaup",null,null,"breeds North America from northern Alaska and western Canada southward through northern California, southern Colorado, and Minnesota (USA); winters to Hawaiian Islands, the Caribbean, and northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680402","lessca","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessca","avibase-50566E50",null,null,"North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/217/mode/1up","Fuligula affinis"],["476","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya marila","(Linnaeus, 1761)","Fauna svecica, sistens animalia Sveciæ regni mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes. Editio altera p.39","Greater Scaup","Greater Scaup","Greater Scaup",null,null,"breeds subarctic from Iceland and Scandinavia to Kamchatka and the Commander Islands (southeastern Russia), and Alaska eastward to northern Quebec (eastern Canada); winters to coasts of northwestern and east-central Europe, Black and Caspian seas, eastern China, Korean Peninsula, Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), and Taiwan, and central California, Great Lakes, and North Carolina (southwestern to east-central USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680398","gresca","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gresca","avibase-25C94A8F",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333#page/97/mode/1up","Anas Marila"],["477","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya marila marila","(Linnaeus, 1761)","Fauna svecica, sistens animalia Sveciæ regni mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes. Editio altera p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds subarctic from Iceland and Scandinavia eastward to Lena River (north-central Siberia); winters to coasts of northwestern and east-central Europe (eastern North Atlantic), and Black and Caspian seas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2418EE25",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333#page/97/mode/1up","Anas Marila"],["478","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Aythya marila nearctica","Stejneger, 1885","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 29 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Lena River (north-central Siberia) eastward to Kamchatka and the Commander Islands; Alaska eastward to northern Quebec; winters Japan and Korean Peninsula to eastern China and Taiwan, central California, Great Lakes, and Atlantic coast southward to North Carolina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28F21DB4",null,null,"Nearctic Region.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32830#page/167/mode/1up","Aythya marila nearctica"],["479","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Salvadorina","Rothschild & Hartert, 1894","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.4 p.683",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Salvadorina waigiuensis [Rothschild & Hartert, E, 1894]; type by monotypy",null,"Salvadorina waigiuensis gen. nov. et sp. nov.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/727/mode/1up","Salvadorina"],["480","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Salvadorina waigiuensis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1894","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.4 p.683","Salvadori's Teal","Salvadori's Teal","Salvadori's Teal",null,null,"mountain streams of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680127","saltea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saltea1","avibase-A9FC6BC0",null,null,"Waigiu.","Salvadorina waigiuensis gen. nov. et sp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/727/mode/1up","Salvadorina waigiuensis"],["481","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Lophonetta","Riley, 1914","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 27 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas cristata [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Anas specularioides P.P. King, 1828",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/245864#page/122/mode/1up","Lophonetta"],["482","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Lophonetta specularioides","(King, 1828)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.98","Crested Duck","Crested Duck","Crested Duck",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru to southern South America through Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680130","creduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creduc1","avibase-079F846A",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/110/mode/1up","Anas specularioides"],["483","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Lophonetta specularioides alticola","(Ménégaux, 1909)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (10), 1 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru and Bolivia to northwestern Argentina and Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E621F1A7",null,null,"Lake Poopo, Bolivia.","Étude d'une collection d'oiseaux provenant des hauts plateaux de la Bolivie et du Pérou méridional.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99524#page/246/mode/1up","Anas cristata alticola"],["484","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Lophonetta specularioides specularioides","(King, 1828)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-683186F6",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/110/mode/1up","Anas specularioides"],["485","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Speculanas","Boetticher, 1929","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band2, no.1 p.14,15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas specularis [King, PP, 1828]; type by original designation",null,"Kritische Betrachtungen Uber Anatiden","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Anzeiger-Ornith-Ges-Bayerns_2_1_0010-0015.pdf","Speculanas"],["486","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Speculanas specularis","(King, 1828)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.98","Bronze-winged Duck","Spectacled Duck","Spectacled Duck",null,null,"breeds mainly forested regions of southern Chile and Argentina; some winter northward to central Chile and Argentina, or to non-freezing waterbodies at low elevations",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680136","speduc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/speduc2","avibase-DB94B36F",null,null,"Straits of Magellan. Andes of Chile and Argentina from lat. 40° S. to the Straits of Magellan.","X. Extracts from a Letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [Concluded from Vol. III. p. 432.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/110/mode/1up","Anas specularis"],["487","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Amazonetta","Boetticher, 1929","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band2 no.1 p.12,15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas brasiliensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,"Kritische Betrachtungen Uber Anatiden","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Anzeiger-Ornith-Ges-Bayerns_2_1_0010-0015.pdf","Amazonetta"],["488","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Amazonetta brasiliensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.517","Brazilian Teal","Brazilian Teal","Brazilian Teal",null,null,"smaller lowland wetlands, mostly in wooded areas, of cis-Andean South America from east-central Colombia east throughout Brazil and southward to northwestern and east-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680115","bratea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bratea1","avibase-DDFC6B2B",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/18/mode/1up","Anas brasiliensis"],["489","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Amazonetta brasiliensis brasiliensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.517",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Colombia eastward through Venezuela to northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84C6837B",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/18/mode/1up","Anas brasiliensis"],["490","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Amazonetta brasiliensis ipecutiri","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia eastward through southeastern Brazil and southward to northwestern and east-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7434B21D",null,null,"Argentina, south of Buenos Aires; cf. Zimmer and Mayr, 1943, Auk, 60, pp. 250-251.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/140/mode/1up","Anas ipecutiri"],["491","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tachyeres","Owen, 1875","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.3 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anas brachyptera [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/330/mode/1up","Tachyeres"],["492","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tachyeres brachypterus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.834","Falkland Steamer Duck","Falkland Steamer-Duck","Falkland Steamerduck",null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680047","falstd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/falstd1","avibase-13CF7E44",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/374/mode/1up","Anas brachyptera"],["493","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tachyeres pteneres","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.338-340","Fuegian Steamer Duck","Flightless Steamer-Duck","Magellanic Steamerduck",null,null,"southern South America, from southern Chile (north to Llanquihue) southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680033","flistd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flistd1","avibase-1891E2C4",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/360/mode/1up","Anas pteneres"],["494","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tachyeres patachonicus","(King, 1828)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.100","Flying Steamer Duck","Flying Steamer-Duck","Flying Steamerduck","2025-0006","The Falkland Islands are retained in the range circumscription of <em>Tachyeres patachonicus</em> based on morphological and genetic evidence that it occurs there. Although Fulton et al. (2012), using mitochondrial DNA, suggested that flighted birds on the Falkland Islands were <em>T. brachypterus</em>, with flight ability a polymorphic trait, genomic data (Campagna et al. 2019) confirmed the presence of both species with the <em>patachonicus</em> genomes showing evidence of introgression from <em>brachypterus</em>; further research would be informative.","southern Chile (northward to Maule) and southern Argentina (northward to Neuquén and southern Buenos Aires); scarce Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680052","flystd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flystd1","avibase-B3F9BB06",null,null,"Strait of Magellan.","Exhibition of several new species of birds belonging to the collection brought home from the Straits of Magellan by Captain King.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/112/mode/1up","Oidemia Patachonica"],["495","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Tachyeres leucocephalus","Humphrey & Thompson, 1981","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas no.95 p.1-12","Chubut Steamer Duck","White-headed Steamer-Duck","White-headed Steamerduck",null,null,"coastal Chubut Province (south-central Argentina)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680038","whhstd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhstd1","avibase-63180090",null,null,"Puerto Melo, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina, 45 01' S, 65 51' W","A new species of steamer-duck (Tachyeres) from Argentina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24819#page/687/mode/1up","Tachyeres leucocephalus"],["496","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Sibirionetta","Boetticher, 1929","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band2 no.1 p.11,15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas formosa [Georgi, 1775]; type by original designation",null,"Kritische Betrachtungen Uber Anatiden","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Anzeiger-Ornith-Ges-Bayerns_2_1_0010-0015.pdf","Sibirionetta"],["497","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Sibirionetta formosa","(Georgi, 1775)","Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772 p.168","Baikal Teal","Baikal Teal","Baikal Teal",null,null,"breeds in northern and eastern Siberia; winters Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), Korean Peninsula, and eastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680317","baitea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baitea","avibase-63EABB42",null,null,"Lake Baïcal.",null,null,"Anas formosa"],["498","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.564.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas clypeata [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/290/mode/1up","Spatula"],["499","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula querquedula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.126","Garganey","Garganey","Garganey",null,null,"breeds Palearctic (except north); winters to central Africa through Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680313","gargan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gargan","avibase-F577BA0F",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 45.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/144/mode/1up","Anas Querquedula"],["500","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula hottentota","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.129","Blue-billed Teal","Blue-billed Teal","Blue-billed Teal",null,null,"local in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680332","hottea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hottea1","avibase-FA831F65",null,null,"western coast of South Africa, near Orange River, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/189/mode/1up","Querquedula hottentota"],["501","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula puna","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.315","Puna Teal","Puna Teal","Puna Teal",null,null,"Andes of Peru to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680326","puntea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puntea1","avibase-86B0BAFA",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/323/mode/1up","Anas Puna"],["502","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula versicolor","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.109","Silver Teal","Silver Teal","Silver Teal",null,null,"southern Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil southward to southern Chile and southern Argentina and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680329","siltea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siltea1","avibase-C8F1E992",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/129/mode/1up","Anas versicolor"],["503","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula versicolor versicolor","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil southward to central Chile and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B99CB987",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/129/mode/1up","Anas versicolor"],["504","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula versicolor fretensis","(King, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile, southern Argentina, and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A75098AC",null,null,"Strait of Magellan.","Exhibition of several new species of birds belonging to the collection brought home from the Straits of Magellan by Captain King.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/29/mode/1up","Anas fretensis"],["505","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula platalea","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.157","Red Shoveler","Red Shoveler","Red Shoveler",null,null,"southern Peru eastward to southern Brazil and southward to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680240","redsho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redsho1","avibase-CEFACC86",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/177/mode/1up","Anas platalea"],["506","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula discors","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.205","Blue-winged Teal","Blue-winged Teal","Blue-winged Teal",null,null,"breeds North America (except Arctic and western Alaska), mostly in central prairie regions; winters northern Mexico to Caribbean and coastal northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680229","buwtea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwtea","avibase-90E2543E",null,null,"North America = Virginia or Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/209/mode/1up","Anas discors"],["507","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula cyanoptera","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.104","Cinnamon Teal","Cinnamon Teal","Cinnamon Teal",null,null,"western North America from British Colombia southward to northwestern Mexico; disjunctly western and southern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680233","cintea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cintea","avibase-0E599E6C",null,null,"Río de la Plata and Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/124/mode/1up","Anas cyanoptera"],["508","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula cyanoptera septentrionalium","(Snyder & Lumsden, 1951)","Occasional papers of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology no.10 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Columbia to northwestern Mexico; winters to northwestern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F7D8689",null,null,"2 miles south of Jensen, Utah.","Variation in Anas cyanoptera.",null,"Anas cyanoptera septentrionalium"],["509","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula cyanoptera tropica","(Snyder & Lumsden, 1951)","Occasional papers of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology no.10 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Cauca and Magdalena valleys of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AE45D59",null,null,"Villa Vijes, Valle de Cauca, Colombia; tropical zone, below 3,000 feet.","Variation in Anas cyanoptera.",null,"Anas cyanoptera tropica"],["510","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula cyanoptera borreroi","(Snyder & Lumsden, 1951)","Occasional papers of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology no.10 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-851E570F",null,null,"Sebundoy, Colombia; altitude about 9,000 feet.","Variation in Anas cyanoptera.",null,"Anas cyanoptera borreroi"],["511","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula cyanoptera orinoma","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"altiplano of Peru and Bolivia to northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-940EAF93",null,null,"Puna, Lake Titicaca, Peru.","Description of a new Querquedula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/129/mode/1up","Querquedula orinomus"],["512","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula cyanoptera cyanoptera","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru and southern Brazil to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBDAC25B",null,null,"Río de la Plata and Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/124/mode/1up","Anas cyanoptera"],["513","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula smithii","Hartert, 1891","Katalog der Vogelsammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main p.231,note","Cape Shoveler","Cape Shoveler","Cape Shoveler",null,null,"local in southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680236","capsho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capsho1","avibase-4670CF43",null,null,"Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30315#page/261/mode/1up","Spatula smithii"],["514","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula clypeata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124","Northern Shoveler","Northern Shoveler","Northern Shoveler",null,null,"breeds Holarctic (except Arctic); winters through eastern Africa, southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, Philippines, the Caribbean, and Central America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680247","norsho","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norsho","avibase-ED4CE8E7",null,null,"coasts of Europe; restricted to southern Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 42.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas clypeata"],["515","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula rhynchotis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxx","Australasian Shoveler","Australasian Shoveler","Australasian Shoveler",null,null,"southern Australia including Tasmania, and North and South islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680243","aussho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aussho1","avibase-A21E7645",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/76/mode/1up","Anas Rhynchotis"],["516","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula rhynchotis rhynchotis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxx",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Australia, including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18BD2A10",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/76/mode/1up","Anas Rhynchotis"],["517","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Spatula rhynchotis variegata","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.306 p.95",null,null,null,"2025-0074","Taxon <em>variegata </em>is recognized as a subspecies of <em>Spatula rhynchotis</em> based on variation in male breeding plumage.","New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBA04F69",null,null,"New Zealand.","On Two New Species of Birds (Nestor notabilis and Spatula variegata) from the Collection of Walter Mantell, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/131/mode/1up","Spatula variegata"],["518","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca","Stephens, 1824","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 12, pt2 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Mareca fistularis [Stephens]; type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p. 33). = Anas penelope Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64423#page/170/mode/1up","Mareca"],["519","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca falcata","(Georgi, 1775)","Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772 p.167","Falcated Duck","Falcated Duck","Falcated Duck",null,null,"breeds Mongolia, eastern Siberia, northeastern China, and northern Japan (northern Hokkaido); winters sparingly from northern plains of India to southern and eastern China, South Korea, and Japan (Honshu to northern Ryukyu Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680153","falduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/falduc","avibase-978D4485",null,null,"Lake Baykal.",null,null,"Anas falcata"],["520","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca strepera","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.125","Gadwall","Gadwall","Gadwall",null,null,"breeds temperate Holarctic; winters to northern Africa, southern Asia, and southern Mexico; formerly Line Islands, where extinct since c. 1874",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680149","gadwal","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gadwal","avibase-C235A4D7",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 43.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/143/mode/1up","Anas strepera"],["521","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca strepera strepera","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Eurasia from Britain through southeastern Russia, northeastern China, northern Japan (northern Hokkaido), and southern Canada through the central USA; winters south through northern Africa, India to southeastern China, and to central Mexico and Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9227AE60",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 43.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/143/mode/1up","Anas strepera"],["522","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca strepera couesi","(Streets, 1876)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Fanning Islands (central Pacific); extinct c. 1874","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-8733A659",null,null,"Washington Island, Fanning Group. [Teraina, Kiribati]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67006#page/62/mode/1up","Chaulelasmus couesi"],["523","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca marecula","(Olson & Jouventin, 1996)","The Condor 98, no.1 p.1-9","Amsterdam Wigeon","Amsterdam Duck","Amsterdam Duck",null,null,"formerly Amsterdam and St. Paul islands; extinct, last reported 1793","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728666","amsduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amsduc1","avibase-B52611C1",null,null,"Amsterdam Island, Southern Indian Ocean. Collected by J. Martinez in November 1983","A New Species of Small Flightless Duck from Amsterdam Island, Southern Indian Ocean (Anatidae: Anas)","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol98/iss1/1/","Anas marecula"],["524","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca penelope","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.126","Eurasian Wigeon","Eurasian Wigeon","Eurasian Wigeon",null,null,"breeds northern and central Eurasia; winters to northern Africa and southern and southeastern Asia; frequent vagrant to North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680157","eurwig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurwig","avibase-15EE0D36",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/144/mode/1up","Anas Penelope"],["525","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca americana","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.526","American Wigeon","American Wigeon","American Wigeon",null,null,"breeds Alaska to southern USA; winters through Central America and the Caribbean, more rarely to southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680163","amewig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amewig","avibase-D201EB72",null,null,"Louisiana and New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/27/mode/1up","Anas americana"],["526","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Mareca sibilatrix","(Poeppig, 1829)","Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde 25 col.10","Chiloe Wigeon","Chiloe Wigeon","Chiloe Wigeon",null,null,"breeds southern and central Chile and Argentina and Falkland Islands; winters northward to southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680167","chiwig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiwig1","avibase-0B8AF41F",null,null,"Talcahuano, Concepcion, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47001#page/17/mode/1up","Anas sibilatrix"],["527","genus","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anas boschas [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2, p. 417). = Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/140/mode/1up","Anas"],["528","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas sparsa","Eyton, 1838","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.142","African Black Duck","African Black Duck","African Black Duck",null,null,"mainly riverine habitats of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680170","afbduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afbduc1","avibase-1EAFAD9F",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/202/mode/1up","Anas sparsa"],["529","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas sparsa leucostigma","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.130,138 pl.48",null,null,null,null,null,"mostly rivers and streams of western equatorial Africa; disjunctly Ethiopia and Sudan to Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F84F7AE",null,null,"southern Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/144/mode/1up","Anas leucostigma"],["530","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas sparsa sparsa","Eyton, 1838","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"mostly rivers and streams of southern Africa (south of Zimbabwe)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D42E2DD4",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/202/mode/1up","Anas sparsa"],["531","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas melleri","Sclater, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.487 pl.34","Meller's Duck","Meller's Duck","Meller's Duck",null,null,"freshwater bodies on high plateau and forested country of central and eastern Madagascar; introduced in western Mauritius",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680225","melduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melduc1","avibase-9BA03AF9",null,null,"Madagascar.","Description of a New Species of Duck from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/579/mode/1up","Anas melleri"],["532","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas undulata","Dubois, 1839","Ornithologische Gallerie, oder Abbildungen aller bekannten Vögel 1 p.119","Yellow-billed Duck","Yellow-billed Duck","Yellow-billed Duck",null,null,"freshwater habitats and brackish coastal lagoons, disjunctly in eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, in South Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia southward through eastern Africa, and widespread in southern Africa from Angola to Malawi and southward through South Africa, but local in deserts of southwestern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680221","yebduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebduc1","avibase-7F64AD87",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,null,"Anas undulata"],["533","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas undulata ruppelli","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, and eastern South Sudan to northern Uganda (now extirpated?) and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-526DAC6D",null,null,"Central Africa = inner northeast Africa.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/309/mode/1up","Anas Ruppelli"],["534","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas undulata undulata","Dubois, 1839","Ornithologische Gallerie, oder Abbildungen aller bekannten Vögel 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"local from Kenya and Uganda to Angola and South Africa; also local in eastern Nigeria and central Cameroon (but subspecies of this disjunct population not certain)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0965D043",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,null,"Anas undulata"],["535","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas luzonica","Fraser, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.79 p.113","Philippine Duck","Philippine Duck","Philippine Duck",null,null,"Philippines (except Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680214","phiduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phiduc1","avibase-9AA3E5C2",null,null,"Luzon.","Descriptions of two New Species of Birds from the Island of Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/643/mode/1up","Anas Luzonica"],["536","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas superciliosa","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.537","Pacific Black Duck","Pacific Black Duck","Pacific Black Duck",null,null,"Indonesia from Sumatra east through southwestern Pacific",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680217","pabduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabduc1","avibase-07479AD9",null,null,"Dusky Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/38/mode/1up","Anas superciliosa"],["537","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas superciliosa superciliosa","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi region, Moluccas, southern New Guinea including Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea), Australia including Tasmania, and New Zealand (where now extensively hybridized with Mallard), including the Chatham Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1218312A",null,null,"Dusky Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/38/mode/1up","Anas superciliosa"],["538","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas superciliosa pelewensis","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, southwestern Polynesia from Caroline Islands and Fiji eastward to the Society and Austral islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40153254",null,null,"Pelew Islands.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/138/mode/1up","Anas superciliosa var. pelewensis"],["539","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas wyvilliana","Sclater, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.350","Hawaiian Duck","Hawaiian Duck","Hawaiian Duck",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands (Kauai and montane Hawaii only in pure form; population on Oahu are hybrids with Mallard)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680199","hawduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawduc","avibase-250EA983",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/424/mode/1up","Anas wyvilliana"],["540","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas laysanensis","Rothschild, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.4 p.17","Laysan Duck","Laysan Duck","Laysan Duck",null,null,"Laysan (northwestern Hawaiian Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680203","layduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/layduc","avibase-3F444E5A",null,null,"Laysan Island.","Anas laysanensis, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/43/mode/1up","Anas laysanensis"],["541","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas zonorhyncha","Swinhoe, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.8 p.394","Eastern Spot-billed Duck","Eastern Spot-billed Duck","Eastern Spot-billed Duck",null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia and eastern Mongolia eastward to Sakhalin and eastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands); winters to southern China, Taiwan, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736042","spbduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbduc","avibase-E21470F9",null,null,"Ningpo, China.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/436/mode/1up","Anas zonorhyncha"],["542","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas poecilorhyncha","Forster, 1781","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.23 pl.13 fig.1","Indian Spot-billed Duck","Indian Spot-billed Duck","Indian Spot-billed Duck",null,null,"brackish and freshwater wetlands from the Indus River valley in eastern Pakistan southward across the Indian Subcontinent, and eastward to Bangladesh and the Brahmaputra River, and from northern Myanmar and southern China southward to southern Vietnam; winter visitor to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736541","isbduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isbduc1","avibase-759C5EB8",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ178506502","Anas poecilorhyncha"],["543","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas poecilorhyncha poecilorhyncha","Forster, 1781","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.23 pl.13 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian subcontinent from Kashmir and Gujarat eastward through western Assam, and southward to northwestern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0453C984",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ178506502","Anas poecilorhyncha"],["544","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas poecilorhyncha haringtoni","(Oates, 1907)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 17 p.558",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Assam and Myanmar to southern Yunnan and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDF423FB",null,null,"Shan States.","On a new species of Grey Duck (Polionetta haringtoni) from Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95250#page/656/mode/1up","Polionetta haringtoni"],["545","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas platyrhynchos","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.125","Mallard","Mallard","Mallard","2025-0080","Taxon <em>diazi </em>is recognized as a monotypic species (<em>Anas diazi</em>) based mostly on nuclear and genomic DNA evidence (Lavretsky et al. 2019). Sometimes treated as a subspecies in the <em>A. platyrhynchos</em> complex, or as a subspecies of <em>A. fulvigula</em> as suggested by mitochondrial DNA data (e.g., Robertson &amp; Goldstien 2012), <em>diazi </em>is genetically differentiated from both species.","breeds Holarctic; winters to southern USA and southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680186","mallar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mallar3","avibase-85625D75",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 42.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/143/mode/1up","Anas platyrhynchos"],["546","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Holarctic, from Iceland and Spain eastward through eastern Russia, and Alaska through Greenland and southward to northern Baja California and mid-Atlantic US states; winters to North Africa, India, and southern China, and central Mexico and Cuba; widely introduced elsewhere, often hybridizing with local congeners",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63C34FC9",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 42.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/143/mode/1up","Anas platyrhynchos"],["547","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas platyrhynchos conboschas","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.865",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Greenland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-191EBDD3",null,null,"Greenland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/897/mode/1up","Anas conboschas"],["548","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas diazi","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.332","Mexican Duck","Mexican Duck",null,"2025-0080","Taxon <em>diazi </em>is recognized as a monotypic species (<em>Anas diazi</em>) based mostly on nuclear and genomic DNA evidence (Lavretsky et al. 2019). Sometimes treated as a subspecies in the <em>A. platyrhynchos</em> complex, or as a subspecies of <em>A. fulvigula</em> as suggested by mitochondrial DNA data (e.g., Robertson &amp; Goldstien 2012), <em>diazi </em>is genetically differentiated from both species.","southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas (Trans-Pecos region) southward to central Mexico",null,null,null,"mexduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexduc","avibase-42CF45FE",null,null,"Laguna del Rosario, Tlaxcala, San Ysidro, Puebla, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of some new species of birds from southern Mexico, in the collection of the Mexican Geographical and Exploring Commission.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/7/","Anas diazi"],["549","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas rubripes","Brewster, 1902","The Auk 19, no.2 p.184","American Black Duck","American Black Duck","American Black Duck",null,null,"eastern Canada and northeastern USA; winters to southeastern USA, especially Atlantic coast to South Carolina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680174","ambduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ambduc","avibase-C732CB10",null,null,"New Hampshire shore of Lake Umbagog.","An undescribed form of the Black Duck (Anas obscura)","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol19/iss2/10/","Anas obscura rubripes"],["550","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas fulvigula","Ridgway, 1874","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8 p.111","Mottled Duck","Mottled Duck",null,"2025-0080","Taxon <em>diazi </em>is recognized as a monotypic species (<em>Anas diazi</em>) based mostly on nuclear and genomic DNA evidence (Lavretsky et al. 2019). Sometimes treated as a subspecies in the <em>A. platyrhynchos</em> complex, or as a subspecies of <em>A. fulvigula</em> as suggested by mitochondrial DNA data (e.g., Robertson &amp; Goldstien 2012), <em>diazi </em>is genetically differentiated from both species.","Gulf coast from Texas to Florida in USA, and Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,"motduc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motduc","avibase-697B933E",null,null,"St. John's River, Florida.","Notes Upon American Water Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/122/mode/1up","Anas obscura var. fulvigula"],["551","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas fulvigula fulvigula","Ridgway, 1874","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern USA (Florida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECAB75AD",null,null,"St. John's River, Florida.","Notes Upon American Water Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/122/mode/1up","Anas obscura var. fulvigula"],["552","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas fulvigula maculosa","Sennett, 1889","The Auk 6, no.3 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf coast of USA (Alabama to southern Texas) and northeastern Mexico; introduced to South Carolina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63BAF63D",null,null,"Nueces Bay, Texas.","A new species of Duck from Texas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss3/13/","Anas maculosa"],["553","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas capensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.527","Cape Teal","Cape Teal","Cape Teal",null,null,"locally from Sudan and Ethiopia to Namibia and South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680145","captea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/captea1","avibase-25DA0F41",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/28/mode/1up","Anas capensis"],["554","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas bahamensis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124","White-cheeked Pintail","White-cheeked Pintail","White-cheeked Pintail",null,null,"Bahamas through coastal and south-central South America, including Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680287","whcpin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpin","avibase-D2F97D13",null,null,"Bahama Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas bahamensis"],["555","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas bahamensis bahamensis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"West Indies and coastal northern South America (Colombia to northeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-059B01D1",null,null,"Bahama Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/142/mode/1up","Anas bahamensis"],["556","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas bahamensis rubrirostris","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador southward to central Chile; eastern South America from eastern Bolivia eastward to central and eastern Brazil and southward to northern Argentina and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7A4D4F1",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/128/mode/1up","Anas rubrirostris"],["557","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas bahamensis galapagensis","(Ridgway, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.767 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB3A87A9",null,null,"Charles Island, Galapagos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/139/mode/1up","Poecilonetta galapagensis"],["558","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas erythrorhyncha","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.517","Red-billed Teal","Red-billed Teal","Red-billed Teal",null,null,"locally in eastern and southern Africa, and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680290","rebduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebduc1","avibase-8F6876AC",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/18/mode/1up","Anas erythrorhyncha"],["559","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas georgica","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.516","Yellow-billed Pintail","Yellow-billed Pintail","Yellow-billed Pintail",null,null,"western and southern South America to South Georgia (South Atlantic Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680310","yebpin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebpin1","avibase-B940CCD5",null,null,"Georgia australi America [=South Georgia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/17/mode/1up","Anas georgica"],["560","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas georgica niceforoi","Wetmore & Borrero H, 1946","Caldasia 4, no.16 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Andes of Colombia; extinct ca. 1952","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-761DA0C9",null,null,"Laguna de Tota, Boyacá, Colombia; altitude 3,070 meters.","A new species of duck from central Colombia.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/32572/32578","Anas niceforoi"],["561","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas georgica spinicauda","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Colombia to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CB480CB",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/155/mode/1up","Anas spinicauda"],["562","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas georgica georgica","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"South Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F3233B7",null,null,"Georgia australi America [=South Georgia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/17/mode/1up","Anas georgica"],["563","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas acuta","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.126","Northern Pintail","Northern Pintail","Northern Pintail",null,null,"breeds Palearctic from Iceland and northern Scandinavia eastward to northeastern Russia, and southward to central Europe to southeastern Russia, and North America from northern Alaska and Arctic Canada southward to north-central USA; winters to central Africa, southern and eastern Asia, southern Central America, and the Caribbean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680301","norpin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norpin","avibase-56CCA717",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 44.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/144/mode/1up","Anas acuta"],["564","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas eatoni","(Sharpe, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.328","Eaton's Pintail","Eaton's Pintail","Southern Pintail",null,null,"Crozet and Kerguelen islands (southern Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680306","eatpin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eatpin1","avibase-8899CF64",null,null,"Kerguelen Island.","Description of an apparently new Species of Teal from Kerguelen's Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/360/mode/1up","Querquedula eatoni"],["565","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas eatoni drygalskii","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Crozet Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0C0B9DF",null,null,"Crozet Islands.","Neue Arten des Südpolargebiets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/63/mode/1up","Anas drygalskii"],["566","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas eatoni eatoni","(Sharpe, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"Kerguelen Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EED4C483",null,null,"Kerguelen Island.","Description of an apparently new Species of Teal from Kerguelen's Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/360/mode/1up","Querquedula eatoni"],["567","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas crecca","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.126","Green-winged Teal","Green-winged Teal",null,"2025-0007","Taxon <em>carolinensis</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anas crecca</em> based on high levels of introgression, coupled with a lack of known differences in courtship vocalization. Although mitochondrial DNA data show a relatively deep divergence between these taxa (Peters et al. 2012), a lack of genomic divergence (McLaughlin et al. 2020; Spaulding et al. 2023) indicates that male-mediated gene flow is extensive.","breeds Holarctic; winters to Central America and the Caribbean, eastern Africa, and southern Asia",null,null,null,"gnwtea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnwtea","avibase-BC6C3CCE",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 45.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/144/mode/1up","Anas Crecca"],["568","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas crecca crecca","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in Palearctic, from Iceland southward to France, eastward to eastern Siberia, and the Aleutians; winters from southern and central Europe eastward to Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), southward to Africa (to Senegambia, Central African Republic, and Kenya), southern Asia, and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-115F04DD",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 45.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/144/mode/1up","Anas Crecca"],["569","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas crecca carolinensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.533",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds North America; winters to Mexico and West Indies, more rarely to southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE24B98D",null,null,"Carolina to Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/34/mode/1up","Anas carolinensis"],["570","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas flavirostris","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.107","Yellow-billed Teal","Yellow-billed Teal","Yellow-billed Teal",null,null,"northern Peru and southeastern Brazil to southernmost South America and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736320","yebtea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtea1","avibase-D4263C69",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/127/mode/1up","Anas flavirostris"],["571","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas flavirostris oxyptera","Meyen, 1834","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.121 pl.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru to northern Chile and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E47A1FDD",null,null,"Southern Peru.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q&f=false","Anas oxyptera"],["572","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas flavirostris flavirostris","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego, South Georgia, and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1C55457",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/127/mode/1up","Anas flavirostris"],["573","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas andium","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.129,162","Andean Teal","Andean Teal","Andean Teal",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735557","spetea3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spetea3","avibase-0642F0F9",null,null,"high Ecuador between Riobamba and Mocha.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/174/mode/1up","Querquedula andium"],["574","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas andium altipetens","(Conover, 1941)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"northern eastern Andes of Colombia and Andes of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A703C639",null,null,"Páramo San Antonio, Culata","A new race of Nettion andium from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/167/mode/1up","Nettion andium altipetens"],["575","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas andium andium","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.129,162",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern eastern Andes of Colombia and Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C06113D",null,null,"high Ecuador between Riobamba and Mocha.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/174/mode/1up","Querquedula andium"],["576","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas gibberifrons","Müller, 1842","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.159,note","Sunda Teal","Sunda Teal","Sunda Teal","2025-0082","Taxon <em>gracilis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>A. gibberifrons</em> based on available evidence. Differentiation in underwing pattern, subtle differences in overall coloration, and presence/absence of male forehead bulge, suggest that it is best to maintain species status pending further research, including assessment of the magnitude and patterns of intermediacy in these traits.","Java and Sulawesi eastward to eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Wetar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727271","suntea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suntea1","avibase-EC92E98D",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/175/mode/1up","Anas (Mareca) gibberifrons"],["577","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas albogularis","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.303","Andaman Teal","Andaman Teal","Andaman Teal",null,null,"Andaman Islands and Great Coco Island (west of Myanmar)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727280","andtea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andtea1","avibase-EDB1BDAA",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/325/mode/1up","Mareca albogularis"],["578","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas castanea","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.119","Chestnut Teal","Chestnut Teal","Chestnut Teal",null,null,"estuaries, coastal lagoons, saltmarshes, and swamps in southwestern, north-central, and northeastern Australia southward to southeastern Australia (including Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680277","chetea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chetea1","avibase-DBF66606",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/179/mode/1up","Mareca castanea"],["579","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas castanea castanea","(Eyton, 1838)","A monograph on the Anatidæ, or duck tribe p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia, including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-183972AE",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111070#page/179/mode/1up","Mareca castanea"],["580","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas castanea alexanderi","(Mathews, 1916)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 3, no.3 p.56",null,null,null,"2025-0096","Taxon <em>alexanderi </em>is recognized as a subspecies of <em>Anas castanea</em> based on differences in plumage and divergence in mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies (Joseph et al. 2009).","southwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E786B00",null,null,"Southwest Australia","List of additions of new sub-species to, and changes in, my List of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103880#page/70/mode/1up","Virago castanea alexanderi"],["581","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas gracilis","Buller, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.41","Grey Teal","Gray Teal","Grey Teal","2025-0082","Taxon <em>gracilis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>A. gibberifrons</em> based on available evidence. Differentiation in underwing pattern, subtle differences in overall coloration, and presence/absence of male forehead bulge, suggest that it is best to maintain species status pending further research, including assessment of the magnitude and patterns of intermediacy in these traits.","New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand eastward to New Caledonia and Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680271","gretea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gretea1","avibase-9CBAFD8F",null,null,"Manawatu, North Island, New Zealand.","On some New Species of New Zealand Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/63/mode/1up","Anas gracilis"],["582","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas gracilis gracilis","Buller, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Australia and New Zealand; non-breeders reach northern Northern Territory and Cape York Peninsula (northern Australia), New Guinea, and New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86CDB301",null,null,"Manawatu, North Island, New Zealand.","On some New Species of New Zealand Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/63/mode/1up","Anas gracilis"],["583","subspecies","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas gracilis remissa","Ripley, 1942","The Auk 59, no.1 p.94",null,null,null,"2025-0083","Taxon <em>remissa </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anas gracilis</em> based on plumage and size.","formerly Rennell (southern Solomon Islands); extinct ca. 1959","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-73CD9A49",null,null,"Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.","A review of the species Anas castanea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol59/iss1/7/","Anas castanea remissa"],["584","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas bernieri","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.45 p.173","Bernier's Teal","Bernier's Teal","Madagascar Teal",null,null,"very local, lowlands of western Madagascar, mainly the coastal northwest",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680252","bertea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bertea1","avibase-7CBD0D73",null,null,"Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Schluss ;. s. S. 81-112.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/185/mode/1up","Querquedula Bernieri"],["585","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas theodori","Newton & Gadow, 1893","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 13, pt.7 p.291","Mascarene Teal","Mauritius Duck","Mauritius Duck",null,null,"formerly Mauritius and Réunion; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728662","mauduc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mauduc1","avibase-08F2BBC6",null,null,"Mare aux Songes swamp, Mauritius","On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Théodore Sauzier","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101603#page/367/mode/1up","Anas theodori"],["586","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas chlorotis","Gray, 1845","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.15 pl.20","Brown Teal","Brown Teal","Brown Teal","2025-0097","Taxa <em>chlorotis </em>and <em>nesiotis </em>are treated as monotypic species separate from <em>Anas aucklandica</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes considered subspecies of <em>A. aucklandica</em>, differences in morphology and behavior (Livezey 1990; Marchant &amp; Higgins 1990), and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kennedy &amp; Spencer 2000; Robertson &amp; Goldstien 2012; Rosinger et al. 2024) suggest they are better maintained as species pending further research.","Great Barrier Island (off northeastern North Island) and other satellite islands and predator-free mainland sanctuaries, mainly North Island (New Zealand)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728303","brotea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brotea1","avibase-DF842C45",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/95/mode/1up","Anas chlorotis"],["587","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas aucklandica","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.627 pl.169 fig.4","Auckland Teal","Auckland Islands Teal","Auckland Teal","2025-0097","Taxa <em>chlorotis </em>and <em>nesiotis </em>are treated as monotypic species separate from <em>Anas aucklandica</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes considered subspecies of <em>A. aucklandica</em>, differences in morphology and behavior (Livezey 1990; Marchant &amp; Higgins 1990), and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kennedy &amp; Spencer 2000; Robertson &amp; Goldstien 2012; Rosinger et al. 2024) suggest they are better maintained as species pending further research.","islets of Auckland Islands (Ewing, Enderby, Rose, Ocean, Adams, Disappointment, and Dundas); formerly Auckland Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680280","auitea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auitea1","avibase-92C1E596",null,null,"Auckland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/342/mode/1up","Nesonetta aucklandica"],["588","species","Anseriformes","Anatidae","Ducks, Swans, and Geese","Anas nesiotis","(Fleming, 1935)","Occasional papers of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology no.1 p.1","Campbell Teal","Campbell Islands Teal","Campbell Teal","2025-0097","Taxa <em>chlorotis </em>and <em>nesiotis </em>are treated as monotypic species separate from <em>Anas aucklandica</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes considered subspecies of <em>A. aucklandica</em>, differences in morphology and behavior (Livezey 1990; Marchant &amp; Higgins 1990), and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kennedy &amp; Spencer 2000; Robertson &amp; Goldstien 2012; Rosinger et al. 2024) suggest they are better maintained as species pending further research.","Dent Island (Campbell Islands); reintroduced and established on main Campbell Island, where had become extinct",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724580","caitea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caitea1","avibase-E804C52B",null,null,"Campbell Island.","A new genus and species of flightless Duck from Campbell Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123471#page/5/mode/1up","Xenonetta nesiotis"],["589","order","Galliformes",null,null,"Galliformes",null,null,"Pheasants, Guans, Quails, Megapodes, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["590","family","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodiidae",null,null,"Megapodes","Megapodes","Megapodes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"megapo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/megapo1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["591","genus","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Leipoa","Gould, 1840","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.1) pl.78, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leipoa ocellata [Gould, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/321/mode/1up","Leipoa"],["592","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Leipoa ocellata","Gould, 1840","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.1) pl.78, with text","Malleefowl","Malleefowl","Malleefowl",null,null,"semiarid southern Australia (southwestern Australia to south-central New South Wales)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678646","mallee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mallee1","avibase-BE7FA465",null,null,"Western Australia; type locality given as Swan River by Mathews, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/321/mode/1up","Leipoa ocellata"],["593","genus","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Talegalla","Lesson, 1828","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Talegalla cuvieri [Lesson, 1828]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224580#page/195/mode/1up","Talegalla"],["594","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Talegalla jobiensis","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.74","Collared Brushturkey","Red-legged Brushturkey","Red-legged Brushturkey",null,null,"northern and southeastern New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678572","bncbrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncbrt1","avibase-DF603601",null,null,"Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/92/mode/1up","Talegallus jobiensis"],["595","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Talegalla jobiensis jobiensis","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of north-central New Guinea and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01C795E6",null,null,"Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/92/mode/1up","Talegallus jobiensis"],["596","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Talegalla jobiensis longicaudus","Meyer, 1891","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.4 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D03CEE9",null,null,"Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/197/mode/1up","Talegallus longicaudus"],["597","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Talegalla cuvieri","Lesson, 1828","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.186","Red-billed Brushturkey","Red-billed Brushturkey","Red-billed Brushturkey",null,null,"northwestern and west-central New Guinea, including Misool and Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678564","rebbrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebbrt1","avibase-9F3603B0",null,null,"Forests of New Guinea = Dorey [now Manokwari] Dutch New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/194/mode/1up","Talegalla Cuvieri"],["598","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Talegalla fuscirostris","Salvadori, 1877","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.332","Black-billed Brushturkey","Yellow-legged Brushturkey","Yellow-legged Brushturkey",null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678568","bkbbrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbbrt1","avibase-49888E04",null,null,"Southern New Guinea and the Aru Islands, types from Epa and Hall Sound, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/344/mode/1up","Talegallus fuscirostris"],["599","genus","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Alectura","Latham, 1824","A general history of birds 10 p.455",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alectura lathami [J.E. Gray, 1831]; type by monotypy = Alectura lathami J.E. Gray, 1831",null,null,null,"Alectura"],["600","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Alectura lathami","Gray, 1831","The zoological miscellany 1 p.4","Australian Brushturkey","Australian Brushturkey","Australian Brushturkey",null,null,"northern Cape York Peninsula to east-central New South Wales (eastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678551","ausbrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausbrt1","avibase-6BD20F58",null,null,"Near Sydney, New South Wales.","V. On the Genus Alectura of Latham, and the family Menuridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/16/mode/1up","Alectura Lathami"],["601","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Alectura lathami purpureicollis","(Le Souëf, 1898)","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.13 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F4F6137",null,null,"Cape York Peninsula.","On some Birds and Eggs lately collected at Cape York, Queensland, by Mr. H. G. Barnard.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/89/mode/1up","Talegallus purpureicollis"],["602","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Alectura lathami lathami","Gray, 1831","The zoological miscellany 1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to east-central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9AA8F6",null,null,"Near Sydney, New South Wales.","V. On the Genus Alectura of Latham, and the family Menuridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/16/mode/1up","Alectura Lathami"],["603","genus","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Aepypodius","Oustalet, 1880","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 90 p.907",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Telegallus bruijnii [Oustalet, 1880]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1882, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 3, p. 251).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23752#page/913/mode/1up","Aepypodius"],["604","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Aepypodius bruijnii","(Oustalet, 1880)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 90 p.906","Waigeo Brushturkey","Waigeo Brushturkey","Waigeo Brushturkey",null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678559","brubrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brubrt1","avibase-638C9A70",null,null,"Waigeu, locality probably erroneous.","Observations sur les Mégapodes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23752#page/912/mode/1up","Talegallus Bruijnii"],["605","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Aepypodius arfakianus","(Salvadori, 1877)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.333","Wattled Brushturkey","Wattled Brushturkey","Wattled Brushturkey",null,null,"montane New Guinea, including Misool (off northwestern New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678555","watbrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watbrt1","avibase-06637487",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/345/mode/1up","Talegallus arfakianus"],["606","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Aepypodius arfakianus arfakianus","(Salvadori, 1877)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of New Guinea including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9B193F4",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/345/mode/1up","Talegallus arfakianus"],["607","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Aepypodius arfakianus misoliensis","Ripley, 1957","Postilla no.31 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Misool (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41127AC0",null,null,"Ten kilometres WNW of Tamulol, Misool Islands, Netherland New Guinea","New birds from the Western Papuan Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/315/mode/1up","Aepypodius arfakianus misoliensis"],["608","genus","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Macrocephalon","Müller, 1846","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 12, bd.1 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Macrocephalon maleo [Müller, S, 1846]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48695#page/126/mode/1up","Macrocephalon"],["609","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Macrocephalon maleo","Müller, 1846","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 12, bd.1 p.116","Maleo","Maleo","Maleo",null,null,"now very local, Sulawesi including Buton (off southeast), and formerly Lembeh (just east of northern Sulawesi)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678576","maleo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maleo1","avibase-7B3B8F2F",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48695#page/126/mode/1up","Macrocephalon maleo"],["610","genus","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Eulipoa","Ogilvie-Grant, 1893","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Megapodius wallacei [Gray, GR, 1861]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34477#page/482/mode/1up","Eulipoa"],["611","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Eulipoa wallacei","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.362 pl.171","Moluccan Megapode","Moluccan Megapode","Moluccan Scrubfowl",null,null,"Moluccas and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678632","molscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molscr1","avibase-9CE98D28",null,null,"East Gilolo.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/460/mode/1up","Megapodius wallacei"],["612","genus","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius","Gaimard, 1823","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 2 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Megapodius freycinet [Gaimard, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Selby, 1840, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, p. 40).",null,null,null,"Megapodius"],["613","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius tenimberensis","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.57","Tanimbar Megapode","Tanimbar Megapode","Tanimbar Scrubfowl",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Banda Sea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732420","tanscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tanscr1","avibase-8A966B18",null,null,"Lutu and Kirimun, Tenimber Islands.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/119/mode/1up","Megapodius tenimberensis"],["614","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii","Dillwyn, 1853","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.226 p.119 pl.39","Philippine Megapode","Philippine Megapode","Philippine Scrubfowl",null,null,"Philippines, northern Borneo, and northern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678588","tabscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabscr1","avibase-A3FF8DCA",null,null,"Labuan Island.","On an undescribed species of Megapodius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/151/mode/1up","Megapodius Cumingii"],["615","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii cumingii","Dillwyn, 1853","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.226 p.119 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo and southern Philippines (Palawan and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F6F9D89",null,null,"Labuan Island.","On an undescribed species of Megapodius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/151/mode/1up","Megapodius Cumingii"],["616","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii dillwyni","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.766 [note:CWR]",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Marinduque, and Babuyan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-510F519A",null,null,"Philippines (Manila?)","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/486/mode/1up","Megapodius dillwyni"],["617","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii pusillus","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.765 pl.78",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Philippines (Visayas, western Mindanao, and Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C366A97",null,null,"Cebu, Philippine Islands.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/485/mode/1up","Megapodius pusillus"],["618","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii tabon","Hachisuka, 1931","The birds of the Philippine Islands, with notes on the mammal fauna vol.1 pt1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Philippines (eastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DDDA45F",null,null,"Piso, southeastern Mindanao.",null,null,"Megapodius freycinet tabon"],["619","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii gilbertii","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Talisei, Tendila, Lembeh, and Togian",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7EE4123",null,null,"Menado, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/381/mode/1up","Megapodius gilbertii"],["620","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii sanghirensis","Schlegel, 1880","Notes from the Leyden Museum 2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe, Siau, Tahulandang, and Ruang (off northern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0345FC47",null,null,"Sangi Island.","On an undescribed species of Black-legged Megapode, Megapodius sanghirensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37306#page/105/mode/1up","Megapodius sanghirensis"],["621","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius cumingii talautensis","Roselaar, 1994","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 14 p.9-36",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (off northeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22F5598C",null,null,"Kaburuang, Talaud Islands 10 November 1893 by Cursham","Systematic notes on Megapodiidae (Aves, Galliformes), including the description of five new subspecies.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505417","Megapodius cumingii talautensis"],["622","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius laperouse","Gaimard, 1823","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 2 p.451","Micronesian Megapode","Micronesian Megapode","Micronesian Scrubfowl",null,null,"Palau (western Caroline Islands), Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam (where extinct; western Micronesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678620","micscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/micscr1","avibase-E19BE428",null,null,"Tinian Island, Marianne Islands.","892. Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de Gallinacés, établi sous le nom de Mégapode, lu à la Soc. d'hist. nat. de Paris le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre correspondant de cette société, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25875#page/457/mode/1up","Megapodius La Pérouse"],["623","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius laperouse senex","Hartlaub, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.830",null,null,null,null,null,"locally on Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA2C4EAD",null,null,"Pelew Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from some less-known Localities in the Western Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/250/mode/1up","Megapodius senex"],["624","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius laperouse laperouse","Gaimard, 1823","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 2 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Northern Mariana Islands and formerly Guam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1D16A4B",null,null,"Tinian Island, Marianne Islands.","892. Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de Gallinacés, établi sous le nom de Mégapode, lu à la Soc. d'hist. nat. de Paris le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre correspondant de cette société, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25875#page/457/mode/1up","Megapodius La Pérouse"],["625","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius nicobariensis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.52","Nicobar Megapode","Nicobar Megapode","Nicobar Scrubfowl",null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678583","nicscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicscr1","avibase-F4042498",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/174/mode/1up","Megapodius nicobariensis"],["626","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius nicobariensis nicobariensis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern and central Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A45A4303",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/174/mode/1up","Megapodius nicobariensis"],["627","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius nicobariensis abbotti","Oberholser, 1919","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 55, no.2278 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Great and Little Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA94DF28",null,null,"Little Nicobar Island.","The races of the Nicobar Megapode, Megapodius nicobariensis Blyth.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32554#page/477/mode/1up","Megapodius nicobariensis abbotti"],["628","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius pritchardii","Gray, 1864","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.14 p.378","Tongan Megapode","Tongan Megapode","Tongan Scrubfowl",null,null,"forest of Niuafo'ou (northwestern Tonga); recently introduced to Late and Fonualei, and populations formerly on other Tongan islands have died out",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678625","niuscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/niuscr1","avibase-69BBDE32",null,null,"Niuafou, 'Friendly Islands.'","Proceedings of the Zoological Society, On a new Species of Megapode.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53343#page/392/mode/1up","Megapodius Pritchardii"],["629","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius layardi","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.10 p.194","Vanuatu Megapode","Vanuatu Megapode","Vanuatu Scrubfowl",null,null,"forest of Torres Islands to Efate (northern to south-central Vanuatu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678615","vanscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vanscr1","avibase-45EEB735",null,null,"Vate, New Hebrides.","Notes on Collections of Birds sent from New Caledonia, from Lifu (one of the Loyalty Islands), and from the New Hebrides by E. L. Layard, C.M.G. &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/234/mode/1up","Megapodius layardi"],["630","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius bernsteinii","Schlegel, 1866","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.261","Sula Megapode","Sula Megapode","Sula Scrubfowl",null,null,"lowlands of Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678593","sulscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulscr1","avibase-034D904B",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/275/mode/1up","Megapodius Bernsteinii"],["631","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius geelvinkianus","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.88","Biak Scrubfowl","Biak Megapode","Biak Scrubfowl",null,null,"Numfor, Biak, and nearby islets in Cenderawasih Bay (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728514","dusscr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusscr3","avibase-8252F53B",null,null,"Mafor and Misory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/106/mode/1up","Megapodius geelvinkianus"],["632","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius eremita","Hartlaub, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.830","Melanesian Megapode","Melanesian Megapode","Melanesian Scrubfowl",null,null,"Karkar (northeast of New Guinea), Bismarck Archipelago including Admiralty Islands, and Solomon Archipelago (except Rennell and Temotu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678611","melscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melscr1","avibase-5795BC17",null,null,"Echiquier Island, not Bougainville in the Solomon Group.","On a Collection of Birds from some less-known Localities in the Western Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/250/mode/1up","Megapodius eremita"],["633","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius reinwardt","Dumont, 1823","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.416","Orange-footed Scrubfowl","Orange-footed Megapode","Orange-footed Scrubfowl",null,null,"Lesser Sundas, Kai Islands (southern Moluccas), northwestern, southern, and southeastern New Guinea and satellite islands, and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734302","orfscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orfscr1","avibase-73651931",null,null,"Amboina, error, type from Lombok.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/422/mode/1up","Megapodius Reinwardt"],["634","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius reinwardt reinwardt","Dumont, 1823","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas, Kai Islands, and southern and southeastern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and northern Torres Strait islands (far northeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32FFB85A",null,null,"Amboina, error, type from Lombok.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/422/mode/1up","Megapodius Reinwardt"],["635","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius reinwardt macgillivrayi","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A560A3B0",null,null,"Duchateau and Pig Islands, Louisiade Archipelago.","List of Species composing the Family Megapodiidae, with Descriptions of New Species, and some Account of the Habits of the Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/381/mode/1up","Megapodius macgillivrayi"],["636","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius reinwardt tumulus","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.109 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region and northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC9C9E08",null,null,"Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula, on the northern coast of Australia.","On New Species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/172/mode/1up","Megapodius tumulus"],["637","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius reinwardt yorki","Mathews, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Torres Strait islands and Cape York Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A5ADF46",null,null,"Cedar Bay, Queensland.","Descriptions of a new genus, new forms, and new names.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/45/mode/1up","Megapodius reinwardt yorki"],["638","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius reinwardt castanonotus","Mayr, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.1006 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Queensland (eastern Australia) from Wet Tropics region to central Queensland coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-268AE4C4",null,null,"Babinda Creek, south of Cairns, N. Queensland [Australia]","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 39, Notes on New Guinea birds. 4.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3796/","Megapodius freycinet castanonotus"],["639","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius decollatus","Oustalet, 1878","Bulletin Hebdomadaire de l'Association Scientifique de France 21 p.248","New Guinea Scrubfowl","New Guinea Megapode","New Guinea Scrubfowl",null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay) and northern slope of New Guinea from Geelvink Bay through southeastern peninsula; Tarawai and Manam (off northeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678607","negscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/negscr1","avibase-FAE8B00D",null,null,"d'Urville Island [now Kairiru].","Sur quelques oiseaux de la Papouasie.",null,"Megapodius decollatus"],["640","species","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius freycinet","Gaimard, 1823","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 2 p.451","Dusky Megapode","Dusky Megapode","Dusky Scrubfowl","2025-0109","Taxon <em>forsteni </em>(polytypic, including <em>buruensis</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Megapodius freycinet </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Although the <em>M. freycinet sensu lato </em>complex is phenotypically variable, differences are mostly in size, and in shading of plumage and bare parts (Eaton et al. 2021); genetic divergences based on mitochondrial (Birks &amp; Edwards 2002) and multilocus DNA data (Harris et al. 2014b) are also small. Further research will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","Moluccas, and far western Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea), including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678602","dusscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusscr1","avibase-D3A0B18E",null,null,"Waigeu and Boni Islands","892. Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de Gallinacés, établi sous le nom de Mégapode, lu à la Soc. d'hist. nat. de Paris le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre correspondant de cette société, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25875#page/457/mode/1up","Megapodius freycinet"],["641","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius freycinet quoyii","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.289 pl.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai to Obi (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AEBF3B7",null,null,"Gilolo (South) [=Halmahera]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/381/mode/1up","Megapodius quoyii"],["642","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius freycinet freycinet","Gaimard, 1823","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 2 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"Gebe, Waigeo, Kofiau, Misool, and satellite islands (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5082AE9",null,null,"Waigeu and Boni Islands","892. Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de Gallinacés, établi sous le nom de Mégapode, lu à la Soc. d'hist. nat. de Paris le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre correspondant de cette société, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25875#page/457/mode/1up","Megapodius freycinet"],["643","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius freycinet oustaleti","Roselaar, 1994","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 14 p.9-36",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern New Guinea (western Bird's Head Peninsula) and adjacent islands, including Batanta, Salawati, and satellite islands (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87DCC143",null,null,"Sorong Island by Bernstein on 28 November 1864","Systematic notes on Megapodiidae (Aves, Galliformes), including the description of five new subspecies.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505417","Megapodius freycinet oustaleti"],["644","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius freycinet forsteni","Gray, 1847","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.491 pl.124",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Haruku, and Gorong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC57CEF3",null,null,"No type locality Ceram, subst. by Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 41.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/30/mode/1up","Megapodius Forstenii"],["645","subspecies","Galliformes","Megapodiidae","Megapodes","Megapodius freycinet buruensis","Stresemann, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Moluccas (Buru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47AB23E5",null,null,"Gunung Fogha ['Mt. Mada], 3000 feet, Buru.","Die Vögel von Seran (Ceram).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/57/mode/1up","Megapodius duperryii buruensis"],["646","family","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Cracidae",null,null,"Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows","Guans, Chachalacas, Curassows",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cracid2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cracid2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["647","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelopina","Reichenbach, 1862","Die vollständigste Naturgeschichte der Tauben und taubenartigen Vögel: Wallnister, Erdtauben, Baumtauben, Hocco's. Columbariæ, Megapodinæ, Peristerinæ, Columbinæ, Alectorinæ p.152",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Penelope niger [Fraser, 1852]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183487#page/248/mode/1up","Penelopina"],["648","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelopina nigra","(Fraser, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.216 p.246 pl.29","Highland Guan","Highland Guan","Highland Guan",null,null,"humid montane forest from southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678449","higgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/higgua1","avibase-E627D25F",null,null,"locality unknown, described from aviary specimens.","On new Birds in the Collection at Knowsley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/330/mode/1up","Penelope niger"],["649","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1227",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ortalida goudotii [Lesson, 1828]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/660/mode/1up","Chamaepetes"],["650","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes unicolor","Salvin, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.1 p.159","Black Guan","Black Guan","Black Guan",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678443","blagua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blagua1","avibase-8C688594",null,null,"Veragua.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/181/mode/1up","Chamaepetes unicolor"],["651","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes goudotii","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.217","Sickle-winged Guan","Sickle-winged Guan","Sickle-winged Guan",null,null,"northeastern Colombia to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678446","siwgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siwgua1","avibase-B019CEB9",null,null,"Quindiu =)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/225/mode/1up","Ortalida Goudotii"],["652","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes goudotii goudotii","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBB628E3",null,null,"Quindiu =)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/225/mode/1up","Ortalida Goudotii"],["653","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes goudotii sanctaemarthae","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1109C7E",null,null,"El Libano, 6000 ft.. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Chamaepetes sanctae-marthae"],["654","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes goudotii fagani","Chubb, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E56DB086",null,null,"Mindo, 6000 ft., Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new species of birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/30/mode/1up","Chamaepetes fagani"],["655","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes goudotii tschudii","Taczanowski, 1886","Ornithologie du Pérou 3 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-223B008A",null,null,"Moyabamba, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49582#page/285/mode/1up","Chamaepetes Tschudii"],["656","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Chamaepetes goudotii rufiventris","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes in central and southern Peru (locally Junin to Puno) and northern Bolivia in La Paz",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56127AC5",null,null,"in sylvis antium elevatis prope Chilpes [in the high mountains of Antium near Chilpes, Peru]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/396/mode/1up","Penelope rufiventris"],["657","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Aburria","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xxvi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Penelope carunculata [Reichenbach, 1853]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Penelope aburri Lesson, 1828",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/94/mode/1up","Aburria"],["658","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Aburria aburri","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.215","Wattled Guan","Wattled Guan","Wattled Guan",null,null,"montane forest of western Venezuela to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678440","watgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watgua1","avibase-50A42775",null,null,"Temperate and cold lands in the mountains of New Grenada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/223/mode/1up","Penelope aburri"],["659","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.877",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Penelope leucolophos [Merrem, 1786]; type by tautonymy = Crax pipile von Jacquin, 1784",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/887/mode/1up","Pipile"],["660","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile jacutinga","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.53, pl.70","Black-fronted Piping Guan","Black-fronted Piping-Guan","Black-fronted Piping-guan",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to southeastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678429","bfpgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfpgua1","avibase-DA1A931A",null,null,"Between Bahia and Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/67/mode/1up","Penelope jacutinga"],["661","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile pipile","(Jacquin, 1784)","Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel p.26 pl.11","Trinidad Piping Guan","Trinidad Piping-Guan","Trinidad Piping-guan",null,null,"forest of northeastern Trinidad (endangered)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678401","trpgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trpgua1","avibase-9D2FC800",null,null,"Orinoco River near Cumaná; locality probably erroneous.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104660#page/36/mode/1up","Crax pipile"],["662","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile cujubi","(Pelzeln, 1858)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 31 p.328","Red-throated Piping Guan","Red-throated Piping-Guan","Red-throated Piping-guan",null,null,"riverine and semideciduous forest of lowland central Amazonia south of the Amazon River, from eastern Amazonas and Rondônia (central Brazil) eastward to western Maranhão (northeastern Brazil), and southward through far northeastern Bolivia to Mato Grosso do Sul and Tocantins (southwestern and east-central Brazil, respectively)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678422","rtpgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtpgua1","avibase-B261EA96",null,null,"Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30227#page/364/mode/1up","Penelope cujubi"],["663","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile cujubi cujubi","(Pelzeln, 1858)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 31 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (east bank of the Rio Madeira to northern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-026DC034",null,null,"Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30227#page/364/mode/1up","Penelope cujubi"],["664","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile cujubi nattereri","Reichenbach, 1862","Die vollständigste Naturgeschichte der Tauben und taubenartigen Vögel: Wallnister, Erdtauben, Baumtauben, Hocco's. Columbariæ, Megapodinæ, Peristerinæ, Columbinæ, Alectorinæ p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River to far northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-417CF61D",null,null,"Nas Frechas, near Cuyabá, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil], ex Pelzeln.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183487#page/250/mode/1up","Pipile nattereri"],["665","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile cumanensis","(Jacquin, 1784)","Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel p.25 pl.10","Blue-throated Piping Guan","Blue-throated Piping-Guan","Blue-throated Piping-guan","2025-0110","Taxon <em>grayi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pipile cumanensis</em> based on differences in plumage and wattle color, supported by evidence of low levels of introgression in a contact zone (Olmos 1998). However, mitochondrial DNA divergence is shallow (Frank-Hoeflich et al. 2007) and further research is warranted.","eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, western Brazil, and Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727323","butpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butpig1","avibase-0440B291",null,null,"Orinoco River region near Cumana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104660#page/34/mode/1up","Crax cumanensis"],["666","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pipile grayi","(Pelzeln, 1870)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.284","White-throated Piping Guan","White-throated Piping-Guan","White-throated Piping-guan","2025-0110","Taxon <em>grayi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pipile cumanensis</em> based on differences in plumage and wattle color, supported by evidence of low levels of introgression in a contact zone (Olmos 1998). However, mitochondrial DNA divergence is shallow (Frank-Hoeflich et al. 2007) and further research is warranted.","southwestern Brazil to Bolivia, northeastern Paraguay, and southeastern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727333","butpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butpig2","avibase-601C4D19",null,null,"Peru, locality erroneous.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/294/mode/1up","Penelope grayi"],["667","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope","Merrem, 1786","Avium rariorum et minus cognitarum Icones et Descriptiones collectae e germanicus latinae factae fasc.2 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Penelope marail [Gmelin, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2, p. 214). = Phasianus marail Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176784#page/73/mode/1up","Penelope"],["668","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope obscura","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.68,693","Dusky-legged Guan","Dusky-legged Guan",null,null,null,"east-central Brazil to northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"dulgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dulgua1","avibase-BF379105",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/82/mode/1up","Penelope obscura"],["669","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope bridgesi","Gray, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.270","Yungas Guan","Yungas Guan",null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Bolivia to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,"dulgua3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dulgua3","avibase-7F3B09C0",null,null,"Bolivia.","Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Penelope.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/350/mode/1up","Penelope bridgesi"],["670","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope pileata","Wagler, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1109","White-crested Guan","White-crested Guan","White-crested Guan",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678392","whcgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcgua1","avibase-474C532A",null,null,"State of Pará,, Brazil.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/589/mode/1up","Penelope pileata"],["671","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope jacucaca","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.53, pl.69","White-browed Guan","White-browed Guan","White-browed Guan",null,null,"interior northeastern Brazil (Ceará and Paraíba to Bahia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678398","whbgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbgua1","avibase-7DDADC44",null,null,"Near Pogoens Encima, Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/67/mode/1up","Penelope jacu-caca"],["672","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope ochrogaster","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.282,337","Chestnut-bellied Guan","Chestnut-bellied Guan","Chestnut-bellied Guan",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Brazil (westward to Mato Grosso)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678395","chbgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbgua1","avibase-1CE8F9FE",null,null,"Nas Frechas and Engenho do Pari, near Cuyabá, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/347/mode/1up","Penelope ochrogaster"],["673","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope barbata","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.3","Bearded Guan","Bearded Guan","Bearded Guan",null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (but not the east slope) and western Andes of northwestern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678357","beagua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beagua1","avibase-89605A18",null,null,"Taraguacocha, Zaruma-Zaragura Trail, Cordillera de Chilla, Prov. del Oro, Ecuador; alt. 9750-11000 ft.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Penelope barbata"],["674","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope purpurascens","Wagler, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1110","Crested Guan","Crested Guan","Crested Guan",null,null,"northern Mexico to northeastern Venezuela and far northwestern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678376","cregua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cregua1","avibase-01A38979",null,null,"Mexico.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/589/mode/1up","Penelope purpurascens"],["675","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope purpurascens purpurascens","Wagler, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1110",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDB84EDB",null,null,"Mexico.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/589/mode/1up","Penelope purpurascens"],["676","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis","Salvadori & Festa, 1900","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 15, no.368 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Honduras and Nicaragua to western Colombia and southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB7CC61E",null,null,"Foreste del Río Peripa, western Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43398#page/50/mode/1up","Penelope aequatorialis"],["677","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope purpurascens brunnescens","Hellmayr & Conover, 1932","The Auk 49, no.3 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to eastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52F379A6",null,null,"Río Cogollo, Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Notes on some Neotropical Game-Birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol49/iss3/3/","Penelope purpurascens brunnescens"],["678","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope superciliaris","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.72,693","Rusty-margined Guan","Rusty-margined Guan","Rusty-margined Guan",null,null,"eastern Brazil south of the Amazon River southward to northeastern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678370","rumgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rumgua1","avibase-28799734",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/86/mode/1up","Penelope superciliaris"],["679","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope superciliaris pseudonyma","Neumann, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41D79565",null,null,"Rio de Cumana, Brazil","[Three new geographical races of the White-eyebrowed Guan.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/131/mode/1up","Penelope superciliaris pseudonyma"],["680","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope superciliaris superciliaris","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.72,693",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F442B4A9",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/86/mode/1up","Penelope superciliaris"],["681","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope superciliaris jacupemba","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.55, pl.72",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0E1060D",null,null,"Presidio do São João, Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/69/mode/1up","Penelope jacupemba"],["682","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope superciliaris major","Bertoni, 1901","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC96AE59",null,null,"Lat. 25°, 43' [Alto Paraná, Paraguay].","Aves nuevas del Paraguay : continuación á Azara : (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) : descripción de las especies nuevas descubiertas por el Autor y contribuciones al estudio de la Avifauna Paraguaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/27/mode/1up","Penelope purpurescens major"],["683","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope marail","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.125","Marail Guan","Marail Guan","Marail Guan",null,null,"eastern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678367","margua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/margua1","avibase-B08C691D",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/145/mode/1up","Phasianus Marail"],["684","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope marail jacupeba","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.54, pl.71",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F63D9A98",null,null,"in Sylvis Parae [forest in Pará, Brazil]; restricted to Óbidos, Pará, Brazil by Vaurie",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/68/mode/1up","Penelope jacupeba"],["685","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope marail marail","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and eastern Venezuela (south of the Río Orinoco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56565675",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/145/mode/1up","Phasianus Marail"],["686","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope argyrotis","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.875","Band-tailed Guan","Band-tailed Guan","Band-tailed Guan",null,null,"northeastern and central Colombia to northeastern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678354","batgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batgua1","avibase-540D21F5",null,null,"Caracas.","Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/885/mode/1up","Pipile argyrotis"],["687","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope argyrotis colombiana","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0CB3627",null,null,"Las Taguas, near Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/253/mode/1up","Penelope colombiana"],["688","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope argyrotis albicauda","Phelps & Gilliard, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1100 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F38ADF0",null,null,"La Sabana, Río Negro, Perijá Dist., Zulia, Venezuela","Six new Birds from the Perijá Mountains of Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4678/","Penelope argyrotis albicauda"],["689","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope argyrotis argyrotis","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.875",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A31AB79",null,null,"Caracas.","Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/885/mode/1up","Pipile argyrotis"],["690","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope perspicax","Bangs, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.187,188","Cauca Guan","Cauca Guan","Cauca Guan",null,null,"central Cauca Valley (Colombia), in both the western and central Andes; formerly (?) also on the west slope of the western Andes",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678379","caugua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caugua1","avibase-2296FCC4",null,null,"San Luis, Bitaco Valley, western Colombia.","Descriptions of new American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/217/mode/1up","Penelope perspicax"],["691","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope albipennis","Taczanowski, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.746","White-winged Guan","White-winged Guan","White-winged Guan",null,null,"dry forest of northwestern Peru (Tumbes, Piura and Lambayeque)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678382","whwgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwgua1","avibase-D10D229A",null,null,"Near Tumbez, Peru; type from Sta. Lucia.","Supplément à la Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/460/mode/1up","Penelope albipennis"],["692","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope dabbenei","Hellmayr & Conover, 1942","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.1, no.1 p.154-155","Red-faced Guan","Red-faced Guan","Red-faced Guan",null,null,"humid Andes of southeastern Bolivia to far northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678373","refgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refgua1","avibase-D3E64B50",null,null,"Cerro de Calilegua, Ledesma, Jujuy, Argentina","Catalogue of the birds of the Americas and adjacent islands. Part 1, no.1. Rheidae, Tinamidae, Cracidae, Tetraonidae, Phasianidae, Numididae, Meleagrididae, Opisthocomidae, Gruidae, Aramidae, Psophiidae, Rallidae, Heliornithidae, Eurypygidae, Cariamidae, Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25983#page/166/mode/1up","Penelope dabbenei"],["693","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope jacquacu","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.52, pl.68","Spix's Guan","Spix's Guan","Spix's Guan",null,null,"forest and edge in lowlands to mid-elevations of western and central Amazonia and the Guianas, from eastern Colombia eastward to western Surinam and southward through central Bolivia and eastward to south-central Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678386","spigua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spigua1","avibase-1D1EDAF0",null,null,"'in sylvis fl. Solimoens.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/66/mode/1up","Penelope jacqúaçu"],["694","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope jacquacu granti","Berlepsch, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.2 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3D024FF",null,null,"British Guiana [=Guyana]","On the Birds of Cayenne. (Continued from p. 164).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/317/mode/1up","Penelope granti"],["695","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope jacquacu orienticola","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-649A8500",null,null,"Manacapuni, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Critical notes on the Cracidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/233/mode/1up","Penelope jacquacu orienticola"],["696","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope jacquacu jacquacu","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.52, pl.68",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C885C6CE",null,null,"'in sylvis fl. Solimoens.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/66/mode/1up","Penelope jacqúaçu"],["697","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope jacquacu speciosa","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD99478D",null,null,"Río Surutu, Prov. del Sara, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/110/mode/1up","Penelope speciosa"],["698","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope ortoni","Salvin, 1874","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.16 p.325","Baudo Guan","Baudo Guan","Baudo Guan",null,null,"west slope of Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678360","baugua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baugua1","avibase-BA3D0CC1",null,null,"Mindo, western slope of Pichincha, Ecuador; alt. 6000-7000 ft.","A Visit to the principal Museums of the United States, with Notes on some of the Birds contained therein.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/369/mode/1up","Penelope ortoni"],["699","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope montagnii","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.875","Andean Guan","Andean Guan","Andean Guan",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela to southern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678364","andgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andgua1","avibase-6CF279AC",null,null,"Colombia = El Pinon, above Fusugasug, 9600 ft., as suggested by Chapman, antea, 1917, p. 194.","Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/885/mode/1up","Ortalida montagnii"],["700","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope montagnii montagnii","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.875",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá, and Andes from Trujillo southward to Táchira), and northern and central Colombia (central and eastern Andes southward to Putumayo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA5F87DC",null,null,"Colombia = El Pinon, above Fusugasug, 9600 ft., as suggested by Chapman, antea, 1917, p. 194.","Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/885/mode/1up","Ortalida montagnii"],["701","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope montagnii atrogularis","Hellmayr & Conover, 1932","The Auk 49, no.3 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes in southern Colombia (Nariño) and Ecuador (southward to Azuay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EC6CF53",null,null,"Alaspungo, western Ecuador.","Notes on some Neotropical Game-Birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol49/iss3/3/","Penelope montagnii atrogularis"],["702","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope montagnii brooki","Chubb, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slope of Andes in southern Colombia and Ecuador (southward to Morona-Santiago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1FAF089",null,null,"Baeza, Ecuador; alt. 6000 ft.","Descriptions of three new species of birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/31/mode/1up","Penelope brooki"],["703","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope montagnii plumosa","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slope of Andes in Peru (southward from Amazonas to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6A56BD5",null,null,"Marajmioc, central Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/83/mode/1up","Penelope sclateri plumosa"],["704","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Penelope montagnii sclateri","Gray, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of Bolivia (southward to Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A5B04B6",null,null,"Bolivia.","Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Penelope.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/350/mode/1up","Penelope sclateri"],["705","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Oreophasis","Gray, 1844","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.485 pl.121",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oreophasis derbianus [Gray, GR, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/12/mode/1up","Oreophasis"],["706","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Oreophasis derbianus","Gray, 1844","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.485 pl.121","Horned Guan","Horned Guan","Horned Guan",null,null,"humid forest of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678453","horgua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horgua1","avibase-9584A5CA",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/12/mode/1up","Oreophasis Derbianus"],["707","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crax rubra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Ridgway, 1896, A Manual of North American Birds, ed. 2, p. 207).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/176/mode/1up","Crax"],["708","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax rubra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.157","Great Curassow","Great Curassow","Great Curassow",null,null,"humid rainforest and drier woodland from lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope from central Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico) southward through both slopes from Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) including Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel through Panama, and west of the Andes to western Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678521","grecur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grecur1","avibase-BA8A14D2",null,null,"Based entirely on The Red Peruvian Hen of Albin, book 3, p. 37, pl. 40, no locality given.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/176/mode/1up","Crax rubra"],["709","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax rubra rubra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of eastern Mexico to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC23AF03",null,null,"Based entirely on The Red Peruvian Hen of Albin, book 3, p. 37, pl. 40, no locality given.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/176/mode/1up","Crax rubra"],["710","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax rubra griscomi","Nelson, 1926","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 39 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula); rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C0A754E",null,null,"Cozumel Island [Quintana Roo, Mexico]","Two new Birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107491#page/130/mode/1up","Crax globicera griscomi"],["711","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax alberti","Fraser, 1852","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.216 p.246 pl.27","Blue-billed Curassow","Blue-billed Curassow","Blue-billed Curassow",null,null,"humid forest of northern Colombia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678525","bubcur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubcur1","avibase-9260D3DD",null,null,"Based on a cage bird of unknown origin.","On new Birds in the Collection at Knowsley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/330/mode/1up","Crax Alberti"],["712","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax daubentoni","Gray, 1867","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.15","Yellow-knobbed Curassow","Yellow-knobbed Curassow","Yellow-knobbed Curassow",null,null,"llanos of northeastern Colombia and adjacent northern Venezuela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678530","yekcur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yekcur1","avibase-0A74C21D",null,null,"'Central America'? = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/23/mode/1up","Crax Daubentoni"],["713","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax globulosa","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.50, pl.65-66","Wattled Curassow","Wattled Curassow","Wattled Curassow",null,null,"humid southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678537","watcur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watcur1","avibase-E3180F5D",null,null,"Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/64/mode/1up","Crax globulosa"],["714","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax blumenbachii","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.50, pl.64","Red-billed Curassow","Red-billed Curassow","Red-billed Curassow",null,null,"lowland forest of southeastern Brazil; on verge of extinction",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678544","rebcur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebcur1","avibase-CB3380D4",null,null,"State of Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/64/mode/1up","Crax blumenbachii"],["715","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax alector","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.269","Black Curassow","Black Curassow","Black Curassow",null,null,"northern Amazonia and the Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678534","blacur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacur1","avibase-16A1A2B1",null,null,"'America calidiore.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/273/mode/1up","Crax Alector"],["716","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax alector alector","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil (north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED4993C1",null,null,"'America calidiore.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/273/mode/1up","Crax Alector"],["717","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax alector erythrognatha","Sclater & Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and Venezuela (south of the Río Orinoco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5EAEA84",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/48/mode/1up","Crax erythrognatha"],["718","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax fasciolata","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.48, pl.62a","Bare-faced Curassow","Bare-faced Curassow",null,"2025-0112","Taxon <em>pinima </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Crax fasciolata</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a distinct species based on differences in female plumage, phenotypic assessments are based on a small number of specimens, and genetic data are lacking. Further research may support species recognition of <em>pinima </em>and <em>grayi</em>.","southern Amazonia to northern Argentina",null,null,null,"bafcur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bafcur1","avibase-120F52B3",null,null,"State of Pará,, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/62/mode/1up","Crax fasciolata"],["719","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax fasciolata fasciolata","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.48, pl.62a",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Brazil to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A094EDE",null,null,"State of Pará,, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/62/mode/1up","Crax fasciolata"],["720","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax fasciolata pinima","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.287,341",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9BD3822",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/297/mode/1up","Crax Pinima"],["721","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Crax fasciolata grayi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1893","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1A2642B",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34477#page/500/mode/1up","Crax grayi"],["722","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pauxi","Temminck, 1813","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 2 p.456,465",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crax pauxi [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy",null,null,null,"Pauxi"],["723","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pauxi pauxi","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.270","Helmeted Curassow","Helmeted Curassow","Helmeted Curassow",null,null,"northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678497","helcur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helcur1","avibase-04689F34",null,null,"Mexico, error = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/274/mode/1up","Crax Pauxi"],["724","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pauxi pauxi pauxi","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Venezuela and adjacent northeastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-804DC761",null,null,"Mexico, error = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/274/mode/1up","Crax Pauxi"],["725","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pauxi pauxi gilliardi","Wetmore & Phelps, 1943","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 33, no.5 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43489736",null,null,"1200 to 1500 feet elev. near Tierra Nueva, at the northern end of the Serrania de Valledupar, or Sierra Negra, slightly south of east of Fonseca, Departamento de Magdalena, Colombia","Description of a third form of Curassow of the genus Pauxi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122683#page/174/mode/1up","Pauxi pauxi gilliardi"],["726","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pauxi koepckeae","Weske & Terborgh, 1971","The Auk 88, no.2 p.233-238","Sira Curassow","Sira Curassow","Sira Curassow",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cerros del Sira)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45090459","horcur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horcur2","avibase-8F41C0ED",null,null,"southwest slopes, in the Río Llulla Pichis watershed, Dept. Huánuco, Peru","A new subspecies of curassow of the genus Pauxi from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol88/iss2/1/","Pauxi unicornis koepckeae"],["727","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Pauxi unicornis","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae no.29 p.1","Horned Curassow","Horned Curassow","Horned Curassow",null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Bolivia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45090397","horcur3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horcur3","avibase-FB925C9B",null,null,"Hills above Bolívar, near Palmar, 2500 feet, Yungas de Cochabamba [Bolivia]","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia. Part II. A new species of the genus Pauxi.",null,"Pauxi unicornis"],["728","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Nothocrax","Burmeister, 1856","Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens, welche während einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraës gesammelt oder beobachtet wurden 3 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Crax urumutum [von Spix, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Nothocrax"],["729","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Nothocrax urumutum","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.49, pl.62","Nocturnal Curassow","Nocturnal Curassow","Nocturnal Curassow",null,null,"humid southern Venezuela to northeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678461","noccur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noccur1","avibase-B4CC6C9F",null,null,"Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/63/mode/1up","Crax urumutum"],["730","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Mitu","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.7 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Ourax mitu [Temminck, 1822]; type by tautonymy = Crax mitu Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/523/mode/1up","Mitu"],["731","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Mitu tomentosum","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.49, pl.63","Crestless Curassow","Crestless Curassow","Crestless Curassow",null,null,"Guyana to southern Venezuela, eastern Colombia, and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678464","crecur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crecur2","avibase-5C20314D",null,null,"'in Sylvis paludosis fl. Nigri prope pagum Barcellonam.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/63/mode/1up","Crax tomentosa"],["732","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Mitu salvini","Reinhardt, 1879","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København p.5","Salvin's Curassow","Salvin's Curassow","Salvin's Curassow",null,null,"humid lowlands of southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678472","salcur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salcur1","avibase-D24A7EA3",null,null,"No locality = eastern Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110689#page/14/mode/1up","Mitua salvini"],["733","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Mitu tuberosum","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.51, pl.67","Razor-billed Curassow","Razor-billed Curassow","Razor-billed Curassow",null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678478","rabcur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rabcur2","avibase-303C9D79",null,null,"in sylvis, fl. Solimoëns [in the woods, the Solimoëns River]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/65/mode/1up","Crax tuberosa"],["734","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Mitu mitu","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.270","Alagoas Curassow","Alagoas Curassow","Alagoas Curassow",null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Alagoas); extinct in wild","Extinct in the Wild","EW","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678486","alacur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alacur1","avibase-333D3213",null,null,"Brazil and Guiana = northeastern Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/274/mode/1up","Crax Mitu"],["735","genus","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis","Merrem, 1786","Avium rariorum et minus cognitarum Icones et Descriptiones collectae e germanicus latinae factae fasc.2 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phasianus motmot [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176784#page/74/mode/1up","Ortalida"],["736","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis vetula","(Wagler, 1830)","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1112","Plain Chachalaca","Plain Chachalaca","Plain Chachalaca",null,null,"Caribbean slope from Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas southward through lowlands of eastern Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, and northern Guatemala through eastern and central northern Central America (except Pacific coast), then reaching the Pacific coast in Nicaragua through Nicoya Peninsula of northwestern Costa Rica; introduced islands just east of Georgia (southeastern USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678305","placha","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/placha","avibase-F4F49CCB",null,null,"Mexico: Tampico, Tamaulipas, designated as type locality by Miller and Griscom, antea, p. 46.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/590/mode/1up","Penelope vetula"],["737","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis vetula mccalli","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xlv,611",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Texas to northeastern Mexico (northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D2243B3",null,null,"Boquilla, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/675/mode/1up","Ortalida McCalli"],["738","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis vetula vetula","(Wagler, 1830)","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1112",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9445B839",null,null,"Mexico: Tampico, Tamaulipas, designated as type locality by Miller and Griscom, antea, p. 46.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/590/mode/1up","Penelope vetula"],["739","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis vetula pallidiventris","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (northern Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C7A615A",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/231/mode/1up","Ortalis vetula pallidiventris"],["740","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis vetula deschauenseei","Bond, 1936","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Utila (Bay Islands, off northern Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18EA347F",null,null,"Utilla Island, Spanish Honduras [Utila Island, Honduras]","Resident Birds of the Bay Islands of Spanish Honduras.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064193","Ortalis vetula deschauenseei"],["741","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis leucogastra","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.105","White-bellied Chachalaca","White-bellied Chachalaca","White-bellied Chachalaca",null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678331","whbcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcha1","avibase-36D6CAB7",null,null,"No locality.","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/473/mode/1up","Penelope leucogastra"],["742","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis poliocephala","(Wagler, 1830)","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1112","West Mexican Chachalaca","West Mexican Chachalaca","West Mexican Chachalaca",null,null,"semiarid western Mexico (central Jalisco and Michoacán to Chiapas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678325","wemcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wemcha1","avibase-98FC9EB9",null,null,"Mexico.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/590/mode/1up","Penelope poliocephala"],["743","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis wagleri","Gray, 1867","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.12","Rufous-bellied Chachalaca","Rufous-bellied Chachalaca","Rufous-bellied Chachalaca",null,null,"semiarid northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Jalisco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678322","rubcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubcha1","avibase-1C856C25",null,null,"California and Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/20/mode/1up","Ortalida Wagleri"],["744","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis cinereiceps","Gray, 1867","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.12","Grey-headed Chachalaca","Gray-headed Chachalaca","Grey-headed Chachalaca",null,null,"tropical eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678308","grhcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhcha1","avibase-3760C5DC",null,null,"North-west coast of America; Type collected by Kellett and Wood.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/20/mode/1up","Ortalida cinereiceps"],["745","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis erythroptera","Sclater & Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.540","Rufous-headed Chachalaca","Rufous-headed Chachalaca","Rufous-headed Chachalaca",null,null,"western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678318","ruhcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhcha1","avibase-7B8E0E0F",null,null,"Babahoyo and Guayaquil, western Ecuador.","Synopsis of the Cracidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/628/mode/1up","Ortalida erythroptera"],["746","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis superciliaris","Gray, 1867","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.10","Buff-browed Chachalaca","Buff-browed Chachalaca","Buff-browed Chachalaca",null,null,"northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Pará to Piauí and northern Goiás)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678348","bubcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubcha1","avibase-D2E6C1C1",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/18/mode/1up","Ortalida superciliaris"],["747","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis motmot","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.271","Little Chachalaca","Variable Chachalaca",null,"2025-0111","Taxon <em>ruficeps </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ortalis motmot </em>based on consistent differences in morphology and vocalizations (Tomotani et al. 2020).","southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,"varcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varcha1","avibase-E0BC6A2E",null,null,"Brazil and Guiana = Cayenne, accepted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 120, ex Brissonian reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/275/mode/1up","Phasianus Motmot"],["748","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis ruficeps","(Wagler, 1830)","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1111","Chestnut-headed Chachalaca","Chestnut-headed Chachalaca",null,"2025-0111","Taxon <em>ruficeps </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ortalis motmot </em>based on consistent differences in morphology and vocalizations (Tomotani et al. 2020).","north-central Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,"varcha3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varcha3","avibase-9DD9E321",null,null,"Brazil; the type is from the State of Pará.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/590/mode/1up","Penelope ruficeps"],["749","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis canicollis","(Wagler, 1830)","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1112","Chaco Chachalaca","Chaco Chachalaca","Chaco Chachalaca",null,null,"flooded forest, dry to humid Chaco woodland, semi-deciduous and gallery forest and woodland, palm groves from the Pantanal of south-central Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso southward across eastern Bolivia and central Paraguay to northern Argentina, southward to central Córdoba and San Luis",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678328","chacha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chacha1","avibase-497B576C",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 336.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/590/mode/1up","Penelope canicollis"],["750","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis canicollis canicollis","(Wagler, 1830)","Isis von Oken 23, heft 11 col.1112",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of eastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0050F674",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 336.","Revisio Generis Penelope","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/590/mode/1up","Penelope canicollis"],["751","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis canicollis pantanalensis","Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.27 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8AF738F",null,null,"Near mouth of the Rio San Lorenzo, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4595/","Ortalis canicollis pantanalensis"],["752","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis garrula","(Humboldt, 1805)","Recueil d'observations de zoologie et d'anatomie comparée, faites dans l'Océan Atlantique, dans l'intérieur du nouveau continent et dans la mer du sud pendant les années 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 et 1803 p.4","Chestnut-winged Chachalaca","Chestnut-winged Chachalaca","Chestnut-winged Chachalaca",null,null,"woodland and scrub of northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678312","chwcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwcha1","avibase-B679EB0C",null,null,"'riviere de la Madeleine, dans la province de Caracas et dans la Nouvelle-Andalousie' = Magdalena River, Colombia.",null,null,"Phasianus garrulus"],["753","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis ruficauda","Jardine, 1847","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.20, no.135 p.374","Rufous-vented Chachalaca","Rufous-vented Chachalaca","Rufous-vented Chachalaca",null,null,"northeastern Colombia, Venezuela, and Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678315","ruvcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvcha1","avibase-E6447877",null,null,"Tobago.","XXXVI. Horae Zoologicae. [Continued from p. 334.] Birds of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19465#page/434/mode/1up","Ortalida ruficauda"],["754","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis ruficauda ruficrissa","Sclater & Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.538,note",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3A56C2F",null,null,"Valle de Upar, 4400 ft., south side of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.","Synopsis of the Cracidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/626/mode/1up","Ortalida ruficrissa"],["755","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis ruficauda ruficauda","Jardine, 1847","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.20, no.135 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela including Isla Margarita, and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDBD8005",null,null,"Tobago.","XXXVI. Horae Zoologicae. [Continued from p. 334.] Birds of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19465#page/434/mode/1up","Ortalida ruficauda"],["756","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis araucuan","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.56, pl.74","East Brazilian Chachalaca","East Brazilian Chachalaca","East Brazilian Chachalaca",null,null,"eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731569","specha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/specha2","avibase-7C8C422A",null,null,"Rio Itapicuru, Maranhão, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/70/mode/1up","Penelope araucuan"],["757","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis squamata","Lesson, 1829","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 59 p.195","Scaled Chachalaca","Scaled Chachalaca","Scaled Chachalaca","2025-0706","Taxon <em>remota </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ortalis guttata</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>O. squamata, </em>although Silveira et al. (2017) further proposed <em>remota </em>be recognised as a full species on the basis of differences in plumage and bare part color. As plumage traits appear to align <em>remota </em>more closely to <em>O. guttata,</em> it is placed there pending further research including genetic data.","southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155246763","specha4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/specha4","avibase-407F8A84",null,null,"South America: type is from the State of Santa Catharina, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81599#page/201/mode/1up","Ortalida squamata"],["758","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis columbiana","Hellmayr, 1906","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Kl2 22 p.694","Colombian Chachalaca","Colombian Chachalaca","Colombian Chachalaca",null,null,"northern and central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728519","colcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colcha1","avibase-1F58D15F",null,null,"Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110344#page/806/mode/1up","Ortalis columbiana"],["759","species","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis guttata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.55, pl.73","Speckled Chachalaca","Speckled Chachalaca","Speckled Chachalaca","2025-0706","Taxon <em>remota </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ortalis guttata</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>O. squamata, </em>although Silveira et al. (2017) further proposed <em>remota </em>be recognised as a full species on the basis of differences in plumage and bare part color. As plumage traits appear to align <em>remota </em>more closely to <em>O. guttata,</em> it is placed there pending further research including genetic data.","varied woodland types and forest edge in lowlands and hills from eastern Colombia eastward to Pará (northeastern Brazil) and southward through eastern Peru and Bolivia eastward to Mato Grosso, and in northern São Paulo (southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155238855","specha3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/specha3","avibase-3BA3E03E",null,null,"Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/69/mode/1up","Penelope guttata"],["760","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis guttata guttata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.55, pl.73",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Ecuador, Peru, northern Bolivia, and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4120D96",null,null,"Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/69/mode/1up","Penelope guttata"],["761","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis guttata subaffinis","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and northeastern Bolivia and adjacent southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C51AAD2F",null,null,"Buena vista, Bolivia.","Critical notes on the Cracidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/233/mode/1up","Ortalis guttata subaffinis"],["762","subspecies","Galliformes","Cracidae","Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas","Ortalis guttata remota","Pinto, 1960","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 14, no.2 p.11",null,null,null,"2025-0706","Taxon <em>remota </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ortalis guttata</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>O. squamata, </em>although Silveira et al. (2017) further proposed <em>remota </em>be recognised as a full species on the basis of differences in plumage and bare part color. As plumage traits appear to align <em>remota </em>more closely to <em>O. guttata,</em> it is placed there pending further research including genetic data.","southeastern Brazil (eastern Mato Grosso do Sul and northern São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-991BF83D",null,null,"Porto Sapé, Rio Pardo, SE Mato Grosso, Brazil","Algumas adendas à avifauna brasileira","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208846","Ortalis guttata remota"],["763","family","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numididae",null,null,"Guineafowl","Guineafowl","Guineafowl",null,null,null,null,null,null,"numidi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/numidi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["764","genus","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida","Linnaeus, 1764","Museum S:æ R:æ M:tis Adolphi Friderici Regis Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque (etc.) 2 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus meleagris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209402#page/763/mode/1up","Numida"],["765","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158","Helmeted Guineafowl","Helmeted Guineafowl","Helmeted Guineafowl",null,null,"open country, wooded savanna, and thornscrub throughout sub-Saharan Africa eastward to eastern Somalia and southward to central Namibia and eastern South Africa and Eswatini (except rainforest); western and central South Africa (the latter now inhabited by non-native domestics); population in northwestern Morocco likely extinct; introduced in Canary Islands and Cabo Verde, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Arabian Peninsula, Caribbean, Australia, and New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679555","helgui","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helgui","avibase-1044B438",null,null,"Africa = Nubia, upper Nile, ex Hasselquist.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus Meleagris"],["766","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris sabyi","Hartert, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Morocco between Oum Er-Rbia and Sebou rivers (possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED253FD5",null,null,"Western Morocco, type from near Oulm^s, Azemur district.","Description and notes on a new species of Guinea-Fowl from western Marocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/207/mode/1up","Numida sabyi"],["767","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris galeatus","Pallas, 1767","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.4 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"western Africa to southern Chad, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A97ECAD",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/159/mode/1up","Numida galeata"],["768","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris meleagris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Chad to Ethiopia, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD1245CB",null,null,"Africa = Nubia, upper Nile, ex Hasselquist.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus Meleagris"],["769","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris somaliensis","Neumann, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EE0415B",null,null,"Somaliland, type from near Berbera.","Neue und wenig bekannte afrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/41/mode/1up","Numida somaliensis"],["770","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris reichenowi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.536 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8601529F",null,null,"Makarungu, Ukambani district, Kenya Colony.","On a new Species of Guinea-fowl.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/572/mode/1up","Numida reichenowi"],["771","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris mitratus","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.4 no.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania to eastern Mozambique, Zambia, and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B39258E",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,null,"Meleagris mitrata"],["772","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris marungensis","Schalow, 1884","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Congo basin to western Angola and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC17E917",null,null,"Marungu Country, southwest of Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/115/mode/1up","Numida coronata marungensis"],["773","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris papillosus","Reichenow, 1894","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 2 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Botswana and Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E9B6CE8",null,null,"Kalahari Desert, south of Ngami.","Das Helmperlhuhn von Damara-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35476#page/161/mode/1up","Numida papillosa"],["774","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Numida meleagris coronatus","Gurney, 1868","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B99184F3",null,null,"South Africa, ex Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., pt. 3, Gallinae, 1844, p. 29.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/279/mode/1up","Numida coronata"],["775","genus","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Agelastes","Bonaparte, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.199 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Agelastes meleagrides [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/205/mode/1up","Agelastes"],["776","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Agelastes meleagrides","Bonaparte, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.199 p.145","White-breasted Guineafowl","White-breasted Guineafowl","White-breasted Guineafowl",null,null,"Upper Guinea forest of southeastern Sierra Leone to Ivory Coast and western Ghana",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679545","whbgui1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbgui1","avibase-E0EE1B89",null,null,"No locality given = Gold Coast.","On the Lorine genus of Parrots, Eclectus, with the description of a new species, Eclectus Cornelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/205/mode/1up","Agelastes meleagrides"],["777","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Agelastes niger","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.322","Black Guineafowl","Black Guineafowl","Black Guineafowl",null,null,"Congolian forest of southeastern Nigeria to northern Angola and far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679551","blagui1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blagui1","avibase-38193321",null,null,"Cape Lopez, French Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/342/mode/1up","Phasidus niger"],["778","genus","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Acryllium","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Numida vulturina [Hardwicke, 1834]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/75/mode/1up","Acryllium"],["779","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Acryllium vulturinum","(Hardwicke, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.18 p.52","Vulturine Guineafowl","Vulturine Guineafowl","Vulturine Guineafowl",null,null,"arid acacia scrub of southern Ethiopia and Somalia to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679572","vulgui1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vulgui1","avibase-F7A3FA35",null,null,"West Africa, error = Tsavo, Kenya Colony, proposed by Friedmann, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 136.","Description of a New Species of the genus Numida, Linn., from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/64/mode/1up","Numida vulturina"],["780","genus","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1225",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Numida cristata [Pallas, 1767]; type by monotypy = Guttera pallasi Stone, 1912",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/659/mode/1up","Guttera"],["781","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera plumifera","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.321","Plumed Guineafowl","Plumed Guineafowl","Plumed Guineafowl",null,null,"lowland Congolian rainforest from southern Cameroon and southern Central African Republic eastward to the Rift Valley of Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and Cabinda (northwestern Angola)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679560","plugui1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plugui1","avibase-374253A6",null,null,"Cape Lopez, French Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/341/mode/1up","Numida plumifera"],["782","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera plumifera plumifera","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Congo basin, northern Gabon, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E43A4BE5",null,null,"Cape Lopez, French Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/341/mode/1up","Numida plumifera"],["783","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera plumifera schubotzi","Reichenow, 1912","Journal für Ornithologie 60, no.2 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rift Valley and forest west of Lake Tanganyika",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-791F9496",null,null,"Koloka, Uelle River.","Neue Arten aus dem Uelle-Gebiet in Mittel-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43502#page/344/mode/1up","Guttera plumifera schubotzi"],["784","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera pucherani","(Hartlaub, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.341","Eastern Crested Guineafowl","Eastern Crested Guineafowl","Eastern Crested Guineafowl","2025-0113","Taxa <em>edouardi </em>(polytypic, including <em>barbata</em>) and <em>verreauxi </em>(polytypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Guttera pucherani</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage, eye color, and bare parts color. However, further research is needed including investigation of potential hybrid zones and formal bioacoustic analysis. Genetic data would also be informative.","Somalia to Tanzania, Zanzibar, and Tumbatu Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725212","cregui3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cregui3","avibase-35D60F12",null,null,"Zanzibar.","Drei neue africanische Vögel der Pariser Sammlung.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/353/mode/1up","Numida Pucherani"],["785","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera verreauxi","(Elliot, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.300","Western Crested Guineafowl","Western Crested Guineafowl","Western Crested Guineafowl","2025-0113","Taxa <em>edouardi </em>(polytypic, including <em>barbata</em>) and <em>verreauxi </em>(polytypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Guttera pucherani</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage, eye color, and bare parts color. However, further research is needed including investigation of potential hybrid zones and formal bioacoustic analysis. Genetic data would also be informative.","forest of western Africa to western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45479083","cregui2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cregui2","avibase-9D29C252",null,null,"Natal, South Africa","[Letter from London, 28th March, 1870].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/322/mode/1up","Numida verreauxi"],["786","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera verreauxi verreauxi","(Elliot, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea-Bissau to western Kenya and southward to Angola and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23A5A05B",null,null,"Natal, South Africa","[Letter from London, 28th March, 1870].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/322/mode/1up","Numida verreauxi"],["787","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera verreauxi sclateri","Reichenow, 1898","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91C349C4",null,null,"Edea, Cameroon.","Guttera sclateri Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/129/mode/1up","Guttera sclateri"],["788","species","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera edouardi","(Hartlaub, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.85 p.36","Southern Crested Guineafowl","Southern Crested Guineafowl","Southern Crested Guineafowl","2025-0113","Taxa <em>edouardi </em>(polytypic, including <em>barbata</em>) and <em>verreauxi </em>(polytypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Guttera pucherani</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage, eye color, and bare parts color. However, further research is needed including investigation of potential hybrid zones and formal bioacoustic analysis. Genetic data would also be informative.","lowland and foothill miombo, coastal, and gallery woodland in southeastern Africa from Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique southward to northeastern South Africa (KwaZula-Natal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725223","cregui4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cregui4","avibase-34703319",null,null,"Coast of Natal.","Ueber eine neue Numida. Nach brieflichen Mittheilungen von Jules Verreaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/48/mode/1up","Numida Edouardi"],["789","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera edouardi barbata","Ghigi, 1905","Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (6), 2 p.194,196, fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to eastern Mozambique and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46696F55",null,null,"Madagascar! Error = ?","Revisione del genere Guttera Wagler.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119503#page/242/mode/1up","Guttera barbata"],["790","subspecies","Galliformes","Numididae","Guineafowl","Guttera edouardi edouardi","(Hartlaub, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.85 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia to Mozambique and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E8B6D2A",null,null,"Coast of Natal.","Ueber eine neue Numida. Nach brieflichen Mittheilungen von Jules Verreaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/48/mode/1up","Numida Edouardi"],["791","family","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophoridae",null,null,"New World Quail","New World Quail","New World Quails",null,null,null,null,null,null,"odonto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/odonto1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["792","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Ptilopachus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilopachus erythrorhynchus [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy = Tetrao petrosus J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/368/mode/1up","Ptilopachus"],["793","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Ptilopachus nahani","(Dubois, 1905)","Annales du Musée du Congo: Sciences Zoologiques Ser. 4, tome 1, fasc. 1, nov. p.17 pl.10","Nahan's Partridge","Nahan's Partridge","Nahan's Partridge",null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678795","nahfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nahfra2","avibase-07A42F4E",null,null,"Popoie, Aruwimi River, Belgian Congo.","Remarques sur l'Ornithologie de l'État indépendant du Congo, suivies d'une liste des espèces recueillies jusqu'ici dans cet État.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110633#page/27/mode/1up","Francolinus nahani"],["794","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Ptilopachus petrosus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.758","Stone Partridge","Stone Partridge","Stone Partridge",null,null,"rocky slopes in scrub or patchy woodland from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward through Chad and southwestern Sudan to Eritrea and Ethiopia, southward to Central African Republic and eastward to central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679110","stopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stopar1","avibase-57B05159",null,null,"Gambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/259/mode/1up","Tetrao petrosus"],["795","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Ptilopachus petrosus petrosus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.758",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41FB6466",null,null,"Gambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/259/mode/1up","Tetrao petrosus"],["796","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Ptilopachus petrosus brehmi","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chad to central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C851142",null,null,"Jebel Melpes [= Jebil Melbis], Kordofan.","Exhibition and description of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/94/mode/1up","Ptilopachus fuscus brehmi"],["797","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Ptilopachus petrosus major","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eritrea and northwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1723DB26",null,null,"Arba Schiko, Eritrea.","Birds collected by the Childs Frick Expedition to Ethiopia and Kenya Colony. Part I Non-Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/94/mode/1up","Ptilopachus fuscus major"],["798","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Ptilopachus petrosus florentiae","Ogilvie-Grant, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan and southern Ethiopia to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024E6478",null,null,"Gessema, Kenya Colony.","[Description of a new species of Stone-Pheasant from British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/139/mode/1up","Ptilopachys florentiae"],["799","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Rhynchortyx","Ogilvie-Grant, 1893","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Odontophorus cinctus [Salvin, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34477#page/463/mode/1up","Rhynchortyx"],["800","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Rhynchortyx cinctus","(Salvin, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.23 p.379","Tawny-faced Quail","Tawny-faced Quail","Tawny-faced Quail",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Honduras to northern Costa Rica and disjunctly eastern Panama, thence west of the Andes to northwestern Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679720","tafqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tafqua1","avibase-8A792FFC",null,null,"Veraguas, western Panama","On two additional Species of Central-American Odontophorinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/401/mode/1up","Odontophorus cinctus"],["801","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Rhynchortyx cinctus pudibundus","Peters, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.12 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Honduras and eastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D0D734E",null,null,"Lancetilla, 1000 ft., Honduras.","An ornithological survey in the Caribbean Lowlands of Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/517/mode/1up","Rhynchortyx cinctus pudibundus"],["802","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Rhynchortyx cinctus cinctus","(Salvin, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.23 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama, also the Pacific slope of eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EF92B59",null,null,"Veraguas, western Panama","On two additional Species of Central-American Odontophorinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/401/mode/1up","Odontophorus cinctus"],["803","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Rhynchortyx cinctus australis","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C9C5BD9",null,null,"Barbacoas, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Rhynchortyx cinctus australis"],["804","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Oreortyx","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xlv,638,642",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ortyx picta [Douglas, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/268177#page/702/mode/1up","Oreortyx"],["805","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Oreortyx pictus","(Douglas, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.143","Mountain Quail","Mountain Quail","Mountain Quail",null,null,"montane western North America, from Washington southward through the Cascades, coast ranges, and Sierra Nevada to Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679591","mouqua","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouqua","avibase-171E91FF",null,null,"'Interior of New California' = headwaters of the Umpqua River near the Calapooia Mountains, fide Oberholser supra p. 82.","Observations on some species of the Genera Tetrao and Ortyx, natives of North America, with descriptions of four new species of the former, and two of the latter genus [in Proceedings of the Linnaean Society, Dec. 16, 1828].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/156/mode/1up","Ortyx picta"],["806","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Oreortyx pictus pictus","(Douglas, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Washington to northwestern California (northwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-362B6B6B",null,null,"'Interior of New California' = headwaters of the Umpqua River near the Calapooia Mountains, fide Oberholser supra p. 82.","Observations on some species of the Genera Tetrao and Ortyx, natives of North America, with descriptions of four new species of the former, and two of the latter genus [in Proceedings of the Linnaean Society, Dec. 16, 1828].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/156/mode/1up","Ortyx picta"],["807","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Oreortyx pictus plumifer","(Gould, 1837)","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.1 pl.9,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Oregon, northeastern California, and western Nevada (northwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FE21E6D",null,null,"restricted to Wasco County, Oregon (Browning 1977, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 90(4): 811)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/43/mode/1up","Ortyx plumifera"],["808","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Oreortyx pictus russelli","Miller, 1946","The Condor 48, no.2 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Little San Bernardino Mountains, California (southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A83E2966",null,null,"near Pinyon Wells, 2 miles southwest, 4300 feet, Little San Bernardino Mountains, Riverside County, California","Endemic birds of the Little San Bernardino Mountains, California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol48/iss2/3/","Oreortyx picta russelli"],["809","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Oreortyx pictus eremophilus","Van Rossem, 1937","The Condor 39, no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California (southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A54D9DD",null,null,"Lang Spring, Mount Spring Canon, Argus Mountains, Inyo County, California, 6000 feet","A Review of the Races of the Mountain Quail","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol39/iss1/7/","Oreortyx picta eremophila"],["810","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Oreortyx pictus confinis","Anthony, 1889","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (2), 2 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47CC3CF3",null,null,"San Pedro Martir Mountains, 8500 ft.. Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31479#page/84/mode/1up","Oreortyx picta confinis"],["811","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx","Gould, 1844","A monograph of the Odontophorinæ, or partridges of America pt1 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ortyx macroura [Jardine & Selby, 1828]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Dendrortyx"],["812","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx leucophrys","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.128 p.132","Buffy-crowned Wood Partridge","Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge","Buffy-crowned Wood-partridge",null,null,"montane forest and second growth from eastern Chiapas (far southeastern Mexico) through northern Nicaragua, and disjunctly central Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679586","bcwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcwpar1","avibase-AF3E329B",null,null,"Coban, Guatemala.","Description of four new species of Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/500/mode/1up","Ortyx leucophrys"],["813","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx leucophrys leucophrys","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.128 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C0F9BA1",null,null,"Coban, Guatemala.","Description of four new species of Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/500/mode/1up","Ortyx leucophrys"],["814","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx leucophrys hypospodius","Salvin, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D628C137",null,null,"Azahas [= Azahar] de Cartago, Costa Rica.","[Description of an apparently new species of American Partridge].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/365/mode/1up","Dendrortyx hypospodius"],["815","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx barbatus","Gould, 1846","A monograph of the Odontophorinæ, or partridges of America pt2 pl.2","Bearded Wood Partridge","Bearded Wood-Partridge","Bearded Wood-partridge",null,null,"humid montane forest of northeastern Mexico",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679576","bewpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bewpar1","avibase-B2082233",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250453#page/116/mode/1up","Dendrortyx barbatus"],["816","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx macroura","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.3 pl.49, with text","Long-tailed Wood Partridge","Long-tailed Wood-Partridge","Long-tailed Wood-partridge",null,null,"montane forest of Pacific slope from Jalisco (west-central Mexico) through transvolcanic belt to Puebla and southward to south-central Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679581","ltwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltwpar1","avibase-B6A6A4A0",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/329/mode/1up","Ortyx macroura"],["817","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx macroura macroura","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.3 pl.49, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (valley of México and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1E5E26B",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/329/mode/1up","Ortyx macroura"],["818","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx macroura griseipectus","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of mountains of Distrito Federal, México, and Morelos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9440C93",null,null,"Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Dendrortyx macrourus griseipectus"],["819","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx macroura diversus","Friedmann, 1943","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 33, no.9 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (montane oak-pine forest of northwestern Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F6AB583",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico","A new Wood-Quail of the genus Dendrortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122683#page/321/mode/1up","Dendrortyx macroura diversus"],["820","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx macroura striatus","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (southern Jalisco to Michoacán and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76E4DCC7",null,null,"Mountains near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Dendrortyx macrourus striatus"],["821","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx macroura inesperatus","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chilpancingo area of Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FAEA147",null,null,"Río San Marcial below San Miguel Suchixtepec, municipio de Miahuatlan, Oaxaca (16 05'N, 96 26'W)","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/129/mode/1up","Dendrortyx macroura inesperatus"],["822","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dendrortyx macroura oaxacae","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (montane oak-pine forest of western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C73ED7B7",null,null,"Totontepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Dendrortyx oaxacae"],["823","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Philortyx","Gould, 1846","A monograph of the Odontophorinæ, or partridges of America pt2 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ortyx fasciatus [Gould, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Philortyx"],["824","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Philortyx fasciatus","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.128 p.133","Banded Quail","Banded Quail","Banded Quail",null,null,"arid western Mexico (southwestern Jalisco to southeastern Guerrero, Morelos, and Puebla)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679615","banqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banqua1","avibase-4DE41E52",null,null,"California, error = Mexico.","Description of four new species of Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/501/mode/1up","Ortyx fasciatus"],["825","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus","Goldfuss, 1820","Handbuch der Zoologie [Goldfuss] 2 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao virginianus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Tetrao virginianus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=aPN8cFZ-XhQC&pg=PA220","Colinus"],["826","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus leucopogon","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.175","Spot-bellied Bobwhite","Spot-bellied Bobwhite","Spot-bellied Bobwhite","2025-0114","Taxon <em>leucopogon</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Colinus cristatus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, most notably the size of the crest and facial color. Nevertheless, extensive variation occurs within each group and levels of intergradation within, and possibly between them, requires further study. Genetic and vocal data would also be informative.","arid grassland, scrub, dry and weedy savannas, coffee plantations, and grassy fields from southeastern Guatemala and northern Honduras southward to northwestern Costa Rica and along the central valley to central Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45093155","crebob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebob2","avibase-E1CB174C",null,null,"San Carlos, Central America = La Union, El Salvador.","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/185/mode/1up","Ortyx leucopogon"],["827","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus leucopogon incanus","Friedmann, 1944","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 57 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04D1A741",null,null,"Saloma, Baja Vera Paz, Guatemala","A review of the forms of Colinus leucopogon (Lesson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/246/mode/1up","Colinus leucopogon incanus"],["828","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus leucopogon hypoleucus","(Gould, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"western El Salvador and adjacent Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D88AAC4D",null,null,"Acajutla, 'Mexico' [= Salvador].","Description of a New Species of American Partridge.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/96/mode/1up","Eupsychortyx hypoleucus"],["829","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus leucopogon leucopogon","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern El Salvador and western Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D266F83",null,null,"San Carlos, Central America = La Union, El Salvador.","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/185/mode/1up","Ortyx leucopogon"],["830","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus leucopogon leylandi","(Moore, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F9549B3",null,null,"'Flores on the road from Omoa to Comayagua,' Honduras.","List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Joseph Leyland in Honduras, Belize, and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/96/mode/1up","Ortyx leylandi"],["831","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus leucopogon sclateri","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.883",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and central Honduras to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-769B6A6A",null,null,"no locality [= western Nicaragua, according to van Rossem 1934]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/893/mode/1up","Eupsichortyx sclateri"],["832","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus leucopogon dickeyi","Conover, 1932","The Condor 34, no.4 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and west-central Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91799424",null,null,"Las Caiias, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.","A new race of Bob-White from Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol34/iss4/2/","Colinus leucopogon dickeyi"],["833","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.277","Crested Bobwhite","Crested Bobwhite","Crested Bobwhite","2025-0114","Taxon <em>leucopogon</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Colinus cristatus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, most notably the size of the crest and facial color. Nevertheless, extensive variation occurs within each group and levels of intergradation within, and possibly between them, requires further study. Genetic and vocal data would also be informative.","savanna of southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí) to coastal northern Venezuela to the Guianas and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45093141","crebob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebob1","avibase-5C8A2A0C",null,null,"Mexico, Guiana  = Curaçao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/281/mode/1up","Tetrao cristatus"],["834","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus mariae","Wetmore, 1962","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145, no.1 p.5-6",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22C68F74",null,null,"7 kilometers south of Chiriquí, Panama","Systematic notes concerned with the avifauna of Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109667#page/23/mode/1up","Colinus cristatus mariae"],["835","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus panamensis","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1930","The Condor 32, no.1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Pacific slope of west-central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2982A90A",null,null,"Agua Dulce, Code, western Panama.","The identity of Ortyx leucopogon Lesson.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol32/iss1/22/","Colinus leucotis panamensis"],["836","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus decoratus","(Todd, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of Colombia (northern Magdalena southward to northern Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-453B83C0",null,null,"Calamar, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/26/mode/1up","Eupsychortyx decoratus"],["837","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus littoralis","(Todd, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern base of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C749A3AE",null,null,"Mamotoco, Santa Marta region, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/26/mode/1up","Eupsychortyx cristatus littoralis"],["838","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (eastern Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) eastward through the Guajira Peninsula to the coast of northwestern Venezuela; also Aruba and Curaçao (where possibly introduced)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39A9EA92",null,null,"Mexico, Guiana  = Curaçao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/281/mode/1up","Tetrao cristatus"],["839","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus horvathi","(Madarász, 1904)","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-307CBA92",null,null,"Perigosa [ = Pedregosa], 1600 met., near MMda, Venezuela.",null,"http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1904_Vol_2_1_115.pdf","Eupsychortyx horvathi"],["840","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus barnesi","Gilliard, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1071 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Venezuela (Portuguesa and Barinas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8731B98B",null,null,"Pedraga (Ciudad Bolivia), Barina, uppe Apure Valley, Venezuela","Descriptions of seven new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2235/","Colinus cristatus barnési"],["841","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus sonnini","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.451,737",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Venezuela (Carabobo and Caracas) through Orinoco Basin and Guianas to far northern Brazil (northeastern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54FE27C3",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/465/mode/1up","Perdix Sonnini"],["842","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus mocquerysi","(Hartert, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.17 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Sucre, northern Monagas, and northern Anzoátegui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-136DB3BF",null,null,"Cumaná, Venezuela.","[An apparently new species of Eupsychortyx from Cumaná, on the north coast of Venezuela].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/135/mode/1up","Eupsychortyx mocquerysi"],["843","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus leucotis","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.128 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"upper and middle sections of Magdalena Valley, and middle Sinú Valley, in central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A7BFBFE",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá = Honda, 600 ft. Magdalena River, Colombia, suggested by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 199.","Description of four new species of Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/501/mode/1up","Ortyx leucotis"],["844","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus badius","Conover, 1938","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Cauca Valley to Pacific slope of western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54C89014",null,null,"El Tambo, 5100 feet, Cauca, Colombia","A new race of Bob White from the Cauca valley, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/75/mode/1up","Colinus cristatus badius"],["845","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus bogotensis","Dugand, 1943","Caldasia 2, no.17 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58084738",null,null,"Suba (10 km. n of Bogotá), Sabana de Bogotá, 2600 m alt.","Dos nuevas aves de Colombia. Colinus cristatus : Clave analitica y distribucion geografica de las subespecies conocidas en Colombia.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/31871/31898","Colinus cristatus bogotensis"],["846","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus cristatus parvicristatus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (eastern slope of eastern Andes in Boyacá and Cundinamarca, through Meta and llanos) to south-central Venezuela (northwestern Bolívar and northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CCCDD7D",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/474/mode/1up","Ortyx parvicristatus"],["847","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus nigrogularis","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.119 p.181","Yucatan Bobwhite","Black-throated Bobwhite","Black-throated Bobwhite",null,null,"dry scrub and fields of lowlands of Yucatan Peninsula (eastern Mexico) including Petén (northern Guatemala) and to southern Belize; disjunctly eastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679623","bltbob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltbob1","avibase-2F9C259A",null,null,"Mexico = Yucatan; of. Cabot, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 4, 1844, p. 460.","Exhibition of some new species of the genus Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/333/mode/1up","Ortyx nigrogularis"],["848","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus nigrogularis caboti","Van Tyne & Trautman, 1941","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.439 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula (northern Campeche, Yucatán, and northern Quintana Roo, southeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4C56D3F",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan","New Birds from Yucatán.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56878","Colinus nigrogularis caboti"],["849","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus nigrogularis persiccus","Van Tyne & Trautman, 1941","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.439 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Progreso area of Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB2EFF55",null,null,"5 km south of Progreso, Yucatan [Mexico]","New Birds from Yucatán.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56878","Colinus nigrogularis persiccus"],["850","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus nigrogularis nigrogularis","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.119 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Belize and adjacent northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B895411",null,null,"Mexico = Yucatan; of. Cabot, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 4, 1844, p. 460.","Exhibition of some new species of the genus Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/333/mode/1up","Ortyx nigrogularis"],["851","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus nigrogularis segoviensis","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.593",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C9F4B27",null,null,"Segovia River, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/607/mode/1up","Colinus nigrogularis segoviensis"],["852","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.161","Northern Bobwhite","Northern Bobwhite","Northern Bobwhite",null,null,"eastern USA to western Guatemala; introduced to much of western North America, Bahamas, Hispaniola, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia, and southern Japan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728956","norbob","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norbob","avibase-91CCBC71",null,null,"'America' = Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/180/mode/1up","Tetrao virginianus"],["853","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus virginianus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and eastern North America from south-central Canada to northern Florida (southeastern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF9F5538",null,null,"'America' = Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/180/mode/1up","Tetrao virginianus"],["854","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus floridanus","(Coues, 1872)","Key to North American birds, containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Florida, including keys (except Key West) and Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3DBFE6D",null,null,"Florida, type from Enterprise, Volusia County.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180340#page/263/mode/1up","Ortyx virginianus var. floridanus"],["855","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus insulanus","Howe, 1904","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Key West, southwestern Florida (southeastern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD62B836",null,null,"Key West, Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/186/mode/1up","Colinus virginianus insulanus"],["856","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus cubanensis","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.514",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3E02CEA",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/87/mode/1up","Ortyx cubanensis"],["857","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus taylori","Lincoln, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"South Dakota to northern Texas, western Missouri, and northwestern Arkansas (central USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05742D54",null,null,"Laird, Yuma County, Colorado.","Description of a new Bob-White from Colorado.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/137/mode/1up","Colinus virginianus taylori"],["858","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus ridgwayi","Brewster, 1885","The Auk 2, no.2 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (north-central Sonora); extirpated in Arizona (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F822075F",null,null,"18 miles southwest of Sasabe, Sonora, Mexico [= lat. 31° 20' N.; long. 111° 50' W.]","Additional notes on some birds collected in Arizona and the adjoining Province of Sonora, Mexico, by Mr. F. Stephens in 1884 ; with a description of a new species of Ortyx'.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol2/iss2/15/","Colinus ridgwayi"],["859","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus texanus","(Lawrence, 1853)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Texas (southern USA) to northern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24AAABAD",null,null,"Near Ringgold Barracks, Texas.","Descriptions of new species of birds of genus Ortyx, Sterna and Icteria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/15/mode/1up","Ortyx Texanus"],["860","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus maculatus","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (central Tamaulipas to northern Veracruz and southeastern San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B261523",null,null,"Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Colinus virginianus maculatus"],["861","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus aridus","Aldrich, 1942","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (central and west-central Tamaulipas to southeastern San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6F3B133",null,null,"Jaumave, Tamaulipas, Mexico","New Bobwhite from north-eastern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/85/mode/1up","Colinus virginianus aridus"],["862","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus graysoni","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mexico (southern Nayarit to Morelos, southern Hidalgo, and San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AE5192D",null,null,"Guadalajara, Mexico.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/496/mode/1up","Ortyx graysoni"],["863","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus nigripectus","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Puebla, Morelos, and México)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E130B71",null,null,"Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Colinus graysoni nigripectus"],["864","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus pectoralis","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.119 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (east slopes of mountains of central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBDFEDCD",null,null,"Mexico.","Exhibition of some new species of the genus Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/334/mode/1up","Ortyx pectoralis"],["865","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus godmani","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43CDA205",null,null,"Jaltipan, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Colinus godmani"],["866","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus minor","Nelson, 1901","The Auk 18, no.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (northeastern Chiapas and adjacent Tabasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DE787DD",null,null,"Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of five new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss1/5/","Colinus minor"],["867","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus insignis","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Chiapas) and adjacent Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4562C69",null,null,"Nenton, Guatemala.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Colinus insignis"],["868","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus salvini","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (coastal southern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C55F41E",null,null,"Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Colinus salvini"],["869","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus coyoleos","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9615DFD",null,null,"Mexico, based on 'le Coyolcos' of Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/149/mode/1up","Tetrao Coyoleos"],["870","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus thayeri","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.8 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (northeastern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A28264",null,null,"Chivela, Oaxaca, Mexico.","A collection of Birds from Oaxaca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/448/mode/1up","Colinus virginianus thayeri"],["871","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus harrisoni","Orr & Webster, 1968","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 81 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southwestern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2523D9E",null,null,"5.1 mile, SW San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1800 ft. elev., Oaxaca, Mexico","New subspecies of birds from Oaxaca (Aves: Phasianidae, Turdidae, Parulidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107600#page/53/mode/1up","Colinus virginianus harrisoni"],["872","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Colinus virginianus atriceps","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (interior of western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F93A778",null,null,"Putla, Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34477#page/444/mode/1up","Ortyx atriceps"],["873","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.277",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Callipepla strenua [Wagler, 1832]; type by monotypy = Ortyx squamatus Vigors, 1830",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/157/mode/1up","Callipepla"],["874","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla gambelii","(Gambel, 1843)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1, no.25 p.260","Gambel's Quail","Gambel's Quail","Gambel's Quail",null,null,"desert typically with mesquite in lowlands and hills from southeastern California and western Colorado (southwestern USA) to central Sinaloa and far northern Chihuahua (northwestern Mexico); introduced Hawaiian Islands (Lanai, Kaho'olawe, and Hawaii)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679609","gamqua","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gamqua","avibase-C1ED9F86",null,null,"'Some distance west [i.e. east] of California' = southern Nevada, fide A. 0. U. committee 1910.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17886#page/274/mode/1up","Lophortyx Gambelii"],["875","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla gambelii gambelii","(Gambel, 1843)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1, no.25 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nevada to Arizona (southwestern USA) and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B07678F6",null,null,"'Some distance west [i.e. east] of California' = southern Nevada, fide A. 0. U. committee 1910.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17886#page/274/mode/1up","Lophortyx Gambelii"],["876","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla gambelii ignoscens","(Friedmann, 1943)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 33, no.12 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Mexico and far western Texas (southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-080D4855",null,null,"San Elezario, Texas, December 1855, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly.","A new race of Gambel's Quail","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122683#page/431/mode/1up","Lophortyx gambelii ignoscens"],["877","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla gambelii fulvipectus","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico from central Sonora southward to northwestern Sinaloa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8DCE7D2",null,null,"Camoa, Río Mayo, Sonora.","Descriptions of New Birds from Mexico","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Callipepla gambeli fulvipectus"],["878","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla gambelii stephensi","(Phillips, 1959)","Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoologia 29 361-374",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora adjacent to Sinaloa border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B6770B0",null,null,"Extreme southern sonora, 7.2 km north of El Carrizo, Sinaloa","Las subspecies de la cordoniz de Gambel y el problema de los cambros climaticos en Sonora","https://anales.ib.unam.mx/index.php/anales/article/view/1113/1371","Lophortyx gambelii stephensi"],["879","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla californica","(Shaw, 1798)","The naturalist's miscellany 9, no.12 pl.345","California Quail","California Quail","California Quail",null,null,"Oregon to southern Baja California (western USA to northwestern Mexico); introduced to Corsica, King and Norfolk islands (Australia), New Zealand (North and South islands), Hawaiian Islands (Molokai, Maui, Hawaii), far southwestern Canada, northwestern USA, and central Chile and west-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679603","calqua","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calqua","avibase-F93AC929",null,null,"California = Monterey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124620#page/277/mode/1up","Tetrao californicus"],["880","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla californica brunnescens","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern coastal California to southern Santa Cruz County (western USA); introduced to Corsica, King and Norfolk islands (Australia), New Zealand (North and South islands), Hawaiian Islands (Molokai, Maui, Hawaii), far southwestern Canada, northwestern USA, and central Chile and west-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB360871",null,null,"Santa Barbara, California, error = San Francisco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/166/mode/1up","Lophortyx californicus brunnescens"],["881","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla californica canfieldae","(Van Rossem, 1939)","The Auk 56, no.1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Owens Valley of east-central California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E13B48F4",null,null,"Lone Pine, Inyo County, California","An Overlooked Race of the California Quail","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol56/iss1/8/","Lophortyx californica canfieldae"],["882","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla californica californica","(Shaw, 1798)","The naturalist's miscellany 9, no.12 pl.345",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Oregon (western USA) to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80DB2793",null,null,"California = Monterey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124620#page/277/mode/1up","Tetrao californicus"],["883","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla californica catalinensis","(Grinnell, 1906)","The Auk 23, no.3 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Catalina Island (off southern California, southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F42905A",null,null,"Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, California.","The Catalina Island Quail","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol23/iss3/3/","Lophortyx catalinensis"],["884","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla californica achrustera","(Peters, 1923)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 8 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84F5F603",null,null,"La Paz, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42087#page/103/mode/1up","Lophortyx californica achrustera"],["885","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla squamata","(Vigors, 1830)","The Zoological Journal 5, no.18 p.275","Scaled Quail","Scaled Quail","Scaled Quail",null,null,"desert grassland and scrub of hills to mountains from southeastern Utah to southwestern Kansas (central USA) southward on central plateau of Mexico to Hidalgo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679594","scaqua","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaqua","avibase-C46EEE59",null,null,"Mexico.","[in XXXVII. Scientific Notices.] Notice on some species of Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/289/mode/1up","Ortyx squamatus"],["886","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla squamata pallida","Brewster, 1881","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 6 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arizona to western Texas (USA), and northern Sonora and Chihuahua (northern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0568030A",null,null,"Rio San Pedro, Arizona, cotypes from San Pedro River, cf and Fort Bowie, ? .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69165#page/86/mode/1up","Callipepla squamata pallida"],["887","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla squamata hargravei","Rea, 1973","The Condor 75, no.3 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colorado to Oklahoma, southwestern Kansas, and northwestern Texas (central USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C92058C",null,null,"Pepper Ranch, 7 miles N, 32 miles E of Folsom, Union County, New Mexico","The Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata) of the Southwest: systematic and historical consideration.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol75/iss3/9/","Callipepla squamata hargravei"],["888","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla squamata castanogastris","Brewster, 1883","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 8 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (southern USA) to northern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, and eastern Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C28F7BB8",null,null,"Rio Grande City, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105796#page/46/mode/1up","Callipepla squamata castanogastris"],["889","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla squamata squamata","(Vigors, 1830)","The Zoological Journal 5, no.18 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"northern to central Mexico (northern Sonora and southwestern Tamaulipas southward to valley of México)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7761DA3D",null,null,"Mexico.","[in XXXVII. Scientific Notices.] Notice on some species of Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/289/mode/1up","Ortyx squamatus"],["890","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla douglasii","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.354","Elegant Quail","Elegant Quail","Elegant Quail",null,null,"arid scrub of lowlands to foothills on Pacific slope from northern Sonora to northwestern Jalisco (northwestern to west-central Mexico); Tres Marias Islands (west of Nayarit)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679597","elequa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elequa","avibase-71FBF8D4",null,null,"Monterey, error = Mazatlán, Sinaloa.","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/366/mode/1up","Ortyx Douglasii"],["891","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla douglasii douglasii","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (far southern Sonora to Sinaloa and northwestern Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD82B68B",null,null,"Monterey, error = Mazatlán, Sinaloa.","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/366/mode/1up","Ortyx Douglasii"],["892","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla douglasii bensoni","Ridgway, 1887","Forest and Stream 28 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Sonora and western Chihuahua (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47DF61E6",null,null,"Campos, Sonora.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148623#page/116/mode/1up","Callipepla elegans bensoni"],["893","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla douglasii impedita","(Friedmann, 1943)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 33, no.12 p.369-370",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A07CC665",null,null,"San Blas, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico","Critical notes on the avian genus Lophortyx","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122683#page/429/mode/1up","Lophortyx douglasii impedita"],["894","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla douglasii teres","(Friedmann, 1943)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 33, no.12 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (northwestern Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54A4DEB3",null,null,"Las Palmas, NW Jalisco","Critical notes on the avian genus Lophortyx","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122683#page/429/mode/1up","Lophortyx douglasii teres"],["895","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Callipepla douglasii vanderbilti","(Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1944)","Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off Nayarit, western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-415C2A8B",null,null,"Maria Madre, Tres Marías Islands, Mexico","Results of the fifth George Vanderbilt  expedition (1941).",null,"Lophortyx douglasii vanderbilti"],["896","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Cyrtonyx","Gould, 1844","A monograph of the Odontophorinæ, or partridges of America pt1 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ortyx massena [Lesson, 1835]; type by monotypy = Ortyx montezumae Vigors, 1830",null,null,null,"Cyrtonyx"],["897","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Cyrtonyx ocellatus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.44 p.75","Ocellated Quail","Ocellated Quail","Ocellated Quail","2025-0115","Taxon <em>sallei </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyrtonyx montezumae</em> to maintain taxonomic stability pending further research. Sometimes split based on plumage differences but vocalizations are similar (Eitniear et al. 2020); furthermore, genomic data (Salter et al. 2022) suggest that subspecies <em>sallei </em>and <em>rowleyi </em>may be closer to <em>C. ocellatus</em>.","oak-pine forest of southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679717","ocequa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocequa1","avibase-A5DA64FF",null,null,"Guatemala.","Characters of a new species of Ortyx from Mexico and two new species of Zosterops from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/89/mode/1up","Ortyx ocellatus"],["898","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Cyrtonyx montezumae","(Vigors, 1830)","The Zoological Journal 5, no.18 p.275","Montezuma Quail","Montezuma Quail",null,"2025-0115","Taxon <em>sallei </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyrtonyx montezumae</em> to maintain taxonomic stability pending further research. Sometimes split based on plumage differences but vocalizations are similar (Eitniear et al. 2020); furthermore, genomic data (Salter et al. 2022) suggest that subspecies <em>sallei </em>and <em>rowleyi </em>may be closer to <em>C. ocellatus</em>.","oak woodland and fields of hills and mountains from central Arizona to west-central Texas (southwestern to south-central USA) to southern Mexico north of Isthmus of Tehuantepec",null,null,null,"monqua","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monqua","avibase-6A641ED7",null,null,"Mexico","[in XXXVII. Scientific Notices.] Notice on some species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/289/mode/1up","Ortyx Montezumae"],["899","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"central Arizona to western Texas (southwestern USA) and northern Mexico (northern Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE51D44C",null,null,"Fort Huachuca, Arizona.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi"],["900","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Cyrtonyx montezumae montezumae","(Vigors, 1830)","The Zoological Journal 5, no.18 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-512A0F01",null,null,"Mexico","[in XXXVII. Scientific Notices.] Notice on some species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/289/mode/1up","Ortyx Montezumae"],["901","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Cyrtonyx montezumae rowleyi","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Sierra de Miahuatlán of Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66CB1195",null,null,"Río San Marcial below San Miguel Suchixtepec, municipio de Miahuatlan, Oaxaca (16 05'N, 96 26'W)","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/130/mode/1up","Cyrtonyx montezumae rowleyi"],["902","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Cyrtonyx montezumae sallei","Verreaux, 1859","Arcana Naturae, ou Recueil d'Histoire Naturelle 1 p.35 [Note:CWR]",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Michoacán to Guerrero and western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-485CA167",null,null,"Mexico = State of Guerrero.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111292#page/47/mode/1up","Cyrtonyx sallei"],["903","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx","Ogilvie-Grant, 1893","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ortyx thoracicus [Gambel, 1848]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34477#page/449/mode/1up","Dactylortyx"],["904","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus","(Gambel, 1848)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.4 p.77","Singing Quail","Singing Quail","Singing Quail",null,null,"southern Nayarit on Pacific slope and central Tamaulipas on Caribbean slope (northern Mexico) through Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) to southwestern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679708","sinqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinqua1","avibase-CDF3BB98",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/101/mode/1up","Ortyx thoracicus"],["905","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus pettingilli","Warner & Harrell, 1957","Wilson Bulletin 69, no.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southwestern Tamaulipas and southeastern San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F4B5364",null,null,"Rancho del Cielo, 5 miles northwest of Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, Mexico, alt. 3300 feet, in mountain cloud forest","The systematics and biology of the Singing Quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol69/iss2/1/","Dactylortyx thoracicus pettingilli"],["906","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus thoracicus","(Gambel, 1848)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.4 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (northeastern Puebla and central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAB810CE",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/101/mode/1up","Ortyx thoracicus"],["907","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus sharpei","Nelson, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula (Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo, southeastern Mexico) to Petén (northern Guatemala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-471042B2",null,null,"Apazote, Campeche, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/165/mode/1up","Dactylortyx thoracicus sharpei"],["908","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus paynteri","Warner & Harrell, 1955","Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 14 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (south-central Quintana Roo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1277322",null,null,"12 km al oeste de Bacalar, Quintana Roo, Mexico","Una nueva raza de Dactylortyx thoracicus de Quintana Roo, Mexico.","http://repositorio.fciencias.unam.mx:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11154/143080/14VNuevaRaza.pdf?sequence=1","Dactylortyx thoracicus paynteri"],["909","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus devius","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.65,68",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61F131C4",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/87/mode/1up","Dactylortyx devius"],["910","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus melodus","Warner & Harrell, 1957","Wilson Bulletin 69, no.2 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (central Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8683D5FD",null,null,"Omilteme, 30 kilimeters west of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, alt. 7200 feet","The systematics and biology of the Singing Quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol69/iss2/1/","Dactylortyx thoracicus melodus"],["911","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus chiapensis","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.65,66",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico, from southeastern Oaxaca eastward to central Chiapas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F08AD32",null,null,"San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/87/mode/1up","Dactylortyx chiapensis"],["912","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus dolichonyx","Warner & Harrell, 1957","Wilson Bulletin 69, no.2 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Sierra Madre de Chiapas) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59E6D77B",null,null,"Cerro Ovando, Dist. Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico, alt. 2000 m","The systematics and biology of the Singing Quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol69/iss2/1/","Dactylortyx thoracicus dolichonyx"],["913","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus salvadoranus","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE5C11A4",null,null,"Volcán San Miguel, 4000 ft., Dept. of San Miguel, El Salvador.","Further descriptions of new Birds from El Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/175/mode/1up","Dactylortyx thoracicus salvadoranus"],["914","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus fuscus","Conover, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.73-74",null,null,null,null,null,"central Honduras (Francisco Morazán highlands of Tegucigalpa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-395C19CD",null,null,"Alto Cantoral, Dept. Tegucigalpa, Honduras","A new race of Dactylortyx from Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/103/mode/1up","Dactylortyx thoracicus fuscus"],["915","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Dactylortyx thoracicus conoveri","Warner & Harrell, 1957","Wilson Bulletin 69, no.2 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras (Olancho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-783E4BFF",null,null,"Catacamas, Department of Olancho, Honduras","The systematics and biology of the Singing Quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol69/iss2/1/","Dactylortyx thoracicus conoveri"],["916","genus","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.51",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao gujanensis [J.F. Gmelin, 1789]; type by monotypy = Tetrao gujanensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f57.item","Odontophorus"],["917","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus guttatus","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.56 p.79","Spotted Wood Quail","Spotted Wood-Quail","Spotted Wood-quail",null,null,"forest of southeastern Mexico to far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679703","spwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwqua1","avibase-B0E77189",null,null,"'Bay of Honduras.'","Characters of New Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/251/mode/1up","Ortyx guttata"],["918","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus erythrops","Gould, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.99","Rufous-fronted Wood Quail","Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail","Rufous-fronted Wood-quail",null,null,"north-central Colombia to southern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679645","rfwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rfwqua1","avibase-DCE5A946",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","On a new species of Odontophorus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/139/mode/1up","Odontophorus erythrops"],["919","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus erythrops parambae","Rothschild, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA0175B6",null,null,"Paramba, 3500 ft., Ecuador.","[Exhibition of three new species of birds from Northern Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/444/mode/1up","Odontophorus parambae"],["920","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus erythrops erythrops","Gould, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52E73B64",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","On a new species of Odontophorus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/139/mode/1up","Odontophorus erythrops"],["921","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus melanotis","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.586","Black-eared Wood Quail","Black-eared Wood-Quail","Black-eared Wood-quail",null,null,"humid forest of lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope of northern Honduras to far eastern Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679640","bewqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bewqua1","avibase-DE957D9D",null,null,"Tucurrique, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/682/mode/1up","Odontophorus melanotis"],["922","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus melanotis verecundus","Peters, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.12 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"humid Caribbean lowlands of Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CBA3DD3",null,null,"Lancetilla, 1100 ft., Honduras.","An ornithological survey in the Caribbean Lowlands of Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/516/mode/1up","Odontophorus melanotis verecundus"],["923","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus melanotis melanotis","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE34E0C3",null,null,"Tucurrique, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/682/mode/1up","Odontophorus melanotis"],["924","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.767","Marbled Wood Quail","Marbled Wood-Quail","Marbled Wood-quail",null,null,"tropical rainforest from the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica eastward to northern Colombia, from Córdoba, northern Chocó, and northern Antioquia to Caldas and Boyacá, and western Venezuela; east of the Andes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas, southward across most of Amazonian Brazil to southeastern Peru, northern and central Bolivia, but absent from savannas and llanos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679630","mawqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mawqua1","avibase-B41E681C",null,null,"Cayenne and Guiana; Cayenne accepted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 121.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/268/mode/1up","Tetrao gujanensis"],["925","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis castigatus","Bangs, 1901","The Auk 18, no.4 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"western Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C936AD41",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí, Panama.","On a collection of birds made by W. W. Brown, Jr., at David and Divala, Chiriqui.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss4/5/","Odontophorus castigatus"],["926","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis marmoratus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72B6029F",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/475/mode/1up","Ortyx (Odontophorus) marmoratus"],["927","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis medius","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-352D826B",null,null,"Cano Seco, 2250 ft., Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Odontophorus guianensis medius"],["928","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis gujanensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.767",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas, Brazil, and far northeastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEEF7360",null,null,"Cayenne and Guiana; Cayenne accepted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 121.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/268/mode/1up","Tetrao gujanensis"],["929","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis buckleyi","Chubb, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"base of eastern Andes of Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E8961D3",null,null,"Sarayacu, eastern Ecuador.","Notes on Collections of Birds in the British Museum from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Part I. Tinamidae - Rallidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/77/mode/1up","Odontophorus guianensis buckleyi"],["930","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis rufogularis","Blake, 1959","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.374-376",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (upper Río Javarí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-616DB64F",null,null,"Quebrada Esperanza, Río Javary-Mirim, Loreto, Peru, alt. 200 m","Two new game birds from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21530#page/10/mode/1up","Odontophorus gujanensis rufogularis"],["931","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis pachyrhynchus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Peru (Junín and Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5593C548",null,null,"Eastern slope of the Andes in Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/314/mode/1up","Odontophorus pachyrhynchus"],["932","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus gujanensis simonsi","Chubb, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF34B271",null,null,"San Ernesto, 1000 met., Mapiri, Bolivia.","Notes on Collections of Birds in the British Museum from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Part I. Tinamidae - Rallidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/77/mode/1up","Odontophorus guianensis simonsi"],["933","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus capueira","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.59, pl.76a","Spot-winged Wood Quail","Spot-winged Wood-Quail","Spot-winged Wood-quail",null,null,"eastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679635","swwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swwqua1","avibase-46499ABF",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/73/mode/1up","Perdix capueira"],["934","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus stellatus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.119 p.183","Starred Wood Quail","Starred Wood-Quail","Starred Wood-quail",null,null,"tropical forest of western Amazon basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679698","stwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stwqua1","avibase-B2112708",null,null,"Brazil.","Exhibition of some new species of the genus Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/335/mode/1up","Ortyx (Odontophorus) stellata"],["935","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus balliviani","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.162 p.69","Stripe-faced Wood Quail","Stripe-faced Wood-Quail","Stripe-faced Wood-quail",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679693","sfwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sfwqua1","avibase-80200CD9",null,null,"Forests of Cocapata, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of six new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/437/mode/1up","Odontophorus Balliviani"],["936","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus atrifrons","Allen, 1900","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13, art.14 p.127","Black-fronted Wood Quail","Black-fronted Wood-Quail","Black-fronted Wood-quail",null,null,"northeastern Colombia to far northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679650","bfwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfwqua1","avibase-C45218DF",null,null,"Valparaiso, Santa Marta, Colombia.","List of Birds collected in the District of Santa Marta, Colombia, by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/719","Odontophorus atrifrons"],["937","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus atrifrons atrifrons","Allen, 1900","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13, art.14 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F21B6272",null,null,"Valparaiso, Santa Marta, Colombia.","List of Birds collected in the District of Santa Marta, Colombia, by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/719","Odontophorus atrifrons"],["938","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus atrifrons variegatus","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of northeastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF947D4B",null,null,"La Pica, Santander, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/142/mode/1up","Odontophorus variegatus"],["939","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus atrifrons navai","Aveledo Hostos & Pons, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica no.7 p.5 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E693DC3",null,null,"Kirinchi, Río Negro, Perijá, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, alt. 2100 m.","Aves nuevas y extensiones de distribucion a Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/aves-nuevas-y-extensiones-de-distribucion-a-venezuela/","Odontophorus atrifrons navai"],["940","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus leucolaemus","Salvin, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.1 p.161","Black-breasted Wood Quail","Black-breasted Wood-Quail","Black-breasted Wood-quail",null,null,"tropical and subtropical forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679688","bbwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbwqua1","avibase-C874DFDD",null,null,"Cordillera de Tolé, Veraguas, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/183/mode/1up","Odontophorus leucolaemus"],["941","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus hyperythrus","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.223","Chestnut Wood Quail","Chestnut Wood-Quail","Chestnut Wood-quail",null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679655","chwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwqua1","avibase-D8BFC2F1",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/235/mode/1up","Odontophorus hyperythrus"],["942","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus melanonotus","Gould, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.382","Dark-backed Wood Quail","Dark-backed Wood-Quail","Dark-backed Wood-quail",null,null,"montane forest of northwestern Ecuador and adjacent southwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679663","dbwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dbwqua1","avibase-344EF5E2",null,null,"Ecuador.","Description of a new Odontophorus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/480/mode/1up","Odontophorus melanonotus"],["943","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus speciosus","Tschudi, 1843","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.387","Rufous-breasted Wood Quail","Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail","Rufous-breasted Wood-quail",null,null,"far southern Colombia to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679668","rbwqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbwqua1","avibase-F761F6C4",null,null,"'In sylvis apud flumina Ajmamayo et Chanchomayo,' Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/397/mode/1up","Odontophorus speciosus"],["944","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus speciosus soderstromii","Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922","Arkiv för Zoologi 14 no.25 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical forest of eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CBBAE72",null,null,"Near Napo, 3000-4000 ft., Ecuador.","A contribution to the ornithology of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30164#page/916/mode/1up","Odontophorus söderströmii"],["945","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus speciosus speciosus","Tschudi, 1843","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical east-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CE71F7A",null,null,"'In sylvis apud flumina Ajmamayo et Chanchomayo,' Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/397/mode/1up","Odontophorus speciosus"],["946","subspecies","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus speciosus loricatus","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BDACDFB",null,null,"Cerro Hosane, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/259/mode/1up","Odontophorus loricatus"],["947","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus columbianus","Gould, 1850","A monograph of the Odontophorinæ, or partridges of America pt3 pl.2","Venezuelan Wood Quail","Venezuelan Wood-Quail","Venezuelan Wood-quail",null,null,"western Venezuela (southwestern Táchira) and coastal cordillera eastward to Miranda",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679683","venwoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/venwoq1","avibase-062EC06C",null,null,"Caracas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250453#page/148/mode/1up","Odontophorus columbianus"],["948","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus strophium","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.128 p.134","Gorgeted Wood Quail","Gorgeted Wood-Quail","Gorgeted Wood-quail",null,null,"temperate eastern Andes of Colombia (Santander and Cundinamarca)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679678","gowqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowqua1","avibase-744EE96B",null,null,"'Southern countries of Mexico' = Colombia.","Description of four new species of Ortyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/502/mode/1up","Ortyx (Odontophorus) strophium"],["949","species","Galliformes","Odontophoridae","New World Quail","Odontophorus dialeucos","Wetmore, 1963","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145, no.6 p.5","Tacarcuna Wood Quail","Tacarcuna Wood-Quail","Tacarcuna Wood-quail",null,null,"far eastern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679673","tawqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawqua1","avibase-0E67D7FC",null,null,"1450 m elev., 6.5 kilometers west of the summit of Cerro Mali, Darien, Panama","Additions to records of birds known from the Republic of Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109667#page/573/mode/1up","Odontophorus dialeucos"],["950","family","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianidae",null,null,"Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies","Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse",null,null,null,null,null,null,"phasia1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phasia1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["951","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Xenoperdix","Dinesen, Hansen, Lehmberg et al., 1994","Ibis vol.136 p.2-11 [p. 3]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xenoperdix udzungwensis [Dinesen et al., 1994]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A new genus and species of perdicine bird (Phasianidae, Perdicini) from Tanzania; a relict form with Indo-Malayan affinities'.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb08125.x","Xenoperdix"],["952","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Xenoperdix udzungwensis","Dinesen, Hansen, Lehmberg et al., 1994","Ibis vol.136, no.1 p.2-11 [p. 3]","Udzungwa Forest Partridge","Udzungwa Forest-Partridge","Udzungwa Forest-partridge","2025-0117","Taxon <em>obscuratus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Xenoperdix udzungwensis</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences, although numerous, appear more consistent with subspecific differentiation, and mitochondrial DNA divergence is weak (Bowie &amp; Fjeldså 2005). Further research including bioacoustic analyses would be informative.","evergreen forest of hills and mountains in Ndundulu Mountains and Nyumbanitu Mountains (Udzungwa Mountains), and Mafwemiro Forest (northern Rubeho Mountains), in central and southern Tanzania",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678901","udzpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/udzpar1","avibase-58A666ED",null,null,"Ndundulus Mountains (36 29' E, 7 47'S) at the peak with the local name Mufu at about 1700 m ESE of the village Udekwa, Mahenge District, Iringa Region, Tanzania","A new genus and species of perdicine bird (Phasianidae, Perdicini) from Tanzania; a relict form with Indo-Malayan affinities'.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb08125.x","Xenoperdix udzungwensis"],["953","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Xenoperdix udzungwensis udzungwensis","Dinesen, Hansen, Lehmberg et al., 1994","Ibis vol.136, no.1 p.2-11 [p. 3]",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania (Udzungwa Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B30A625E",null,null,"Ndundulus Mountains (36 29' E, 7 47'S) at the peak with the local name Mufu at about 1700 m ESE of the village Udekwa, Mahenge District, Iringa Region, Tanzania","A new genus and species of perdicine bird (Phasianidae, Perdicini) from Tanzania; a relict form with Indo-Malayan affinities'.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb08125.x","Xenoperdix udzungwensis"],["954","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Xenoperdix udzungwensis obscuratus","Fjeldså & Kiure, 2003","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 123 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania (Mafwemiro forest in Rubeho highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B6A58BE",null,null,"Mafwemiro Forest (6°50’S 36°34' E), which covers the top plateau of an outlying ridge in the northern Rubeho Mountains, west of the main ridge. This forest is situated in the Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region. Collected 29 December 2000.","A new population of the Udzungwa Forest Partridge","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124973#page/81/mode/1up","Xenoperdix udzungwensis obscurata"],["955","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Caloperdix","Blyth, 1861","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 30, no.2 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cryptonyx ocellatus [Raffles, 1822]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207709#page/206/mode/1up","Caloperdix"],["956","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Caloperdix oculeus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.408,732","Ferruginous Partridge","Ferruginous Partridge","Ferruginous Partridge",null,null,"forest of lowlands to hills from southeastern Myanmar and southwestern Thailand southward through Peninsular Malaysia (to Pahang), Sumatra, and north-central and northeastern Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679094","ferpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferpar2","avibase-E0593077",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/422/mode/1up","Perdix oculea"],["957","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Caloperdix oculeus oculeus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.408,732",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar and southwestern Thailand to Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE54C076",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/422/mode/1up","Perdix oculea"],["958","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Caloperdix oculeus ocellatus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D7AE3D2",null,null,"Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/354/mode/1up","Tetrao ocellatus"],["959","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Caloperdix oculeus borneensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E46E8B1F",null,null,"Mount Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo.","New species of Caloperdix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/31/mode/1up","Caloperdix borneensis"],["960","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rollulus","Bonnaterre, 1791","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.47 p.xciii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus rouloul [Scopoli, 1786]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Phasianus rouloul Scopoli, 1786",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/101/mode/1up","Rollulus"],["961","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rollulus rouloul","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93","Crested Partridge","Crested Partridge","Crested Partridge",null,null,"southern Myanmar (southern Tenasserim) through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679106","crepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crepar1","avibase-90324456",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Phasianus Roulroul"],["962","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Melanoperdix","Jerdon, 1864","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 3 (\"2 pt2\") p.580",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cryptonyx niger [Vigors, 1829]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113053#page/162/mode/1up","Melanoperdix"],["963","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Melanoperdix niger","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.349","Black Partridge","Black Partridge","Black Partridge",null,null,"lowlands to hills of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo (everywhere rare)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678934","blapar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blapar2","avibase-7B454390",null,null,"No type locality given.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/361/mode/1up","Cryptonyx niger"],["964","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Melanoperdix niger niger","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-364A0C88",null,null,"No type locality given.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/361/mode/1up","Cryptonyx niger"],["965","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Melanoperdix niger borneensis","Rothschild, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3DB27F2",null,null,"Balingean, Sarawak, Borneo.","Description of a new subspecies of Game-bird from Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/29/mode/1up","Melanoperdix nigra borneensis"],["966","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila","Hodgson, 1837","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 5, no.15 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Perdix olivacea [Latham]; type by original designation and monotypy = Perdix torqueola Valenciennes, 1825",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176523#page/343/mode/1up","Arborophila"],["967","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufipectus","Boulton, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.235","Sichuan Partridge","Sichuan Partridge","Sichuan Partridge",null,null,"southwestern China (hills of south-central Sichuan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679035","sicpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sicpar1","avibase-53A3FEBE",null,null,"Ta Cho Fu, lat. 29° 20' N., long. 102° 45' E., western Szechuan, China.","A new species of Tree Partridge from Szechuan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/257/mode/1up","Arborophila rufipectus"],["968","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila torqueola","(Valenciennes, 1825)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 38 p.435","Hill Partridge","Hill Partridge","Hill Partridge",null,null,"hill to montane forest of western Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh) to southeastern Tibet, Indian hills south of Brahmaputra southward to Mt. Victoria (South Chin Hills, southeastern Myanmar), and eastward to northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679017","hilpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hilpar1","avibase-E74469BF",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81568#page/441/mode/1up","Perdix torqueola"],["969","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila torqueola millardi","(Stuart Baker, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FA23B1F",null,null,"Koteghur.","[Description of a new subspecies of bird].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/131/mode/1up","Arboricola torqueola millardi"],["970","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila torqueola torqueola","(Valenciennes, 1825)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 38 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Nepal to Tibet and northern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7647FC8",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81568#page/441/mode/1up","Perdix torqueola"],["971","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila torqueola interstincta","Ripley, 1951","Postilla no.6 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D9A6AF0",null,null,"Mt. Zephu, 93 miles east of Kohima, eastern Naga Hills, Assam [=Mt Zephu, Phek district, Nagaland.]","Notes on Indian Birds IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/57/mode/1up","Arborophila torqueola interstincta"],["972","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila torqueola batemani","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar to southwestern China (western Yunnan and southwestern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C98D664A",null,null,"Tiddem, near Fort White, Chin Hills.","On a new Tree-Partridge from the Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/94/mode/1up","Arboricola batemani"],["973","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila torqueola griseata","Delacour & Jabouille, 1930","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E98A45CC",null,null,"Fan-si-pan, Chapa, 2800 met., Tonkin.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Arborophila torqueola griseata"],["974","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila mandellii","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 p.449","Chestnut-breasted Partridge","Chestnut-breasted Partridge","Chestnut-breasted Partridge",null,null,"coniferous foothill forest of Sikkim to southeastern Tibet",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679029","chbpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbpar2","avibase-768C2230",null,null,"Bhutan Duars.","New species of Birds exhibited and characterized.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/469/mode/1up","Arborophila Mandellii"],["975","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila gingica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.760","White-necklaced Partridge","White-necklaced Partridge","Collared Partridge",null,null,"hill forest of Zhejiang southward to eastern Guangxi (eastern China)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679050","whnpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnpar2","avibase-B4C3A84F",null,null,"'Gingi in Coromandel ' ex Sonnerat. Error = southeastern China. Fokien generally accepted as the type locality, but restricted to the Island of Luzon by Ogilvie-Grant, infra 1899!",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/261/mode/1up","Tetrao gingicus"],["976","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila gingica gingica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.760",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (east-central Guangxi to Zhejiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5E2685B",null,null,"'Gingi in Coromandel ' ex Sonnerat. Error = southeastern China. Fokien generally accepted as the type locality, but restricted to the Island of Luzon by Ogilvie-Grant, infra 1899!",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/261/mode/1up","Tetrao gingicus"],["977","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila gingica guangxiensis","Zhou & Jiang, 2008","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 33 p.802",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (very local in northern and central Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFB9A7BC",null,null,"[Guangxi, China]","A new subspecies of the Collard (sic) hill-partridge",null,"Arborophila gingica guangxiensis"],["978","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufogularis","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.819","Rufous-throated Partridge","Rufous-throated Partridge","Rufous-throated Partridge",null,null,"hill to montane evergreen forest from western Uttarakhand eastward through Himalayas to far southwestern Tibet, eastward through Yunnan (southwestern China) to Vietnam, and in the south through hills of India south of Brahmaputra to northwestern (at least) Myanmar and central Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679020","rutpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutpar1","avibase-5CEEFC64",null,null,"Darjeeling.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/183/mode/1up","Arboricola rufogularis"],["979","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufogularis rufogularis","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.819",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (western Uttarakhand eastward to Assam) and Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF3CA345",null,null,"Darjeeling.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/183/mode/1up","Arboricola rufogularis"],["980","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufogularis intermedia","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Myanmar and far northwestern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE9DE675",null,null,"Arakan.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/321/mode/1up","Arboricola intermedia"],["981","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufogularis tickelli","(Hume, 1880)","The game birds of India, Burmah, and Ceylon 2 p.78 pl.[11]",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to Thailand and southwestern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E0B34B",null,null,"Muleyit, Tenasserim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131457#page/107/mode/1up","Arboricola tickelli"],["982","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufogularis euroa","(Bangs & Phillips, 1914)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) to northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3337E04D",null,null,"Mengtsz, Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/370/mode/1up","Arboricola rufogularis euroa"],["983","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufogularis guttata","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F42A547",null,null,"Bana, 1500 met., Annam.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/168/mode/1up","Arborophila rufogularis guttata"],["984","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rufogularis annamensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.403 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3E57DC2",null,null,"Langbian Peaks, 7200 ft., Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/491/mode/1up","Arboricola rufogularis annamensis"],["985","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rubrirostris","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.251","Red-billed Partridge","Red-billed Partridge","Red-billed Partridge",null,null,"montane forest of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679060","rebpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpar3","avibase-D8FA684D",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/257/mode/1up","Peloperdix rubrirostris"],["986","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila cambodiana","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.128","Chestnut-headed Partridge","Chestnut-headed Partridge","Chestnut-headed Partridge","2025-0118","Taxon <em>diversa </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Arborophila cambodiana</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Variation appears to be clinal, with <em>chandamonyi </em>being geographically and phenotypically intermediate between the terminal taxa.","hill forest of far southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679057","chhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhpar1","avibase-A60EA370",null,null,"Bokor, 1000 met., Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/168/mode/1up","Arborophila cambodiana"],["987","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila cambodiana diversa","Riley, 1930","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 43 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-753D1265",null,null,"Kao Sabab, Chantaboon, southeastern Siam.","Descriptions of three new Birds from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107495#page/215/mode/1up","Arborophila diversa"],["988","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila cambodiana cambodiana","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical forest of southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCE89710",null,null,"Bokor, 1000 met., Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/168/mode/1up","Arborophila cambodiana"],["989","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila cambodiana chandamonyi","Eames, Steinheimer & Bansok, 2002","Forktail 18 p.67-86",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Cambodia (Cardamom Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-531CE101",null,null,"Adult female collected at 1,250 m on Mount Tumpor (12°22'N 103°02'E),  Pursat  province,  Cambodia, on 5  March 2000.","A collection of birds from the Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia, including a new subspecies of Arborophila cambodiana","https://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Eames-Cardamom.pdf","Arborophila cambodiana chandamonyi"],["990","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila crudigularis","(Swinhoe, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.426","Taiwan Partridge","Taiwan Partridge","Taiwan Partridge",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679026","taipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taipar1","avibase-CBDF02F0",null,null,"Interior mountains of Formosa.","[Letter of R. Swinhoe from Tamsuy, Formosa, April 30th, 1864].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/470/mode/1up","Oreoperdix crudigularis"],["991","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila ardens","(Styan, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.6","Hainan Partridge","Hainan Partridge","Hainan Partridge",null,null,"montane forest of Hainan (off southern China)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679063","haipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/haipar1","avibase-629D76CA",null,null,"Hainan, type from Liuwowan.","On birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/32/mode/1up","Arboricola ardens"],["992","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila atrogularis","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.819-820","White-cheeked Partridge","White-cheeked Partridge","White-cheeked Partridge",null,null,"humid forest of northeastern India to Myanmar and southwestern China (Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679023","whcpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpar1","avibase-65723342",null,null,"Assam, Sylhet and Arakan.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/183/mode/1up","Arboricola atrogularis"],["993","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila davidi","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.169","Orange-necked Partridge","Orange-necked Partridge","Orange-necked Partridge",null,null,"southern Vietnam and adjacent Cambodia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679054","ornpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ornpar1","avibase-C033F5EF",null,null,"Phurieng, 800 feet, 38 miles east of Saigon, Cochin China.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/209/mode/1up","Arborophila davidi"],["994","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila brunneopectus","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.276","Bar-backed Partridge","Bar-backed Partridge","Bar-backed Partridge",null,null,"hill forest of Shan States (eastern Myanmar) eastward through southern Yunnan to southern Guangxi (southeastern China), and southward through Thai hills and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679032","babpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babpar1","avibase-B05BB149",null,null,"Muleyit, Tenasserim.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/320/mode/1up","Arboricola brunneopectus"],["995","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila brunneopectus brunneopectus","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan) to eastern Myanmar, northern Laos and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E960DECB",null,null,"Muleyit, Tenasserim.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/320/mode/1up","Arboricola brunneopectus"],["996","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila brunneopectus henrici","(Oustalet, 1896)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2, no.7 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11723DDE",null,null,"Maison, Tonkin, and Kuang-tri, Annam.","Description de cinq espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux appartenant au Muséum d'histoire naturelle et provenant de la Chine et de l'Indo-Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137047#page/327/mode/1up","Arboricola Henrici"],["997","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila brunneopectus albigula","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.405 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1DACE30",null,null,"Dran, 3000 feet, Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/495/mode/1up","Arboricola brunneipectus albigula"],["998","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila hyperythra","(Sharpe, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.11 p.266","Red-breasted Partridge","Red-breasted Partridge","Bornean Partridge",null,null,"montane Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679047","rebpar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpar5","avibase-69E98505",null,null,"Borneo, type from Lawas River.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part IV. On the Birds of the Province of Lumbidan, North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/310/mode/1up","Bambusicola hyperythra"],["999","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila javanica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.761","Chestnut-bellied Partridge","Chestnut-bellied Partridge","Chestnut-bellied Partridge",null,null,"montane west and central Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679044","chbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbpar1","avibase-D0F51293",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/262/mode/1up","Tetrao javanicus"],["1000","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila javanica javanica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.761",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6462726F",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/262/mode/1up","Tetrao javanicus"],["1001","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila javanica lawuana","Bartels, 1938","Treubia 16, no.3 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of east-central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C4CFF52",null,null,"Gunong Lawu (elev. ca. 2000 m) on the border between Central and East Java","Eine neue Rasse von Arborophila brunneopectus aus Java.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v16i3.2521","Arborophila brunneopectus lawuana"],["1002","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila orientalis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.184","Grey-breasted Partridge","Gray-breasted Partridge","White-faced Partridge",null,null,"mountains of eastern Java",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679038","gybpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybpar4","avibase-DAF52CD6",null,null,"Java, type from Province of Blambangan, eastern Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/203/mode/1up","Perdix orientalis"],["1003","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila sumatrana","Ogilvie-Grant, 1891","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.8, no.46 p.297","Sumatran Partridge","Sumatran Partridge","Sumatran Partridge",null,null,"mountains of central Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729814","gybpar6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybpar6","avibase-0AB49545",null,null,"Sumatra.","XXXVIII. Description of a new Species of Arborophila.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53475#page/313/mode/1up","Arborophila sumatrana"],["1004","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila campbelli","(Robinson, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.28","Malaysian Partridge","Malaysian Partridge","Malay Partridge",null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734742","gybpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybpar3","avibase-D24B3E57",null,null,"Telom Valley, 3500-4500 ft., borders of Perak and Penang, Malay Peninsula.","[On a new species of Tree-Partridge from the mountains of the Malay Peninsula].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/510/mode/1up","Arboricola campbelli"],["1005","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Arborophila rolli","(Rothschild, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.7","Roll's Partridge","Roll's Partridge","Tan-breasted Partridge",null,null,"northwestern Sumatra (Batak highlands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732183","gybpar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybpar5","avibase-D196AECF",null,null,"Mt. Si Bajak, Batu Bara district, Battack Mts., Sumatra.","On a new species of Tree-Partridge from N.W. Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/275/mode/1up","Arboricola rolli"],["1006","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lerwa","Hodgson, 1837","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 5, no.15 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Perdix lerwa [Hodgson, 1833]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176523#page/340/mode/1up","Lerwa"],["1007","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lerwa lerwa","(Hodgson, 1833)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.9 p.107","Snow Partridge","Snow Partridge","Snow Partridge",null,null,"Himalayas from eastern Afghanistan to southern Tibet and southwestern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678649","snopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snopar1","avibase-AEC62A99",null,null,"Northern region of Nepal.","Description of Perdix Lerwa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/121/mode/1up","Perdix Lerwa"],["1008","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1228",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus cruentus [Hardwicke, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/660/mode/1up","Ithaginis"],["1009","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus","(Hardwicke, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.237","Blood Pheasant","Blood Pheasant","Blood Pheasant",null,null,"alpine scrub and subalpine forest from north-central Nepal east through southern Tibet and north to Gansu and Shaanxi (north-central China), southward through northeastern Myanmar and Yunnan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679144","blophe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blophe1","avibase-FFF63987",null,null,"Mountains of Nepal.","Descriptions of the Wild Dog of Sumatra, a new Species of Viverra, and a new Species of Pheasant.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/266/mode/1up","Phasianus cruentus"],["1010","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus cruentus","(Hardwicke, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nepal to northwestern Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A320C51",null,null,"Mountains of Nepal.","Descriptions of the Wild Dog of Sumatra, a new Species of Viverra, and a new Species of Pheasant.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/266/mode/1up","Phasianus cruentus"],["1011","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus affinis","Beebe, 1912","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 1 no.10 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Sikkim",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97A4F5B1",null,null,"British Sikkim.","New Blood Pheasants.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97326#page/305/mode/1up","Ithaginis cruentus affinis"],["1012","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus tibetanus","Stuart Baker, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bhutan and southern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11E47D25",null,null,"Sela [or Tela] Range, 13000 ft., above Tawang [or Tavanz], eastern Bhutan-Tibet boundary.","Description of four new Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/48/mode/1up","Ithagines tibetanus"],["1013","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus kuseri","Beebe, 1912","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 1 no.10 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (upper Assam) and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B04D014",null,null,"Yunnan.","New Blood Pheasants.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97326#page/304/mode/1up","Ithaginis kuseri"],["1014","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus marionae","Mayr, 1941","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.4 p.510",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (western Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDCF99DA",null,null,"Nyetmaw Pass, Burma-Yunnan border","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part V.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00647.x","Ithaginis cruentus marionae"],["1015","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus rocki","Riley, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Yunnan (southwestern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FFCF9F1",null,null,"Hofuping Mts., Mekong Valley, Yunnan.","Three new Birds from western China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/29/mode/1up","Ithaginis rocki"],["1016","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus clarkei","Rothschild, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40, no.247 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Likiang mountains of northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A002385C",null,null,"Likiang Range, 12000-14000 ft., lat. 27° 20' N; long. 100° 2' E., Yunnan.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Blood-Pheasant from N.W. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/335/mode/1up","Ithaginis clarkei"],["1017","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus geoffroyi","Verreaux, 1867","Bulletin de la Société Impériale Zoologique d'Acclimatation (2), 4 p.706",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (western Sichuan) and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BA3A278",null,null,"Mupin, Szechuan.","Description du Lophophore Drouyn de Lhuys (Lophophorus Lhuysii) et de l'Ithagine Geoffroy (Ithaginis Geoffroyi).","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5450400q/f774.item","Ithaginis Geoffroyi"],["1018","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus berezowskii","Bianchi, 1903","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 8 p.5,6,9",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Sichuan to southern Gansu (central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D6A15B4",null,null,"Dzju-juan and Sdtani, Sigu River, southern Kansu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34427#page/73/mode/1up","Ithaginis sinensis berezowskii"],["1019","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus beicki","Mayr & Birckhead, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.966 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (northeastern Qinghai and adjacent Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3595B5EA",null,null,"Tschau-tou, Sining district, north Kansu [=Xining, Qinghai]","The birds of the Sage West China Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3867/","Ithaginis cruentus beicki"],["1020","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus michaelis","Bianchi, 1903","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 8 p.3,4",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (Nan Shan Mountains of northwestern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70F2045A",null,null,"Northern spurs of the Nanshans.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34427#page/71/mode/1up","Ithaginis sinensis michaëlis"],["1021","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ithaginis cruentus sinensis","David, 1873","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.18, no.1 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (Tsinling Mountains of southern Shensi and southwestern Hunan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C51AA0D",null,null,"Shensi.","Notes sur quelques Oiseaux de la province de Chen-si.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103289#page/376/mode/1up","Ithaginis sinensis"],["1022","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan","Cuvier, 1829","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée 1 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Meleagris satyra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104184#page/531/mode/1up","Tragopan"],["1023","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan melanocephalus","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.29","Western Tragopan","Western Tragopan","Western Tragopan",null,null,"Himalayas of northeastern Pakistan to Himachal Pradesh, northwestern India; possibly also adjacent southwestern Tibet and Uttarakhand",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679147","westra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/westra1","avibase-44BD6CF1",null,null,"Almorah, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/43/mode/1up","Phasianus Melanocephalus"],["1024","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan satyra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.157","Satyr Tragopan","Satyr Tragopan","Satyr Tragopan",null,null,"oak-rhododendron forest of the central Himalayas from northern Uttarakhand, northwestern India, eastward to eastern Bhutan, far western Arunachal Pradesh, and adjacent far southeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679157","sattra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sattra1","avibase-FB26CE58",null,null,"Bengal, ex Edwards, pl. 116. Error, the drawing on which Edward's plate was based was probably made from a specimen from Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/176/mode/1up","Meleagris Satyra"],["1025","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan blythii","(Jerdon, 1870)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.60","Blyth's Tragopan","Blyth's Tragopan","Blyth's Tragopan",null,null,"montane forest from eastern Bhutan through Arunachal Pradesh and southeastern Tibet, eastward through western Yunnan and Chin Hills (southwestern Myanmar)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679163","blytra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blytra1","avibase-528CC7C2",null,null,"Hills at the head of the valley of Assam, i.e., Henema, Naga Hills, Assam.","Notes on some new species of birds from the north-eastern frontier of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130586#page/106/mode/1up","Ceriornis Blythii"],["1026","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan blythii molesworthi","Stuart Baker, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (eastern Bhutan, adjacent Tibet, and northeastern India in Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A426B899",null,null,"Dengan La, 8000 ft., Tibet.","Description of four new Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/48/mode/1up","Tragopan blythi molesworthi"],["1027","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan blythii blythii","(Jerdon, 1870)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of northeastern India to southwestern China and adjacent Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C0D65C3",null,null,"Hills at the head of the valley of Assam, i.e., Henema, Naga Hills, Assam.","Notes on some new species of birds from the north-eastern frontier of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130586#page/106/mode/1up","Ceriornis Blythii"],["1028","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan temminckii","(Gray, 1831)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.9 pl.50","Temminck's Tragopan","Temminck's Tragopan","Temminck's Tragopan",null,null,"hill and montane forest of northeastern India to central China (Zhejiang southward through Guangxi), northern Myanmar, and northwestern Tonkin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679169","temtra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temtra1","avibase-5DDD7AA1",null,null,"No locality; the type in the British Museum is from China = Szechuan apud Stuart Baker, antea, p. 350.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/113/mode/1up","Satyra Temminckii"],["1029","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan caboti","(Gould, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.337 p.161","Cabot's Tragopan","Cabot's Tragopan","Cabot's Tragopan",null,null,"hill and montane forest from Zhejiang southward through Guangxi",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679172","cabtra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cabtra1","avibase-0D009C55",null,null,"China, exact locality not known.","[Exhibition and description of a species of Ceriornis from the Collection of Dr. Cabot of Boston].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/173/mode/1up","Ceriornis Caboti"],["1030","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan caboti caboti","(Gould, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.337 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"foothill forest of southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EA2B839",null,null,"China, exact locality not known.","[Exhibition and description of a species of Ceriornis from the Collection of Dr. Cabot of Boston].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/173/mode/1up","Ceriornis Caboti"],["1031","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tragopan caboti guangxiensis","Cheng & Wu, 1979","Acta Zoologica Sinica 25 no.3 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (northeastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CAD37CE",null,null,"Gong Cheng, Guanxi Zhuang-zu Autonomous Region, China","A new subspecies of Tragopan caboti - Tragopan caboti guangxiensis.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122440312.pdf","Tragopan caboti guangxiensis"],["1032","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraophasis","Elliot, 1871","A monograph of the Phasianidæ or family of the pheasants 1 p.xix pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lophophorus obscurus [Verreaux, J, 1869]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Tetraophasis"],["1033","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraophasis obscurus","(Verreaux, 1869)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 5, fasc.4 p.33 pl.6","Chestnut-throated Monal-Partridge","Chestnut-throated Monal-Partridge","Chestnut-throated Partridge",null,null,"alpine mountain slopes of northeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678676","verpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verpar1","avibase-B04F04D6",null,null,"'Eastern Tibet,' type from Mupin, Szechuan.","Notes sur quelques oiseaux considérés comme nouveaux provenant du voyage de M. l'Abbé Armand David dans le Thibet oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49416#page/313/mode/1up","Lophophorus obscurus"],["1034","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraophasis szechenyii","Madarász, 1885","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.50 pl.2","Buff-throated Monal-Partridge","Buff-throated Monal-Partridge","Buff-throated Partridge",null,null,"mountains of eastern Tibet and southwestern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678680","szepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/szepar1","avibase-D839DB1A",null,null,"'Szii-csuan ' = Szechuan or eastern Tibet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/60/mode/1up","Tetraophasis Széchenyii"],["1035","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophophorus","Temminck, 1813","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 2 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lophophorus refulgens [Temminck, 1813]; type by monotypy = Phasianus impejanus Latham, 1790",null,null,null,"Lophophorus"],["1036","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophophorus impejanus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.632","Himalayan Monal","Himalayan Monal","Himalayan Monal",null,null,"Himalayas of Afghanistan to southern Tibet, southwestern China, and northeastern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679182","himmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himmon1","avibase-F57FA437",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/172/mode/1up","Phasianus impejanus"],["1037","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophophorus lhuysii","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1866","Bulletin de la Société Impériale Zoologique d'Acclimatation (2), 3 p.223","Chinese Monal","Chinese Monal","Chinese Monal",null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (southern Gansu, northwestern Sichuan, and Yunnan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679192","chimon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chimon1","avibase-583D3E97",null,null,"China, type from the mountains above Mupin, Szechuan.","[À propos d'un arrivage d'oiseaux intéressants envoyés au Jardin d'acclimatation par M. Dabry, consul de France à Han-kéou].","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5452151m/f304.item","Lophophorus Lhuysii"],["1038","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophophorus sclateri","Jerdon, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.148","Sclater's Monal","Sclater's Monal","Sclater's Monal",null,null,"high montane forest and subalpine scrub from western Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India) and southeastern Tibet to far northwestern Myanmar and western Yunnan (southwestern China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679185","sclmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sclmon1","avibase-298DEB8C",null,null,"Mishmi Hills.","[Letter from Shillong, 24th October, 1869].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/170/mode/1up","Lophophorus sclateri"],["1039","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophophorus sclateri arunachalensis","Kumar & Singh, 2004","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124 p.20 [20-28]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (mountains of western Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-595BBCEF",null,null,"Wasi camp close to Pakdhung, Sarli, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh [=Pakdhung, Sarli, Kurung Kumey district, Arunachal Pradesh.]","A new subspecies of Sclater's Monal Lophophorus sclateri from western Arunachal Pradesh, India","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123799#page/28/mode/1up","Lophophorus sclateri arunachalensis"],["1040","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophophorus sclateri sclateri","Jerdon, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet southward to northeastern India (northeastern Arunachal Pradesh) and eastward to southern China (northern Yunnan) and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8421D83",null,null,"Mishmi Hills.","[Letter from Shillong, 24th October, 1869].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/170/mode/1up","Lophophorus sclateri"],["1041","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophophorus sclateri orientalis","Davison, 1974","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar and adjacent southern China (southwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22DE25F5",null,null,"Myitkyina District, north-east Burma; collected in 1925 by M. West","Geographical variation in Lophophorus sclateri.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/410/mode/1up","Lophophorus sclateri orientalis"],["1042","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rhizothera","Gray, 1841","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Perdix longirostris [Temminck, 1815]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/99/mode/1up","Rhizothera"],["1043","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rhizothera longirostris","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.323,721.","Long-billed Partridge","Long-billed Partridge","Long-billed Partridge",null,null,"forest, including fragments, of lowlands to hills, Malayan Peninsula (at least formerly including southern Myanmar and Thailand), Sumatra, and Borneo (generally rare throughout)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728238","lobpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobpar3","avibase-826B36EC",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/337/mode/1up","Perdix Longirostris"],["1044","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rhizothera dulitensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.27","Dulit Partridge","Dulit Partridge","Dulit Partridge",null,null,"rare and poorly known in montane northern Borneo; reported from Murud, Dulit, and Buto Song in Sarawak (north-central Borneo) and old records from Kinabalu in Sabah; no recent records",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728242","lobpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobpar2","avibase-1F5998BC",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, 4000 ft., Sarawak, Borneo.","[Description of a new species of Rhizothera in the British Museum].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/253/mode/1up","Rhizothera dulitensis"],["1045","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia","Gray, 1841","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Satyra macrolopha [Lesson, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/99/mode/1up","Pucrasia"],["1046","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha","(Lesson, 1829)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 59 p.196","Koklass Pheasant","Koklass Pheasant","Koklass Pheasant",null,null,"montane conifer forest of western Himalayas from Nuristan (northeastern Afghanistan) east through central Nepal, and disjunctly from far southeastern Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India) and southeastern Tibet southward through western Yunnan (southwestern China) and northeast to Hebei; also Anhui and Zhejiang southward through Hunan and Jiangxi (eastern China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679179","kokphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kokphe1","avibase-6383E214",null,null,"Bengal, error = Almorah Hills, Kumaon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81599#page/202/mode/1up","Satyra macrolopha"],["1047","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha castanea","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Afghanistan and adjacent Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E082DA61",null,null,"Kafiristan.","Descriptions of two New Species of Pucrasia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/393/mode/1up","Pucrasia castanea"],["1048","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha biddulphi","Marshall, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.461",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan and northwestern India (eastward to western Himachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C056329",null,null,"Kashmir.","On a new Pheasant from the North-west Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/513/mode/1up","Pucrasia biddulphi"],["1049","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha macrolopha","(Lesson, 1829)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 59 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir to Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D9FC250",null,null,"Bengal, error = Almorah Hills, Kumaon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81599#page/202/mode/1up","Satyra macrolopha"],["1050","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha nipalensis","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CFB32CD",null,null,"Nepal and Bhutan = Nepal.","Descriptions of two New Species of Pucrasia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/394/mode/1up","Pucrasia Nipalensis"],["1051","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha meyeri","Madarász, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central China (western Sichuan to northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57D9C987",null,null,"Central [probably = southeastern] Tibet.","Descriptions of two new Birds from Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/185/mode/1up","Pucrasia meyeri"],["1052","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha ruficollis","David & Oustalet, 1877","Les oiseaux de la Chine 1 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central China (southern Gansu, Shaanxi, and western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49B1109B",null,null,"Shensi.",null,null,"Pucrasia xanthospila var. ruficollis"],["1053","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha xanthospila","Gray, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.259 pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Shaanxi to Inner Mongolia, western Liaoning, and western Hebei",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F16E436",null,null,"Mountains northwest of Pekin.","On a New Species of Pucrasia from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/321/mode/1up","Pucrasia xanthospila"],["1054","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha joretiana","Heude, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of east-central China (southwestern Anhui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B475AE2A",null,null,"No locality, but type from Hoshan, Anhwei.","[Lettre from Zihawei, près Shang-hai, 20 Janvier, 1883].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/273/mode/1up","Pucrasia joretiana"],["1055","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pucrasia macrolopha darwini","Swinhoe, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central China (Hubei and southeastern Sichuan to Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A3608D0",null,null,"Mountains of the Province of Chekiang, China.","Descriptions of two new Pheasants and a new Garrulax from Ningpo, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/636/mode/1up","Pucrasia darwini"],["1056","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Meleagris gallopavo [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/175/mode/1up","Meleagris"],["1057","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris ocellata","Cuvier, 1820","Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 6 p.1-4 pl.1","Ocellated Turkey","Ocellated Turkey","Ocellated Turkey",null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico) to Petén (northern Guatemala) and Belize",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679529","ocetur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocetur1","avibase-729BEC33",null,null,"Gulf of Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85128#page/14/mode/1up","Meleagris ocellata"],["1058","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris gallopavo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156","Wild Turkey","Wild Turkey","Wild Turkey",null,null,"forest, edge and adjacent fields in lowlands to mountains from southern Great Plains (central USA), southeastern Canada, and eastern USA southward through central Mexico; widely introduced elsewhere, especially Tasmania, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands (mainly Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Hawaii), southwestern Canada, western USA, and the Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679525","wiltur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wiltur","avibase-9C5ED06A",null,null,"North America = Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/175/mode/1up","Meleagris Gallopavo"],["1059","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris gallopavo silvestris","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98C7BE23",null,null,"Country of the Illinois to Panama = Pennsylvania, ex Bartram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/463/mode/1up","Meleagris silvestris"],["1060","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris gallopavo osceola","Scott, 1890","The Auk 7, no.4 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-005983E6",null,null,"Tarpon Springs, Florida.","Description of a new subspecies of Wild Turkey.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss4/14/","Meleagris gallopavo osceola"],["1061","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris gallopavo intermedia","Sennett, 1879","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (5), 3 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Texas to east-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6454F378",null,null,"Lomita Ranch, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98500#page/464/mode/1up","Meleagris gallopavo var. intermedia"],["1062","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris gallopavo mexicana","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.304 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains west of central plateau of Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9187F96",null,null,"Mexico","On a new Turkey, Meleagris mexicana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/97/mode/1up","Meleagris mexicana"],["1063","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris gallopavo merriami","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.2 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"western USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-353DC92D",null,null,"47 miles southwest of Winslow, Arizona.","Description of a new subspecies of Meleagris gallopavo and proposed changes in the nomenclature of certain North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss2/6/","Meleagris gallopavo merriami"],["1064","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico (Jalisco to Veracruz and southward to Guerrero); introduced locally western Europe, Australia (Tasmania and Kangaroo, King, and Flinders islands), New Caledonia, New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands (mainly Molokai, Maui, Lanai, and Hawaii), western USA, Caribbean, and southeastern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ADBE2AD",null,null,"North America = Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/175/mode/1up","Meleagris Gallopavo"],["1065","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa","Stephens, 1819","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 11, pt2 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tetrao umbellus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (A.O.U., 1886, Check List, 2nd ed., p. 172).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113478#page/72/mode/1up","Bonasa"],["1066","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.275","Ruffed Grouse","Ruffed Grouse","Ruffed Grouse",null,null,"aspen and other woods of lowlands to mountains of USA and Canada, from western Alaska eastward to Labrador, in south to central California and southern Rocky Mountains, in east south mainly through Appalachians; range has contracted in many areas (especially central USA) and has been introduced locally",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679500","rufgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufgro","avibase-6D2B5CDA",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/279/mode/1up","Tetrao umbellus"],["1067","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus yukonensis","Grinnell, 1916","The Condor 18, no.4 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"western Alaska and Yukon to northwestern Saskatchewan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70503E82",null,null,"Fortymile, Yukon Territory, Yukon River near the Alaska boundary.","A new Ruffed Grouse from the Yukon Valley.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol18/iss4/6/","Bonasa umbellus yukonensis"],["1068","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus umbelloides","(Douglas, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alaska (northwestern USA) through central Canada to central Oregon and northwestern Wyoming (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF86F24F",null,null,"Valleys of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 54° N., and near the sources of the Columbia east of the Coast and Cascade ranges.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/161/mode/1up","Tetrao Umbelloides"],["1069","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus labradorensis","Ouellet, 1991","The Canadian Field-Naturalist 104 p.445-449",null,null,null,null,null,"Labrador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-782B4FA2",null,null,"Goose Bay, about 7 km southwest of town site along Churchill River, Labrador, Canada","A new Ruffed Grouse, Aves: Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus, from Labrador, Canada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106989#page/461/mode/1up","Bonasa umbellus labradorensis"],["1070","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus castanea","Aldrich & Friedmann, 1943","The Condor 45, no.3 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Olympic Peninsula (northwestern Washington)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03BDADB1",null,null,"Soleduck River, elev. 1200 feet, Olympic Mountains, Washington","A revision of the Ruffed Grouse.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol45/iss3/1/","Bonasa umbellus castaneus"],["1071","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus obscura","Todd, 1947","The Auk 64, no.2 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ontario (eastern Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CDE8902",null,null,"adult male; Abitibi River,latitude 50 53' N., northern Ontario, October 3, 1923; George M. Sutton","A  new name for Bonasa umbellus canescerts Todd.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol64/iss2/58/","Bonasa umbellus obscura"],["1072","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus sabini","(Douglas, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern British Columbia to northwestern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22851D55",null,null,"Coast of Northwest America between the 40° and 49° parallels from Cape Mendocino to Vancouver's Island.","XII. Observations on some Species of the Genera Tetrao and Ortyx, natives of North America ; with Descriptions of Four new Species of the former, and Two of the latter Genus'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/150/mode/1up","Tetrao Sabini"],["1073","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus brunnescens","Conover, 1935","The Condor 37, no.4 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Vancouver Island and adjacent mainland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCDDD1DA",null,null,"Comox, Comox District, Vancouver District, Vancouver Island, British Columbia","A new race of Ruffed Grouse from Vancouver Island.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol37/iss4/4/","Bonasa umbellus brunnescens"],["1074","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus togata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and northeastern USA and southeastern Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BE1A339",null,null,"Canada, i.e., the region between Montreal and Quebec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/279/mode/1up","Tetrao togata"],["1075","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus mediana","Todd, 1940","The Auk 57, no.3 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"Minnesota and southern Wisconsin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2B7EBE8",null,null,"Excelsior, Minnesota [United States]","Eastern Races of the Ruffed Grouse","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss3/7/","Bonasa umbellus medianus"],["1076","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus phaios","Aldrich & Friedmann, 1943","The Condor 45, no.3 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern British Columbia and eastern Washington to Rocky Mountains of southern Idaho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E40E240",null,null,"Priest River, Idaho","A revision of the Ruffed Grouse.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol45/iss3/1/","Bonasa umbellus phaios"],["1077","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus incana","Aldrich & Friedmann, 1943","The Condor 45, no.3 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota to Colorado and western South Dakota",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50F308BC",null,null,"Barclay, 15 miles east of Salt Lake City, Utah","A revision of the Ruffed Grouse.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol45/iss3/1/","Bonasa umbellus incanus"],["1078","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus monticola","Todd, 1940","The Auk 57, no.3 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania to northern Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFAFA841",null,null,"2.5 miles east of Cheat Bridge, Randolph County, West Virginia (4000 feet)","Eastern races of the Ruffed Grouse.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss3/7/","Bonasa umbellus monticola"],["1079","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bonasa umbellus umbellus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"New York and Massachusetts to eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB8FA92",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/279/mode/1up","Tetrao umbellus"],["1080","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes","Keyserling & Blasius, 1840","Die Wirbelthiere Europa's. Erstes Buch: Die unterscheidenden Charactere p.lxiv,109,200",null,null,null,"2025-0133","Taxa <em>bonasia </em>(polytypic) and <em>sewerzowi </em>(polytypic) are placed in <em>Tetrastes </em>based on genetics. Sometimes placed in <em>Bonasa</em>, multilocus DNA data do not recover the genus as monophyletic (Cai et al. 2018; Kimball et al. 2021).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao bonasia [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Tetrastes"],["1081","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes sewerzowi","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.130 pl.18","Chinese Grouse","Chinese Grouse","Chinese Grouse",null,null,"mountains of western China (Gansu to eastern Tibet, northwestern Yunnan, and northern Sichuan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679497","sevgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sevgro1","avibase-05BEE346",null,null,"Mountains of Kansu in the lower and middle ranges.",null,null,"Tetrastes Sewerzowi"],["1082","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes sewerzowi sewerzowi","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.130 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest and scrub of southern Gansu, northern Sichuan, and northeastern Qinghai (north-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00415512",null,null,"Mountains of Kansu in the lower and middle ranges.",null,null,"Tetrastes Sewerzowi"],["1083","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes sewerzowi secundus","Riley, 1925","The Auk 42, no.3 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest and scrub of eastern Tibet, eastern Qinghai, northwestern Yunnan, and western Sichuan (south-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCCB007D",null,null,"Near Tatsienlu, 12000 ft., Szechwan.","A new Hazel Grouse from the Province of Szechwan, China.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol42/iss3/14/","Tetrastes sewerzowi secunda"],["1084","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160","Hazel Grouse","Hazel Grouse","Hazel Grouse",null,null,"foothill to montane mixed coniferous and deciduous woodland from Scandinavia eastward across Russia to northern Mongolia, to Sea of Okhotsk (eastern Siberia), Sakhalin (eastern Russia), North Korea, and Hokkaido (northern Japan), and southward in the west through Belgium and western Germany to the European Alps (westward to eastern France), the Balkan Peninsula to Greece and Bulgaria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679494","hazgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hazgro1","avibase-B8CA2EEB",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Bonasia"],["1085","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia rhenanus","(Kleinschmidt, 1917)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 13 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and West Germany",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15079452",null,null,"Rhein.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/193/mode/1up","Tetrao Bonasa rhenana"],["1086","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia styriacus","(Jordans & Schiebel, 1944)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 40 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Jura Mountains, Alps, Hungary, Slovakia, and southern Poland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81C0F585",null,null,"St Georgen ob Judenburg, Obersteiermark, Österreich, 1 Nov. 1932","Tetrao bonasia styriacus form. nov.",null,"Tetrao bonasia styriacus"],["1087","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia schiebeli","(Kleinschmidt, 1943)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 37 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Balkan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D5E0A55",null,null,"Zirknitz, Krain, Österreich, 11 Sept. 1927","Zu K 8279: Haselhühner.",null,"Tetrao schiebeli"],["1088","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia rupestris","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.513",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Germany, Bohemia, and Sudety Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B02ACC0D",null,null,"Banks of the Elbe, near Königstein.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/545/mode/1up","Bonasia rupestris"],["1089","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia bonasia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Scandinavia and central Poland eastward to the Ural Mountains (western Russia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29422995",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Bonasia"],["1090","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia griseonota","Salomonsen, 1947","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 41 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sweden",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A48A806",null,null,"Glommersträsk ved Arvidsjaur, Lappland [Sweden]","En ny Hjerpe (Tetrastes bonasia (L.)) fra Skandinavien. (A New Hazel-Grouse from Scandinavia.).",null,"Tetrastes bonasia griseonota"],["1091","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia sibiricus","Buturlin, 1916","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 7, no.4 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberia to Altai Mountains, Sayan Mountains, and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20F1AD32",null,null,"Forested parts of Siberia from Tobolsk to the Baikal ranges, south to","Ptitsi Dalnego Vostoka.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195793#page/26/mode/1up","Tetrastes bonasia sibiricus"],["1092","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia kolymensis","Buturlin, 1916","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 7, no.4 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Siberia to Sea of Okhotsk",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-171D6D0E",null,null,"Sredne-Kolymsk and Yakutsk, eastern Siberia.","Ptitsi Dalnego Vostoka.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195793#page/28/mode/1up","Tetrastes bonasia kolymensis"],["1093","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia amurensis","Riley, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amurland and Little Khingan Mountains to North Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3AAEF95",null,null,"Near I-mien-po, northern Kirin, Manchuria.","Description of a new Hazel Grouse from Manchuria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/39/mode/1up","Tetrastes bonasia amurensis"],["1094","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia yamashinai","Momiyama, 1928","Annotationes Ornithologiae Orientalis 1 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin (Russia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-411492AC",null,null,"Aton, Sisuka-mura, Sisuka-gun, Sisuka Prefecture-District, southern Sakhalin.","A catalogue of the Birdskins made by Mr. Makakite Tatibana in southern Sakhalin, during May, 1926, to January, 1927.",null,"Tetrastes bonasia yamashinai"],["1095","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrastes bonasia vicinitas","Riley, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Hokkaido (northern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-390E995E",null,null,"Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.","Descriptions of three new birds from China and Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/201/mode/1up","Tetrastes bonasia vicinitas"],["1096","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Centrocercus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.358,496",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao urophasianus [Bonaparte, 1827]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/512/mode/1up","Centrocercus"],["1097","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Centrocercus urophasianus","(Bonaparte, 1827)","The Zoological Journal 3, no.10 p.213","Sage Grouse","Greater Sage-Grouse","Sage Grouse",null,null,"prairies and sage grassland of western Canada to southwestern USA",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679503","saggro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saggro","avibase-B7E467E2",null,null,"Northwestern countries beyond the Mississippi especially on the Missouri.","XXI. Notice of a nondescript Species of Grouse, from North America","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/241/mode/1up","Tetrao urophasianus"],["1098","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Centrocercus minimus","Young, Braun, Oyler-McCance et al., 2000","Wilson Bulletin 112 p.445-453","Gunnison Grouse","Gunnison Sage-Grouse","Gunnison Grouse",null,null,"Gunnison Basin of southwestern Colorado and adjacent southeastern Utah",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728472","gusgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gusgro","avibase-7071D403",null,null,"approximately 23 km southeast of Gunnison, Gunnison County, Colorado, on 10 May 1993","A new Species of Sage Grouse (Phasianidae: Centrocercus) from Southwestern Colorado","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279933219","Centrocercus minimus"],["1099","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus","Elliot, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao obscurus [Say, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, Brewer & Ridgway, 1874, Hist. N. Am. Bds., Land Birds, 3, p. 415).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/31/mode/1up","Dendragapus"],["1100","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus fuliginosus","(Ridgway, 1873)","Forest and Stream 1 p.289","Sooty Grouse","Sooty Grouse","Sooty Grouse",null,null,"open montane and lowland forest and woodland with dense herb and shrub stratum in western Canada, including Queen Charlotte and Vancouver islands, and southernmost Alaska southward to southern California and adjacent Nevada (western USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734695","soogro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soogro1","avibase-E4A5B66A",null,null,"Cascade Mountains [at foot of Mt. Hood, Oregon] and Chiloweyuck Depot, Washington.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124932#page/269/mode/1up","Canace obscura var. fuliginosa"],["1101","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus fuliginosus sitkensis","Swarth, 1921","The Condor 23, no.2 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia (south to Haida Gwaii)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7F7261A",null,null,"Kupreanof Island, southeastern Alaska.","The Sitkan race of the Dusky Grouse.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol23/iss2/5/","Dendragapus obscurus sitkensis"],["1102","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus fuliginosus fuliginosus","(Ridgway, 1873)","Forest and Stream 1 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Yukon/Alaska border southward to northwestern California, including Vancouver Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C0A57A9",null,null,"Cascade Mountains [at foot of Mt. Hood, Oregon] and Chiloweyuck Depot, Washington.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124932#page/269/mode/1up","Canace obscura var. fuliginosa"],["1103","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus fuliginosus sierrae","Chapman, 1904","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 20, art.11 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Cascades from Washington to California and Nevada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D802311",null,null,"Echo, El Dorado County, California.","A new Grouse from California.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/684","Dendragapus obscurus sierrae"],["1104","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus fuliginosus howardi","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1923","The Condor 25, no.5 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California (southern Sierra Nevada and Tehachapi Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FCD636A",null,null,"Mt. Pinos, 7500 feet, Kern County, California.","Description of a new Grouse from southern California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol25/iss5/5/","Dendragapus obscurus howardi"],["1105","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus obscurus","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.14,note","Dusky Grouse","Dusky Grouse","Dusky Grouse",null,null,"steppe and shrubby fields and open forest edges in western Canada, from southeastern Yukon and southwestern Northwest Territories southward in the Rocky Mountains to southwestern US (northern and central Arizona and New Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734690","dusgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusgro","avibase-A55D83A9",null,null,"'Defile Creek,' about twenty miles north of Colorado Springs, Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/26/mode/1up","Tetrao obscurus"],["1106","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii","(Douglas, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska and southern Yukon to Idaho, western Montana, and northwestern Wyoming",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A72EF6C4",null,null,"subalpine regions of the Rocky Mts. in lat. 52° N., long. 115° W. . . . the mountainous districts of the Columbia in lat. 48° N., long. 118° W.'","XII. Observations on some Species of the Genera Tetrao and Ortyx, natives of North America ; with Descriptions of Four new Species of the former, and Two of the latter Genus'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/154/mode/1up","Tetrao Richardsonii"],["1107","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus obscurus pallidus","Swarth, 1931","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (2), 20 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central British Columbia to eastern Washington and northeastern Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0920CDEA",null,null,"Cornucopia, Baker County, Oregon.","Geographic variation in the Richardson Grouse.",null,"Dendragapus obscurus pallidus"],["1108","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus obscurus oreinus","Behle & Selander, 1951","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Nevada and adjacent Utah",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F2B3F44",null,null,"3 miles north of Queen of Sheba Mine, 7500 feet, west side of Deep Creek Mountains, Juab County, Utah","A new race of Dusky Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) from the Great Basin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/143/mode/1up","Dendragapus obscurus oreinus"],["1109","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Dendragapus obscurus obscurus","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.14,note",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Wyoming to Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDAC7564",null,null,"'Defile Creek,' about twenty miles north of Colorado Springs, Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/26/mode/1up","Tetrao obscurus"],["1110","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus","Gloger, 1841","Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte p.396",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao cupido [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Tympanuchus"],["1111","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160","Sharp-tailed Grouse","Sharp-tailed Grouse","Sharp-tailed Grouse",null,null,"fields with dense herbaceous and shrub vegetation from northern Alaska southeastward to south-central and eastern Canada (eastward to southwestern Quebec); southward in the Rocky Mountains to southwestern Canada and northwestern US, and in north-central US southward to northern Nebraska, southern Wyoming, and Colorado",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679511","shtgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtgro","avibase-861CBBDA",null,null,"Canada = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Phasianellus"],["1112","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus caurus","(Friedmann, 1943)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 33, no.6 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Alaska to southern Yukon, northern British Columbia, and northern Alberta",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DB49231",null,null,"Fairbanks, Alaska, October 19, 1921, by O. J. Murie","A new race of the sharp-tailed grouse.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122683#page/226/mode/1up","Pedioecetes phasianellus caurus"],["1113","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus kennicotti","(Suckley, 1862)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"Mackenzie River to Great Slave Lake",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7A26B3A",null,null,"Fort Rae and Big Island, near Great Slave Lake",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17713#page/373/mode/1up","Pediocaetes Kennicotti"],["1114","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus phasianellus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Manitoba to northern Ontario and west-central Quebec",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E3EF12A",null,null,"Canada = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Phasianellus"],["1115","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus","(Ord, 1815)","A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar; and present state of the several kingdoms of the world. Second American ed. Vol. 2. ed.2(Am.), 2 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central British Columbia to eastern Oregon, northern Utah, and western Colorado",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83134609",null,null,"Great Plains of the Columbia River, based on the 'grouse or prairie hen,' of Lewis and Clark Exped., 2, p. 180.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123750#page/323/mode/1up","Phasianus Columbianus"],["1116","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi","Dickerman & Hubbard, 1994","Western Birds 25, no.3 p.128-136",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly northeastern New Mexico; extinct by 1952","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-35100990",null,null,"in the vicinity of Folsom,7500 feet [2286 m], Union [perhaps actually Colfax] County, New Mexico; collected on 8 October 1918 by Austin Paul Smith.","An extinct subspecies of Sharp-tailed Grouse from New Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/western_birds/vol25/iss3/2/","Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi"],["1117","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi","(Lincoln, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Alberta and Saskatchewan to Colorado and Nebraska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3310FDEB",null,null,"Castle Rock [Douglas County] Colorado.","A review of the genus PediScetes in Colorado.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/104/mode/1up","Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi"],["1118","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus phasianellus campestris","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Manitoba to northern Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AAB0CC8",null,null,"Illinois, and Rosebud Creek, Montana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/165/mode/1up","Pedioecetes phasianellus campestris"],["1119","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus pallidicinctus","(Ridgway, 1873)","Forest and Stream 1 p.289","Lesser Prairie Chicken","Lesser Prairie-Chicken","Lesser Prairie-chicken",null,null,"arid grassland of south-central USA",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679519","lepchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lepchi","avibase-CFFD1491",null,null,"Prairies of Texas near lat. 32° N.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124932#page/269/mode/1up","Cupidonia cupido var. pallidicincta"],["1120","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus cupido","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160","Greater Prairie Chicken","Greater Prairie-Chicken","Greater Prairie-chicken",null,null,"prairies with interspersed woodland in central US from North Dakota and adjacent Minnesota southward to northeastern Colorado, northern Kansas, southern Oklahoma and eastward to Missouri and southern Illinois; also isolated in the coastal plains of southeastern Texas; formerly to south-central Canada",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679514","grpchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grpchi","avibase-F59448B7",null,null,"Virginia, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Cupido"],["1121","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus","(Brewster, 1885)","The Auk 2, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Canada to northeastern Oklahoma and north-central Tennessee",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8573DEB0",null,null,"Vermilion, South Dakota.","The Heath Hen of Massachusetts.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol2/iss1/14/","Cupidonia pinnata"],["1122","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus cupido attwateri","Bendire, 1893","Forest and Stream 40 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EB2E2A5",null,null,"Refugio and Aransas Counties, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175150#page/443/mode/1up","Tympanuchus attwateri"],["1123","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tympanuchus cupido cupido","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly northeastern USA; extirpated ca. 1932","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-C17C3FF5",null,null,"Virginia, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Cupido"],["1124","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.26,181",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tetrao lagopus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Tetrao lagopus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/66/mode/1up","Lagopus"],["1125","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus leucura","(Richardson, 1831)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucien Bonaparte 4 p.330-331","White-tailed Ptarmigan","White-tailed Ptarmigan","White-tailed Ptarmigan",null,null,"alpine habitats above treeline with sparse vegetation and rocky areas in northwestern Canada, from northern Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories, and southern Alaska, southward in the Rocky Mountains of western Canada to northwestern US in western Washington, western Montana, western Colorado, and northern New Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679473","whtpta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtpta1","avibase-C53F4940",null,null,"Rocky Mountains, lat. 54° N.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237607#page/346/mode/1up","Tetrao (Lagopus) leucurus"],["1126","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus leucura peninsularis","Chapman, 1902","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 16, at.19 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central Alaska to Glacier Bay and White Pass",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02D18AA2",null,null,"Kenai Mountains, Alaska.","List of birds collected in Alaska by the Andrew J. Stone Expedition of 1901.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/506","Lagopus leucurus peninsularis"],["1127","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus leucura leucura","(Richardson, 1831)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucien Bonaparte 4 p.330-331",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Yukon, western British Columbia, and western Alberta to northern border of USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2A9BB8D",null,null,"Rocky Mountains, lat. 54° N.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237607#page/346/mode/1up","Tetrao (Lagopus) leucurus"],["1128","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus leucura rainierensis","Taylor, 1920","The Condor 22, no.4 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"alpine summits of Cascades of Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-767CCFE3",null,null,"Pinnacle Peak, 6200 feet. Mount Rainier, Washington.","A new Ptarmigan from Mount Rainier.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol22/iss4/5/","Lagopus leucurus rainierensis"],["1129","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus leucura saxatilis","Cowan, 1939","The Condor 41, no.2 p.82,83",null,null,null,null,null,"higher peaks of Vancouver Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4B5AE4F",null,null,"Mt Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, BC, 6000 ft.","The White-tailed Ptarmigan of Vancouver Island.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol41/iss2/13/","Lagopus leucurus saxatilis"],["1130","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus leucura altipetens","Osgood, 1901","The Auk 18, no.2 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains (Montana to New Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D544720",null,null,"Mt. Blaine, Colorado.","New subspecies of North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss2/12/","Lagopus leucurus altipetens"],["1131","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta","(Montin, 1781)","Physiographiska Sälskapets Handlingar 1 p.155","Rock Ptarmigan","Rock Ptarmigan","Rock Ptarmigan",null,null,"rocky tundra, meadows with short grassy vegetation, and alpine summits, from Iceland southward to Scotland, Pyrenees, and Alps eastward to central Honshu (Japan), northern British Columbia, and Newfoundland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679464","rocpta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpta1","avibase-79B161B7",null,null,"Sweden.",null,null,"Tetrao mutus"],["1132","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta muta","(Montin, 1781)","Physiographiska Sälskapets Handlingar 1 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Norway, northern Sweden, northern Finland, and Kola Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F088F4D6",null,null,"Sweden.",null,null,"Tetrao mutus"],["1133","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta millaisi","Hartert, 1923","British Birds 17 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Scotland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71055242",null,null,"Scotland.","The name of the Scottish Ptarmigan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186890#page/134/mode/1up","Lagopus mutus millaisi"],["1134","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta helvetica","(Thienemann, 1829)","Systematische Darstellung der Fortpflanzung der Vögel Europa's, mit Abbildung der Eier (etc.) 3 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Alps (Savoie to central Austria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01337D82",null,null,"Alps.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/149155#page/267/mode/1up","Tetrao helveticus"],["1135","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta pyrenaica","Hartert, 1921","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 3 p.1869",null,null,null,null,null,"Pyrenees",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69DAF8A5",null,null,"Pic de Barbat, near Cauterets, 2600 met., French side of the Pyrénées",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49738#page/127/mode/1up","Lagopus mutus pyrenaicus"],["1136","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta pleskei","Serebrovski, 1926","Journal für Ornithologie 74, no.4 p.696",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8221563C",null,null,"Middendorff Gulf, Taimyr Peninsula.","Übersicht der in Russland vorkommenden Formen von Lagopus mutus Montin.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01998230","Lagopus mutus pleskei"],["1137","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta nadezdae","Serebrovski, 1926","Journal für Ornithologie 74, no.4 p.693",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Siberia and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DCA06D9",null,null,"Kysylojek-boze, Kurai Alps, central Altai.","Übersicht der in Russland vorkommenden Formen von Lagopus mutus Montin.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01998230","Lagopus mutus nadezdae"],["1138","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta gerasimovi","Red'kin, 2005","Ornitologiya 32 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Karaginskiy Island (Bering Sea, northeastern Russia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EC2188A",null,null,"Karaginsky Island (Ostrov Karaginskiy)",null,null,"Lagopus muta gerasimovi"],["1139","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta ridgwayi","Stejneger, 1884","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Commander Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38CBE120",null,null,"Commander Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/170/mode/1up","Lagopus ridgwayi"],["1140","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta kurilensis","Kuroda, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Kuril Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDF25C7B",null,null,"Paramushir Island, northern Kuriles.","Descriptions of three new races from the Kurile Islands, Hokkaido, and Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/43/mode/1up","Lagopus mutus kurilensis"],["1141","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta japonica","Clark, 1907","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Honshu (Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6E45EA8",null,null,"Mountains of central Hondo, Japan. Type from Mitake-San, Kiso.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/557/mode/1up","Lagopus japonicus"],["1142","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta evermanni","Elliot, 1896","The Auk 13, no.1 p.25 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Attu (Aleutians)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA2007A1",null,null,"Attu Island, Aleutian group","Descriptions of an apparently new species and subspecies of Ptarmigan from the Aleutian Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol13/iss1/5/","Lagopus evermanni"],["1143","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta townsendi","Elliot, 1896","The Auk 13, no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Kiska, Amchitka, Little Sitkin, and Rat islands (western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, northwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A3CD88D",null,null,"Kiska and Adak Islands. Types from Kiska.","Descriptions of an apparently new species and subspecies of Ptarmigan from the Aleutian Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol13/iss1/5/","Lagopus rupestris townsendi"],["1144","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta atkhensis","Turner, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.279 p.227,230",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanaga, Adak, and Atka islands (west-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska, northwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14E4C117",null,null,"Atka Island, Aleutian Islands",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/257/mode/1up","Lagopus mutus atkhensis"],["1145","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta yunaskensis","Gabrielson & Lincoln, 1951","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Yunaska (Aleutians)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34DA9AF5",null,null,"Yunaska Island, Aleutian Islands","A new race of Ptarmigan from Alaska.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/81/mode/1up","Lagopus mutus yunaskensis"],["1146","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta nelsoni","Stejneger, 1884","The Auk 1, no.3 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"Unimak and Unalaska islands (eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, northwestern USA) and southern Alaska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45274CEA",null,null,"Unalaska Island.","Analecta Ornithologica. Second Series.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/5/","Lagopus rupestris nelsoni"],["1147","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta dixoni","Grinnell, 1909","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts and mountains of Glacier Bay to northwestern British Columbia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD55E4F2",null,null,"Near Port Frederick, 2700 ft., Chichagof Island, Alaska.","[The birds of the Alexander expedition to Alaska].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/273/mode/1up","Lagopus dixoni"],["1148","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta rupestris","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.751",null,null,null,null,null,"tundra of northern North America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6F7FB91",null,null,"Hudson Bay* ex Pennant, Arct. Zool.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/252/mode/1up","Tetrao rupestris"],["1149","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta welchi","Brewster, 1885","The Auk 2, no.2 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"Newfoundland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B80EC976",null,null,"Newfoundland.","The Rock Ptarmigan of Newfoundland.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol2/iss2/14/","Lagopus welchi"],["1150","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta saturata","Salomonsen, 1950","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 44 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Greenland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA32069A",null,null,"Skansen, Disko, West Greenland","En ny race af Fjaeldrype (Lagopus mutus (Montin)) fra Grønland. (A New Race of the Rock-Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus (Montin)) from Greenland).","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1592/download/doft-44-1950-219-226-fra-zoologisk-museum-xv-en-ny-race-af-fjaeldrype-lagopus-mutus-montin-fra-groenland","Lagopus mutus saturatus"],["1151","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta macruros","Schiøler, 1925","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 19 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Greenland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-818DB5B1",null,null,"Northwest Coast of Greenland, ex label on 2 skins in Brehm Collection.","Om de i Grønland forekommende racer af Fjaêldrypen, Lagopus mutus mutus (Montin).","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/2127/download/doft-19-1925-108-115-om-de-i-groenland-forekommende-racer-af-fjaeldrypen-lagopus-mutus-mutus-montin","Lagopus Reinhardi macruros"],["1152","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta reinhardi","(Brehm, 1824)","Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Europäischen Vögel 2 p.986",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Greenland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-307C538F",null,null,"Greenland, restricted to west coast of Greenland south of lat. 66° by Schiller, Dansk Orn. Tidskr., 19, 1925, p. 114.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=06Y-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA986&q=Lagopus%20muta%20reinhardi#v=onepage&f=false","Tetrao Reinhardi"],["1153","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta hyperborea","Sundevall, 1845","Voyages de la commission scientifique du Nord, en Scandinavie, en Laponie, au Spitzberg et aux Feröe, pendant les années 1838, 1839 et 1840 livr.38 184, pl.ois",null,null,null,null,null,"Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, and Bear Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35763C08",null,null,"Spitzbergen.",null,"https://www.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/collection/object/NMK.2008.0435","Lagopus alpina var. hyperborea"],["1154","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus muta islandorum","(Faber, 1822)","Prodromus der isländischen Ornithologie oder Geschichte der Vögel Islands p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Iceland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DA9ADF5",null,null,"Iceland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209347#page/16/mode/1up","Tetrao islandorum"],["1155","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus scotica","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.290","Red Grouse","Red Grouse",null,"2025-0431","Taxon <em>scotica </em>(monotypic, with <em>hibernica </em>as a synonym) is treated as a species separate from <em>Lagopus lagopus</em> based on differences in plumage, moult patterns, and genome-wide DNA data (Quintela et al. 2010; Kozma et al. 2019; Sangster et al. 2022b). The genetic study of Kozma et al. (2019) suggests that plumage similarities between taxon<em> L. scotica </em>and <em>L. l. variegata</em> are likely convergent, and that the placement of <em>scotica </em>within <em>L. lagopus sensu lato</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data (Gutiérrez et al. 2002) is likely due to mitochondrial DNA artifacts. A detailed comparison of vocalizations to support this split is lacking and clarification on the status of <em>hibernica </em>is needed.","heather moorlands, coastal heaths, and upland moors from Ireland, northern Scotland, Isle of Man, and southward to southwestern England",null,null,null,"wilpta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilpta1","avibase-57065B64",null,null,"Scotland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/328/mode/1up","Tetrao scoticus"],["1156","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159","Willow Ptarmigan","Willow Ptarmigan",null,"2025-0431","Taxon <em>scotica </em>(monotypic, with <em>hibernica </em>as a synonym) is treated as a species separate from <em>Lagopus lagopus</em> based on differences in plumage, moult patterns, and genome-wide DNA data (Quintela et al. 2010; Kozma et al. 2019; Sangster et al. 2022b). The genetic study of Kozma et al. (2019) suggests that plumage similarities between taxon<em> L. scotica </em>and <em>L. l. variegata</em> are likely convergent, and that the placement of <em>scotica </em>within <em>L. lagopus sensu lato</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data (Gutiérrez et al. 2002) is likely due to mitochondrial DNA artifacts. A detailed comparison of vocalizations to support this split is lacking and clarification on the status of <em>hibernica </em>is needed.","arctic tundra, moors, heaths, bogs, and grassy fields, from coastal Norway southward to steppes of southwestern Siberia and northern Kazakhstan, western Mongolia (Tanmu-Ola, Khangai, and Kentei mountains), through eastern Siberia, Sakhalin, the Aleutians, Alaska, and northwestern British Columbia eastward to Newfoundland",null,null,null,"wilpta","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilpta","avibase-6CCEAF5D",null,null,"'in Europae alpinis,' restricted type locality, Swedish Lapland, apud Hartert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao Lagopus"],["1157","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus variegata","Salomonsen, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Norway (islands off Trondheim Fjord)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F96E408",null,null,"Froya, Trondhjems Fjord, W. Norway","Description of a new race of the Willow Grouse (Lagopus lagopus variegatus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/133/mode/1up","Lagopus lagopus variegatus"],["1158","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus lagopus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia and northern Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93852F42",null,null,"'in Europae alpinis,' restricted type locality, Swedish Lapland, apud Hartert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao Lagopus"],["1159","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus rossica","Serebrovski, 1926","Journal für Ornithologie 74, no.3 p.513",null,null,null,null,null,"Baltic countries to central Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87C42E33",null,null,"Jegorjewsk, Gouv. Riazan, Russia.","Neue Formen des Moorschneehuhnes (Lagopus lagopus (L.)).","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02004935","Lagopus lagopus rossicus"],["1160","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus koreni","Thayer & Bangs, 1914","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 5 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberia to Kamchatka Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEC1D19D",null,null,"Nijni Kolymsk, Kolyma Delta, Siberia.","Notes on the birds and mammals of the Arctic coast of East Siberia. Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41611#page/12/mode/1up","Lagopus lagopus koreni"],["1161","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus maior","Lorenz, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"steppes of southwestern Siberia and northern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FA1A3F7",null,null,"Orenburg, southeastern Russia, and Omsk, western Siberia.","Lagopus albus (L.) nov. subsp. maior.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/193/mode/1up","Lagopus albus maior"],["1162","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus brevirostris","Hesse, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Altai Mountains and Sayan Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6C87C2C",null,null,"Tscholesman, Altai.","Lagopus lagopus brevirostris subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/119/mode/1up","Lagopus lagopus brevirostris"],["1163","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus kozlowae","Portenko, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 3 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mongolia (Tanmu-Ola, Khangai and Kentei mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37980A24",null,null,"Valley of the Narin-gol, near Cholute, northern Mongolia.","Einige neue Unterarten paläarktischer Vögel.",null,"Lagopus lagopus kozlowae"],["1164","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus sserebrowsky","Domaniewski, 1933","Acta Ornithologica Musei Zoologici Polonici 1 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia (Lake Baikal to Sea of Okhotsk and Sikhote Alin Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62815718",null,null,"Temnik, Transbaicalie","Contribution à la connaissance des oiseaux de la Transbaïkalie du sud-ouest et de Mongolie du nord.",null,"Lagopus lagopus sserebrowsky"],["1165","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus okadai","Momiyama, 1928","Annotationes Ornithologiae Orientalis 1 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20DD4413",null,null,"Nairo, Nairo-mura, Sisuka-gun, Sisuka Prefect.-district, southern Sakhalin.","A catalogue of the Birdskins made by Mr. Makakite Tatibana in southern Sakhalin, during May, 1926, to January, 1927.",null,"Lagopus lagopus okadai"],["1166","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus alascensis","Swarth, 1926","University of California Publications in Zoology 30 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E17EBA89",null,null,"Kowak River Delta, Alaska.","Report on a collection of Birds and Mammals from the Atlin Region, northern British Columbia.",null,"Lagopus lagopus alascensis"],["1167","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus alexandrae","Grinnell, 1909","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Aleutian Islands to southeastern Alaskan islands (northwestern USA) and northwestern British Columbia (western Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87C48033",null,null,"Mountain at Bear Bay, Baranof Island, Alaska.","[The birds of the Alexander expedition to Alaska].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/270/mode/1up","Lagopus alexandrae"],["1168","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus leucoptera","Taverner, 1932","[National Museum of Canada] Annual Report for 1930 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Arctic islands of northern Canada and adjacent mainland to southern Baffin Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC7155A3",null,null,"Camp Kungovik, western coast of Baffin Island, lat. 65° 35' N.","A new subspecies of Willow Ptarmigan from the Arctic Islands of America",null,"Lagopus lagopus leucopterus"],["1169","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus alba","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.750",null,null,null,null,null,"tundra of northern Yukon and central British Columbia to Gulf of St. Lawrence",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BCE7B7B",null,null,"Northern America, Europe and Asia = Hudson Bay, restricted to the western side by Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 233.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/251/mode/1up","Tetrao albus"],["1170","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus ungavus","Riley, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Quebec and northern Labrador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-384015B7",null,null,"Fort Chimo, Ungava.","Description of three new birds from Canada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/271/mode/1up","Lagopus lagopus ungavus"],["1171","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lagopus lagopus alleni","Stejneger, 1884","The Auk 1, no.4 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"Newfoundland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-342DFE90",null,null,"St. John's, Newfoundland.","A new subspecies of Willow Grouse from Newfoundland.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss4/10/","Lagopus alba alleni"],["1172","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Falcipennis","Elliot, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falcipennis hartlaubii [Elliot, 1864]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Tetrao falcipennis Hartlaub, 1855",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/31/mode/1up","Falcipennis"],["1173","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Falcipennis falcipennis","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.13 p.39","Siberian Grouse","Siberian Grouse","Siberian Grouse",null,null,"coniferous forest of northeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679446","sibgro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibgro2","avibase-1522E139",null,null,"Southern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Stanovoi Mountains.","Ueber Tetrao falcipennis, nov. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/51/mode/1up","Tetrao falcipennis"],["1174","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites","Stejneger, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8 p.410",null,null,null,"2025-0129","Taxon <em>canadensis </em>is placed in the genus <em>Canachites </em>based on genetic evidence that <em>Falcipennis </em>is paraphyletic (Kimball et al. 2011, 2021; Persons et al. 2016).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao canadensis [Linnaeus]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/424/mode/1up","Canachites"],["1175","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159","Spruce Grouse","Spruce Grouse",null,"2025-0130","Taxon <em>franklinii </em>(polytypic, including <em>isleibi</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Falcipennis canadensis</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences between <em>franklinii </em>and <em>canadensis </em>are broadly clinal, previously described differences in clapping display show intermediacy, and there is a broad zone of intergradation in plumage traits between them, with subspecies <em>isleibi </em>phenotypically intermediate. Limited mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Barry &amp; Tallmon 2010) indicate limited divergence and evidence of gene flow within the complex.","coniferous forest from northern Alaska eastward across most Canada to Newfoundland and Labrador, and southward to northern US, in the west southward in the Rocky Mountains to northeastern Oregon and central Idaho, and in the east southward to northern Wisconsin, northern Michigan, and New York (formerly)",null,null,null,"sprgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sprgro","avibase-4BCA4FFF",null,null,"Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 71 9 , and pl. 118 c.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao canadensis"],["1176","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites canadensis osgoodi","Bishop, 1900","The Auk 17, no.2 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska and Yukon to Great Slave Lake and Lake Athabasca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-379CDAEE",null,null,"Lake Marsh, Northwest Territory [Yukon]","Descriptions of three new birds from Alaska.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss2/5/","Canachites canadensis osgoodi"],["1177","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites canadensis atratus","Grinnell, 1910","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Alaska (Bristol Bay) to Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A9C2B6D",null,null,"Cedar Bay and Canoe Passage, Hawkins Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska.","Birds of the 1908 Alexander Alaska expedition with a note on the avifaunal relationships of the Prince William Sound district.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/484/mode/1up","Canachites canadensis atratus"],["1178","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites canadensis canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alberta to Labrador and Nova Scotia (central to eastern Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-428DF6A7",null,null,"Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 71 9 , and pl. 118 c.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao canadensis"],["1179","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites canadensis canace","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Canada and adjacent USA (Minnesota to Maine)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9927112",null,null,"Canada, ex Brisson, Orn., 1, p. 203, pl. 20, f. 1, 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/279/mode/1up","Tetrao Canace"],["1180","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites canadensis isleibi","(Dickerman & Gustafson, 1996)","Western Birds 27, no.1 p.41-47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alaska (Prince of Wales Island, and adjacent islands in the Alexander Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC41C6F6",null,null,"near Little Naukati Bay, Prince of Wales Island (55 52' N, 133 13' W), southeastern Alaska","The Prince of Wales Spruce Grouse: a new subspecies from southeastern Alaska.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/western_birds/vol27/iss1/3/","Falcipennis canadensis isleibi"],["1181","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Canachites canadensis franklinii","(Douglas, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"British Columbia southward through the northern Rocky Mountains to northeastern Oregon and central Idaho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6FDB42B",null,null,"Rocky Mountains from lat. 50°-54°, near the sources of the Columbia River.","XII. Observations on some Species of the Genera Tetrao and Ortyx, natives of North America ; with Descriptions of Four new Species of the former, and Two of the latter Genus'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/152/mode/1up","Tetrao Franklinii"],["1182","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao urogallus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 62).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao"],["1183","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogalloides","Middendorff, 1853","Reise in den äuβersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt 2 p.195","Black-billed Capercaillie","Black-billed Capercaillie","Black-billed Capercaillie",null,null,"lowland to montane larch taiga from central Siberia eastward to Kamchatka (Russia), and southward to Sayan Mountains (northern Mongolia), northeastern China, and northern Sakhalin (Russia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679491","blbcap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbcap1","avibase-117B6909",null,null,"Siberia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114021#page/205/mode/1up","Tetrao urogalloides"],["1184","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogalloides urogalloides","Middendorff, 1853","Reise in den äuβersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt 2 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Baikal region, Sayan Mountains, and northern Mongolia eastward to northern Manchuria, Ussuriland, and Sakhalin Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6FC6ECB",null,null,"Siberia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114021#page/205/mode/1up","Tetrao urogalloides"],["1185","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogalloides kamtschaticus","Kittlitz, 1858","Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka 2 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"Kamchatka Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34379D9B",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,null,"Tetrao kamschaticus"],["1186","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159","Western Capercaillie","Western Capercaillie","Western Capercaillie",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, mostly coniferous, from Scotland and Scandinavia eastward across Russia to the southern Urals and southwestern Siberia, and patchily southward to the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain), across Germany and Romania and the Balkan Peninsula, and from central Siberia southward to Altai Mountains of eastern Kazakhstan and northwestern Mongolia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679487","wescap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wescap1","avibase-C3221EE2",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao Urogallus"],["1187","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus cantabricus","Castroviejo, 1967","Journal für Ornithologie 108, no.2 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F041CF3C",null,null,"Potes, Santander Prov. Spain","Eine neue Auerhuhnrasse von der Iberischen Halbinsel.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671411","Tetrao urogallus cantabricus"],["1188","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus","Ingram, 1915","Ibis ser.10, vol.3, no.1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"Pyrenees",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D409884F",null,null,"Vallée de Latour and Pic de Garbe, Hautes Pyrenées, France.","A Few Notes on Tetrao urogallus and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35484#page/182/mode/1up","Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus"],["1189","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus crassirostris","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"Germany to southwestern Baltic countries and Balkan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6039D7CA",null,null,"Es lebt in Kärnthen, wahrscheinlich auch in Tyrol unde in der Schweiz [=It lives in Carinthia, probably also in Tyrol and Switzerland]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/536/mode/1up","Tetrao crassirostris"],["1190","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus volgensis","Buturlin, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and central Belarus to central Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F9A77D7",null,null,"Gouv. Simbirsk.","Neue paläarktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/99/mode/1up","Tetrao urogallus volgensis"],["1191","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus urogallus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Scotland, Scandinavia and adjacent northwestern Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9943A1E4",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao Urogallus"],["1192","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus kureikensis","Buturlin, 1927","Uragus 2 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Russia to north-central Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E77F130",null,null,"Turukhansk District, lower Kureika River [eastern tributary of the lower Yenessei].","Kureiskii svetloklyuvii glukhar.",null,"Tetrao urogallus Kureikensis"],["1193","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus uralensis","Nazarov, 1886","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 62, no.2 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ural Mountains and southwestern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1912E0A8",null,null,"aux environs de Verchné-Ouralsk",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106825#page/823/mode/1up","Tetrao urogallus var. uralensis"],["1194","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetrao urogallus taczanowskii","(Stejneger, 1885)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 29 p.193,note",null,null,null,null,null,"central Siberia to Altai Mountains and northwestern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC85FFAE",null,null,"Irkutsk, ex Taczanowski, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 243.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32830#page/199/mode/1up","Urogallus urogallus taczanowskii"],["1195","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.342,497",null,null,null,"2025-0131","Genus <em>Lyrurus </em>is recognized for <em>tetrix </em>and <em>mlokosiewiczi</em>, based on plumage and monophyly.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao tetrix [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/482/mode/1up","Lyrurus"],["1196","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.267","Caucasian Grouse","Caucasian Grouse","Caucasian Grouse",null,null,"Caucasus Mountains, from far southwestern Russia eastward to northeastern Azerbaijan and southward to northeastern Türkiye, Armenia, and far northwestern Iran",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679483","caugro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caugro1","avibase-4ACE5613",null,null,"Lagodechi, eastern Caucasus.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Coq de bruyère.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/369/mode/1up","Tetrao mlokosiewiczi"],["1197","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus tetrix","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159","Black Grouse","Black Grouse","Black Grouse",null,null,"lowland to montane transitional habitats between forest and open plains, steppe, and moor, from Scandinavia eastward to Kolyma River (northeastern Siberia), and southward to north and western Britain, the Alps (France to Austria), and patchily in eastern Europe, eastward to northern Kazakhstan, northwestern and northeastern China, northern Mongolia, Ussuriland (Russia), and northeastern Korea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679480","blagro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blagro1","avibase-D4441CD6",null,null,"'Habitat in Europae frigidae Ericetis, Betuletis' = Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao Tetrix"],["1198","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus tetrix britannicus","Witherby & Lönnberg, 1913","British Birds 6 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"the British Isles (northern England and Scotland, including the Inner Hebrides)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F637140",null,null,"Thornhill, Dumfriesshire, Scotland.","The British Black Grouse, Lyrurus tetrix britannicus subsp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36777#page/298/mode/1up","Lyrurus tetrix britannicus"],["1199","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus tetrix tetrix","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia to France and northern Italy eastward to Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A0DB4BE",null,null,"'Habitat in Europae frigidae Ericetis, Betuletis' = Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Tetrao Tetrix"],["1200","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus tetrix viridanus","(Lorenz, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.196 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Russia to southwestern Siberia, southward to northwestern Altai and Sayan mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-929B2E4F",null,null,"Gouvernements of Saratov, Samara and Orenburg.","Ueber Tetrao tetrix subspec. viridanus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/378/mode/1up","Tetrao tetrix subspec. viridanus"],["1201","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus tetrix baikalensis","(Lorenz, 1911)","Die Birkhühner Russlands, deren Bastarde, Ausartungen und Varietäten: Fragmente einer künstlerisch-wissenschaftlichen Monographie p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia to northern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (northeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77724AA1",null,null,"Transbaikalia, near Tchita and Verchne-Udinsk.",null,null,"Tetrao tetrix var. baikalensis"],["1202","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus tetrix mongolicus","(Lönnberg, 1904)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kyrgyzstan and northwestern China to eastern Kazakhstan, south-central Siberia, and western Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8FD4FEF",null,null,"Baimgol and Chantengri, 'Mongolia' = Tian Shan)","Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Variation des Birkwilds (Tetrao (Lyrurus) tetrix L.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/124/mode/1up","Tetrao tetrix mongolicus"],["1203","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lyrurus tetrix ussuriensis","(Kohts, 1911)","Die Birkhühner Russlands, deren Bastarde, Ausartungen und Varietäten: Fragmente einer künstlerisch-wissenschaftlichen Monographie p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia (Lake Baikal) to northwestern Korea and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B88DEA2",null,null,"Ussuri Region.",null,null,"Tetrao tetrix var. ussuriensis"],["1204","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.26,219",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tetrao perdix [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Tetrao perdix Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/66/mode/1up","Perdix"],["1205","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix hodgsoniae","(Hodgson, 1856)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 25, no.2 p.165,pl","Tibetan Partridge","Tibetan Partridge","Tibetan Partridge",null,null,"dry alpine slopes of Tibetan facies of Himalayas from Ladakh (far northwestern India) eastward to southeastern Tibet, north to Qinghai and Gansu, and southward through Sichuan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678919","tibpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibpar1","avibase-ABB81DC6",null,null,"Tibet.","On a new Perdicine bird from Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124451#page/189/mode/1up","Sacfa Hodgsoniae"],["1206","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix hodgsoniae caraganae","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Ladakh (far northwestern India) through far eastern Uttarakhand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9F2EFC",null,null,"Shushal, 15000 ft., eastern Ladak [=Ladakh, India]","Descriptions of six new races of birds from India and the Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/124/mode/1up","Perdix hodgsoniae caraganae"],["1207","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix hodgsoniae hodgsoniae","(Hodgson, 1856)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 25, no.2 p.165,pl",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (western Nepal to Assam and eastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-952BE109",null,null,"Tibet.","On a new Perdicine bird from Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124451#page/189/mode/1up","Sacfa Hodgsoniae"],["1208","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix hodgsoniae sifanica","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tibet to west-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0569BB98",null,null,"High mountains of Kansu = Eastern Nan Shan on the route from eastern Koko-nor to Jing-ynan-yen [Capital of Ala-Shan Province] fide P. P. Sushkin in litt. to O. Bangs.",null,null,"Perdix sifanica"],["1209","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix dauurica","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.78","Daurian Partridge","Daurian Partridge","Daurian Partridge",null,null,"open areas near shrubs in plains and mountains of Kyrgyzstan and northeastern Kazakhstan through western and northern Xinjiang, southwestern Siberia and Mongolia eastward to Transbaikalia, Amurland (northeastern Russia) and northeastern China, and south to Qinghai (north-central China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678916","daupar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daupar1","avibase-0923A272",null,null,"Tauria around Karassubasar [Crimea]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/94/mode/1up","Tetrao perdix var. dauurica"],["1210","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix dauurica dauurica","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"steppe of Kyrgyzstan and northeastern Kazakhstan through western and northern Xinjiang, southwestern Siberia, Mongolia, Qinghai, and Gansu (north-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03C4B4CA",null,null,"Tauria around Karassubasar [Crimea]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/94/mode/1up","Tetrao perdix var. dauurica"],["1211","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix dauurica suschkini","Polyakov, 1915","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"steppe ofTransbaikalia and Amurland (northeastern Russia) and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E58D001",null,null,"Ussuriland.","K ornitofaune Primorskoi oblasti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/410/mode/1up","Perdix daurica suschkini"],["1212","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160","Grey Partridge","Gray Partridge","Grey Partridge",null,null,"grassland and cropland of Western Palearctic from Ireland to southern Scandinavia eastward to south-central Russia, eastern Kazakhstan, and adjacent northwestern Xinjiang; in south to northern Spain, and east through Türkiye; reintroduced to many parts of Europe, and introduced to North America, particularly west-central Canada to upper Midwest USA, and south in Great Basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678911","grypar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grypar","avibase-C013A20E",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Perdix"],["1213","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix perdix","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Britain and southern Scandinavia to Greece and Bulgaria; introduced to western Canada and USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3184E00",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao Perdix"],["1214","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix armoricana","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in France",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-654C8978",null,null,"Riaille, Loire Inferieure, France.","Notes on Game-Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/326/mode/1up","Perdix perdix armoricana"],["1215","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix sphagnetorum","(Altum, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.3 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"moors of northern Holland and northwestern Germany",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFC3E2F9",null,null,"Meppen, Hannover, Germany.","Ueber Formen des Rephuhns, Starna cinerea L..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/278/mode/1up","Starna cinerea var. sphagnetorum"],["1216","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix hispaniensis","Reichenow, 1892","Bericht über die März-Sitzung, Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central Pyrenees (northeastern Portugal and northern Spain)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E581E168",null,null,"Coruiia, Spain.",null,null,"Perdix hispaniensis"],["1217","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix italica","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E07D999",null,null,"Near Chianti, Italy, type from Badia de Passignano.","Notes on Game-Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/325/mode/1up","Perdix perdix italica"],["1218","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix lucida","(Altum, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.3 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"Finland eastward to Ural Mountains and southward to Black Sea and northern Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-970A8135",null,null,"East Prussia.","Ueber Formen des Rephuhns, Starna cinerea L..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/278/mode/1up","Starna cinerea var. lucida"],["1219","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix canescens","Buturlin, 1906","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.23 p.409,411",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye eastward to the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B116E3D0",null,null,"Akhaltsikh, Transcaucasia.","On the Birds collected in Transcaucasia by Mr. A. M. Kobylin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/497/mode/1up","Perdix perdix canescens"],["1220","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdix perdix robusta","Homeyer & Tancré, 1883","Mittheilungen des Ornithologischen Vereines in Wien 7, no.3 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Ural Mountains to southwestern Siberia and northwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BACCAD58",null,null,"Altai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101493#page/352/mode/1up","Perdix robusta"],["1221","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1229",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus reevesii [J.E. Gray, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/661/mode/1up","Syrmaticus"],["1222","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus soemmerringii","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.82, vol.5 pl.487,488","Copper Pheasant","Copper Pheasant","Copper Pheasant",null,null,"coniferous hill and montane forest of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu (central and southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679340","copphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copphe1","avibase-0C641DC5",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/49/mode/1up","Phasianus soemmerringii"],["1223","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus soemmerringii scintillans","(Gould, 1866)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.17, no.98 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (coniferous forest of northern and central Honshu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5A4B272",null,null,"Japan = Yokohama.","XVIII. Notice of a Japanese Pheasant.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54464#page/164/mode/1up","Phasianus (Graphophasianus) scintillans"],["1224","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus soemmerringii subrufus","(Kuroda, 1919)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 31 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (coniferous forest of southern Honshu and southwestern Shikoku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CDB2574",null,null,"Oisan, Province of Suruga, Hondo, Japan.","Descriptions of five new forms of Japanese Pheasants.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38379#page/142/mode/1up","Phasianus soemmerringi subrufus"],["1225","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus soemmerringii intermedius","(Kuroda, 1919)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 31 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (coniferous forest of southwestern Honshu and Shikoku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F80D0703",null,null,"Yunoyamamura, Province of Iyo, Shikoku, Japan.","Descriptions of five new forms of Japanese Pheasants.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38379#page/141/mode/1up","Phasianus soemmerringi intermedius"],["1226","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus soemmerringii soemmerringii","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.82, vol.5 pl.487,488",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (coniferous forest of northern and central Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F225AE4E",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/49/mode/1up","Phasianus soemmerringii"],["1227","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus soemmerringii ijimae","(Dresser, 1902)","Ibis ser.8, vol.2, no.8 p.656",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (coniferous forest of southeastern Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-730F36DE",null,null,"Province of Hiuga, island of Kiusiu.","On a new Pheasant from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110610#page/738/mode/1up","Phasianus ijimae"],["1228","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus reevesii","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.25","Reeves's Pheasant","Reeves's Pheasant","Reeves's Pheasant",null,null,"low-altitude deciduous forest of north-central China",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679346","reephe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reephe1","avibase-94785AFF",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/39/mode/1up","Phasianus Reevesii"],["1229","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus mikado","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.122","Mikado Pheasant","Mikado Pheasant","Mikado Pheasant",null,null,"montane forest of central Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679336","mikphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mikphe1","avibase-8DE17149",null,null,"Mount Arizan, central Formosa; the 'type' is a pair of central rectrices.","On new species from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/148/mode/1up","Calophasis mikado"],["1230","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus ellioti","(Swinhoe, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.550","Elliot's Pheasant","Elliot's Pheasant","Elliot's Pheasant",null,null,"montane bamboo forest of southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679325","ellphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ellphe1","avibase-117C0DDF",null,null,"Mountains near Ningpo, Chekiang, China.","Descriptions of two new Pheasants and a new Garrulax from Ningpo, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/634/mode/1up","Phasianus ellioti"],["1231","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus humiae","(Hume, 1881)","Stray Feathers 9 p.461","Mrs. Hume's Pheasant","Mrs. Hume's Pheasant","Mrs Hume's Pheasant",null,null,"oak-pine forest and broadleaf forest in mountains of northeastern India from Nagaland southward to Mizoram and southern Chin Hills of western Myanmar, and from southwestern China (western Yunnan) southward through eastern Myanmar to northwestern Thailand",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679330","humphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humphe1","avibase-FAF7DC71",null,null,"Manipur.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94421#page/487/mode/1up","Callophasis humiae"],["1232","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus humiae humiae","(Hume, 1881)","Stray Feathers 9 p.461",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of far northeastern India and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA577EB9",null,null,"Manipur.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94421#page/487/mode/1up","Callophasis humiae"],["1233","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Syrmaticus humiae burmanicus","(Oates, 1898)","Ibis ser.7, vol.4 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan) to Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEC7A695",null,null,"Ruby Mines district and Kalaw, Burma.","On a New Species of Pheasant from Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/168/mode/1up","Calophasis burmanicus"],["1234","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Chrysolophus","Gray, 1834","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2, no.15-16 pl.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus pictus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267511#page/89/mode/1up","Chrysolophus"],["1235","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Chrysolophus pictus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158","Golden Pheasant","Golden Pheasant","Golden Pheasant",null,null,"mountain slopes of central and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679355","golphe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golphe","avibase-093AC1FC",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus pictus"],["1236","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Chrysolophus amherstiae","(Leadbeater, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.129 pl.15","Lady Amherst's Pheasant","Lady Amherst's Pheasant","Lady Amherst's Pheasant",null,null,"mountains of southeastern Tibet and southwestern China to northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679358","laaphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laaphe1","avibase-DDF032E8",null,null,"Mountains of Cochinchina.","XI. On an undescribed Species of the Genus Phasianus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/142/mode/1up","Phasianus Amherstiae"],["1237","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus colchicus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus"],["1238","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus versicolor","Vieillot, 1825","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 2 p.23 pl.205","Green Pheasant","Green Pheasant","Green Pheasant","2025-0125","Taxon <em>versicolor </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Phasianus colchicus</em> (polytypic) based on reproductive behavior and genetics. Although the two species hybridize, post-zygotic selection against hybrids (Brazil 1991) or genetic swamping (McCarthy 2006) appears to operate. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA also show levels of divergence similar to other species pairs of pheasants (Liu et al. 2020b).","woodland and open areas of plains to hills of Honshu to Yakushima and Tanegashima (southeast of Kyushu) and Izu Islands (central to southern Japan); introduced to several islands off Honshu and in Ryukyu Islands, and to the Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, where now perhaps extirpated) and (less successfully) elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732650","rinphe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinphe2","avibase-22C500C0",null,null,"Java, error = Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271542#page/48/mode/1up","Phasianus versicolor"],["1239","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus versicolor robustipes","Kuroda, 1919","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 31 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (northwestern Honshu and Sado Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90A26A50",null,null,"Island of Sado, Japan.","Descriptions of five new forms of Japanese Pheasants.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38379#page/144/mode/1up","Phasianus versicolor robustipes"],["1240","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus versicolor tohkaidi","Momiyama, 1922","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 34 p.734",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Honshu and Shikoku (central Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50A7B276",null,null,"Province of Ise, Hondo, Japan.","New and known forms of Phasianus versicolor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38858#page/287/mode/1up","Phasianus versicolor tohkaidi"],["1241","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus versicolor tanensis","Kuroda, 1919","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 31 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (central Honshu) and Izu Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-430F64E5",null,null,"Island of Tanegashima, Japan.","Descriptions of five new forms of Japanese Pheasants.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38379#page/143/mode/1up","Phasianus versicolor tanensis"],["1242","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus versicolor versicolor","Vieillot, 1825","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 2 p.23 pl.205",null,null,null,null,null,"western Honshu and Kyushu (central and southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BBF75BC",null,null,"Java, error = Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271542#page/48/mode/1up","Phasianus versicolor"],["1243","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158","Common Pheasant","Ring-necked Pheasant","Common Pheasant","2025-0125","Taxon <em>versicolor </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Phasianus colchicus</em> (polytypic) based on reproductive behavior and genetics. Although the two species hybridize, post-zygotic selection against hybrids (Brazil 1991) or genetic swamping (McCarthy 2006) appears to operate. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA also show levels of divergence similar to other species pairs of pheasants (Liu et al. 2020b).","native range, fragmented to the west and widespread to the east, is lowland to montane open forest, highland grassland, and bamboo scrub, from Bulgaria and Greece eastward to the northern slope of the Himalayas, thence northward across China to the Korean Peninsula, and southward to northernmost Vietnam, and Taiwan; successfully introduced widely, often in agricultural land, including non-native habitats in Asia, Europe, southeastern Australia, New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands (all main islands), North America, and Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45100023","rinphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinphe1","avibase-2FA39DCD",null,null,"Africa, Asia = Rion [formerly Phasis].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus colchicus"],["1244","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus septentrionalis","Lorenz, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 36, no.184 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Caucasus from Dagestan to north of the Volga Delta (Russia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DBF3CF0",null,null,"North side of the Caucasus.","Briefliches über zwei neue Fasanen-Abarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101705#page/582/mode/1up","Phasianus colchicus L. subspec. septentrionalis"],["1245","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus colchicus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Georgia to northeastern Azerbaijan, southern Armenia, and northwestern Iran; a mixture of colchicus, torquatus, and other subspecies now widely introduced, including across Europe, New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, North America, and South America (southern Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36EA5BB9",null,null,"Africa, Asia = Rion [formerly Phasis].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus colchicus"],["1246","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus talischensis","Lorenz, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 36, no.184 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan and north-central Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40ABF0E2",null,null,"Lenkoran [formerly in the Khanat of Talysh].","Briefliches über zwei neue Fasanen-Abarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101705#page/581/mode/1up","Phasianus persicus Swz. subspec. talischensis"],["1247","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus persicus","Severtsov, 1875","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 48 no.3 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Turkmenistan and northeastern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF47CFCF",null,null,"South shore of the Caspian Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106828#page/684/mode/1up","Phasianus persicus"],["1248","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus principalis","Sclater, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.2 p.324 pl.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Turkmenistan, far northeastern Iran, and northwestern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30F84E06",null,null,"Bala Murghab, Afghanistan.","Report on the additions to the Society's Menagerie in March 1885.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/396/mode/1up","Phasianus principalis"],["1249","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas","Severtsov, 1875","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 48 no.3 p.207,208",null,null,null,null,null,"Amu Darya Delta, in western Uzbekistan and adjacent northern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDC1DCE1",null,null,"Lower Amu Daria, Russian Turkestan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106828#page/683/mode/1up","Phasianus chrysomelas"],["1250","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus zarudnyi","Buturlin, 1904","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"central valleys of the Amu Darya River on the eastern Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DA5C759",null,null,"Amu Daria from Khiva to Chard jui.","On the Geographical Distribution of the True Pheasants (Genus Phasianus sensu stricto).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/450/mode/1up","Phasianus principalis zarudnyi"],["1251","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus bianchii","Buturlin, 1904","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"upper valley of the Amu Darya River in southern Uzbekistan, southwestern Tajikistan, and far northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7F2F7F7",null,null,"Upper Amu Daria Valley.","On the Geographical Distribution of the True Pheasants (Genus Phasianus sensu stricto).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/453/mode/1up","Phasianus chrysomelas bianchii"],["1252","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus zerafschanicus","Tarnovski, 1893","The Field 77 p.409",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uzbekistan (Bukhara and Zerafshan Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93F681EF",null,null,"Katla Kurgan, Samarkand.",null,null,"Phasianus zerafschanicus n. sp. sive klossovskii"],["1253","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus turcestanicus","Lorenz, 1896","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kazakhstan (Syr Darya Valley) southward to the Fergana Basin in eastern Uzbekistan and the borders of Kyrgyzstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92E3EB5A",null,null,"Syr Daria River, Turkestan.","Phasianus mongolicus turcestanicus nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/205/mode/1up","Phasianus mongolicus turcestanicus"],["1254","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus mongolicus","Brandt, 1844","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 3 no.4 col.51",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tian Shan in northern Kyrgyzstan northward through eastern Kazakhstan to Lake Balkhash, and eastward to northwestern Xinjiang and Urumchi (western China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3AB8960",null,null,"Regions of the Altai and Mongolia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173042#page/478/mode/1up","Phasianus mongolicus"],["1255","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus shawii","Elliot, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.403",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tarim Basin (Xinjiang), in western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1200917A",null,null,"Yarkand.","Description of new Species of Pheasants from the Province of Yarkand, Eastern Turkestan, and from the Island of Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/487/mode/1up","Phasianus shawii"],["1256","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus tarimensis","Pleske, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.4 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Tarim Basin, in western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD680747",null,null,"From Karashar and the Cherchen Daria to Lob-nor.","[Note on a new species of Phasianus collected by General Prejevalski from the shores of Lob-Nor].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/481/mode/1up","Phasianus tarimensis"],["1257","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus vlangalii","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.116 pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (northern Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C75CFD2B",null,null,"Zaidam.",null,null,"Phasianus vlangalii"],["1258","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus strauchi","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.119 pl.17",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (southern Shaanxi and southern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2508040",null,null,"Tetung and Buhuk-gol, Kansu.",null,null,"Phasianus strauchi"],["1259","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus sohokhotensis","Buturlin, 1908","Ibis ser.9, vol.2, no.8 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (Sohokhoto Oasis and Qilian Shan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84C4E2EE",null,null,"Sohokhoto Oasis in southern Alashan, 100 km. from the northern foothills of the eastern Nan Shans.","Additional Notes on the True Pheasants (Phasianus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35543#page/644/mode/1up","Phasianus strauchi sohokotensis"],["1260","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus satscheuensis","Pleske, 1892","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 13 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (far western Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AB235D0",null,null,"North of the Nan Shans.",null,null,"Phasianus satscheuensis"],["1261","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus hagenbecki","Rothschild, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mongolia (Kobdo Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B6940B3",null,null,"Kobdo Valley.","Exhibition of Asiatic Pheasants, with description of two new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/276/mode/1up","Phasianus hagenbecki"],["1262","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus edzinensis","Sushkin, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DCFA358",null,null,"Lower Edzin-gol [or Hei-ho], central Gobi.","Description of six new subspecies of Palaearctic Game-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/69/mode/1up","Phasianus colchicus edzinensis"],["1263","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus alaschanicus","Alferaki & Bianchi, 1908","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 1907, 12 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China, in the foothills of the Helan (Alashan) Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E67EC9DD",null,null,"Western foothills of the Ala-Shans.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36241#page/614/mode/1up","Phasianus alaschanicus"],["1264","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus kiangsuensis","Buturlin, 1904","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China (northern Shanxi and Shaanxi) to southeastern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C576E3A",null,null,"Delta of Yang-tsi-kiang to Kalgan, E. China [Yangtze River Delta Kalgan (Zhangjiakou)]","On the Geographical Distribution of the True Pheasants (Genus Phasianus sensu stricto).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/453/mode/1up","Phasianus holdereri kiangsuensis"],["1265","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus karpowi","Buturlin, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China (southern Heilongjiang and northern Hebei) to Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-888AF2CC",null,null,"Te-lin, southern Manchuria.","Mandschurischer Ringfasan, Phasianus karpowi spec. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/19/mode/1up","Phasianus karpowi"],["1266","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus pallasi","Rothschild, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B360D0C",null,null,"Restricted type locality, lower Sidemi River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/415/mode/1up","Phasianus torquatus pallasi"],["1267","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus suehschanensis","Bianchi, 1906","Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg ser.5, vol.24 p.83,84,89",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (northwestern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD193FD7",null,null,"Sungpan, northern Szechuan.",null,null,"Phasianus suehschanensis"],["1268","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus elegans","Elliot, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.6, no.34 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40CF3AAA",null,null,"'Province of Szechuan somewhere near its southwestern border.'","XXVIII. Description of a new Species of Pheasant from the Province of Sechuen, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93156#page/336/mode/1up","Phasianus elegans"],["1269","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus decollatus","Swinhoe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (Sichuan to Liaoning, northeastern Yunnan, and Guizhou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA8BDEE1",null,null,"Type from the market at Chunkingfu, Szechuan.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds procured during a cruise up the River Yangtsze (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/179/mode/1up","Phasianus decollatus"],["1270","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus rothschildi","La Touche, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (eastern Yunnan) and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBAFC33D",null,null,"Mountains near Mengtsz, southeastern Yunnan.","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/276/mode/1up","Phasianus colchicus rothschildi"],["1271","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus takatsukasae","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-515E4965",null,null,"Langson, Tonkin.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/191/mode/1up","Phasianus colchicus takatsukasae"],["1272","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus torquatus","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.760",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China (Shandong) to Vietnam border. Pheasants representing a mixture of colchicus, torquatus, and other subspecies now are widely introduced around the world, including St. Helena, Europe, New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands (all main islands), and North America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EA3F901",null,null,"China, ex Latham. Restricted type locality, southeastern China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/243/mode/1up","Phasianus colchicus β torquatus"],["1273","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Phasianus colchicus formosanus","Elliot, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62FC3355",null,null,"Formosa.","Description of new Species of Pheasants from the Province of Yarkand, Eastern Turkestan, and from the Island of Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/490/mode/1up","Phasianus formosanus"],["1274","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Catreus","Cabanis, 1851","Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgeben von J.S. Ersch und J.G. Gruber sect.1, no.53 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus wallichii [Hardwicke, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,"Gallus","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN355106558?tify={%22pages%22:[227],%22panX%22:0.516,%22panY%22:0.493,%22view%22:%22scan%22,%22zoom%22:0.634}","Catreus"],["1275","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Catreus wallichii","(Hardwicke, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.166","Cheer Pheasant","Cheer Pheasant","Cheer Pheasant",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Afghanistan to central Nepal",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679312","chephe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chephe1","avibase-BCF98F51",null,null,"Almorah Hills.","VIII. Description of two new Birds from Nepaul.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/172/mode/1up","Lophophorus (Phasianus) Wallichii"],["1276","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon","Hodgson, 1838","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 7, pt.2, no.82 p.864",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Phasianus crossoptilon [Hodgson, 1838]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123637#page/328/mode/1up","Crossoptilon"],["1277","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon auritum","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.86","Blue Eared Pheasant","Blue Eared-Pheasant","Blue Eared-pheasant",null,null,"montane forest of north-central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679307","blephe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blephe1","avibase-B3777B6C",null,null,"Interior of China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/102/mode/1up","Phasianus auritus"],["1278","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon mantchuricum","Swinhoe, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.287","Brown Eared Pheasant","Brown Eared-Pheasant","Brown Eared-pheasant",null,null,"montane forest of northeastern China (Liaoning and Shanxi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679299","brephe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brephe1","avibase-3AE74F1C",null,null,"Vicinity of Peking, China","On a Bird supposed to be the Female of Crossoptilon auritum, Pallas, from Northern China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90953#page/383/mode/1up","Crossoptilon mantchuricum"],["1279","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon harmani","Elwes, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.19 p.399 pl.13","Tibetan Eared Pheasant","Tibetan Eared-Pheasant","Tibetan Eared-pheasant",null,null,"rhododendron forest of southern Tibet and adjacent northeastern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679287","whieap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whieap2","avibase-23937719",null,null,"150 miles east of Lhassa, Tibet.","On a new Crossoptilon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/455/mode/1up","Crossoptilon harmani"],["1280","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon crossoptilon","(Hodgson, 1838)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 7, pt.2, no.82 p.864","White Eared Pheasant","White Eared-Pheasant","White Eared-pheasant",null,null,"montane subalpine coniferous forest, oak woodland, rhododendron and juniper scrub, from eastern Tibet and southeastern Qinghai (western China) eastward to southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan (south-central China); some downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679292","whieap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whieap1","avibase-D39EDBF1",null,null,"No exact type locality, but type probably from western China.","On a new species of Pheasant from Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123637#page/328/mode/1up","Phasianus crossoptilon"],["1281","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon crossoptilon dolani","Meyer de Schauensee, 1937","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 89 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (southern Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADC753C2",null,null,"Jyekundo, South Kokonor, 33 N, 96 45' E","First preliminary report on the results of the second Dolan expedition to west China and Tibet. Two new Birds from Tibet.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064270","Crossoptilon crossoptilon dolani"],["1282","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon crossoptilon crossoptilon","(Hodgson, 1838)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 7, pt.2, no.82 p.864",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (western Sichuan) to southeastern Tibet and far northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1052A13",null,null,"No exact type locality, but type probably from western China.","On a new species of Pheasant from Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123637#page/328/mode/1up","Phasianus crossoptilon"],["1283","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon crossoptilon lichiangense","Delacour, 1945","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 31 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9496AD3",null,null,"eastern flank of the Lichiang Range, N.W. Yunnan, alt. 14000 feet, October 10, 1922 [China]","Note on the Eared Pheasants (Crossoptilon) with the description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215764#page/65/mode/1up","Crossoptilon crossoptilon lichiangense"],["1284","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Crossoptilon crossoptilon drouynii","Verreaux, 1868","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 4, fasc.3 p.85 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8021F3ED",null,null,"Mupin, Szechuan. Probably in errore. According to Hartert, antea, p. 1967, the type agrees with skins from southeastern Tibet.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49420#page/275/mode/1up","Crossoptilon Drouynii"],["1285","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura","Fleming, 1822","The philosophy of zoology; or a general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals 2 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phasianus ignitus [Shaw, 1798]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89678#page/238/mode/1up","Lophura"],["1286","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura swinhoii","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.284","Swinhoe's Pheasant","Swinhoe's Pheasant","Swinhoe's Pheasant",null,null,"montane forest of central Taiwan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679241","swiphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swiphe1","avibase-1EFA9BD0",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/338/mode/1up","Euplocamus swinhoii"],["1287","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura edwardsi","(Oustalet, 1896)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2, no.7 p.316","Edwards's Pheasant","Edwards's Pheasant","Vietnam Pheasant",null,null,"lowlands of central Vietnam (perhaps extinct in wild, but persists in captivity)","Possibly Extinct in the Wild","CR (PEW)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45354985","edwphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/edwphe1","avibase-7F93B067",null,null,"Kuang-Tri [=Qu?ng Tr?], Annam.","Description de cinq espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux appartenant au Muséum d'histoire naturelle et provenant de la Chine et de l'Indo-Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137047#page/326/mode/1up","Gennaeus Edwardsi"],["1288","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura bulweri","(Sharpe, 1874)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.14, no.83 p.373","Bulwer's Pheasant","Bulwer's Pheasant","Bulwer's Pheasant",null,null,"submontane forest of interior Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679278","bulphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bulphe1","avibase-2CE71349",null,null,"Mountains of Lanos [i.e. Lawas], northern Borneo.","XLIX. Description of a remarkable new Pheasant from Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53304#page/387/mode/1up","Lobiophasis Bulweri"],["1289","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.633","Kalij Pheasant","Kalij Pheasant","Kalij Pheasant",null,null,"lowland to montane evergreen and deciduous forest with dense understory, thickets, and rhododendron scrub, from northern Pakistan eastward across the Himalayas to northeastern India, southeastern Tibet, and northwestern Yunnan (China), and southward through northeastern Bangladesh and Myanmar, to western and peninsular Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679217","kalphe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kalphe","avibase-93A17734",null,null,"India, restricted type locality, Nepal, apud Stuart Baker, antea, p. 322.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/173/mode/1up","Phasianus leucomelanos"],["1290","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos hamiltonii","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Indus River to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4677C834",null,null,"India; the type probably came from Nepal, fide N. B. Kinnear, in lilt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/41/mode/1up","Phasianus Hamiltonii"],["1291","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos leucomelanos","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.633",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical pine, sal, and moist temperate forest of Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8BF12DD",null,null,"India, restricted type locality, Nepal, apud Stuart Baker, antea, p. 322.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/173/mode/1up","Phasianus leucomelanos"],["1292","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos melanota","(Hutton, 1848)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 17, pt.2 p.694",null,null,null,null,null,"Sikkim and western Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8C607B5",null,null,"Darjeeling.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124013#page/782/mode/1up","[Euplocomus] melanotus"],["1293","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos moffitti","(Hachisuka, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.91 [91-93]",null,null,null,null,null,"range unknown; possibly central Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0840D48A",null,null,"captive bird, California, from parents imported from Calcutta","Description of a new Kaleege Pheasant.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/129/mode/1up","Gennaeus moffitti"],["1294","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos lathami","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bhutan and eastern Bangladesh eastward to northeastern India (Assam and Arunachal Pradesh), southern China (far southeastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan), and northern Myanmar (probably eastward to Ayeyarwady River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE07F5C2",null,null,"Sylhet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/40/mode/1up","Phasianus Lathami"],["1295","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos williamsi","(Oates, 1898)","A manual of the game birds of India 1 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (eastward to Ayeyarwady River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D716762",null,null,"Kalewa, Chin Hills, Upper Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/76704#page/358/mode/1up","Gennaeus williamsi"],["1296","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos oatesi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEE22F5F",null,null,"Near Prome, lat. 19° N., southeastern Arakan Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34477#page/326/mode/1up","Gennaeus oatesi"],["1297","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos lineata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (east of Ayeyarwady River) to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0181A020",null,null,"Straits of Malacca, error.","Exhibition of a specimen of the lineated Pheasant of Dr. Latham [Gen. Hist., vol. viii. p. 201. sp. 14.] which had lately been received from the Straits of Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/38/mode/1up","Phasianus lineatus"],["1298","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura leucomelanos crawfurdii","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85E4BB0A",null,null,"Ava",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/41/mode/1up","Phasianus Crawfurdii"],["1299","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159","Silver Pheasant","Silver Pheasant","Silver Pheasant",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill primary and secondary forest, and grassland near forest, from southern China, including Hainan, southward through eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, and northern and central Vietnam, to southwestern Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679220","silphe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silphe","avibase-D793F5FE",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Phasianus nycthemerus"],["1300","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera omeiensis","Cheng, Chang & Tang, 1964","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 1 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (southern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7776D13",null,null,"Opien, Szechwan, alt. 1000 m","A new subspecies of the Silver pheasant from Szechwan, China.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122100453.pdf","Lophura nycthemera omeiensis"],["1301","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera rongjiangensis","Tan & Wu, 1981","Zoological Research 2 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (southeastern Guizhou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E330D91",null,null,"Rongjiang, Guizhou, 500 m, China","A new subspecies of the Silver Pheasant form Guizhou, China - Lophura nycthemera rongjiangensis.",null,"Lophura nycthemera rongjiangensis"],["1302","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera nycthemera","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Guangdong and Guangxi) to northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EB05092",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/178/mode/1up","Phasianus nycthemerus"],["1303","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera fokiensis","Delacour, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1377 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (northwestern Fujian and (?) Zhejiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D684C2F4",null,null,"northwestern Fokien [=Fujian Province, China], collected by P. D. Bergen, November 21, 1911","The subspecies of Lophura nycthemera.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4419/","Lophura nycthemera fokiensis"],["1304","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera whiteheadi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.20 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33A2BCEF",null,null,"Five Finger Mountain, Hainan.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds from the Interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/646/mode/1up","Gennaeus whiteheadi"],["1305","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera occidentalis","Delacour, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1377 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (northwestern Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C75BE30B",null,null,"hills northwest of Tengyueh, Yunnan, alt. 7000 feet","The subspecies of Lophura nycthemera.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4419/","Lophura nycthemera occidentalis"],["1306","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera rufipes","(Oates, 1898)","A manual of the game birds of India 1 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Myanmar (Northern Shan State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1341C2D",null,null,"Mogok, Ruby Mines district, northeastern Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/76704#page/378/mode/1up","Gennaeus rufipes"],["1307","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera jonesi","(Oates, 1903)","Ibis ser.8, vol.3, no.9 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan) and central Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8073A33",null,null,"Twenty miles east of Kengtung in lat. 21° 30' N., and long. 99° 45' E., South Shan States.","On the Silver-Pheasants of Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54774#page/147/mode/1up","Gennaeus jonesi"],["1308","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera ripponi","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Myanmar (Southern Shan State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-360D943D",null,null,"Southern Shan Hills, type from Mawkmai.","A new Silver Pheasant from the Shan hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/399/mode/1up","Gennaeus ripponi"],["1309","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera beaulieui","Delacour, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1377 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (southeastern Yunnan) to northern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9647FAFA",null,null,"Xieng-Khouang, Laos","The subspecies of Lophura nycthemera.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4419/","Lophura nycthemera beaulieui"],["1310","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera berliozi","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (west slope of Annamitic Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40E7FB4A",null,null,"Quangtri, 700 met., central Annam.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/167/mode/1up","Gennaeus nycthemerus berliozi"],["1311","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera beli","(Oustalet, 1898)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 4, no.6 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (east slope of Annamitic Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D52F1ECD",null,null,"Between Hue and the mountain range extending north and south. [Quang Tri, Vietnam]","Notice sur une espèce, probablement nouvelle, de Faisan de l'Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137045#page/271/mode/1up","Gennaeus Beli"],["1312","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera annamensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AD2750B",null,null,"Bali region, interior of Annam.","On three new species from Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/437/mode/1up","Gennaeus annamensis"],["1313","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera lewisi","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Cambodia and southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1E2D218",null,null,"Bokor, 800 and 1000 met., southern Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/167/mode/1up","Gennaeus lewisi"],["1314","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura nycthemera engelbachi","Delacour, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1377 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A88C547E",null,null,"Plateau des Bolovens, Laos","The subspecies of Lophura nycthemera.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4419/","Lophura nycthemera engelbachi"],["1315","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura erythrophthalma","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.321","Malayan Crestless Fireback","Malayan Crestless Fireback","Malay Crestless Fireback","2025-0127","Taxon <em>pyronota </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Lophura erythrophthalma</em> (monotypic) based on obvious plumage differences; genetic and more definitive behavioral evidence is desired.","lowland forest of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727411","crefir5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crefir5","avibase-EF966E96",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/353/mode/1up","Phasianus erythrophthalmus"],["1316","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura pyronota","(Gray, 1841)","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.78","Bornean Crestless Fireback","Bornean Crestless Fireback","Bornean Crestless Fireback","2025-0127","Taxon <em>pyronota </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Lophura erythrophthalma</em> (monotypic) based on obvious plumage differences; genetic and more definitive behavioral evidence is desired.","lowland forest of northern Borneo",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727425","crefir6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crefir6","avibase-B600ECBA",null,null,"No locality, but the plate represents the Bornean form.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/98/mode/1up","Aledrophasis pyronotus"],["1317","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura diardi","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.415","Siamese Fireback","Siamese Fireback","Siamese Fireback",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679274","siafir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siafir1","avibase-6805AC5A",null,null,"No locality given = Cochinchina.","Excursion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des ÉCHASSIERS.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/427/mode/1up","Euplocomus diardi"],["1318","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura inornata","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.250","Salvadori's Pheasant","Salvadori's Pheasant","Salvadori's Pheasant",null,null,"humid montane forest of western Sumatra",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45355372","salphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salphe1","avibase-0C6585C7",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/256/mode/1up","Acomus inornatus"],["1319","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura inornata inornata","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central and southern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63178162",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/256/mode/1up","Acomus inornatus"],["1320","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura inornata hoogerwerfi","(Chasen, 1939)","Treubia 17, no.3 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DCC3F62",null,null,"Telaga Meloewak, Atjeh, North Sumatra","Preliminary diagnoses of new Birds from North Sumatra 2","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i2.2564","Houppifer hoogerwerfi"],["1321","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura rufa","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.321","Malayan Crested Fireback","Malayan Crested Fireback","Malay Crested Fireback","2025-0128","Taxon <em>rufa </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Lophura ignita</em> (polytypic) based on obvious plumage differences; genetic and behavioral evidence needed.","Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727445","crefir3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crefir3","avibase-E811C037",null,null,"Sumatra, type from either Benkoelen or Padang.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/353/mode/1up","Phasianus rufus"],["1322","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura ignita","(Shaw, 1798)","The naturalist's miscellany 9, no.6 pl.321,text","Bornean Crested Fireback","Bornean Crested Fireback","Bornean Crested Fireback","2025-0128","Taxon <em>rufa </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Lophura ignita</em> (polytypic) based on obvious plumage differences; genetic and behavioral evidence needed.","lowland and hill forest (including logged forest) of Bangka (east of south Sumatra) and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727431","crefir4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crefir4","avibase-A2C24EB3",null,null,"Java, error = Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124620#page/135/mode/1up","Phasianus ignitus"],["1323","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura ignita nobilis","(Sclater, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.119 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC007857",null,null,"Borneo","List of the Species of Phasianidae, with Remarks on their Geographical Distribution.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/173/mode/1up","Euplocamus nobilis"],["1324","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Lophura ignita ignita","(Shaw, 1798)","The naturalist's miscellany 9, no.6 pl.321,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (except for the north) and Bangka (off southeastern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAB55C52",null,null,"Java, error = Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124620#page/135/mode/1up","Phasianus ignitus"],["1325","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Argusianus","Rafinesque, 1815","Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés p.219",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Argus giganteus [Temminck, 1813]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188066#page/229/mode/1up","Argusianus"],["1326","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Argusianus argus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.272","Great Argus","Great Argus","Great Argus",null,null,"humid lowland forest, riverine forest, peat swamps, and white-sand heath forest in the Malayan Peninsula, from far southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725006","grearg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grearg1","avibase-F9F6A725",null,null,"'Tartaria Chinensi,' error = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/276/mode/1up","Phasianus Argus"],["1327","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Argusianus argus grayi","(Elliot, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.4 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BAD004F",null,null,"Borneo.","On a supposed New Species of Pheasant, of the Genus Argus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/464/mode/1up","Argus grayi"],["1328","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Argusianus argus argus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46FED8CD",null,null,"'Tartaria Chinensi,' error = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/276/mode/1up","Phasianus Argus"],["1329","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rheinardia","Maingonnat, 1882","La Science pour tous: sur la vulgarisation scientifique en France de 1850 a 1914 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Argus ocellatus [Bonaparte]; type by monotypy = Argus ocellatus Elliot, 1871",null,null,null,"Rheinardia"],["1330","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rheinardia ocellata","(Elliot, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.44 p.119","Vietnamese Crested Argus","Vietnamese Crested Argus","Annamite Crested Argus",null,null,"mountains of central Vietnam and eastern Laos",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200035703","crearg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crearg1","avibase-376C01A5",null,null,"No type locality","XVI. Description of an apparently new Species of Pheasant belonging to the genus Argus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/133/mode/1up","Argus ocellatus"],["1331","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Rheinardia nigrescens","(Rothschild, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.55","Malaysian Crested Argus","Malaysian Crested Argus","Malaysian Crested Argus",null,null,"mountains of central Malayan Peninsula (Taman Negara National Park)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200032742","crearg3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crearg3","avibase-6949F1AE",null,null,"Ulu Pahang, Malay Peninsula.","[Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Rheinardius ocellatus].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/313/mode/1up","Rheinardius ocellatus nigrescens"],["1332","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Afropavo","Chapin, 1936","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 29 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Afropavo congensis [Chapin, 1936]; type by monotypy",null,"A new Peacock-like Bird from the Belgian Congo.",null,"Afropavo"],["1333","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Afropavo congensis","Chapin, 1936","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 29 p.2","Congo Peafowl","Congo Peacock","Congo Peafowl",null,null,"local in humid forest of central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679430","conpea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/conpea1","avibase-E9125492",null,null,"Belgian Congo, possibly the vicinity of the Upper Kukenie River","A new Peacock-like Bird from the Belgian Congo.",null,"Afropavo congensis"],["1334","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pavo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pavo cristatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/175/mode/1up","Pavo"],["1335","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pavo cristatus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156","Indian Peafowl","Indian Peafowl","Indian Peafowl",null,null,"forest and scrub of eastern Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka; introduced locally almost worldwide",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679435","compea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compea","avibase-A8C34DC9",null,null,"'India orientali, Zeylona' = India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/175/mode/1up","Pavo cristatus"],["1336","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pavo muticus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.268","Green Peafowl","Green Peafowl","Green Peafowl",null,null,"native range fragmented and local in lowland to montane open woodland, savanna and highland grassland, and shrubby monsoon forest edge, from southern China (southern Yunnan) and northwestern Myanmar southward to Isthmus of Kra, and eastward to Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia, and very locally on Java (Indonesia); probably extirpated in northeastern India, southern China (except in Yunnan), Bangladesh, Thailand, and peninsular Malaysia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679440","grepea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grepea1","avibase-990B9171",null,null,"Japan, error = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/272/mode/1up","Pavo muticus"],["1337","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pavo muticus spicifer","Shaw, 1804","The naturalist's miscellany 16, no.2 pl.641",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in northwestern Myanmar; at least formerly northeastern India and southeastern Bangladesh, no recent documented records",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54F4BBC6",null,null,"No type locality in original description. Image shared by an Indian artist. [=India, Following Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 2: 126.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125377#page/33/mode/1up","Pavo spicifer"],["1338","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pavo muticus imperator","Delacour, 1949","Ibis vol.91, no.2 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (except northwestern) to Thailand, southern Yunnan (southwestern China), Cambodia, southern Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-872DDC21",null,null,"Plateau des Bolovens, Laos","A new Subspecies of Pavo muticus.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1949.tb02274.x","Pavo muticus imperator"],["1339","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pavo muticus muticus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Java; formerly Malayan Peninsula, where extirpated and reintroduction efforts failed",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-177A9B13",null,null,"Japan, error = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/272/mode/1up","Pavo muticus"],["1340","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix","Blyth, 1859","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.415",null,null,null,"2025-0126","The genus <em>Tropicoperdix </em>is recognized for <em>chloropus</em>, <em>charltonii</em>, and <em>graydoni </em>following Chen et al. (2015). Sometimes placed in <em>Arborophila</em>, multilocus DNA data support their placement in a separate genus, thus highlighting an extraordinary case of parallelism.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tropicoperdix chloropus [Blyth]; type by subsequent designation (Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 205.)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/427/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix"],["1341","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus","Blyth, 1859","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.415","Green-legged Partridge","Scaly-breasted Partridge",null,"2025-0119","Taxon <em>graydoni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Arborophila charltonii</em> (polytypic) based on its distinctive facial pattern and bare parts color (Eaton et al. 2021). Taxon <em>tonkinensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of<em> Arborophila chloropus </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence; further research needed.","widespread across Indochina, across most of Thailand, except the Peninsula, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, as well as in northern, central, and southern Myanmar, and locally to southwest China, in Yunnan",null,null,null,"scbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbpar1","avibase-21008A51",null,null,"Mountainous interior of Tenasserim =Muleyit.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/427/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix chloropus"],["1342","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus chloropus","Blyth, 1859","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern China (Yunnan) to Myanmar and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F79EEE79",null,null,"Mountainous interior of Tenasserim =Muleyit.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/427/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix chloropus"],["1343","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus cognacqi","Delacour & Jabouille, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F23BB4F3",null,null,"Saigon, French Indo-China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/57/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix cognacqi"],["1344","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus merlini","Delacour & Jabouille, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DDD7D41",null,null,"Mailanh, Quangtri, Annam.","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/56/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix merlini"],["1345","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus vivida","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal hills of central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8407012",null,null,"Col des Nuages, Annam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/43/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix merlini vivida"],["1346","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus peninsularis","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1941)","Notulae Naturae no.82 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DAD605F",null,null,"Ban Thung Luang, SW Siam [=Thailand], 12 40'N, 99 50' E","A new subspecies of Arborophila.",null,"Arborophila chloropus peninsularis"],["1347","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus olivacea","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Laos and Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAFAF0C1",null,null,"Napé, 800 met., Laos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/169/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix chloropus olivacea"],["1348","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix chloropus tonkinensis","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C14B276F",null,null,"Backan, northeastern Tonkin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/192/mode/1up","Tropicoperdix charltoni tonkinensis"],["1349","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix graydoni","(Sharpe & Chubb, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.133","Sabah Partridge","Sabah Partridge","Sabah Partridge","2025-0119","Taxon <em>graydoni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Arborophila charltonii</em> (polytypic) based on its distinctive facial pattern and bare parts color (Eaton et al. 2021). Taxon <em>tonkinensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of<em> Arborophila chloropus </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence; further research needed.","northern Borneo (Sabah)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727389","chnpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chnpar3","avibase-5DE04CDE",null,null,"Sandakan, northeastern Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/153/mode/1up","Arboricola graydoni"],["1350","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix charltonii","(Eyton, 1845)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.16, no.105 p.230","Chestnut-necklaced Partridge","Chestnut-necklaced Partridge","Chestnut-necklaced Partridge","2025-0119","Taxon <em>graydoni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Arborophila charltonii</em> (polytypic) based on its distinctive facial pattern and bare parts color (Eaton et al. 2021). Taxon <em>tonkinensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of<em> Arborophila chloropus </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence; further research needed.","disjunctly in the northern Malayan Peninsula, northern Sumatra, and southern Sumatra, from where there is just one old record; on the Malayan Peninsula, it occurs southward to northern Pahang, and north to southernmost Thailand (where the species is now very rare); on Sumatra, known only from the far north, around Aceh, Lampung, and Telukbetung",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727395","chnpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chnpar1","avibase-E9C99FD7",null,null,"Malacca.","XXIV. Descriptions of some apparently new species of Birds from Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19483#page/260/mode/1up","Perdix Charltonii"],["1351","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix charltonii charltonii","(Eyton, 1845)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.16, no.105 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand to southern Myanmar and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD11603",null,null,"Malacca.","XXIV. Descriptions of some apparently new species of Birds from Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19483#page/260/mode/1up","Perdix Charltonii"],["1352","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tropicoperdix charltonii atjenensis","(Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.320 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sumatra (Aceh Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E795A0B4",null,null,"Kuala Simpang (1000 feet), Atjeh, N. Sumatra","Zoological results from the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Pt. I. Birds from Atjeh.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064293","Arborophila charltonii atjenensis"],["1353","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Haematortyx","Sharpe, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.11 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Haematortyx sanguiniceps [Sharpe, 1879]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/310/mode/1up","Haematortyx"],["1354","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Haematortyx sanguiniceps","Sharpe, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.11 p.266","Crimson-headed Partridge","Crimson-headed Partridge","Crimson-headed Partridge",null,null,"montane forest of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679103","crhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crhpar1","avibase-53F470C0",null,null,"Lawas River, Borneo.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part IV. On the Birds of the Province of Lumbidan, North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/310/mode/1up","Haematortyx sanguiniceps"],["1355","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Galloperdix","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.936",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tetrao spadiceus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/482/mode/1up","Galloperdix"],["1356","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Galloperdix spadicea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.759","Red Spurfowl","Red Spurfowl","Red Spurfowl",null,null,"lowland to submontane hilly deciduous scrub, Lantana thickets, and scrubby bamboo in India, from southern Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh southward to Kerala and Tamil Nadu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679131","redspu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redspu1","avibase-730665C1",null,null,"Madagascar, ex Sonnerat, error = India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/260/mode/1up","Tetrao spadiceus"],["1357","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Galloperdix spadicea spadicea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.759",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Uttar Pradesh and adjacent western Nepal southward to southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C5E81CD",null,null,"Madagascar, ex Sonnerat, error = India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/260/mode/1up","Tetrao spadiceus"],["1358","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Galloperdix spadicea caurina","Blanford, 1898","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 4 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Aravalli Hills of southern Rajasthan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F68FE11",null,null,"Mt. Abu, in southern Rajputana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67410#page/133/mode/1up","Galloperdix spadicea var. caurina"],["1359","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Galloperdix spadicea stewarti","Stuart Baker, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (Kerala coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C371DADB",null,null,"Aneichardi, Travancore.","Descriptions of races of Galloperdix spadicea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/286/mode/1up","Galloperdix spadicea stewarti"],["1360","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Galloperdix lunulata","(Valenciennes, 1825)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 38 p.446","Painted Spurfowl","Painted Spurfowl","Painted Spurfowl",null,null,"semiarid steppes of Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679134","paispu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paispu1","avibase-3A5DB01C",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81568#page/452/mode/1up","Perdix lunulata"],["1361","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Galloperdix bicalcarata","(Forster, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.25 pl.14","Sri Lanka Spurfowl","Sri Lanka Spurfowl","Sri Lanka Spurfowl",null,null,"humid forest of southern Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679137","ceyspu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceyspu1","avibase-1C615F42",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ178506502","Perdix bicalcarata"],["1362","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron","Temminck, 1807","Catalogue systématique du cabinet d'ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes de Crd. Jb. Temminck p.149",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Polyplectron chinquis [Temminck, 1813]; type by monotypy = Pavo bicalcaratus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Polyplectron"],["1363","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron napoleonis","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux add. p.650","Palawan Peacock-Pheasant","Palawan Peacock-Pheasant","Palawan Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"humid forest of Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679398","palpep1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palpep1","avibase-A71A69A5",null,null,"Inde [=India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/688/mode/1up","Polyplectrum napoleonis"],["1364","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron malacense","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93","Malayan Peacock-Pheasant","Malayan Peacock-Pheasant","Malay Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679385","mapphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mapphe1","avibase-DBFC1B0C",null,null,"East Indies = Malacca.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Pavo malacensis"],["1365","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron schleiermacheri","Brüggemann, 1877","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.461 pl.9","Bornean Peacock-Pheasant","Bornean Peacock-Pheasant","Bornean Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"lowland primary forest of Borneo",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679393","bopphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bopphe1","avibase-2F560EC7",null,null,"Southeastern Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/244278#page/226/mode/1up","Polyplectron Schleiermacheri"],["1366","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron germaini","Elliot, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.5 p.56","Germain's Peacock-Pheasant","Germain's Peacock-Pheasant","Germain's Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"humid forest of southern Vietnam",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679372","gepphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gepphe1","avibase-9BB6A6B4",null,null,"Cochinchina.","On a New Species of the genus Polyplectron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/78/mode/1up","Polyplectron germaini"],["1367","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron katsumatae","Rothschild, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.111","Hainan Peacock-Pheasant","Hainan Peacock-Pheasant","Hainan Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"very local in forest of southern Hainan (southeastern China)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734897","grypep3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grypep3","avibase-F6DD2F7E",null,null,"Mt. Wuchi, Hainan.","On a new species of Polyplectron from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/137/mode/1up","Polyplectron katsumatae"],["1368","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron bicalcaratum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156","Grey Peacock-Pheasant","Gray Peacock-Pheasant","Grey Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"northeastern India and Bhutan eastward to far southern China, southward to the base of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, central Laos, and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736199","grypep2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grypep2","avibase-824E5471",null,null,"China, error, restricted type locality, Thoungyah, Burma, Lowe, antea, p. 477.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/175/mode/1up","Pavo bicalcaratus"],["1369","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron chalcurum","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.7 p.487","Sumatran Peacock-Pheasant","Sumatran Peacock-Pheasant","Bronze-tailed Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"hill and lower montane forest (including logged forest) of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679361","btpphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btpphe1","avibase-BC793E06",null,null,"Java = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/525/mode/1up","Polyplectrum chalcurum"],["1370","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron chalcurum scutulatum","Chasen, 1941","Treubia 18 suppl. p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3B8C28D",null,null,"Simpang Agoesan, Atjeh, North Sumatra, about 1000 m","The Birds of the Netherlands Indian Mt. Leuser expedition, 1937, to North Sumatra.",null,"Polyplectron chalcurum scutulatum"],["1371","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron chalcurum chalcurum","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.7 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of west-central and southwestern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9CEF38F",null,null,"Java = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/525/mode/1up","Polyplectrum chalcurum"],["1372","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Polyplectron inopinatum","(Rothschild, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.41","Mountain Peacock-Pheasant","Mountain Peacock-Pheasant","Mountain Peacock-Pheasant",null,null,"montane forest of Malayan Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679365","mopphe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mopphe1","avibase-B79C272A",null,null,"Ulu Pahang, Malay Peninsula.","Descriptions of two new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/413/mode/1up","Chalcurus inopinatus"],["1373","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bambusicola","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Perdix thoracica [Temminck, 1815]; type by subsequent designation (Ogilvie-Grant, 1893, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 22, p. 257).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/339/mode/1up","Bambusicola"],["1374","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bambusicola fytchii","Anderson, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.214 pl.11","Mountain Bamboo Partridge","Mountain Bamboo-Partridge","Mountain Bamboo-partridge",null,null,"foothill to montane tall grassland, open scrub forest, thickets, and bamboo, from northeastern India and eastern Bangladesh eastward through south-central China (Sichuan and Yunnan), Myanmar, and southward to northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679114","mobpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mobpar1","avibase-A070B7F4",null,null,"Ponsee, 3000 ft., Yunnan.","On eight new Species of Birds from Western Yunan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/262/mode/1up","Bambusicola fytchii"],["1375","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bambusicola fytchii fytchii","Anderson, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.214 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Sichuan and Yunnan) to Myanmar and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28D73E76",null,null,"Ponsee, 3000 ft., Yunnan.","On eight new Species of Birds from Western Yunan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/262/mode/1up","Bambusicola fytchii"],["1376","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bambusicola fytchii hopkinsoni","Godwin-Austen, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Bangladesh and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A39F563",null,null,"Khasia Hills, Assam.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/92/mode/1up","Bambusicola hopkinsoni"],["1377","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bambusicola thoracicus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.335,723","Chinese Bamboo Partridge","Chinese Bamboo-Partridge","Chinese Bamboo-partridge",null,null,"varied habitats and elevations of central and southeastern China; introduced Honshu to Kyushu (central to southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725191","chbpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbpar3","avibase-59ECAD9D",null,null,"India, error = China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/349/mode/1up","Perdix thoracica"],["1378","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Bambusicola sonorivox","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.285","Taiwan Bamboo Partridge","Taiwan Bamboo-Partridge","Taiwan Bamboo-partridge",null,null,"bamboo thickets and bushy areas in hills of Taiwan; introduced northern Kyushu (southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725205","taibap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taibap1","avibase-FAA56C5A",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/339/mode/1up","Bambusicola sonorivox"],["1379","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.26,166",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Phasianus gallus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/66/mode/1up","Gallus"],["1380","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus varius","(Shaw, 1798)","The naturalist's miscellany 10, no.2 pl.353","Green Junglefowl","Green Junglefowl","Green Junglefowl",null,null,"Java eastward to Alor (central Lesser Sundas); introduced Cocos (Keeling) Islands (northeastern Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679213","grejun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grejun1","avibase-BEA427FB",null,null,"'Probably an Indian bird ' = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124636#page/33/mode/1up","Phasianus varius"],["1381","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus gallus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158","Red Junglefowl","Red Junglefowl","Red Junglefowl",null,null,"native range fragmented in lowland to lower montane open woodland, moist forest, and mangroves, from northeastern India eastward across Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan), and southward through eastern India and southeastern Asia to Vietnam, the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Bali. Feral junglefowl widespread throughout native range, and likely introduced to Philippines, Sulawesi, and parts of the Lesser Sundas (Indonesia). Feral populations widely introduced away from native range, including Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia; domesticated stock released in open warm habitats globally, including North America, South Africa, New Zealand, and many tropical islands.",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679199","redjun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redjun","avibase-3749777E",null,null,"'India orientali, Pouli condor etc.' Restricted type locality. Island of Pulo Condor, off the mouths of the Mekong.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus Gallus"],["1382","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus gallus murghi","Robinson & Kloss, 1920","Records of the Indian Museum 19 p.14,15",null,null,null,null,null,"Kashmir eastward through Bhutan and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A0384AD",null,null,"Chirala, Gya District, Bihar.","On the proper name of the Red Jungle-Fowl from Peninsular India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41036#page/40/mode/1up","Gallus ferrugineus murghi"],["1383","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus gallus spadiceus","(Bonnaterre, 1792)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.51 p.218, pl.96, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southwestern Yunnan, Malayan Peninsula, and northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-196089DB",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex. Latham Gen. Syn. Birds vol.2, pt.2, 1783, p.766",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/324/mode/1up","Coturnix Spadicea"],["1384","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus gallus jabouillei","Delacour & Kinnear, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam to southern China (southeastern Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hainan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F8A1A6E",null,null,"Backan, northeastern Tonkin.","Note on the Red Jungle-Fowl, with a description of a new race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/85/mode/1up","Gallus gallus jabouillei"],["1385","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus gallus gallus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Indochina to eastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BCD57D4",null,null,"'India orientali, Pouli condor etc.' Restricted type locality. Island of Pulo Condor, off the mouths of the Mekong.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/177/mode/1up","Phasianus Gallus"],["1386","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus gallus bankiva","Temminck, 1813","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 2 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F9C3DBF",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131328#page/97/mode/1up","Gallus Bankiva"],["1387","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus sonneratii","Temminck, 1813","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 2 p.246","Grey Junglefowl","Gray Junglefowl","Grey Junglefowl",null,null,"Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679203","grejun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grejun2","avibase-444C1F4D",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131328#page/256/mode/1up","Gallus Sonneratii"],["1388","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Gallus lafayettii","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.7 p.491","Sri Lanka Junglefowl","Sri Lanka Junglefowl","Sri Lanka Junglefowl",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679209","ceyjun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceyjun1","avibase-E91A2FA8",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/529/mode/1up","Gallus Lafayetii"],["1389","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Peliperdix","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.882",null,null,null,"2025-0132","The genera <em>Peliperdix, Ortygornis, Francolinus</em>, and <em>Campocolinus </em>are here recognized based on a combination of genetic, vocal, and morphological data (Cai et al. 2017; Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019; Crowe et al. 2020; Kimball et al. 2021). As the position of monospecific <em>Peliperdix </em>is poorly resolved, future revisions may be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Francolinus lathami [Hartlaub, 1854]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/892/mode/1up","Peliperdix"],["1390","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Peliperdix lathami","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.9 p.210","Latham's Francolin","Latham's Francolin","Forest Francolin",null,null,"lowland and hill forest including gallery forest, from eastern Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678748","forfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forfra2","avibase-E11585DB",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/846/mode/1up","Francolinus Lathami"],["1391","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Peliperdix lathami lathami","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.9 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Gabon, northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53CD73CF",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/846/mode/1up","Francolinus Lathami"],["1392","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Peliperdix lathami schubotzi","(Reichenow, 1912)","Journal für Ornithologie 60, no.2 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"western Democratic Republic of the Congo to far southwestern Sudan, western Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81EA19E7",null,null,"Angu, Uelle River.","Neue Arten aus dem Uelle-Gebiet in Mittel-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43502#page/344/mode/1up","Francolinus lathami schubotzi"],["1393","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus","Crowe, Mandiwana-Neudani, Donsker et al., 2020","Ostrich 91(2) p.2",null,null,null,"2025-0132","The genera <em>Peliperdix, Ortygornis, Francolinus</em>, and <em>Campocolinus </em>are here recognized based on a combination of genetic, vocal, and morphological data (Cai et al. 2017; Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019; Crowe et al. 2020; Kimball et al. 2021). As the position of monospecific <em>Peliperdix </em>is poorly resolved, future revisions may be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Perdix coqui A. Smith, 1836",null,"Resolving nomenclatural ‘confusion’ vis-à-vis Latham’s Francolin ( Francolinus/Peliperdix/Afrocolinus lathami ) and the ‘Red-tailed’ francolins ( Francolinus/Ortygornis/Peliperdix spp.)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341328197","Campocolinus"],["1394","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus coqui","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.55","Coqui Francolin","Coqui Francolin","Coqui Francolin",null,null,"grassland and woodland of lowlands and hills in Sahel, East Africa, and south-central to southern Africa, from southern Mauritania eastward to southern Nigeria and southward to Angola; central Ethiopia through eastern Africa southward to eastern and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, thence west to northern Namibia and southeastward to KwaZulu-Natal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678736","coqfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coqfra2","avibase-ECD7C1D8",null,null,"Near Kurrichane, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/135/mode/1up","Perdix Coqui"],["1395","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus coqui spinetorum","(Bates, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania to Nigeria and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87AE4C7E",null,null,"Seventy miles southwest of Say [on the Niger], Haute Volta.","Description of four new species of West African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/69/mode/1up","Francolinus coqui spinetorum"],["1396","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus coqui maharao","(Sclater, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to southern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B943153",null,null,"Dugata Sasabin, 4000 ft., Arussi Galla country, southern Ethiopia.","Exhibition and description of two new Francolins from Southern Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/87/mode/1up","Francolinus coqui maharao"],["1397","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus coqui hubbardi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Kenya to central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C66BF702",null,null,"Nassa, southeastern shore of Victoria Nyanza.","[Exhibition of some rare Francolins from Nassa, on the south-eastern shore of the Victoria Nyanza, with description of one species new to science].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/253/mode/1up","Francolinus hubbardi"],["1398","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus coqui coqui","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to central and northwestern Tanzania, and southward to northern Namibia, Botswana, and eastern South Africa (southward to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA5A3D19",null,null,"Near Kurrichane, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/135/mode/1up","Perdix Coqui"],["1399","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus schlegelii","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.64 p.275","Schlegel's Francolin","Schlegel's Francolin","Schlegel's Francolin",null,null,"Cameroon, southern Chad, northern Central African Republic, far southwestern Sudan and northwestern South Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678744","schfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schfra2","avibase-CE6D7D2F",null,null,"Bongo River, Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Beobachtungen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/287/mode/1up","Francolinus Schlegelii"],["1400","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus albogularis","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.9 p.210","White-throated Francolin","White-throated Francolin","White-throated Francolin",null,null,"scrub and disturbed savanna of lowlands from Senegal eastward to northern Cameroon; disjunctly, local in eastern Angola, northwestern Zambia, and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678740","whtfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtfra2","avibase-0EA1D390",null,null,"Gambia.","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's. (Fortsetzung von S. 97-128.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/846/mode/1up","Francolinus albogularis"],["1401","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus albogularis albogularis","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.9 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D52A3232",null,null,"Gambia.","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's. (Fortsetzung von S. 97-128.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/846/mode/1up","Francolinus albogularis"],["1402","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus albogularis buckleyi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ivory Coast to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2044F9E3",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast.","A short Review of the Francolins belonging to the Genera Francolinus and Pternistes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/73/mode/1up","Francolinus buckleyi"],["1403","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Campocolinus albogularis dewittei","(Chapin, 1937)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 29 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to eastern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C7ADC41",null,null,"Kasiki, Marungu district, Belgian Congo","A new race of Francolinus albogularis from Marungu, Belgian Congo.",null,"Francolinus albogularis dewittei"],["1404","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila","Blyth, 1849","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.250",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Perdix levaillantii [Valenciennes, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Ogilvie-Grant, 1893, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 22, p. 127).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48206#page/290/mode/1up","Scleroptila"],["1405","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila streptophora","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.126","Ring-necked Francolin","Ring-necked Francolin","Ring-necked Francolin",null,null,"southwestern Cameroon; western Uganda to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678756","rinfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinfra2","avibase-5B115F6C",null,null,"Eastern Africa, type from Mount Elgon.","On some new Francolins and a new Hornbill discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/158/mode/1up","Francolinus streptophorus"],["1406","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila levaillantii","(Valenciennes, 1825)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 38 p.441","Red-winged Francolin","Red-winged Francolin","Red-winged Francolin",null,null,"moist and ungrazed grassland of hills and mountains of eastern and southern Africa, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to central Kenya and southward to northwestern Tanzania; disjunctly in southern Tanzania southward to southern Malawi and west to west-central Angola; northeastern South Africa southward to the Cape",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678769","rewfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewfra2","avibase-B49935ED",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81568#page/447/mode/1up","Perdix Levaillantii"],["1407","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila levaillantii kikuyuensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and west-central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8146B03",null,null,"'Kikujoi district' error, the type came from Eldoret, Kenya Colony.","[Description of a new species of Francolin from the Kikuyu district, British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/383/mode/1up","Francolinus kikuyuensis"],["1408","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila levaillantii crawshayi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1896)","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.482 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Nyika Plateau of northeastern Zambia and neighboring northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C07F8B8",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, Nyasaland.","Notes on some Birds from the higher mountains of Nyika, west of Lake Nyasa, British Central Africa, with a description of a new Species of Francolin (Francolinus crawshayi). With Field-Notes by Richard Crawshay.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/540/mode/1up","Francolinus crawshayi"],["1409","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila levaillantii levaillantii","(Valenciennes, 1825)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 38 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DFF9203",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81568#page/447/mode/1up","Perdix Levaillantii"],["1410","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila finschi","(Bocage, 1881)","Ornithologie d'Angola pt2 p.406","Finsch's Francolin","Finsch's Francolin","Finsch's Francolin",null,null,"patchily distributed in Congo, southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and central Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678760","finfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/finfra2","avibase-864723FD",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.",null,null,"Francolinus Finschi"],["1411","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila psilolaema","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.50","Moorland Francolin","Moorland Francolin","Moorland Francolin","2025-0122","Taxon <em>elgonensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Scleroptila psilolaema</em> (monotypic) based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics (Hunter et al. 2019; Turner et al. 2020).","montane moorlands of central and southern Ethiopia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727339","moofra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moofra2","avibase-FF5BAE30",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/58/mode/1up","Francolinus psilolaemus"],["1412","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila elgonensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.126","Elgon Francolin","Elgon Francolin","Elgon Francolin","2025-0122","Taxon <em>elgonensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Scleroptila psilolaema</em> (monotypic) based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics (Hunter et al. 2019; Turner et al. 2020).","montane moorlands of eastern Uganda to central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727349","moofra3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moofra3","avibase-3D25568A",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","On some new Francolins and a new Hornbill discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/158/mode/1up","Francolinus elgonensis"],["1413","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila afra","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.648","Grey-winged Francolin","Gray-winged Francolin","Grey-winged Francolin",null,null,"grassland of Lesotho and west-central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678764","gywfra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gywfra1","avibase-21616639",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/188/mode/1up","Perdix afra"],["1414","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila gutturalis","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.13","Orange River Francolin","Orange River Francolin","Orange River Francolin",null,null,"grassland and scrub to mountains of northeastern and southern Africa, from Eritrea and northern Somalia through South Sudan to northern Uganda and northern Kenya; disjunctly from coastal central Angola and northern Namibia eastward to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678790","orrfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orrfra2","avibase-8E833C63",null,null,"Halai, Axum, Temben in Tigre, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/93/mode/1up","Perdix gutturalis"],["1415","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila gutturalis gutturalis","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C707A139",null,null,"Halai, Axum, Temben in Tigre, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/93/mode/1up","Perdix gutturalis"],["1416","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila gutturalis archeri","(Sclater, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia, southeastern Sudan, northern Uganda, and northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B2424A2",null,null,"Mt. Daro, 7000 feet, east of Harar, Ethiopia.","Exhibition and description of two new Francolins from Southern Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/87/mode/1up","Francolinus africanus archeri"],["1417","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila gutturalis lorti","(Sharpe, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E389F4A9",null,null,"Wagga Mountains, 9000 ft., Somaliland.","[Description of a new species of Francolin from the Wagga Mountains in Somaliland].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/407/mode/1up","Francolinus lorti"],["1418","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila gutturalis jugularis","(Büttikofer, 1889)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 11 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Kalahari Desert of northern Namibia to southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B58C0C7",null,null,"Gambos, Angola.","On a collection of birds from South Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37330#page/88/mode/1up","Francolinus jugularis"],["1419","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila gutturalis pallidior","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2E6566A",null,null,"South of the Cunene River, i.e., South-West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/71/mode/1up","Francolinus jugularis pallidior"],["1420","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila gutturalis levalliantoides","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Namibia and southern Botswana to central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ABE0029",null,null,"Middelburg, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/135/mode/1up","Perdix levalliantoides"],["1421","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila whytei","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.76","Whyte's Francolin","Whyte's Francolin","Whyte's Francolin","2025-0123","Taxon <em>whytei </em>is split from <em>Scleroptila shelleyi</em> based on plumage and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data (Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019) indicate species-level divergence between these taxa but intra-generic relationships remain poorly resolved (Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019; Kimball et al. 2021).","southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northern Zambia and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728215","shefra3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shefra3","avibase-AE1B3497",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, 7000-8000 ft., Nyasaland.","Description of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/102/mode/1up","Francolinus whytei"],["1422","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila shelleyi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1890)","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.7 p.348","Shelley's Francolin","Shelley's Francolin","Shelley's Francolin","2025-0123","Taxon <em>whytei </em>is split from <em>Scleroptila shelleyi</em> based on plumage and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data (Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019) indicate species-level divergence between these taxa but intra-generic relationships remain poorly resolved (Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019; Kimball et al. 2021).","southern Uganda and southwestern Kenya to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728223","shefra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shefra1","avibase-A15F6836",null,null,"Natal; Swaziland; Matabeleland; type from the Umvuli River, Matabeleland.","On some new and rare Francolins.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/376/mode/1up","Francolinus shelleyi"],["1423","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila shelleyi uluensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B70E3C59",null,null,"Machakos, Kenya Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/76/mode/1up","Francolinus uluensis"],["1424","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila shelleyi macarthuri","(Van Someren, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59, no.416 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Chyulu Hills (southeastern Kenya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02393134",null,null,"Chyulu Camp, Chyulu Hills, 6500 ft. SE Kenya colony","A new race of Grey-wing Francolin from Kenya Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/37/mode/1up","Francolinus africanus macarthuri"],["1425","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Scleroptila shelleyi shelleyi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1890)","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.7 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uganda and central Tanzania to western Mozambique and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76A3AA67",null,null,"Natal; Swaziland; Matabeleland; type from the Umvuli River, Matabeleland.","On some new and rare Francolins.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/376/mode/1up","Francolinus shelleyi"],["1426","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xxviii.",null,null,null,"2025-0132","The genera <em>Peliperdix, Ortygornis, Francolinus</em>, and <em>Campocolinus </em>are here recognized based on a combination of genetic, vocal, and morphological data (Cai et al. 2017; Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019; Crowe et al. 2020; Kimball et al. 2021). As the position of monospecific <em>Peliperdix </em>is poorly resolved, future revisions may be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao pondicerianus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/96/mode/1up","Ortygornis"],["1427","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis sephaena","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.55","Crested Francolin","Crested Francolin","Crested Francolin",null,null,"scrub of lowlands to hills from South Sudan and northern Ethiopia eastward to Somalia, southwest to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestward to southern Angola and northern Namibia, and to KwaZulu-Natal in southeast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678752","crefra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crefra2","avibase-8004C7E5",null,null,"Marikwa [= Marico] River and Limpopo River, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/135/mode/1up","Perdix Sephaena"],["1428","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis sephaena grantii","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.665 pl.39 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan and western Ethiopia to north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-375F5B91",null,null,"Unyamwezi country, Tanganyika Territory.","On a New Species of Francolin discovered by Messrs. Speke and Grant in Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/769/mode/1up","Francolinus grantii"],["1429","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis sephaena rovuma","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Kenya and Tanzania to northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66EC1A85",null,null,"Rovuma River, East Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/60/mode/1up","Francolinus rovuma"],["1430","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis sephaena spilogaster","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.541",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia to Somalia and northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84738A0C",null,null,"Harar, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/547/mode/1up","Francolinus spilogaster"],["1431","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis sephaena zambesiae","(Mackworth-Praed, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mozambique to northwestern Namibia and southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46C12501",null,null,"Mesanangue, 70 mi. above the Tete, on the Zambezi","Descriptions and remarks on five new races of African Francolins.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/408/mode/1up","Francolinus sephaena zambesiae"],["1432","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis sephaena sephaena","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe to southeastern Botswana and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40F62670",null,null,"Marikwa [= Marico] River and Limpopo River, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/135/mode/1up","Perdix Sephaena"],["1433","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis gularis","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.401,731","Swamp Francolin","Swamp Francolin","Swamp Francolin",null,null,"terai floodplains of Ganges and Brahmaputra from north-central India (Uttar Pradesh) and southern Nepal eastward to northeastern India (Assam); formerly also Bangladesh",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678733","swafra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swafra1","avibase-C5401E05",null,null,"Vicinity of Calcutta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/415/mode/1up","Perdix gularis"],["1434","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis pondicerianus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.760","Grey Francolin","Gray Francolin","Grey Francolin",null,null,"grassland and scrub of lowlands and hills from southeastern Iran northward in Indus Valley to northern sub-Himalayan Pakistan and eastward along base of Himalayas to southeastern Nepal and southward to far western Bangladesh, south throughout Peninsular India to northern Sri Lanka; introduced to Hawaiian Islands (Oahu and Hawaii)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678728","gryfra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfra","avibase-B1C204EC",null,null,"Pondicherry, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/261/mode/1up","Tetrao pondicerianus"],["1435","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis pondicerianus mecranensis","(Zarudny & Härms, 1913)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southeastern Iran and southern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88219AB4",null,null,"Valley of the Rud-i-Sarbas River, Persian Baluchistan.","Neue Formen der Frankoline aus Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/69/mode/1up","Francolinus (Ortygornis) pondicerianus mecranensis"],["1436","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis pondicerianus interpositus","(Hartert, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59486CC6",null,null,"Oudh.","Notes on Game-Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/330/mode/1up","Francolinus pondicerianus interpositus"],["1437","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ortygornis pondicerianus pondicerianus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.760",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C08C4F0D",null,null,"Pondicherry, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/261/mode/1up","Tetrao pondicerianus"],["1438","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus","Stephens, 1819","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 11, pt2 p.316",null,null,null,"2025-0132","The genera <em>Peliperdix, Ortygornis, Francolinus</em>, and <em>Campocolinus </em>are here recognized based on a combination of genetic, vocal, and morphological data (Cai et al. 2017; Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2019; Crowe et al. 2020; Kimball et al. 2021). As the position of monospecific <em>Peliperdix </em>is poorly resolved, future revisions may be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Francolinus vulgaris [Stephens, 1819]; type by tautonymy = Tetrao francolinus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113478#page/90/mode/1up","Francolinus"],["1439","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus pintadeanus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93","Chinese Francolin","Chinese Francolin","Chinese Francolin",null,null,"dry scrub from Manipur and Mizoram (southeastern India) and Myanmar (except north) east through southern Yunnan and northeast to Zhejiang (eastern China); in south to northern Malayan Peninsula and through southeastern Asia; Hainan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678725","chifra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chifra1","avibase-8DC52868",null,null,"China.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Tetrao Pintadeanus"],["1440","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus pintadeanus phayrei","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1011",null,null,null,null,null,"dry scrub of northeastern India to Myanmar and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3EDB32D",null,null,"Arakan.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/535/mode/1up","Perdix Phayrei"],["1441","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus pintadeanus pintadeanus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6057A5D",null,null,"China.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Tetrao Pintadeanus"],["1442","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus pictus","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.3 pl.50, with text","Painted Francolin","Painted Francolin","Painted Francolin",null,null,"grassland and scrub of lowlands to hills of India from Kathiawar Peninsula (Gujarat) and northeast to northern Rajasthan, southeastward to Chattisgarh and southward through Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka; southeastern Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678722","paifra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paifra1","avibase-5B182830",null,null,"near Bangalore, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/335/mode/1up","Perdix picta"],["1443","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus pictus pallidus","(Gray, 1831)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.8 pl.55",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58831DEE",null,null,"Odypore = Udaipur.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/123/mode/1up","Perdix hepburnii var. pallida"],["1444","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus pictus pictus","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.3 pl.50, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99F41560",null,null,"near Bangalore, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/335/mode/1up","Perdix picta"],["1445","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus pictus watsoni","Legge, 1880","A history of the birds of Ceylon 3 p.745 [CWR]",null,null,null,null,null,"Uva Province, in southeastern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E58D6B95",null,null,"Ceylon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113911#page/129/mode/1up","Francolinus pictus watsoni"],["1446","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus francolinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.275","Black Francolin","Black Francolin","Black Francolin",null,null,"scrub and wet grassland of lowlands and hills of Caucasus of Georgia and Azerbaijan, and northwestern Iran, from southern Türkiye, Cyprus, and Iraq to Israel and western Jordan, eastward through southern Iran and Afghanistan to northern sub-Himalayan Pakistan and eastward to western Assam, and southward to central Manipur, northern Bangladesh, and northern Odisha; introduced to Cyprus, United Arab Emirates, Kutch (Gujarat, western India), Guam, and Hawaii (all main islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678719","blkfra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkfra","avibase-50658B22",null,null,"'Italia, Oriente, Africa, Asia.' Restricted type locality, Cyprus ex Edwardsian reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/279/mode/1up","Tetrao Francolinus"],["1447","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus francolinus francolinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye and Cyprus eastward to eastern Transcaucasia and Iran, and southward through Syria to northern Israel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43537138",null,null,"'Italia, Oriente, Africa, Asia.' Restricted type locality, Cyprus ex Edwardsian reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/279/mode/1up","Tetrao Francolinus"],["1448","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus francolinus arabistanicus","Zarudny & Härms, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iraq and western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67E21D6E",null,null,"Sagrossian and Mesopotamian region of Persia.","Neue Formen der Frankoline aus Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/70/mode/1up","Francolinus orientalis arabistanicus"],["1449","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus francolinus bogdanovi","Zarudny, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iran and Afghanistan to southwestern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F827485E",null,null,"Seistan and Baluchistan.","Francolinus orientalis bogdanovi subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/165/mode/1up","Francolinus orientalis bogdanovi"],["1450","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus francolinus henrici","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.882",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Pakistan to western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72FF8032",null,null,"Sind.","Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/892/mode/1up","Francolinus henrici"],["1451","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus francolinus asiae","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.882",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan and northern plains of India (except Kutch), eastward to western Bihar and Odisha, and western and central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77C988DE",null,null,"Asia; restricted to western India by Hartert, antea, p. 1923.","Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/892/mode/1up","Francolinus asiae"],["1452","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Francolinus francolinus melanonotus","Hume, 1888","Stray Feathers 11 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal, northeastern India (Assam and Sikkim to Manipur), Bhutan, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-970F4F83",null,null,"Sylhet, Cachar, Garo and Khasi Hills and the Assam Valley.","The Birds of Manipur, Assam, Sylhet and Cachar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94507#page/323/mode/1up","Francolinus melanonotus"],["1453","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus","Gray, 1832","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2, no.11 pl.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetraogallus nigellii [J.E. Gray, 1832]; type by monotypy = Tetraogallus himalayensis G.R. Gray, 1843",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267511#page/100/mode/1up","Tetraogallus"],["1454","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus tibetanus","Gould, 1854","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.250 p.47","Tibetan Snowcock","Tibetan Snowcock","Tibetan Snowcock",null,null,"alpine and upper montane open slopes, alpine pastures, and stony ridges above tree-line, from the eastern Pamirs in Tajikistan and eastern Kyrgyzstan southeastward across northwestern India, Tibet, to the eastern Himalayas to south-central China, and northward to west-central China (Qinghai, Sichuan, and western Gansu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678667","tibsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibsno1","avibase-509A30B1",null,null,"Tibet, type from Ladak [=Ladakh, India]","Description of a New Species of Tetraogallus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/75/mode/1up","Tetraogallus Tibetanus"],["1455","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus tibetanus tschimenensis","Sushkin, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Kunlun and Altun mountains (northern Tibet, northwestern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AEC50B5",null,null,"Moskovskii Range, Kwen-lun System, 86-88 E. Long, 37 N. Lat, northwestern Tibet.","Description of six new subspecies of Palaearctic Game-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/70/mode/1up","Tetraogallus tibetanus tschimenensis"],["1456","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus tibetanus tibetanus","Gould, 1854","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.250 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Pamir Mountains to western Tibet and Ladakh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5562ECE1",null,null,"Tibet, type from Ladak [=Ladakh, India]","Description of a New Species of Tetraogallus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/75/mode/1up","Tetraogallus Tibetanus"],["1457","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus tibetanus aquilonifer","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Nepal to Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-152BC752",null,null,"Interior of Sikkim.","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Himalayas and Kashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/137/mode/1up","Tetraogallus tibetanus aquilonifer"],["1458","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus tibetanus yunnanensis","Yang & Xu, 1987","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 12 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Yunnan (south-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86AB2A57",null,null,"[Yunnan, China]","A new subspecies of the Tibetan Snowcock - Tetraogallus tibetanus yunnanensis (Galliformes: Phasianidae).",null,"Tetraogallus tibetanus yunnanensis"],["1459","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus tibetanus henrici","Oustalet, 1892","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12 p.296,313",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Tibet to northwestern Sichuan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6AE55E3",null,null,"Tatsienlu, Szechuan.","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/306/mode/1up","Tetraogallus Henrici"],["1460","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus tibetanus przewalskii","Bianchi, 1907","Aves expeditionis P.K. Kozlowi per Mongoliam et Tibetiam orientalem 1899-1901 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern India to west-central China and northwestern Sichuan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6B1952F",null,null,"Eastern Tibet.",null,null,"Tetraogallus tibetanus przewalskii"],["1461","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus altaicus","(Gebler, 1836)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 1, no.4 p.31","Altai Snowcock","Altai Snowcock","Altai Snowcock",null,null,"open alpine habitats to snowline of far northeastern Kazakhstan, southwestern Siberia, northern Xinjiang, and western and central Mongolia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678670","altsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/altsno1","avibase-D9A6E25C",null,null,"Argut River and tributaries, Katun Mountains, Altai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/53/mode/1up","Perdix altaica"],["1462","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus caucasicus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.76","Caucasian Snowcock","Caucasian Snowcock","Caucasian Snowcock",null,null,"rocky high-montane Caucasus of southwestern Russia, northern Georgia, and northern Azerbaijan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678661","causno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/causno1","avibase-1596C37C",null,null,"Rocky heights of the Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/92/mode/1up","Tetrao caucasica"],["1463","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus caspius","(Gmelin, 1784)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 4 p.67, pl.10","Caspian Snowcock","Caspian Snowcock","Caspian Snowcock",null,null,"rocky high-montane central Türkiye through southern Georgia and Azerbaijan to northeastern and south-central Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678664","cassno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cassno1","avibase-039BF484",null,null,"Prov. of Astarabad, northern Persia.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11450088?page=101&q=Tetrao+caspius","Tetrao caspius"],["1464","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus caspius tauricus","Dresser, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.675",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern and eastern Türkiye, southern Georgia, and western Armenia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73F7AE9A",null,null,"Koroskeni, Taurus Mountains, Turkey","Opredelitel' promyslovykh ptits [Identification keys for trading/hunting birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/821/mode/1up","Tetraogallus caspius tauricus"],["1465","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus caspius caspius","(Gmelin, 1784)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 4 p.67, pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Armenia eastward through northern Iran to southwestern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68D87111",null,null,"Prov. of Astarabad, northern Persia.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11450088?page=101&q=Tetrao+caspius","Tetrao caspius"],["1466","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus caspius semenowtianschanskii","Zarudny, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Zagros Mountains (southwestern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5F7CA12",null,null,"Sagrosch [= Zagros] Mountains, Persia.","Tetraogallus caspius semenow-tianschanskii Subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/44/mode/1up","Tetraogallus caspius semenowtianschanskii"],["1467","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus himalayensis","Gray, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.114 p.105","Himalayan Snowcock","Himalayan Snowcock","Himalayan Snowcock",null,null,"alpine and subalpine rocky terrain and alpine meadow, from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and eastern Kazakhstan eastward to western and west-central China, and southward to northern and eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, northwestern India, and western Nepal; introduced to Ruby Mountains, Nevada (USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678673","himsno","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himsno","avibase-AC2DD69D",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/257/mode/1up","Tetraogallus Himalayensis"],["1468","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus himalayensis sauricus","Potapov, 1993","Russkii Ornitologicheskii Zhurnal 2 p.3-5",null,null,null,null,null,"Tarbagatai and Saur mountains (eastern Kazakhstan and western China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F440990F",null,null,"[Saurental Valley, Altai Mountains]","New subspecies of the Himalayan Snowcock, Tetraogallus himalayensis sauricus (sic.) subsp. nova.",null,"Tetraogallus himalayensis sauricus"],["1469","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus himalayensis sewerzowi","Zarudny, 1910","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 1, no.2 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Tien Shan Mountains to northwestern China (eastern Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC94EEA8",null,null,"Semiretschensk.","[Mitteilungen über die Ornithologie von Turkestan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/156/mode/1up","Tetraogallus himalayensis sewerzowi"],["1470","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus himalayensis incognitus","Zarudny, 1911","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 2, no.3-4 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F66A30C",null,null,"Kuljab and Darwas, eastern Bokhara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/844/mode/1up","Tetraogallus himalayensis incognitus"],["1471","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus himalayensis himalayensis","Gray, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.114 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Afghanistan to northwestern India and Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0486A65",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/257/mode/1up","Tetraogallus Himalayensis"],["1472","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus himalayensis grombczewskii","Bianchi, 1898","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 3 p.116,118",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western China (Kunlun Mountains) to northern Tibet and southern Xinjiang",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A91DE4D",null,null,"Western Kwenlun Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120819#page/10/mode/1up","Tetraogallus himalayensis grombczewskii"],["1473","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Tetraogallus himalayensis koslowi","Bianchi, 1898","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 3 p.117,119",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western China (Nam Shan and Ching Hai Ku Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF06EFFF",null,null,"Altyn-tag, Humboldt and South Koko-nor Ranges.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120819#page/11/mode/1up","Tetraogallus himalayensis koslowi"],["1474","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ammoperdix","Gould, 1851","The birds of Asia 7 pt3 pl.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Perdix heyi [Temminck, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Reichenbach, 1853, Das natürliche System der Vögel, p. xxviii).",null,null,null,"Ammoperdix"],["1475","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ammoperdix griseogularis","(Brandt, 1843)","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 1 col.365","See-see Partridge","See-see Partridge","See-see Partridge",null,null,"dry foothills and plateaus of southeastern Türkiye, northern Syria, and (locally) northern Saudi Arabia to southern Armenia, Uzbekistan, southeastern Turkmenistan, southern Tajikistan southward through Iran and Afghanistan (except northeastern), to sub-Himalayan Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678652","sespar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sespar1","avibase-439AFD40",null,null,"Transcaspia and Persia; restricted type locality, Persia, apud Hartert, antea, p. 1916.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173042#page/199/mode/1up","Perdix griseogularis"],["1476","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ammoperdix heyi","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.55, vol.5 pl.328,329","Sand Partridge","Sand Partridge","Sand Partridge",null,null,"rocky areas with scattered vegetation in desert and semi-desert from southernmost Syria and northern Jordan southward to the Sinai Peninsula and across the Arabian Peninsula to southern Oman and southern Yemen, and along the eastern coast of Egypt to northeastern Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678657","sanpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sanpar1","avibase-CD83E49E",null,null,"Desert of Akaba, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/193/mode/1up","Perdix heyi"],["1477","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ammoperdix heyi heyi","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.55, vol.5 pl.328,329",null,null,null,null,null,"Jordan Valley to Sinai Peninsula and western Saudi Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F43AE57",null,null,"Desert of Akaba, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/193/mode/1up","Perdix heyi"],["1478","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ammoperdix heyi nicolli","Hartert, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Egypt east of the Nile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37DBDDCD",null,null,"Wadi Hof, near Cairo, Egypt.","Exhibition of and remarks on specimens of three forms of Ammoperdix heyi, with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/272/mode/1up","Ammoperdix heyi nicolli"],["1479","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ammoperdix heyi cholmleyi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1897","A hand-book to the game-birds 2 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"central Egypt east of the Nile to northern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0E6B5C4",null,null,"Erba Mountains, near Suakin.",null,null,"Ammoperdix cholmleyi"],["1480","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ammoperdix heyi intermedius","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87890CE5",null,null,"Timil, southern Arabia.","Notes on Game-Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/324/mode/1up","Ammoperdix heyi intermedia"],["1481","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus","Gould, 1843","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.12) pl.89, with text",null,null,null,"2025-0121","Genus <em>Synoicus </em>is recognized for <em>chinensis, adansonii, ypsilophorus</em>, and <em>monorthonyx</em>, based on genetics (Hosner et al. 2017; Kimball et al. 2021). Sometimes split as multiple genera, but these taxa form a strongly supported clade based on genomic data (Hosner et al. 2017).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Perdix australis [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/365/mode/1up","Synoicus"],["1482","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus adansonii","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.515","Blue Quail","Blue Quail","African Blue Quail",null,null,"wet grassland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678971","bluqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluqua1","avibase-CAA45AC6",null,null,"Gaboon.","Description d'espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux du Gabon (côte occidentale d'Afrique).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/545/mode/1up","Coturnix Adansonii"],["1483","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus chinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.277","King Quail","Blue-breasted Quail","Asian Blue Quail",null,null,"lowland to lower montane dense and swampy grassland, grassy scrub, and unkempt cultivation, from northern, southern, and eastern India, and Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar islands, eastward to southern China and Taiwan, and southward through southeastern Asia, Philippines, and Indonesia, to New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and northern and eastern Australia; nomadic wandering post-breeding; introduced to Guam (in western Pacific) and Réunion (Mascarenes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678979","blbqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbqua1","avibase-C2579CCB",null,null,"China and the Philippines = Nanking, China, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/281/mode/1up","Tetrao chinensis"],["1484","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus chinensis chinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"India to Sri Lanka, Malayan Peninsula, Indochina, southeastern China, and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E781485",null,null,"China and the Philippines = Nanking, China, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/281/mode/1up","Tetrao chinensis"],["1485","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus chinensis trinkutensis","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5B8BCE3",null,null,"Trinkut Island, Nicobar group.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/342/mode/1up","Excalfactoria trinkutensis"],["1486","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus chinensis lineatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra and Java to Sulawesi, Sula Islands, and Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Sumba, Flores, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C9947E0",null,null,"Luzon, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Oriolus lineatus"],["1487","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus chinensis lepidus","(Hartlaub, 1879)","Sitzungsberichte des Vereins für naturwissenschaftlichen Unterhaltung zu Hamburg 7 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-388C78D7",null,null,"Mioko, Duke of York Island.","Sitzungsb. n° 7,",null,"Excalfactoria lepida"],["1488","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus chinensis victoriae","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F43354AC",null,null,"Victoria, type from Koo Wee Reep.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/203/mode/1up","Excalfactoria chinensis victoriae"],["1489","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus chinensis colletti","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.3 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region of northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A1960F3",null,null,"Glencoe, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/97/mode/1up","Excalfactoria chinensis colletti"],["1490","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus monorthonyx","(van Oort, 1910)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 32 p.212","Snow Mountain Quail","Snow Mountain Quail","Snow Mountain Quail",null,null,"alpine grassland of Snow Mountains (west-central New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678993","snmqua2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snmqua2","avibase-6A668E88",null,null,"Oranje Mts., 3800 met., Dutch New Guinea.","Description of eight new birds collected by Mr. H. A. Lorentz in Southwestern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/230/mode/1up","Anurophasis monorthonyx"],["1491","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus","(Bosc, 1792)","Journal d'Histoire Naturelle 2 p.297 pl.39","Brown Quail","Brown Quail","Brown Quail",null,null,"wet grassland of lowlands and locally high mountains of central and eastern Lesser Sundas, northern and eastern New Guinea, and Australia (except south-central), including Tasmania; introduced to North Island (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678965","broqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broqua1","avibase-0CB2A17A",null,null,"No locality = Tasmania apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34575#page/333/mode/1up","Coturnix ypsilophorus"],["1492","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus raaltenii","(Müller, 1842)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Flores, Timor, and adjacent islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E7C2F5A",null,null,"Pritti, Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/174/mode/1up","Perdix Raaltenii"],["1493","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus pallidior","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.2 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumba and Sawu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF9F28B7",null,null,"Savu Island (between Roti and Sumba)","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett on the Island of Savu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/295/mode/1up","Synoicus raalteni pallidior"],["1494","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus saturatior","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4594EF4E",null,null,"Ifar [or Ifaar], Sentani Lake, Dutch New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/145/mode/1up","Synoicus ypsilophorus saturatior"],["1495","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus dogwa","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49DCAE70",null,null,"Dogwa, Oriomo River, Western Division, Territory of Papua; February 16, 1934; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Synoicus ypsilophorus dogwa"],["1496","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus plumbeus","(Salvadori, 1895)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52FE40A4",null,null,"Vakena Mts., S.E. New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/164/mode/1up","Synoecus plumbeus"],["1497","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus monticola","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"alpine grassland of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AE80ACE",null,null,"Mt. Albert Edward, southwest slope, alt. 3680 meters, Territory of Papua; June 23, 1933; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Synoicus ypsilophorus monticola"],["1498","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus mafulu","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern slopes of mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-344B7229",null,null,"Mafulu, Central Division, Territory of Papua; October 19, 1933; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Synoicus ypsilophorus mafulu"],["1499","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus australis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxii",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern, northern, and eastern Australia; introduced to northern North Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F038F6EB",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/68/mode/1up","Perdix australis"],["1500","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Synoicus ypsilophorus ypsilophorus","(Bosc, 1792)","Journal d'Histoire Naturelle 2 p.297 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8718E9B",null,null,"No locality = Tasmania apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34575#page/333/mode/1up","Coturnix ypsilophorus"],["1501","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Margaroperdix","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xxviii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao madagarensis [Scopoli, 1786]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/95/mode/1up","Margaroperdix"],["1502","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Margaroperdix madagarensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93","Madagascar Partridge","Madagascar Partridge","Madagascar Partridge",null,null,"Madagascar; introduced Réunion",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678927","madpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madpar2","avibase-844ABEC0",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Tetrao madagarensis"],["1503","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix","de Garsault, 1764","Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en médecine, décrits dans la Matière Médicale de Mr. Geoffroy médicin, dessinés d'après nature 5 pl.686",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tetrao Coturnix [Linnaeus, 1758]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104875#page/97/mode/1up","Coturnix"],["1504","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix japonica","Temminck & Schlegel, 1849","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.103, pl.61","Japanese Quail","Japanese Quail","Japanese Quail",null,null,"breeds in eastern Asia, from northern Mongolia northeastward through Baikal region to Vitim region of east-central Russia, eastward to Sakhalin, and southward to Japan (to central Honshu), Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China (eastern Shandong); also (presumably) in Bhutan and Myanmar; winters southward from central Japan and central China westward through northwestern Thailand and northern Myanmar to Bhutan and Assam, with small numbers as far northward as Buryatia and Ussuriland (Russia) in mild winters; introduced to Hawaiian Islands (Kauai and Hawaii, where now rare)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678949","japqua","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japqua","avibase-110CF425",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/113/mode/1up","Coturnix vulgaris japonica"],["1505","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix coturnix","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.161","Common Quail","Common Quail","Common Quail",null,null,"breeds Europe (including Atlantic islands) eastward to Mongolia and Bhutan, and southward to southern Africa, the Comoros, and Madagascar; northern populations migrate to Sahel zone; introduced Mauritius and Réunion (Mascarenes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678944","comqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comqua1","avibase-CAFE345D",null,null,"Europe, Asia, Africa. Restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/180/mode/1up","Tetrao Coturnix"],["1506","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix coturnix coturnix","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe (including Madeira) eastward to Mongolia and southward to northern Africa and northern plains of India and southernmost Bhutan; migrates to Sahel zone",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4661B797",null,null,"Europe, Asia, Africa. Restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/180/mode/1up","Tetrao Coturnix"],["1507","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix coturnix conturbans","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"resident Azores",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-913FB863",null,null,"San Pedro, Santa Maria, Azores.","On the forms of Coturnix coturnix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/479/mode/1up","Coturnix coturnix conturbans"],["1508","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix coturnix inopinata","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"resident Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89CF2FBE",null,null,"São Nicolao, Cape Verde Islands.","On the forms of Coturnix coturnix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/478/mode/1up","Coturnix coturnix inopinata"],["1509","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix coturnix africana","Temminck & Schlegel, 1849","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Africa, Comoros, and Madagascar; introduced to Mauritius and Réunion (Mascarenes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48B85E72",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/113/mode/1up","Coturnix vulgaris africana"],["1510","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix coturnix erlangeri","Zedlitz, 1912","Journal für Ornithologie 60, no.3 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"largely resident, northeastern to southeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94176F43",null,null,"Cunni, near Harar, Ethiopia.","Von Suez zum Sankt Katharinen-Kloster. (Ein ornithologisher Streifzug).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43502#page/370/mode/1up","Coturnix coturnix erlangeri"],["1511","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix coromandelica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.764","Rain Quail","Rain Quail","Rain Quail",null,null,"Pakistan to Myanmar and western Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678958","raiqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/raiqua1","avibase-A6F042E2",null,null,"Coromandel Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/265/mode/1up","Tetrao coromandelicus"],["1512","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix delegorguei","Delegorgue, 1847","Voyage dans l'Afrique australe notamment dans le territoire de Natal dans celui des Cafres (etc.) 2 p.615","Harlequin Quail","Harlequin Quail","Harlequin Quail",null,null,"patchy in grassland and lightly wooded savanna in sub-Saharan Africa from Chad, Cameroon and São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to Ethiopia, thence southward to Angola and northern Namibia to eastern South Africa (avoiding rainforest and arid southwestern Africa), plus southwestern Arabian Peninsula and western Madagascar; movements associated with rain and nomadic, westward to Ivory Coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678961","harqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harqua1","avibase-0CA903BB",null,null,"Oury, upper Limpopo River, Transvaal.",null,"https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:46782685$1250i","Coturnix delegorguei"],["1513","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix delegorguei delegorguei","Delegorgue, 1847","Voyage dans l'Afrique australe notamment dans le territoire de Natal dans celui des Cafres (etc.) 2 p.615",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4948B3C5",null,null,"Oury, upper Limpopo River, Transvaal.",null,"https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:46782685$1250i","Coturnix delegorguei"],["1514","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix delegorguei histrionica","Hartlaub, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-391E0702",null,null,"São Thome Island, Gulf of Guinea.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/531/mode/1up","Coturnix histrionica"],["1515","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix delegorguei arabica","Bannerman, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Arabia; but possibly not a valid taxon, as most records from this region may refer to migrants",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FC9B1FF",null,null,"Lahej, southern Arabia.","Remarks on the Harlequin-Quail, with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/145/mode/1up","Coturnix delegorguei arabica"],["1516","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix novaezelandiae","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.242","New Zealand Quail","New Zealand Quail","New Zealand Quail",null,null,"formerly New Zealand; extinct, last reported 1875","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678955","nezqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezqua1","avibase-48E3A389",null,null,"Bale Chouraki = Hawraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/300/mode/1up","Coturnix Novae-Zelandiae"],["1517","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Coturnix pectoralis","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.29","Stubble Quail","Stubble Quail","Stubble Quail",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania, but not far north (Kimberley region of northern Northern Territory, and Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678952","stuqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stuqua1","avibase-98984CAD",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/125/mode/1up","Coturnix pectoralis"],["1518","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.180,193",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Perdix petrosa [auct. not of Gmelin, JF]; type by monotypy = Perdix barbara Bonnaterre, 1790",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/208/mode/1up","Alectoris"],["1519","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris barbara","(Bonnaterre, 1792)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.51 p.208, pl.94 fig.2","Barbary Partridge","Barbary Partridge","Barbary Partridge",null,null,"open dry rocky lowland to mountains from northern Western Sahara to Libya; also Sardinia (introduced?) and introduced Gibraltar and Canary Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678707","barpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barpar2","avibase-D44B2846",null,null,"No type locality given = Morocco, ex Edwards, pl. 70.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/314/mode/1up","Perdix Barbara"],["1520","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris barbara koenigi","(Reichenow, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Morocco; introduced to southern Spain and Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79914C24",null,null,"Tenerife.","[Caccabis petrosa koenigi n. subsp.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/205/mode/1up","Caccabis petrosa koenigi"],["1521","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris barbara spatzi","(Reichenow, 1895)","Journal für Ornithologie 43, no.2 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Morocco to central Algeria and southern Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0B02C31",null,null,"Southern Tunisia.","[Über einige Vögel von Tunis].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101820#page/120/mode/1up","Caccabis spatzi"],["1522","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris barbara barbara","(Bonnaterre, 1792)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.51 p.208, pl.94 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Morocco and northern Algeria; Sardinia (introduced?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38630B33",null,null,"No type locality given = Morocco, ex Edwards, pl. 70.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/314/mode/1up","Perdix Barbara"],["1523","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris barbara barbata","(Reichenow, 1896)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Libya and northwestern Egypt",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E703420",null,null,"Based on a cage-bird in the Köln Zoological Garden.","Über ein merkwürdiges Steinhuhn.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/92/mode/1up","Caccabis barbata"],["1524","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris melanocephala","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.11 pl.5","Arabian Partridge","Arabian Partridge","Arabian Partridge",null,null,"arid regions of southern Arabian Peninsula to Yemen and Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678714","arapar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arapar1","avibase-083811EB",null,null,"Mountains near Jiddah, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/91/mode/1up","Perdix melanocephala"],["1525","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris rufa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160","Red-legged Partridge","Red-legged Partridge","Red-legged Partridge",null,null,"varied drier open habitats in lowlands to hills from Iberian Peninsula and France through northern Italy and Corsica; introduced to British Isles and from Azores southeast through Canary Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678711","relpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relpar1","avibase-F71E0BE6",null,null,"Southern Europe, restricted type locality, northern Italy, fide Hartert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao rufus"],["1526","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris rufa rufa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"France, northwestern Italy, Elba, and Corsica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-214EDAD8",null,null,"Southern Europe, restricted type locality, northern Italy, fide Hartert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/179/mode/1up","Tetrao rufus"],["1527","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris rufa hispanica","(Seoane, 1894)","Exámen crítico de las perdices de Europa, particularmente de las de España, y descripción de dos nuevas formas de Galicia p.15,21",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53A5E12E",null,null,"Galicia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257864#page/19/mode/1up","Caccabis rufa hispanica"],["1528","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris rufa intercedens","(Brehm, 1857)","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 Heft12 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22213F27",null,null,"Southern Spain.",null,"https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/498","Perdix rubra intercedens"],["1529","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar","(Gray, 1830)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.2 pl.54","Chukar Partridge","Chukar","Chukar",null,null,"open dry often rocky areas of lowlands to high mountains from eastern Greece and southeastern Bulgaria to far southwestern Russia and Türkiye southward through Sinai (eastern Egypt) and northwestern Saudi Arabia, eastward through Iran, and northward through Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia eastward to Liaoning (northeastern China); in south through Afghanistan, Pakistan, and western Himalayas through eastern Nepal; introduced to United Arab Emirates, South Island (New Zealand), Hawaiian Islands (all main islands), and southwestern Canada and western USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678691","chukar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chukar","avibase-87CBEBF7",null,null,"India, no exact locality given but Srinagar, Kumaon accepted as type locality by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1929, p. 136.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/121/mode/1up","Perdix Chukar"],["1530","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar kleini","Hartert, 1925","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.2 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bulgaria and northern Greece through northern Türkiye to the Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA8E948E",null,null,"Island of Skyros, Aegean Sea.","A new form of Chukar Partridge Alectoris graeca kleini.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/165/mode/1up","Alectoris graeca kleini"],["1531","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar cypriotes","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus, and nearby smaller islands, and southwestern and south-central Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8A5F88A",null,null,"Galata, Cyprus.","Notes on Game-Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/320/mode/1up","Alectoris graeca Cypriotes"],["1532","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar kurdestanica","Meinertzhagen, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus Mountains to Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E008436",null,null,"Dohuk, southern Kurdistan.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/564/mode/1up","Alectoris graeca kurdestanicus"],["1533","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar sinaica","(Bonaparte, 1858)","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.31 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Syrian Desert southward to Sinai Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1B0C657",null,null,"No type locality given, but Sinai is meant.","Verzeichniss der Vögel, welche auf einer Reise in Nord-America beobachtet wurden","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/511/mode/1up","Perdix sinaica"],["1534","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar werae","(Zarudny & Loudon, 1904)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Iraq and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3092F2A",null,null,"Highest mountain forests of southern Luristan and northern Arabistan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/257/mode/1up","Caccabis chucar werae"],["1535","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar koroviakovi","(Zarudny, 1914)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 5, no.1 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Iran to Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FCF5909",null,null,"Mountains of Birdjan, eastern Persia, and Persian Baluchistan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/71/mode/1up","Caccabis kakelik koroviakovi"],["1536","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar subpallida","(Zarudny, 1914)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 5, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Tajikistan (Kyzl Kum and Kara Kum mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF6C065B",null,null,"Mountains of the desert of Kyzyl-kum.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/75/mode/1up","Caccabis kakelik subpallidus"],["1537","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar falki","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Afghanistan to Pamirs and western China (western Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-795AC738",null,null,"Near Przevalsk, east of Lake Issik-kul, Russian Turkestan.","Notes on Game-Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/322/mode/1up","Alectoris graeca falki"],["1538","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar dzungarica","Sushkin, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mongolia to Russian Altai and eastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74BF4450",null,null,"Monrak Range, Tarbagatai System [central Asia].","Notes on Alectoris chukar, with descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/60/mode/1up","Alectoris chukar dzungarica"],["1539","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar pallida","(Hume, 1873)","Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"Tarim Basin and Wusun Mountains of western Xinjiang (western China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FACA4A5A",null,null,"Yarkand, type from Karakash River, Hill Yarkand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181337#page/406/mode/1up","Caccabis pallidus"],["1540","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar pallescens","(Hume, 1873)","Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan to Ladakh and western Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-481F6816",null,null,"Karbu, Ladak [=Ladakh, India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181337#page/405/mode/1up","Caccabis pallescens"],["1541","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar chukar","(Gray, 1830)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.2 pl.54",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Afghanistan to eastern Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC16F1D3",null,null,"India, no exact locality given but Srinagar, Kumaon accepted as type locality by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1929, p. 136.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/121/mode/1up","Perdix Chukar"],["1542","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar potanini","Sushkin, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22DAABF5",null,null,"Burgusten-gol, Alashan Range.","Notes on Alectoris chukar, with descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/59/mode/1up","Alectoris chukar potanini"],["1543","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris chukar pubescens","(Swinhoe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,"Inner Mongolia to northwestern Sichuan and eastern Qinghai",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11429F7B",null,null,"North China to the upper Yangtse.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/496/mode/1up","Caccabis chukar var. pubescens"],["1544","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris graeca","(Meisner, 1804)","Systematisches Verzeichniss der Vögel, welche die Schweiz entweder bewohnen, oder theils zu bestimmten, theils zu unbestimmten Zeiten besuchen, und sich auf der Gallerie der Bürger-Bibliothek in Bern ausgestopft befinden. p.41","Rock Partridge","Rock Partridge","Rock Partridge",null,null,"rocky slopes to open woodland of hill and montane central and southeastern Europe, from far southeastern France, Switzerland, and southwestern Austria through Italy, Sicily, Balkans, and Greece eastward to east-central Bulgaria",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678684","rocpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpar2","avibase-44437074",null,null,"Based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 231 = Greece, ex Buffon.",null,null,"Perdix graeca"],["1545","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris graeca saxatilis","(Bechstein, 1805)","Gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte Deutschlands nach allen drey Reichen. Ein Handbuch zur deutlichern und vollständigern Selbstbelehrung besonders für Forstmänner, Jugendlehrer und Oekonomen. Zweyte vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage, rev. ed. 2, pt.1 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,"Alps (France to Austria) and the western Balkans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E324953",null,null,"None given [Germany]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97222#page/503/mode/1up","Perdix saxatilis"],["1546","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris graeca graeca","(Meisner, 1804)","Systematisches Verzeichniss der Vögel, welche die Schweiz entweder bewohnen, oder theils zu bestimmten, theils zu unbestimmten Zeiten besuchen, und sich auf der Gallerie der Bürger-Bibliothek in Bern ausgestopft befinden. p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Balkans (except for western Balkan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D324A8F",null,null,"Based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 231 = Greece, ex Buffon.",null,null,"Perdix graeca"],["1547","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris graeca orlandoi","Priolo, 1984","Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia (2), 54 (1-2) p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy (Apennine Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F807833",null,null,"Spoleto, Umbria","Variabilita in Alectoris graeca e descrizione di A. graeca orlandoi subsp. nova degli Appennini.",null,"Alectoris graeca orlandoi"],["1548","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris graeca whitakeri","Schiebel, 1934","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 30 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sicily",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A274070B",null,null,"West side of Aetna region, Sicilia [Italy]","Alectoris graeca whitakeri subsp. nova. Steinhuhn von Sizilien.",null,"Alectoris graeca whitakeri"],["1549","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris philbyi","Lowe, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55, no.380 p.8","Philby's Partridge","Philby's Partridge","Philby's Partridge",null,null,"rocky desert of southwestern Saudi Arabia and northern Yemen",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678698","phipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phipar1","avibase-123F3941",null,null,"Taif district, near Mecca, Arabia","Exhibition of a new form of the Red-legged Partridge of the A. graeca group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/46/mode/1up","Alectoris philby"],["1550","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris magna","(Przevalski, 1876)","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.127","Przevalski's Partridge","Przevalski's Partridge","Przevalski's Partridge",null,null,"arid montane northern Qinghai and west-central Gansu (north-central China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678703","przpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/przpar1","avibase-CFA35E8A",null,null,"Zaidam, Koko-nor and northern Tibet.",null,null,"Caccabis magna"],["1551","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris magna magna","(Przevalski, 1876)","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaidamu Basin of northern Qinghai (west-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ADD46F8",null,null,"Zaidam, Koko-nor and northern Tibet.",null,null,"Caccabis magna"],["1552","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Alectoris magna lanzhouensis","Liu, Huang & Wen, 2004","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 29 p.601",null,null,null,null,null,"Lanzhou Basin of northeastern Qinghai and central Gansu, and Liupan Mountain, southwestern Ningxia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9770D84",null,null,"[Lanzhou, Gansu Province]","Subspecies divergence of Przewalski’s Rock Partridge (Alectoris magna) description of a new subspecies","http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail/PeriodicalPaper_dwfl200403039","Alectoris magna lanzhouensis"],["1553","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ophrysia","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,null,"(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rollulus superciliosus [J.E. Gray, 1846]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/426/mode/1up","Ophrysia"],["1554","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Ophrysia superciliosa","(Gray, 1846)","Gleanings from the menagerie and aviary at Knowsley Hall 1 p.8 pl.16","Himalayan Quail","Himalayan Quail","Himalayan Quail",null,null,"formerly west-central Himalayas; probably extinct, last reported 1876","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679141","himqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himqua1","avibase-1EDD86FF",null,null,"India = Mussoorie.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/161293#page/49/mode/1up","Rollulus superciliosus"],["1555","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula","Hodgson, 1837","The Bengal Sporting Magazine 9 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Perdicula rubicola [Hodgson, 1837]; type by original designation = Perdix asiatica Latham, 1790",null,null,null,"Perdicula"],["1556","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula asiatica","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.649","Jungle Bush Quail","Jungle Bush-Quail","Jungle Bush-quail",null,null,"far northern sub-Himalayan India southward to Gujarat and eastern Rajasthan, eastward south of Himalayas to southern West Bengal, southward through Peninsular India, and southeastern Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678997","jubqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jubqua1","avibase-32413666",null,null,"Mahratta region, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/189/mode/1up","Perdix asiatica"],["1557","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula asiatica punjaubi","Whistler, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (Kashmir to Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C13677D",null,null,"Ambala, Punjab","A new race of the Indian Bush-Quail.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/106/mode/1up","Perdicula asiatica punjaubi"],["1558","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula asiatica asiatica","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.649",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northeastern India (Gujarat to Bihar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69948B35",null,null,"Mahratta region, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/189/mode/1up","Perdix asiatica"],["1559","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula asiatica vidali","Whistler & Kinnear, 1936","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.686",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India southward from Mumbai (Bombay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84E170BD",null,null,"Kelsi, S. Konkan [=Kelshi, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra.]","The Vernay Scientific Survey of the Eastern Ghats, XIV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183345#page/398/mode/1up","Perdicula asiatica vidali"],["1560","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula asiatica vellorei","Abdulali & Reuben, 1965","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 61 p.688-691",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (southeastern Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-921AE3A3",null,null,"Government Reserved Forest about 25 miles south-west of Vellore, North Arcot District, Madras. [=25 miles south-west of Vellore, Tamil Nadu.]","The Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica (Latham): a new race from south India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186236#page/802/mode/1up","Perdicula asiatica vellorei"],["1561","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula asiatica ceylonensis","Whistler & Kinnear, 1936","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.686",null,null,null,null,null,"dry plains northeast of central hills of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FBBD0D5",null,null,"Cocoawattee, Ceylon [=Sri Lanka]","The Vernay Scientific Survey of the Eastern Ghats, XIV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183345#page/398/mode/1up","Perdicula asiatica ceylonensis"],["1562","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula argoondah","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.153","Rock Bush Quail","Rock Bush-Quail","Rock Bush-quail",null,null,"lowland semidesert of western Gujarat northeast to southern Haryana and southeastward to central Madhya Pradesh, southward through central Tamil Nadu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679002","robqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robqua1","avibase-177160F1",null,null,"Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/357/mode/1up","Coturnix Argoondah"],["1563","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula argoondah meinertzhageni","Whistler, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (south to Rann of Kutch and Madhya Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0CA4697",null,null,"Nasirabad, Rajputana","[Description of a new subspecies.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/45/mode/1up","Perdicula argoondah meinertzhageni"],["1564","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula argoondah argoondah","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India southward to Madras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-942F0C97",null,null,"Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/357/mode/1up","Coturnix Argoondah"],["1565","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula argoondah salimalii","Whistler, 1943","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 44 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (stony lateritic soils of east-central Karnataka)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37DACABE",null,null,"Marikanive [=Marikanive, Chitradurga district, Karnataka.]","The birds of Mysore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188013#page/286/mode/1up","Perdicula argoondah salimalii"],["1566","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula erythrorhyncha","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.153","Painted Bush Quail","Painted Bush-Quail","Painted Bush-quail",null,null,"grassland and scrub of hills and mountains, in Western Ghats of India from southern Maharashtra southward to southern Tamil Nadu; disjunctly northeastern Peninsular India, where poorly known",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679007","pabqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabqua1","avibase-8E9DF823",null,null,"Karli Valley, North Konkan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/357/mode/1up","Coturnix erythrorhyncha"],["1567","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula erythrorhyncha blewitti","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.512",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B3A91A8",null,null,"Raipur.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/536/mode/1up","Microperdix Blewitti"],["1568","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula erythrorhyncha erythrorhyncha","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Western Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08059121",null,null,"Karli Valley, North Konkan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/357/mode/1up","Coturnix erythrorhyncha"],["1569","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula manipurensis","Hume, 1881","Stray Feathers 9 p.467","Manipur Bush Quail","Manipur Bush-Quail","Manipur Bush-quail",null,null,"tall grassland of lowlands to hills, historically from northeastern West Bengal through Assam and Manipur; few recent records, sight only","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22679012","mabqua1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabqua1","avibase-19031FF7",null,null,"Bases of the hills in the southeastern portion of the Manipur Plain.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94421#page/493/mode/1up","Perdicula manipurensis"],["1570","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula manipurensis inglisi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1909)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 19 p.1 pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"West Bengal and Assam (north of the Brahmaputra River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D91A204E",null,null,"Goalpara, Assam.","On a new species of bush-quail (Microperdix) from Goalpara, Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28012#page/33/mode/1up","Microperdix inglisi"],["1571","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Perdicula manipurensis manipurensis","Hume, 1881","Stray Feathers 9 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"Manipur and Assam hills (south of the Brahmaputra River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86B20251",null,null,"Bases of the hills in the southeastern portion of the Manipur Plain.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94421#page/493/mode/1up","Perdicula manipurensis"],["1572","genus","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1229",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao capensis [J.F. Gmelin, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 79). = Tetrao afer Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/661/mode/1up","Pternistis"],["1573","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis hartlaubi","(Bocage, 1869)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 p.350","Hartlaub's Spurfowl","Hartlaub's Spurfowl","Hartlaub's Spurfowl",null,null,"rocky hill country of southwestern Angola to central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678799","harfra3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harfra3","avibase-56FA0FE6",null,null,"Huíla, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/370/mode/1up","Francolinus Hartlaubi"],["1574","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis nobilis","(Reichenow, 1908)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.81","Handsome Spurfowl","Handsome Spurfowl","Handsome Spurfowl",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678883","hanfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hanfra2","avibase-DA7CA265",null,null,"Wirunga [or Birunga] Volcano, Belgian Congo.","Von der Reise des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/97/mode/1up","Francolinus nobilis"],["1575","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis camerunensis","(Alexander, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.12","Mount Cameroon Spurfowl","Mount Cameroon Spurfowl","Mount Cameroon Spurfowl",null,null,"western Cameroon (southeastern and northeastern slopes of Mount Cameroon)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678891","camfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camfra2","avibase-D40CAF0C",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain, at 7000 feet.","On behalf of Mr. Boyd Alexander, on new species from the Peak of Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/280/mode/1up","Francolinus camerunensis"],["1576","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis castaneicollis","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.542","Chestnut-naped Spurfowl","Chestnut-naped Spurfowl",null,"2025-0134","Taxon <em>atrifrons </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Pternistis castaneicollis</em> based on available evidence. Divergence in mitochondrial DNA and phenotypic traits (Töpfer et al. 2014) is more consistent with subspecies status in francolins (Bloomer &amp; Crowe 1998).","hill and montane forest of north-central Ethiopia to northwestern Somalia, southward to southern Ethiopia, and far northern Kenya",null,null,null,"chnfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chnfra2","avibase-81474844",null,null,"Lake Ciar-Ciar [= Chercher], Shoa. [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/548/mode/1up","Francolinus castaneicollis"],["1577","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis castaneicollis castaneicollis","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Ethiopia and Somalia to Kenya border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05A3EE36",null,null,"Lake Ciar-Ciar [= Chercher], Shoa. [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/548/mode/1up","Francolinus castaneicollis"],["1578","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis castaneicollis atrifrons","(Conover, 1930)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 43 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia and far northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F86E768E",null,null,"Mega, 7000 feet, Boran, Ethiopia.","A new species of Francolin from southern Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107495#page/23/mode/1up","Francolinus atrifrons"],["1579","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis erckelii","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.12 pl.6","Erckel's Spurfowl","Erckel's Spurfowl","Erckel's Spurfowl",null,null,"northeastern Sudan and highlands of northern Eritrea and northwestern Ethiopia; introduced to Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678865","ercfra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ercfra","avibase-6C4A6597",null,null,"Taranta Mts., northeastern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/92/mode/1up","Perdix Erckelii"],["1580","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis ochropectus","(Dorst & Jouanin, 1952)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 22 p.[71]","Djibouti Spurfowl","Djibouti Spurfowl","Djibouti Spurfowl",null,null,"montane forest of Forêt du Day (Djibouti)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678869","djifra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/djifra1","avibase-20C06F73",null,null,"Plateau du Day, cercle de Tadjoura, Côte française des Somalis","Description d'une espèce nouvelle de Francolin d'Afrique orientale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/314209#page/5/mode/1up","Francolinus ochropectus"],["1581","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis swierstrai","(Roberts, 1929)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 13, pt.2 p.72","Swierstra's Spurfowl","Swierstra's Spurfowl","Swierstra's Spurfowl",null,null,"montane forest of western Angola (Cuanza Sul to Huila)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678896","swifra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swifra2","avibase-3A5FE639",null,null,"Mombola, Angola.","New forms of African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_678","Chaetopus swierstrai"],["1582","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis ahantensis","(Temminck, 1854)","Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 6, no.1 p.49,pl.","Ahanta Spurfowl","Ahanta Spurfowl","Ahanta Spurfowl",null,null,"discontinuous in lowlands of Senegambia to southwestern Nigeria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678835","ahafra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ahafra2","avibase-CA53B18D",null,null,"Ahanta, Gold Coast [Ghana]","Zoologische Schetsen van eenige soorten van Hoenderachtige Vogelen","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/503855","Francolinus ahantensis"],["1583","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis griseostriatus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1890)","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.7 p.349 pl.10","Grey-striped Spurfowl","Gray-striped Spurfowl","Grey-striped Spurfowl",null,null,"locally in escarpment of western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678843","gysfra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gysfra1","avibase-7A8E73BF",null,null,"'Congo River ' = Quanza River, Angola.","On some new and rare Francolins.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/377/mode/1up","Francolinus griseo-striatus"],["1584","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis jacksoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.123","Jackson's Spurfowl","Jackson's Spurfowl","Jackson's Spurfowl",null,null,"montane forest of western and central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678887","jacfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jacfra2","avibase-A7E59764",null,null,"Kikuyu = Mianzini, Kenya Colony.","On some new Francolins and a new Hornbill discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/155/mode/1up","Francolinus jacksoni"],["1585","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis capensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.759","Cape Spurfowl","Cape Spurfowl","Cape Spurfowl",null,null,"South Africa (riverine scrub of southern and western Cape Province)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678823","capfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capfra2","avibase-6405CD29",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/260/mode/1up","Tetrao capensis"],["1586","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis adspersus","(Waterhouse, 1838)","An expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa, through the hitherto undescribed countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras 2 App. p.267","Red-billed Spurfowl","Red-billed Spurfowl","Red-billed Spurfowl",null,null,"southern Angola to Namibia, Botswana, southwestern Zambia, and western Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678819","rebfra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebfra1","avibase-9E356E43",null,null,"Great Fish River, Great Namaqualand.",null,null,"Francolinus adspersus"],["1587","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis natalensis","(Smith, 1833)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.48","Natal Spurfowl","Natal Spurfowl","Natal Spurfowl",null,null,"Zambia and Mozambique to Cape Province",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678831","natfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/natfra2","avibase-A7002FF6",null,null,"Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/66/mode/1up","Francolinus Natalensis"],["1588","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis hildebrandti","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.206,243 pl.4 fig.2","Hildebrandt's Spurfowl","Hildebrandt's Spurfowl","Hildebrandt's Spurfowl",null,null,"Kenya to Tanzania, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern Zambia, and southern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678827","hilfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hilfra2","avibase-F5A73AAA",null,null,"Voi, Teita district, Kenya Colony.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/218/mode/1up","Francolinus (Scleroptera) Hildebrandti"],["1589","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis hildebrandti hildebrandti","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.206,243 pl.4 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya, northern and western Tanzania, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90F6B6CD",null,null,"Voi, Teita district, Kenya Colony.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/218/mode/1up","Francolinus (Scleroptera) Hildebrandti"],["1590","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis hildebrandti johnstoni","(Shelley, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania, northern Mozambique, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-452EF689",null,null,"Zomba, Milanji Hills, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/56/mode/1up","Francolinus johnstoni"],["1591","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis bicalcaratus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.277","Double-spurred Spurfowl","Double-spurred Spurfowl","Double-spurred Spurfowl",null,null,"varied open habitats in lowlands and hills of western Morocco and disjunctly from southern Mauritania eastward to northeastern Cameroon and southward to southern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678803","dosfra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dosfra2","avibase-D8267ADE",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/281/mode/1up","Tetrao bicalcaratus"],["1592","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis bicalcaratus adamauae","(Neumann, 1915)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nigeria to Cameroon and southwestern Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-669668F0",null,null,"Adamawa, northern Cameroon.","Neue Vögel von der Ostgrenze Neu-Kameruns.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/83/mode/1up","Francolinus bicalcaratus adamauae"],["1593","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis bicalcaratus ayesha","(Hartert, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"western Morocco (Rabat to Essaouira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF03F0E7",null,null,"Rabat, Morocco.","Notes on Game-Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/333/mode/1up","Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha"],["1594","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis bicalcaratus bicalcaratus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia and southern Mauritania to western Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-129542C7",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/281/mode/1up","Tetrao bicalcaratus"],["1595","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis icterorhynchus","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.64 p.275","Heuglin's Spurfowl","Heuglin's Spurfowl","Heuglin's Spurfowl",null,null,"Central African Republic to southern Sudan, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678811","heufra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heufra1","avibase-3EAF578D",null,null,"Bongo River, Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Beobachtungen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/287/mode/1up","Francolinus icterorhynchus"],["1596","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis squamatus","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.321","Scaly Spurfowl","Scaly Spurfowl","Scaly Spurfowl",null,null,"forest and clearings of hills and mountains from central Nigeria east through southern South Sudan and east-central Ethiopia, in south to northern Angola and central Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678839","scafra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scafra2","avibase-1B11690B",null,null,"Cape Lopez, French Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/341/mode/1up","Francolinus squamatus"],["1597","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis squamatus squamatus","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Nigeria eastward to southwestern and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2065A2D",null,null,"Cape Lopez, French Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/341/mode/1up","Francolinus squamatus"],["1598","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis squamatus schuetti","(Cabanis, 1881)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.152 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan and western Ethiopia southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western and central Kenya, Tanzania, and central Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D2DBBDD",null,null,"Lunda, Angola.","[Über Novitäten des Berliner Zoologischen Museums].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/363/mode/1up","Francolinus (Scleroptera) Schuetti"],["1599","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis squamatus maranensis","(Mearns, 1910)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.14 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78BDA757",null,null,"Marangu, 5000 feet, Mt. Kilimanjaro.","Description of ten new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/371/mode/1up","Francolinus schuetti maranensis"],["1600","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis harwoodi","(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.22","Harwood's Spurfowl","Harwood's Spurfowl","Harwood's Spurfowl",null,null,"highlands of central Ethiopia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678815","harfra4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harfra4","avibase-02D73B4A",null,null,"Aheafeg, southern Ethiopia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/54/mode/1up","Francolinus harwoodi"],["1601","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis clappertoni","(Children & Vigors, 1826)","Narrative of travels and discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the years 1822, 1823, and 1824 App.XXI p.198","Clapperton's Spurfowl","Clapperton's Spurfowl","Clapperton's Spurfowl",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa (Mali to Sudan and Ethiopia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678807","clafra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clafra1","avibase-6EB4D5DE",null,null,"No locality = Bornu.",null,null,"Francolinus Clappertoni"],["1602","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis clappertoni clappertoni","(Children & Vigors, 1826)","Narrative of travels and discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the years 1822, 1823, and 1824 App.XXI p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali to southern Sudan, eastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A526965B",null,null,"No locality = Bornu.",null,null,"Francolinus Clappertoni"],["1603","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis clappertoni sharpii","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BC7EB23",null,null,"Anseba Valley, Bogosland.","A short Review of the Francolins belonging to the Genera Francolinus and Pternistes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/79/mode/1up","Francolinus sharpii"],["1604","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis swainsonii","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.54","Swainson's Spurfowl","Swainson's Spurfowl","Swainson's Spurfowl",null,null,"savanna, wet grassland, and edge of lowlands and hills from southeastern Angola and northern Namibia eastward to northeastern Zimbabwe and southward to Free State, eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678860","swafra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swafra2","avibase-721FFBD4",null,null,"Rivers south of Kurrichane = western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/134/mode/1up","Perdix Swainsonii"],["1605","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis leucoscepus","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.48","Yellow-necked Spurfowl","Yellow-necked Spurfowl","Yellow-necked Spurfowl",null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, southeastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and north-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678847","yenspu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yenspu1","avibase-90AFDF9E",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/56/mode/1up","Francolinus leucoscepus"],["1606","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis leucoscepus leucoscepus","(Gray, 1867)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.5 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and adjacent northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C86AE9A5",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62932#page/56/mode/1up","Francolinus leucoscepus"],["1607","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis leucoscepus infuscatus","Cabanis, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan and Djibouti to northern Somalia southwards through northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8B89194",null,null,"Interior of East Africa = Lake Jipe, near Kilimanjaro.","Protokoll der VII. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Pternistes infuscatus"],["1608","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis rufopictus","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.52","Grey-breasted Spurfowl","Gray-breasted Spurfowl","Grey-breasted Spurfowl",null,null,"northwestern Tanzania (Lake Victoria to Serengeti and southward to Wembere)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678851","gybfra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybfra1","avibase-DB3EB527",null,null,"Wembere Steppes, Tanganyika Territory.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/64/mode/1up","Pternistes rufopictus"],["1609","species","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis afer","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.129","Red-necked Spurfowl","Red-necked Spurfowl","Red-necked Spurfowl",null,null,"varied brushy habitats from lowlands to mountains, from southern Gabon in the west southward to northern Namibia, eastward to northern Uganda and south-coastal Kenya, and southward through Zimbabwe, thence from southern Zambia through eastern South Africa to the Cape",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678855","renfra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renfra1","avibase-5FA94F66",null,null,"Africa, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 180. Benguella, suggested as type locality by Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 41, 1920, p. 133.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/149/mode/1up","Tetrao afer"],["1610","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis afer cranchii","(Leach, 1818)","Narrative of an expedition to explore the river Zaire, usually called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816, under the direction of Captain J. K. Tuckey (etc.) Append.4 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Gabon and southern Republic of the Congo through southern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southwards to central Angola and western Zambia and eastwards to western Kenya and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F65DBDD",null,null,"Lower Congo Valley.",null,null,"Perdix cranchii"],["1611","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis afer afer","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola and far northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51F27DDD",null,null,"Africa, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 180. Benguella, suggested as type locality by Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 41, 1920, p. 133.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/149/mode/1up","Tetrao afer"],["1612","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis afer castaneiventer","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (southern and eastern Cape Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-510B6897",null,null,"male from Fort Beaufort district, Cape Province [South Africa]; female from Zuurberg.","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/156/mode/1up","Pternistes castaneiventer"],["1613","subspecies","Galliformes","Phasianidae","Partridges, Pheasants, Grouse, and allies","Pternistis afer humboldtii","(Peters, 1854)","Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and northern and eastern Tanzania southwards to northeastern Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22271F15",null,null,"Tete, Mozambique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/140/mode/1up","Francolinus humboldtii"],["1614","order","Phoenicopteriformes",null,null,"Phoenicopteriformes",null,null,"Flamingos",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1615","family","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicopteridae",null,null,"Flamingos","Flamingos","Flamingos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"phoeni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phoeni1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1616","genus","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoeniconaias","Gray, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.20 p.440,442",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phoenicopterus minor [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E, 1798]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/492/mode/1up","Phoeniconaias"],["1617","species","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoeniconaias minor","(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1798)","Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris 1(1791-1799) no.13(March 1798) p.98,pl. fig.1,2,3","Lesser Flamingo","Lesser Flamingo","Lesser Flamingo",null,null,"locally from Africa and Madagascar to far northwestern India (mainly Gujarat)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697369","lesfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesfla1","avibase-B06A9079",null,null,"No type locality given = Senegal.","Sur une nouvelle espèce de PhSnicoptère ou Flammant.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28082#page/258/mode/1up","Phoenicopterus minor"],["1618","genus","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicoparrus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.992",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phoenicopterus andinus [R. A. Philippi, Sr., 1854]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/1004/mode/1up","Phoenicoparrus"],["1619","species","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicoparrus andinus","(Philippi, 1854)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 11 p.337","Andean Flamingo","Andean Flamingo","Andean Flamingo",null,null,"high Andes of southern Peru to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697387","andfla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andfla2","avibase-F85B3F92",null,null,"salt lake near Altos de Pingopingo, Antofagasta, Chile.",null,null,"Phoenicopterus andinus"],["1620","species","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicoparrus jamesi","(Sclater, 1886)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1886, pt.3, no.26 p.399,400 pl.36 fig.3","James's Flamingo","James's Flamingo","Puna Flamingo",null,null,"high Andes of southern Peru to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697398","jamfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamfla1","avibase-5E41A832",null,null,"Sitani, at foot of Isluga volcano, Tarapaca, Chile.","List of a Collection of Birds from the Province of Tarapacá, Northern Chili.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92048#page/495/mode/1up","Phoenicopterus jamesi"],["1621","genus","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicopterus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phoenicopterus ruber [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/157/mode/1up","Phoenicopterus"],["1622","species","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicopterus chilensis","Molina, 1782","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.242,344","Chilean Flamingo","Chilean Flamingo","Chilean Flamingo",null,null,"Andes of southern South America; pampas of southern Brazil to southern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697365","chifla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chifla1","avibase-4F28673C",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=242&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Phoenicopterus Chilensis"],["1623","species","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicopterus roseus","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.207","Greater Flamingo","Greater Flamingo","Greater Flamingo",null,null,"southern Europe and Mediterranean basin to southern Africa, Madagascar, and southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697360","grefla3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grefla3","avibase-0F9B5174",null,null,"ad ostia Volgae et Rhymni' = Ural River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/223/mode/1up","Phoenicopterus roseus"],["1624","species","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicopterus ruber","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.139","American Flamingo","American Flamingo","American Flamingo",null,null,"Caribbean region including coastal Yucatan Peninsula and coastal northern South America, and disjunctly in Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729706","grefla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grefla2","avibase-E3FF6313",null,null,"'Africa, America, rarius in Europa.' Restricted type locality. West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/157/mode/1up","Phoenicopterus ruber"],["1625","subspecies","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicopterus ruber ruber","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean region, including coastal Yucatan Peninsula, and coastal northern South America to northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65C10AA7",null,null,"'Africa, America, rarius in Europa.' Restricted type locality. West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/157/mode/1up","Phoenicopterus ruber"],["1626","subspecies","Phoenicopteriformes","Phoenicopteridae","Flamingos","Phoenicopterus ruber glyphorhynchus","Gray, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.20 p.442, pl.14, fig.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50A4E8C7",null,null,"Galapagos",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/494/mode/1up","Phoenicopterus glyphorhynchus"],["1627","order","Podicipediformes",null,null,"Podicipediformes",null,null,"Grebes",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1628","family","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podicipedidae",null,null,"Grebes","Grebes","Grebes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"podici1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/podici1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1629","genus","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Rollandia","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.775",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rollandia leucotis [Bonaparte, 1856]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Podiceps rolland Quoy & Gaimard, 1824",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/785/mode/1up","Rollandia"],["1630","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Rollandia microptera","(Gould, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.220","Titicaca Grebe","Titicaca Grebe","Titicaca Grebe",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru and western Bolivia (Lake Titicaca basin)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696533","titgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/titgre1","avibase-83F61B45",null,null,"Lake Titicaca.","On four New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/274/mode/1up","Podiceps micropterus"],["1631","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Rollandia rolland","(Gaimard, 1823)","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 3 p.53","White-tufted Grebe","White-tufted Grebe","White-tufted Grebe",null,null,"small inland wetlands to fjords from lowlands to puna of west-central Peru to southern Brazil, southward to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696530","whtgre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtgre3","avibase-8C75F227",null,null,"Falkland Islands","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d’oiseaux. Mém. lu à la Soc. d’hist. nat. de Paris, le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre corresp. de cette Soc., etc.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25872#page/59/mode/1up","Podiceps rolland"],["1632","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Rollandia rolland chilensis","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Peru to southern Brazil, Tierra del Fuego, and Cape Horn Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D470DE90",null,null,"Concepcion Bay, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/366/mode/1up","Podiceps chilensis"],["1633","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Rollandia rolland morrisoni","(Simmons, 1962)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 82 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Lake Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F079E05",null,null,"Lake Junín, Peru.","A new race of the grebe Podiceps chilensis from Lake Junin, Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126998#page/117/mode/1up","Podiceps chilensis morrisoni"],["1634","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Rollandia rolland rolland","(Gaimard, 1823)","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 3 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E4367BA",null,null,"Falkland Islands","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d’oiseaux. Mém. lu à la Soc. d’hist. nat. de Paris, le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre corresp. de cette Soc., etc.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25872#page/59/mode/1up","Podiceps rolland"],["1635","genus","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.iii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Colymbus minor [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Colymbus ruficollis Pallas, 1764",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/71/mode/1up","Tachybaptus"],["1636","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus dominicus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.223","Least Grebe","Least Grebe","Least Grebe",null,null,"southern Texas, southern Baja California, and Sonora (northwestern Mexico) southward to central Argentina; also Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Virgin Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696571","leagre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leagre","avibase-267BDB86",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/227/mode/1up","Colymbus dominicus"],["1637","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus dominicus brachypterus","(Chapman, 1899)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12, art.19 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas to west-central Mexico and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15B1ADF0",null,null,"Lomita Ranch, Texas.","Description of two new subspecies of Colymbus.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/778","Colymbus dominicus brachypterus"],["1638","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus dominicus bangsi","(Van Rossem & Hachisuka, 1937)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern half of Baja California and southern Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B3F07C0",null,null,"Santiago, Baja California, Mexico.","A further report on Birds from Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of two new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28517#page/363/mode/1up","Colymbus dominicus bangsi"],["1639","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus dominicus dominicus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Virgin Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0995CFD",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/227/mode/1up","Colymbus dominicus"],["1640","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus dominicus brachyrhynchus","(Chapman, 1899)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12, art.19 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern South America to southern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4DD128E",null,null,"Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].","Description of two new subspecies of Colymbus.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/778","Colymbus dominicus brachyrhynchus"],["1641","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus dominicus eisenmanni","Storer & Getty, 1985","Ornithological Monographs 36 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"coast of Ecuador; populations of northwestern Peru presumably also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F10938A2",null,null,"Santa Elena, Guayas, Ecuador; Holotype: UMMZ 94684, adult female, 23 Dec. 1933, P. Hershkovitz, original no. A-4.","Geographic variation in the Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus.","https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112852/http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/om/om036.pdf","Tachybaptus dominicus eisenmanni"],["1642","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus pelzelnii","(Hartlaub, 1861)","Ornithologischer Beitrag zur Fauna Madagascar's p.83","Madagascar Grebe","Madagascar Grebe","Madagascar Grebe",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696565","madgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madgre1","avibase-092C1484",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52247#page/99/mode/1up","Podiceps pelzelnii"],["1643","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus novaehollandiae","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt.1 p.18","Australasian Grebe","Australasian Grebe","Australasian Grebe",null,null,"Java, Sangihe, and Talaud islands (north of Sulawesi), Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas), New Guinea, southeastern Bismarck Archipelago, Australia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Rennell (southern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696553","ausgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausgre1","avibase-1ABF840F",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/34/mode/1up","Podiceps novaehollandiae"],["1644","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus novaehollandiae javanicus","(Mayr, 1943)","The Emu 43 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C1A178B",null,null,"Rakukak, Java; altitude 4,000 feet.","Notes on Australian birds (ii).",null,"Podiceps novaehollandiae javanicus"],["1645","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus novaehollandiae fumosus","(Mayr, 1943)","The Emu 43 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe and Talaud islands (off northeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67494E78",null,null,"Kabruang, Talaud Islands.","Notes on Australian birds (ii).",null,"Podiceps novaehollandiae fumosus"],["1646","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus novaehollandiae incola","(Mayr, 1943)","The Emu 43 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36242FD1",null,null,"Ifar, Sentani Lake, northern New Guinea.","Notes on Australian birds (ii).",null,"Podiceps novaehollandiae incola"],["1647","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor, southern New Guinea, Australia including Tasmania, and New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-487FDCB8",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/34/mode/1up","Podiceps novaehollandiae"],["1648","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus novaehollandiae leucosternos","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu and New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3988716C",null,null,"Dolphin Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Colymbus ruficollis leucosternos"],["1649","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus novaehollandiae rennellianus","(Mayr, 1943)","The Emu 43 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92336D8A",null,null,"Rennell Island",null,null,"Podiceps novaehollandiae rennellianus"],["1650","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus rufolavatus","(Delacour, 1932)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.) 2 p.6","Alaotra Grebe","Alaotra Grebe","Alaotra Grebe",null,null,"formerly Lake Alaotra, Madagascar; extinct, last reported 1950","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696558","alagre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alagre1","avibase-16E62DC4",null,null,"Lake Alaotra.","Les Oiseaux de la mission zoologique Franco-Anglo-Américaine à Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/11/mode/1up","Podiceps rufolavatus"],["1651","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.6 no.281","Little Grebe","Little Grebe","Little Grebe","2025-0014","Taxon <em>tricolor </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Tachybaptus ruficollis</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. A thorough review of genetic and phenotypic variation within <em>T. ruficollis sensu lato</em> is needed to determine species limits within this complex.","Europe (except north) to central, southern, and eastern Asia and Philippines; Africa and Malagasy region; Java, Sulawesi region, Lesser Sundas, Moluccas, northern New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696545","litgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litgre1","avibase-215FEA89",null,null,"Holland.",null,null,"Colymbus ruficollis"],["1652","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.6 no.281",null,null,null,null,null,"partial resident Europe eastward to the Ural Mountains, wintering southward to Egypt; also breeds northwestern Africa from Western Sahara eastward to Tunisia; populations in Libya and the Nile Delta not assigned to subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78477BB8",null,null,"Holland.",null,null,"Colymbus ruficollis"],["1653","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis albescens","(Blanford, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5 no.5&amp;6 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"partial resident Caucasus eastward to eastern Kazakhstan, southward to India, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED29D456",null,null,"Sikkim","Notes on some birds in Mr. Mandelli's collection from Sikkim, Bhutan and Tibet","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/503/mode/1up","Podiceps albescens"],["1654","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis iraquensis","(Ticehurst, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Iraq and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82135992",null,null,"Iskandariyeh, Euphrates, Iraq.","Descriptions of new forms from Iraq and India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/56/mode/1up","Podiceps ruficollis iraquensis"],["1655","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis capensis","(Salvadori, 1884)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.21 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Africa, primarily south of the Sahara but breeding north to Egypt in the east; also the Comoros and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-519D4544",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94438#page/258/mode/1up","Podiceps capensis"],["1656","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei","(Reichenow, 1902)","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"partial resident southeastern to northeastern Asia including Kurile Islands, Japan (Hokkaido to central Ryukyu Islands), Hainan, and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B623ADE",null,null,"Province of Chihli, China.","[Colymbus nigricans poggei subsp. nov.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/135/mode/1up","Colymbus nigricans poggei"],["1657","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis philippensis","(Bonnaterre, 1791)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.47 p.58, pl.46 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFCDC835",null,null,"fresh waters of the Philippines; restricted to Luzon by Rand, 1948, Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 202.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/164/mode/1up","Colymbus Philippensis"],["1658","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis cotabato","(Rand, 1948)","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BE35C5F",null,null,"Liguasan Marsh, near sea level, Cotabato Province, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands.","Five new birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21567#page/7/mode/1up","Podiceps ruficollis cotabato"],["1659","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis vulcanorum","(Rensch, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.205, note",null,null,null,null,null,"Java to Tanimbar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8100CFE",null,null,"Crater Lake Segare Anak, Lombok; altitude 2,000 meters.","Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vogelwelt der Inseln Alor und Lomblen.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917244","Podiceps ruficollis vulcanorum"],["1660","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis tricolor","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi to New Guinea and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F43D82EC",null,null,"Ternate.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/464/mode/1up","Podiceps (Sylbeocyclus) tricolor"],["1661","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Tachybaptus ruficollis collaris","(Mayr, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1294 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea to Bougainville (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE77B3F0",null,null,"Bougainville Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 55, Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3811/","Podiceps ruficollis collaris"],["1662","genus","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podilymbus","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.595",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podiceps carolinensis [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Colymbus podiceps Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/633/mode/1up","Podilymbus"],["1663","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podilymbus gigas","Griscom, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.379 p.5","Atitlan Grebe","Atitlan Grebe","Atitlan Grebe",null,null,"formerly Lake Atitlan, southwestern Guatemala; extinct, last reported 1986","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696577","atigre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atigre1","avibase-5B2C899D",null,null,"Panajachel, north shore of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala; altitude 5,300 feet.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5418/","Podilymbus gigas"],["1664","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podilymbus podiceps","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136","Pied-billed Grebe","Pied-billed Grebe","Pied-billed Grebe",null,null,"breeds northwestern Canada through USA, Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America to central Chile and northern and west-central Argentina; winters to western and south-central USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696574","pibgre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pibgre","avibase-9A8E55D0",null,null,"Carolina; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Checklist North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 5.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Colymbus Podiceps"],["1665","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podilymbus podiceps podiceps","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"central British Colombia (southwestern Canada) eastward to southeastern Canada, and southward to Panama; partial resident, withdrawing from north in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-238D16AF",null,null,"Carolina; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Checklist North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 5.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Colymbus Podiceps"],["1666","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podilymbus podiceps antillarum","Bangs, 1913","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Greater and Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDF6A6BB",null,null,"Bueycito, Oriente, Cuba.","New birds from Cuba and the Isle of Pines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/119/mode/1up","Podilymbus podiceps antillarum"],["1667","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podilymbus podiceps antarcticus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"northern South America to southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6933156",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/219/mode/1up","Podiceps antarcticus"],["1668","genus","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Poliocephalus","Selby, 1840","A catalogue of the generic and sub-generic types of the class Aves, birds, arranged according to the natural system; with separate lists, distinguishing the various quarters of the globe in which they are to be procured p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podiceps nestor [Gould, 1836]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine & Selby, 1827",null,null,null,"Poliocephalus"],["1669","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Poliocephalus poliocephalus","(Jardine & Selby, 1827)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.1 pl.13, with text","Hoary-headed Grebe","Hoary-headed Grebe","Hoary-headed Grebe",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696589","hohgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hohgre1","avibase-64866E2A",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/97/mode/1up","Podiceps poliocephalus"],["1670","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Poliocephalus rufopectus","(Gray, 1843)","Travels in New Zealand; with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country 2 p.198","New Zealand Grebe","New Zealand Grebe","New Zealand Grebe",null,null,"North Island and far northern South Island (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696592","nezgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezgre1","avibase-5DE62468",null,null,"North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67828#page/212/mode/1up","Podiceps (Poliocephalus) rufopectus"],["1671","genus","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps","Latham, 1787","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.294",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Colymbus cristatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 76).",null,null,null,"Podiceps"],["1672","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps major","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.24","Great Grebe","Great Grebe","Great Grebe",null,null,"coastal western Peru; Paraguay and southeastern Brazil to southern Chile and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696596","gregre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gregre1","avibase-EA53492B",null,null,"Cayenne; error.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/46/mode/1up","Colymbus major"],["1673","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps major major","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to southern Argentina and central Chile; coastal Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F442A60B",null,null,"Cayenne; error.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/46/mode/1up","Colymbus major"],["1674","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps major navasi","Manghi, 1984","Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales \"Bernardino Rivadavia\" e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales, Zoología 4 no.14 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Argentina and southern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51F02DE9",null,null,"Lolog, Neuguen, Republica Argentina","Una nueva subespecie de 'Podiceps major' Boddaert (Aves, Podicipedidae).",null,"Podiceps major navasi"],["1675","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps auritus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.135","Horned Grebe","Horned Grebe","Horned Grebe",null,null,"breeds Iceland, northern British Isles, and Scandinavia to eastern Russia; southern and central Alaska through western and central Canada, and northern tier of contiguous western and central USA states; winters to coasts of North Sea, northern Mediterranean, and western Asian seas; Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to southern Honshu); Aleutians to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico); western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts to central Florida",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696606","horgre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horgre","avibase-018B3169",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/153/mode/1up","Colymbus auritus"],["1676","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps auritus auritus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Palearctic, breeding from northern Scandinavia eastward through Chukotskiy and Kamchatka, southward to northern central Asia and Sakhalin; winters mainly coastally and in bays southward to central Europe and Japan to eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D184E9C1",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/153/mode/1up","Colymbus auritus"],["1677","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps auritus cornutus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.591",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds subarctic southern and central Alaska mainland, western and central Canada, and northern tier of western and central contiguous USA states; winters Aleutians to northern Baja California, and western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts to central Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-807BC0EC",null,null,"'in America septentrionali'; restricted to Hudson Bay by Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 1, no. 2, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/92/mode/1up","Colymbus cornutus"],["1678","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps grisegena","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.55","Red-necked Grebe","Red-necked Grebe","Red-necked Grebe",null,null,"central and eastern Europe and Türkiye to temperate west-central Russia and Kazakhstan; subarctic central and eastern Siberia to Kamchatka and northern Japan (Hokkaido), Alaska, and Canada to southwestern Quebec; winters mostly coasts to mid-temperate latitudes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696599","rengre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rengre","avibase-1CBD2CED",null,null,"no locality; France designated by Hartert et al, 1912, Hand-list Brit. Birds, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/77/mode/1up","Colymbus grisegena"],["1679","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps grisegena grisegena","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Palearctic, breeding from central Scandinavia eastward through northeastern Russia including Kamchatka and northern Japan (Hokkaido), southward to southeastern Europe, Türkiye, Kazakhstan, and northeastern China; winters mainly coastally to central Europe and northern Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and the Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD932C80",null,null,"no locality; France designated by Hartert et al, 1912, Hand-list Brit. Birds, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/77/mode/1up","Colymbus grisegena"],["1680","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps grisegena holbollii","Reinhardt, 1854","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København no.3-4 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds subarctic southern and central Alaska mainland, western and central Canada and northern tier of western and central USA states; winters mainly coastally, Aleutians to northern Baja California, and southeastern Canada and northern US states along Atlantic coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CCB4D32",null,null,"Nenortalik, Julianehaab district, Greenland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31937#page/88/mode/1up","Podiceps Holböllii"],["1681","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.135","Great Crested Grebe","Great Crested Grebe","Great Crested Grebe",null,null,"breeds temperate Eurasia, locally northwestern India, to northeastern Russia, northeastern China, and north-central Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu); northeastern, eastern, and southern Africa; Australia and South Island (New Zealand); winter withdrawal from northern latitudes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696602","grcgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcgre1","avibase-8F269702",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/153/mode/1up","Colymbus cristatus"],["1682","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps cristatus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Eurasia from northwestern Europe and southern Scandinavia to southern Spain, eastward through southern Russia and northern and west-central Mongolia, and northern Afghanistan, locally in northwestern India, to northeastern Russia, northeastern China, and Hokkaido to central Honshu (north-central Japan); winters to coasts of Baltic, Black, and Mediterranean seas, Persian Gulf, and northern plains of India to eastern China and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F25D5CD2",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/153/mode/1up","Colymbus cristatus"],["1683","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps cristatus infuscatus","Salvadori, 1884","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.21 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"montane lakes of Eritrea, Ethiopia and East Africa; also southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6322A2C",null,null,"Lake Kilole, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94438#page/257/mode/1up","Podiceps infuscatus"],["1684","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps cristatus australis","Gould, 1844","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.137 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia including Tasmania, and South Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-448C52FB",null,null,"'Australia and Van Diemen's Land.' Type from New Zealand, fide Mathews, 1911, Birds Australia, 1, pp. 268-269.","Description of Podiceps Australis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/147/mode/1up","Podiceps Australis"],["1685","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps gallardoi","Rumboll, 1974","Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales \"Bernardino Rivadavia\" e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales, Zoología 4 p.33","Hooded Grebe","Hooded Grebe","Hooded Grebe",null,null,"breeds submontane lakes of western Santa Cruz Province, southwestern Argentina; winters to Río Santa Cruz estuary and adjacent coast, southeastern Argentina",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696628","hoogre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoogre1","avibase-A17592A3",null,null,"Laguna Las Escarchadas, 50 kilometers east and a little south of Calafate, Santa Cruz, Argentina.","Una nueva especie de Macá (Podicipitidae). '",null,"Podiceps gallardoi"],["1686","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps taczanowskii","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.109 pl.4","Junin Grebe","Junin Grebe","Junin Grebe",null,null,"Lake Junin (Andes of west-central Peru)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696623","jungre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jungre1","avibase-BB1BF3D9",null,null,"Lake Junín, Peru.","Description of a new Species of Grebe from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/141/mode/1up","Podiceps taczanowskii"],["1687","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps occipitalis","Garnot, 1826","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7 p.50","Silvery Grebe","Silvery Grebe",null,"2025-0238","Taxon <em>juninensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Podiceps occipitalis</em> based on available evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergences are shallow (Ogawa et al. 2015) and did not recover <em>P. occipitalis sensu lato</em> as monophyletic. Despite apparent differences in breeding plumage, vocalizations, and behavior, a more detailed analysis of genetic and geographic variation in the<em> juninensis-occipitalis-taczanowskii</em> complex is needed.","montane lakes of central Andes of Colombia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina; central and southern Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands",null,null,null,"silgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silgre1","avibase-C0F86DA2",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/64/mode/1up","Podiceps occipitalis"],["1688","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps occipitalis juninensis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Andes of Colombia to northern Chile and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79EB0827",null,null,"Lake Junín, Peru.","Description of a new Species of Grebe from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/144/mode/1up","Podiceps calliparaeus juninensis"],["1689","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps occipitalis occipitalis","Garnot, 1826","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEF706B0",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/64/mode/1up","Podiceps occipitalis"],["1690","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps andinus","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1959)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 111 p.55","Colombian Grebe","Colombian Grebe","Colombian Grebe",null,null,"formerly montane wetlands of Bogotá area (eastern Andes, central Colombia); extinct, last reported 1977","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696615","colgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colgre1","avibase-A62CBDD6",null,null,"Lake Tota, Boyacá, Colombia; altitude 3,015 meters.","Additions to the \"Birds of the Republic of Colombia\".","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064506","Colymbus caspicus andinus"],["1691","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps nigricollis","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.963","Black-necked Grebe","Eared Grebe","Black-necked Grebe",null,null,"breeds temperate Eurasia to Russian Far East and northeastern China; eastern and southern Africa; southwestern Canada and western and west-central USA to central Mexico; winters to coasts of northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Black and Caspian seas, northwestern Indian subcontinent, southeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); southern Mexico and east-central USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696610","eargre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eargre","avibase-32DCEC14",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/995/mode/1up","Podiceps nigricollis"],["1692","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.963",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds temperate Eurasia (south of Scandinavia) from Britain and Spain eastward through Baltic states, Kazakhstan, northern and central Mongolia patchily to Russian Far East and northeastern China; winters to coasts of northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Black and Caspian seas, northwestern Indian subcontinent, southeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A523782",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/995/mode/1up","Podiceps nigricollis"],["1693","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps nigricollis gurneyi","(Roberts, 1919)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 6, pt.3 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"patchy resident, Ethiopia to Tanzania and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BCDB347",null,null,"Lambert's Bay, South Africa.","Some notes on birds and descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202290#page/166/mode/1up","Proctopus nigricollis gurneyi"],["1694","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Podiceps nigricollis californicus","Heermann, 1854","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.5 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada and western and west-central USA to central Mexico; winters to southern Mexico and east-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D4ED4BD",null,null,"California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/201/mode/1up","Podiceps Californicus"],["1695","genus","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Aechmophorus","Coues, 1862","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podiceps occidentalis [Lawrence, 1858]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18281#page/241/mode/1up","Aechmophorus"],["1696","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Aechmophorus occidentalis","(Lawrence, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.liv,894","Western Grebe","Western Grebe","Western Grebe",null,null,"freshwater marshes and lakes with extensive open water and emergent vegetation in southwestern Canada from northern Alberta and British Columbia, southward across central and western US to southern California and Arizona, northern New Mexico, and in northern US eastward to northern Wisconsin; in central Mexico southward to northern Guerrero, Morelos, and Tlaxcala; winters in brackish bays and estuaries in the Pacific coast from southwesternmost Canada southward to Baja California and southern Sonora",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696631","wesgre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesgre","avibase-C6E1197B",null,null,"Fort Steilacoom, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/958/mode/1up","Podiceps occidentalis"],["1697","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Aechmophorus occidentalis occidentalis","(Lawrence, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.liv,894",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds west-central Canada to north-central and southwestern USA; winters coastal southwestern Canada to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7262C6CC",null,null,"Fort Steilacoom, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/958/mode/1up","Podiceps occidentalis"],["1698","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Aechmophorus occidentalis ephemeralis","Dickerman, 1986","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"resident central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DD153FA",null,null,"Lauguan de San Pedro Lagunillas, Nayarit, Mexico","Two hitherto unnamed populations of Aechmophorus (Aves: Podicipitidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107581#page/464/mode/1up","Aechmophorus occidentalis ephemeralis"],["1699","species","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Aechmophorus clarkii","(Lawrence, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.liv,895","Clark's Grebe","Clark's Grebe","Clark's Grebe",null,null,"freshwater marshes and lakes with extensive open water and emergent vegetation in southwestern Canada from northern Alberta and British Columbia eastward to southern Manitoba and in eastern and southern Minnesota and northern Wisconsin; southward across central and western US to southern states of California, Arizona, New Mexico and adjacent northwestern Texas; in central Mexico southward to northern Guerrero and southern Puebla; winters in brackish bays and estuaries on the Pacific coast from southwesternmost Canada southward to Baja California and southern Sonora, and in southeastern Texas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696634","clagre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clagre","avibase-D05FFEF7",null,null,"California and New [sic] Mexico; restricted to Laguna Santa Maria, Chihuahua, Mexico, by Dickerman, 1963, Condor, 65, p. 66.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/959/mode/1up","Podiceps clarkii"],["1700","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Aechmophorus clarkii clarkii","(Lawrence, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.liv,895",null,null,null,null,null,"resident north-central and central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAD87E1C",null,null,"California and New [sic] Mexico; restricted to Laguna Santa Maria, Chihuahua, Mexico, by Dickerman, 1963, Condor, 65, p. 66.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/959/mode/1up","Podiceps clarkii"],["1701","subspecies","Podicipediformes","Podicipedidae","Grebes","Aechmophorus clarkii transitionalis","Dickerman, 1986","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds far southwestern and south-central Canada (local) to central and southwestern USA; winters to southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico) and south-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABA2C91A",null,null,"Silver Lake, Lake County, Oregon","Two hitherto unnamed populations of Aechmophorus (Aves: Podicipitidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107581#page/464/mode/1up","Aechmophorus clarkii transitionalis"],["1702","order","Musophagiformes",null,null,"Musophagiformes",null,null,"Turacos",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1703","family","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Musophagidae",null,null,"Turacos","Turacos","Turacos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"musoph1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/musoph1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1704","genus","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Corythaeola","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.45 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Musophaga cristata [Vieillot, 1816]; type by monotypy",null,"Catalogue of Birds collected on the rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. du Chailluin 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species by John Cassin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/202/mode/1up","Corythaeola"],["1705","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Corythaeola cristata","(Vieillot, 1816)","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68","Great Blue Turaco","Great Blue Turaco","Great Blue Turaco",null,null,"lowland rainforest of western and central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688425","grbtur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbtur1","avibase-002445CB",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Musophaga cristata"],["1706","genus","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer","Jarocki, 1821","Zoologiia czyli zwiérzętopismo ogólne: podług náynowszego systematu ułożone 2 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus africanus [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Falco piscator Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=1539","Crinifer"],["1707","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer personatus","(Rüppell, 1842)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.108 p.8","Bare-faced Go-away-bird","Bare-faced Go-away-bird",null,"2025-0687","Taxon <em>leopoldi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Crinifer personatus,</em> as plumage differences are modest and variable within each taxon, and no behavioral or ecological differences have been identified; genetic data would be informative.","disjunctly in Ethiopian Rift Valley, from Dire Dawa and Ankober southward to Lake Abaya and Yabelo (Yavello); and southern Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, southwest Kenya, and Tanzania southward to northern Malawi, northeast Zambia, and southeast Democratic Republic of Congo",null,null,null,"bfgbir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfgbir1","avibase-215428B0",null,null,"Southern provinces of Ethiopia.","On the family of Touracoos and two new species of the genus Chizaerhis from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/160/mode/1up","Chizaerhis personata"],["1708","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer personatus personatus","(Rüppell, 1842)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.108 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Rift Valley of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71A552DA",null,null,"Southern provinces of Ethiopia.","On the family of Touracoos and two new species of the genus Chizaerhis from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/160/mode/1up","Chizaerhis personata"],["1709","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer personatus leopoldi","(Shelley, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.117 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uganda to Rwanda, Burundi, southwestern Kenya, Malawi and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEDA5DA6",null,null,"Ugogo, Tanganyika Territory.","On new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/151/mode/1up","Schizorhis leopoldi"],["1710","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer concolor","(Smith, 1833)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.48","Grey Go-away-bird","Gray Go-away-bird","Grey Go-away-bird",null,null,"lowland and foothill thornscrub, wooded savanna, and acacia and riparian woodland, from western Angola eastward to southern Tanzania, and southward to southern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688396","grygab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grygab1","avibase-DEBCA587",null,null,"Inland from Port Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/66/mode/1up","Corythaix concolor"],["1711","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer concolor molybdophanes","(Clancey, 1964)","Durban Museum Novitates 7 p.125-130",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, southern Tanzania, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCA20945",null,null,"5 miles east of Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia. 1 December, 1952. Collected by R. W. Gingell.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. XXI. [1.] Geographical variation in the Goaway Bird Corythaixoides concolor (Smith).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1517","Corythaixoides concolor molybdophanes"],["1712","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer concolor pallidiceps","(Neumann, 1899)","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.1 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola to southern Namibia and western Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE08CB14",null,null,"Angola.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/76/mode/1up","Corythaixoides concolor pallidiceps"],["1713","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer concolor bechuanae","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern Angola to northeastern Namibia, Botswana, southwestern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A10574BB",null,null,"Gaberones, Bechuanaland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Corythaixoides concolor bechuanae"],["1714","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer concolor concolor","(Smith, 1833)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi and northern Mozambique to Eswatini and eastern South Africa (southward to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5004E5D",null,null,"Inland from Port Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/66/mode/1up","Corythaix concolor"],["1715","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer leucogaster","(Rüppell, 1842)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.108 p.9","White-bellied Go-away-bird","White-bellied Go-away-bird","White-bellied Go-away-bird","2025-0686","<em>Corythaixoides </em>and <em>Criniferoides </em>are placed in the genus <em>Crinifer </em>based on a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Veron &amp; Winney 2000; Njabo &amp; Sorenson 2009; Perktaş et al. 2020).","acacia savanna of Somalia and Ethiopia to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688410","wbgbir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbgbir1","avibase-2AA4BC58",null,null,"Southern provinces of Ethiopia.","On the family of Touracoos and two new species of the genus Chizaerhis from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/161/mode/1up","Chizaerhis leucogaster"],["1716","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer piscator","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.28","Western Plantain-eater","Western Plantain-eater","Western Plantain-eater","2025-0686","<em>Corythaixoides </em>and <em>Criniferoides </em>are placed in the genus <em>Crinifer </em>based on a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Veron &amp; Winney 2000; Njabo &amp; Sorenson 2009; Perktaş et al. 2020).","acacia savanna of Senegambia to Central African Republic and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688415","wesple1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesple1","avibase-3C3092F9",null,null,"Bosun, eastern Cameroon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/50/mode/1up","Falco piscator"],["1717","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Crinifer zonurus","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.9 pl.4","Eastern Plantain-eater","Eastern Plantain-eater","Eastern Plantain-eater","2025-0686","<em>Corythaixoides </em>and <em>Criniferoides </em>are placed in the genus <em>Crinifer </em>based on a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Veron &amp; Winney 2000; Njabo &amp; Sorenson 2009; Perktaş et al. 2020).","acacia savanna of central and east Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688420","easple1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easple1","avibase-10B14696",null,null,"Ethiopia in provinces of Temben, Dembea and in the Kulla.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/89/mode/1up","Chizaerhis zonurus"],["1718","genus","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant 11 no.5 col.110",null,null,null,"2025-0688","Revised generic limits in <em>Tauraco </em>are based on the mitochondrial-DNA dominated data of Perktaş et al. (2020) and include recognition of a polytypic <em>Gallirex </em>(species <em>porphyreolophus </em>and <em>johnstoni</em>, the latter sometimes placed in <em>Ruwenzorornis</em>), a polytypic <em>Menelikornis </em>(species <em>leucotis </em>and <em>ruspolii</em>), and a broad <em>Tauraco </em>(remaining species). While <em>Musophaga </em>is sometimes used for <em>rossae </em>and <em>violaceus</em>, those are subsumed within <em>Tauraco </em>as Perktaş et al. (2020) showed that, while phenotypically distinct from greeN0bodied turacos, they form a well-supported clade that also includes<em> T. macrorhynchus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corythaix porphyreolopha [Vigors, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 149).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/45/mode/1up","Gallirex"],["1719","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex porphyreolophus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.93","Purple-crested Turaco","Purple-crested Turaco","Purple-crested Turaco",null,null,"lowland and foothill woodland, riparian and miombo woodland, and coastal forest, from southwestern Uganda and southeastern Kenya southward through eastern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to Eswatini and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688380","puctur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puctur2","avibase-76E45A19",null,null,"Africa inland from Algoa Bay. [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","Exhibition of a collection of African Birds which had been presented to the Society by Henry Ellis, Esq., of Portland Place.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/107/mode/1up","Corythaix porphyreolopha"],["1720","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex porphyreolophus chlorochlamys","Shelley, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and southwestern Uganda to Tanzania and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9941F80B",null,null,"Ugogo and Dares-Salaam.","On new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/152/mode/1up","Gallirex chlorochlamys"],["1721","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex porphyreolophus porphyreolophus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and central Mozambique (south of the Zambezi River) to northeastern South Africa (southward to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCEBF59D",null,null,"Africa inland from Algoa Bay. [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","Exhibition of a collection of African Birds which had been presented to the Society by Henry Ellis, Esq., of Portland Place.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/107/mode/1up","Corythaix porphyreolopha"],["1722","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex johnstoni","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.57","Rwenzori Turaco","Rwenzori Turaco","Rwenzori Turaco",null,null,"patchy in high-montane forest and bamboo of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688373","ruwtur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwtur2","avibase-FE42CA06",null,null,"Mt. Ruwenzori, 7000 feet.","[Descriptions of three new species of birds from Equatorial Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/215/mode/1up","Gallirex johnstoni"],["1723","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex johnstoni johnstoni","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96C4FC3C",null,null,"Mt. Ruwenzori, 7000 feet.","[Descriptions of three new species of birds from Equatorial Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/215/mode/1up","Gallirex johnstoni"],["1724","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex johnstoni kivuensis","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43A95C11",null,null,"Western Kivu Volcanoes, 2400 metres.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/80/mode/1up","Ruwenzorornis jonhstoni kivuensis"],["1725","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Gallirex johnstoni bredoi","(Verheyen, 1947)","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 23(9) p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Kabobo (eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44036AC2",null,null,"Mont Kabobo (Albertville), Tanganika, Belgian Congo","Notes sur le faune ornithologique de l'Afrique centrale. VII. Liste d'une collection d'oiseaux rares réunie à Albertville et description d'un nouveau Touraco du Congo belge.",null,"Ruwenzorornis johnstoni bredoi"],["1726","genus","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Menelikornis","Boetticher, 1947","Senckenbergiana 28 p.3",null,null,null,"2025-0688","Revised generic limits in <em>Tauraco </em>are based on the mitochondrial-DNA dominated data of Perktaş et al. (2020) and include recognition of a polytypic <em>Gallirex </em>(species <em>porphyreolophus </em>and <em>johnstoni</em>, the latter sometimes placed in <em>Ruwenzorornis</em>), a polytypic <em>Menelikornis </em>(species <em>leucotis </em>and <em>ruspolii</em>), and a broad <em>Tauraco </em>(remaining species). While <em>Musophaga </em>is sometimes used for <em>rossae </em>and <em>violaceus</em>, those are subsumed within <em>Tauraco </em>as Perktaş et al. (2020) showed that, while phenotypically distinct from greeN0bodied turacos, they form a well-supported clade that also includes<em> T. macrorhynchus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corythaix leucotis [Rüppell, 1835]",null,null,null,"Menelikornis"],["1727","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Menelikornis ruspolii","(Salvadori, 1896)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.44","Ruspoli's Turaco","Prince Ruspoli's Turaco","Ruspoli's Turaco",null,null,"montane juniper and other dry forest types of southern Ethiopia, around Arero, Bobela, Sokora, Negele, and Wadera",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688359","prrtur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prrtur1","avibase-F9A59545",null,null,"Supposed to have been taken near Lake Abaya in southwestern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/52/mode/1up","Turacus ruspolii"],["1728","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Menelikornis leucotis","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.8 pl.3","White-cheeked Turaco","White-cheeked Turaco","White-cheeked Turaco","2025-0689","Taxon <em>donaldsoni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Menelikornis leucotis</em> based on available evidence. Although <em>donaldsoni</em> can be diagnosed based on plumage (crown color) it is unclear if this trait is genetically determined or influenced by dietary and/or environmental factors. Furthermore, the level of mitochondrial DNA divergence from <em>leucotis </em>is low, and additional research, especially in areas of apparent sympatry (Gedeon et al. 2022), is needed to determine levels of gene flow.","foothill and montane forest, juniper and podocarpus woodland, and riparian thickets, of eastern South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and far western Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688355","whctur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whctur1","avibase-E1F0E4B5",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/88/mode/1up","Corythaix leucotis"],["1729","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Menelikornis leucotis leucotis","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.8 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, northern and western Ethiopia, and adjacent eastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-109A972E",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/88/mode/1up","Corythaix leucotis"],["1730","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Menelikornis leucotis donaldsoni","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"montane juniper and other dry forest types of south-central Ethiopia south of Rift Valley and far western Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E25F284",null,null,"Meo, Gallaland.","[Two more new species from the collection made by Dr. Donaldson-Smith during his expedition from Somali-land to Lake Rudolf].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/258/mode/1up","Turacus donaldsoni"],["1731","genus","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco","Kluk, 1779","Zwierząt domowych i dzikich, osobliwie kraiowych, historyi naturalney początki i gospodarstwo 2 p.25",null,null,null,"2025-0688","Revised generic limits in <em>Tauraco </em>are based on the mitochondrial-DNA dominated data of Perktaş et al. (2020) and include recognition of a polytypic <em>Gallirex </em>(species <em>porphyreolophus </em>and <em>johnstoni</em>, the latter sometimes placed in <em>Ruwenzorornis</em>), a polytypic <em>Menelikornis </em>(species <em>leucotis </em>and <em>ruspolii</em>), and a broad <em>Tauraco </em>(remaining species). While <em>Musophaga </em>is sometimes used for <em>rossae </em>and <em>violaceus</em>, those are subsumed within <em>Tauraco </em>as Perktaş et al. (2020) showed that, while phenotypically distinct from greeN0bodied turacos, they form a well-supported clade that also includes<em> T. macrorhynchus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus persa [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Domaniewski, 1933, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polon., 1, p. 26).",null,null,"https://books.google.com.br/books?id=SZs5AAAAcAAJ&hl=pl&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=tauraco&f=false","Tauraco"],["1732","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco macrorhynchus","(Fraser, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.74 p.34","Yellow-billed Turaco","Yellow-billed Turaco","Yellow-billed Turaco",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, including rainforest, from Sierra Leone eastward to southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688350","yebtur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtur1","avibase-EEC520B0",null,null,"Aviary specimen, no locality = Sierra Leone apud Bannerman.","On a New Species of Corythaix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/560/mode/1up","Corythaix macrorhynchus"],["1733","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco macrorhynchus macrorhynchus","(Fraser, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.74 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland rainforest of Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5930BFAD",null,null,"Aviary specimen, no locality = Sierra Leone apud Bannerman.","On a New Species of Corythaix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/560/mode/1up","Corythaix macrorhynchus"],["1734","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco macrorhynchus verreauxii","(Schlegel, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.11 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola; Bioko Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B62CFEE",null,null,"Gaboon.","Vorläufige Notiz über die wahre Musophaga Persa (Lin.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1098/mode/1up","Musophaga Verreauxii"],["1735","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco violaceus","(Isert, 1788)","Schriften der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 9 p.18 pl.1","Violet Turaco","Violet Turaco","Violet Turaco",null,null,"southern Senegambia to northwestern Cameroon, southern Chad, and Central African Republic",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688387","viotur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viotur1","avibase-3893974C",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast [=Ghana]",null,null,"Musophaga violacea"],["1736","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco rossae","(Gould, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.224 p.93","Ross's Turaco","Ross's Turaco","Ross's Turaco",null,null,"riparian forest and woodland of central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688391","rostur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rostur1","avibase-2C7BA3A6",null,null,"Western coast of Africa; the type is from Angola, fide Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 449.","On a new species of Musophaga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/123/mode/1up","Musophaga Rossae"],["1737","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco bannermani","(Bates, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.140","Bannerman's Turaco","Bannerman's Turaco","Bannerman's Turaco",null,null,"southwestern Cameroon (Bamenda-Banso highlands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688340","bantur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bantur1","avibase-2226EEC4",null,null,"Banso Mts., 6000 feet, north of Kumbo, Cameroon.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species from of Turaco from the Banso Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/546/mode/1up","Proturacus bannermani"],["1738","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco erythrolophus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.306","Red-crested Turaco","Red-crested Turaco","Red-crested Turaco",null,null,"locally in woodland and savanna of western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688346","rectur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rectur1","avibase-91187A52",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/324/mode/1up","Opaethus erythrolophus"],["1739","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco leucolophus","(Heuglin, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.13 p.65","White-crested Turaco","White-crested Turaco","White-crested Turaco",null,null,"far southeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon eastward to western and southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688369","whctur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whctur2","avibase-FF2AF138",null,null,"Bahr el Abiad, Upper White Nile.","Die Wirksamkeit der neueren Reisenden in Nord-Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/77/mode/1up","Corythaix leucolophus"],["1740","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco persa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.111","Guinea Turaco","Guinea Turaco","Green Turaco",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest and gallery forest, and older secondary forest, from Senegambia eastward to western Central African Republic, and southward through Gabon to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688312","guitur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guitur1","avibase-0B36500B",null,null,"Africa, ex Edwards, pl. 7 = Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/129/mode/1up","Cuculus Persa"],["1741","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco persa buffoni","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Liberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1A52E70",null,null,"Locality unknown = Sierra Leone, fide Bannerman.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/322/mode/1up","Opoethus Buffoni"],["1742","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco persa persa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Ivory Coast to Ghana and Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A54C68EC",null,null,"Africa, ex Edwards, pl. 7 = Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/129/mode/1up","Cuculus Persa"],["1743","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco persa zenkeri","Reichenow, 1896","Journal für Ornithologie 44, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Gabon, northern Angola, Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8CE8613",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroon.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Dritter Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101723#page/23/mode/1up","Turacus buffoni zenkeri"],["1744","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schuettii","(Cabanis, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.180","Black-billed Turaco","Black-billed Turaco","Black-billed Turaco",null,null,"lowland to montane forest from southern Central African Republic eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo (to the Angola border at least) and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688316","blbtur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtur1","avibase-C9A1C773",null,null,"Interior of southwestern Africa.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Corythaix Schüttii"],["1745","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schuettii emini","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Burundi, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-484D0DD5",null,null,"Bundako, Uvamba, Mumbo, Vundekarare, Karévia, Ukondjo, Semliki valley, Belgian Congo.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/44/mode/1up","Turacus emini"],["1746","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schuettii schuettii","(Cabanis, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to the Ituri Basin and southward to northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1F0FEA5",null,null,"Interior of southwestern Africa.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Corythaix Schüttii"],["1747","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco hartlaubi","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.52","Hartlaub's Turaco","Hartlaub's Turaco","Hartlaub's Turaco",null,null,"highlands of Kenya, adjacent Uganda, and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688365","hartur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hartur1","avibase-94214F1C",null,null,"Foot of Mt. Meru, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/64/mode/1up","Corythaix Hartlaubi"],["1748","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schalowi","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.148","Schalow's Turaco","Schalow's Turaco","Schalow's Turaco",null,null,"humid forest of south-central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688323","schtur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schtur1","avibase-22952180",null,null,"West and central Africa, type from Novo Redondo, Angola.","Uebersicht der von Dr. Emin Pascha auf seiner Reise von Bagamojo bis Tabora gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/160/mode/1up","Corythaix schalowi"],["1749","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schalowi chalcolophus","Neumann, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Crater and Mbulu highlands of north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FA65ACA",null,null,"No locality = Mt. Gurui, Irangi district, Tanganyika Territory",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/103/mode/1up","Turacus chalcolophus"],["1750","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schalowi loitanus","Neumann, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.2 p.378.",null,null,null,null,null,"Loita Hills of southwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-681F2D63",null,null,"Loita Mts., Masailand, southwestern Kenya",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/398/mode/1up","Turacus livingstonei loitanus"],["1751","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schalowi schalowi","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AA5F137",null,null,"West and central Africa, type from Novo Redondo, Angola.","Uebersicht der von Dr. Emin Pascha auf seiner Reise von Bagamojo bis Tabora gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/160/mode/1up","Corythaix schalowi"],["1752","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco schalowi marungensis","Reichenow, 1902","Die Vögel Afrikas 2 p.52.",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia to Malawi, southwestern Tanzania, and west-central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B603E32",null,null,"Marungu im Westen des Tanganjika  [Marungu and north of Lake Nyasa].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48992#page/80/mode/1up","Turacus schalowi var. marungensis"],["1753","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco fischeri","(Reichenow, 1878)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 3 p.88","Fischer's Turaco","Fischer's Turaco","Fischer's Turaco",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, and thicket in coastal woodland, from southern Somalia southward through coastal Kenya to northeastern Tanzania and Unguja (in Zanzibar)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688327","fistur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fistur1","avibase-D5846D2A",null,null,"Witu, coast of Kenya Colony.","Vereins-Angelegenheiten","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_3_I-LXXVI.pdf","Corythaix Fischeri"],["1754","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco fischeri fischeri","(Reichenow, 1878)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 3 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal forest of southern Somalia, coastal Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCA6C565",null,null,"Witu, coast of Kenya Colony.","Vereins-Angelegenheiten","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_3_I-LXXVI.pdf","Corythaix Fischeri"],["1755","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco fischeri zanzibaricus","Pakenham, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2700FF1C",null,null,"Jozani Forest, Zanzibar Island.","Description of a new race of the East African Red-crested Lourie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/149/mode/1up","Turacus fischeri zanzibaricus"],["1756","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco livingstonii","Gray, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.44","Livingstone's Turaco","Livingstone's Turaco","Livingstone's Turaco",null,null,"coastal lowlands of southern Tanzania southward through Mozambique to northeastern South Africa (northeastern Kwazulu-Natal); highlands east of the Rift in Malawi and adjacent northern Mozambique, southward to eastern Zimbabwe; disjunctly in mountains of northwestern Tanzania to central Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688331","livtur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/livtur1","avibase-12FE1ED5",null,null,"Manganja highlands, Nyasaland.","Notice of a New Species of Turacus from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/78/mode/1up","Turacus livingstonii"],["1757","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco livingstonii reichenowi","(Fischer, 1880)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania to Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9AE2D20",null,null,"Nguru-Berge, East Africa [=Nguru Mountains, Tanzania]","Ein neuer Helmkukuk aus Ost-Afrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_0174.pdf","Corythaix Reichenowi"],["1758","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco livingstonii livingstonii","Gray, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malawi to Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC5B0E83",null,null,"Manganja highlands, Nyasaland.","Notice of a New Species of Turacus from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/78/mode/1up","Turacus livingstonii"],["1759","species","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco corythaix","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.116,  sp.1","Knysna Turaco","Knysna Turaco","Knysna Turaco",null,null,"southern and eastern portions of South Africa from southern Western Cape to northeastern South Africa (eastern Limpopo and Mpumalanga) and northwestern Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688335","knytur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/knytur1","avibase-45CE1202",null,null,"No locality = Cape of Good Hope, in the forests on the east coast at the entrance to the Anteniquoi country, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/158/mode/1up","Spelectos Corythaix"],["1760","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco corythaix phoebus","Neumann, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga) and northwestern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DCE2B37",null,null,"De Kaap, Barberton district, Transvaal.","Ein neuer Turako.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/216/mode/1up","Turacus corythaix phoebus"],["1761","subspecies","Musophagiformes","Musophagidae","Turacos","Tauraco corythaix corythaix","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.116,  sp.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Eswatini and southeastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal southward to eastern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E364014E",null,null,"No locality = Cape of Good Hope, in the forests on the east coast at the entrance to the Anteniquoi country, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/158/mode/1up","Spelectos Corythaix"],["1762","order","Otidiformes",null,null,"Otidiformes",null,null,"Bustards",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1763","family","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Otididae",null,null,"Bustards","Bustards","Bustards",null,null,null,null,null,null,"otidid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/otidid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1764","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Otis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis tarda [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 64).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Otis"],["1765","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Otis tarda","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154","Great Bustard","Great Bustard","Great Bustard",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill open short-grass plain, from northern Morocco, Iberia, and Germany eastward through Ukraine and Türkiye to Mongolia and northwestern China; eastern populations move southward in winter to northern Iran and central China; reintroduced Britain",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691900","grebus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grebus1","avibase-C6F33176",null,null,"Poland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Otis Tarda"],["1766","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Otis tarda tarda","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"now very local in southwestern and central Europe and northwestern Africa to southwestern Siberia and central Mongolia; reintroduced southern England",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82A6DF77",null,null,"Poland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Otis Tarda"],["1767","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Otis tarda dybowskii","Taczanowski, 1874","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.127 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"Mongolia to southern Siberia and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED8ED29F",null,null,"Dauria.","Zweiter Nachtrag zum Bericht über die ornithologischen Untersuchungen des Dr. Dybowski in Ost-Sibirien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/343/mode/1up","Otis Dybowskii"],["1768","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis","Le Maout, 1853","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux suivant la classification de M. Isidore Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire avec l'indication de leurs mœurs et de leurs rapports avec les arts, le commerce et l'agriculture p.340,339 (key)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis arabs [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226863#page/446/mode/1up","Ardeotis"],["1769","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis arabs","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154","Arabian Bustard","Arabian Bustard","Arabian Bustard",null,null,"savanna, grassy fields, semi-desert and arid bush fields in the southern Sahara from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to northern Ethiopia, central South Sudan, and adjacent Kenya, Eritrea, Djibouti, and adjacent Somalia; also in southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen; formerly also western Morocco",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691924","arabus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arabus1","avibase-6A394479",null,null,"'In oriente', based on the Arabian Bustard of Edwards' Natural History of Birds, p. 12, pl. 12; the specimen figured by Edwards was brought from Mocha, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Otis arabs"],["1770","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis arabs lynesi","(Bannerman, 1930)","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, no.3 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"western Morocco; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FC5B5F4",null,null,"Camp Boulhaut, Sidi Ben Sliman, 30 miles southeast of Rabat, Morocco.","Notes on some African Bustards, with descriptions of new forms.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb04906.x","Choriotis arabs lynesi"],["1771","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis arabs stieberi","(Neumann, 1907)","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.2 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia to northeastern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E42540F",null,null,"Kusseri, Shari River.","Über einige afrikanische Trappen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/331/mode/1up","Otis arabs stieberi"],["1772","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis arabs arabs","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, northeastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northwestern Somalia; southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C87D1CE",null,null,"'In oriente', based on the Arabian Bustard of Edwards' Natural History of Birds, p. 12, pl. 12; the specimen figured by Edwards was brought from Mocha, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Otis arabs"],["1773","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis arabs butleri","(Bannerman, 1930)","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, no.3 p.433",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan; very rare (resident?) in northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02133CE1",null,null,"Renk, White Nile.","Notes on some African Bustards, with descriptions of new forms.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb04906.x","Choriotis arabs butleri"],["1774","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis kori","(Burchell, 1822)","Travels in the interior of Southern Africa 1 p.393,note","Kori Bustard","Kori Bustard","Kori Bustard",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill savanna, grassland, Karoo, thornscrub, and open woodland, from southeastern South Sudan, central Ethiopia, and northwestern Somalia southward through northeastern Uganda and north-central Tanzania, and from southern Angola and Namibia eastward through southern Zimbabwe, and southward to central South Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691928","korbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/korbus1","avibase-4FC41CA0",null,null,"Confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181911#page/439/mode/1up","Otis Kori"],["1775","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis kori struthiunculus","(Neumann, 1907)","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.2 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan to northwestern Somalia, southward to northern Uganda and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E4CDC03",null,null,"Lake Zwai, Ethiopia.","Über einige afrikanische Trappen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/330/mode/1up","Otis kori struthiunculus"],["1776","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis kori kori","(Burchell, 1822)","Travels in the interior of Southern Africa 1 p.393,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Namibia, Botswana, southern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BDA0DB8",null,null,"Confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181911#page/439/mode/1up","Otis Kori"],["1777","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis nigriceps","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35","Great Indian Bustard","Great Indian Bustard","Great Indian Bustard",null,null,"semiarid grassland of northwestern and central India; now very rare and mostly survives in Rajasthan",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691932","indbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indbus1","avibase-2799567A",null,null,"Himalayas.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Otis nigriceps"],["1778","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Ardeotis australis","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.305","Australian Bustard","Australian Bustard","Australian Bustard",null,null,"Australia (except southwestern and southeastern) and southern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691940","ausbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausbus1","avibase-5D1DFB96",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/355/mode/1up","Otis Australis"],["1779","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Chlamydotis","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis houbara [Desfontaines, 1787]; type by monotypy = Psophia undulata von Jacquin, 1784",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/55/mode/1up","Chlamydotis"],["1780","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Chlamydotis macqueenii","(Gray, 1832)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2, no.12 pl.47","Asian Houbara","Asian Houbara","Asian Houbara",null,null,"breeds Middle East and Arabia eastward to Iran and far western Pakistan, northwestern Kazakhstan and northeastern Iran eastward to Mongolia and northern China, wintering from Persian Gulf to Pakistan and northwestern India, and in central China",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733562","macbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macbus1","avibase-1BCEB0FD",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267511#page/101/mode/1up","Otis Macqueenii"],["1781","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Chlamydotis undulata","(Jacquin, 1784)","Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel p.24 pl.9","African Houbara","African Houbara","African Houbara",null,null,"semi-desertic grassy fields, xerophytic scrub, sandy grasslands, and stony plains from northern Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and adjacent Egypt southward to the eastern Canary Islands, Western Sahara, and westernmost Mauritania",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728245","houbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houbus1","avibase-5714C710",null,null,"Based on an aviary specimen brought from Tripoli.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104660#page/34/mode/1up","Psophia undulata"],["1782","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1894)","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.5 p.689",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Canary Islands (Fuerteventura and Lanzarote)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13455982",null,null,"Fuerteventura, Canary Islands.","On a new Bustard from the Palearctic Region","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/741/mode/1up","Houbara fuertaventurae"],["1783","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Chlamydotis undulata undulata","(Jacquin, 1784)","Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel p.24 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"North Africa (Morocco to western Nile Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FBB0067",null,null,"Based on an aviary specimen brought from Tripoli.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104660#page/34/mode/1up","Psophia undulata"],["1784","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.9 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis ludwigii [Rüppell, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/76/mode/1up","Neotis"],["1785","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis nuba","(Cretzschmar, 1826)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.1 pl.1","Nubian Bustard","Nubian Bustard","Nubian Bustard",null,null,"Sahel from western Mauritania to eastern Sudan",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691914","nubbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nubbus1","avibase-22160251",null,null,"Kurgos, near Shendi, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/163/mode/1up","Otis Nuba"],["1786","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis ludwigii","(Rüppell, 1837)","Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte 2 p.223 pl.14","Ludwig's Bustard","Ludwig's Bustard","Ludwig's Bustard",null,null,"far southwestern Angola to Namibia, southwestern Botswana, and South Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691910","ludbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ludbus1","avibase-FB9132DC",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172094#page/252/mode/1up","Otis Ludwigii"],["1787","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis heuglinii","(Hartlaub, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1 p.344 pl.11","Heuglin's Bustard","Heuglin's Bustard","Heuglin's Bustard",null,null,"savanna of Eritrea to southern Ethiopia, northern Somalia, and northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691920","heubus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heubus1","avibase-4971D1EF",null,null,"Near the wells of Thushha, between Zella and Harar.","List of Birds observed and collected during a Voyage in the Red Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/386/mode/1up","Otis heuglinii"],["1788","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis denhami","(Children & Vigors, 1826)","Narrative of travels and discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the years 1822, 1823, and 1824 App.XXI p.199","Denham's Bustard","Denham's Bustard","Denham's Bustard",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane grassland, highland plateau, grassy dunes, light woodland, farmland, and arid scrub plain, from Senegambia eastward to northern Uganda and western Ethiopia, Kenya and western Tanzania southward to northern Botswana and northern Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique, Eswatini, and eastern and southern South Africa; most populations are intra-African migrants, including to Angola and southern Republic of Congo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691905","stabus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stabus1","avibase-4FDBC0CB",null,null,"No locality given = neighborhood of Lake Chad, fide Sclater, 1924, p. 113.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99299#page/333/mode/1up","Otis Denhami"],["1789","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis denhami denhami","(Children & Vigors, 1826)","Narrative of travels and discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the years 1822, 1823, and 1824 App.XXI p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia to northern Uganda and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5949BDDD",null,null,"No locality given = neighborhood of Lake Chad, fide Sclater, 1924, p. 113.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99299#page/333/mode/1up","Otis Denhami"],["1790","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis denhami jacksoni","Bannerman, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and western Tanzania to Botswana, Zimbabwe, and southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CAC1F36",null,null,"Amala [or Mara] River, Kenya Colony.","Note on the races of Neotis cafra, with description of a new form from Kenya Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/94/mode/1up","Neotis cafra jacksoni"],["1791","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Neotis denhami stanleyi","(Gray, 1831)","The zoological miscellany 1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Eswatini and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88A31713",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope [South Africa]","Description of three African Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/24/mode/1up","Otis Stanleyi"],["1792","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.47",null,null,null,"2025-0685","<em>Eupodotis </em>is split into four polytypic genera based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Pitra et al. (2002) and Broders et al. (2003): <em>Lophotis; Eupodotis; Heterotetrax; </em>and <em>Afrotis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis rhaad [Rüppell, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 64). = Otis senegalensis Vieillot, 1820",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/55/mode/1up","Eupodotis"],["1793","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis caerulescens","(Vieillot, 1820)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.89 p.334","Blue Korhaan","Blue Bustard","Blue Bustard",null,null,"acacia and grassland of South Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692000","blubus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blubus1","avibase-501B3D62",null,null,"Kaffraria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/440/mode/1up","Otis Caerulesens"],["1794","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis senegalensis","(Vieillot, 1820)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.89 p.333","White-bellied Bustard","White-bellied Bustard","White-bellied Bustard",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill tall grassland, grassy plain, bushy savanna, and subdesert, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to central Sudan, and from Eritrea, eastern Ethiopia, and Somalia southward through eastern Uganda to central Tanzania, and from eastern Gabon southward to eastern Angola and northern and western Zambia, and of southeastern Botswana, Eswatini, and central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691996","whbbus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbus2","avibase-3B287014",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/439/mode/1up","Otis Senegalensis"],["1795","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis senegalensis senegalensis","(Vieillot, 1820)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.89 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania southward to Guinea, eastward to central Sudan, Eritrea, and northwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89157BA6",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/439/mode/1up","Otis Senegalensis"],["1796","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis senegalensis canicollis","(Reichenow, 1881)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 6 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to southeastern South Sudan, northern Uganda, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-778E7447",null,null,"Berdera, Juba River.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_6_I-LXXIII.pdf","Otis canicollis"],["1797","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis senegalensis erlangeri","(Reichenow, 1905)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt2 p.802",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E32D90E",null,null,"New name for Otis canicollis Reichenow.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/846/mode/1up","Otis canicollis erlangeri"],["1798","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis senegalensis mackenziei","White, 1945","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 65 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Gabon to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Angola, and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8A97551",null,null,"open plain between Mwange Leste and the Lungwevungu River in Balovale district of northern Rhodesia, 15 miles from the Angola border","A new race of Bustard from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125662#page/71/mode/1up","Eupodotis senegalensis mackenziei"],["1799","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Eupodotis senegalensis barrowii","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Botswana to eastern South Africa and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A06E49E4",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/354/mode/1up","Otis Barrowii"],["1800","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax","Sharpe, 1894","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 23 p.296",null,null,null,"2025-0685","<em>Eupodotis </em>is split into four polytypic genera based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Pitra et al. (2002) and Broders et al. (2003): <em>Lophotis; Eupodotis; Heterotetrax; </em>and <em>Afrotis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Otis vigorsii [Smith, A, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34470#page/314/mode/1up","Heterotetrax"],["1801","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax humilis","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.4 p.304-305","Little Brown Bustard","Little Brown Bustard","Little Brown Bustard",null,null,"acacia and thornbush of eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691991","libbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/libbus1","avibase-1BF89BB6",null,null,"Somaliland.","Report on a Zoological collection from the Somáli country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/348/mode/1up","Sypheotides humilis"],["1802","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax vigorsii","(Smith, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.11","Karoo Korhaan","Karoo Bustard","Karoo Bustard",null,null,"Karoo of southwest Africa, mainly in South Africa, from Eastern Cape (10 km northwest of the Great Fish River estuary) and far western Free State, and northern to southern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691986","karbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/karbus1","avibase-199B6280",null,null,"South Africa.","Description of three species of the genus Otis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/25/mode/1up","Otis Vigorsii"],["1803","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax vigorsii namaqua","Roberts, 1932","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60417DD1",null,null,"Gibeon, South- West Africa.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Heterotetrax rüppellii namaqua"],["1804","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax vigorsii vigorsii","(Smith, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6B04169",null,null,"South Africa.","Description of three species of the genus Otis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/25/mode/1up","Otis Vigorsii"],["1805","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax rueppelii","(Wahlberg, 1856)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 13 p.174","Rüppell's Korhaan","Rüppell's Bustard","Rüppell's Bustard",null,null,"lowland and foothill subdesert, dark basaltic gravel plain, and barren flats with sparse grass or stunted scrub, of southwestern coastal Angola and coastal western and central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691980","ruebus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruebus1","avibase-303DD648",null,null,"Damaraland, type from Onanis.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54172#page/184/mode/1up","Otis Rüppelii"],["1806","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax rueppelii rueppelii","(Wahlberg, 1856)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 13 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal southwestern Angola (Benguela) to northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69095A32",null,null,"Damaraland, type from Onanis.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54172#page/184/mode/1up","Otis Rüppelii"],["1807","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Heterotetrax rueppelii fitzsimonsi","Roberts, 1937","Ostrich 8 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia (Maltahöhe to Windhoek)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C5F2B2D",null,null,"between Kobos and Maltahohe, South-West Africa","Some results of the Barlow-Transvaal Mus. Expedition to south-west Africa",null,"Heterotetrax ruppellii fitzsimonsi"],["1808","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lophotis","Reichenbach, 1848","Synopsis Avium 3 p.4",null,null,null,"2025-0685","<em>Eupodotis </em>is split into four polytypic genera based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Pitra et al. (2002) and Broders et al. (2003): <em>Lophotis; Eupodotis; Heterotetrax; </em>and <em>Afrotis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis ruficrista [Smith, A, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Lophotis"],["1809","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lophotis ruficrista","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.56","Red-crested Korhaan","Red-crested Bustard","Red-crested Bustard",null,null,"southern Angola to northeastern Namibia, Botswana, southern Zambia and northern Southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691965","recbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recbus1","avibase-02BE4F8A",null,null,"Near Latakoo, Bechuanaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/136/mode/1up","Otis ruficrista"],["1810","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lophotis gindiana","(Oustalet, 1881)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 5 p.164","Buff-crested Bustard","Buff-crested Bustard","Buff-crested Bustard",null,null,"southeastern South Sudan to eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia to northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and north-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691960","bucbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucbus1","avibase-968D57F9",null,null,"East Africa between Somaliland and Zanzibar.","Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Afrique orientale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98733#page/174/mode/1up","Eupodotis Gindiana"],["1811","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lophotis savilei","Lynes, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.51","Savile's Bustard","Savile's Bustard","Savile's Bustard",null,null,"southwestern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to Chad and central Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691955","savbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/savbus1","avibase-8F3D1E6F",null,null,"Nahud, western Kordofan.","Description of a new species of Pygmy Bustard from Western Kordofan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/81/mode/1up","Lophotis savilei"],["1812","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Afrotis","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.109",null,null,null,"2025-0685","<em>Eupodotis </em>is split into four polytypic genera based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Pitra et al. (2002) and Broders et al. (2003): <em>Lophotis; Eupodotis; Heterotetrax; </em>and <em>Afrotis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis afra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/121/mode/1up","Afrotis"],["1813","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Afrotis afra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155","Southern Black Korhaan","Black Bustard","Southern Black Bustard",null,null,"grassland of southwestern Africa (Cape Province)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691975","blabus3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabus3","avibase-C84BD649",null,null,"Ethiopia = Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Otis afra"],["1814","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Afrotis afraoides","(Smith, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.11","Northern Black Korhaan","White-quilled Bustard","Northern Black Bustard",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry grassland, Karoo, Kalahari sandveld, open savanna, and grassy dunes, from northern Namibia and northern Botswana southward to northern and central South Africa (southward to Northern Cape and Eastern Cape) and western Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691970","whqbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whqbus1","avibase-A6720AF5",null,null,"Flats near the Orange River.","Description of three species of the genus Otis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/25/mode/1up","Otis Afraoïdes"],["1815","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Afrotis afraoides etoschae","(Grote, 1922)","Journal für Ornithologie 70, no.1 p.41,42",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Namibia and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFD55417",null,null,"Okankwego, Ovampoland.","Ergänzungen zu Verbreitung und Vorkommen der Vögel in Sachsen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215787#page/53/mode/1up","Eupodotis afroides etoschae"],["1816","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Afrotis afraoides damarensis","Roberts, 1926","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 11, pt.4 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and central Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A301FFE4",null,null,"Omutako Flats, north of Okahandja, Damaraland.","Some changes in nomenclature, new records of migrants and new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_690","Afrotis afraoides damarensis"],["1817","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Afrotis afraoides afraoides","(Smith, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana to northeastern South Africa and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-911347E6",null,null,"Flats near the Orange River.","Description of three species of the genus Otis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/25/mode/1up","Otis Afraoïdes"],["1818","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lissotis","Reichenbach, 1848","Synopsis Avium 3 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis melanogaster [Rüppell, 1835]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 109).",null,null,null,"Lissotis"],["1819","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lissotis hartlaubii","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.10","Hartlaub's Bustard","Hartlaub's Bustard","Hartlaub's Bustard",null,null,"eastern Sudan to Ethiopia, Somalia, northeastern Uganda, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692011","harbus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harbus2","avibase-402E7401",null,null,"Eastern Sennaar.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/22/mode/1up","Otis Hartlaubii"],["1820","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lissotis melanogaster","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.16 pl.7","Black-bellied Bustard","Black-bellied Bustard","Black-bellied Bustard",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry grassland, Karoo, Kalahari sandveld, open savanna, and grassy dunes, from northern Namibia and northern Botswana southward to northern and central South Africa (south to Northern Cape and Eastern Cape) and western Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692007","bkbbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbbus1","avibase-562F4456",null,null,"Lake Tsana, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/96/mode/1up","Otis melanogaster"],["1821","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lissotis melanogaster melanogaster","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.16 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Ethiopia, southern Angola and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D56D7D3",null,null,"Lake Tsana, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/96/mode/1up","Otis melanogaster"],["1822","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Lissotis melanogaster notophila","Oberholser, 1905","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 28, no.1411 p.836",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Africa south of the Zambezi to western Zimbabwe and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E9A6E4C",null,null,"Durban, Natal, may be considered the type locality.'","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region, East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52788#page/932/mode/1up","Lissotis notophila"],["1823","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Houbaropsis","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.9 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otis bengalensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/76/mode/1up","Houbaropsis"],["1824","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Houbaropsis bengalensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.118","Bengal Florican","Bengal Florican","Bengal Florican",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland open grassland with scattered bush, and recently burnt or grazed grassland, from southern Nepal eastward to northeastern India, and in Cambodia; dispersive post-breeding; extirpated Bangladesh and southern Vietnam",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692015","benflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/benflo2","avibase-4E2CA7F7",null,null,"Bengal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/138/mode/1up","Charadrius Bengalensis"],["1825","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Houbaropsis bengalensis bengalensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland, patchily along border of southern Nepal with India, and to lowland northeastern India; formerly also Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6AF1E6D",null,null,"Bengal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/138/mode/1up","Charadrius Bengalensis"],["1826","subspecies","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Houbaropsis bengalensis blandini","Delacour, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Cambodia to Cochinchina and southwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65F9E1C5",null,null,"Su-Vu, Province of Soairieng, Cambodia.","Descriptions of three new races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/85/mode/1up","Houbaropsis bengalensis blandini"],["1827","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Sypheotides","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Otis aurita [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 64). = Otis indica J.F. Miller, 1782",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/55/mode/1up","Sypheotides"],["1828","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Sypheotides indicus","(Miller, 1782)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.6 pl.33","Lesser Florican","Lesser Florican","Lesser Florican",null,null,"locally in grassland of Indian subcontinent; now very local and rare",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692024","lesflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesflo2","avibase-FEA2C3CD",null,null,"India orientali [=India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/85/mode/1up","Otis indica"],["1829","genus","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Tetrax","Forster, 1817","A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.20",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Otis tetrax [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47775#page/32/mode/1up","Tetrax"],["1830","species","Otidiformes","Otididae","Bustards","Tetrax tetrax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154","Little Bustard","Little Bustard","Little Bustard",null,null,"breeds Morocco and southern Europe (possibly now extinct in Italy); Ukraine and southwestern Russia through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, far northern Iran, and far northwestern China; winters from Mediterranean zone through Türkiye and Caucasus to Iran, and erratically elsewhere in southern Asia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691896","litbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litbus1","avibase-56E3016D",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, France, apud Hartert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Otis Tetrax"],["1831","order","Cuculiformes",null,null,"Cuculiformes",null,null,"Cuckoos",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1832","family","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculidae",null,null,"Cuckoos","Cuckoos","Cuckoos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cuculi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cuculi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["1833","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Guira","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus guira [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/187/mode/1up","Guira"],["1834","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Guira guira","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.414","Guira Cuckoo","Guira Cuckoo","Guira Cuckoo",null,null,"northeastern Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684441","guicuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guicuc1","avibase-E565F8E6",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/426/mode/1up","Cuculus Guira"],["1835","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Crotophaga","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crotophaga ani [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Crotophaga"],["1836","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Crotophaga major","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.363","Greater Ani","Greater Ani","Greater Ani",null,null,"eastern Panama and South America including Trinidad, east of Andes to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684431","greani1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greani1","avibase-0DD11B75",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/375/mode/1up","Crotophaga major"],["1837","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Crotophaga ani","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105","Smooth-billed Ani","Smooth-billed Ani","Smooth-billed Ani",null,null,"West Indies, southeastern Mexico (Quintana Roo) and Costa Rica southward to western Ecuador and northern Argentina, also Galapagos (introduced); formerly southeastern USA (Florida, where now rare)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684434","smbani","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbani","avibase-469BC7B8",null,null,"America, Africa = Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Crotophaga Ani"],["1838","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Crotophaga sulcirostris","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440","Groove-billed Ani","Groove-billed Ani","Groove-billed Ani",null,null,"southern Baja California; southern Texas through Central and South America (including Curaçao and Trinidad) to northern Chile and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684438","grbani","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbani","avibase-C5B34740",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Crotophaga sulcirostris"],["1839","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Tapera","Thunberg, 1819","Göteborgs Kongliga Wettenskaps och Witterhets Samhällets Nya Handlingar 3 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tapera brasiliensis [Thunberg, 1819]; type by monotypy = Cuculus naevius Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,null,"Tapera"],["1840","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Tapera naevia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.170","Striped Cuckoo","Striped Cuckoo","Striped Cuckoo",null,null,"southern Veracruz (southeastern Mexico) southward to north-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684444","strcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strcuc1","avibase-505739E9",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/174/mode/1up","Cuculus naevius"],["1841","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dromococcyx","Wied-Neuwied, 1832","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 4, pt.1 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Macropus phasianellus [von Spix, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21140#page/367/mode/1up","Dromococcyx"],["1842","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dromococcyx phasianellus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.53, pl.42","Pheasant Cuckoo","Pheasant Cuckoo","Pheasant Cuckoo",null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico to Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684452","phecuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phecuc1","avibase-D3951510",null,null,"Tonantins, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/73/mode/1up","Macropus phasianellus"],["1843","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dromococcyx pavoninus","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.270","Pavonine Cuckoo","Pavonine Cuckoo","Pavonine Cuckoo",null,null,"tropical South America east of the Andes to northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684455","pavcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pavcuc1","avibase-489295C7",null,null,"Araguay, Engenho do Gama and Arimani, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/280/mode/1up","Dromococcyx pavoninus"],["1844","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Morococcyx","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.322",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coccyzus erythropygus [Lesson, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Morococcyx"],["1845","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Morococcyx erythropygus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.210","Lesser Ground Cuckoo","Lesser Ground-Cuckoo","Lesser Ground-cuckoo",null,null,"arid and thorny scrub, semiarid woodland, and savanna in the Pacific slope from northwestern Mexico (southern Sinaloa), southward to northwestern Costa Rica; in Honduras and Nicaragua northward along some valleys of the Caribbean basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684447","legcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/legcuc1","avibase-BE08306A",null,null,"San Carlos, Central America.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/220/mode/1up","Coccyzus erythropyga"],["1846","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Morococcyx erythropygus mexicanus","Ridgway, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (Sinaloa to Isthmus of Tehuántepec)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-068C8486",null,null,"Juchitan, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Descriptions of some new forms of American Cuckoos, Parrots, and Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/139/mode/1up","Morococcyx erythropygus mexicanus"],["1847","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Morococcyx erythropygus erythropygus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Isthmus of Tehuántepec to northern Costa Rica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5FA9B94",null,null,"San Carlos, Central America.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/220/mode/1up","Coccyzus erythropyga"],["1848","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Geococcyx","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.524",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Geococcyx variegata [Wagler, 1831]; type by monotypy = Saurothera californiana Lesson, 1829",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/288/mode/1up","Geococcyx"],["1849","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Geococcyx californianus","(Lesson, 1829)","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 6 p.420","Greater Roadrunner","Greater Roadrunner","Greater Roadrunner",null,null,"arid southwestern USA to southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684458","greroa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greroa","avibase-DB5DABCF",null,null,"California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103657#page/432/mode/1up","Saurothera californiana"],["1850","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Geococcyx velox","(Wagner, 1836)","Gelehrte Anzeigen München 3 col.96","Lesser Roadrunner","Lesser Roadrunner","Lesser Roadrunner",null,null,"arid western Mexico (east-central Sonora) southward in Pacific coast of Mexico, in east-central Veracruz, northwestern and north-central Yucatan Peninsula, and to northwestern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684461","lesroa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesroa1","avibase-531820DD",null,null,"Mexico = outskirts of Mexico City.",null,"https://archive.org/details/gelehrteanzeigen34bayeuoft/page/49/mode/1up","Cuculus velox"],["1851","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus","Gloger, 1827","Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde 16 col.278,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coccyzus geoffroyi [Temminck, 1820]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46990#page/155/mode/1up","Neomorphus"],["1852","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus rufipennis","(Gray, 1849)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.193 p.63 pl.10","Rufous-winged Ground Cuckoo","Rufous-winged Ground-Cuckoo","Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo",null,null,"southern Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684478","rwgcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rwgcuc1","avibase-712BCA85",null,null,"'Supposed to be a native of Mexico,' error = lower Orinoco River, Venezuela.","Description of a new species of the genus Cultrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/101/mode/1up","Cultrides rufipennis"],["1853","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus pucheranii","(Deville, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.211","Red-billed Ground Cuckoo","Red-billed Ground-Cuckoo","Red-billed Ground-cuckoo",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia, northeastern Peru (southward to northern Ucayali) and western Brazil, in Amazonas and Acre; possibly also in northeastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684483","rbgcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbgcuc1","avibase-CE4505F8",null,null,"L'Ucayale et l'Amazone [Río Yaguas, Peru].","Note sur quatre espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux provenant de l'expédition de M. Castelnau ; le Conurus Weddellii, C. jugularis, C. Luciani et Cultrides Pucheranii'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/227/mode/1up","Cultrides Pucheranii"],["1854","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus pucheranii pucheranii","(Deville, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Peru and western Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDC3D60D",null,null,"L'Ucayale et l'Amazone [Río Yaguas, Peru].","Note sur quatre espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux provenant de l'expédition de M. Castelnau ; le Conurus Weddellii, C. jugularis, C. Luciani et Cultrides Pucheranii'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/227/mode/1up","Cultrides Pucheranii"],["1855","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus pucheranii lepidophanes","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Peru and Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6940045B",null,null,"Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, Brazil.)","Four new birds from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/138/mode/1up","Neomorphus lepidophanes"],["1856","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus radiolosus","Sclater & Salvin, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.439 pl.27","Banded Ground Cuckoo","Banded Ground-Cuckoo","Banded Ground-cuckoo",null,null,"humid lowlands of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684473","bagcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bagcuc1","avibase-AD3195D1",null,null,"'Intaj' i.e. Intac, Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/535/mode/1up","Neomorphus radiolosus"],["1857","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus squamiger","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.112","Scaled Ground Cuckoo","Scaled Ground-Cuckoo",null,"2025-1027","Taxon <em>squamiger </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Neomorphus geoffroyi</em> (polytypic) based on consistent differences in plumage without evidence of intermediacy (Firme et al. 2014), supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson et al. 2003; Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005).","central Amazonian Brazil (south side of the Amazon River on both banks of the lower Rio Tapajós, eastward to the east bank of Rio Xingu, and southward to upper Tapajós drainage)",null,null,null,"scgcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scgcuc1","avibase-6B6C661C",null,null,"Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil.","Four new birds from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/138/mode/1up","Neomorphus squamiger"],["1858","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus geoffroyi","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.2, vol.3 pl.7","Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo","Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo",null,"2025-1027","Taxon <em>squamiger </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Neomorphus geoffroyi</em> (polytypic) based on consistent differences in plumage without evidence of intermediacy (Firme et al. 2014), supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson et al. 2003; Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005).","mature humid forest patchily from northern Nicaragua and adjacent Honduras southward to southern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and central to eastern Panama; in northwestern Colombia southward to northern Antioquia; the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (Loreto); also in southeastern Peru, southwestern Brazil (Acre, Rondônia, and southern Amazonas) and northwestern and northeastern Bolivia; in Brazil also in the eastern Amazon (eastern Pará, northern Maranhão, and Tocantins), and in interior and eastern Brazil (northern Bahia southward to Espírito Santo and southern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,"rvgcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rvgcuc1","avibase-28261C35",null,null,"No locality; Bahia suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 298; since the original description and plate do not agree with Bahia specimens, I designate the vicinity of the city of Pará, Brazil, as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/549/mode/1up","Coccyzus geoffroyi"],["1859","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus geoffroyi salvini","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.60 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands of southeastern Honduras and Nicaragua southward to west-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA558215",null,null,"Veraguas, Panama.","On a New American Cuckoo of the Genus Neomorphus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/92/mode/1up","Neomorphus salvini"],["1860","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus geoffroyi aequatorialis","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D28741F9",null,null,"Huilca, 4000 feet, eastern slope of the Eastern Andes, west of Macas, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Neomorphus salvini aequatorialis"],["1861","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus geoffroyi australis","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia, and probably western Amazonas and Rondônia (western Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C527382",null,null,"Huanay, 1500 feet, Río Mapiri, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Neomorphus geoffroyi australis"],["1862","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus geoffroyi amazonicus","Pinto, 1964","Ornitologia Brasiliense. Catálogo descritivo e ilustrado das aves do Brasil 1 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Amazonian Brazil south of Amazon (Rio Madeira eastward to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FDBC400",null,null,"Turiacu, northern Maranhão, Brazil",null,null,"Neomorphus geoffroyi amazonicus"],["1863","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus geoffroyi geoffroyi","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.2, vol.3 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4934B07B",null,null,"No locality; Bahia suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 298; since the original description and plate do not agree with Bahia specimens, I designate the vicinity of the city of Pará, Brazil, as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/549/mode/1up","Coccyzus geoffroyi"],["1864","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Neomorphus geoffroyi dulcis","Snethlage, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and eastern Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FFA8802",null,null,"Lagoa Juparanã, Fazenda Santa Ana, Espírito Santo, Brazil.","Ein neuer Cuculide aus Südbrasilien.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0080-0082.pdf","Neomorphus dulcis"],["1865","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Carpococcyx","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Calobates radiceus [Temminck, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/70/mode/1up","Carpococcyx"],["1866","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Carpococcyx viridis","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.187","Sumatran Ground Cuckoo","Sumatran Ground-Cuckoo","Sumatran Ground-cuckoo",null,null,"lowlands and foothills of southwestern Sumatra (Basiran Mountains)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724459","sugcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sugcuc1","avibase-64A8C1C5",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, eastern Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/193/mode/1up","Carpococcyx viridis"],["1867","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Carpococcyx radiceus","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.91, vol.3 pl.538","Bornean Ground Cuckoo","Bornean Ground-Cuckoo","Bornean Ground-cuckoo",null,null,"Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684132","bogcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bogcuc1","avibase-24128162",null,null,"Pontianak district, western Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/559/mode/1up","Calobates radiceus"],["1868","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Carpococcyx renauldi","Oustalet, 1896","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2, no.7 p.314","Coral-billed Ground Cuckoo","Coral-billed Ground-Cuckoo","Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo",null,null,"southeastern Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684138","cbgcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbgcuc1","avibase-15594C17",null,null,"Province of Quang-tri, Annam.","Description de cinq espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux appartenant au Muséum d'histoire naturelle et provenant de la Chine et de l'Indo-Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137047#page/324/mode/1up","Carpococcyx Renauldi"],["1869","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua","Schinz, 1821","Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier (...). Aus dem Französischen frey übersetzt und mit vielen Zusätzen versehen. 1. Säugethiere und Vögel. 1 p.661",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus madagascariensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Cuculus gigas Boddaert, 1783",null,null,null,"Coua"],["1870","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua cristata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.171","Crested Coua","Crested Coua",null,"2025-1030","Taxon <em>pyropyga </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Coua cristata</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Plumage differences are few, obvious vocal differences are lacking, and reports of intergradation (e.g., Goodman 2013) are inconsistent; further research needed.","Madagascar (except central)",null,null,null,"crecou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crecou1","avibase-FCAB4323",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/175/mode/1up","Cuculus cristatus"],["1871","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua cristata cristata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Madagascar (southward in the west to Mahajanga, and in the east to near Farafanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-605D8FD0",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/175/mode/1up","Cuculus cristatus"],["1872","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua cristata dumonti","Delacour, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.) 1 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Madagascar (Mahajanga to southward to Morondava), broadly intergrading with pyropyga between the Tsiribihina and Mangoky rivers)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5068BF2C",null,null,"Tsiandro, Antzingy, Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/495/mode/1up","Coua cristata dumonti"],["1873","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua cristata pyropyga","Grandidier, 1867","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.86,392",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southern Madagascar (from the Mangoky River and Morondava eastward to just west of Tolagnaro in the western slopes of the Anosyenne Mountains and southeast along the coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BE9C6C1",null,null,"Southwestern coast of Madagascar.","Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux découverts à Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/92/mode/1up","Coua pyropyga"],["1874","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua cristata maxima","Milon, 1950","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ser.2, vol.22, no.1 p.65-66",null,null,null,null,null,"status uncertain; known from a single specimen from southeastern Madagascar (Tolagnaro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDD6BF9C",null,null,"Fort Dauphin, southeastern Madagascar","Description d'une sous-espèce nouvelle d'Oiseau de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237339#page/67/mode/1up","Coua cristata maxima"],["1875","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua caerulea","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.171","Blue Coua","Blue Coua","Blue Coua",null,null,"rainforest of northwestern and eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684188","blucou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blucou1","avibase-B569EDF7",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/175/mode/1up","Cuculus caeruleus"],["1876","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua verreauxi","Grandidier, 1867","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.86,417","Verreaux's Coua","Verreaux's Coua","Verreaux's Coua",null,null,"locally in subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684184","vercou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vercou1","avibase-BD0EDFE1",null,null,"Cape Sainte Marie, Madagascar.","Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux découverts à Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/92/mode/1up","Coua Verreauxi"],["1877","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua ruficeps","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.454 pl.CXV","Red-capped Coua","Red-capped Coua","Red-capped Coua","2025-1029","Taxon <em>olivaceiceps </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Coua ruficeps</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Dowsett-Lemaire 2004). Although reports of a broad zone of intergradation have not been substantiated, further research, including genetic analyses and playback experiments, would be informative.","lowlands of northwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725437","reccou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccou2","avibase-7F73F191",null,null,"Madagascar and the eastern side of Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/333/mode/1up","Coua ruficeps"],["1878","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua olivaceiceps","(Sharpe, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.615","Olive-capped Coua","Olive-capped Coua","Olive-capped Coua","2025-1029","Taxon <em>olivaceiceps </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Coua ruficeps</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Dowsett-Lemaire 2004). Although reports of a broad zone of intergradation have not been substantiated, further research, including genetic analyses and playback experiments, would be informative.","lowlands of southwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725447","reccou3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccou3","avibase-9547E39A",null,null,"Southwestern Madagascar.","On the Cuculidae of the Ethiopian Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/743/mode/1up","Sericosomus olivaceiceps"],["1879","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua reynaudii","Pucheran, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.51","Red-fronted Coua","Red-fronted Coua","Red-fronted Coua",null,null,"humid forest of northern and eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684160","refcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refcou1","avibase-7B86087B",null,null,"Madagascar.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/59/mode/1up","Coua Reynaudii"],["1880","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua coquereli","Grandidier, 1867","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.86,391","Coquerel's Coua","Coquerel's Coua","Coquerel's Coua",null,null,"humid and dry deciduous forest of western Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684152","coqcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coqcou1","avibase-39649172",null,null,"Morondava, Madagascar.","Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux découverts à Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/92/mode/1up","Coua Coquereli"],["1881","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua cursor","Grandidier, 1867","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.86,391","Running Coua","Running Coua","Running Coua",null,null,"semiarid lowland forest of southwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684164","runcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runcou1","avibase-6643841C",null,null,"Cape Sainte Marie and Machikora, Madagascar.","Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux découverts à Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/92/mode/1up","Coua cursor"],["1882","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua gigas","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.50","Giant Coua","Giant Coua","Giant Coua",null,null,"thinly distributed in forest and savanna of western and southern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684148","giacou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giacou1","avibase-CAFE4C4C",null,null,"Madagascar, based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 815.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/72/mode/1up","Cuculus gigas"],["1883","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua delalandei","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.74, vol.3 pl.440","Snail-eating Coua","Snail-eating Coua","Snail-eating Coua",null,null,"formerly Madagascar; extinct, last reported 1834","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684143","snecou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snecou1","avibase-CBAC0BBC",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/553/mode/1up","Coccycus Delalandei"],["1884","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coua serriana","Pucheran, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.51","Red-breasted Coua","Red-breasted Coua","Red-breasted Coua",null,null,"humid forest of northeastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684156","rebcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebcou1","avibase-CC72DA7A",null,null,"Madagascar.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/59/mode/1up","Coua Serriana"],["1885","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.205",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus aegyptius [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 56).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/229/mode/1up","Centropus"],["1886","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus milo","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.136","Buff-headed Coucal","Buff-headed Coucal","Buff-headed Coucal",null,null,"west-central to south-central Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684192","buhcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buhcou1","avibase-DA9831A2",null,null,"Guadalcanal Solomon Islands.","[Descriptions of some Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray when attached as the naturalist of H.M. Surveying ship Rattlesnake during the Expedition commanded by Capt. Denham].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/174/mode/1up","Centropus Milo"],["1887","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus milo albidiventris","Rothschild, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, and Rendova (New Georgia group, west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B99AAE54",null,null,"Gizo, Solomon Islands.","On a new species of Centropus from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/543/mode/1up","Centropus albidiventris"],["1888","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus milo milo","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal and Florida Group (south-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BF0AB26",null,null,"Guadalcanal Solomon Islands.","[Descriptions of some Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray when attached as the naturalist of H.M. Surveying ship Rattlesnake during the Expedition commanded by Capt. Denham].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/174/mode/1up","Centropus Milo"],["1889","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus ateralbus","Lesson, 1826","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 8 sect.2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.113","White-necked Coucal","Pied Coucal","Pied Coucal",null,null,"New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684206","piecou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piecou1","avibase-AFAACBF6",null,null,"New Ireland.","92. Espèce nouvelle du sous-genre Coucal (Centropus Illig.). Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25871#page/125/mode/1up","Centropus ateralbus"],["1890","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus chalybeus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.915","Biak Coucal","Biak Coucal","Biak Coucal",null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684219","biacou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biacou1","avibase-2FC6E4CC",null,null,"Korido, Misore Island [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/921/mode/1up","Nesocentor chalybeus"],["1891","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus menbeki","Lesson & Garnot, 1828","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 livr.6 pl.33","Ivory-billed Coucal","Ivory-billed Coucal","Ivory-billed Coucal",null,null,"New Guinea and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684202","grbcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbcou1","avibase-741223A5",null,null,"New Guinea = Dorey [now Manokwari].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/79/mode/1up","Centropus Menbeki"],["1892","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus menbeki menbeki","Lesson & Garnot, 1828","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 livr.6 pl.33",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Raja Ampat Islands and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49CFB8F7",null,null,"New Guinea = Dorey [now Manokwari].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/79/mode/1up","Centropus Menbeki"],["1893","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus menbeki aruensis","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-828871E6",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/331/mode/1up","Nesocentor aruensis"],["1894","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus unirufus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.118,note","Rufous Coucal","Rufous Coucal","Rufous Coucal",null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, and Catanduanes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684306","rufcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcou1","avibase-8AA36B21",null,null,"Philippines i.e., Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/124/mode/1up","Pyrrhocentor unirufus"],["1895","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus chlororhynchos","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.805","Green-billed Coucal","Green-billed Coucal","Green-billed Coucal",null,null,"locally in wet zone of southwestern Sri Lanka",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684257","grbcou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbcou2","avibase-F1F1A913",null,null,"Ceylon.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/169/mode/1up","Centropus chlororhynchos"],["1896","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus melanops","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.137","Black-faced Coucal","Black-faced Coucal","Black-faced Coucal",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684300","blfcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfcou1","avibase-E0882F01",null,null,"Java, error = Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/175/mode/1up","Centropus melanops"],["1897","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus rectunguis","Strickland, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.165 p.104","Short-toed Coucal","Short-toed Coucal","Short-toed Coucal",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684222","shtcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtcou1","avibase-B4E9B5B6",null,null,"Malacca.","Notes on certain species of birds from Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/472/mode/1up","Centropus rectunguis"],["1898","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus steerii","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.14","Black-hooded Coucal","Black-hooded Coucal","Black-hooded Coucal",null,null,"forest of Mindoro (north-central Philippines)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684225","blhcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhcou1","avibase-7F4345B1",null,null,"Mindoro, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/18/mode/1up","Centropus steerii"],["1899","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus celebensis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.230 AtlasOis. pl.20","Bay Coucal","Bay Coucal","Bay Coucal",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684303","baycou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baycou1","avibase-A3CDA02C",null,null,"Manado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/287/mode/1up","Centropus celebensis"],["1900","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus celebensis celebensis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.230 AtlasOis. pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi and Togian Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-816E58DD",null,null,"Manado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/287/mode/1up","Centropus celebensis"],["1901","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus celebensis rufescens","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.2 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Sulawesi, Labuan Blanda, Muna, and Buton islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B4CAA4B",null,null,"East Peninsula of Celebes, type from Tonkean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/45/mode/1up","Pyrrhocentor celebensis rufescens"],["1902","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus anselli","Sharpe, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.2 p.204 pl.33,fig.1","Gabon Coucal","Gabon Coucal","Gabon Coucal",null,null,"lowland swamps from southern Cameroon to northwestern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684266","gabcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabcou1","avibase-120AEEC0",null,null,"Danger River, Gaboon.","Description of two new Species of Birds from Gaboon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/296/mode/1up","Centropus anselli"],["1903","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus leucogaster","(Leach, 1814)","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 1 p.117, pl.52","Black-throated Coucal","Black-throated Coucal","Black-throated Coucal",null,null,"lowland undergrowth and secondary growth in forest, riparian thickets, dense grass, and swamp edge, disjunctly from southern Senegal and Guinea-Bissau eastward to western Cameroon and southward to western Gabon, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684260","bltcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltcou1","avibase-A0CB9C06",null,null,"New Holland, error = Gold Coast Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91180#page/227/mode/1up","Polophilus leucogaster"],["1904","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus leucogaster leucogaster","(Leach, 1814)","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 1 p.117, pl.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Senegal and Guinea-Bissau to southeastern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DED1343D",null,null,"New Holland, error = Gold Coast Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91180#page/227/mode/1up","Polophilus leucogaster"],["1905","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus leucogaster efulenensis","Sharpe, 1904","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.16 p.615",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Cameroon and northern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F49BF185",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/681/mode/1up","Centropus efulenensis"],["1906","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus leucogaster neumanni","Alexander, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3499657F",null,null,"Angu, Uelle district, Belgian Congo.","Description of a new species of Lark-heeled Cuckoo from the River Welle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/104/mode/1up","Centropus neumanni"],["1907","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.169","Senegal Coucal","Senegal Coucal","Senegal Coucal",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill coarse grass, woodland and riverine thickets, scrub, and parks and gardens, of the Nile River delta of Egypt, and from Senegambia eastward to western Ethiopia and western Somalia, southward to northern Angola and western Kenya, and from southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and central Tanzania southward to northeastern Namibia and far northeastern South Africa; some local movements in populations of arid areas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684284","sencou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sencou1","avibase-4A83155B",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/173/mode/1up","Cuculus senegalensis"],["1908","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus senegalensis aegyptius","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Egypt (Nile River to El Minya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C19D01B8",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/432/mode/1up","Cuculus aegyptius"],["1909","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus senegalensis senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Somalia and southward to Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAB9EBD9",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/173/mode/1up","Cuculus senegalensis"],["1910","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus senegalensis flecki","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.5 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to northern Botswana, Zambia, Malawi, and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9409C235",null,null,"Nukana, on the Okovango River, Bechuanaland.","Centropus flecki n. sp. von Damaraland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/98/mode/1up","Centropus flecki"],["1911","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus monachus","Rüppell, 1837","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.57 pl.21 fig.2","Blue-headed Coucal","Blue-headed Coucal","Blue-headed Coucal",null,null,"lowland and foothill marsh, papyrus swamps, riverine thickets, and savanna near water, from Guinea eastward through northeastern Nigeria and adjacent Chad to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to northern Angola, central Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684276","blhcou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhcou2","avibase-7C879D6D",null,null,"Kulla, northern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/137/mode/1up","Centropus monachus"],["1912","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus monachus occidentalis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Ivory Coast eastward to southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and northern Angola; populations of the western and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo variously attributed to occidentalis or to fisheri",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2814804",null,null,"Ombrokua (Ugoma), Ogowe River, Gaboon.","Description of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/103/mode/1up","Centropus monachus occidentalis"],["1913","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus monachus fischeri","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan and South Sudan to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5803B440",null,null,"Niakatshi and Kiniamongo, east of Lake Victoria.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/69/mode/1up","Centropus Fischeri"],["1914","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus monachus monachus","Rüppell, 1837","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.57 pl.21 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and Ethiopia to central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2405BACC",null,null,"Kulla, northern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/137/mode/1up","Centropus monachus"],["1915","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus cupreicaudus","Reichenow, 1896","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.53","Coppery-tailed Coucal","Coppery-tailed Coucal","Coppery-tailed Coucal",null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684280","cotcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cotcou1","avibase-DD7B1DD7",null,null,"Okawangoland and Angola.","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Kukuke.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/69/mode/1up","Centropus cupreicaudus"],["1916","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus cupreicaudus songweensis","Benson, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.7 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E760CAB",null,null,"lower reaches of Songwe River, Tanganyika Territory - Nyasaland boundary","A new Race of Coucal from Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/167/mode/1up","Centropus monachus songweensis"],["1917","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus cupreicaudus cupreicaudus","Reichenow, 1896","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, northern Botswana, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Tanzania and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26C5A6D0",null,null,"Okawangoland and Angola.","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Kukuke.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/69/mode/1up","Centropus cupreicaudus"],["1918","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus superciliosus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.r p.37,footnote","White-browed Coucal","White-browed Coucal",null,"2025-1020","Taxon <em>burchellii </em>(polytypic, including <em>fasciipygialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Centropus superciliosus</em> based on plumage differences, supported by limited hybridization in areas of contact (Harrison et al. 1997). However, ecological and vocal differences have not been documented, suggesting further research is warranted.","lowland and foothill marsh, riverine thickets, and tall grass, of southwestern Arabian Peninsula and Socotra, and from Nile Valley of central Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia southward through Tanzania and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western and southern Angola, northeastern Namibia and northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,"whbcou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcou2","avibase-4B2A7A35",null,null,"Arabia and Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/47/mode/1up","Centropus superciliosus"],["1919","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus superciliosus superciliosus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.r p.37,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan to Ethiopia, western and central Somalia, Kenya, northeastern Uganda, and northeastern Tanzania; also southwestern Arabia and Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-845C5985",null,null,"Arabia and Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/47/mode/1up","Centropus superciliosus"],["1920","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus superciliosus loandae","Grant, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda to southwestern Kenya, northern Zimbabwe, Zambia, Botswana, and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBA284B8",null,null,"Near N'Dalla Tando, Angola.","Description of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/84/mode/1up","Centropus superciliosus loandae"],["1921","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus burchellii","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.321","Burchell's Coucal","Burchell's Coucal",null,"2025-1020","Taxon <em>burchellii </em>(polytypic, including <em>fasciipygialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Centropus superciliosus</em> based on plumage differences, supported by limited hybridization in areas of contact (Harrison et al. 1997). However, ecological and vocal differences have not been documented, suggesting further research is warranted.","lowland and foothill riverine thickets, marsh, dense bush, and wooded edge to grassland, from southeastern Tanzania, including Mafia Island, southward through Mozambique and Zambezi River corridor to eastern Botswana and southern South Africa",null,null,null,"whbcou3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcou3","avibase-6C342FFF",null,null,"South Africa, i.e. Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/333/mode/1up","Centropus Burchellii"],["1922","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus burchellii fasciipygialis","Reichenow, 1898","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.23.",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania to eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD2F1967",null,null,"Quilimane,Lindi and Mozambique","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/37/mode/1up","Centropus fasciipygialis"],["1923","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus burchellii burchellii","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi, southern Zambia, southern Zimbabwe, eastern Botswana, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72418037",null,null,"South Africa, i.e. Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/333/mode/1up","Centropus Burchellii"],["1924","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus nigrorufus","(Cuvier, 1816)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.426,note","Sunda Coucal","Sunda Coucal","Javan Coucal",null,null,"lowlands of Java",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684236","suncou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suncou1","avibase-F592E384",null,null,"Java. Based entirely on Levaillant, p. 220.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/468/mode/1up","Cuculus nigrorufus"],["1925","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus andamanensis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.321","Andaman Coucal","Andaman Coucal","Andaman Coucal",null,null,"Andaman Islands and adjacent Table, Great and Little Coco islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684232","andcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andcou1","avibase-FB6D6920",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/349/mode/1up","Centropus andamanensis"],["1926","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus sinensis","(Stephens, 1815)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.51","Greater Coucal","Greater Coucal","Greater Coucal",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, swamps, thickets, bamboo scrub, and mangroves, from eastern Pakistan and India eastward to southern China, and southward through Sri Lanka, southeastern Asia, Palawan (Philippines), Borneo, and Sumatra, to Java, Bali, and Kangean (western Indonesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684229","grecou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grecou1","avibase-F5F991AC",null,null,"'Said to inhabit China' = Ning Po, China, by designation of Stresemann, antea, p. 321.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/99/mode/1up","Polophilus sinensis"],["1927","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus sinensis sinensis","(Stephens, 1815)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan through northern plains of India and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C094F7DA",null,null,"'Said to inhabit China' = Ning Po, China, by designation of Stresemann, antea, p. 321.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/99/mode/1up","Polophilus sinensis"],["1928","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus sinensis parroti","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-675FC3C7",null,null,"Ceylon.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/343/mode/1up","Centropus sinensis parroti"],["1929","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus sinensis intermedius","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.454",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangladesh to Myanmar, southern Thailand, Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55FC3A91",null,null,"Dhoon, Dacca and Thayetmyo.","Acheen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/482/mode/1up","Centrococcyx intermedius"],["1930","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus sinensis bubutus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Greater Sundas and adjacent islands to southwestern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BE38474",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/199/mode/1up","Centropus Bubutus"],["1931","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus sinensis anonymus","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan and Sulu Archipelago (Jolo, Tawitawi, and Sanga Sanga; southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F17AD77",null,null,"Tawi Tawi, Philippine Islands.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/343/mode/1up","Centropus sinensis anonymous"],["1932","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus sinensis kangeangensis","Vorderman, 1893","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 52 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0CEE2C4",null,null,"Kangean Islands.","Bijdrage Tot De Kennis Der Vogels Van Den Kangean-Archipel","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122295#page/234/mode/1up","Centropus kangeanensis"],["1933","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus goliath","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.108","Goliath Coucal","Goliath Coucal","Goliath Coucal",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Tidore, and Bacan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684195","golcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golcou1","avibase-27F3C2C3",null,null,"Gilolo (=Halmahera).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/184/mode/1up","Centropus goliath"],["1934","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus toulou","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.90","Malagasy Coucal","Malagasy Coucal","Malagasy Coucal",null,null,"Aldabra group (southwestern Seychelles) and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684243","madcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madcou1","avibase-6F7BCBE5",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/110/mode/1up","Cuculus Toulou"],["1935","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus toulou toulou","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB1C8CB4",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/110/mode/1up","Cuculus Toulou"],["1936","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus toulou insularis","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1008 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BEB954D",null,null,"Aldabra Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/411/mode/1up","Centropus insularis"],["1937","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus toulou assumptionis","Nicoll, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Assumption Island; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA121758",null,null,"Assumption Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/131/mode/1up","Centropus assumptionis"],["1938","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus grillii","Hartlaub, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.13","Black Coucal","Black Coucal","Black Coucal",null,null,"intra-African migrant south of the Sahara",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684249","blacou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacou1","avibase-DB09507D",null,null,"Gaboon.","Ueber einige neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/27/mode/1up","Centropus Grillii"],["1939","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus viridis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89","Philippine Coucal","Philippine Coucal","Philippine Coucal",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and southern Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684240","phicou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phicou1","avibase-AA694535",null,null,"Antigua, Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Cuculus viridis"],["1940","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus viridis major","Parkes & Niles, 1988","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108 p.193 [193-194]",null,null,null,null,null,"Babuyanes Islands (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E70334A6",null,null,"Fuga Island (200 ft.), Babuyanes group, Philippines","Notes on Philippine birds, 12. An undescribed subspecies of Centropus viridis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/465/mode/1up","Centropus viridis major"],["1941","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus viridis viridis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"widespread throughout Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F7D891E",null,null,"Antigua, Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Cuculus viridis"],["1942","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus viridis mindorensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Philippines (Mindoro and Semirara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A458296",null,null,"No locality = Calapan, Mindoro, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/16/mode/1up","Centrococcyx Mindorensis"],["1943","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus viridis carpenteri","Mearns, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Philippines (Batanes Islands of Batan, Ivojos, and Sabtang), north of Luzon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CC9DACC",null,null,"Foothills of Mt. Irada, Batan Island, Philippines.","Descriptions of a new genus and nine new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/482/mode/1up","Centropus carpenteri"],["1944","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bengalensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.412","Lesser Coucal","Lesser Coucal","Lesser Coucal",null,null,"lowland to submontane tall grass and reedbed, marsh, bamboo thickets, open-country scrub, and cultivation, in southwestern India, and from northwestern India eastward to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward through Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684254","lescou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lescou1","avibase-FD7D022A",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/424/mode/1up","Cuculus bengalensis"],["1945","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bengalensis bengalensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"India and Nepal to Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF73D12F",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/424/mode/1up","Cuculus bengalensis"],["1946","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bengalensis lignator","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.9 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0414A08D",null,null,"Kelung on Formosa; Amoy; Hongkong.","Notes on the Ornithology of Hongkong, Macao, and Canton, made during the latter end of February, March, April, and the beginning of May, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/72/mode/1up","Centropus lignator"],["1947","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bengalensis javanensis","Dumont, 1818","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 11 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and its southeastern satellite islands, Java, and Borneo, and Palawan and Sulu Islands (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33CF1CB1",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/74435#page/150/mode/1up","Centropus javanensis"],["1948","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bengalensis philippinensis","Mees, 1971","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 45 p.189-191",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan and Sulu Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E9D9040",null,null,"Philippines, Mindoro, Calapan","The Philippine subspecies of Centrocercus bengalensis (Gmelin) (Aves: Cuculidae).","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150535","Centropus bengalensis philippinensis"],["1949","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum","Stresemann, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C326B41B",null,null,"Lesser Sunda Islands and Celebes.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/358/mode/1up","Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum"],["1950","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bengalensis medius","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas (Indonesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D94D4B3F",null,null,"Amboina; Java, restricted to Amboina by Stresemann, antea, p. 339.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/184/mode/1up","Centropus medius"],["1951","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus violaceus","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.229","Violaceous Coucal","Violaceous Coucal","Violaceous Coucal",null,null,"New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684198","viocou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viocou1","avibase-C6B5882B",null,null,"Carteret Harbor, New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/287/mode/1up","Centropus violaceus"],["1952","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus bernsteini","Schlegel, 1866","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.251","Black-billed Coucal","Black-billed Coucal","Black-billed Coucal",null,null,"New Guinea including Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands) and Manam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684215","lebcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lebcou1","avibase-D4162FE4",null,null,"Salawati and the opposite coast of New Guinea = New Guinea; the species is not known to occur on Salawati.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/265/mode/1up","Centropus Bernsteini"],["1953","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxx","Pheasant Coucal","Pheasant Coucal",null,"2025-1031a, 2025-1031b","2025-1031a)) Taxon <em>spilopterus</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Centropus phasianinus</em> based on available evidence. Despite obvious differences in plumage, vocalizations are similar, and mitochondrial DNA divergence is shallow (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005). Furthermore, the extent of melanization varies within <em>C. phasianinus</em>, with the plumage of <em>spilopterus</em> being at the dark extreme; further research needed. 2025-1031b)) Taxon <em>mui</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Centropus phasianinus</em> based on the lack of known vocal differentiation and possibility that the strong plumage differences (Eaton et al. 2016) are based on a simple shift in melanization.","lowland tall grassland, swamps, thickets, and mangroves, from Timor-Leste, Kai Islands (Indonesia), and New Guinea lowlands, southward to northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"phecou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phecou2","avibase-1C899F95",null,null,"New Holland, restricted to New South Wales by Gould, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/36/mode/1up","Cuculus phasianinus"],["1954","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus mui","Mason & McKean, 1984","The Emu 84 p.1-15",null,null,null,"2025-1031b","Taxon <em>mui</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Centropus phasianinus</em> based on the lack of known vocal differentiation and possibility that the strong plumage differences (Eaton et al. 2016) are based on a simple shift in melanization.","Timor Leste (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0363F81A",null,null,"Los Palos Swamp, eastern Timor","Geographical variation in the pheasant coucal Centropus phasianinus (Latham) and a description of a new subspecies from Timor.",null,"Centropus phasianinus mui"],["1955","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus spilopterus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.184",null,null,null,"2025-1031a","Taxon <em>spilopterus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Centropus phasianinus</em> based on available evidence. Despite obvious differences in plumage, vocalizations are similar, and mitochondrial DNA divergence is shallow (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005). Furthermore, the extent of melanization varies within <em>C. phasianinus,</em> with the plumage of <em>spilopterus </em>being at the dark extreme; further research needed.","Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EDD1757",null,null,"Kei Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/250/mode/1up","Centropus spilopterus"],["1956","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus propinquus","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.939 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D43EAE0",null,null,"Ifar, Sentani Lake, New Guinea.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 35, Notes on New Guinea birds. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3848/","Centropus phasianinus propinquus"],["1957","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus nigricans","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and Yule Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A507FA3",null,null,"Yule Island and Naiabui, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/23/mode/1up","Polophilus nigricans"],["1958","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus thierfelderi","Stresemann, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (northern Torres Strait Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8853FCF5",null,null,"Merauke, New Guinea.","Centropus phasianus thierfelderi subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0109-0119.pdf#page=3","Centropus phasianus thierfelderi"],["1959","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus melanurus","Gould, 1847","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.29) text to pl.92",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley regions, northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAC18C48",null,null,"North-Western Australia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/381/mode/1up","Centropus melanurus"],["1960","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Centropus phasianinus phasianinus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxx",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (southern Torres Strait islands and Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, to northern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46C1222A",null,null,"New Holland, restricted to New South Wales by Gould, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/36/mode/1up","Cuculus phasianinus"],["1961","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Rhinortha","Vigors, 1830","Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (etc.) p.671",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus chlorophaeus [Raffles, 1822]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Rhinortha"],["1962","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Rhinortha chlorophaea","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.288","Raffles's Malkoha","Raffles's Malkoha","Raffles's Malkoha",null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand, the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684107","rafmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rafmal1","avibase-75CE1C40",null,null,"Forests of Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/320/mode/1up","Cuculus chlorophaeus"],["1963","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Ceuthmochares","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus aereus [Vieillot, 1817]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/66/mode/1up","Ceuthmochares"],["1964","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Ceuthmochares australis","Sharpe, 1873","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.609","Green Malkoha","Green Malkoha","Whistling Yellowbill",null,null,"Ethiopia to Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725637","yellow6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yellow6","avibase-3A46A20C",null,null,"Natal.","On the Cuculidae of the Ethiopian Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/737/mode/1up","Ceuthmochares australis"],["1965","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Ceuthmochares aereus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.229","Blue Malkoha","Blue Malkoha","Chattering Yellowbill",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, secondary and riverine forest, thickets, and coastal scrub, from Senegambia eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and eastern Tanzania; some intra-African migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725623","yellow5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yellow5","avibase-E0D521B7",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/247/mode/1up","Cuculus aereus"],["1966","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Ceuthmochares aereus flavirostris","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia to Nigeria (west of the Niger River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30EAE2F0",null,null,"West Africa = Senegal apud Grant 1915.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/219/mode/1up","Zanclostomus flavirostris"],["1967","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Ceuthmochares aereus aereus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria and Bioko Island to South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Kenya, Angola, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CEAA570",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/247/mode/1up","Cuculus aereus"],["1968","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Taccocua","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Taccocua leschenaultii [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/181/mode/1up","Taccocua"],["1969","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Taccocua leschenaultii","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.144","Sirkeer Malkoha","Sirkeer Malkoha","Sirkeer Malkoha",null,null,"dry forest, thorn scrub, and rocky slopes from the Indus River basin in northern and southeastern Pakistan eastward across the sub-Himalayan Indian Subcontinent to southeastern Nepal and southern West Bengal, southward across Indian Peninsula (except southwestern) to Sri Lanka (except wet zone)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684104","sirmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sirmal1","avibase-4D3AFA75",null,null,"India = Madras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/182/mode/1up","Taccocua Leschenaultii"],["1970","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Taccocua leschenaultii sirkee","(Gray, 1831)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.6 pl.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E70049FF",null,null,"No locality = Cawnpore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/69/mode/1up","Centropus sirkee"],["1971","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Taccocua leschenaultii infuscata","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Himalayas (Uttarakhand to Nepal and West Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-829A3D70",null,null,"Sub-Himalayan region; type from the Terai region near Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/368/mode/1up","Taccocua infuscata"],["1972","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Taccocua leschenaultii leschenaultii","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-575DC06C",null,null,"India = Madras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/182/mode/1up","Taccocua Leschenaultii"],["1973","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Zanclostomus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phoenicophaus javanicus [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/347/mode/1up","Zanclostomus"],["1974","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Zanclostomus javanicus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.178","Red-billed Malkoha","Red-billed Malkoha","Red-billed Malkoha",null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and Natuna Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684110","rebmal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebmal2","avibase-AD32C303",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/197/mode/1up","Phoenicophaus Javanicus"],["1975","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Zanclostomus javanicus pallidus","Robinson & Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 pt3 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas except Java, and including Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5BFFA5B",null,null,"Kedah Peak, 2500-3500 feet, Malay States.","Nine new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/219/mode/1up","Zanclostomus javanicus pallidus"],["1976","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Zanclostomus javanicus javanicus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB9DD404",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/197/mode/1up","Phoenicophaus Javanicus"],["1977","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus","Stephens, 1815","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt.1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus pyrrhocephalus [Pennant, 1769]; type by subsequent designation (Peters, 1940, Check-list of Birds of the World, 4, p. 56).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/108/mode/1up","Phaenicophaeus"],["1978","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus oeneicaudus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.357","Mentawai Malkoha","Mentawai Malkoha","Mentawai Malkoha","2025-1028","Taxon <em>oeneicaudus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Phaenicophaeus curvirostris</em> based on plumage differences (Eaton et al. 2016) commensurate with species status in other members of this complex.","Mentawai Islands (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725431","chbmal3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbmal3","avibase-C3BD8307",null,null,"Ceylon, error = Mentawi Islands, cf. Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1894, p. 590.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/361/mode/1up","Phaenicophaeus oeneicaudus"],["1979","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus curvirostris","(Shaw, 1810)","The naturalist's miscellany 21, no.8 pl.905,text","Chestnut-breasted Malkoha","Chestnut-breasted Malkoha","Chestnut-breasted Malkoha","2025-1028","Taxon <em>oeneicaudus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Phaenicophaeus curvirostris</em> based on plumage differences (Eaton et al. 2016) commensurate with species status in other members of this complex.","southern Myanmar (Tenasserim), through the Malayan Peninsula including Singapore, and on Sumatra and Bangka, Java, Bali, Borneo, and the Palawan group in the southwestern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725423","chbmal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbmal2","avibase-529F2C76",null,null,"'Probably a native of India' = western Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125743#page/175/mode/1up","Cuculus curvirostris"],["1980","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus curvirostris singularis","(Parrot, 1907)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1907 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BA7D3AD",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124657#page/222/mode/1up","Rhamphococcyx curvirostris singularis"],["1981","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus curvirostris curvirostris","(Shaw, 1810)","The naturalist's miscellany 21, no.8 pl.905,text",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABE1621C",null,null,"'Probably a native of India' = western Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125743#page/175/mode/1up","Cuculus curvirostris"],["1982","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus curvirostris deningeri","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F38A9E2",null,null,"Tegal, 1500 feet, Bali.","Die Vögel von Bali. Aus den zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/367/mode/1up","Phoenicophaes curvirostris deningeri"],["1983","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus curvirostris microrhinus","Berlepsch, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EB04509",null,null,"Mt. Kalulong and Barau River, Mount Kina Balu, Borneo [=Sabah, Malaysia]","Description of two new species of the genera Phoenicophaes and Spilornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/94/mode/1up","Phoenicophaes microrhinus"],["1984","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus curvirostris harringtoni","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.321 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Busuanga, Culion, and Calauit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7ED2ECD",null,null,"Balabac, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/443/mode/1up","Dryococcyx Harringtoni"],["1985","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus sumatranus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.287","Chestnut-bellied Malkoha","Chestnut-bellied Malkoha","Chestnut-bellied Malkoha",null,null,"southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684095","chbmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbmal1","avibase-104B295D",null,null,"Hills of Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/319/mode/1up","Cuculus Sumatranus"],["1986","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.6 pl.6","Red-faced Malkoha","Red-faced Malkoha","Red-faced Malkoha",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684123","refmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refmal1","avibase-E868D55C",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/12/mode/1up","Cuculus pyrrhocephalus"],["1987","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus viridirostris","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.27 p.223","Blue-faced Malkoha","Blue-faced Malkoha","Blue-faced Malkoha",null,null,"southern Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684101","blfmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfmal1","avibase-6E40B45B",null,null,"Bottom of the Coonoor Pass.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/283/mode/1up","Zanclostomus viridirostris"],["1988","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus tristis","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.132","Green-billed Malkoha","Green-billed Malkoha","Green-billed Malkoha",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, second growth, and bamboo thickets, from northwestern India (eastward from southern Uttarakhand) to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Kangean (western Indonesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684098","grbmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbmal1","avibase-147BEFCD",null,null,"Sumatra, error = Bengal, type locality selected by Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1919, p. 427.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/170/mode/1up","Melias tristis"],["1989","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus tristis tristis","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India from about Uttarakhand eastward through Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F33830C2",null,null,"Sumatra, error = Bengal, type locality selected by Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1919, p. 427.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/170/mode/1up","Melias tristis"],["1990","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus tristis kangeangensis","(Vorderman, 1893)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 52 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6CA8D44",null,null,"Kangean Island.","Bijdrage Tot De Kennis Der Vogels Van Den Kangean-Archipel","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122295#page/232/mode/1up","Rhopodytes kangeangensis"],["1991","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus diardi","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.132","Black-bellied Malkoha","Black-bellied Malkoha","Black-bellied Malkoha",null,null,"tropical rainforest, swamp forest, and bamboo stands in the southern Malayan Peninsula from southernmost Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684092","blbmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbmal1","avibase-FCE039DC",null,null,"Java, error = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/170/mode/1up","Melias Diardi"],["1992","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus diardi diardi","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7609202F",null,null,"Java, error = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/170/mode/1up","Melias Diardi"],["1993","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Phaenicophaeus diardi borneensis","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.5 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-715930B7",null,null,"Sarawak, Borneo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94506#page/152/mode/1up","Rhopodytes borneensis"],["1994","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Rhamphococcyx","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus [Temminck, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 40, p. 605).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/71/mode/1up","Rhamphococcyx"],["1995","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.59, vol.3 pl.349","Yellow-billed Malkoha","Yellow-billed Malkoha","Yellow-billed Malkoha",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684113","yebmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebmal1","avibase-A515DB77",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/563/mode/1up","Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus"],["1996","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus calyorhynchus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.59, vol.3 pl.349",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Togian Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F09B49A",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/563/mode/1up","Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus"],["1997","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus meridionalis","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.2 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C63BD2",null,null,"Southern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/45/mode/1up","Rhamphococcyx calorhynchus meridionalis"],["1998","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus rufiloris","(Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Buton (off Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F81F9D10",null,null,"Buton, southeast of Celebes","On the Birds collected on the Tukang-Besi Islands and Buton, south-east of Celebes, by Mr. Heinrich Kühn.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/38/mode/1up","Phoenicophaus calorhynchus rufiloris"],["1999","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dasylophus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phaenicophaus superciliosus [C. Dumont, 1823]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/348/mode/1up","Dasylophus"],["2000","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dasylophus cumingi","(Fraser, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.79 p.112","Scale-feathered Malkoha","Scale-feathered Malkoha","Scale-feathered Malkoha","2025-1032","Taxon <em>cumingi </em>is placed in the genus <em>Dasylophus </em>based on genetics. Phenotypically and vocally very distinct and sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Lepidogrammus</em>, mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005) instead support a sister relationship with <em>D. superciliosus</em> and a divergence consistent with congeneric taxa in related cuckoos.","northern Philippines (Luzon, Marinduque, and Catanduanes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684129","scfmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scfmal1","avibase-653D9BD0",null,null,"Luzon, Philippine Islands.","Descriptions of two New Species of Birds from the Island of Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/642/mode/1up","Phoenicophaus Cumingi"],["2001","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dasylophus superciliosus","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 28 p.451","Rough-crested Malkoha","Red-crested Malkoha","Red-crested Malkoha",null,null,"Luzon group (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684126","recmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recmal1","avibase-00F880FA",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81563#page/465/mode/1up","Phaenicophaus superciliosus"],["2002","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dasylophus superciliosus cagayanensis","(Rand & Rabor, 1967)","Fieldiana Zoology 51 p.85-89",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (Cagayan Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4A84440",null,null,"Luzon Island, Cagayan Province, San Pascual, Gonzaga (Mount Cague in the Sierra Madre) [Philippines]","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/7/mode/1up","Phoenicophaeus superciliosus cagayanensis"],["2003","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Dasylophus superciliosus superciliosus","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 28 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon (south of range of cagayensis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93E8F094",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81563#page/465/mode/1up","Phaenicophaus superciliosus"],["2004","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.53",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus glandarius [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/81/mode/1up","Clamator"],["2005","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator coromandus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.171","Chestnut-winged Cuckoo","Chestnut-winged Cuckoo","Chestnut-winged Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds northwestern India eastward to eastern China and southward to northern Peninsular India and southeastern Asia; winters to southern India, Sri Lanka, Greater Sundas, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683816","chwcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwcuc1","avibase-575C66D2",null,null,"Coromandel.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/175/mode/1up","Cuculus coromandus"],["2006","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator glandarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.111","Great Spotted Cuckoo","Great Spotted Cuckoo","Great Spotted Cuckoo",null,null,"southwestern Palearctic and sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683819","grscuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grscuc1","avibase-3D67C56A",null,null,"Northern Africa and southern Europe; i.e. Gibraltar, ex Edwards, pl. 57.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/129/mode/1up","Cuculus glandarius"],["2007","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator levaillantii","(Swainson, 1829)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.1, no.3 pl.13,text","Levaillant's Cuckoo","Levaillant's Cuckoo","Levaillant's Cuckoo",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683808","levcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/levcuc1","avibase-3C8C3A31",null,null,"Senegal and the western coast of Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92611#page/91/mode/1up","Coccyzus levaillantii"],["2008","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator jacobinus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53","Jacobin Cuckoo","Pied Cuckoo","Jacobin Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds disjunctly sub-Saharan Africa to South Africa, and northwestern India southward to southern India and Sri Lanka, and eastward to central Myanmar; winters in central and eastern Africa, and southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683800","piecuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piecuc1","avibase-BF0A0954",null,null,"Coromandel Coast, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 872.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Cuculus Jacobinus"],["2009","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator jacobinus serratus","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.iii pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Zambia and South Africa; winters northward to Uganda and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3087A00",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, i.e. Cape Peninsula, Cape Province, South Africa 1 .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/25/mode/1up","Cuculus serratus"],["2010","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator jacobinus pica","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.r p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds sub-Saharan Africa to northern Zambia and Malawi, and northwestern India to Nepal; winters Africa southward to Namibia and Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-531A1772",null,null,"Ambukohl, Dongola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/47/mode/1up","Cuculus pica"],["2011","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Clamator jacobinus jacobinus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern India, Sri Lanka, and central Myanmar; winters to southeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0340EB1D",null,null,"Coromandel Coast, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 872.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Cuculus Jacobinus"],["2012","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccycua","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus monachus [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy = Coccyzus minutus Vieillot, 1817",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/180/mode/1up","Coccycua"],["2013","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccycua minuta","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.275","Little Cuckoo","Little Cuckoo","Little Cuckoo",null,null,"humid forest, borders, thickets and mangrove from eastern Panama eastward to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, in central Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena and Río Cauca; also in southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador; east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to central and eastern Bolivia, and in Brazil southward to southern Mato Grosso do Sul (and adjacent Paraguay) and west-central São Paulo, and eastward to eastern Maranhão, Tocantins, Goiás and adjacent Minas Gerais",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684379","litcuc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litcuc2","avibase-07DD8007",null,null,"No locality = Cayenne, ex Latham and Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/297/mode/1up","Coccyzus minutus"],["2014","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccycua minuta gracilis","(Heine, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.65 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7347C269",null,null,"Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Cuculidina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/372/mode/1up","Coccyzusa gracilis"],["2015","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccycua minuta minuta","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, Amazonian Peru, and Brazil (except eastern and southern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEF0BA7C",null,null,"No locality = Cayenne, ex Latham and Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/297/mode/1up","Coccyzus minutus"],["2016","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccycua cinerea","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.272","Ash-colored Cuckoo","Ash-colored Cuckoo","Ash-colored Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds Paraguay, northern Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay; winters northward at least to Bolivia and western Brazil south of the Amazon River, rarely to eastern Peru and southeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684318","asccuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asccuc1","avibase-83A0647B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/294/mode/1up","Coccyzus cinereus"],["2017","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccycua pumila","(Strickland, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.1 p.28, pl.83","Dwarf Cuckoo","Dwarf Cuckoo","Dwarf Cuckoo",null,null,"tropical northern and western Colombia and far northern Ecuador to northeastern Venezuela; rare eastern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684309","dwacuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwacuc1","avibase-F0677C4B",null,null,"Trinidad, error = Venezuela.","Ornithological Notices. On a new species of Coccyzus from Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/38/mode/1up","Coccyzus pumilus"],["2018","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus cayanus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/177/mode/1up","Piaya"],["2019","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya melanogaster","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.236","Black-bellied Cuckoo","Black-bellied Cuckoo","Black-bellied Cuckoo",null,null,"the Guianas and Venezuela to eastern Ecuador, Peru, and western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684376","blbcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbcuc1","avibase-1AE8B7CD",null,null,"Java, error = Cayenne by substitution of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 97.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/254/mode/1up","Cuculus melanogaster"],["2020","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya mexicana","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441","Mexican Squirrel Cuckoo","Mexican Squirrel-Cuckoo","Mexican Squirrel-cuckoo","2025-1033","Taxon <em>mexicana </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Piaya cayana</em> based on differences in plumage, tail length, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Sánchez-González et al. 2023), and vocal differences (Dyer &amp; Howell 2023). Additional splits within the South American populations are likely based on plumage, soft-part colors, and genomic divergence (Smith et al. 2014); however, further research incorporating denser taxonomic and genomic sampling is needed.","Pacific slope of Mexico (central Sonora southward to Isthmus of Tehuántepec)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61419028","squcuc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/squcuc2","avibase-239A7DE6",null,null,"Temescaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Cuculus Mexicanus"],["2021","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.170","Common Squirrel Cuckoo","Common Squirrel-Cuckoo","Common Squirrel-cuckoo","2025-1033","Taxon <em>mexicana </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Piaya cayana</em> based on differences in plumage, tail length, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Sánchez-González et al. 2023), and vocal differences (Dyer &amp; Howell 2023). Additional splits within the South American populations are likely based on plumage, soft-part colors, and genomic divergence (Smith et al. 2014); however, further research incorporating denser taxonomic and genomic sampling is needed.","eastern Mexico to Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61418830","squcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/squcuc1","avibase-F549E115",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/174/mode/1up","Cuculus cayanus"],["2022","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana thermophila","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (eastern San Luis Potosí and southern Tamaulipas southward to Veracruz, Yucatán, and Isthmus of Tehuantepec on Gulf coast southward to near Tehuantepec City) through Central America to Panama and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5BF9F05",null,null,"Tierra caliente of Mexico and in Guatemala = Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","On a Series of Birds collected in the vicinity of Jalapa, in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/460/mode/1up","Piaya thermophila"],["2023","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana nigricrissa","(Cabanis, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.57 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (west slope of western Andes, the Cauca Valley, and the east slope of the northern central Andes), western Ecuador, and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FAD0858",null,null,"Babahoyo or Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Juli-Heft 1861, S. 241-256.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/191/mode/1up","Pyrrhococcyx nigricrissa"],["2024","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana mehleri","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and coastal northern Venezuela eastward to Paría Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9287643",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/186/mode/1up","Piaya mehleri"],["2025","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana mesura","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.83,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia east of the Andes and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-166CF787",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/89/mode/1up","Pyrrhococcyx mesurus"],["2026","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana circe","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (region south of Lake Maracaibo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C63CA959",null,null,"Colombia, error, the type is from Caracas, Venezuela, cf. Junge, supra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/186/mode/1up","Piaya circe"],["2027","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Orinoco Valley of Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9D1895D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/174/mode/1up","Cuculus cayanus"],["2028","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana insulana","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.1 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EBE257B",null,null,"Chaguaranas, Trinidad.","On the birds of the island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/57/mode/1up","Piaya cayana insulana"],["2029","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana obscura","Snethlage, 1908","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Juruá to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4248A0D5",null,null,"Bom Lugar and Monte Verde, upper Rio Purus, Brazil.","Eine Vogelsammlung vom Rio Purús, Brasilien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/33/mode/1up","Piaya obscura"],["2030","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana hellmayri","Pinto, 1938","Revista do Museu Paulista 22(1937) p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Santarém to Amazon River delta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC1D2FD4",null,null,"Tury-assú, Maranhão","Catalogo das Aves do Brasil e lista dos exemplares que as representam no Museu Paulista.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189702#page/203/mode/1up","Piaya cayana hellmayri"],["2031","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana pallescens","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Piauí, Pernambuco, northern Bahia, and adjacent eastern Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-212D5A33",null,null,"North Brazil = Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/92/mode/1up","Pyrrhococcyx pallescens"],["2032","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana cabanisi","Allen, 1893","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 5, art.10 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil (central Mato Grosso and adjacent Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DA690A7",null,null,"Chapada, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","On a collection of birds from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, made by Mr. H.H. Smith. Part 3, Pipridae to Rheidae, Part 4, Oölogical notes. ","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1563","Piaya cayana cabanisi"],["2033","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana macroura","Gambel, 1849","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 2 1, pt.3 p.215 [note: CWR]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2283E7AD",null,null,"Surinam, error = Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110628#page/225/mode/1up","Piaya macroura"],["2034","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Piaya cayana mogenseni","Peters, 1926","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia and adjacent northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50729732",null,null,"Conception, Tucumán, Argentina.","Two new Birds from Argentina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/235/mode/1up","Piaya cayana mogenseni"],["2035","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus americanus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Cuculus americanus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f34.item","Coccyzus"],["2036","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus melacoryphus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.271","Dark-billed Cuckoo","Dark-billed Cuckoo","Dark-billed Cuckoo",null,null,"Venezuela to the Guianas, Brazil, northern Argentina, and Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684343","dabcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dabcuc1","avibase-5426F64E",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/293/mode/1up","Coccyzus melacoryphus"],["2037","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus americanus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.111","Yellow-billed Cuckoo","Yellow-billed Cuckoo","Yellow-billed Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds Canada to Mexico and West Indies; winters to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684331","yebcuc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcuc","avibase-0CF12F81",null,null,"Carolina, i.e. South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/129/mode/1up","Cuculus americanus"],["2038","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus euleri","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.72","Pearly-breasted Cuckoo","Pearly-breasted Cuckoo","Pearly-breasted Cuckoo",null,null,"locally from northern South America to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684334","pebcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pebcuc1","avibase-BBA3CB9A",null,null,"Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","[Über einen neuen südamerikanischen Kuckuk].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/84/mode/1up","Coccygus Euleri"],["2039","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus minor","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.411","Mangrove Cuckoo","Mangrove Cuckoo","Mangrove Cuckoo",null,null,"locally from southern Florida to coastal northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684337","mancuc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mancuc","avibase-84F096F7",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 813.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/423/mode/1up","Cuculus minor"],["2040","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus ferrugineus","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.105","Cocos Cuckoo","Cocos Cuckoo","Cocos Cuckoo",null,null,"Cocos Island (off western Costa Rica)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684340","coccuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coccuc1","avibase-8DCC542B",null,null,"Cocos Island.","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/473/mode/1up","Coccyzus ferrugineus"],["2041","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus erythropthalmus","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 4 p.16 pl.28 fig.2","Black-billed Cuckoo","Black-billed Cuckoo","Black-billed Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684328","bkbcuc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc","avibase-41E9F54B",null,null,"Near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175531#page/22/mode/1up","Cuculus erythropthalma"],["2042","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus lansbergi","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.112","Grey-capped Cuckoo","Gray-capped Cuckoo","Grey-capped Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds northern Colombia and northern Venezuela; migrates to western Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684346","gyccuc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyccuc","avibase-618790D9",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/190/mode/1up","Coccyzus lansbergi"],["2043","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus pluvialis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.411","Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo","Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo","Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684350","chbcuc4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbcuc4","avibase-9580F5D9",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/423/mode/1up","Cuculus pluvialis"],["2044","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus rufigularis","Hartlaub, 1852","Naumannia 2, heft 2 p.55","Bay-breasted Cuckoo","Bay-breasted Cuckoo","Bay-breasted Cuckoo",null,null,"Hispaniola and Gonâve Island",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684360","babcuc4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babcuc4","avibase-AB5C68F1",null,null,"Mountain forests of Spanish Santo Domingo i.e. Dominican Republic.","Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Vögel Amerika's. Aus brieflichen Mittheilungen des Herzogs Paul Wilhelm von Württemberg mitgetheilt und mit Anmerkungen versehen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19761#page/177/mode/1up","Coccyzus rufigularis"],["2045","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus vetula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.111","Jamaican Lizard Cuckoo","Jamaican Lizard-Cuckoo","Jamaican Lizard-cuckoo",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684399","jamlic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamlic1","avibase-ECDCF2B9",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/129/mode/1up","Cuculus Vetula"],["2046","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus vieilloti","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.97","Puerto Rican Lizard Cuckoo","Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo","Puerto Rican Lizard-cuckoo",null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684417","purlic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purlic1","avibase-3B78A0C9",null,null,"Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/167/mode/1up","Saurothera vieilloti"],["2047","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus longirostris","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.186","Hispaniolan Lizard Cuckoo","Hispaniolan Lizard-Cuckoo","Hispaniolan Lizard-cuckoo",null,null,"varied woodland from lowlands to mountains of Hispaniola and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684408","hislic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hislic1","avibase-C6180718",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/206/mode/1up","Cuculus longirostris"],["2048","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus longirostris petersi","(Richmond & Swales, 1924)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"La Mohotiere and Gonâve islands (off western Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B25A1D9A",null,null,"La Mahotiere, Gonave Island.","Descriptions of three new Birds from Gonave Island, Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/145/mode/1up","Saurothera longirostris petersi"],["2049","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus longirostris longirostris","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola including Saona Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DE21874",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/206/mode/1up","Cuculus longirostris"],["2050","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus merlini","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.115","Great Lizard Cuckoo","Great Lizard-Cuckoo",null,"2025-1034","Taxon <em>bahamensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Coccyzus merlini, </em>as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. More information on vocal and genetic variation across this complex is needed, along with a formal analysis of phenotypic variation.","wooded areas of lowlands and hills of central Bahamas, in Andros and Eleuthera, and at least formerly New Providence; Cuba and satellite islands",null,null,null,"grelic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grelic1","avibase-D59B5B68",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/156/mode/1up","Saurothera merlini"],["2051","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus merlini bahamensis","(Bryant, 1864)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 9 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas (Andros and Eleuthera; rare New Providence)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7390B9DD",null,null,"Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99908#page/290/mode/1up","Saurothera bahamensis"],["2052","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus merlini santamariae","(Garrido, 1971)","Poeyana 87 p.1-12",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off north-central Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9FEBF8B",null,null,"Cayo Santa Maria (Archipielago de Sabana), Caibarien, Las Villas, Cuba","Nueva raza del arriero, Saurothera merlini (Aves: Cuculidae) para Cuba.",null,"Saurothera merlini santamariae"],["2053","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus merlini merlini","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C35A5940",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/156/mode/1up","Saurothera merlini"],["2054","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Coccyzus merlini decolor","(Bangs & Zappey, 1905)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 39 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C740D009",null,null,"La Vega, Isle of Pines.","Birds of the Isle of Pines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135768#page/226/mode/1up","Saurothera merlini decolor"],["2055","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Nannococcyx","Olson, 1975","Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nannococcyx psix [Olson, 1975]",null,"Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean","https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1952","Nannococcyx"],["2056","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Nannococcyx psix","Olson, 1975","Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23 p.32","St. Helena Cuckoo","St. Helena Cuckoo","Saint Helena Cuckoo",null,null,"formerly St. Helena Island; probably went extinct in the mid-1700s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728841","sthcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthcuc1","avibase-AD251783",null,null,"Prosperous Bay Valley, St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean","Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean","https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1952","Nannococcyx psix"],["2057","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Pachycoccyx","Cabanis, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus validus [Reichenow, 1879]; type by monotypy",null,"Bericht über die Februar-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/242/mode/1up","Pachycoccyx"],["2058","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Pachycoccyx audeberti","(Schlegel, 1879)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.99","Thick-billed Cuckoo","Thick-billed Cuckoo","Thick-billed Cuckoo",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill rainforest, miombo woodland, and riverine thickets, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to Nigeria and southward to central Angola, and from southern South Sudan and southeastern Kenya southward to northern Botswana and northeastern South Africa, and northeastern Madagascar (where rare and little-known)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683823","thbcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbcuc1","avibase-2AD52363",null,null,"Ambodikilo, near Mananare, southwestern shore of Antongil Bay, Madagascar.","On a new species of Cuckoo from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/111/mode/1up","Cuculus Audeberti"],["2059","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Pachycoccyx audeberti brazzae","(Oustalet, 1886)","Le Naturaliste 8 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E0A0CDC",null,null,"Diele, French Congo.","Notice sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux du Congo rapportés par les naturalistes attachés à la mission de M. le comte de Brazza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105819#page/314/mode/1up","Coccystes Brazzae"],["2060","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Pachycoccyx audeberti validus","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southeastern Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF7CA996",null,null,"Muniuni, Tana River, Kenya Colony.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Cuculus validus"],["2061","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Pachycoccyx audeberti audeberti","(Schlegel, 1879)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEBDE3A8",null,null,"Ambodikilo, near Mananare, southwestern shore of Antongil Bay, Madagascar.","On a new species of Cuckoo from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/111/mode/1up","Cuculus Audeberti"],["2062","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Microdynamis","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.461",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Eudynamis parva [Salvadori, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105795#page/469/mode/1up","Microdynamis"],["2063","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Microdynamis parva","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.986","Dwarf Koel","Dwarf Koel","Dwarf Koel",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684046","dwakoe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwakoe1","avibase-FADB9F50",null,null,"Tidore ?, error = northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/992/mode/1up","Eudynamis parva"],["2064","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Microdynamis parva grisescens","Mayr & Rand, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.868 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Humboldt Bay to Kumusi River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-714927C8",null,null,"Madang, Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.","Two new subspecies of birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4105/","Microdynamis parva grisescens"],["2065","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Microdynamis parva parva","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.986",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in southern New Guinea, including D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42FD897B",null,null,"Tidore ?, error = northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/992/mode/1up","Eudynamis parva"],["2066","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus orientalis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 57).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/312/mode/1up","Eudynamys"],["2067","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys scolopaceus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.111","Asian Koel","Asian Koel",null,null,null,"Indian Subcontinent through eastern China, mainland southeastern Asia, the Phillippines, and Greater Sundas; Maldives, Lakshadweep, and Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,"asikoe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asikoe2","avibase-61503588",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/129/mode/1up","Cuculus scolopaceus"],["2068","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys scolopaceus scolopaceus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Lakshadweep, and Maldives",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0DFCD81",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/129/mode/1up","Cuculus scolopaceus"],["2069","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys scolopaceus chinensis","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.52,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and Indochina; winters to Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C3C0F3E",null,null,"Canton, China.","On the Birds collected during the Third Expedition to French Indo-China. With Notes by P. Jabouille, M.B.O.U., and W. P. Lowe, M.B.O.U..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/58/mode/1up","Eudynamis chinensis"],["2070","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys scolopaceus harterti","Ingram, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD0D964B",null,null,"Hainan, types from Hoihow.","The birds of Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/299/mode/1up","Eudynamis orientalis harterti"],["2071","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys scolopaceus malayanus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED5EAB51",null,null,"Sunda Islands and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/58/mode/1up","Eudynamis malayana"],["2072","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys scolopaceus corvinus","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.170",null,null,null,"2025-1039","Taxon <em>melanorhynchus </em>(polytypic, including <em>facialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Eudynamys orientalis</em> based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021), supported by plumage differences and limited mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005). Additionally, taxon <em>corvinus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>E. scolopaceus</em>, and the status of the New Guinea taxon <em>rufiventer </em>requires resolution as it has been considered sympatric with <em>E. orientalis</em> (Rand 1941); further research needed.","northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Moti, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E74BBF54",null,null,"Gamkonora, Halmahera.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. V. Zur Ornithologie von Halmahera und Batjan.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0167-0171.pdf#page=4","Eudynamis scolopacea corvina"],["2073","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys scolopaceus mindanensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (including Palawan and Sulu Archipelago), and Sangihe and Talaud islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6E68EB7",null,null,"Philippines, i.e. Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/173/mode/1up","Cuculus mindanensis"],["2074","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys melanorhynchus","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.176","Black-billed Koel","Black-billed Koel",null,"2025-1039","Taxon <em>melanorhynchus </em>(polytypic, including <em>facialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Eudynamys orientalis</em> based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021), supported by plumage differences and limited mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005). Additionally, taxon <em>corvinus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>E. scolopaceus</em>, and the status of the New Guinea taxon <em>rufiventer </em>requires resolution as it has been considered sympatric with <em>E. orientalis</em> (Rand 1941); further research needed.","Sulawesi and satellite islands, and Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,"bkbkoe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbkoe1","avibase-8D85687A",null,null,"Celebes.",null,null,"Eudynamis melanorhynchus"],["2075","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys melanorhynchus melanorhynchus","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-319F96EF",null,null,"Celebes.",null,null,"Eudynamis melanorhynchus"],["2076","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys melanorhynchus facialis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27D19FF6",null,null,"Sula Islands.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/393/mode/1up","Eudynamis facialis"],["2077","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.168","Pacific Koel","Pacific Koel",null,"2025-1039","Taxon <em>melanorhynchus </em>(polytypic, including <em>facialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Eudynamys orientalis</em> based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021), supported by plumage differences and limited mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005). Additionally, taxon <em>corvinus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>E. scolopaceus</em>, and the status of the New Guinea taxon <em>rufiventer </em>requires resolution as it has been considered sympatric with <em>E. orientalis</em> (Rand 1941); further research needed.","central Moluccas to northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"asikoe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asikoe3","avibase-A9881D27",null,null,"East Indies = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/172/mode/1up","Cuculus orientalis"],["2078","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis orientalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru, Manipa, Kelang, Seram, Ambon, and Watubela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9593509",null,null,"East Indies = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/172/mode/1up","Cuculus orientalis"],["2079","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis picatus","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands and Sumba to Timor and Roma",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7B43F63",null,null,"Amboina",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/192/mode/1up","Eudynamys picatus"],["2080","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis rufiventer","(Lesson, 1830)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.14 p.622",null,null,null,"2025-1039","Taxon <em>melanorhynchus </em>(polytypic, including <em>facialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Eudynamys orientalis</em> based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021), supported by plumage differences and limited mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005). Additionally, taxon <em>corvinus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>E. scolopaceus</em>, and the status of the New Guinea taxon <em>rufiventer </em>requires resolution as it has been considered sympatric with <em>E. orientalis</em> (Rand 1941); further research needed.","New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BF969F2",null,null,"New Guinea = Dorei [now Manokwari].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/272/mode/1up","Cuculus rufiventer"],["2081","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis hybrida","Diamond, 2002","Pacific Science 56 p.1-22",null,null,null,null,null,"Long Islands (Crown, Long, and Tolokiwa), between New Guinea and New Britain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-065290C4",null,null,"Long Island [Madang Province, Indonesia], collected 28 November 1933 by W. F. Coultas","Dispersal, Mimicry, and Geographic Variations in Northern Melanesian Birds",null,"Eudynamys scolopacea hybrida"],["2082","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis salvadorii","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.2 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5940129E",null,null,"New Ireland; the type locality is not certainly correct.","The birds of Buru, being a list of collections made on that island by Messrs. William Doherty and Dumas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/246/mode/1up","Eudynamis orientalis salvadorii"],["2083","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis alberti","Rothschild & Hartert, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50BCD9FE",null,null,"Gizo, Solomon Islands.","Notes on Papuan birds (Continued from Volume X. 1903. p. 480.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/460/mode/1up","Eudynamis orientalis alberti"],["2084","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis cyanocephalus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxx",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (northern Queensland to Victoria); winters to Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-203E098D",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/36/mode/1up","Cuculus cyanocephalus"],["2085","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Eudynamys orientalis subcyanocephalus","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region of Western Australia to northwestern Queensland); winters to southern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35A67CD8",null,null,"Parry's Creek, North-West Australia.","Notes on Australian Cuckoos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/35/mode/1up","Eudynamys orientalis subcyanocephalus"],["2086","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Urodynamis","Salvadori, 1880","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 1 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus taitensis [Sparrman, 1787]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34672#page/392/mode/1up","Urodynamis"],["2087","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Urodynamis taitensis","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 pl.32","Long-tailed Koel","Long-tailed Koel","Long-tailed Koel",null,null,"breeds North, South, and Stewart islands and satellite islands (New Zealand); migrates to central and southern tropical Pacific, from Palau (western Caroline Islands) to Pitcairn group (southeastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684072","lotkoe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotkoe1","avibase-3BD58F08",null,null,"No locality given; Tahiti, fixed as type locality by Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 258.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/39/mode/1up","Cuculus taitensis"],["2088","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Scythrops","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scythrops novaehollandiae [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/163/mode/1up","Scythrops"],["2089","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Scythrops novaehollandiae","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.141","Channel-billed Cuckoo","Channel-billed Cuckoo","Channel-billed Cuckoo",null,null,"Wallacea, northern and eastern Australia, and eastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684079","chbcuc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbcuc2","avibase-D9638667",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/163/mode/1up","Scythrops novae Hollandiae"],["2090","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Scythrops novaehollandiae fordi","Mason, 1996","The Emu 96 p.217-233",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Tukangbesi islands (off southeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1876A5F1",null,null,"Buka, Sulawesi. 20 November 1909","Geographical differentiation in the Channel-billed Cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae Latham, with description of two new subspecies from Sulawesi and the Bismarck Archipelago.","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9960217","Scythrops novaehollandiae fordi"],["2091","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Scythrops novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and eastern Australia; winters northward to New Guinea, Lesser Sundas, and Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FA2DDE5",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/163/mode/1up","Scythrops novae Hollandiae"],["2092","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Scythrops novaehollandiae schoddei","Mason, 1996","The Emu 96 p.217-233",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A726285",null,null,"Talasea, New Britain. collected on 27 April 1925","Geographical differentiation in the Channel-billed Cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae Latham, with description of two new subspecies from Sulawesi and the Bismarck Archipelago.","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9960217","Scythrops novaehollandiae schoddei"],["2093","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.977",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus cupreus [Shaw, 1792]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/537/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx"],["2094","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx maculatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.404","Asian Emerald Cuckoo","Asian Emerald Cuckoo","Asian Emerald Cuckoo",null,null,"India to southern China, southeastern Asia, Sumatra, and Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684000","asecuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asecuc1","avibase-DD1544E8",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/416/mode/1up","Trogon maculatus"],["2095","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.179","Violet Cuckoo","Violet Cuckoo","Violet Cuckoo",null,null,"northeastern India to southeastern Asia, Greater Sundas, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684003","viocuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viocuc1","avibase-A6C03533",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/198/mode/1up","Cuculus xanthorhynchus"],["2096","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus xanthorhynchus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Himalayas from Sikkim (recently recorded far eastern Nepal) through northeastern India eastward to Myanmar, south-central China (Yunnan), Thailand, and Indochina, and southward through the Andamans and Malayan Peninsula to the Greater Sundas and southwestern Philippines (Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8652573C",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/198/mode/1up","Cuculus xanthorhynchus"],["2097","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus amethystinus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FBE387E",null,null,"Neighborhood of Manila, Luzon, Philippines.","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/112/mode/1up","Lampromorpha amethystina"],["2098","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx caprius","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.40","Diederik Cuckoo","Diederik Cuckoo","Diederik Cuckoo",null,null,"intra-African migrant in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684026","didcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/didcuc1","avibase-0482FA7E",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 657.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/62/mode/1up","Cuculus caprius"],["2099","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx klaas","(Stephens, 1815)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.128","Klaas's Cuckoo","Klaas's Cuckoo","Klaas's Cuckoo",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa and Bioko",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684017","klacuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/klacuc1","avibase-1FACD210",null,null,"Cape Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/202/mode/1up","Cuculus Klaas"],["2100","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx cupreus","(Shaw, 1792)","Museum Leverianum, containing select specimens from the museum of the late Sir Ashton Lever (etc.) 1, no.4 p.157","African Emerald Cuckoo","African Emerald Cuckoo","African Emerald Cuckoo",null,null,"Senegal and Gambia to South Sudan and Ethiopia, southward to Angola and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684021","afecuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afecuc1","avibase-1B309CB5",null,null,"'Most probably an African bird' = Africa, restricted to Gambia by Grant antea, p. 419.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93481#page/251/mode/1up","Cuculus cupreus"],["2101","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chrysococcyx flavigularis","Shelley, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.679 pl.50","Yellow-throated Cuckoo","Yellow-throated Cuckoo","Yellow-throated Cuckoo",null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Cameroon, southwestern South Sudan, western Uganda, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684012","yetcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetcuc1","avibase-A4427701",null,null,"Elmina, Gold Coast Colony.","Descriptions of two new Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/459/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx flavigularis"],["2102","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites","Lesson, 1837","Magazine of zoology and botany 1 p.437",null,null,null,"2025-1035","Australasian <em>Chalcites </em>(polytypic) is recognized as a genus separate from Afro-Asian <em>Chrysococcyx </em>(polytypic) based on a combination of morphology, osteology (Hughes 2000), and zoogeography, supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005). Corroborating data from nuclear or genomic DNA are needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus chalcites [Illiger]; Type by tautonymy = Cuculus plagosus Latham, 1801",null,null,null,"Chalcites"],["2103","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites megarhynchus","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.184","Long-billed Cuckoo","Long-billed Cuckoo","Long-billed Cuckoo",null,null,"New Guinea including Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands) and Aru Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683944","lobcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobcuc1","avibase-14B0CB57",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/250/mode/1up","Cuculus megarhynchus"],["2104","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites basalis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.179","Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo","Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo","Horsfield's Bronze-cuckoo",null,null,"breeds Australia including Tasmania; winters to Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683982","hobcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hobcuc1","avibase-91248B47",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/198/mode/1up","Cuculus basalis"],["2105","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites osculans","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.170 p.32","Black-eared Cuckoo","Black-eared Cuckoo","Black-eared Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds Australia (except far southwest and southeast); winters to Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684006","blecuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blecuc1","avibase-087C279E",null,null,"New South Wales.","On eight new species of Australian Birds ; and on Anthus minimus, Vig. and Horsf., as the type of a new genus Chthonicola'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/534/mode/1up","Chalcites osculans"],["2106","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites ruficollis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.913","Rufous-throated Bronze Cuckoo","Rufous-throated Bronze-Cuckoo","Rufous-throated Bronze-cuckoo",null,null,"humid montane forest of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683990","rtbcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtbcuc1","avibase-4049465F",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/919/mode/1up","Lamprococcyx ruficollis"],["2107","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites lucidus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.421","Shining Bronze Cuckoo","Shining Bronze-Cuckoo","Shining Bronze-cuckoo",null,null,"Australia, Solomon Archipelago, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and New Zealand region including Chatham Islands (east of North Island); winters to Lesser Sundas, New Guinea region, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683973","shbcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbcuc1","avibase-19268395",null,null,"New Zealand, i.e. Queen Charlotte Sound.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/433/mode/1up","Cuculus lucidus"],["2108","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites lucidus harterti","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.520 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell and Bellona (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44355AE8",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 19, Notes on the bronze cuckoo Chalcites lucidus and its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4134/","Chalcites lucidus harterti"],["2109","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites lucidus layardi","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands), Vanuatu including Banks Islands, and New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7A766B7",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Notes on Australian Cuckoos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/30/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx layardi"],["2110","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites lucidus plagosus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxi",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern and southeastern Australia (southern South Australia to southeastern Queensland and Tasmania); eastern population winters to northern Melanesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE0BD607",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/37/mode/1up","Cuculus plagosus"],["2111","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites lucidus lucidus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds New Zealand; winters to northern Melanesia and eastern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD93F192",null,null,"New Zealand, i.e. Queen Charlotte Sound.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/433/mode/1up","Cuculus lucidus"],["2112","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites meyerii","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.82","White-eared Bronze Cuckoo","White-eared Bronze-Cuckoo","White-eared Bronze-cuckoo",null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea including Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683995","webcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/webcuc1","avibase-AD3C4F31",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/96/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx meyerii"],["2113","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites crassirostris","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.460","Pied Bronze Cuckoo","Pied Bronze-Cuckoo",null,"2025-1038a","Taxon <em>crassirostris </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chalcites minutillus</em> based on its distinctive plumage and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021). However, as <em>crassirostris </em>is only weakly diverged from <em>minutillus </em>based on mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005) information from nuclear or genomic DNA data will be needed to affirm this split.","Moluccas (Tayandu and Kai islands) and Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena and Larat)",null,null,null,"litbrc5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litbrc5","avibase-8774C5C1",null,null,"Kei Islands, Goram, Amboina, Halmahera, Ternate, New Guinea; type from Tual, Little Kei Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105795#page/468/mode/1up","Lamprococcyx crassirostris"],["2114","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus","(Gould, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.128","Little Bronze Cuckoo","Little Bronze-Cuckoo",null,"2025-1038a, 2025-1038b","2025-1038a)) Taxon <em>crassirostris</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chalcites minutillus</em> based on its distinctive plumage and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021). However, as <em>crassirostris</em> is only weakly diverged from <em>minutillus</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005) information from nuclear or genomic DNA data will be needed to affirm this split. 2025-1038b)) Taxa <em>salvadorii</em> and <em>rufomerus</em>, traditionally aligned with the 'pied group' of bronze-cuckoo, are treated as subspecies of <em>C. minutillus</em> based on plumage (Eaton et al. 2016) and voice.","southeastern Asia to Philippines, Lesser Sundas, and northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"libcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/libcuc1","avibase-BEE36B49",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Descriptions of two new species of birds, one belonging to the family Cuculidae, the other to the Coturniceae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/184/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx minutillus"],["2115","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus peninsularis","(Parker, 1981)","Zoologische Verhandelingen 187 p.3-56",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE7B0EE8",null,null,"Muang Narathiwat, Thailand","Prolegomenon to further studies in the Chrysococcyx 'malayanus' group (Aves, Cuculidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/323956","Chrysococcyx minutillus peninsularis"],["2116","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus albifrons","Junge, 1938","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 20 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sumatra and western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-597F2E4B",null,null,"Batavia, Java.",null,"https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149302","Chalcites malayanus albifrons"],["2117","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus aheneus","Junge, 1938","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 20 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (where poorly known) and southern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48FFA0E8",null,null,"Bandjermasin, Borneo.","Remarks on Chalcites malayanus (Raffles)","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149302","Chalcites malayanus aheneus"],["2118","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus jungei","Stresemann, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi), Madu Island (southeast of Sulawesi), and Flores to Alor (central Lesser Sundas); populations on Timor and Wetar may represent an undescribed taxon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A03AFCA7",null,null,"Oeroe, western base of the Latimodjong Mts., Celebes.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0147-0149.pdf#page=2","Chalcites malayanus jungei"],["2119","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus rufomerus","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.21",null,null,null,"2025-1038b","Taxa <em>salvadorii </em>and <em>rufomerus</em>, traditionally aligned with the 'pied group' of bronze-cuckoo, are treated as subspecies of <em>C. minutillus</em> based on plumage (Eaton et al. 2016) and voice.","Lesser Sundas (Romang, Kisar, Leti, Moa, Sermata, and Damar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94AF6747",null,null,"Damar Island.","The birds of Dammer Island in the Banda Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/35/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx rufomerus"],["2120","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus salvadorii","Hartert & Stresemann, 1925","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.2 p.162",null,null,null,"2025-1038b","Taxa <em>salvadorii </em>and <em>rufomerus</em>, traditionally aligned with the 'pied group' of bronze-cuckoo, are treated as subspecies of <em>C. minutillus</em> based on plumage (Eaton et al. 2016) and voice.","known from one specimen and recent records from Babar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91DAC0E0",null,null,"Tepa, Babar Island.","Ueber die Indoaustralischen Glanzkuckucke (Chalcites)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/190/mode/1up","Chalcites malayanus salvadorii"],["2121","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus misoriensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.913",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of coastal northern New Guinea and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25F608A4",null,null,"Korido, Misore Island [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/920/mode/1up","Lamprococcyx misoriensis"],["2122","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus poecilurus","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of coastal southern New Guinea and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD7BFBD8",null,null,"Misol.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/543/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx poecilurus"],["2123","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus minutillus","(Gould, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, Lesser Sundas, and northern Australia (Kimberley region of Western Australia, Tiwi islands off Northern Territory, and western Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AFF6B29",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Descriptions of two new species of birds, one belonging to the family Cuculidae, the other to the Coturniceae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/184/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx minutillus"],["2124","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus russatus","(Gould, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula and to Burdekin River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-020C86DB",null,null,"Cape York district of Queensland, Australia.","On Two New Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/114/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx russata"],["2125","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Chalcites minutillus barnardi","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (east-central Queensland to northeastern New South Wales); winters to southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49427264",null,null,"Coomooboolaroo, Dawson River, Queensland.","Notes on Australian Cuckoos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/34/mode/1up","Chrysococcyx barnardi"],["2126","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Heteroscenes","Cabanis & Heine, 1862","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.26",null,null,null,"2025-1037","Three genera are recognized in <em>Cacomantis </em>based on plumage and behavior, supported in part by mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005): monotypic <em>Heteroscenes </em>(spp. <em>pallidus</em>); monotypic <em>Caliechthrus </em>(spp. <em>leucolophus</em>); and polytypic <em>Cacomantis</em>. As phylogenetic relationships remain poorly resolved, further research will be needed to corroborate these generic allotments.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Columba pallida [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/32/mode/1up","Heteroscenes"],["2127","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Heteroscenes pallidus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lx","Pallid Cuckoo","Pallid Cuckoo","Pallid Cuckoo",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania; winters northward to eastern Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683898","palcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palcuc1","avibase-D2B68684",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/66/mode/1up","Columba pallida"],["2128","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Caliechthrus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.31,note",null,null,null,"2025-1037","Three genera are recognized in <em>Cacomantis </em>based on plumage and behavior, supported in part by mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005): monotypic <em>Heteroscenes </em>(spp. <em>pallidus</em>); monotypic <em>Caliechthrus </em>(spp. <em>leucolophus</em>); and polytypic <em>Cacomantis</em>. As phylogenetic relationships remain poorly resolved, further research will be needed to corroborate these generic allotments.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus leucolophus [Müller, S, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/37/mode/1up","Caliechthrus"],["2129","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Caliechthrus leucolophus","(Müller, 1840)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt1 p.22,233","White-crowned Cuckoo","White-crowned Cuckoo","White-crowned Cuckoo",null,null,"New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684032","whckoe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whckoe1","avibase-22208B0E",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/38/mode/1up","Cuculus leucolophus"],["2130","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.177,note",null,null,null,"2025-1037","Three genera are recognized in <em>Cacomantis </em>based on plumage and behavior, supported in part by mitochondrial DNA data (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2005): monotypic <em>Heteroscenes </em>(spp. <em>pallidus</em>); monotypic <em>Caliechthrus </em>(spp. <em>leucolophus</em>); and polytypic <em>Cacomantis</em>. As phylogenetic relationships remain poorly resolved, further research will be needed to corroborate these generic allotments.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus flavus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1880, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 1, p. 331). = Cuculus merulinus Scopoli, 1786",null,null,null,"Cacomantis"],["2131","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis castaneiventris","(Gould, 1867)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.20, no.118 p.269","Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo","Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo","Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo",null,null,"New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, north-eastern Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683932","chbcuc3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbcuc3","avibase-26360764",null,null,"Cape York district, Queensland, Australia.","XXXIV. On two new Birds from Eastern Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53344#page/283/mode/1up","Cuculus (Cacomantis) castaneiventris"],["2132","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis flabelliformis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxx","Fan-tailed Cuckoo","Fan-tailed Cuckoo","Fan-tailed Cuckoo",null,null,"montane New Guinea, southwestern and eastern Australia including Tasmania, New Caledonia, Solomon Archipelago, Vanuatu, and Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683941","fatcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatcuc1","avibase-D86848D4",null,null,"New Holland [=Australia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/36/mode/1up","Cuculus flabelliformis"],["2133","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis flabelliformis excitus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50E40A26",null,null,"Owgarra, Angabunga River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/456/mode/1up","Cacomantis excitus"],["2134","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis flabelliformis flabelliformis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxx",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern and eastern Australia south of Cape York Peninsula, including Tasmania; winters to southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58E6D6EE",null,null,"New Holland [=Australia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/36/mode/1up","Cuculus flabelliformis"],["2135","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis flabelliformis pyrrophanus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4225A6BD",null,null,"New Holland, error = New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/252/mode/1up","Cuculus pyrrophanus"],["2136","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis flabelliformis meeki","Rothschild & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"central Solomon Islands (apparently rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4BE00A6",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.","List of a collection of birds made on Ysabel Island in the Solomon Group by Mr. A. S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/654/mode/1up","Cacomantis meeki"],["2137","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis flabelliformis schistaceigularis","Sharpe, 1900","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.22 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE220D0B",null,null,"Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/390/mode/1up","Cacomantis schistaceigularis"],["2138","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis flabelliformis simus","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0582F9E",null,null,"Sandalwood Bay, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/154/mode/1up","Cuculus simus"],["2139","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sonneratii","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.215","Banded Bay Cuckoo","Banded Bay Cuckoo","Banded Bay Cuckoo",null,null,"India and Sri Lanka to southern China, southeastern Asia, Greater Sundas, and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683917","babcuc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babcuc2","avibase-9E932BD4",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/237/mode/1up","Cuculus Sonneratii"],["2140","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sonneratii sonneratii","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh eastward, and Peninsular India from southern Gujarat eastward to southern Indochina and the Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F6137E1",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/237/mode/1up","Cuculus Sonneratii"],["2141","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sonneratii waiti","(Stuart Baker, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B095044",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/185/mode/1up","Penthoceryx sonnerati waiti"],["2142","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sonneratii fasciolatus","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Land- en Volkenkunde pt.6 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Borneo, and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D178B33A",null,null,"Java and Sumatra, restricted to Sumatra by Robinson and Kloss",null,null,"Cuculus fasciolatus"],["2143","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sonneratii musicus","(Ljungh, 1804)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 24 p.310 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8A6F2D2",null,null,"Batavia, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180241#page/330/mode/1up","Cuculus musicus"],["2144","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis passerinus","(Vahl, 1797)","Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet 4 Heft1 p.57","Grey-bellied Cuckoo","Gray-bellied Cuckoo","Grey-bellied Cuckoo",null,null,"India and Pakistan; winters to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683920","placuc3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/placuc3","avibase-84D36C76",null,null,"Tranquebar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267983#page/71/mode/1up","Cuculus passerinus"],["2145","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis merulinus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89","Plaintive Cuckoo","Plaintive Cuckoo","Plaintive Cuckoo",null,null,"southeastern Asia to Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683923","placuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/placuc1","avibase-54089C78",null,null,"Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat, p. 121, pl. 81.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Cuculus merulinus"],["2146","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis merulinus querulus","Heine, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.65 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southern China, Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AF1DEC4",null,null,"Lower Bengal, Assam, Sylhet, Burma and China.","Cuculidina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/368/mode/1up","Cacomantis querulus"],["2147","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis merulinus threnodes","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-006ACC18",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/25/mode/1up","Cacomantis threnodes"],["2148","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis merulinus lanceolatus","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.178,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Sulawesi, and Togian Islands (east of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FA142F9",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/194/mode/1up","Cuculus lanceolatus"],["2149","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis merulinus merulinus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD8261E2",null,null,"Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat, p. 121, pl. 81.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Cuculus merulinus"],["2150","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sepulcralis","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.177","Sunda Brush Cuckoo","Sunda Brush Cuckoo",null,"2025-1036","The <em>Cacomantis sepulcralis-variolosus-aeruginosus</em> complex is treated as six species based mostly on a combined analysis of vocalizations and phenotype (Wu et al. 2022a): polytypic <em>C. sepulcralis</em>; monotypic <em>C. virescens</em>; polytypic <em>C. aeruginosus</em>; polytypic <em>C. variolosus</em>; monotypic <em>C. blandus</em>; and monotypic <em>C. addendus</em>. A comprehensive genetic review of this complex is needed.","tropical rainforest, mangroves, and adjacent clearings from southern Myanmar and southern Thailand southward to Singapore, Sumatra and satellite islands, Java and Bali, and Borneo, eastward through the Lesser Sundas to Alor, and the Philippines (including the Palawan group and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,"brucuc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brucuc2","avibase-27E8D05F",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/193/mode/1up","Cuculus sepulcralis"],["2151","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sepulcralis sepulcralis","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and southern Thailand southward through the Malayan Peninsula, the Greater Sundas, western Lesser Sundas (eastward at least to Sumba and Flores), and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98CF1F7A",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/193/mode/1up","Cuculus sepulcralis"],["2152","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis sepulcralis everetti","Hartert, 1925","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Jolo, Basilan, Tawitawi, and adjacent islands, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50D8CD19",null,null,"Tawi Tawi, Sulu Archipelago.","Review of the genus Cacomantis Müll.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/194/mode/1up","Cacomantis variolosus everetti"],["2153","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis virescens","(Brüggemann, 1876)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.59","Sulawesi Brush Cuckoo","Sulawesi Brush Cuckoo",null,"2025-1036","The <em>Cacomantis sepulcralis-variolosus-aeruginosus</em> complex is treated as six species based mostly on a combined analysis of vocalizations and phenotype (Wu et al. 2022a): polytypic <em>C. sepulcralis</em>; monotypic <em>C. virescens</em>; polytypic <em>C. aeruginosus</em>; polytypic <em>C. variolosus</em>; monotypic <em>C. blandus</em>; and monotypic <em>C. addendus</em>. A comprehensive genetic review of this complex is needed.","Sulawesi region including Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi) and Buton and Tukangbesi (to southeast)",null,null,null,"brucuc5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brucuc5","avibase-42260F4A",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/67/mode/1up","Cuculus virescens"],["2154","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis aeruginosus","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.13 p.458","Moluccan Brush Cuckoo","Moluccan Brush Cuckoo","Moluccan Cuckoo","2025-1036","The <em>Cacomantis sepulcralis-variolosus-aeruginosus</em> complex is treated as six species based mostly on a combined analysis of vocalizations and phenotype (Wu et al. 2022a): polytypic <em>C. sepulcralis</em>; monotypic <em>C. virescens</em>; polytypic <em>C. aeruginosus</em>; polytypic <em>C. variolosus</em>; monotypic <em>C. blandus</em>; and monotypic <em>C. addendus</em>. A comprehensive genetic review of this complex is needed.","northern and central Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683935","molcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molcuc1","avibase-3523C73F",null,null,"Buru, Amboina, Ceram = Buru, apud Hartert 1925, p. 166.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105795#page/466/mode/1up","Cacomantis aeruginosus"],["2155","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis aeruginosus aeruginosus","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.13 p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru, Ambon, and Seram) and Sula Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A38436BD",null,null,"Buru, Amboina, Ceram = Buru, apud Hartert 1925, p. 166.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105795#page/466/mode/1up","Cacomantis aeruginosus"],["2156","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis aeruginosus heinrichi","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Bacan, and Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51B87D91",null,null,"Sibela, 1500 metres, Batjan, off southwestern Halmahera, Moluccas","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. V. Zur Ornithologie von Halmahera und Batjan.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0167-0171.pdf#page=3","Cacomantis heinrichi"],["2157","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.300","Sahul Brush Cuckoo","Sahul Brush Cuckoo",null,"2025-1036","The <em>Cacomantis sepulcralis-variolosus-aeruginosus</em> complex is treated as six species based mostly on a combined analysis of vocalizations and phenotype (Wu et al. 2022a): polytypic <em>C. sepulcralis</em>; monotypic <em>C. virescens</em>; polytypic <em>C. aeruginosus</em>; polytypic <em>C. variolosus</em>; monotypic <em>C. blandus</em>; and monotypic <em>C. addendus</em>. A comprehensive genetic review of this complex is needed.","lowland to foothill rainforest, scrub, and mangroves, from eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor to Wetar) and the Moluccas eastward through New Guinea, including many satellite islands, to Bismarck Archipelago, and southward to northern and eastern Australia; Australian populations migrate to tropics in winter",null,null,null,"brucuc3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brucuc3","avibase-69D823F2",null,null,"Paramatta, New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/309/mode/1up","Cuculus variolosus"],["2158","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus major","Salvadori, 1880","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 1 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai to Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A65351FD",null,null,"Batcian = Bacan, north Moluccas",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219524#page/358/mode/1up","Cacomantis assimilis major"],["2159","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus tymbonomus","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.177, note 3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor, and possibly eastward to Tanimbar Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5C5873E",null,null,"Timor.",null,null,"Cuculus tymbonomus"],["2160","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus infaustus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea and most satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D636BD99",null,null,"Misol.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/29/mode/1up","Cacomantis infaustus"],["2161","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus obscuratus","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5966954D",null,null,"Numfor.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. II. Die Vögel von Numfor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/222/mode/1up","Cacomantis variolosus obscuratus"],["2162","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus variolosus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and eastern Australia (Kimberly to Cape York Peninsula to southern Victoria); winters to Moluccas and New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-931787EF",null,null,"Paramatta, New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/309/mode/1up","Cuculus variolosus"],["2163","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus macrocercus","Stresemann, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.5 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland and Tabar, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D946E1D",null,null,"Blanche Bay, New Britain.","New forms of Munia, Sericornis, Xanthotis, Melipotes, Peltops, Pachycephala, Pinarolestes, Cacomantis, Collocalia, Hemiprocne described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/49/mode/1up","Cacomantis sepulcralis macrocercus"],["2164","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus websteri","Hartert, 1898","Through New Guinea and the Cannibal Countries p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB2EAD81",null,null,"New Hanover.",null,"https://archive.org/details/throughnewguine01websgoog/page/n395","Cacomantis websteri"],["2165","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis variolosus fortior","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51BE6A65",null,null,"Mountains of Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea","On a collection of birds from Goodenough Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/20/mode/1up","Cacomantis assimilis fortior"],["2166","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis addendus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.185","Solomons Brush Cuckoo","Solomons Brush Cuckoo",null,"2025-1036","The <em>Cacomantis sepulcralis-variolosus-aeruginosus</em> complex is treated as six species based mostly on a combined analysis of vocalizations and phenotype (Wu et al. 2022a): polytypic <em>C. sepulcralis</em>; monotypic <em>C. virescens</em>; polytypic <em>C. aeruginosus</em>; polytypic <em>C. variolosus</em>; monotypic <em>C. blandus</em>; and monotypic <em>C. addendus</em>. A comprehensive genetic review of this complex is needed.","Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,"brucuc13","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brucuc13","avibase-195E5FE7",null,null,"Kulambangra [=Kolombangara], Solomon Islands.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/215/mode/1up","Cacomantis addendus"],["2167","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cacomantis blandus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.4 p.290","Manus Brush Cuckoo","Manus Brush Cuckoo",null,"2025-1036","The <em>Cacomantis sepulcralis-variolosus-aeruginosus</em> complex is treated as six species based mostly on a combined analysis of vocalizations and phenotype (Wu et al. 2022a): polytypic <em>C. sepulcralis</em>; monotypic <em>C. virescens</em>; polytypic <em>C. aeruginosus</em>; polytypic <em>C. variolosus</em>; monotypic <em>C. blandus</em>; and monotypic <em>C. addendus</em>. A comprehensive genetic review of this complex is needed.","Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,"brucuc10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brucuc10","avibase-6E88A00E",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","The birds of the Admiralty Islands, north of German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/320/mode/1up","Cacomantis blandus"],["2168","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx","Cabanis, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cercococcyx mechowi [Cabanis, 1882]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Bericht über die Februar-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/242/mode/1up","Cercococcyx"],["2169","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx mechowi","Cabanis, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.230","Dusky Long-tailed Cuckoo","Dusky Long-tailed Cuckoo",null,"2025-1021","Taxon <em>lemaireae </em>is recognized as a cryptic subspecies of <em>Cercococcyx mechowi</em> based on vocalizations (Boesman &amp; Collar 2019) although plumage differences are lacking. Further research needed as morphometric and genetic data may prove informative, and investigation of a potential hybrid zone between these taxa should be considered.","Sierra Leone and northwestern Angola eastward to Uganda and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,"dltcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dltcuc1","avibase-D64491E4",null,null,"Angola.","[Über die Sammlungen des Afrikareisenden Major v. Mechow].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/242/mode/1up","Cercococcyx Mechowi"],["2170","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx mechowi mechowi","Cabanis, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone eastward to eastern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87CE70E6",null,null,"Angola.","[Über die Sammlungen des Afrikareisenden Major v. Mechow].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/242/mode/1up","Cercococcyx Mechowi"],["2171","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx mechowi lemaireae","Boesman & Collar, 2019","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 139, no.2 p.155 [147-159]",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cameroon and northwestern Angola eastward through Uganda and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF965388",null,null,"Grassfield, Mt. Nimba, Liberia, 550 m, 11 August 1967, collected by A. D. Forbes-Watson","Two undescribed species of bird from West Africa.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333826861","Cercococcyx lemaireae"],["2172","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx olivinus","Sassi, 1912","Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 26 p.341,378","Olive Long-tailed Cuckoo","Olive Long-tailed Cuckoo","Olive Long-tailed Cuckoo",null,null,"Liberia to Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, northwestern Zambia, and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683909","oltcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oltcuc1","avibase-CB8FBD65",null,null,"Forest on the mountains bordering the eastern edge of the Rutshuru Plain, 1600 metres, Belgian Congo.","Eine neue Art des Genus Cercococcyx. Cercococcyx olivinus nov. spec..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25957#page/390/mode/1up","Cercococcyx olivinus"],["2173","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx montanus","Chapin, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.313 p.6","Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo","Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo","Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest, riparian woodland, and coastal thickets, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to central Kenya, and southward to southern Mozambique, and in middle Zambezi River forest of southern Zambia and adjacent Zimbabwe; some highland breeders migrate westward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683913","bltcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltcuc1","avibase-B8D42059",null,null,"Kalongi, 6900 feet, Butahu Valley, Ruwenzori Range.","The African cuckoos of the genus Cercococcyx.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3998/","Cercococcyx montanus"],["2174","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx montanus montanus","Chapin, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.313 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in montane forest of the Albertine Rift (southwestern Uganda, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CC6D9A2",null,null,"Kalongi, 6900 feet, Butahu Valley, Ruwenzori Range.","The African cuckoos of the genus Cercococcyx.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3998/","Cercococcyx montanus"],["2175","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cercococcyx montanus patulus","Friedmann, 1928","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"incompletely known; breeds in highlands from Kenya south to Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique; possibly also breeds in lowlands in Tanzania; departs highland breeding areas, with at least some of the population migrating west to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F504C6D",null,null,"Bagilo, Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory.","A new Cuckoo from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Cercococcyx montanus patulus"],["2176","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus lugubris [Horsfield, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 97).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/189/mode/1up","Surniculus"],["2177","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus dicruroides","(Hodgson, 1839)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 8, pt.1, no.86 p.136 pl","Fork-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo","Fork-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo","Fork-tailed Drongo-cuckoo",null,null,"Himalayan foothills, central and southern India, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736080","asidrc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asidrc2","avibase-89141C11",null,null,"Mountains of Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123736#page/160/mode/1up","Pseudornis Dicruroides"],["2178","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus dicruroides dicruroides","(Hodgson, 1839)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 8, pt.1, no.86 p.136 pl",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91CA9C1A",null,null,"Mountains of Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123736#page/160/mode/1up","Pseudornis Dicruroides"],["2179","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus dicruroides stewarti","Stuart Baker, 1920","Novitates Zoologicae 26, no.2 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C67A5D3",null,null,"Ceylon.","Some notes on the genus Surniculus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24180#page/313/mode/1up","Surniculus lugubris stewarti"],["2180","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus velutinus","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.320","Philippine Drongo-Cuckoo","Philippine Drongo-Cuckoo","Philippine Drongo-cuckoo",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736098","phidrc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phidrc1","avibase-7187E85C",null,null,"Malamaui, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/442/mode/1up","Surniculus velutinus"],["2181","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus velutinus chalybaeus","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.237 [205-281]",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C6B19BB",null,null,"Lamao, Bataan, Luzon","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Surniculus lugubris chalybaeus"],["2182","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus velutinus velutinus","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (eastern Visayas and Mindanao group)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0500910",null,null,"Malamaui, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/442/mode/1up","Surniculus velutinus"],["2183","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus velutinus suluensis","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Jolo, Bongao, and Tawi Tawi, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CB1D48B",null,null,"Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Islands","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Surniculus lugubris suluensis"],["2184","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus musschenbroeki","Meyer, 1878","Ornithological Miscellany 3 p.164","Moluccan Drongo-Cuckoo","Moluccan Drongo-Cuckoo","Moluccan Drongo-cuckoo",null,null,"Sulawesi region including Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi) and Buton (to southeast), and Halmahera, Bacan, and Obi (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736089","asidrc4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asidrc4","avibase-1D90D496",null,null,"Batjan, error = Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108980#page/226/mode/1up","Surniculus musschenbroeki"],["2185","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus lugubris","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.179","Square-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo","Square-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo","Square-tailed Drongo-cuckoo",null,null,"northwestern Himalayas to southeastern China, southward to Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and Palawan group (western Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728167","asidrc3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asidrc3","avibase-A6A5EE59",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/198/mode/1up","Cuculus lugubris"],["2186","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus lugubris barussarum","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern India through northern southeastern Asia and southeastern China, including Hainan; winters southward to Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC9F703D",null,null,"Tana Bala Island, Batu Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/123/mode/1up","Surniculus lugubris barussarum"],["2187","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus lugubris brachyurus","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Kashmir eastward to northeastern India and Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand southward through the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo, and Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3B0DC73",null,null,"Bentong, Pahang, Malay States.","Die Vögel von Bali. Aus den zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/360/mode/1up","Surniculus lugubris brachyurus"],["2188","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Surniculus lugubris lugubris","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB8EC254",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/198/mode/1up","Cuculus lugubris"],["2189","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx","Müller, 1842","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. no.8 p.233,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus fugax [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Hierococcyx"],["2190","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx vagans","(Müller, 1845)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt8 p.233,note","Moustached Hawk-Cuckoo","Moustached Hawk-Cuckoo","Moustached Hawk-Cuckoo",null,null,"southern Myanmar including Mergui Archipelago, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683850","mohcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mohcuc1","avibase-7B055529",null,null,"Java.",null,null,"Cuculus vagans"],["2191","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx bocki","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4 p.159","Bock's Hawk-Cuckoo","Bock's Hawk-Cuckoo",null,"2026-062","<em>Hierococcyx tiganada</em> is recognized as a cryptic new species distinct from <em>H. bocki</em> based on its unique vocalizations and lack of playback response (Rheindt et al. 2025).","mountains of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,"larhac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larhac1","avibase-EA046D58",null,null,"Mountains of western Sumatra; type from Mt. Sago.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippine Islands. No. 2. On Additional Collections of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/199/mode/1up","Hierococcyx bocki"],["2192","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx tiganada","Rheindt, Teo, Eaton & Ng, 2025","Journal of Asian Ornithology 41 p.34-43","Penan Hawk-Cuckoo","Penan Hawk-Cuckoo",null,"2026-062","<em>Hierococcyx tiganada</em> is recognized as a cryptic new species distinct from <em>H. bocki</em> based on its unique vocalizations and lack of playback response (Rheindt et al. 2025).","mountains of Borneo",null,null,null,"penhac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/penhac1","avibase-78A432E0",null,null,"Kiau, Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo, 3000 ft.; 9 April 1929 by Frederick Nutter Chasen","A new and cryptic species of hawk-cuckoo (genus Hierococcyx) from Borneo","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395710820","Hierococcyx tiganada"],["2193","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx sparverioides","(Vigors, 1832)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.17 text to pl.53","Large Hawk-Cuckoo","Large Hawk-Cuckoo","Large Hawk-Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds from Himalayas of northeastern Pakistan eastward to southern China, and southward to hills south of the Brahmaputra River to Taiwan; winters from southern India (Eastern and Western Ghats) eastward to lowlands of the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728111","larhac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larhac2","avibase-CC033E81",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/227/mode/1up","Cuculus sparverioïdes"],["2194","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx varius","(Vahl, 1797)","Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet 4 Heft1 p.61","Common Hawk-Cuckoo","Common Hawk-Cuckoo","Common Hawk-Cuckoo",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, plantation, and gardens, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to western Myanmar, and southward through India to Sri Lanka; partially migratory at higher elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683846","cohcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cohcuc1","avibase-0880DDC8",null,null,"Tranquebar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267983#page/75/mode/1up","Cuculus varius"],["2195","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx varius varius","(Vahl, 1797)","Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet 4 Heft1 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"India to Nepal, Bangladesh, and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB99E6ED",null,null,"Tranquebar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267983#page/75/mode/1up","Cuculus varius"],["2196","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx varius ciceliae","Phillips, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.56 [56-57]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE532843",null,null,"Caledonia Estate, Lindula, Dimbula District, Central Province, Ceylon","A new Race of the Common Hawk Cuckoo from Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/82/mode/1up","Hierococcyx varius ciceliae"],["2197","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx hyperythrus","(Gould, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.306 p.96","Northern Hawk-Cuckoo","Northern Hawk-Cuckoo","Northern Hawk-Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); winters to southeastern Asia, northern Borneo, and northern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734038","nohcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nohcuc1","avibase-207B3537",null,null,"China, i.e. Shanghai.","Descriptions of Two New Species of true Cuckoos (Genus Cuculus as restricted).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/132/mode/1up","Cuculus hyperythrus"],["2198","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx pectoralis","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.27","Philippine Hawk-Cuckoo","Philippine Hawk-Cuckoo","Philippine Hawk-Cuckoo",null,null,"Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734054","phhcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phhcuc1","avibase-0A04334E",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/33/mode/1up","Hiracococcyx pectoralis"],["2199","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx fugax","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.178","Malayan Hawk-Cuckoo","Malayan Hawk-Cuckoo","Malay Hawk-Cuckoo",null,null,"southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728125","malhac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malhac1","avibase-FBCC3C2F",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/197/mode/1up","Cuculus fugax"],["2200","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Hierococcyx nisicolor","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.943","Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo","Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo","Whistling Hawk-Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds Himalayas from eastern Nepal and hills south of the Brahmaputra River eastward to eastern China, from southern Sichuan northeast to Jiangsu and southeast to Hainan, and northern southeastern Asia; winters to Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734046","hodhac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hodhac1","avibase-099F2928",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/459/mode/1up","Cuculus nisicolor"],["2201","genus","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus canorus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/128/mode/1up","Cuculus"],["2202","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus clamosus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxx","Black Cuckoo","Black Cuckoo","Black Cuckoo",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, open woodland, riparian woodland, farmbush, and acacia thickets, from Sierra Leone eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Kenya, and southward to northeastern Namibia and southern South Africa; southern and eastern populations migrate post-breeding to equatorial and West Africa, northward to Senegambia and eastward to southern Chad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683866","blacuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacuc1","avibase-EDB84334",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope = Cradock Division, Cape Province, fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 56, 1936, p. 116.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/36/mode/1up","Cuculus clamosus"],["2203","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus clamosus gabonensis","de Lafresnaye, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia eastward to Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02E915C3",null,null,"Ad Occidentalis Africa, littora in Regno Gabonensi.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/68/mode/1up","Cuculus Gabonensis"],["2204","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus clamosus clamosus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxx",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia and Somalia to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C07FB88A",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope = Cradock Division, Cape Province, fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 56, 1936, p. 116.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/36/mode/1up","Cuculus clamosus"],["2205","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus solitarius","Stephens, 1815","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.84, pl.18","Red-chested Cuckoo","Red-chested Cuckoo","Red-chested Cuckoo",null,null,"intra-African migrant south of the Sahara",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683862","reccuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccuc1","avibase-26A34DA5",null,null,"Caffraria and Madagascar = eastern Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/142/mode/1up","Cuculus solitarius"],["2206","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus poliocephalus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.214","Lesser Cuckoo","Lesser Cuckoo","Lesser Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan and Kashmir eastward through Himalayan foothills to Khasi and Naga Hills, northern Myanmar, and northern Indochina, across China (including Hainan), Taiwan, where seems to be resident, to Ussuriland (southeastern Russia), Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Izu Islands and central Ryukyu Islands); winters in Sri Lanka and eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683889","lescuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lescuc1","avibase-FF41B79F",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/236/mode/1up","Cuculus poliocephalus"],["2207","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus crassirostris","(Walden, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9 p.305","Sulawesi Cuckoo","Sulawesi Cuckoo","Sulawesi Cuckoo",null,null,"mountains of Sulawesi including Buton (to southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683827","suhcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suhcuc1","avibase-D2EB8DC9",null,null,"Northern Celebes.","XXXII. Description of a supposed new Species of Cuckoo from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/319/mode/1up","Hierococcyx crassirostris"],["2208","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus micropterus","Gould, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.60 p.137","Indian Cuckoo","Indian Cuckoo","Indian Cuckoo",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest and secondary growth from Kashmir and Nepal eastward to eastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Ussuriland (Russia), and southward to India and Sri Lanka, and to Sumatra, Borneo, and Java, with breeding status in Japan unknown; northern populations winter to Philippines and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683870","indcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indcuc1","avibase-5CFEDF61",null,null,"Himalayas.","[Characters of New Species of Birds among a Collection from the Himalaya Mountains].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/309/mode/1up","Cuculus micropterus"],["2209","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus micropterus micropterus","Gould, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.60 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kashmir and Himalayan foothills southward through India to Sri Lanka, and eastward through Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and northern Indochina to eastern and northeastern China (including Hainan), Korean Peninsula, and Russian Far East, with status in Japan obscure; winters southward to Andaman and Nicobar islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B201028",null,null,"Himalayas.","[Characters of New Species of Birds among a Collection from the Himalaya Mountains].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/309/mode/1up","Cuculus micropterus"],["2210","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus micropterus concretus","Müller, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt8 p.236,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Vietnam to southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD7500D4",null,null,"Borneo.",null,null,"Cuculus concretus"],["2211","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus gularis","Stephens, 1815","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.83, pl.17","African Cuckoo","African Cuckoo","African Cuckoo",null,null,"Senegambia to Somalia and South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683879","afrcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrcuc1","avibase-66931B3F",null,null,"No locality = Camdeboo, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/141/mode/1up","Cuculus gularis"],["2212","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus rochii","Hartlaub, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.224","Madagascar Cuckoo","Madagascar Cuckoo","Madagascar Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds Madagascar; winters in eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683893","madcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madcuc1","avibase-C2E0717C",null,null,"Madagascar.","On a New Bird from the Island of Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/278/mode/1up","Cuculus rochii"],["2213","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus lepidus","Müller, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt8 p.236,note","Sunda Cuckoo","Sunda Cuckoo","Sunda Cuckoo",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, and Greater and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734726","suncuc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suncuc2","avibase-BC2989BC",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/252/mode/1up","Cuculus lepidus"],["2214","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus saturatus","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.942","Himalayan Cuckoo","Himalayan Cuckoo","Himalayan Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds southern Himalayas to southern China; winters to Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734715","himcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himcuc1","avibase-66812DE2",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/458/mode/1up","Cuculus saturatus"],["2215","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus optatus","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.145 p.18","Oriental Cuckoo","Oriental Cuckoo","Oriental Cuckoo",null,null,"breeds western Russia and Kazakhstan through northeastern Russia to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and Taiwan; winters southeastern Asia, Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines to northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region of Western Australia to southern New South Wales), New Guinea and satellite islands, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734721","oricuc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oricuc2","avibase-6A735030",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Trogon, from South America, and seven new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/232/mode/1up","Cuculus optatus"],["2216","species","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus canorus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.110","Common Cuckoo","Common Cuckoo","Common Cuckoo",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, woodland, moor, and wooded steppe, breeding across the Palearctic from western Europe eastward to Kamchatka and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), and southward to northwestern Africa, northern Iran, northern (and locally central) India, and southern China; winters to central and southern Africa, and southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683873","comcuc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcuc","avibase-B3D2C3C5",null,null,"Europe = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/128/mode/1up","Cuculus canorus"],["2217","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus canorus canorus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe, Siberia to Kamchatka and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A54EAA2F",null,null,"Europe = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/128/mode/1up","Cuculus canorus"],["2218","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus canorus bangsi","Oberholser, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, and northwestern Africa; winters in Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCDADFE9",null,null,"Northern and central Spain.","Mutanda ornithologica VI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/44/mode/1up","Cuculus canorus bangsi"],["2219","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus canorus subtelephonus","Zarudny, 1914","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 5, no.2 p.108,114",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Asia from Turkmenistan eastward to southern Mongolia (western Ala Shan); winters in southern Asia and Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EBCA960",null,null,"Turkestan.","[Notiz über die Kuckucke von Turkestan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/136/mode/1up","Cuculus canorus subtelephonus"],["2220","subspecies","Cuculiformes","Cuculidae","Cuckoos","Cuculus canorus bakeri","Hartert, 1912","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.948",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills in northwestern (and locally central) India, Nepal, Khasi Hills, Myanmar (including Shan States), south-central China (western Sichuan), northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, northern Vietnam, and southern China; winters to Assam and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94DF1D26",null,null,"Khasia Hills, Shillong, Assam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/152/mode/1up","Cuculus canorus bakeri"],["2221","order","Mesitornithiformes",null,null,"Mesitornithiformes",null,null,"Mesites",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["2222","family","Mesitornithiformes","Mesitornithidae","Mesites","Mesitornithidae",null,null,"Mesites","Mesites","Mesites",null,null,null,null,null,null,"mesito1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mesito1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["2223","genus","Mesitornithiformes","Mesitornithidae","Mesites","Monias","Oustalet & Grandidier, 1903","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 9, no.1 p.11,12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Monias benschi [Oustalet & G. Grandidier, 1903]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Description d'une nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau, type d'un genre nouveau, provenant de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27181#page/23/mode/1up","Monias"],["2224","species","Mesitornithiformes","Mesitornithidae","Mesites","Monias benschi","Oustalet & Grandidier, 1903","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 9, no.1 p.11","Subdesert Mesite","Subdesert Mesite","Subdesert Mesite",null,null,"coastal subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692971","submes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/submes1","avibase-E3662B23",null,null,"Vorondreo, 25 km. east of Tulear, Madagascar.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau, type d'un genre nouveau, provenant de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27181#page/23/mode/1up","Monias Benschi"],["2225","genus","Mesitornithiformes","Mesitornithidae","Mesites","Mesitornis","Bonaparte, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.484",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mesites variegata [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/488/mode/1up","Mesitornis"],["2226","species","Mesitornithiformes","Mesitornithidae","Mesites","Mesitornis variegatus","(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1838)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 6 p.444","White-breasted Mesite","White-breasted Mesite","White-breasted Mesite",null,null,"dry deciduous forest of western Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692949","whbmes2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbmes2","avibase-ABDA1FE5",null,null,"Madagascar.","Notice sur trois nouveaux genres d'oiseaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87988#page/456/mode/1up","Mesites variegata"],["2227","species","Mesitornithiformes","Mesitornithidae","Mesites","Mesitornis unicolor","(des Murs, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.176","Brown Mesite","Brown Mesite","Brown Mesite",null,null,"rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692966","bromes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bromes1","avibase-9963109A",null,null,"Madagascar.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/184/mode/1up","Mesites unicolor"],["2228","order","Pterocliformes",null,null,"Pterocliformes",null,null,"Sandgrouse",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["2229","family","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pteroclidae",null,null,"Sandgrouse","Sandgrouse","Sandgrouse",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pteroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pteroc1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["2230","genus","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Syrrhaptes","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.243",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao paradoxus [Lin Gmel.]; type by monotypy = Tetrao paradoxa Pallas, 1773",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/267/mode/1up","Syrrhaptes"],["2231","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Syrrhaptes paradoxus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.712","Pallas's Sandgrouse","Pallas's Sandgrouse","Pallas's Sandgrouse",null,null,"sandy steppes of central Asia from western Kazakhstan to northeastern and east-central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692980","palsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palsan1","avibase-BDCB55F1",null,null,"Southern part of the Tartarian Desert.",null,null,"Tetrao paradoxa"],["2232","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Syrrhaptes tibetanus","Gould, 1850","The birds of Asia 6 pt2 pl.6,text {pl.61 bnd.vol.}","Tibetan Sandgrouse","Tibetan Sandgrouse","Tibetan Sandgrouse",null,null,"desert of eastern Afghanistan to Tibetan plateau",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692977","tibsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibsan1","avibase-06AC42C7",null,null,"Tsomoriri Lake, Ladak [=Ladakh, India], Tibet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121124#page/69/mode/1up","Syrrhaptes tibetanus"],["2233","genus","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.238,712",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao alchata [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 62).",null,null,null,"Pterocles"],["2234","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles decoratus","Cabanis, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413","Black-faced Sandgrouse","Black-faced Sandgrouse","Black-faced Sandgrouse",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry savanna, bushveld, thornscrub, and semi-desert scrub, from southern Ethiopia and western Somalia southward through eastern Kenya to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693013","blfsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfsan1","avibase-70AFED2C",null,null,"Lake Jipe, near Mt. Kilimanjaro.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Pterocles decoratus"],["2235","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles decoratus ellenbecki","Erlanger, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kenya, southern Ethiopia, and southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3307F54",null,null,"Sidimun, southern Somaliland.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zoogeographie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/106/mode/1up","Pterocles decoratus ellenbecki"],["2236","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles decoratus decoratus","Cabanis, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna and coastal dunes of southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19C2F659",null,null,"Lake Jipe, near Mt. Kilimanjaro.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Pterocles decoratus"],["2237","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles decoratus loveridgei","(Friedmann, 1928)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B055041D",null,null,"Dodoma, Tanganyika Territory.","A new Sand-grouse and a new Courser from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Eremialector decoratus loveridgei"],["2238","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles bicinctus","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.247,713","Double-banded Sandgrouse","Double-banded Sandgrouse","Double-banded Sandgrouse",null,null,"lowland and foothill subdesert, stony ground, miombo and open woodland, and acacia savanna, from southwestern Angola eastward through to central Mozambique, and southward through Namibia and western Zimbabwe to northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693017","dobsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dobsan1","avibase-54059277",null,null,"Great Fish River, Great Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/261/mode/1up","Pterocles bicinctus"],["2239","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles bicinctus ansorgei","(Benson, 1947)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF6F8378",null,null,"Huxe, Benguella, Angola","A new Race of Double-banded Sand-Grouse from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/105/mode/1up","Eremialector bicinctus ansorgei"],["2240","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles bicinctus bicinctus","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.247,713",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia, Botswana, and northwestern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A61A74D3",null,null,"Great Fish River, Great Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/261/mode/1up","Pterocles bicinctus"],["2241","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles bicinctus multicolor","Hartert, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia and Malawi southward to Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-752A6510",null,null,"Rustenburg, Transvaal.","Exhibition of a new subspecies of Sand-Grouse from E. Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/79/mode/1up","Pterocles bicinctus multicolor"],["2242","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles quadricinctus","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.252","Four-banded Sandgrouse","Four-banded Sandgrouse","Four-banded Sandgrouse",null,null,"savanna and thornscrub of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693021","fobsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fobsan1","avibase-461482EA",null,null,"Coromandel, error = Senegal, cf. C. H. B. Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 35.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/266/mode/1up","Pterocles quadricinctus"],["2243","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles indicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.755","Painted Sandgrouse","Painted Sandgrouse","Painted Sandgrouse",null,null,"arid rocky lowlands of eastern Pakistan and Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693025","paisan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paisan1","avibase-03CF8CB5",null,null,"Coromandel, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/256/mode/1up","Tetrao indicus"],["2244","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles lichtensteinii","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60, vol.5 pl.355; livr.61, pl.361","Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse","Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse","Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse",null,null,"rocky and scrubby areas in desert, semi-desert, and arid bushveld from the Sahel and the Sahara in western Morocco, Western Sahara, and northern Mauritania eastward to Sudan and eastern Egypt, and southward to southwestern Somalia and northern Kenya, in the Sinai Peninsula and southern Jordan southward across the Arabian Peninsula to coastal Yemen and Socotra, and in southeastern Iran, and southwestern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693028","licsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/licsan1","avibase-F3715F7B",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/139/mode/1up","Pterocles lichtensteinii"],["2245","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles lichtensteinii targius","Geyr von Schweppenburg, 1916","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Sahara and Sahel from Morocco and Mauritania to Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE9E8E98",null,null,"Sources of the Tahart River c^, and Oued Raris 9, northern Tuareg country.","Neue Formen aus dem nördlichen Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/70/mode/1up","Pterocles lichtensteini targius"],["2246","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles lichtensteinii lichtensteinii","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60, vol.5 pl.355; livr.61, pl.361",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Israel, Sinai, southeastern Egypt to northern Ethiopia, northern Somalia, and Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-582AA0BC",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/139/mode/1up","Pterocles lichtensteinii"],["2247","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles lichtensteinii sukensis","Neumann, 1909","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and northwestern and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB9473B5",null,null,"Turkwell, Suk region, Kenya Colony.","Neue Formen von Pterocles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/171/mode/1up","Pterocles lichtensteini sukensis"],["2248","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles lichtensteinii arabicus","Neumann, 1909","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arabian Peninsula to southern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5586618B",null,null,"Lahej, Arabia.","Neue Formen von Pterocles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/170/mode/1up","Pterocles lichtensteini arabicus"],["2249","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles lichtensteinii ingramsi","Bates & Kinnear, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Yemen (Hadhramaut)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7AEB436",null,null,"Wadi Izhab, Hadhramaut, Arabia","Remarks, and description of a new race of Sandgrouse.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/184/mode/1up","Pterocles lichtensteinii ingramsi"],["2250","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles burchelli","Sclater, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.74","Burchell's Sandgrouse","Burchell's Sandgrouse","Burchell's Sandgrouse",null,null,"southeastern Angola to Namibia, Botswana, and northern Cape Province",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693032","bursan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bursan1","avibase-176A4101",null,null,"Bechuanaland, i.e. near Griquatown [Northern Cape province, South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/296/mode/1up","Pterocles (Eremialector) burchelli"],["2251","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles alchata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.276","Pin-tailed Sandgrouse","Pin-tailed Sandgrouse","Pin-tailed Sandgrouse",null,null,"disjunctly on treeless plains, semi-desert, open steppe, and dry cultivation, in Iberia southward to northwestern Africa (Morocco to northern Libya), and from southeastern Türkiye and Middle East eastward to western Iran, and from southern Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan southward to western Pakistan; northern populations in central Asia migratory and nomadic, southward to central Arabian Peninsula, northeastern Iran, southern Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692983","pitsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitsan1","avibase-493C4CF8",null,null,"'Monspelii, in Pyrenaeis, Sjnria, Arabia' = southwestern Europe, from the first revisor, Bogdanow, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 27, 1881, col. 165-167.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/280/mode/1up","Tetrao Alchata"],["2252","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles alchata alchata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"Spain and southern France; formerly Portugal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A562BEC4",null,null,"'Monspelii, in Pyrenaeis, Sjnria, Arabia' = southwestern Europe, from the first revisor, Bogdanow, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 27, 1881, col. 165-167.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/280/mode/1up","Tetrao Alchata"],["2253","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles alchata caudacutus","(Gmelin, 1774)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 3 p.93 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"western Sahara to Middle East and western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4665BDD9",null,null,"Northern Persia.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11062279?page=101&q=Tetrao+caudacutus","Tetrao caudacutus"],["2254","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles gutturalis","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.56","Yellow-throated Sandgrouse","Yellow-throated Sandgrouse","Yellow-throated Sandgrouse",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane short grassland, grassy plains near swamps, and recently burned areas, of central Ethiopia, and from south-central Kenya southward to northeastern Zambia, and from western Zambia and northeastern Namibia southward to north-central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692998","yetsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetsan1","avibase-8B6EA5FA",null,null,"Near Kurrichane, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/136/mode/1up","Pterocles gutturalis"],["2255","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles gutturalis saturatior","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Kenya, Tanzania, and far northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2600F8E",null,null,"Campi ya Simba, Kenya Colony.","Another small contribution to African ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/43/mode/1up","Pterocles gutturalis saturatior"],["2256","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles gutturalis gutturalis","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia and Botswana to north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-896A4253",null,null,"Near Kurrichane, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/136/mode/1up","Pterocles gutturalis"],["2257","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles personatus","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.15","Madagascar Sandgrouse","Madagascar Sandgrouse","Madagascar Sandgrouse",null,null,"arid lowlands of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693009","madsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madsan1","avibase-AFBB3FB7",null,null,"No locality = Majambo Bay, Madagascar.","Exhibition and description of two new species of Birds, from the collection formed by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., during the voyage of Her Majesty's Ship 'Sulphur'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/383/mode/1up","Pterocles personatus"],["2258","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles coronatus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.65","Crowned Sandgrouse","Crowned Sandgrouse","Crowned Sandgrouse",null,null,"desert to semi-desert and rocky areas across the Sahara from southern Morocco and Western Sahara eastward to northeastern Libya and northern Sudan, in eastern Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, southern Jordan, and Israel, patchily across the Arabian Peninsula southward to Yemen and Oman; and in eastern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and southwestern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693005","crosan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crosan1","avibase-90194DA5",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/85/mode/1up","Pterocles coronatus"],["2259","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles coronatus coronatus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sahara to Mediterranean and Morocco eastward to Red Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D37687C",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/85/mode/1up","Pterocles coronatus"],["2260","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles coronatus vastitas","Meinertzhagen, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Sinai Peninsula and desert of southern Israel and Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9175AC19",null,null,"Wadi Martaba, southern Palestine.","Description of a new race of Coronetted Sand-Grouse.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/78/mode/1up","Pterocles coronatus vastitus"],["2261","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles coronatus saturatus","Kinnear, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of interior of Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18528ED3",null,null,"Ajib, 20 miles inland between Shinas and Murair, Oman Peninsula.","Description of a new race of Sand-Grouse from the Oman Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/46/mode/1up","Pterocles coronatus saturatus"],["2262","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles coronatus atratus","Hartert, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and southern Iran to western Pakistan and Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F04D8C3",null,null,"Eastern Persia.","[Exhibition and description of a new form of Sand-Grouse].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/306/mode/1up","Pterocles coronatus atratus"],["2263","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles coronatus ladas","Koelz, 1954","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Baluchistan and Sind, southwestern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0A7FE9A",null,null,"Soneri Lake, Sind, West Pakistan","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Pterocles coronatus ladas"],["2264","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles senegallus","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.526","Spotted Sandgrouse","Spotted Sandgrouse","Spotted Sandgrouse",null,null,"desert of sub-Saharan Africa and Arabian Peninsula to western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692994","sposan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sposan1","avibase-942BC618",null,null,"Senegal, error, Algeria accepted as type locality by Hartert, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 7.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Tetrao senegallus"],["2265","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles orientalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.161","Black-bellied Sandgrouse","Black-bellied Sandgrouse","Black-bellied Sandgrouse",null,null,"steppe and semi-desert plains from the Iberian Peninsula, eastern Canary Islands, and northwestern Africa, eastward across Cyprus, Türkiye, the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Iran to eastern India, southern Kazakhstan, and far western China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693002","blbsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbsan1","avibase-06B41945",null,null,"'In Oriente' = Anatolia, ex Hasselquist.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/180/mode/1up","Tetrao orientalis"],["2266","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles orientalis orientalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (eastern Canary Islands), Iberian Peninsula, and Morocco to western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADC8231B",null,null,"'In Oriente' = Anatolia, ex Hasselquist.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/180/mode/1up","Tetrao orientalis"],["2267","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles orientalis arenarius","(Pallas, 1775)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.418, pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Kazakhstan to southern Iran, Afghanistan, and northwestern China (northwestern Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECA1D6B8",null,null,"Steppes \"inter rhymnum et volgam\" and about the Volga towards Astrachan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113774#page/504/mode/1up","Tetrao arenaria"],["2268","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles namaqua","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.754","Namaqua Sandgrouse","Namaqua Sandgrouse","Namaqua Sandgrouse",null,null,"dry grassland of southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692986","namsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/namsan1","avibase-AAEF597A",null,null,"Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/255/mode/1up","Tetrao Namaqua"],["2269","species","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles exustus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60, vol.5 pl.354; livr.61, pl.360","Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse","Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse","Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse",null,null,"disjunct populations in Africa and Asia, in lowland and foothill bare semi-desert, grassland, and open thornscrub, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to central Egypt and Somalia, and southward to northern Tanzania, and in southern Arabian Peninsula, and from southeastern Iran to India; nomadic seasonal wandering; introduced to Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692990","chbsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbsan","avibase-F5DE9155",null,null,"West coast of Africa, Egypt and Nubia, = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/147/mode/1up","Pterocles exustus"],["2270","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles exustus floweri","Nicoll, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly widespread in Nile Valley of northern and central Egypt; population greatly reduced (had been considered extinct), but recent records from south-central Egypt presumably are this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAE6FEF9",null,null,"Jamia, Faiyum, Egypt.","Description of a new subspecies of Sand-Grouse from Upper Egypt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/158/mode/1up","Pterocles senegalensis floweri"],["2271","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles exustus exustus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60, vol.5 pl.354; livr.61, pl.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A06830B",null,null,"West coast of Africa, Egypt and Nubia, = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/147/mode/1up","Pterocles exustus"],["2272","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles exustus ellioti","Bogdanov, 1881","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 27 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan, Eritrea, northern Ethiopia, and northern and central Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B6D9C10",null,null,"Abyssinia [=Ethiopia]",null,null,"Pterocles ellioti"],["2273","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles exustus olivascens","(Hartert, 1909)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, southwestern Somalia, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12416A48",null,null,"Campi ya Simba, Kenya Colony. ,Campi-ya-Simba in Ukamba; (probably Simba, about 60 miles north of Kilimanjaro), southern Kenya","Neue Formen von Pterocles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/201/mode/1up","Pteroclurus exustus olivascens"],["2274","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles exustus erlangeri","(Neumann, 1909)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5239DAD8",null,null,"El Hota, Lahej, southern Arabia.","Neue Formen von Pterocles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/172/mode/1up","Pteroclurus exustus erlangeri"],["2275","subspecies","Pterocliformes","Pteroclidae","Sandgrouse","Pterocles exustus hindustan","Meinertzhagen, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iran to Pakistan and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6ACC39E",null,null,"Sambhar, Rajputana, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/564/mode/1up","Pterocles senegalensis hindustan"],["2276","order","Columbiformes",null,null,"Columbiformes",null,null,"Doves and Pigeons",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["2277","family","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbidae",null,null,"Doves and Pigeons","Pigeons and Doves","Pigeons, Doves",null,null,null,null,null,null,"columb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/columb2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["2278","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Claravis","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba cinerea [Temminck, 1811]; type by original designation = Peristera pretiosa Ferrari-Pérez, 1886",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/213/mode/1up","Claravis"],["2279","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Claravis pretiosa","(Ferrari-Pérez, 1886)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9 p.175","Blue Ground Dove","Blue Ground Dove","Blue Ground Dove",null,null,"southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to northern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690809","blgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blgdov1","avibase-C4C9F313",null,null,"Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/189/mode/1up","Peristera pretiosa"],["2280","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Uropelia","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columbina campestris [von Spix, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/230/mode/1up","Uropelia"],["2281","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Uropelia campestris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.57, pl.75, f.2","Long-tailed Ground Dove","Long-tailed Ground Dove","Long-tailed Ground Dove",null,null,"west-central Brazil (Mato Grosso) and adjacent Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690849","ltgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltgdov1","avibase-B83876CC",null,null,"Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/71/mode/1up","Columbina campestris"],["2282","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Paraclaravis","Sangster, Sweet & Johnson, 2018","Zootaxa 4461(1) p.134-140.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Peristera mondetoura [Bonaparte, 1856]",null,"Paraclaravis, a new genus for the Purple-winged and Maroon-chested Ground-doves (Aves: Columbidae)",null,"Paraclaravis"],["2283","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Paraclaravis geoffroyi","(Temminck, 1811)","Les Pigeons p.125, pl.57","Purple-winged Ground Dove","Purple-winged Ground Dove","Purple-winged Ground Dove",null,null,"very rare and local, if not extinct; southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690819","pwgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pwgdov1","avibase-1652D541",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/311/mode/1up","Columba Godefrida"],["2284","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Paraclaravis mondetoura","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.765","Maroon-chested Ground Dove","Maroon-chested Ground Dove","Maroon-chested Ground Dove",null,null,"montane forest with extensive bamboo stands from southeastern Mexico (southern Veracruz and northern Chiapas), southward patchily across montane regions from Guatemala to western Panama, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, the mountains of central coastal Venezuela, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward patchily in the Andes from Colombia to central Bolivia (central Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690814","mcgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mcgdov1","avibase-B3FE23FB",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux d'Asie et d'Amérique, et tableaux paralléliques des Pélagiens ou GAVIae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/775/mode/1up","Peristera mondetoura"],["2285","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba melanoptera [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Columba melanoptera G.I. Molina, 1782  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/33/mode/1up","Metriopelia"],["2286","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia aymara","(Prévost, 1840)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.62, pl.32","Golden-spotted Ground Dove","Golden-spotted Ground Dove","Golden-spotted Ground Dove",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690844","gsgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gsgdov1","avibase-A12A84C3",null,null,"Tacora, 'Bolivia' = Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/74/mode/1up","Columba Aymara"],["2287","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia melanoptera","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.236,345","Black-winged Ground Dove","Black-winged Ground Dove","Black-winged Ground Dove",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia to southern Argentina and southern Chile to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690839","bwgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bwgdov1","avibase-C28815B3",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=237&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Columba Melanoptera"],["2288","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia melanoptera saturatior","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F90F97C",null,null,"Canar, 3000 metres, Ecuador.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/58/mode/1up","Metriopelia melanoptera saturatior"],["2289","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia melanoptera melanoptera","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.236,345",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to southern Argentina and southern Chile to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B47E42BF",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=237&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Columba Melanoptera"],["2290","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia morenoi","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.54","Moreno's Ground Dove","Bare-eyed Ground Dove","Moreno's Ground Dove",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690834","begdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/begdov1","avibase-D6484023",null,null,"Incahausi, 3000 feet, Salta, Argentina.","[Description of a new species of Dove from the Province of Salta, Argentina].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/312/mode/1up","Gymnopelia morenoi"],["2291","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia ceciliae","(Lesson, 1845)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 12 no.1 col.8","Bare-faced Ground Dove","Bare-faced Ground Dove","Bare-faced Ground Dove",null,null,"puna and arid grasslands with rock outcrops in the Andes from northern Peru (Cajamarca and adjacent Piura) southward to northernmost Chile, and across Bolivia to far northwestern Argentina (to Jujuy and northern Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690829","bfgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfgdov1","avibase-2F40A0F8",null,null,"Peru.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre colombe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180989#page/33/mode/1up","Columba (Chamoepelia) Ceciliae"],["2292","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia ceciliae ceciliae","(Lesson, 1845)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 12 no.1 col.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-041F22E9",null,null,"Peru.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre colombe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180989#page/33/mode/1up","Columba (Chamoepelia) Ceciliae"],["2293","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia ceciliae obsoleta","(Zimmer, 1924)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42417813",null,null,"Cullcui, 10400 feet, Marañón River, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/9/mode/1up","Gymnopelia ceciliae obsoleta"],["2294","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Metriopelia ceciliae zimmeri","Peters, 1937","Check-list of birds of the world 3 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Peru to Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74D3454C",null,null,"Challapata, 3750 metres, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50577#page/120/mode/1up","Metriopelia ceciliae zimmeri"],["2295","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.57-58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columbina strepitans [von Spix, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 75).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/71/mode/1up","Columbina"],["2296","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina cyanopis","(Pelzeln, 1870)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.227,336","Blue-eyed Ground Dove","Blue-eyed Ground Dove","Blue-eyed Ground Dove",null,null,"Cerrado of south-central Brazil",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690804","begdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/begdov2","avibase-C6FA453A",null,null,"Cuyabá, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/346/mode/1up","Peristera cyanopis"],["2297","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina cruziana","(Prévost, 1842)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.89, pl.48","Croaking Ground Dove","Croaking Ground Dove","Croaking Ground Dove",null,null,"arid western Ecuador, Peru, and northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690799","crgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crgdov1","avibase-E981792A",null,null,"Vicinity of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, error, coast of Tacna, Chile, suggested by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 349.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/103/mode/1up","Columba Cruziana"],["2298","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina picui","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.435,498","Picui Ground Dove","Picui Ground Dove","Picui Ground Dove",null,null,"eastern Peru to Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Argentina, Chile, and southern Brazil, and northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, and Bahia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690794","pigdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pigdov1","avibase-C5E145EC",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara no. 324.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/457/mode/1up","Columba Picui"],["2299","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina picui strepitans","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.57, pl.75, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAD56C1A",null,null,"Piauhy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/71/mode/1up","Columbina strepitans"],["2300","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina picui picui","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.435,498",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Argentina, Chile, and southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BE4BA6B",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara no. 324.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/457/mode/1up","Columba Picui"],["2301","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina inca","(Lesson, 1847)","Description de mammiferes et d'oiseaux récemment découverts, precédée d'un tableau sur les races humaines p.211","Inca Dove","Inca Dove","Inca Dove",null,null,"semiarid southwestern USA to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690762","incdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/incdov","avibase-BFE74235",null,null,"Mexico.",null,null,"Chamaepelia inca"],["2302","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina squammata","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.474","Scaled Dove","Scaled Dove","Scaled Dove",null,null,"arid scrub, woodland, savanna, riparian thickets, and open areas in northern Colombia, northern Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), and Trinidad, southwestward in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, and southward to southeastern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador, and southward in the Magdalena Valley to Caldas; also in eastern and central Brazil, including the southern Amazon basin, from northern Pará and Maranhão southward to southern Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay, Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina, and eastern and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690768","scadov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scadov1","avibase-26085D75",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil; based entirely on Columba squamosa Temminck in Knip's Les Pigeons, pl. 59.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/512/mode/1up","Columba squammata"],["2303","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina squammata ridgwayi","(Richmond, 1896)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1093 p.660",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Colombia to Venezuela including Isla Margarita, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7B3F8F0",null,null,"Margarita Island, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/746/mode/1up","Scardafella ridgwayi"],["2304","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina squammata squammata","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86EBBA18",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil; based entirely on Columba squamosa Temminck in Knip's Les Pigeons, pl. 59.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/512/mode/1up","Columba squammata"],["2305","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina buckleyi","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.21","Ecuadorian Ground Dove","Ecuadorian Ground Dove","Ecuadorian Ground Dove",null,null,"dry to semi-humid woodland, scrub, and open areas in southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador southward to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura), and in the dry Marañón Valley of northern Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690789","ecgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecgdov1","avibase-19BFB346",null,null,"Santa Rita, Ecuador.","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/47/mode/1up","Chamaepelia buckleyi"],["2306","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina buckleyi buckleyi","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador (north to northern Esmeraldas) and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B9DAA4",null,null,"Santa Rita, Ecuador.","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/47/mode/1up","Chamaepelia buckleyi"],["2307","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina buckleyi dorsti","(Koepcke, 1962)","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 2 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Peru (upper Marañón Valley in Cajamarca and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-431BFC53",null,null,"Perico, Río Chinchipe, northern Peru","Zur Kenntnis der in Peru lebenden Tauben der Gattung Columbigallina Boie.",null,"Columbigallina talpacoti dorsti"],["2308","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina talpacoti","(Temminck, 1810)","Les Pigeons livr.12-13 p.22, pl.11","Ruddy Ground Dove","Ruddy Ground Dove","Ruddy Ground Dove",null,null,"coastal western Mexico (northern Sinaloa to Chiapas) and southeastern Mexico to the Guianas, Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690784","rugdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rugdov","avibase-ADD11A5F",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/362/mode/1up","Columba Talpacoti"],["2309","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina talpacoti eluta","(Bangs, 1901)","The Auk 18, no.3 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (northern Sinaloa to Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4107BE5",null,null,"Escuinapa, Sinaloa, Mexico.","A new Ground Dove from western Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss3/5/","Columbigallina rufipennis eluta"],["2310","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina talpacoti rufipennis","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9844EA55",null,null,"Carthagena, Colombia.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (quatrième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/32/mode/1up","Chamaepelia rufipennis"],["2311","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina talpacoti caucae","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA6114E8",null,null,"La Manuelita, near Palmira, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Chaemepelia rufipennis caucae"],["2312","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina talpacoti talpacoti","(Temminck, 1810)","Les Pigeons livr.12-13 p.22, pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95A87406",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/362/mode/1up","Columba Talpacoti"],["2313","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina minuta","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.285","Plain-breasted Ground Dove","Plain-breasted Ground Dove","Plain-breasted Ground Dove",null,null,"southeastern Mexico to arid coastal southwestern Ecuador and Peru (southward to Lima) and Venezuela, the Guianas, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690779","pbgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pbgdov1","avibase-37691FA2",null,null,"America = Santo Domingo ex Brisson ; error, Cayenne substituted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/289/mode/1up","Columba minuta"],["2314","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina minuta interrupta","(Griscom, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.379 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4817B588",null,null,"Secanquim, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5418/","Chaemepelia minuta interrupta"],["2315","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina minuta elaeodes","(Todd, 1913)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.578",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to west-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58EA3E00",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Costa Rica.","A revision of the genus Chaemepelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/654/mode/1up","Chaemepelia minuta elaeodes"],["2316","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina minuta minuta","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F015F98",null,null,"America = Santo Domingo ex Brisson ; error, Cayenne substituted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/289/mode/1up","Columba minuta"],["2317","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina minuta amazilia","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal southwestern Ecuador and Peru (south to Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D53A970",null,null,"Peru, the type is from Lima.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/31/mode/1up","Chamaepelia amazilia"],["2318","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165","Common Ground Dove","Common Ground Dove","Common Ground Dove",null,null,"coastal southeastern USA (South Carolina to Florida and southeastern Texas) and arid southwestern USA through Caribbean to far southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690774","cogdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cogdov","avibase-F9AED548",null,null,"'America inter tropicos'; restricted to the Catesbian reference by Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 40, 1855, p. 21, hence South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/184/mode/1up","Columba passerina"],["2319","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina passerina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern USA (South Carolina to Florida and southeastern Texas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5C77822",null,null,"'America inter tropicos'; restricted to the Catesbian reference by Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 40, 1855, p. 21, hence South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/184/mode/1up","Columba passerina"],["2320","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina pallescens","(Baird, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17493436",null,null,"Cape San Lucas, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/325/mode/1up","Chamaepelia passerina ? var. pallescens"],["2321","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina socorroensis","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"Socorro (Revillagigedo Islands, off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-683C38F9",null,null,"Socorro Island [Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/608/mode/1up","Columbigallina passerina socorroensis"],["2322","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina neglecta","(Carriker, 1910)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 6 p.390,398",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras to Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01B1BB73",null,null,"Esparta, Costa Rica.","An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122994#page/444/mode/1up","Chaemepelia passerina neglecta"],["2323","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina bahamensis","(Maynard, 1887)","American Exchange and Mart and Household Journal 3 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Bermuda and Bahamas (except Great Inagua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D674F0D4",null,null,"'Occurs throughout the Bahamas.'","Description of five new species of birds from the Bahamas","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258596#page/3/mode/1up","Chamaepelia Bahamensis"],["2324","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina exigua","(Riley, 1905)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 29, no.1418 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Inagua (southern Bahamas) and Mona Island (west of Puerto Rico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C984F373",null,null,"Mona Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53438#page/193/mode/1up","Columbigallina passerina exigua"],["2325","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina insularis","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.574",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba, Cayman Islands, and Hispaniola and satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC013BC5",null,null,"Grand Cayman.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/588/mode/1up","Columbigallina passerina insularis"],["2326","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina umbrina","Buden, 1985","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98, no.4 p.795",null,null,null,null,null,"Ile de la Tortue (off northwestern Hispaniola)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AAB6D0F",null,null,"Île de la Tortue, Haiti, collected 2 Feb 1917 by W. L. Abbott.","A new subspecies of Common Ground-dove from Ile de la Tortue, Haiti, with taxonomic reappraisal of Bahaman populations (Aves: Columbidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107750#page/829/mode/1up","Columbina passerina umbrina"],["2327","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina jamaicensis","(Maynard, 1899)","Appendix. A Catalogue of the Birds of the West Indies which do not occur elsewhere in North America north of Mexico p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-329373D3",null,null,"No locality, but the types are from Spanishtown, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50440#page/77/mode/1up","Columbigallina jamaicensis"],["2328","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina portoricensis","(Lowe, 1908)","Ibis ser.9, vol.2, no.5 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico including Mona and Culebra islands, and Virgin Islands (except St. Croix)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F4907BF",null,null,"Guánica, Puerto Rico.","On the Ground-Dove of Porto Rico, with Notes on the other Species of Chamaepelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35543#page/156/mode/1up","Chamaepelia portoricensis"],["2329","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina nigrirostris","(Danforth, 1935)","The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 19 p.483",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Croix and northern Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-039B21B2",null,null,"Canada Hill, St. Kitts, British West Indies.","West Indian Birds [Cuba, Virgin Is., Barbuda, St. Kitts].",null,"Columbigallina passerina nigrirostris"],["2330","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina trochila","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68FF9A3E",null,null,"Martinique.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (quatrième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/31/mode/1up","Chamaepelia trochila"],["2331","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina antillarum","(Lowe, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21, no.144 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia and Barbados to Grenada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-858F5FAA",null,null,"Barbados, Grenada and St. Vincent.","Exhibition of two new species of birds from the West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/135/mode/1up","Chamaepelia antillarum"],["2332","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina albivitta","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3E7D736",null,null,"Carthagena, Colombia.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (quatrième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/31/mode/1up","Chamaepelia albivitta"],["2333","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina parvula","(Todd, 1913)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3018E092",null,null,"Hondo, Colombia.","A revision of the genus Chaemepelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/620/mode/1up","Chaemepelia passerina parvula"],["2334","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina nana","(Todd, 1913)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.546",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Cauca Valley and arid upper Dagua Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C10A1583",null,null,"Jimenez, Río Dagua, western Colombia.","A revision of the genus Chaemepelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/622/mode/1up","Chaemepelia passerina nana"],["2335","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina quitensis","(Todd, 1913)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.547",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ecuador (Río Guaillabamba to Riobamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4029E7D7",null,null,"Zambiza, six miles northeast of Quito, Ecuador.","A revision of the genus Chaemepelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/623/mode/1up","Chaemepelia passerina quitensis"],["2336","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columbina passerina griseola","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.58, pl.75a, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Venezuela to the Guianas and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DA974D8",null,null,"'In sylvis fl. Amazonum.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/72/mode/1up","Columbina griseola"],["2337","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Starnoenas","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba cyanocephala [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/53/mode/1up","Starnoenas"],["2338","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Starnoenas cyanocephala","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163","Blue-headed Quail-Dove","Blue-headed Quail-Dove","Blue-headed Quail-Dove",null,null,"lowlands of Cuba (in danger of extinction)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690970","bhqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhqdov1","avibase-F117ED15",null,null,"'America' = Jamaica?",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba cyanocephala"],["2339","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon","Gosse, 1847","The birds of Jamaica p.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba cristata [Temminck, 1809]; type by subsequent designation (Reichenbach, 1853, Das natürliche System der Vögel, p. xxv). = Columbigallina versicolor Lafresnaye, 1846  ",null,null,null,"Geotrygon"],["2340","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon purpurata","(Salvin, 1878)","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.8 p.448","Purple Quail-Dove","Purple Quail-Dove","Purple Quail-Dove",null,null,"humid forest of northwestern Colombia to western Ecuador",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728282","sapqud1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sapqud1","avibase-B18C3C10",null,null,"Ecuador; no exact locality.","Descriptions of two new Species of Birds from Central America, and one from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/494/mode/1up","Osculatia purpurata"],["2341","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon saphirina","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.101","Sapphire Quail-Dove","Sapphire Quail-Dove","Sapphire Quail-Dove",null,null,"tropical rainforest and humid foothill forest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Peru (Loreto and Amazonas), eastward to westernmost Brazil (Amazonas), and southward patchily across eastern Peru (to southern Madre de Dios and northern Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728277","sapqud2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sapqud2","avibase-B6C1516E",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/111/mode/1up","Geotrygon saphirina"],["2342","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon saphirina saphirina","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador to southeastern Peru and far western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7B5BAA6",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/111/mode/1up","Geotrygon saphirina"],["2343","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon saphirina rothschildi","(Sztolcman, 1926)","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.202 pl.4 f.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Marcapata Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEDC3B4F",null,null,"Cadena, Marcapata Valley, southeastern Peru.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Osculatia rothschildi"],["2344","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon montana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163","Ruddy Quail-Dove","Ruddy Quail-Dove","Ruddy Quail-Dove",null,null,"Mexico (from southern Sinaloa and Veracruz) southward through Central America and the Greater and Lesser Antilles to Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas, and southward to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, central and southern Brazil (western Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul), and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690966","ruqdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruqdov","avibase-4817EC01",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba montana"],["2345","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon montana martinica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5311A240",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba martinica"],["2346","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon montana montana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico and Greater Antilles to southern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9436DEA",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba montana"],["2347","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon mystacea","(Temminck, 1811)","Les Pigeons livr.14-15 p.124, pl.56","Bridled Quail-Dove","Bridled Quail-Dove","Bridled Quail-Dove",null,null,"Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands to Lesser Antilles (southward to St. Lucia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690958","brqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brqdov1","avibase-CA7BC4DA",null,null,"America; the type in the Leiden Museum is said to be from Santo Domingo, probably an error.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/306/mode/1up","Columba mystacea"],["2348","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon chrysia","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.100","Key West Quail-Dove","Key West Quail-Dove","Key West Quail-Dove",null,null,"Bahamas, Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, Hispaniola, and southwestern Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690954","kwqdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kwqdov","avibase-913CBCDF",null,null,"Florida.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/110/mode/1up","Geotrygon chrysia"],["2349","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon violacea","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons livr.7 p.67, pl.29","Violaceous Quail-Dove","Violaceous Quail-Dove","Violaceous Quail-Dove",null,null,"local in evergreen forest and plantations in lowlands and hills, disjunctly from northern Nicaragua through western Colombia and east through the Guianas and Pará (northeastern Brazil), also east-central and southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia, and south-central Brazil to eastern Paraguay and Misiones (northeastern Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690962","viqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viqdov1","avibase-39197875",null,null,"Probably from the New World.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/197/mode/1up","Columba Violacea"],["2350","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon violacea albiventer","Lawrence, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nicaragua to northern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDBAD592",null,null,"Line of Panama Railroad, near Lion Hill Station.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/116/mode/1up","Geotrygon albiventer"],["2351","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon violacea violacea","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons livr.7 p.67, pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"discontinuously from Suriname to Pará (northeastern Brazil), also east-central and southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia, and south-central Brazil to eastern Paraguay and Misiones (northeastern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C43F0871",null,null,"Probably from the New World.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/197/mode/1up","Columba Violacea"],["2352","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon versicolor","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.321","Crested Quail-Dove","Crested Quail-Dove","Crested Quail-Dove",null,null,"montane forest of Jamaica",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690924","crqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crqdov1","avibase-CA19EB97",null,null,"Jamaica.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la Jamaïque.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/335/mode/1up","Columbigallina versicolor"],["2353","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon caniceps","(Gundlach, 1852)","Boston Journal of Natural History 6 p.315","Grey-fronted Quail-Dove","Gray-fronted Quail-Dove","Grey-headed Quail-Dove",null,null,"Cuba (rare)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729904","gfqdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gfqdov","avibase-947E8D75",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100874#page/328/mode/1up","Columba caniceps"],["2354","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geotrygon leucometopia","(Chapman, 1917)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37, art.12 p.327","White-fronted Quail-Dove","White-fronted Quail-Dove","White-fronted Quail-Dove",null,null,"central and southern Dominican Republic",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729909","wfqdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfqdov","avibase-6200936B",null,null,"Mt. Tina, Province of Azua, Dominican Republic.","Descriptions of new birds from Santo Domingo and remarks on others in the Brewster-Sanford collection.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1862","Oreopeleia leucometopius"],["2355","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotrygon","Banks, Weckstein, Remsen & Johnson, 2013","Zootaxa 3669 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Geotrygon Veraguensis [Lawrence, 1866]",null,"Classification of a clade of New World doves (Columbidae: Zenaidini)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256980440","Leptotrygon"],["2356","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotrygon veraguensis","(Lawrence, 1866)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.349","Olive-backed Quail-Dove","Olive-backed Quail-Dove","Olive-backed Quail-Dove",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690928","obqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obqdov1","avibase-BB65071B",null,null,"Veraguas, Panama.","Characters of seven new species of birds from Central and South America, with a note on Thamatias chionurus Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/369/mode/1up","Geotrygon Veraguensis"],["2357","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Peristera rufaxilla [Selby, 1835]; type by monotypy = Columba jamaicensis Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/373/mode/1up","Leptotila"],["2358","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila jamaicensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283","Caribbean Dove","Caribbean Dove","Caribbean Dove",null,null,"semidarid forest and scrub of lowlands to hills on northern Yucatan Peninsula, including islas Holbox, Mujeres, and Cozumel, islands north of Honduras, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and Isla San Andrés (to far northwest of Colombia, off eastern Nicaragua); introduced New Providence Island (northern Bahamas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690883","cardov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cardov1","avibase-401B5C83",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba jamaicensis"],["2359","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila jamaicensis collaris","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.4 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman Island; past records also from Cayman Brac",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E12D85B7",null,null,"Grand Cayman.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Engyptila collaris"],["2360","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila jamaicensis gaumeri","(Lawrence, 1885)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 3 no.5&6 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Yucatan Peninsula, including islas Holbox, Mujeres, and Cozumel, and islands off Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EB42804",null,null,"Silam, Yucatan.","Descriptions of supposed new species of birds of the families Tyrannidae, Cypselidae and Columbidae. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109505#page/465/mode/1up","Engyptila Gaumeri"],["2361","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila jamaicensis jamaicensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA45E51D",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba jamaicensis"],["2362","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila jamaicensis neoxena","(Cory, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.3 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla San Andrés (Caribbean Sea off Nicaragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8CE1E14",null,null,"St. Andrew's Island. [San Andrés Island, Colombia]","Descriptions of six supposed new species of birds from the Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/1/","Engyptila neoxena"],["2363","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.99","White-tipped Dove","White-tipped Dove","White-tipped Dove",null,null,"southern Texas and coastal Mexico southward to southern Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and north-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690854","whtdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtdov","avibase-6141E8C8",null,null,"Colombia.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/109/mode/1up","Leptoptila verreauxi"],["2364","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi capitalis","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08896F8F",null,null,"Maria Madre Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/20/mode/1up","Leptotila capitalis"],["2365","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi angelica","Bangs & Penard, 1922","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 8 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas and coastal Mexico southward to Guerrero and Veracruz",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-250842A4",null,null,"Brownsville, Texas.","The northern form of Leptotila fulviventris Lawrence.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42087#page/43/mode/1up","Leptotila fulviventris angelica"],["2366","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi fulviventris","Lawrence, 1882","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2 no.9 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico and Yucatan Peninsula to eastern Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53F9A1D6",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109505#page/389/mode/1up","Leptoptila fulviventris"],["2367","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi bangsi","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1926","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 39 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"western Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and western Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D357841B",null,null,"Volcán San Miguel, 2500 feet. El Salvador.","Two new Pigeons from Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107491#page/134/mode/1up","Leptotila fulviventris bangsi"],["2368","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi nuttingi","Ridgway, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"western shore of Lake Nicaragua and Isla de Ométepe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BC86097",null,null,"Ometepe, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of some new forms of American Cuckoos, Parrots, and Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/141/mode/1up","Leptotila verreauxi nuttingi"],["2369","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Nicaragua and Costa Rica to northern Venezuela, Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F88A50EC",null,null,"Colombia.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/109/mode/1up","Leptoptila verreauxi"],["2370","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi tobagensis","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2B6371D",null,null,"Man O'War Bay, Tobago.","Weitere neue Formen aus Westindien und Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/260/mode/1up","Leptotila verreauxi tobagensis"],["2371","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi hernandezi","Romero-Zambrano & Morales-Sánchez, 1981","Caldasia 13, no.62 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B492846",null,null,"Colombia, Comisaria Especial de Amazonas, village of Puerto Nariño, left bank of Loreto-Yacu River near its mouth at Río Amazonas (3 45'S, 70 20'W), (third branch just below a dead leaf then down two feet, as it scratched itself)","Descripcion de una nueva subespecie de Leptotila verreauxi Bonaparte, 1855 (Aves: Columbidae) del sureste de Colombia.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/34637/34877","Leptotila verreauxi hernandezi"],["2372","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi decolor","Salvin, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia to western and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A85D7E1C",null,null,"Cajabamba, 9000 feet, Vina, Huamachuco, 5500 feet, Chusgon, Huamachuco, 8500 feet, Peru. Type from Cajabamba.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/39/mode/1up","Leptoptila decolor"],["2373","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi brasiliensis","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.945",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northern Brazil southward to north bank of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13C17A18",null,null,"No locality, 'the type agrees with specimens from French and Dutch Guiana from which those of British Guiana and the Río Branco are inseparable,' fide Hellmayr', antea, p. 471, note.","Suite et fin des Additions et Corrections au Coup d'Oeil sur l'Ordre des PIGEONS, et à la partie correspondante du Conspectus Avium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/957/mode/1up","Peristera brasiliensis"],["2374","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi approximans","Cory, 1917","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Piauí and Ceará to northern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AF61CC0",null,null,"Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brazil.","Notes on little-known species of South American birds, with descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21294#page/13/mode/1up","Leptoptila ochroptera approximans"],["2375","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi decipiens","(Salvadori, 1871)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 6 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and western Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36B314C5",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=_Fx-LsxvzhgC&pg=PA131","Homoptila decipiens"],["2376","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila verreauxi chlorauchenia","Giglioli & Salvadori, 1870","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 5, 2 Jan., 1870 (= after April) p.274.",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and north-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4EE5AB8",null,null,"Estancia Trinidad, near Montéadeo, Uruguay.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=b2xEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA274","Leptoptila chlorauchenia"],["2377","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila megalura","Sclater & Salvin, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.640","Yungas Dove","Large-tailed Dove","Yungas Dove",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690857","latdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latdov1","avibase-BAB92B27",null,null,"Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia.","On the Birds collected in Bolivia by Mr. C. Buckley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/408/mode/1up","Leptoptila megalura"],["2378","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila pallida","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.575","Pallid Dove","Pallid Dove","Pallid Dove",null,null,"tropical lowlands of western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690886","paldov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paldov1","avibase-D4CDB0EA",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/707/mode/1up","Leptoptila pallida"],["2379","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila rufaxilla","(Richard & Bernard, 1792)","Actes de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1, pt.1 p.118","Grey-fronted Dove","Gray-fronted Dove","Grey-fronted Dove",null,null,"humid forest from the Catatumbo depression of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela, the foothills of the Andes in western Venezuela and the Orinoco basin of eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Bolivia; in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará, and Piauí) southward to northern Uruguay, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690877","grfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grfdov1","avibase-684B9362",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163187#page/152/mode/1up","Columba Rufaxilla"],["2380","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila rufaxilla pallidipectus","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia and adjacent western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A00D0AB4",null,null,"Buena Vista, 4500 feet. Eastern Andes above Villavicencio, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Leptotila rufaxilla pallidipectus"],["2381","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila rufaxilla dubusi","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to tepuis of Venezuela and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A331A62B",null,null,"Banks of the Río Napo.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/109/mode/1up","Leptoptila dubusi"],["2382","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila rufaxilla rufaxilla","(Richard & Bernard, 1792)","Actes de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1, pt.1 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (Rio Madeira to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64003563",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163187#page/152/mode/1up","Columba Rufaxilla"],["2383","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila rufaxilla hellmayri","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula) and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8B47DA4",null,null,"Near Princestown, Trinidad.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Leptotila rufaxilla hellmayri"],["2384","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila rufaxilla bahiae","Berlepsch, 1885","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (southern Mato Grosso to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3415B850",null,null,"Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/187/mode/1up","Leptoptila reichenbachi bahiae"],["2385","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila rufaxilla reichenbachii","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.279,337",null,null,null,null,null,"Mato Grosso to Espírito Santo, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-581E64DD",null,null,"Ypanema, São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/347/mode/1up","Leptoptila Reichenbachii"],["2386","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila wellsi","(Lawrence, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.2 p.180","Grenada Dove","Grenada Dove","Grenada Dove",null,null,"arid scrub of southern Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690874","gredov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gredov1","avibase-4A922076",null,null,"Fontenoy, St. Georges, Grenada.","Characters of a new species of Pigeon of the genus Engyptila, from the Island of Grenada, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss2/14/","Engyptila wellsi"],["2387","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila plumbeiceps","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.59","Grey-headed Dove","Gray-headed Dove",null,"2025-0398","Taxon <em>battyi </em>(polytypic, including <em>malae</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Leptotila plumbeiceps</em> pending further research. The vocalizations of <em>battyi </em>are distinct from <em>plumbeiceps </em>but appear similar to other species in the genus (<em>L. rufaxilla </em>and<em> L. pallida</em>) making the placement of <em>battyi </em>uncertain. A comprehensive analysis of genetics, vocalizations, and plumages is needed.","northeastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas) to northwestern Costa Rica and Caribbean slope of western Panama; also slopes surrounding the Cauca Valley (west-central Colombia)",null,null,null,"gyhdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhdov1","avibase-A2066DD0",null,null,"[Choctum] Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Strigidae, and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/91/mode/1up","Leptotila plumbeiceps"],["2388","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila plumbeiceps plumbeiceps","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas) to northwestern Costa Rica; also slopes surrounding the Cauca Valley (west-central Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6BB7F77",null,null,"[Choctum] Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Strigidae, and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/91/mode/1up","Leptotila plumbeiceps"],["2389","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila plumbeiceps notia","Peters, 1931","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 71, no.5 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A8FDAAD",null,null,"Almirante, Panama.","Additional notes on the Birds of the Almirante Bay Region of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21144#page/432/mode/1up","Leptotila plumbeiceps notius"],["2390","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila plumbeiceps malae","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Panama (southern Veraguas and western Herrera); Cébaco Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-929BEA31",null,null,"Cerro Montosa, 2500 feet. Cape Mala, Panama.","Undescribed or little-known birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Leptotila plumbeiceps malae"],["2391","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila plumbeiceps battyi","Rothschild, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D27328A4",null,null,"Coiba Island.","Leptoptila battyi, n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/291/mode/1up","Leptoptila battyi"],["2392","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila cassinii","Lawrence, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.94","Grey-chested Dove","Gray-chested Dove","Grey-chested Dove",null,null,"second-growth forest of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from eastern Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) and Belize southward through northern Costa Rica, thence both slopes through Panama and to north-central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690891","grcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcdov1","avibase-34B0DFFA",null,null,"Line of the Panama Railroad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/104/mode/1up","Leptoptila cassini"],["2393","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila cassinii cerviniventris","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands from southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) southward to western Panama (Chiriquí and Ngäbe-Buglé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BD3CB0E",null,null,"[Choctum], Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Strigidae, and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/91/mode/1up","Leptoptila cerviniventris"],["2394","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila cassinii rufinucha","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.134,162",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to northwestern Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A7299F5",null,null,"Veraguas = Volcán de Chiriquí and Bugaba, Chiriquí.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/174/mode/1up","Leptoptila rufinucha"],["2395","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila cassinii cassinii","Lawrence, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama (Canal Zone) to northern Colombia (Cauca-Magdalena area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-950C8909",null,null,"Line of the Panama Railroad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/104/mode/1up","Leptoptila cassini"],["2396","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila ochraceiventris","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.23 p.317","Ochre-bellied Dove","Ochre-bellied Dove","Ochre-bellied Dove",null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (Manabí) to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690895","ocbdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbdov1","avibase-597CE4E8",null,null,"Zaruma, 6000 feet, Prov. del Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/819","Leptotila ochraceiventris"],["2397","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leptotila conoveri","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1943","Notulae Naturae no.122 p.1","Tolima Dove","Tolima Dove","Tolima Dove",null,null,"forest and edge of mid-elevations on east slope of central Andes (Caldas southward to Huila) and west slope of eastern Andes (Cundinamarca) of Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690898","toldov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/toldov1","avibase-52700241",null,null,"Toché (6800 ft.), Dept. Tolima, Central Andes of Colombia","A new species of Dove of the genus Leptotila from Colombia.",null,"Leptotila conoveri"],["2398","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Zenaida amabilis [Bonaparte, 1838]; type by tautonymy = Columba zenaida Bonaparte, 1825",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/53/mode/1up","Zenaida"],["2399","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida meloda","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.385-386","West Peruvian Dove","West Peruvian Dove","West Peruvian Dove",null,null,"arid tropical southwestern Ecuador to northern Chile (Coquimbo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733372","wepdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wepdov1","avibase-542D7AFA",null,null,"Western slope of the Andes in Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/395/mode/1up","Columba meloda"],["2400","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida asiatica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163","White-winged Dove","White-winged Dove","White-winged Dove",null,null,"drier habitats from lowlands to mountains of southern Nevada and southeastern California to central Texas and Gulf coast eastward to southern Florida (southern USA), southward through Mexico including Baja California, Tres Marias Islands (west of Nayarit), and Yucatan Peninsula southward through Honduras, thence Pacific slope only south from Nicaragua to western Panama; also Caribbean from Bahamas through central Lesser Antilles; range expanding and vagrants frequent northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733956","whwdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwdov","avibase-BFBC73AF",null,null,"'In Indiis' = Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba asiatica"],["2401","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida asiatica mearnsi","(Ridgway, 1915)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern California, New Mexico, Arizona, and western Mexico including Tres Marías Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EBF93CE",null,null,"Five miles north of Nogales, Arizona.","Descriptions of some new forms of American Cuckoos, Parrots, and Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/141/mode/1up","Melopelia asiatica mearnsi"],["2402","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida asiatica asiatica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern Texas to Nicaragua; Gulf Coast and southern Florida; West Indies southward to central Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E7D1536",null,null,"'In Indiis' = Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba asiatica"],["2403","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida asiatica australis","(Peters, 1913)","The Auk 30, no.3 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"western Costa Rica to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83817A9C",null,null,"Cerro Santa Maria, Costa Rica.","List of birds collected in the territory of Quintana Roo, Mexico, in the winter and spring of 1912.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol30/iss3/3/","Melopelia asiatica australis"],["2404","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida graysoni","(Lawrence, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.17","Socorro Dove","Socorro Dove","Socorro Dove",null,null,"formerly Socorro Island (off western Mexico); extinct in the wild since 1950s but a small captive population exists","Extinct in the Wild","EW","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690740","socdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socdov1","avibase-5428D897",null,null,"Socorro Island [Mexico]","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/37/mode/1up","Zenaidura graysoni"],["2405","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida macroura","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164","Mourning Dove","Mourning Dove","Mourning Dove",null,null,"southern Canada through the USA and Greater Antilles southward to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690736","moudov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moudov","avibase-00124D98",null,null,"'Habitat in Canada; hybernat in Carolina.' Error = West Indies, ex Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., p. 15, pl. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba macroura"],["2406","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida macroura marginella","(Woodhouse, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.3 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"British Columbia to Baja California, western USA, and south-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FCB5426",null,null,"Cross Timbers, north fork of Canadian River, Oklahoma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/126/mode/1up","Ectopistes marginella"],["2407","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida macroura carolinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern USA, Bahamas, and Bermuda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A22CA3E8",null,null,"America = Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/290/mode/1up","Columba carolinensis"],["2408","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida macroura macroura","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6059FA7",null,null,"'Habitat in Canada; hybernat in Carolina.' Error = West Indies, ex Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., p. 15, pl. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba macroura"],["2409","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida macroura clarionensis","(Townsend, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Clarion Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F31A531",null,null,"Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/165/mode/1up","Zenaidura clarionensis"],["2410","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida macroura turturilla","(Wetmore, 1956)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F53CAEC4",null,null,"El Espino, Provincia de Panama, Panama","Additional forms of birds from Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/347/mode/1up","Zenaidura macroura turturilla"],["2411","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida aurita","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons livr.6 p.60, pl.25","Zenaida Dove","Zenaida Dove","Zenaida Dove",null,null,"open woodland and open areas of lowlands and hills from Bahamas and Cayman Islands through Greater and Lesser Antilles, coastal northern Yucatan Peninsula including islas Holbox, Mujeres, and Cozumel (southeastern Mexico); repeated vagrancy to southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690750","zendov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zendov","avibase-85BD24D1",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/178/mode/1up","Columba Aurita"],["2412","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida aurita salvadorii","Ridgway, 1916","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.7 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Yucatan Peninsula, including islas Holbox, Mujeres, and Cozumel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D3C3E80",null,null,"Río Lagartos, Yucatan","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VII. Families Cuculidae, Psittacidae and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32596#page/377/mode/1up","Zenaida zenaida salvadorii"],["2413","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida aurita zenaida","(Bonaparte, 1825)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, pt.1, no.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas, Cuba, and Cayman Islands eastward to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands; formerly Florida Keys",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2672A17",null,null,"Southern Florida (Keys).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79357#page/40/mode/1up","Columba zenaida"],["2414","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida aurita aurita","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons livr.6 p.60, pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (Anguilla to Grenada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-765D0AFF",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/178/mode/1up","Columba Aurita"],["2415","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida galapagoensis","Gould, 1841","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt15 p.115 pl.46","Galapagos Dove","Galapagos Dove","Galapagos Dove",null,null,"arid lowlands (mainly) of Galapagos",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690758","galdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galdov1","avibase-E0DFC281",null,null,"Galápagos Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/311/mode/1up","Zenaida Galapagoensis"],["2416","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida galapagoensis galapagoensis","Gould, 1841","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt15 p.115 pl.46",null,null,null,null,null,"drier parts of Galapagos (except Darwin and Wolf, far northwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EFB61B8",null,null,"Galápagos Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/311/mode/1up","Zenaida Galapagoensis"],["2417","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida galapagoensis exsul","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1899)","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.2 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos (Darwin and Wolf, far northwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25FA5689",null,null,"Culpepper and Wenman Islands, Galapagos Archipelago; type from Culpepper.","A review of the ornithology of the Galapagos Islands. With notes on the Webster-Harris expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/202/mode/1up","Nesopelia galapagoensis exsul"],["2418","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata","(des Murs, 1847)","Historia física y política de Chile 1 p.381 Atlas 2 Orn. pl.[7]","Eared Dove","Eared Dove","Eared Dove",null,null,"Lesser Antilles, central Colombia to Venezuela and Trinidad southward to Bolivia to central Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690747","eardov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eardov1","avibase-71958FA9",null,null,"Central Provinces of Chile; Santiago, suggested as type locality by Naumburg, a7Uea, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130100#page/385/mode/1up","Peristera auriculata"],["2419","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata caucae","Chapman, 1922","American Museum Novitates no.31 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F84CBB30",null,null,"Cali, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4602/","Zenaida auriculata caucae"],["2420","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata antioquiae","Chapman, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF92CE5E",null,null,"Barro Blanco, 7200 feet, Antioquia, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Zenaida ruficauda antioquiae"],["2421","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata pentheria","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40, no.3 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CAA904D",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/108/mode/1up","Zenaida pentheria"],["2422","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata vinaceorufa","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B65301B",null,null,"Curaçao, Dutch West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/192/mode/1up","Zenaida vinaceo-rufa"],["2423","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata stenura","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles, central Colombia to Venezuela and Trinidad, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE6ACE35",null,null,"Colombia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/642/mode/1up","Zenaida stenura"],["2424","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata jessieae","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.527",null,null,null,null,null,"south bank of the lower Amazon River near Santarém",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB87AE14",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/541/mode/1up","Zenaida jessieae"],["2425","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata marajoensis","Berlepsch, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"Marajó and Mexiana islands in estuary of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CD0A21F",null,null,"Hacienda São André, Island of Marajo [Pará], Brazil.","Beschreibung von zwei von den Herren Dr. Bluntschli und Peyer auf der Insel Marajó am Ausfluss des Amazonenstroms gesammelten Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/165/mode/1up","Zenaida jessieae marajoensis"],["2426","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata noronha","Sharpe, 1890","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 20 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, and Bahia) including Fernando de Noronha",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-834A838E",null,null,"Fernando Noronha.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/149957#page/555/mode/1up","Zenaida noronha"],["2427","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata hypoleuca","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of western Ecuador and western Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FE8D05C",null,null,"Central America, i.e. Pearl Islands; error = Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/107/mode/1up","Zenaida hypoleuca"],["2428","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata chrysauchenia","(Reichenbach, 1847)","Synopsis Avium 3 p.[3]",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia to central Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-749861FF",null,null,"No locality (= Brazil)",null,null,"Peristera chrysauchenia"],["2429","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zenaida auriculata auriculata","(des Murs, 1847)","Historia física y política de Chile 1 p.381 Atlas 2 Orn. pl.[7]",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile (Atacama to Llanquihue) and west-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ECE0D13",null,null,"Central Provinces of Chile; Santiago, suggested as type locality by Naumburg, a7Uea, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130100#page/385/mode/1up","Peristera auriculata"],["2430","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon","Banks, Weckstein, Remsen & Johnson, 2013","Zootaxa 3669 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Geotrygon costaricensis [Lawrence, 1868]",null,"Classification of a clade of New World doves (Columbidae: Zenaidini)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256980440","Zentrygon"],["2431","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon costaricensis","(Lawrence, 1868)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.136","Buff-fronted Quail-Dove","Buff-fronted Quail-Dove","Buff-fronted Quail-Dove",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690908","bfqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfqdov1","avibase-944159C3",null,null,"Costa Rica.","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/152/mode/1up","Geotrygon costaricensis"],["2432","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon lawrencii","(Salvin, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.16 p.329","Purplish-backed Quail-Dove","Purplish-backed Quail-Dove","Purplish-backed Quail-Dove",null,null,"Costa Rica to eastern Panama (Darién)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728963","pbqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pbqdov1","avibase-DCC794E5",null,null,"Calobre, Veraguas, Panama.","A Visit to the principal Museums of the United States, with Notes on some of the Birds contained therein.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/375/mode/1up","Geotrygon lawrencii"],["2433","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon carrikeri","(Wetmore, 1941)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.205","Tuxtla Quail-Dove","Tuxtla Quail-Dove","Tuxtla Quail-Dove",null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Sierra de los Tuxtlas in southeastern Veracruz)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690901","tuqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tuqdov1","avibase-3A16532D",null,null,"Volcán San Martin, Sierra de Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico, between 3000 and 4000 feet elevation","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/229/mode/1up","Oreopeleia lawrencii carrikeri"],["2434","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon albifacies","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.353 p.98","White-faced Quail-Dove","White-faced Quail-Dove","White-faced Quail-Dove",null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to northwestern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690932","wfqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfqdov1","avibase-AE2BFE95",null,null,"Jalapa. Vera Cruz.","Notes on some Birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/136/mode/1up","Geotrygon albifacies"],["2435","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon frenata","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.386","White-throated Quail-Dove","White-throated Quail-Dove","White-throated Quail-Dove",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from northwestern, central, and east-central Colombia southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru east and south of the Marañón, southward across Peru and Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (to Jujuy and adjacent northern Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690950","wtqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtqdov1","avibase-ADE69C27",null,null,"Eastern slopes of the Andes of Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/396/mode/1up","Columba frenata"],["2436","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon frenata bourcieri","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and Ecuador (except for southwest); population in Peru north of the Marañón Valley presumably also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25C3CE92",null,null,"Valley of Lloa, Ecuador.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/111/mode/1up","Geotrygon bourcieri"],["2437","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon frenata subgrisea","(Chapman, 1922)","American Museum Novitates no.31 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (Loja) and northwestern Peru (south to Lambayeque and northwestern Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F627939D",null,null,"Alamor, 4350 feet, Prov. of Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4602/","Oreopelia bourcieri subgrisea"],["2438","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon frenata frenata","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru to central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CEBE4FF",null,null,"Eastern slopes of the Andes of Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/396/mode/1up","Columba frenata"],["2439","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon frenata margaritae","(Blake, Hoy & Contino, 1961)","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.567",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A92FFBB7",null,null,"Yuto, Province of Jujuy, Argentina. Altitude 400 meters. Adult female collected July 7, 1957, by Francisco Contino.","Variation in the Quail-Dove Geotrygon frenata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21600#page/7/mode/1up","Geotrygon frenata margaritae"],["2440","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon goldmani","(Nelson, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.2","Russet-crowned Quail-Dove","Russet-crowned Quail-Dove","Russet-crowned Quail-Dove",null,null,"humid forest of foothills and mountains of east-central Panama through Darién and adjacent far northwestern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690942","rcqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcqdov1","avibase-1751C006",null,null,"Mt. Pirri, 5000 feet, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/43/mode/1up","Geotrygon goldmani"],["2441","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon goldmani oreas","(Wetmore, 1950)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Cerro Chucantí in eastern Panamá Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02552384",null,null,"1250 feet alt., above Quebrada Cauchero, Cerro Chucanti, Serrania de Majé, eastern Provincia de Panama, Panama","Additional forms of birds from the republics of Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/408/mode/1up","Geotrygon goldmani oreas"],["2442","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon goldmani goldmani","(Nelson, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (eastern Darién) and adjacent far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBDE325E",null,null,"Mt. Pirri, 5000 feet, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/43/mode/1up","Geotrygon goldmani"],["2443","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon chiriquensis","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.143","Chiriqui Quail-Dove","Chiriqui Quail-Dove","Chiriqui Quail-Dove",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690936","chqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chqdov1","avibase-E9476773",null,null,"David, Chiriquí, Panama.","List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Bridges in the vicinity of the Town of David in the Province of Chiriqui in the State of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/181/mode/1up","Geotrygon chiriquensis"],["2444","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon linearis","(Prévost, 1843)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.104, pl.55","Lined Quail-Dove","Lined Quail-Dove","Lined Quail-Dove",null,null,"northern, central, and eastern Colombia to northeastern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690946","liqdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liqdov1","avibase-A7F898C1",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/116/mode/1up","Columbi-Gallina linearis"],["2445","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon linearis linearis","(Prévost, 1843)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.104, pl.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northern Colombia), Andes of Colombia and Venezuela, and coastal ranges of northern Venezuela eastward to southeastern Miranda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C5FA1E0",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/116/mode/1up","Columbi-Gallina linearis"],["2446","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Zentrygon linearis trinitatis","(Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Venezuela (Sucre and northern Monagas), and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7781AD9",null,null,"Aripo Mts., 2000 feet, Trinidad.","Description of two new subspecies from the Island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/37/mode/1up","Geotrygon linearis trinitatis"],["2447","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Reinwardtoena","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Reinwardtoena typica [Bonaparte, 1854]; type by monotypy = Columba reinwardti Temminck, 1824  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1122/mode/1up","Reinwardtoena"],["2448","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Reinwardtoena crassirostris","(Gould, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.136","Crested Cuckoo-Dove","Crested Cuckoo-Dove","Crested Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Solomon Archipelago (Bougainville to Makira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690600","crcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcdov1","avibase-F7DED186",null,null,"Guadalcanar Island","[Descriptions of some Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray when attached as the naturalist of H.M. Surveying ship Rattlesnake during the Expedition commanded by Capt. Denham].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/174/mode/1up","Turacoena crassirostris"],["2449","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Reinwardtoena browni","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.110","Pied Cuckoo-Dove","Pied Cuckoo-Dove","Pied Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, including Admiralty Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690596","picdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/picdov1","avibase-567966D3",null,null,"Duke of York Island.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/166/mode/1up","Macropygia browni"],["2450","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Reinwardtoena reinwardti","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.42, vol.4 pl.248","Great Cuckoo-Dove","Great Cuckoo-Dove","Great Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Moluccas and New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690589","grcdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcdov2","avibase-DA7BFF77",null,null,"Celebes, error = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/545/mode/1up","Columba reinwardtsi"],["2451","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Reinwardtoena reinwardti reinwardti","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.42, vol.4 pl.248",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51C56C03",null,null,"Celebes, error = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/545/mode/1up","Columba reinwardtsi"],["2452","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Reinwardtoena reinwardti griseotincta","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ACFDABE",null,null,"New Guinea, type from Mailu district, British New Guinea.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. I. List of three small collections from British New Guinea, mostly brought together in the Owen Stanley Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/36/mode/1up","Reinwardtoenas reinwardti griseotincta"],["2453","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Reinwardtoena reinwardti brevis","Peters, 1937","Check-list of birds of the world 3 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5F83A5D",null,null,"Soek [or Biak] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50577#page/100/mode/1up","Reinwardtoena reinwardtsi brevis"],["2454","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turacoena","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba manadensis [Quoy & Gaimard, 1830]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 150).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1122/mode/1up","Turacoena"],["2455","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turacoena modesta","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.93, vol.4 pl.552","Black Cuckoo-Dove","Black Cuckoo-Dove","Black Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Wetar)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690609","slacud1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slacud1","avibase-A8B4CB21",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/548/mode/1up","Columba modesta"],["2456","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turacoena manadensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.248 AtlasOis. pl.30","White-faced Cuckoo-Dove","White-faced Cuckoo-Dove","White-faced Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Sulawesi and the Togian Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154619546","wfcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfcdov1","avibase-D14CE6AB",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/306/mode/1up","Columba manadensis"],["2457","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turacoena sulaensis","Forbes & Robinson, 1900","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2, no.3-4 p.135","Sula Cuckoo-Dove","Sula Cuckoo-Dove","Sula Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154619350","sulcud2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulcud2","avibase-E9B2FCFC",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/337/mode/1up","Turacoena menadensis subsp. sulaensis"],["2458","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Macropygia tenuirostris [Bonaparte, 1854]; type by subsequent designation (Mathews, 1920, Birds of Australia, supplement 1, p. 9). = Macropygia tenuirostris Bonaparte, 1854. For a contrary view see Schodde (2009) [Schodde, 2009 #12168].",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/372/mode/1up","Macropygia"],["2459","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia nigrirostris","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.972","Bar-tailed Cuckoo-Dove","Black-billed Cuckoo-Dove","Black-billed Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"New Guinea, including D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea), and Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690580","bbcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbcdov1","avibase-8BA75FED",null,null,"Arfak and Warbusi, Western New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/978/mode/1up","Macropygia nigrirostris"],["2460","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia mackinlayi","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.3 p.286","Spot-breasted Cuckoo-Dove","Spot-breasted Cuckoo-Dove","Spot-breasted Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago including Temotu (southeastern Solomon Archipelago), and Vanuatu including Banks Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690584","macdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macdov1","avibase-A497EDE2",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides","Description of three supposed new species of Birds from the New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/302/mode/1up","Macropygia mackinlayi"],["2461","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia mackinlayi arossi","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"Karkar Island (off northeastern New Guinea); Bismarck Archipelago in the Admiralty Islands (Manus, Rambutyo, Nauna, San Miguel, and Tong), Crown, Long, Tolokiwa, Umboi, Sakar, the Witu Islands, Watom, Mussau and Emirau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago), the Lihir Islands, and Nissan; and Solomon Archipelago (Buka and Bougainville to Rennell and Makira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB364AED",null,null,"Makira Harbor, San Cristobal Island.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/495/mode/1up","Macropygia arossi"],["2462","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia mackinlayi mackinlayi","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.3 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands) and Banks Islands through Aneityum (Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECA2C5FE",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides","Description of three supposed new species of Birds from the New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/302/mode/1up","Macropygia mackinlayi"],["2463","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia unchall","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.240","Barred Cuckoo-Dove","Barred Cuckoo-Dove","Barred Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"lowland to montane evergreen forest from Nepal eastward through the Himalayas to mountains of southern China (including Hainan), and southward to southern Vietnam, and from Sumatra eastward to Flores (Indonesia); some Himalayan populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690545","bacdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacdov1","avibase-C0181886",null,null,"No locality, based on Columba phasianella juv. of Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 17.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/282/mode/1up","Columba Unchall"],["2464","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia unchall tusalia","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.936",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Kashmir to Assam, southwestern China, and Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89DC2E45",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/452/mode/1up","Columba (Macropygia) tusalia"],["2465","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia unchall minor","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern China to Vietnam, Laos, northern Thailand, and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9F55C56",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/357/mode/1up","Macropygia tusalia (Hodgs.) var. minor"],["2466","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia unchall unchall","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Lombok, and Flores",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE1DC022",null,null,"No locality, based on Columba phasianella juv. of Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 17.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/282/mode/1up","Columba Unchall"],["2467","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia phasianella","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.129","Brown Cuckoo-Dove","Brown Cuckoo-Dove","Brown Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (Cape York to eastern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690571","brcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcdov1","avibase-1CFF2F57",null,null,"Near Port Jackson, New South Wales.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/145/mode/1up","Columba phasianella"],["2468","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia phasianella quinkan","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A83842DF",null,null,"Tozer Gap, 11 July 1948, coll. D.P. Vernon","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Macropygia amboinensis quinkan"],["2469","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia phasianella robinsoni","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (southeastern Cape York Peninsula southward to southeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AD4D215",null,null,"Northern Territory.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/209/mode/1up","Macropygia phasianella robinsoni"],["2470","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia phasianella phasianella","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"south-eastern Australia (southeastern Queensland southward to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9923944",null,null,"Near Port Jackson, New South Wales.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/145/mode/1up","Columba phasianella"],["2471","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia macassariensis","Wallace, 1865","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.4 p.389","Flores Sea Cuckoo-Dove","Flores Sea Cuckoo-Dove","Flores Sea Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Flores Sea islands south of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154625453","ducdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducdov1","avibase-EDF138FC",null,null,"Macassar, Celebes.","On the Pigeons of the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/425/mode/1up","Macropygia amboinensis var. macassariensis"],["2472","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia macassariensis macassariensis","Wallace, 1865","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.4 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"Selayar and Tana Keke (south of southwestern Sulawesi); possibly also southwestern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DD3F465",null,null,"Macassar, Celebes.","On the Pigeons of the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/425/mode/1up","Macropygia amboinensis var. macassariensis"],["2473","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia macassariensis longa","Meise, 1930","Journal für Ornithologie 78, no.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea, Kalao, and Kalaotoa (southeast of southwestern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87D27A64",null,null,"Kalao tua.","Die Vögel von Djampea und benachbarten Inseln nach einer Sammlung Baron Plessens (II).","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01916291","Macropygia magna longa"],["2474","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia magna","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.497","Timor Cuckoo-Dove","Timor Cuckoo-Dove","Timor Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Timor, Wetar, and adjacent eastern Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154625310","timcud1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timcud1","avibase-E3CD28EA",null,null,"Timor.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/597/mode/1up","Macropygia magna"],["2475","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia timorlaoensis","Meyer, 1884","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 p.214","Tanimbar Cuckoo-Dove","Tanimbar Cuckoo-Dove","Tanimbar Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena, Larat, and Selaru)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154625942","tancud1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tancud1","avibase-DA25D77D",null,null,"Timorlaut.","Über neue und ungenügend bekannte Vögel im Königl. Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/224/mode/1up","Macropygia timorlaoënsis"],["2476","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.286","Amboyna Cuckoo-Dove","Amboyna Cuckoo-Dove",null,"2025-0426","Taxon <em>doreya </em>(polytypic) is split from <em>Macropygia amboinensis</em> based on the vocal analysis of Ng et al. (2016). However, genetic and morphological analyses will be needed to better define species limits in the <em>doreya-amboinensis</em> complex.","southern Moluccas, New Guinea and satellite islands, and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,"sbcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbcdov1","avibase-A0F0F910",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/290/mode/1up","Columba amboinensis"],["2477","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis amboinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Ambon, and Seram Laut)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B66C11A6",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/290/mode/1up","Columba amboinensis"],["2478","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis admiralitatis","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.947 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (western Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7AB7305",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 36, Notes on New Guinea birds. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3849/","Macropygia amboinensis admiralitatis"],["2479","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis carteretia","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1112",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago (except Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58FD1BC9",null,null,"New Ireland.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1122/mode/1up","Macropygia carteretia"],["2480","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis keyensis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78175E74",null,null,"Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/216/mode/1up","Macropygia keyensis"],["2481","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis maforensis","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.429-432",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea); population on Biak not identified to subspecies, but vocally is similar to maforensis, and birds on Yapen presumably are the same subspecies as birds on Biak",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17AA29A6",null,null,"Mafor [now Numfor] Island, Geelvink Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/443/mode/1up","Macropygia maforensis"],["2482","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis griseinucha","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Mios Num (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDE61709",null,null,"Jobi, Miosnom, Misoroi, Mafor",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/216/mode/1up","Macropygia griseinucha"],["2483","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis meeki","Rothschild & Hartert, 1915","Novitates Zoologicae 22, no.1 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Manam (off northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C32EF0D9",null,null,"Vulcan (now Manam) Island, off north-central coast of New Guinea","The birds of Vulcan Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22360#page/55/mode/1up","Macropygia amboinensis meeki"],["2484","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis cinereiceps","Tristram, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.558",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea east of the Bird's Neck, including Biak and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B69FF833",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/588/mode/1up","Macropygia cinereiceps"],["2485","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia amboinensis cunctata","Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.2 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BBB816A",null,null,"Rossel Island, Louisiade Group.","On the birds collected by Mr. Meek on St. Aignan Island in the Louisiade Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/232/mode/1up","Macropygia doreya cunctata"],["2486","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia albicapilla","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111","Sulawesi Cuckoo-Dove","Sulawesi Cuckoo-Dove",null,"2026-100, 2025-0426","<em>Macropygia albicapilla</em> (polytypic, including <em>sanghirensis</em>, <em>sedecima,</em> and <em>atrata</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. doreya</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and playback response (Ng et al. 2016; Eaton et al. 2021). A more detailed analysis of the vocalizations across the three subspecies of <em>M. doreya</em> <em>sensu stricto</em>, especially <em>M. d. albiceps</em> of the northern Moluccas, would be informative.","Sulawesi region, including Sangihe, Talaud, Togian, Banggai, Sula, and Tukangbesi islands",null,null,null,"sulcud3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulcud3","avibase-D1923633",null,null,"Celebes.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia albicapilla"],["2487","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia albicapilla albicapilla","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, including Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Tukangbesi and adjacent islands (off southeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6343C801",null,null,"Celebes.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia albicapilla"],["2488","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia albicapilla atrata","Ripley, 1941","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 8 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"Togian Islands (off east-central Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F5231AF",null,null,"Qena Qena, Togian Islands","Notes on a collection of Birds from northern Celebes.",null,"Macropygia amboinensis atrata"],["2489","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia albicapilla sanghirensis","Salvadori, 1878","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 13, 1878 p.1185,1186",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe, Siau, Tahulandang, Ruang, and Talaud islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAD2049E",null,null,"Petta, Sangir Island.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=KHBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1185","Macropygia sanghirensis"],["2490","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia albicapilla sedecima","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB49BDCA",null,null,"Taliaboe, Sula Islands","A new Species and eight new Races from Peleng and Taliaboe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/120/mode/1up","Macropygia amboinensis sedecima"],["2491","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia doreya","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111","Sultan's Cuckoo-Dove","Sultan's Cuckoo-Dove",null,"2026-100, 2025-0426","<em>Macropygia albicapilla</em> (polytypic, including <em>sanghirensis</em>, <em>sedecima,</em> and <em>atrata</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. doreya</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and playback response (Ng et al. 2016; Eaton et al. 2021). A more detailed analysis of the vocalizations across the three subspecies of <em>M. doreya</em> <em>sensu stricto</em>, especially <em>M. d. albiceps</em> of the northern Moluccas, would be informative.","northern Moluccas to northwestern New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,"sulcud4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulcud4","avibase-4E36A3C2",null,null,"New Guinea.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia doreya"],["2492","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia doreya doreya","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-411FB556",null,null,"New Guinea.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia doreya"],["2493","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia doreya balim","Rand, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Balim Valley, western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFA19271",null,null,"Balim River, 1600 m., in central New Guinea [=Baliem River, Jayawijaya Mountains, Highland Papua, Indonesia]","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Macropygia amboinensis balim"],["2494","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia doreya albiceps","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.839",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai to Obi (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF44EED5",null,null,"Ternate",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/851/mode/1up","Macropygia albiceps"],["2495","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia rufipennis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.173 p.371","Andaman Cuckoo-Dove","Andaman Cuckoo-Dove","Andaman Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690549","ancdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ancdov1","avibase-DC1A2059",null,null,"Southern Nicobars.","Notes on the Fauna of the Nicobar Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/503/mode/1up","Macropygia rufipennis"],["2496","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia rufipennis andamanica","Abdulali, 1967","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 63(2) p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B83DC923",null,null,"Betapur, Middle Andamans [=Betapur, Middle Andaman Island.]","More new races of birds from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185606#page/505/mode/1up","Macropygia rufipennis andamanica"],["2497","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia rufipennis rufipennis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.173 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF4F337D",null,null,"Southern Nicobars.","Notes on the Fauna of the Nicobar Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/503/mode/1up","Macropygia rufipennis"],["2498","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia tenuirostris","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111","Philippine Cuckoo-Dove","Philippine Cuckoo-Dove","Philippine Cuckoo-Dove","2025-0428","Although sometimes treated as a subspecies within <em>Macropygia emiliana</em>, taxon <em>borneensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Macropygia tenuirostris</em> based on the vocal analysis of Ng et al. (2016).","Lan-yü Island (southeast of Taiwan), Philippines, and northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219582631","phcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phcdov1","avibase-C1066969",null,null,"Philippines = vicinity of Manila, ex Temminck, pl. col., livr. 17, pl. 100.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia tenuirostris"],["2499","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia tenuirostris phaea","McGregor, 1904","Bulletin of the Philippine Museum no.4 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Calayan Island (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6A0648D",null,null,"Calayan Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119833#page/61/mode/1up","Macropygia phaea"],["2500","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia tenuirostris tenuirostris","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7955BD9C",null,null,"Philippines = vicinity of Manila, ex Temminck, pl. col., livr. 17, pl. 100.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia tenuirostris"],["2501","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia tenuirostris borneensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 pt3 p.203",null,null,null,"2025-0428","Although sometimes treated as a subspecies within <em>Macropygia emiliana</em>, taxon <em>borneensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Macropygia tenuirostris</em> based on the vocal analysis of Ng et al. (2016).","northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB96B908",null,null,"Lingit, Saribas, Sarawak, Borneo.","Nine new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/219/mode/1up","Macropygia emiliana borneensis"],["2502","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia tenuirostris septentrionalis","Hachisuka, 1930","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Lan-yü Island (off Taiwan) and Itbayat, Batan, and Sabtang islands (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46F22079",null,null,"Botel Tobago.",null,null,"Macropygia tenuirostris septentrionalis"],["2503","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia emiliana","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111","Ruddy Cuckoo-Dove","Ruddy Cuckoo-Dove",null,"2025-0427, 2025-0428","2025-0427)) <em>Macropygia emiliana</em> is split into three species based on the vocal analysis of Ng et al. (2016): <em>emiliana</em> (polytypic); <em>modiglianii</em> (polytypic); and <em>cinnamomea</em> (monotypic). 2025-0428)) Although sometimes treated as a subspecies within <em>Macropygia emiliana</em>, taxon <em>borneensis</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Macropygia tenuirostris</em> based on the vocal analysis of Ng et al. (2016).","Krakatau (west of Java), Java, Bali, and Lombok to Flores (western and central Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"rucdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucdov1","avibase-4254A9CB",null,null,"Java, restricted to the plains of central Java by Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, 1921, p. 203.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia emiliana"],["2504","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia emiliana emiliana","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1111",null,null,null,null,null,"Krakatau, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Palue islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A22B5979",null,null,"Java, restricted to the plains of central Java by Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, 1921, p. 203.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1121/mode/1up","Macropygia emiliana"],["2505","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia emiliana megala","Siebers, 1929","Treubia 11, no.1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (off northeastern Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7B2AB8A",null,null,"Ardjasa, Kangean Island.","Neue Vogelrassen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v11i1.1840","Macropygia phasianella megala"],["2506","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia cinnamomea","Salvadori, 1892","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.140","Enggano Cuckoo-Dove","Enggano Cuckoo-Dove","Enggano Cuckoo-Dove","2025-0427","<em>Macropygia emiliana</em> is split into three species based on the vocal analysis of Ng et al. (2016): <em>emiliana </em>(polytypic); <em>modiglianii </em>(polytypic); and <em>cinnamomea </em>(monotypic).","Enggano (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232610475","engcud1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/engcud1","avibase-F30B6A47",null,null,"Kija-juc and Bua-Bua, Enggano Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/148/mode/1up","Macropygia cinnamomea"],["2507","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia modiglianii","Salvadori, 1887","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.559, pl.8 fig.2","Barusan Cuckoo-Dove","Barusan Cuckoo-Dove",null,"2025-0427","<em>Macropygia emiliana</em> is split into three species based on the vocal analysis of Ng et al. (2016): <em>emiliana </em>(polytypic); <em>modiglianii </em>(polytypic); and <em>cinnamomea </em>(monotypic).","western Sumatran islands (except Enggano)",null,null,null,"barcud1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barcud1","avibase-94D0405A",null,null,"Lelemboli, Nias Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/581/mode/1up","Macropygia modiglianii"],["2508","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia modiglianii modiglianii","Salvadori, 1887","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.559, pl.8 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A905A46",null,null,"Lelemboli, Nias Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/581/mode/1up","Macropygia modiglianii"],["2509","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia modiglianii elassa","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Islands (Siberut, Sipura, and Pagai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C3562D8",null,null,"Sikakap Strait, North Pagi Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/120/mode/1up","Macropygia emiliana elassa"],["2510","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia modiglianii hypopercna","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD366CA9",null,null,"Sibabo Bay, Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/120/mode/1up","Macropygia emiliana hypopercna"],["2511","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.95, vol.4 pl.561","Little Cuckoo-Dove","Little Cuckoo-Dove","Little Cuckoo-Dove",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, open woodland, and lightly wooded cultivation, from eastern Myanmar and south-central China eastward to northern Vietnam, thence southward through the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo, and from Java eastward to Timor",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690576","licdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/licdov1","avibase-890C54C3",null,null,"Java and Sumatra, restricted type locality, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/561/mode/1up","Columba ruficeps"],["2512","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps assimilis","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and far southwestern China (Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F211779",null,null,"Tenasserim hills northeast of Moulmein.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/461/mode/1up","Macropygia assimilis"],["2513","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps engelbachi","Delacour, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Vietnam (western Tonkin) and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08CB527D",null,null,"Xieng Khouang, 4000 feet, Laos.","Descriptions of three new races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/86/mode/1up","Macropygia ruficeps engelbachi"],["2514","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps malayana","Chasen & Kloss, 1931","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 5 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DDE4571",null,null,"Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang Boundary, 2500-4500 feet, Federated Malay States.","Five new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328451/em-five-new-malaysian-em-birds","Macropygia ruficeps malayana"],["2515","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps simalurensis","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-676F41DD",null,null,"Simalur Island, off the west coast of Sumatra.","Descriptions of eight new birds from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/223/mode/1up","Macropygia simalurensis"],["2516","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps sumatrana","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society no.80 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-880A3964",null,null,"Gunong Talaman, 4250 feet, Ophir district, western Sumatra.","On a collection of birds from N.E. Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130752#page/367/mode/1up","Macropygia ruficeps sumatranus"],["2517","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps nana","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and Sebatik Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BE159A9",null,null,"Kina Balu, 3000 feet, Borneo.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/331/mode/1up","Macropygia ruficeps nana"],["2518","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps ruficeps","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.95, vol.4 pl.561",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80E90555",null,null,"Java and Sumatra, restricted type locality, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/561/mode/1up","Columba ruficeps"],["2519","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Macropygia ruficeps orientalis","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, and Flores; populations from Sumba through Timor may be undescribed taxon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82F5108E",null,null,"Tambora, 3000 feet, Sumbawa.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/625/mode/1up","Macropygia ruficeps orientalis"],["2520","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ectopistes","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Columba migratoria [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1837, Natural History and Classification of Birds, 2, p. 348).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/390/mode/1up","Ectopistes"],["2521","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ectopistes migratorius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.285","Passenger Pigeon","Passenger Pigeon","Passenger Pigeon",null,null,"formerly eastern Canada and USA; extinct, last reported in wild end of 19th C, last captive individual died 1914","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690733","paspig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paspig","avibase-D397FE25",null,null,"North America = South Carolina, ex Catesby, 1, p. 23, pl. 23.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/289/mode/1up","Columba migratoria"],["2522","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xxv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba leucocephala [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/93/mode/1up","Patagioenas"],["2523","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas caribaea","(Jacquin, 1784)","Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel p.30","Ring-tailed Pigeon","Ring-tailed Pigeon","Ring-tailed Pigeon",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690281","ritpig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ritpig","avibase-05E3F3DF",null,null,"Caribbean Islands, i.e. = Jamaica, ex Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104660#page/40/mode/1up","Columba caribaea"],["2524","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas araucana","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 p.706, pl.40","Chilean Pigeon","Chilean Pigeon","Chilean Pigeon",null,null,"Araucaria and Nothofagus forest and adjacent fields of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690273","chipig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chipig2","avibase-2BD38691",null,null,"Talcahuano, Concepcion Bay, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/95/mode/1up","Columba araucana"],["2525","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas fasciata","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.10,note","Band-tailed Pigeon","Band-tailed Pigeon",null,"2025-0399","Taxon <em>albilinea </em>(polytypic, including <em>roraimae </em>and <em>crissalis</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Patagioenas fasciata</em> based on available evidence. Although southern <em>albilinea </em>and northern <em>fasciata </em>differ consistently in morphology and vocalizations, the geographically intermediate taxon <em>crissalis </em>is apparently intermediate in both morphology (including bill pattern) and vocalizations (e.g., Hellmayr &amp; Conover 1942). Further research integrating genetics, morphology, and vocalizations, is needed to better define species limits in this group.","western North America from southwestern Canada to tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Roraima) and mountains of eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina",null,null,null,"batpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batpig1","avibase-31ACA998",null,null,"Small tributary of the Platte, = Plum Creek, near Castle Rock, Douglas County, Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/22/mode/1up","Columba fasciata"],["2526","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas fasciata monilis","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.26 pl.X",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alaska and western Canada to western USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-575249CE",null,null,"Monterey, California",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/68/mode/1up","Columba monilis"],["2527","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas fasciata fasciata","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.10,note",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central and southwestern USA to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BDD5211",null,null,"Small tributary of the Platte, = Plum Creek, near Castle Rock, Douglas County, Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/22/mode/1up","Columba fasciata"],["2528","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas fasciata vioscae","(Brewster, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49691AE8",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Columba fasciata vioscae"],["2529","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas fasciata crissalis","(Salvadori, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93407C44",null,null,"Boquete de Chitra, Veraguas, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/318/mode/1up","Columba crissalis"],["2530","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas fasciata albilinea","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1108",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, northwestern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-975A928B",null,null,"South America = Colombia.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1118/mode/1up","Columba albilinea"],["2531","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas fasciata roraimae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A033BA52",null,null,"Philipp Camp, 6000 feet, Mt. Roraima, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Columba albilinea roraimae"],["2532","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas inornata","(Vigors, 1827)","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.446","Plain Pigeon","Plain Pigeon","Plain Pigeon",null,null,"Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690312","plapig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plapig","avibase-C4BD9E16",null,null,"Near Havana, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/474/mode/1up","Columba inornata"],["2533","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas oenops","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.20","Maranon Pigeon","Peruvian Pigeon","Peruvian Pigeon",null,null,"northern Peru (subtropical Marañón Valley) and adjacent southern Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690302","perpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perpig2","avibase-2328CDB8",null,null,"Viña, Huamachuco, 5500 feet, Malca and Cajabamba, 8000 feet, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/38/mode/1up","Columba oenops"],["2534","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas flavirostris","(Wagler, 1831)","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.519","Red-billed Pigeon","Red-billed Pigeon","Red-billed Pigeon",null,null,"drier and riparian woodland and semi-open areas from lowlands to hills on Pacific slope from southern Sonora, and Caribbean slope from Rio Grande valley of far southern Texas (USA), southward through Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula (but not normally Cozumel), through Costa Rica and far northwestern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690296","rebpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpig1","avibase-F8174D40",null,null,"Mexico, restricted to the State of Vera Cruz by van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc, 6, 1930, p. 198.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/286/mode/1up","Columba flavirostris"],["2535","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas flavirostris flavirostris","(Wagler, 1831)","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.519",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (Río Grande Valley) to eastern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-930DF087",null,null,"Mexico, restricted to the State of Vera Cruz by van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc, 6, 1930, p. 198.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/286/mode/1up","Columba flavirostris"],["2536","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas flavirostris madrensis","(Nelson, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-180D6F2C",null,null,"Maria Madre Island, Tres Marías Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/20/mode/1up","Columba flavirostris madrensis"],["2537","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas flavirostris restricta","(Van Rossem, 1930)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora to Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-141295C0",null,null,"Tecoripa, Sonora, Mexico.","Two new subspecies of Birds from Sonora.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/273/mode/1up","Columba flavirostris restricta"],["2538","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas flavirostris minima","(Carriker, 1910)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 6 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Costa Rica (Gulf of Nicoya region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A607A4B9",null,null,"Ciruelas, Costa Rica.","An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122994#page/446/mode/1up","Columba flavirostris minima"],["2539","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas maculosa","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.113,450","Spot-winged Pigeon","Spot-winged Pigeon",null,"2025-0403","Taxon <em>albipennis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Patagioenas maculosa</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. While some plumage differences occur, information on vocalizations is lacking and the taxa appear to be elevational replacements. Further research, especially in areas where their ranges might meet, is required.","central Peru (Lima) southward through Bolivia to central Argentina and northern Chile (Arica y Parinacota and Tarapacá), eastward across southern Brazil and Paraguay to Uruguay",null,null,null,"spwpig3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwpig3","avibase-346FC22F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/135/mode/1up","Columba Maculosa"],["2540","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas maculosa albipennis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru to western Bolivia and far northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DAE7539",null,null,"Peru and Bolivia, the type is from Pitumarca, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part IX.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90509#page/24/mode/1up","Columba albipennis"],["2541","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas maculosa maculosa","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.113,450",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and south-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC3675BF",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/135/mode/1up","Columba Maculosa"],["2542","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis","(Bonnaterre, 1792)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.51 p.234","Pale-vented Pigeon","Pale-vented Pigeon","Pale-vented Pigeon",null,null,"lowlands and hills of Caribbean slope from Mexico southward to Nicaragua, and Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690290","pavpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pavpig2","avibase-A8908194",null,null,"Cayenne [=Suriname]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/340/mode/1up","Columba cayennensis"],["2543","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis pallidicrissa","(Chubb, 1910)","Ibis ser.9, vol.4, no.13 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southeastern Mexico to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA2268CF",null,null,"Costa Rica.","On the Birds of Paraguay.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270950#page/110/mode/1up","Columba pallidicrissa"],["2544","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis occidentalis","(Sztolcman, 1926)","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (west of the Andes), western Ecuador, and far northwestern Peru (northeastern Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C7F055F",null,null,"Yaguachi, Río Yaguachi, Ecuador.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Columba rufina occidentalis"],["2545","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis tamboensis","(Conover, 1938)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 20, no.36 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97D59FD5",null,null,"El Tambo, Cauca, 5100 ft., Colombia","A new Pigeon from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20912#page/7/mode/1up","Columba cayennensis tamboensis"],["2546","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis andersoni","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F8C9A0E",null,null,"Serra da Lua, near Boa Vista, northern Brazil.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/10/mode/1up","Columba rufina andersoni"],["2547","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis tobagensis","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-578CDD58",null,null,"Island of Tobago.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/11/mode/1up","Columba rufina tobagensis"],["2548","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis cayennensis","(Bonnaterre, 1792)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.51 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-387CC8AA",null,null,"Cayenne [=Suriname]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/340/mode/1up","Columba cayennensis"],["2549","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas cayennensis sylvestris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to Brazil south of the Amazon River, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2FCBD3C",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/388/mode/1up","Columba sylvestris"],["2550","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas corensis","(Jacquin, 1784)","Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel p.31","Bare-eyed Pigeon","Bare-eyed Pigeon","Bare-eyed Pigeon",null,null,"arid coastal northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690247","baepig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baepig2","avibase-A87AEB78",null,null,"Ben Koro in dem Gebiethe von Venezuela",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104660#page/41/mode/1up","Columba corensis"],["2551","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas picazuro","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.111,449","Picazuro Pigeon","Picazuro Pigeon","Picazuro Pigeon",null,null,"dry to semi-humid woodland, gallery forest, and groves from northeastern Brazil (northern Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, and northeastern Pará) westward across the southern Amazon basin (to southern Amazonas, Rondônia, and adjacent Acre), and northern Bolivia; and southward across interior and eastern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay to central Argentina (southern Río Negro); also locally in central Chile and far southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690253","picpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/picpig2","avibase-C7405D19",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 317.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/133/mode/1up","Columba Picazuro"],["2552","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas picazuro marginalis","(Naumburg, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.554 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Piauí, Bahia, and Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E26532FB",null,null,"Corriente, 1500 feet, Piauhy, Brazil.","Three new birds from northwestern Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4194/","Columba picazuro marginalis"],["2553","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas picazuro picazuro","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.111,449",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pernambuco) to Bolivia and south-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD960355",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 317.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/133/mode/1up","Columba Picazuro"],["2554","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas speciosa","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.783","Scaled Pigeon","Scaled Pigeon","Scaled Pigeon",null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690235","scapig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scapig2","avibase-3EAF0903",null,null,"Cayenne, ez Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 213.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/284/mode/1up","Columba speciosa"],["2555","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas leucocephala","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164","White-crowned Pigeon","White-crowned Pigeon","White-crowned Pigeon",null,null,"southern Florida and offshore islands from West Indies to northwestern Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690229","whcpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpig2","avibase-5F571C8A",null,null,"North America = Bahama Islands, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba leucocephala"],["2556","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas squamosa","(Bonnaterre, 1792)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.51 p.234","Scaly-naped Pigeon","Scaly-naped Pigeon","Scaly-naped Pigeon",null,null,"Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, and Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690241","scnpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scnpig1","avibase-D15BB73D",null,null,"Guadeloupe, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/340/mode/1up","Columba Squamosa"],["2557","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea","(Lawrence, 1868)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.135","Ruddy Pigeon","Ruddy Pigeon","Ruddy Pigeon",null,null,"humid forest from western Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru, in central Colombia southward in the foothills of the Andes to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena, east of the Andes in the foothills of the Sierra de Perijá, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward across the Amazon basin to central Bolivia and central Mato Grosso, in Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690328","rudpig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudpig","avibase-F4F72BD9",null,null,"Dota, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/151/mode/1up","Chloroenas subvinacea"],["2558","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea subvinacea","(Lawrence, 1868)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27F08CD4",null,null,"Dota, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/151/mode/1up","Chloroenas subvinacea"],["2559","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea berlepschi","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southeastern Panama to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F9F5CFF",null,null,"Paramba, 3500 feet, Ecuador.","On a collection of birds from North-western Ecuador, collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/524/mode/1up","Columba subvinacea berlepschi"],["2560","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea ruberrima","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1950)","Notulae Naturae 221 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia (Sinú Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83F42795",null,null,"Quimari, 600 m, Bolívar, Colombia","Colombian Zoological Survey. Pt. V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Columba subvinacea ruberrima"],["2561","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea peninsularis","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E89B01B",null,null,"Mountains above Cristobal Colón, 1500 feet, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Columba subvinacea peninsularis"],["2562","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea zuliae","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF523B01",null,null,"Orope, Zulia, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/11/mode/1up","Columba subvinacea zuliae"],["2563","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea anolaimae","(Chubb, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85778328",null,null,"Anolaima, 5000 feet, western slope of the Eastern Andes, Colombia.","Descriptions of three new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/43/mode/1up","Columba anolaimae"],["2564","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea purpureotincta","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.594,note",null,null,null,null,null,"distribution not well defined, but includes southern Venezuela (and eastern Colombia?), the Guianas, and Brazil north of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-097A3AB7",null,null,"Demerara, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/608/mode/1up","Columba purpureotincta"],["2565","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea ogilviegranti","(Chubb, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia southward to eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7820CB49",null,null,"Guayabamba, 4500 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of three new species of birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/31/mode/1up","Columba ogilvie-granti"],["2566","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas subvinacea recondita","(Todd, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFAA8B2C",null,null,"Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil","The Pigeons of the Columba plumbea group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/217/mode/1up","Columba subvinacea recondita"],["2567","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas plumbea","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.358","Plumbeous Pigeon","Plumbeous Pigeon","Plumbeous Pigeon",null,null,"tropical lowland and hill forest from southeastern Panama through more mesic regions of South America southward through Bolivia and Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690321","plupig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plupig2","avibase-CD161B09",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/380/mode/1up","Columba plumbea"],["2568","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas plumbea bogotensis","(Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"distribution not well defined, but typically described as lower slopes of the east side of the Andes from Venezuela southward to Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E47AAB8",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/42/mode/1up","Chloroenas plumbea Vieil. subsp. n. bogotensis"],["2569","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas plumbea chapmani","(Ridgway, 1916)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.7 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Panama through western Colombia to northwestern Peru (Tumbes area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31DA8F4E",null,null,"Gualea, Province of Pichincha, Ecuador.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VII. Families Cuculidae, Psittacidae and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32596#page/347/mode/1up","OEnoenas plumbea chapmani"],["2570","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas plumbea pallescens","(Snethlage, 1908)","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"distribution not well defined, but reported from southeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and southwest Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32539CBA",null,null,"Bom Lugar, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Eine Vogelsammlung vom Rio Purús, Brasilien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/34/mode/1up","Columba plumbea pallescens"],["2571","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas plumbea wallacei","(Chubb, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas (and easternmost Venezuela?) and central Amazonian Brazil, north of the Amazon west to the Rio Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E648DBF",null,null,"Rio Capim, Pará, Brazil.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/58/mode/1up","Columba plumbea wallacei"],["2572","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas plumbea baeri","(Hellmayr, 1908)","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (Goiás and northwestern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE701D9B",null,null,"Goyaz [=Goiás], Brazil.","An account of the birds collected by Mons. G. A. Baer in the State of Goyaz, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/107/mode/1up","Columba plumbea baeri"],["2573","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas plumbea plumbea","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A08F90AB",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/380/mode/1up","Columba plumbea"],["2574","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas nigrirostris","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.390","Short-billed Pigeon","Short-billed Pigeon","Short-billed Pigeon",null,null,"lowland rainforest of southeastern Mexico to northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690334","shbpig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbpig","avibase-1D706BD0",null,null,"Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/482/mode/1up","Columba nigrirostris"],["2575","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Patagioenas goodsoni","(Hartert, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.42","Dusky Pigeon","Dusky Pigeon","Dusky Pigeon",null,null,"lowland rainforest of western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690340","duspig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duspig2","avibase-A057002F",null,null,"San Javier, Pambilar and Carondelet, northwestern Ecuador; the type is from Pambilar.","[Exhibition and description of two new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/300/mode/1up","Columba goodsoni"],["2576","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia","Sundevall, 1873","Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 2 p.100",null,null,null,"2025-0402","<em>Spilopelia </em>is adopted for <em>chinensis </em>and <em>senegalensis </em>based on genetic evidence. Combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences in <em>Streptopelia sensu lato</em> (Johnson et al. 2001; Fulton et al. 2012) recovered <em>Spilopelia </em>as part of a basal polytomy with <em>Nesoenas </em>and a reduced <em>Streptopelia</em>. Retaining a monophyletic <em>Streptopelia sensu lato</em> is valid but would result in a phenotypically diverse genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba tigrina [Temminck, 1809]; type by subsequent designation (Sundevall, 1873, Methodi Naturalis Avium Disponendarum Tentamen, p. 186).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214645#page/182/mode/1up","Spilopelia"],["2577","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia chinensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94","Spotted Dove","Spotted Dove",null,"2025-0401","Taxon <em>suratensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Spilopelia chinensis</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although western <em>suratensis </em>differs from eastern <em>chinensis </em>in voice and morphology, the geographically intermediate taxon <em>tigrina </em>is intermediate in appearance and vocalizations. A more detailed analysis of all forms, including genetics, is needed.","lowland to montane forest, open woodland, mangroves, cultivation, and towns, from northern Pakistan, Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka eastward to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward through Malayan Peninsula and Philippines to Indonesia; Himalayan populations move downslope in winter; introduced to Mauritius and Rodrigues (Mascarenes), eastern Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Fiji, Hawaii (all main islands), and southern California",null,null,null,"spodov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spodov","avibase-C8EF4F36",null,null,"China, restricted to Canton, by Stresemann, injra, p. 67.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba chinensis"],["2578","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia chinensis suratensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.778",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan, India, and Nepal eastward to Bhutan and Assam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D164E2CE",null,null,"Surat, Gulf of Cambay, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/279/mode/1up","Columba suratensis"],["2579","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia chinensis ceylonensis","(Reichenbach, 1861)","Die vollständigste Naturgeschichte der Tauben und taubenartigen Vögel: Wallnister, Erdtauben, Baumtauben, Hocco's. Columbariæ, Megapodinæ, Peristerinæ, Columbinæ, Alectorinæ p.72-73, pl.253b (nov.131), fig. 3373-3374",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BE15ABC",null,null,"Ceylon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183487#page/168/mode/1up","Turtur ceylonensis"],["2580","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia chinensis tigrina","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.94, pl.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangladesh and far northeastern India eastward to southeastern Asia, Philippines, and Greater and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51CA6F1D",null,null,"Timor and Batavia, the type in the Paris Museum is from Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/250/mode/1up","Columba Tigrina"],["2581","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia chinensis chinensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar eastward to central and eastern China and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B503E5E3",null,null,"China, restricted to Canton, by Stresemann, injra, p. 67.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba chinensis"],["2582","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia chinensis hainana","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (off southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9566EF17",null,null,"Hoihow, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/215/mode/1up","Turtur chinensis hainanus"],["2583","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283","Laughing Dove","Laughing Dove","Laughing Dove",null,null,"desert oases from Morocco to Egypt, Nile Valley from delta southward to Sudan; widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal eastward to Somalia and southward to South Africa (absent from wetter forest such as the Congo basin); Arabian Peninsula eastward to India (where widespread) and Nepal and north to Transcaspia, Kazakhstan, and western China; introduced São Tomé and Príncipe, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Türkiye, Malta, and Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690445","laudov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laudov1","avibase-B2D6AB06",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba senegalensis"],["2584","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia senegalensis phoenicophila","(Hartert, 1916)","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"oases south of Atlas Mountains in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B3F4BB5",null,null,"Africa Minor, type from Oumash, near Biskra, southern Algeria.","Notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/98/mode/1up","Streptopelia senegalensis phoenicophila"],["2585","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.607",null,null,null,null,null,"Nile Valley (Suez Canal and delta southward to Wadi Halfa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D72EC735",null,null,"Egypt, ex Forskal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/147/mode/1up","Columba aegyptiaca"],["2586","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia senegalensis senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa, western Arabian Peninsula, and Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EF67F3C",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba senegalensis"],["2587","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia senegalensis cambayensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.779",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Arabia and eastern Iraq eastward to Pakistan and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E320BA65",null,null,"'Cambaya,' i.e. Gulf of Cambay, northwestern India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/280/mode/1up","Columba cambayensis"],["2588","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Spilopelia senegalensis ermanni","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.942",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaspia and Kazakhstan eastward to western China (western Xinjiang), southward to northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E170F85",null,null,"Bokhara.","Suite et fin des Additions et Corrections au Coup d'Oeil sur l'Ordre des PIGEONS, et à la partie correspondante du Conspectus Avium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/954/mode/1up","Turtur ermanni"],["2589","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas","Salvadori, 1893","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.327",null,null,null,"2025-0402","<em>Spilopelia </em>is adopted for <em>chinensis </em>and <em>senegalensis </em>based on genetic evidence. Combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences in <em>Streptopelia sensu lato</em> (Johnson et al. 2001; Fulton et al. 2012) recovered <em>Spilopelia </em>as part of a basal polytomy with <em>Nesoenas </em>and a reduced <em>Streptopelia</em>. Retaining a monophyletic <em>Streptopelia sensu lato</em> is valid but would result in a phenotypically diverse genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba mayeri [Prévost, 1843]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/351/mode/1up","Nesoenas"],["2590","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas rodericanus","(Milne-Edwards, 1873)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.2-3 p.16, pl.12","Rodrigues Pigeon","Rodrigues Turtle-Dove","Rodrigues Turtle-dove",null,null,"formerly Rodrigues; last observed in 1726; described from fossils, and known from two descriptions from early visitors to Rodrigues","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728722","rodtud1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodtud1","avibase-2BB91092",null,null,"Rodriguez Island","Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/190/mode/1up","Columba rodericana"],["2591","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas mayeri","(Prévost, 1843)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.113, pl.60","Pink Pigeon","Pink Pigeon",null,"2025-0065","Extinct taxon <em>duboisi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Nesoenas mayeri</em> based on available evidence. Known only from a single subfossil humerus, mensural analysis (Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1999) shows it to fall within the range of <em>mayeri </em>for all traits except length, which is only slightly longer.","Réunion (formerly) and Mauritius (western and central Mascarenes, respectively)",null,null,null,"pinpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinpig2","avibase-469B7EC8",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/125/mode/1up","Columba Mayeri"],["2592","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas mayeri mayeri","(Prévost, 1843)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.113, pl.60",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of southern Mauritius; formerly on verge of extinction, has recovered somewhat",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-602F4DD0",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/125/mode/1up","Columba Mayeri"],["2593","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas mayeri duboisi","Rothschild, 1907","Extinct birds. An attempt to unite in one volume a short account of those birds which have become extinct in historical times - that is, within the last six or seven hundred years. To which are added a few which still exist, but are on the verge of extinction p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Réunion; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F0D6AB1",null,null,"Reunion or Bourbon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148380#page/202/mode/1up","Nesoenas duboisi"],["2594","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas picturatus","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.315,480","Malagasy Turtle Dove","Malagasy Turtle-Dove","Madagascar Turtle-dove","2025-0425","Taxon <em>picturatus </em>(polytypic) is placed in the genus <em>Nesoenas </em>based on genetics and vocalizations. Formerly placed in <em>Streptopelia</em>, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Johnson et al. 2001) show that <em>picturatus </em>is sister to <em>Nesoenas mayeri</em>, and the two share striking vocal similarities (Johnson et al. 2001; Wolfenden et al. 2015).","Malagasy region and (perhaps introduced) Chagos Archipelago (west-central Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690364","matdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/matdov1","avibase-CDDEA7EB",null,null,"Île de France, i.e. Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/337/mode/1up","Columba Picturata"],["2595","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas picturatus rostratus","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Seychelles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFA5E13E",null,null,"Seychelles.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (quatrième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/26/mode/1up","Turtur rostratus"],["2596","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas picturatus aldabranus","(Sclater, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.3 p.623",null,null,null,null,null,"Amirante Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA78FDF2",null,null,"Aldabra Island.","Description of a new Species of Dove from the Coral-reef of Aldabra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/749/mode/1up","Turtur aldabranus"],["2597","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas picturatus coppingeri","(Sharpe, 1884)","Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Alert' 1881-2, Aves p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra and Cosmoledo Atoll (southwestern Seychelles) and Îles Glorieuses (off northern Madagascar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C68C14ED",null,null,"Glorioso Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63054#page/516/mode/1up","Turtur coppingeri"],["2598","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas picturatus comorensis","(Newton, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-877F5483",null,null,"Anjuan Island [=Nzwani], Comoro Islands","On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Anjuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/394/mode/1up","Turtur comorensis"],["2599","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Nesoenas picturatus picturatus","(Temminck, 1813)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 1 p.315,480",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28875D19",null,null,"Île de France, i.e. Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148601#page/337/mode/1up","Columba Picturata"],["2600","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40, no.1 p.18",null,null,null,"2025-0405","Taxon <em>larvata </em>(polytypic) is placed in the genus <em>Aplopelia </em>based on ecology, behavior, and genetics. Previously placed in <em>Columba</em>, but genomic and mitochondrial DNA data suggest that <em>larvata </em>may be aligned with <em>Streptopelia </em>and related genera (Boyd et al. 2022) or form part of a basal polytomy with these groups (Pereira 2013). In addition, <em>A. larvata</em> is a ground-feeding granivore, unlike the predominantly frugivorous forest-dwelling <em>Columba</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba larvata [Temminck, 1809]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 150).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/28/mode/1up","Aplopelia"],["2601","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.71, pl.31","Lemon Dove","Lemon Dove","Lemon Dove",null,null,"patchy across sub-Saharan Africa in lowland and montane forest from Sierra Leone and Guinea to Cameroon and southward to northwestern Angola and on Gulf of Guinea islands, and from South Sudan and Ethiopia southward to Zambia and Malawi, and from eastern Zimbabwe and northern Mozambique to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690384","lemdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lemdov2","avibase-EE40DDB6",null,null,"Antinoquoi Country, i.e. Knysna, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/205/mode/1up","Columba Larvata"],["2602","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata inornata","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, ser.4,no.198 p.179,221",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Liberia, southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC13A78E",null,null,"Buea, 950-2200 meters, Kameruns (=Cameroon).","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/193/mode/1up","Haplopelia inornata"],["2603","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata principalis","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83ADBF1D",null,null,"Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea.","Synopsis of the Birds of Ilha do Principe, with some Remarks on their Habits and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/420/mode/1up","Peristera principalis"],["2604","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata simplex","(Hartlaub, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE53C299",null,null,"Island of São Thome.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/533/mode/1up","Turtur simplex"],["2605","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata bronzina","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.65 pl.23 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, and southeastern South Sudan (Boma Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51D02C4A",null,null,"Simen Province, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/145/mode/1up","Columba bronzina"],["2606","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata larvata","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.71, pl.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan and central and eastern Uganda to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6054311",null,null,"Antinoquoi Country, i.e. Knysna, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/205/mode/1up","Columba Larvata"],["2607","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata jacksoni","Sharpe, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda to western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87E15785",null,null,"Ruwenzori.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/581/mode/1up","Haplopelia jacksoni"],["2608","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Aplopelia larvata samaliyae","White, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FF9E714",null,null,"Kansoku, Mwinilunga district, Northern Rhodesia","A new race of Lemon Dove from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/46/mode/1up","Aplopelia simplex samaliyae"],["2609","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.17",null,null,null,"2025-0402","<em>Spilopelia </em>is adopted for <em>chinensis </em>and <em>senegalensis </em>based on genetic evidence. Combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences in <em>Streptopelia sensu lato</em> (Johnson et al. 2001; Fulton et al. 2012) recovered <em>Spilopelia </em>as part of a basal polytomy with <em>Nesoenas </em>and a reduced <em>Streptopelia</em>. Retaining a monophyletic <em>Streptopelia sensu lato</em> is valid but would result in a phenotypically diverse genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba risoria [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 150).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/27/mode/1up","Streptopelia"],["2610","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia bitorquata","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.86, pl.40","Sunda Collared Dove","Sunda Collared-Dove","Sunda Collared-dove",null,null,"Java, Bali, and Lombok to Sumbawa, Flores, Solor, and Timor",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727521","iscdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/iscdov1","avibase-DFC8E556",null,null,"Indies = Timor, fide Hellmayr, Avif. Timor, 1914, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/236/mode/1up","Columba Bitorquata"],["2611","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia dusumieri","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.32, vol.4 pl.188","Philippine Collared Dove","Philippine Collared-Dove","Philippine Collared-dove",null,null,"Philippines (including Sulu Archipelago); introduced to northern Marianas (Saipan southward to Guam)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727533","phicod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phicod1","avibase-E9FDB2B9",null,null,"Vicinity of Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/483/mode/1up","Columba dusumieri"],["2612","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia tranquebarica","(Hermann, 1804)","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.200","Red Collared Dove","Red Collared-Dove","Red Collared-dove",null,null,"lowland to foothill open country with trees, scrub, and dry woodland, from Pakistan eastward to southern Japan (southern Ryukyu Islands), southern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan, and southward to south-central India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, southeastern Asia, and northern Philippines; some northern populations migratory to southern Asia; introduced to Malayan Peninsula, Sulawesi, and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690493","recdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recdov1","avibase-BC140778",null,null,"Tranquebaria, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200985#page/202/mode/1up","Columba tranquebarica"],["2613","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia tranquebarica humilis","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.44, vol.4 pl.259",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tibet and Nepal eastward to northern China, and southward to south-central India, Andaman Islands, southeastern Asia, southern Japan (southern Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan, and northern Philippines; locally introduced and range expanding in Malaysia and Indonesia, especially Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61FEC764",null,null,"Bengal and Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/535/mode/1up","Columba humilis"],["2614","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia tranquebarica tranquebarica","(Hermann, 1804)","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Sind, Punjab, and western Nepal southward through Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9ACF477",null,null,"Tranquebaria, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200985#page/202/mode/1up","Columba tranquebarica"],["2615","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia orientalis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.606","Oriental Turtle Dove","Oriental Turtle-Dove","Oriental Turtle-dove",null,null,"lowland to subalpine montane forest, scrub, wooded farmland, and oak or bamboo woodland, from Ural Mountains (southern Russia) eastward to central Siberia and Sakhalin (Russia), southward to central India, northern Vietnam, southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu and Izu islands); northern populations migrate southward to tropics",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690439","ortdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ortdov","avibase-6658BAC5",null,null,"China, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/146/mode/1up","Columba orientalis"],["2616","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia orientalis meena","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Siberia to Iran, Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81DC7AAA",null,null,"Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/353/mode/1up","Columba Meena"],["2617","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia orientalis orientalis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.606",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Siberia eastward to Sakhalin and Kurile Islands, and eastern Himalayas to China, Japan, and Taiwan; winters to southern and eastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31061DED",null,null,"China, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/146/mode/1up","Columba orientalis"],["2618","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia orientalis stimpsoni","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.641 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AB4E79E",null,null,"Riu Kiu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/413/mode/1up","Turtur stimpsoni"],["2619","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia orientalis erythrocephala","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C613A829",null,null,"“South Africa” [error for Southern India; Whistler, H., 1943]; restricted to Mysore State [=Southern Karnataka] by Ripley 1961",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/26/mode/1up","Turtur erythrocephalus"],["2620","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia orientalis agricola","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Myanmar and south-central China (western Yunnan toHainan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCDC6A9F",null,null,"Jungles of Borabhiim and Dholbhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/639/mode/1up","Columba agricola"],["2621","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia turtur","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164","European Turtle Dove","European Turtle-Dove","European Turtle-dove",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, steppe, heath, semi-desert, and date-palm oases, from British Isles and Poland eastward to western Siberia (Russia) and northwestern China, southward to northwestern Africa, the Canary Islands, the Nile Valley (Egypt), Arabian Peninsula, and Iran; most populations migratory, wintering from Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690419","eutdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eutdov","avibase-5788552B",null,null,"India, error = England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba Turtur"],["2622","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia turtur turtur","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Azores, Canary Islands, and Europe to western Siberia and Kazakhstan; winters to Sahel zone of north-central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-790048F0",null,null,"India, error = England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba Turtur"],["2623","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia turtur arenicola","(Hartert, 1894)","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Balearic Islands and northwestern Africa to Iran and far western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-727E258F",null,null,"Fao on the Persian Gulf. [=Al-Faw, Iraq]","On a desert form of Turtur turtur (L.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/62/mode/1up","Turtur turtur arenicola"],["2624","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia turtur hoggara","(Geyr von Schweppenburg, 1916)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sahara (Aïr Massif and Hoggar Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB9A38A1",null,null,"Ideles, Hoggar Plateau, Sahara.","Neue Formen aus dem nördlichen Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/73/mode/1up","Turtur turtur hoggara"],["2625","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia turtur rufescens","(Brehm, 1845)","Isis von Oken 38, heft 5 col.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (Dakhla and Kharga oases) and northern Sudan (Faiyûm)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28B02FC0",null,null,"Griechenlands [Greece]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87989#page/190/mode/1up","Peristera (Tutur) rufescens"],["2626","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia lugens","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.64 pl.22 fig.2","Dusky Turtle Dove","Dusky Turtle-Dove","Dusky Turtle-dove",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Africa and southwestern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690432","dutdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dutdov1","avibase-8770C6A7",null,null,"Taranta Mountains and Province of Simien, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/144/mode/1up","Columba lugens"],["2627","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia hypopyrrha","(Reichenow, 1910)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.174","Adamawa Turtle Dove","Adamawa Turtle-Dove","Adamawa Turtle-dove",null,null,"highlands of eastern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, and far southwestern Chad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690426","adtdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/adtdov1","avibase-3D386DBA",null,null,"Benue River, Adamawa.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/188/mode/1up","Turtur hypopyrrhus"],["2628","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia vinacea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.782","Vinaceous Dove","Vinaceous Dove","Vinaceous Dove",null,null,"dry savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690484","vindov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vindov1","avibase-DDEF7228",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/283/mode/1up","Columba vinacea"],["2629","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia capicola","(Sundevall, 1857)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.f. 2, no.1, art.3 p.54","Ring-necked Dove","Ring-necked Dove","Ring-necked Dove",null,null,"widespread in open country and savanna from Gabon eastward (except rainforest) through central Sudan and Ethiopia to Eritrea, Djibouti, and Sudan, and southward to South Africa; introduced in Comoro Islands including Mayotte",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690488","rindov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rindov","avibase-AB937AEB",null,null,"Cape Colony, type from Rondebosch [Western Cape, South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/106/mode/1up","Columba vinacea var. capicola"],["2630","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia capicola electa","(Madarász, 1913)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E310E56D",null,null,"Maraquo, Abessinien [=Ethiopia]","Zwei neue Vögel aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/23/mode/1up","Turtur electus"],["2631","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia capicola somalica","(Erlanger, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia, Somalia, and northern Kenya southward to Uaso Nyiro River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF92D148",null,null,"Sarigo, cf, and Karo-Lola, 9, southern Somaliland.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zoogeographie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/141/mode/1up","Turtur damarensis somalicus"],["2632","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia capicola tropica","(Reichenow, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10, no.9 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to Angola, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44B69034",null,null,"East Africa, type from Songea, Tanganyika Territory.","Turtur capicola tropica Rchw. n. consp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/159/mode/1up","Turtur capicola tropica"],["2633","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia capicola onguati","Macdonald, 1957","Contribution to the ornithology of western South Africa: results of the British Museum (Natural History) South West Africa Expedition, 1949-50 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9B6DCAA",null,null,"Onguati (lat 19 48'S, long 14 39'E), Kaokoveld of South-West Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229304#page/89/mode/1up","Streptopelia capicola onguati"],["2634","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia capicola damarensis","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia, Botswana, and southwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11D0351C",null,null,"Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/572/mode/1up","Turtur damarensis"],["2635","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia capicola capicola","(Sundevall, 1857)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.f. 2, no.1, art.3 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ABD2365",null,null,"Cape Colony, type from Rondebosch [Western Cape, South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/106/mode/1up","Columba vinacea var. capicola"],["2636","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia semitorquata","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.66 pl.23 fig.2","Red-eyed Dove","Red-eyed Dove","Red-eyed Dove",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690499","reedov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reedov1","avibase-9888B3AE",null,null,"Taranta Mountains, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/146/mode/1up","Columba semitorquata"],["2637","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decipiens","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.544","Mourning Collared Dove","Mourning Collared-Dove","Mourning Collared-dove",null,null,"arid habitats near water in the Sahel from southern Mauritania through Sudan to Eritrea, southward in thornscrub and riparian woods through Ethiopia and western Somalia to East Africa, and from northwest Angola and northwestern Namibia to northeastern South Africa (Limpopo River basin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690477","afmdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afmdov1","avibase-70BD722B",null,null,"East Africa = Dongola, fixed by Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 647.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/566/mode/1up","Turtur decipiens"],["2638","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decipiens shelleyi","(Salvadori, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.419",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia to southern Niger and central Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B1C2559",null,null,"Upper Miite Nile and Niger, type from the Niger River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/443/mode/1up","Turtur shelleyi"],["2639","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decipiens logonensis","(Reichenow, 1921)","Journal für Ornithologie 69, no.2 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Chad basin to southern Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21C18777",null,null,"Bekaba, Logone River, eastern Cameroon.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43096#page/273/mode/1up","Turtur logonensis"],["2640","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decipiens decipiens","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan (Darfur) to Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-880E1B5B",null,null,"East Africa = Dongola, fixed by Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 647.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/566/mode/1up","Turtur decipiens"],["2641","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decipiens elegans","(Zedlitz, 1913)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to southern Somalia and eastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-250C5EA0",null,null,"Afgoi, Somaliland.","Neue afrikanische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/75/mode/1up","Turtur decipiens elegans"],["2642","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decipiens perspicillata","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2F91FE5",null,null,"Nguruman, Masailand.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/191/mode/1up","Turtur perspicillata"],["2643","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decipiens ambigua","(Bocage, 1881)","Ornithologie d'Angola pt2 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Malawi, and the Limpopo Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68008D3B",null,null,"Angola.",null,null,"Turtur ambiguus"],["2644","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia decaocto","(Frivaldszky, 1838)","A' Magyar Tudós Társaság Évkönyvei 3, pt3 p.183 pl.8","Eurasian Collared Dove","Eurasian Collared-Dove","Eurasian Collared-dove","2025-0400","Taxon <em>xanthocycla </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Streptopelia decaocto</em> based on clear differences in size, vocalizations, and bare parts color, with <em>S. xanthocycla</em> distinguished by the presence of a prominent yellow eye-ring, and genetic data from mitochondrial and genomic DNA (van Grouw et al. 2024).","naturally occurring or recently expanded range is Europe to Middle East, India, Sri Lanka, western China, and Korean Peninsula; introduced in Japan (central Hokkaido), eastern China (including Hong Kong), Taiwan, southern Canada, most of USA including southern Alaska, the West Indies, and northern Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727811","eucdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eucdov","avibase-0C1EFC9B",null,null,"Turkey.",null,"http://real-j.mtak.hu/482/1/MATUDTARSEVK_003.pdf#page=687","Columba decaocto"],["2645","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia xanthocycla","(Newman, 1906)","The Avicultural Magazine, being the journal of the Avicultural Society for the study of foreign and British Birds in freedom and captivity (2) 4 p.324","Burmese Collared Dove","Burmese Collared-Dove","Burmese Collared-dove","2025-0400","Taxon <em>xanthocycla </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Streptopelia decaocto</em> based on clear differences in size, vocalizations, and bare parts color, with <em>S. xanthocycla</em> distinguished by the presence of a prominent yellow eye-ring, and genetic data from mitochondrial and genomic DNA (van Grouw et al. 2024).","central Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727819","eurcod2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurcod2","avibase-4B62C0C3",null,null,"Minbu and Mangue districts of Upper Burma.","The Burmese collared Turtle Dove.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101758#page/430/mode/1up","Turtur decaocta xanthocyclus"],["2646","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia reichenowi","(Erlanger, 1901)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.182","White-winged Collared Dove","White-winged Collared-Dove","White-winged Collared-dove",null,null,"borassus palm regions of southeastern Ethiopia and southwestern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690529","wwcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wwcdov1","avibase-65FE8029",null,null,"Salakle, Juba River and Garre, Daua River.","Einige neue Arten aus Nordostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/200/mode/1up","Turtur reichenowi"],["2647","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia roseogrisea","(Sundevall, 1857)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.s., 2 no.1 art.3 p.54","African Collared Dove","African Collared-Dove","African Collared-dove",null,null,"arid habitats near water in the Sahel from Mauritania and Guinea-Bissau through southern Algeria and northern Cameroon to Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, with recent northward expansion along Red Sea coasts of Egypt and Saudi Arabia; widely introduced to New Zealand, Puerto Rico, New Providence (Bahamas), Mexico (Guerrero), Spain, and the Canary Islands as \"Ringed Turtle Dove,\" escapees often noted in the southern USA and southern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690515","afcdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afcdov1","avibase-273A4A2F",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/106/mode/1up","Columbam roseogriseam"],["2648","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia roseogrisea roseogrisea","(Sundevall, 1857)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.s., 2 no.1 art.3 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Sudan and western Ethiopia; introduced locally in western Europe, southeastern Australia, New Zealand, and North America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28A0B573",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/106/mode/1up","Columbam roseogriseam"],["2649","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Streptopelia roseogrisea arabica","(Neumann, 1904)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.31,83",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia eastward to Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFEB299F",null,null,"Lahej, southwestern Arabia.","Drei neue Formen aus Süd-Arabien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/47/mode/1up","Turtur roseogriseus arabicus"],["2650","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba oenas [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Vigors, 1824, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 14 (1825), p. 481).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/181/mode/1up","Columba"],["2651","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba delegorguei","Delegorgue, 1847","Voyage dans l'Afrique australe notamment dans le territoire de Natal dans celui des Cafres (etc.) 2 p.615","Eastern Bronze-naped Pigeon","Eastern Bronze-naped Pigeon","Eastern Bronze-naped Pigeon",null,null,"patchy in montane and coastal forest from southeastern South Sudan and central Kenya to central Tanzania, in eastern Zimbabwe and northern Mozambique, and in eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690359","delpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/delpig1","avibase-870E4DDA",null,null,"Durban, Natal.",null,"https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:46782685$1250i","Columba Delegorguei"],["2652","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba delegorguei sharpei","(Salvadori, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.329 pl.9 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (including Zanzibar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28F3333D",null,null,"Mt. Elgon, Kenya Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/353/mode/1up","Turturoena sharpei"],["2653","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba delegorguei delegorguei","Delegorgue, 1847","Voyage dans l'Afrique australe notamment dans le territoire de Natal dans celui des Cafres (etc.) 2 p.615",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi to eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-693AD7C3",null,null,"Durban, Natal.",null,"https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:46782685$1250i","Columba Delegorguei"],["2654","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba malherbii","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.514","Island Bronze-naped Pigeon","Sao Tome Pigeon","Sao Tome Bronze-naped Pigeon",null,null,"São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690351","satpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satpig1","avibase-E6393B15",null,null,"Gaboon, error = São Thomé","Description d'espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux du Gabon (côte occidentale d'Afrique).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/544/mode/1up","Columba Malherbii"],["2655","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba iriditorques","Cassin, 1857","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.5 p.254","Western Bronze-naped Pigeon","Western Bronze-naped Pigeon","Western Bronze-naped Pigeon",null,null,"Sierra Leone to northwestern Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690346","brnpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnpig1","avibase-3FC9BA60",null,null,"St. Paul's River, Liberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/274/mode/1up","Columra [sic] iriditorques"],["2656","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba janthina","Temminck, 1830","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.85, vol.4 pl.503","Black Wood Pigeon","Black Wood-Pigeon","Japanese Woodpigeon",null,null,"islets southwest and east of South Korean mainland, off Japan from Honshu southward, Izu Islands (southeast of Honshu), Ryukyu Islands (including Sakishima Islands, southwestern Japan), Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) Islands (far southeastern Japan), and scattered islets off Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690206","jawpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jawpig1","avibase-E2209F71",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/469/mode/1up","Columba janthina"],["2657","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba janthina janthina","Temminck, 1830","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.85, vol.4 pl.503",null,null,null,null,null,"small islands southwest and east of South Korea, islets off Honshu to Kyushu, Izu Islands, and Ryukyu Islands (except far southwestern group), and islets off Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2D7A603",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/469/mode/1up","Columba janthina"],["2658","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba janthina nitens","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C41FD7F",null,null,"Bonin Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/435/mode/1up","Janthoenas nitens"],["2659","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba janthina stejnegeri","(Kuroda, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakishima Islands (southwestern Ryukyu Islands, Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F8641DC",null,null,"Yonakuni Island, Riu Kiu Islands.","Description of new subspecies from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/513/mode/1up","Janthoenas janthina stejnegeri"],["2660","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba jouyi","(Stejneger, 1887)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 21 p.583","Ryukyu Wood Pigeon","Ryukyu Wood-Pigeon","Ryukyu Woodpigeon",null,null,"formerly Okinawa and Daito Islands (southern Japan); extinct, last reported 1936","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690222","ryupig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ryupig1","avibase-33D2620F",null,null,"Riu Kiu Islands.","Description of a New Species of Fruit-Pigeon","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129742#page/614/mode/1up","Janthoenas jouyi"],["2661","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba versicolor","Kittlitz, 1832","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 1 p.5 pl.5 fig.2","Bonin Wood Pigeon","Bonin Wood-Pigeon","Bonin Woodpigeon",null,null,"formerly Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands; extinct, last reported 1889","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690218","bonpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bonpig1","avibase-0EFF2CA3",null,null,"Bonin Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/13/mode/1up","Columba versicolor"],["2662","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.246 AtlasOis. pl.28","Metallic Pigeon","Metallic Pigeon","Metallic Pigeon",null,null,"islands off northern Borneo, Moluccas, Lesser Sundas, and Philippines to New Guinea, New Caledonia group, Solomon Archipelago, Vanuatu, Fiji, and western Samoa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690211","metpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/metpig1","avibase-CE7203C7",null,null,"Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/304/mode/1up","Columba vitiensis"],["2663","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis griseogularis","(Walden & Layard, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.104 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (including Sulu Archipelago) and islands off northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D7C60AD",null,null,"Guimaras, Philippine Islands.","On Birds recently observed or obtained in the Island of Negros, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/134/mode/1up","Ianthoenas griseogularis"],["2664","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis anthracina","(Hachisuka, 1939)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.152 [151-153]",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan and adjacent islands (Calauit, Comiran, and Lambucan), southwestern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5421CAA3",null,null,"Lumbucan Island, Palawan","New Races of a Rail and a Fruit Pigeon from Micronesia and Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/182/mode/1up","Janthoenas vitiensis anthracinus"],["2665","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis metallica","Temminck, 1835","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.95, vol.4 pl.562",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC06E3E0",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/459/mode/1up","Columba metallica"],["2666","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis halmaheira","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), Moluccas including Kai Islands, New Guinea region, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6D4215B",null,null,"Halmahera and Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/602/mode/1up","Janthaenas halmaheira"],["2667","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis leopoldi","(Tristram, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.10 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8D61935",null,null,"Island of Vate, New Hebrides.","Notes on Collections of Birds sent from New Caledonia, from Lifu (one of the Loyalty Islands), and from the New Hebrides by E. L. Layard, C.M.G. &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/233/mode/1up","Ianthoenas leopoldi"],["2668","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis hypoenochroa","(Gould, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Île des Pins and Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8C74287",null,null,"Isle of Pines.","[Descriptions of some Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray when attached as the naturalist of H.M. Surveying ship Rattlesnake during the Expedition commanded by Capt. Denham].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/174/mode/1up","Ianthoenas hypoenochroa"],["2669","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis godmanae","(Mathews, 1915)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 3, no.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1850s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1FEE37E",null,null,"Lord Howe Island! probably in error.","Raperia Godmana: A New Bird From Lord Howe Island, Now Extinct.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103880#page/33/mode/1up","Raperia godmanae"],["2670","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis vitiensis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.246 AtlasOis. pl.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47B3D640",null,null,"Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/304/mode/1up","Columba vitiensis"],["2671","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba vitiensis castaneiceps","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"western Samoa (Savai'i, Apolima, Manono, and Upolu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-783E08E0",null,null,"Upolu, Samoa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/207/mode/1up","Columba castaneiceps"],["2672","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba leucomela","Temminck, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.126","White-headed Pigeon","White-headed Pigeon","White-headed Pigeon",null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, Queensland, to eastern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690215","whhpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhpig1","avibase-8F3CF81A",null,null,"North coast of New Holland","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/142/mode/1up","Columba leucomela"],["2673","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba pallidiceps","(Ramsay, 1878)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.3 p.248","Yellow-legged Pigeon","Yellow-legged Pigeon","Yellow-legged Pigeon",null,null,"Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690226","yelpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelpig1","avibase-3C0E1CD4",null,null,"Duke of York Islands [Papua New Guinea]","Description of a new species of Ianthaenas, from the Duke of York Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/264/mode/1up","Ianthaenas pallidiceps"],["2674","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba pulchricollis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.168 p.866","Ashy Wood Pigeon","Ashy Wood-Pigeon","Ashy Woodpigeon",null,null,"India to western China, Tibet, Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690168","aswpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aswpig1","avibase-6E814856",null,null,"Wooded region of eastern Himalaya, i.e. Nepal.","Drafts for a Fauna Indica. (Comprising the Animals of the Himalaya Mountains, those of the Valley of the Indus, of the Provinces of Assam, Sylhet, Tipperah, Arracan, and of Ceylon, with Occasional Notices of Species from the Neighbouring Countries.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/426/mode/1up","Columba pulchricollis"],["2675","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba elphinstonii","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.149","Nilgiri Wood Pigeon","Nilgiri Wood-Pigeon","Nilgiri Woodpigeon",null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690173","niwpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/niwpig1","avibase-5813ADBE",null,null,"The Ghauts of Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/353/mode/1up","Ptilinopus Elphinstonii"],["2676","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba torringtoniae","(Kelaart, 1853)","Prodromus Faunæ Zeylanicæ; being contributions to the zoology of Ceylon Append.C, p.35","Sri Lanka Wood Pigeon","Sri Lanka Wood-Pigeon","Sri Lanka Woodpigeon",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690178","ceywop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceywop1","avibase-EEEDA1B2",null,null,"Newera-Ellia, Ceylon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215473#page/281/mode/1up","Palumbus Torringtonii"],["2677","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba punicea","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.461","Pale-capped Pigeon","Pale-capped Pigeon","Pale-capped Pigeon",null,null,"southern Tibet to eastern India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Hainan (off southern China)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690191","pacpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacpig1","avibase-D5C3E9C9",null,null,"Chyebassa.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/513/mode/1up","Columba (Alsocomus) puniceus"],["2678","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba argentina","Bonaparte, 1854","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.36","Silvery Pigeon","Silvery Wood-Pigeon","Silvery Pigeon",null,null,"islands off western Sumatra (Simeulue, Babi, Banyak, and Siberut); formerly also the Mentawai, Riau, and Lingga archipelagos surrounding Sumatra and the Anambas, Natunas, and Karimata islands west of Borneo",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690195","siwpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siwpig1","avibase-036DC7FC",null,null,"Malaysia, Borneo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/594/mode/1up","Columba argentina?"],["2679","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba palumboides","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.302","Andaman Wood Pigeon","Andaman Wood-Pigeon","Andaman Woodpigeon",null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690201","anwpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anwpig1","avibase-95059E5A",null,null,"Port Mouat, Andaman Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/324/mode/1up","Carpophaga palumboides"],["2680","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba junoniae","Hartert, 1916","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.1 p.86","Laurel Pigeon","Laurel Pigeon","White-tailed Laurel-pigeon",null,null,"western Canary Islands (La Palma, La Gomera, and Tenerife)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690122","laupig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laupig1","avibase-396E6311",null,null,"La Galga, Palma, Canary Islands.","Notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/102/mode/1up","Columba junoniae"],["2681","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba hodgsonii","Vigors, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.16","Speckled Wood Pigeon","Speckled Wood-Pigeon","Speckled Woodpigeon",null,null,"montane forest of Kashmir to India, west-central China, and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690159","spwpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwpig1","avibase-3503F769",null,null,"Nepal.","[About an undescribed Pigeon contained in Mr. Hodgson's collection].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/220/mode/1up","Columba Hodgsonii"],["2682","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba albinucha","Sassi, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.68","White-naped Pigeon","White-naped Pigeon","White-naped Pigeon",null,null,"western Cameroon; eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and western Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690164","whnpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnpig1","avibase-A1B9BB88",null,null,"Moera, near Fort Beni, Lake Albert Edward.","Columba albinucha nov. spec..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/84/mode/1up","Columba arquatrix albinucha"],["2683","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba arquatrix","Temminck, 1808","Les Pigeons p.11, pl.5","African Olive Pigeon","Rameron Pigeon","African Olive-pigeon",null,null,"Ethiopia to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and South Africa; western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690145","rampig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rampig1","avibase-EEDB8253",null,null,"South Africa = Antenoquoi Country, i.e. Knysna, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/91/mode/1up","Colomba Arquatrix"],["2684","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba pollenii","Schlegel, 1865","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.87","Comoro Olive Pigeon","Comoro Pigeon","Comoro Olive-pigeon",null,null,"mainly high elevation evergreen forest of Comoros",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690152","compig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compig1","avibase-05BBFC8E",null,null,"Mayotte, Comoro Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/101/mode/1up","Columba pollenii"],["2685","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba thomensis","Bocage, 1888","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 12 p.230,232","Sao Tome Olive Pigeon","Maroon Pigeon","Sao Tome Olive-pigeon",null,null,"forest of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690138","marpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marpig1","avibase-8288E54D",null,null,"São Thome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54858#page/264/mode/1up","Columba arquatrix var. thomensis"],["2686","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba palumbus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163","Common Wood Pigeon","Common Wood-Pigeon","Common Woodpigeon",null,null,"lowland to montane deciduous or coniferous woodland, especially ecotones with open country, and parks and gardens, from Europe eastward to western Siberia, and southward to northwestern Africa, the Azores, Madeira, the Middle East, northern Oman, and Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and Kashmir (India); northern populations from Scandinavia eastward, and southward to western Iran and the Palmir Mountains are migratory, reaching northern Africa, the Mediterranean, and Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690103","cowpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cowpig1","avibase-760F307A",null,null,"Europe and Asia; restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba Palumbus"],["2687","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba palumbus palumbus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa; Europe eastward to western Siberia and southward to Iraq; mostly resident in Africa and western Europe, but northern and eastern populations migratory",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7740CB8D",null,null,"Europe and Asia; restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba Palumbus"],["2688","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba palumbus maderensis","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1904","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly mountains of Madeira; probably extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE136866",null,null,"Boaventura, Madeira.","Über palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/259/mode/1up","Columba palumbus maderensis"],["2689","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba palumbus azorica","Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Azores",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C2C36B0",null,null,"Reguinho, 1200 feet, Terceira, Azores","On the birds of the Azores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/107/mode/1up","Columba palumbus azorica"],["2690","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba palumbus iranica","(Zarudny, 1910)","Nasha Okhota 4 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Transcaspia to Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DC729AB",null,null,"Kopet-Dagh in Transcaspia and Zagross in southwestern Persia.",null,null,"Palumbus palumbus iranicus"],["2691","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba palumbus casiotis","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1103",null,null,null,null,null,"Kazakhstan to northern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, northwestern India, and Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D81DE5A",null,null,"Chinese Tartary.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1113/mode/1up","Palumbus casiotis"],["2692","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba sjostedti","Reichenow, 1901","Die Vögel Afrikas 1 pt2 p.404","Cameroon Olive Pigeon","Cameroon Pigeon","Cameroon Olive-pigeon",null,null,"highland forest of eastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690131","campig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/campig1","avibase-757ABA94",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain.","[Über die afrikanische Tauben].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49606#page/522/mode/1up","Columba sjôstedti"],["2693","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba trocaz","Heineken, 1829","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 1 p.230","Trocaz Pigeon","Trocaz Pigeon","Madeira Laurel-pigeon",null,null,"laurel forest of Madeira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690112","tropig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tropig1","avibase-BAAC66AF",null,null,"Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20070#page/250/mode/1up","Columba Trocaz"],["2694","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba bollii","Godman, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.7 p.217","Bolle's Pigeon","Bolle's Pigeon","Dark-tailed Laurel-pigeon",null,null,"western Canary Islands (La Palma, Gomera, El Hierro, and Tenerife)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690117","bolpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bolpig1","avibase-1ED914E6",null,null,"Tenerife.","Notes on the Resident and Migratory Birds of Madeira and the Canaries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/251/mode/1up","Columba bollii"],["2695","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba unicincta","Cassin, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.143","Afep Pigeon","Afep Pigeon","Afep Pigeon",null,null,"equatorial forest of western and central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690127","afepig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afepig1","avibase-1A145C89",null,null,"Ogobai [i.e. Ogowe] River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/161/mode/1up","Columba unicincta"],["2696","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba guinea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163","Speckled Pigeon","Speckled Pigeon","Speckled Pigeon",null,null,"Senegal to Somalia, Uganda, western Kenya, and Tanzania, to northern Malawi and southwest Angola, and western Zimbabwe to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690080","spepig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spepig1","avibase-A6EA9F02",null,null,"Africa = inland parts of Guinea, ex Edwards, pl. 75.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba guinea"],["2697","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba guinea guinea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAEF9414",null,null,"Africa = inland parts of Guinea, ex Edwards, pl. 75.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/182/mode/1up","Columba guinea"],["2698","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba guinea phaeonota","Gray, 1856","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.4 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to Zimbabwe and Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E58DFF53",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, based on Columba trigonera Bonaparte, not Wagler.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62927#page/40/mode/1up","Columba phaeonotus"],["2699","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba albitorques","Rüppell, 1837","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.63 pl.22 fig.1","White-collared Pigeon","White-collared Pigeon","White-collared Pigeon",null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690084","whcpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpig1","avibase-DD7C4C78",null,null,"Taranta Mts. and in the Province of Simen, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/143/mode/1up","Columba albitorques"],["2700","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba leuconota","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23","Snow Pigeon","Snow Pigeon","Snow Pigeon",null,null,"montane and alpine open rocky habitats with steep gorges from Pamir and Alai Mountains (Kazakhstan and Tajikistan) eastward across the Himalayas to Yunnan (China), Bhutan, and far northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690077","snopig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snopig1","avibase-F5750571",null,null,"Himalayas, type probably from Nepal.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Columba leuconota"],["2701","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba leuconota leuconota","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from western Afghanistan to Sikkim",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31FBC2BF",null,null,"Himalayas, type probably from Nepal.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Columba leuconota"],["2702","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba leuconota gradaria","Hartert, 1916","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Tibet to southwestern China (Yunnan) and far northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADFFADDD",null,null,"Sungpan, Szechuan.","Notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/101/mode/1up","Columba leuconota gradaria"],["2703","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba rupestris","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.560","Hill Pigeon","Hill Pigeon","Hill Pigeon",null,null,"montane and alpine open rocky habitats with cliffs and gorges, and locally around highland towns, in central Asia from the Russian Altai Mountains eastward to Mongolia, northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula, and southward to Turkestan, northern Afghanistan, northwestern India, and the Tibetan Plateau (China); downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690074","hilpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hilpig1","avibase-BF20B94D",null,null,"Dauria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/592/mode/1up","Columba Oenas rupestris"],["2704","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba rupestris turkestanica","Buturlin, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Semiretschensk, Zaissen, and Russian Altai southward through central Asia to Baltistan (Gilgit, Yasin, Hunza, and Karakoram), and eastward to western Tibet and northern Himalayan slopes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F23DA74",null,null,"Altai, type from Katon Karagai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/61/mode/1up","Columba rupestris turkestanica"],["2705","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba rupestris rupestris","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.560",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mongolia to eastern Tibet, southern China, and Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-769BAC18",null,null,"Dauria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/592/mode/1up","Columba Oenas rupestris"],["2706","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.769","Rock Dove","Rock Pigeon","Rock Dove",null,null,"native populations existed from lowland to montane open rocky habitats, from sea-cliffs to open steppe, desert canyons, and rocky crags, from the Faroe and Shetland islands and Scandinavia eastward to Mongolia, and southward to Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde, Ghana, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, India, and eastern Himalayas; native limits unclear due to presence of feral pigeons. Wild native populations now absent from Faroes, Shetland, Norway, and Europe except southwestern Portugal and coastal Sardinia (France). Feral populations introduced globally, especially in cities and towns, on all continents and many oceanic islands, except high Arctic, most subantarctic islands, and Antarctica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690066","rocpig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpig","avibase-BBA263C2",null,null,"No type locality = southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/270/mode/1up","Columba domestica livia"],["2707","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia livia","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.769",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles, western Mediterranean, and northern Africa eastwards to southern Urals, western Kazakhstan, northern Caucasus, and Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13873749",null,null,"No type locality = southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/270/mode/1up","Columba domestica livia"],["2708","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia gymnocycla","Gray, 1856","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.4 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania, Mali, and Ghana; coastal Senegambia and Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4E7A3D2",null,null,"West Africa = Senegal, based on Hartlaub, Journ. f . Orn., 2, 1854, p. 205.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62927#page/36/mode/1up","Columba gymnocyclus"],["2709","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia targia","Geyr von Schweppenburg, 1916","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sahara to central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA6289AB",null,null,"Ain Tahart, Tuareg Mountains.","Neue Formen aus dem nördlichen Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/72/mode/1up","Columba livia targia"],["2710","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia dakhlae","Meinertzhagen, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"western Egypt (Dakhla and Kharga oases)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F7109C8",null,null,"Dakhla Oasis, Libyan Desert.","Description of two new birds from the Lybian Desert.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/156/mode/1up","Columba livia dakhlae"],["2711","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia schimperi","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1107",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Egypt, southern Sudan, and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E99070CE",null,null,"Abyssinia, error, the tj'pes are from Egypt.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons (troisième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1117/mode/1up","Columba schimperi"],["2712","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia palaestinae","Zedlitz, 1912","Journal für Ornithologie 60, no.2 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"Palestine, Israel, Jordan, and the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BAB166B",null,null,"Wadi Fara [Jordan Valley, near Jericho], Palestine.","Von Suez zum Sankt Katharinen-Kloster. (Ein ornithologisher Streifzug).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43502#page/365/mode/1up","Columba livia palaestinae"],["2713","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia gaddi","Zarudny & Loudon, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Iran to Azerbaijan, Transcaspia, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19256AEA",null,null,"Hill region of Jebel-Tyne and in the mountains east of Ahwaz and Nasiri, lower Karun River, southwestern Persia.","Zum Material über die Asiatischen Pterocles und Columba.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/147/mode/1up","Columba livia gaddi"],["2714","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia neglecta","Hume, 1873","Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-946FBEC9",null,null,"Ladak [=Ladakh, India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181337#page/394/mode/1up","Columba neglecta"],["2715","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba livia intermedia","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.81 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D9C3AB5",null,null,"India = Calcutta.","VI. Notes on Mr. Blyth's List of Birds from the vicinity of Calcutta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/55/mode/1up","Columba intermedia"],["2716","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba oenas","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.162","Stock Dove","Stock Dove","Stock Dove",null,null,"lowland and foothill open woodland, borders between forest and open country, and pine and cedar forest, from British Isles southward to Spain and northwestern Africa, and eastward through Europe and the Caucasus to southwestern Siberia, and in eastern Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Tian Shan and Tarim basin (China); northern populations from southern Scandinavia and Germany eastward are migratory, southward to Iberia, northern Iran, and western China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690088","stodov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stodov1","avibase-68E4C0D1",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/181/mode/1up","Columba Oenas"],["2717","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba oenas oenas","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"western Europe and northwestern Africa to Caspian Sea and Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1DE2945",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/181/mode/1up","Columba Oenas"],["2718","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba oenas yarkandensis","Buturlin, 1908","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 13 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to Tian Shan and eastern Xinjiang",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CDE4E4B",null,null,"Yarkand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37010#page/531/mode/1up","Columba oenas yarkandensis"],["2719","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba eversmanni","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.838","Yellow-eyed Pigeon","Yellow-eyed Pigeon","Yellow-eyed Pigeon",null,null,"northeastern Iran to Siberia, northwestern India, and far western China",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690097","pabpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabpig1","avibase-38AA824B",null,null,"Western and central Asia.","Additions et Corrections au Coup d'Oeil sur l'Ordre des Pigeons, et à la partie correspondante du Conspectus Avium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/850/mode/1up","Columba eversmanni"],["2720","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Columba oliviae","Clarke, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.61","Somali Pigeon","Somali Pigeon","Somali Pigeon",null,null,"arid coastal hills of northern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690092","sompig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sompig1","avibase-37B66CCF",null,null,"Dubbar, 700 feet, 8 miles south of Berbera, British Somaliland.","Exhibition and description of a new Pigeon from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/87/mode/1up","Columba oliviae"],["2721","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps","Gould, 1843","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.13) pl.62, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba chrysochlora [Wagler, 1827]; type by monotypy = Columba indica Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/257/mode/1up","Chalcophaps"],["2722","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps stephani","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.119, pl.28 fig.2","Stephan's Emerald Dove","Stephan's Dove","Stephan's Dove",null,null,"Sulawesi to New Guinea and satellite islands, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690657","stedov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stedov1","avibase-7330DBCF",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/123/mode/1up","Chalcophaps stephani"],["2723","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps stephani wallacei","Brüggemann, 1877","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Sula Islands (Taliabu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58FE8266",null,null,"Celebes, based on Chalcophaps stephani Wallace, not of Pucheran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/472/mode/1up","Chalcophaps Wallacei"],["2724","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps stephani stephani","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.119, pl.28 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands, lowland New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), the D’Entrecasteaux Islands (off southeastern New Guinea), and Bismarck Archipelago including Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21F714F0",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/123/mode/1up","Chalcophaps stephani"],["2725","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps stephani mortoni","Ramsay, 1882","Nature 25 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Nissan (northeast of Bismarck Archipelago), Bougainville, and Buka to Makira including Santa Ana (Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-069AF3A6",null,null,"Ugi, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90440#page/304/mode/1up","Chalcophaps Mortoni"],["2726","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps longirostris","Gould, 1848","An introduction to the birds of Australia p.79","Pacific Emerald Dove","Pacific Emerald Dove","Brown-capped Emerald Dove",null,null,"southeastern Lesser Sundas, northern and central Australia, eastern New Guinea and southeastern satellite islands, to Vanuatu and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725548","emedov3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emedov3","avibase-826A9742",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237183#page/95/mode/1up","Chalcophaps longirostris"],["2727","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps longirostris timorensis","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.948",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor to Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas), Banda, Kai, and Tanimbar islands and intervening islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAFBDD3B",null,null,"Timor.","Suite et fin des Additions et Corrections au Coup d'Oeil sur l'Ordre des PIGEONS, et à la partie correspondante du Conspectus Avium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/960/mode/1up","Chalcophaps timorensis"],["2728","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps longirostris longirostris","Gould, 1848","An introduction to the birds of Australia p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-964ED9A2",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237183#page/95/mode/1up","Chalcophaps longirostris"],["2729","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps longirostris rogersi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula southward to eastern Victoria), Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia), and New Guinea including satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C4C6E69",null,null,"Cairns, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/211/mode/1up","Chalcophaps chrysochlora rogersi"],["2730","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps longirostris sandwichensis","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.3 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands), Vanuatu including Banks Islands, and Grande Terre and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60906FBD",null,null,"Vela Harbor, Sandwich Island, New Hebrides. [=Faté, Vanuatu]","Description of three supposed new species of Birds from the New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/304/mode/1up","Chalcophaps chrysochlora, Sandwichensis Var."],["2731","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps indica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164","Common Emerald Dove","Asian Emerald Dove","Grey-capped Emerald Dove",null,null,"lowland to submontane rainforest, gallery forest, bamboo, and teak forest, mangroves, and plantations, from northwestern and southern India, Sri Lanka, and Andaman and Nicobar islands eastward to southern Japan (southern Ryukyu Islands), southeastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, Philippines, and southward through the Indonesian Archipelago to western Papuan islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725538","emedov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emedov2","avibase-05E5E8F6",null,null,"East Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba indica"],["2732","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps indica indica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"India to southern Japan (southern Ryukyu Islands) and southeastern China, southward to Philippines, Indonesia, and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95C50744",null,null,"East Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba indica"],["2733","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps indica robinsoni","Stuart Baker, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32F4C4C5",null,null,"Cocawatte Estate, Ceylon.","Description of a new subspecies of Bronze-winged Pigeon from Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/96/mode/1up","Chalcophaps indica robinsoni"],["2734","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps indica maxima","Hartert, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C73180A9",null,null,"Golapabung, South Andamans.","Zwei unbenannte Tauben.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0144-0145.pdf#page=2","Chalcophaps indica maxima"],["2735","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps indica augusta","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40FAC361",null,null,"Ins. Nicobaricis ? [=Nicobar Islands, Following Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 3: 161.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/650/mode/1up","Chalcophaps augusta"],["2736","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps indica natalis","Lister, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.4, no.35 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFE87B9C",null,null,"Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.","On the Natural History of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/608/mode/1up","Chalcophaps natalis"],["2737","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Chalcophaps indica minima","Hartert, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor, Biak, and Mios Num (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED9E5E1",null,null,"Island of Numfor, Geelvink Bay.","Zwei unbenannte Tauben.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0144-0145.pdf#page=2","Chalcophaps indica minima"],["2738","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Oena","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oena capensis [Selby]; type by monotypy = Columba capensis Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/373/mode/1up","Oena"],["2739","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Oena capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.286","Namaqua Dove","Namaqua Dove","Namaqua Dove",null,null,"southern Mauritania eastward to Eritrea, and southward to South Africa; also southern Israel and adjacent Jordan, the Arabian Peninsula (occasionally on Socotra), and northern, western, and southern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690645","namdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/namdov1","avibase-DDC2CC92",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/290/mode/1up","Columba capensis"],["2740","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Oena capensis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa, Socotra, and Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BC61408",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/290/mode/1up","Columba capensis"],["2741","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Oena capensis aliena","Bangs, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 61, no.14 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E5F0D6C",null,null,"Tulear, Madagascar.","Vertebrata from Madagascar. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25424#page/643/mode/1up","Oena capensis aliena"],["2742","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Columba afra [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/32/mode/1up","Turtur"],["2743","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur tympanistria","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.80, pl.36","Tambourine Dove","Tambourine Dove","Tambourine Dove",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa, Bioko, and Comoros",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690635","tamdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tamdov1","avibase-7308278F",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/222/mode/1up","Columba Tympanistria"],["2744","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur brehmeri","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.74 p.97","Blue-headed Wood Dove","Blue-headed Wood-Dove","Blue-headed Wood-dove",null,null,"Upper Guinea and Congolian rainforest from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through Central African Republic to Rift Valley of Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to far northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690639","bhwdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhwdov1","avibase-0CA6EE59",null,null,"Gaboon.","Ueber eine neue Tauben- und neue Hyphantornis-Art vom Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/109/mode/1up","Chalcopelia Brehmeri"],["2745","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur brehmeri infelix","Peters, 1937","Check-list of birds of the world 3 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Guinea and Sierra Leone to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B082E71",null,null,"Dabocrom, Gold Coast [=Ghana]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50577#page/131/mode/1up","Turtur brehmeri infelix"],["2746","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur brehmeri brehmeri","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.74 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to northern Congo, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA4FDD6F",null,null,"Gaboon.","Ueber eine neue Tauben- und neue Hyphantornis-Art vom Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/109/mode/1up","Chalcopelia Brehmeri"],["2747","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur afer","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.284","Blue-spotted Wood Dove","Blue-spotted Wood-Dove","Blue-spotted Wood-dove",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa, Zanzibar, and Pemba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690628","bswdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bswdov1","avibase-23D5FC36",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/288/mode/1up","Columba afra"],["2748","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur chalcospilos","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.258","Emerald-spotted Wood Dove","Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove","Emerald-spotted Wood-dove",null,null,"woodland and thornscrub of east and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690621","eswdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eswdov1","avibase-BDF442F2",null,null,"South Africa = eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/300/mode/1up","Columba Chalcospilos"],["2749","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Turtur abyssinicus","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.83","Black-billed Wood Dove","Black-billed Wood-Dove","Black-billed Wood-dove",null,null,"arid scrub and woodland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690614","bbwdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbwdov1","avibase-72B71F11",null,null,"Kokai, Bogosland.","[Remarks on the genus Chacopelia, with descriptions of two unnamed species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/345/mode/1up","Chalcopelia abyssinica"],["2750","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.49",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Columba curvirostra [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f55.item","Treron"],["2751","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron capellei","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.24, vol.4 pl.143","Large Green Pigeon","Large Green-Pigeon","Large Green-pigeon",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula to northern Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and adjacent islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691198","lagpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lagpig1","avibase-28F77A79",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/409/mode/1up","Columba capellei"],["2752","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron capellei magnirostris","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.14, no.89 p.116,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula to northern Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15017ED7",null,null,"Malacca","XVI. Further Observations on the Ornithology of the neighbourhood of Calcutta. With Notes by H. E. Strickland, M.A. [Concluded from p. 48.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19582#page/132/mode/1up","Treron magnirostris"],["2753","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron capellei capellei","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.24, vol.4 pl.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BEABAB0",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/409/mode/1up","Columba capellei"],["2754","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phayrei","(Blyth, 1862)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 31, no.3 p.344","Ashy-headed Green Pigeon","Ashy-headed Green-Pigeon","Ashy-headed Green-pigeon",null,null,"lowland deciduous forest from the southern foothills of the Himalayas from Uttarakhand and southern Nepal eastward through eastern Assam, and southward through Myanmar and southernmost China (Yunnan) to the northern edge of the Malayan Peninsula, and eastward to southern Vietnam",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726285","pomgrp5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomgrp5","avibase-4116FF6B",null,null,"Tounghoo, Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, February, 1862.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114386#page/418/mode/1up","Osmotreron Phayrei"],["2755","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phayrei conoveri","Rand & Fleming, 1953","Fieldiana Zoology 34 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE9D1E73",null,null,"Butwal, Nepal","A new fruit pigeon from Nepal","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21211#page/7/mode/1up","Treron pompadora conoveri"],["2756","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phayrei phayrei","(Blyth, 1862)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 31, no.3 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Myanmar, southwestern China (southern Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CD310AB",null,null,"Tounghoo, Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, February, 1862.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114386#page/418/mode/1up","Osmotreron Phayrei"],["2757","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron pompadora","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.775","Sri Lanka Green Pigeon","Sri Lanka Green-Pigeon","Sri Lanka Green-pigeon",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725560","pogpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pogpig1","avibase-539F8993",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/276/mode/1up","Columba Pompadora"],["2758","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron affinis","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12, no.28 p.13","Grey-fronted Green Pigeon","Gray-fronted Green-Pigeon","Grey-fronted Green-pigeon",null,null,"western India (Western Ghats)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725554","pomgrp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomgrp2","avibase-B30C3132",null,null,"West coast of the Indian Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176575#page/27/mode/1up","Vinago affinis"],["2759","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron chloropterus","Blyth, 1846","India Sporting Review 2 p.28","Andaman Green Pigeon","Andaman Green-Pigeon","Andaman Green-pigeon",null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726279","pomgrp4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomgrp4","avibase-34FED63C",null,null,"Nicobars.","Drafts for a Fauna Indica. (Comprising the Animals of the Himalaya Mountains, those of the Valley of the Indus, of the Provinces of Assam, Sylhet, Tipperah, Arracan, and of Ceylon, with Occasional Notices of Species from the Neighbouring Countries.).",null,"Treron chloroptera"],["2760","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron axillaris","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.13","Philippine Green Pigeon","Philippine Green-Pigeon","Philippine Green-pigeon",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726291","pomgrp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomgrp1","avibase-455CE570",null,null,"Locality unknown = Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/571/mode/1up","Osmotreron axillaris"],["2761","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron axillaris amadoni","Parkes, 1965","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 85 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3700544C",null,null,"Barrio Disulap, San Mariano, Isabela Province, northern Luzon Island, Philippines","The races of the Pompadour Green Pigeon, Treron pompadora, in the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126842#page/187/mode/1up","Treron pompadora amadoni"],["2762","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron axillaris axillaris","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Luzon, Polillo, Alabat, Catanduanes, Lubang, and Mindoro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF44C60D",null,null,"Locality unknown = Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/571/mode/1up","Osmotreron axillaris"],["2763","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron axillaris canescens","Parkes, 1965","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 85 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Philippines (Mandate to Cebu, Basilan, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BCEC2FA",null,null,"Santa Catalina, Inunbongan, Negros Island, Philippines","The races of the Pompadour Green Pigeon, Treron pompadora, in the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126842#page/187/mode/1up","Treron pompadora canescens"],["2764","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron axillaris everetti","(Rothschild, 1894)","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Sibutu, and Tawitawi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB0C2DA5",null,null,"Bongao and Sibutu, Sulu Islands, type from Bongao.","On Turturoena sharpei Salvad. and Osmotreron everetti sp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/58/mode/1up","Osmotreron everetti"],["2765","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron aromaticus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.778","Buru Green Pigeon","Buru Green-Pigeon","Buru Green-pigeon",null,null,"forest and village trees in lowlands of Buru (southwestern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726297","pomgrp3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomgrp3","avibase-BA506943",null,null,"Amboina = Burn.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/279/mode/1up","Columba aromatica"],["2766","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.777","Thick-billed Green Pigeon","Thick-billed Green-Pigeon","Thick-billed Green-pigeon",null,null,"Nepal, northeastern India (eastward to Arunachal Pradesh, southward to Mizoram and Odisha and Bangladesh, eastward to southern China (western Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, and Hainan) and southward through Indochina and Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and surrounding islands, Deli Island (south of western Java), Borneo, and western Philippines (Mindoro, Palawan, and Balabac)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691160","thbpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbpig1","avibase-3F61AB07",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides, error, restricted to the Malay Peninsula by Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, 1912, no. 7, p. 3, note; further restricted by him to Malacca,' Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14, 1924, p. 297, note; according to Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc, Nat. Hist, suppl., 7, 1928, p. 155, the type locality is Rawang, Selangor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/278/mode/1up","Columba curvirostra"],["2767","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Nepal eastward through Yunnan and northern Vietnam, southward through northern Eastern Ghats of northeastern Peninsular India, southern Thailand, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1B96F0A",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/214/mode/1up","Toria Nipalensis"],["2768","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra hainanus","Hartert & Goodson, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan, central Guangdong, and Hong Kong",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7695824",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","Notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/388/mode/1up","Treron curvirostra hainana"],["2769","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra curvirostra","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.777",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Riau and Lingga archipelagoes, Borneo, Palawan, and Mindoro (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98CC337B",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides, error, restricted to the Malay Peninsula by Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, 1912, no. 7, p. 3, note; further restricted by him to Malacca,' Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14, 1924, p. 297, note; according to Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc, Nat. Hist, suppl., 7, 1928, p. 155, the type locality is Rawang, Selangor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/278/mode/1up","Columba curvirostra"],["2770","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra haliplous","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84EAFAA3",null,null,"Sibabo Bay, Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/122/mode/1up","Treron curvirostra haliploa"],["2771","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra pegus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC851312",null,null,"Siaba Bay, Nias Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/122/mode/1up","Treron curvirostra pega"],["2772","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra smicrus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu and Mentawai Islands (off west-central Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83DDDEDA",null,null,"Tana Bala Island, Batu Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/120/mode/1up","Treron curvirostra smicra"],["2773","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron curvirostra hypothapsinus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F2A71F5",null,null,"Engano Island. [Enggano Island, W. Sumatra]","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/120/mode/1up","Treron curvirostra hypothapsina"],["2774","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron griseicauda","Bonaparte, 1857","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.10","Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon","Gray-cheeked Green-Pigeon","Grey-cheeked Green-pigeon",null,null,"Java and Sulawesi regions",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691165","gycpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycpig1","avibase-72CCDB5A",null,null,"Sula Islands and Celebes; the types in the British Museum are from Macassar.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/568/mode/1up","Treron griseicauda"],["2775","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron griseicauda sangirensis","Brüggemann, 1876","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud and Sangihe islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-086519FD",null,null,"Sanghir Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/87/mode/1up","Treron sangirensis"],["2776","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron griseicauda wallacei","(Salvadori, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.42 pl.2 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, and Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACA51539",null,null,"Makassar, Celebes",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/66/mode/1up","Osmotreron wallacei"],["2777","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron griseicauda vordermani","Finsch, 1901","Notes from the Leyden Museum 22 no.3 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDE078AA",null,null,"Kangean Islands.","Ueber eine neue Treron-Art von den Kangean-Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37358#page/180/mode/1up","Treron Vordermani"],["2778","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron griseicauda pallidior","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea, Kalao, and Kalaotoa (off southwestern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D0FC449",null,null,"Djampea and Kalao, the type is from Djampea.","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/198/mode/1up","Osmotreron wallacei pallidior"],["2779","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron griseicauda griseicauda","Bonaparte, 1857","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A34983F5",null,null,"Sula Islands and Celebes; the types in the British Museum are from Macassar.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/568/mode/1up","Treron griseicauda"],["2780","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron teysmannii","Schlegel, 1879","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.103","Sumba Green Pigeon","Sumba Green-Pigeon","Sumba Green-pigeon",null,null,"lowlands of Sumba (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691178","sugpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sugpig2","avibase-6676140F",null,null,"Sumba Island.","On a new species of Treron from the Island of Sumba (Sandelwood).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/115/mode/1up","Treron Teysmannii"],["2781","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron floris","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.496","Flores Green Pigeon","Flores Green-Pigeon","Flores Green-pigeon",null,null,"lowlands of Lombok and Flores and adjacent western Lesser Sundas",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691170","flgpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flgpig1","avibase-F9BAD31C",null,null,"Flores and Solor; the type is from Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/596/mode/1up","Treron floris"],["2782","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron psittaceus","(Temminck, 1808)","Les Pigeons livr.1 p.28, pl.4","Timor Green Pigeon","Timor Green-Pigeon","Timor Green-pigeon",null,null,"Rote, Semau, and Timor (Lesser Sundas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691186","timgrp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timgrp1","avibase-6EB63FA4",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/40/mode/1up","Columba Psittacea"],["2783","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron oxyurus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.4 pl.240","Sumatran Green Pigeon","Sumatran Green-Pigeon","Sumatran Green-pigeon",null,null,"montane forest of Sumatra and western Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691257","gnspig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnspig1","avibase-30CA850D",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/417/mode/1up","Columba oxyura"],["2784","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron seimundi","(Robinson, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.98","Yellow-vented Green Pigeon","Yellow-vented Green-Pigeon","Yellow-vented Green-pigeon",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest and mangrove woodland, from south-central China (Yunnan), northern Laos, and northern Vietnam, and southward to the Malayan Peninsula (Malaysia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691269","yevpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yevpig1","avibase-B3C1CC2E",null,null,"Semangko Pass, 2700 feet, Selangor-Pahang border, Malay Peninsula.","Description of two new species of birds from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/370/mode/1up","Sphenocercus seimundi"],["2785","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron seimundi modestus","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Laos and Vietnam (Annam and Cochinchina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-225254A1",null,null,"Hue, Annam.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/44/mode/1up","Sphenurus siemundi modestus"],["2786","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron seimundi seimundi","(Robinson, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Thailand and mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E459C37",null,null,"Semangko Pass, 2700 feet, Selangor-Pahang border, Malay Peninsula.","Description of two new species of birds from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/370/mode/1up","Sphenocercus seimundi"],["2787","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron apicauda","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.168 p.854","Pin-tailed Green Pigeon","Pin-tailed Green-Pigeon","Pin-tailed Green-pigeon",null,null,"foothill forest and second growth from Himalayan foothills of northwestern India eastward to south-central China, and southward to southern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Vietnam; some winter downslope movement to plains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691252","pitpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitpig1","avibase-CB6653B4",null,null,"Southeastern Himalayas and hill ranges of Assam common at Darjeeling.","Drafts for a Fauna Indica. (Comprising the Animals of the Himalaya Mountains, those of the Valley of the Indus, of the Provinces of Assam, Sylhet, Tipperah, Arracan, and of Ceylon, with Occasional Notices of Species from the Neighbouring Countries.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/414/mode/1up","Treron apicauda"],["2788","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron apicauda apicauda","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.168 p.854",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of northeastern India to southwestern China and southern Myanmar (Tenasserim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DDD5862",null,null,"Southeastern Himalayas and hill ranges of Assam common at Darjeeling.","Drafts for a Fauna Indica. (Comprising the Animals of the Himalaya Mountains, those of the Valley of the Indus, of the Provinces of Assam, Sylhet, Tipperah, Arracan, and of Ceylon, with Occasional Notices of Species from the Neighbouring Countries.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/414/mode/1up","Treron apicauda"],["2789","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron apicauda laotianus","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AF8D932",null,null,"Xieng-Khouang, Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/44/mode/1up","Sphenurus apicauda laotinus"],["2790","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron apicauda lowei","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Thailand, central Laos, and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22CBE93C",null,null,"Laobao, Quangtri, Annam.","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/59/mode/1up","Sphenocercus apicaudus lowei"],["2791","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sphenurus","(Vigors, 1832)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.15 text to pl.57","Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon","Wedge-tailed Green-Pigeon","Wedge-tailed Green-pigeon",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, second growth, and rhododendron woodland, from Kashmir (India) eastward to south-central China, and southward to southern Vietnam and Sumatra, and eastward to Java, Bali, and Lombok (Indonesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691274","wetpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wetpig1","avibase-CCE99BC4",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/243/mode/1up","Vinago sphenura"],["2792","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sphenurus sphenurus","(Vigors, 1832)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.15 text to pl.57",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Kashmir to southwestern China, Myanmar, northern Thailand, and Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F146AFA7",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/243/mode/1up","Vinago sphenura"],["2793","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sphenurus delacouri","Biswas, 1950","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 70 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D312F921",null,null,"Kontoum and Hue, Annam [Vietnam]","The generic limits of Treron Vieillot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125665#page/54/mode/1up","Treron sphenurus delacouri"],["2794","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sphenurus robinsoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB0833AE",null,null,"Mount Gunong Tahan and Gunong Ulu Kali, Malay Peninsula.","Description of new Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/436/mode/1up","Sphenocercus robinsoni"],["2795","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sphenurus etorques","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E54683C",null,null,"Monte Singalan, Western Sumatra","Cataloguo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nella parte occidentale di Sumatra dal Prof. Odoardo Beccari.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/250/mode/1up","Sphenocercus etorques"],["2796","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sphenurus korthalsi","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, and Lombok",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7FCB2D6",null,null,"Malaya, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/567/mode/1up","Sphenocercus korthalsi"],["2797","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sieboldii","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.93, vol.4 pl.549","White-bellied Green Pigeon","White-bellied Green-Pigeon","White-bellied Green-pigeon",null,null,"lowland to montane forest and dense secondary growth, from Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) southward through southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan to far northern Thailand, eastern Laos, and central Vietnam; northernmost populations migratory in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691283","whbpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbpig1","avibase-002105C7",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/413/mode/1up","Columba sieboldii"],["2798","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sieboldii sieboldii","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.93, vol.4 pl.549",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China and Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1961EC1",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/413/mode/1up","Columba sieboldii"],["2799","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sieboldii fopingensis","Cheng, Tan & Sung, 1973","Acta Zoologica Sinica 19 no.1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands and foothills of central China (eastern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D27A3FF7",null,null,"Foping (107 55'E, 33 40'N, alt. 1500 m), Shensi","A new subspecies of Treron sieboldii from the Tsingling Range, Shensi, China.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122425296.pdf","Treron sieboldii fopingensis"],["2800","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sieboldii sororius","(Swinhoe, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.7 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3E240BD",null,null,"Formosa.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/349/mode/1up","Sphenocercus sororius"],["2801","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sieboldii murielae","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern China to northern Thailand, central Vietnam, and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-381A9CF9",null,null,"Hanoi cf , and Tan Dao 9, central Tonkin.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/192/mode/1up","Sphenurus sieboldi murielae"],["2802","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron formosae","Swinhoe, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.20 p.396","Whistling Green Pigeon","Whistling Green-Pigeon",null,"2025-0409","Taxon <em>permagnus </em>(polytypic, including <em>medioximus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Treron formosae</em> based on available evidence. While there are differences in size and plumage, the taxa appear vocally similar; further evidence, including genetic data, needed.","lowland to submontane evergreen woodland, wooded cultivation, and towns, from Ryukyu Islands and related islands (southern Japan), and southward to highlands of Taiwan, and to related islands in northernmost Philippines (Itbayat southward to Camiguin Norte)",null,null,null,"whgpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whgpig1","avibase-0F50255A",null,null,"Near Taiwanfoo, Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 311.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/432/mode/1up","Treron formosae"],["2803","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron formosae permagnus","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.597 p.637",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ryukyu Islands (Yakushima, Amami Ōshima, and Okinawa, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-383F7AF1",null,null,"Napa, Okinawa Island, Riu ICiu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/651/mode/1up","Treron permagna"],["2804","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron formosae medioximus","(Bangs, 1901)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 36, no.8 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"Yaeyama Islands (Yonaguni, Iriomote, and Ishigaki, southern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC216A11",null,null,"Ishigaki Island, Riu Kiu Islands.","On a collection of birds from the Liu Kiu Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21824#page/419/mode/1up","Sphenocercus medioximus"],["2805","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron formosae formosae","Swinhoe, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.20 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Taiwan and Lan-yü Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4EF62AC",null,null,"Near Taiwanfoo, Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 311.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/432/mode/1up","Treron formosae"],["2806","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron formosae filipinus","Hachisuka, 1952","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 72 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Batan, Calayan, Camiguin Norte, and Sabtang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA8F45C5",null,null,"Caminguin Island, Cayagan Province, Philippines","A change of name for a Green Pigeon from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125675#page/141/mode/1up","Treron formosae filipina"],["2807","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron olax","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.4 pl.241","Little Green Pigeon","Little Green-Pigeon","Little Green-pigeon",null,null,"lowlands of southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691132","ligpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ligpig1","avibase-23E07E95",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/421/mode/1up","Columba olax"],["2808","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron fulvicollis","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.229,  sp.8","Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon","Cinnamon-headed Green-Pigeon","Cinnamon-headed Green-pigeon",null,null,"tropical rainforest, swamp forest, mangroves, and open scrub in the Malayan Peninsula from southernmost Myanmar (Tenasserim) southward to Singapore, Sumatra (including Nias and Mentawai Islands), Bangka, Belitung, Natuna, Lingga, Belitung and other satellite islands, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691127","cihpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cihpig1","avibase-614EC457",null,null,"Java = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/271/mode/1up","Columba fulvicollis"],["2809","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron fulvicollis fulvicollis","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.229,  sp.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB88DF40",null,null,"Java = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/271/mode/1up","Columba fulvicollis"],["2810","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron fulvicollis melopogenys","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E26327AA",null,null,"Nias Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/120/mode/1up","Dendrophassa fulvicollis melopogenys"],["2811","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron fulvicollis oberholseri","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Natuna Islands (off northwestern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1C99420",null,null,"Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands.","Nine new races of Natuna Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328589/em-nine-new-races-of-natuna-birds-em","Treron fulvicollis oberholseri"],["2812","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron fulvicollis baramensis","Meyer, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo and adjacent islands off north coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE658C1B",null,null,"Baram, Borneo.","Ueber einige Tauben von Borneo und den Philippinen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/85/mode/1up","Treron fulvicollis baramensis"],["2813","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron vernans","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.526","Pink-necked Green Pigeon","Pink-necked Green-Pigeon","Pink-necked Green-pigeon",null,null,"southeastern Asia to Philippines and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691137","pinpig3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinpig3","avibase-D0772401",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Columba vernans"],["2814","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron bicinctus","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12, no.28 p.13","Orange-breasted Green Pigeon","Orange-breasted Green-Pigeon","Orange-breasted Green-pigeon",null,null,"humid forest, woodland, and terai savanna in the southern and eastern Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka, and from Uttarakhand (northwestern India) and southern Nepal eastward to Assam and northern Myanmar, southward locally to western Peninsular Malaysia, eastern southeastern Asia (except northern Vietnam) and Hainan (southeastern China), and highly disjunctly in Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691142","orbpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbpig1","avibase-0EF5FB3C",null,null,"Seacoast south of Tellicherry.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176575#page/27/mode/1up","Vinago bicincta"],["2815","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron bicinctus leggei","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25651DF3",null,null,"Ceylon.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/213/mode/1up","Treron bicincta leggei"],["2816","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron bicinctus bicinctus","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12, no.28 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian subcontinent and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47E83BC5",null,null,"Seacoast south of Tellicherry.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176575#page/27/mode/1up","Vinago bicincta"],["2817","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron bicinctus domvilii","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B2BACC9",null,null,"Interior of Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/376/mode/1up","Osmotreron domvilii"],["2818","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron bicinctus javanus","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11 pt1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F62BDA26",null,null,"Badjulmati, eastern Java.","Eleven new Oriental Birds.",null,"Treron bisincta javana"],["2819","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phoenicopterus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.597","Yellow-footed Green Pigeon","Yellow-footed Green-Pigeon","Yellow-footed Green-pigeon",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, scrub, towns with fig trees, parks, and gardens, from eastern Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal eastward to south-central China (Yunnan), and southward to northern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691203","yefpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefpig1","avibase-F6C3F6DB",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/137/mode/1up","Columba phaenicoptera"],["2820","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phoenicopterus phoenicopterus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.597",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pakistan eastward through sub-Himalayan India to Assam and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4E26260",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/137/mode/1up","Columba phaenicoptera"],["2821","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phoenicopterus chlorigaster","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.167,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India south of the Gangetic Plain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E553409",null,null,"No locality = Indian Peninsula.","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday Evening, 10th February, 1843.) Report].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/205/mode/1up","Vinago chlorigaster"],["2822","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phoenicopterus phillipsi","Ripley, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF0DD516",null,null,"Nilgala, near Bibile, Uva Province, SE Ceylon [Sri Lanka]","A new race of the Southern Indian Green Pigeon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/27/mode/1up","Treron phoenicoptera phillipsi"],["2823","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phoenicopterus viridifrons","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.168 p.849",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern China (Yunnan) to Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A225B2F",null,null,"Tenasserun provinces.","Drafts for a Fauna Indica. (Comprising the Animals of the Himalaya Mountains, those of the Valley of the Indus, of the Provinces of Assam, Sylhet, Tipperah, Arracan, and of Ceylon, with Occasional Notices of Species from the Neighbouring Countries.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/409/mode/1up","Treron viridifrons"],["2824","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron phoenicopterus annamensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand to southern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9D2956",null,null,"Nhatrang, Annam.","Exhibition of a new species of Fruit-Pigeon from Nhatrang, Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/439/mode/1up","Crocopus annamensis"],["2825","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron griveaudi","Benson, 1960","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.50","Comoro Green Pigeon","Comoro Green-Pigeon","Comoro Green-pigeon",null,null,"Mohéli (Comoros)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728176","madgrp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madgrp2","avibase-4E869790",null,null,"Bandamale, Moheli, at 600 metres, 21 September 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands : results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Treron australis griveaudi"],["2826","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron waalia","(Meyer, 1793)","Systematisch-summarische Uebersicht der neuesten zoologischen Entdeckungen in Neuholland und Afrika (etc.) p.128","Bruce's Green Pigeon","Bruce's Green-Pigeon","Bruce's Green-pigeon",null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa, southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and Socotra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691212","brgpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brgpig1","avibase-46C90944",null,null,"Abyssinia = Tcherkin, near Lake Tsana, Ethiopia apud Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 36.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88249#page/138/mode/1up","Columba waalia"],["2827","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron australis","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.526","Madagascar Green Pigeon","Madagascar Green-Pigeon","Madagascar Green-pigeon",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727848","madgrp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madgrp1","avibase-BA5B5935",null,null,"Madagascar, restricted to the southeastern part by Salomonsen, postea.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Columba australis"],["2828","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron australis xenius","Salomonsen, 1934","Ibis ser.13, vol.4, no.2 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"western Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-226E1FE9",null,null,"Tsiandro, western Madagascar.","Four new Birds and a new Genus from Madagascar.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1934.tb01575.x","Treron australis xenia"],["2829","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron australis australis","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.526",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar (east of the high plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57608C8E",null,null,"Madagascar, restricted to the southeastern part by Salomonsen, postea.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Columba australis"],["2830","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron sanctithomae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.778","Sao Tome Green Pigeon","Sao Tome Green-Pigeon","Sao Tome Green-pigeon",null,null,"São Tomé (extirpated on adjacent Ilha das Rôlas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691227","stgpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stgpig1","avibase-8F575A0E",null,null,"São Thome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/279/mode/1up","Columba S. Thomae"],["2831","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron pembaensis","Pakenham, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.94","Pemba Green Pigeon","Pemba Green-Pigeon","Pemba Green-pigeon",null,null,"Pemba (off northeastern Tanzania)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691236","pegpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pegpig1","avibase-1DC1F8E7",null,null,"Pemba Island, East Africa","A new Green Pigeon from Pemba Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/124/mode/1up","Treron pembaensis"],["2832","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus","(Temminck, 1811)","Les Pigeons p.35, pl.7","African Green Pigeon","African Green-Pigeon",null,"2025-0406","Taxon <em>delalandii </em>(polytypic, including <em>granti</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Treron calvus</em> (polytypic) based on the absence of vocal and behavioral differences between them. Complex patterns of plumage variation also occur within <em>T. calvus sensu lato</em> with evidence of intergradation and clinality. Genetic data are lacking and further research would be required before making any splits in this group.","lowland and foothill forest and wooded savanna from Senegal eastward through Cameroon, and Príncipe and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to western Ethiopia, northeastern Tanzania, and Unguja (Zanzibar), and in southern Africa from northwestern Namibia to Mozambique, and southward to eastern coastal South Africa",null,null,null,"afrgrp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrgrp1","avibase-00146574",null,null,"Loango and Angola, restricted to Loango by Hartert and Goodson, antea, p. 349.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/55/mode/1up","Columba Calva"],["2833","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus nudirostris","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.203,205",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Gambia and Guinea-Bissau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA98D033",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/243/mode/1up","Vinago nudirostris"],["2834","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus sharpei","(Reichenow, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D52F3BF1",null,null,"Upper Guinea.","[Über Vinago calva].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/65/mode/1up","Vinago calva sharpei"],["2835","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus calvus","(Temminck, 1811)","Les Pigeons p.35, pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B4AD000",null,null,"Loango and Angola, restricted to Loango by Hartert and Goodson, antea, p. 349.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/55/mode/1up","Columba Calva"],["2836","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus poensis","Hartert & Goodson, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9FA697B",null,null,"Bantabari, Fernando Po.","Notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/382/mode/1up","Treron calva poensis"],["2837","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus virescens","Amadon, 1953","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 100, art.3 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43AD6B8F",null,null,"north end of Principe Island","Avian systematics and evolution in the Gulf of Guinea. The J. G. Correia collection.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1013","Treron australis virescens"],["2838","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus uellensis","(Reichenow, 1912)","Journal für Ornithologie 60, no.2 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE98B377",null,null,"Jakoma and Koloka, Uelle River, Belgian Congo.","Neue Arten aus dem Uelle-Gebiet in Mittel-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43502#page/344/mode/1up","Vinago calva uellensis"],["2839","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus gibberifrons","(Madarász, 1915)","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 13 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan southward to the Lake Victoria Basin in Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9395903",null,null,"Mujenje, Uganda.","Neue Vogelarten aus Afrika.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1915_Vol_13_393.pdf","Vinago gibberifrons"],["2840","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus brevicera","Hartert & Goodson, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ethiopia to northern Tanzania east of Rift Valley (except for coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61EA4247",null,null,"Moschi, foot of Mount Kilimanjaro, East Africa.","Notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/385/mode/1up","Treron calva brevicera"],["2841","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus wakefieldii","Sharpe, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.715 pl.58 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F6135A6",null,null,"Mombasa, Kenya Colony.","On a Collection of Birds from Mombas in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/859/mode/1up","Treron wakefieldii"],["2842","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus granti","(Van Someren, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Tanzania and Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00F2088B",null,null,"Kilwa, Tanganyika Territory.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/288/mode/1up","Vinago delalandei granti"],["2843","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus salvadorii","(Dubois, 1897)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897, pt.3 p.784",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Tanzania, Zambia, northern Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C50FE00",null,null,"Eastern and central tropical Africa ; restricted to the western shores of Lake Tanganyika by Hartert and Goodson, antea, p. 351.","Remarques sur certains Oiseaux supposés nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97165#page/910/mode/1up","Vinago salvadorii"],["2844","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus ansorgei","Hartert & Goodson, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola (south of Cuanza River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C55277D",null,null,"Huilla, Mossamedes [=Huíla, Moçâmedes, Angola]","Notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/384/mode/1up","Treron calva ansorgei"],["2845","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus schalowi","Reichenow, 1880","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, and northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A01CEEC6",null,null,"Diamond Fields, i.e. Kimberly, South Africa; locality believed to be erroneous.","Treron Schalowi, eine neue Taubenart","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_0108.pdf","Treron schalowi"],["2846","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus vylderi","Gyldenstolpe, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Namibia (east to Grootfontein)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD73F9EE",null,null,"Quevep, Great Namaqualand.","Description of a new form of Fruit-Pigeon from Great Namaqualand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/64/mode/1up","Treron calva vylderi"],["2847","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Treron calvus delalandii","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.873",null,null,null,null,null,"coast from southeastern Tanzania southward to South Africa (Eastern Cape Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0B964AC",null,null,"South Africa = Durban, Natal ex Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 3, 1851, p. 423.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/883/mode/1up","Phalacrotreron delalandii"],["2848","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.879 (also, nomen nudum in p. 871)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Columba leucotis [Temminck, 1823]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/889/mode/1up","Phapitreron"],["2849","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron leucotis","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.32, vol.4 pl.189","White-eared Brown Dove","White-eared Brown-Dove",null,"2025-0410","Taxon <em>brevirostris </em>(polytypic, including <em>occipitalis</em>) and taxon <em>nigrorum </em>(monotypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Phapitreron leucotis</em> based on available evidence. Vocalizations within this group are complex and all three taxa are phenotypically distinct; formal bioacoustic and genetic studies are needed before making any splits.","Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,null,null,"whedov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whedov1","avibase-0F267A15",null,null,"Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/487/mode/1up","Columba leucotis"],["2850","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron leucotis leucotis","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.32, vol.4 pl.189",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Catanduanes, Luzon, and Mindoro and satellite islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62F7778F",null,null,"Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/487/mode/1up","Columba leucotis"],["2851","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron leucotis nigrorum","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Cebu, Guimaras, Masbate, Negros, and Panay and satellite islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B745F61",null,null,"San Bernardino, Negros, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/468/mode/1up","Phabotreron nigrorum"],["2852","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron leucotis brevirostris","(Tweeddale, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.549",null,null,null,null,null,"Leyte, Mindoro, Bohol, Dinagat, Samar, Mindanao and Siquijor",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60FC2545",null,null,"Pasananca, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/223/mode/1up","Phabotreron brevirostris"],["2853","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron leucotis occipitalis","(Salvadori, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan) and Sulu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0266BF5C",null,null,"Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/92/mode/1up","Phabotreron occipitalis"],["2854","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron amethystinus","Bonaparte, 1854","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.28","Amethyst Brown Dove","Amethyst Brown-Dove",null,"2025-0411","The monotypic taxa <em>maculipectus </em>and <em>frontalis </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Phapitreron amethystinus</em> based on available evidence. There is likely to be more than one species in this complex, but vocal and genetic data that would allow identification of the optimal arrangement are currently lacking.","Philippines (except Palawan group and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,"amedov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amedov1","avibase-B1A4331C",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/586/mode/1up","Phapitreron amethystina"],["2855","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron amethystinus amethystinus","Bonaparte, 1854","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon, Mindanao and adjacent Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD276046",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/586/mode/1up","Phapitreron amethystina"],["2856","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron amethystinus imeldae","de la Paz, 1976","Natural and Applied Science Bulletin 28 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Marinduque (north-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C154566",null,null,"Mallindig, Barrio Sihi, Buenavista, Marinduque Island","Phapitreron amethystina imeldae, a new subspecies of the Amethyst Brown Fruit Dove from Marinduque Island and notes on related subspecies (Aves: Columbidae).",null,"Phapitreron amethystina imeldae"],["2857","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron amethystinus maculipectus","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Panay and Negros (east-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8A5F2FC",null,null,"Interior of Negros, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/14/mode/1up","Phabotreron maculipectus"],["2858","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron amethystinus frontalis","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Cebu (east-central Philippines); probably extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF9C629B",null,null,"Cebu, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/14/mode/1up","Phabotreron frontalis"],["2859","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron brunneiceps","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.8","Mindanao Brown Dove","Mindanao Brown-Dove","Dark-eared Brown-dove",null,null,"southeastern Philippines (Mindanao and Basilan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724523","daedov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daedov2","avibase-43A48647",null,null,"Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/13/mode/1up","Phabotreron brunneiceps"],["2860","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phapitreron cinereiceps","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.8","Tawitawi Brown Dove","Tawitawi Brown-Dove","Tawitawi Brown-dove",null,null,"Tawitawi (Sulu Archipelago)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691121","daedov3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daedov3","avibase-ADE5FE2C",null,null,"Tawi Tawi, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/11/mode/1up","Phabotreron cinereiceps"],["2861","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba","Heck, 1849","Bilder-Atlas zum Conversations-Lexikon. Erste Abtheilung: Mathematische und Naturwissenschaften 1 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba cruenta [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy = Columba luzonica Scopoli, 1786  ",null,null,null,"Gallicolumba"],["2862","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba tristigmata","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.207","Sulawesi Ground Dove","Sulawesi Ground Dove","Sulawesi Ground Dove",null,null,"Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691014","sugdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sugdov1","avibase-F991F61F",null,null,"Tondano, Celebes.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (sixième et dernière partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/217/mode/1up","Columba tristigmata"],["2863","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba tristigmata tristigmata","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of northern and north-central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-728BE6DD",null,null,"Tondano, Celebes.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (sixième et dernière partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/217/mode/1up","Columba tristigmata"],["2864","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba tristigmata auripectus","Stresemann, 1941","Journal für Ornithologie 89, no.1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F84359BF",null,null,"Tanke Salokko 2000 m. [SE peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia]","Die Vögel von Celibes. Biologische Beiträge von Gerd Heinrich.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_89_1941_0001-0102.pdf#page=48","Gallicolumba tristigmata auripectus"],["2865","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba tristigmata bimaculata","(Salvadori, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.3 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-761A0650",null,null,"Macassar, Celebes.","[Two new species of Pigeons of the genus Phlogoenas].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/36/mode/1up","Phlegoenas bimaculata"],["2866","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba rufigula","(Pucheran, 1853)","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.118, pl.27","Cinnamon Ground Dove","Cinnamon Ground Dove","Cinnamon Ground Dove",null,null,"New Guinea and some satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691009","cigdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cigdov2","avibase-B4901E1B",null,null,"No locality, based entirely on pl. 27, f. 2 of the 'Atlas, Zoologie = Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/122/mode/1up","Peristera rufigula"],["2867","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba rufigula rufigula","(Pucheran, 1853)","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.118, pl.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western Papuan islands and northwestern, northern, and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F46A6E2",null,null,"No locality, based entirely on pl. 27, f. 2 of the 'Atlas, Zoologie = Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/122/mode/1up","Peristera rufigula"],["2868","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba rufigula helviventris","(Rosenberg, 1866)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 29 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Waitakwa River to Fly River), including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B1F1D5E",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48369#page/674/mode/1up","Ptilopus helviventris"],["2869","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba rufigula alaris","Rand, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea eastward to Karimui (Chimbu Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34E1828B",null,null,"Lake Daviumbu, Fly River, Papua","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Gallicolumba rufigula alaris"],["2870","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba platenae","(Salvadori, 1893)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.588","Mindoro Bleeding-heart","Mindoro Bleeding-heart","Mindoro Bleeding-heart",null,null,"forest of Mindoro (central Philippines); status unknown",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690985","mibhea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mibhea2","avibase-6505921E",null,null,"Mindoro.","Die bisher bekannten Vögel von Mindoro, nebst Bemerkungen über einige Vögel von anderen Inseln der Philippinen-Gruppe (Scluss von S. 199-206.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/612/mode/1up","Phlegoenas platenae"],["2871","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba keayi","(Clarke, 1900)","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.22 p.359 pl.8","Negros Bleeding-heart","Negros Bleeding-heart","Negros Bleeding-heart",null,null,"Negros and Panay (West Visayas; west-central Philippines)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690988","nebhea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebhea1","avibase-A5C58F88",null,null,"Negros.","On some Birds from the Island of Negros, Philippines. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/415/mode/1up","Phlogoenas keayi"],["2872","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba menagei","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.10","Sulu Bleeding-heart","Sulu Bleeding-heart","Sulu Bleeding-heart",null,null,"Tawitawi (Sulu Archipelago); known only from two specimens collected in 1891; probably extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691005","subhea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subhea1","avibase-521FCF00",null,null,"Tawi Tawi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/14/mode/1up","Phlogoenas menagei"],["2873","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba luzonica","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94","Luzon Bleeding-heart","Luzon Bleeding-heart","Luzon Bleeding-heart",null,null,"Luzon group (northern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690979","lubhea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lubhea1","avibase-804BBC8C",null,null,"Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba Luzonica"],["2874","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba luzonica griseolateralis","Parkes, 1962","Postilla no.67 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A87DF16C",null,null,"Mt. Sicapo-o, Ilocos Norte Province, Luzon, Philippines, April 18, 1959, by D. S. Rabor","New subspecies of birds from Luzon, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43745#page/3/mode/1up","Gallicolumba luzonica griseolateralis"],["2875","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba luzonica luzonica","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (central and southern Luzon and Polillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FBED5CE",null,null,"Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba Luzonica"],["2876","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba luzonica rubiventris","Gonzales, 1979","The birds of Catanduanes p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Philippines (Vigo-Gigmoto watershed on Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95FE8C20",null,null,"Catanduanes","Birds of Catanduanes (Revised Edition).",null,"Gallicolumba luzonica rubiventris"],["2877","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba crinigera","(Pucheran, 1853)","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.118","Mindanao Bleeding-heart","Mindanao Bleeding-heart","Mindanao Bleeding-heart",null,null,"East Visayas, Mindanao group, and Jolo (northern Sulu Archipelago; east-central to southwestern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690991","minblh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minblh1","avibase-F868CF77",null,null,"Sulu Islands, error? Mindanao is generally accepted as the type locality, but see See Collar 2006 (SNAB 59).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/122/mode/1up","Pampusanna criniger"],["2878","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba crinigera leytensis","(Hartert, 1918)","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Samar, Leyte, and Bohol (east-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E974925",null,null,"Mountains in the north of Leyte.","Further notes on Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/470/mode/1up","Phlegoenas crinigera leytensis"],["2879","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba crinigera crinigera","(Pucheran, 1853)","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao and Dinagat (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8E985DC",null,null,"Sulu Islands, error? Mindanao is generally accepted as the type locality, but see See Collar 2006 (SNAB 59).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/122/mode/1up","Pampusanna criniger"],["2880","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gallicolumba crinigera bartletti","(Sclater, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.377 pl.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (southeastern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09F6A0CE",null,null,"purchased by a dealer in Liverpool, believe to be from Luzon, Philippines","On some new and interesting animals recently acquired for the Society's Menagerie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/467/mode/1up","Phlogoenas bartletti"],["2881","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Henicophaps","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Henicophaps albifrons [Gray, GR, 1862]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/544/mode/1up","Henicophaps"],["2882","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Henicophaps foersteri","Rothschild & Hartert, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.28","New Britain Bronzewing","New Britain Bronzewing","New Britain Bronzewing",null,null,"Umboi, New Britain, and Lolobau (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690664","nebbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebbro1","avibase-0165D38B",null,null,"Massawa, New Britain.","Description of a new Pigeon from New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/452/mode/1up","Henicophaps foersteri"],["2883","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Henicophaps albifrons","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.432 pl.44","New Guinea Bronzewing","New Guinea Bronzewing","New Guinea Bronzewing",null,null,"New Guinea and some western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690661","negbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/negbro1","avibase-A91318C0",null,null,"Waigeu.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/544/mode/1up","Henicophaps albifrons"],["2884","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Henicophaps albifrons albifrons","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.432 pl.44",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FC7EF5C",null,null,"Waigeu.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/544/mode/1up","Henicophaps albifrons"],["2885","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Henicophaps albifrons schlegeli","(Rosenberg, 1866)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 29 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7528353",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48369#page/673/mode/1up","Rynchaenas Schlegeli"],["2886","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40, no.5 p.207",null,null,null,"2025-0408","The genus name <em>Pampusana </em>is used for <em>Alopecoenas</em> following Bruce et al. (2016).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba pampusan [Quoy & Gaimard, 1824]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/217/mode/1up","Pampusana"],["2887","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana hoedtii","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.30","Wetar Ground Dove","Wetar Ground Dove","Wetar Ground Dove",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Wetar)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691076","wegdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wegdov1","avibase-CD21DBC9",null,null,"Wetar Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/42/mode/1up","Leptoptila Hoedtii"],["2888","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana jobiensis","(Meyer, 1875)","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 1 p.10","White-breasted Ground Dove","White-breasted Ground Dove","White-breasted Ground Dove",null,null,"New Guinea and some satellite islands, eastern Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691019","wbgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbgdov1","avibase-424F7705",null,null,"Ansus, Island of Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98741#page/26/mode/1up","Phlegoenas jobiensis"],["2889","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana jobiensis jobiensis","(Meyer, 1875)","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea), and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39AA57E8",null,null,"Ansus, Island of Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98741#page/26/mode/1up","Phlegoenas jobiensis"],["2890","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana jobiensis chalconota","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella and Guadalcanal (west-central and southern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E06795A7",null,null,"Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Gallicolumba jobiensis chalconota"],["2891","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana rubescens","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.346","Marquesan Ground Dove","Marquesan Ground Dove","Marquesas Ground Dove",null,null,"Hatutu, in far northern Marquesas Islands (at least formerly also Fatu Huku and Eiao; prehistorically more widespread in Marquesas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691061","margrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/margrd1","avibase-AA66FD08",null,null,"? Marquesas Islands. Based exclusively on pl. 17 of Krusenstern's Atlas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/368/mode/1up","Columba rubescens"],["2892","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana kubaryi","(Finsch, 1880)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.151 p.292","White-fronted Ground Dove","Caroline Islands Ground Dove","Caroline Ground Dove",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Caroline Islands (Chuuk and Pohnpei)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691024","cigdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cigdov1","avibase-2E50E5DA",null,null,"Ruk and Ponapé, Caroline Islands.","Beobachtungen über die Vögel der Insel Ponapé (Carolinen).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/304/mode/1up","Phlegoenas Kubaryi"],["2893","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana erythroptera","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.775","Polynesian Ground Dove","Polynesian Ground Dove","Polynesian Ground Dove",null,null,"uninhabited atolls of Tuamotu Archipelago (formerly also Windward Society Islands, and prehistorically Cook Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691030","pogdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pogdov1","avibase-DD2985FA",null,null,"Eimeo = Moorea, Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/276/mode/1up","Columba erythroptera"],["2894","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana xanthonura","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.32, vol.4 pl.190","White-throated Ground Dove","White-throated Ground Dove","White-throated Ground Dove",null,null,"Yap (Caroline Islands) and Mariana Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691037","wtgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtgdov1","avibase-41AF6D10",null,null,"Marianne Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/523/mode/1up","Columba xanthonura"],["2895","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana canifrons","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.101","Palau Ground Dove","Palau Ground Dove","Palau Ground Dove",null,null,"Palau (Babelthuap southward to Angaur)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691071","pagdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pagdov1","avibase-40866A35",null,null,"Palau Islands.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/131/mode/1up","Phlegoenas canifrons"],["2896","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.974","Bronze Ground Dove","Bronze Ground Dove",null,"2025-0407","Taxon <em>johannae </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Pampusana beccarii</em> (monotypic) based on available plumage, vocal, and genetic evidence. Although the two forms differ in plumage and habitat, the bold white eye-ring of nominate <em>johannae </em>is lacking in some populations. Moyle et al. (2013) using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data showed a consistent pattern of differentiation between <em>solomonensis </em>and <em>beccarii </em>but did not include <em>johannae </em>in the analysis; <em>P. canifrons</em> was also found to be embedded within <em>P. beccarii sensu lato,</em> indicating the need for further research. More extensive genetic and bioacoustic data are required before making any splits.","mountains of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,"brgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brgdov1","avibase-6B1966F8",null,null,"Arfak Mts., near Hatam, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/980/mode/1up","Chalcophaps beccarii"],["2897","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii beccarii","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.974",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51D9E97E",null,null,"Arfak Mts., near Hatam, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/980/mode/1up","Chalcophaps beccarii"],["2898","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii johannae","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.112 pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago (except for the Admiralty and St. Matthias groups), including Karkar Island (off eastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A30B64FC",null,null,"Duke of York Island.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/168/mode/1up","Phlogoenas johannae"],["2899","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii eichhorni","(Hartert, 1924)","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau and Emirau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D70E72",null,null,"St. Matthias (Mussau) Island, Bismarck Archipelago","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/260/mode/1up","Gallicolumba beccarii eichhorni"],["2900","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii admiralitatis","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1914)","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.4 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"Manus (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-034D0AE7",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","The birds of the Admiralty Islands, north of German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/317/mode/1up","Phlegoenas beccarii admiralitatis"],["2901","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii intermedia","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville and New Georgia Group (northern and west-central Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-064A9455",null,null,"Bougainville Island.","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/168/mode/1up","Phlegoenas beccarii intermedia"],["2902","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii solomonensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal, Makira, Santa Ana, and Rennell (southern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69E2C37B",null,null,"Aola Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.","Second List of the Birds collected by Mr. C. M. Woodford in the Solomon Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/248/mode/1up","Phlogoenas solomonensis"],["2903","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana beccarii masculina","(Salomonsen, 1972)","Steenstrupia 2(12) p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Nissan Island (western Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-647812C1",null,null,"Nissan Island, Bismarck Archipelago","New pigeons from the Bismarck Archipelago (Aves, Columbidae).",null,"Gallicolumba beccarii masculina"],["2904","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana stairi","(Gray, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.301 p.7 pl.115","Shy Ground Dove","Shy Ground Dove","Shy Ground Dove",null,null,"Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, and Samoa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691042","frgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frgdov1","avibase-39CA325C",null,null,"Samoa, probably = Tonga Islands.","On a New Species of Pigeon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/29/mode/1up","Caloenas (Phlegoenas) Stairi"],["2905","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana ferruginea","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.265-266","Tanna Ground Dove","Tanna Ground Dove","Tanna Ground Dove",null,null,"formerly Tanna (southern Vanuatu); extinct, last reported 1774","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691052","tangrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tangrd1","avibase-8832822E",null,null,"insulae Tanna [=Tanna Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/287/mode/1up","Columba ferruginea"],["2906","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana salamonis","(Ramsay, 1882)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.7, pt.2 p.299","Thick-billed Ground Dove","Thick-billed Ground Dove","Thick-billed Ground Dove",null,null,"formerly Ramos and Makira (north-central and southern Solomon Islands); extinct, last reported 1927","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691056","tbgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tbgdov1","avibase-71BE72FC",null,null,"San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","Description of two new Birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30242#page/325/mode/1up","Phlogaenas salamonis"],["2907","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana sanctaecrucis","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.1,2","Santa Cruz Ground Dove","Santa Cruz Ground Dove","Santa Cruz Ground Dove",null,null,"Tinakula and Utupua (northern and central Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands), and Vanuatu",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691047","scgdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scgdov1","avibase-C7C949AE",null,null,"Tinakula, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis"],["2908","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pampusana norfolkensis","(Forshaw, 2015)","Pigeons and doves in Australia pp. 84-85","Norfolk Ground Dove","Norfolk Ground Dove",null,null,null,"formerly Norfolk Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded ca. 1800","(extinct)",null,null,"norgrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norgrd1","avibase-8D0BB075",null,null,"Norfolk Island, Australia",null,"https://bioone.org/ebook/PreviewFirstPage?urlId=10.1071%2F978148630404221.54.58.2015.21","Alopecoenas norfolkensis"],["2909","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leucosarcia","Gould, 1843","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.13) pl.63, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba picata [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy = Columba melanoleuca Latham, 1801",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/261/mode/1up","Leucosarcia"],["2910","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Leucosarcia melanoleuca","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lix","Wonga Pigeon","Wonga Pigeon","Wonga Pigeon",null,null,"eastern Australia (central eastern Queensland southward to eastern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690727","wonpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wonpig1","avibase-E91C72D9",null,null,"Port Jackson, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/65/mode/1up","Columba melanoleuca"],["2911","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phaps","Selby, 1835","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.V p.194",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba chalcoptera [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation",null,"The Natural History of Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57922#page/240/mode/1up","Phaps"],["2912","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phaps histrionica","(Gould, 1841)","The birds of Australia 2 (pt.2) pl.13, with text","Flock Bronzewing","Flock Bronzewing","Flock Bronzewing",null,null,"inland northern Australia (northwestern Australia eastward to western Queensland and northwestern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690673","flobro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flobro1","avibase-9560088E",null,null,"Plains in the interior of New South Wales, i.e. Liverpool Plains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/273/mode/1up","Peristera histrionica"],["2913","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phaps chalcoptera","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.604","Common Bronzewing","Common Bronzewing","Common Bronzewing",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690667","combro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combro1","avibase-8D30DDA6",null,null,"Norfolk Island, error, restricted to Sydney, New South Wales by Mathews, Man. Bds. Austr., 1921, p. 251.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/144/mode/1up","Columba chalcoptera"],["2914","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phaps elegans","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.56, pl.22","Brush Bronzewing","Brush Bronzewing","Brush Bronzewing",null,null,"southern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690670","brubro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brubro1","avibase-020BE546",null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/168/mode/1up","Columba Elegans"],["2915","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phaps elegans occidentalis","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89C60559",null,null,"Gordon River, 9 Feb. 1889, coll. J.L. Ayres","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Phaps elegans occidentalis"],["2916","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Phaps elegans elegans","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.56, pl.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (coastal southeastern Queensland southward to southern Victoria and Tasmania, and westward to South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-490C83E4",null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/168/mode/1up","Columba Elegans"],["2917","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Geopelia lineata [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy = Columba striata Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/372/mode/1up","Geopelia"],["2918","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia cuneata","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxi","Diamond Dove","Diamond Dove","Diamond Dove",null,null,"northern semiarid Australia (northern Western Australia eastward to western Queensland, New South Wales, and northwestern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690705","diadov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diadov1","avibase-4A80DFC5",null,null,"New Holland = Sydney, New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/67/mode/1up","Columba cuneata"],["2919","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia humeralis","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.128","Bar-shouldered Dove","Bar-shouldered Dove","Bar-shouldered Dove",null,null,"south-central and southeastern New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690724","basdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/basdov1","avibase-A39F91F0",null,null,"Broad Sound, Queensland.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/144/mode/1up","Columba humeralis"],["2920","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia humeralis gregalis","Bangs & Peters, 1926","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 67, no.12 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of coastal southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E40BEE97",null,null,"Wendoe Mer River, SW New Guinea.","A collection of birds from southwestern New Guinea (Merauke coast and inland).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21143#page/541/mode/1up","Geopelia humeralis gregalis"],["2921","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia humeralis headlandi","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.8 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Western Australia (Pilbara region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDAE69D5",null,null,"Port Headland, North-West Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/227/mode/1up","Geopelia humeralis headlandi"],["2922","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia humeralis inexpectata","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region of northern Western Australia eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE905948",null,null,"Parry's Creek, North-West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/210/mode/1up","Geopelia humeralis inexpectata"],["2923","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia humeralis humeralis","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia south of Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51A898BC",null,null,"Broad Sound, Queensland.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/144/mode/1up","Columba humeralis"],["2924","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia striata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.282","Zebra Dove","Zebra Dove","Zebra Dove",null,null,"southern Myanmar through the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, and Lombok; also Philippines (native or introduced?); introduced to St. Helena (southern Atlantic Ocean), western Indian Ocean islands of Seychelles and Mascarenes to Chagos Archipelago, southeastern Asia, southernmost Taiwan, Borneo, Sulawesi region, New Caledonia, Leeward and Windward Society Islands (all main islands), Marquesas Islands (all main islands), and Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690708","zebdov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zebdov","avibase-91C3A5E9",null,null,"East Indies, restricted type locality Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/286/mode/1up","Columba striata"],["2925","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia placida","Gould, 1844","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.133 p.55","Peaceful Dove","Peaceful Dove","Peaceful Dove",null,null,"south-central, northeastern, and southeastern New Guinea, and Australia (except southwest and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690719","peadov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peadov1","avibase-8DF7FC3F",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition of a series of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/67/mode/1up","Geopelia placida"],["2926","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia placida placida","Gould, 1844","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.133 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and coastal eastern New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE5EF48F",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition of a series of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/67/mode/1up","Geopelia placida"],["2927","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia placida clelandi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Western Australia (Pilbara region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F465472",null,null,"Coongan River, West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/210/mode/1up","Geopelia placida clelandi"],["2928","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geopelia maugeus","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.115, pl.52","Barred Dove","Barred Dove","Barred Dove",null,null,"southeastern Moluccas and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690716","bardov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bardov2","avibase-745E4C3D",null,null,"Îles de l'Australe-Asie,' the type is from Timor (cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool. X, p.35)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/291/mode/1up","Columba Maugeus"],["2929","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Petrophassa","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Petrophassa albipennis [Gould, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/899/mode/1up","Petrophassa"],["2930","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Petrophassa rufipennis","Collett, 1898","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898, pt.3 p.354 pl.28","Chestnut-quilled Rock Pigeon","Chestnut-quilled Rock-Pigeon","Chestnut-quilled Rock-pigeon",null,null,"central northern Australia (western Arnhem Land, northern Northern Territory)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690700","cqrpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cqrpig1","avibase-9D10537C",null,null,"South Alligator River, Northern Territory.","On some Pigeons and Parrots from North and North-west Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97095#page/446/mode/1up","Petrophassa rufipennis"],["2931","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Petrophassa albipennis","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.173","White-quilled Rock Pigeon","White-quilled Rock-Pigeon","White-quilled Rock-pigeon",null,null,"north-central Australia (except Top End)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690695","wqrpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wqrpig1","avibase-5AC3491A",null,null,"Western Australia; Wyndham, northwestern Australia, designated by Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 28.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/899/mode/1up","Petrophassa albipennis"],["2932","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Petrophassa albipennis albipennis","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A37DE9FE",null,null,"Western Australia; Wyndham, northwestern Australia, designated by Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 28.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/899/mode/1up","Petrophassa albipennis"],["2933","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Petrophassa albipennis boothi","Goodwin, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89 p.131 [131-133]",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (Stokes Range to upper Baines River, Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCCC77D3",null,null,"Stokes Range, Victoria River, Northern Territory (15° 36’ S, 131° 06’ B), collected by Major B. D. MacDonald Booth on 11th August, 1968.","A new sub-species of the White-quilled Rock Pigeon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/173/mode/1up","Petrophassa albipennis boothi"],["2934","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ocyphaps","Gray, 1842","Appendix to a list of the genera of birds Ed.2Appendix p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba lophotes [Temminck, 1822]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Ocyphaps"],["2935","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ocyphaps lophotes","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.24, vol.4 pl.142","Crested Pigeon","Crested Pigeon","Crested Pigeon",null,null,"Australia (except northern and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690676","crepig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crepig1","avibase-245D312A",null,null,"New Holland, i.e. New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/527/mode/1up","Columba lophotes"],["2936","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ocyphaps lophotes whitlocki","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"western Australia (Pilbara region to Great Australian Bight)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE48CA0B",null,null,"East Murchison, southwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/215/mode/1up","Ocyphaps lophotes whitlocki"],["2937","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ocyphaps lophotes lophotes","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.24, vol.4 pl.142",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31348F0E",null,null,"New Holland, i.e. New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/527/mode/1up","Columba lophotes"],["2938","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps","Gray, 1842","Appendix to a list of the genera of birds Ed.2Appendix p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba scripta [Temminck, 1821]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Geophaps"],["2939","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps plumifera","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 7 (pt.7) pl.69, with text","Spinifex Pigeon","Spinifex Pigeon","Spinifex Pigeon",null,null,"west-central to east-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690682","spipig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spipig2","avibase-FFEE836B",null,null,"150 miles up the Victoria River, between Cape Hotham and Depuch Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/285/mode/1up","Geophaps plumifera"],["2940","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps plumifera ferruginea","(Gould, 1865)","Handbook to the birds of Australia 2 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"western Western Australia (De Grey River to Gascoyne River and Carnarvon Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1E17FA3",null,null,"Gascoygne River, West Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49435#page/149/mode/1up","Lophophaps ferruginea"],["2941","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps plumifera leucogaster","(Gould, 1867)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl., pt5 pl.[9]",null,null,null,null,null,"central Australia (southern Northern Territory, northwestern Queensland, and northeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D30A35AC",null,null,"Machrihanish Station, South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/289/mode/1up","Lophophaps leucogaster"],["2942","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps plumifera plumifera","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 7 (pt.7) pl.69, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Western Australia (Edgar Range) to western Northern Territory",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7889A6E5",null,null,"150 miles up the Victoria River, between Cape Hotham and Depuch Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/285/mode/1up","Geophaps plumifera"],["2943","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps scripta","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.127","Squatter Pigeon","Squatter Pigeon","Squatter Pigeon",null,null,"northeastern to east-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690692","squpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/squpig1","avibase-AD62DDA5",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay, lat. 22° S., Queensland.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/143/mode/1up","Columba scripta"],["2944","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps scripta peninsulae","White, 1922","The Emu 21 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula to Burdekin River, Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FB4FEB5",null,null,"Coen, Cape York, Queensland.","Two New Subpecies of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35943#page/241/mode/1up","Geophaps scripta peninsulae"],["2945","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps scripta scripta","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Townsville to south-eastern Queensland, formerly northern and central New South Wales",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D115205",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay, lat. 22° S., Queensland.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/143/mode/1up","Columba scripta"],["2946","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps smithii","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 pl.104, with text","Partridge Pigeon","Partridge Pigeon","Partridge Pigeon",null,null,"north-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690689","parpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parpig1","avibase-888803D1",null,null,"New Holland = North-West Australia apud Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 190 = Northern Territory by designation of Mathews, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/317/mode/1up","Columba Smithii"],["2947","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps smithii blaauwi","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (western Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E708FA5B",null,null,"Napier Broome Bay, northwestern Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/46/mode/1up","Geophaps smithi blaauwi"],["2948","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Geophaps smithii smithii","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 pl.104, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (northern Northern Territory; formerly eastern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87873F5D",null,null,"New Holland = North-West Australia apud Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 190 = Northern Territory by designation of Mathews, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/317/mode/1up","Columba Smithii"],["2949","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Trugon","Gray, 1849","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, App. p.24",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trugon terrestris [Gray, GR, 1849]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/466/mode/1up","Trugon"],["2950","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Trugon terrestris","Gray, 1849","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.48, App. p.24","Thick-billed Ground Pigeon","Thick-billed Ground-Pigeon","Thick-billed Ground-pigeon",null,null,"New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691081","tbgpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tbgpig2","avibase-7EFA1E93",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/466/mode/1up","Trugon terrestris"],["2951","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Trugon terrestris leucopareia","(Meyer, 1886)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Setekwa River to Milne Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0FB1504",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/37/mode/1up","Eutrygon leucopareia"],["2952","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Trugon terrestris mayri","Rothschild, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central New Guinea (Mamberamo River to Humboldt Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B662910F",null,null,"Hollandia, New Guinea (Djayapura, West Irian)","Description of a new subspecies of Trugon terrestris Gray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/101/mode/1up","Trugon terrestris mayri"],["2953","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Trugon terrestris terrestris","Gray, 1849","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.48, App. p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea eastward to Cenderawasih Bay (northwestern New Guinea) and Etna bays, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-298952B8",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/466/mode/1up","Trugon terrestris"],["2954","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Microgoura","Rothschild, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Microgoura meeki [Rothschild, 1904]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/563/mode/1up","Microgoura"],["2955","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Microgoura meeki","Rothschild, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.78","Choiseul Pigeon","Choiseul Pigeon","Choiseul Pigeon",null,null,"formerly Choiseul (northwestern Solomon Islands); extinct, last reported 1904","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691086","chopig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chopig1","avibase-75D098B5",null,null,"Choiseul, Solomon Islands, male collected January 7, 1904","A new Pigeon from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/566/mode/1up","Microgoura meeki"],["2956","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Otidiphaps","Gould, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.25 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Otidiphaps nobilis [Gould, 1870]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/76/mode/1up","Otidiphaps"],["2957","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Otidiphaps nobilis","Gould, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.25 p.62","Pheasant Pigeon","Pheasant Pigeon",null,"2025-0404","The taxa <em>aruensis, cervicalis</em>, and <em>insularis </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Otidiphaps nobilis</em> following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016), despite differences in plumages. Detailed analysis of vocalizations and broader genetic sampling are needed to affirm any splits.","New Guinea and some larger satellite islands",null,null,null,"phepig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phepig1","avibase-5C686F54",null,null,"'Probably procured on some one of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago or in New Guinea.'","IX. Description of a supposed new Species of Pigeon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/76/mode/1up","Otidiphaps nobilis"],["2958","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Otidiphaps nobilis aruensis","Rothschild, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F197D25F",null,null,"Aru Islands.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Ground-Pigeon from the Aru Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/128/mode/1up","Otidiphaps nobilis aruensis"],["2959","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Otidiphaps nobilis nobilis","Gould, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.25 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western New Guinea, including Waigeo and Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-409ADAA1",null,null,"'Probably procured on some one of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago or in New Guinea.'","IX. Description of a supposed new Species of Pigeon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/76/mode/1up","Otidiphaps nobilis"],["2960","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Otidiphaps nobilis cervicalis","Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.4, pt.4 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern and southeastern New Guinea (Saruwaged, Sepik, and Kuper)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8AAD9E7",null,null,"Goldie River, New Guinea.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Part VI. On some new and rare Birds, from South East Coast of New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30154#page/534/mode/1up","Otidiphaps nobilis var. cervicalis"],["2961","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Otidiphaps nobilis insularis","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Fergusson, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-857C5AD5",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","On a third Species of Otidiphaps.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/82/mode/1up","Otidiphaps insularis"],["2962","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Goura","Stephens, 1819","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 11, pt1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba cristata [Pallas, 1764]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 59).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71556#page/151/mode/1up","Goura"],["2963","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Goura cristata","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.2 no.78","Western Crowned Pigeon","Western Crowned-Pigeon","Western Crowned-pigeon",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula and Bird's Neck), including Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691865","wecpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wecpig1","avibase-556137A4",null,null,"Banda, error; Fak-fak on the Onin Peninsula fixed as type locality by Stresemann and Paludan, Nov. Zool., 38, 1932, p. 186.",null,null,"Columba cristata"],["2964","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Goura sclaterii","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.45","Sclater's Crowned Pigeon","Sclater's Crowned-Pigeon","Sclater's Crowned-pigeon",null,null,"southern New Guinea (Mimika River to Fly River)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45014476","soucrp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soucrp1","avibase-9965E32D",null,null,"Fly River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/51/mode/1up","Goura sclaterii"],["2965","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Goura scheepmakeri","Finsch, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.631 pl.68","Scheepmaker's Crowned Pigeon","Scheepmaker's Crowned-Pigeon","Scheepmaker's Crowned-pigeon",null,null,"coastal southeastern New Guinea (Hall Sound to Orangerie Bay)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45014473","soucrp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soucrp2","avibase-6551B257",null,null,"Southeastern New Guinea.","On a new Species of Crown-Pigeon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/793/mode/1up","Goura scheepmakeri"],["2966","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Goura victoria","(Fraser, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.138 p.136","Victoria Crowned Pigeon","Victoria Crowned-Pigeon","Victoria Crowned-pigeon",null,null,"north-central to northeastern and southeastern New Guinea, including Cenderawasih Bay islands (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691874","vicpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vicpig1","avibase-EAA06956",null,null,"New Guinea Islands in Geelvink Bay.","Description of a new species of Crowned Pigeon from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/148/mode/1up","Lophyrus Victoria"],["2967","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Goura victoria victoria","(Fraser, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.138 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94EAE98A",null,null,"New Guinea Islands in Geelvink Bay.","Description of a new species of Crowned Pigeon from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/148/mode/1up","Lophyrus Victoria"],["2968","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Goura victoria beccarii","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.8 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B986D32",null,null,"Humboldt Bay [=Yos Sudarso Bay], New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33402#page/410/mode/1up","Goura beccarii"],["2969","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Didunculus","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Didunculus strigirostris [Peale, 1848]; type by monotypy = Gnathodon strigirostris Jardine, 1845",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/228/mode/1up","Didunculus"],["2970","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Didunculus strigirostris","(Jardine, 1845)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.16, no.104 p.175 pl.9","Tooth-billed Pigeon","Tooth-billed Pigeon","Tooth-billed Pigeon",null,null,"mountains of western Samoa (Savai'i and Upolu); extremely rare, with few recent records",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691890","tobpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tobpig1","avibase-987DE55E",null,null,"Australia ? error = Samoa.","XVIII. Horae Zoologicae. [With two Plates.] No. VI. Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19483#page/205/mode/1up","Gnathodon strigirostris"],["2971","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Raphus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.46;5, p.14",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Struthio cucullatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Struthio cucullatus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/88/mode/1up","Raphus"],["2972","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Raphus cucullatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.155","Dodo","Dodo","Dodo",null,null,"formerly Mauritius; extinct, last reported 1662","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690059","dodo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dodo1","avibase-DEF95927",null,null,"India = Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/174/mode/1up","Struthio cucullatus"],["2973","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pezophaps","Strickland, 1848","The Dodo and its kindred; or the history, affinities and osteology of the dodo, solitaire, and other extinct birds of the Islands Mauritius, Rodriguez, and Bourbon. p.46,54",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Didus solitarius [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Pezophaps"],["2974","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Pezophaps solitaria","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.728","Rodrigues Solitaire","Rodrigues Solitaire","Rodrigues Solitaire",null,null,"formerly Rodrigues; extinct, last reported 1770","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690062","rodsol2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodsol2","avibase-2FC54A50",null,null,"Rodriguez.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/229/mode/1up","Didus solitarius"],["2975","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Caloenas","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba nicobarica [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Columba nicobarica Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/73/mode/1up","Caloenas"],["2976","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Caloenas maculata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II pars.2 p.780","Spotted Green Pigeon","Spotted Green Pigeon","Liverpool Pigeon",null,null,"known only from two specimens (one of which now is lost) and one illustration; probably was native to an island or island group in the South Pacific; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734732","spgpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spgpig1","avibase-6E8B492E",null,null,"Unknown. Only specimen known is hosted at the Liverpool Museum (https://www.lostspeciesday.org/?p=699)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/281/mode/1up","Columba maculata"],["2977","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Caloenas nicobarica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164","Nicobar Pigeon","Nicobar Pigeon","Nicobar Pigeon",null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands to Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea satellite islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, and Palau (western Caroline Islands, western Micronesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690974","nicpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicpig1","avibase-0FFC77EF",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba nicobarica"],["2978","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands to Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea satellite islands, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9C86AC0",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/183/mode/1up","Columba nicobarica"],["2979","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Caloenas nicobarica pelewensis","Finsch, 1875","Journal des Museum Godeffroy. Geographische, ethnographische und naturwissenschaftliche Mittheilungen 8 p.27,159",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A52D1506",null,null,"Palau Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151109#page/32/mode/1up","Caloenas nicobarica var. pelewensis"],["2980","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Hemiphaga","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1076",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba novaeseelandiae [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1086/mode/1up","Hemiphaga"],["2981","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Hemiphaga chathamensis","(Rothschild, 1891)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891, pt.1 p.312 pl.28","Chatham Islands Pigeon","Chatham Islands Pigeon","Chatham Islands Pigeon",null,null,"Chatham Islands; now mainly southeastern Chatham Island",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732918","nezpig3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezpig3","avibase-1819B63F",null,null,"Chatham Islands, type from Main Island.","Description of a new Pigeon of the Genus Carpophaga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97151#page/410/mode/1up","Carpophaga chathamensis"],["2982","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.773","New Zealand Pigeon","New Zealand Pigeon","New Zealand Pigeon",null,null,"North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand) and formerly Norfolk Island (far east of Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727557","nezpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezpig2","avibase-335C2C80",null,null,"New Zealand = Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/274/mode/1up","Columba novae Seelandiae"],["2983","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.773",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of New Zealand and larger offshore islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A127E49",null,null,"New Zealand = Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/274/mode/1up","Columba novae Seelandiae"],["2984","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lx",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Norfolk Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1820s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4A55200",null,null,"Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/66/mode/1up","Columba spadicea"],["2985","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Cryptophaps","Salvadori, 1893","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Carpophaga poecilorrhoa [Brüggemann, 1876]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34475#page/243/mode/1up","Cryptophaps"],["2986","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa","(Brüggemann, 1876)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.84","Sombre Pigeon","Sombre Pigeon","Sombre Pigeon",null,null,"humid montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691847","sompig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sompig2","avibase-86420547",null,null,"Minahassa, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/92/mode/1up","Carpophaga poecilorrhoa"],["2987","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Lopholaimus","Gould, 1841","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.5) pl.61, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Columba antarctica [Shaw, 1793]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/253/mode/1up","Lopholaimus"],["2988","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Lopholaimus antarcticus","(Shaw, 1793)","Zoology of New Holland 1 p.15 pl.5","Topknot Pigeon","Topknot Pigeon","Topknot Pigeon",null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland southward to eastern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691837","toppig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/toppig1","avibase-B6416BD3",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126030#page/33/mode/1up","Columba Antarctica"],["2989","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gymnophaps","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gymnophaps albertisii [Salvadori, 1874]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/100/mode/1up","Gymnophaps"],["2990","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gymnophaps solomonensis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.11","Pale Mountain Pigeon","Pale Mountain-Pigeon","Pale Mountain-pigeon",null,null,"Bougainville to Guadalcanal and Malaita (Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691860","pampig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pampig1","avibase-42F486DA",null,null,"Malaita Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Gymnophaps solomonensis"],["2991","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gymnophaps albertisii","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.86","Papuan Mountain Pigeon","Papuan Mountain-Pigeon","Papuan Mountain-pigeon",null,null,"montane Bacan (northern Moluccas), and New Guinea including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea) and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691850","pampig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pampig2","avibase-B7440FF2",null,null,"Andai, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/100/mode/1up","Gymnophaps albertisii"],["2992","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gymnophaps albertisii exsul","(Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57D5FB40",null,null,"Batjan, 3000 feet, Halmahera, Moluccas","The Birds of Batjan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/76/mode/1up","Columba albertisii exsul"],["2993","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gymnophaps albertisii albertisii","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23CA2689",null,null,"Andai, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/100/mode/1up","Gymnophaps albertisii"],["2994","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gymnophaps mada","(Hartert, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.33","Buru Mountain Pigeon","Buru Mountain-Pigeon","Buru Mountain-pigeon",null,null,"montane forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45448755","lotmop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotmop1","avibase-534A2A6A",null,null,"Mt. Mada, 3000 feet, Buru.","[Exhibition of six new species of birds from Buru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/553/mode/1up","Columba mada"],["2995","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Gymnophaps stalkeri","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.104","Seram Mountain Pigeon","Seram Mountain-Pigeon","Seram Mountain-pigeon",null,null,"montane forest of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45448758","lotmop2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotmop2","avibase-8A28C238",null,null,"Kanobi Mountains, 2500 feet, Ceram.","Description of two new species of birds from Ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/132/mode/1up","Columba stalkeri"],["2996","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ducula insignis [Hodgson, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Ducula"],["2997","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula finschii","(Ramsay, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.129","Finsch's Imperial Pigeon","Finsch's Imperial-Pigeon","Finsch's Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, and Umboi (west of New Britain), and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691729","fiipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fiipig1","avibase-CEA2177E",null,null,"No locality, apparently New Britain is intended.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/143/mode/1up","Carpophaga Finschii"],["2998","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula basilica","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1076","Cinnamon-bellied Imperial Pigeon","Cinnamon-bellied Imperial-Pigeon",null,"2025-0414","Taxon <em>obiensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ducula basilica</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences seem more consistent with subspecific differentiation; further evidence from genetics and vocalizations needed before making this split.","northern Moluccas",null,null,null,"cbipig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbipig2","avibase-9E62A587",null,null,"Gilolo (=Halmahera).","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1086/mode/1up","Ducula basilica"],["2999","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula basilica basilica","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1076",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Kasiruta, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FCE398B",null,null,"Gilolo (=Halmahera).","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1086/mode/1up","Ducula basilica"],["3000","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula basilica obiensis","(Hartert, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi Island (central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAC23740",null,null,"Obi, Mollucas","[Exhibition and description of three new Pigeons from the Island of Obi Major (or Obi), Moluccas].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/473/mode/1up","Carpophaga obiensis"],["3001","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula rufigaster","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.245","Purple-tailed Imperial Pigeon","Purple-tailed Imperial-Pigeon","Purple-tailed Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691724","ptipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ptipig1","avibase-18C4B783",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari] New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/303/mode/1up","Columba rufigaster"],["3002","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula rufigaster rufigaster","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"Bird's Head Peninsula, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), and southern New Guinea eastward to Orangerie Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40CA4AE1",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari] New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/303/mode/1up","Columba rufigaster"],["3003","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula rufigaster uropygialis","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (eastward to Huon Gulf), including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C700FE",null,null,"Ramu, New Guinea.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. III. Die Vögel von Japen (= Jobi).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/263/mode/1up","Ducula rufigaster uropygialis"],["3004","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula chalconota","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.87","Rufescent Imperial Pigeon","Rufescent Imperial-Pigeon","Shining Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691734","rufimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufimp1","avibase-1A397CE8",null,null,"Atam, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/101/mode/1up","Carpophaga chalconota"],["3005","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula chalconota chalconota","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head and Wandammen peninsulas, in northwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-600181BC",null,null,"Atam, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/101/mode/1up","Carpophaga chalconota"],["3006","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula chalconota smaragdina","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.706",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea (except Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BACF1585",null,null,"Ogeramnang [=Ogeramnung, Saruwaged Mountains], NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Ducula chalconota smaragdina"],["3007","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula cuprea","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12, no.28 p.12","Malabar Imperial Pigeon","Malabar Imperial-Pigeon","Nilgiri Imperial-pigeon","2025-0416","Taxon <em>cuprea </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ducula badia</em> (polytypic) based on eye color and small but consistent differences in vocalizations (Niranjana &amp; Praveen 2021).","southwestern India (Western Ghats from Goa to Kerala)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727864","mouimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouimp1","avibase-A938A06D",null,null,"Wynaad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176575#page/26/mode/1up","Carpophaga cuprea"],["3008","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula badia","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.317","Mountain Imperial Pigeon","Mountain Imperial-Pigeon","Mountain Imperial-pigeon","2025-0416","Taxon <em>cuprea </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ducula badia</em> (polytypic) based on eye color and small but consistent differences in vocalizations (Niranjana &amp; Praveen 2021).","lowland to montane evergreen and deciduous forest, from Nepal and northeastern India eastward through south-central China (including Hainan) and central Vietnam, and southward to Sumatra, Borneo, and western Java; seasonal altitudinal movements",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727856","moipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moipig1","avibase-16E10A30",null,null,"Sumatra = Benkulen, western Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/349/mode/1up","Columba badia"],["3009","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula badia insignis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.162 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills (western Nepal to Sikkim and Bhutan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E947588A",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/212/mode/1up","Ducula Insignis"],["3010","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula badia griseicapilla","Walden, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.16, no.93 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southwestern China (including Hainan) and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6286F162",null,null,"Karen Hills, between 4000 and 4200 feet.","XXVIII. Description of a new Species of Pigeon from the Karen Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81071#page/242/mode/1up","Ducula griseicapilla"],["3011","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula badia badia","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula and Mergui Archipelago to Sumatra, Borneo, and western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75762A0E",null,null,"Sumatra = Benkulen, western Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/349/mode/1up","Columba badia"],["3012","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula cineracea","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.95, vol.4 pl.563","Timor Imperial Pigeon","Timor Imperial-Pigeon","Timor Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Timor and Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691794","tiipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tiipig1","avibase-29227A7D",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/460/mode/1up","Columba cineracea"],["3013","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula lacernulata","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.28, vol.4 pl.164","Dark-backed Imperial Pigeon","Dark-backed Imperial-Pigeon","Dark-backed Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"montane Java, Bali, and Lombok to Flores (western and central Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691789","dbipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dbipig1","avibase-DE801C89",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/451/mode/1up","Columba lacernulata"],["3014","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula lacernulata lacernulata","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.28, vol.4 pl.164",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AC6BEA4",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/451/mode/1up","Columba lacernulata"],["3015","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula lacernulata williami","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7EE8D47",null,null,"Bali, between 2000 and 3000 feet.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/604/mode/1up","Carpophaga williami"],["3016","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula lacernulata sasakensis","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.564",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3B80E28",null,null,"Lombok, at 3000 feet.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/616/mode/1up","Carpophaga sasakensis"],["3017","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula carola","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1075","Spotted Imperial Pigeon","Spotted Imperial-Pigeon","Spotted Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Philippines (except East Visayas, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691634","spipig3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spipig3","avibase-0A96A8F5",null,null,"Philippine Islands.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1085/mode/1up","Ptilocolpa carola"],["3018","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula carola carola","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1075",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, and Sibuyan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC2D0664",null,null,"Philippine Islands.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1085/mode/1up","Ptilocolpa carola"],["3019","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula carola nigrorum","(Whitehead, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Negros and Siquijor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6A4911D",null,null,"Negros, Philippine Islands; the type is from Canloan Volcano.","[Description of a new Fruit-Pigeon from the highlands of Negros, Philippine Archipelago].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/394/mode/1up","Ptilocolpa nigrorum"],["3020","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula carola mindanensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33FF9C73",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 8000 feet, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","On new species from S.E. Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/40/mode/1up","Ptilocolpa mindanensis"],["3021","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula radiata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.244","Grey-headed Imperial Pigeon","Gray-headed Imperial-Pigeon","Grey-headed Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691629","gyhimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhimp1","avibase-C7729D54",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/302/mode/1up","Columba radiata"],["3022","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula mindorensis","(Whitehead, 1896)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.18, no.104 p.189","Mindoro Imperial Pigeon","Mindoro Imperial-Pigeon","Mindoro Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"highlands of Mindoro (central Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691622","miipig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miipig2","avibase-A9994B26",null,null,"Highlands of IMindoro.","XXX. Description of a new Species of Fruit-Pigeon from the Highlands of Mindoro, Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53362#page/201/mode/1up","Carpophaga mindorensis"],["3023","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula poliocephala","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.469 pl.119","Pink-bellied Imperial Pigeon","Pink-bellied Imperial-Pigeon","Pink-bellied Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"highlands of Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691611","pbipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pbipig1","avibase-31042F32",null,null,"No locality = Philippine Islands, ex G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, p. 6; type from near Manila, Luzon fide Hachisuka, Ois. et Rev. Franç. d'Orn., n.s., 1, 1931, p. 397-398.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/354/mode/1up","Carpophaga poliocephala"],["3024","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula forsteni","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1077","White-bellied Imperial Pigeon","White-bellied Imperial-Pigeon","White-bellied Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"mountains of Sulawesi and Sula Islands (Taliabu and Mangole)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691617","wbipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbipig1","avibase-E137A724",null,null,"northern part of Celebes","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1087/mode/1up","Hemiphaga forsteni"],["3025","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula zoeae","(Desmarest, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.314","Zoe's Imperial Pigeon","Zoe's Imperial-Pigeon","Zoe's Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"lowland forest of New Guinea and larger satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691775","zoeimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zoeimp1","avibase-7656697A",null,null,"'Dorery' [sic] [now Manokwari], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/320/mode/1up","Columba Zoeae"],["3026","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula latrans","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.200","Barking Imperial Pigeon","Barking Imperial-Pigeon","Barking Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"forest of larger Fiji islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691739","peipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peipig1","avibase-F834A4DD",null,null,"Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/220/mode/1up","Carpophaga latrans"],["3027","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula goliath","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.165 pl.155","Goliath Imperial Pigeon","New Caledonian Imperial-Pigeon","New Caledonian Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"montane forest of New Caledonia and Île des Pins",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691754","ncipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ncipig1","avibase-C9742D0B",null,null,"Isle of Pines.","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/227/mode/1up","Carpophaga (Phaenorhina) goliath"],["3028","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula melanochroa","(Sclater, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.672 pl.42","Black Imperial Pigeon","Bismarck Imperial-Pigeon","Bismarck Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691765","biipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biipig1","avibase-231207AB",null,null,"Duke of York Group.","On a third Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., in the Duke-of-York Group of Islands and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/266/mode/1up","Carpophaga melanochroa"],["3029","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula bakeri","(Kinnear, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.56","Vanuatu Imperial Pigeon","Vanuatu Imperial-Pigeon","Vanuatu Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Banks Group and northern Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691749","baipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baipig1","avibase-E5C4225B",null,null,"Betap, 3500 feet, western Santo, New Hebrides.","Exhibition and description of a new Pigeon from Santo Island, New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/94/mode/1up","Muscadivora bakeri"],["3030","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pinon","(Gaimard, 1823)","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 3 p.52","Pinon's Imperial Pigeon","Pinon's Imperial-Pigeon","Pinon's Imperial-pigeon","2025-0415","Taxon <em>salvadorii </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ducula pinon </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Morphological differences among the three forms—nominate <em>pinon</em>, <em>jobiensis </em>and <em>salvadorii</em>—are of the same order, <em>pinon </em>and <em>jobiensis </em>intergrade broadly where they meet, and there is no evidence of vocal differentiation within the complex.","New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691760","piipig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piipig2","avibase-1E6361D1",null,null,"Rawak I. (off Waigeo I., Raja Ampat Islands archipelago, West Papua).","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d’oiseaux. Mém. lu à la Soc. d’hist. nat. de Paris, le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre corresp. de cette Soc., etc.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25872#page/58/mode/1up","Columba pinon"],["3031","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pinon pinon","(Gaimard, 1823)","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 3 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"from Bird's Head Peninsula eastward across southern New Guinea to lowlands south of the Huon Gulf; intergrades with jobiensis around Bird's Neck in the west, and on the southeastern peninsula; also Raja Ampat Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7297A65",null,null,"Rawak I. (off Waigeo I., Raja Ampat Islands archipelago, West Papua).","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d’oiseaux. Mém. lu à la Soc. d’hist. nat. de Paris, le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre corresp. de cette Soc., etc.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25872#page/58/mode/1up","Columba pinon"],["3032","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pinon jobiensis","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea eastward to the Huon Gulf and offshore islands, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea); intergrades with pinon around Bird's Neck in the west and on the southeastern peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCC778F8",null,null,"Jobi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/38/mode/1up","Carpophaga pinon jobiensis"],["3033","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pinon salvadorii","(Tristram, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.4 p.996",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32DCE1CF",null,null,"St. Aignan, Louisiade Archipelago.","Description of a new Fruit-pigeon of the Genus Carpophaga from the Louisiade Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/1170/mode/1up","Carpophaga salvadorii"],["3034","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula mullerii","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.4 pl.566","Collared Imperial Pigeon","Collared Imperial-Pigeon","Collared Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691770","coipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coipig1","avibase-03BCD297",null,null,"Dourga River [at Princess Marianne Strait], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/443/mode/1up","Columba mullerii"],["3035","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula brenchleyi","(Gray, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.29 p.328","Chestnut-bellied Imperial Pigeon","Chestnut-bellied Imperial-Pigeon","Chestnut-bellied Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Makira (Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691744","cbipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbipig1","avibase-C7FDE047",null,null,"Wanga, Island of San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/342/mode/1up","Carpophaga Brenchleyi"],["3036","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula luctuosa","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.42, vol.4 pl.247","Silver-tipped Imperial Pigeon","Silver-tipped Imperial-Pigeon","White Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Sulawesi subregion and Sula Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691807","whiimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiimp1","avibase-86B2EAA5",null,null,"Several islands in the Moluccan Archipelago, error = Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/439/mode/1up","Columba luctuosa"],["3037","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula bicolor","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94","Pied Imperial Pigeon","Pied Imperial-Pigeon","Pied Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Andaman Islands and coastal southeastern Asia through Indonesia to Philippines and western New Guinea, including western Papuan islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691799","piipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piipig1","avibase-61DC1C21",null,null,"'Nova Guiana' i. e. New Guinea.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba bicolor"],["3038","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula spilorrhoa","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.186,196","Torresian Imperial Pigeon","Torresian Imperial-Pigeon","Torresian Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and adjacent islands, and northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia eastward to east-central Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733554","torimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/torimp1","avibase-A251CB8F",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/252/mode/1up","Carpophaga spilorrhoa"],["3039","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula subflavescens","(Finsch, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.13 p.2","Yellowish Imperial Pigeon","Yellowish Imperial-Pigeon","Yellowish Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago including Admiralty Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691828","torimp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/torimp2","avibase-E3B13C16",null,null,"'Extreme north corner of New Ireland.'","On two new Species of Birds from New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/36/mode/1up","Carpophaga subflavescens"],["3040","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula rosacea","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.4 pl.578","Pink-headed Imperial Pigeon","Pink-headed Imperial-Pigeon","Pink-headed Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Lesser Sundas and islands in Flores Sea and Java Seas",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691705","phipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phipig1","avibase-EED4B6F5",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/447/mode/1up","Columba rosacea"],["3041","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula whartoni","(Sharpe, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3, no.34 p.515 pl.43","Christmas Imperial Pigeon","Christmas Island Imperial-Pigeon","Christmas Island Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691699","ciipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciipig1","avibase-DDC4CBBB",null,null,"Christmas Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/637/mode/1up","Carpophaga whartoni"],["3042","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pickeringii","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.6 p.228","Grey Imperial Pigeon","Gray Imperial-Pigeon","Grey Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"islands off northeastern Borneo, Talaud Islands, Miangas Island, and Sulu Sea islets (far southwestern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691710","gryimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryimp1","avibase-9EC10FC3",null,null,"'Mangsi, Sooloo Islands' = Mangsi Islet, off the northern tip of Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/251/mode/1up","Carpophaga Pickeringii"],["3043","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pistrinaria","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 2 p.36","Island Imperial Pigeon","Island Imperial-Pigeon","Island Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"islands north and east of New Guinea to Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691694","isipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isipig1","avibase-FF2005EB",null,null,"St. George, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20601#page/46/mode/1up","Ducula pistrinaria"],["3044","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pistrinaria rhodinolaema","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.555",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands and New Hanover (western and north-central Bismarck Archipelago), and small islands off northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A6E7459",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/229/mode/1up","Carpophaga rhodinolaema"],["3045","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pistrinaria vanwyckii","(Cassin, 1862)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland, Witu, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96EDF42D",null,null,"New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18281#page/332/mode/1up","Carpophaga Van Wyckii"],["3046","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pistrinaria postrema","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Amphlett Group), Woodlark Group (Egum Atoll and Alcester Island), and Deboyne Islands, Misima, and Bramble Haven (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7523A98E",null,null,"Egum, east of the D'Entrecasteaux Group.","On the Birds of Feni and Nissan Islands, east of south New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/55/mode/1up","Ducula pistrinaria postrema"],["3047","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pistrinaria pistrinaria","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 2 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Lihir Islands (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago) and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90AB2E25",null,null,"St. George, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20601#page/46/mode/1up","Ducula pistrinaria"],["3048","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula concinna","(Wallace, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.4 p.383","Elegant Imperial Pigeon","Elegant Imperial-Pigeon","Blue-tailed Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"small islands of Wallacea, including Sangihe and Talaud islands, islands off southern Sulawesi, southern Moluccas (including Banda, Manuk, and Kai islands), eastern Lesser Sundas (Romang to Tanimbar Islands) eastward to Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and islands off Bomberai Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691653","elipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elipig1","avibase-D3D367E9",null,null,"Matabello, Sangir Islands, error = Watubela Island.","On the Pigeons of the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/419/mode/1up","Carpophaga concinna"],["3049","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula perspicillata","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.42, vol.4 pl.246","Spectacled Imperial Pigeon","Spectacled Imperial-Pigeon","Spectacled Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"northern Moluccas and Kofiau (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45447765","wheimp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wheimp2","avibase-1F49D2C5",null,null,"Philippines and some islands in the Moluccas, restricted type locality, Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/427/mode/1up","Columba perspicillata"],["3050","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula neglecta","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.195,344","Seram Imperial Pigeon","Seram Imperial-Pigeon","Seram Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"southern Moluccas (Boano, Seram, Ambon, and Saparua)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45447768","wheimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wheimp1","avibase-E80F617D",null,null,"Ceram, Amboina and Buano.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/209/mode/1up","Carpophaga neglecta"],["3051","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula oenothorax","(Salvadori, 1892)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.139","Enggano Imperial Pigeon","Enggano Imperial-Pigeon","Enggano Imperial-pigeon","2025-0412","Taxon <em>oenothorax </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ducula aenea</em> (polytypic) based on plumage differences. Further research, including genetics and vocalizations, is needed to determine species limits within<em> D. aenea</em>,<em> </em>as the distinctive taxon <em>paulina </em>may also warrant species status.","Enggano Island (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725573","grnimp5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnimp5","avibase-16485EEB",null,null,"Kija-juc, Enggano Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/147/mode/1up","Carpophaga oenothorax"],["3052","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula nicobarica","(Pelzeln, 1865)","Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil Bd.1 Vogel p.105","Nicobar Imperial Pigeon","Nicobar Imperial-Pigeon","Nicobar Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200093329","grnimp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnimp2","avibase-2EB3A410",null,null,"Nicobars.",null,null,"Carpophaga aenea var. nicobarica"],["3053","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283","Green Imperial Pigeon","Green Imperial-Pigeon","Green Imperial-pigeon","2025-0412","Taxon <em>oenothorax </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ducula aenea</em> (polytypic) based on plumage differences. Further research, including genetics and vocalizations, is needed to determine species limits within<em> D. aenea</em>,<em> </em>as the distinctive taxon <em>paulina </em>may also warrant species status.","western, southern, and eastern India, and Sri Lanka, eastward to southern China, Indochina, but absent from much of Thailand, and southward through the Malayan Peninsula, thence through the Greater Sundas and Borneo, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sundas eastward to Alor, and throughout Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200094385","gripig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gripig1","avibase-579C780F",null,null,"'in Moluccis'; error = Flores, designated by Hartert and Goodson, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 346.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba aenea"],["3054","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea sylvatica","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central India from northern West Bengal eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), southern Thailand, southern Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A29A12F7",null,null,"Jungles of Borabhum and Dholbhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/639/mode/1up","Columba Sylvatica"],["3055","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea pusilla","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.816",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEE9CB9F",null,null,"Nilgiris.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/180/mode/1up","Carpophaga pusilla"],["3056","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea andamanica","Abdulali, 1964","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 61 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE45CFCA",null,null,"Betapur, Middle Andamans [=Betapur, Middle Andaman Island.]","Four new races of birds from the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186236#page/486/mode/1up","Ducula aenea andamanica"],["3057","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea consobrina","(Salvadori, 1887)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.558",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off western Sumatra (Simeulue southward to the Mentawai Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2D888B1",null,null,"G. Sitoli, Nias Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/580/mode/1up","Carpophaga consobrina"],["3058","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea polia","(Oberholser, 1917)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Thai-Malay Peninsula and Greater and Lesser Sundas (Lombok eastward to Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A740E6F2",null,null,"Pulo Siantan, Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/34/mode/1up","Muscadivores aeneus polius"],["3059","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea palawanensis","(Blasius, 1888)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 4 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan, adjacent southern Philippines, and Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4905A56",null,null,"Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35646#page/326/mode/1up","Carpophaga aenea (Linn.) nov. var. palawanensis"],["3060","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea fugaensis","(Hachisuka, 1930)","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines no.2 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Calayan, Camiguin Norte, and Fuga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FC281ED",null,null,"Fuga Island, Philippines.",null,null,"Muscadivores aenea fugaensis"],["3061","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea nuchalis","(Cabanis, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.157 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B76F363",null,null,"Luzon, Philippine Islands","Bericht über die Januar-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/138/mode/1up","Carpophaga nuchalis"],["3062","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea aenea","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (except for northern Luzon and associated islands and the southwestern islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBE65832",null,null,"'in Moluccis'; error = Flores, designated by Hartert and Goodson, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 346.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba aenea"],["3063","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea intermedia","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.3 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe and Talaud islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF32B01F",null,null,"Kabruang, Talaut Islands.","Ueber eine erste Sammlung von Vögeln von den Talaut Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/259/mode/1up","Carpophaga intermedia"],["3064","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aenea paulina","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1076",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and associated islands, including Togian, Banggai, and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D6A0BB",null,null,"Celebes.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1086/mode/1up","Ducula paulina"],["3065","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula rubricera","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1073","Red-knobbed Imperial Pigeon","Red-knobbed Imperial-Pigeon","Red-knobbed Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691680","rkipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rkipig1","avibase-D03EA6BA",null,null,"New Ireland.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1083/mode/1up","Globicera rubricera"],["3066","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula rubricera rubricera","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1073",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-392D00F4",null,null,"New Ireland.","Coup d'Oeil sur les Pigeons (deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/1083/mode/1up","Globicera rubricera"],["3067","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula rubricera rufigula","(Salvadori, 1878)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 13, 1878 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"Solomon Archipelago (except Rennell)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F54EC88",null,null,"Wanga, San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=KHBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA536","Carpophaga rufigula"],["3068","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula myristicivora","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94","Spice Imperial Pigeon","Spice Imperial-Pigeon","Spice Imperial-pigeon","2025-0413","Taxon <em>geelvinkiana </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ducula myristicivora</em> (monotypic) based on morphological (size, bill knob, eye color, and plumage) and vocal differences, following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016).","Widi Island (off Halmahera) and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728096","spipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spipig1","avibase-83E8AEB2",null,null,"New Guinea, ex Sonnerat, pl. 103.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba myristicivora"],["3069","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula geelvinkiana","(Schlegel, 1873)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.10 AvesColumbae, no.35 p.86,87","Geelvink Imperial Pigeon","Geelvink Imperial-Pigeon","Geelvink Imperial-pigeon","2025-0413","Taxon <em>geelvinkiana </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ducula myristicivora</em> (monotypic) based on morphological (size, bill knob, eye color, and plumage) and vocal differences, following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016).","Numfor, Biak, and Mios Num (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728104","spiimp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spiimp2","avibase-5866B8A1",null,null,"Islands in Geelvink Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93242#page/96/mode/1up","Carpophaga geelvinkiana"],["3070","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula galeata","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.1110","Nuku Hiva Imperial Pigeon","Nuku Hiva Imperial-Pigeon","Nuku Hiva Imperial Pigeon",null,null,"mainly native forest on Nuku Hiva (northern Marquesas); reintroduced to Ua Huka where status unclear; formerly more widespread in Marquesas Islands and prehistorically in Cook and Society islands",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691674","marimp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marimp1","avibase-2B8F92F2",null,null,"Western part of the Island of Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.","Note sur les Oiseaux des îles Marquises, et particulièrement sur le genre nouveau SERRESIUS.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/1120/mode/1up","Serresius galeatus"],["3071","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pacifica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.777","Pacific Imperial Pigeon","Pacific Imperial-Pigeon","Pacific Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"islands north and southeast of New Guinea, and Bismarck Archipelago to Cook Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691658","paipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paipig1","avibase-2081777C",null,null,"'Insulis amicis' = Tonga Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/278/mode/1up","Columba pacifica"],["3072","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pacifica sejuncta","Amadon, 1943","American Museum Novitates no.1237 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"small islands off northern New Guinea, Ninigo Group, and Hermit Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A21E5063",null,null,"Loof Is., Hermit Group, Bismarck Archipelago; May 24, 1934; Whitney South Sea Expedition (W. F. Coultas)","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 52, Notes on some non-passerine genera. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4802/","Ducula pacifica sejuncta"],["3073","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula pacifica pacifica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.777",null,null,null,null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea) to Solomon Archipelago, Tonga, Samoa, Niue, and Cook Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F166F08",null,null,"'Insulis amicis' = Tonga Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/278/mode/1up","Columba pacifica"],["3074","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula aurorae","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.201","Polynesian Imperial Pigeon","Polynesian Imperial-Pigeon","Polynesian Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"now only Makatea (western Tuamotu Archipelago); formerly also Niau (Tuamotus), and Tahiti (Windward Society Islands), possibly also Moorea",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691668","poipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/poipig1","avibase-ED21D49D",null,null,"Aurora [now Makatea] Island, Tuamotu Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/221/mode/1up","Carpophaga aurorae"],["3075","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula oceanica","(Desmarest, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.316","Micronesian Imperial Pigeon","Micronesian Imperial-Pigeon","Micronesian Imperial-pigeon",null,null,"Palau, Yap (where perhaps introduced) and Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae (Caroline Islands, western and central Micronesia) and Marshall Islands (eastern Micronesia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691663","miipig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miipig1","avibase-069F34CF",null,null,"Kusaie, Caroline Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/322/mode/1up","Columba oceanica"],["3076","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula oceanica monacha","(Momiyama, 1922)","Birds of Micronesia p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau and Yap (western Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3B0F1CB",null,null,"Yap, Caroline Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/22/mode/1up","Globicera oceanica monacha"],["3077","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula oceanica teraokai","(Momiyama, 1922)","Birds of Micronesia p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Chuuk (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-836282FB",null,null,"Ruk, Caroline Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/20/mode/1up","Globicera oceanica teraokai"],["3078","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula oceanica townsendi","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Pohnpei (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC50AC66",null,null,"Ponape, Caroline Islands [Pohnpei, Fed. State of Micronesia]","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/205/mode/1up","Globicera oceanica townsendi"],["3079","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula oceanica oceanica","(Desmarest, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Kosrae (eastern Caroline Islands) and western Marshall Islands (Ailinglaplap and Jaluit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63E3049E",null,null,"Kusaie, Caroline Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/322/mode/1up","Columba oceanica"],["3080","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ducula oceanica ratakensis","(Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1932)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 44 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Marshall Islands (Wotje, Ailinglaplap, Arno, and Jaluit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9F1BA9E",null,null,"Arhno, Ratak Group, Marshall Islands.","Further notes on the Birds of the South Sea Islands.",null,"Globicera oceanica ratakensis"],["3081","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xxvi",null,null,null,"2025-0422","Four genera are recognized within the broad <em>Ptilinopus </em>group: <em>Megaloprepia; Ramphiculus; Alectroenas; </em>and <em>Ptilinopus </em>(including <em>Chrysoena </em>and <em>Drepanoptila</em>). This conservative arrangement is most consistent with the combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data in Cibois et al. (2014).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Columba magnifica [Temminck]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/94/mode/1up","Megaloprepia"],["3082","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia formosa","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.360","Scarlet-breasted Fruit Dove","Scarlet-breasted Fruit-Dove","Scarlet-breasted Fruit-dove",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, and Bacan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691362","sbfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbfdov1","avibase-58064CF2",null,null,"Halmahera.","List of birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with description of new species","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/458/mode/1up","Carpophaga (Megaloprepia) formosa"],["3083","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia formosa micra","Jany, 1955","Journal für Ornithologie 96, no.1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi (north-central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E67DDF7",null,null,"Obi Island, North Moluccas","Neue Vogel-formen von den Nord-Molukken.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01961176","Megaloprepia formosa micra"],["3084","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia formosa formosa","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2199AD2",null,null,"Halmahera.","List of birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with description of new species","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/458/mode/1up","Carpophaga (Megaloprepia) formosa"],["3085","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia magnifica","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.125","Wompoo Fruit Dove","Wompoo Fruit-Dove","Wompoo Fruit-dove",null,null,"New Guinea and some satellite islands, and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691367","wofdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wofdov1","avibase-1A279952",null,null,"East coast of Australia opposite the five islands near Red Point = Red Point, south of Wollongong, New South Wales.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/141/mode/1up","Columba magnifica"],["3086","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia magnifica puella","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 10 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,"western Papuan islands and western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C881F426",null,null,"Port Praslin [error] and Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.","280. Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux recueillies par MM. Lesson & Garnot. (Voy. le Bulletin de janvier, no. 122.). Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/408/mode/1up","Columba puella"],["3087","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia magnifica poliura","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.426,427",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, south-central, and southeastern New Guinea and many associated islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0435963",null,null,"Mount Epa in southeastern New Guinea and Jobi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/440/mode/1up","Megaloprepia poliura"],["3088","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia magnifica assimilis","(Gould, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AA5EB39",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.","A brief Account of the Researches in Natural History of John M'Gillivray, Esq., the naturalist attached to H. M. surveying Ship the Rattlesnake, on the North-eastern Coasts of Australia, New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/167/mode/1up","Carpophaga assimilis"],["3089","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia magnifica keri","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region southward to Clarke Range, northeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A8A797C",null,null,"Bellenden Ker, North Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/208/mode/1up","Megaloprepia magnifica keri"],["3090","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Megaloprepia magnifica magnifica","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (central eastern Queensland southward to east-central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5D0E541",null,null,"East coast of Australia opposite the five islands near Red Point = Red Point, south of Wollongong, New South Wales.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/141/mode/1up","Columba magnifica"],["3091","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.878",null,null,null,"2025-0422","Four genera are recognized within the broad <em>Ptilinopus </em>group: <em>Megaloprepia; Ramphiculus; Alectroenas; </em>and <em>Ptilinopus </em>(including <em>Chrysoena </em>and <em>Drepanoptila</em>). This conservative arrangement is most consistent with the combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data in Cibois et al. (2014).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilonopus occipitalis [Gray, GR, 1844]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/888/mode/1up","Ramphiculus"],["3092","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus marchei","(Oustalet, 1880)","Le Naturaliste 1 p.325","Flame-breasted Fruit Dove","Flame-breasted Fruit-Dove","Flame-breasted Fruit-dove",null,null,"montane forest of Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691317","fbfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fbfdov1","avibase-96974565",null,null,"Luzon, type from a mountain northeast of Bayabas.","Description de deux oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105816#page/325/mode/1up","Ptilopus (Rhamphiculus) Marchei"],["3093","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus merrilli","(McGregor, 1916)","The Philippine Journal of Science 11 sect.D p.269 fig.1","Cream-bellied Fruit Dove","Cream-bellied Fruit-Dove","Cream-bellied Fruit-dove",null,null,"Luzon group (northern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691322","crbfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbfrd1","avibase-EE491959",null,null,"Sarai Barrio, Paete, Laguna Province, Luzon.","New or noteworthy Philippine birds, 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110844#page/307/mode/1up","Leucotreron merrilli"],["3094","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus merrilli faustinoi","(Manuel, 1936)","The Philippine Journal of Science 59 p.307 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon from Mt. Tabuan, in Cagayan Province, southward to Quirino (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D3E58B",null,null,"Mt. Tabuan at about 1000 meters, Cagayan Province, Luzon, Philippines","New Philippine Fruit Pigeons.","https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf_upload/pjs1936/PJS_Vol_59_No2_Feb_1936.pdf#page=150","Neoleucotreron merrilli faustinoi"],["3095","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus merrilli merrilli","(McGregor, 1916)","The Philippine Journal of Science 11 sect.D p.269 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern and southern Luzon, Polillo, and Catanduanes (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-532CB07A",null,null,"Sarai Barrio, Paete, Laguna Province, Luzon.","New or noteworthy Philippine birds, 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110844#page/307/mode/1up","Leucotreron merrilli"],["3096","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus occipitalis","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2., pt.4 p.467 pl.118","Yellow-breasted Fruit Dove","Yellow-breasted Fruit-Dove","Yellow-breasted Fruit-dove",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691327","ybfdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ybfdov2","avibase-23DE9E3D",null,null,"No locality = Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/350/mode/1up","Ptilonopus occipitalis"],["3097","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus occipitalis occipitalis","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2., pt.4 p.467 pl.118",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of northern and central Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77552524",null,null,"No locality = Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/350/mode/1up","Ptilonopus occipitalis"],["3098","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus occipitalis incognitus","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.538",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Mindanao (southeastern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3A99841",null,null,"Butuan, Mindanao; type a juv.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/552/mode/1up","Ptilopus ? incognita"],["3099","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus fischeri","(Brüggemann, 1876)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.82 pl.4","Red-eared Fruit Dove","Red-eared Fruit-Dove","Red-eared Fruit-dove","2025-0418","Taxon <em>meridionalis </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ramphiculus fischeri</em> (polytypic) based on evidence of clinality in plumage traits and intermediacy of the form <em>centralis</em>.","montane Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691332","refdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refdov1","avibase-C7741CED",null,null,"Near Manado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/90/mode/1up","Ptilinopus Fischeri"],["3100","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus fischeri fischeri","(Brüggemann, 1876)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.82 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5740DAF9",null,null,"Near Manado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/90/mode/1up","Ptilinopus Fischeri"],["3101","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus fischeri centralis","(Meyer, 1903)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.4 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central and southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB740D4D",null,null,"Poanaa Mountains, Celebes.","Neue Vögel von Celébes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37388#page/230/mode/1up","Ptilopus centralis"],["3102","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus fischeri meridionalis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sulawesi (Lompobattang Massif)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E41C677F",null,null,"Near Macassar, Celebes.","Leucotreron fischeri meridionalis n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/26/mode/1up","Leucotreron fischeri meridionalis"],["3103","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus jambu","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.784","Jambu Fruit Dove","Jambu Fruit-Dove","Jambu Fruit-dove",null,null,"peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and western Java",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691341","jafdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jafdov1","avibase-8416E781",null,null,"Java = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/285/mode/1up","Columba Jambu"],["3104","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus leclancheri","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.247","Black-chinned Fruit Dove","Black-chinned Fruit-Dove","Black-chinned Fruit-dove",null,null,"Philippines and Taiwan including Lan-yü Island (just off southeastern Taiwan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691346","bcfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcfdov1","avibase-E71B6E82",null,null,"New Guinea, error = Philippine Islands.","Notices ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/257/mode/1up","Trerolaema leclancheri"],["3105","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus leclancheri taiwanus","(Ripley, 1962)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan (where perhaps only a visitor), Batan, Calayan, and Camiguin Norte islands (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F237DC46",null,null,"K'en-ting, P'ing-tung, Formosa, 250 m [=Taiwan]","A new subspecies of the Black-chinned Fruit Pigeon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107533#page/695/mode/1up","Ptilinopus leclancheri taiwanus"],["3106","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus leclancheri longialis","(Manuel, 1936)","The Philippine Journal of Science 59 sect.D p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"Lan-yü Island (just south of Taiwan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BE20594",null,null,"Batan Island, Philippines","New Philippine Fruit Pigeons.","https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf_upload/pjs1936/PJS_Vol_59_No2_Feb_1936.pdf#page=150","Leucotreron leclancheri longialis"],["3107","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus leclancheri leclancheri","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan, Basilan, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4882A15D",null,null,"New Guinea, error = Philippine Islands.","Notices ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/257/mode/1up","Trerolaema leclancheri"],["3108","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus leclancheri gironieri","(Verreaux & des Murs, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.342 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-308934ED",null,null,"Tallawan, i.e. Palawan.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Pigeon du genre Leucotreron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/386/mode/1up","Leucotreron gironieri"],["3109","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus gularis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.247, pl. Atlas, Ois., 29","Oberholser's Fruit Dove","Maroon-chinned Fruit-Dove","Maroon-chinned Fruit-dove",null,null,"lowland forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725071","macfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macfrd1","avibase-595C339A",null,null,"Manado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/305/mode/1up","Columba gularis"],["3110","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus subgularis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.2 p.19-20","Banggai Fruit Dove","Banggai Fruit-Dove","Banggai Fruit-dove",null,null,"Peleng and Banggai, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728146","macfrd3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macfrd3","avibase-E5F5E7D2",null,null,"Peling and Banggai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/53/mode/1up","Ptilopus subgularis"],["3111","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ramphiculus mangoliensis","(Rothschild, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.34","Sula Fruit Dove","Sula Fruit-Dove","Sula Fruit-dove",null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, and Mangole)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725080","macfrd2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macfrd2","avibase-401E8718",null,null,"Sula Mangoli, Sula Islands, Moluccas","[Exhibition of three new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/472/mode/1up","Ptilinopus mangoliensis"],["3112","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Alectroenas","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.58",null,null,null,"2025-0422","Four genera are recognized within the broad <em>Ptilinopus </em>group: <em>Megaloprepia; Ramphiculus; Alectroenas; </em>and <em>Ptilinopus </em>(including <em>Chrysoena </em>and <em>Drepanoptila</em>). This conservative arrangement is most consistent with the combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data in Cibois et al. (2014).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alectroenas franciae [Latham]; type by original designation = Columba nitidissima Scopoli, 1786",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/72/mode/1up","Alectroenas"],["3113","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Alectroenas nitidissimus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93","Mauritius Blue Pigeon","Mauritius Blue-Pigeon","Mauritius Blue-pigeon",null,null,"formerly Mauritius; extinct, last reported 1840","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691601","mabpig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabpig2","avibase-BE8566B0",null,null,"Ile de France, i.e. Mauritius.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba nitidissima"],["3114","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Alectroenas madagascariensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283","Madagascar Blue Pigeon","Madagascar Blue-Pigeon","Madagascar Blue-pigeon",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691588","mabpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabpig1","avibase-F87511B3",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba madagascariensis"],["3115","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Alectroenas pulcherrimus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94","Seychelles Blue Pigeon","Seychelles Blue-Pigeon","Seychelles Blue-pigeon",null,null,"Seychelles (Praslin, Mahé, Felicité, and Silhouette)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691605","sebpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sebpig1","avibase-576B77A3",null,null,"Antigoa, Island of Panay, Philippines ex Sonnerat, error = Seychelles.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Columba pulcherrima"],["3116","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Alectroenas sganzini","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.880","Comoro Blue Pigeon","Comoro Blue-Pigeon","Comoro Blue-pigeon",null,null,"Comoros and Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691594","cobpig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cobpig1","avibase-E396A643",null,null,"Madagascar, error = Comoro Islands.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/890/mode/1up","Funingus sganzini"],["3117","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Alectroenas sganzini minor","Berlepsch, 1898","Abhandlungen, herausgegebender von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 21 Heft3 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B451A54D",null,null,"Aldabra Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85045#page/531/mode/1up","Alectroenas sganzini minor"],["3118","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Alectroenas sganzini sganzini","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.880",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros (Grand Comoro, Anjouan, and Mayotte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4702412A",null,null,"Madagascar, error = Comoro Islands.","Coup d'Oeil sur l'ordre des Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21179#page/890/mode/1up","Funingus sganzini"],["3119","genus","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.473",null,null,null,"2025-0422","Four genera are recognized within the broad <em>Ptilinopus </em>group: <em>Megaloprepia; Ramphiculus; Alectroenas; </em>and <em>Ptilinopus </em>(including <em>Chrysoena </em>and <em>Drepanoptila</em>). This conservative arrangement is most consistent with the combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data in Cibois et al. (2014).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilinopus regina [Swainson, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/505/mode/1up","Ptilinopus"],["3120","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus victor","(Gould, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.3 p.642","Orange Dove","Orange Dove","Orange Dove",null,null,"north-central Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691573","oradov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oradov1","avibase-6A9470B3",null,null,"Bua, Fiji Islands, i.e. = M'Bua in southwestern part of VanuaLevu.","Description of a new Species of Fruit-Pigeon from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/772/mode/1up","Chrysoena victor"],["3121","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus victor victor","(Gould, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.3 p.642",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Fiji (Vanua Levu, Rabi, Kioa, and Taveuni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF43E975",null,null,"Bua, Fiji Islands, i.e. = M'Bua in southwestern part of VanuaLevu.","Description of a new Species of Fruit-Pigeon from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/772/mode/1up","Chrysoena victor"],["3122","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus victor aureus","Amadon, 1943","American Museum Novitates no.1237 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Fiji (Qamea and Laucala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55EFF5FC",null,null,"Ngamea, Fiji Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 52, Notes on some non-passerine genera. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4802/","Ptilinopus victor aureus"],["3123","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus luteovirens","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.315","Golden Dove","Golden Dove","Golden Dove",null,null,"western Fiji (Waya Group, Viti Levu, Beqa, Ovalau, and Gau)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691577","goldov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goldov1","avibase-79FF7D13",null,null,"Les Îles Viti. A été tué à Balaou [= Ovalau], Fiji Islands.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/323/mode/1up","Columba luteovirens"],["3124","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus layardi","Elliot, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.567","Whistling Dove","Whistling Dove","Whistling Dove",null,null,"southwestern Fiji (Kadavu and Ono)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691581","veldov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/veldov1","avibase-457D9C38",null,null,"Kandavu, Fiji Islands","On the Fruit-Pigeons of the Genus Ptilopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/145/mode/1up","Ptilinopus layardi"],["3125","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus arcanus","Ripley & Rabor, 1955","Postilla no.21 p.1","Negros Fruit Dove","Negros Fruit-Dove","Negros Fruit-dove",null,null,"Negros (known only from a 1953 specimen from Mount Canlaon; west-central Philippines)","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691568","nefdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nefdov1","avibase-15C0303A",null,null,"Pula (Pulopantao), Mount Canlaon, Negros Island, Philippine Islands","A new Fruit Pigeon from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/211/mode/1up","Ptilinopus arcanus"],["3126","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus melanospilus","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.670","Black-naped Fruit Dove","Black-naped Fruit-Dove","Black-naped Fruit-dove",null,null,"Java region, western and central Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi region, and southern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691558","bknfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bknfrd1","avibase-0DF234C1",null,null,"Menado and Kandari, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/676/mode/1up","Jotreron melanospila"],["3127","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus melanospilus bangueyensis","Meyer, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.41,70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines and islands off northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EEDCDBE",null,null,"Banguey Islands, North Borneo.","Ueber einige Tauben von Borneo und den Philippinen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/53/mode/1up","Ptilopus bangueyensis"],["3128","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus melanospilus xanthorrhous","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.671",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands, Sangihe Islands (Sulawesi) and Doi Island (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EABA7FDC",null,null,"Sangir Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/677/mode/1up","Jotreron xanthorrhoa"],["3129","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus melanospilus melanospilus","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.670",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, Talisei, Bangka, Lembeh, and Togian islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97A4F19E",null,null,"Menado and Kandari, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/676/mode/1up","Jotreron melanospila"],["3130","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus melanospilus chrysorrhous","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.671",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and southern Moluccas (Obi and Seram)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32F0AA3D",null,null,"Sula and Ceram Islands",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/677/mode/1up","Jotreron chrysorrhoa"],["3131","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus melanospilus melanauchen","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.671",null,null,null,null,null,"Matasiri Island, Java, Lesser Sundas, and islands south of Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36773F71",null,null,"Flores Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/677/mode/1up","Jotreron melanauchen"],["3132","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus holosericeus","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.73, pl.32","Cloven-feathered Dove","Cloven-feathered Dove","Cloven-feathered Dove","2026-001","There were a small number of errors in version 2025 that were reported in our 2025 errata https://www.avilist.org/checklist/errata/ but affected core taxonomic fields (and thus were not corrected in v2025b). These corrections are as follows: 1) Cloven-feathered Dove is corrected from <em>Ptilinopus holosericea</em> to <em>Ptilinopus holosericeus</em>; 2) White-bellied Goshawk is corrected from <em>Tachyspiza haplochrous</em> to <em>Tachyspiza haplochroa</em>; 3) Little Lorikeet <em>Parvipsitta pusilla</em> and Purple-crowned Lorikeet <em>Parvipsitta porphyrocephala</em> are moved to genus <em>Psitteuteles</em>, thus removing <em>Parvipsitta</em> from the checklist; 4) the English names for seven species of Island Thrush are corrected as follows: <em>Turdus nigrorum</em> is changed from Negros Island Thrush to Mindanao Island Thrush; <em>Turdus schlegelii</em> is changed from Sulawesi Island Thrush to Wallacean Island Thrush; <em>Turdus javanicus</em> is changed from Sunda Island Thrush to Sundaic Island Thrush; <em>Turdus deningeri</em> is changed from Sula Island Thrush to Moluccan Island Thrush; <em>Turdus kulambangrae</em> is changed from Guadalcanal Island Thrush to Solomons Island Thrush; <em>Turdus vanikorensis</em> is changed from Vanuatu Island Thrush to Vanikoro Island Thrush; <em>Turdus pritzbueri</em> is changed from Loyalty Island Thrush to White-headed Island Thrush.","New Caledonia and Île des Pins",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691585","clfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clfdov1","avibase-91E82CA2",null,null,"Sandwich Island, error = New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/209/mode/1up","Columba Holosericea"],["3133","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus nainus","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.95, vol.4 pl.565","Dwarf Fruit Dove","Dwarf Fruit-Dove","Dwarf Fruit-dove",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea (except for northwestern New Guinea and north coast of southeastern New Guinea), also Raja Ampat islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691554","dwafrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwafrd1","avibase-46E62FF6",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/516/mode/1up","Columba naina"],["3134","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus porphyreus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.18, vol.4 pl.106","Pink-headed Fruit Dove","Pink-headed Fruit-Dove","Pink-headed Fruit-dove",null,null,"montane forest of southern Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691297","phfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phfdov1","avibase-367BB605",null,null,"Sunda Islands and the Moluccas = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/495/mode/1up","Columba porphyrea"],["3135","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus dohertyi","Rothschild, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.46","Red-naped Fruit Dove","Red-naped Fruit-Dove","Red-naped Fruit-dove",null,null,"forest of Sumba (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691307","rnfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rnfdov1","avibase-A4ECD089",null,null,"Sumba Island.","[Exhibition of a handsome Pigeon from the Island of Sumba, or Sandalwood].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/340/mode/1up","Ptilopus dohertyi"],["3136","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus alligator","Collett, 1898","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898, pt.3 p.354 pl.29","Black-banded Fruit Dove","Black-banded Fruit-Dove","Black-banded Fruit-dove",null,null,"north-central Australia (western escarpment of Arnhem Land)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691312","bbfdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbfdov2","avibase-8601021F",null,null,"Near the sources of the South Alligator River, Arnhem Land, Australia.","On some Pigeons and Parrots from North and North-west Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97095#page/446/mode/1up","Ptilopus (Leucotreron) alligator"],["3137","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus cinctus","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.58, pl.23","Banded Fruit Dove","Black-backed Fruit-Dove","Black-backed Fruit-dove",null,null,"Bali and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691302","bbfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbfdov1","avibase-01FF30C9",null,null,"'Asie australe' = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/172/mode/1up","Columba Cincta"],["3138","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus cinctus baliensis","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDFF36D5",null,null,"Danan Bratan, Bali","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/605/mode/1up","Ptilinopus albocinctus baliensis"],["3139","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus cinctus albocinctus","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.496 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25F5579C",null,null,"Interior of Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/596/mode/1up","Ptilonopus albocinctus"],["3140","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus cinctus everetti","Rothschild, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Pantar and Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CAF5E70",null,null,"Alor, east of Flores (Indonesia)","[Exhibition of three new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/472/mode/1up","Ptilinopus everetti"],["3141","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus cinctus cinctus","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.58, pl.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Timor, Wetar, and Romang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5207980B",null,null,"'Asie australe' = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/172/mode/1up","Columba Cincta"],["3142","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus cinctus lettiensis","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Leti, Moa, Luang, Sermata, and Teun)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BCEB7CA",null,null,"Lettie Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/32/mode/1up","Ptilopus cinctus Lettiensis"],["3143","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus cinctus ottonis","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Damar, Babar, and Nila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A361494C",null,null,"Woeloer (Wulur), Damar Island, Banda Sea","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/192/mode/1up","Ptilinopus cincta ottonis"],["3144","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus superbus","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.75, pl.33","Superb Fruit Dove","Superb Fruit-Dove",null,"2025-0423","Taxon <em>temminckii </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ptilinopus superbus</em> based on available evidence. Plumages differ in color, rather than pattern, and are constant across large geographic areas. Vocal and genetic evidence is needed to support this split.","Sulawesi to eastern Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, and east-central Solomon Islands",null,null,null,"sufdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sufdov1","avibase-D3E75FB4",null,null,"0-Taiti,' error = Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/213/mode/1up","Columba Superba"],["3145","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus superbus temminckii","(des Murs & Prévost, 1849)","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars p.234,268",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Sula Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-722E8494",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87532#page/246/mode/1up","Kurukuru Temminckii"],["3146","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus superbus superbus","(Temminck, 1809)","Les Pigeons p.75, pl.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas to Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, and northeastern Australia (Torres Strait Islands southward to east-central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-205515E9",null,null,"0-Taiti,' error = Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223785#page/213/mode/1up","Columba Superba"],["3147","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rivoli","(Prévost, 1843)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.107, pl.57","White-bibbed Fruit Dove","White-bibbed Fruit-Dove","White-bibbed Fruit-dove","2025-0999","Taxon <em>bellus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ptilinopus rivoli</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a separate species based on plumage, ecology, and vocalizations, records of ecogeographic replacement are imprecise and vocalizations overlap, supporting treatment as a subspecies.","central to southern Moluccas, New Guinea and satellite islands, and Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691505","whbfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbfrd1","avibase-98F7FF1F",null,null,"No locality, = Duke of York Island; cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 209.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/119/mode/1up","Columba Rivoli"],["3148","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rivoli prasinorrhous","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and Cenderawasih Bay islands (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EEC2908",null,null,"Kei Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/251/mode/1up","Ptilonopus prasinorrhous"],["3149","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rivoli bellus","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.696 pl.57",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Guinea, including Karkar Island, and Goodenough, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8F7AD75",null,null,"A tarn, New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/838/mode/1up","Ptilonopus bellus"],["3150","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rivoli miquelii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Mios Num and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-573E7A44",null,null,"Miosnom and Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/34/mode/1up","Ptilopus Miquelii"],["3151","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rivoli rivoli","(Prévost, 1843)","Les Pigeons [Knip & Prévost] ed.2, 2 p.107, pl.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B958B5D3",null,null,"No locality, = Duke of York Island; cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 209.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210838#page/119/mode/1up","Columba Rivoli"],["3152","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rivoli strophium","Gould, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.105, pl.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Egum Atoll (Trobriand Islands) and Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A32E5933",null,null,"Duchateau Islands, near Australia [Milne Bay Islands, Papua New Guinea]","A brief Account of the Researches in Natural History of John M'Gillivray, Esq., the naturalist attached to H. M. surveying Ship the Rattlesnake, on the North-eastern Coasts of Australia, New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/168/mode/1up","Ptilinopus strophium"],["3153","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus speciosus","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.23","Geelvink Fruit Dove","Geelvink Fruit-Dove","Geelvink Fruit-dove","2025-0420","Taxon <em>speciosus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ptilinopus solomonensis</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, presence of a yellow peri-orbital skin patch, and vocalizations. Additionally, <em>speciosus </em>is a highly disjunct population from an endemism-rich area (Gregory 2017). Broader genetic sampling of the <em>P. solomonensis-P. rivoli</em> complex is needed to better define species limits in this group.","Numfor, Biak, and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728089","yebfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfrd1","avibase-BE752C4F",null,null,"Islands of Numfor [Mafor] and Biak [Soek], Geelvink Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/35/mode/1up","Ptilopus speciosus"],["3154","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis","Gray, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.29 p.328","Yellow-bibbed Fruit Dove","Yellow-bibbed Fruit-Dove","Yellow-banded Fruit-dove","2025-0420","Taxon <em>speciosus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ptilinopus solomonensis</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, presence of a yellow peri-orbital skin patch, and vocalizations. Additionally, <em>speciosus </em>is a highly disjunct population from an endemism-rich area (Gregory 2017). Broader genetic sampling of the <em>P. solomonensis-P. rivoli</em> complex is needed to better define species limits in this group.","Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728082","yebfrd2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfrd2","avibase-C15DD431",null,null,"Wanga, San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/342/mode/1up","Ptilonopus solomonensis"],["3155","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis johannis","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.556",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands, St. Matthias Group (western Bismarck Archipelago), and New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13A86725",null,null,"Wild and D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/230/mode/1up","Ptilopus johannis"],["3156","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis meyeri","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.2 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and satellite islands (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF2DBCD1",null,null,"Witu Island, north of New Britain.","On the Birds of the French Islands, north of New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/197/mode/1up","Ptilinopus solomonensis meyeri"],["3157","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis neumanni","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Nissan Island (western Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9381F248",null,null,"Nissan Island.","On the Birds of Feni and Nissan Islands, east of south New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/62/mode/1up","Ptilinopus solomonensis neumanni"],["3158","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis bistictus","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville and Buka (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDA58D69",null,null,"Bougainville Island, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Ptilinopus solomonensis bistictus"],["3159","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis ocularis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80AFAC67",null,null,"Guadalcanar Island, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Ptilinopus solomonensis ocularis"],["3160","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis vulcanorum","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B67D53A",null,null,"Kulambangra Island, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Ptilinopus solomonensis vulcanorum"],["3161","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis ambiguus","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D36734BE",null,null,"Malaita Island, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Ptilinopus solomonensis ambiguus"],["3162","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus solomonensis solomonensis","Gray, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.29 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira and Ugi (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD0C0053",null,null,"Wanga, San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/342/mode/1up","Ptilonopus solomonensis"],["3163","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus tannensis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.600","Tanna Fruit Dove","Tanna Fruit-Dove","Tanna Fruit-dove",null,null,"Vanuatu including Banks Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691386","tafdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tafdov1","avibase-8D278968",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/140/mode/1up","Columba tannensis"],["3164","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus insolitus","Schlegel, 1863","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1 p.61 Vogels pl.3 fig.3","Knob-billed Fruit Dove","Knob-billed Fruit-Dove","Knob-billed Fruit-dove",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago (except Admiralty Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691549","kbfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kbfdov1","avibase-77EDD972",null,null,"New Caledonia, error = New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45346#page/77/mode/1up","Ptilopus insolitus"],["3165","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus insolitus insolitus","Schlegel, 1863","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1 p.61 Vogels pl.3 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D83AB335",null,null,"New Caledonia, error = New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45346#page/77/mode/1up","Ptilopus insolitus"],["3166","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus insolitus inferior","Hartert, 1924","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau and Emirau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EA3F1CD",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/361/mode/1up","Ptilinopus insolitus inferior"],["3167","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus iozonus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.186","Orange-bellied Fruit Dove","Orange-bellied Fruit-Dove","Orange-bellied Fruit-dove",null,null,"New Guinea and many satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691544","obfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obfdov1","avibase-91B85A8E",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/252/mode/1up","Ptilonopus iozonus"],["3168","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus iozonus iozonus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC052721",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/252/mode/1up","Ptilonopus iozonus"],["3169","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus iozonus humeralis","Wallace, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.166 pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including western Papuan islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BE4EF2B",null,null,"Salawati.","On some New and Rare Birds from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/208/mode/1up","Ptilonopus humeralis"],["3170","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus iozonus iobiensis","Schlegel, 1871","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.10 AvesColumbae, no.35 p.16,17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), Manam, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF601246",null,null,"Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51489#page/26/mode/1up","Ptilopus humeralis iobiensis"],["3171","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus iozonus finschi","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.705",null,null,null,null,null,"Huon Peninsula and Fly River to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36B3BD35",null,null,"Finschhafen, NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Ptilinopus iozonus finschi"],["3172","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus eugeniae","(Gould, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.137","White-headed Fruit Dove","White-headed Fruit-Dove","White-headed Fruit-dove",null,null,"Makira and satellite islands (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691524","whfdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfdov2","avibase-E1257137",null,null,"Solomon Islands.","[Description of a new and very beautiful Pigeon from the Solomon Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/175/mode/1up","Iotreron Eugeniae"],["3173","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus viridis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283","Claret-breasted Fruit Dove","Claret-breasted Fruit-Dove","Claret-breasted Fruit-dove",null,null,"central Moluccas, Bird's Head Peninsula and Bird's Neck (northwestern New Guinea), northern coastal New Guinea and satellite islands, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691519","cbfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbfdov1","avibase-49DBBA0C",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba viridis"],["3174","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus viridis viridis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Ambon, and adjacent islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00A3E609",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/287/mode/1up","Columba viridis"],["3175","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus viridis pectoralis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.740",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADC773C1",null,null,"No locality = New Guinea.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/380/mode/1up","Columba pectoralis"],["3176","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus viridis geelvinkianus","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor, Biak, and Mios Num (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFF35804",null,null,"Numfor [Mafor], Miosnom and Biak [Soek or Suk].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/35/mode/1up","Ptilopus viridis stirps Geelvinkiana"],["3177","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus viridis salvadorii","Rothschild, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.3 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to Madang), including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AB208CA",null,null,"Jobi Island.","Ptilopus salvadorii, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/43/mode/1up","Ptilopus salvadorii"],["3178","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus viridis vicinus","Hartert, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Trobriand Islands and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5770EA3",null,null,"Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Group.","Some new and other rare birds from Fergusson Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/86/mode/1up","Ptilopus lewisii vicinus"],["3179","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus viridis lewisii","Ramsay, 1882","Nature 25 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Manus, Lihir Islands, and Nissan Island (northern Bismarck Archipelago) to western Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B12837A0",null,null,"Solomon Islands = Lango, Guadalcanar, ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, Mar., 1882, p. 724.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90440#page/304/mode/1up","Ptilopus lewisii"],["3180","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus hyogastrus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.43, vol.4 pl.252","Grey-headed Fruit Dove","Gray-headed Fruit-Dove","Grey-headed Fruit-dove",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Bacan, Tidore, and Ternate)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691529","gyhfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhfrd1","avibase-101A4B84",null,null,"Celebes, error = Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/503/mode/1up","Columba hyogastra"],["3181","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus granulifrons","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.35","Carunculated Fruit Dove","Carunculated Fruit-Dove","Carunculated Fruit-dove",null,null,"Obi (north-central Moluccas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691539","cafdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cafdov1","avibase-A8AAFCCE",null,null,"Obi Major.","[Exhibition and description of three new Pigeons from the Island of Obi Major (or Obi), Moluccas].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/473/mode/1up","Ptilinopus granulifrons"],["3182","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus perlatus","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.94, vol.4 pl.559","Pink-spotted Fruit Dove","Pink-spotted Fruit-Dove","Pink-spotted Fruit-dove",null,null,"New Guinea and many satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691372","psfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/psfdov1","avibase-1BDDFB1D",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/499/mode/1up","Columba perlata"],["3183","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus perlatus perlatus","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.94, vol.4 pl.559",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE6DFA2A",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/499/mode/1up","Columba perlata"],["3184","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus perlatus plumbeicollis","Meyer, 1890","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.8 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (eastern Sepik-Ramu basin to the Huon Gulf)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8ECD6C5",null,null,"Constantine Harbor, New Guinea.","Notes on Birds from the Papuan Region, with Descriptions of some new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/450/mode/1up","Ptilopus plumbeicollis"],["3185","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus perlatus zonurus","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9C5C8A8",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/209/mode/1up","Ptilopus zonurus"],["3186","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus wallacii","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.185 pl.136","Wallace's Fruit Dove","Wallace's Fruit-Dove","Wallace's Fruit-dove",null,null,"southern Moluccas including Kai Islands, and lowlands of southwestern New Guinea, including Aru islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691396","wafdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wafdov1","avibase-614982D5",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/251/mode/1up","Ptilonopus Wallacii"],["3187","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus aurantiifrons","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.185 pl.137","Orange-fronted Fruit Dove","Orange-fronted Fruit-Dove","Orange-fronted Fruit-dove",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691391","offdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/offdov1","avibase-BBC4C9DF",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/251/mode/1up","Ptilonopus aurantiifrons"],["3188","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus ornatus","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.52","Ornate Fruit Dove","Ornate Fruit-Dove",null,"2025-0421","Taxon <em>gestroi </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ptilinopus ornatus</em> based on available evidence. Plumages differ in color but not in pattern, suggesting subspecific differentiation within the <em>ornatus </em>group of species. More evidence, including genetics, is needed to support the split<em>.</em>","New Guinea and many satellite islands",null,null,null,"orfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orfdov1","avibase-BF9CE5C5",null,null,"Interior of the northern peninsula of New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/64/mode/1up","Ptilopus ornatus"],["3189","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus ornatus ornatus","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak Mountains and coastal Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7A6D5C5",null,null,"Interior of the northern peninsula of New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/64/mode/1up","Ptilopus ornatus"],["3190","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus ornatus gestroi","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.834",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (west to Cyclops Mountains and Onin Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0D24D45",null,null,"Yule Island, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/840/mode/1up","Ptilonopus gestroi"],["3191","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus monacha","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.43, vol.4 pl.253","Blue-capped Fruit Dove","Blue-capped Fruit-Dove","Blue-capped Fruit-dove",null,null,"northern Moluccas, from Morotai and Halmahera southward to Bacan and Damar (off southeastern Halmahera); also reported from Obi, where presence unconfirmed",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691415","bcfdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcfdov2","avibase-7D88F8A3",null,null,"Celebes, error = Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/504/mode/1up","Columba monacha"],["3192","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus pulchellus","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.95, vol.4 pl.564","Beautiful Fruit Dove","Beautiful Fruit-Dove","Beautiful Fruit-dove",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691425","befdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/befdov1","avibase-CAF11212",null,null,"Lobe Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/515/mode/1up","Columba pulchella"],["3193","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus coronulatus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.185 pl.138","Coroneted Fruit Dove","Coroneted Fruit-Dove","Coroneted Fruit-dove",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691420","cofdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cofdov1","avibase-6ECCC45D",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/251/mode/1up","Ptilonopus coronulatus"],["3194","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus coronulatus trigeminus","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.787",null,null,null,null,null,"western coast of Bird's Head Peninsula (northwestern New Guinea), including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8360CB4D",null,null,"Sorong and Salawati Islands, n.w. New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/793/mode/1up","Ptilonopus trigeminus"],["3195","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus coronulatus geminus","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.786",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (head of Cenderawasih Bay to Takar) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D953A58",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi Island [Yapen Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/792/mode/1up","Ptilonopus geminus"],["3196","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus coronulatus quadrigeminus","Meyer, 1890","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.8 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Humboldt to Astrolabe Bay) and Manam Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF49E7E4",null,null,"Constantine Harbor or its neighborhood.","Notes on Birds from the Papuan Region, with Descriptions of some new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/450/mode/1up","Ptilopus quadrigeminus"],["3197","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus coronulatus huonensis","Meyer, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.199 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"northern coastal New Guinea (Huon Bay to Goodenough Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A8CFDAE",null,null,"Huon Gulf.","Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Vogelfauna von Kaiser Wilhelms-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/277/mode/1up","Ptilopus coronulatus huonensis"],["3198","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus coronulatus coronulatus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.185 pl.138",null,null,null,null,null,"southern coastal New Guinea (Mimika River to Milne Bay), including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5351C3B4",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/251/mode/1up","Ptilonopus coronulatus"],["3199","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus pelewensis","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.7","Palau Fruit Dove","Palau Fruit-Dove","Palau Fruit-dove",null,null,"Palau (Babelthuap to Angaur; western Caroline Islands, western Micronesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691460","pafdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pafdov1","avibase-A87BEC71",null,null,"Pelew Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/35/mode/1up","Ptilinopus pelewensis"],["3200","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus roseicapilla","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.472","Mariana Fruit Dove","Mariana Fruit-Dove","Mariana Fruit-dove",null,null,"Mariana Islands (Saipan, Tinian, Agiguan, Rota, and Guam)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691435","mafdov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mafdov2","avibase-3D223FA4",null,null,"Marianne Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/510/mode/1up","Columba roseicapilla"],["3201","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus richardsii","Ramsay, 1882","Nature 25 p.282","Silver-capped Fruit Dove","Silver-capped Fruit-Dove","Silver-capped Fruit-dove",null,null,"southeastern Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691445","scfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scfdov1","avibase-34A37399",null,null,"Solomon Islands = Ugi Island, ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, Mar., 1882, p. 722.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90440#page/304/mode/1up","Ptilopus richardsii"],["3202","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus richardsii richardsii","Ramsay, 1882","Nature 25 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Ugi and Santa Ana (eastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A8DB5FE",null,null,"Solomon Islands = Ugi Island, ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, Mar., 1882, p. 722.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90440#page/304/mode/1up","Ptilopus richardsii"],["3203","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus richardsii cyanopterus","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell and Bellona (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B8FE6FC",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Ptilinopus rhodostictus cyanopterus"],["3204","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus regina","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.474","Rose-crowned Fruit Dove","Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove","Rose-crowned Fruit-dove",null,null,"central and eastern Lesser Sundas, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691430","rcfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcfdov1","avibase-3EC888E4",null,null,"'Supposed to come from Australia,' i.e. = New South Wales.","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/506/mode/1up","Ptilinopus purpuratus var. Regina"],["3205","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus regina flavicollis","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Flores, Rote, Sawu, Semau, and western Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2414690F",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/578/mode/1up","Ptilinopus flavicollis"],["3206","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus regina roseipileum","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (eastern Timor, Wetar, Romang, Kissar, Moa, and Leti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47E1A13F",null,null,"Roma [=Romang] (about 27 miles E. of Wetter [=Wetar])","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/193/mode/1up","Ptilinopus xanthogaster roseipileum"],["3207","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus regina xanthogaster","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"Banda, Kai, Damar, Sermata, Babar, and Tanimbar Islands (eastern Lesser Sundas and southern Moluccas), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B16D8AA3",null,null,"Celebes, error = Banda Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/279/mode/1up","Columba Xanthogaster"],["3208","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus regina ewingii","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.7) pl.56, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB7DF790",null,null,"Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula = Port Essington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/233/mode/1up","Ptilinopus ewingii"],["3209","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus regina regina","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Torres Strait Islands, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland southward to southern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BADE896",null,null,"'Supposed to come from Australia,' i.e. = New South Wales.","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/506/mode/1up","Ptilinopus purpuratus var. Regina"],["3210","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus porphyraceus","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.130","Crimson-crowned Fruit Dove","Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove",null,"2025-0424","Taxon <em>fasciatus </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ptilinopus porphyraceus</em> based on available evidence. Differences in plumage and size are modest and could be considered subspecific-level differentiation. No vocal differences are apparent and status of intermediate form <em>graeffei </em>needs to be clarified.","islets of southern Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, Samoa, and Niue (western to central Polynesia)",null,null,null,"ccfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ccfdov1","avibase-A68B6F81",null,null,"Name for the bird figured and described in Knip's, Les Pigeons, les colombes, pl. 35 as 'Colombe kurukuru variete.' Tongatabu and Ulieta and also Timor; the two latter localities erroneous.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/146/mode/1up","Columba porphyracca"],["3211","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus porphyraceus porphyraceus","(Temminck, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"islets of southern Fiji, Rotuma in far northern Fiji, Tonga, and Niue; populations in Wallis and Futuna and Niuafo'ou are likely intergrades (P. p. porphyraceus x fasciatus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AD10A4C",null,null,"Name for the bird figured and described in Knip's, Les Pigeons, les colombes, pl. 35 as 'Colombe kurukuru variete.' Tongatabu and Ulieta and also Timor; the two latter localities erroneous.","Account of some new Species of Birds of the Genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/146/mode/1up","Columba porphyracca"],["3212","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus porphyraceus fasciatus","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Samoa and American Samoa; populations in Wallis and Futuna and Niuafo'ou are likely intergrades (P. p. porphyraceus x fasciatus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F3042D2",null,null,"Samoan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/213/mode/1up","Ptilinopus fasciatus"],["3213","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus greyi","Bonaparte, 1857","Iconographie des pigeons non figurés par Mme Knip (Mlle Pauline Decourcelles) dans les deux volumes de MM. Temminck et Florent Prévost, ouvrage servant d'illustration a son Histoire Naturelle des Pigeons pl.20","Red-bellied Fruit Dove","Red-bellied Fruit-Dove","Red-bellied Fruit-dove",null,null,"Ndai (south-central Solomon Islands), Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands), and Vanuatu to New Caledonia (including Loyalty Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691440","rbfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbfdov1","avibase-FA53C613",null,null,"Isle of Pines and Loyalty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184364#page/99/mode/1up","Ptilinopus greyii"],["3214","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus ponapensis","Finsch, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.779","Purple-capped Fruit Dove","Purple-capped Fruit-Dove","Pohnpei Fruit-dove",null,null,"Caroline Islands (Chuuk and Pohnpei)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728265","pucfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pucfrd1","avibase-29277750",null,null,"Ponape, Caroline Islands.","On the Birds of the Island of Ponapé, Eastern Carolines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/499/mode/1up","Ptilonopus ponapensis"],["3215","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus hernsheimi","Finsch, 1880","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.151 p.303","Kosrae Fruit Dove","Kosrae Fruit-Dove","Kosrae Fruit-dove",null,null,"Kosrae (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728074","kosfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kosfrd1","avibase-96FDF70C",null,null,"Kusaie, Caroline Islands.","Beobachtungen über die Vögel der Insel Kuschai (Carolinen)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/315/mode/1up","Ptilopus Hernsheimi"],["3216","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus perousii","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.195","Many-colored Fruit Dove","Many-colored Fruit-Dove","Many-coloured Fruit-dove",null,null,"Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa (southwestern to central Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691410","mcfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mcfdov1","avibase-4267B4F7",null,null,"Upolu, Samoan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/215/mode/1up","Ptilinopus perousii"],["3217","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus perousii perousii","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Samoa (Savai'i, Upolu, Tutuila, Ofu, and Tau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D98ADF32",null,null,"Upolu, Samoan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/215/mode/1up","Ptilinopus perousii"],["3218","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus perousii mariae","(Pucheran, 1853)","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 p.115, pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji and Tonga",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44C361B9",null,null,"'Balaou' [= Ovalau], Fiji Islands.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/119/mode/1up","Ptinilopus mariae"],["3219","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii","(Néboux, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.289","White-capped Fruit Dove","White-capped Fruit-Dove","White-capped Fruit-dove",null,null,"widespread in Marquesas Islands (northeastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691500","wcfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wcfdov1","avibase-BEDBBD83",null,null,"Christine, i.e. Tahuata Island, Marquesas Group.","Description d'oiseaux nouveaux recueillis pendant l'expédition d la Vénus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/299/mode/1up","Columba Du Petithouarsii"],["3220","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii viridior","Murphy, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.115 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Marquesas Islands (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, and Ua Pou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09812F77",null,null,"Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4372/","Ptilopus dupetithouarsi viridior"],["3221","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii dupetithouarsii","(Néboux, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Motane, and Fatu Hiva)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDE8B6D6",null,null,"Christine, i.e. Tahuata Island, Marquesas Group.","Description d'oiseaux nouveaux recueillis pendant l'expédition d la Vénus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/299/mode/1up","Columba Du Petithouarsii"],["3222","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus mercierii","(des Murs & Prévost, 1849)","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars p.266","Red-moustached Fruit Dove","Red-moustached Fruit-Dove","Red-moustached Fruit-dove",null,null,"formerly Nuku Hiva (northern Marquesas Islands) and Hiva Oa (southern Marquesas Islands); extinct, last reported 1950","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691495","rmfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rmfdov1","avibase-B526D1AE",null,null,"Valley of Mohana, Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87532#page/278/mode/1up","Kurukuru Mercierii"],["3223","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus mercierii mercierii","(des Murs & Prévost, 1849)","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Marquesas Islands; extinct, known only from type collected 1836-1839","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-80871E02",null,null,"Valley of Mohana, Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87532#page/278/mode/1up","Kurukuru Mercierii"],["3224","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus mercierii tristrami","Salvadori, 1892","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 7, no.135 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Marquesas Islands; extinct, last reported 1950","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-651F5B49",null,null,"Hivaoa Island, Marquesas Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43010#page/283/mode/1up","Ptilopus tristrami"],["3225","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus purpuratus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.784","Grey-green Fruit Dove","Gray-green Fruit-Dove","Grey-green Fruit-dove","2025-0419","Taxon <em>chrysogaster </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ptilinopus purpuratus</em> (polytypic) based on genetic evidence. An analysis dominated by mitochondrial DNA data (Cibois et al. 2014) placed <em>chrysogaster </em>as a sister taxon to <em>P. rarotongensis</em> with strong support, suggesting <em>chrysogaster </em>may not be part of the <em>purpuratus </em>group. However, genetic divergences between all three species are relatively shallow; further clarification from genomic DNA may be needed to better resolve species limits in this group.","Tahiti and Moorea (Windward Society Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60759996","gygfrd1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gygfrd1","avibase-68341502",null,null,"Tahiti, based on Latham, Syn., 2, p. 626, no. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/285/mode/1up","Columba purpurata"],["3226","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus purpuratus frater","Ripley & Birckhead, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1192 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Moorea (Windward Society Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE173AAE",null,null,"Moorea, Society Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 51, On the fruit pigeons of the Ptilinopus purpuratus group.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4756/","Ptilinopus purpuratus frater"],["3227","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus purpuratus purpuratus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.784",null,null,null,null,null,"Tahiti (Windward Society Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33FFD1C3",null,null,"Tahiti, based on Latham, Syn., 2, p. 626, no. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/285/mode/1up","Columba purpurata"],["3228","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus chrysogaster","Gray, 1854","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.250 p.48 pl.54","Raiatea Fruit Dove","Raiatea Fruit-Dove","Raiatea Fruit-dove","2025-0419","Taxon <em>chrysogaster </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ptilinopus purpuratus</em> (polytypic) based on genetic evidence. An analysis dominated by mitochondrial DNA data (Cibois et al. 2014) placed <em>chrysogaster </em>as a sister taxon to <em>P. rarotongensis</em> with strong support, suggesting <em>chrysogaster </em>may not be part of the <em>purpuratus </em>group. However, genetic divergences between all three species are relatively shallow; further clarification from genomic DNA may be needed to better resolve species limits in this group.","western Society Islands (Bora Bora, Tahaa, Huahine, and Maupiti)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60760066","gygfrd2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gygfrd2","avibase-94543CFF",null,null,"'Probably from Tahiti' = Raiatea, Society Islands, designated by Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 115, p. 6.","Descriptions of Two New Species of Ptilonopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/76/mode/1up","Ptilonopus chrysogaster"],["3229","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rarotongensis","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.30","Lilac-crowned Fruit Dove","Cook Islands Fruit-Dove","Rarotonga Fruit-dove",null,null,"Rarotonga and Atiu (southern Cook Islands, eastern Polynesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691465","cifdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cifdov1","avibase-779F6508",null,null,"Rarotonga.","On a Collection of Birds from Savai and Rarotonga Islands in the Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/60/mode/1up","Ptilinopus rarotongensis"],["3230","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rarotongensis rarotongensis","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Rarotonga (Cook Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D78D9C39",null,null,"Rarotonga.","On a Collection of Birds from Savai and Rarotonga Islands in the Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/60/mode/1up","Ptilinopus rarotongensis"],["3231","subspecies","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus rarotongensis goodwini","Holyoak, 1974","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Atiu (southern Cook Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-500EABC1",null,null,"Cook Islands, Atiu","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/399/mode/1up","Ptilinopus rarotongensis goodwini"],["3232","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus huttoni","Finsch, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.92,fig.text","Rapa Fruit Dove","Rapa Fruit-Dove","Rapa Fruit-dove",null,null,"Rapa Island (Austral Archipelago); seriously endangered",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691470","rafdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rafdov1","avibase-0D3C62C9",null,null,"Rapa Island; type now in the Milan Museum.","On a new Species of Fruit-Pigeon from the Pacific Island of Rapa or Opara.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/142/mode/1up","Ptilonopus huttoni"],["3233","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus insularis","North, 1908","Records of the Australian Museum 7 p.30","Henderson Fruit Dove","Henderson Island Fruit-Dove","Henderson Island Fruit-dove",null,null,"Henderson Island (central Pitcairn group, southeastern Polynesia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691490","hifdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hifdov1","avibase-C57C1B5C",null,null,"Henderson Island.","On three apparently undescribed Birds from Henderson or Elizabeth Island, Paumotu Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33721#page/46/mode/1up","Ptilopus insularis"],["3234","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus coralensis","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.190","Atoll Fruit Dove","Atoll Fruit-Dove","Atoll Fruit-dove",null,null,"larger islands in Tuamotu Archipelago (except Makatea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691480","atfdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atfdov1","avibase-31FFAD02",null,null,"Carlshoff, i.e. Aratika Island, Paumotu Group [Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/210/mode/1up","Ptilinopus coralensis"],["3235","species","Columbiformes","Columbidae","Doves and Pigeons","Ptilinopus chalcurus","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.37","Makatea Fruit Dove","Makatea Fruit-Dove","Makatea Fruit-dove",null,null,"Makatea Island (western Tuamotu Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691485","mafdov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mafdov1","avibase-506DEB9C",null,null,"'Cook or Hervey Islands,' error = Makatea Island, Paumotu Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/49/mode/1up","Ptilonopus chalcurus"],["3236","order","Opisthocomiformes",null,null,"Opisthocomiformes",null,null,"Hoatzin",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3237","family","Opisthocomiformes","Opisthocomidae","Hoatzin","Opisthocomidae",null,null,"Hoatzin","Hoatzin","Hoatzin",null,null,null,null,null,null,"opisth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/opisth1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3238","genus","Opisthocomiformes","Opisthocomidae","Hoatzin","Opisthocomus","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.239",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phasianus cristatus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Phasianus hoazin Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/263/mode/1up","Opisthocomus"],["3239","species","Opisthocomiformes","Opisthocomidae","Hoatzin","Opisthocomus hoazin","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.125","Hoatzin","Hoatzin","Hoatzin",null,null,"Amazon and Orinoco basin lowlands and the Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684428","hoatzi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoatzi1","avibase-7E83A1B3",null,null,"America = Cayenne, ex Buffon and Pl. enlum., pl. 337.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/145/mode/1up","Phasianus Hoazin"],["3240","order","Gruiformes",null,null,"Gruiformes",null,null,"Cranes, Rails, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3241","family","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophiidae",null,null,"Trumpeters","Trumpeters","Trumpeters",null,null,null,null,null,null,"psophi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/psophi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3242","genus","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psophia crepitans [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Psophia"],["3243","species","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia crepitans","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154","Grey-winged Trumpeter","Gray-winged Trumpeter",null,"2025-0542","Taxon <em>ochroptera </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Psophia crepitans</em> based largely on genetic evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergences are relatively shallow and the three subspecies in this complex form an unresolved polytomy (Ribas et al. 2012). More detailed analysis of plumage variation, vocalizations, and genomic data are needed to support a split.","tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins, north of the Amazon River, from eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northern Brazil and westward to southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,"gywtru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gywtru1","avibase-C7C6DD9A",null,null,"South America = Cayenne, ex Barrere.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Psophia crepitans"],["3244","subspecies","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia crepitans crepitans","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE58BBF3",null,null,"South America = Cayenne, ex Barrere.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/173/mode/1up","Psophia crepitans"],["3245","subspecies","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia crepitans napensis","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.141,162",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and far northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A148027",null,null,"Río Napo, Eastern Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/174/mode/1up","Psophia napensis"],["3246","subspecies","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia crepitans ochroptera","Pelzeln, 1857","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 24 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon River and west of Rio Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14E33FEB",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31064#page/431/mode/1up","Psophia ochroptera"],["3247","species","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia leucoptera","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.67, pl.84","Pale-winged Trumpeter","Pale-winged Trumpeter","White-winged Trumpeter",null,null,"eastern Peru to central Brazil and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692199","pawtru2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pawtru2","avibase-C59A3228",null,null,"Rio Negro. Error = left bank of Rio Madeira, Brazil, substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 17, 1910, p. 422.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/81/mode/1up","Psophia leucoptera"],["3248","species","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia viridis","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.66, pl.83","Dark-winged Trumpeter","Dark-winged Trumpeter",null,"2025-0543","<em>Psophia viridis</em> is treated as a single species based largely on genetic evidence. Oppenheimer &amp; Silveira (2009) advocated the split of <em>P. viridis</em> into three monotypic species based on consistent plumage differences but mitochondrial DNA divergences are relatively shallow (Ribas et al. 2012), and no vocal differences have been reported.","tropical rainforest in Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River, from northeastern Brazil (northeastern Pará and northwestern Maranhão) southwestward to central and western Mato Grosso, eastern Rondônia and adjacent northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,"dawtru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dawtru1","avibase-A4CEB29F",null,null,"Villa Nuova on the Amazon = Parintins, Lower Amazon, fide Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/80/mode/1up","Psophia viridis"],["3249","subspecies","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia viridis viridis","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.66, pl.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C863872A",null,null,"Villa Nuova on the Amazon = Parintins, Lower Amazon, fide Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/80/mode/1up","Psophia viridis"],["3250","subspecies","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia viridis dextralis","Conover, 1934","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"from Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins (east-central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7202EFF",null,null,"Tauary, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil","A new Trumpeter from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/140/mode/1up","Psophia viridis dextralis"],["3251","subspecies","Gruiformes","Psophiidae","Trumpeters","Psophia viridis obscura","Pelzeln, 1857","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 24 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (northeastern Pará east of Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-223DE9CC",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31064#page/433/mode/1up","Psophia obscura"],["3252","family","Gruiformes","Aramidae","Limpkin","Aramidae",null,null,"Limpkin","Limpkin","Limpkin",null,null,null,null,null,null,"aramid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aramid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3253","genus","Gruiformes","Aramidae","Limpkin","Aramus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scolopax guarauna [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Scolopax guarauna Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f64.item","Aramus"],["3254","species","Gruiformes","Aramidae","Limpkin","Aramus guarauna","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.242","Limpkin","Limpkin","Limpkin",null,null,"Florida and increasingly southeastern USA, Greater Antilles, and southern Mexico southward to South America west of the Andes to western Ecuador, and east of the Andes to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692174","limpki","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/limpki","avibase-5D864313",null,null,"America australi (=South America)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/246/mode/1up","Scopolax Guarauna"],["3255","subspecies","Gruiformes","Aramidae","Limpkin","Aramus guarauna pictus","(Meyer, 1794)","Zoologische Annalen 1 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"Florida, Cuba, and Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCEBE412",null,null,"St. Johns River, Florida.",null,null,"Tantalus pictus"],["3256","subspecies","Gruiformes","Aramidae","Limpkin","Aramus guarauna elucus","Peters, 1925","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola and Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5630E5B1",null,null,"Sosua, Dominican Republic.","A review of the Limpkins (Aramus Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/167/mode/1up","Aramus pictus elucus"],["3257","subspecies","Gruiformes","Aramidae","Limpkin","Aramus guarauna dolosus","Peters, 1925","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico southward to western Panama (western Bocas del Toro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A59975A4",null,null,"Bolson, Costa Rica.","A review of the Limpkins (Aramus Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/168/mode/1up","Aramus pictus dolosus"],["3258","subspecies","Gruiformes","Aramidae","Limpkin","Aramus guarauna guarauna","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama; South America west of the Andes southward to western Ecuador, and east of the Andes southward to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1B9ED46",null,null,"America australi (=South America)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/246/mode/1up","Scopolax Guarauna"],["3259","family","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Gruidae",null,null,"Cranes","Cranes","Cranes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"gruida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gruida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3260","genus","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Balearica","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.511",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea pavonina [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Ardea pavonina Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Balearica"],["3261","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Balearica regulorum","(Bennett, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.11 p.118","Grey Crowned Crane","Gray Crowned-Crane","Grey Crowned Crane",null,null,"lowland and foothill shallow wetland, marsh, grassland, and savanna, from central Uganda and central Kenya southward through East Africa to southern Angola and northern Namibia to central Mozambique, and disjunctly in eastern and southern South Africa; some seasonal dispersal",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692046","grccra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grccra1","avibase-D10CAC5D",null,null,"South Africa.","[About several animals recently added to the Menagerie, among them two Crowned Cranes presented by the Lieutenant-General Sir Lowry Cole on his return from the government of the Cape of Good Hope].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/132/mode/1up","Anthropoïdes Regulorum"],["3262","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Balearica regulorum gibbericeps","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda and Kenya to northern Zimbabwe and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F487617F",null,null,"East Africa, type from Lake Jipe, near Mt. Kilimanjaro.","Bericht über die November-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/140/mode/1up","Balearica gibbericeps"],["3263","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Balearica regulorum regulorum","(Bennett, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.11 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and northern Namibia to Zimbabwe and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26973C92",null,null,"South Africa.","[About several animals recently added to the Menagerie, among them two Crowned Cranes presented by the Lieutenant-General Sir Lowry Cole on his return from the government of the Cape of Good Hope].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/132/mode/1up","Anthropoïdes Regulorum"],["3264","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Balearica pavonina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.141","Black Crowned Crane","Black Crowned-Crane","Black Crowned Crane",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill shallow wetland and grassland from Senegambia and southern Mauritania eastward in the Sahel to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia, southward to South Sudan and far northern Kenya; some seasonal dispersal",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692039","blccra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blccra1","avibase-31413BFF",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/160/mode/1up","Ardea pavonina"],["3265","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Balearica pavonina ceciliae","Mitchell, 1904","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Abstract, no.10 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa (Chad to Ethiopia and Kenya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-094B13EB",null,null,"Khartoum.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97667#page/264/mode/1up","Balearica ceciliae"],["3266","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Balearica pavonina pavonina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa (Senegambia to Lake Chad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D315E97A",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/160/mode/1up","Ardea pavonina"],["3267","genus","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Leucogeranus","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Grus leucogeranus [Pallas, 1773]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/657/mode/1up","Leucogeranus"],["3268","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Leucogeranus leucogeranus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.714","Siberian Crane","Siberian Crane","Siberian Crane",null,null,"breeds Arctic east-central Siberia (Yakutia) and western Siberia (at least formerly basin of Kunovat River; also basins of Konda and Alymka rivers); winters very locally on southern shore of Caspian Sea in north-central Iran, with most wintering on middle Yangtze River (mainly Poyang Lake) in east-central China; formerly also Keoladeo (Bharatpur) in northwestern India, but not recorded since 2002",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692053","sibcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibcra1","avibase-77845DAD",null,null,"Swamps bordering the Ischim, Irtysh and Ob rivers.",null,null,"Grus Leucogeranus"],["3269","genus","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xxiii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Grus torquata [Vieillot, 1817]; type by original designation and tautonymy = Ardea antigone Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/91/mode/1up","Antigone"],["3270","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.141","Sandhill Crane","Sandhill Crane","Sandhill Crane",null,null,"shallow marshes, bogs, sedge meadows and open grassland from eastern Siberia, northwestern Alaska and northern Canada, including Baffin Island, southward across most Canada to northern US (southward to northern California, western Montana southward to northwestern Colorado), and in the lower Mississippi basin, southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, and Cuba; winters in southern US and northern Mexico, with small numbers along eastern Chinese coast and southwestern Japan (Kyushu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692078","sancra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sancra","avibase-E196D6F9",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/160/mode/1up","Ardea canadensis"],["3271","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone canadensis canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Arctic North America and eastern Siberia; winters southwestern USA and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EA3A2A2",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/160/mode/1up","Ardea canadensis"],["3272","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone canadensis tabida","(Peters, 1925)","The Auk 42, no.1 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Canada and western and central USA eastward to the Great Lakes; winters to south, from California through Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DFF726D",null,null,"Valley of the south fork of the Humboldt River, Nevada.","Notes on the taxonomy of Ardea canadensis Linné.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol42/iss1/13/","Megalornis canadensis tabida"],["3273","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone canadensis pratensis","(Meyer, 1794)","Zoologische Annalen 1 p.286,296",null,null,null,null,null,"resident southeastern Georgia and Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4ABA71C",null,null,"Florida = Alachua Savanna, Clay County.",null,null,"Grus pratensis"],["3274","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone canadensis pulla","(Aldrich, 1972)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 85 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"resident Gulf Coast of Mississippi (Jackson County), southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8D1B67D",null,null,"Hatched May 15, 1969, from egg taken May 7, 1989, about 7 miles northwest of Fontainebleau, Jackson County, Mississippi.","A new subspecies of Sandhill Crane from Mississippi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107513#page/87/mode/1up","Grus canadensis pulla"],["3275","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone canadensis nesiotes","(Bangs & Zappey, 1905)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 39 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"resident Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73EED86E",null,null,"La Vega, Isle of Pines.","Birds of the Isle of Pines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135768#page/220/mode/1up","Grus nesiotes"],["3276","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone vipio","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.111","White-naped Crane","White-naped Crane","White-naped Crane",null,null,"breeds northeastern Mongolia, northeastern China, and southeastern Russia; winters east-central China, Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan (western Kyushu)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692073","whncra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whncra1","avibase-1125F89D",null,null,"Near Nertchinsk [on the Onon River, Transbaikalia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/127/mode/1up","Grus Vipio"],["3277","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone rubicunda","(Perry, 1810)","Arcana, or, The museum of natural history: containing the most recent discovered objects: embellished with coloured plates, and corresponding descriptions:with extracts relating to animals, and remarks of celebrated travellers; combining a general survey of nature pt6 pl.22","Brolga","Brolga","Brolga",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Northern Territory eastward to Queensland and southward to central New South Wales and western Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692067","brolga1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brolga1","avibase-A4480D02",null,null,"Botany Bay, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120576#page/137/mode/1up","Ardea rubicunda"],["3278","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone antigone","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142","Sarus Crane","Sarus Crane","Sarus Crane",null,null,"patchy in lowland grassland, shallow marsh, natural wetland, and cultivated and fallow fields, from southern Pakistan and northwestern India south of the Himalayas eastward through southern Myanmar to southern Vietnam and in northeastern Australia; southeastern Asian populations winter to upper Mekong delta (Vietnam); extirpated from northern Philippines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692064","sarcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sarcra1","avibase-8D891DB7",null,null,"Asia = Farther India, as restricted by Hartert, antea, p. 1820.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea Antigone"],["3279","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone antigone antigone","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Pakistan and northwestern India south of the Himalayas through northeastern India; formerly also Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F695F32A",null,null,"Asia = Farther India, as restricted by Hartert, antea, p. 1820.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea Antigone"],["3280","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone antigone sharpii","(Blanford, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Cambodia, and southern Laos; winters in Vietnam; formerly also Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B12D6B55",null,null,"Burma.","[Note on the two Sarus Cranes of the Indian Region].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/301/mode/1up","Grus (Antigone) sharpii"],["3281","subspecies","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Antigone antigone gillae","(Schodde, Blackman & Haffenden, 1989)","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"patchy in coastal northeastern Australia (mainly Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8498583D",null,null,"14 km north of Maggieville near Karumba, Qld., 18 Aug. 1984, coll. J.G. Blackman and A.T. Haffenden","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Grus antigone gillae"],["3282","genus","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 5 p.374-391",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea grus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Ardea grus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111922#page/508/mode/1up","Grus"],["3283","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus carunculata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.643","Wattled Crane","Wattled Crane","Wattled Crane","2025-0050","<em>Anthropoides </em>(polytypic) and <em>Bugeranus</em> (monotypic) are placed in the genus <em>Grus </em>based on available evidence. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes (Krajewski et al. 2010), and multilocus DNA data (Fain et al. 2007) failed to resolve basal relationships among these genera, indicating that they are best retained in an expanded <em>Grus </em>pending further research.","patchily distributed northeastern and southern Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692129","watcra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watcra2","avibase-38963CAC",null,null,"Africa = Cape of Good Hope, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/144/mode/1up","Ardea carunculata"],["3284","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus virgo","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.141","Demoiselle Crane","Demoiselle Crane","Demoiselle Crane","2025-0050","<em>Anthropoides </em>(polytypic) and <em>Bugeranus</em> (monotypic) are placed in the genus <em>Grus </em>based on available evidence. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes (Krajewski et al. 2010), and multilocus DNA data (Fain et al. 2007) failed to resolve basal relationships among these genera, indicating that they are best retained in an expanded <em>Grus </em>pending further research.","breeds Palearctic; winters in northeastern Africa and southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692081","demcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/demcra1","avibase-64DDD14D",null,null,"'In Oriente' = India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/160/mode/1up","Ardea Virgo"],["3285","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus paradisea","(Lichtenstein, 1793)","Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum (etc.). Sectio prima p.28,29 no.283","Blue Crane","Blue Crane","Blue Crane","2025-0050","<em>Anthropoides </em>(polytypic) and <em>Bugeranus</em> (monotypic) are placed in the genus <em>Grus </em>based on available evidence. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes (Krajewski et al. 2010), and multilocus DNA data (Fain et al. 2007) failed to resolve basal relationships among these genera, indicating that they are best retained in an expanded <em>Grus </em>pending further research.","locally in northern Namibia, southern Zimbabwe and South Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692109","blucra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blucra2","avibase-361AC269",null,null,"Inner South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48345#page/52/mode/1up","Ardea paradisea"],["3286","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus japonensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.110","Red-crowned Crane","Red-crowned Crane","Red-crowned Crane",null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia, far eastern Mongolia, and Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters to eastern China and Korean Peninsula",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692167","reccra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccra1","avibase-0777AB3C",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/130/mode/1up","Ardea (Grus) Japonensis"],["3287","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus americana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142","Whooping Crane","Whooping Crane","Whooping Crane",null,null,"breeds northern Canada; winters coastal southeastern Texas",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692156","whocra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whocra","avibase-B87D744D",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea americana"],["3288","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus grus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.141","Common Crane","Common Crane","Common Crane",null,null,"breeds northern Eurasia; winters to northern Africa, southern India, and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692146","comcra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcra","avibase-99B8841E",null,null,"Europe, Africa; restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/160/mode/1up","Ardea Grus"],["3289","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus monacha","Temminck, 1835","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.94, vol.5 pl.555","Hooded Crane","Hooded Crane","Hooded Crane",null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia (middle to lower Amur southward to Bikin basin, and the western and southern Sokha-Yakutia), and northern China (Heilongjiang); winters to eastern China, Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan (far southwestern Honshu and western Kyushu)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692151","hoocra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoocra1","avibase-38F36091",null,null,"Hokkaido and Korea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/409/mode/1up","Grus monacha"],["3290","species","Gruiformes","Gruidae","Cranes","Grus nigricollis","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.135","Black-necked Crane","Black-necked Crane","Black-necked Crane",null,null,"breeds Tibetan plateau; winters to northeastern India and southern China",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692162","blncra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blncra1","avibase-7A78AD1C",null,null,"Koko-nor.",null,null,"Grus nigricollis"],["3291","family","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Heliornithidae",null,null,"Finfoots","Finfoots","Finfoots",null,null,null,null,null,null,"helior1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helior1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3292","genus","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Podica","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.596",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Heliornis senegalensis [Vieillot, 1817]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/634/mode/1up","Podica"],["3293","species","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Podica senegalensis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.277","African Finfoot","African Finfoot","African Finfoot",null,null,"lowland to submontane silt-free, well-vegetated rivers and lakes in forest and woodland, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward to western Ethiopia and southeastern Kenya, and southward to southern Angola, northeastern Namibia, and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692177","afrfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrfin1","avibase-46DECAEE",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/293/mode/1up","Heliornis senegalensis"],["3294","subspecies","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Podica senegalensis camerunensis","Sjöstedt, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Gabon, Congo, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27BB1500",null,null,"Bonge, Cameroon Mountain.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/56/mode/1up","Podica camerunensis"],["3295","subspecies","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Podica senegalensis petersii","Hartlaub, 1852","Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg 2 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Mozambique, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A52EDADA",null,null,"Mozambique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105285#page/304/mode/1up","Podica Petersii"],["3296","subspecies","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Podica senegalensis senegalensis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, northwestern Tanzania, and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-401CFCC0",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/293/mode/1up","Heliornis senegalensis"],["3297","subspecies","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Podica senegalensis somereni","Chapin, 1954","American Museum Novitates no.1659 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41887D17",null,null,"Ruiru River, Kenya Colony","Races of the African finfoot (Aves, Heliornithidae).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4960/","Podica senegalensis somereni"],["3298","genus","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Heliornis","Bonnaterre, 1791","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.47 p.lxxxiv,64",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Heliornis fulicarius [Bonnaterre, 1791]; type by monotypy = Colymbus fulica Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/92/mode/1up","Heliornis"],["3299","species","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Heliornis fulica","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54","Sungrebe","Sungrebe","Sungrebe",null,null,"tropical lowlands of southern Mexico to northeastern Argentina and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692192","sungre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sungre1","avibase-097FAA36",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 893.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Colymbus fulica"],["3300","genus","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Heliopais","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.7 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podica personata [Gray, GR, 1849]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/63/mode/1up","Heliopais"],["3301","species","Gruiformes","Heliornithidae","Finfoots","Heliopais personatus","(Gray, 1849)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.186 p.90 pl.4","Masked Finfoot","Masked Finfoot","Masked Finfoot",null,null,"Bangladesh and northeastern India to Indochina; winters to Sumatra",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692181","masfin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masfin3","avibase-EC6869E2",null,null,"Malacca.","Description of a new species of Podica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/126/mode/1up","Podica personata"],["3302","family","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothruridae",null,null,"Flufftails","Flufftails","Flufftails",null,null,null,null,null,null,"saroth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saroth1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3303","genus","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Mentocrex","Peters, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gallinula kioloides [Pucheran, 1845]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Mentocrex"],["3304","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Mentocrex beankaensis","Goodman, Raherilalao & Block, 2011","Zootaxa 2776 49-60","Tsingy Forest Rail","Tsingy Forest Rail","Tsingy Forest Rail",null,null,"local in west-central Madagascar (Bemaraha and Beanka Massifs)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724980","tsiwor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tsiwor1","avibase-3FD76AAD",null,null,"Madagascar: Province de Mahajanga, District de Maintirano, Forêt de Beanka, 4.9 km S. Ambinda, 18°3.7’S, 44°31.5’E, 320 m, on 31 October 2009 by S. M. Goodman and M. J. Raherilalao","Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the Mentocrex kioloides complex (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from Madagascar, with the description of a new species","http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt02776p060.pdf","Mentocrex beankaensis"],["3305","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Mentocrex kioloides","(Pucheran, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.279","Madagascar Forest Rail","Madagascar Forest Rail","Madagascar Forest Rail",null,null,"northwestern and eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692264","madwor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madwor1","avibase-047A7C80",null,null,"Madagascar.","Notes sur quelques espèces Madécasses de l'ordre des Échassiers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/289/mode/1up","Gallinula kioloides"],["3306","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Mentocrex kioloides berliozi","Salomonsen, 1934","Ibis ser.13, vol.4, no.2 p.382-390",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in northwestern Madagascar (Sambirano district)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D67AEEF",null,null,"Bezona, northern Madagascar","Four new Birds and a new Genus from Madagascar.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1934.tb01575.x","Mentocrex kioloides berliozi"],["3307","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Mentocrex kioloides kioloides","(Pucheran, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"humid rainforest of eastern and high plateaux of Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30F48315",null,null,"Madagascar.","Notes sur quelques espèces Madécasses de l'ordre des Échassiers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/289/mode/1up","Gallinula kioloides"],["3308","genus","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4, 1871 p.55.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rallicula rubra [Schlegel, 1871]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Rallicula"],["3309","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula rubra","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.55","Chestnut Forest Rail","Chestnut Forest Rail","Chestnut Forest Rail",null,null,"montane Bird's Head Peninsula (northwestern New Guinea) and western to east-central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692288","chfrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chfrai1","avibase-0934B6E1",null,null,"Northern peninsula of New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/67/mode/1up","Rallicula rubra"],["3310","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula rubra rubra","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Arfak Mountains of western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA3955C0",null,null,"Northern peninsula of New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/67/mode/1up","Rallicula rubra"],["3311","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula rubra klossi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of New Guinea (Weyland Mountains east at least to Mount Hagen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-907E9BA2",null,null,"Utakwa River, Snow Mountains, New Guinea.","Descriptions of new birds from the Utakwa River, S.W. New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/132/mode/1up","Rallicula klossi"],["3312","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula leucospila","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.975","White-striped Forest Rail","White-striped Forest Rail","White-striped Forest Rail",null,null,"montane forest of western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692293","wsfrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wsfrai1","avibase-545ECAD4",null,null,"Hatam, 6000 ft., Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/981/mode/1up","Corethrura? leucospila"],["3313","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula forbesi","Sharpe, 1887","The birds of New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands, including many new species recently discovered in Australia pt23 pl.70,text","Forbes's Forest Rail","Forbes's Forest Rail","Forbes's Forest Rail",null,null,"montane west-central to northeastern (Adelbert Range and Huon Peninsula) and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692298","forrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forrai1","avibase-5AD47186",null,null,"Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/230441#page/289/mode/1up","Rallicula forbesi"],["3314","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula forbesi parva","Pratt, 1982","The Emu 82 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Adelbert Range (northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-400C4A39",null,null,"Mount Mengam, Aldebert Mountains, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 1500 m, primary forest","Additions to the avifauna of the Adelbert Range, Papua New Guinea.","https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thane-Pratt-2/publication/262959810_Additions_to_the_Avifauna_of_the_Adelbert_Range_Papua_New_Guinea/links/5c6766db299bf1e3a5abe94d/Additions-to-the-Avifauna-of-the-Adelbert-Range-Papua-New-Guinea.pdf","Rallicula forbesi parva"],["3315","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula forbesi forbesi","Sharpe, 1887","The birds of New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands, including many new species recently discovered in Australia pt23 pl.70,text",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Central Range and Huon Peninsula, New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E29C37E8",null,null,"Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/230441#page/289/mode/1up","Rallicula forbesi"],["3316","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula mayri","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.124","Mayr's Forest Rail","Mayr's Forest Rail","Mayr's Forest Rail",null,null,"montane north-central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692303","mayrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mayrai1","avibase-8F99953C",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/144/mode/1up","Rallicula rubra mayri"],["3317","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula mayri mayri","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59C0C8AC",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/144/mode/1up","Rallicula rubra mayri"],["3318","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Rallicula mayri carmichaeli","Diamond, 1969","American Museum Novitates no.2362 p.1-57",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Papua New Guinea (Torricelli and Bewani mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75EB624B",null,null,"A.M.N.H. No. 789759; adult male; Mt. Nibo, Torricelli Mountains, Sepik District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, 4500 feet; July 12, 1966; J. M. Diamond.","Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the North Coastal Range, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2572/","Rallicula mayri carmichaeli"],["3319","genus","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura","Heine, 1890","Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici p.319",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gallinula jardinei [Smith, A, 1839]; type by original designation = Crex affinis A. Smith, 1828  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104091#page/331/mode/1up","Sarothrura"],["3320","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura pulchra","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.410,542","White-spotted Flufftail","White-spotted Flufftail","White-spotted Flufftail",null,null,"lowland to foothill rainforest, forest swamps and pools, and dense thicket in gallery forest, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692215","whsflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsflu1","avibase-6EF64F69",null,null,"No locality = Sierra Leone, ex Latham, Gen. Hist. Bds., 9, p. 379, no. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/460/mode/1up","Crex Pulchra"],["3321","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura pulchra batesi","Bannerman, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DD2EAF3",null,null,"Bitye, River Ja, southern Cameroon.","Exhibition and description of two new races of Sarothrura from the Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/413/mode/1up","Sarothrura pulchra batesi"],["3322","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura pulchra centralis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo and northern Angola eastward to far southern South Sudan, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D3C044A",null,null,"Mswa, west shore of Lake Albert.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies of African birds from the Berlin and Tring Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/71/mode/1up","Sarothrura pulchra centralis"],["3323","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura pulchra pulchra","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.410,542",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Senegal to northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0811E972",null,null,"No locality = Sierra Leone, ex Latham, Gen. Hist. Bds., 9, p. 379, no. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/460/mode/1up","Crex Pulchra"],["3324","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura pulchra zenkeri","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Nigeria, coastal Cameroon, and northern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4836E9FD",null,null,"Bipindi, southern Cameroon.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies of African birds from the Berlin and Tring Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/71/mode/1up","Sarothrura pulchra zenkeri"],["3325","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura elegans","(Smith, 1839)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.5 pl.22,text","Buff-spotted Flufftail","Buff-spotted Flufftail","Buff-spotted Flufftail",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane thickets, scrub, and forest, including juniper and bamboo, from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward through Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southwestern Ethiopia and southwestern Kenya, and southward to southern Angola and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692219","busflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/busflu1","avibase-E75BA92C",null,null,"Near Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/97/mode/1up","Gallinula elegans"],["3326","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura elegans reichenovi","(Sharpe, 1894)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 23 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"western Africa to Uganda and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADD672FF",null,null,"Cameroon = Buea, Cameroon Mt., ex Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1892, p. 178.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34470#page/139/mode/1up","Corethrura reichenovi"],["3327","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura elegans elegans","(Smith, 1839)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.5 pl.22,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia, far southern South Sudan, and western Kenya southward to southern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE1DCCA6",null,null,"Near Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/97/mode/1up","Gallinula elegans"],["3328","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura rufa","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.564","Red-chested Flufftail","Red-chested Flufftail","Red-chested Flufftail",null,null,"very patchy in sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to montane wetland habitat, including wet grassland, sedge meadow, and papyrus swamps, from Sierra Leone eastward to western Ethiopia, and southward through Angola and Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar), to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692223","recflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recflu1","avibase-10B56544",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/594/mode/1up","Rallus rufus"],["3329","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura rufa bonapartii","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Gabon and Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9C861D2",null,null,"No locality given = Gaboon.","Excursion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique (suite), et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des ÉCHASSIERS (fin).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/611/mode/1up","Corethrura bonapartii"],["3330","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura rufa elizabethae","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74CED666",null,null,"Kakamegoes, Kavirondo d', and Kisumu, Kenya Colony 9.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/288/mode/1up","Sarothrura rufa elizabethae"],["3331","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura rufa rufa","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.564",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18D3D977",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/594/mode/1up","Rallus rufus"],["3332","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura lugens","(Böhm, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.176,244","Chestnut-headed Flufftail","Chestnut-headed Flufftail","Chestnut-headed Flufftail",null,null,"very patchy in lowland and foothill grassy marsh in savanna or forest, lakeside marsh, and dambos, from Cameroon and Gabon eastward to Rwanda (and long ago, Tanzania), and southward to central Angola and central Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692227","chhflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhflu1","avibase-32CE9C63",null,null,"Ugalla Country, interior of Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/188/mode/1up","Crex lugeus"],["3333","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura lugens lugens","(Böhm, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.176,244",null,null,null,null,null,"swamps of Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A812EA3A",null,null,"Ugalla Country, interior of Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/188/mode/1up","Crex lugeus"],["3334","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura lugens lynesi","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.17 [17,18]",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Zambia and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B19567F",null,null,"Nsombo, NW corner of Lake Bangweolo, NE Rhodesia, 3750 ft.","Descriptions of two new races of Francolin from S.W. Abyssinia and Northern Rhodesia, a new race of Sarothrura Rail from N.E. Rhodesia, and a note on the type-locality of the Purple Heron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/55/mode/1up","Sarothrura lineata lynesi"],["3335","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura boehmi","Reichenow, 1900","Die Vögel Afrikas 1 pt1 p.272,290","Streaky-breasted Flufftail","Streaky-breasted Flufftail","Streaky-breasted Flufftail",null,null,"locally in wet grassland of central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692232","stbflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbflu1","avibase-EBA9F2C4",null,null,"Likulwe [River, Katanga, Belgian Congo].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49606#page/406/mode/1up","Sarothrura böhmi"],["3336","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura affinis","(Smith, 1828)","South African Commercial Advertiser 3, no.144, 1 November p.2","Striped Flufftail","Striped Flufftail","Striped Flufftail",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane dry upland grassland, bracken bramble, and lowland Fynbos, from southern South Sudan and southwestern Kenya southward to Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, and adjacent Mozambique, and Eswatini and eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692236","strflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strflu1","avibase-D4A066EA",null,null,"South Africa","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.1].","http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/171/1716386493.pdf","Crex affinis"],["3337","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura affinis antonii","Madarász & Neumann, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern South Sudan locally southward to eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB2BC369",null,null,"Ndassekera, on the Kenya Colony-Tanganyika Territory [=Tanzania] border.","Eine neue Sarothrura von Deutsch-Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/202/mode/1up","Sarothrura antonii"],["3338","subspecies","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura affinis affinis","(Smith, 1828)","South African Commercial Advertiser 3, no.144, 1 November p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E297B748",null,null,"South Africa","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.1].","http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/171/1716386493.pdf","Crex affinis"],["3339","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura insularis","(Sharpe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.400","Madagascar Flufftail","Madagascar Flufftail","Madagascar Flufftail",null,null,"humid forest of eastern and northwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692241","madflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madflu1","avibase-258E8923",null,null,"Nossivola, Madagascar.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/482/mode/1up","Corethrura insularis"],["3340","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura ayresi","(Gurney, 1877)","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.3 p.352 pl.7","White-winged Flufftail","White-winged Flufftail","White-winged Flufftail",null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia and eastern South Africa",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692245","whwflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwflu1","avibase-534D524C",null,null,"Transvaal, type from Potchefstroom.","Additional Notes on the Ornithology of the Republic of Transvaal. Communicated by John Henry Gurney.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/394/mode/1up","Coturnicops ayresi"],["3341","species","Gruiformes","Sarothruridae","Flufftails","Sarothrura watersi","(Bartlett, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.772","Slender-billed Flufftail","Slender-billed Flufftail","Slender-billed Flufftail",null,null,"highlands of eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692250","slbflu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbflu1","avibase-E3A4AF84",null,null,"Southeast Betsileo Country, Madagascar.","Second List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Thomas Waters in Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/578/mode/1up","Zapornia watersi"],["3342","family","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallidae",null,null,"Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rails, Gallinules, Coots",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rallid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rallid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3343","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Anurolimnas","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.5 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Porzana castaneiceps [Sclater & Salvin, 1868]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/53/mode/1up","Anurolimnas"],["3344","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Anurolimnas castaneiceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.453","Chestnut-headed Crake","Chestnut-headed Crake","Chestnut-headed Crake",null,null,"damp thickets and dense second growth in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward across eastern Ecuador and Peru to northwestern Bolivia and western Brazil, in southern Amazonas, Acre, and adjacent Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692320","chhcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhcra1","avibase-2A9074F9",null,null,"Río Napo, eastern Ecuador.","Synopsis of the American Rails (Rallidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/551/mode/1up","Porzana castaneiceps"],["3345","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Anurolimnas castaneiceps coccineipes","Olson, 1973","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 86 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical forest of southwestern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89C84A4C",null,null,"Puerto Venecia, 15 km SE of Florence, Caquetá, Colombia","A study of the Neotropical Rail Anurolimnas castaneiceps (Aves: Rallidae) with a description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107514#page/446/mode/1up","Anurolimnas castaneiceps coccineipes"],["3346","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Anurolimnas castaneiceps castaneiceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru and far northwestern Bolivia (Pando)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F14A33B2",null,null,"Río Napo, eastern Ecuador.","Synopsis of the American Rails (Rallidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/551/mode/1up","Porzana castaneiceps"],["3347","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus variegatus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy = Rallus maculatus Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/611/mode/1up","Pardirallus"],["3348","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus sanguinolentus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.335","Plumbeous Rail","Plumbeous Rail","Plumbeous Rail",null,null,"arid littoral of Peru and temperate Peru (upper Río Marañón) to Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692772","plurai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plurai1","avibase-E20AD288",null,null,"Brazil and Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/347/mode/1up","Rallus sanguinolentus"],["3349","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus sanguinolentus simonsi","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of Peru to northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D31F251D",null,null,"Eten, northwestern Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/59/mode/1up","Pardirallus rityrhynchus simonsi"],["3350","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus sanguinolentus tschudii","Chubb, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate Peru (upper Río Marañón) to Lake Titicaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-873E8CE3",null,null,"Junín, central Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/100/mode/1up","Pardirallus rityrhynchus tschudii"],["3351","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus sanguinolentus zelebori","(Pelzeln, 1865)","Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil Bd.1 Vogel p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CE52944",null,null,"Lake Paratininga, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,null,"Aramides zelebori"],["3352","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Brazil to Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8571B3FB",null,null,"Brazil and Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/347/mode/1up","Rallus sanguinolentus"],["3353","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus sanguinolentus landbecki","(Hellmayr, 1932)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 19 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile (Atacama to Llanquihue) and adjacent Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-859066DA",null,null,"Concepcion, Chile.","The Birds of Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20866#page/359/mode/1up","Rallus sanguinolentus landbecki"],["3354","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus sanguinolentus luridus","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C9DEABF",null,null,"Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/243/mode/1up","Rallus luridus"],["3355","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus maculatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48","Spotted Rail","Spotted Rail","Spotted Rail",null,null,"locally from southern Mexico to Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, to Peru and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692763","sporai","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sporai","avibase-E202D760",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 775.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Rallus maculatus"],["3356","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus maculatus insolitus","(Bangs & Peck, 1908)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from southern Mexico to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F38C00FF",null,null,"Ycacos Lagoon, British Honduras.","On some rare and new birds from British Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/77/mode/1up","Limnopardalis maculatus insolitus"],["3357","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus maculatus maculatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, to Peru and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED4E84CF",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 775.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Rallus maculatus"],["3358","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus nigricans","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.560","Blackish Rail","Blackish Rail","Blackish Rail",null,null,"wetlands and marshes with tall grasses, thickets and swamp ponds in the foothills of the Río Cauca Valley in the western and central Andes of Colombia, and in the foothills of the eastern Andes from southeastern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru, adjacent Brazil (Acre) and northwestern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado of Brazil from eastern Rio Grande do Norte southwestward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, west to western Goiás, southern Mato Grosso, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692766","blarai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blarai1","avibase-01FE1D04",null,null,"Paraguay, based on Azara, no. 371.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/590/mode/1up","Rallus nigricans"],["3359","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus nigricans caucae","(Conover, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Cauca Valley of Colombia (status unknown)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-549F0AFA",null,null,"Munchique, El Tambo, Cauca, Colombia, elev. 5700 feet","A new race of Rallus nigricans from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/189/mode/1up","Rallus nigricans caucae"],["3360","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Pardirallus nigricans nigricans","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.560",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, eastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-337ACFA1",null,null,"Paraguay, based on Azara, no. 371.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/590/mode/1up","Rallus nigricans"],["3361","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus","Bonaparte, 1858","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.599",null,null,null,"2025-1147","Generic limits in the Rallidae are modified based on mitochondrial (Brown et al. 2022) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence: taxa <em>cerverai; colombianus; </em>and <em>erythrops </em>are placed in <em>Mustelirallus</em>; taxon <em>schomburgkii </em>is placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus albicollis [Vieillot, 1819]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/611/mode/1up","Mustelirallus"],["3362","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus albicollis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.561","Ash-throated Crake","Ash-throated Crake","Ash-throated Crake",null,null,"northern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and eastern Brazil to Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and far northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692690","astcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astcra1","avibase-65A6922D",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, based on a single specimen from Villa Curuguati del Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/591/mode/1up","Rallus albicollis"],["3363","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus albicollis typhoeca","(Peters, 1932)","Check-list of birds of the world 2 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F3632FF",null,null,"Río Frio, Santa Marta, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50592#page/207/mode/1up","Porzana albicollis typhoeca"],["3364","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus albicollis albicollis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.561",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil to Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and far northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83DCB77D",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, based on a single specimen from Villa Curuguati del Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/591/mode/1up","Rallus albicollis"],["3365","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus cerverai","(Barbour & Peters, 1927)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.95","Zapata Rail","Zapata Rail","Zapata Rail","2025-1147","Generic limits in the Rallidae are modified based on mitochondrial (Brown et al. 2022) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence: taxa <em>cerverai; colombianus; </em>and <em>erythrops </em>are placed in <em>Mustelirallus</em>; taxon <em>schomburgkii </em>is placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>.","Zapata Swamp of southwestern Cuba","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692737","zaprai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zaprai1","avibase-F7E6722E",null,null,"Santo Tomas, Peninsula de Zapata, Cuba.","Two more remarkable new Birds from Cuba.",null,"Cyanolimnas cerverai"],["3366","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus erythrops","(Sclater, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.343 pl.21","Paint-billed Crake","Paint-billed Crake","Paint-billed Crake","2025-1147","Generic limits in the Rallidae are modified based on mitochondrial (Brown et al. 2022) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence: taxa <em>cerverai; colombianus; </em>and <em>erythrops </em>are placed in <em>Mustelirallus</em>; taxon <em>schomburgkii </em>is placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>.","damp grassland and thickets, freshwater marshes, ditches, and semi-dry grassy fields from northwestern Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panana, northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and Guianas to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, locally southward to northeastern Ecuador, Cauca and Magdalena valleys of central Colombia, and west of the Andes in northwestern Colombia, western Ecuador southward locally to west-central Peru, the Galapagos Islands, the Amazon basin southward across interior and eastern Brazil (to southern São Paulo and Santa Catarina), northern Paraguay, adjacent northeastern Argentina, and northern Bolivia, southward seasonally to northwestern Argentina, and locally in eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692760","pabcra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabcra","avibase-993DE54F",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Professor W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part II.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/365/mode/1up","Porzana erythrops"],["3367","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus erythrops olivascens","(Chubb, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama to Venezuela, the Guianas, northwestern Argentina, and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6B4AC21",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/59/mode/1up","Neocrex erythrops olivascens"],["3368","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus erythrops erythrops","(Sclater, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.343 pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos; coastal Peru (Lima to Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EC63C8A",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Professor W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part II.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/365/mode/1up","Porzana erythrops"],["3369","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus colombianus","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.171","Colombian Crake","Colombian Crake","Colombian Crake","2025-1147","Generic limits in the Rallidae are modified based on mitochondrial (Brown et al. 2022) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence: taxa <em>cerverai; colombianus; </em>and <em>erythrops </em>are placed in <em>Mustelirallus</em>; taxon <em>schomburgkii </em>is placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>.","marshes, grassy and shrubby fields and damp grassland from central Panama and northern Colombia southward along the Pacific lowlands of Colombia to west-central Ecuador",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692740","colcra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colcra2","avibase-E016F3AC",null,null,"Palomina, Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/197/mode/1up","Neocrex columbianus"],["3370","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus colombianus ripleyi","(Wetmore, 1967)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80 p.229-230",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00623A11",null,null,"Achiote, Colón, Panama","Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107570#page/269/mode/1up","Neocrex columbianus ripleyi"],["3371","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mustelirallus colombianus colombianus","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northeastern Colombia to coastal northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9654A385",null,null,"Palomina, Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/197/mode/1up","Neocrex columbianus"],["3372","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurolimnas","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.5 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus concolor [Gosse, 1847]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/53/mode/1up","Amaurolimnas"],["3373","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurolimnas concolor","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.369 pl.103","Uniform Crake","Uniform Crake","Uniform Crake",null,null,"southern Mexico to Ecuador, the Guianas, Brazil, eastern Peru, and Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692601","unicra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unicra1","avibase-C25C4DCB",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/387/mode/1up","Rallus concolor"],["3374","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurolimnas concolor concolor","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.369 pl.103",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Jamaica; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-6248826D",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/387/mode/1up","Rallus concolor"],["3375","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurolimnas concolor guatemalensis","(Lawrence, 1863)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A8C01D4",null,null,"Guatemala.","Descriptions of new birds of families Vireonidae and Rallidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18294#page/112/mode/1up","Corethrura guatemalensis"],["3376","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurolimnas concolor castaneus","(Pucheran, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela to the Guianas, Brazil, eastern Peru, and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DFA4094",null,null,"Brésil [=Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/297/mode/1up","Rallus castaneus"],["3377","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides","Pucheran, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fulica cayennensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 446). = Fulica cajanea Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/287/mode/1up","Aramides"],["3378","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides mangle","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.74, pl.97","Little Wood Rail","Little Wood-Rail","Little Wood-rail",null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692560","liwrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liwrai1","avibase-23A0F1AC",null,null,"'littora maris in locis paludosis' etc. = coast of Bahia, designated by Hellmayr, antea, 1929, p. 481.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/88/mode/1up","Gallinula mangle"],["3379","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides axillaris","Lawrence, 1863","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15 p.107","Rufous-necked Wood Rail","Rufous-necked Wood-Rail","Rufous-necked Wood-rail",null,null,"coastal northwestern Mexico to Trinidad and Suriname, and to far northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692565","rnwrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rnwrai1","avibase-4EAFBF4C",null,null,"Barranquilla, Colombia.","Descriptions of new birds of families Vireonidae and Rallidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18294#page/113/mode/1up","Aramides axillaris"],["3380","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides albiventris","Lawrence, 1868","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.234","Russet-naped Wood Rail","Russet-naped Wood-Rail","Russet-naped Wood-rail",null,null,"Guerrero on Pacific slope and southern Tamaulipas on Caribbean slope of Mexico, southward to Nicaragua and northeastern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154837304","runwor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runwor1","avibase-29D34534",null,null,"British Honduras.","Descriptions of five new species of Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/246/mode/1up","Aramides albiventris"],["3381","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides albiventris mexicanus","Bangs, 1907","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 41 p.178,185",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southward from northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49856948",null,null,"Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","On the Wood Rails, genus Aramides, occuring north of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137945#page/201/mode/1up","Aramides albiventris mexicanus"],["3382","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides albiventris vanrossemi","Dickey, 1929","The Condor 31, no.1 p.33,frontispiece",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southward from Guerrero) to southwestern Guatemala and western El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-814A5408",null,null,"Barra de Santiago, Ahuachapan, El Salvador.","A new Wood Rail from El Salvador.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol31/iss1/6/","Aramides vanrossemi"],["3383","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides albiventris albiventris","Lawrence, 1868","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, and northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81B78ADE",null,null,"British Honduras.","Descriptions of five new species of Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/246/mode/1up","Aramides albiventris"],["3384","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides albiventris pacificus","Miller & Griscom, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.25 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55FCDA76",null,null,"Tipitapa, Lake Managua, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central America, with notes on other little-known forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4606/","Aramides plumbeicollis pacificus"],["3385","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides albiventris plumbeicollis","Zeledón, 1888","Anales del Museo Nacional de Costa Rica 2 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65F8BA62",null,null,"Jimenez, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Anales_del_Instituto_F%C3%ADsico_Geografico/jNkSAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1","Aramides plumbeicollis"],["3386","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides ypecaha","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.568","Giant Wood Rail","Giant Wood-Rail","Giant Wood-rail",null,null,"marshes of southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692586","giwrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giwrai1","avibase-2C9F186F",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara no. 367.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/598/mode/1up","Rallus ypecaha"],["3387","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides cajaneus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.119","Grey-cowled Wood Rail","Gray-cowled Wood-Rail","Grey-cowled Wood-rail",null,null,"Costa Rica southward to the Guianas, Brazil, northern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154837348","gycwor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycwor1","avibase-A52752EF",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enl., pl. 352.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/139/mode/1up","Fulica Cajanea"],["3388","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides cajaneus cajaneus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica southward to northwestern Colombia (including islands off Panama) and, east of the Andes, to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil southward to northern Argentina and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB14490A",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enl., pl. 352.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/139/mode/1up","Fulica Cajanea"],["3389","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides cajaneus avicenniae","Stotz, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.232 [231-234]",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of southeastern Brazil (São Paulo southward at least to Paraná, and possibly to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C4237AA",null,null,"Iguape, São Paulo, Brazil","A new subspecies of Aramides cajanea from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/540/mode/1up","Aramides cajanea avicenniae"],["3390","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides wolfi","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.576","Brown Wood Rail","Brown Wood-Rail","Brown Wood-rail",null,null,"western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692581","brwrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwrai1","avibase-56FEE337",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/708/mode/1up","Aramides wolfi"],["3391","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides saracura","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.75, pl.98","Slaty-breasted Wood Rail","Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail","Slaty-breasted Wood-rail",null,null,"forest of southeastern Brazil to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692591","sbwrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbwrai1","avibase-AEB80F9B",null,null,"No type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/89/mode/1up","Gallinula saracura"],["3392","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramides calopterus","Sclater & Salvin, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.439 pl.28","Red-winged Wood Rail","Red-winged Wood-Rail","Red-winged Wood-rail",null,null,"eastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru (Loreto) and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692596","rwwrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rwwrai1","avibase-807F142A",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/535/mode/1up","Aramides calopterus"],["3393","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Canirallus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.600",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gallinula oculea [Hartlaub, 1855]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1894, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 23, p. 72).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/612/mode/1up","Canirallus"],["3394","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Canirallus oculeus","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.357","Grey-throated Rail","Gray-throated Rail","Grey-throated Rail",null,null,"rainforest of Sierra Leone to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692260","gytrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytrai1","avibase-AF31F966",null,null,"Río Boutry, Gold Coast [=Butre, Ghana], ","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/369/mode/1up","Gallinula oculea"],["3395","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus aquaticus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Flemming, 1821, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, p. 176).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/172/mode/1up","Rallus"],["3396","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus tenuirostris","Ridgway, 1874","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8 p.111","Aztec Rail","Aztec Rail","Mexican Rail",null,null,"central Mexico",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728525","kinrai2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kinrai2","avibase-8C41ABD3",null,null,"City of Mexico.","Notes upon American water birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/122/mode/1up","Rallus elegans var. tenuirostris"],["3397","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus obsoletus","Ridgway, 1874","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8 p.111","Ridgway's Rail","Ridgway's Rail","Ridgway's Rail",null,null,"coastal and tidal marshes, and freshwater marshes with emergent plants from the west-central coast of California southward to southern Baja California, and the Colorado River from westernmost Arizona and adjacent Nevada southward along the Pacific coast of Mexico to southern Jalisco, Colima, and western Guerrero",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731577","ridrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ridrai1","avibase-4185F617",null,null,"San Francisco, California.","Notes Upon American Water Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/122/mode/1up","Rallus elegans var. obsoletus"],["3398","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus obsoletus obsoletus","Ridgway, 1874","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"northern California (Humboldt Bay to Monterey Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-930E8874",null,null,"San Francisco, California.","Notes Upon American Water Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/122/mode/1up","Rallus elegans var. obsoletus"],["3399","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus obsoletus levipes","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California (Santa Barbara) to Baja California (Scammon's Lagoon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9D1891A",null,null,"Newport Landing, Los Angeles County [now in Orange County], California.","A new Rail from southern California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/59/mode/1up","Rallus levipes"],["3400","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus obsoletus yumanensis","Dickey, 1923","The Auk 40, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Salton Sea and Colorado River basin to western Mexico (Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5AFA659",null,null,"Bard, Imperial County, California.","Description of a new Clapper Rail from the Colorado river valley.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol40/iss1/9/","Rallus yumanensis"],["3401","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus obsoletus beldingi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.285 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Baja California from Magdalena Bay to Espírito Santo Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B919579",null,null,"Espiritu Santo Islands, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/375/mode/1up","Rallus beldingi"],["3402","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus wetmorei","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.3","Plain-flanked Rail","Plain-flanked Rail","Plain-flanked Rail",null,null,"very local in mangroves and coastal swamps of northwestern Venezuela",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692476","plfrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plfrai1","avibase-C452272A",null,null,"La Ciénaga, Venezuela, between Ocumare de la Costa and Turiamo, Aragua","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Rallus wetmorei"],["3403","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52","Mangrove Rail","Mangrove Rail","Mangrove Rail",null,null,"coastal mangroves and neighboring brackish marshes from eastern El Salvador southward to northwestern Costa Rica, northeastern Colombia eastward along coastal Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), to Trinidad and the Guianas, and southward along the coast of Brazil (south of the Amazon River mouth to Santa Catarina), and the Pacific coast of southwestern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62154828","manrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manrai1","avibase-89DB7F74",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum. 849.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Rallus longirostris"],["3404","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris phelpsi","Wetmore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts of northern Colombia (Guajira) and northern Venezuela (east to eastern Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF1752A6",null,null,"Laguna de Tucacas at Puerto Lopez, La Guajira, Colombia","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/227/mode/1up","Rallus longirostris phelpsi"],["3405","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris dillonripleyi","Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1987","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 41 (144) p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"coast of northeastern Venezuela (Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36D03718",null,null,"Manglar de Chacopata Estado Sucre, Venezuela","Cinco nuevas subespecies de aves (Rallidae, Trochilidae, Picidae, Furnariidae) y tres extensiones de distribucion para Venezuela.",null,"Rallus longirostris dillonripleyi"],["3406","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris margaritae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC7AE701",null,null,"Boca del Río, Margarita Island, Venezuela","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Rallus longirostris margaritae"],["3407","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris pelodramus","Oberholser, 1937","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 84 no.3018 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CABB9FE6",null,null,"Caroni Swamp, Island of Trinidad, March 16, 1902","A revision of the Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris Boddaert).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32837#page/361/mode/1up","Rallus longirostris pelodramus"],["3408","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris longirostris","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF6482BF",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum. 849.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Rallus longirostris"],["3409","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris crassirostris","Lawrence, 1871","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Amazon estuary to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B648608D",null,null,"Bahia.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/39/mode/1up","Rallus crassirostris"],["3410","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris cypereti","Taczanowski, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.747",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Colombia to Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A72A9855",null,null,"Santa Luzia, Tumbez Delta, Peru.","Supplément à la Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/461/mode/1up","Rallus cypereti"],["3411","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus longirostris berryorum","Maley, McCormack, Tsai et al., 2016","Western Birds 7 p. 268 [262-273]",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of eastern El Salvador, Honduras, and northern Nicaragua; population in northwestern Costa Rica presumably also refers to this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-202253B0",null,null,"1.73 km south-southwest of El Laure, at the upper end of the Bahía de San Lorenzo, Departamento Valle, Honduras; 13.4061° N, 87.3745° W, elevation 2 m.  James M. Maley (JMM 1583) on 24 July 2013","Fonseca Mangrove Rail: A new subspecies from Honduras.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312029927","Rallus longirostris berryorum"],["3412","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus elegans","Audubon, 1834","The Birds of America; from original drawings 3, no.41 pl.203","King Rail","King Rail","King Rail",null,null,"tidal, brackish and non-tidal marshes, swamps and rice fields in the Gulf of Mexico coast of the US southward seasonally and locally along the coast of Mexico to southern Veracruz; in the Atlantic coast from northeastern US southward to southern Florida and Cuba; also breeds locally northward to north-central US and southernmost Canada",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62155060","kinrai4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kinrai4","avibase-0BB84341",null,null,"Kentucky, South Carolina, Louisiana, and north to Camden, N. J. and Philadelphia = Charleston, S. C.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/210/","Rallus elegans"],["3413","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus elegans elegans","Audubon, 1834","The Birds of America; from original drawings 3, no.41 pl.203",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Canada and northeastern USA; winters to eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C02729FA",null,null,"Kentucky, South Carolina, Louisiana, and north to Camden, N. J. and Philadelphia = Charleston, S. C.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/210/","Rallus elegans"],["3414","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus elegans ramsdeni","Riley, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CC1ADF4",null,null,"Guantanamo, Cuba.","The King Rail of Cuba.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/115/mode/1up","Rallus elegans ramsdeni"],["3415","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.713","Clapper Rail","Clapper Rail","Clapper Rail",null,null,"brackish marshes and mangroves of the Atlantic coast from northeastern US, in southernmost Maine, southward to southern Florida, and westward along the Gulf of Mexico coast to northeastern Mexico, in northern Tamaulipas; also in the northern coast of Yucatan Peninsula southward to Belize and adjacent Guatemala; and in the Bahamas and the Greater and Lesser Antilles southward to Guadeloupe, except the Cayman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62155296","clarai11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clarai11","avibase-E893F98D",null,null,"'In Noveboraco,' restricted type locality. Long Island, New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/214/mode/1up","Rallus crepitans"],["3416","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans crepitans","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.713",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic coast (Connecticut to northeastern North Carolina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4CC78E1",null,null,"'In Noveboraco,' restricted type locality. Long Island, New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/214/mode/1up","Rallus crepitans"],["3417","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans waynei","Brewster, 1899","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Atlantic salt marshes (southeastern North Carolina to eastern Florida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB1C0E8",null,null,"St. Mary's, Camden County, Georgia.","An undescribed Clapper-Rail from Georgia and East Florida.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/64/mode/1up","Rallus crepitans waynei"],["3418","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans saturatus","Ridgway, 1880","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 5 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf Coast from southwestern Alabama to Texas (USA) and Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C61126D",null,null,"Louisiana, type from Rigolets, Lake Borgne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69164#page/160/mode/1up","Rallus longirostris var. saturatus"],["3419","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans scottii","Sennett, 1888","The Auk 5, no.3 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Florida (Pensacola to Cape Sable and Jupiter)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A37F2518",null,null,"Tarpon Springs, Florida.","A new form of Clapper Rail.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/15/","Rallus longirostris scottii"],["3420","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans insularum","Brooks, 1920","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"mangrove swamps of Florida Keys",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8F1543E",null,null,"Big Pine Key, Florida.","A new Clapper Rail from the Florida Keys.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42085#page/65/mode/1up","Rallus longirostris insularum"],["3421","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans coryi","Maynard, 1887","American Exchange and Mart and Household Journal 3 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"mangrove swamps of Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46744BD3",null,null,"Island off the south shore of Andros.","Description of five new species of birds from the Bahamas","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258596#page/3/mode/1up","Rallus Corrius"],["3422","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans caribaeus","Ridgway, 1880","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 5 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Greater Antilles (including Isla de la Juventud), and Lesser Antilles to Guadeloupe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0B21FB2",null,null,"West Indies, type from Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69164#page/160/mode/1up","Rallus longirostris var. caribaeus"],["3423","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus crepitans pallidus","Nelson, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Yucatan Peninsula, islands off Quintana Roo (southeastern Mexico), and Ycacos Lagoon (Belize)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-789EE84A",null,null,"Río Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/159/mode/1up","Rallus pallidus"],["3424","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus caerulescens","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.716","African Rail","African Rail","African Rail",null,null,"swamps and reedbeds of eastern and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692498","afrrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrrai1","avibase-5B443EDE",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/217/mode/1up","Rallus caerulescens"],["3425","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus madagascariensis","Verreaux, 1833","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.80","Madagascar Rail","Madagascar Rail","Madagascar Rail",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692504","madrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madrai1","avibase-DBBFE96E",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/98/mode/1up","Rallus Madagascariensis"],["3426","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus indicus","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.820","Brown-cheeked Rail","Brown-cheeked Rail","Eastern Water Rail",null,null,"breeds northern Mongolia and eastern Siberia (upper Yenisey and middle Lena rivers) to northeastern China, Sakhalin, and northern Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu); winters from eastern India, Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Laos eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725167","bncrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncrai1","avibase-ACD9E3E1",null,null,"Lower Bengal and India generally.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/184/mode/1up","Rallus indicus"],["3427","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus aquaticus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.153","Water Rail","Water Rail","Western Water Rail",null,null,"lowland to foothill reedbeds, marsh, and swamps, from Europe eastward to central Russia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Iran, northwestern India, and western China; northern populations winter to Nile River valley (Egypt), Arabian Peninsula, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725141","watrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watrai1","avibase-DE1D2DF4",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality. Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/172/mode/1up","Rallus aquaticus"],["3428","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus aquaticus hibernans","Salomonsen, 1930","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 90 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Iceland; possibly extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ED605BB",null,null,"Husavik, northern Iceland.","Remarks on some Bird-races from the Faroes and Iceland.",null,"Rallus aquaticus hibernans"],["3429","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus aquaticus aquaticus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia eastward to upper basin of River Ob; winters southward to northern Africa and eastward to the Caspian Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90B95150",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality. Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/172/mode/1up","Rallus aquaticus"],["3430","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus aquaticus korejewi","Zarudny, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash southward to Iran, Kashmir, and west-central China; winters patchily from Iraq to central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-783138FB",null,null,"Northeastern Turkestan, Buchara, Transcaspia and east Persia.","Rallus aquaticus korejewi Subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/223/mode/1up","Rallus aquaticus korejewi"],["3431","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus antarcticus","King, 1828","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.95","Austral Rail","Austral Rail","Austral Rail",null,null,"marshes of central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692486","ausrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausrai1","avibase-3DA5C1B9",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.","X. Extracts from a Letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [Concluded from Vol. III. p. 432.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/107/mode/1up","Rallus Antarcticus"],["3432","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus semiplumbeus","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.31","Bogota Rail","Bogota Rail","Bogota Rail",null,null,"freshwater marshes with dense reeds, sedges and rushes in the savanna and paramo of the Bogota plateau in the Andes of northeastern Colombia; also historically in an unknown locality in Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692482","bograi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bograi1","avibase-64D0CACB",null,null,"Bogotá.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/65/mode/1up","Rallus semiplumbeus"],["3433","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus semiplumbeus semiplumbeus","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7E0A3CF",null,null,"Bogotá.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/65/mode/1up","Rallus semiplumbeus"],["3434","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus semiplumbeus peruvianus","Taczanowski, 1886","Ornithologie du Pérou 3 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"one 1886 record from an unknown location in Peru","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA7187C4",null,null,"Peru?",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49582#page/323/mode/1up","Rallus peruvianus"],["3435","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus limicola","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.558","Virginia Rail","Virginia Rail",null,"2025-1128","Taxon <em>aequatorialis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Rallus limicola</em> based on vocalizations. However, further research, including genetics and a formal bioacoustic analysis, would be informative.","breeds southern Canada and USA; winters to Baja California, southeastern Mexico (Puebla, México, Veracruz, and Chiapas), and Guatemala",null,null,null,"virrai","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/virrai","avibase-87705CC4",null,null,"United States = Pennsylvania, ex Edwards, pl. 279.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/588/mode/1up","Rallus limicola"],["3436","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus limicola limicola","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.558",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Canada and USA; winters to Baja California and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A070E4E",null,null,"United States = Pennsylvania, ex Edwards, pl. 279.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/588/mode/1up","Rallus limicola"],["3437","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus limicola friedmanni","Dickerman, 1966","The Condor 68, no.2 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Puebla, México, Veracruz, and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FFB6DE4",null,null,"San Pedro Techuchulco, State of Mexico, collected 4 June 1961 by Robert W. Dickerman","A new subspecies of Virginia Rail from México.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol68/iss2/17/","Rallus limicola friedmanni"],["3438","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus aequatorialis","Sharpe, 1894","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 23 p.18 pl.2 fig.1","Ecuadorian Rail","Ecuadorian Rail",null,"2025-1128","Taxon <em>aequatorialis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Rallus limicola</em> based on vocalizations. However, further research, including genetics and a formal bioacoustic analysis, would be informative.","reedbeds in freshwater marshes and damp grasslands with rushes, sedges and tall grass in the Andes from far southern Colombia (Nariño and adjacent Putumayo) southward to southern Ecuador (southern Azuay), and in coastal marshes from central Peru, in La Libertad, southward to southeastern Arequipa",null,null,null,"virrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/virrai1","avibase-B3B3B0A0",null,null,"Colombia to Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34470#page/36/mode/1up","Rallus aequatorialis"],["3439","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus aequatorialis aequatorialis","Sharpe, 1894","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 23 p.18 pl.2 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Colombia (Nariño and far western Putumayo) and of Ecuador (south to northern Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9AAC3ED",null,null,"Colombia to Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34470#page/36/mode/1up","Rallus aequatorialis"],["3440","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallus aequatorialis meyerdeschauenseei","Fjeldså, 1990","Steenstrupia 16 p.109-116",null,null,null,null,null,"coast of Peru (La Libertad to Arequipa); possibly formerly occurred north to northwestern Ecuador (Imbabura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84DA5D15",null,null,"Pico, Ica, Perú.","Systematic relations of an assembly of allopatric rails from western South America (Aves: Rallidae).",null,"Rallus limicola meyerdeschauenseei"],["3441","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rougetius","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus abyssinicus [Rüppell, 1845]; type by virtual tautonymy = Rallus rougetii Guérin-Méneville, 1843",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/611/mode/1up","Rougetius"],["3442","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rougetius rougetii","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.322","Rouget's Rail","Rouget's Rail","Rouget's Rail",null,null,"highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692548","rourai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rourai1","avibase-5889EE23",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Oiseaux nouveaux découverts par MM. Ferret et Galinier pendant leur voyage en Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/330/mode/1up","Rallus Rougetii"],["3443","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Crecopsis","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.5 p.27",null,null,null,"2025-1132","Taxon <em>egregia </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Crecopsis </em>based on nuclear and genomic DNA evidence of non-monophyly with <em>Crex crex</em> (Garcia-R et al. 2020; Kirchman et al. 2021).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crecopsis egregia [Peters]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/53/mode/1up","Crecopsis"],["3444","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Crecopsis egregia","(Peters, 1854)","Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.134","African Crake","African Crake","African Crake","2025-1132","Taxon <em>egregia </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Crecopsis </em>based on nuclear and genomic DNA evidence of non-monophyly with <em>Crex crex</em> (Garcia-R et al. 2020; Kirchman et al. 2021).","sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal eastward to Kenya and southward to northern and eastern South Africa, except in driest areas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692539","afrcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrcra1","avibase-09A0F2EB",null,null,"Tete, Zambesi.","[Hr. Peters legte einige zu seinem Reisewerke gehörige Abbildungen von Vögeln vor.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/140/mode/1up","Ortygometra (Crex) egregia"],["3445","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Dryolimnas","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.5 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus cuvieri [Pucheran, 1845]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/54/mode/1up","Dryolimnas"],["3446","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Dryolimnas augusti","Mourer-Chauviré, Bour, Ribes & Moutou, 1999","Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 89 p.1,21","Reunion Rail","Reunion Rail","Reunion Rail",null,null,"formerly Réunion; extinct, last report 1674","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62258591","reurai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reurai1","avibase-7881EDFF",null,null,"Holocene. Caverne de la Tortue, locality of Saint-Paul, Reunion Island, Indian Ocean","The avifauna of Réunion Island (Mascarene Islands) at the time of the arrival of the first Europeans","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285751527","Dryolimnas augusti"],["3447","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Dryolimnas cuvieri","(Pucheran, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.279","White-throated Rail","White-throated Rail","White-throated Rail",null,null,"Malagasy region: Aldabra group (southwestern Seychelles), Madagascar, and Mauritius (central Mascarenes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692535","whtrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtrai1","avibase-41D9C3F5",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/289/mode/1up","Rallus Cuvieri"],["3448","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri","(Pucheran, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Madagascar; formerly Mauritius",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-577F5DB7",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/289/mode/1up","Rallus Cuvieri"],["3449","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus","(Günther, 1879)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.3, no.14 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra Island (southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BECC6B2",null,null,"Aldabra Island.","XVIII. On the Occurence of a Land-Rail (Rallus) in the Island of Aldabra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81199#page/182/mode/1up","Rallus gularis var. aldabrana"],["3450","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Dryolimnas cuvieri abbotti","(Ridgway, 1894)","The Auk 11, no.1 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Assumption Island (southwestern Seychelles); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C667D85",null,null,"Assumption Island, Indian Ocean","Note on Rougetius aldabranus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol11/iss1/23/","Rougetius abbotti"],["3451","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aphanapteryx","Forbes, 1892","Nature 46 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aphanapteryx imperialis [Frauenfeld, 1868]; type by monotypy = Apterornis bonasia Sélys-Longchamps, 1848",null,null,"https://www.nature.com/articles/046252a0","Aphanapteryx"],["3452","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aphanapteryx bonasia","(de Sélys Longchamps, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.294","Red Rail","Red Rail","Red Rail",null,null,"formerly Mauritius; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728884","redrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redrai1","avibase-3DC77A87",null,null,"Mauritius (in 1601)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/306/mode/1up","Apterornis bonasia"],["3453","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Erythromachus","Milne-Edwards, 1873","Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, Section des Sciences Naturelles 9, art.3 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Erythromachus leguati [Milne-Edwards, A, 1873]",null,"Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Îles Mascareignes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252329#page/6/mode/1up","Erythromachus"],["3454","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Erythromachus leguati","Milne-Edwards, 1873","Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, Section des Sciences Naturelles 9, art.3 p.6 pl.11 fig.1 pl.12 fig.3,4","Rodrigues Rail","Rodrigues Rail","Rodrigues Rail",null,null,"formerly Rodrigues; extinct, last report 1726","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728889","rodrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodrai1","avibase-EAA2FCBD",null,null,"Rodriguez Island","Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Îles Mascareignes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252329#page/6/mode/1up","Erythromachus leguati"],["3455","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Diaphorapteryx","Forbes, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.4 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aphanapteryx Hawkinsi [Forbes, HO, 1892]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/47/mode/1up","Diaphorapteryx"],["3456","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi","(Forbes, 1892)","Nature 45 p.416","Hawkins's Rail","Hawkins's Rail","Hawkins's Rail",null,null,"formerly Chatham Island; extinct, may have survived until 1895","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733394","hawrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawrai1","avibase-FFFAC0E6",null,null,"Chatham Islands, 500 miles east of Banks Peninsula, New Zealand",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63866#page/458/mode/1up","Aphanapteryx Hawkinsi"],["3457","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aphanocrex","Wetmore, 1963","Ibis vol.103b, no.3 p.379-381",null,null,null,"2025-1159","An interim decision on species limits in <em>Laterallus </em>is based mostly on the multilocus, nuclear, and genomic data of Stervander et al. (2019), Garcia-R et al. (2020), Kirchman et al. (2021) and Depino et al. (2023), supported in part by vocal, morphological, and ecological evidence. Accordingly, a polytypic <em>Rufirallus </em>is recognized, with <em>fasciatus, leucopyrrhus</em>, and <em>xenopterus </em>placed there, along with <em>viridis </em>and <em>schomburgkii,</em> as these form a monophyletic clade (Depino et al. 2023) sister to the remaining genera; taxon <em>castaneiceps </em>has been placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>, but placement in a monotypic <em>Anurolimnas </em>is well supported by recent studies (Kirchman et al. 2021; Depino et al. 2023); although genetic data are lacking, taxon <em>podarces </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Aphanocrex </em>based on its distinctive morphology; taxon <em>notatus </em>is placed in <em>Laterallus </em>rather than <em>Coturnicops </em>based on Depino et al. (2023); all remaining species (<em>melanophaius, levraudi, albigularis, ruber, exilis, rogersi, spiloptera, spilonota, jamaicensis</em> and <em>flaviventer</em>) are placed in <em>Laterallus</em>. Further revisions are likely subject to publication of ongoing integrative research.",null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aphanocrex podarces [Wetmore, 1963]",null,"An extinct rail from the island of St. Helena","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1963.tb06760.x","Aphanocrex"],["3458","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aphanocrex podarces","Wetmore, 1963","Ibis vol.103b, no.3 p.379 pl.9","St. Helena Rail","St. Helena Rail","Saint Helena Crake",null,null,"formerly St. Helena Island; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728754","sthcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthcra1","avibase-11CBD603",null,null,"left tarsometatarsus, with talon and adjacent area on the proximal articular surface missing; otherwise complete. From silts deposited at Prosperous Bay on the eastern side of St. Helena Island, collected 24 April, 1959, by D. F. Dorward and N. P. Ashmole.","An extinct rail from the island of St. Helena","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1963.tb06760.x","Aphanocrex podarces"],["3459","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mundia","Bourne, Ashmole & Simmons, 2003","Ardea 91 p.45,49",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Atlantisia elpenor [Olson, 1973]",null,"A new subfossil night heron and a new genus for the extinct rail Ascension Island, central tropical Atlantic Ocean","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=208","Mundia"],["3460","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Mundia elpenor","(Olson, 1973)","Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 152 p.ii,7","Ascension Crake","Ascension Crake","Ascension Crake",null,null,"formerly Ascension Island; extinct, may have survived until 1815","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728746","asccra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asccra1","avibase-350C5D1E",null,null,"depression on the east side of the southernmost chamber of the largest fumarole located about 260 meters true north of the summit of Sisters Peak, Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean (approximately 7°55'25\"S; 14°22'15\"W), on 17 June 1970, by Storrs L. Olson and Jesse M. Couch","The evolution of the Rails of the South Atlantic Islands (Aves: Rallidae)","http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.152","Atlantisia elpenor"],["3461","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Crex","Bechstein, 1803","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 2 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crex pratensis (=Rallus crex) [Bechstein, 1803]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Rallus crex Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/378/mode/1up","Crex"],["3462","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Crex crex","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.153","Corn Crake","Corn Crake","Corncrake",null,null,"breeds British Isles eastward to northwestern China and central Siberia, and southward from central Europe, the Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan, northwestern Xinjiang (northwestern China), and northern Mongolia; winters mainly from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Tanzania southward to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692543","corcra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corcra","avibase-7E257242",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/172/mode/1up","Rallus Crex"],["3463","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramidopsis","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rallus plateni [W. Blasius, 1886]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/80/mode/1up","Aramidopsis"],["3464","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aramidopsis plateni","(Blasius, 1886)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen [3 March] no.52FALSE","Snoring Rail","Snoring Rail","Snoring Rail",null,null,"mainly lowland forest and edge, Sulawesi; very local and rare",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692552","plarai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plarai1","avibase-80EC4AB6",null,null,"Rurukan, Celebes.",null,null,"Rallus plateni"],["3465","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.120,150",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rallus lewini [Swainson, 1838]; type by original designation and virtual tautonymy = Rallus pectoralis Temminck, 1831  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/132/mode/1up","Lewinia"],["3466","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia striata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.262","Slaty-breasted Rail","Slaty-breasted Rail","Slaty-breasted Rail",null,null,"lowland to foothill wetland, marshy meadows, reedbeds, and mangroves, from Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka, eastward to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward through southeastern Asia to the Greater Sundas and Philippines; some populations winter to Indonesia, eastward to Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692463","slbrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbrai1","avibase-139D3221",null,null,"Philippines, restricted to Manila, Island of Luzon, by Oberholser, postea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/266/mode/1up","Rallus striatus"],["3467","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia striata albiventer","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"India and Sri Lanka to southern China (Yunnan) and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57F0C91B",null,null,"India [=India, Following Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 2: 152]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/349/mode/1up","Rallus albiventer"],["3468","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia striata obscurior","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A122F23F",null,null,"Andaman Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/320/mode/1up","Hypotaenidia obscuriora"],["3469","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia striata jouyi","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.576 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern China (including Hainan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B7E78F4",null,null,"Shanghai, China","Description of Rallus jouyi , with Remarks on Rallus striatus and Rallus gularis","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/376/mode/1up","Rallus jouyi"],["3470","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia striata taiwana","(Yamashina, 1932)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 7, no.35 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C43DFFC",null,null,"Rilan, Taito-siu, Formosa [Taiwan]","Two New Subspecies of Birds from Taiwan","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo.7.35_414","Hypotaenidia striata taiwana"],["3471","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia striata gularis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"Vietnam, Laos, and the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76607878",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/215/mode/1up","Rallus gularis"],["3472","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia striata striata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo, Sulawesi, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5561568",null,null,"Philippines, restricted to Manila, Island of Luzon, by Oberholser, postea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/266/mode/1up","Rallus striatus"],["3473","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia mirifica","(Parkes & Amadon, 1959)","Wilson Bulletin 71, no.4 p.303-306","Brown-banded Rail","Luzon Rail","Brown-banded Rail",null,null,"montane north-central Luzon (northern Philippines); few recent records",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692509","luzrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzrai1","avibase-F7CE0777",null,null,"Santa Fé (Dalton Pass), near Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands","A new species of Rail from the Philippine Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol71/iss4/1/","Rallus mirificus"],["3474","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia muelleri","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.8 p.40","Auckland Rail","Auckland Islands Rail","Auckland Island Rail",null,null,"predator-free islands of Auckland Islands (Adams and Disappointment)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692529","auirai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auirai1","avibase-C5AFD635",null,null,"Auckland Island.","Rallus muelleri, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/66/mode/1up","Rallus muelleri"],["3475","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia pectoralis","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.5 text to pl.523","Lewin's Rail","Lewin's Rail","Lewin's Rail",null,null,"central Lesser Sundas, New Guinea, and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692521","lewrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lewrai1","avibase-8B6FB21F",null,null,"Oceania = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/514/mode/1up","Rallus pectoralis"],["3476","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia pectoralis exsul","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"known from 4 specimens from western Flores Island (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEE92317",null,null,"Mangarai district, South Flores.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/66/mode/1up","Hypotaenidia brachypus exsul"],["3477","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia pectoralis mayri","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern to east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D90F9896",null,null,"Kofo, Anggi Gidji, Arfak Mts., New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/141/mode/1up","Rallus pectoralis mayri"],["3478","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia pectoralis alberti","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1907)","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E6ACF7C",null,null,"Owgarra, Angabunga River, British New Guinea.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. A. S. Meek in the Mountains on the Upper Aroa River, and on the Angabunga River, British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/471/mode/1up","Hypotaenidia brachypus alberti"],["3479","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia pectoralis clelandi","(Mathews, 1911)","The birds of Australia 1 pt4 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southwestern Australia; extinct, last recorded 1930s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-760E6480",null,null,"West Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/301/mode/1up","Rallus pectoralis clelandi"],["3480","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia pectoralis pectoralis","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.5 text to pl.523",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-197A980C",null,null,"Oceania = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/514/mode/1up","Rallus pectoralis"],["3481","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Lewinia pectoralis brachipus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (King and Flinders islands, north of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C39A739",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/348/mode/1up","Rallus brachipus"],["3482","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus","de Lafresnaye, 1841","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.243",null,null,null,"2025-1131","A broad genus <em>Gallirallus </em>is recognized based on available evidence. Sometimes split into 5 or 6 genera based on mitochondrial (Garcia-R et al. 2014) or genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence. However, the presence of short internodes, relatively shallow branch lengths, and inconsistent support for relationships between datasets (see also Kirchman et al. 2012; Boast et al. 2019) suggest that species included in <em>Aptenorallus, Habroptila, Eulabeornis, Cabalus</em>, and <em>Hypotaenidia </em>are best subsumed in <em>Gallirallus </em>pending further research.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gallirallus brachypterus [Lafresnaye, 1841]; type by monotypy = Rallus australis Sparrman, 1786",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/251/mode/1up","Gallirallus"],["3483","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus calayanensis","Allen, Oliveros, Española et al., 2004","Forktail 20 p.1-7","Calayan Rail","Calayan Rail","Calayan Rail",null,null,"Calayan Island (far northern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732059","calrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calrai1","avibase-CB7F715F",null,null,"19 19.348’N 121 26.905’E, Longog, Barangay Magsidel, Calayan island, municipality of Calayan, Cagayan province, Philippines, at an altitude of 300 m.  collected by Carl Oliveros on 14 May 2004","A new species of Gallirallus from Calayan Island, Philippines","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242768254","Gallirallus calayanensis"],["3484","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus wallacii","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.365 pl.172","Invisible Rail","Invisible Rail","Invisible Rail",null,null,"Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692781","invrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/invrai1","avibase-2BE28F60",null,null,"Halmahera.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/463/mode/1up","Habroptila wallacii"],["3485","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus lafresnayanus","Verreaux & des Murs, 1860","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.10 p.437","New Caledonian Rail","New Caledonian Rail","New Caledonian Rail",null,null,"forest of New Caledonia (probably extinct; no definite records since 1890)","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692388","necrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necrai1","avibase-C3A12025",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/441/mode/1up","Gallirallus Lafresnayanus"],["3486","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus australis","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.xiv pl.14","Weka","Weka","Weka",null,null,"North, South, and Stewart islands and satellite islands (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692384","weka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weka1","avibase-0136C1F3",null,null,"New Zealand, restricted type locality, Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/68/mode/1up","Rallus australis"],["3487","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus australis greyi","(Buller, 1888)","A history of the birds of New Zealand. 2nd ed. 2 p.105 pl.34",null,null,null,null,null,"North Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2164DDB",null,null,"North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/222883#page/147/mode/1up","Ocydromus greyi"],["3488","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus australis australis","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.xiv pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F713E25",null,null,"New Zealand, restricted type locality, Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/68/mode/1up","Rallus australis"],["3489","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus australis hectori","(Hutton, 1874)","Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 6 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly South Island (New Zealand); introduced Chatham Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1058586",null,null,"Te Anau Lake, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104341#page/146/mode/1up","Ocydromus hectori"],["3490","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus australis scotti","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Stewart, Solander, and Codfish islands (southern New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4F9B0E7",null,null,"Port Pegasus, Stewart Island, New Zealand.","On a new species of Weka Rail from Stewart Island, New Zealand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/690/mode/1up","Ocydromus scotti"],["3491","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus castaneoventris","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.133 p.56","Chestnut Rail","Chestnut Rail","Chestnut Rail",null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and coastal northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692778","cherai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cherai1","avibase-EC514143",null,null,"North coast of Australia = Flinders River, Gulf of Carpenteria, apud Mathews.","Exhibition of a series of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/68/mode/1up","Eulabeornis castaneoventris"],["3492","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus castaneoventris sharpei","(Rothschild, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06E248CD",null,null,"Wokan, Aru Islands.","On two new subspecies of the genera Granatellus and Eulabeornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/107/mode/1up","Eulabeornis castaneiventris sharpei"],["3493","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus castaneoventris castaneoventris","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.133 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Australia (northern Western Australia to southeastern Northern Territory, and formerly northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D33C6E",null,null,"North coast of Australia = Flinders River, Gulf of Carpenteria, apud Mathews.","Exhibition of a series of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/68/mode/1up","Eulabeornis castaneoventris"],["3494","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus pacificus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.717","Tahiti Rail","Tahiti Rail","Tahiti Rail",null,null,"formerly Tahiti; extinct, last reported 1800; reports from Mehetia probably erroneous","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692450","tahrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tahrai1","avibase-6872F033",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/218/mode/1up","Rallus pacificus"],["3495","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus modestus","(Hutton, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.7 p.247","Chatham Rail","Chatham Islands Rail","Chatham Islands Rail",null,null,"formerly Chatham Islands; extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728873","chirai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chirai1","avibase-CB21BCEA",null,null,"Chatham Islands, type from Mangare Island.","Notes on some Birds from the Chatham Islands, collected by H. H. Travers, Esq. ; with Descriptions of two new Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/283/mode/1up","Rallus modestus"],["3496","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus okinawae","(Yamashina & Mano, 1981)","Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 13 p.1-6","Okinawa Rail","Okinawa Rail","Okinawa Rail",null,null,"forest and edge from lowlands to hills of northern Okinawa (Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692412","okirai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/okirai1","avibase-4060A1CC",null,null,"Woodland path near Mt. Fuenchiji, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa Pref.","A new species of rail from Okinawa Island.","https://doi.org/10.3312/jyio1952.13.147","Rallus okinawae"],["3497","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus torquatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.262","Barred Rail","Barred Rail","Barred Rail",null,null,"Philippines, islets off Sabah (Malaysian Borneo), Sulawesi and satellite islands, and western New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692418","barrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barrai1","avibase-19FA27ED",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/266/mode/1up","Rallus torquatus"],["3498","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus torquatus torquatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CBD9D0C",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/266/mode/1up","Rallus torquatus"],["3499","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus torquatus celebensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.250 Atlas Ois. pl.24 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B44B453",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/308/mode/1up","Rallus celebensis"],["3500","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus torquatus sulcirostris","(Wallace, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng (Banggai Islands), and Taliabu, Mangoli, and Sanana (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE4193A1",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/399/mode/1up","Rallus sulcirostris"],["3501","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus torquatus kuehni","(Rothschild, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Binongko and Kaledupa, in Tukangbesi Islands (southeast of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54D0579D",null,null,"Tukang Besi Islands, type from Binongka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/337/mode/1up","Hypotaenidia kuehni"],["3502","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus torquatus limaria","(Peters, 1934)","Check-list of birds of the world 2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44570BB5",null,null,"Ins. Salawatti et Papua borealis.  [=Salawati and northern Papua]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50592#page/188/mode/1up","Rallus torquatus limarius"],["3503","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus poecilopterus","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.6 p.171","Bar-winged Rail","Bar-winged Rail","Bar-winged Rail",null,null,"formerly Viti Levu and Ovalau, Fiji (western Polynesia); extinct, last reported 1973","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728740","bawrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawrai1","avibase-F175515D",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.","On Five New Species of Birds from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/203/mode/1up","Rallina poeciloptera"],["3504","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus insignis","(Sclater, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.66 pl.8","Pink-legged Rail","New Britain Rail","New Britain Rail",null,null,"forest of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692421","nebrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebrai1","avibase-73EDAFFC",null,null,"New Britain, type from Kahabadai.","On a Fifth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and its Vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/112/mode/1up","Rallus insignis"],["3505","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus dieffenbachii","(Gray, 1843)","Travels in New Zealand; with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country 2 p.197","Dieffenbach's Rail","Dieffenbach's Rail","Dieffenbach's Rail",null,null,"formerly Chatham Islands; extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692455","dierai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dierai1","avibase-2215EBD4",null,null,"Chatham Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67828#page/211/mode/1up","Rallus Dieffenbachii"],["3506","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus owstoni","(Rothschild, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.4 p.481","Guam Rail","Guam Rail","Guam Rail",null,null,"forest of Guam (southern Mariana Islands); extinct in the wild until successfully reintroduced to Rota (southernmost Northern Mariana Islands) and Cocos Island (just south of Guam)","previously Extinct in the Wild, but reintroduced","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692441","guarai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guarai1","avibase-8E3F31AB",null,null,"Guam, Marianne Islands.","A new species of Rail.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/507/mode/1up","Hypotaenidia owstoni"],["3507","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus woodfordi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1889)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.4, no.22 p.320","Woodford's Rail","Woodford's Rail",null,"2025-1129","Taxa <em>immaculatus </em>and <em>tertius </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Gallirallus woodfordi</em> based on similarities in plumage and vocalizations. A more thorough analysis of vocalizations in conjunction with genetic data may be informative.","Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,"woorai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woorai1","avibase-1E0886D6",null,null,"Aola, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.","XLI. Third Contribution to the List of Birds collected by Mr. C. M. Woodford in the Solomon Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53340#page/334/mode/1up","Rallina Woodfordi"],["3508","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus woodfordi tertius","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1417 p.1-38",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF379387",null,null,"Bougainville, Solomon Islands","Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4382/","Nesoclopeus woodfordi tertius"],["3509","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus woodfordi woodfordi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1889)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.4, no.22 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0269AE28",null,null,"Aola, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.","XLI. Third Contribution to the List of Birds collected by Mr. C. M. Woodford in the Solomon Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53340#page/334/mode/1up","Rallina Woodfordi"],["3510","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus woodfordi immaculatus","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1417 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"locally on Santa Isabel (east-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE7D254A",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands","Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4382/","Nesoclopeus woodfordi immaculatus"],["3511","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus wakensis","(Rothschild, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.78","Wake Island Rail","Wake Island Rail","Wake Island Rail",null,null,"formerly Wake Island; extinct, last reported 1944","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692447","wairai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wairai1","avibase-0C903B9A",null,null,"Wake Island, lat. 19° N., long. 167° E., Pacific Ocean.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Rail from Wake Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/454/mode/1up","Hypotaenidia wakensis"],["3512","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus sylvestris","(Sclater, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.472 pl.35","Lord Howe Woodhen","Lord Howe Rail","Lord Howe Woodhen",null,null,"Lord Howe Island (east of Australia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692395","lohrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lohrai1","avibase-A2D6E35A",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","Characters of a new Species of Ocydromus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/564/mode/1up","Ocydromus sylvestris"],["3513","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus rovianae","Diamond, 1991","The Auk 108, no.3 p.462,front.","Roviana Rail","Roviana Rail","Roviana Rail",null,null,"New Georgia Group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692438","rovrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rovrai1","avibase-6BAC1873",null,null,"near Munda, New Georgia, Solomon Islands","A new species of rail from the Solomon Islands and convergent evolution of insular flightlessness.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol108/iss3/1/","Gallirallus rovianae"],["3514","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.263","Buff-banded Rail","Buff-banded Rail","Buff-banded Rail",null,null,"Philippines southward through Wallacea to New Guinea and Australia and eastward to Palau, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tongam Samoa, and Niue; formerly Macquarie Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692425","bubrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubrai1","avibase-732D08C3",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/267/mode/1up","Rallus philippensis"],["3515","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis andrewsi","(Mathews, 1911)","The birds of Australia 1 pt4 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Cocos (Keeling) Islands (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3261D00",null,null,"Horsbrough Island, Cocos Keeling Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/313/mode/1up","Eulabeornis philippensis andrewsi"],["3516","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis xerophilus","(van Bemmel & Hoogerwerf, 1940)","Treubia 17, no.5 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"Gunungapi Island (Banda Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C64AE02",null,null,"Goenoeng Api, S. Banda Sea [=Gunung Api]","The birds of Goenoeng Api.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i5.2590","Hypotaenidia philippensis xerophila"],["3517","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis wilkinsoni","(Mathews, 1911)","The birds of Australia 1 pt4 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D14AFBB",null,null,"'South Flores.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/312/mode/1up","Eulabeornis philippensis wilkinsoni"],["3518","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis philippensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines, Sulawesi, Sula Islands (Taliabu), Moluccas (Buru), and the Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B896A92E",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/267/mode/1up","Rallus philippensis"],["3519","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis pelewensis","(Mayr, 1933)","American Museum Novitates no.609 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A8218FB",null,null,"Palau Islands, Micronesia","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 23, Two new birds from Micronesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3875/","Hypotaenidia philippensis pelewensis"],["3520","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis anachoretae","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1417 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Anchorite Islands (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58C8C125",null,null,"Anchorite Island","Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4382/","Rallus philippensis anachoretae"],["3521","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis admiralitatis","(Stresemann, 1929)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9608C20D",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0183-0191.pdf#page=8","Hypotaenidia philippensis admiralitatis"],["3522","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis praedo","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1417 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Skoki Island (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14362591",null,null,"Skoki Island, Sabben group, Admiralty Island","Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4382/","Rallus philippensis praedo"],["3523","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis lesouefi","(Mathews, 1911)","The birds of Australia 1 pt4 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, Tabar, and Tanga (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1101DBEF",null,null,"New Hanover.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/312/mode/1up","Eulabeornis philippensis lesouefi"],["3524","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis meyeri","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Witu Islands and New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DB5207B",null,null,"Witu Island.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/141/mode/1up","Hypotaenidia philippensis meyeri"],["3525","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis christophori","(Mayr, 1938)","American Museum Novitates no.1007 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41C5D62F",null,null,"San Cristobal, Solomon Islands, 1900 feet","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 40, Notes on New Guinea birds. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3799/","Rallus philippensis christophori"],["3526","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis sethsmithi","(Mathews, 1911)","The birds of Australia 1 pt4 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu and Fiji (probably extirpated on Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, remaining common on Taveuni and present on other satellite islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A1A274A",null,null,"Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/311/mode/1up","Eulabeornis philippensis sethsmithi"],["3527","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis swindellsi","(Mathews, 1911)","The birds of Australia 1 pt4 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF63E2D1",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/312/mode/1up","Eulabeornis philippensis swindellsi"],["3528","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis goodsoni","(Mathews, 1911)","The birds of Australia 1 pt4 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"Samoa and Niue Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C33CDDE",null,null,"Samoa, type from Upolu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/311/mode/1up","Eulabeornis philippensis goodsoni"],["3529","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis ecaudatus","(Miller, 1783)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.8 pl.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Tonga",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B606FD5D",null,null,"Otaheitee [=Tahiti]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/117/mode/1up","Rallus ecaudata"],["3530","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis assimilis","(Gray, 1843)","Travels in New Zealand; with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country 2 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0ADFA3D",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67828#page/211/mode/1up","Rallus assimilis"],["3531","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis macquariensis","(Hutton, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.455",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1880s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-444839DC",null,null,"Macquarie Islands.","On a new Species of Rail from Macquarie Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/507/mode/1up","Rallus macquariensis"],["3532","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis lacustris","(Mayr, 1938)","American Museum Novitates no.1007 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea and Long Island (off northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C33C76",null,null,"Ifar, Sentani Lake, New Guinea","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 40, Notes on New Guinea birds. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3799/","Rallus philippensis lacustris"],["3533","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis tounelieri","Schodde & de Naurois, 1982","Notornis 29, no.2 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"Coral Sea islets (southeastern New Guinea to northern New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-082195C9",null,null,"Île Longe, Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea","Patterns of variation and dispersal in the Buff-breasted Rail ( Galliralus philippensis ) in the South-west Pacific, with description of a new subspecies","https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/patterns-of-variation-and-dispersal-in-the-buff-banded-rail-gallirallus-philippensis-in-the-south-west-pacific-with-description-of-a-new-subspecies/","Gallirallus philippensis tounelieri"],["3534","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallirallus philippensis mellori","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea, and Australia including Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-253DB5A1",null,null,"Sandy Hook Island, South- West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/216/mode/1up","Eulabeornis philippensis mellori"],["3535","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Himantornis","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Himantornis haematopus [Hartlaub, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,"Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, holländischem Residenten an der Goldküste, daselbst gesammelten Vögelarten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/369/mode/1up","Himantornis"],["3536","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Himantornis haematopus","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.357","Nkulengu Rail","Nkulengu Rail","Nkulengu Rail",null,null,"humid forest of Sierra Leone to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692256","nkurai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nkurai1","avibase-8D6E495E",null,null,"Dabocrom, Gold Coast.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/369/mode/1up","Himantornis haematopus"],["3537","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gymnocrex","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.678",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rallina rosenbergii [Schlegel, 1866]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/684/mode/1up","Gymnocrex"],["3538","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gymnocrex rosenbergii","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.212","Blue-faced Rail","Blue-faced Rail","Blue-faced Rail",null,null,"Sulawesi and Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692604","bafrai2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bafrai2","avibase-87A94D23",null,null,"Kema, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/226/mode/1up","Rallina rosenbergii"],["3539","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gymnocrex talaudensis","Lambert, 1998","Forktail 13 p.1-6 front. pl.1-3","Talaud Rail","Talaud Rail","Talaud Rail",null,null,"Karekelong Island (Talaud Archipelago)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728616","talrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/talrai1","avibase-732EAD28",null,null,"Beo, Karakelong Island, Talaud (4 14'N 126 47'E) from a hunter who trapped it near Rainis (4 14'N, 126 51'E) at an altitude of less than 150 m","A new species of Gymnocrex from the Talaud Islands, Indonesia.","https://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Lambert-Gymnocrex.pdf","Gymnocrex talaudensis"],["3540","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gymnocrex plumbeiventris","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.432,438","Bare-eyed Rail","Bare-eyed Rail","Bare-eyed Rail",null,null,"northern Moluccas and New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692609","baerai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baerai1","avibase-A3BFE353",null,null,"Misol.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/544/mode/1up","Rallus plumbeiventris"],["3541","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gymnocrex plumbeiventris plumbeiventris","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.432,438",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas, New Guinea including Misool, Aru Islands, and Karkar, and New Ireland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FA9D86A",null,null,"Misol.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/544/mode/1up","Rallus plumbeiventris"],["3542","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gymnocrex plumbeiventris intactus","(Sclater, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.123 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"known from two specimens, at least one from New Britain and the other perhaps also from there","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-94F90B5A",null,null,"Solomon Islands",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/167/mode/1up","Rallus intactus"],["3543","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyriops","Pucheran, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.278.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fulica crassirostris [Gray, JE]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/288/mode/1up","Porphyriops"],["3544","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyriops melanops","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.553","Spot-flanked Gallinule","Spot-flanked Gallinule","Spot-flanked Gallinule",null,null,"temperate eastern Andes of Colombia and southward to Argentina and Chile (except far south)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692887","spfgal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spfgal1","avibase-43AF4EA8",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/583/mode/1up","Rallus melanops"],["3545","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyriops melanops bogotensis","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F3933E4",null,null,"Savanna of Bogotá, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Porphyriops melanops bogotensis"],["3546","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyriops melanops crassirostris","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"Argentina and Chile (except far south)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF39FCA6",null,null,"South America; the type agrees with specimens from Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103567#page/654/mode/1up","Fulica crassirostris"],["3547","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyriops melanops melanops","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"Peru to eastern Bolivia and eastern Brazil to Uruguay and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DBA5854",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/583/mode/1up","Rallus melanops"],["3548","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Tribonyx","Du Bus de Gisignies, 1840","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 7, pt.1 p.212.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tribonix mortierii [Du Bus, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53788#page/244/mode/1up","Tribonyx"],["3549","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Tribonyx ventralis","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.85","Black-tailed Nativehen","Black-tailed Nativehen","Black-tailed Native-hen",null,null,"Australia (except far north, eastern coast, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692893","btnhen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btnhen1","avibase-B0A6B924",null,null,"Swan River, West Australia.","Characters of some new species of Birds from Swan River.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/99/mode/1up","Gallinula ventralis"],["3550","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Tribonyx mortierii","Du Bus de Gisignies, 1840","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 7, pt.1 p.214 pl.2","Tasmanian Nativehen","Tasmanian Nativehen","Tasmanian Native-hen",null,null,"Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692900","tanhen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tanhen1","avibase-4CF76CCF",null,null,"'Nouvelle Hollande' = Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53788#page/246/mode/1up","Tribonyx Mortierii"],["3551","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porzana","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.61",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rallus porzana [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Rallus porzana Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f67.item","Porzana"],["3552","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porzana carolina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.153","Sora","Sora","Sora",null,null,"breeds southern Alaska to northern Baja California and southern USA; winters to West Indies and northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692684","sora","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sora","avibase-2CC21529",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/172/mode/1up","Rallus carolinus"],["3553","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porzana porzana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.262","Spotted Crake","Spotted Crake","Spotted Crake",null,null,"breeds British Isles (very locally) and Spain eastward across southern Scandinavia and northern Mediterranean to western and central Russia, Arabian Peninsula, and northwestern Mongolia; winters Mediterranean to southern Africa and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692676","spocra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spocra1","avibase-460708F9",null,null,"Europe = France, ex Brissonian reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/266/mode/1up","Rallus Porzana"],["3554","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porzana fluminea","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.139","Australian Crake","Australian Crake","Australian Crake",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania, except far north",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692680","auscra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auscra1","avibase-C1F82F7A",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/291/mode/1up","Porzana fluminea"],["3555","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Paragallinula","Sangster, García-R & Trewick, 2015","European Journal of Taxonomy 153 1-8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gallinula angulata [Sundevall, 1850]",null,"A new genus for the Lesser Moorhen Gallinula angulata Sundevall, 1850 (Aves, Rallidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283901793","Paragallinula"],["3556","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Paragallinula angulata","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.110","Lesser Moorhen","Lesser Moorhen","Lesser Moorhen",null,null,"aquatic habitats from Senegambia eastward to central Ethiopia, southward to central Namibia and east-central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692883","lesmoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesmoo1","avibase-A927C1AE",null,null,"Lower Caffraria, i.e. Natal, type from the Umlazi River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/120/mode/1up","Gallinula angulata"],["3557","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.50;6, p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fulica chloropus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Fulica chloropus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/92/mode/1up","Gallinula"],["3558","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula pacifica","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.25 pl.2","Samoan Woodhen","Samoan Moorhen","Samoan Moorhen",null,null,"formerly Sava'i Island (western Samoa); probably extinct, last reported 1873","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692854","sammoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sammoo1","avibase-B24640E2",null,null,"Savaii, Samoan Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from Savai and Rarotonga Islands in the Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/55/mode/1up","Pareudiastes pacificus"],["3559","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula silvestris","(Mayr, 1933)","American Museum Novitates no.590 p.1","Makira Woodhen","Makira Moorhen","Makira Moorhen",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands); the only specimen was collected in 1929","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692857","sacmoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacmoo1","avibase-81D7CF63",null,null,"San Cristobal Island, British Solomon Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 22, Three new genera from Polynesia and Melanesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4192/","Edithornis silvestris"],["3560","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula tenebrosa","Gould, 1846","The birds of Australia 6 (pt.22) pl.73, with text","Dusky Moorhen","Dusky Moorhen","Dusky Moorhen",null,null,"Wallacea, New Guinea, eastern Australia including Tasmania, New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago), and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692880","dusmoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusmoo1","avibase-0BA183A7",null,null,"South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188477#page/301/mode/1up","Gallinula tenebrosa"],["3561","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula tenebrosa frontata","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Borneo to Sulawesi, southern Moluccas, Lesser Sundas, and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-855A2176",null,null,"Buru.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/69/mode/1up","Gallinula frontata"],["3562","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula tenebrosa neumanni","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A94ADE0",null,null,"Ifaar, Sentani Lakes, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/143/mode/1up","Gallinula tenebrosa neumanni"],["3563","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula tenebrosa tenebrosa","Gould, 1846","The birds of Australia 6 (pt.22) pl.73, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania, but excluding Cape York Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75C162AD",null,null,"South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188477#page/301/mode/1up","Gallinula tenebrosa"],["3564","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata","(Lichtenstein, 1818)","Verzeichniss von ausgestopften Säugethieren und Vögeln (etc.) p.36 Concept","Common Gallinule","Common Gallinule","Common Gallinule",null,null,"breeds southwestern USA and southeastern Canada southward to the West Indies, Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas, northern Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil; northern populations move southward in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62120280","comgal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comgal1","avibase-3EF081A8",null,null,"Brazil (or Paraguay, ex Azara.?)",null,null,"Crex galeata"],["3565","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata sandvicensis","Streets, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Hawaiian Islands (mainly Kauai and Oahu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3E763F3",null,null,"Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.","Description of a new Moorhen from the Hawaiian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/63/mode/1up","Gallinula sandvicensis"],["3566","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata cachinnans","Bangs, 1915","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 5 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA and southeastern Canada southward to western Panama, Bermuda, and Galapagos; withdraws from most of eastern North America in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3581FD37",null,null,"Arbuckle Creek, De Soto County, Florida.","The American forms of Gallinula chloropus (Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46028#page/106/mode/1up","Gallinula chloropus cachinnans"],["3567","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata cerceris","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Greater and Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-078EA305",null,null,"Island of St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles.","A new Gallinule from the Lesser Antilles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/109/mode/1up","Gallinula galeata cerceris"],["3568","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata barbadensis","Bond, 1954","Notulae Naturae no.264 p.[1]",null,null,null,null,null,"Barbados",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-770E7DF1",null,null,"Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados, British West Indies","A new race of Gallinula chloropus from Barbados.",null,"Gallinula chloropus barbadensis"],["3569","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata pauxilla","Bangs, 1915","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 5 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northern and western Colombia, arid western Ecuador, and coastal Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6DC40F5",null,null,"Guabinas, Río Cauca, western Colombia.","The American forms of Gallinula chloropus (Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46028#page/106/mode/1up","Gallinula chloropus pauxilla"],["3570","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata garmani","Allen, 1876","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 3, no.15 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to Chile, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B6F7B1A",null,null,"Lake Titicaca, Peru.","Exploration of Lake Titicaca","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30729#page/399/mode/1up","Gallinula Garmani"],["3571","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula galeata galeata","(Lichtenstein, 1818)","Verzeichniss von ausgestopften Säugethieren und Vögeln (etc.) p.36 Concept",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward to northern Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60E0C192",null,null,"Brazil (or Paraguay, ex Azara.?)",null,null,"Crex galeata"],["3572","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula nesiotis","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.261 pl.30","Tristan Moorhen","Tristan Moorhen","Tristan Moorhen",null,null,"formerly Tristan da Cunha; extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728763","trimoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trimoo2","avibase-75F40338",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha.","On the Island-hen of Tristan d'Acunha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/345/mode/1up","Gallinula nesiotis"],["3573","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula comeri","(Allen, 1892)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4, no.1, art.6 p.57-58","Gough Moorhen","Gough Moorhen","Gough Island Moorhen",null,null,"Gough Island (South Atlantic Ocean); introduced to Tristan da Cunha in 1956",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692866","trimoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trimoo3","avibase-28501BF5",null,null,"Gough Island, 40 19' W, 9 44' W","Description of a new gallinule from Gough Island.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/789","Porphyriornis comeri"],["3574","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula chloropus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152","Common Moorhen","Eurasian Moorhen","Common Moorhen",null,null,"breeds Europe, Africa, Malagasy region, and Atlantic islands eastward through Asia to Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), Philippines, and Mariana Islands, and southward to Sri Lanka and central Malayan Peninsula; winters to Arabian Peninsula and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62120190","commoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/commoo3","avibase-8F82FF8C",null,null,"Europe; restricted type locality, England, ex reference to Albin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica Chloropus"],["3575","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula chloropus chloropus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe, northern Africa, and Atlantic islands eastward through Asia to Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), and southward to Sri Lanka and central Malayan Peninsula; winters to Arabia and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B836399B",null,null,"Europe; restricted type locality, England, ex reference to Albin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica Chloropus"],["3576","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula chloropus meridionalis","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.707",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and St. Helena Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC27C94B",null,null,"Südafrika [=South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/739/mode/1up","Stagnicola meridionalis"],["3577","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa","Newton, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius, and Comoros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E954D8F",null,null,"Mauritius.","Description of a New Species of Water-Hen (Gallinula) from the Island of Mauritius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/43/mode/1up","Gallinula pyrrhorrhoa"],["3578","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula chloropus orientalis","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Seychelles, Andamans, Malayan Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-601B2C99",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/214/mode/1up","Gallinula orientalis"],["3579","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallinula chloropus guami","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.1 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"Northern Mariana Islands (Pagan, Saipan, and Tinian) and Guam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C036799",null,null,"Guam, Marianne Islands.","On some Rallidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/310/mode/1up","Gallinula chloropus guami"],["3580","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fulica atra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica"],["3581","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica rufifrons","Philippi & Landbeck, 1861","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 19 p.507","Red-fronted Coot","Red-fronted Coot","Red-fronted Coot",null,null,"Paraguay to Uruguay, southeastern Brazil, southern Peru, and Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692940","refcoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refcoo1","avibase-CFC1D518",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203210#page/519/mode/1up","Tulica rufifrons"],["3582","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica cornuta","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.925","Horned Coot","Horned Coot","Horned Coot",null,null,"high Andean lakes of southwestern Bolivia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692946","horcoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horcoo1","avibase-8D86F054",null,null,"Bolivia, type from Potosí.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/935/mode/1up","Fulica cornuta"],["3583","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica armillata","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.47","Red-gartered Coot","Red-gartered Coot","Red-gartered Coot",null,null,"Paraguay to Uruguay, southeastern Brazil, and Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692937","regcoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/regcoo1","avibase-92F60241",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/59/mode/1up","Fulica armillata"],["3584","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica gigantea","Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841","Voyage autour du monde exécuté pendant les années 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette La Bonite commandée par M. Vaillant. Zoologie. Tome premier 1 p.102,Atlas Ois. pl.8","Giant Coot","Giant Coot","Giant Coot",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692943","giacoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giacoo1","avibase-2E7A75E7",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42039#page/156/mode/1up","Fulcia gigantea"],["3585","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica atra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152","Eurasian Coot","Eurasian Coot","Eurasian Coot",null,null,"breeds Europe, northern Africa, Azores and Canaries eastward through central Asia to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and southward to Indian Subcontinent, including Sri Lanka, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand; winters to Africa, Indonesia, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692913","eurcoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurcoo","avibase-B682B2A9",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex ref. to Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica atra"],["3586","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica atra atra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe, northern Africa, Azores and Canaries eastward through central Asia to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and southward to Indian Subcontinent, including Sri Lanka; winters to Africa, Indonesia, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C0E4546",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex ref. to Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica atra"],["3587","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica atra lugubris","Müller, 1847","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk., pt10 p.454,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Java (formerly), Bali, Lesser Sundas, and northwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDFED12E",null,null,"Java, or Sumatra or Straits of Sunda",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/470/mode/1up","Fulica lugubris"],["3588","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica atra novaeguineae","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFF8D2AE",null,null,"Lake Habbena, 3225 m., Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New birds from the 1938-1939 Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Fulica atra novaeguineae"],["3589","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica atra australis","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.143 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia including Tasmania, and North and South islands, New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A570928",null,null,"Western Australia.","On three new Species of Birds from China ; and on a small Mammal and new Grallatorial Bird from Western Australia'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/216/mode/1up","Fulica Australis"],["3590","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica cristata","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.704","Red-knobbed Coot","Red-knobbed Coot","Red-knobbed Coot",null,null,"southern Spain and Morocco; eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692907","rekcoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rekcoo1","avibase-53235FDC",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/205/mode/1up","Fulica cristata"],["3591","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica newtonii","Milne-Edwards, 1867","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.8 no.4 p.203 pl.10","Mascarene Coot","Mascarene Coot","Mascarene Coot",null,null,"formerly Réunion, and possibly Mauritius; extinct since late 1600s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728769","mascoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mascoo1","avibase-358AF9D9",null,null,"Mauritius","Memoire sur une espèce éteinte du genre Fulica qui habitait autrefois l'île Maurice.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92541#page/211/mode/1up","Fulica newtonii"],["3592","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica alai","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.224","Hawaiian Coot","Hawaiian Coot","Hawaiian Coot",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands (very local on Ni‘ihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692920","hawcoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawcoo","avibase-5E3BDB15",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/244/mode/1up","Fulica alai"],["3593","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica americana","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.704","American Coot","American Coot","American Coot",null,null,"breeds southern Alaska across southern Canada, and southward through western and central USA to northwestern Costa Rica, the Caribbean (Greater and Lesser Antilles), and northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62169677","y00475","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00475","avibase-4FB248BA",null,null,"North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/205/mode/1up","Fulica americana"],["3594","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica americana americana","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.704",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Alaska across southern Canada, and southward through western and central USA to northwestern Costa Rica), the Caribbean (Greater and Lesser Antilles), and northern South America (northern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EA49B12",null,null,"North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/205/mode/1up","Fulica americana"],["3595","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica americana columbiana","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and formerly at least northern Ecuador (where perhaps extirpated)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9906943C",null,null,"La Herrera, north of Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Fulica americana columbiana"],["3596","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica leucoptera","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.48","White-winged Coot","White-winged Coot","White-winged Coot",null,null,"far southeastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia and southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692929","whwcoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwcoo1","avibase-477BF6B9",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/60/mode/1up","Fulica leucoptera"],["3597","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica ardesiaca","Tschudi, 1843","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.389","Andean Coot","Slate-colored Coot","Andean Coot",null,null,"freshwater marshes and lakes in the Andes of southernmost Colombia southward to southern Ecuador, locally in western Ecuador lowlands, from northern Peru (southern Cajamarca) southward to northernmost Chile, across Bolivia, to northwestern Argentina (southward to Catamarca), and coastal Peru from Piura southward to northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692932","slccoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slccoo1","avibase-D24D9266",null,null,"ad fluminum ripas et in Antium lacunis [to the banks of the rivers and in Lake Antium = Lake Junín, Peru].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/399/mode/1up","Fulica ardesiaca"],["3598","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica ardesiaca atrura","Fjeldså, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia and Ecuador (and presumably northern Peru), and coastal Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA3AC35C",null,null,"Ecuador","Geographic variation in the Andean Coot Fulica ardesiaca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/30/mode/1up","Fulica ardesiaca atrura"],["3599","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Fulica ardesiaca ardesiaca","Tschudi, 1843","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (except perhaps in far north) southward to northern Chile (Antofagasta) and northwestern Argentina (northern Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-841B89A8",null,null,"ad fluminum ripas et in Antium lacunis [to the banks of the rivers and in Lake Antium = Lake Junín, Peru].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/399/mode/1up","Fulica ardesiaca"],["3600","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.522",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fulica porphyrio [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Fulica porphyrio Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Porphyrio"],["3601","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio alleni","Thomson, 1842","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.10 p.204","Allen's Gallinule","Allen's Gallinule","Allen's Gallinule",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and Comoros",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692816","allgal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/allgal1","avibase-53288666",null,null,"Idda, Niger River.","XXXIII. Description of a new species of Genetta, and of two species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19565#page/238/mode/1up","Porphyrio Alleni"],["3602","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio martinica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.259","Purple Gallinule","Purple Gallinule","Purple Gallinule","2025-N044","<em>Porphyrio martinicus</em> has also been used. Usage of <em>martinica </em>follows Schodde &amp; Bock (2016).","locally from southern USA to northern Argentina and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692827","purgal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purgal2","avibase-72A4F8EB",null,null,"Martinique, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/263/mode/1up","Fulica martinica"],["3603","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio flavirostris","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.699","Azure Gallinule","Azure Gallinule","Azure Gallinule",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Argentina, and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692848","azugal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azugal1","avibase-1CE84B66",null,null,"Cayenne, same basis as Boddaert's name.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/200/mode/1up","Fulica flavirostris"],["3604","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio paepae","Steadman, 1988","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101 p.163","Marquesan Swamphen","Marquesan Swamphen","Marquesan Swamphen",null,null,"formerly Hiva Oa and Tahuata (southern Marquesas Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62263064","marswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marswa1","avibase-FFC0A02E",null,null,"Hanatekua Shelter No. 2 Site (MH3-12), square E2-F2, 100-140 cm, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands, 19 Dec 1967, P. Bellwood.","A new species of Porphyrio (Aves, Rallidae) from archaeological sites in the Marquesas islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107746#page/181/mode/1up","Porphyrio paepae"],["3605","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152","Purple Swamphen",null,"Purple Swamphen","2025-1130","The <em>Porphyrio porphyrio </em>complex is treated as a single polytypic species pending further research. Sometimes treated as six species based largely on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Sangster 1998; Garcia-R &amp; Trewick 2015; Verry et al. 2023) that indicate deep divergences and paraphyly with respect to the two species of takahe, <em>P. mantelli</em> and <em>P. hochstetteri</em>. Available nuclear DNA data (Garcia-R &amp; Trewick 2015) are mostly uninformative and mtDNA divergence times may be over-estimated. Further research incorporating denser sampling of nuclear DNA will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","freshwater and brackish wetlands in the Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean islands, locally in Türkiye, the Persian Gulf states, Caspian Sea region eastward to southwestern (Yunnan) and southeastern China (Fujian to Guangdong), and southward in northern and sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, southern and southeastern Asia, Indonesian Archipelago, Philippines, Palau, New Guinea, western and eastern Australia, New Zealand (including Chatham Islands), New Caledonia, the Solomon Archipelago, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa; introduced to Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692792",null,null,"avibase-AC1E791E",null,null,"Asia, America = lands bordering the western Mediterranean Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica Porphyrio"],["3606","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio porphyrio","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6838E0C",null,null,"Asia, America = lands bordering the western Mediterranean Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica Porphyrio"],["3607","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio madagascariensis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxviii",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt, sub-Saharan Africa, and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-865C039E",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/74/mode/1up","Gallinula madagascariensis"],["3608","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio seistanicus","Zarudny & Härms, 1911","Journal für Ornithologie 59, no.2 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Türkiye to Iraq and southwestern Iran eastward to southwestern Afghanistan and Baluchistan (southwestern Pakistan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E137D63",null,null,"Seistan, eastern Persia.","Verzeichnis der Vögel Persiens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43503#page/252/mode/1up","Porphyrio poliocephalus seistanicus"],["3609","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio poliocephalus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxviii",null,null,null,null,null,"India to Sri Lanka, southern China, northern Thailand, and the Andaman and Nicobar islands; an introduced population in Florida (USA) apparently is this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2397CB5",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/74/mode/1up","Gallinula poliocephala"],["3610","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio viridis","Begbie, 1834","The Malayan Peninsula, embracing its history, manners and customs of the inhabitants, politics, natural history &c. from its earliest records p.515",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand, southern China, Malayan Peninsula, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32FC6AAE",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175129#page/565/mode/1up","Porphyrio viridis"],["3611","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio indicus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, and southwestern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9E73FA9",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/213/mode/1up","Porphyrio Indicus"],["3612","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio pulverulentus","Temminck, 1826","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.68, vol.5 pl.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Karekelong Island (Talaud Islands) and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62092383",null,null,"South Africa, error = Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/535/mode/1up","Porphyrio pulverulentus"],["3613","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio melanopterus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi, Moluccas and Lesser Sundas to New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7F804B0",null,null,"No locality, but types are from Ceram.","Excursion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique (suite), et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des ÉCHASSIERS (fin).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/611/mode/1up","Porphyrio melanopterus"],["3614","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio pelewensis","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau (Koror and Anguar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B0439A3",null,null,"Pelew Islands.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/137/mode/1up","Porphyrio melanotus Temm. var. pelewensis"],["3615","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.701",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Australia including Tasmania, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia; recently established), and New Zealand including North and South, Kermadec (northeast of New Zealand), and Chatham islands (east of New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE039B56",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127471#page/273/mode/1up","Porphyrio melanotus"],["3616","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio bellus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-916C1B9C",null,null,"Western Australia, type from Albany, fide Mathews, infra.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/902/mode/1up","Porphyrio bellus"],["3617","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio porphyrio samoensis","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (western Bismarck Archipelago) to New Caledonia, Solomon Archipelago, Fiji, and Samoa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27CCBE60",null,null,"Island of Upolu, Samoan Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/240/mode/1up","Porphyrio poliocephalus samoensis"],["3618","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio hochstetteri","(Meyer, 1883)","Abbildungen von Vogel-Skeletten herausgegeben mit Unterstützung der Generaldirection der K. Sammlungen für Kunst und Wissenschaft in Dresden Lief. 4&5 p.28 pl.34-37","South Island Takahe","South Island Takahe","South Island Takahe",null,null,"mountains of southern South Island (New Zealand); reintroduced to several offshore islands and mainland sanctuaries, including on North Island; endangered",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692808","takahe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/takahe3","avibase-6001C6A8",null,null,"Bare-patch Plains, east of Lake Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110728#page/50/mode/1up","Notornis Hochstetteri"],["3619","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio albus","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.238, and pl.","White Swamphen","Lord Howe Swamphen","White Swamphen",null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1790s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692801","lohswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lohswa1","avibase-1A365A3F",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/314/mode/1up","Fulica alba"],["3620","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Porphyrio mantelli","(Owen, 1848)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 3, pt.5 p.347 pl.56 fig.7-13","North Island Takahe","North Island Takahe","North Island Takahe",null,null,"formerly North Island (New Zealand); extinct ca. 1894","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728833","takahe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/takahe2","avibase-027313B6",null,null,"Type a skull from volcanic sand deposits near Waingongoro, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46218#page/475/mode/1up","Notornis Mantelli"],["3621","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.599",null,null,null,"2025-1147","Generic limits in the Rallidae are modified based on mitochondrial (Brown et al. 2022) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence: taxa <em>cerverai; colombianus; </em>and <em>erythrops </em>are placed in <em>Mustelirallus</em>; taxon <em>schomburgkii </em>is placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus cayanensis \"Linnaeus\" = Rallus cayanensis [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 450). = Rallus viridis Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/611/mode/1up","Rufirallus"],["3622","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus leucopyrrhus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.550","Red-and-white Crake","Red-and-white Crake","Red-and-white Crake","2025-1159","An interim decision on species limits in <em>Laterallus </em>is based mostly on the multilocus, nuclear, and genomic data of Stervander et al. (2019), Garcia-R et al. (2020), Kirchman et al. (2021) and Depino et al. (2023), supported in part by vocal, morphological and ecological evidence. Accordingly, a polytypic <em>Rufirallus </em>is recognized, with <em>fasciatus, leucopyrrhus</em>, and <em>xenopterus </em>placed there, along with <em>viridis </em>and <em>schomburgkii,</em> as these form a monophyletic clade (Depino et al. 2023) sister to the remaining genera; taxon <em>castaneiceps </em>has been placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>, but placement in a monotypic <em>Anurolimnas </em>is well supported by recent studies (Kirchman et al. 2021; Depino et al. 2023); although genetic data are lacking, taxon <em>podarces </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Aphanocrex </em>based on its distinctive morphology; taxon <em>notatus </em>is placed in <em>Laterallus </em>rather than <em>Coturnicops </em>based on Depino et al. (2023); all remaining species (<em>melanophaius, levraudi, albigularis, ruber, exilis, rogersi, spiloptera, spilonota, jamaicensis</em> and <em>flaviventer</em>) are placed in <em>Laterallus</em>. Further revisions are likely subject to publication of ongoing integrative research.","marshes of southeastern Brazil to Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692371","rawcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rawcra1","avibase-68948FC6",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/580/mode/1up","Rallus leucopyrrhus"],["3623","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus xenopterus","(Conover, 1934)","The Auk 51, no.3 p.365","Rufous-faced Crake","Rufous-faced Crake","Rufous-faced Crake","2025-1159","An interim decision on species limits in <em>Laterallus </em>is based mostly on the multilocus, nuclear, and genomic data of Stervander et al. (2019), Garcia-R et al. (2020), Kirchman et al. (2021) and Depino et al. (2023), supported in part by vocal, morphological and ecological evidence. Accordingly, a polytypic <em>Rufirallus </em>is recognized, with <em>fasciatus, leucopyrrhus</em>, and <em>xenopterus </em>placed there, along with <em>viridis </em>and <em>schomburgkii,</em> as these form a monophyletic clade (Depino et al. 2023) sister to the remaining genera; taxon <em>castaneiceps </em>has been placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>, but placement in a monotypic <em>Anurolimnas </em>is well supported by recent studies (Kirchman et al. 2021; Depino et al. 2023); although genetic data are lacking, taxon <em>podarces </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Aphanocrex </em>based on its distinctive morphology; taxon <em>notatus </em>is placed in <em>Laterallus </em>rather than <em>Coturnicops </em>based on Depino et al. (2023); all remaining species (<em>melanophaius, levraudi, albigularis, ruber, exilis, rogersi, spiloptera, spilonota, jamaicensis</em> and <em>flaviventer</em>) are placed in <em>Laterallus</em>. Further revisions are likely subject to publication of ongoing integrative research.","marshes of southeastern Paraguay, Bolivia (Beni), and adjacent southeastern Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692374","rufcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcra1","avibase-99374A39",null,null,"Horqueta, Paraguay, 40 km e. of Paraguay River, long 57 10' W, Lat. 23 24'S","A new species of Rail from Paraguay.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol51/iss3/9/","Laterallus xenopterus"],["3624","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus fasciatus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.981","Black-banded Crake","Black-banded Crake","Black-banded Crake","2025-1159","An interim decision on species limits in <em>Laterallus </em>is based mostly on the multilocus, nuclear, and genomic data of Stervander et al. (2019), Garcia-R et al. (2020), Kirchman et al. (2021) and Depino et al. (2023), supported in part by vocal, morphological and ecological evidence. Accordingly, a polytypic <em>Rufirallus </em>is recognized, with <em>fasciatus, leucopyrrhus</em>, and <em>xenopterus </em>placed there, along with <em>viridis </em>and <em>schomburgkii,</em> as these form a monophyletic clade (Depino et al. 2023) sister to the remaining genera; taxon <em>castaneiceps </em>has been placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>, but placement in a monotypic <em>Anurolimnas </em>is well supported by recent studies (Kirchman et al. 2021; Depino et al. 2023); although genetic data are lacking, taxon <em>podarces </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Aphanocrex </em>based on its distinctive morphology; taxon <em>notatus </em>is placed in <em>Laterallus </em>rather than <em>Coturnicops </em>based on Depino et al. (2023); all remaining species (<em>melanophaius, levraudi, albigularis, ruber, exilis, rogersi, spiloptera, spilonota, jamaicensis</em> and <em>flaviventer</em>) are placed in <em>Laterallus</em>. Further revisions are likely subject to publication of ongoing integrative research.","marshes of southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692330","blbcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbcra1","avibase-BE9214E6",null,null,"Pebas, Peru","List of Birds collected at Pebas, Upper Amazons, by Mr. John Hauxwell, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/415/mode/1up","Porzana fasciata"],["3625","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus viridis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.120","Russet-crowned Crake","Russet-crowned Crake","Russet-crowned Crake",null,null,"damp grassy and shrubby fields and thickets in north-central Colombia, southward in the Magdalena Valley to Tolima; in eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, and southward across central to eastern Amazon basin in Brazil to southern Mato Grosso do Sul, northern Paraná, adjacent Paraguay and northern Bolivia; in the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte southward to southern São Paulo; also in the foothills of the eastern Andes from southeastern Ecuador to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692323","ruccra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruccra1","avibase-4B5BBB61",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enl. no. 368.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/140/mode/1up","Rallus viridis"],["3626","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus viridis brunnescens","(Todd, 1932)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (middle Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63E08ACA",null,null,"El Tambor, Santander, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/238/mode/1up","Laterallus viridis brunnescens"],["3627","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus viridis viridis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-128A3E35",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enl. no. 368.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/140/mode/1up","Rallus viridis"],["3628","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus schomburgkii","(Schomburgk, 1848)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 2 p.245","Ocellated Crake","Ocellated Crake","Ocellated Crake","2025-1147","Generic limits in the Rallidae are modified based on mitochondrial (Brown et al. 2022) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence: taxa <em>cerverai; colombianus; </em>and <em>erythrops </em>are placed in <em>Mustelirallus</em>; taxon <em>schomburgkii </em>is placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>.","dry to seasonally flooded dense grasslands and shrubby thickets patchily in southeastern Costa Rica, north-central, northeastern, and southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, central-eastern Colombia, southeastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru; in Brazil also patchily from Roraima, central and eastern Amazonia southward to the Cerrado of Tocantins to central São Paulo, and westward to southern Mato Grosso, adjacent Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, northern Bolivia, and far southeastern Peru, in Pampas del Heath",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692282","ocecra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocecra1","avibase-0B09BDCD",null,null,"Interior of British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192460#page/277/mode/1up","Crex Schomburgkii"],["3629","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus schomburgkii schomburgkii","(Schomburgk, 1848)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 2 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in southwestern Costa Rica (Buenos Aires area), southeastern Colombia, north-central Venezuela, and Guyana to French Guiana; subspecies attributions of some areas unclear",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54FB2457",null,null,"Interior of British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192460#page/277/mode/1up","Crex Schomburgkii"],["3630","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rufirallus schomburgkii chapmani","(Naumburg, 1930)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 60 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru through southern and central Brazil to far northeastern Argentina (Misiones); subspecies attributions of some areas unclear",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70082365",null,null,"Morinho de Lyra, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","Birds of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A report on the Birds secured by the Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition. With field notes by G. K. Cherrie.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1182","Thyrorhina schomburgki chapmani"],["3631","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Coturnicops","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.120",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fulica noveboracensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/132/mode/1up","Coturnicops"],["3632","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Coturnicops exquisitus","(Swinhoe, 1873)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.12, no.71 p.376","Swinhoe's Rail","Swinhoe's Rail","Swinhoe's Rail",null,null,"breeds eastern Russia (southeastern Transbaikalia and southern Ussuriland), northeastern China (eastern Heilongjiang), and probably northern Japan (Hokkaido and northernmost Honshu); winters very locally from Korean Peninsula, Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), and southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692270","swirai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swirai1","avibase-D312C873",null,null,"Cheefoo, China.","XLV. On three new Species of Birds from Chefoo (North China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54290#page/390/mode/1up","Porzana exquisita"],["3633","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Coturnicops noveboracensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.701","Yellow Rail","Yellow Rail","Yellow Rail",null,null,"sedge meadows, brackish marshes and shrubby marshes in north-central and western Canada, from southern Northwest Territories and southern Alberta eastward to southeastern Canada and southward to north-central US in North Dakota, adjacent Montana, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, northernmost New York and northern Maine; also locally in mountains of northern California and southern Oregon; formerly in central Mexico; winters in the southeastern Atlantic coast from North Carolina southward to southern Florida and the Gulf of Mexico coast, and in the central coast of California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692275","yelrai","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelrai","avibase-2B100B36",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/202/mode/1up","Fulica noveboracensis"],["3634","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Coturnicops noveboracensis noveboracensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.701",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds locally in marshes of central and eastern Canada and northern USA, and very locally southeastern Oregon and northern California; winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-519A374C",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/202/mode/1up","Fulica noveboracensis"],["3635","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Coturnicops noveboracensis goldmani","(Nelson, 1904)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"known only from marshes near Río Lerma (central Mexico); extinct (last reported in the early 1960s)","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-86546A68",null,null,"Lerma, Mexico.","Descriptions of four new birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/169/mode/1up","Porzana goldmani"],["3636","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.120",null,null,null,"2025-1159","An interim decision on species limits in <em>Laterallus </em>is based mostly on the multilocus, nuclear, and genomic data of Stervander et al. (2019), Garcia-R et al. (2020), Kirchman et al. (2021) and Depino et al. (2023), supported in part by vocal, morphological and ecological evidence. Accordingly, a polytypic <em>Rufirallus </em>is recognized, with <em>fasciatus, leucopyrrhus</em>, and <em>xenopterus </em>placed there, along with <em>viridis </em>and <em>schomburgkii,</em> as these form a monophyletic clade (Depino et al. 2023) sister to the remaining genera; taxon <em>castaneiceps </em>has been placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>, but placement in a monotypic <em>Anurolimnas </em>is well supported by recent studies (Kirchman et al. 2021; Depino et al. 2023); although genetic data are lacking, taxon <em>podarces </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Aphanocrex </em>based on its distinctive morphology; taxon <em>notatus </em>is placed in <em>Laterallus </em>rather than <em>Coturnicops </em>based on Depino et al. (2023); all remaining species (<em>melanophaius, levraudi, albigularis, ruber, exilis, rogersi, spiloptera, spilonota, jamaicensis</em> and <em>flaviventer</em>) are placed in <em>Laterallus</em>. Further revisions are likely subject to publication of ongoing integrative research.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rallus melanophaius [Vieillot, 1819]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/132/mode/1up","Laterallus"],["3637","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus notatus","(Gould, 1841)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt15 p.132 pl.48","Speckled Rail","Speckled Rail","Speckled Rail","2025-1159","An interim decision on species limits in <em>Laterallus </em>is based mostly on the multilocus, nuclear, and genomic data of Stervander et al. (2019), Garcia-R et al. (2020), Kirchman et al. (2021) and Depino et al. (2023), supported in part by vocal, morphological and ecological evidence. Accordingly, a polytypic <em>Rufirallus </em>is recognized, with <em>fasciatus, leucopyrrhus</em>, and <em>xenopterus </em>placed there, along with <em>viridis </em>and <em>schomburgkii,</em> as these form a monophyletic clade (Depino et al. 2023) sister to the remaining genera; taxon <em>castaneiceps </em>has been placed in <em>Rufirallus</em>, but placement in a monotypic <em>Anurolimnas </em>is well supported by recent studies (Kirchman et al. 2021; Depino et al. 2023); although genetic data are lacking, taxon <em>podarces </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Aphanocrex </em>based on its distinctive morphology; taxon <em>notatus </em>is placed in <em>Laterallus </em>rather than <em>Coturnicops </em>based on Depino et al. (2023); all remaining species (<em>melanophaius, levraudi, albigularis, ruber, exilis, rogersi, spiloptera, spilonota, jamaicensis</em> and <em>flaviventer</em>) are placed in <em>Laterallus</em>. Further revisions are likely subject to publication of ongoing integrative research.","locally in lowlands of South America east of the Andes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692278","sperai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sperai1","avibase-0E761CC4",null,null,"Río de la Plata; the type specimen was shot on board the 'Beagle.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/311/mode/1up","Zapornia notata"],["3638","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus spiloptera","(Durnford, 1877)","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.2 p.194 pl.3","Dot-winged Crake","Dot-winged Crake","Dot-winged Crake",null,null,"southern Brazil and Uruguay to north-central Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692687","dowcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dowcra1","avibase-AB374CD7",null,null,"Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","Notes on the Birds of the Province of Buenos Ayres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/232/mode/1up","Porzana spiloptera"],["3639","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus rogersi","(Lowe, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43, no.280 p.175","Inaccessible Island Rail","Inaccessible Island Rail","Inaccessible Island Rail",null,null,"Inaccessible Island (Tristan da Cunha)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692556","inirai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inirai1","avibase-0712580C",null,null,"Inaccessible Island.","Description of a new genus and species of Rail from Inacessible Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/581/mode/1up","Atlantisia rogersi"],["3640","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus spilonota","(Gould, 1841)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt15 p.132 pl.49","Galapagos Crake","Galapagos Rail","Galapagos Rail",null,null,"Galapagos",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692366","galrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galrai1","avibase-B757AC6B",null,null,"Ovalau, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/311/mode/1up","Zapornia spilonota"],["3641","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.718","Black Rail","Black Rail",null,"2025-1127","Taxon <em>tuerosi</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Laterallus jamaicensis</em> pending completion of ongoing vocal and genetic research. Available mitochondrial DNA data (Depino et al. 2023) indicate the presence of two species groups within the <em>L. jamaicensis </em>complex, with <em>tuerosi </em>recovered as sister to <em>L. spilonota</em>. However, taxa <em>salinasi </em>and <em>murivagans </em>were not included in the analysis and their status remains uncertain.","coastal central California, breeds eastern seaboard of USA and very locally Kansas, Cuba, and Belize, arid littoral of Peru, and Andes of central Peru (Lake Junín), and central Chile (Atacama to Malleco) and far western Argentina",null,null,null,"blkrai","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkrai","avibase-C5DF08E7",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/219/mode/1up","Rallus jamaicensis"],["3642","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus","(Ridgway, 1874)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central California southward to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65765855",null,null,"Farallone Islands, coast of California.","Notes Upon American Water Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/122/mode/1up","Porzana Jamaicensis var. coturniculus"],["3643","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus jamaicensis jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.718",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern seaboard of USA and very locally Kansas, Cuba, and Belize; winters to Central America and West Indies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ADB283D",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/219/mode/1up","Rallus jamaicensis"],["3644","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus jamaicensis murivagans","(Riley, 1916)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1A0ECBE",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","Two new Ralliformes from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/134/mode/1up","Creciscus murivagans"],["3645","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus jamaicensis salinasi","(Philippi, 1857)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 14 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile (Atacama to Malleco) and far western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFD50A3F",null,null,"Chile, type from near Santiago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202880#page/190/mode/1up","Rallus salinasi"],["3646","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus jamaicensis tuerosi","Fjeldså, 1983","Steenstrupia 8 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Lake Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07CC2FDB",null,null,"Ondores on the southwest shore of Laguna Chinchaycocha de Junín, 4080 m a.s.l., Central Peru","A black rail from Junin, central Peru : Laterallus jamaicensis tuerosi ssp. n. (Aves, Rallidae).","https://web.archive.org/web/20250426145835/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/fjeldsa-1983.pdf","Laterallus jamaicensis tuerosi"],["3647","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus flaviventer","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52","Yellow-breasted Crake","Yellow-breasted Crake","Yellow-breasted Crake",null,null,"freshwater marshes, grassy edges of lakes and ponds, and damp fields on the Gulf of Mexico coast of southeastern Mexico and the Pacific coast from western Mexico southward to central Panama. the Greater Antilles except Bahamas, northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, the llanos of southwestern Venezuela southward to northeastern Colombia and locally in northeastern Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, northern Venezuela and the Guianas eastward to northeastern Brazil and southward across the Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest regions of Brazil to northeastern Bolivia and Uruguay, and patchily in the Amazon basin of southern Brazil, northern Bolivia, and southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692720","yebcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcra1","avibase-B79D2D56",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 847.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Rallus flaviventer"],["3648","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus flaviventer gossii","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba and Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33DB5711",null,null,"Jamaica, based on Rallus minutus /3 Gmelin and Ortygometra minuta Gosse.","Excursion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique (suite), et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des ÉCHASSIERS (fin).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/611/mode/1up","Laterirallus gossii"],["3649","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus flaviventer hendersoni","(Bartsch, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.131-132",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola and Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4C4DE74",null,null,"Trou Caiman, Haiti.","Additions to the Haitian avifauna.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/157/mode/1up","Porzana flaviventris hendersoni"],["3650","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus flaviventer woodi","(Van Rossem, 1934)","The Condor 36, no.6 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3E73875",null,null,"Lake Olomega, Dept. San Miguel, El Salvador","A new race of Porzana flaviventer from Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol36/iss6/9/","Porzana flaviventer woodi"],["3651","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus flaviventer bangsi","(Darlington, 1931)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 71, no.5 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DE7A1AB",null,null,"Cienaga, Magdalena, Colombia.","Notes on the Birds of Rio Frio (near Santa Marta) Magdalena, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21144#page/506/mode/1up","Porzana flaviventer bangsi"],["3652","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus flaviventer flaviventer","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama to the Guianas, eastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42D71554",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 847.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Rallus flaviventer"],["3653","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus exilis","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.5 pl.523","Grey-breasted Crake","Gray-breasted Crake","Grey-breasted Crake",null,null,"Guatemala and Belize to northern Bolivia, and Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692349","grbcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbcra1","avibase-8ABC8268",null,null,"No locality, Cayenne designated by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/513/mode/1up","Rallus exilis"],["3654","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus albigularis","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.302","White-throated Crake","White-throated Crake","White-throated Crake",null,null,"freshwater marshes, damp grasslands, and fields from eastern Honduras southward along the Caribbean slope to eastern Panama, and the Pacific slope from Costa Rica to western Panama, northern Colombia and adjacent western Venezuela (except Guajira Peninsula), southward to the headwaters of the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692346","whtcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtcra1","avibase-011EB942",null,null,"'Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama along the line of the Panama Railroad.'","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/322/mode/1up","Corethrura albigularis"],["3655","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps","(Lawrence, 1875)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11(1876) p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras and Caribbean slope of Nicaragua to northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BD8455F",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/112/mode/1up","Porzana cinereiceps"],["3656","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus albigularis albigularis","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C84D6D3F",null,null,"'Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama along the line of the Panama Railroad.'","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/322/mode/1up","Corethrura albigularis"],["3657","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus albigularis cerdaleus","Wetmore, 1958","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Córdoba to Santa Marta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6B9E0F9",null,null,"Mamotoco, 4 miles east of Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia","Additional subspecies of birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/253/mode/1up","Laterallus albigularis cerdaleus"],["3658","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus ruber","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300","Ruddy Crake","Ruddy Crake","Ruddy Crake",null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica (northern Guanacaste)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692343","rudcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudcra1","avibase-E75C88E2",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Corethrura rubra"],["3659","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus levraudi","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.452 pl.35","Rusty-flanked Crake","Rusty-flanked Crake","Rusty-flanked Crake",null,null,"locally in wetlands of northern Venezuela north of the Río Orinoco",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692340","rufcra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcra2","avibase-288377C3",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Synopsis of the American Rails (Rallidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/550/mode/1up","Porzana levraudi"],["3660","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus melanophaius","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.549","Rufous-sided Crake","Rufous-sided Crake","Rufous-sided Crake",null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to the Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692337","ruscra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruscra1","avibase-2202698C",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/579/mode/1up","Rallus melanophaius"],["3661","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus melanophaius oenops","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru and far western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE3C9BF7",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/225/mode/1up","Porzana oenops"],["3662","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Laterallus melanophaius melanophaius","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.549",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18EE5FC1",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/579/mode/1up","Rallus melanophaius"],["3663","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Poliolimnas","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.5 p.28",null,null,null,"2025-1148","Taxon <em>cinereus </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Poliolimnas </em>based on nuclear (Garcia-R et al. 2020) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence. Sometimes placed in <em>Amaurornis </em>but recovered as a deeply diverged sister lineage to <em>Megacrex </em>from which it differs in morphology and ecology indicating that <em>cinereus </em>is best treated as a monotypic genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Poliolimnas cinereus [Vieillot]; type by original designation,",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/53/mode/1up","Poliolimnas"],["3664","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Poliolimnas cinereus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.29","White-browed Crake","White-browed Crake","White-browed Crake","2025-1148","Taxon <em>cinereus </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Poliolimnas </em>based on nuclear (Garcia-R et al. 2020) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence. Sometimes placed in <em>Amaurornis </em>but recovered as a deeply diverged sister lineage to <em>Megacrex </em>from which it differs in morphology and ecology indicating that <em>cinereus </em>is best treated as a monotypic genus.","central Myanmar eastward to southern China, Taiwan, and Philippines, southward to Indonesian Archipelago, coastal northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Mackay, Queensland), western Micronesia, and western Polynesia eastward to Samoa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692723","whbcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcra1","avibase-498A4369",null,null,"No locality. Java designated by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 219.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/39/mode/1up","Porphyrio cinereus"],["3665","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Megacrex","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Megacrex inepta [D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/136/mode/1up","Megacrex"],["3666","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Megacrex inepta","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.130","New Guinea Flightless Rail","New Guinea Flightless Rail","New Guinea Flightless Rail",null,null,"west-central to east-central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692785","ngfrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ngfrai1","avibase-770830AC",null,null,"Fly River, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/136/mode/1up","Megacrex inepta"],["3667","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Megacrex inepta pallida","Rand, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.990 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern New Guinea (Idenburg River to Sepik River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F16D215",null,null,"Hol, Humboldt Bay, New Guinea","On some non-passerine New Guinea birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3790/","Megacrex inepta pallida"],["3668","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Megacrex inepta inepta","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA8C3E3D",null,null,"Fly River, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/136/mode/1up","Megacrex inepta"],["3669","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aenigmatolimnas","Peters, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.64",null,null,null,"2025-1133","Taxon <em>marginalis </em>is placed in the genus <em>Aenigmatolimnas </em>based on nuclear (Garcia-R et al. 2020) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence. Formerly placed in <em>Amaurornis</em>, deep divergence combined with differences in morphology, ecology, and biogeography indicate that <em>marginalis </em>is best treated as a monotypic genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Porzana marginalis [Hartlaub, 1857]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Aenigmatolimnas"],["3670","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Aenigmatolimnas marginalis","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.241","Striped Crake","Striped Crake","Striped Crake","2025-1133","Taxon <em>marginalis </em>is placed in the genus <em>Aenigmatolimnas </em>based on nuclear (Garcia-R et al. 2020) and genomic DNA (Kirchman et al. 2021) evidence. Formerly placed in <em>Amaurornis</em>, deep divergence combined with differences in morphology, ecology, and biogeography indicate that <em>marginalis </em>is best treated as a monotypic genus.","locally in sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692729","strcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strcra1","avibase-13967506",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/315/mode/1up","Porzana marginalis"],["3671","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallicrex","Blyth, 1852","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.283",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gallinula cristata [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Fulica cinerea J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,null,"Gallicrex"],["3672","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Gallicrex cinerea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.702","Watercock","Watercock","Watercock",null,null,"breeds from northern Pakistan eastward in sub-Himalayan region to northeastern China, southeastern Russia, and southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), southward to southeastern Pakistan, southern India, Sri Lanka, western Greater Sundas, and Philippines; northeastern populations winter to south, reaching Sulawesi and central Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692789","waterc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/waterc1","avibase-39B7A3C7",null,null,"China, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/203/mode/1up","Fulica cinerea"],["3673","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xxi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gallinula olivacea [Meyen, 1834]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/89/mode/1up","Amaurornis"],["3674","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis isabellina","(Schlegel, 1865)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.7 Ralli no.30 p.16","Isabelline Bush-hen","Isabelline Bush-hen","Isabelline Bush-hen",null,null,"lowlands of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692624","isabuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isabuh1","avibase-535DB169",null,null,"Gorontalo, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51482#page/138/mode/1up","Rallina isabellina"],["3675","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis olivacea","(Meyen, 1834)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.109 pl.20","Philippine Bush-hen","Philippine Bush-hen","Philippine Bush-hen","2026-076","The treatment of <em>Amaurornis magnirostris</em> as a species separate from <em>A. olivacea</em> is upheld pending a more thorough vocal and morphological comparison. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>A. olivacea</em> based on vocal similarities (Eaton et al. 2021), differences in size, bill morphology, plumage, and habitat are apparent.","Philippines (except Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692616","plabuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plabuh1","avibase-907D1FEC",null,null,"Manila.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA106-IA9#v=onepage&q&f=false","Gallinula olivacea"],["3676","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis magnirostris","Lambert, 1998","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 118 p.67 [67-82 pl.2]","Talaud Bush-hen","Talaud Bush-hen","Talaud Bush-hen","2026-076","The treatment of <em>Amaurornis magnirostris</em> as a species separate from <em>A. olivacea</em> is upheld pending a more thorough vocal and morphological comparison. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>A. olivacea</em> based on vocal similarities (Eaton et al. 2021), differences in size, bill morphology, plumage, and habitat are apparent.","Talaud Islands (northern Moluccas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732147","talbuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/talbuh1","avibase-A5928AAE",null,null,"Bogor, Talaud Islands, Indonesia","A new species of Amaurornis from the Talaud islands, Indonesia, and a review of taxonomy of bush hens occuring from the Philippines to Australasia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123804#page/468/mode/1up","Amaurornis magnirostris"],["3677","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis moluccana","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.480","Pale-vented Bush-hen","Pale-vented Bush-hen","Pale-vented Bush-hen",null,null,"Sangihe (north of Sulawesi), Sula Islands (east of Sulawesi), and Moluccas to New Guinea and satellite islands, Australia, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692632","rutbuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutbuh1","avibase-8CB46BDE",null,null,"Amboina and Ternate, Moluccas.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/564/mode/1up","Porzana moluccana"],["3678","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis moluccana moluccana","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe Islands, Moluccas, and western and northern New Guinea, including Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-793B95ED",null,null,"Amboina and Ternate, Moluccas.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/564/mode/1up","Porzana moluccana"],["3679","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis moluccana nigrifrons","(Hartert, 1926)","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.2 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CD4624B",null,null,"Witu Island, north of New Britain.","On the Birds of the French Islands, north of New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/196/mode/1up","Gallinula (Amaurornis) olivacea nigrifrons"],["3680","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis moluccana ultima","Mayr, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1417 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D387465",null,null,"Gower Island, Solomon Islands","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4382/","Amaurornis olivaceus ultimus"],["3681","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis moluccana ruficrissa","(Gould, 1869)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl., pt5 pl.[79]",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern New Guinea, and northern and northeastern Australia (northern Northern Territory eastward to Cape York Peninsula and southward to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2669E59B",null,null,"Cape River, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/325/mode/1up","Gallinula ruficrissa"],["3682","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis phoenicurus","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.10 pl.9","White-breasted Waterhen","White-breasted Waterhen","White-breasted Waterhen",null,null,"Pakistan eastward in sub-Himalayan region to northeastern China, and southward to Maldives and Chagos (central Indian Ocean), southern India, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar islands, southeastern Asia, southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Indonesian Archipelago, Philippines, and Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas islands (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692640","whbwat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwat1","avibase-F53518E3",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/16/mode/1up","Gallinula phoenicurus"],["3683","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis phoenicurus phoenicurus","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.10 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan eastward in sub-Himalayan region to northeastern China, and southward to Maldives and Chagos (central Indian Ocean), southern India, Sri Lanka, southeastern Asia, southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Greater Sundas, Philippines, and Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas islands (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0CFA482",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/16/mode/1up","Gallinula phoenicurus"],["3684","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis phoenicurus insularis","Sharpe, 1894","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 23 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and South Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F653AB5",null,null,"Andaman Islands and Nicobars.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34470#page/180/mode/1up","Amaurornis insularis"],["3685","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis phoenicurus leucocephala","Abdulali, 1964","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 61 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"Car Nicobar Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A719AD85",null,null,"Car Nicobar [=Car Nicobar Island.]","Four new races of birds from the Andaman and Nicobar islands.",null,"Amaurornis phoeniceus leucocephalus"],["3686","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis phoenicurus midnicobarica","Abdulali, 1979","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75 p.754",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-670DE2A1",null,null,"Nancowry, Central Nicobars [=Nancowry Island, central Nicobar Islands.]","The birds of Great and Car Nicobars with some notes on wildlife conservation in the islands.",null,"Amaurornis phoenicurus midnicobaricus"],["3687","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Amaurornis phoenicurus leucomelana","(Müller, 1842)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk., pt5 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, western Moluccas, and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD5C1901",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/174/mode/1up","Gallinula leucomelana"],["3688","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.595",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rallus fasciatus [Raffles, 1822]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/274/mode/1up","Rallina"],["3689","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.368","Slaty-legged Crake","Slaty-legged Crake","Slaty-legged Crake",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, dense scrub, and long grass with dense bush, from northwestern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), and southward to west-central India, central Vietnam, Sulawesi, Philippines, and Palau; some populations winter to Sri Lanka and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692317","sllcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sllcra1","avibase-B056B57C",null,null,"No locality; the type agrees with specimens from the Philippines.","Description de quelques nouveaux oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/378/mode/1up","Gallinula eurizonoïdes"],["3690","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides amauroptera","(Jerdon, 1864)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 3 (\"2 pt2\") p.725",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pakistan and India to Assam; winters to Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF2467D8",null,null,"Northern India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113053#page/307/mode/1up","Porzana amauroptera"],["3691","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides telmatophila","Hume, 1878","Stray Feathers 7 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to northern Thailand, Sumatra, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-733DFC91",null,null,"a few miles inland from Malacca","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94440#page/168/mode/1up","Rallina telmatophila"],["3692","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides sepiaria","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.641 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E76C93B",null,null,"Yayeyama, Riu Kiu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/409/mode/1up","Euryzona sepiaria"],["3693","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides alvarezi","Kennedy & Ross, 1987","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"Batan Islands (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA7F42BA",null,null,"western Slope of Mt. Iraya, 180 m elevation, Sito Nacamaya, 3 km NE of Basco, Batan Island, Batanes Province, Philippines","A new subspecies of Rallina eurizonoides (Aves: Rallidae) from the Batan Islands, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107532#page/485/mode/1up","Rallina eurizonoides alvarezi"],["3694","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides formosana","Seebohm, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan including Lan-yü Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D512B5FA",null,null,"Formosa.","[Two new species of birds from the interior of Formosa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/233/mode/1up","Rallina formosana"],["3695","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides eurizonoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5F73954",null,null,"No locality; the type agrees with specimens from the Philippines.","Description de quelques nouveaux oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/378/mode/1up","Gallinula eurizonoïdes"],["3696","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina eurizonoides minahasa","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Sula Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3C5FD2D",null,null,"Sula Islands and northern Celebes; the type is from Tondano, Celebes.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/400/mode/1up","Rallina minahasa"],["3697","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina tricolor","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.188","Red-necked Crake","Red-necked Crake","Red-necked Crake",null,null,"far eastern Indonesia, in Nanusa Islands (northern Talaud Islands), Halmahera, Obi, Ambon, Tanimbar, and Kai islands, New Guinea including satellite islands, Lavongai and New Ireland (Bismarck Archipelago), and northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, Wet Tropics region, Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692308","rencra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rencra1","avibase-EBD8C251",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/254/mode/1up","Rallina tricolor"],["3698","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina fasciata","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.328","Red-legged Crake","Red-legged Crake","Red-legged Crake",null,null,"south-central Myanmar eastward to northern Thailand, southern Vietnam, and Philippines (very local), and southward through Indonesian Archipelago eastward to eastern Wallacea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692314","relcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relcra1","avibase-1DFAA1B7",null,null,"Benkulen, western Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/360/mode/1up","Rallus fasciatus"],["3699","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Rallina canningi","(Blyth, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.17 p.119","Andaman Crake","Andaman Crake","Andaman Crake",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692311","andcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andcra1","avibase-83C41CA8",null,null,"Andaman Islands; type from Port Canning.","[Extracts from Mr. Blyth's recent letters].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/143/mode/1up","Euryzona canningi"],["3700","genus","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia","Leach, 1816","Systematic catalogue of the specimens of the indigenous Mammalia and birds that are preserved in The British Museum (etc.) p.34",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Zapornia minuta [Leach, 1816]; type by monotypy = Rallus parvus Scopoli, 1769",null,null,null,"Zapornia"],["3701","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia flavirostra","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.244 pl.28","Black Crake","Black Crake","Black Crake",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692643","blacra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacra1","avibase-148F0B01",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/296/mode/1up","Gallinula flavirostra"],["3702","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia akool","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.164","Brown Crake","Brown Crake","Brown Crake",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill dense swamps, reedy riparian areas, and sugar cane fields, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Indian subcontinent to western Myanmar, and in southeastern China southward to northeastern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692612","brocra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brocra1","avibase-457C01A2",null,null,"Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/368/mode/1up","Rallus Akool"],["3703","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia akool akool","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"India to Bangladesh and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2607D54",null,null,"Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/368/mode/1up","Rallus Akool"],["3704","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia akool coccineipes","(Slater, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China to northeastern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0102305F",null,null,"Swatow, Kwangtung, China.","On some Birds from South-eastern China, with Descriptions of two new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/76/mode/1up","Gallinula (Amaurornis) coccineipes"],["3705","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia olivieri","(Grandidier & Berlioz, 1929)","Bulletin de l'Académie Malgache n.s., 10(1927) p.83 pl.","Sakalava Rail","Sakalava Rail","Sakalava Rail",null,null,"very local in marshes of northwestern Madagascar",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692654","sakrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sakrai1","avibase-60DB3117",null,null,"Antsalova, Province of Maintirano, western Madagascar.","Description d'une espèce nouvelle d'Oiseau de Madagascar de la famille des Rallidés.",null,"Porzana Olivieri"],["3706","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia paykullii","(Ljungh, 1813)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 34 p.258 pl.5","Band-bellied Crake","Band-bellied Crake","Band-bellied Crake",null,null,"breeds Russian Far East (southwestern Amurland and southern Ussuriland), northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning to Hebei and northern Henan) and Korean Peninsula; winters in southeastern Asia, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692702","babcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babcra1","avibase-3FEE66C7",null,null,"Bandjarmasin, Borneo, and Batavia, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107441#page/298/mode/1up","Rallus Paykullii"],["3707","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia fusca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.262","Ruddy-breasted Crake","Ruddy-breasted Crake","Ruddy-breasted Crake",null,null,"lowland to submontane reedbeds, swamps, marsh, and wet grassland, from northern Pakistan eastward to Ussuriland (eastern Russia), northeastern China, Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), and southward to western India and Sri Lanka, and through southern China, Taiwan, Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, and Philippines; northern populations winter southward to Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692699","rubcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubcra1","avibase-14C2B730",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/266/mode/1up","Rallus fuscus"],["3708","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia fusca fusca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan eastward in sub-Himalayan region to the Malayan Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9660A3F5",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/266/mode/1up","Rallus fuscus"],["3709","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia fusca zeylonica","(Stuart Baker, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"western Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABE00933",null,null,"Ceylon.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/109/mode/1up","Amaurornis fuscus zeylonicus"],["3710","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia fusca phaeopyga","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.641 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB43725D",null,null,"Yayeyama Island, Riu Kiu Islands, Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/408/mode/1up","Porzana phaeopyga"],["3711","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia fusca erythrothorax","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1849)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.121, pl.78",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Russian Far East, Korean Peninsula, Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), northeastern to southern China, and Taiwan; winters to Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40FE104F",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/131/mode/1up","Gallinula erythrothorax"],["3712","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia parva","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.108","Little Crake","Little Crake","Little Crake",null,null,"breeds locally in Europe eastward to western Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and western Xinjiang; winters Mediterranean to Africa and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692663","litcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litcra1","avibase-9106EBE6",null,null,"Probably from Carniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/112/mode/1up","Rallus parvus"],["3713","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia astrictocarpus","(Olson, 1973)","Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23 p.17","St. Helena Crake","St. Helena Crake","Saint Helena Rail",null,null,"formerly St. Helena Island; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728760","sthrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthrai1","avibase-B25D90D3",null,null,"bank of a dry wash on the east side of the lower portion of Prosperous Bay Valley, St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean (approximately 15°56'18\"S; 5°38'5\"W), on 12 June 1971 by Storrs L. Olson.","Evolution of the Rails of the South Atlantic Islands (Aves: Rallidae).","http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.152","Porzana astrictocarpus"],["3714","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia palmeri","(Frohawk, 1892)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.9, no.51 p.247","Laysan Rail","Laysan Rail","Laysan Rail",null,null,"formerly Laysan Island; extinct, last reported 1944","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692672","layrai","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/layrai","avibase-2699DCAF",null,null,"Laysan Island, lat. 25° 46' N.; long. 171° 49' W.","XXXVI. Description of a new Species of Rail from Laysan Island (North Pacific).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53332#page/261/mode/1up","Porzanula Palmeri"],["3715","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia pusilla","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.700","Baillon's Crake","Baillon's Crake","Baillon's Crake",null,null,"lowland to submontane marsh, wet meadow, peat bog, and salt-marsh, from Iberia and southern Europe eastward through the Middle East and northwestern India to southern Siberia, Mongolia, and northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu), and southward to eastern and southern Africa, Madagascar, Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand; northern populations migratory to the tropics, with western Palearctic populations wintering in Africa and eastern Palearctic populations wintering to India and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692667","baicra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baicra1","avibase-34D5B04D",null,null,"Dauria.",null,null,"Rallus pusillus"],["3716","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia pusilla intermedia","(Hermann, 1804)","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe eastward to Asia Minor, and southward locally in northern, eastern, and southern Africa and Madagascar; European birds winter to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72368F24",null,null,"Strassburg, Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200985#page/200/mode/1up","Rallus intermedius"],["3717","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia pusilla pusilla","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.700",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Asia eastward to southeastern Russia and northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu); winters to southern India, Indonesian Archipelago, and northern and central Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-055701A1",null,null,"Dauria.",null,null,"Rallus pusillus"],["3718","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia pusilla mira","(Riley, 1938)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"known from a 1912 specimen from Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7100BD35",null,null,"Tanggaron, Mahakkam River, East Borneo","Three new Birds from Bangka and Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/117/mode/1up","Porzana pusilla mira"],["3719","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia pusilla mayri","(Junge, 1952)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 31 p.[247]",null,null,null,null,null,"known from 4 specimens from New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80B1D45D",null,null,"Paniai, New Guinea","New subspecies of birds from New Guinea.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318288","Porzana pusilla mayri"],["3720","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia pusilla palustris","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea, Australia including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CEDC3BC",null,null,"Tasmania.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/291/mode/1up","Porzana palustris"],["3721","subspecies","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia pusilla affinis","(Gray, 1845)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"North and South islands, New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DB143EB",null,null,"Wanganui River, North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/94/mode/1up","Ortygometra affinis"],["3722","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia bicolor","(Walden, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.49 p.47","Black-tailed Crake","Black-tailed Crake","Black-tailed Crake",null,null,"northeastern India and Myanmar to southwestern China and northern southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692660","bltcra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltcra1","avibase-A108727C",null,null,"Rungbee, Darjeeling.","IV. Description of a new Species of Porzana from the Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/61/mode/1up","Porzana bicolor"],["3723","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia sandwichensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.717","Hawaiian Rail","Hawaiian Rail","Hawaiian Rail",null,null,"formerly Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii); extinct, last reported 1844","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692693","hawrai","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawrai","avibase-FC472EB7",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands, based on the Sandwich Rail of Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/218/mode/1up","Rallus Sandwichensis"],["3724","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia nigra","(Miller, 1784)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.9 pl.50B","Tahiti Crake","Miller's Rail","Miller's Rail",null,null,"formerly Tahiti (Windward Society Islands); extinct, last recorded 1784","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728757","milrai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/milrai1","avibase-B60D85A9",null,null,"Otaheita [=Tahiti]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/125/mode/1up","?Rallus nigra"],["3725","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia atra","(North, 1908)","Records of the Australian Museum 7 p.31","Henderson Crake","Henderson Island Crake","Henderson Island Crake",null,null,"Henderson Island (Pitcairn Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692711","heicra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heicra1","avibase-09B78B87",null,null,"Henderson Island.","On three apparently undescribed Birds from Henderson or Elizabeth Island, Paumotu Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33721#page/47/mode/1up","Porzana atra"],["3726","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia tabuensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.717","Spotless Crake","Spotless Crake","Spotless Crake",null,null,"northern Philippines (rare), Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas), New Guinea, Australia (including Tasmania), New Caledonia, North and South islands, New Zealand (and formerly Chatham Islands), eastward through Polynesia to Pitcairn",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692705","spocra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spocra2","avibase-C15FF1EB",null,null,"Tonga Tabu, Tahiti, and neighboring islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/218/mode/1up","Rallus tabuensis"],["3727","species","Gruiformes","Rallidae","Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","Zapornia monasa","(Kittlitz, 1858)","Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka 2 p.30","Kosrae Crake","Kosrae Crake","Kosrae Crake",null,null,"formerly Kosrae Island (Micronesia); extinct, last reported 1828","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692708","koscra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/koscra1","avibase-9DAE5526",null,null,"Kushai Island.",null,null,"Rallus monasa"],["3728","order","Charadriiformes",null,null,"Charadriiformes",null,null,"Shorebirds, Gulls, Auks, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3729","family","Charadriiformes","Pluvianellidae","Magellanic Plover","Pluvianellidae",null,null,"Magellanic Plover","Magellanic Plover","Magellanic Plover",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pluvia2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pluvia2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3730","genus","Charadriiformes","Pluvianellidae","Magellanic Plover","Pluvianellus","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.549",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pluvianellus socialis [Gray, GR, 1846]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/170/mode/1up","Pluvianellus"],["3731","species","Charadriiformes","Pluvianellidae","Magellanic Plover","Pluvianellus socialis","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.549","Magellanic Plover","Magellanic Plover","Magellanic Plover",null,null,"breeds lagoons and ponds of inland western Santa Cruz Province (southwestern Argentina), southeastern Magallanes Province (far southeastern Chile), and northern and central Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego; non-breeders reach coastal east-central and southeastern Argentina northward to southeastern Buenos Aires Province",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693570","magplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magplo1","avibase-FB5103C9",null,null,"No locality = Straits of Magellan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/170/mode/1up","Pluvianellus socialis?"],["3732","family","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionidae",null,null,"Sheathbills","Sheathbills","Sheathbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"chioni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chioni1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3733","genus","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionis","Forster, 1788","Enchiridion historiae naturali inserviens, quo termini et delineationes ad avium, piscium, insectorum et plantarum adumbrationes intelligendas et concinnandas, secundum systematis linnaeani continentur p.37",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vaginalis alba [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gmelin, JF, 1789, Systema Naturae, 1, pt. 2, p. 705).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209840#page/51/mode/1up","Chionis"],["3734","species","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionis albus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.705","Snowy Sheathbill","Snowy Sheathbill","Snowy Sheathbill",null,null,"breeds Antarctic Peninsula and satellite islands, South Shetland, South Orkney, and South Georgia islands; winters to coastal south-central Chile and east-central Argentina to Cape Horn and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693556","snoshe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snoshe2","avibase-62AC9C19",null,null,"New Zealand, error, Falkland Islands substituted by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. S. Am., 1912, p. 36.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/206/mode/1up","Vaginalis alba"],["3735","species","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionis minor","Hartlaub, 1841","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.5","Black-faced Sheathbill","Black-faced Sheathbill","Black-faced Sheathbill",null,null,"islands of subantarctic western and central South Indian Ocean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693567","blfshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfshe1","avibase-7C15B681",null,null,"No locality = Kerguelen Island.","Nouvelle espèce de Bec en fourreau (Chionis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/13/mode/1up","Chionis minor"],["3736","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionis minor marionensis","Reichenow, 1908","Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. IX. Band. Zoologie, I. Band, Heft 6 9 Zool. p.537-567",null,null,null,null,null,"Marion and Prince Edward islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D0FD4B0",null,null,"Marion Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29202#page/672/mode/1up","Chionis marionensis"],["3737","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionis minor crozettensis","(Sharpe, 1896)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Crozet Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-933BB063",null,null,"Crozet Islands.","[Description of two apparently new species of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/338/mode/1up","Chionarchus crozettensis"],["3738","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionis minor minor","Hartlaub, 1841","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Kerguelen Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4E18AC1",null,null,"No locality = Kerguelen Island.","Nouvelle espèce de Bec en fourreau (Chionis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/13/mode/1up","Chionis minor"],["3739","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Chionidae","Sheathbills","Chionis minor nasicornis","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Heard and McDonald islands (southern Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E143BD4A",null,null,"Heard Island.","Neue Arten des Südpolargebiets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/63/mode/1up","Chionis nasicornis"],["3740","family","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinidae",null,null,"Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Thick-knees","Thick-knees",null,null,null,null,null,null,"burhin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burhin2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3741","genus","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Hesperoburhinus","Černý, van Els, Natale & Gregory, 2023","Avian Systematics 1 31-43",null,null,null,"2025-0953","The new genus <em>Hesperoburhinus</em> (polytypic, including <em>bistriatus </em>and <em>superciliaris</em>) is recognized based on a very deep genetic divergence in the multilocus DNA phylogeny of Černý &amp; Natale (2022).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Charadrius bistriatus [Wagler, 1829]; by original designation",null,"Černý, David & van Els, Paul & Natale, Rossy & Gregory, Steven. (2023). A new genus-group name for Burhinus bistriatus (Wagler, 1829) and Burhinus superciliaris (Tschudi, 1843).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370896960","Hesperoburhinus"],["3742","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Hesperoburhinus superciliaris","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.387-388","Peruvian Thick-knee","Peruvian Thick-knee","Peruvian Thick-knee",null,null,"arid littoral of southwestern Ecuador to northern Chile",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693597","petkne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/petkne1","avibase-B3DA97E9",null,null,"in oceani pacific littoribus [On the shores of the Pacific Ocean, Peru]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/397/mode/1up","Oedicnenus superciliaris"],["3743","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Hesperoburhinus bistriatus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.648","Double-striped Thick-knee","Double-striped Thick-knee","Double-striped Thick-knee",null,null,"dry savanna, open scrub, pastures, and coastal grassy plains on the Gulf of Mexico slope (southern Veracruz to Tabasco and northern Chiapas) and adjacent Guatemala, and on the Pacific slope from southeastern Oaxaca southward to northwestern Costa Rica, in southern Bahamas (Great Inagua), and Hispaniola, and in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (eastward to the Paría Peninsula and Isla Margarita), in interior Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys. east of the Andes in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, in the Guianan plateau of western Guyana, southeastern Venezuela, and northernmost Brazil (Roraima), and isolated in northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River (Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693594","dstkne","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dstkne","avibase-984EC0A0",null,null,"Mexico.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/332/mode/1up","Charadrius bistriatus"],["3744","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Hesperoburhinus bistriatus bistriatus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.648",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid areas from eastern Veracruz and southeastern Oaxaca (southern Mexico) to central Honduras and northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D7C6F58",null,null,"Mexico.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/332/mode/1up","Charadrius bistriatus"],["3745","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Hesperoburhinus bistriatus vocifer","(l'Herminier, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 text to pl.84, p.1-6; pl.84",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Colombia, Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2E94B4A",null,null,"Maturin, Colombia.","EDICNÈME, aeDICNEMUS, Temminck. - E. Vocifer. ae. vocifer. L'Herminier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/243/mode/1up","OEdicnemus vocifer"],["3746","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Hesperoburhinus bistriatus pediacus","(Wetmore & Borrero H, 1964)","The Auk 81, no.2 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western Colombia and northern and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92B05D5E",null,null,"near Maicao, Guajira","Description of a race of the Double-striped Thick-knee (Aves, family Burhinidae) from Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol81/iss2/22/","Burhinus striatus pediacus"],["3747","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Hesperoburhinus bistriatus dominicensis","(Cory, 1883)","The Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society 2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1009CD5",null,null,"Santo Domingo, type from La Vega, Dominican Republic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32867#page/70/mode/1up","OEdicnemus dominicensis"],["3748","genus","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Esacus","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.7 p.547",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oedicnemus recurvirostris [Cuvier, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/585/mode/1up","Esacus"],["3749","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Esacus magnirostris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.231","Beach Stone-curlew","Beach Thick-knee","Beach Thick-knee",null,null,"coasts and islets from Andaman Islands, Malayan Peninsula, southern Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea and satellites, northern and eastern Australia, Bismarck Archipelago (including Admiralty Islands), and Solomon Archipelago (except Rennell)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728621","beathk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beathk1","avibase-0CD2083B",null,null,"No locality, = Australia, ex pl. G 39, f. 1, 28, 1819.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/241/mode/1up","OEdicnemus magnirostris"],["3750","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Esacus recurvirostris","(Cuvier, 1829)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée 1 p.500","Great Stone-curlew","Great Thick-knee","Great Thick-knee",null,null,"estuaries of southern Iran; riverine systems of Indus Valley (central Pakistan), sub-Himalayan India southward to Sri Lanka and eastward to northern Thailand, northern Cambodia, and Vietnam",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693604","grtkne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtkne1","avibase-C2178ACC",null,null,"No locality, = Nepal, fide Stuart Baker.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104184#page/552/mode/1up","OEdicnemus recurvirostris"],["3751","genus","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.250",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Charadrius magnirostris [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy = Charadrius grallarius Latham, 1801",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/274/mode/1up","Burhinus"],["3752","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus grallarius","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxvi","Bush Stone-curlew","Bush Thick-knee","Bush Thick-knee",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and Australia (except south-central and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693600","butkne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butkne1","avibase-C61A821B",null,null,"New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/72/mode/1up","Charadrius grallarius"],["3753","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus capensis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.69","Spotted Thick-knee","Spotted Thick-knee","Spotted Thick-knee",null,null,"lowland to montane arid open woodland, savanna, lightly wooded grassland, and stony slopes and beaches, from Senegal eastward through the Sahel to Eritrea, Somalia, and southern Arabian Peninsula, and southward through East Africa and Angola eastward to Mozambique and southern South Africa; some dry season wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693589","sptkne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptkne1","avibase-862F6F04",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/89/mode/1up","Oedicnemus capensis"],["3754","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus capensis maculosus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.49, vol.5 pl.292",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to inland Somalia southward to northern Uganda and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF2FC196",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/365/mode/1up","Oedicnemus maculosus"],["3755","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus capensis dodsoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Eritrea and Somalia, and southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2F6E87B",null,null,"Lahej, Arabia.","[Description of a new species of Thick-knee from Southern Arabia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/51/mode/1up","OEdicnemus dodsoni"],["3756","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus capensis capensis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya and northwestern Angola to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58AE298E",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/89/mode/1up","Oedicnemus capensis"],["3757","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus capensis damarensis","(Reichenow, 1905)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt2 p.801",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-927E4E10",null,null,"South-West African Protectorate.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/845/mode/1up","Oedicnemus capensis var. damarensis"],["3758","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus vermiculatus","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413","Water Thick-knee","Water Thick-knee","Water Thick-knee",null,null,"wetland edges near woodland from Liberia eastward to southern Somalia and southward to southernmost South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693584","watkne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watkne1","avibase-96CCAFEE",null,null,"No locality given = Lake Jipe, near Taita, Kenya Colony.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Oedicnemus vermiculatus"],["3759","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus vermiculatus buettikoferi","(Reichenow, 1898)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"West Africa from Liberia to Nigeria and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE05B7A8",null,null,"Fisherman Lake, Liberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/196/mode/1up","Oedicnemus buttikoferi"],["3760","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus vermiculatus vermiculatus","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"northern East Africa to southern South Africa, from Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southern Somalia, southward to southernmost South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D5DFC2",null,null,"No locality given = Lake Jipe, near Taita, Kenya Colony.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Oedicnemus vermiculatus"],["3761","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus senegalensis","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.228","Senegal Thick-knee","Senegal Thick-knee","Senegal Thick-knee",null,null,"sandy lake and river banks from Senegal eastward to Ethiopia and southward to Cameroon and Kenya; also Egypt and Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693580","setkne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/setkne1","avibase-85DF723B",null,null,"West Africa = Senegal, by inference.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/272/mode/1up","OEdicnemus Senegalensis"],["3762","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus indicus","(Salvadori, 1866)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.380","Indian Stone-curlew","Indian Thick-knee","Indian Thick-knee",null,null,"inland northwestern and western India and Sri Lanka eastward to central Myanmar, central Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45111544","indthk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indthk1","avibase-89404B93",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/390/mode/1up","Oedicnemus indicus"],["3763","species","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus oedicnemus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.151","Eurasian Stone-curlew","Eurasian Thick-knee","Eurasian Thick-knee",null,null,"breeds open flat areas near sparse cover from England eastward to northeastern Xinjiang (western China), in south from Mauritania eastward to western and central Pakistan, and including Canary Islands and some Mediterranean islands; winters to south as far as southern Kenya and Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45111439","eutkne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eutkne1","avibase-C7DB323E",null,null,"England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/170/mode/1up","Charadrius Oedicnemus"],["3764","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus oedicnemus oedicnemus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southern England (now very local) eastward to Volga River delta (southwestern Russia) and in south from Iberian Peninsula to Azerbaijan (Caucasus); winters to northern and eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF97B5F2",null,null,"England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/170/mode/1up","Charadrius Oedicnemus"],["3765","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus oedicnemus distinctus","(Bannerman, 1914)","Ibis ser.10, vol.2, no.2 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"El Hierro to Gran Canaria (western and central Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8AC9868",null,null,"Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.","An Ornithological Expedition to the Eastern Canary Islands. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100092#page/341/mode/1up","OEdicnemus oedicnemus distinctus"],["3766","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus oedicnemus insularum","(Sassi, 1908)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 19 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Fuerteventura to Alegranza (eastern Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-530DBA94",null,null,"Canary Islands.","Einige Bemerkungen zur Ornis der canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209441#page/52/mode/1up","Oedicnemus oedicnemus insularum"],["3767","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus oedicnemus saharae","(Reichenow, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Balearic Islands, Malta, and Cyprus (western to eastern Mediterranean Sea), Türkiye to Iraq and Iran, and northern Africa eastward to Nile Valley and southward to western Mauritania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC794864",null,null,"Tunis.","[Versammlung einen Triel aus Tunis].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/112/mode/1up","Oedicnemus oedicnemus saharae"],["3768","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Burhinidae","Thick-knees and Stone-curlews","Burhinus oedicnemus harterti","Vaurie, 1963","American Museum Novitates no.2131 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Volga River delta (southwestern Russia) eastward to northeastern Xinjiang (western China) and southward to southwestern Kazakhstan and western and central Pakistan; winters to northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9E7460A",null,null,"Kafir Qala, on the Hari Rud (about lat. 35 05'N, long 61 07'E), northweast Khorasan, northeast Iran","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 51, A review of Burhinus oedicnemus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3371/","Burhinus oedicnemus harterti"],["3769","family","Charadriiformes","Pluvianidae","Egyptian Plover","Pluvianidae",null,null,"Egyptian Plover","Egyptian Plover","Egyptian Plover",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pluvia1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pluvia1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3770","genus","Charadriiformes","Pluvianidae","Egyptian Plover","Pluvianus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.55",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Charadrius aegyptius [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Charadrius aegyptius Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f61.item","Pluvianus"],["3771","species","Charadriiformes","Pluvianidae","Egyptian Plover","Pluvianus aegyptius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150","Egyptian Plover","Egyptian Plover","Egyptian Plover",null,null,"Senegal and Gambia eastward to Ethiopia, southward to far northern Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Sudan; formerly also Nile River, Egypt",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694086","egyplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/egyplo1","avibase-1B28A4B6",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius aegyptius"],["3772","family","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Recurvirostridae",null,null,"Stilts and Avocets","Stilts and Avocets","Avocets, Stilts",null,null,null,null,null,null,"recurv1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recurv1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3773","genus","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Cladorhynchus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leptorhynchus pectoralis [Du Bus, 1835]; type by original designation and monotypy = Recurvirostra leucocephala Vieillot, 1816",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/83/mode/1up","Cladorhynchus"],["3774","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Cladorhynchus leucocephalus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.103","Banded Stilt","Banded Stilt","Banded Stilt",null,null,"breeds inland salt lakes of southwestern and south-central Australia; non-breeders reach southern Australia (including Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693709","bansti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bansti1","avibase-9A90A865",null,null,"'Terres Australes' = Victoria, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/115/mode/1up","Recurvirostra leucocephala"],["3775","genus","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Recurvirostra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Recurvirostra avosetta [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/170/mode/1up","Recurvirostra"],["3776","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Recurvirostra avosetta","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.151","Pied Avocet","Pied Avocet","Pied Avocet",null,null,"breeds locally southern and central Europe eastward to northeastern Russia and China southward through Middle East to northwestern India; also eastern and southern Africa; winters to coastal northern Africa, inland western Africa, Indian Peninsula including Sri Lanka, and to eastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693712","pieavo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pieavo1","avibase-C73ED2F5",null,null,"Southern Europe, i.e., Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/170/mode/1up","Recurvirostra Avosetta"],["3777","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Recurvirostra novaehollandiae","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.103","Red-necked Avocet","Red-necked Avocet","Red-necked Avocet",null,null,"southern and central Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693720","renavo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renavo1","avibase-DDFB54DB",null,null,"New Holland, = Victoria apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/115/mode/1up","Recurvirostra Novae-Hollandiae"],["3778","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Recurvirostra americana","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.693","American Avocet","American Avocet","American Avocet",null,null,"southern Canada to central Mexico; winters southern USA to Costa Rica and Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693717","ameavo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ameavo","avibase-8EB0C1FA",null,null,"North America and New Holland = North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/194/mode/1up","Recurvirostra americana"],["3779","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Recurvirostra andina","Philippi & Landbeck, 1861","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 19 p.618","Andean Avocet","Andean Avocet","Andean Avocet",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693724","andavo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andavo1","avibase-30CBE57B",null,null,"Laguna Parinacota, 16000 feet, Tacna, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203210#page/632/mode/1up","Recurvirostra andina"],["3780","genus","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.46;5, p.33",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Charadrius himantopus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Charadrius himantopus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/88/mode/1up","Himantopus"],["3781","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus mexicanus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.117","Black-necked Stilt","Black-necked Stilt",null,"2025-0749","Three species are recognized in the <em>Himantopus himantopus</em> (black and white stilts) complex pending further research: monotypic <em>H. himantopus</em>; monotypic <em>H. leucocephalus</em>; and polytypic <em>H. mexicanus</em> (including <em>melanurus </em>and <em>knudseni</em>). Although the all-black taxon (<em>H. novaezelandiae</em>) is widely accepted as a distinct species (as here), the number of species recognized among the five black-and-white taxa ranges from one to four. Genetic divergence across the genus appears to be low (Steeves et al. 2010; Forsdick et al. 2021), there is considerable uncertainty over levels of reproductive isolation across the complex (Steeves et al. 2010; Harvey et al. 2014; Forsdick et al. 2021), and detailed vocal studies are lacking. In the absence of a more comprehensive review, we continue to recognize the black-winged (nominate<em> H. himantopus</em>), pied (<em>H. leucocephalus</em>), and black-necked (<em>H. mexicanus</em>) groups.","coastal and inland wetlands of western to southeastern USA and Caribbean to central Argentina and southeastern Brazil; also Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,null,null,"bknsti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bknsti","avibase-D543132B",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/137/mode/1up","Charadrius Mexicanus"],["3782","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus mexicanus knudseni","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.609 p.81 pl.6 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-312A6569",null,null,"Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/95/mode/1up","Himantopus knudseni"],["3783","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus mexicanus mexicanus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland south-central Canada (sporadic) locally eastward through south-central USA and southward to southwestern coastal Peru and Galápagos; also coastal Venezuela to northeastern Brazil and throughout West Indies; winters inland central California, coastal Gulf of Mexico and Florida southward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1D4E1DD",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/137/mode/1up","Charadrius Mexicanus"],["3784","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus mexicanus melanurus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"inland central Peru and Bolivia and southeastern Brazil to southcentral Chile and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E28480D7",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 393.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/52/mode/1up","Himantopus melanurus"],["3785","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus himantopus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.151","Black-winged Stilt","Black-winged Stilt",null,"2025-0749","Three species are recognized in the <em>Himantopus himantopus</em> (black and white stilts) complex pending further research: monotypic <em>H. himantopus</em>; monotypic <em>H. leucocephalus</em>; and polytypic <em>H. mexicanus</em> (including <em>melanurus </em>and <em>knudseni</em>). Although the all-black taxon (<em>H. novaezelandiae</em>) is widely accepted as a distinct species (as here), the number of species recognized among the five black-and-white taxa ranges from one to four. Genetic divergence across the genus appears to be low (Steeves et al. 2010; Forsdick et al. 2021), there is considerable uncertainty over levels of reproductive isolation across the complex (Steeves et al. 2010; Harvey et al. 2014; Forsdick et al. 2021), and detailed vocal studies are lacking. In the absence of a more comprehensive review, we continue to recognize the black-winged (nominate<em> H. himantopus</em>), pied (<em>H. leucocephalus</em>), and black-necked (<em>H. mexicanus</em>) groups.","breeds from southern Europe, Cabo Verde, northern and sub-Saharan Africa, Socotra, and coastal Madagascar eastward to southeastern Russia, eastern China, south-central Japan (Honshu and Shikoku), Taiwan, east-central Philippines, southward to northern Middle East, Sri Lanka, Malayan Peninsula, eastward to western Java; resident in tropical range, wintering also to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), Philippines, and Greater Sundas",null,null,null,"bkwsti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkwsti","avibase-3CAEB7CE",null,null,"Southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/170/mode/1up","Charadrius Himantopus"],["3786","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus leucocephalus","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.34","Pied Stilt","Pied Stilt",null,"2025-0749","Three species are recognized in the <em>Himantopus himantopus</em> (black and white stilts) complex pending further research: monotypic <em>H. himantopus</em>; monotypic <em>H. leucocephalus</em>; and polytypic <em>H. mexicanus</em> (including <em>melanurus </em>and <em>knudseni</em>). Although the all-black taxon (<em>H. novaezelandiae</em>) is widely accepted as a distinct species (as here), the number of species recognized among the five black-and-white taxa ranges from one to four. Genetic divergence across the genus appears to be low (Steeves et al. 2010; Forsdick et al. 2021), there is considerable uncertainty over levels of reproductive isolation across the complex (Steeves et al. 2010; Harvey et al. 2014; Forsdick et al. 2021), and detailed vocal studies are lacking. In the absence of a more comprehensive review, we continue to recognize the black-winged (nominate<em> H. himantopus</em>), pied (<em>H. leucocephalus</em>), and black-necked (<em>H. mexicanus</em>) groups.","Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea region, Australia (including Tasmania), North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands (New Zealand), and New Britain",null,null,null,"piesti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piesti1","avibase-C2830C86",null,null,"Australia, Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/145/mode/1up","Himantopus leucocephalus"],["3787","species","Charadriiformes","Recurvirostridae","Stilts and Avocets","Himantopus novaezelandiae","Gould, 1841","The birds of Australia 6 (pt.4) pl.25, with text","Black Stilt","Black Stilt","Black Stilt",null,null,"MacKenzie Basin (central South Island, New Zealand); winters to North Island",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693690","blasti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blasti1","avibase-C26304D6",null,null,"Port Nicholson, North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188477#page/109/mode/1up","Himantopus novae-zelandiae"],["3788","family","Charadriiformes","Ibidorhynchidae","Ibisbill","Ibidorhynchidae",null,null,"Ibisbill","Ibisbill","Ibisbill",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ibidor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ibidor1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3789","genus","Charadriiformes","Ibidorhynchidae","Ibisbill","Ibidorhyncha","Vigors, 1832","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.18 text to pl.79",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ibidorhyncha Struthersii [Vigors, 1832]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/317/mode/1up","Ibidorhyncha"],["3790","species","Charadriiformes","Ibidorhynchidae","Ibisbill","Ibidorhyncha struthersii","Vigors, 1832","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.18 text to pl.79","Ibisbill","Ibisbill","Ibisbill",null,null,"montane rivers of western Tajikistan, southeastern Kazakhstan, northwestern Xinjiang and northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau to Hebei (northeastern China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693672","ibisbi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ibisbi1","avibase-0C1F2A47",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/317/mode/1up","Ibidorhyncha Struthersii"],["3791","family","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopodidae",null,null,"Oystercatchers","Oystercatchers","Oystercatchers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"haemat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/haemat1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3792","genus","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Haematopus ostralegus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Haematopus"],["3793","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus leucopodus","Garnot, 1826","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7 p.47,note","Magellanic Oystercatcher","Magellanic Oystercatcher","Magellanic Oystercatcher",null,null,"south-central Chile and Argentina to Cape Horn Archipelago and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693669","magoys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magoys1","avibase-BC5DF5FA",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/61/mode/1up","Haematopus leucopodus"],["3794","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus ater","Vieillot, 1825","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 2 p.88 1 pl.230","Blackish Oystercatcher","Blackish Oystercatcher",null,"2025-0750","Taxon <em>bachmani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Haematopus ater</em> based on differences in bill shape and downy natal plumage (Murphy 1925), and preliminary mitochondrial DNA evidence that <em>bachmani </em>and <em>ater </em>may not be sister taxa (Senfeld et al. 2020).","northern Peru to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands; winters to Uruguay",null,null,null,"blaoys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaoys1","avibase-4AF23A6F",null,null,"No exact locality and description not diagnostic, but plate sufficient to fix identity; Straits of Magellan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271542#page/159/mode/1up","Haematopus ater"],["3795","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus bachmani","Audubon, 1838","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.86 pl.427, fig.1","Black Oystercatcher","Black Oystercatcher",null,"2025-0750","Taxon <em>bachmani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Haematopus ater</em> based on differences in bill shape and downy natal plumage (Murphy 1925), and preliminary mitochondrial DNA evidence that <em>bachmani </em>and <em>ater </em>may not be sister taxa (Senfeld et al. 2020).","western Aleutians to central Baja California and Los Coronados Islands",null,null,null,"blkoys","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkoys","avibase-BD49DB46",null,null,"Mouth of the Columbia River.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/438/","Haematopus Bachmani"],["3796","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus palliatus","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.532","American Oystercatcher","American Oystercatcher","American Oystercatcher",null,null,"coastal northeastern USA, northern Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean to southern Argentina; coastal northwestern Mexico to south-central Chile; Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693644","ameoys","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ameoys","avibase-981CE782",null,null,"South America, restricted to Venezuela by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. South Am., 1912, p. 37.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127471#page/104/mode/1up","Hamatopus palliatus"],["3797","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus palliatus palliatus","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.532",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Mexico from Coronado Islands and Gulf of California locally southward to south-central Chile; Atlantic southeastern Canada from Nova Scotia (rare) southward through Caribbean to southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD95EB63",null,null,"South America, restricted to Venezuela by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. South Am., 1912, p. 37.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127471#page/104/mode/1up","Hamatopus palliatus"],["3798","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus palliatus galapagensis","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos (except Darwin and Wolf)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9F176F0",null,null,"Chatham Island, Galápagos.","Description of a new species of Oystercatcher from the Galapagos Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/6/","Haematopus galapagensis"],["3799","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus fuliginosus","Gould, 1845","The birds of Australia 6 (pt.18) pl.8, with text","Sooty Oystercatcher","Sooty Oystercatcher","Sooty Oystercatcher",null,null,"coastal Australia (including Torres Strait Islands and other satellite islands) and Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693663","soooys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soooys1","avibase-D89E4A2C",null,null,"Tasmania, islands in Bass Straits and southern coast of Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188477#page/41/mode/1up","Haematopus fuliginosus"],["3800","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus fuliginosus fuliginosus","Gould, 1845","The birds of Australia 6 (pt.18) pl.8, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Australia (Shark Bay, Western Australia southeastward to southeastern Queensland, including Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-997D58E5",null,null,"Tasmania, islands in Bass Straits and southern coast of Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188477#page/41/mode/1up","Haematopus fuliginosus"],["3801","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus fuliginosus opthalmicus","Castelnau & Ramsay, 1877","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.4 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Australia (Geraldton, Western Australia northeastward to southeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-998BBC1E",null,null,"Bountiful Island, Gulf of Carpenteria, Australia","Notes of a Collection of Birds from the Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/443/mode/1up","Haematopus opthalmicus"],["3802","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus moquini","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.1020","African Oystercatcher","African Oystercatcher","African Oystercatcher",null,null,"coasts of southern Africa (northern Namibia to eastern Cape Province)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693627","afroys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afroys1","avibase-C078081E",null,null,"Africa.","Additions et Corrections aux Tableaux paralléliques de la deuxième sous-classe des Oiseaux, praecoces ou autophages. (Suite et fin).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/1032/mode/1up","Haematopus moquini"],["3803","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus meadewaldoi","Bannerman, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.33","Canary Islands Oystercatcher","Canarian Oystercatcher","Canarian Oystercatcher",null,null,"formerly coasts of eastern Canary Islands; extinct, last reported 1950","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693621","canoys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/canoys1","avibase-D74FDD2D",null,null,"Jandia, Fuerteventura, eastern Canary Islands.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Oystercatcher from the Canary Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/59/mode/1up","Haematopus niger meade-waldoi"],["3804","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus ostralegus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152","Eurasian Oystercatcher","Eurasian Oystercatcher","Eurasian Oystercatcher",null,null,"breeds coastally and inland from Iceland eastward to Kamchatka and southward to southern Europe and central and northeastern Asia; winters to coasts of tropical Africa, southern Asia, eastern China, and Japan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693613","euroys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/euroys1","avibase-ED663165",null,null,"Europe and America = Oland, from first reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Haematopus Ostralegus"],["3805","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland and Scandinavia eastward to northwestern Russia and southward to Iberian Peninsula and Türkiye; winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93ABB1D3",null,null,"Europe and America = Oland, from first reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Haematopus Ostralegus"],["3806","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus ostralegus longipes","Buturlin, 1910","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 1, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Ukraine to central Russia and western Siberia; winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-280BC5B8",null,null,"Alei River, district of Zmeinogorsk, Gouv. Tomsk, and Lenkoran.","Neopisannaya forma kulika-soroki.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/80/mode/1up","Haematopus ostralegus longipes"],["3807","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus ostralegus buturlini","Dementiev, 1941","Polnyi Opredelitel Ptits S.S.S.R. 5 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Kazakhstan to northwestern China; winters to southwestern Asia and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DADB6C7",null,null,"adult female, lower reaches of the Sary-Su, 15 June 1936, collected by A. A. Sludsky (? R. 30099 in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow University).","Dopolneniya k toman Pervomy, Vtoromu, Tret'emu I Chetvertomu ‘Polnogo opredelitel'ya ptits SSSR.","https://www.google.ca/books/edition/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF/Qr8pAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover&bsq=buturlini","Haematopus ostralegus buturlini"],["3808","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus ostralegus osculans","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, northern Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China; winters to eastern China and Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01811D25",null,null,"North China.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/501/mode/1up","Haematopus osculans"],["3809","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus longirostris","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 15 p.410","Pied Oystercatcher","Pied Oystercatcher","Pied Oystercatcher",null,null,"coastal, in far southeastern Indonesia, southern New Guinea including Aru islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and coastal Australia (including Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693647","pieoys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pieoys1","avibase-D828B84D",null,null,"'Australasie ' = New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60161#page/428/mode/1up","Haematopus longirostris"],["3810","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus chathamensis","Hartert, 1927","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.1 p.17","Chatham Islands Oystercatcher","Chatham Islands Oystercatcher","Chatham Islands Oystercatcher",null,null,"Chatham Islands (Chatham, Mangere, Rangatira, and Pitt)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693656","chaoys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaoys1","avibase-C6485E53",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. VIII. [Columbae-Struthionidae].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/37/mode/1up","Haematopus ostralegus chathamensis"],["3811","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus unicolor","Forster, 1844","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.112","Variable Oystercatcher","Variable Oystercatcher","Variable Oystercatcher",null,null,"coastal North, South, and Stewart islands and satellites (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693651","varoys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varoys1","avibase-B8CF5A97",null,null,"New Holland = New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/134/mode/1up","Haematopus unicolor"],["3812","species","Charadriiformes","Haematopodidae","Oystercatchers","Haematopus finschi","Martens, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.190","South Island Oystercatcher","South Island Oystercatcher","South Island Oystercatcher",null,null,"breeds inland South Island (New Zealand); winters coastally to North Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693632","soioys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soioys1","avibase-3FCE29E8",null,null,"Salt Water Creek, South Island, New Zealand.","Ein neuer Austernfischer aus Neuseeland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/206/mode/1up","Haematopus finschi"],["3813","family","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadriidae",null,null,"Plovers and Lapwings","Plovers and Lapwings","Plovers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"charad1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/charad1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3814","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.46;5, p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Charadrius apricarius [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Charadrius apricarius Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/88/mode/1up","Pluvialis"],["3815","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis squatarola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149","Grey Plover","Black-bellied Plover","Grey Plover",null,null,"breeds high (locally low) Arctic coasts and islands (except Ellesmere Island, Greenland, Scandinavia and islands from Svalbard to Severnaya Zemlya); winters almost worldwide on temperate to tropical coasts (except most remote islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693749","bkbplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbplo","avibase-27903EF7",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, Hartert, antea, p. 1553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa Squatarola"],["3816","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis squatarola squatarola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds high Arctic coasts from northwestern Russia to Chukotskiy Peninsula and northern Alaska; winters to western and southern Europe, Africa, southern and eastern Asia, Australasia, and western Americas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76D215A2",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, Hartert, antea, p. 1553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa Squatarola"],["3817","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis squatarola tomkovichi","Engelmoer & Roselaar, 1998","Geographical variation in waders p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Wrangel Island (northeastern Siberia); winters to east Asia and Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77685BF3",null,null,"Wrangel Island, Russia on 26 July 1939",null,null,"Pluvialis squatarola tomkovichi"],["3818","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae","(Thayer & Bangs, 1914)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 5 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds high Arctic of north-central Canada eastwards to Baffin Island; winters to coastal North and South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8D349A6",null,null,"Baillie Island, Arctic America [Northwest Territories, Inuvik Region]","Notes on the birds and mammals of the Arctic coast of East Siberia. Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41611#page/31/mode/1up","Squatarola squatarola cynosurae"],["3819","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis apricaria","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150","European Golden Plover","European Golden-Plover","Eurasian Golden Plover",null,null,"breeds inland low Arctic (mainly) to temperate zone from Greenland eastward to Taymyr Peninsula (north-central Russia); winters to inland and coastal southern Europe, northern Africa, and Middle East",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693727","eugplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eugplo","avibase-25A20BA6",null,null,"'Oelandia, Canada' restricted type locality, Lapland ex Fn. Suec, where based on a Rudbeck drawing. Cf. Lönnberg, Ibis, 1931, p. 306-307.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius apricarius"],["3820","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis dominica","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.116","American Golden Plover","American Golden-Plover","American Golden Plover",null,null,"breeds high Arctic to subarctic from northern Alaska eastward to northeastern Canada, and southward to north-central British Colombia; winters coastal southeastern Brazil and Argentina, and inland grassland, Paraguay to east-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693740","amgplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amgplo","avibase-2143A852",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/136/mode/1up","Charadrius Dominicius"],["3821","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Pluvialis fulva","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.687","Pacific Golden Plover","Pacific Golden-Plover","Pacific Golden Plover",null,null,"breeds Arctic and subarctic Russia from Yamal Peninsula eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula and northern Kamchatka and Bering Sea coasts of western Alaska; winters to coastal Horn of Africa and Indian subcontinent eastward through southern Japan (Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands), Taiwan, and Indonesian Archipelago throughout Australasia and Micronesia to eastern Polynesia; widely vagrant elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693735","pagplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pagplo","avibase-07C11CF3",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/188/mode/1up","Charadrius fulvus"],["3822","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Oreopholus","Jardine & Selby, 1835","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.10 pl.151, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oreopholus totanirostris [Jardine & Selby, 1835]; type by monotypy = Charadrius ruficollis Wagler, 1829",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/447/mode/1up","Oreopholus"],["3823","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Oreopholus ruficollis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.653","Tawny-throated Dotterel","Tawny-throated Dotterel","Tawny-throated Dotterel",null,null,"coastal and inland northern Peru to Tierra del Fuego; winters to coastal Uruguay and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693921","tatdot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tatdot1","avibase-C9754B38",null,null,"Canelones, Uruguay.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/335/mode/1up","Charadrius ruficollis"],["3824","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Oreopholus ruficollis pallidus","(Carriker, 1935)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA1A5A8D",null,null,"San José (near Pimentel), Dept. Lambayeque, Peru","Descriptions of new birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Oreophilus ruficollis pallidus"],["3825","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Oreopholus ruficollis ruficollis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.653",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland and coastal central Peru and Bolivia southward in Chile and Argentina through Tierra del Fuego; winters to coastal Uruguay and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D471104",null,null,"Canelones, Uruguay.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/335/mode/1up","Charadrius ruficollis"],["3826","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Hoploxypterus","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43, no.8 p.418",null,null,null,"2025-0907","Taxon <em>cayanus </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Hoploxypterus </em>based on differences in morphology, osteology, and behavior that place it outside <em>Vanellus </em>(Fjeldså &amp; Nielsen 1989; Livezey 2010). This treatment is supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data (Černý &amp; Natale 2022), although the exact placement of <em>H. cayanus</em> remains unresolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Charadrius cayanus [Latham]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/430/mode/1up","Hoploxypterus"],["3827","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Hoploxypterus cayanus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.749","Pied Plover","Pied Plover","Pied Plover","2025-0907","Taxon <em>cayanus </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Hoploxypterus </em>based on differences in morphology, osteology, and behavior that place it outside <em>Vanellus </em>(Fjeldså &amp; Nielsen 1989; Livezey 2010). This treatment is supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data (Černý &amp; Natale 2022), although the exact placement of <em>H. cayanus</em> remains unresolved.","riverbanks and mudflats of lowlands to hills in tropical South America east of the Andes south to Paraguay, south-eastern Brazil, and (rarely) north-eastern Argentina; west of the Andes only in western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694072","pielap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pielap1","avibase-FC943B05",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/289/mode/1up","Charadrius cayanus"],["3828","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Phegornis","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.35 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leptopus mitchellii [Fraser, 1845]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/158/mode/1up","Phegornis"],["3829","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Phegornis mitchellii","(Fraser, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.140 p.157","Diademed Sandpiper-Plover","Diademed Sandpiper-Plover","Diademed Plover",null,null,"high-elevation bogs of Andes from central Peru to central Chile and western Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693931","diaplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diaplo1","avibase-0BFE075B",null,null,"Chile, probably in the Province of Colchagua.","Exhibition of species of Chilian Birds with description of a new bird from Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/169/mode/1up","Leptopus (Leptodactylus) Mitchellii"],["3830","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Zonibyx","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xviii",null,null,null,"2025-1075","Based mostly on the phylogenetic analyses of Dos Remedios et al. (2015) and Černý &amp; Natale (2022), the expanded genus <em>Charadrius </em>is split into multiple genera: a monotypic <em>Eudromias</em> (<em>E. morinellus</em>); a reduced <em>Charadrius</em> (polytypic; <em>C. vociferus, C. hiaticula, C. semipalmatus</em>, and <em>C. melodus</em>); a monotypic <em>Zonibyx </em>(<em>Z. modestus</em>); a polytypic <em>Thinornis </em>(including <em>T. cucullatus, T. melanops, T. novaeseelandiae, T. forbesi, T. tricollaris, T. dubius</em>, and <em>T. placidus</em>); five monotypic genera not included in the phylogeny by Dos Remedios et al. (2015) (<em>Phegornis, Oreopholus, Elseyornis, Erythrogonys</em>, and <em>Peltohyas</em>); and a large polytypic <em>Anarhynchus </em>comprising the remaining species previously placed in <em>Charadrius</em>. Further research to refine generic limits in the Charadriidae will be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Vanellus cinctus [Lesson]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/86/mode/1up","Zonibyx"],["3831","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Zonibyx modestus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.71","Rufous-chested Dotterel","Rufous-chested Dotterel","Rufous-chested Plover",null,null,"breeds inland south-central Chile, southern Argentina, and Falkland Islands; winters to coastal southern Peru and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693879","rucdot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucdot1","avibase-42D62A12",null,null,"Montevideo, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/91/mode/1up","Charadrius modestus"],["3832","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Eudromias","Brehm, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 10 col.987",null,null,null,"2025-1075","Based mostly on the phylogenetic analyses of Dos Remedios et al. (2015) and Černý &amp; Natale (2022), the expanded genus <em>Charadrius </em>is split into multiple genera: a monotypic <em>Eudromias</em> (<em>E. morinellus</em>); a reduced <em>Charadrius</em> (polytypic; <em>C. vociferus, C. hiaticula, C. semipalmatus</em>, and <em>C. melodus</em>); a monotypic <em>Zonibyx </em>(<em>Z. modestus</em>); a polytypic <em>Thinornis </em>(including <em>T. cucullatus, T. melanops, T. novaeseelandiae, T. forbesi, T. tricollaris, T. dubius</em>, and <em>T. placidus</em>); five monotypic genera not included in the phylogeny by Dos Remedios et al. (2015) (<em>Phegornis, Oreopholus, Elseyornis, Erythrogonys</em>, and <em>Peltohyas</em>); and a large polytypic <em>Anarhynchus </em>comprising the remaining species previously placed in <em>Charadrius</em>. Further research to refine generic limits in the Charadriidae will be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eudromias morinella [Boie]; type by monotypy = Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/524/mode/1up","Eudromias"],["3833","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Eudromias morinellus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150","Eurasian Dotterel","Eurasian Dotterel","Eurasian Dotterel",null,null,"breeds high Arctic coastal tundra and alpine zone, from northern British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula and western Alaska; in south locally from Pyrenees through montane Mongolia; winters from Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa eastward to Arabian Peninsula and Iraq",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693906","eurdot","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurdot","avibase-20BE9DF1",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, apud Hartert, p. 1545.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius Morinellus"],["3834","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150",null,null,null,"2025-1075","Based mostly on the phylogenetic analyses of Dos Remedios et al. (2015) and Černý &amp; Natale (2022), the expanded genus <em>Charadrius </em>is split into multiple genera: a monotypic <em>Eudromias</em> (<em>E. morinellus</em>); a reduced <em>Charadrius</em> (polytypic; <em>C. vociferus, C. hiaticula, C. semipalmatus</em>, and <em>C. melodus</em>); a monotypic <em>Zonibyx </em>(<em>Z. modestus</em>); a polytypic <em>Thinornis </em>(including <em>T. cucullatus, T. melanops, T. novaeseelandiae, T. forbesi, T. tricollaris, T. dubius</em>, and <em>T. placidus</em>); five monotypic genera not included in the phylogeny by Dos Remedios et al. (2015) (<em>Phegornis, Oreopholus, Elseyornis, Erythrogonys</em>, and <em>Peltohyas</em>); and a large polytypic <em>Anarhynchus </em>comprising the remaining species previously placed in <em>Charadrius</em>. Further research to refine generic limits in the Charadriidae will be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Charadrius hiaticula [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius"],["3835","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius vociferus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150","Killdeer","Killdeer","Killdeer",null,null,"breeds inland subarctic North America to central Mexico, Caribbean; locally coastal southwestern Central America, and coastal Ecuador to far northwestern Chile; winters to northern South America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693777","killde","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/killde","avibase-BCF9A19A",null,null,"North America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius vociferus"],["3836","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius vociferus vociferus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland southern Alaska, subarctic to temperate Canada eastward to Gulf of St. Lawrence, throughout contiguous USA and locally to southwestern Panama; winters to northwestern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11CFB93A",null,null,"North America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius vociferus"],["3837","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius vociferus ternominatus","Bangs & Kennard, 1920","The handbook of Jamaica p.684",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas, Greater Antilles and Virgin Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-311C10CB",null,null,"separately paged reprints, p. 8",null,"https://archive.org/details/cu31924085800153/page/n11/mode/2up","Charadrius vociferus ternominatus"],["3838","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius vociferus peruvianus","(Chapman, 1920)","The Auk 37, no.1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Ecuador to far northwestern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-392685DB",null,null,"Paletillas, 1550 ft., northeast of Payta, Province of Piura, Peru.","Description of a proposed new race of the Killdeer from the coast of Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol37/iss1/16/","Oxyechus vociferus peruvianus"],["3839","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius hiaticula","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150","Common Ringed Plover","Common Ringed Plover","Common Ringed Plover",null,null,"breeds inland high Arctic Palearctic from Greenland to northeastern Siberia, in south to temperate northwestern Europe; winters to southern Europe and Mediterranean, Azores to Cabo Verde, sub-Saharan Africa and Malagasy region eastward to Persian Gulf region, and central and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693759","corplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corplo","avibase-EDA37B7C",null,null,"Europe and America, restricted type locality Sweden, ex ref. to Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius Hiaticula"],["3840","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius hiaticula psammodromus","Salomonsen, 1930","Journal für Ornithologie 78, no.1 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds high arctic of Ellesmere and Baffin islands, northeastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands and Svalbard; winters to southern Europe and western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-434B2B56",null,null,"Faroes, Iceland, Greenland and Cumberland Sound.","Bemerkungen über dir geographische Variation von Charadrius hiaticula L..","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01950900","Charadrius hiaticula psammodroma"],["3841","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius hiaticula hiaticula","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles and western France to southern Norway, southern Sweden, and the Baltic States; winters to western Europe and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2D1D482",null,null,"Europe and America, restricted type locality Sweden, ex ref. to Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius Hiaticula"],["3842","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius hiaticula tundrae","(Lowe, 1915)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36, no.210 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Arctic Ocean coasts from northern Scandinavia to Chukotskiy Peninsula and St. Lawrence Island (northern Bering Sea; erratic); winters southern Europe, Africa, southwestern Asia, and central and southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8366CB4",null,null,"Valley of the Yenessei.","Exhibition and description of a new Ringed Plover.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/213/mode/1up","AEgialitis hiaticola tundrae"],["3843","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius semipalmatus","Bonaparte, 1825","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, pt.1 p.98","Semipalmated Plover","Semipalmated Plover","Semipalmated Plover",null,null,"breeds inland high Arctic from Chukotskiy Peninsula (northeastern Russia) eastward through Aleutians and across Canada to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia (southeastern Canada); winters coastally from Oregon and New Jersey southward to northern Chile and northern Argentina; also West Indies and Galápagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693764","semplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semplo","avibase-95E28A57",null,null,"Sea coast of New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79357#page/108/mode/1up","Charadrius semipalmatus"],["3844","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius melodus","Ord, 1824","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: illustrated with plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature by Alexander Wilson 7 p.71","Piping Plover","Piping Plover","Piping Plover",null,null,"eastern Canada and USA; winters southeastern USA, Bahamas, and Greater Antilles",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693811","pipplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pipplo","avibase-671B69FE",null,null,"Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233397#page/89/mode/1up","Charadrius melodus"],["3845","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius melodus circumcinctus","(Ridgway, 1874)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland south-central Canada and north-central USA; winters mainly Gulf coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03D45901",null,null,"Loup Fork of the Platte [River]","Notes Upon American Water Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/120/mode/1up","Aegialitis melodus var. circumcinctus"],["3846","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Charadrius melodus melodus","Ord, 1824","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: illustrated with plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature by Alexander Wilson 7 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastally from eastern Canada and northeastern USA; winters mainly southern Atlantic coast of USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-028C9BEA",null,null,"Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233397#page/89/mode/1up","Charadrius melodus"],["3847","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis","Gray, 1845","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.11",null,null,null,"2025-1075","Based mostly on the phylogenetic analyses of Dos Remedios et al. (2015) and Černý &amp; Natale (2022), the expanded genus <em>Charadrius </em>is split into multiple genera: a monotypic <em>Eudromias</em> (<em>E. morinellus</em>); a reduced <em>Charadrius</em> (polytypic; <em>C. vociferus, C. hiaticula, C. semipalmatus</em>, and <em>C. melodus</em>); a monotypic <em>Zonibyx </em>(<em>Z. modestus</em>); a polytypic <em>Thinornis </em>(including <em>T. cucullatus, T. melanops, T. novaeseelandiae, T. forbesi, T. tricollaris, T. dubius</em>, and <em>T. placidus</em>); five monotypic genera not included in the phylogeny by Dos Remedios et al. (2015) (<em>Phegornis, Oreopholus, Elseyornis, Erythrogonys</em>, and <em>Peltohyas</em>); and a large polytypic <em>Anarhynchus </em>comprising the remaining species previously placed in <em>Charadrius</em>. Further research to refine generic limits in the Charadriidae will be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Charadrius novaeseelandiae [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/91/mode/1up","Thinornis"],["3848","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis cucullatus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.136","Hooded Plover","Hooded Plover","Hooded Plover",null,null,"coastal and inland southwestern Australia, and coastal south-central and southeastern Australia, including Tasmania",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693883","hooplo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hooplo2","avibase-37C6EE35",null,null,"no locality; New South Wales (fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia: p.60), corrected to Bruny Island, Tasmania (13 January - 16 February 1802) (fide Jansen 2018)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/150/mode/1up","Charadrius cucullatus"],["3849","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.684","Shore Plover","Shore Plover","Shore Plover",null,null,"South East/Rangatira Island, Chatham Islands; formerly widespread in New Zealand evidently including Auckland Islands; reintroduced to northern New Zealand satellite islands",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693899","shoplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shoplo1","avibase-2F5B5D5B",null,null,"New Zealand = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, p. 206, no. 10, pl. 83.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/188/mode/1up","Charadrius novae-Seelandiae"],["3850","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis melanops","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.139","Black-fronted Dotterel","Black-fronted Dotterel","Black-fronted Dotterel",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania (except southwestern deserts), and eastern New Zealand (where self-colonized in 1950s)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693943","blfdot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfdot1","avibase-124EBA0D",null,null,"'Terres Australes' = New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/153/mode/1up","Charadrius melanops"],["3851","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis forbesi","(Shelley, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.4 p.560 pl.14","Forbes's Plover","Forbes's Plover","Forbes's Plover",null,null,"grassland and rocky hillsides of western and central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693807","forplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forplo1","avibase-4EBB9A28",null,null,"Shonga, Niger River.","A List of the Birds collected by the late Mr. W. A. Forbes in the Niger Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/620/mode/1up","AEgialitis forbesi"],["3852","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis tricollaris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.147","Three-banded Plover","Three-banded Plover",null,"2025-0910","Taxon <em>bifrontatus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Charadrius tricollaris</em> based on available evidence. Although the two taxa differ in plumage and mitochondrial DNA (Dos Remedios et al. 2020) the levels are more consistent with subspecific differentiation. A more comprehensive analysis based on genomic DNA may be informative.","inland northeastern to southern Africa from Nigeria in west and Egypt in the east southward through the Cape region; Madagascar",null,null,null,"thbplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbplo1","avibase-8DAF86A1",null,null,"Africa, restricted type locality. Cape Town, Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 57.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/161/mode/1up","Charadrius tricollaris"],["3853","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis tricollaris tricollaris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria and northern Cameroon in the west and Egypt (recently colonized) and Eritrea in the east through southern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5D22166",null,null,"Africa, restricted type locality. Cape Town, Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 57.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/161/mode/1up","Charadrius tricollaris"],["3854","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis tricollaris bifrontatus","(Cabanis, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"inland Madagascar including Nosy Be (just off northwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A47E205",null,null,"Madagascar.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Charadrius (Aegialites) bifrontatus"],["3855","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis placidus","(Gray & Gray, 1863)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes of Nepal and Tibet, presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum p.70","Long-billed Plover","Long-billed Plover","Long-billed Plover",null,null,"breeds riverine temperate eastern Asia from southeastern Siberia and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) through eastern China, and disjunctly northeastern India; winters central Nepal eastward to Korean Peninsula, southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), and Taiwan, and southward to central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693767","lobplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobplo1","avibase-8294655E",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=dhQAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA70#v=snippet&q=Charadrius%20placidus&f=false","Charadrius placidus"],["3856","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis dubius","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93","Little Ringed Plover","Little Ringed Plover","Little Ringed Plover",null,null,"breeds inland subarctic to tropical zones of Eurasia east through Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands) and southward through southern Asia, Philippines, New Guinea, and Bismarck Archipelago; winters sub-Saharan west-central to eastern Africa through Indonesian Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693770","lirplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lirplo","avibase-35EC3BBF",null,null,"Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Charadrius dubius"],["3857","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis dubius curonicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.692",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Palearctic from Scandinavia southward to northern Africa, eastward across Russia to Sea of Okhotsk and Ussuriland, southward through Middle East and eastward to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and Taiwan; winters to Africa and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41141E35",null,null,"Kurland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/193/mode/1up","Charadrius curonicus"],["3858","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis dubius jerdoni","(Legge, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"India to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E80C091B",null,null,"Ceylon and middle India.","Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a series of specimens of Little Ringed Plovers from Ceylon and Central India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/73/mode/1up","AEgialitis jerdoni"],["3859","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Thinornis dubius dubius","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines to New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86789E70",null,null,"Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Charadrius dubius"],["3860","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.94",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tringa vanellus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Tringa vanellus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Vanellus"],["3861","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus vanellus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.148","Northern Lapwing","Northern Lapwing","Northern Lapwing",null,null,"breeds inland temperate and subarctic Eurasia from Scandinavia and Iberian Peninsula eastward to southeastern Russia and northeastern China; winters northern Africa eastward to Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan, and northern Vietnam",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693949","norlap","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norlap","avibase-F029489A",null,null,"Europe, Africa. Restricted type locality, Sweden, Hartert, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa Vanellus"],["3862","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus crassirostris","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.427","Long-toed Lapwing","Long-toed Lapwing","Long-toed Lapwing",null,null,"inland sub-Saharan Africa, mostly from South Sudan and Kenya southward through northern Botswana and central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693954","lotlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotlap1","avibase-F7D5320E",null,null,"Nubia.","Ueber Chettusia crassirostris de Filippi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/439/mode/1up","Chettusia crassirostris"],["3863","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus crassirostris crassirostris","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Malawi, and western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33952A9C",null,null,"Nubia.","Ueber Chettusia crassirostris de Filippi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/439/mode/1up","Chettusia crassirostris"],["3864","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus crassirostris leucopterus","Reichenow, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to Tanzania, Angola, northern Botswana, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-689E975F",null,null,"Quilimane, Portuguese East Africa.","Ueber eine Vogelsammlung aus Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/277/mode/1up","Vanellus leucopterus"],["3865","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus armatus","(Burchell, 1822)","Travels in the interior of Southern Africa 1 p.501,note","Blacksmith Lapwing","Blacksmith Lapwing","Blacksmith Lapwing",null,null,"inland west-central Angola to south-central Kenya and southward to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693978","blaplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaplo1","avibase-2F23EDC6",null,null,"Klaarwater [= Griquatown], Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181911#page/551/mode/1up","Charadrius armatus"],["3866","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus spinosus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.151","Spur-winged Lapwing","Spur-winged Lapwing","Spur-winged Lapwing",null,null,"Senegambia to Red Sea, northeastern Tanzania, and eastern Mediterranean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693983","spwlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwlap1","avibase-F5E92B22",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/170/mode/1up","Charadrius spinosus"],["3867","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus duvaucelii","(Lesson, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 42 p.38","River Lapwing","River Lapwing","River Lapwing",null,null,"rivers of India and Nepal to southwestern China and Indochina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693992","rivlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rivlap1","avibase-DDE5A01E",null,null,"Calcutta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81579#page/44/mode/1up","Charadrius Duvaucelii"],["3868","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus malabaricus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53","Yellow-wattled Lapwing","Yellow-wattled Lapwing","Yellow-wattled Lapwing",null,null,"southern Indus Valley of Pakistan, inland India eastward to central Assam, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693959","yewlap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yewlap2","avibase-0BEDE250",null,null,"Malabar Coast, ex Daubenton, pl. 880.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Charadrius malarbaricus"],["3869","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus tectus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.51","Black-headed Lapwing","Black-headed Lapwing","Black-headed Lapwing",null,null,"inland Sahel zone from southern Mauritania eastward to Eritrea and in south from northern Guinea eastward to far northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693995","blhlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhlap1","avibase-D531B5D3",null,null,"Senegal, ex Daubenton, pl. 834.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/73/mode/1up","Charadrius tectus"],["3870","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus tectus tectus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania southward to Guinea-Bissau, eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B271DC8",null,null,"Senegal, ex Daubenton, pl. 834.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/73/mode/1up","Charadrius tectus"],["3871","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus tectus latifrons","(Reichenow, 1881)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 6 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to eastern Kenya and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C17548",null,null,"Berdera, Somaliland.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_6_I-LXXIII.pdf","Sarciophorus latifrons"],["3872","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus albiceps","Gould, 1834","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.18 p.45","White-crowned Lapwing","White-crowned Lapwing","White-crowned Lapwing",null,null,"sandy riverbanks of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694021","whhlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhlap1","avibase-C4EC6263",null,null,"Niger River or Fernando Po. A specimen from Fernando Po is claimed as the type of the species in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, p. 147.","Characters of a New Species of Plover (Vanellus, Linn.) collected by Lieut. Allen in Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/57/mode/1up","Vanellus albiceps"],["3873","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus lugubris","(Lesson, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 42 p.36","Senegal Lapwing","Senegal Lapwing","Senegal Lapwing",null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694033","senlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/senlap1","avibase-42D3918F",null,null,"Locality unknown = Senegal, designated by Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 56.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81579#page/42/mode/1up","Charadrius lugubris"],["3874","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus melanopterus","(Cretzschmar, 1829)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.46 pl.31","Black-winged Lapwing","Black-winged Lapwing","Black-winged Lapwing",null,null,"inland northeastern to southeastern Africa from Eritrea to northern Tanzania and disjunctly eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694038","blwlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwlap1","avibase-83D95620",null,null,"Djedda, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/266/mode/1up","Charadrius melanopterus"],["3875","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus melanopterus melanopterus","(Cretzschmar, 1829)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.46 pl.31",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Sudan, Eritrea, and northwestern Somalia to Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26F5864E",null,null,"Djedda, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/266/mode/1up","Charadrius melanopterus"],["3876","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus melanopterus minor","(Zedlitz, 1908)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya and northwestern Tanzania, eastern and southern South Africa (Limpopo southward to western KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Eastern Cape, and eastern Western Cape); winters on coastal plain north to southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E5E075C",null,null,"South Africa, Ugaia; west of Lake Victoria, and Pondoland.","Kurze Notizen zur Ornis von Nordost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/196/mode/1up","Stephanibyx melanopterus minor"],["3877","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus coronatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49","Crowned Lapwing","Crowned Lapwing","Crowned Lapwing",null,null,"inland northeastern to southern Africa, from northern Somalia in the northeast and Angola in the south, southward through South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694043","crolap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crolap1","avibase-D0FA8EBE",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 800.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Charadrius Coronatus"],["3878","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus coronatus demissus","(Friedmann, 1928)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"arid brush and desert of Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DC391D7",null,null,"Suk-Soda, British Somaliland.","The geographical variations of the Crowned Plover Stephanibyx coronatus.",null,"Stephanibyx coronatus demissus"],["3879","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus coronatus coronatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"arid brush and desert of Ethiopia to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-202197FA",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 800.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Charadrius Coronatus"],["3880","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus senegallus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.259","African Wattled Lapwing","Wattled Lapwing","Wattled Lapwing",null,null,"inland sub-Saharan Africa (except Congolian forest and northwestern and southwestern arid regions) from southern Mauritania east through Eritrea and southward through northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694027","watlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watlap1","avibase-074251A3",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/263/mode/1up","Parra senegalla"],["3881","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus senegallus senegallus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Gambia eastwards to Eritrea and Ethiopia and southwards to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-858BCD59",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/263/mode/1up","Parra senegalla"],["3882","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus senegallus lateralis","Smith, 1839","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.5 pl.23,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Congo and Angola to Mozambique and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFD0E3E2",null,null,"Tugela River, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/101/mode/1up","Vanellus lateralis"],["3883","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus melanocephalus","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.115 pl.44","Spot-breasted Lapwing","Spot-breasted Lapwing","Spot-breasted Lapwing",null,null,"montane grassland of north-central to south-central Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694005","spblap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spblap1","avibase-C76146F3",null,null,"Mountains of Simien, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/129/mode/1up","Lobivanellus melanocephalus"],["3884","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus superciliosus","(Reichenow, 1886)","Journal für Ornithologie 34, no.172 p.116","Brown-chested Lapwing","Brown-chested Lapwing","Brown-chested Lapwing",null,null,"range poorly known; breeds from Nigeria east (probably) to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; disperses west to Ghana, southward to Cameroon and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastward to western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694048","brclap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brclap1","avibase-881C954D",null,null,"Marungu, west of Lake Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus Inner-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101744#page/128/mode/1up","Lobivanellus superciliosus"],["3885","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus cinereus","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.126 p.587","Grey-headed Lapwing","Gray-headed Lapwing","Grey-headed Lapwing",null,null,"breeds inland northeastern China (Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia), and central and southern Japan (Honshu to Kyushu); winters to southern and northeastern India, through southeastern Asia, Malayan Peninsula, Vietnam, southeastern China, and central and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694010","gyhlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhlap1","avibase-8F8F0CF0",null,null,"Calcutta.","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society (Friday Evening, 10th June, 1842.) Report of the Curator].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/645/mode/1up","Pluvianus cinereus"],["3886","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus indicus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.50","Red-wattled Lapwing","Red-wattled Lapwing","Red-wattled Lapwing",null,null,"inland from eastern Türkiye and Persian Gulf region east through southern Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and across the northern plains of India to northern Vietnam, and southward from Sri Lanka eastward to northern Peninsular Malaysia and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694013","rewlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewlap1","avibase-4A30C572",null,null,"Goa, ex Daubenton, pl. 807.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/72/mode/1up","Tringa Indica"],["3887","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus indicus aigneri","(Laubmann, 1913)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 9, no.2 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Türkiye eastward to Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAE3860B",null,null,"Sonmiani, Mekran [Balochistan, Pakistan]","Eine neue Form aus Baluchistan, Sarcogrammus indicus aigneri subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/282/mode/1up","Sarcogrammus indicus aigneri"],["3888","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus indicus indicus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"central Pakistan eastward to Nepal and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-743EB48C",null,null,"Goa, ex Daubenton, pl. 807.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/72/mode/1up","Tringa Indica"],["3889","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus indicus lankae","(Koelz, 1939)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4B5DE1B",null,null,"Galgamuwa, Ceylon","New birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/104/mode/1up","Lobivanellus indicus lankae"],["3890","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus indicus atronuchalis","(Jerdon, 1864)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 3 (\"2 pt2\") p.648",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India and Myanmar to southeastern China, Vietnam, and the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2262734",null,null,"Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113053#page/230/mode/1up","Lobivanellus atronuchalis"],["3891","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus macropterus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.77","Javan Lapwing","Javan Lapwing","Javan Lapwing",null,null,"at least formerly Java; undocumented records from Sumatra and Timor; not reported since 1940 and likely extinct","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693962","sunlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunlap1","avibase-12216EF6",null,null,"Java",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/119/mode/1up","Charadrius macropterus"],["3892","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus tricolor","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.147","Banded Lapwing","Banded Lapwing","Banded Lapwing",null,null,"inland and southern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693967","banlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banlap1","avibase-581FD9E8",null,null,"'Terres Australes ' = New South Wales apud Mathews.","XIV. Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/161/mode/1up","Charadrius tricolor"],["3893","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus miles","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.51","Masked Lapwing","Masked Lapwing",null,"2025-0911","Taxon <em>novaehollandiae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Vanellus miles</em> based on available evidence. Although these taxa differ in plumage and size, and in mitochondrial DNA (Tizard et al. 2019), the presence of two broad zones of introgression, and an apparent absence of vocal differences, suggests they are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","inland southern and eastern New Guinea, Australia (except drier west-central), and New Zealand",null,null,null,"maslap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maslap1","avibase-B326F839",null,null,"Louisiana, ex Daubenton, pl. 835; error, Timor Laut designated as type locality by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 215.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/73/mode/1up","Tringa miles"],["3894","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus miles miles","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A956C6B5",null,null,"Louisiana, ex Daubenton, pl. 835; error, Timor Laut designated as type locality by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 215.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/73/mode/1up","Tringa miles"],["3895","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus miles novaehollandiae","Stephens, 1819","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 11, pt2 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Australia, coastal and inland southeastern Australia including Tasmania, and North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands of New Zealand; self-colonized in 1930s)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD2AE997",null,null,"Flats near Parramatta, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113478#page/330/mode/1up","Vanellus Novae-Hollandiae"],["3896","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus gregarius","(Pallas, 1771)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 1 p.456","Sociable Lapwing","Sociable Lapwing","Sociable Lapwing",null,null,"breeds inland northern Kazakhstan and adjacent southern Russia (formerly Ukraine to Xinjiang); winters Sudan to Eritrea, Israel, Arabian Peninsula, central Pakistan, and northwestern India (now rare globally)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694053","soclap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soclap1","avibase-D348C2D6",null,null,"Volga, Jaiku and Samara.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=4Z1bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA456","Charadrius gregarius"],["3897","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus leucurus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara p.137","White-tailed Lapwing","White-tailed Lapwing","White-tailed Lapwing",null,null,"breeds inland central Türkiye eastward to northwestern Afghanistan and southward from Persian Gulf to southwestern Pakistan; winters to Eritrea and Persian Gulf regions eastward to southwestern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694064","whtlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtlap1","avibase-A480FDDF",null,null,"Between the Kuwan and Ian Daria, Turkestan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/286992#page/154/mode/1up","Charadrius leucurus"],["3898","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus chilensis","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili 4 p.258","Southern Lapwing","Southern Lapwing","Southern Lapwing",null,null,"inland from northern Honduras (and expanding northward) to southern Chile and southern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694075","soulap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soulap1","avibase-AE459A9B",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=259&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Parra Chilensis"],["3899","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus chilensis cayennensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.706",null,null,null,null,null,"Central America from northern Honduras (and expanding northward) southward through northern South America north of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C4780A4",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/207/mode/1up","Parra cayennensis"],["3900","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus chilensis lampronotus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"south of the Amazon River and east of the Andes to southern Uruguay and central Argentina (La Pampa and southern Buenos Aires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B2B5830",null,null,"Paraguay, Brazil, Cayenne. Restricted type locality, southern Brazil, Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, 1923, p. 296, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/116/mode/1up","Charadrius Lampronotus"],["3901","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus chilensis fretensis","(Brodkorb, 1934)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.293 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Argentina and southern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3BC908C",null,null,"Cheaike, Río Chico, Magellanes, Chile","Geographical variation in Belonopterus chilensis (Molina).","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56732","Belonopterus chilensis fretensis"],["3902","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus chilensis chilensis","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili 4 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Chile (Antofagasta southward to Chiloé Island) and Argentina (western Mendoza to Neuquén)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5128D748",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=259&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Parra Chilensis"],["3903","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Vanellus resplendens","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.388","Andean Lapwing","Andean Lapwing","Andean Lapwing",null,null,"Andes of south-central Colombia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694078","andlap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andlap1","avibase-D0591043",null,null,"Andes of Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/398/mode/1up","Charadrius resplendens"],["3904","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Erythrogonys","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.73,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Erythrogonys cinctus [Gould, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/305/mode/1up","Erythrogonys"],["3905","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Erythrogonys cinctus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.73,text","Red-kneed Dotterel","Red-kneed Dotterel","Red-kneed Dotterel",null,null,"Australia (except southwestern deserts and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693903","rekdot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rekdot1","avibase-A358D6BF",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/301/mode/1up","Erythrogonys cinctus"],["3906","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Peltohyas","Sharpe, 1896","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 24 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eudromias australis [Gould, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34473#page/323/mode/1up","Peltohyas"],["3907","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Peltohyas australis","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.174","Inland Dotterel","Inland Dotterel","Inland Dotterel",null,null,"inland central and southern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693936","inldot2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inldot2","avibase-C1DC658F",null,null,"Interior Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/900/mode/1up","Eudromias Australis"],["3908","genus","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.252",null,null,null,"2025-1075","Based mostly on the phylogenetic analyses of Dos Remedios et al. (2015) and Černý &amp; Natale (2022), the expanded genus <em>Charadrius </em>is split into multiple genera: a monotypic <em>Eudromias</em> (<em>E. morinellus</em>); a reduced <em>Charadrius</em> (polytypic; <em>C. vociferus, C. hiaticula, C. semipalmatus</em>, and <em>C. melodus</em>); a monotypic <em>Zonibyx </em>(<em>Z. modestus</em>); a polytypic <em>Thinornis </em>(including <em>T. cucullatus, T. melanops, T. novaeseelandiae, T. forbesi, T. tricollaris, T. dubius</em>, and <em>T. placidus</em>); five monotypic genera not included in the phylogeny by Dos Remedios et al. (2015) (<em>Phegornis, Oreopholus, Elseyornis, Erythrogonys</em>, and <em>Peltohyas</em>); and a large polytypic <em>Anarhynchus </em>comprising the remaining species previously placed in <em>Charadrius</em>. Further research to refine generic limits in the Charadriidae will be needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anarhynchus frontalis [Quoy & Gaimard, 1830]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/310/mode/1up","Anarhynchus"],["3909","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus asiaticus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.715","Caspian Plover","Caspian Plover","Caspian Plover",null,null,"breeds central Asia from southwestern Russia and Turkmenistan eastward to northwestern Xinjiang; winters inland Kenya to south-central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693868","casplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casplo1","avibase-264D0351",null,null,"Salt lakes of the South Tartar Steppes.",null,null,"Charadrius asiaticus"],["3910","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus veredus","(Gould, 1848)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.182 p.38","Oriental Plover","Oriental Plover","Oriental Plover",null,null,"breeds inland eastern Asia from south-central Siberia and Mongolia to western Inner Mongolia (north-central China); winters inland and coastal Indonesia from Java to southern New Guinea and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693872","oriplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oriplo1","avibase-02091964",null,null,"Northern Australia.","On seven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/60/mode/1up","Charadrius veredus"],["3911","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus atrifrons","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.650","Tibetan Sand Plover","Tibetan Sand-Plover","Tibetan Sandplover","2025-0707","Taxon <em>atrifrons </em>(polytypic, including <em>pamirensis </em>and <em>schaeferi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anarhynchus mongolus</em> based on genomic DNA data, supported by vocalizations (Wei et al. 2022a).","breeds inland central Asia and Tibetan Plateau; winters to coasts of Middle East, eastern Africa, Indian Ocean islands, and Indian subcontinent to coastal southern China, southeastern Asia, and Greater Sundas (at least)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230026276","lessap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessap1","avibase-828D3D5A",null,null,"Bengal.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/333/mode/1up","Charadrius atrifrons"],["3912","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus atrifrons schaeferi","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1937)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 89 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Tibet; winters coastal southern China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFD377AC",null,null,"Camp 104, at a locality about 100 miles due north of Jyekundo, South Kokonor","First preliminary report on the results of the Second Dolan Expedition to West China and Tibet: two new birds from Tibet.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064270","Charadrius mongolus schaeferi"],["3913","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus atrifrons pamirensis","(Richmond, 1896)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1083 p.589",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and northeastern Afghanistan to Kunlun Shan (west-central China); winters coastal and Rift lakes of eastern and southeastern Africa and Malagasy region to Lakshadweep, Maldives, and Indian subcontinent",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A4E2005",null,null,"Tagdumbash Pamir, 12000 feet",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/671/mode/1up","Aegialitis pamirensis"],["3914","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus atrifrons atrifrons","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.650",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas and southern Tibet; winters from India to Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D882BB",null,null,"Bengal.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/333/mode/1up","Charadrius atrifrons"],["3915","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus mongolus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.700","Siberian Sand Plover","Siberian Sand-Plover","Siberian Sandplover","2025-0707","Taxon <em>atrifrons </em>(polytypic, including <em>pamirensis </em>and <em>schaeferi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anarhynchus mongolus</em> based on genomic DNA data, supported by vocalizations (Wei et al. 2022a).","breeds inland and coastal eastern Russia; winters from southern coastal Japan (Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands), coastal Taiwan, and Vietnam through Indonesia to Australia, New Guinea region, Melanesia, and western Micronesia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230027154","lessap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessap2","avibase-66DA1FB3",null,null,"Salt lakes toward the Mongolian border = Kulussutai, probably on the Onon River, Siberia, fide Ridgway, 1919, p. 134.",null,null,"Charadrius mongolus"],["3916","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus mongolus mongolus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.700",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sea of Okhotsk to Ussuriland (southeastern Siberia); winters coastal Taiwan, Vietnam to New Guinea region and Australia (except southern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45C8AEA9",null,null,"Salt lakes toward the Mongolian border = Kulussutai, probably on the Onon River, Siberia, fide Ridgway, 1919, p. 134.",null,null,"Charadrius mongolus"],["3917","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus mongolus stegmanni","(Portenko, 1939)","Fauna Anadyrskogo kraya. Ptitsy p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Chukotskiy Peninsula, Kamchatka, Kuril, and Commander islands (eastern Siberia), sporadically western Alaska; winters coastal Kyushu to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), Java, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi region, Australia (except southern), Micronesia, and (race?) Melanesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDC48B3F",null,null,"ßeringsinsel [=Bering Island in the Commander Islands], 18th May 1929","Die Rassen von Charadrius mongolus",null,"Charadrius mongolus stegmanni"],["3918","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus leschenaultii","(Lesson, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 42 p.36","Greater Sand Plover","Greater Sand-Plover","Greater Sandplover",null,null,"breeds inland western to east-central Asia from Türkiye to eastern Mongolia; winters to coastal Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, eastward through southern Asian coasts to southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), Australia, Melanesia, and western Micronesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693862","grsplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grsplo","avibase-98B9C10B",null,null,"Pondicherry, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81579#page/42/mode/1up","Charadrius Leschenaultii"],["3919","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus leschenaultii columbinus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.650",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Türkiye eastward to Azerbaijan and Jordan; winters southeastern Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Persian Gulf",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D390182A",null,null,"Arabia","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/333/mode/1up","Charadrius columbinus"],["3920","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus leschenaultii scythicus","(Carlos, Roselaar & Voisin, 2012)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 132, no.1 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Turkmenistan through southern Kazakhstan and Afghanistan (race?); winters to southeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EADC7E5",null,null,"Perovsk, Chatir-kul, and shores of the Caspian Sea near the Gulf of Krasnovodsk.","A replacement name for Charadrius leschenaultii crassirostris (Severtzov, 1873), a subspecies of Greater Sand Plover","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229071#page/66/mode/1up","Charadrius leschenaultii scythicus"],["3921","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus leschenaultii leschenaultii","(Lesson, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 42 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western China eastward to southern Mongolia and southern Siberia; winters Australasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46BFB17D",null,null,"Pondicherry, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81579#page/42/mode/1up","Charadrius Leschenaultii"],["3922","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus bicinctus","(Jardine & Selby, 1827)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.2 pl.28, with text","Double-banded Plover","Double-banded Plover","Double-banded Plover",null,null,"breeds New Zealand from North to Stewart islands, Chatham (to east) and Auckland islands (to south); winters to coastal southern and eastern Australia including Tasmania, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (far east of Australia), and New Caledonia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693845","dobplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dobplo1","avibase-79420720",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews, infra, p, 216.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/191/mode/1up","Charadrius bicinctus"],["3923","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus bicinctus bicinctus","(Jardine & Selby, 1827)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.2 pl.28, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds New Zealand including Chatham Islands; winters to coastal southern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27262020",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews, infra, p, 216.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/191/mode/1up","Charadrius bicinctus"],["3924","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus bicinctus exilis","(Falla, 1978)","Notornis 25, no.2 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Auckland Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-377282FE",null,null,"Auckland Islands, Adams Island","Banded Dotterel at the Auckland Islands: description of a new sub-species.","https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/banded-dotterel-at-the-auckland-islands-description-of-a-new-sub-species/","Charadrius bicinctus exilis"],["3925","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus obscurus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.686","New Zealand Plover","Red-breasted Dotterel",null,"2025-0909","Taxon <em>aquilonius </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anarhynchus obscurus</em> based on available evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergence is weak (Barth et al. 2013), and differences in plumage, proportions, ecology, and behavior are best considered subspecific. Loss of intermediate populations also means that clinality cannot be assessed, and differences in ecology and behavior might be explained by geography and climate.","breeds coastal northern North Island and satellite islands, and disjunctly montane Stewart Island (New Zealand); winters to coasts of North and South islands",null,null,null,"rebdot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebdot1","avibase-358D1CDA",null,null,"New Zealand, i.e. Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/187/mode/1up","Charadrius obscurus"],["3926","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus obscurus aquilonius","(Dowding, 1994)","Notornis 41, no.4 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern North Island and satellite islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3313E068",null,null,"Mangere International Airport, Auckland, early October 1960","Morphometrics and ecology of the New Zealand Dotterel (Charadrius obscurus), with a description of a new subspecies.","https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/morphometrics-and-ecology-of-the-new-zealand-dotterel-charadrius-obscurus-with-a-description-of-a-new-subspecies/","Charadrius obscurus aquilonius"],["3927","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus obscurus obscurus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.686",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds montane Stewart Island (New Zealand), formerly also South Island; winters to southern South Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B41D547B",null,null,"New Zealand, i.e. Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/187/mode/1up","Charadrius obscurus"],["3928","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus frontalis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.252","Wrybill","Wrybill","Wrybill",null,null,"breeds rivers of northern South Island; winters to coastal northern North Island (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693928","wrybil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrybil1","avibase-719334FB",null,null,"Bale Chouraki, i.e. Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/310/mode/1up","Anarhynchus frontalis"],["3929","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus wilsonia","(Ord, 1814)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: illustrated with plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature by Alexander Wilson 9 p.77 pl.73 fig.5","Wilson's Plover","Wilson's Plover","Wilson's Plover",null,null,"breeds coastal temperate to tropical zones from eastern and Gulf coasts of USA to Caribbean and east-central Brazil; in west from northern Baja California to Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693774","wilplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilplo","avibase-654D660C",null,null,"Cape May, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175518#page/83/mode/1up","Charadrius wilsonia"],["3930","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus wilsonia wilsonia","(Ord, 1814)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: illustrated with plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature by Alexander Wilson 9 p.77 pl.73 fig.5",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Virginia to Florida (southeastern USA) and Gulf of Mexico to Caribbean coast of Central America and Bahamas, Greater Antilles (except Jamaica), and northern Lesser Antilles; winters to eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-321CDB10",null,null,"Cape May, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175518#page/83/mode/1up","Charadrius wilsonia"],["3931","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus wilsonia beldingi","(Ridgway, 1919)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.8 p.108,112",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific and Gulf of California coasts of Baja California southward to southern coastal Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41CA3F7E",null,null,"La Paz, Lower California.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VIII. Families Jacanidae, Rdicnemidae, Haematopodidae, Arenariidae, Aphrizidae, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, Phalaropidae, Recurvirostridae, Rhynchopidae, Sternidae, Laridae, Stercorariidae, Alcidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32831#page/132/mode/1up","Pagolla wilsonia beldingi"],["3932","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus wilsonia cinnamominus","(Ridgway, 1919)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.8 p.108,113",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern South America from northeastern Colombia, Venezuela and islands to north, Trinidad, Grenadines and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles), Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire, eastward to French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F314A41",null,null,"Sabanilla, Colombia.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VIII. Families Jacanidae, Rdicnemidae, Haematopodidae, Arenariidae, Aphrizidae, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, Phalaropidae, Recurvirostridae, Rhynchopidae, Sternidae, Laridae, Stercorariidae, Alcidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32831#page/132/mode/1up","Pagolla wilsonia cinnamomina"],["3933","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus wilsonia crassirostris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.77, pl.94",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern to east-central Brazil (Amapá to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B146249A",null,null,"ad ripas fluviorum [to the banks of the rivers, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/91/mode/1up","Charadrius crassirostris"],["3934","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus collaris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.136","Collared Plover","Collared Plover","Collared Plover",null,null,"coastal and riverine Neotropics from coastal Sinaloa and southern Tamaulipas (but not Yucatan Peninsula; Mexico), coastal Central America, inland around Lake Nicaragua and Panama Canal zone; northern Colombia and Venezuela including islands north of Venezuela, Trinidad, north-central Chile and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693842","colplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colplo1","avibase-03D0649C",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/150/mode/1up","Charadrius collaris"],["3935","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus montanus","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.192","Mountain Plover","Mountain Plover","Mountain Plover",null,null,"breeds locally Great Plains of southwestern Canada to northeastern Utah and western Texas (southwestern USA); winters to inland central California, southern Arizona to southern Texas, and northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693876","mouplo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouplo","avibase-1FFFEF4E",null,null,"Central tableland of the Rocky Mountains = near Sweetwater River, Wyoming.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/230/mode/1up","Charadrius montanus"],["3936","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus falklandicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.747","Two-banded Plover","Two-banded Plover","Two-banded Plover",null,null,"breeds inland and coastal southeastern Chile, south-central and southeastern Argentina, locally in north-central Argentina and southeastern Brazil, also Falkland Islands; winters to coastal Chile and coastal southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693852","twbplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/twbplo1","avibase-A931ED99",null,null,"Port Egmont, Falkland Islands, based on Portlock, Voy. round World, p. 36 and pl.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/287/mode/1up","Charadrius falklandicus"],["3937","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus alticola","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.51","Puna Plover","Puna Plover","Puna Plover",null,null,"Andes of central Peru to northeastern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693849","punplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punplo1","avibase-AA52C3B1",null,null,"Ingapirca, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/89/mode/1up","AEgialitis alticola"],["3938","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus thoracicus","(Richmond, 1896)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 10 p.53","Madagascar Plover","Madagascar Plover","Black-banded Plover",null,null,"coastal western Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693780","madplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madplo1","avibase-0E8EC2EA",null,null,"Loholoka, east coast of Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38774#page/73/mode/1up","AEgialitis thoracica"],["3939","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus pecuarius","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.31, vol.5 pl.183","Kittlitz's Plover","Kittlitz's Plover","Kittlitz's Plover",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa, northeastern Egypt, and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693793","kitplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kitplo1","avibase-0F0DCC2F",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/379/mode/1up","Charadrius pecuarius"],["3940","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus sanctaehelenae","(Harting, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.11 p.260,262,266 pl.9","St. Helena Plover","St. Helena Plover","Saint Helena Plover",null,null,"St. Helena Island (southern Atlantic Ocean)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693785","sthplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthplo1","avibase-9EB06C93",null,null,"St. Helena Island.","On rare or little-known Limicolae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/282/mode/1up","AEgialitis sanctae-helenae"],["3941","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus ruficapillus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.8, vol.5 pl.47 fig.2","Red-capped Plover","Red-capped Plover","Red-capped Plover",null,null,"breeds Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas) and Australia including Tasmania; winters to eastern Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693832","recplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recplo1","avibase-1EDCA978",null,null,"Oceania; restricted to New South Wales apud Mathews; further restricted to near Port Jackson (Botany Bay), New South Wales (Jansen 2018)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/387/mode/1up","Charadrius ruficapillus"],["3942","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus nivosus","(Cassin, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xlvi,696","Snowy Plover","Snowy Plover","Snowy Plover",null,null,"breeds coastal Washington to central Baja California; inland Saskatchewan (irregular; south-central Canada) to California and central Oklahoma and Texas; coastal Gulf of Mexico to Yucatan Peninsula; inland central Mexico; southern and central Bahamas to Virgin Islands; and Peru to south-central Chile; winters to coastal northern Central America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725033","snoplo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snoplo5","avibase-F012ED4B",null,null,"Presidio, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/760/mode/1up","Aegialitis nivosa"],["3943","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus nivosus nivosus","(Cassin, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xlvi,696",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Washington, inland Saskatchewan, and coastal Gulf of Mexico to Yucatan Peninsula, inland central Mexico, and central Bahamas to Virgin Islands; winters to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E6423C8",null,null,"Presidio, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/760/mode/1up","Aegialitis nivosa"],["3944","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus nivosus occidentalis","(Cabanis, 1872)","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.116 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Ecuador to south-central Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4794932C",null,null,"No locality = near Santiago, Chile.","[Zwei neue Charadrius-Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/170/mode/1up","Aegialitis occidentalis"],["3945","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus pallidus","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.158","Chestnut-banded Plover","Chestnut-banded Plover","Chestnut-banded Plover",null,null,"inland and coastal eastern Africa in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, and widely scattered localities in southern Africa from southern Angola and central Mozambique southward through South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693814","chbplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbplo1","avibase-61F0E581",null,null,"Damaraland, S.W. Africa [=Namibia]","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/208/mode/1up","Charadrius pallidus"],["3946","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus pallidus venustus","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Rift Valley soda lakes in south-central Kenya and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAB76B01",null,null,"Massailand = Nguruman Salt Lake, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/190/mode/1up","Charadrius venustus"],["3947","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus pallidus pallidus","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily coasts and inland southwestern Angola and Namibia to Mozambique and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43E3A7D9",null,null,"Damaraland, S.W. Africa [=Namibia]","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/208/mode/1up","Charadrius pallidus"],["3948","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus peronii","(Schlegel, 1865)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.7 Cursores no.29 p.33","Malaysian Plover","Malaysian Plover","Malay Plover",null,null,"coastal Malayan Peninsula to Philippines (local), Greater and Lesser Sundas, and Sulawesi region",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693836","malplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malplo1","avibase-5D09A657",null,null,"L'Archipel Indien.","Excursion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des ÉCHASSIERS.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93242#page/237/mode/1up","Charadrius peroni"],["3949","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus marginatus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.138","White-fronted Plover","White-fronted Plover","White-fronted Plover",null,null,"coastal and inland sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal eastward to Somalia and southward through South Africa; also Madagascar and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693828","whfplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfplo1","avibase-214B3533",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/152/mode/1up","Charadrius marginatus"],["3950","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus marginatus mechowi","(Cabanis, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.167-168 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal and inland sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal and southern Mali southward to northern Angola and eastward to Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-747DEB9D",null,null,"Angola, Africa","Bericht über die Mai-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/449/mode/1up","Aegialitis mechowi"],["3951","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus marginatus marginatus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Angola to southwestern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90B7DC96",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/152/mode/1up","Charadrius marginatus"],["3952","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus marginatus arenaceus","(Clancey, 1971)","Durban Museum Novitates 9 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"inland and coastal southern Mozambique to southern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DF8BD5F",null,null,"Fossil Head Reserve, Umzamba R. mouth, northern Pondoland, Eastern Cape Province","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. XXXIII. [2.] The southern African races of the White-fronted Sandplover Charadrius marginatus Vieillot.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1479","Charadrius marginatus arenaceus"],["3953","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus marginatus tenellus","(Hartlaub, 1861)","Ornithologischer Beitrag zur Fauna Madagascar's p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"inland and coastal Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-401A6775",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52247#page/88/mode/1up","Charadrius tenellus"],["3954","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus javanicus","(Chasen, 1938)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.5-7","Javan Plover","Javan Plover","Javan Plover",null,null,"coastal southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, and southern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693839","javplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javplo1","avibase-EF94AF2E",null,null,"Kuste nehe Batavia, West-Java","Vier neue Vogelrassen aus Malaysia.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0005-0008.pdf","Charadrius alexandrinus javanicus"],["3955","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus dealbatus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.138","White-faced Plover","White-faced Plover","White-faced Plover",null,null,"breeds coastal southeastern China; also Vietnam (1 nest); winters to coastal southern Vietnam, southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Singapore, and eastern Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735615","whfplo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfplo2","avibase-5E8E69CA",null,null,"South coast of China, Formosa, Hainan.","On the Plovers of the Genus aegialites found in China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/184/mode/1up","AEgialites dealbatus"],["3956","species","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus alexandrinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150","Kentish Plover","Kentish Plover","Kentish Plover","2025-0933","Taxon <em>seebohmi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anarhynchus alexandrinus,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Vocal differences between <em>seebohmi </em>and <em>alexandrinus </em>have not been documented; there are only minor morphometric differences between the two (Niroshan et al. 2023), for which clinal variation has not been ruled out; mitochondrial DNA divergence is negligible, and there is no support for <em>seebohmi </em>as the earliest-diverged lineage in this complex (Niroshan et al. 2023).","coastal and inland southern Palearctic from southern Europe eastward to eastern China and Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), in south through northern Africa east through Middle East and Sri Lanka to Taiwan; winters to Sahel of west-central to east-central Africa through eastern China, central and southern Japan, Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727487","kenplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kenplo1","avibase-AA4385A2",null,null,"Egypt, ex Hasselquist.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius alexandrinus"],["3957","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus alexandrinus alexandrinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Palearctic to eastern China, southern Japan including Ryukyu Islands; winters to Africa, southern Asia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD6EA91",null,null,"Egypt, ex Hasselquist.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/169/mode/1up","Charadrius alexandrinus"],["3958","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus alexandrinus nihonensis","(Deignan, 1941)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 31, no.3 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coasts of far southeastern Russia, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, northern Japan, and perhaps northeastern China; nonbreeding range unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1658B6B0",null,null,"Aomori, Hondo, Japan","Remarks on the Kentish Plovers of the Extreme orient, witha separation of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122688#page/128/mode/1up","Charadrius alexandrinus nihonensis"],["3959","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Charadriidae","Plovers and Lapwings","Anarhynchus alexandrinus seebohmi","(Hartert & Jackson, 1915)","Ibis ser.10, vol.3 p.529",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F77B666E",null,null,"Southern shores of the Red Sea and Island of Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35484#page/589/mode/1up","Charadrius alexandrinus seebohmi"],["3960","family","Charadriiformes","Pedionomidae","Plains-wanderer","Pedionomidae",null,null,"Plains-wanderer","Plains-wanderer","Plains-wanderer",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pedion1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pedion1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3961","genus","Charadriiformes","Pedionomidae","Plains-wanderer","Pedionomus","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.92 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pedionomus torquatus [Gould, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/838/mode/1up","Pedionomus"],["3962","species","Charadriiformes","Pedionomidae","Plains-wanderer","Pedionomus torquatus","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.92 p.114","Plains-wanderer","Plains-wanderer","Plains-wanderer",null,null,"locally in sparse grassland of inland southeastern Australia (southwestern Queensland to northern Victoria)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693049","plawan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plawan1","avibase-1CE50BE8",null,null,"Interior of South Australia = plains near Adelaide.","On some new Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/838/mode/1up","Pedionomus torquatus"],["3963","family","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocoridae",null,null,"Seedsnipes","Seedsnipes","Seedsnipes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"thinoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thinoc1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3964","genus","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Attagis","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.130",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Attagis gayi [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I & Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/224/mode/1up","Attagis"],["3965","species","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Attagis malouinus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.13","White-bellied Seedsnipe","White-bellied Seedsnipe","White-bellied Seedsnipe",null,null,"breeds high-montane southern Chile and west-central Argentina southward to Cape Horn; winters to plains of southeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693039","whbsee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsee2","avibase-1D9989DE",null,null,"Falkland Islands, ex Daubenton, pl. 222.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/35/mode/1up","Tetrao Malouinus"],["3966","species","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Attagis gayi","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.135 pl.47","Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe","Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe","Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe",null,null,"montane far southern Colombia to central Ecuador; disjunctly from central Peru to southeastern Chile and southern Santa Cruz Province (southwestern Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693036","rubsee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsee2","avibase-7C72CD00",null,null,"Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/231/mode/1up","Attagis Gayi"],["3967","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Attagis gayi latreillii","Lesson, 1831","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 25 p.343 (\"243\")",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11511B9F",null,null,"In a collection sent from Buenos Aires, error = Ecuador.","197. Illustrations de Zoologie ; par R. P. Lesson. Ire décade : Ms., avec vélins in-4° ; juin 1831'. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25919#page/741/mode/1up","Attagis Latreillii"],["3968","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Attagis gayi simonsi","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to northern Chile and far northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C12AEEC",null,null,"Crucero, 5000 met.. Lake Titicaca, Peru.","Descriptions of a new subspecies of Attagis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/67/mode/1up","Attagis gayi simonsi"],["3969","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Attagis gayi gayi","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.135 pl.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Chile and Argentina southward to Torres del Paine area (southern Chile) and southern Santa Cruz Province (Argentina); possibly to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D95A6C8",null,null,"Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/231/mode/1up","Attagis Gayi"],["3970","genus","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus","Eschscholtz, 1829","Zoologischer Atlas, enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer Thierarten (etc.) Heft1 p.2 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thinocorus rumicivorus [Eschscholtz, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Thinocorus"],["3971","species","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus orbignyianus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.137,139 pl.48,49","Grey-breasted Seedsnipe","Gray-breasted Seedsnipe","Grey-breasted Seedsnipe",null,null,"montane north-central Peru to southern Chile and southern Argentina; winters to adjacent Patagonian lowlands mostly north of Strait of Magellan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693042","gybsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybsee1","avibase-2A1A2F3A",null,null,"Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/235/mode/1up","Tinochorus Orbignyianus"],["3972","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus orbignyianus ingae","Tschudi, 1843","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EE0D62D",null,null,"Andes of Peru, restricted to 'above Matucana, Puna,' by Brodkorb, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 500.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/397/mode/1up","Thinocorus Ingae"],["3973","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus orbignyianus orbignyianus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.137,139 pl.48,49",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of north-central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0A09850",null,null,"Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/235/mode/1up","Tinochorus Orbignyianus"],["3974","species","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus rumicivorus","Eschscholtz, 1829","Zoologischer Atlas, enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer Thierarten (etc.) Heft1 p.2 pl.2","Least Seedsnipe","Least Seedsnipe","Least Seedsnipe",null,null,"lowland coastal northwestern Peru (formerly southwestern Ecuador) to northern Chile; montane southern Peru to northwestern Argentina, and lowland Patagonia to northern Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693046","leasee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leasee1","avibase-4262DA5A",null,null,"Concepcion Bay, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85262#page/13/mode/1up","Thinocorus rumicivorus"],["3975","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus rumicivorus cuneicauda","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southwestern Ecuador (Santa Elena Peninsula; apparently extirpated); lowlands of northwestern Peru (north to Lambayeque) southward to northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EA1B013",null,null,"San Lorenzo Island, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/264/mode/1up","Glareola cuneicauda"],["3976","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus rumicivorus bolivianus","Lowe, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41, no.259 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"altiplano of southern Peru to northern Chile and far northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F87787BE",null,null,"Uyuni, 3660 met., Potosí, Bolivia.","Exhibition and description of three new species and subspecies of Seed-Snipe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/139/mode/1up","Thinocorus rumicivorus bolivianus"],["3977","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Thinocoridae","Seedsnipes","Thinocorus rumicivorus rumicivorus","Eschscholtz, 1829","Zoologischer Atlas, enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer Thierarten (etc.) Heft1 p.2 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Patagonian steppe from Neuquén and Río Negro (south-central Argentina) southward to Tierra del Fuego; southern breeders mostly winter northward to central Chile and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-921DA996",null,null,"Concepcion Bay, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85262#page/13/mode/1up","Thinocorus rumicivorus"],["3978","family","Charadriiformes","Rostratulidae","Painted-snipes","Rostratulidae",null,null,"Painted-snipes","Painted-Snipes","Painted-snipes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rostra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rostra1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3979","genus","Charadriiformes","Rostratulidae","Painted-snipes","Nycticryphes","Wetmore & Peters, 1923","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 36 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Totanus semicollaris [Vieillot, 1816]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107376#page/163/mode/1up","Nycticryphes"],["3980","species","Charadriiformes","Rostratulidae","Painted-snipes","Nycticryphes semicollaris","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 6 p.402","South American Painted-snipe","South American Painted-Snipe","South American Painted-snipe",null,null,"locally in lowlands of Paraguay and southeastern Brazil to south-central Argentina and central Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693520","soapas1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soapas1","avibase-585E1D52",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara no. 405.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60102#page/426/mode/1up","Totanus semi-collaris"],["3981","genus","Charadriiformes","Rostratulidae","Painted-snipes","Rostratula","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.56",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rallus benghalensis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Rallus benghalensis Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f62.item","Rostratula"],["3982","species","Charadriiformes","Rostratulidae","Painted-snipes","Rostratula benghalensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.153","Greater Painted-snipe","Greater Painted-Snipe","Greater Painted-snipe",null,null,"locally in inland Africa, Madagascar, and Oriental region from Indus Valley (central Pakistan) to Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), Philippines, and eastern Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735810","grpsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grpsni1","avibase-7516E687",null,null,"Asia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/172/mode/1up","Rallus benghalensis"],["3983","species","Charadriiformes","Rostratulidae","Painted-snipes","Rostratula australis","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.6","Australian Painted-snipe","Australian Painted-Snipe","Australian Painted-snipe",null,null,"southeastern to northern Australia, mainly on coasts from southern South Australia (Eyre Peninsula) to northern Queensland",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735692","auspas1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auspas1","avibase-8CB3B219",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/308/mode/1up","Rhynchaea Australis"],["3984","family","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacanidae",null,null,"Jacanas","Jacanas","Jacanas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"jacani1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jacani1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["3985","genus","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Hydrophasianus","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.279",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parra sinensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Tringa chirurgus Scopoli, 1786",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/158/mode/1up","Hydrophasianus"],["3986","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Hydrophasianus chirurgus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.92","Pheasant-tailed Jacana","Pheasant-tailed Jacana","Pheasant-tailed Jacana",null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan eastward in sub-Himalayan region to southeastern China and Taiwan, and southward to southern India, Sri Lanka, southeastern Asia, and Philippines; winters sparsely southward to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693543","phtjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phtjac1","avibase-6F672FA3",null,null,"'In nova Guiana' = Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Tringa Chirurgus"],["3987","genus","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.121",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parra jacana [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Parra jacana Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Jacana"],["3988","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana spinosa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.152","Northern Jacana","Northern Jacana","Northern Jacana",null,null,"inland southern Sinaloa and central Tamaulipas (northwestern and northeastern Mexico); rarely southern Texas (where formerly bred) to western Panama, and including Cozumel (just off Yucatan Peninsula); and Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693550","norjac","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norjac","avibase-3E6F686E",null,null,"South America ex Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., p. 48, pl. 48. ' I was told it was brought from Carthagena. ...' Error = Panama, substituted as type locality by Todd, antea, p. 219.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/171/mode/1up","Fulica spinosa"],["3989","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana jacana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.259","Wattled Jacana","Wattled Jacana","Wattled Jacana",null,null,"wetlands including ricefields of west-central Panama throughout mesic parts of South America and associated Caribbean islands, southward through central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693553","watjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watjac1","avibase-D324ED7D",null,null,"South America, Surinam accepted as type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 304.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/263/mode/1up","Parra Jacana"],["3990","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana jacana hypomelaena","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.454 pl.CLIX",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Panama to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFFF49D1",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/260/mode/1up","Parra hypomelaena"],["3991","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana jacana melanopygia","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia to western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A85E6AA",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia. Error, the type could not have come from there, cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 225.","On the species of the American genus Parra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/341/mode/1up","Parra melanopygia"],["3992","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana jacana intermedia","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador, eastern Colombia, northern and central Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B4DC01F",null,null,"Venezuela.","On the species of the American genus Parra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/340/mode/1up","Parra intermedia"],["3993","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana jacana jacana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia eastward to the Guianas and southward to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8691538",null,null,"South America, Surinam accepted as type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 304.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/263/mode/1up","Parra Jacana"],["3994","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana jacana scapularis","Chapman, 1922","American Museum Novitates no.31 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E71C328",null,null,"Chone, Province of Manavi, Ecuador.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4602/","Jacana scapularis"],["3995","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Jacana jacana peruviana","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.253-254",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (lower Río Ucayalí) and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D69B41E0",null,null,"Masisea, lower Ucayali River, Peru.","Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/33/mode/1up","Jacana spinosa peruviana"],["3996","genus","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Microparra","Cabanis, 1877","Journal für Ornithologie 25, no.139 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parra capensis [Smith, A, 1839]; type by original designation",null,"Bericht über die (XIV.) Mai-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102780#page/361/mode/1up","Microparra"],["3997","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Microparra capensis","(Smith, 1839)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.32,text","Lesser Jacana","Lesser Jacana","Lesser Jacana",null,null,"lakes, ponds, and marshes of sub-Saharan Africa from Mali eastward to Ethiopia and southward to Namibia and southeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693536","lesjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesjac1","avibase-29B03FAE",null,null,"Near Algoa Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/139/mode/1up","Parra capensis"],["3998","genus","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Irediparra","Mathews, 1911","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parra gallinacea [Temminck, 1828]; type by original designation",null,"On some necessary alterations in the nomenclature of birds. Pt. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/23/mode/1up","Irediparra"],["3999","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Irediparra gallinacea","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.78, vol.5 pl.464","Comb-crested Jacana","Comb-crested Jacana","Comb-crested Jacana",null,null,"inland southeastern Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas and Mindanao (southern Philippines) eastward to New Guinea and some satellites, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693540","cocjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocjac1","avibase-570239AA",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/525/mode/1up","Parra gallinacea"],["4000","genus","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Metopidius","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.279",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parra aenea [Cuvier, 1817]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 71). = Parra indica Latham, 1790",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/158/mode/1up","Metopidius"],["4001","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Metopidius indicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.765","Bronze-winged Jacana","Bronze-winged Jacana","Bronze-winged Jacana",null,null,"lowlands of India to southwestern China, southeastern Asia, Sumatra, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693547","brwjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwjac1","avibase-CE89BE6D",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/305/mode/1up","Parra indica"],["4002","genus","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Actophilornis","Oberholser, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parra africana [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/116/mode/1up","Actophilornis"],["4003","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Actophilornis africanus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.709","African Jacana","African Jacana","African Jacana",null,null,"lakes, ponds, and marshes of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693528","afrjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrjac1","avibase-D16D486D",null,null,"Africa, restricted to Ethiopia by Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 59.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/210/mode/1up","Parra africana"],["4004","species","Charadriiformes","Jacanidae","Jacanas","Actophilornis albinucha","(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832)","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.6, p.3; pl.6","Madagascar Jacana","Madagascar Jacana","Madagascar Jacana",null,null,"lakes, ponds, and marshes of western and northern Madagascar",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693532","madjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madjac1","avibase-640D2B03",null,null,"Madagascar.","JACANA. PARRA. Lin..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/119/mode/1up","Parra albinuca"],["4005","family","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopacidae",null,null,"Sandpipers and allies","Sandpipers and Allies","Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"scolop2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scolop2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4006","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Bartramia","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.7 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bartramia laticauda [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Tringa longicauda Bechstein, 1812",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/591/mode/1up","Bartramia"],["4007","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Bartramia longicauda","(Bechstein, 1812)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4 pt2 p.453, pl.42","Upland Sandpiper","Upland Sandpiper","Upland Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds inland grassland from southeastern Alaska eastward to southeastern Canada and New England, in south to eastern Oregon and Pennsylvania (USA); winters inland grassland from southern Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and west-central to east-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693203","uplsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uplsan","avibase-BF1DA86E",null,null,"North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/235032#page/235/mode/1up","Tringa longicauda"],["4008","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.311",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scolopax arquata [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Scolopax arquata Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Numenius"],["4009","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius borealis","(Forster, 1772)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.431","Eskimo Curlew","Eskimo Curlew","Eskimo Curlew",null,null,"formerly bred low Arctic tundra of northwestern North America, from northern Northwest Territories (northwestern Canada; possibly also northern Alaska); wintered in grassland from southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina; probably extinct, last confirmed record 1963","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693170","eskcur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eskcur","avibase-FB9305DB",null,null,"Fort Albany, Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/455/mode/1up","Scolopax borealis"],["4010","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius minutus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.176","Little Curlew","Little Curlew","Little Curlew",null,null,"breeds patchily in subarctic taiga of west-central to east-central Siberia; winters coastal and inland south-central New Guinea, Port Moresby area (southeastern New Guinea), and northern Australia to west-central and east-central coasts",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693165","litcur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litcur","avibase-C00E1EB8",null,null,"New South Wales.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/902/mode/1up","Numenius minutus"],["4011","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius tahitiensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.656","Bristle-thighed Curlew","Bristle-thighed Curlew","Bristle-thighed Curlew",null,null,"breeds upland low Arctic tundra of western Alaska, in north-central Seward Peninsula and northern Yukon Delta; winters from Micronesia and Fiji eastward through Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Kauai (rarer on other main Hawaiian Islands), and throughout Polynesia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693182","brtcur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtcur","avibase-2507326E",null,null,"Tahiti, Society Islands, based on the Otaheite Curlew of Latham, Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, p. 122, no. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/157/mode/1up","Scolopax tahitiensis"],["4012","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius hudsonicus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.712","Hudsonian Whimbrel","Hudsonian Whimbrel",null,"2025-0912","Taxon <em>hudsonicus </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufiventris</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Numenius phaeopus</em> based on morphology and deep genomic DNA divergence (McLaughlin et al. 2020; Tan et al. 2023). However, vocalizations seem similar, and a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking.","Alaska to northern Canada; winters to southern South America",null,null,null,"whimbr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whimbr3","avibase-4D844D5E",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/252/mode/1up","Numenius hudsonicus"],["4013","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius hudsonicus rufiventris","Vigors, 1829","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska and northwestern Canada; winters coastal central California southward to southern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5257CAD",null,null,"not mentioned.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/368/mode/1up","Numenius rufiventris"],["4014","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius hudsonicus hudsonicus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.712",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Hudson Bay area to northeastern Canada; winters to Caribbean and southward to southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4E2CEA3",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/252/mode/1up","Numenius hudsonicus"],["4015","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius phaeopus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.146","Eurasian Whimbrel","Eurasian Whimbrel",null,"2025-0912","Taxon <em>hudsonicus </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufiventris</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Numenius phaeopus</em> based on morphology and deep genomic DNA divergence (McLaughlin et al. 2020; Tan et al. 2023). However, vocalizations seem similar, and a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking.","breeds patchily northern Palearctic and steppes of southwestern Russia; winters widely on coasts of Old World",null,null,null,"whimbr5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whimbr5","avibase-082F3A63",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/165/mode/1up","Scolopax Phaeopus"],["4016","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius phaeopus islandicus","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.610",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, and northern Scotland; winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13784847",null,null,"Iceland, 1819; collector unknown",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/642/mode/1up","Numenius islandicus"],["4017","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius phaeopus phaeopus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Norway to north-central Siberia; winters to Africa and southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09A8C4CA",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/165/mode/1up","Scolopax Phaeopus"],["4018","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius phaeopus alboaxillaris","Lowe, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41, no.259 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds steppes of Kazakhstan? and southwestern Siberia; winters islands and coasts of western Indian Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-632663BA",null,null,"Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Whimbrel from Portuguese East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/140/mode/1up","Numenius phaeopus alboaxillaris"],["4019","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius phaeopus rogachevae","Tomkovich, 2008","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 87 no.9 p.1097",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central Siberia; winters presumably to Indian Ocean coasts",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A608FEB",null,null,"Evenkia, upper reaches of the Vilyuy River, Lake Ukikit (65°45' N, 105°00' E). B.N. Andreev on July 23, 1966","A new subspecies of the Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) from Central Siberia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289204928","Numenius phaeopus rogachevae"],["4020","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius phaeopus variegatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia; winters eastern India eastward to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan, southward through Philippines and Indonesia to Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76BEB095",null,null,"No locality = Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Tantalus variegatus"],["4021","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius americanus","Bechstein, 1812","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.2 p.432","Long-billed Curlew","Long-billed Curlew","Long-billed Curlew",null,null,"breeds inland grassland from southern British Columbia eastward to southwestern Saskatchewan (southwestern Canada) southward to northeastern California and northeastern New Mexico (southwestern USA); winters to coastal and inland California, and Gulf Coast to central Panama and western Yucatan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693195","lobcur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobcur","avibase-5284C27B",null,null,"New York and Hudson Bay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/235032#page/214/mode/1up","Numenius americanus"],["4022","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius madagascariensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.242","Far Eastern Curlew","Far Eastern Curlew","Far Eastern Curlew",null,null,"breeds inland wetlands from east-central Siberia to Kamchatka and Ussuriland (southeastern Russia) and Heilongjiang (northeastern China); winters to Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, and New Zealand (scarce)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693199","faecur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faecur","avibase-DAF8F22B",null,null,"Madagascar, error = Macassar, Celebes, as designated by Neumann, antea, p. 150.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/246/mode/1up","Scolopax madagascariensis"],["4023","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius tenuirostris","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.302","Slender-billed Curlew","Slender-billed Curlew","Slender-billed Curlew",null,null,"formerly bred southwestern Siberia; wintered to coastal Tunisia and Morocco; extinct, last verified report 1995","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693185","slbcur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcur","avibase-7A35DE81",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/326/mode/1up","Numenius tenuirostris"],["4024","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius arquata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145","Eurasian Curlew","Eurasian Curlew","Eurasian Curlew",null,null,"breeds subarctic and temperate Palearctic wetlands and meadows from Faroe Islands, British Isles, and Scandinavia southward to southern France, eastward through northern Kazakhstan and (locally) northern Mongolia to Transbaikalia (northeastern Russia), Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang (northeastern China); winters mainly subtropical to tropical coasts and larger rivers from Iceland, southern British Isles, southern Europe, Mediterranean, Africa, and Malagasy region through Middle East, Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia, central and southern Japan, Korean Peninsula, southeastern China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Indonesian Archipelago",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693190","eurcur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurcur","avibase-3BB5CBA6",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax Arquata"],["4025","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius arquata arquata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles to Ural Mountains; winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3149C32A",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax Arquata"],["4026","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius arquata orientalis","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.610",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from central Siberia eastward to northeastern China (central Heilongjiang); winters along coasts of eastern and southern Africa, Madagascar, and eastward through southern Asia to eastern China and southern Japan, southward to Philippines and Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F9765C5",null,null,"East Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/642/mode/1up","Numenius orientalis"],["4027","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Numenius arquata suschkini","Neumann, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in western Russia (lower Volga Valley and Urals eastward to southwestern Siberia) and northern Kazakhstan; winters along coasts of sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A160A29",null,null,"Degama am Senegal","Über Rassen des Grossen Brachvogels.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0076-0078.pdf","Numenius arquata suschkini"],["4028","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.261",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Scolopax limosa [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Scolopax limosa Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Limosa"],["4029","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa lapponica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.147","Bar-tailed Godwit","Bar-tailed Godwit","Bar-tailed Godwit",null,null,"breeds patchily in low Arctic tundra of northern Palearctic from far northern Scandinavia to Chukotskiy and Anadyr peninsulas (northeastern Russia) and northern and western Alaska; winters mainly temperate to tropical coasts from British Isles, southern Europe, western Mediterranean, Africa, and Malagasy region through Middle East, Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia, Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), southeastern China, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, Australasia from New Guinea region to Melanesia and New Zealand, and Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693158","batgod","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batgod","avibase-9A684C99",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/166/mode/1up","Scolopax lapponica"],["4030","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa lapponica lapponica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northern Scandinavia eastward to northwestern Russia; winters from the North Sea, western Iberia, and northwestern Africa southward to western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42DB6051",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/166/mode/1up","Scolopax lapponica"],["4031","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa lapponica yamalensis","Bom, Conklin, Verkuil et al., 2022","Ibis vol.164, no.2 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on the northern West-Siberian Plain, including the Yamal Peninsula and the lower Ob River Valley; winter range incompletely known, but extends from Oman eastward to western India, and probably the eastern coast of Africa, perhaps southward to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-461F5238",null,null,"collected on 21 June 1998 at Yun’yakha River mouth, Shchuchya River Valley, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia (67.49°N, 68.41°E) by V. V. Morozov","Central-West Siberian-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) segregate in two morphologically distinct flyway populations","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355398739","Limosa lapponica yamalensis"],["4032","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa lapponica taymyrensis","Engelmoer & Roselaar, 1998","Geographical variation in waders p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central Siberia, roughly from the lower Yenisei River Valley eastward to the lower Anabar River Valley; winter range incompletely known but primarily coasts of West Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-251E5B42",null,null,"near Lake Taymyr [Russia]",null,null,"Limosa lapponica taymyrensis"],["4033","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa lapponica menzbieri","Portenko, 1936","The Auk 53, no.2 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Siberia; winters southeastern Asia to coastal Australia including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A01D4F6",null,null,"Ruskaye Ustye (Russian mouth) in the Indigirka delta","The Bar-Tailed Godwit and Its Races","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol53/iss2/8/","Limosa lapponica menzbieri"],["4034","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa lapponica baueri","Naumann, 1836","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen : Durchaus umgearbeit, systematisch geordnet, sehr vermehrt, vervollständigt, und mit getreu nach der Natur eigenhändig gezeichneten und gestochenen Abbildungen aller deutschen Vögel, nebst ihren Hauptverschiedenheiten 8 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia to northern and western Alaska; winters to Australasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9544E352",null,null,"New Holland = Victoria, apud Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 220.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105309#page/445/mode/1up","Limosa Baueri"],["4035","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa limosa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.147","Black-tailed Godwit","Black-tailed Godwit","Black-tailed Godwit",null,null,"breeds in subarctic and temperate wet grassland from Iceland, Faroe Islands, British Isles, and Scandinavia southward to southwestern France, east through northwestern Russia, northern Kazakhstan, and northern Mongolia eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Amurland (eastern Russia) and Inner Mongolia (northeastern China); winters coastal and inland temperate to tropical wetlands from southern British Isles, southern Europe, Africa (except southern), Middle East, southern Asia, Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), Taiwan, southeastern China, Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, southern New Guinea, and Australia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693150","bktgod","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktgod","avibase-454B5CD5",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/166/mode/1up","Scolopax Limosa"],["4036","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa limosa islandica","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.636",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland, Faroe and Shetland islands and northern Norway; winters to southwestern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E8EA8C6",null,null,"Iceland",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/668/mode/1up","Limosa islandica"],["4037","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa limosa limosa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic; winters Mediterranean to sub-Saharan Africa and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-840E4B9F",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/166/mode/1up","Scolopax Limosa"],["4038","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa limosa melanuroides","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.163 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds disjunctly in Siberia east of the Yenisei River, in eastern Mongolia, and in northeastern China (populations in northeastern Siberia probably are bohaii); winters from India, Indochina, Taiwan, and Philippines southward to Indonesia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Australia, and New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9A81E64",null,null,"Port Essington, Australia.","Descriptions of two New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/452/mode/1up","Limosa Melanuroides"],["4039","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa limosa bohaii","Zhu, Verkuil, Conklin et al., 2021","Ibis vol.163, no.2FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"breeding range not well established, but probably in northeastern Siberia (Sakha Republic); winter range also incompletely known, but reported from Hong Kong and Vietnam to Thailand and Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AAE0403",null,null,"Hangu, Tianjin, China, collected on 16 April 2018  by Bing-Run Zhu (Fig. 6a,c","Discovery of a morphologically and genetically distinct population of Black-tailed Godwits in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344475511","Limosa limosa bohaii"],["4040","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa fedoa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.146","Marbled Godwit","Marbled Godwit","Marbled Godwit",null,null,"breeds subarctic to temperate grassland disjunctly in central Alaska Peninsula; south-central Canada to north-central USA; and west James Bay area (northern Ontario, east-central Canada); winters coastal USA from Washington to central Panama and New Jersey to Yucatan Peninsula",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693162","margod","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/margod","avibase-249AE8DF",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 137.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/165/mode/1up","Scolopax Fedoa"],["4041","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa fedoa beringiae","Gibson & Kessel, 1989","The Condor 91, no.2 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Alaskan Peninsula; winters coastal Washington southward to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-297F34F0",null,null,"near King Salmon River Mouth, Ugashik Bay, Alaska (at 57 30'N, 157 37' W), elevation sea level","Geographic variation in the marbled godwit and description of Alaska subspecies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol91/iss2/23/","Limosa fedoa beringiae"],["4042","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa fedoa fedoa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Alberta eastward to southern Manitoba (central Canada), and southward to South Dakota and northeastern Ontario (east-central Canada); winters coastal New Jersey southward to Yucatan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B82BF52A",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 137.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/165/mode/1up","Scolopax Fedoa"],["4043","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limosa haemastica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.147","Hudsonian Godwit","Hudsonian Godwit","Hudsonian Godwit",null,null,"breeds patchily in low Arctic bogs near treeline, in western and south-central Alaska, northern and south-central Northwest Territories, and southwestern Hudson Bay (northwestern to east-central Canada); winters mainly to temperate coastal wetlands, where highly localized, in northern Peru to southern Chile and southern Brazil to southern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693154","hudgod","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hudgod","avibase-93013964",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 138.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/166/mode/1up","Scolopax Haemastica"],["4044","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limnodromus","Wied-Neuwied, 1833","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 4, pt.2 p.716",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scolopax noveboracensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy = Scolopax grisea J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21140#page/734/mode/1up","Limnodromus"],["4045","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limnodromus semipalmatus","(Blyth, 1848)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 17, pt.1 p.252","Asian Dowitcher","Asian Dowitcher","Asian Dowitcher",null,null,"breeds inland wetlands from southwestern Siberia and eastern Kazakhstan, (probably) northern Mongolia to southeastern Siberia, and northeastern China; winters coastal Thai-Malay Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago, and northern Australia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693351","asidow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asidow1","avibase-B7E68EC8",null,null,"Calcutta.","Report of Curator Zoological Department.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124005#page/366/mode/1up","Macrorhamphus semipalmatus"],["4046","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limnodromus scolopaceus","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 1 p.170,note","Long-billed Dowitcher","Long-billed Dowitcher","Long-billed Dowitcher",null,null,"breeds wet meadows from Lena River through northeastern Siberia, St. Lawrence Island (Bering Sea; rare), western Alaska and northern Northwest Territories (north-central Canada); winters inland from Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands) and the southern US through Mexico, along the Pacific coast from the Pacific Northwest southward to northwestern Costa Rica, and along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from the mid-Atlantic southward to the Yucatan Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693348","lobdow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow","avibase-CB343E43",null,null,"Near Boyer Creek Council Bluffs, Iowa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124314#page/187/mode/1up","Limosa scolopacea"],["4047","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limnodromus griseus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.658","Short-billed Dowitcher","Short-billed Dowitcher","Short-billed Dowitcher",null,null,"breeds north temperate bogs in tundra and muskeg from Gulf of Alaska and inland south-central Alaska, southwestern Yukon, and montane northwestern British Columbia (northwestern Canada); north-central Alberta to western Manitoba (central Canada); southwestern Hudson and James bays to western Labrador (east-central Canada); winters coastal mudflats and mangroves from northern California to northern Peru and Galapagos, and North Carolina to northeastern Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693344","shbdow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbdow","avibase-4A3B2CFF",null,null,"Shores of New York, i.e. Long Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/159/mode/1up","Scolopax grisea"],["4048","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limnodromus griseus caurinus","Pitelka, 1950","University of California Publications in Zoology 50 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Gulf of Alaska and inland south-central Alaska, southwestern Yukon, and montane northwestern British Columbia (northwestern Canada); winters central USA to Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB3A6FCB",null,null,"Yakutat, southeastern Alaska","Geographic variation and the species problem in the shore-bird genus Limnodromus.",null,"Limnodromus griseus caurinus"],["4049","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limnodromus griseus hendersoni","Rowan, 1932","The Auk 49, no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds plains of central Canada; winters southeastern USA to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6C8F2B2",null,null,"California, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and South Carolina; type either from Beaverhills Lake or Devil's Lake, Alberta, cf. Rowan, loc. cit., p. 32.","The status of the Dowitchers with a description of a new subspecies from Alberta and Manitoba.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol49/iss1/3/","Limnodromus griseus hendersoni"],["4050","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Limnodromus griseus griseus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.658",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Hudson Bay and James Bay to western Labrador (east-central Canada); winters coastal eastern USA to Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B84A8B7B",null,null,"Shores of New York, i.e. Long Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/159/mode/1up","Scolopax grisea"],["4051","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Lymnocryptes","Boie, 1826","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.118",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scolopax minima [Brünnich, 1764]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/146/mode/1up","Lymnocryptes"],["4052","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Lymnocryptes minimus","(Brünnich, 1764)","Ornithologia borealis, sistens collectionem avium ex omnibus, Imperio Danico subjectis (etc.) p.49","Jack Snipe","Jack Snipe","Jack Snipe",null,null,"breeds taiga wetlands from Scandinavia and northeastern Poland to east-central Siberia; winters inland wetlands from Faroe and British islands, western and southern Europe, Mediterranean, tropical Africa, Middle East, and southern and eastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693133","jacsni","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jacsni","avibase-1A15F0C6",null,null,"Christiansø",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265835#page/61/mode/1up","Scolopax minima"],["4053","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Scolopax rusticola [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax"],["4054","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax minor","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.661","American Woodcock","American Woodcock","American Woodcock",null,null,"breeds temperate forest and edge from southwestern Alberta eastward to Maritime Provinces (south-central to southeastern Canada) and southward to southeastern Texas and northern Florida (southeastern USA); winters in southeastern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693072","amewoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amewoo","avibase-F4829920",null,null,"New York, ex Pennant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/162/mode/1up","Scolopax minor"],["4055","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax rusticola","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.146","Eurasian Woodcock","Eurasian Woodcock","Eurasian Woodcock",null,null,"breeds locally in moist woodland and bogs from British Isles and Scandinavia southward to northern Iberian Peninsula and Azores to Canary Islands, eastward to southeastern Russia southward to central Japan (Honshu and Izu Islands), and disjunctly in the Caucasus and Himalayas; winters southward to northern Africa and eastward to central and southern Japan (to Ryukyu Islands) and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693052","eurwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurwoo","avibase-BFE14290",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/165/mode/1up","Scolopax Rusticola"],["4056","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax mira","Hartert, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.64","Amami Woodcock","Amami Woodcock","Amami Woodcock",null,null,"Amami-Oshima, Tokunoshima, Okinawa, Tokashiki-Shima (Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693056","amawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amawoo1","avibase-540030A1",null,null,"Amami-Oshima, Riu Kiu Islands.","Exhibition and description of a new Woodcock from the Loo Choo Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/270/mode/1up","Scolopax rusticola mira"],["4057","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax bukidnonensis","Kennedy, Fisher, Harrap et al., 2001","Forktail 17 p.3","Bukidnon Woodcock","Bukidnon Woodcock","Bukidnon Woodcock",null,null,"cloudforest and clearings, from lowlands to mountains of Calayan and Babuyan (Babuyan Islands, northernmost Philippines), and montane Luzon and Mindanao (northern and southern Philippines, respectively)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729854","bukwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bukwoo1","avibase-EC0ADB10",null,null,"cleared field adjacent to montane forest (Figure 3) on 22 January 1995, at an elevation of 1,530 m, c. 8 o 08.58'N 124 o 58.88'E, 6.5 km east, 2.9 km north of the peak (2,938 m) of Mt. Kitanglad in the Sawaga (alternate name Lalawan) River drainage, Sitio Kinubalan, Barangay Dalwangan, Municipality of Malaybalay, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao, Philippines","A new species of woodcock (Aves: Scolopacidae) from the Philippines and a re-evaluation of other Asian/Papuasian woodcock. --","https://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Kennedy-Woodcock.pdf","Scolopax bukidnonensis"],["4058","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax saturata","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.191","Javan Woodcock","Javan Woodcock","Javan Woodcock",null,null,"mountains of Sumatra and western Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693060","duswoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duswoo4","avibase-B12B5C0D",null,null,"Mountain Lake at 7000 feet, Java = Mount Prahu.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/210/mode/1up","Scolopax saturata"],["4059","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax rosenbergii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.54","New Guinea Woodcock","New Guinea Woodcock","New Guinea Woodcock",null,null,"mountains of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729848","duswoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duswoo3","avibase-6D3CC1FB",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/66/mode/1up","Scolopax Rosenbergii"],["4060","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax rochussenii","Schlegel, 1866","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.254-256","Moluccan Woodcock","Moluccan Woodcock","Moluccan Woodcock",null,null,"Obi (north-central Moluccas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693068","molwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molwoo1","avibase-49C57A6B",null,null,"Obi Major.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/268/mode/1up","Scolopax rochussenii"],["4061","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax celebensis","Riley, 1921","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.55","Sulawesi Woodcock","Sulawesi Woodcock","Sulawesi Woodcock",null,null,"montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693065","sulwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulwoo1","avibase-5306D33E",null,null,"Rano Rano, Celebes.","Four new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/77/mode/1up","Scolopax celebensis"],["4062","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax celebensis heinrichi","Stresemann, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Sulawesi; rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE894DC0",null,null,"Mahavu Volcano, 1100 met., Minahassa, Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=12","Scolopax celebensis heinrichi"],["4063","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Scolopax celebensis celebensis","Riley, 1921","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Sulawesi; rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F47B0D67",null,null,"Rano Rano, Celebes.","Four new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/77/mode/1up","Scolopax celebensis"],["4064","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.119",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gallinago aucklandica [Gray, GR, 1845]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/131/mode/1up","Coenocorypha"],["4065","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha iredalei","Rothschild, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.63","South Island Snipe","South Island Snipe","South Island Snipe",null,null,"formerly South and Stewart islands (subfossils only); historically known only from islands off Stewart Island (New Zealand); apparently extinct, last recorded 1964","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727515","soisni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soisni1","avibase-8DE52990",null,null,"Jack Lees Island, New Zealand.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Snipe from New Zealand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/93/mode/1up","Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei"],["4066","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha barrierensis","Oliver, 1955","New Zealand birds, 2nd ed. ed.2 p.275","North Island Snipe","North Island Snipe","North Island Snipe",null,null,"formerly North Island (subfossils only); historically known only from Little Barrier Island (off northeastern North Island), New Zealand; extinct, last recorded 1870","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62178398","noisni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noisni1","avibase-36D14881",null,null,"Little Barrier Island, New Zealand, captured in 1870 by Capt. F.W. Hutton",null,null,"Coenocorypha aucklandica barrierensis"],["4067","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha aucklandica","(Gray, 1845)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.13 pl.13","Subantarctic Snipe","Subantarctic Snipe","Auckland Snipe",null,null,"Antipodes Islands (southeast of Stewart Island) and Auckland and Campbell islands (south of South Island; New Zealand)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727499","subsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subsni1","avibase-02884D9E",null,null,"Auckland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/93/mode/1up","Gallinago aucklandica"],["4068","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae","Rothschild, 1927","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Antipodes Islands of Bollons, Archway, Inner Windward Islands, Antipodes Island, and Leeward Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD95A0F1",null,null,"Antipodes Island.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. VIII. [Columbae-Struthionidae].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/35/mode/1up","Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae"],["4069","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha aucklandica aucklandica","(Gray, 1845)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.13 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"predator-free Auckland Islands of Enderby, Disappointment, Adams, Rose, Ocean, and Ewing islands; now absent from main Auckland Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8A32B9E",null,null,"Auckland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/93/mode/1up","Gallinago aucklandica"],["4070","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha aucklandica perseverance","Miskelly & Baker, 2010","Notornis 56, no.3 p.113-123",null,null,null,null,null,"Campbell Islands; recolonized main Campbell Island from Jacquemart Island following predator elimination",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3BCB1B4",null,null,"Monument Harbour, Campbell Island, New Zealand.","Description of a new subspecies of Coenocorypha snipe from subantarctic Campbell Island, New Zealand","https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/description-of-a-new-subspecies-of-coenocorypha-snipe-from-subantarctic-campbell-island-new-zealand/","Coenocorypha aucklandica perseverance"],["4071","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha pusilla","(Buller, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.41","Chatham Islands Snipe","Chatham Islands Snipe","Chatham Islands Snipe",null,null,"Rangatira, Mangere, Little Mangere, and Rabbit islands, and Star Keys, Chatham Islands; originally found throughout Chatham Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693137","chisni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chisni1","avibase-168E3626",null,null,"Small rocky islet off Chatham Island.","On some New Species of New Zealand Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/63/mode/1up","Gallinago pusilla"],["4072","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Coenocorypha huegeli","(Tristram, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.9 p.47","Snares Snipe","Snares Snipe","Snares Island Snipe",null,null,"Snares Islands (Northeast, Broughton, and Alert Stack), south of New Zealand; introduced to Codfish Island, off Stewart Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727509","snisni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snisni1","avibase-90E8B13B",null,null,"Snares Islands.","An undescribed Species of Snipe from the New Zealand region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/73/mode/1up","Gallinago huegeli"],["4073","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 5 p.298,304",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Scolopax gallinago [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Scolopax gallinago Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111922#page/412/mode/1up","Gallinago"],["4074","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago imperialis","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.419","Imperial Snipe","Imperial Snipe","Imperial Snipe",null,null,"elfin forest montane bogs from Ecuador to Peru (old records Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693130","impsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/impsni1","avibase-3AA9C3BA",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description of six new Species of American Birds of the Families Tanagridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Scolopacidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/499/mode/1up","Gallinago imperialis"],["4075","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago undulata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54","Giant Snipe","Giant Snipe","Giant Snipe",null,null,"wet grassland of northern and southeastern South America from eastern Colombia through French Guiana, and disjunctly southeastern Peru and Bolivia (where very rare) through Bahia (northeastern Brazil) and southward through Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693121","giasni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giasni1","avibase-CBB7DCF0",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 895.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Scolopax undulata"],["4076","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago undulata undulata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-333B0968",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 895.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Scolopax undulata"],["4077","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago undulata gigantea","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.68, vol.5 pl.403",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E90202A1",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/507/mode/1up","Scolopax gigantea"],["4078","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago stricklandii","(Gray, 1845)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds pl.23","Fuegian Snipe","Fuegian Snipe","Fuegian Snipe",null,null,"bogs of temperate central and southern Chile and southern Argentina to Cape Horn and Isla de los Estados (east of Tierra del Fuego)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693127","fuesni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fuesni1","avibase-9890A5DC",null,null,"No locality = Hermit Island, Cape Horn.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/293/mode/1up","Scolopax stricklandii"],["4079","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago jamesoni","(Jardine & Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.660","Jameson's Snipe","Jameson's Snipe","Andean Snipe",null,null,"montane bogs from west-central Venezuela to north-central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693124","andsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andsni1","avibase-4A691A33",null,null,"High Andes of Quito, Ecuador.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/670/mode/1up","Xylocota jamesoni"],["4080","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago nemoricola","Hodgson, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.8","Wood Snipe","Wood Snipe","Wood Snipe",null,null,"breeds alpine meadows of western Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh to eastern India and south-central China; winters to lower-elevation wetlands and woodlands, rarely to Indian Peninsula and northern southeastern Asia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693082","woosni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woosni1","avibase-34ABFEB7",null,null,"Nepal.","On some Scolopacidae of Nipâl.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/20/mode/1up","Gallinago nemoricola"],["4081","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago solitaria","Hodgson, 1831","Gleanings in Science 3 p.238","Solitary Snipe","Solitary Snipe","Solitary Snipe",null,null,"breeds montane wetlands of central and eastern Palearctic from Altai and Tian Shan mountains of south-central Russia, northeastern Kazakhstan, northwestern Xinjiang, and northern Mongolia eastward to Kamchatka and northeastern China; winters montane eastern Kazakhstan to eastern Afghanistan, Himalayas, northern southeastern Asia, west-central to southeastern China, Korean Peninsula, Sakhalin and Amurland (southeastern Russia), and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693075","solsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solsni1","avibase-F6B72EAF",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210217#page/286/mode/1up","Gallinago solitaria"],["4082","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago solitaria solitaria","Hodgson, 1831","Gleanings in Science 3 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Altai and Tian Shan mountains from south-central Russia and northeastern Kazakhstan to northern Mongolia; winters to eastern Afghanistan, Himalayas, northern southeastern Asia, and west-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4912FA51",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210217#page/286/mode/1up","Gallinago solitaria"],["4083","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago solitaria japonica","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.579",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China to Kamchatka; winters Sakhalin and northern Japan southward to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87A21A44",null,null,"Ex Scolopax solitaria Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold's Fauna Jap., = Japan.","Excursion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des ÉCHASSIERS (suite).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/591/mode/1up","Spilura solitaria japonica"],["4084","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago media","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.292","Great Snipe","Great Snipe","Great Snipe",null,null,"breeds meadows from northern Scandinavia and eastern Poland eastward to Yenisei River (western Siberia); winters wet grassland of tropical and subtropical sub-Saharan Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693093","gresni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gresni1","avibase-BCCD5840",null,null,"England, based on Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, p. 133, no. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/330/mode/1up","Scolopax Media"],["4085","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago megala","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.12 p.343","Swinhoe's Snipe","Swinhoe's Snipe","Swinhoe's Snipe",null,null,"breeds wooded wetlands of south-central Siberia and northeastern Kazakhstan eastward to Amurland (southeastern Russia); winters wetland edge from east-central China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malayan Peninsula eastward through New Guinea, Melanesia, and Micronesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693090","swisni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swisni1","avibase-9E66B47A",null,null,"Between Takoo and -^^ Peking, China.","Notes on Ornithology taken between Takoo and Peking, in the neighbourhood of the Peiho River, Province of Chelee, North China, from August to December, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/387/mode/1up","Gallinago megala"],["4086","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago stenura","(Bonaparte, 1831)","Annali di Storia Naturale 4 p.335","Pin-tailed Snipe","Pin-tailed Snipe","Pin-tailed Snipe",null,null,"breeds low Arctic tundra to temperate montane meadows from northwestern Siberia and northeastern Kazakhstan eastward to Sea of Okhotsk (eastern Siberia); winters inland wetlands from southern Arabian Peninsula eastward through southern Asia to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) and southward to Taiwan and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693085","pitsni","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitsni","avibase-EE61E2CA",null,null,"Sunda Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36618#page/351/mode/1up","Scolopax stenura"],["4087","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago hardwickii","(Gray, 1831)","The zoological miscellany 1 p.16","Latham's Snipe","Latham's Snipe","Latham's Snipe",null,null,"breeds meadows and fields of eastern Amurland and southern Sakhalin (southeastern Russia) southward through Kyushu (Japan); winters freshwater wetlands of eastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693078","latsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latsni1","avibase-C9B4E3D5",null,null,"Tasmania.","Description of a new species of Snipe discovered by Charles Hardwicke, Esq., in Van Dieman's Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/28/mode/1up","Scolopax Hardwickii"],["4088","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago macrodactyla","Bonaparte, 1839","Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati 1, fasc. 25 p.3 textpl.43","Madagascar Snipe","Madagascar Snipe","Madagascar Snipe",null,null,"marshes of eastern and central massif of Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693107","madsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madsni1","avibase-11B37CB0",null,null,"No locality = Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180238#page/355/mode/1up","Gallinago macrodactyla"],["4089","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago nigripennis","Bonaparte, 1839","Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati 1, fasc. 25 p.4 textpl.43","African Snipe","African Snipe","African Snipe",null,null,"subtropical to tropical wetlands of Africa from Eritrea southward through eastern Africa and Angola southward through South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693102","afrsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrsni1","avibase-831FC147",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180238#page/356/mode/1up","Gallinago nigripennis"],["4090","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago nigripennis aequatorialis","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.123,126",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FBF6AF2",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/137/mode/1up","Gallinago aequatorialis"],["4091","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago nigripennis angolensis","Bocage, 1868","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.5 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and Namibia to Zambia and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6764EFE5",null,null,"Biballa, Mossamedes [=Moçâmedes], Angola",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/57/mode/1up","Gallinago angolensis"],["4092","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago nigripennis nigripennis","Bonaparte, 1839","Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati 1, fasc. 25 p.4 textpl.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F95A9A75",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180238#page/356/mode/1up","Gallinago nigripennis"],["4093","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago delicata","(Ord, 1825)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: illustrated with plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature by Alexander Wilson 9 p.218","Wilson's Snipe","Wilson's Snipe","Wilson's Snipe",null,null,"breeds central Aleutians to eastern Canada and northern tier of continental USA; winters south of breeding range to northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729867","wilsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilsni1","avibase-F5C8516D",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/227703#page/220/mode/1up","Scolopax delicata"],["4094","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago gallinago","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.147","Common Snipe","Common Snipe","Common Snipe",null,null,"breeds low Arctic to temperate wetlands of Palearctic from Iceland to British Isles, Scandinavia, France, and Azores eastward through northern Russia to central Chukchi Peninsula, Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, and Commander Islands (southeastern Russia); in south to northern Kazakhstan, eastern Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan, Kashmir (northwestern Himalayas), northern Mongolia, and northeastern China; winters temperate to tropical wetlands mainly north of Equator from British Isles to southern Europe, Atlantic islands, northern Africa, west-central to east-central Africa, Middle East, central to southern Asia, eastern China, Taiwan, Korean Peninsula, central and southern Japan, Philippines, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693097","comsni","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comsni","avibase-9151E0BA",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/166/mode/1up","Scolopax Gallinago"],["4095","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago gallinago faeroeensis","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.617",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland, Faroe, Orkney, and Shetland islands; winters in British Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15EC3171",null,null,"Faroes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/649/mode/1up","Telmatias Faeroeensis"],["4096","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago gallinago gallinago","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Kamchatka and western Aleutians, and southward in western Himalayas; winters from western Europe to equatorial Africa eastward to southern Japan, Philippines, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45DC0FEC",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/166/mode/1up","Scolopax Gallinago"],["4097","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago nobilis","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.31","Noble Snipe","Noble Snipe","Noble Snipe",null,null,"montane wet grassland far western Venezuela to far northern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693118","nobsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nobsni1","avibase-0A79923B",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/65/mode/1up","Gallinago nobilis"],["4098","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago andina","Taczanowski, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.561.","Puna Snipe","Puna Snipe","Puna Snipe",null,null,"montane wet grassland of western South America from Peru to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693115","punsni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punsni1","avibase-F9BBBC1F",null,null,"Lake Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/719/mode/1up","Gallinago andina"],["4099","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago andina andina","Taczanowski, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.561.",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (and possibly far southern Ecuador), northern Chile (Tarapacá), Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (southward to Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDFB8FD3",null,null,"Lake Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/719/mode/1up","Gallinago andina"],["4100","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago andina innotata","(Hellmayr, 1932)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 19 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Chile (Antofagasta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76696F1",null,null,"Río Loa, Antofagasta, Chile.","The Birds of Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20866#page/397/mode/1up","Capella paraguaiae innotata"],["4101","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago paraguaiae","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.356","Pantanal Snipe","Pantanal Snipe","South American Snipe",null,null,"wetlands from central Colombia and Trinidad through the Guianas southward to northern Argentina and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216557760","soasni2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soasni2","avibase-8E841A61",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 387.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/378/mode/1up","Scolopax Paraguaiae"],["4102","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Gallinago magellanica","(King, 1828)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.93","Magellanic Snipe","Magellanic Snipe","Magellanic Snipe",null,null,"breeds from central Chile and central Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands; southernmost populations are migratory, nonbreeding distribution unclear but reaches Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216558493","soasni3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soasni3","avibase-3B942738",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.","X. Extracts from a Letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [Concluded from Vol. III. p. 432.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/105/mode/1up","Scolopax Magellanicus"],["4103","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Xenus","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.115 dSM",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scolopax cinerea [Güldenstädt, 1775]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/143/mode/1up","Xenus"],["4104","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Xenus cinereus","(Güldenstädt, 1775)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.473, pl.19","Terek Sandpiper","Terek Sandpiper","Terek Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds low Arctic tundra and taiga from Finland and Ukraine eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula and southward to western Amurland (eastern Russia); winters mainly coastal mudflats and estuaries from eastern Africa eastward to Taiwan and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693251","tersan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tersan","avibase-6D5992EE",null,null,"Shores of the Caspian Sea about the mouth of the Terek River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113774#page/559/mode/1up","Scolopax cinerea"],["4105","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Actitis","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.262 dSM",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tringa hypoleucos [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 88).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/286/mode/1up","Actitis"],["4106","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Actitis hypoleucos","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149","Common Sandpiper","Common Sandpiper","Common Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds inland waterbody margins from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula (northeastern Russia), in south from Iberian Peninsula across Caucasus to Kashmir (northwestern Himalayas), northeastern China, and Japan (Hokkaido to northern Honshu); winters from southwestern Europe and Africa eastward to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Melanesia, and Micronesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693264","comsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comsan","avibase-8548B07E",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa Hypoleucos"],["4107","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Actitis macularius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.249","Spotted Sandpiper","Spotted Sandpiper","Spotted Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds inland waterbody margins from Aleutians and Alaska mainland except North Slope eastward through Canada (except far northern) to Newfoundland, and southward to southwestern and east-central USA; winters southern USA and Caribbean southward to northern Chile and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693277","sposan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sposan","avibase-0D88C072",null,null,"Europe and North America = Pennsylvania, ex reference to Edwards, pl. 277, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/253/mode/1up","Tringa macularia"],["4108","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Phalaropus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.50;6, p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tringa fulicaria [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Tringa fulicaria Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/92/mode/1up","Phalaropus"],["4109","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Phalaropus tricolor","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.136","Wilson's Phalarope","Wilson's Phalarope","Wilson's Phalarope","2025-0913","Taxon <em>tricolor </em>is placed in the genus <em>Phalaropus, </em>along with <em>P. lobatus</em> and <em>P. fulicarius,</em> based on strong support for monophyly of this group from mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Gibson &amp; Baker 2012). However, <em>tricolor</em> is sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Steganopus </em>based on obvious differences in morphology and ecology.","breeds inland marshes of western and central Canada to west-central USA; molt migration to hypersaline lakes of western Canada and USA; winters mainly saline montane lakes from Peru to Argentina; also western coast of South America from Ecuador southward, and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693472","wilpha","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilpha","avibase-667C6969",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 407.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/152/mode/1up","Steganopus tricolor"],["4110","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Phalaropus fulicarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.148","Red Phalarope","Red Phalarope","Red Phalarope",null,null,"breeds mostly high Arctic marshy tundra from southern Greenland and Iceland (local) eastward across Siberia to northern Alaska and northern Canada including southern tier of Arctic Canadian islands; winters off coasts from California to southern Chile, Atlantic USA to northern Florida, and off western Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693494","redpha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redpha1","avibase-18A19380",null,null,"Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 142.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa fulicaria"],["4111","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Phalaropus lobatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.148","Red-necked Phalarope","Red-necked Phalarope","Red-necked Phalarope",null,null,"breeds mostly low Arctic tundra from southern Greenland and Iceland eastward to Kamchatka, Kuril, and Commander islands, and Aleutians through Canada; winters off coasts of Indian Ocean from Arabian Sea eastward through Indonesian Archipelago and in Pacific to New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago and western Mexico to Peru and Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693490","renpha","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renpha","avibase-E6F3BA54",null,null,"Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 143.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa tobata"],["4112","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tringa ochropus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa"],["4113","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa ochropus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149","Green Sandpiper","Green Sandpiper","Green Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds taiga wetlands from Scandinavia and Germany eastward to Sakha Republic (northeastern Siberia), southward through central Asia and northeastern China; winters wetlands from British Isles southward through Africa and eastward to central and southern Japan through Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693243","grnsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnsan","avibase-A7B17EFC",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa Ocrophus"],["4114","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa solitaria","Wilson, 1813","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 7 p.53 pl.58 fig.3","Solitary Sandpiper","Solitary Sandpiper","Solitary Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds subarctic to temperate zone taiga muskeg from Alaska mainland (except far north) to southwestern Canada, eastward to Hudson and James bays and north of Great Lakes to eastern Quebec (at least); winters inland subtropical to tropical small wetlands from west-central Mexico, southern Texas, and the Caribbean to central Peru and north-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693239","solsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solsan","avibase-D4A73324",null,null,"Pocono Mountain, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175507#page/65/mode/1up","Tringa solitaria"],["4115","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa solitaria cinnamomea","(Brewster, 1890)","The Auk 7, no.4 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska and western Canada; winters northern South America to Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A139367",null,null,"San Jose del Cabo, Lower California.","A new subspecies of the Solitary Sandpiper.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss4/15/","Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus"],["4116","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa solitaria solitaria","Wilson, 1813","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 7 p.53 pl.58 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern British Columbia to Labrador; winters Caribbean, Central and South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCCEC057",null,null,"Pocono Mountain, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175507#page/65/mode/1up","Tringa solitaria"],["4117","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa incana","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.658 dSM","Wandering Tattler","Wandering Tattler","Wandering Tattler",null,null,"breeds montane tundra from Chukotka (northeastern Siberia) through Alaskan mainland (except far north) to northwestern Canada; winters mainly rocky Pacific coasts from eastern Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, isolated eastern Pacific islands, and southwestern Canada to Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693305","wantat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wantat1","avibase-13854B6E",null,null,"Eimeo [= Moorea of the Society Group] and Palmerston Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/159/mode/1up","Scolopax incana"],["4118","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa brevipes","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 6 p.410","Grey-tailed Tattler","Gray-tailed Tattler","Grey-tailed Tattler",null,null,"breeds montane tundra of Krasnoyarsk (west-central Siberia) and Yana River eastward to Kamchatka (eastern Siberia); winters muddy to sandy Pacific coasts from southern Japan (southern Ryukyu Islands), Malayan Peninsula eastward through Micronesia and western Polynesia and southward to northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693289","gyttat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyttat1","avibase-29256A38",null,null,"No locality given; the type is from Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60102#page/434/mode/1up","Totanus brevipes"],["4119","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa stagnatilis","(Bechstein, 1803)","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 2 p.292, pl.29","Marsh Sandpiper","Marsh Sandpiper","Marsh Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds freshwater marshes from eastern Poland and Baltic states eastward through southern Russia and northern Kazakhstan to Amurland and northeastern China; winters wetlands from Africa eastward through southern Asia to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands) and Mariana Islands, and southward to Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693216","marsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marsan","avibase-15CF9352",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/334/mode/1up","Totanus stagnatilis"],["4120","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa glareola","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149","Wood Sandpiper","Wood Sandpiper","Wood Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds wooded wetlands from Scotland and Scandinavia eastward through inland northern Russia to eastern Siberia and northeastern China, in south through northern Mongolia to Commander Islands (southeastern Russia); winters small wetlands from Africa eastward to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands) and southward to Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693247","woosan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woosan","avibase-8E67DC5F",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa Glareola"],["4121","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa totanus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145","Common Redshank","Common Redshank","Common Redshank",null,null,"breeds subarctic to temperate coastal and inland marshes and meadows from Iceland to northern Scandinavia and southward to Iberian Peninsula and coastal Tunisia, in north from Baltics, southwestern Russia, Kazakhstan, and northern Mongolia eastward to Amurland (southeastern Russia), southward through northern Middle East, most of central Asia, Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau, and eastward to northeastern China and far northern Japan (eastern Hokkaido); winters temperate to tropical inland and coastal wetlands from southern British Isles, Africa (except southern), Middle East, southern Asia to eastern China, Philippines, Taiwan, and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), and Indonesian Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693211","comred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comred1","avibase-D6BFC73A",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax Totanus"],["4122","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa totanus robusta","(Schiøler, 1919)","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 13 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland, Faroe Islands, and Scotland; winters British Isles and western Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FD7FBCB",null,null,"Iceland.","Om den islandske Rødben (Totanus calidris robustus). (The Icelandic Redshank in relation to the Danish and Scandinavian).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35426#page/221/mode/1up","Totanus calidris robustus"],["4123","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa totanus totanus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia to Iberia; winters to Africa, India, and Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B28F8638",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax Totanus"],["4124","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa totanus ussuriensis","Buturlin, 1934","Polnyi Opredelitel Ptits S.S.S.R. 1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Siberia and Mongolia eastward to eastern Russia; winters to Africa and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EEE1DB5",null,null,"Sakhalin [Russia] (fide F. Rheindt)","Polyni Opredelitel","https://books.google.ca/books?redir_esc=y&id=r0dEAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ussuriensis+88","Tringa totanus ussuriensis"],["4125","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa totanus terrignotae","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Heilongjiang (far northeastern China); winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8AB058F",null,null,"Koko Nor.","Descriptions of six new races of birds from India and the Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/123/mode/1up","Tringa totanus terrignotae"],["4126","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa totanus craggi","Hale, 1971","Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 50 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern China (northwestern Xinjiang); winter grounds unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD39000D",null,null,"East of Oasis of Tcha Tcheu, northwest China (Sinkiang), 41 N, 94 E","A revision of the taxonomy of the Redshank Tringa totanus.",null,"Tringa totanus craggi"],["4127","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa totanus eurhina","(Oberholser, 1900)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1195 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan to northern Himalayas across northernmost India and Tibet; winters to southern India and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ABEFEA3",null,null,"Tso Moriri Lake, 15000 ft., Ladak [=Ladakh, India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/257/mode/1up","Totanus totanus eurhinus"],["4128","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa flavipes","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.659","Lesser Yellowlegs","Lesser Yellowlegs","Lesser Yellowlegs",null,null,"breeds subarctic tundra to forest from Alaska mainland eastward to James Bay and probably central Quebec (east-central Canada); winters southern USA throughout Caribbean southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693235","lesyel","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesyel","avibase-2C7A2673",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/160/mode/1up","Scolopax flavipes"],["4129","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa erythropus","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.6 no.306","Spotted Redshank","Spotted Redshank","Spotted Redshank",null,null,"breeds wooded tundra from Scandinavia eastward through inland Russia to Chukotskiy Peninsula (northeastern Siberia); winters wetlands from southern British Isles and tropical Africa eastward through southern Asia and southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands) to southeastern China and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693207","spored","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spored","avibase-0895DD84",null,null,"Holland.",null,null,"Scolopax erythropus"],["4130","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa nebularia","(Gunnerus, 1767)","Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper, deres Tungemaal, Levemaade og forrige Afgudsdyrkelse, oplyst ved mange Kaabberstykker p.251","Common Greenshank","Common Greenshank","Common Greenshank",null,null,"breeds taiga wetlands from Scotland and Scandinavia eastward through temperate Russia to far eastern Russia; winters from southern Europe and Africa eastward through southern Asia to central Japan and southward to Australia and western Micronesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693220","comgre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comgre","avibase-18B415D2",null,null,"District of Trondhjem, Norway.",null,null,"Scolopax nebularia"],["4131","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa melanoleuca","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.659","Greater Yellowlegs","Greater Yellowlegs","Greater Yellowlegs",null,null,"breeds taiga muskeg from southern Alaska eastward through southern tier of Canadian provinces to eastern Labrador (eastern Canada); winters wetlands of southern USA and throughout Caribbean southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693231","greyel","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greyel","avibase-6EB81C98",null,null,"Sandy shores of Labrador = Chateau Bay, Labrador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/160/mode/1up","Scolopax melanoleuca"],["4132","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa guttifer","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.17","Nordmann's Greenshank","Nordmann's Greenshank","Spotted Greenshank",null,null,"breeds coastal larch forest of western and southern coastal Sea of Okhotsk, Tatar Strait (west of Sakhalin), and Sakhalin (eastern Siberia); winters coastal mudflats and saltpans of southeastern Bangladesh, southern Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and southwestern Borneo",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693225","norgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norgre1","avibase-C7E9D357",null,null,"Okhotsk.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false","Totanus guttifer"],["4133","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa semipalmata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.659","Saltmarsh Willet","Saltmarsh Willet",null,"2026-067","Tringa inornata is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>T. semipalmata</em> based primarily on differences in morphology, vocalizations, and habitat. <em>T. inornata</em> is larger and breeds mostly in inland marshes and prairies whereas <em>T. semipalmata</em> breeds in coastal saltmarsh habitat. Their courtship songs are distinct (Sordahl 1979; Lowther et al. 2020), and playback response of <em>T. semipalmata</em> to <em>T. inornata</em> is limited (Douglas 1998). Mitochondrial DNA divergence is low. Genome-wide DNA data show a separation into two clades, but future analyses are needed to assess the level of gene flow—if any—between the two taxa (Oswald et al. 2016).","breeds in coastal saltmarshes of coastal Newfoundland (southeastern Canada) to Florida southward to Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico), also Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and scattered islands elsewhere in Caribbean including Los Roques (north of Venezuela); rarely migrates inland; winters coastally from New Jersey through Caribbean southward to northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,"willet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/willet2","avibase-6D372C9F",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/160/mode/1up","Scolopax semipalmata"],["4134","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Tringa inornata","(Brewster, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.2 p.145","Prairie Willet","Prairie Willet",null,"2026-067","Tringa inornata is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>T. semipalmata</em> based primarily on differences in morphology, vocalizations, and habitat. <em>T. inornata</em> is larger and breeds mostly in inland marshes and prairies whereas <em>T. semipalmata</em> breeds in coastal saltmarsh habitat. Their courtship songs are distinct (Sordahl 1979; Lowther et al. 2020), and playback response of <em>T. semipalmata</em> to <em>T. inornata</em> is limited (Douglas 1998). Mitochondrial DNA divergence is low. Genome-wide DNA data show a separation into two clades, but future analyses are needed to assess the level of gene flow—if any—between the two taxa (Oswald et al. 2016).","breeds in prairies wetlands of inland central Alberta eastward to southwestern Manitoba (south-central Canada), southward to northeastern California and northern Nebraska; frequently migrates inland; winters coastally northern California to central Chile",null,null,null,"willet3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/willet3","avibase-750C014A",null,null,"Larimer County, Colorado.","Three New Forms of North American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss2/12/","Symphemia semipalmata inornata"],["4135","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Prosobonia","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31, no.17 p.562",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tringa leucoptera [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/572/mode/1up","Prosobonia"],["4136","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Prosobonia cancellata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.675","Kiritimati Sandpiper","Kiritimati Sandpiper","Christmas Sandpiper",null,null,"formerly Kiritimati (Christmas) Island (Line Islands); extinct, not reported since discovery in 1778","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62289108","kirsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kirsan1","avibase-F51DBA0D",null,null,"Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, Barred Phalarope, p. 274.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/176/mode/1up","Tringa cancellata"],["4137","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Prosobonia parvirostris","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.235","Tuamotu Sandpiper","Tuamotu Sandpiper","Tuamotu Sandpiper",null,null,"remote uninhabited atolls of the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), with known breeding on islands of Tenararo, Morane, Reitoru, Tahanea, and Raraka",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62289271","tuasan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tuasan1","avibase-40EB31D0",null,null,"Dog [or Honden] and Raraka Islands, Paumotu Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/255/mode/1up","Tringa parvirostris"],["4138","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Prosobonia leucoptera","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.678","Tahiti Sandpiper","Tahiti Sandpiper","Tahiti Sandpiper",null,null,"formerly Tahiti (Windward Society Islands); extinct, not reported since discovery in 1773","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693330","whwsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwsan1","avibase-750808C3",null,null,"Islands of Tahiti and Eimeo, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, White-winged Sandpiper, p. 172, pl. 82.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/179/mode/1up","Tringa leucoptera"],["4139","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Prosobonia ellisi","Sharpe, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.86","Moorea Sandpiper","Moorea Sandpiper","Moorea Sandpiper",null,null,"formerly Moorea (Windward Society Islands); extinct, not reported since discovery in 1777","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728772","moosan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moosan1","avibase-F1D2DE72",null,null,"Eimeo Island.","On some ancient bird-drawings in the British Museum, one species receiving a new name.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/112/mode/1up","Prosobonia ellisi"],["4140","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Arenaria","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.132",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tringa interpres [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Tringa interpres Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Arenaria"],["4141","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Arenaria melanocephala","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.356","Black Turnstone","Black Turnstone","Black Turnstone",null,null,"breeds coastal and inland waterbodies of western Alaska; winters rocky coastal southeastern Alaska to southern Baja California, Gulf of California, and Sonora (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693341","blktur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blktur","avibase-0413ED30",null,null,"Northwest coast of North America.","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/368/mode/1up","Strepsilas melanocephalus"],["4142","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Arenaria interpres","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.148","Ruddy Turnstone","Ruddy Turnstone","Ruddy Turnstone",null,null,"breeds high and low Arctic tundra of coastal Holarctic; winters temperate to tropical coasts worldwide, including oceanic islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693336","rudtur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudtur","avibase-DC3050A9",null,null,"Europe and North America, restricted type locality, Gotland, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa Interpres"],["4143","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Arenaria interpres interpres","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal tundra of northern Greenland, northern Scandinavia, Baltic states, White Sea, southern Novaya Zemlya and New Siberian Islands eastward to northeastern Siberia and western Alaska, also Ellesmere Island (northeastern Canada); winters coastal western and southern Europe and Africa eastward through southern and eastern Asia to eastern Polynesia, also western USA and western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A03F8F8",null,null,"Europe and North America, restricted type locality, Gotland, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa Interpres"],["4144","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Arenaria interpres morinella","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Alaska and Arctic Canada; winters coastal southeastern USA to central Chile and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E4A2D7A",null,null,"Sea coast of North America; Europe; restricted type locality, coast of Georgia, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/253/mode/1up","Tringa Morinella"],["4145","genus","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris","Merrem, 1804","Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung 2 no.168 col.542",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tringa calidris [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by tautonymy = Tringa canutus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,null,"Calidris"],["4146","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris canutus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149","Red Knot","Red Knot","Red Knot",null,null,"breeds patchily in high Arctic (mainly) tundra of Holarctic from northwestern and eastern Greenland, north-central Siberia, islands north of north-central and northeastern Siberia, and northern Chukotskiy Peninsula (northeastern Siberia); winters coasts worldwide from temperate zone to tropics; in Indian Ocean mainly western Australia, and in Pacific in New Zealand but rare on other remote islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693363","redkno","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redkno","avibase-B5CE8FAD",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa Canutus"],["4147","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris canutus canutus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Taymyr Peninsula (north-central Siberia); winters to western and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-360A5C0D",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa Canutus"],["4148","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris canutus piersmai","Tomkovich, 2001","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 121 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds New Siberian Archipelago (north-central Siberia); winters to northwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50562C39",null,null,"Bolshoy Lyakhovsky island, New Siberian archipelago [Russia]","A new subspecies of Red Knot Calidris canutus from the New Siberian islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123890#page/279/mode/1up","Calidris canutus piersmai"],["4149","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris canutus rogersi","(Mathews, 1913)","The birds of Australia 3 p.270,273 pl.163",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Chukotskiy Peninsula (eastern Siberia); winters Australasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A12AF1E",null,null,"Shanghai, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223887#page/370/mode/1up","Canutus canutus rogersi"],["4150","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris canutus roselaari","Tomkovich, 1990","Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii 95 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Wrangel Island (northeastern Siberia) and northwestern Alaska; winters Pacific coasts of North and Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36C36B20",null,null,"Isla Wrangel, Rusia","Analysis of geographical variability in Knot Calidris canutus (L.).",null,"Calidris canutus roselaari"],["4151","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris canutus rufa","(Wilson, 1813)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 7 p.43 pl.57 fig.5",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Arctic islands of north-central Canada; winters to southern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-389956BF",null,null,"Middle Atlantic States, i.e. New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175507#page/53/mode/1up","Tringa rufa"],["4152","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris canutus islandica","(Linnaeus, 1767)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 2] p.[247] see addenda",null,null,null,null,null,"Canadian high Arctic and northern Greenland; winters in western Europe and Mediterranean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3E3DD75",null,null,"Islandia (=Iceland)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10326#page/834/mode/1up","Tringa islandica"],["4153","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris virgata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.674","Surfbird","Surfbird","Surfbird",null,null,"breeds montane tundra of Alaska mainland (except far northern) and Yukon (northwestern Canada); winters rocky coasts from southeastern Alaska to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693356","surfbi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/surfbi","avibase-11CF8C9A",null,null,"Prince William Sound, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83107#page/179/mode/1up","Tringa virgata"],["4154","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris tenuirostris","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.192","Great Knot","Great Knot","Great Knot",null,null,"breeds montane tundra of northeastern Siberia from Yakutsk eastward to Anadyr Peninsula; winters coasts from northeastern Arabian Peninsula eastward to Taiwan, Philippines, and Australia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693359","grekno","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grekno","avibase-09C51FA9",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/211/mode/1up","Totanus tenuirostris"],["4155","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris pugnax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.148","Ruff","Ruff","Ruff",null,null,"breeds tundra and steppe of northwestern Europe from Scandinavia southward to northern Ukraine and eastward to far eastern Siberia; winters from central Europe southward through Africa, eastward through southern Asia to central Japan southward to Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693468","ruff","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruff","avibase-2DABF98F",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa Pugnax"],["4156","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris acuminata","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.192","Sharp-tailed Sandpiper","Sharp-tailed Sandpiper","Sharp-tailed Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds low Arctic tundra from Lena to Kolyma rivers (northeastern Siberia); winters from Wallacea eastward through Australasia; prone to extreme vagrancy",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693414","shtsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtsan","avibase-A0A67A81",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/211/mode/1up","Totanus acuminatus"],["4157","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris falcinellus","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.623","Broad-billed Sandpiper","Broad-billed Sandpiper","Broad-billed Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds patchily in low Arctic to subarctic tundra bogs of northern Palearctic from Scandinavia to Kanin Peninsula (northwestern Russia); Taimyr Peninsula (northwestern Siberia) and Lena to Kolyma rivers (northeastern Siberia); winters Paleotropical coasts from eastern Africa, Red Sea, and Persian Gulf through southeastern Asia, Indonesian Archipelago, southern New Guinea, and Australia (except south and Tasmania)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693464","brbsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbsan","avibase-0A14882F",null,null,"No locality = Siaelandia ex Orn. Boreal., p. 49.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B727%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Scolopax Falcinellus"],["4158","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris falcinellus falcinellus","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.623",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia and northwestern Russia (Kanin Peninsula); winters coastal eastern Africa eastward to southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6099948",null,null,"No locality = Siaelandia ex Orn. Boreal., p. 49.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B727%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Scolopax Falcinellus"],["4159","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris falcinellus sibirica","(Dresser, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.674",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Taymyr Peninsula (northwestern Siberia) and Lena to Kolyma rivers (northeastern Siberia); winters coastal northeastern India eastward to Australasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4E0E9B1",null,null,"Siberia and China.","On a new Species of Broadbilled Sandpiper.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/820/mode/1up","Limicola sibirica"],["4160","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris ferruginea","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.624","Curlew Sandpiper","Curlew Sandpiper","Curlew Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds drier tundra from Yamal Peninsula to northwestern Chukotskiy Peninsula (northwestern to northeastern Siberia), including New Siberian Islands; winters southern Europe and Africa eastward through southern Asia to Taiwan and Philippines and southward to Melanesia; prone to extreme vagrancy",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693431","cursan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cursan","avibase-143A681C",null,null,"unknown",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B728%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Tringa Ferrugineus"],["4161","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris himantopus","(Bonaparte, 1826)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.157","Stilt Sandpiper","Stilt Sandpiper","Stilt Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds tundra to taiga edge of North Slope of Alaska eastward to north-central Canada; winters Mexico and throughout the Caribbean; in Central America mainly along Pacific coast; coastal South America to Peru and northern Brazil, and in pampas of north-central Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693437","stisan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stisan","avibase-ECDE73F2",null,null,"Long Branch, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54039#page/167/mode/1up","Tringa himantopus"],["4162","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris pygmaea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.140","Spoon-billed Sandpiper","Spoon-billed Sandpiper","Spoon-billed Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds coastal tundra of eastern Chukotskiy Peninsula to northern Kamchatka (northeastern Russia); winters coastal mudflats from Taiwan and east-central China to Bangladesh; mainly Thailand, Myanmar, and Bangladesh; rare and local",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693452","spbsan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbsan1","avibase-3FC8CA50",null,null,"Surinam, error = eastern Asia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/159/mode/1up","Platalea pygmea"],["4163","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris ruficollis","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.700","Red-necked Stint","Red-necked Stint","Red-necked Stint",null,null,"breeds coastal tundra of Taymyr Peninsula eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula and northern Kamchatka Peninsula (north-central to north-eastern Siberia); winters coastal northeastern India and Sri Lanka eastward to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Philippines, Australasia, and Melanesia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693383","rensti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rensti","avibase-BBDF2F1B",null,null,"'Circa lacus salsos Dauriae campestris' = Kulussutai, southern Transbaikalia, fide Ridgway, antea, p. 292.",null,null,"Trynga ruficollis"],["4164","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris temminckii","(Leisler, 1812)","Nachträge zu Bechsteins Naturgeschichte Deutschlands pt1 p.64","Temminck's Stint","Temminck's Stint","Temminck's Stint",null,null,"breeds tundra of Scandinavia eastward through northern Russia to Chukotskiy Peninsula (northeastern Russia), including New Siberian Islands; winters southeastern Europe southward to central Africa and eastward to central and southern Japan and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693388","temsti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temsti","avibase-5ACF7FB3",null,null,"Hanau am Main, Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202450#page/88/mode/1up","Tringa Temminckii"],["4165","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris subminuta","(Middendorff, 1853)","Reise in den äuβersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt 2 pt2 p.222 pl.19 fig.6","Long-toed Stint","Long-toed Stint","Long-toed Stint",null,null,"breeds subarctic to temperate bogs of disjunctly in Chukotskiy Peninsula, northern Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia) and (perhaps) northern Mongolia; winters eastern India and Sri Lanka eastward through southern Asia to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands) and southward to southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693392","lotsti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotsti","avibase-7D629288",null,null,"Western slopes of the Stanovoi Mountains and mouth of the Uda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114021#page/232/mode/1up","Tringa subminuta"],["4166","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris subruficollis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.465","Buff-breasted Sandpiper","Buff-breasted Sandpiper","Buff-breasted Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds high Arctic dry coastal tundra from Wrangel Island (northeastern Siberia) eastward through Alaskan North Slope to northeastern Canada, including Arctic islands from Banks to Devon; migrates to grassland of southeastern Brazil and Uruguay to central Argentina; prone to extreme vagrancy worldwide",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693447","bubsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubsan","avibase-3A3C62BC",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 320.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/489/mode/1up","Tringa subruficollis"],["4167","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alba","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.7 no.320","Sanderling","Sanderling","Sanderling",null,null,"breeds high Arctic tundra wetlands of Holarctic from northwestern and southeastern Greenland, Svalbard (north of Norway), north Taymyr Peninsula and Severnaya Zemlya (to the north), Lena Delta, and New Siberian Islands (north-central Siberia), Alaskan North Slope (rare), Canadian Arctic islands from Banks to Ellesmere and south to Southampton; winters sandy coastal beaches worldwide from temperate to tropical zone, in Old World from the British Isles and Atlantic islands through Africa, Malagasy region, Middle East, southern Asia through Indonesian Archipelago to Australia, Melanesia, Philippines, and southern and central Japan (but rare New Guinea and New Zealand); in New World, southwestern and southeastern Canada and Caribbean southward to Tierra del Fuego, and including remote islands of eastern Polynesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693369","sander","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sander","avibase-06B9BD24",null,null,"Coast of the North Sea.",null,null,"Trynga alba"],["4168","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alba alba","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.7 no.320",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds far northern Canada (Ellesmere Island), Greenland, and Svalbard eastward at least to Severnaya Zemlya Islands and the Taymyr Peninsula; winters on coasts of western and southern Europe, Africa, and southern Asia eastward to Australasia and some tropical Pacific islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2191BD0F",null,null,"Coast of the North Sea.",null,null,"Trynga alba"],["4169","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alba rubida","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.688",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in northern Alaska and northern Canada (except Ellesmere Island) (populations in eastern Siberia in the Lena Delta and the New Siberian Islands possibly also this subspecies); winters coasts of North and South America (northward to southern British Columbia and southern Maine)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2738FAC4",null,null,"In sinu hudsonis [= Hudson Bay]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/189/mode/1up","Charadrius rubidus"],["4170","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149","Dunlin","Dunlin","Dunlin",null,null,"breeds low (locally high) Arctic to temperate wet tundra of Holarctic, from southwestern and northeastern Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, northern British Isles, Scandinavia, Baltic region east through northern Russia including Novaya Zemlya (north of northwestern Siberia) and New Siberian Islands (north of east-central Russia), through Chukotskiy Peninsula, western Kamchatka, northern Kurile and northern Sakhalin islands (eastern Russia); Aleutians, western and northern Alaska and northwestern Canada, and north-central Canada north and west of Hudson Bay; winters coastal and inland wetlands from temperate to tropical zones mainly north of Equator, from British Isles, western Europe, Mediterranean, northern and north-central Africa, Middle East, and northern plains of India to northern Vietnam and eastern China, Taiwan, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands); southwestern Canada and New England to west-central Mexico and Yucatan Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693427","dunlin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dunlin","avibase-15369E8E",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa alpina"],["4171","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina arctica","(Schiøler, 1922)","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 16 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Greenland; winters mainly northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E952EA52",null,null,"East coast of Greenland.","Nogle Tilføgelser og Bemaerkninger til Listen over Danmarks Fugle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35236#page/29/mode/1up","Erolia alpina arctica"],["4172","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina schinzii","(Brehm & Schilling, 1822)","Beiträge zur Vögelkunde in vollständigen Beschreibungen mehrerer neu Entdeckter und vieler seltener, oder nicht gehörig beobachteter deutscher Vögel 3 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Greenland and Iceland to southern Scandinavia and Baltic states; winters to northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3D21BA1",null,null,"German shores of the Baltic Sea and Rügen",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103566#page/369/mode/1up","Tringa Schinzii"],["4173","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina alpina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Scandinavia to north-central Russia; winters to Mediterranean and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D95B18A6",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/168/mode/1up","Tringa alpina"],["4174","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina centralis","(Buturlin, 1932)","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 4 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central to northeastern Russia; winters to eastern Mediterranean and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3C9284D",null,null,"Yakutsk, eastern Siberia.","Sur les races du Bécasseau cincle (ou variable) et du Tétras à bec noir.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1932_T004_N003","Erolia alpina centralis"],["4175","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina sakhalina","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Russia to Chukotskiy Peninsula; winters eastern China, Japan, and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E8A21E0",null,null,"Russia = Island of Sakhalin ex Krusenstern.; neotype designated by Tomkovich 1986 as headwaters of the Kanchalan River (75 km west of Egvekinot), Chukotsky Autonomous Region",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/381/mode/1up","Scolopax sakhalina"],["4176","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina kistchinski","Tomkovich, 1986","Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii 91 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sea of Okhotsk to Kuril Islands; wintering grounds unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E6457FA",null,null,"Moroshechnaya River, western Kamchatka; range Kamchatka Peninsula, northern Kuril Islands, south- western Koryak Highlands, and the northwestern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk","Geographical variability of the Dunlin in the Far East.",null,"Calidris alpina kistchinski"],["4177","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina actites","Nechaev & Tomkovich, 1988","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 66 p.1596",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Sakhalin; wintering grounds unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77B83580",null,null,"shore of Chayvo Bay, Sakhalin Island [Russia]","[A new name for Sakhalin Dunlin (Aves, Charadriidae).]",null,"Calidris alpina actites"],["4178","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina arcticola","(Todd, 1953)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 43, no.3 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Alaska and northwestern Canada; winters eastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25E1982E",null,null,"Point Barrow, Alaska","A taxonomic study of the American dunlin (Erolia alpina subspp.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122834#page/108/mode/1up","Erolia alpina arcticola"],["4179","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina pacifica","(Coues, 1861)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Alaska; winters in western USA and western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E93BE70F",null,null,"West Coast of N. Amer.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17713#page/201/mode/1up","Pelidna pacifica"],["4180","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris alpina hudsonia","(Todd, 1953)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 43, no.3 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Canada; winters southeastern USA and eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ED6325F",null,null,"Coral Inlet, Southampton Island, Hudson Bay, Canada","A taxonomic study of the American dunlin (Erolia alpina subspp.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122834#page/109/mode/1up","Erolia alpina hudsonia"],["4181","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris maritima","(Brünnich, 1764)","Ornithologia borealis, sistens collectionem avium ex omnibus, Imperio Danico subjectis (etc.) p.54","Purple Sandpiper","Purple Sandpiper","Purple Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds montane tundra from Greenland and Iceland eastward through Arctic Europe and Russia to Taymyr Peninsula (north-central Siberia), also Banks to southern Ellesmere and Baffin islands (north-central Canada); winters rocky North Atlantic coasts from Iceland and Faroe Islands to western Europe, and Labrador and Gulf of St. Lawrence (southeastern Canada) southward to North Carolina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693420","pursan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pursan","avibase-0A0B8431",null,null,"Christiansø and Norway.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265835#page/66/mode/1up","Tringa maritima"],["4182","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris ptilocnemis","(Coues, 1873)","Report on the Prybilov group, or, Seal islands, of Alaska not paged,note","Rock Sandpiper","Rock Sandpiper","Rock Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds coastal low Arctic to subarctic tundra of far northern Pacific from eastern Chukotskiy Peninsula to (disjunctly) southern Kamchatka, Commander and (perhaps) northern Kuril islands (eastern Russia), Aleutian and Bering Sea islands, western Alaska from Seward Peninsula to Gulf of Alaska islands; winters rocky subarctic to temperate coasts to Hokkaido (northern Japan) and central California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693424","rocsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocsan","avibase-C5971E25",null,null,"St. Georges Island, Pribilof Isl. (=Seal Islands), Alaska",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100779#page/193/mode/1up","Tringa ptilocnemis"],["4183","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris ptilocnemis tschuktschorum","(Portenko, 1937)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 22 Heft2 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Chukotskiy Peninsula (eastern Siberia) to western Alaska; winters northwestern North America and eastern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50A2157C",null,null,"Uelen [Chukotka, Russia]","Einige neue Unterarten palaearktischer Vögel.",null,"Arquatella maritima tschuktschorum"],["4184","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris ptilocnemis ptilocnemis","(Coues, 1873)","Report on the Prybilov group, or, Seal islands, of Alaska not paged,note",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pribilof, St. Matthew, and Hall islands; winters Alaska Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-540DFA05",null,null,"St. Georges Island, Pribilof Isl. (=Seal Islands), Alaska",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100779#page/193/mode/1up","Tringa ptilocnemis"],["4185","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris ptilocnemis couesi","(Ridgway, 1880)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 5 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Aleutians and Alaska Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E820904",null,null,"Aleutian Islands and coast of Alaska north to St. Michael's; type claimed to be from Attu Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69164#page/180/mode/1up","Arquatella couesi"],["4186","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris ptilocnemis quarta","(Hartert, 1920)","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Kamchatka, Komandorskiye Islands, and Kuril Islands; winters southward to northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A411F8BE",null,null,"Bering Island.","The birds of the Commander Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/169/mode/1up","Erolia maritima quarta"],["4187","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris bairdii","(Coues, 1861)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13 p.194","Baird's Sandpiper","Baird's Sandpiper","Baird's Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds high Arctic dry tundra from Wrangel Island to eastern Chukotskiy Peninsula (northeastern Siberia) through northern and central Alaska, northern Canada including Arctic islands from Banks to Ellesmere and Baffin islands, and northwestern Greenland; winters in mountains and coastally from southern Peru through Chile and southern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693404","baisan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baisan","avibase-1F1AD154",null,null,"Fort Resolution. North America east of the Rocky Mountains; specimen in U. S. National Museum claimed as type is from Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, Mackenzie.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17713#page/206/mode/1up","Actodromas (Actodromas) Bairdii"],["4188","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris melanotos","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.462","Pectoral Sandpiper","Pectoral Sandpiper","Pectoral Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds wet tundra from Yamal Peninsula eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula (northwestern to eastern Siberia), including New Siberian and Wrangel islands, also western and northern Alaska eastward through northeastern Canada, including Arctic islands; winters wet grassland and wetland edge mainly to Peru, Bolivia, and southern Brazil southward to Tierra del Fuego; prone to extreme vagrancy",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693408","pecsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pecsan","avibase-ACC99F35",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 401.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/486/mode/1up","Tringa melanotos"],["4189","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris pusilla","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.252","Semipalmated Sandpiper","Semipalmated Sandpiper","Semipalmated Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds tundra from eastern Chukotskiy Peninsula (northeastern Siberia) through northern Alaska and eastward in northern Canada to northern Labrador, including southern Canadian Arctic islands from Banks to Baffin; winters coasts from Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Yucatan Peninsula (southwestern Mexico) and Caribbean to far northern Chile and northeastern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693373","semsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semsan","avibase-F35821AA",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/256/mode/1up","Tringa pusilla"],["4190","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris mauri","(Cabanis, 1857)","Journal für Ornithologie 4, no.24 p.419","Western Sandpiper","Western Sandpiper","Western Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds Chukotskiy Peninsula and Anadyr (northeastern Siberia; few), St. Lawrence Island (Bering Sea), and western and northern Alaska mainland; winters coastal Washington to Peru and Galapagos, southeastern Canada to Caribbean, and inland central Mexico to northern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693376","wessan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wessan","avibase-01060BFD",null,null,"Cuba.","Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel ; von Letzterem zusammengestellt. Mit Zusätzen und Anmerkungen vom Herausgeber. (Fortsetzung von S. 337-352.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/967/mode/1up","Ereunetes Mauri"],["4191","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris minuta","(Leisler, 1812)","Nachträge zu Bechsteins Naturgeschichte Deutschlands pt1 p.74","Little Stint","Little Stint","Little Stint",null,null,"breeds drier tundra from northern Scandinavia eastward through northern Russia to New Siberian Islands (east-central Siberia); winters mudflats and marshes from southern Europe and Africa eastward to southern Asia and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693379","litsti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litsti","avibase-9936FF4A",null,null,"Hanau am Main, Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202450#page/98/mode/1up","Tringa minuta"],["4192","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris minutilla","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.466","Least Sandpiper","Least Sandpiper","Least Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds tundra and taiga wetlands from eastern Aleutian Is through Alaska and Canada eastward to Labrador and Nova Scotia; winters mudflats and wetlands from southeastern USA, Caribbean, and Mexico southward to northern South America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693396","leasan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leasan","avibase-A47B0BD4",null,null,"'Amérique jusq'au dela du Canada': restricted type locality, Halifax, Nova Scotia, apud A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, p. 120.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/490/mode/1up","Tringa minutilla"],["4193","species","Charadriiformes","Scolopacidae","Sandpipers and allies","Calidris fuscicollis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.461","White-rumped Sandpiper","White-rumped Sandpiper","White-rumped Sandpiper",null,null,"breeds wet tundra from North Slope of Alaska eastward in coastal northern Canada to northwestern Hudson Bay, and Banks to Devon and Baffin islands (northeastern Canada); winters to wetlands of southern Chile, southeastern Brazil, northwestern to southeastern Argentina, and Falkland Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22693399","whrsan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsan","avibase-153BA306",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 404.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/485/mode/1up","Tringa fuscicollis"],["4194","family","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnicidae",null,null,"Buttonquail","Buttonquail","Buttonquails",null,null,null,null,null,null,"turnic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turnic1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4195","genus","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Ortyxelos","Vieillot, 1825","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turnix meiffrenii [Vieillot, 1819]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271542#page/168/mode/1up","Ortyxelos"],["4196","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Ortyxelos meiffrenii","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.49","Quail-plover","Quail-plover","Quail-plover",null,null,"discontinuously distributed Sahel of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680603","quailp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/quailp1","avibase-B605A049",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/57/mode/1up","Turnix Meiffrenii"],["4197","genus","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix","Bonnaterre, 1791","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.47 p.lxxxii,5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetrao gibraltaricus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 63). = Tetrao sylvaticus Desfontaines, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/90/mode/1up","Turnix"],["4198","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix tanki","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.180 bis","Yellow-legged Buttonquail","Yellow-legged Buttonquail","Yellow-legged Buttonquail",null,null,"grassland, stubble, and scrub of lowland to hills from southern and eastern Pakistan (where rare) through sub-Himalayan region to southern India, east through Qinghai and to Amurland (southeastern Russia), southward through Nicobar Islands and northern Malaysia and to southern Vietnam; some withdrawal to south of northern populations in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680539","yelbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelbut1","avibase-950909C3",null,null,"No locality = Bengal, based on drawing by Buchanan Hamilton)","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday Evening, 10th February, 1843.) Report].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/224/mode/1up","Turnix tanki"],["4199","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix tanki tanki","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.180 bis",null,null,null,null,null,"central Pakistan, sub-Himalayan India, and Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B63388E7",null,null,"No locality = Bengal, based on drawing by Buchanan Hamilton)","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday Evening, 10th February, 1843.) Report].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/224/mode/1up","Turnix tanki"],["4200","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix tanki blanfordii","Blyth, 1863","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 32, no.1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia, Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China to Myanmar and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F88D0B02",null,null,"Burma and Arakan, type from Thayetmyo.","Report of the Curator, Zoological Department (Continued from Vol. XXXI. p. 345.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115344#page/96/mode/1up","Turnix Blanfordii"],["4201","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.631,757","Red-backed Buttonquail","Red-backed Buttonquail","Red-backed Buttonquail",null,null,"grassland and scrub of lowlands to montane Sulawesi and Lesser Sundas eastward to southern and eastern New Guinea, northern and eastern Australia, and (at least formerly) New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680512","rebbut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebbut2","avibase-32878BDD",null,null,"'New Holland' = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/645/mode/1up","Hemipodius maculosus"],["4202","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus kinneari","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.91 [89-94]",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28EBF549",null,null,"Peling Island, east of Celebes","A new Species and eight new Races from Peleng and Taliaboe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/121/mode/1up","Turnix sylvatica kinneari"],["4203","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus beccarii","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.675",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Togian Islands (off east-central Sulawesi), Muna and Tomia Islands (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D49E0DE",null,null,"Kandari, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/681/mode/1up","Turnix beccarii"],["4204","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus obiensis","Sutter, 1955","Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 66 p.85-139",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi, Kai Kecil (Kai Islands), and Babar Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B551754B",null,null,"Laiwui, Obi Island [North Moluccas]","Turnix maculosa obiensis subsp. nov.",null,"Turnix maculosa obiensis"],["4205","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus sumbanus","Sutter, 1955","Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 66 p.119 [85-139]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31B574A5",null,null,"Waimangura, Westsumba [Sumba Island, Lesser Sundas, Indonesia]","Über die Mauser einiger Laufhühnchen und die Rassen von Turnix maculosa und sylvatica im indo-australischen Gebiet.",null,"Turnix maculosa sumbana"],["4206","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus floresianus","Sutter, 1955","Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 66 p.85-139",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Komodo, Padar, Flores, and Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F42AEA5",null,null,"southern side of the island of Flores, East Indies, October, 1896 by Alfred Everett","Über die Mauser einiger Laufhühnchen und die Rassen von Turnix maculosa und sylvatica im indo-australischen Gebiet.",null,"Turnix maculosa floresiana"],["4207","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus maculosus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.631,757",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Rote, Semau, Timor, Wetar, Moa, and Kisar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DD8319E",null,null,"'New Holland' = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/645/mode/1up","Hemipodius maculosus"],["4208","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus savuensis","Sutter, 1955","Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 66 p.119 [85-139]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sawu Island (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6F30182",null,null,"Savu Island, between Sumba and Timor in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, August, 1896 by Alfred Everett","Über die Mauser einiger Laufhühnchen und die Rassen von Turnix maculosa und sylvatica im indo-australischen Gebiet.",null,"Turnix maculosa savuensis"],["4209","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus saturatus","Forbes, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.23 p.428 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and Duke of York (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8C99A60",null,null,"New Britain.","On a new Species of Hemipode from New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/480/mode/1up","Turnix saturata"],["4210","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus furvus","Parkes, 1949","The Auk 66, no.1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Huon Peninsula (northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1144F64",null,null,"Gusika, 10 miles north of Finschhafen, New Guinea, one-eight mile from coast, alt. ca. 150 feet [Morobe, New Guinea]","A new Button-Quail from New Guinea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol66/iss1/35/","Turnix maculosa furva"],["4211","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus giluwensis","Sims, 1954","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 74 p.39 [37-40]",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BCD9CB5",null,null,"grasslands on the north slopes of Mount Giluwe, 6000 ft, Central Highlands, New Guinea","A New Race of Button-Quail (Turnix maculosa) from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125678#page/69/mode/1up","Turnix maculosa giluwensis"],["4212","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus horsbrughi","Ingram, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-728E4D15",null,null,"Yule Island, British New Guinea.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Hemipode from Yule Island, British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/437/mode/1up","Turnix horsbrughi"],["4213","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus mayri","Sutter, 1955","Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 66 p.85-139",null,null,null,null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E275491",null,null,"Yeina Island, 6 miles north of Tagula Island in the Louisiade Archipelago, southeast of New Guinea, February 22, 1929, by Hannibal Hamlin","Über die Mauser einiger Laufhühnchen und die Rassen von Turnix maculosa und sylvatica im Indo-Australischen Gebiet.",null,"Turnix maculosa mayri"],["4214","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus salomonis","Mayr, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.1007 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6D6CF5A",null,null,"Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 40, Notes on New Guinea birds. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3799/","Turnix maculosa salomonis"],["4215","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix maculosus melanotus","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.[11],text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region to east-central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BCBEF29",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [=Tasmania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/129/mode/1up","Hemipodius melanotus"],["4216","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.763","Barred Buttonquail","Barred Buttonquail","Barred Buttonquail",null,null,"grassland, crops, and scrub of lowlands to mountains from northeastern and southeastern Pakistan east through sub-Himalayan zone of India southward to Sri Lanka and east through southwestern to eastern China, Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), Taiwan, Philippines, through southeastern Asia and Indonesia through Sulawesi and the northern Lesser Sundas eastward to Alor",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680549","barbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barbut1","avibase-FDA8873B",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/264/mode/1up","Tetrao Suscitator"],["4217","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator plumbipes","(Hodgson, 1837)","The Bengal Sporting Magazine 9 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal, Sikkim, and Bangladesh to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FB6A0DA",null,null,"Nepal.",null,null,"Coturnix plumbipes"],["4218","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator bengalensis","Blyth, 1852","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (lower West Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DD65CC1",null,null,"Lower Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48206#page/296/mode/1up","Turnix bengalensis"],["4219","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator taigoor","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA62A96B",null,null,"Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/359/mode/1up","Hemipodius Taigoor"],["4220","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator leggei","Stuart Baker, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-711CEC85",null,null,"Cocowatta, Ceylon.","On new names and descriptions of new subspecies of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/39/mode/1up","Turnix javanica leggei"],["4221","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator okinavensis","Phillips, 1947","The Auk 64, no.1 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kyushu Island and Makenoshima Island southward to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48E98763",null,null,"Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands","The Button Quails and Tree Sparrows of the Riu Kiu Islands","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol64/iss1/18/","Turnix suscitator okinavensis"],["4222","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator rostratus","Swinhoe, 1865","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.4 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-944E79E2",null,null,"Formosa.","[Letter from Takow, Formosa, June 1, 1865.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/587/mode/1up","Turnix rostrata"],["4223","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator blakistoni","(Swinhoe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southern China, northern Indochina, and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD2B348E",null,null,"Canton, China.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/497/mode/1up","Areoturnix blakistoni"],["4224","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator pallescens","Robinson & Stuart Baker, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50B3BD8F",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Burma.","Exhibition and remarks on a series of Bustard-Quails (Turnix), with descriptions of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/98/mode/1up","Turnix suscitator pallescens"],["4225","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator thai","Deignan, 1946","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 36, no.11 p.390-391",null,null,null,null,null,"central Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05325198",null,null,"Nong (or Bung) Boraphet, central Thailand at at 15 43'N, long 100 14'E","Two new Hemipodes from southeastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/450/mode/1up","Turnix suscitator thai"],["4226","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator atrogularis","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ABE9650",null,null,"Malacca.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/637/mode/1up","Hemipodius atrogularis"],["4227","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator suscitator","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.763",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra including Belitung and Bangka, Java including Bawean, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B7FC900",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/264/mode/1up","Tetrao Suscitator"],["4228","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator powelli","Guillemard, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.3, no.33 p.511 pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5E53417",null,null,"Gunong Api Island, near Sumbawa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/601/mode/1up","Turnix powelli"],["4229","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator rufilatus","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E507EF14",null,null,"Macassar, Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/564/mode/1up","Turnix rufilatus"],["4230","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator haynaldi","Blasius, 1888","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 4 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan and Calamian Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5471E698",null,null,"Palawan, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35646#page/327/mode/1up","Turnix haynaldi"],["4231","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator fasciatus","(Temminck, 1815)","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.634,757",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon to Mindoro, Sibuyan, and Masbate)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB1CF294",null,null,"Philippine Islands, restricted to Manila by Hachisuka, antea, p. 163.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/648/mode/1up","Hemipodius fasciatus"],["4232","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix suscitator nigrescens","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.765",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Negros, Cebu, and Panay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-253F68F5",null,null,"Cebu.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/485/mode/1up","Turnix nigrescens"],["4233","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix ocellatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.88","Spotted Buttonquail","Spotted Buttonquail","Spotted Buttonquail",null,null,"grassland, brush, and crops of lowlands and mountains of Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680542","spobut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spobut2","avibase-81E773CB",null,null,"Luzon, ex Sonnerat, restricted to Manila by Hachisuka, antea, p. 162.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Oriolus ocellatus"],["4234","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix ocellatus benguetensis","Parkes, 1968","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 88 p.24 [24-25]",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B02A57C5",null,null,"Mt. Data, Benguet Subprovince, Mountain Province, Luzon, Philippines","An undescribed subspecies of button-quail from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/266/mode/1up","Turnix ocellata benguetensis"],["4235","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix ocellatus ocellatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and central Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6730F2DF",null,null,"Luzon, ex Sonnerat, restricted to Manila by Hachisuka, antea, p. 162.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Oriolus ocellatus"],["4236","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.500 pl.13","Common Buttonquail","Small Buttonquail","Common Buttonquail",null,null,"dry scrub, savanna, and burnt areas in lowlands to mountains from far southern Iberian Peninsula (at least formerly) and northern Morocco; most of sub-Saharan Africa; southwestern Arabian Peninsula; northern and southeastern Pakistan east through eastern China, southward through India and east through Vietnam; Philippines (where rare), and disjunctly Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680500","smabut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smabut2","avibase-0DA8BB90",null,null,"Near Algiers.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Tetrao sylvaticus"],["4237","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus sylvaticus","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.500 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iberian Peninsula, northern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91F461E5",null,null,"Near Algiers.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Tetrao sylvaticus"],["4238","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus lepurana","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and far southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A47FDBE2",null,null,"North of Kurrichane, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/135/mode/1up","Ortygis Lepurana"],["4239","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus dussumier","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.76, vol.5 pl.454 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Iran to India and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20840F51",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/289/mode/1up","Hemipodius Dussumier"],["4240","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus davidi","Delacour & Jabouille, 1930","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand to southern China, northern Indochina, and Taiwan (where rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FB9AD7B",null,null,"Honquan, Cochinchina.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Turnix sylvatica davidi"],["4241","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus bartelsorum","Neumann, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E64EA51",null,null,"Cheribon, Java.","Turnix sylvatica bartelsorum subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0113-0117.pdf#page=5","Turnix sylvatica bartelsorum"],["4242","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus whiteheadi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1897","A hand-book to the game-birds 2 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02B89187",null,null,"Vicinity of Manila; type from the Quinta Market in Manila. Supposed to have been captured at Paranaque, 7 km. distant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34660#page/332/mode/1up","Turnix whiteheadi"],["4243","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus celestinoi","McGregor, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Bohol and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8FFC239",null,null,"Guindulman, Bohol, Philippine Islands.","Descriptions of four new Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/406/mode/1up","Turnix celestinoi"],["4244","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus nigrorum","du Pont, 1976","Nemouria no.17 p.1-13",null,null,null,null,null,"Negros Island (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D1A5555",null,null,"Umod, Santa Catalina, Negros, Philippines","Notes on Philippine birds (N° 4). Additions and corrections to Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/274/mode/1up","Turnix sylvatica nigrorum"],["4245","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix sylvaticus suluensis","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3012A4AC",null,null,"Jolo, Island of Sulu, Sulu Archipelago.","Descriptions of eight new Philippine birds, with notes on other species new to the islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/101/mode/1up","Turnix suluensis"],["4246","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix velox","(Gould, 1841)","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.2) pl.87, with text","Little Buttonquail","Little Buttonquail","Little Buttonquail",null,null,"grassland and woodland in Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680599","litbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litbut1","avibase-640EA208",null,null,"Yarrundi, upper Hunter River, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/357/mode/1up","Hemipodius velox"],["4247","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix pyrrhothorax","(Gould, 1841)","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.2) pl.86, with text","Red-chested Buttonquail","Red-chested Buttonquail","Red-chested Buttonquail",null,null,"savanna and scrub of northern, central and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to eastern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680595","recbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recbut1","avibase-E58A7C97",null,null,"Aberdeen, upper Hunter River, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/353/mode/1up","Hemipodius pyrrhothorax"],["4248","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix worcesteri","McGregor, 1904","Bulletin of the Philippine Museum no.4 p.8 pl.1 fig.1","Luzon Buttonquail","Luzon Buttonquail","Luzon Buttonquail",null,null,"Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680588","luzbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzbut1","avibase-8517D68D",null,null,"Quinta Market, Manila, type probably from Paranaque, Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119833#page/58/mode/1up","Turnix worcesteri"],["4249","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix everetti","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.3 p.476","Sumba Buttonquail","Sumba Buttonquail","Sumba Buttonquail",null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680592","sumbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumbut1","avibase-C801E3DF",null,null,"Waingapo, Sumba Island.","Account of the birds collected in Sumba by Alfred Everett and his native hunters.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/494/mode/1up","Turnix everetti"],["4250","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix nanus","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.110","Black-rumped Buttonquail","Black-rumped Buttonquail","Black-rumped Buttonquail",null,null,"Ghana to Kenya, Uganda, and southeastern Cape Province",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725531","hotbut3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hotbut3","avibase-0874B4D5",null,null,"Caffraria inferiore,' types from Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/120/mode/1up","Hemipodius nanus"],["4251","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix hottentottus","Temminck, 1815","Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.636","Fynbos Buttonquail","Fynbos Buttonquail","Fynbos Buttonquail",null,null,"mountains of South Africa (southwestern Cape Province to Port Elizabeth)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725519","hotbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hotbut1","avibase-FE5E2530",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148605#page/650/mode/1up","Turnix hottentottus"],["4252","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix castanotus","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.145","Chestnut-backed Buttonquail","Chestnut-backed Buttonquail","Chestnut-backed Buttonquail",null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Northern Territory) and offshore islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680560","chbbut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbbut2","avibase-46184F93",null,null,"Northwest coast of Australia = Port Essington, Northern Territory, apud Mathews.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/675/mode/1up","Hemipodius castanotus"],["4253","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix olivii","Robinson, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.43","Buff-breasted Buttonquail","Buff-breasted Buttonquail","Buff-breasted Buttonquail",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland); possibly extinct, last verified record 1924","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680572","bubbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubbut1","avibase-0D9258BF",null,null,"Cooktown, Queensland.","A new Hemipode from North Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/75/mode/1up","Turnix olivii"],["4254","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix varius","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxiii","Painted Buttonquail","Painted Buttonquail","Painted Buttonquail",null,null,"wooded scrub and tussocky areas in lowlands and hills of southwestern Australia including Houtman Abrolhos Islands (off southwest); and southeastern and eastern Australia including Tasmania and islands in Bass Strait",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62288672","paibut","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paibut","avibase-53E15B4C",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/69/mode/1up","Perdix varia"],["4255","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix varius scintillans","(Gould, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.147 p.62-63",null,null,null,null,null,"East and West Wallabi islands; formerly North Island (Houtman Abrolhos Islands off southwestern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95D3DB9A",null,null,"Houtman Abrolhos, West Australia.","Exhibition and description of four new species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/276/mode/1up","Hemipodius scintillans"],["4256","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix varius varius","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxiii",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland southward to southern South Australia and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1484B96A",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/69/mode/1up","Perdix varia"],["4257","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix novaecaledoniae","Ogilvie-Grant, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.599 (index), name missing from p.474","New Caledonian Buttonquail","New Caledonian Buttonquail","New Caledonian Buttonquail",null,null,"formerly New Caledonia; probably extinct, not certainly reported since 1889","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734789","paibut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paibut1","avibase-ABB5B3B0",null,null,"New Caledonia.","On the Genus Turnix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/629/mode/1up","Turnix novae caledoniae"],["4258","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix melanogaster","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt.2 pl.12, fig.2, with text","Black-breasted Buttonquail","Black-breasted Buttonquail","Black-breasted Buttonquail",null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (southeastern Queensland, and formerly northern New South Wales)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680556","blbbut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbut2","avibase-DE127941",null,null,"New South Wales = Moreton Bay, Sydney, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/133/mode/1up","Hemipodius melanogaster"],["4259","species","Charadriiformes","Turnicidae","Buttonquail","Turnix nigricollis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.767","Madagascar Buttonquail","Madagascar Buttonquail","Madagascar Buttonquail",null,null,"Madagascar; introduced (?) Mauritius, Réunion, and Glorieuses",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680552","madbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madbut1","avibase-598966B2",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/268/mode/1up","Tetrao nigricollis"],["4260","family","Charadriiformes","Dromadidae","Crab-plover","Dromadidae",null,null,"Crab-plover","Crab-Plover","Crab-plover",null,null,null,null,null,null,"dromad1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dromad1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4261","genus","Charadriiformes","Dromadidae","Crab-plover","Dromas","Paykull, 1805","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 26 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dromas ardeola [Paykull, 1805]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180254#page/200/mode/1up","Dromas"],["4262","species","Charadriiformes","Dromadidae","Crab-plover","Dromas ardeola","Paykull, 1805","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 26 p.182,188 pl.8","Crab-plover","Crab-Plover","Crab-plover",null,null,"coasts of Indian Ocean, breeding on shores of northwestern Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea; non-breeders regularly range southward to Kenya, Tanzania, and Madagascar, and eastward to western India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Chagos, and Andaman Islands (possibly breeds in the last four sites); also small numbers to northeastern South Africa, and to southwestern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694081","craplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/craplo1","avibase-C3E33FEB",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180254#page/200/mode/1up","Dromas Ardeola"],["4263","family","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareolidae",null,null,"Coursers and Pratincoles","Pratincoles and Coursers","Coursers, Pratincoles",null,null,null,null,null,null,"glareo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glareo1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4264","genus","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.202.",null,null,null,"2025-0545","Taxon <em>africanus </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Smutsornis </em>based on multilocus DNA data (Černý &amp; Natale 2022), supported by differences in behavior, downy chick patterning, and syringeal structure (Brown &amp; Ward 1990).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cursorius africanus [Temminck]; type by original designation",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/284/mode/1up","Smutsornis"],["4265","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus","(Temminck, 1807)","Catalogue systématique du cabinet d'ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes de Crd. Jb. Temminck p.175,263","Double-banded Courser","Double-banded Courser","Double-banded Courser","2025-0545","Taxon <em>africanus </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Smutsornis </em>based on multilocus DNA data (Černý &amp; Natale 2022), supported by differences in behavior, downy chick patterning, and syringeal structure (Brown &amp; Ward 1990).","tropical to subtropical stony plains of eastern and southern Africa, disjunctly in Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia; southern Kenya, and Tanzania; and southwestern Angola to southwestern Zimbabwe and through South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694091","dobcou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dobcou2","avibase-C130193B",null,null,"Namaqualand.",null,null,"Cursorius africanus"],["4266","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus raffertyi","(Mearns, 1915)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 65, no.13 p.7-8",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to Ethiopia and Djibouti",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A7026E4",null,null,"Iron Bridge, Ha wash River, Ethiopia.","Descriptions of seven new subspecies and one species of African birds (Plantain-eater, Courser and Rail).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95298#page/685/mode/1up","Rhinoptilus africanus raffertyi"],["4267","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus hartingi","(Sharpe, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.13 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia (Ogaden Depression) and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B97B856",null,null,"Somaliland.","[Notes on African Coursers, with descriptions of three new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/112/mode/1up","Rhinoptilus hartingi"],["4268","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus gracilis","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-021AA878",null,null,"Masailand.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/190/mode/1up","Cursorius gracilis"],["4269","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus bisignatus","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-538BBB80",null,null,"Benguella.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by Mr. J. J. Monteiro in the Province of Benguela, Angola, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/125/mode/1up","Cursorius bisignatus"],["4270","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus erlangeri","(Niethammer & Wolters, 1966)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 17 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Namibia (Etosha region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF32D553",null,null,"östlich Cape Cross [east of Cape Cross, Namibia]","Kritische Bemerkungen über einige südafrikanische Vögel im Museum A. Koenig, Bonn.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156127#page/173/mode/1up","Rhinoptilus africanus erlangeri"],["4271","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus traylori","(Irwin, 1963)","Durban Museum Novitates 7 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Botswana (Makgadikgadi system) and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FB382C5",null,null,"Kedia, Lake Dow, Bechuanaland Protectorate.","Systematic and distributional notes on Southern African birds. 1. A revision of the south-west arid races of the Courser Rhinoptilus africanus (Temminck).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1913","Rhinoptilus africanus traylori"],["4272","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus africanus","(Temminck, 1807)","Catalogue systématique du cabinet d'ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes de Crd. Jb. Temminck p.175,263",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia (except northwest), western and southern Botswana, and northwestern South Africa (northern Northern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DD8C445",null,null,"Namaqualand.",null,null,"Cursorius africanus"],["4273","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Smutsornis africanus granti","(Sclater, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cape Province and Karoo of South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-315969E5",null,null,"Deelfontein, Cape Colony.","Notes on the races of the Two-banded Courser, and proposed new name for the form from the Cape Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/162/mode/1up","Rhinoptilus africanus granti"],["4274","genus","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus","Strickland, 1852","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.216 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cursorius chalcopterus [Temminck, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1896, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 24, p. 43).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/291/mode/1up","Rhinoptilus"],["4275","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus cinctus","(Heuglin, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.17 p.31 pl.1","Three-banded Courser","Three-banded Courser","Three-banded Courser",null,null,"tropical bushland and open woodland from Ethiopia and Somalia through eastern Africa to northern South Africa and west to northern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694099","thbcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbcou1","avibase-29D50ED5",null,null,"Near Gondokoro, White Nile.","Description of a new African Plover.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/51/mode/1up","Hemerodromus cinctus"],["4276","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus cinctus mayaudi","(Érard, Hémery & Pasquet, 1993)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 44 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63278F3A",null,null,"en Ethiopie, pres du lac Shalla, dans la Rift Valley, dans le sud du Shoa, collectée le 30 mars 1971","Variation géographique de Cursorius cinctus (Heuglin, 1863), Aves: Glareolidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156622#page/204/mode/1up","Cursorius cinctus mayaudi"],["4277","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus cinctus balsaci","(Érard, Hémery & Pasquet, 1993)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 44 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia and northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65109894",null,null,"Afmadu, dans le Basso Giuba, sud de la Somalie, le 6 septembre 1964 par Jean Roche","Variation géographique de Cursorius cinctus (Heuglin, 1863), Aves: Glareolidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156622#page/204/mode/1up","Cursorius cinctus balsaci"],["4278","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus cinctus cinctus","(Heuglin, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.17 p.31 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, northwestern and eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F383F93",null,null,"Near Gondokoro, White Nile.","Description of a new African Plover.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/51/mode/1up","Hemerodromus cinctus"],["4279","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus cinctus emini","Zedlitz, 1914","Journal für Ornithologie 62, no.4 p.624",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya to Tanzania and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7084CFFA",null,null,"Ukerewe Island, Lake Victoria.","Das Süd-Somaliland als zoogeographisches Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43524#page/652/mode/1up","Rhinoptilus cinctus emini"],["4280","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus cinctus seebohmi","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.13 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and northern Namibia to Zimbabwe and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6931F719",null,null,"Ondonga, Ovampoland.","[Notes on African Coursers, with descriptions of three new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/111/mode/1up","Rhinoptilus seebohmi"],["4281","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus chalcopterus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.50, vol.5 pl.298","Bronze-winged Courser","Bronze-winged Courser","Bronze-winged Courser",null,null,"open woodland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694095","brwcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwcou1","avibase-F5145338",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/349/mode/1up","Cursorius chalcopterus"],["4282","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Rhinoptilus bitorquatus","(Blyth, 1848)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 17, pt.1 p.254","Jerdon's Courser","Jerdon's Courser","Jerdon's Courser",null,null,"tropical scrub jungle of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh (east-central India); extremely rare, with very few recent records",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694103","jercou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jercou1","avibase-A632F945",null,null,"Eastern Ghats.","Report of Curator Zoological Department.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124005#page/368/mode/1up","Macrotarsius bitorquatus"],["4283","genus","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.751",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cursorius europaeus [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1822, Zoological Illustrations, 2, pl. 106 and text). = Charadrius cursor Latham, 1787",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/291/mode/1up","Cursorius"],["4284","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius temminckii","Swainson, 1822","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.21 pl.106,text","Temminck's Courser","Temminck's Courser","Temminck's Courser",null,null,"tropical to subtropical savanna of sub-Saharan Africa from southern Mauritania eastward to Eritrea and western Somalia, southward to northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694120","temcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temcou1","avibase-7A841F83",null,null,"No type locality, = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/249/mode/1up","Cursorius Temminckii"],["4285","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius temminckii temminckii","Swainson, 1822","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.21 pl.106,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to Chad, also discontinuously in southern South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-843587C8",null,null,"No type locality, = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/249/mode/1up","Cursorius Temminckii"],["4286","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius temminckii ruvanensis","Madarász, 1915","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 13 p.393, pl. 10, upper fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Gabon eastward to Tanzania, southward to Angola, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-898DBB34",null,null,"Ruwana Plains, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus Afrika.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1915_Vol_13_393.pdf","Cursorius ruvanensis"],["4287","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius temminckii aridus","Clancey, 1989","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia and Botswana to western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EA2F9B5",null,null,"Sekhuma Pan, 160 km W of Kanye, southern Botswana","The status of (Cursorius temminckii) damarensis Reichenow, 1901.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/60/mode/1up","Cursorius temminckii aridus"],["4288","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius coromandelicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.692","Indian Courser","Indian Courser","Indian Courser",null,null,"dry stony plains of north-central Pakistan, sub-Himalayan India, far southern Nepal, and far northern Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694124","indcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indcou1","avibase-236D9272",null,null,"Coromandel Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/193/mode/1up","Charadrius coromandelicus"],["4289","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius cursor","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.293","Cream-colored Courser","Cream-colored Courser","Cream-coloured Courser",null,null,"subtropical to tropical desert of western Paleotropics, from eastern Canary Islands and Cabo Verde, northwestern Africa, Middle East from southeastern Türkiye to Socotra, Iran, and western Turkmenistan to far northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735845","crccou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crccou1","avibase-DE0A72A7",null,null,"Kent, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/331/mode/1up","Charadrius cursor"],["4290","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius cursor cursor","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Canary Islands, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula and Socotra eastward to Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A46AC6",null,null,"Kent, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/331/mode/1up","Charadrius cursor"],["4291","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius cursor bogolubovi","Zarudny, 1886","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 61 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Türkiye to Iran, Afghanistan, southern Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8311147C",null,null,"Ahal-Teke, Transcaspia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124269#page/337/mode/1up","Cursorius isabellinus var. Bogolubovi"],["4292","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius cursor exsul","Hartert, 1920","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.1524",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAF99E90",null,null,"Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/748/mode/1up","Cursorius gallicus exsul"],["4293","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius somalensis","Shelley, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.415","Somali Courser","Somali Courser","Somali Courser",null,null,"semidesert in lowlands to hills from Eritrea and eastern Ethiopia throughout Somalia, southward to far southeastern South Sudan and east through southeastern Kenya; some intratropical migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732297","somcou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somcou1","avibase-6091E70B",null,null,"Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/467/mode/1up","Cursorius gallicus somalensis"],["4294","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius somalensis somalensis","Shelley, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADFCA9A1",null,null,"Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/467/mode/1up","Cursorius gallicus somalensis"],["4295","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius somalensis littoralis","Erlanger, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan, northern Kenya, and southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-570C1EF8",null,null,"Kismayu, Italian Somaliland.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zoogeographie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/72/mode/1up","Cursorius gallicus littoralis"],["4296","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Cursorius rufus","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.81","Burchell's Courser","Burchell's Courser","Burchell's Courser",null,null,"semidesert of southwestern Angola to Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694116","burcou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burcou2","avibase-5FBB9662",null,null,"Islands in the Indian Ocean, error = Potchefstroom, Transvaal, apud Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 299.","Characters of some new species of Birds belonging to the genera Tamatia and Cursorius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/95/mode/1up","Cursorius rufus"],["4297","genus","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.141",null,null,null,"2025-1160","Taxon <em>isabella</em> is placed in the genus <em>Glareola </em>rather than <em>Stiltia </em>based on the multilocus DNA data of Černý &amp; Natale (2022) that show it to be embedded within <em>Glareola</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo pratincola [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Hirundo pratincola Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Glareola"],["4298","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola ocularis","Verreaux, 1833","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.80","Madagascar Pratincole","Madagascar Pratincole","Madagascar Pratincole",null,null,"breeds rocky coastal and river islets of northwestern and eastern Madagascar; winters coasts and estuaries of eastern Africa from southern Somalia to northern Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694140","madpra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madpra1","avibase-AC0F25BB",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/98/mode/1up","Glareola ocularis"],["4299","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola nuchalis","Gray, 1849","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.193 p.63 pl.9","Rock Pratincole","Rock Pratincole","Rock Pratincole",null,null,"rocky rivers of tropical Africa from southeastern Gambia and Guinea-Bissau, disjunctly eastward to South Sudan and Ethiopia, eastward to western Kenya and southward to northern Namibia and Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694144","rocpra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpra1","avibase-95820ED1",null,null,"Fifth Cataract of the Nile near Berber.","On a new species of the genus Glareola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/101/mode/1up","Glareola nuchalis"],["4300","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola nuchalis liberiae","Schlegel, 1881","Notes from the Leyden Museum 3 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB5EAFA7",null,null,"Liberia.","On the zoological researches in West Africa. I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37346#page/76/mode/1up","Glareola nuchalis liberiae"],["4301","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola nuchalis nuchalis","Gray, 1849","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.193 p.63 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Chad to Ethiopia and southward to Zambia, Namibia, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFFFA2AF",null,null,"Fifth Cataract of the Nile near Berber.","On a new species of the genus Glareola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/101/mode/1up","Glareola nuchalis"],["4302","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola isabella","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.69","Australian Pratincole","Australian Pratincole","Australian Pratincole","2025-1160","Taxon <em>isabella</em> is placed in the genus <em>Glareola </em>rather than <em>Stiltia </em>based on the multilocus DNA data of Černý &amp; Natale (2022) that show it to be embedded within <em>Glareola</em>.","breeds northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to inland eastern Australia and southward to northern Victoria); winters south-eastern Indonesia to southern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694157","auspra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auspra1","avibase-5B08743F",null,null,"'Australasie.'",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f75.item","Glareola isabella"],["4303","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola lactea","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.503","Small Pratincole","Small Pratincole","Little Pratincole",null,null,"eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan to India and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694152","smapra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smapra1","avibase-D9A310F1",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127471#page/75/mode/1up","Glareola lactea"],["4304","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola cinerea","Fraser, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.26","Grey Pratincole","Gray Pratincole","Grey Pratincole",null,null,"rivers of Mali to Cameroon, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694148","grypra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grypra1","avibase-B21AF428",null,null,"Mouth of the River Nun, i.e. the Niger.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Bat, belonging to the genus Rhinolophus, and four new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/394/mode/1up","Glareola cinerea"],["4305","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola maldivarum","Forster, 1795","Faunula Indica, id est catalogus animalium Indiae Orientalis quae hactenus naturae curiosis innotuerunt. 2nd ed. p.11","Oriental Pratincole","Oriental Pratincole","Oriental Pratincole",null,null,"breeds patchily in grassland near water from western India and Sri Lanka eastward to southeastern Siberia and Japan (central Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), southward to Philippines; winters grassy fields of Indian Ocean islands from Seychelles to Maldives, and Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka eastward through northern Australia and the Mariana Islands and Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694132","oripra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oripra","avibase-3222F80F",null,null,"Open sea in the latitude of the Maldive Islands, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 5, p. 224, var. B.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=M4JDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false","Glareola (Pratincola) Maldivarum"],["4306","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola nordmanni","Fischer von Waldheim, 1842","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.314 pl.2","Black-winged Pratincole","Black-winged Pratincole","Black-winged Pratincole",null,null,"breeds saline steppe near water from central Ukraine and southwestern Russia eastward to eastern Kazakhstan; winters in grassland near water of eastern Namibia, Botswana, and northern South Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694136","blwpra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwpra1","avibase-E1F6A875",null,null,"Steppes of southern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/150871#page/318/mode/1up","Glareola Nordmanni"],["4307","species","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola pratincola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.345","Collared Pratincole","Collared Pratincole","Collared Pratincole",null,null,"patchily southern temperate to tropical grassland near water, from southern Europe and northern Africa through central Asia eastward to western Xinjiang (northwestern China) and northwestern India; also sub-Saharan river systems except far south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694127","colpra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colpra","avibase-D56ABB4E",null,null,"Shores of southern Europe and in Austria, restricted type locality, Austria, B. O. U. Committee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/349/mode/1up","Hirundo Pratincola"],["4308","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola pratincola pratincola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds steppe near water from southern Europe and northern Africa eastward through Türkiye and Egypt to northwestern China and southward to Pakistan and far northwestern India; winters sub-Saharan Africa north of 5°N",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B19F0B19",null,null,"Shores of southern Europe and in Austria, restricted type locality, Austria, B. O. U. Committee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/349/mode/1up","Hirundo Pratincola"],["4309","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Glareolidae","Coursers and Pratincoles","Glareola pratincola fuelleborni","Neumann, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"open ground near water in sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to southern Somalia southward to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82FD46D9",null,null,"Lake Rikwa, Nyasaland.","Neue afrikanische Charadriiden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/24/mode/1up","Glareola fusca fülleborni"],["4310","family","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorariidae",null,null,"Jaegers and Skuas","Skuas and Jaegers","Skuas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"sterco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sterco1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4311","genus","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.56;6, p.149",null,null,null,"2025-0895","The single genus <em>Stercorarius </em>is recognized for skuas (sometimes placed in <em>Catharacta</em>) and jaegers based on mitochondrial DNA (Cohen et al. 1997; Andersson 1999b) and genomic evidence (Mikkelsen &amp; Weir 2023), supported by plumage, behavioral, and feather parasite data. Mikkelsen &amp; Weir (2023) provide evidence of mtDNA capture and nuclear introgression in the evolutionary history of this group, which accounts for discordant patterns in morphological, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear melaniN0coding MC1R gene (Janssen &amp; Mundy 2017), and genomic DNA-based reconstructions.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Larus parasiticus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Larus parasiticus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/100/mode/1up","Stercorarius"],["4312","species","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius parasiticus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136","Parasitic Jaeger","Parasitic Jaeger","Arctic Jaeger",null,null,"breeds mostly low Arctic tundra from Greenland, Iceland, and Scotland eastward to northeastern Siberia and Kamchatka, Aleutian and Bering Sea islands, through Alaska to east-central Arctic Canada (except northern high Arctic islands); winters to coastal waters of Africa, Persian Gulf, western India and Sri Lanka, eastward to Japan and Australasia, and southern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694245","parjae","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parjae","avibase-39086887",null,null,"Within the Tropic of Cancer of Europe, America and Asia; restricted type locality, coast of Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus parasiticus"],["4313","species","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius longicaudus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.157","Long-tailed Jaeger","Long-tailed Jaeger","Long-tailed Jaeger",null,null,"breeds Holarctic high and low Arctic tundra, locally in subarctic, from northwestern and southeastern Greenland, Arctic northern Scandinavia to northeastern Siberia and Kamchatka (eastern Russia); Arctic, western, and southern Alaska through Arctic Canada to Ellesmere and Baffin islands; in winter highly pelagic and mostly occurs southerly, to offshore subantarctic and subtropical waters off Africa, Madagascar, southern Australia, Peru, Chile, and east-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694251","lotjae","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotjae","avibase-1D446440",null,null,"The north of Europe, Asia and America; restricted type locality, northern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/173/mode/1up","Stercorarius longicaudus"],["4314","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius longicaudus longicaudus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra of northern Scandinavia (including Svalbard) and northern Russia eastward to Lena River (east-central Siberia); winters to southern South America and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21A0AB28",null,null,"The north of Europe, Asia and America; restricted type locality, northern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/173/mode/1up","Stercorarius longicaudus"],["4315","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius longicaudus pallescens","Løppenthin, 1932","Meddelelser om Grønland 91 no.6 p.85,93",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra from Lena River (east-central Siberia) eastward to northeastern Siberia including Kamchatka, and Alaska through high Arctic Canada to Ellesmere and Baffin islands and Greenland; winters to southern South America and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3925EED6",null,null,"Cap Stosch, lat. 74° N., long. 22° W., northeastern Greenland.","Die Vögel Nordost-grönlands zwischen 73° 00' und 73° 30' N. Br..",null,"Stercorarius longicaudus pallescens"],["4316","species","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius pomarinus","(Temminck, 1815)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe ed.1 p.514","Pomarine Jaeger","Pomarine Jaeger","Pomarine Jaeger",null,null,"breeds high Arctic tundra, mainly northwestern to northeastern Russia (including many high Arctic islands), northern and southwestern Alaska, eastward through Arctic Canada to Baffin Island (northeastern Canada); winters to temperate to tropical coasts and offshore waters worldwide",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694240","pomjae","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomjae","avibase-7CB8F5B7",null,null,"Arctic regions of Europe.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Manuel_d_ornithologie_ou_Tableau_syst%C3%A8m/1bdm-hKTgpwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA514&printsec=frontcover","Lestris pomarinus"],["4317","species","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius skua","(Brünnich, 1764)","Ornithologia borealis, sistens collectionem avium ex omnibus, Imperio Danico subjectis (etc.) p.33","Great Skua","Great Skua","Great Skua",null,null,"breeds Iceland, Faroe Islands, Ireland, Scotland, Norway including Svalbard, and northwestern Russia to Novaya Zemlya; winters North Atlantic Ocean offshore waters to central Gulf Stream of New England to North Carolina, northeastern Brazil, North Sea to Iberian Peninsula, western Mediterranean, Atlantic islands, and western Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694160","gresku1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gresku1","avibase-BB041C6E",null,null,"Faroes and Iceland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265835#page/45/mode/1up","Catharacta Skua"],["4318","species","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius maccormicki","Saunders, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.13 p.12","South Polar Skua","South Polar Skua","South Polar Skua",null,null,"breeds coastal Antarctica, especially Ross Sea; also South Shetland and South Orkney islands (off Antarctic Peninsula); winters to northern offshore waters and North Indian Ocean: mostly clockwise to Japanese and Korean waters and Gulf Stream of eastern USA, then southwestern Canada to northern Baja California and northwestern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694218","sopsku1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sopsku1","avibase-7D1A9D5C",null,null,"Possession Island, Victoria Land, lat. 71° 14' S., long. 171° 15' W.","[A new species of Great Skua from Victoria Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/110/mode/1up","Stercorarius maccormicki"],["4319","species","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius chilensis","Bonaparte, 1856","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.207","Chilean Skua","Chilean Skua","Chilean Skua",null,null,"breeds coasts of southern Chile and southern Argentina; ranges north to coasts of southern Peru and central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694210","chisku1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chisku1","avibase-22214CD3",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/765/mode/1up","Stercorarius antarcticus b. chilensis"],["4320","species","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius antarcticus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.616","Brown Skua","Brown Skua","Brown Skua",null,null,"southern oceans and coasts from coastal southern Argentina, Falkland Islands, Tristan da Cunha group (south-central South Atlantic), subantarctic and Antarctic islands from Cape Horn to New Zealand region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62289571","brnsku3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnsku3","avibase-4D5D2BC3",null,null,"Falkland Islands and New Zealand: restricted to the former by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 212.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/654/mode/1up","Lestris antarcticus"],["4321","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius antarcticus antarcticus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Argentina and Falkland Islands; winters off southeastern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C8FB545",null,null,"Falkland Islands and New Zealand: restricted to the former by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 212.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/654/mode/1up","Lestris antarcticus"],["4322","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius antarcticus hamiltoni","(Hagen, 1952)","Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha 1937-1938 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island (South Atlantic Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A73FA387",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha","Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha 1937-1938",null,"Catharacta skua hamiltoni"],["4323","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Stercorariidae","Jaegers and Skuas","Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"subantarctic and Antarctic islands of Indian and Pacific oceans, including Cape Horn, Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, South Shetlands, and New Zealand region; wanders to waters off southern Africa and Malagasy region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FC49046",null,null,"New Zealand Seas.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/236/mode/1up","Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi"],["4324","family","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alcidae",null,null,"Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Auks, Murres, and Puffins","Auks",null,null,null,null,null,null,"alcida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alcida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4325","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cerorhinca","Bonaparte, 1828","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cerorhinca occidentalis [Bonaparte, 1828]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Alca monocerata Pallas, 1811",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54039#page/449/mode/1up","Cerorhinca"],["4326","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cerorhinca monocerata","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.362","Rhinoceros Auklet","Rhinoceros Auklet","Rhinoceros Auklet",null,null,"breeds North Pacific islands from Sakhalin and Kuril Islands, Hokkaido and northern Honshu (northern Japan), Aleutians, southern Alaska to southern California; winters coastal waters to southern Japan and Korean Peninsula and northern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694924","rhiauk","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhiauk","avibase-53D94597",null,null,"Cape St. Elias and Kodiak Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/378/mode/1up","Alca monocerata"],["4327","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Fratercula","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.52;6, p.81",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alca arctica [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Alca arctica Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/96/mode/1up","Fratercula"],["4328","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Fratercula cirrhata","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.5 p.7 pl.1,5 fig.1,2,3","Tufted Puffin","Tufted Puffin","Tufted Puffin",null,null,"breeds North Pacific coasts and islands from northern Chukotka and Sea of Okhotsk through Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia), off southeastern Hokkaido (northern Japan), eastward through Bering Sea Islands and Aleutians and southern Alaska southward to central California; winters offshore in North Pacific Ocean, and nearshore to southern Japan and southern California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694934","tufpuf","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tufpuf","avibase-F7937349",null,null,"Seas between Kamchatka, America and the Kurile Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/187/mode/1up","Alca cirrhata"],["4329","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Fratercula arctica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130","Atlantic Puffin","Atlantic Puffin","Atlantic Puffin",null,null,"breeds North Atlantic coasts from Greenland, Iceland, and Faroes eastward through Scandinavia including Svalbard, and Novaya Zemlya (northwestern Russia), also northern Hudson Bay to southeastern Canada and Maine (northeastern USA); winters offshore in North Atlantic and marginal seas, to North Carolina Gulf Stream and to Azores and Iberian Peninsula",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694927","atlpuf","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atlpuf","avibase-2771624B",null,null,"Seas of northern Europe; restricted type locality, Norway.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca arctica"],["4330","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Fratercula corniculata","(Naumann, 1821)","Isis von Oken 9, heft 8 col.782 pl.7 fig.3,4","Horned Puffin","Horned Puffin","Horned Puffin",null,null,"breeds North Pacific coasts and islands from Wrangel Island eastward to Kamchatka, Kuril, and Commander islands (northeastern Russia), through Bering Sea Islands and Aleutians and patchily in western and southern Alaska southward to British Columbia; winters offshore and coastally in North Pacific Ocean, mostly in breeding range but southward to northern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694931","horpuf","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horpuf","avibase-24111FA5",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88006#page/399/mode/1up","Mormon corniculata"],["4331","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Ptychoramphus","Brandt, 1837","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 2, no.22 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Uria aleutica [Pallas, 1811]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/408/mode/1up","Ptychoramphus"],["4332","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Ptychoramphus aleuticus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.370","Cassin's Auklet","Cassin's Auklet","Cassin's Auklet",null,null,"breeds Aleutians and islands off Pacific coast from Alaska through central Baja California; winters nearshore to off-shelf waters southward to southern Baja California",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694903","casauk","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casauk","avibase-2CF6D6F6",null,null,"'Russis ad Oceanum Orientalum' = North Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/386/mode/1up","Uria Aleutica"],["4333","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Ptychoramphus aleuticus aleuticus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Aleutians and Alaska to northern Baja California; withdraws from north in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E564250",null,null,"'Russis ad Oceanum Orientalum' = North Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/386/mode/1up","Uria Aleutica"],["4334","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Ptychoramphus aleuticus australis","Van Rossem, 1939","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.11, vol.4 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"central Baja California (San Benito to Asunción and San Roque islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-504AF8CB",null,null,"West San Benito Island, Baja California, Mexico.","Some new races of birds from Mexico.","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933908527006","Ptychoramphus aleuticus australis"],["4335","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Aethia","Merrem, 1788","Versuch eines Grundrisses zur allgemeinen Geschichte und natürlichen Eintheilung der Vögel 1 p.7,13,20",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alca cristatella [Pallas, 1769]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Aethia"],["4336","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Aethia pusilla","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.373","Least Auklet","Least Auklet","Least Auklet",null,null,"breeds North Pacific coasts and islands patchily from eastern Chukotka to Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia) eastward through Bering Sea Islands and Aleutians; winters offshore in North Pacific, to northern Sea of Japan and western British Columbia (southwestern Canada)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694921","leaauk","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leaauk","avibase-044509DA",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/389/mode/1up","Uria pusilla"],["4337","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Aethia pygmaea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.555","Whiskered Auklet","Whiskered Auklet","Whiskered Auklet",null,null,"sedentary, North Pacific coasts and islands patchily from Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril, and Commander islands (eastern Russia) and Aleutians",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694918","whiauk","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiauk","avibase-E3893615",null,null,"Islands in Bering Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/56/mode/1up","Alca pygmaea"],["4338","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Aethia psittacula","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.5 p.13 pl.2,5 fig.4,5,6","Parakeet Auklet","Parakeet Auklet","Parakeet Auklet",null,null,"breeds North Pacific coasts and islands, patchily from eastern Chukotka, Sakhalin, Kuril, and Commander islands (eastern Russia), Bering Sea Islands and Aleutians, and Gulf of Alaska; winters offshore in North Pacific, reaching northern Sea of Japan and western British Columbia (southwestern Canada)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694906","parauk","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parauk","avibase-2B46719D",null,null,"Kamchatka and islands toward Japan and North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/197/mode/1up","Alca psittacula"],["4339","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Aethia cristatella","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.5 p.18 pl.3,5 fig.7,8,9","Crested Auklet","Crested Auklet","Crested Auklet",null,null,"breeds North Pacific coasts and islands, patchily from eastern Chukotka, Sakhalin, Kuril, and Commander islands (eastern Russia), Bering Sea Islands and Aleutians; winters offshore to Hokkaido and northern Honshu (northern Japan) and Gulf of Alaska",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694915","creauk","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creauk","avibase-3DC4EBB8",null,null,"Hokkaido to Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/204/mode/1up","Alca cristatella"],["4340","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus","Brandt, 1837","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 2, no.22 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alca antiqua [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 77).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/408/mode/1up","Synthliboramphus"],["4341","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus wumizusume","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.5 pl.579","Japanese Murrelet","Japanese Murrelet","Japanese Murrelet",null,null,"breeds coasts and islands off South Korea and western Honshu, Kyushu, and Izu Islands (central and southern Japan), south of Korean Peninsula, perhaps also far southeastern Russia; winters Hokkaido to southeastern Japan",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694899","japmur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japmur1","avibase-A332A7CE",null,null,"Shores of Japan and Korea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/665/mode/1up","Uria wumizusume"],["4342","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus antiquus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.554","Ancient Murrelet","Ancient Murrelet","Ancient Murrelet",null,null,"breeds on forested or vegetated islands patchily from Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin, Kuril, and Commander islands (eastern Russia), islands off Hokkaido and northern Honshu, and Yellow Sea, Aleutians, and Gulf of Alaska to western British Columbia (southwestern Canada); winters to Sea of Japan and southwestern Pacific coast of Japan, and southern California; prone to long-distance vagrancy inland, southern Canada and northern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694896","ancmur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ancmur","avibase-ACA4FEFE",null,null,"West of North America to Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands, i.e. Bering Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/55/mode/1up","Alca antiqua"],["4343","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus antiquus antiquus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.554",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds patchily on North Pacific coasts from Kamchatka to Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia), southward to Yellow Sea and islands off Hokkaido and northern Honshu, eastward to Aleutians and Gulf of Alaska to western British Columbia (southwestern Canada); winters to south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CA6C5F9",null,null,"West of North America to Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands, i.e. Bering Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/55/mode/1up","Alca antiqua"],["4344","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus antiquus microrhynchos","Stepanyan, 1972","Ornitologiya 10 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Mednyi Island, Commander Islands (southeastern Russia); winters to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78FDC5D7",null,null,"Commander Islands","A new subspecies Synthliboramphus antiquus microrhynchos subsp. nov. (Alcidae, Aves) from the Comandor Is.",null,"Synthliboramphus antiquus microrhynchos"],["4345","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus craveri","(Salvadori, 1866)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.387","Craveri's Murrelet","Craveri's Murrelet","Craveri's Murrelet",null,null,"breeds Cedros, San Benito, and Asuncion-San Jorge islands (west-central Baja California), islands in Gulf of California, including Rasa, and Tiburon, and Partida; winters to coastal central California and Jalisco (west-central Mexico)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694887","cramur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cramur","avibase-E04DDBBB",null,null,"Gulf of California, lat. 27° 50' 12' N.; long. 110° 10' 45' W. = Raza Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/397/mode/1up","Uria Craveri"],["4346","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus hypoleucus","(Xántus, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.299","Guadalupe Murrelet","Guadalupe Murrelet","Guadalupe Murrelet",null,null,"breeds Guadalupe and San Benito islands (central Baja California, northwestern Mexico); winters offshore northward to coastal northern California",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62101215","xanmur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/xanmur1","avibase-2A8D086D",null,null,"Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/319/mode/1up","Brachyrhamphus hypoleucus"],["4347","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Synthliboramphus scrippsi","(Green & Arnold, 1939)","The Condor 41, no.1 p.28","Scripps's Murrelet","Scripps's Murrelet","Scripps's Murrelet",null,null,"breeds Channel Islands (southern California) and islands off northwestern Baja California to San Benito (northwestern Mexico); winters offshore north to coastal Washington",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62101249","xanmur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/xanmur2","avibase-85FE327B",null,null,"Anacapa Island, California","An unrecognized race of Murrelet on the Pacific Coast of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol41/iss1/5/","Endomychura hypoleuca scrippsi"],["4348","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Brachyramphus","Brandt, 1837","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 2, no.22 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Colymbus marmoratus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 77).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/407/mode/1up","Brachyramphus"],["4349","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Brachyramphus perdix","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.351","Long-billed Murrelet","Long-billed Murrelet","Long-billed Murrelet",null,null,"breeds coastal strip up to 30 km inland in Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin (eastern Russia), and northern Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters to coastal central Japan; prone to long-distance vagrancy to continental USA",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729000","lobmur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobmur","avibase-0518820F",null,null,"Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/367/mode/1up","Cepphus Perdix"],["4350","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Brachyramphus marmoratus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.583","Marbled Murrelet","Marbled Murrelet","Marbled Murrelet",null,null,"breeds coastal strip up to 100 km inland from Aleutians to central California; winters to coastal southern California",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694870","marmur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marmur","avibase-31557374",null,null,"Western America and Kamchatka = Prince William Sound, Alaska, ex Pennant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/84/mode/1up","Colymbus marmoratus"],["4351","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Brachyramphus brevirostris","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.357","Kittlitz's Murrelet","Kittlitz's Murrelet","Kittlitz's Murrelet",null,null,"breeds coastal strip up to 75 km inland, patchily from Wrangel Island, Chukotka, northeastern Kamchatka, and northern Sea of Okhotsk (eastern Russia), eastward to Bering Sea Islands and Aleutians and southeastern Alaska; winters bays and fjords in breeding range",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694875","kitmur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kitmur","avibase-7AD855E2",null,null,"San Blas, Mexico, error = North Pacific Ocean.","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/369/mode/1up","Uria brevirostris"],["4352","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus","Pallas, 1769","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.5 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cepphus lacteolus [Pallas, 1769]; type by monotypy = Alca grylle Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Cepphus"],["4353","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus grylle","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130","Black Guillemot","Black Guillemot","Black Guillemot",null,null,"breeds coasts of high Arctic to north temperate North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean from Greenland, Iceland, northern British Isles east through northeastern Russia; north slope of Alaska, eastern Canada including Hudson Bay; winters to ice-free waters near breeding range",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694861","blkgui","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkgui","avibase-B5AA5952",null,null,"Ocean of northern Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca Grylle"],["4354","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus grylle mandtii","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"high Arctic coasts from western and eastern Greenland, Jan Mayen, and Svalbard eastward through northern Siberia and northern Alaska to northern Labrador (northeastern Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8998BB2",null,null,"Spitsbergen.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/108/mode/1up","Uria Mandtii"],["4355","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus grylle arcticus","(Brehm, 1824)","Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Europäischen Vögel 2 p.923",null,null,null,null,null,"subarctic southern Greenland, northwestern British Isles, southern Scandinavia, and the White Sea (northwestern Russia), also southern Labrador and Newfoundland (southeastern Canada) and Gulf of Maine (northeastern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EB94DA7",null,null,"Greenland.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=06Y-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA923&q=Cepphus%20grylle%20arcticus#v=onepage&f=false","Uria arctica"],["4356","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus grylle islandicus","Hørring, 1937","Report of the 5th Thule Expedition 1921‐24; the Danish expedition to Arctic North America in charge of Knud Rasmussen 2 no.6 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Iceland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-819D5972",null,null,"Iceland","Birds collected on the Fifth Thule Expedition.",null,"Cepphus grylle islandicus"],["4357","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus grylle faeroeensis","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.990",null,null,null,null,null,"Faroe Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16CD77FB",null,null,"Faroer",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/1022/mode/1up","Cephus Faeroeensis"],["4358","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus grylle grylle","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Baltic Sea coasts",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E287101F",null,null,"Ocean of northern Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca Grylle"],["4359","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus carbo","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.350","Spectacled Guillemot","Spectacled Guillemot","Spectacled Guillemot",null,null,"breeds western North Pacific coast from Sea of Okhotsk, southern Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands (eastern Russia), Hokkaido (northern Japan), and perhaps northeastern Korean Peninsula; winters to central Japan and southern Korean Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694867","spegui1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spegui1","avibase-90680520",null,null,"Aleutians, Unalaska and Kurile Islands; restricted type locality, Kurile Islands, the other two localities being erroneous.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/366/mode/1up","Cepphus Carbo"],["4360","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus columba","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.348","Pigeon Guillemot","Pigeon Guillemot","Pigeon Guillemot",null,null,"arctic to temperate northwestern to east-central North Pacific coasts, from southern Chukotka to Kamchatka, Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia), Bering Sea Islands and Aleutians, and Gulf of Alaska to southern California; some withdrawal from north in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694864","piggui","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piggui","avibase-2F5DF476",null,null,"Kamchatka and Bering Straits.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/364/mode/1up","Cepphus Columba"],["4361","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus columba snowi","Stejneger, 1897","The Auk 14, no.2 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Kuril Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE35AC18",null,null,"Raikoka Island, Kurile Islands.","Description of a new species of Guillemot from the Kuril Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/9/","Cepphus snowi"],["4362","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus columba kaiurka","Portenko, 1937","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 22, heft 2 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"Commander Islands to west-central Aleutians",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9F29EA3",null,null,"Kupfer-Insel [=Copper Island, Commander Islands, Russia]","Einige neue Unterarten palaearktischer Vögel.",null,"Cepphus columba kaiurka"],["4363","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus columba columba","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia to Bering Sea and western Alaska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2845CF7",null,null,"Kamchatka and Bering Straits.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/364/mode/1up","Cepphus Columba"],["4364","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus columba adiantus","Storer, 1950","The Condor 52, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"central Aleutians southward to coastal Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61F16E06",null,null,"Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia [Canada]","Geographic variation in the Pigeon Guillemots of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol52/iss1/3/","Cepphus columba adianta"],["4365","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Cepphus columba eureka","Storer, 1950","The Condor 52, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Oregon to central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C71E4D4",null,null,"Farallon Islands [California]","Geographic variation in the Pigeon Guillemots of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol52/iss1/3/","Cepphus columba eureka"],["4366","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alca","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alca torda [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca"],["4367","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alca torda","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130","Razorbill","Razorbill","Razorbill",null,null,"breeds rocky cliffs of low Arctic to north temperate North Atlantic coasts, from Greenland, Iceland, and British Isles to Scandinavia, northwestern France, and the White Sea (northwestern Russia), northeastern Canada to Nova Scotia and Gulf of Maine; winters south to Gulf Stream off North Carolina (western North Atlantic), and inland on St. Lawrence River; to Iberian Peninsula (eastern North Atlantic) and western Mediterranean Sea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694852","razorb","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/razorb","avibase-64F4DD81",null,null,"'Europae borealis oceano'; restricted type locality, southern Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca Torda"],["4368","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alca torda torda","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western and southeastern Greenland to northern Scandinavia eastward to White Sea (northwestern Russia), also western and southeastern Greenland to northern Scandinavia, Baltic and White seas (northwestern Russia), northeastern Hudson Bay, and southern Baffin Island (northeastern Canada) southward to Gulf of Maine (northeastern USA); winters offshore to south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-975EFD95",null,null,"'Europae borealis oceano'; restricted type locality, southern Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca Torda"],["4369","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alca torda islandica","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.1005 pl.44 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland, Faroe, British, and Channel islands, and northwestern France and Heligoland (northern Germany); winters offshore to south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B3998B2",null,null,"Iceland",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/1037/mode/1up","Alca Islandica"],["4370","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Pinguinus","Bonnaterre, 1791","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.47 p.lxxxiii,28",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alca impennis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Ogilvie-Grant, 1898, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 26, p. 562).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/91/mode/1up","Pinguinus"],["4371","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Pinguinus impennis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130","Great Auk","Great Auk","Great Auk",null,null,"bred eastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, British Isles, and Denmark; wintered to eastern USA and Mediterranean; extinct, last reported 1844","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694856","greauk","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greauk","avibase-57D2F32E",null,null,"Arctic Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca impennis"],["4372","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alle","Link, 1806","Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock 1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alle nigricans [Link, 1806]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Alca alle Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,null,"Alle"],["4373","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alle alle","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.131","Little Auk","Dovekie","Little Auk",null,null,"breeds scree slopes of coasts of high Arctic from northeastern Canada and Greenland to Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya, north-central Russia; more rarely to Bering Strait; winters south in Gulf Stream to North Carolina, and inland on St. Lawrence River; to northern British Isles and North Sea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694837","doveki","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/doveki","avibase-B0932D89",null,null,"Ocean of Arctic Europe and America; restricted type locality, Scotland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/149/mode/1up","Alca Alle"],["4374","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alle alle alle","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Baffin Island (Arctic northeastern Canada), Greenland, northern Iceland and Jan Mayen, Svalbard, and Novaya Zemlya (northwestern Russia); winters southward in Gulf Stream to North Carolina, and to northern British Isles and North Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8AA98E5",null,null,"Ocean of Arctic Europe and America; restricted type locality, Scotland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/149/mode/1up","Alca Alle"],["4375","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Alle alle polaris","Stenhouse, 1930","The Scottish Naturalist no.182 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Frans Josef Land (northwestern Russia) eastward to St. Lawrence Island (Bering Sea); winters to Barents Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A7501C8",null,null,"Cape Flora and Cape Saulen, Franz Josef Land.","The Little Auk (Alle alle polaris subsp. nov.) of Franz Joseph Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198023#page/63/mode/1up","Alle alle polaris"],["4376","genus","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.52;6, p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Colymbus aalge [Pontoppidan, 1763]; type by tautonymy = Colymbus aalge Pontoppidan, 1763",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/96/mode/1up","Uria"],["4377","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria lomvia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130","Thick-billed Murre","Thick-billed Murre","Thick-billed Murre",null,null,"breeds cliffs of high and low Arctic (locally subarctic) Holarctic coasts; winters south of pack-ice, to coastal New York and northern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694847","thbmur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbmur","avibase-B70B5840",null,null,"Boreal Europe; restricted type locality, Greenland, apud Hartert, antea, p. 1773.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca Lomvia"],["4378","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria lomvia lomvia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal eastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, and Jan Mayen, northern Scandinavia and Svalbard eastward to Novaya Zemlya (northwestern Russia); winters offshore to south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D235B5A",null,null,"Boreal Europe; restricted type locality, Greenland, apud Hartert, antea, p. 1773.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up","Alca Lomvia"],["4379","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria lomvia eleonorae","Portenko, 1937","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 22, heft 2 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Taymyr Peninsula to New Siberian Islands (Russia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0DCB146",null,null,"Preobraschenje Insel, Chatanga Butch, 74 50'N, 112 50'E [=Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia]","Einige neue Unterarten palaearktischer Vögel.",null,"Uria lomvia eleonorae"],["4380","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria lomvia heckeri","Portenko, 1944","Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences de l'Union des Républiques Soviétiques Socialistes 43, no.5 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Wrangel and Herald islands, and northern Chukotsk Peninsula (northeastern Siberia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95FE9311",null,null,"Cape Waring, northeastern coast of Wrangel Island","Novye formy ptits s ostrova Vrangelya. [New forms of birds from Wrangel Island].",null,"Uria lomvia heckeri"],["4381","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria lomvia arra","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia), Aleutians, western and southeastern Alaska, and northern Yukon (northwestern Canada); winters offshore to south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A05CBB8",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/363/mode/1up","Cepphus Arra"],["4382","species","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria aalge","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.621, pl.26 fig.","Common Murre","Common Murre","Common Murre",null,null,"breeds on cliffs of subarctic to temperate (locally Arctic) northern coasts, on the Pacific coast southward to southern Kuril Islands (northern Japan) and Channel Islands just off southern California; winters to Virginia in Gulf Stream (western North Atlantic); to Iberian Peninsula (eastern North Atlantic); to northern Japan in western North Pacific; to northwestern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694841","commur","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/commur","avibase-39F29B55",null,null,"Iceland.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B725%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Colymbus aalge"],["4383","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria aalge aalge","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.621, pl.26 fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds North Atlantic coasts and islands of coastal southwestern Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Scotland, southern Norway, and Baltic Sea, also southeastern Canada; winters offshore to south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C435FBA",null,null,"Iceland.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B725%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Colymbus aalge"],["4384","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria aalge hyperborea","Salomonsen, 1932","Ibis ser.13, vol.2, no.1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Svalbard through northern Norway and northwestern Russia eastward to Novaya Zemlya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-586288DA",null,null,"Bear Island.","Definition of Three New Guillemots.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01509.x","Uria aalge hyperborea"],["4385","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria aalge albionis","Witherby, 1923","British Birds 16 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles southward to western Iberian Peninsula and eastward to Helgoland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6EB26E7",null,null,"Flamborough, Yorkshire, England.","Notes on the Common Guillemot. A new british form.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36850#page/334/mode/1up","Uria aalge albionis"],["4386","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria aalge inornata","Salomonsen, 1932","Ibis ser.13, vol.2, no.1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia), southern Kuril Islands, Teuri Island (northwest of Hokkaido; formerly also Hokkaido; northern Japan), also Aleutian and Bering Sea islands to western Alaska and southwestern Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27D5F335",null,null,"St. Matthews Island, Bering Sea.","Definition of Three New Guillemots.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01509.x","Uria aalge inornata"],["4387","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Alcidae","Auks, Puffins, and Murres","Uria aalge californica","(Bryant, 1861)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 8 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Washington to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B744A624",null,null,"Farallon Islands, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37036#page/152/mode/1up","Catarractes Californicus"],["4388","family","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Laridae",null,null,"Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers","Gulls, Terns, Skimmers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"larida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4389","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rynchops","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rynchops nigra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/156/mode/1up","Rynchops"],["4390","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rynchops niger","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.138","Black Skimmer","Black Skimmer","Black Skimmer",null,null,"breeds coastal USA from southern California to western Mexico and Massachusetts to eastern Mexico; river systems of South America from northern Colombia to central Argentina; winters coasts throughout Middle America south to south-central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694256","blkski","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkski","avibase-88AB027C",null,null,"America = coast of South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/156/mode/1up","Rynchops nigra"],["4391","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rynchops niger niger","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal USA from southern California to Nayarit (western Mexico) and Massachusetts to Florida and Yucatan (eastern Mexico); winters to Panama and northern Caribbean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2E4E525",null,null,"America = coast of South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/156/mode/1up","Rynchops nigra"],["4392","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rynchops niger cinerascens","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.80, pl.102",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Orinoco and Amazon river systems to northern and western Colombia and western Ecuador; winters to coasts",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36369A80",null,null,"Amazon River, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/94/mode/1up","Rhynchops cinerascens"],["4393","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rynchops niger intercedens","Saunders, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds large rivers of eastern Paraguay and eastern Brazil southward to southern Buenos Aires Province (north-central Argentina); winters to coasts",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14BC5CD1",null,null,"Coast of southern Brazil and Argentina, the Parand and Paraguay Rivers; type from São Paulo, Brazil.","Some remarks upon the Skimmers (Rhynchopinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/252/mode/1up","Rhynchops intercedens"],["4394","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rynchops flavirostris","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.338","African Skimmer","African Skimmer","African Skimmer",null,null,"breeds major rivers and lakes of tropical Africa; non-breeders also on coasts",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694262","afrski1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrski1","avibase-907B1140",null,null,"'Australasie,' error = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/358/mode/1up","Rhyncops flavirostris"],["4395","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rynchops albicollis","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.360","Indian Skimmer","Indian Skimmer","Indian Skimmer",null,null,"breeds very locally on major rivers, now mainly north-central and east-central India and central Myanmar; winters to coast of northwestern Indian Peninsula and Bay of Bengal",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694268","indski1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indski1","avibase-88151F23",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/372/mode/1up","Rhynchops albicollis"],["4396","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gygis","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1223",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sterna candida [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/658/mode/1up","Gygis"],["4397","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gygis alba","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 pl.11","Atlantic White Tern","Atlantic White-Tern","Atlantic White Tern","2025-0914","Three species are recognized in the <em>Gygis alba sensu lato </em>complex based on differences in size, proportions, bill coloration, and vocalizations (Pratt 2020): monotypic <em>G. alba</em>; polytypic <em>G. candida </em>(including <em>leucopes</em>); and monotypic <em>G. microrhyncha</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Yeung et al. 2009; Thibault &amp; Cibois 2017) indicate little divergence among these species, perhaps due to recent introgressive hybridisation; further research needed.","Fernando de Noronha, Trindade, Martin Vas Rocks, Ascension, and St. Helena islands (tropical South Atlantic Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216558622","whiter3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiter3","avibase-38B88F11",null,null,"East Indies, Cape of Good Hope and Islands of the Pacific Ocean = Ascension Island, designated by Mathews, antea, p. 441.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/57/mode/1up","Sterna alba"],["4398","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gygis candida","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.607","Blue-billed White Tern","Blue-billed White-Tern","Common White Tern","2025-0914","Three species are recognized in the <em>Gygis alba sensu lato </em>complex based on differences in size, proportions, bill coloration, and vocalizations (Pratt 2020): monotypic <em>G. alba</em>; polytypic <em>G. candida </em>(including <em>leucopes</em>); and monotypic <em>G. microrhyncha</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Yeung et al. 2009; Thibault &amp; Cibois 2017) indicate little divergence among these species, perhaps due to recent introgressive hybridisation; further research needed.","Seychelles, Mascarenes, Chagos, and Maldives (Indian Ocean), and islands of southern Pacific from Iwo (Volcano) Islands (far southern Japan), islands off New Guinea, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, and Kermadec to Hawaiian Islands (all island groups), Clipperton, Cocos, and Malpelo islands, and Henderson and Ducie Islands (Pitcairn Islands, eastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216558801","whiter4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiter4","avibase-0E429338",null,null,"Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/108/mode/1up","Sterna Candida"],["4399","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gygis candida leucopes","Holyoak & Thibault, 1976","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 44 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"Henderson and Ducie islands (Pitcairn Islands, eastern Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4C855E8",null,null,"Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group","La variation géographique de Gygis alba.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1976_T044_N004","Gygis alba leucopes"],["4400","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gygis candida candida","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.607",null,null,null,null,null,"Seychelles and Mascarene islands, Chagos and Maldives (Indian Ocean), and islands of southern Pacific from Iwo (Volcano) Islands (far southern Japan), islands off New Guinea, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, and Kermadec to Hawaiian Islands (all island groups), Clipperton, Cocos, and Malpelo islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AF5F3C4",null,null,"Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/108/mode/1up","Sterna Candida"],["4401","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gygis microrhyncha","Saunders, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.668 fig.5","Little White Tern","Little White-Tern","Little White Tern","2025-0914","Three species are recognized in the <em>Gygis alba sensu lato </em>complex based on differences in size, proportions, bill coloration, and vocalizations (Pratt 2020): monotypic <em>G. alba</em>; polytypic <em>G. candida </em>(including <em>leucopes</em>); and monotypic <em>G. microrhyncha</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Yeung et al. 2009; Thibault &amp; Cibois 2017) indicate little divergence among these species, perhaps due to recent introgressive hybridisation; further research needed.","breeds in native and exotic forest in Marquesas Islands; formerly also Phoenix and Line islands, and prehistorically westward to Micronesia and Samoa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694830","whiter5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiter5","avibase-850AB2F1",null,null,"Marquesas Islands.","On the Sterninae, or Terns, with Descriptions of three new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/812/mode/1up","Gygis microrhyncha"],["4402","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anous niger [Stephens, 1826]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 79). = Sterna stolida Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/189/mode/1up","Anous"],["4403","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous stolidus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.137","Brown Noddy","Brown Noddy","Brown Noddy",null,null,"widespread on tropical and subtropical islands of all oceans; ranges out to sea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694794","brnnod","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnnod","avibase-A070171E",null,null,"'Americae pelago ' = West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up","Sterna stolida"],["4404","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous stolidus pileatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"islands from Red Sea and Seychelles in Indian Ocean eastward to southern Ryukyu, Torishima, Ogasawara (Bonin), and Iwo (Volcano) islands (southern Japan) and through Polynesia to Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern and all main islands), and Easter Island group",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E19D6793",null,null,"No locality = Philippines, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Sterna pileata"],["4405","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous stolidus galapagensis","Sharpe, 1879","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 168 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECFC6DF3",null,null,"Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, Galápagos Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77050#page/485/mode/1up","Anous galapagensis"],["4406","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous stolidus ridgwayi","Anthony, 1898","The Auk 15, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off western Mexico (Tres Marias, Socorro, and Clipperton, Cocos Island (off Costa Rica), and Malpelo and Gorgona (off Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83701A36",null,null,"Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands [Mexico]. May 5, 1897","Two new birds from the Pacific coast of America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss1/8/","Anous stolidus ridgwayi"],["4407","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous stolidus stolidus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf of Guinea to Cameroon, southern Atlantic islands from Trindade southward to Tristan da Cunha group, and throughout Caribbean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF2DD9D5",null,null,"'Americae pelago ' = West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up","Sterna stolida"],["4408","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous tenuirostris","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.34, vol.5 pl.202","Lesser Noddy","Lesser Noddy","Lesser Noddy",null,null,"tropical and subtropical Indian Ocean islands from Seychelles and Mascarenes to Chagos and Maldives (west-central Indian Ocean) and Houtman Abrolhos Islands (west of western Australia) and Ashmore Reef (northwest of Australia; race?); winters to east Africa, Comoros, and northern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694805","lesnod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesnod1","avibase-03F9EB15",null,null,"Senegal, error = Seychelles, substituted by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 210.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/561/mode/1up","Sterna tenuirostris"],["4409","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous tenuirostris tenuirostris","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.34, vol.5 pl.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Seychelles, Mascarenes, Chagos, and Maldives (tropical Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E09FDCAD",null,null,"Senegal, error = Seychelles, substituted by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 210.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/561/mode/1up","Sterna tenuirostris"],["4410","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous tenuirostris melanops","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.152 p.103-104",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off Western Australia (Houtman Abrolhos and Ashmore Reef); formerly also Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44E2F275",null,null,"Houtman Abrolhos, West Australia.","On the genus Anous, Leach.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/317/mode/1up","Anous melanops"],["4411","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus","Boie, 1844","Isis von Oken 37, heft 3 col.188","Black Noddy","Black Noddy","Black Noddy",null,null,"tropical and subtropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans, very locally northeastern Indian Ocean and Caribbean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694799","blknod","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blknod","avibase-C67DCF31",null,null,"New Holland = Raine Island, Australia, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47569#page/106/mode/1up","Anous minutus"],["4412","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus worcesteri","(McGregor, 1911)","The Philippine Journal of Science 6 Sect.D p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Cavili Island and Tubbataha Reef (Sulu Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35C7C490",null,null,"Cavilli Island, Sulu Sea.","Record of a Puffinus new to Philippine waters and description of a new species of Micranous.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107005#page/315/mode/1up","Micranous worcesteri"],["4413","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus minutus","Boie, 1844","Isis von Oken 37, heft 3 col.188",null,null,null,null,null,"islets of Ashmore Reef (northwest of Australia), northeastern Australia, eastern New Guinea satellites, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, Kermadec Islands (New Zealand) through Melanesia to Pitcairn group (eastern Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B386C82",null,null,"New Holland = Raine Island, Australia, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47569#page/106/mode/1up","Anous minutus"],["4414","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus marcusi","(Bryan, 1903)","Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 2 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Marcus Island (Iwo Islands, far southeastern Japan) and Wake Island through Micronesia to Caroline Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C921EFBE",null,null,"Marcus Island.","A monograph of Marcus Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31459#page/119/mode/1up","Micranous marcusi"],["4415","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus melanogenys","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.21 p.661, pl.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Hawaiian Islands (throughout)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12F4CD1B",null,null,"No locality, but figure agrees with the Hawaiian form.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/418/mode/1up","Anous melanogenys"],["4416","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus diamesus","(Heller & Snodgrass, 1901)","The Condor 3, no.3 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Clipperton Island (off western Mexico) and Cocos Island (off Costa Rica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45E237C2",null,null,"Cocos Island.","Descriptions of Two New Species and Three New Subspecies of Birds From the Eastern Pacific, Collected by the Hopkins-Stanford Expedition to the Galapagos Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol3/iss3/10/","Micranous diamesus"],["4417","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus americanus","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"Anguilla (Lesser Antilles), Caribbean islands off Central America and Venezuela; formerly islands eastward of Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B9B77FD",null,null,"Caribbean Sea, British Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/543/mode/1up","Megalopterus minutus americanus"],["4418","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous minutus atlanticus","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Paul, Fernando de Noronha, and Martim Vaz (off northeastern Brazil), Ascension and St. Helena (tropical Atlantic Ocean), and Gulf of Guinea islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54BA28F5",null,null,"Ascension Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/543/mode/1up","Megalopterus minutus atlanticus"],["4419","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous albivitta","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.773","Grey Noddy","Gray Noddy","Grey Noddy","2025-N036","<em>Anous albivittus</em> has also been used. The name <em>albivitta</em> is a noun in apposition and hence inalienable. It should remain <em>albivitta</em> regardless of genus context.","subtropical South Pacific from Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (far east of Australia), Kermadec Islands (northeast of New Zealand) to sotheastern Polynesia and islands far west of northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733705","grynod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grynod1","avibase-26DE68F8",null,null,"Lord Howe Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/783/mode/1up","Procelsterna albivitta"],["4420","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous albivitta albivitta","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.773",null,null,null,null,null,"Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia), Kermadec islands (northeast of New Zealand), and Tonga",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81782EAB",null,null,"Lord Howe Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/783/mode/1up","Procelsterna albivitta"],["4421","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous albivitta skottsbergii","(Lönnberg, 1921)","The natural history of Juan Fernández and Easter Island 3 Zool., Pt1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Henderson Island, Easter Island, and Salas y Gómez Island (southeastern Pacific)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C665FEAF",null,null,"Easter Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91170#page/32/mode/1up","Procelsterna caerulea skottsbergii"],["4422","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous albivitta imitatrix","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"San Ambrosio and San Félix, Desventuradas Islands (off northern Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72F4876C",null,null,"St. Ambrose Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/553/mode/1up","Procelsterna cerulea imitatrix"],["4423","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous ceruleus","(Bennett, 1840)","Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, from the year 1833 to 1836 2 p.248","Blue Noddy","Blue-gray Noddy","Blue Noddy",null,null,"tropical Pacific Ocean islands from far southeastern Japan and Micronesia to Gambier Islands (eastern Tuamotu Archipelago, Marquesas Islands, and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727746","bugnod","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bugnod","avibase-D021AB6A",null,null,"Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/59619#page/264/mode/1up","Sterna Cerulea"],["4424","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous ceruleus saxatilis","(Fisher, 1903)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1322 p.559",null,null,null,null,null,"Marcus Island (southeastern Japan) and northern Marshall Islands eastward to Northwestern Hawaiian Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F450D42A",null,null,"Necker Island, Hawaiian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/619/mode/1up","Procelsterna saxatilis"],["4425","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous ceruleus ceruleus","(Bennett, 1840)","Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, from the year 1833 to 1836 2 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"Kiritimati (Christmas) Island (Kiribati, Line Islands) and Marquesas Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0294223",null,null,"Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/59619#page/264/mode/1up","Sterna Cerulea"],["4426","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous ceruleus nebouxi","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"Ellice Island to Phoenix Islands, Fiji, and Samoa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C6D5117",null,null,"Ellice Group, Phoenix Group and Samoa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/553/mode/1up","Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi"],["4427","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous ceruleus teretirostris","(de Lafresnaye, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"Tuamotu Archipelago, Cook, Austral, and Society islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F260102C",null,null,"No locality; Paumotu Group designated as type locality by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, p. 430.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/250/mode/1up","Sterna teretirostris"],["4428","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Anous ceruleus murphyi","(Mougin & de Naurois, 1981)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 51 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambier Islands (southeastern Tuamotus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD26628",null,null,"île Manui (archipel des Gambier). Collecté par J.-L. Moua, le 7 mai 1966","Le Noddi bleu des îles Gambier Procelsterna caerulea murphyi ssp. nov.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/322148#page/29/mode/1up","Procelsterna cerulea murphyi"],["4429","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.277",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sterna serrata [Forster]; type by monotypy = Sterna serrata Wagler, 1830",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/157/mode/1up","Onychoprion"],["4430","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion aleuticus","(Baird, 1869)","Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1 p.321 pl.31 fig.1","Aleutian Tern","Aleutian Tern","Aleutian Tern",null,null,"breeds North Pacific coasts from Sakhalin, Sea of Okhotsk, and Kamchatka (eastern Russia) eastward through Aleutians and to southwestern Alaska; winters coastal Thailand and Philippines eastward to New Guinea and east-central Australia; migrates along western North Pacific coast via Japan southward to Taiwan",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694716","aleter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aleter1","avibase-BEE4F34A",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.",null,"https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Transactions_of_the_Chicago_Academy_of_S/sCHSAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=inauthor:%22Chicago+Academy+Of+Sciences%22&printsec=frontcover","Sterna aleutica"],["4431","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion fuscatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.228","Sooty Tern","Sooty Tern","Sooty Tern",null,null,"widespread in all tropical and subtropical oceans",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694740","sooter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sooter1","avibase-3E7F825D",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/232/mode/1up","Sterna fuscata"],["4432","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion fuscatus fuscatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal (erratic) and Gulf of Guinea; South Atlantic Ocean to Ascension and St. Helena (tropical Atlantic Ocean); Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-655D30EE",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/232/mode/1up","Sterna fuscata"],["4433","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion fuscatus nubilosus","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.63 pl.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Red Sea and the Malagasy region through Indian Ocean eastward to southern Ryukyu Islands and Torishima to Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) islands (southern Japan) and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BCFA94A",null,null,"Finland, error = 'India Orien talis ' according to Sundevall.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/63/mode/1up","Sterna nubilosa"],["4434","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion fuscatus serratus","(Wagler, 1830)","Natürliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie p.89,note",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, Torres Strait islands, and western and northern Australia eastward through Norfolk and Kermadec islands, and the southern Pacific to Easter Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6E11614",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120243#page/101/mode/1up","Sterna serrata"],["4435","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion fuscatus oahuensis","(Bloxam, 1827)","Voyage of H. M. S. Blonde to the Sandwich Islands, in the years 1824-1825 [\"1826\"], App.3 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands to Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern and Moku Manu islet off Oahu) and southward to Kiritimati (Line Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-485B3F06",null,null,"Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276684#page/303/mode/1up","Sterna Oahuensis"],["4436","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion fuscatus crissalis","(Lawrence, 1872)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 14 p.285, 301",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off western Mexico, Central America, and Colombia, and Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-523168EA",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands, breeding on Isabel Island, near San Blas. Type from Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Group, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130634#page/293/mode/1up","Haliplana fuliginosa var. crissalis"],["4437","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion fuscatus luctuosus","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1866)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 32, bd.1 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Salas y Gómez and Desventuradas (off northern Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECFD3198",null,null,"Río de Valdivia, between Corral and Valdivia, Chili",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31351#page/135/mode/1up","Sterna luctuosa"],["4438","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion lunatus","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.227","Spectacled Tern","Gray-backed Tern","Grey-backed Tern",null,null,"breeds islets of tropical Pacific from Marianas and Samoa eastward to main Hawaiian Islands; ranges to northeastern Melanesia and far eastern Polynesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694722","gybter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybter1","avibase-1A965D60",null,null,"Vincennes Island, Paumotu Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/247/mode/1up","Sterna lunata"],["4439","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion anaethetus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.92","Bridled Tern","Bridled Tern","Bridled Tern",null,null,"widespread tropical and subtropical islands, mostly near continents but also remote islands of eastern Polynesia and Hawaiian Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694730","briter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/briter1","avibase-E6518B9D",null,null,"'In Guinea' = Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Sterna Anaethetus"],["4440","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion anaethetus melanopterus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets off southern Morocco, Mauritania, and Senegal, and Gulf of Guinea, and throughout Caribbean; non-breeders range northward to New England in Gulf Stream",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3944A61C",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/307/mode/1up","Sterna melanoptera"],["4441","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion anaethetus antarcticus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.621",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets from Red Sea southward to Malagasy region and Indian Ocean eastward to the Maldives and Chagos Islands, and locally islets off Maharashtra (western India) and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEABEF16",null,null,"Mauritius and Calcutta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/659/mode/1up","Sterna antarctica"],["4442","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion anaethetus anaethetus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets from west of Thailand eastward through central and southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) and Philippines, and southward to northern Australia (southwestern Australia to northeastern New South Wales) and Samoa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22DEDFDB",null,null,"'In Guinea' = Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Sterna Anaethetus"],["4443","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Onychoprion anaethetus nelsoni","(Ridgway, 1919)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.8 p.487,514",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets off western Mexico, Central America, and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-078996CF",null,null,"Sihuatanejo, Guerrero, Mexico.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VIII. Families Jacanidae, Rdicnemidae, Haematopodidae, Arenariidae, Aphrizidae, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, Phalaropidae, Recurvirostridae, Rhynchopidae, Sternidae, Laridae, Stercorariidae, Alcidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32831#page/511/mode/1up","Sterna anaetheta nelsoni"],["4444","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.563",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sterna minuta [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Sterna albifrons Pallas, 1764",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/290/mode/1up","Sternula"],["4445","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula balaenarum","Strickland, 1853","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.160","Damara Tern","Damara Tern","Damara Tern",null,null,"breeds coastal Namibia to Cape Province; winters to northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694699","damter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/damter2","avibase-9F9A13D8",null,null,"Damaraland, SW Africa","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/210/mode/1up","Sternula balaenarum"],["4446","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula nereis","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.140","Fairy Tern","Fairy Tern","Fairy Tern",null,null,"western to southeastern Australia, northern North Island (New Zealand), and New Caledonia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694691","faiter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faiter2","avibase-67D8B0BA",null,null,"Bass Strait.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/292/mode/1up","Sternula nereis"],["4447","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula nereis exsul","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Caledonia, and Coral and Swains Reef islands (off north-eastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27922F7D",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/495/mode/1up","Sternula nereis exsul"],["4448","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula nereis davisae","Mathews & Iredale, 1913","Ibis ser.10, vol.1, no.2 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"very local, coastal northeastern North Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16B4F984",null,null,"New Zealand.","A Reference List of the Birds of New Zealand. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85342#page/520/mode/1up","Sternula nereis davisae"],["4449","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula nereis nereis","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western and southern Australia (Pilbara region of Western Australia eastward to central New South Wales), including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F52DCE0B",null,null,"Bass Strait.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/292/mode/1up","Sternula nereis"],["4450","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula albifrons","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.6 no.271","Little Tern","Little Tern","Little Tern",null,null,"breeds southwestern Europe and southwestern Russia, central Asia, Mongolia to southeastern Russia, Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), eastern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; northern and western Africa; Persian Gulf and Iraq to Indus Valley (Pakistan) and Gangetic Plain (north-central India); Sri Lanka; Gulf of Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Singapore, and islands off Greater Sundas; off New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago), Bougainville (northern Solomon Archipelago); coastal Australia including Tasmania; and Saipan (southern Northern Mariana Islands, northwestern Micronesia); winters in southern portions of range",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694656","litter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litter1","avibase-17310BF0",null,null,"Maassche Land (Holland).",null,null,"Sterna albifrons"],["4451","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula albifrons albifrons","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.6 no.271",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe and northern Africa to central Asia; winters to African coast and to western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2159963",null,null,"Maassche Land (Holland).",null,null,"Sterna albifrons"],["4452","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula albifrons guineae","(Bannerman, 1931)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coast and Niger River basin, Mauritania to Gabon, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B478DDF5",null,null,"Loko, Benue River, Nigeria.","Description of a new race of the Little Tern.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/102/mode/1up","Sterna albifrons guineae"],["4453","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula albifrons placens","Gould, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.45 p.192-193",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal eastern Australia including Tasmania; ranges to Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE0197BF",null,null,"Torres Straits.","XXII. Descriptions of two new Species pertaining to the Avifauna of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/206/mode/1up","Sternula placens"],["4454","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula albifrons sinensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.608",null,null,null,null,null,"resident river systems of Pakistan and northern plains of India, Sri Lanka, and eastward to southeastern Asia, Philippines, and northern Australia, and disjunctly in southeastern Siberia, Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), and Saipan (Micronesia) southward to southeastern China; winters Philippines, Malayan Peninsula, Indonesia, coastal New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and western Micronesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3B8DF24",null,null,"China, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/109/mode/1up","Sterna sinensis"],["4455","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula superciliaris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.176","Yellow-billed Tern","Yellow-billed Tern","Yellow-billed Tern",null,null,"breeds large rivers from northern Colombia eastward to Guianas and southward to northeastern Peru and east-central Argentina; non-breeders concentrate mainly on coast and estuaries",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694679","yebter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebter2","avibase-8B4BBC2A",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 415.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/192/mode/1up","Sterna superciliaris"],["4456","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula lorata","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 19 p.612","Peruvian Tern","Peruvian Tern","Peruvian Tern",null,null,"breeds patchily on arid Humboldt Current coasts of central Ecuador southward to northern Chile; winters coastally in same region",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694685","perter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perter2","avibase-F9A32D38",null,null,"Arica Bay, Tacna, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203210#page/626/mode/1up","Sterna lorata"],["4457","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula saundersi","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5 p.324,note,325","Saunders's Tern","Saunders's Tern","Saunders's Tern",null,null,"breeds Red Sea and Persian Gulf to islands between India and Sri Lanka; apparently winters mainly Seychelles to Maldives and Cocos (Keeling) Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694666","sauter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sauter2","avibase-4B21F4D8",null,null,"Karachi, Sind.","Additional Notes on the Birds of Sindh.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/342/mode/1up","Sterna Saundersi"],["4458","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula antillarum","Lesson, 1847","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 20 p.256","Least Tern","Least Tern","Least Tern",null,null,"Great Plains to Texas and northern Louisiana; central California and Gulf of California coasts to Oaxaca (western Mexico), El Salvador, and Nicaragua; western North Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea from Bahamas to Lesser Antilles, islands off Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, and northern Honduras, and islands north of Venezuela; winters to coasts of northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694673","leater1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leater1","avibase-BE78E765",null,null,"Guadeloupe, West Indies.",null,null,"Sternula antillarum"],["4459","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula antillarum athalassos","(Burleigh & Lowery, 1942)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 10 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Great Plains from Montana and North Dakota southward to New Mexico, Louisiana, and Texas; winters to northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFF1059B",null,null,"St. Francisville, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana","An inland race of Sterna albifrons.","https://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1081&context=opmns","Sterna antillarum athalassos"],["4460","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula antillarum antillarum","Lesson, 1847","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 20 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coasts of eastern USA from Maine to Honduras, Caribbean, and the Guianas; winters to northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C228E803",null,null,"Guadeloupe, West Indies.",null,null,"Sternula antillarum"],["4461","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sternula antillarum browni","(Mearns, 1916)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coasts of central California southward to Baja California and Oaxaca (southwestern Mexico); winters to Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5805FD0",null,null,"Near Monument no. 258, boundary between United States and Mexico, south of San Diego, California.","Description of a new subspecies of the American Least Tern.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/97/mode/1up","Sterna antillarum browni"],["4462","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Phaetusa","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1224",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sterna magnirostris [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by monotypy = Sterna simplex J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/658/mode/1up","Phaetusa"],["4463","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Phaetusa simplex","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.606","Large-billed Tern","Large-billed Tern","Large-billed Tern",null,null,"widespread on rivers and lakes east of Andes to north-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694791","labter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labter1","avibase-C3C30D03",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/107/mode/1up","Sterna simplex"],["4464","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Hydroprogne","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.91",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sterna caspia [Pallas, 1770]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1846, The Genera of Birds, 3 (1849), p. [658]).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/119/mode/1up","Hydroprogne"],["4465","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Hydroprogne caspia","(Pallas, 1770)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14, pt.1 p.582, pl.22 fig.2","Caspian Tern","Caspian Tern","Caspian Tern",null,null,"breeds patchily coastal Baltic Sea and inland southeast Europe to western Mongolia and Ussuriland (southeastern Russia) and northeastern China and southern Asian coasts; coastal and inland western and southern Africa; Europa (west of southern Madagascar, Mozambique Channel), coastal Madagascar and Aldabra group (southwestern Seychelles); coastal and inland northern and eastern Australia, coastal New Zealand (North, South and Stewart islands); inland Northwest Territories to northeastern Canada, in south to central California and Great Lakes; winters to coastal Africa, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Vietnam, and southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands); eastern Pacific and Caribbean to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694524","caster1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caster1","avibase-BC06BC0D",null,null,"Mare caspium et circa ostium laïci [=The Caspian Sea and around the mouth of the sea]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113648#page/646/mode/1up","Sterna caspia"],["4466","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon","Brehm, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 10 col.994",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gelochelidon meridionalis [C.L. Brehm, 1830]; type by monotypy = Sterna nilotica J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/527/mode/1up","Gelochelidon"],["4467","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon macrotarsa","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.[37] fig.2","Australian Tern","Australian Tern","Australian Gull-billed Tern","2025-0989","Taxon <em>macrotarsa </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Gelochelidon nilotica</em> based mostly on differences in plumage, morphometrics, and ecology, supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data (Tavares &amp; Baker 2008); further research would be informative.","breeds Australia (except arid areas); ranges to coastal southern New Guinea and Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62026537","gubter3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gubter3","avibase-C5F70BBE",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/157/mode/1up","Sterna macrotarsa"],["4468","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon nilotica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.606","Gull-billed Tern","Gull-billed Tern","Common Gull-billed Tern","2025-0989","Taxon <em>macrotarsa </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Gelochelidon nilotica</em> based mostly on differences in plumage, morphometrics, and ecology, supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data (Tavares &amp; Baker 2008); further research would be informative.","local yet widespread inland, rivers and lakes from southwestern Europe to northeastern China; coastal China; coastal western North Atlantic, and Caribbean; coastal southern California and Mexico; coastal South America and inland north-central Argentina; winters to subtropical and tropical coasts (including northern Australia), worldwide (except remote islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62026481","gubter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gubter2","avibase-87168739",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/107/mode/1up","Sterna nilotica"],["4469","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon nilotica nilotica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.606",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland southern Europe and northern Africa eastward through the Middle East to Inner Mongolia (northeastern China) and southward to Indus Valley (Pakistan); winters tropical Africa and Persian Gulf to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E2DE118",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/107/mode/1up","Sterna nilotica"],["4470","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon nilotica affinis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern Siberia southward to eastern and southeastern China (Bohai Gulf to Guangdong); winters mainly in southeastern Asia, some reaching the Indian subcontinent and northern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EE3F972",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/218/mode/1up","Sterna affinis"],["4471","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon nilotica aranea","(Wilson, 1814)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 8 p.143 pl.72 fig.6",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal New England southward to southeastern Mexico, Greater Antilles, and Virgin Islands; winters Central America to Peru and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D9F8C8E",null,null,"Cape May, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175758#page/167/mode/1up","Sterna aranea"],["4472","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi","Bancroft, 1929","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 5 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds California to northern Baja California and Sinaloa northwestern Mexico; winters to Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20E2BF4C",null,null,"Salton Sea, Imperial County, California.","A new Pacific race of Gull-billed Tern.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25382#page/400/mode/1up","Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi"],["4473","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Gelochelidon nilotica gronvoldi","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds patchily coasts and rivers from Ecuador and French Guiana southward to northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4871A57A",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/425/mode/1up","Gelochelidon nilotica gronvoldi"],["4474","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larosterna","Blyth, 1852","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.293",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sterna inca [Lesson & Garnot, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Larosterna"],["4475","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larosterna inca","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 pl.47","Inca Tern","Inca Tern","Inca Tern",null,null,"breeds islands off northern Peru to central Chile; ranges rarely northward to Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694834","incter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/incter1","avibase-FF6C3B9C",null,null,"Lima, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/109/mode/1up","Sterna Inca"],["4476","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias","Rafinesque, 1822","Kentucky Gazette, new series n.s., 1 p.3 col.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sterna melanops [Rafinesque, 1822]; type by monotypy = Sterna surinamensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,null,"Chlidonias"],["4477","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias hybrida","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.338","Whiskered Tern","Whiskered Tern","Whiskered Tern",null,null,"widespread in inland marshes of southern, central, and northeastern Eurasia, eastern and southern Africa, and Australia; winters inland Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694764","whiter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiter2","avibase-7AB4E42B",null,null,"Southern Volga and Sarpa Lake, southeastern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/354/mode/1up","Sterna hybrida"],["4478","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias hybrida hybrida","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern Europe and northwestern Africa eastward to southeastern Siberia, eastern China, and southward to Pakistan and northern valleys and plains of India; winters Africa and southern and southeastern Asia to Malayan Peninsula, Sulawesi, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC97F2DB",null,null,"Southern Volga and Sarpa Lake, southeastern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/354/mode/1up","Sterna hybrida"],["4479","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias hybrida delalandii","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4D72DA1",null,null,"South Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/410/mode/1up","Hydrochelidon leucopareia delalandii"],["4480","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias hybrida javanicus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland Australia (except Tasmania and western deserts); winters northern Australia northward to New Guinea, Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA09D309",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/217/mode/1up","Sterna Javanica"],["4481","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias albostriatus","(Gray, 1845)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.19 pl.21","Black-fronted Tern","Black-fronted Tern","Black-fronted Tern",null,null,"breeds braided riverbeds of South Island; ranges to coastal North and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694750","blfter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfter1","avibase-37868999",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/99/mode/1up","Hydrochelidon albistriata"],["4482","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias leucopterus","(Temminck, 1815)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe ed.1 p.483","White-winged Tern","White-winged Tern","White-winged Tern",null,null,"breeds inland south-central and eastern Europe eastward to north-central Siberia and northeastern China; winters Africa eastward to Philippines, Australia (except western deserts and Tasmania), and New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694782","whwter","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwter","avibase-43CAAEE3",null,null,"Coasts of the Mediterranean.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Manuel_d_ornithologie_ou_Tableau_syst%C3%A8m/1bdm-hKTgpwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA483&printsec=frontcover","Sterna leucoptera"],["4483","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias niger","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.137","Black Tern","Black Tern","Black Tern",null,null,"breeds inland temperate Canada, USA, and Europe to central Asia; winters coasts and offshore waters, western Africa, and Pacific and Caribbean coastal Mexico to northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694787","blkter","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkter","avibase-115AF02D",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, near Upsala, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up","Sterna nigra"],["4484","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias niger niger","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland Europe (except British Isles and northern Scandinavia) to south-central Russia and northwestern Mongolia; winters to coastal Senegal and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3F37B3A",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, near Upsala, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up","Sterna nigra"],["4485","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chlidonias niger surinamensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.604",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds inland west-central Northwest Territories eastward to Maritime Provinces (northwestern to southeastern Canada) southward to central California and Maine; winters coastal Mexico to Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C46C59A7",null,null,"Surinam, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/105/mode/1up","Sterna surinamensis"],["4486","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.563",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sterna cantiaca [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 79). = Sterna sandvicensis Latham, 1787",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/290/mode/1up","Thalasseus"],["4487","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus sandvicensis","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.296","Sandwich Tern","Sandwich Tern","Sandwich Tern","2025-0915","Taxon <em>acuflavidus </em>(polytypic, including <em>eurygnathus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Thalasseus sandvicensis</em> based on available evidence. The apparent lack of vocal differences and complex patterns of phenotypic variation require further evaluation. Mitochondrial DNA data (Efe et al. 2009; Collinson et al. 2017) indicate paraphyly within <em>T. sandvicensis</em> but this might result from mtDNA capture as supporting genomic data are lacking. A comprehensive review of phenotypic and genetic variation in this complex is needed.","breeds coastal northwestern to southeastern Europe from British Isles and Baltic Sea to eastern Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas; coastal western North Atlantic from Virginia to Florida, Gulf of Mexico to southern Texas, Campeche Bank (north of Yucatan Peninsula), Belize cays, and West Indies; and islands off Venezuela and the Guianas, coastal eastern Brazil, east-central and southeastern Argentina; winters to coastal southwestern Europe and Mediterranean to Africa, Persian Gulf, India, and Sri Lanka; and to southern Peru and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694591","santer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/santer1","avibase-F7504353",null,null,"Sandwich, Kent, England, based on the Sandwich Tern, Gen. Syn., 5, p. 356.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/334/mode/1up","Sterna sandvicensis"],["4488","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Europe from British Isles eastward to Baltic Sea and southward to eastern Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas; winters coastal southwestern Europe and Mediterranean to Africa, Persian Gulf, India, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04B49AE7",null,null,"Sandwich, Kent, England, based on the Sandwich Tern, Gen. Syn., 5, p. 356.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/334/mode/1up","Sterna sandvicensis"],["4489","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus sandvicensis acuflavidus","(Cabot, 1847)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 2 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Atlantic from Virginia southward to Florida, Gulf of Mexico to southern Texas, Campeche Bank (east-central Mexico), Belize cays, and West Indies; winters to southern Peru and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F314663",null,null,"Tancah, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37031#page/265/mode/1up","Sterna acuflavida"],["4490","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus","(Saunders, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.654 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off Venezuela and the Guianas, and coastal eastern Brazil to southeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDB17CB6",null,null,"Santa Catharina, Brazil.","On the Sterninae, or Terns, with Descriptions of three new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/798/mode/1up","Sterna eurygnatha"],["4491","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus elegans","(Gambel, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.129","Elegant Tern","Elegant Tern","Elegant Tern",null,null,"breeds islands off southwestern California and Baja California and Gulf of California (northwestern Mexico); post-breeding dispersal to coastal northern California, and wintering southward along Pacific coast to central Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694552","eleter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eleter1","avibase-3F9E1C51",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/153/mode/1up","Sterna elegans"],["4492","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bernsteini","(Schlegel, 1864)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.5 Sternae no.24 p.9","Chinese Crested Tern","Chinese Crested Tern","Chinese Crested Tern",null,null,"breeds very locally islets off coastal Fujian, eastern China, and southwestern South Korea; winter range poorly known but mainly coastal southeastern China, Taiwan, northern Philippines, and coastal Seram (southern Moluccas); very rare",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694585","chcter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcter2","avibase-FCEF84DC",null,null,"Kaou, eastern coast of Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51710#page/233/mode/1up","Sterna bernsteini"],["4493","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bergii","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.80","Greater Crested Tern","Greater Crested Tern","Greater Crested Tern",null,null,"coasts of southwestern Africa, North Indian Ocean and marginal seas, through Indonesian and Australian waters from far southern Japan (Senkaku Islands, west of central Ryukyu Islands, and Nishinoshima, western Ogasawara Islands) to eastern Polynesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694571","grcter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcter1","avibase-526978C4",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/100/mode/1up","Sterna Bergii"],["4494","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bergii bergii","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Africa (Namibia to Mozambique)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C03F9051",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/100/mode/1up","Sterna Bergii"],["4495","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bergii thalassinus","(Stresemann, 1914)","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tanzania, Seychelles, Aldabra, Rodrigues, and northern Madagascar; disperses north to Somalia, and southward to southern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-594364B0",null,null,"Goilon, Rodriguez Island.","Die Vögel von Seran (Ceram).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/73/mode/1up","Sterna bergii thalassina"],["4496","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bergii velox","(Cretzschmar, 1827)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel [\"1826\"] p.21 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea and northwestern Somalia to Maldives, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3650330",null,null,"Red Sea Coasts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/207/mode/1up","Sterna Velox"],["4497","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bergii cristatus","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt.1 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) to Philippines, Sundas, Wallacea, New Guinea, Australia, and the tropical Pacific Ocean (to southeastern Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E512E0",null,null,"China and many of the southeastern islands of Asia; restricted type locality, China.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/198/mode/1up","Sterna cristata"],["4498","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus maximus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.58","Royal Tern","Royal Tern",null,"2025-0916","Taxon <em>albididorsalis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Thalasseus maximus</em> based on differences in morphology and vocalizations (Dufour &amp; Crochet 2020), as well as genetics (Collinson et al. 2017). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data both indicate that <em>T. maximus sensu lato</em> is not monophyletic, with <em>albididorsalis </em>being more closely aligned with <em>T. bengalensis</em>.","breeds coastal southern California and Gulf of California to Sinaloa and Islas Tres Marias, and Atlantic from Virginia southward to Florida, Gulf of Mexico to southern Texas, and Caribbean including peripheral islands southeastward to French Guiana, and disjunctly coastal southern Brazil, Uruguay, and east-central Argentina",null,null,null,"royter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/royter1","avibase-719935EF",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 988.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/80/mode/1up","Sterna maxima"],["4499","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus albididorsalis","(Hartert, 1921)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.1698","West African Crested Tern","West African Crested Tern",null,"2025-0916","Taxon <em>albididorsalis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Thalasseus maximus</em> based on differences in morphology and vocalizations (Dufour &amp; Crochet 2020), as well as genetics (Collinson et al. 2017). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data both indicate that <em>T. maximus sensu lato</em> is not monophyletic, with <em>albididorsalis </em>being more closely aligned with <em>T. bengalensis</em>.","breeds coastal Mauritania to Guinea; winters to Morocco and Namibia",null,null,null,"royter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/royter2","avibase-CF8461BF",null,null,"Bale du Levrier, Cape Blanco, Morocco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/924/mode/1up","Sterna maxima albididorsalis"],["4500","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bengalensis","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.621","Lesser Crested Tern","Lesser Crested Tern","Lesser Crested Tern",null,null,"breeds disjunctly, coasts of south-central Mediterranean, Indian Ocean and marginal seas, and northern Australia; winters to subtropical and tropical Old World waters from northwestern Africa to New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694561","lecter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lecter2","avibase-D01CDECD",null,null,"Coasts of India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/659/mode/1up","Sterna bengalensis"],["4501","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bengalensis emigratus","(Neumann, 1934)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band2 no.8 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Libya; winters off northern and western African coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5F683B3",null,null,"Tanger, Marroco [=Morocco]","Drei neue geographische Rassen aus dem paläarktischen Gebiet.","https://www.zobodat.at/publikation_articles.php?id=205434","Sterna bengalensis emigrata"],["4502","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bengalensis bengalensis","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.621",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Red Sea and Persian Gulf eastward to Sind (southern Pakistan) and (perhaps) Lakshadweep and Maldives (Indian Ocean) and Odisha (Bay of Bengal); winters to coastal southern Africa, Seychelles, Malagasy region, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E83B181",null,null,"Coasts of India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/659/mode/1up","Sterna bengalensis"],["4503","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Thalasseus bengalensis torresii","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi to New Guinea and northern Australia (Pilbara region to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFB4C4CC",null,null,"Port Essington.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/292/mode/1up","Thalasseus Torresii"],["4504","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sterna hirundo [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up","Sterna"],["4505","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna aurantia","Gray, 1831","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.5 pl.69, fig.2","River Tern","River Tern","River Tern",null,null,"rivers of Indus Valley (Pakistan), sub-Himalayan India, northwestern and central Myanmar, southwestern China, and southeastern Cambodia (formerly also southern Vietnam)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694537","rivter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rivter1","avibase-A874F334",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/151/mode/1up","Sterna aurantia"],["4506","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna acuticauda","Gray, 1831","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.6 pl.70 fig.3","Black-bellied Tern","Black-bellied Tern","Black-bellied Tern",null,null,"inland Indus Valley (Pakistan), sub-Himalayan India and Ayeyarwady River (central Myanmar); formerly to southern China and Vietnam",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694711","blbter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbter1","avibase-807E1277",null,null,"No type locality in original description. Following Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 3: 57 where its type locality is designated as 'Cawnpore, India' [=Kanpur, India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/153/mode/1up","Sterna acuticauda"],["4507","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna forsteri","Nuttall, 1834","A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, 1st ed. ed. 1, vol. 2 p.274","Forster's Tern","Forster's Tern","Forster's Tern",null,null,"breeds inland central Alberta eastward to central Manitoba (south-central Canada) patchily southward to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), Colorado, and the Great Lakes, also North Atlantic coast from New Jersey to North Carolina, and Gulf coast southward to northern Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico); winters to Gulf coast, Bahamas, Cuba, and southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694646","forter","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forter","avibase-D13B9122",null,null,"Banks of the Saskatchewan between Cumberland House and Lake Winnipeg, ex Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am., 2, 1831, p. 412.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28918#page/292/mode/1up","Sterna Forsteri"],["4508","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna trudeaui","Audubon, 1838","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.82 pl.409, fig.2","Snowy-crowned Tern","Snowy-crowned Tern","Snowy-crowned Tern",null,null,"coastal lagoons and marshes of coastal Aconcagua to Llanquihue (central Chile) and southeastern Brazil and Uruguay to inland east-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694651","truter","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/truter","avibase-98FBF9CA",null,null,"Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/420/","Sterna Trudeaui"],["4509","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna paradisaea","Pontoppidan, 1763","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.622","Arctic Tern","Arctic Tern","Arctic Tern",null,null,"breeds circumpolarly, Arctic coasts and inland, from Greenland, Iceland, and British Isles eastward to Kamchatka (eastern Russia), through Aleutians, Alaska mainland through Arctic and subarctic Canada to southeastern Canada; winters subantarctic and Antarctic Ocean to edge of pack-ice",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694629","arcter","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcter","avibase-BDC5CF80",null,null,"No type locality = Christiansoe, Denmark, ex Brünnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 46.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B726%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Sterna Paradisaea"],["4510","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna hirundinacea","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.621","South American Tern","South American Tern","South American Tern",null,null,"coasts and islands of southern South America and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694618","soater1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soater1","avibase-ECAE1DA1",null,null,"Coasts of Brazil, i.e. State of Santa Catharina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/659/mode/1up","Sterna hirundinacea"],["4511","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna virgata","Cabanis, 1875","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.132 p.449","Kerguelen Tern","Kerguelen Tern","Kerguelen Tern",null,null,"subantarctic islands of western and central South Indian Ocean: Crozet, Prince Edward, and Kerguelen islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694641","kerter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kerter1","avibase-754993F1",null,null,"Kerguelen Island.","[Über eine Sammlung von Vögeln welche von S. M. Schiff Gazelle auf den Kerguelen-Inseln zusammengebracht worden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/461/mode/1up","Sterna virgata"],["4512","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna virgata mercuri","Voisin, 1971","Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises 54 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Prince Edward, Marion, and Crozet islands (southern Indian Ocean); largely sedentary",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-506C0209",null,null,"Île de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago","Description de Sterna virgata mercuri de l'Archipel Crozet.",null,"Sterna virgata mercuri"],["4513","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna virgata virgata","Cabanis, 1875","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.132 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"Kerguelen Islands; largely sedentary",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EB808B2",null,null,"Kerguelen Island.","[Über eine Sammlung von Vögeln welche von S. M. Schiff Gazelle auf den Kerguelen-Inseln zusammengebracht worden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/461/mode/1up","Sterna virgata"],["4514","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna vittata","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.609","Antarctic Tern","Antarctic Tern","Antarctic Tern",null,null,"widespread in subantarctic and Antarctic islands of South Atlantic, South Indian, western South Pacific, and Antarctic Peninsula; winters north to southern Brazil and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694635","antter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antter1","avibase-E9C409B5",null,null,"'Insula Nativitatis Christi' = Christmas Harbor, Kerguelen Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/110/mode/1up","Sterna vittata"],["4515","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna vittata tristanensis","Murphy, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.977 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tristan da Cunha and Gough islands (South Atlantic)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC14B478",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha Island; January 17, 1906; Michael J. Nicoll.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 37, On Pan-Antarctic terns.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3821/","Sterna vittata tristanensis"],["4516","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna vittata sanctipauli","Gould, 1865","Handbook to the birds of Australia 2 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Amsterdam and St. Paul islands (southern Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5D7A646",null,null,"St. Paul Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49435#page/411/mode/1up","Sterna melanothynca Sancti-pauli"],["4517","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna vittata georgiae","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds South Georgia, South Orkney, South Sandwich, and Bouvet islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F745060",null,null,"South Georgia.","Neue Arten des Südpolargebiets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/63/mode/1up","Sterna vittata georgiae"],["4518","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna vittata gaini","Murphy, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.977 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula (southward to Marguerite Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC3A93E6",null,null,"Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, off Palmer Land, Antarctica","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 37, On Pan-Antarctic terns.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3821/","Sterna vittata gaini"],["4519","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna vittata vittata","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Prince Edward, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, and Heard islands (southern Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9863C2AC",null,null,"'Insula Nativitatis Christi' = Christmas Harbor, Kerguelen Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/110/mode/1up","Sterna vittata"],["4520","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna vittata bethunei","Buller, 1896","Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 28 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Stewart, Snares, Auckland, Campbell, Bounty, and Antipodes islands (south of New Zealand), Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF0D3481",null,null,"Auckland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22752#page/375/mode/1up","Sterna bethunei"],["4521","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna repressa","Hartert, 1916","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.2 p.288","White-cheeked Tern","White-cheeked Tern","White-cheeked Tern",null,null,"coastal Kenya to Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and coastal Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694705","whcter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcter1","avibase-CF5C013D",null,null,"Fao [=Al-Faw, Iraq], Persian Gulf.","What is the correct name of the Arabian Sea-Tern ?.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/310/mode/1up","Sterna repressa"],["4522","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna hirundo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.137","Common Tern","Common Tern","Common Tern",null,null,"widespread, subarctic, temperate, and locally tropical Northern Hemisphere; winters coastally to southern Africa, western Madagascar, southern Australia, and southeastern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694623","comter","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comter","avibase-4D2FF6F1",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up","Sterna Hirundo"],["4523","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna hirundo hirundo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Azores to Canary islands, inland Europe (except Arctic) eastward to northwestern Siberia and western China, and locally northwestern Africa, also inland Northwest Territories eastward to southeastern Canada and southward to Montana, Great Lakes, and New England, coastal North Atlantic to South Carolina, Bahamas (erratic), and islands north of Venezuela; migrates to southern oceans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A78EF1C8",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up","Sterna Hirundo"],["4524","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna hirundo tibetana","Saunders, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.649",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Asia eastward to Inner Mongolia, southward through Tibetan Plateau from eastern Ladakh to Qinghai; winters to eastern Indian Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1311D9E2",null,null,"Tibet.","On the Sterninae, or Terns, with Descriptions of three new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/793/mode/1up","Sterna tibetana"],["4525","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna hirundo minussensis","Sushkin, 1925","Spisok i raspredelenie ptits Russkogo Altaia i blizhaishikh chastei Severo-Zapadnoi Mongolii: s opisaniem novykh ili maloizvestnykh form p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Siberia to northern Mongolia; winters to Indian Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86D2538C",null,null,"Novoselovo on the Yenessei, Minussinsk district.",null,null,"Sterna hirundo minussensis"],["4526","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna hirundo longipennis","Nordmann, 1835","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia to northeastern China; winters southeastern Asia and Philippines to Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2FD5AFA",null,null,"Mouth of the Kutchui River, Sea of Okhotsk.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false","Sterna longipennis"],["4527","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna sumatrana","Raffles, 1822","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.329","Black-naped Tern","Black-naped Tern","Black-naped Tern",null,null,"islands off tropical Indian and Pacific oceans from Seychelles to Cook Islands (eastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694612","blnter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnter1","avibase-9D6704AC",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/361/mode/1up","Sterna Sumatrana"],["4528","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna sumatrana mathewsi","Stresemann, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra, Amirantes, Chagos, and Maldives (western Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C200DD87",null,null,"Aldabra Islands, type from Île Piquart.","Die Vögel von Seran (Ceram).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/76/mode/1up","Sterna sumatrana mathewsi"],["4529","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna sumatrana sumatrana","Raffles, 1822","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands eastward to eastern China and Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, southward through southeastern Asia to Philippines, Sundas, New Guinea, northern Australia, Micronesia, Melanesia, and west-central Polynesia (eastward to Cook Islands and Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-404DB749",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/361/mode/1up","Sterna Sumatrana"],["4530","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna striata","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.609","White-fronted Tern","White-fronted Tern","White-fronted Tern",null,null,"breeds coastal New Zealand, including Chatham and Auckland islands, also Furneaux group in Bass Strait; winters to southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694607","whfter1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfter1","avibase-E1F9123B",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/110/mode/1up","Sterna striata"],["4531","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna dougallii","Montagu, 1813","Supplement to the Ornithological Dictionary, or Synopsis of British Birds p.notpg'd","Roseate Tern","Roseate Tern","Roseate Tern",null,null,"patchily temperate to tropical Atlantic, tropical Indian, and subtropical to tropical western Pacific to Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694601","roster","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roster","avibase-74236837",null,null,"Cumbrey Islands, Firth of Clyde, Scotland.",null,"https://archive.org/details/supplementtoorn00montgoog/page/n392/mode/2up?q=communis","Sterna Dougallii"],["4532","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna dougallii dougallii","Montagu, 1813","Supplement to the Ornithological Dictionary, or Synopsis of British Birds p.notpg'd",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds patchily, islands and coasts of Azores, British Isles, and western France, Somalia to southern Africa, also coastal southeastern Canada and northeastern USA, Florida Keys, Belize cays, islands off northern Honduras, West Indies, and islands north of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-551C3D33",null,null,"Cumbrey Islands, Firth of Clyde, Scotland.",null,"https://archive.org/details/supplementtoorn00montgoog/page/n392/mode/2up?q=communis","Sterna Dougallii"],["4533","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna dougallii arideensis","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"Seychelles to Madagascar and Rodrigues",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-680CE2C1",null,null,"Aride Island, Seychelles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/466/mode/1up","Sterna dougallii arideensis"],["4534","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna dougallii korustes","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, and Mergui Archipelago (southwestern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2938BB63",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","Contributions to the Ornithology of India. The Islands of the Bay of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/336/mode/1up","Sternula korustes"],["4535","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna dougallii bangsi","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"Arabian Sea, eastern China, and Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) eastward to New Guinea and Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1D9B36A",null,null,"Foochow, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/466/mode/1up","Sterna dougallii bangsi"],["4536","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Sterna dougallii gracilis","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.148 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccan islets and western and northern Australia (southwestern Australia to southeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18760051",null,null,"Houtmann Abrolhos, West Australia.","Description of a new Tern.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/290/mode/1up","Sterna gracilis"],["4537","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Creagrus","Bonaparte, 1854","Naumannia 4 p.211,213,214",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Larus furcatus [Néboux, 1846]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19830#page/225/mode/1up","Creagrus"],["4538","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Creagrus furcatus","(Néboux, 1842)","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas pl.10","Swallow-tailed Gull","Swallow-tailed Gull","Swallow-tailed Gull",null,null,"breeds Galapagos and Malpelo Island (far west of Colombia); winters to Humboldt Current off Ecuador to northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694493","swtgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swtgul1","avibase-07357A25",null,null,"Monterey Bay, California, error = Galápagos Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239184#page/59/mode/1up","Larus furcatus"],["4539","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Hydrocoloeus","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) 1 p.113",null,null,null,"2025-1145","Seven genera are recognized among the <em>Larus </em>gulls based on phylogenetic information obtained from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Pons et al. 2005; Sternkopf 2011; Černý &amp; Natale 2022): polytypic <em>Chroicocephalus</em>; monotypic <em>Saundersilarus</em>, <em>Hydrocoloeus </em>and <em>Rhodostethia</em>; polytypic <em>Leucophaeus</em>, <em>Ichthyaetus</em>, and <em>Larus. </em>Circumscription of genera follows IOC14.2 and Clements v2023.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Larus minutus [Pallas, 1776]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 15).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/141/mode/1up","Hydrocoloeus"],["4540","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Hydrocoloeus minutus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.702","Little Gull","Little Gull","Little Gull",null,null,"breeds Baltic region eastward to Sea of Okhotsk and southward to northern Kazakhstan and northeastern China, also rarely Great Lakes, Hudson and James bays (east-central Canada); winters North Atlantic coasts and North, Mediterranean, Baltic, Black, and Caspian seas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694469","litgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litgul","avibase-F89FD6E3",null,null,"Rivers of Siberia and in Russia, restricted type locality, Beresov, Tobolsk, Siberia, fide Ridgway, op. cit., p. 650.",null,null,"Larus minutus"],["4541","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rhodostethia","MacGillivray, 1842","A manual of British ornithology: being a short description of the birds of Great Britain and Ireland 2 p.252",null,null,null,"2025-1145","Seven genera are recognized among the <em>Larus </em>gulls based on phylogenetic information obtained from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Pons et al. 2005; Sternkopf 2011; Černý &amp; Natale 2022): polytypic <em>Chroicocephalus</em>; monotypic <em>Saundersilarus</em>, <em>Hydrocoloeus </em>and <em>Rhodostethia</em>; polytypic <em>Leucophaeus</em>, <em>Ichthyaetus</em>, and <em>Larus. </em>Circumscription of genera follows IOC14.2 and Clements v2023.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Larus rossii [Richardson, 1825]; type by original designation and monotypy = Larus roseus W. MacGillivray, 1824",null,null,null,"Rhodostethia"],["4542","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rhodostethia rosea","(MacGillivray, 1824)","Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 5, pt.1 p.249","Ross's Gull","Ross's Gull","Ross's Gull",null,null,"breeds western and eastern Greenland (rare), Arctic northeastern Siberia, locally from Taimyr Peninsula to Kolyma River, Arctic northeastern Canada and formerly Churchill, Manitoba (west-central Hudson Bay, east-central Canada); winters Arctic Ocean, in Beaufort (north of Alaska) and Labrador seas (at least)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694476","rosgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rosgul","avibase-4CD353D2",null,null,"No locality = Melville Peninsula, based on specimen taken there on Parry's second voyage.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180240#page/275/mode/1up","Larus roseus"],["4543","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rissa","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt.1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rissa brunnichii [Stephens, 1826]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Larus tridactylus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/238/mode/1up","Rissa"],["4544","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rissa brevirostris","(Bruch, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.2 p.103","Red-legged Kittiwake","Red-legged Kittiwake","Red-legged Kittiwake",null,null,"breeds Commander Islands (southeastern Russia), Aleutian, and Pribilof islands, and St. Matthew Island (northern Bering Sea); winters Bering Sea to ice-edge and south of Aleutians",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694502","relkit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relkit","avibase-58B576ED",null,null,"Northwestern North America.","Monographische Uebersicht der Gattung Laras Lin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/115/mode/1up","Larus (Rissa) brevirostris"],["4545","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rissa tridactyla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136","Black-legged Kittiwake","Black-legged Kittiwake","Black-legged Kittiwake",null,null,"breeds on cliffs of high Arctic to temperate north coasts, from Greenland, Iceland, western Europe, Svalbard (north of Norway), north Siberian island to Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia); Aleutian and Bering Sea islands, western and southwestern Alaska mainland; Canadian high Arctic (northeastern Canada), Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland (southeastern Canada); winters to western North Atlantic coast and coastal waters south to Virginia; mid-Atlantic Ridge to Azores; North Sea; Japan (southward to Honshu) and Korean Peninsula, and southeastern Alaska to southern California",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694497","bklkit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bklkit","avibase-FB4D08F0",null,null,"Northern Europe; restricted type locality. Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus tridactylus"],["4546","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rissa tridactyla tridactyla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coasts from Greenland, Iceland, and northwestern Europe eastward to northwestern Siberian islands, also Canadian high Arctic to Newfoundland (eastern Canada); winters mainly North Atlantic coastal waters southward to Virginia, mid-Atlantic Ridge to Azores, and North Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA11E873",null,null,"Northern Europe; restricted type locality. Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus tridactylus"],["4547","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Rissa tridactyla pollicaris","Ridgway, 1884","Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 13 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coasts from northeastern Siberian islands to Kamchatka, Kuril, and Commander islands (eastern Russia), also Aleutian and Bering Sea islands, and western and southwestern Alaska mainland; winters to coasts and coastal waters off Japan, Korean Peninsula, and southeastern Alaska southward to southern California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E1C68EC",null,null,"Kotzebue Sound, Alaska.","The Water Birds of North America, vol. 2","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25484#page/214/mode/1up","Rissa tridactyla pollicaris"],["4548","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Xema","Leach, 1819","A voyage of discovery, made under the orders of the Admiralty, in His Majesty's ships Isabella and Alexander, for the purpose of exploring Baffin's Bay, and enquiring into the probability of a North-West Passage App.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Larus sabini [Sabine, 1819]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Xema"],["4549","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Xema sabini","(Sabine, 1819)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 12, pt.2 p.522 pl.29","Sabine's Gull","Sabine's Gull","Sabine's Gull",null,null,"breeds patchily on Arctic coasts of Greenland, Svalbard, and Siberia eastward to Chukotka Peninsula, St. Lawrence Island, western and northern Alaska, and Arctic Canada; winters coastal and offshore waters of northern South America to northern Chile and western Africa from Angola to southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694479","sabgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabgul","avibase-86182656",null,null,"Sabine Islands, near Melville Bay, west coast of Greenland.","XXXII. An Account of a new Species of Gull lately discovered on the West Coast of Greenland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13691#page/558/mode/1up","Larus Sabini"],["4550","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Pagophila","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.69,196",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Larus eburneus [Phipps, 1774]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/97/mode/1up","Pagophila"],["4551","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Pagophila eburnea","(Phipps, 1774)","A voyage towards the North Pole undertaken by His Majesty's command 1773 App. p.187","Ivory Gull","Ivory Gull","Ivory Gull",null,null,"breeds high Arctic islands from Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land eastward to Herald Island (northeastern Russia) and northern Canada; winters Arctic Ocean pack-ice edge to southeastern Labrador, Greenland, and Bering seas",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694473","ivogul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ivogul","avibase-FED91A1F",null,null,"Spitsbergen.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52097#page/235/mode/1up","Larus Eburneus"],["4552","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Saundersilarus","Dwight, 1926","The Auk 43, no.2 p.228.",null,null,null,"2025-1145","Seven genera are recognized among the <em>Larus </em>gulls based on phylogenetic information obtained from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Pons et al. 2005; Sternkopf 2011; Černý &amp; Natale 2022): polytypic <em>Chroicocephalus</em>; monotypic <em>Saundersilarus</em>, <em>Hydrocoloeus </em>and <em>Rhodostethia</em>; polytypic <em>Leucophaeus</em>, <em>Ichthyaetus</em>, and <em>Larus. </em>Circumscription of genera follows IOC14.2 and Clements v2023.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chroicocephalus saundersi [Swinhoe, 1871]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A New Name for Saundersia, Dwight","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol43/iss2/13/","Saundersilarus"],["4553","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Saundersilarus saundersi","(Swinhoe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.273 pl.22","Saunders's Gull","Saunders's Gull","Saunders's Gull",null,null,"breeds Yellow Sea coasts from Liaoning to Jiangsu (eastern China) and Songdo (northwestern South Korea); winters coasts of East China Sea from Japan (central Honshu and Ryukyu Islands) and Korean Peninsula to northern Vietnam",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694436","saugul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saugul2","avibase-88BBD516",null,null,"Amoy, China.","On a New Chinese Gull.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/343/mode/1up","Chroicocephalus saundersi"],["4554","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus","Eyton, 1836","A catalogue of British birds, with synonyms p.53",null,null,null,"2025-1145","Seven genera are recognized among the <em>Larus </em>gulls based on phylogenetic information obtained from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Pons et al. 2005; Sternkopf 2011; Černý &amp; Natale 2022): polytypic <em>Chroicocephalus</em>; monotypic <em>Saundersilarus</em>, <em>Hydrocoloeus </em>and <em>Rhodostethia</em>; polytypic <em>Leucophaeus</em>, <em>Ichthyaetus</em>, and <em>Larus. </em>Circumscription of genera follows IOC14.2 and Clements v2023.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Larus capistratus [Temminck, 1820]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 79). = Larus ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,null,"Chroicocephalus"],["4555","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus genei","(di Brème, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.321","Slender-billed Gull","Slender-billed Gull","Slender-billed Gull",null,null,"breeds patchily on coasts and saline lakes from southern Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia, Pakistan, and coastal far northwestern India, also Mauritania and Senegambia; winters to coasts of Arabian Peninsula and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694428","slbgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbgul1","avibase-27CE7132",null,null,"Sardinia.","Nouvelle espèce européenne du genre Larus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/329/mode/1up","Larus Genei"],["4556","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus philadelphia","(Ord, 1815)","A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar; and present state of the several kingdoms of the world. Second American ed. Vol. 2. ed.2(Am.), 2 p.319","Bonaparte's Gull","Bonaparte's Gull","Bonaparte's Gull",null,null,"breeds boreal forest zone from southwestern Alaska mainland across Canada to eastern Quebec (southeastern Canada); winters eastern North Pacific coast southward to west-central Mexico, inland southeastern USA, western North Atlantic coast and offshore Gulf Stream southward to the Bahamas and Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694432","bongul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bongul","avibase-0337440E",null,null,"No locality = near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123750#page/325/mode/1up","Sterna Philadelphia"],["4557","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus ridibundus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.225","Black-headed Gull","Black-headed Gull","Black-headed Gull",null,null,"breeds southern Greenland, Iceland, and western Europe eastward across Russia to Yakutsk region (eastern Russia), southward through Caspian Seato northeastern China, also west-central Newfoundland (southeastern Canada); winters to Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and (rare) eastern North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694420","bkhgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhgul","avibase-FB02DD96",null,null,"European Seas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/229/mode/1up","Larus ridibundus"],["4558","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12, no.29 p.225","Brown-headed Gull","Brown-headed Gull","Brown-headed Gull",null,null,"breeds inland Tibetan Plateau of Tajikistan, Xinjiang (western China), Ladakh (far northwestern India), and Tibet; winters inland and coastal Indian Subcontinent, southwestern China, and western southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694384","bnhgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnhgul1","avibase-C2868E7A",null,null,"West coast of Indian peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176575#page/247/mode/1up","Larus brunnicephalus"],["4559","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus hartlaubii","(Bruch, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.102","Hartlaub's Gull","Hartlaub's Gull","Hartlaub's Gull",null,null,"coastal southwestern Namibia to southwestern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694393","hargul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hargul1","avibase-5941F453",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope and the Indian coasts.","Monographische Uebersicht der Gattung Larus Lin..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/114/mode/1up","Larus (Gavia) Hartlaubii"],["4560","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.502","Grey-headed Gull","Gray-hooded Gull","Grey-headed Gull",null,null,"marshes, lakes, and coasts of Africa and South America, sub-Saharan Africa (except Congolian forest) and Madagascar; coastal Ecuador and Peru; coastal northeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina and inland to Salta in the north and La Pampa in the south (north-central Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694387","grhgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhgul","avibase-6EB497FA",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/512/mode/1up","Larus cirrocephalus"],["4561","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus cirrocephalus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Ecuador and Peru, and inland in large river systems of Paraguay to north-central Argentina; winters to central and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0490414",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/512/mode/1up","Larus cirrocephalus"],["4562","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus poiocephalus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.245 pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts and rivers of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A70DA23",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/301/mode/1up","Larus poiocephalus"],["4563","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus maculipennis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.83","Brown-hooded Gull","Brown-hooded Gull","Brown-hooded Gull",null,null,"breeds inland and coastal southeastern Brazil, central Chile and Argentina southward through Tierra del Fuego, and Falkland Islands; some winter coastally farther north",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694417","brhgul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhgul2","avibase-F8F183DD",null,null,"Montevideo, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/103/mode/1up","Larus maculipennis"],["4564","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus serranus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.314","Andean Gull","Andean Gull","Andean Gull",null,null,"breeds Andean lakes of far southwestern Colombia to south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina; some non-breeders move to adjacent Pacific coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694440","andgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andgul1","avibase-A971CBD4",null,null,"Peru = Puna region of the Valley of Jauja, Junín.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/322/mode/1up","Larus serranus"],["4565","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus bulleri","(Hutton, 1871)","Catalogue of the birds of New Zealand, with diagnoses of the species p.41","Black-billed Gull","Black-billed Gull","Black-billed Gull",null,null,"breeds mostly gravel riverbeds in South Island (New Zealand); winters to varied habitats of southern North Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694413","blbgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbgul1","avibase-1E12A4D6",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52246#page/53/mode/1up","Larus bulleri"],["4566","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt1 p.196","Silver Gull","Silver Gull","Silver Gull",null,null,"inland southern Australia and coastal throughout Australia; coastal New Zealand and outlying islands and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62021891","silgul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silgul2","avibase-AD086862",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/256/mode/1up","Larus Novae Hollandiae"],["4567","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae forsteri","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Northern Territory to east-central Queensland), and New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands; may be limited to New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BC175AF",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Notes sur les Larides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/583/mode/1up","Bruchigavia novae-hollandiae forsteri"],["4568","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt1 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Australia, including Tasmania, northward to east-central Queensland; may be the only subspecies in Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6676FFBD",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/256/mode/1up","Larus Novae Hollandiae"],["4569","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinus","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern New Zealand southward from North to Stewart Island, and inland in central North Island, also Chatham, Snares, Auckland, Campbell, and Bounty islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A66A6635",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/128/mode/1up","Larus scopulinus"],["4570","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus","Bruch, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.2 p.108",null,null,null,"2025-1145","Seven genera are recognized among the <em>Larus </em>gulls based on phylogenetic information obtained from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Pons et al. 2005; Sternkopf 2011; Černý &amp; Natale 2022): polytypic <em>Chroicocephalus</em>; monotypic <em>Saundersilarus</em>, <em>Hydrocoloeus </em>and <em>Rhodostethia</em>; polytypic <em>Leucophaeus</em>, <em>Ichthyaetus</em>, and <em>Larus. </em>Circumscription of genera follows IOC14.2 and Clements v2023.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Larus haematorhynchus [King, 1828]; type by monotypy = Larus scoresbii Traill, 1823",null,"Monographische Uebersicht der Gattung Laras Lin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/120/mode/1up","Leucophaeus"],["4571","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus scoresbii","(Traill, 1823)","Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 4, pt.2 p.514 pl.6 fig.1","Dolphin Gull","Dolphin Gull","Dolphin Gull",null,null,"breeds coasts of southern Chile, Argentina, and Falkland Islands; some move north on coasts",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694271","dolgul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dolgul2","avibase-683C03D9",null,null,"South Shetland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180251#page/564/mode/1up","Larus Scoresbii"],["4572","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus modestus","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.389","Grey Gull","Gray Gull","Grey Gull",null,null,"breeds inland nitrate desert of Chile and at least formerly Peru; ranges to coastal Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694292","grygul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grygul","avibase-804CCA3A",null,null,"Shores of the Pacific Ocean = Lurin, south of Lima, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/399/mode/1up","Larus modestus"],["4573","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus atricilla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136","Laughing Gull","Laughing Gull","Laughing Gull",null,null,"breeds on flat islands off western North Atlantic coast of Maine to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to southern Texas; Gulf of California to Colima (western Mexico); Caribbean, islands off Yucatan Peninsula, and islands north of Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and to French Guiana; winters coastally to northern Peru and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694455","laugul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laugul","avibase-6CDC3C9C",null,null,"America = Bahama Islands, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus Atricilla"],["4574","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus atricilla megalopterus","(Bruch, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.16 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands off western North Atlantic coast of southeastern Canada (sporadic or formerly) southward to Florida and southern Texas, Salton Sea (se California; formerly), and Gulf of California to Colima (western Mexico); some southward movement in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-025853FA",null,null,"Peru und der mexicanische meerbusen [=Peru and the Gulf of Mexico]","Revision der Gattung Laras Lin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/299/mode/1up","Atricilla megalopterus"],["4575","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus atricilla atricilla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds West Indies, islands off Yucatan Peninsula, islands north of Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and to French Guiana; winters to northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-622957AB",null,null,"America = Bahama Islands, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus Atricilla"],["4576","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus pipixcan","(Wagler, 1831)","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.515","Franklin's Gull","Franklin's Gull","Franklin's Gull",null,null,"breeds prairie marshes of western and northern Alberta eastward to southwestern Manitoba, and southward from east-central Oregon to northwestern Minnesota; winters coasts from Ecuador (including Galapagos) to central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694462","fragul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fragul","avibase-57C93A74",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/284/mode/1up","Larus Pipixcan"],["4577","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Leucophaeus fuliginosus","(Gould, 1841)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt15 p.141","Lava Gull","Lava Gull","Lava Gull",null,null,"Galapagos coasts",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694452","lavgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lavgul1","avibase-D97BE642",null,null,"James Island, Galápagos Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/353/mode/1up","Larus fuliginosus"],["4578","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Ichthyaetus","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) 1 p.102",null,null,null,"2025-1145","Seven genera are recognized among the <em>Larus </em>gulls based on phylogenetic information obtained from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Pons et al. 2005; Sternkopf 2011; Černý &amp; Natale 2022): polytypic <em>Chroicocephalus</em>; monotypic <em>Saundersilarus</em>, <em>Hydrocoloeus </em>and <em>Rhodostethia</em>; polytypic <em>Leucophaeus</em>, <em>Ichthyaetus</em>, and <em>Larus. </em>Circumscription of genera follows IOC14.2 and Clements v2023.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Larus ichthyaetus [Pallas, 1773]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/130/mode/1up","Ichthyaëtus"],["4579","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.713","Pallas's Gull","Pallas's Gull","Pallas's Gull",null,null,"breeds patchily on lake islands from Crimea eastward through Kazakhstan and Mongolia to Gansu, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia (west-central China); winters to coasts, landlocked seas, and rivers from Black Sea eastward across Bay of Bengal to Bangladesh and south-central Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694379","gbhgul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbhgul2","avibase-EF930CDC",null,null,"Caspian Sea.",null,null,"Larus Ichthyaetus"],["4580","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Ichthyaetus relictus","(Lönnberg, 1931)","Arkiv för Zoologi 23B no.2 p.2,5","Relict Gull","Relict Gull","Relict Gull",null,null,"breeds lakes of northeastern Kazakhstan eastward to Transbaikalia (southeastern Russia) and Inner Mongolia (northeastern China); winters coasts of Korean Peninsula, Bohai Bay, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694447","relgul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relgul2","avibase-166CE0D7",null,null,"Tsondol, on the Etsingol, southern Gobi.","A remarkable Gull from the Gobi Desert.",null,"Larus melanocephalus relictus"],["4581","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Ichthyaetus audouinii","(Payraudeau, 1826)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 8 p.462","Audouin's Gull","Audouin's Gull","Audouin's Gull",null,null,"breeds coastal southern Portugal and Spain through Mediterranean and associated seas eastward to Cyprus and southern Türkiye; winters southward to coast of Gambia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694313","audgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/audgul1","avibase-F7B9355E",null,null,"Sardinia and Corsica.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux appartenant aux genres Mouette et Cormoran.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29170#page/466/mode/1up","Larus Audouinii"],["4582","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Ichthyaetus melanocephalus","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.777","Mediterranean Gull","Mediterranean Gull","Mediterranean Gull",null,null,"breeds inland southern Britain and eastern Spain eastward to southwestern Russia, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan; winters coasts southern Ireland to west-central Africa, Black Sea, and Mediterranean and associated seas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694443","medgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/medgul1","avibase-052BFA8A",null,null,"Coasts of the Adriatic Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127471#page/349/mode/1up","Larus melanocephalus"],["4583","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.62, vol.5 pl.366","White-eyed Gull","White-eyed Gull","White-eyed Gull",null,null,"breeds islands of Red Sea and associated gulfs; winters through Red Sea and nearby coasts",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694299","whegul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whegul2","avibase-A7F240E3",null,null,"Coasts of the Red Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/581/mode/1up","Larus leucophthalmus"],["4584","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Ichthyaetus hemprichii","(Bruch, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.2 p.106","Sooty Gull","Sooty Gull","Sooty Gull",null,null,"breeds islands of Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Socotra, southward to northern Kenya and eastward to southern Pakistan; winters to central Tanzania including Zanzibar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694303","soogul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soogul2","avibase-67D43542",null,null,"Red Sea.","Monographische Uebersicht der Gattung Laras Lin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/118/mode/1up","Larus (Adelarus) Hemprichii"],["4585","genus","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136",null,null,null,"2025-1145","Seven genera are recognized among the <em>Larus </em>gulls based on phylogenetic information obtained from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Pons et al. 2005; Sternkopf 2011; Černý &amp; Natale 2022): polytypic <em>Chroicocephalus</em>; monotypic <em>Saundersilarus</em>, <em>Hydrocoloeus </em>and <em>Rhodostethia</em>; polytypic <em>Leucophaeus</em>, <em>Ichthyaetus</em>, and <em>Larus. </em>Circumscription of genera follows IOC14.2 and Clements v2023.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Larus marinus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Selby, 1840, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, p. 48).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus"],["4586","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus pacificus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxviii","Pacific Gull","Pacific Gull","Pacific Gull",null,null,"sandy coasts of southwestern to southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694279","pacgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacgul1","avibase-C08157E7",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 332.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/74/mode/1up","Larus pacificus"],["4587","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus pacificus georgii","King, 1826","Narrative of a survey of the intertropical and western coasts of Australia, performed between the years 1812 and 1822, with an appendix, containing various subjects relating to hydrography and natural history 2[\"1827\"] App.B p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern and southern Australia (southwestern Western Australia, southern South Australia, including Kangaroo Island and Fleurieu Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AC7D2E5",null,null,"King George's Sound, Western Australia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228738#page/445/mode/1up","Larus Georgii"],["4588","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus pacificus pacificus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxviii",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (southeastern South Australia to southern New South Wales) and Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA247782",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 332.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/74/mode/1up","Larus pacificus"],["4589","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus belcheri","Vigors, 1829","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.358","Belcher's Gull","Belcher's Gull","Belcher's Gull",null,null,"western coast and islets of Humboldt Current of northern Peru to northern Chile; disperses to northern Ecuador and central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694282","belgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belgul","avibase-2864A5B0",null,null,"No locality given.","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/370/mode/1up","Larus Belcheri"],["4590","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus crassirostris","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.508","Black-tailed Gull","Black-tailed Gull","Black-tailed Gull",null,null,"breeds coasts and islets of eastern Siberia to Kuril Islands (southeastern Russia), Hokkaido to Kyushu and Izu Islands (northern and central Japan), Korean Peninsula, eastern China, and Matsu Island (off Taiwan); winters to southward, some reaching southern Vietnam and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694289","bktgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktgul","avibase-8C4CE60F",null,null,"Nagasaki, Japan, ex pl. 57 of Krusenstern's Voyage.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/518/mode/1up","Larus crassirostris"],["4591","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus atlanticus","Olrog, 1958","Acta Zoológica Lilloana 15 p.8","Olrog's Gull","Olrog's Gull","Olrog's Gull",null,null,"breeds coastal southern Buenos Aires and Chubut (east-central Argentina); some winter to coasts of southeastern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694286","olrgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olrgul1","avibase-E2967A3F",null,null,"Puerto de Mar del Plata, Provincia Buenos Aires, Republica Argentina","Notas ornitológicas sobre la colección del Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán. III.",null,"Larus belcheri atlanticus"],["4592","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus heermanni","Cassin, 1852","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.187","Heermann's Gull","Heermann's Gull","Heermann's Gull",null,null,"coastal western Mexico; winters British Columbia to Guatemala",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694296","heegul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heegul","avibase-6996D540",null,null,"San Diego, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/209/mode/1up","Larus Heermanni"],["4593","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus delawarensis","Ord, 1815","A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar; and present state of the several kingdoms of the world. Second American ed. Vol. 2. ed.2(Am.), 2 p.319","Ring-billed Gull","Ring-billed Gull","Ring-billed Gull",null,null,"breeds inland British Columbia eastward to Labrador and Newfoundland (eastern Canada), Pacific Northwest states, and Great Lakes (northern USA); winters to coastal and inland southern USA, southern Mexico, Bahamas, and Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694317","ribgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ribgul","avibase-23863F65",null,null,"Delaware River, below Philadelphia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123750#page/325/mode/1up","Larus Delawarensis"],["4594","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus brachyrhynchus","Richardson, 1831","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucien Bonaparte 4 p.352","Short-billed Gull","Short-billed Gull",null,"2025-1144","Taxon <em>brachyrhynchus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Larus canus </em>based on differences in display vocalizations and mitochondrial DNA divergence without evidence of introgression, supported by minor differences in morphology (Sternkopf 2011; Adriaens &amp; Gibbins 2016).","breeds Alaska mainland eastward to northwestern Alberta and southward to southwestern British Columbia (southwestern Canada); winters Pacific coast to central Japan (Honshu) and from southern British Columbia southward to northwestern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,"mewgul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mewgul2","avibase-342F6965",null,null,"Great Bear Lake.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237607#page/368/mode/1up","Larus brachyrhynchus"],["4595","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus canus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136","Common Gull","Common Gull",null,"2025-1144","Taxon <em>brachyrhynchus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Larus canus </em>based on differences in display vocalizations and mitochondrial DNA divergence without evidence of introgression, supported by minor differences in morphology (Sternkopf 2011; Adriaens &amp; Gibbins 2016).","breeds mostly wetlands, subarctic and low Arctic of Palearctic from Iceland and northwestern and central Europe to Kamchatka (eastern Siberia), and in the south disjunctly in western and central Asia; winters Europe to northern Africa, Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas, and Persian Gulf; disjunctly Sea of Okhotsk (southeastern Russia), Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), and Korean Peninsula to southeastern China",null,null,null,"mewgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mewgul","avibase-00DA9D91",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus canus"],["4596","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus canus canus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland, northern British Isles, Scandinavia, and patchily in central Europe to White Sea (far northwestern Russia); winters to northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4D98B48",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus canus"],["4597","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus canus heinei","Homeyer, 1853","Naumannia 3 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Russia from White Sea to Lena River (central Siberia); winters to Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E32324CD",null,null,"Grishenland [=Greece]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19868#page/139/mode/1up","Larus Heinei"],["4598","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus canus kamtschatschensis","(Bonaparte, 1857)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia and Kamchatka (northeastern Siberia); winters Sea of Okhotsk (southeastern Russia) southward to southeastern China and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6A8FC17",null,null,"Kamchatka.","Notes sur les Larides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/782/mode/1up","Gavina hinc Larus kamtschatschensis"],["4599","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus livens","Dwight, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.11","Yellow-footed Gull","Yellow-footed Gull","Yellow-footed Gull",null,null,"breeds islets in Gulf of California, from Roca Consag to La Paz Bay; winters to Salton Sea (southern California) and throughout Gulf of California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694340","yefgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefgul","avibase-87E74BBF",null,null,"San Jose Island, Lower California.","Description of a new race of the Western Gull.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/31/mode/1up","Larus occidentalis livens"],["4600","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus occidentalis","Audubon, 1839","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 5 p.320","Western Gull","Western Gull","Western Gull",null,null,"breeds on islands of western North Pacific coast from northwestern Washington to Isla Guadalupe and central Baja California (northwestern Mexico); some winter to southern British Columbia and southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694337","wesgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesgul","avibase-575A3E3B",null,null,"Cape Disappointment, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103786#page/364/mode/1up","Larus occidentalis"],["4601","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus occidentalis occidentalis","Audubon, 1839","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 5 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast from northwestern Washington to southeastern Farallon Islands (central California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A7A6AE9",null,null,"Cape Disappointment, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103786#page/364/mode/1up","Larus occidentalis"],["4602","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus occidentalis wymani","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1925","The Condor 27, no.4 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Monterey Bay (central California) to Isla Guadalupe and central Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-576721B5",null,null,"Santa Catalina Island, California.","A revisionary study of the Western Gull.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol27/iss4/6/","Larus occidentalis wymani"],["4603","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus cachinnans","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.318","Caspian Gull","Caspian Gull","Caspian Gull",null,null,"breeds inland southern Poland and Hungary eastward through Black, Caspian, and Aral seas to eastern Kazakhstan; winters southeastern Europe, Black Sea, eastern Mediterranean, Persian Gulf, and northern Arabian Sea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735929","casgul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casgul2","avibase-93CA037F",null,null,"Caspian Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/334/mode/1up","Larus cachinnans"],["4604","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus dominicanus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.82","Kelp Gull","Kelp Gull","Kelp Gull",null,null,"breeds coasts and islets of southern continents and islands, mostly in temperate to Antarctic waters, in Africa from Namibia around Cape through northeastern South Africa, and southern Madagascar; in Australia including Tasmania, and New Zealand and associated islands; in South America from northern Peru and southern Brazil south to Tierra del Fuego; and in subantarctic and Antarctic islands; some winter farther north",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694329","kelgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kelgul","avibase-E6536E4E",null,null,"Coasts of Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/102/mode/1up","Larus dominicanus"],["4605","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus dominicanus dominicanus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern South America, including Falkland Islands and South Georgia, southern Australia (including Tasmania), and New Zealand (including Chatham Islands and all subantarctic island groups)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B939961A",null,null,"Coasts of Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/102/mode/1up","Larus dominicanus"],["4606","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus dominicanus vetula","Bruch, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.2 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6062B689",null,null,"Südafrica; vorzüglich am Cap [South Africa; especially in the Cape]","Monographische Uebersicht der Gattung Laras Lin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/112/mode/1up","Larus (Dominicanus) vetula"],["4607","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus dominicanus judithae","Jiguet, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"subantarctic Indian Ocean islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BBE6C3F",null,null,"Kerguelen Islands at Anse du Pacha on 22 February 1971 (coll. Derenne Lufbery).","Taxonomy of the kelp gull Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein inferred from biometrics and wing plumage pattern, including two previously undescribed subspecies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/87/mode/1up","Larus dominicanus judithae"],["4608","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus dominicanus melisandae","Jiguet, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts of southwestern and southern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36571D16",null,null,"Madagascar at Nosy Manitra on 19 July 1948 (coll. Ph. Milon).","Taxonomy of the kelp gull Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein inferred from biometrics and wing plumage pattern, including two previously undescribed subspecies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/89/mode/1up","Larus dominicanus melisandae"],["4609","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus dominicanus austrinus","Fleming, 1924","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Antarctica and Antarctic islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EE83FD1",null,null,"Deception Island, South Shetland Islands.","A new antarctic form of Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/179/mode/1up","Larus dominicanus austrinus"],["4610","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus smithsonianus","Coues, 1862","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14 p.296","American Herring Gull","American Herring Gull",null,"2025-1136","Four species are recognized in the <em>Larus argentatus</em> complex based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: polytypic <em>L. argentatus </em>(including <em>argenteus</em>); monotypic <em>L. smithsonianus; monotypic L. vegae; </em>and<em> monotypic L. mongolicus</em>. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data consistently support separation of <em>L. smithsonianus </em>from <em>L. argentatus</em> (Liebers et al. 2004; Černý &amp; Natale 2022; Sternkopf et al. 2010; Sonsthagen et al. 2016), an arrangement also supported by differences in adult and juvenile plumage, and apparently vocalizations. Species <em>L. vegae</em> is sometimes considered a subspecies of <em>L. smithsonianus</em> but differs phenotypically at a level more consistent with species status in this complex. Finally, <em>L. mongolicus</em> was previously placed in <em>L. cachinnans </em>but is phenotypically distinct from that species and from <em>L. vegae</em> with which it is sometimes aligned; its vocalizations also appear to be the most distinctive of the species formerly placed in<em> L. argentatus</em>. A comprehensive genomic DNA analysis would be informative given the complex demographic and biogeographic history of this group.","breeds northern and western Alaska eastward across subarctic Canada to Baffin Island and Newfoundland, southward on Pacific coast to southern British Columbia, eastward to inland northeastern USA and Atlantic coast southward to North Carolina; winters from Japan (southward to Honshu) and Aleutians southward on Pacific coast to Nayarit (western Mexico), Gulf coast, and inland to Honduras and northern Caribbean",null,null,null,"amhgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amhgul1","avibase-60F32AF8",null,null,"Eastern and western coasts of North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18281#page/308/mode/1up","Larus Smithsonianus"],["4611","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus vegae","Palmén, 1887","Vega-expeditionens vetenskapliga iakttagelser bearbetade af deltagare i resan och andra forskare 5 p.370","Vega Gull","Vega Gull",null,"2025-1136","Four species are recognized in the <em>Larus argentatus</em> complex based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: polytypic <em>L. argentatus </em>(including <em>argenteus</em>); monotypic <em>L. smithsonianus; monotypic L. vegae; </em>and<em> monotypic L. mongolicus</em>. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data consistently support separation of <em>L. smithsonianus </em>from <em>L. argentatus</em> (Liebers et al. 2004; Černý &amp; Natale 2022; Sternkopf et al. 2010; Sonsthagen et al. 2016), an arrangement also supported by differences in adult and juvenile plumage, and apparently vocalizations. Species <em>L. vegae</em> is sometimes considered a subspecies of <em>L. smithsonianus</em> but differs phenotypically at a level more consistent with species status in this complex. Finally, <em>L. mongolicus</em> was previously placed in <em>L. cachinnans </em>but is phenotypically distinct from that species and from <em>L. vegae</em> with which it is sometimes aligned; its vocalizations also appear to be the most distinctive of the species formerly placed in<em> L. argentatus</em>. A comprehensive genomic DNA analysis would be informative given the complex demographic and biogeographic history of this group.","breeds Arctic central and eastern Siberia from Taymyr eastward to Chukotka, New Siberian Islands, and St. Lawrence Island (Bering Sea); winters mostly to rocky coasts of Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), Korean Peninsula, and eastern China",null,null,null,"veggul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/veggul1","avibase-FD1EF7BB",null,null,"Pidlin, northeastern Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133380#page/392/mode/1up","Larus argentatus Brünn. var. Vegae"],["4612","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus mongolicus","Sushkin, 1925","Spisok i raspredelenie ptits Russkogo Altaia i blizhaishikh chastei Severo-Zapadnoi Mongolii: s opisaniem novykh ili maloizvestnykh form p.63","Mongolian Gull","Mongolian Gull",null,"2025-1136","Four species are recognized in the <em>Larus argentatus</em> complex based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: polytypic <em>L. argentatus </em>(including <em>argenteus</em>); monotypic <em>L. smithsonianus; monotypic L. vegae; </em>and<em> monotypic L. mongolicus</em>. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data consistently support separation of <em>L. smithsonianus </em>from <em>L. argentatus</em> (Liebers et al. 2004; Černý &amp; Natale 2022; Sternkopf et al. 2010; Sonsthagen et al. 2016), an arrangement also supported by differences in adult and juvenile plumage, and apparently vocalizations. Species <em>L. vegae</em> is sometimes considered a subspecies of <em>L. smithsonianus</em> but differs phenotypically at a level more consistent with species status in this complex. Finally, <em>L. mongolicus</em> was previously placed in <em>L. cachinnans </em>but is phenotypically distinct from that species and from <em>L. vegae</em> with which it is sometimes aligned; its vocalizations also appear to be the most distinctive of the species formerly placed in<em> L. argentatus</em>. A comprehensive genomic DNA analysis would be informative given the complex demographic and biogeographic history of this group.","breeds Altai Republic to Lake Baikal (south-central Russia) and Mongolia, Lake Khanka (Heilongjiang, northeastern China), and Yellow Sea islands (western Korean Peninsula); winters mostly to coastal wetlands of Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), Korean Peninsula, eastern China, and Taiwan",null,null,null,"casgul4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casgul4","avibase-E1325FAB",null,null,"Uriug-nor, northwestern Mongolia.",null,null,"Larus argentatus mongolicus"],["4613","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus argentatus","Pontoppidan, 1763","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.622","European Herring Gull","European Herring Gull","European Herring Gull","2025-1136","Four species are recognized in the <em>Larus argentatus</em> complex based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: polytypic <em>L. argentatus </em>(including <em>argenteus</em>); monotypic <em>L. smithsonianus; monotypic L. vegae; </em>and<em> monotypic L. mongolicus</em>. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data consistently support separation of <em>L. smithsonianus </em>from <em>L. argentatus</em> (Liebers et al. 2004; Černý &amp; Natale 2022; Sternkopf et al. 2010; Sonsthagen et al. 2016), an arrangement also supported by differences in adult and juvenile plumage, and apparently vocalizations. Species <em>L. vegae</em> is sometimes considered a subspecies of <em>L. smithsonianus</em> but differs phenotypically at a level more consistent with species status in this complex. Finally, <em>L. mongolicus</em> was previously placed in <em>L. cachinnans </em>but is phenotypically distinct from that species and from <em>L. vegae</em> with which it is sometimes aligned; its vocalizations also appear to be the most distinctive of the species formerly placed in<em> L. argentatus</em>. A comprehensive genomic DNA analysis would be informative given the complex demographic and biogeographic history of this group.","various coastal and inland open habitats near and away from water in Iceland, Faroe Islands, Scandinavia, the British Isles, northwestern Russia, and northern Europe southward to southern Poland, central Germany, and the western coast of France; winters as far south as the northern coast of Spain and northern Portugal, and apparently spreading to the Mediterranean coast in southern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62030608","euhgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/euhgul1","avibase-F002188E",null,null,"No type locality' = Christiansoe, ex Brünnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 44.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B726%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Larus Argentatus"],["4614","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus argentatus argenteus","Brehm & Schilling, 1822","Beiträge zur Vögelkunde in vollständigen Beschreibungen mehrerer neu Entdeckter und vieler seltener, oder nicht gehörig beobachteter deutscher Vögel 3 p.781",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland, Faroe, and British Isles to western Germany; winters to northern Iberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A749643",null,null,"Coasts of Holland, France, England, Denmark, Germany; whole Baltic Sea, etc.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103404#page/20/mode/1up","Larus argenteus"],["4615","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus argentatus argentatus","Pontoppidan, 1763","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.622",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia to Kola Peninsula (northwestern Russia); winters northern and western Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51E94F21",null,null,"No type locality' = Christiansoe, ex Brünnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 44.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B726%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Larus Argentatus"],["4616","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus michahellis","Naumann, 1840","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen : Durchaus umgearbeit, systematisch geordnet, sehr vermehrt, vervollständigt, und mit getreu nach der Natur eigenhändig gezeichneten und gestochenen Abbildungen aller deutschen Vögel, nebst ihren Hauptverschiedenheiten 10 p.382","Yellow-legged Gull","Yellow-legged Gull","Yellow-legged Gull",null,null,"Atlantic coasts of Portugal, Spain, and Morocco; coastal and inland Mediterranean region from Belgium to Poland and Türkiye; winters to eastern British Isles and southern Scandinavia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62030970","yelgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelgul1","avibase-E074D706",null,null,"Coast of Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105310#page/394/mode/1up","Larus Michahellis"],["4617","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus michahellis atlantis","Dwight, 1922","American Museum Novitates no.44 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Azores, Madeira, and Canary islands; winters to Senegal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AB668E3",null,null,"Fayal, Azores.","Description of a new race of the lesser black-backed gull, from the Azores.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4872/","Larus fuscus atlantis"],["4618","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus michahellis michahellis","Naumann, 1840","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen : Durchaus umgearbeit, systematisch geordnet, sehr vermehrt, vervollständigt, und mit getreu nach der Natur eigenhändig gezeichneten und gestochenen Abbildungen aller deutschen Vögel, nebst ihren Hauptverschiedenheiten 10 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Atlantic Portugal, Spain, and Morocco; coastal and inland Mediterranean from Belgium eastward to Poland and Türkiye; winters to eastern British Isles and southern Scandinavia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AADBEC7",null,null,"Coast of Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105310#page/394/mode/1up","Larus Michahellis"],["4619","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus armenicus","Buturlin, 1934","Ibis ser.13, vol.4, no.1 p.171","Armenian Gull","Armenian Gull","Armenian Gull",null,null,"breeds lakes of Caucasus to eastern Türkiye and northwestern Iran; winters to eastern Mediterranean, southern Black and Caspian seas, and Persian Gulf",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694357","armgul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/armgul1","avibase-F6951FF7",null,null,"Lake Gokcha, Armenia","Larus taimyrensis armenicus subsp. nov..","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1934.tb01552.x","Larus taimyrensis armenicus"],["4620","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus marinus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136","Great Black-backed Gull","Great Black-backed Gull","Great Black-backed Gull",null,null,"breeds North Atlantic coasts, from southern Greenland and Iceland to Svalbard and Baltic states, and coastal and inland northeastern Canada to Great Lakes and Atlantic coast southward to New Jersey; winters to coastal southwestern Europe and coastal Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694324","gbbgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbbgul","avibase-E826E9F3",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality = Gotland, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus marinus"],["4621","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus hyperboreus","Gunnerus, 1767","Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper, deres Tungemaal, Levemaade og forrige Afgudsdyrkelse, oplyst ved mange Kaabberstykker p.226,note","Glaucous Gull","Glaucous Gull","Glaucous Gull",null,null,"circumpolar breeder on (mostly) high Arctic coasts; winters coasts of Hudson Bay to northeastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, northwestern Europe (northern North Atlantic); Sea of Okhotsk, Japan (southward to Honshu), southwestern Alaska, and southwestern Canada; widely vagrant farther south and inland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694343","glagul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glagul","avibase-A59FA446",null,null,"Northern Norway.",null,null,"Larus hyperboreus"],["4622","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus","Gunnerus, 1767","Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper, deres Tungemaal, Levemaade og forrige Afgudsdyrkelse, oplyst ved mange Kaabberstykker p.226,note",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Jan Mayen and Spitsbergen eastward to Taymyr Peninsula (northwestern Siberia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2AB7545",null,null,"Northern Norway.",null,null,"Larus hyperboreus"],["4623","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus hyperboreus pallidissimus","Portenko, 1939","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.2 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Taymyr Peninsula eastward to Bering Sea and Pribilof Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-646E6150",null,null,"settlement Naukan, Tairnyr Peninsula L a d","On some new Forms of Arctic Gulls.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb03972.x","Larus hyperboreus pallidissimus"],["4624","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus hyperboreus barrovianus","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal western and northern Alaska to western Canada (western Northwest Territories)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7DF3D67",null,null,"Point Barrow, Alaska","On the Glaucous Gull of Bering's Sea and contiguous waters.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/5/","Larus barrovianus"],["4625","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus hyperboreus leuceretes","Schleep, 1819","Annalen der Wetterauischen Gesellschaft für die gesammte Naturkunde 4, heft 2 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Greenland and Iceland, and eastern Northwest Territories (northwestern Canada) eastward through high Arctic northeastern Canadian islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F38705E8",null,null,"Far north, and accidentally on German coasts",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN624810615_0004_1_2?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B133%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Larus leuceretes"],["4626","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus fuscus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136","Lesser Black-backed Gull","Lesser Black-backed Gull","Lesser Black-backed Gull",null,null,"breeds from Greenland, Iceland, and western Europe to central Asia and north-central Siberia; winters mostly coastally to southwestern Europe, Africa (except southwestern and southern), India, and Sri Lanka, and eastern North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694373","lbbgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lbbgul","avibase-2D52E3A5",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus fuscus"],["4627","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus fuscus graellsii","Brehm, 1857","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 Heft12 p.483",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, and western Europe to northern Iberian Peninsula; winters southwestern Europe and western Africa, and eastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC679FC7",null,null,"Malaga, Spain.",null,"https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/509","Larus Graellsii"],["4628","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus fuscus intermedius","Schiøler, 1922","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 16 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Denmark to western Norway; winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CFFDCF7",null,null,"Norway and Denmark.","Nogle Tilføgelser og Bemaerkninger til Listen over Danmarks Fugle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35236#page/31/mode/1up","Larus fuscus intermedius"],["4629","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus fuscus fuscus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Norway eastward to White Sea (northwestern Russia); winters to Africa and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42720061",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/154/mode/1up","Larus fuscus"],["4630","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus fuscus heuglini","Bree, 1876","A history of the birds of Europe, not observed in the British Isles 5 p.58 pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra from Kola Peninsula (northwestern Russia) to Yamal Peninsula (north-central Siberia); winters from Middle East southward to eastern Africa and eastward to India, eastern China, South Korea, and central Honshu to Kyushu (Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4592C07E",null,null,"type from Zeyla, Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104971#page/128/mode/1up","Larus Heuglini"],["4631","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus fuscus barabensis","Johansen, 1960","Journal für Ornithologie 101, no.3 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds steppes of west-central Asia from southeastern Ural Mountains to western Siberia and northern Kazakhstan; winters to coasts of Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and Arabian Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB79F65F",null,null,"Barabasteppe in Westsibirien [=Baraba Steppe in Western Siberia, Russia]","Die Vogelfauna Westsibiriens. III. Teil (Non-Passeres). 9. Fortsetzung: Alcidae, Laridae.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671045","Larus argentatus barabensis"],["4632","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus californicus","Lawrence, 1854","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.79,80","California Gull","California Gull","California Gull",null,null,"breeds on islands in lakes and rivers of central Northwest Territories to central Manitoba (central Canada) to northeastern South Dakota; eastern Washington to Montana and southward to Colorado and central California; winters on coast from southern British Columbia (southwestern Canada) to west-central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694321","calgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calgul","avibase-7FCE8A43",null,null,"Near Stockton, California.","Description of a new species of the genus Larus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/93/mode/1up","Larus Californicus"],["4633","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus californicus albertaensis","Jehl, 1987","The Auk 104, no.3 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Northwest Territories eastward to central Manitoba (central Canada) and southward to northeastern South Dakota (north-central USA); winters to Pacific coast of USA and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3D4B886",null,null,"Frog Lake, Alberta 53 55'N, 110 15'W","Geographic variation and evolution in the California gull (Larus californicus).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol104/iss3/8/","Larus californicus albertaensis"],["4634","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus californicus californicus","Lawrence, 1854","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.79,80",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central British Columbia (southwestern Canada) eastward to Montana and southward to Colorado and central California; winters to Pacific coast of USA and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-315CA2A0",null,null,"Near Stockton, California.","Description of a new species of the genus Larus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/93/mode/1up","Larus Californicus"],["4635","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus glaucescens","Naumann, 1840","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen : Durchaus umgearbeit, systematisch geordnet, sehr vermehrt, vervollständigt, und mit getreu nach der Natur eigenhändig gezeichneten und gestochenen Abbildungen aller deutschen Vögel, nebst ihren Hauptverschiedenheiten 10 p.351","Glaucous-winged Gull","Glaucous-winged Gull","Glaucous-winged Gull",null,null,"breeds coastal North Pacific from eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, Kuril and Commander islands (eastern Russia) eastward through Aleutian and Pribilof islands, and southwestern Alaska to northern Washington; winters to Japan (southward to Honshu) and northwestern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694334","glwgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glwgul","avibase-03AC32BA",null,null,"North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105310#page/363/mode/1up","Larus glaucescens"],["4636","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus schistisagus","Stejneger, 1884","The Auk 1, no.3 p.231","Slaty-backed Gull","Slaty-backed Gull","Slaty-backed Gull",null,null,"breeds coasts and lakes of northeastern Siberia including Kamchatka southward to Kuril Islands (eastern Russia), and eastward to Hokkaido and northern Honshu (northern Japan); winters to coasts of Japan southward to Kyushu and Izu Islands, Korean Peninsula, Bohai Sea (northeastern China), and Taiwan; prone to extreme vagrancy",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694362","slbgul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbgul","avibase-456C7FAE",null,null,"Bering Island and Petropaulski, Kamchatka, type from Bering Island.","Analecta Ornithologica. Second Series.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/5/","Larus schistisagus"],["4637","species","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus glaucoides","Meyer, 1822","Zusätze und Berichtigungen zu Meyers und Wolfs Taschenbuch der deutschen Vögelkunde (etc.) p.197","Iceland Gull","Iceland Gull","Iceland Gull",null,null,"breeds on rocky cliffs of Arctic northeastern Canada to Greenland; winters coastal Iceland to northwestern Europe; Labrador to west-central North Atlantic coast; and east-central North Pacific coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729877","y00478","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00478","avibase-FB4FCB27",null,null,"Meere der arktischen Zone, z. B. in Island, zuweilen im Herbst an den Kiisten der Ost- und Nordsee [=Iceland]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/134310#page/211/mode/1up","Larus glaucoides"],["4638","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus glaucoides glaucoides","Meyer, 1822","Zusätze und Berichtigungen zu Meyers und Wolfs Taschenbuch der deutschen Vögelkunde (etc.) p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern and western Greenland; winters to Iceland, Faroe Islands, British Isles, and southwestern Scandinavia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7148946",null,null,"Meere der arktischen Zone, z. B. in Island, zuweilen im Herbst an den Kiisten der Ost- und Nordsee [=Iceland]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/134310#page/211/mode/1up","Larus glaucoides"],["4639","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus glaucoides kumlieni","Brewster, 1883","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 8 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern and southern Baffin Island, Southampton Island (northern Hudson Bay), and Ungava Peninsula (northeastern Canada); winters mainly from coastal Labrador to west-central North Atlantic coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C55DFCC",null,null,"Cumberland Sound, Arctic America [=Cumberland Sound, Nunavut, Canada]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105796#page/240/mode/1up","Larus kumlieni"],["4640","subspecies","Charadriiformes","Laridae","Skimmers, Noddies, Terns, and Gulls","Larus glaucoides thayeri","Brooks, 1915","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 59, no.5 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Arctic eastern Canadian islands from Banks to Ellesmere and northern and central Baffin islands (far northeastern Canada), and formerly northwestern Greenland; winters North Pacific coast from Japan (southward to Honshu) and British Columbia (southwestern Canada) to southern California (southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69E83944",null,null,"Buchanan Bay, Ellesmere Island.","Notes on birds from east Siberia and arctic Alaska.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30030#page/441/mode/1up","Larus thayeri"],["4641","order","Eurypygiformes",null,null,"Eurypygiformes",null,null,"Sunbittern and Kagu",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4642","family","Eurypygiformes","Eurypygidae","Sunbittern","Eurypygidae",null,null,"Sunbittern","Sunbittern","Sunbittern",null,null,null,null,null,null,"eurypy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurypy1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4643","genus","Eurypygiformes","Eurypygidae","Sunbittern","Eurypyga","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.257",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea helias [Pallas, 1781]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/281/mode/1up","Eurypyga"],["4644","species","Eurypygiformes","Eurypygidae","Sunbittern","Eurypyga helias","(Pallas, 1781)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 2 p.48 pl.3","Sunbittern","Sunbittern","Sunbittern",null,null,"far southern Mexico to south-central Peru (Junín and Cusco), andVenezuela, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691893","sunbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunbit1","avibase-900C590B",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102972#page/61/mode/1up","Ardea helias"],["4645","subspecies","Eurypygiformes","Eurypygidae","Sunbittern","Eurypyga helias major","Hartlaub, 1844","Systematisches Verzeichniss der naturhistorischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum. Erste Abtheilung. Voegel 1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Mexico and Guatemala to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B33BA2F",null,null,"Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49904#page/120/mode/1up","Eurypyga major"],["4646","subspecies","Eurypygiformes","Eurypygidae","Sunbittern","Eurypyga helias meridionalis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Peru (Junín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE0E0ADC",null,null,"La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/88/mode/1up","Eurypyga major meridionalis"],["4647","subspecies","Eurypygiformes","Eurypygidae","Sunbittern","Eurypyga helias helias","(Pallas, 1781)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 2 p.48 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A31C5F51",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102972#page/61/mode/1up","Ardea helias"],["4648","family","Eurypygiformes","Rhynochetidae","Kagu","Rhynochetidae",null,null,"Kagu","Kagu","Kagu",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rhynoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhynoc1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4649","genus","Eurypygiformes","Rhynochetidae","Kagu","Rhynochetos","Verreaux & des Murs, 1860","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12 p.439",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rhynochetos jubatus [Verreaux, J & Des Murs, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/443/mode/1up","Rhynochetos"],["4650","species","Eurypygiformes","Rhynochetidae","Kagu","Rhynochetos jubatus","Verreaux & des Murs, 1860","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.10 p.440, pl.21","Kagu","Kagu","Kagu",null,null,"patchily in montane forest of Grande Terre (New Caledonia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692211","kagu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kagu1","avibase-227D77FB",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/444/mode/1up","Rhynochetos jubatus"],["4651","order","Phaethontiformes",null,null,"Phaethontiformes",null,null,"Tropicbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4652","family","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethontidae",null,null,"Tropicbirds","Tropicbirds","Tropicbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"phaeth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phaeth1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4653","genus","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phaethon aethereus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 80).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/152/mode/1up","Phaëthon"],["4654","species","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon aethereus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.134","Red-billed Tropicbird","Red-billed Tropicbird","Red-billed Tropicbird",null,null,"breeds tropical and subtropical islands off northwestern Africa, northern South Atlantic, Persian Gulf region, southeastern Vietnam, northwestern Mexico to Ecuador, and Caribbean; pelagic when non-breeding in tropical and subtropical oceans: in Gulf Stream north to North Carolina, far out to sea in Atlantic, northwestern Indian Ocean to western coast of India, and central California to central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696637","rebtro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebtro","avibase-7EE005BD",null,null,"Ascension Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/152/mode/1up","Phaëthon aethereus"],["4655","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon aethereus mesonauta","Peters, 1930","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"in eastern Atlantic, breeds Cabo Verde and off Senegal, in eastern Pacific, islands in Gulf of California, and off western Mexico, Colombia to Chile, and Galapagos; in Caribbean, Puerto Rico to Lesser Antilles, Tobago, and islands off northern Panama and off Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C805A12",null,null,"Swan Key, Almirante Bay, Panama.","Two undescribed races of Phaëton aetherius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/303/mode/1up","Phaëthon oethereus mesonauta"],["4656","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon aethereus aethereus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Fernando de Noronha, Abrolhos Islands, Ascension, and St. Helena islands (southern Atlantic)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A3E59E5",null,null,"Ascension Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/152/mode/1up","Phaëthon aethereus"],["4657","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon aethereus indicus","Hume, 1876","Stray Feathers 4 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Socotra, off Somalia, off eastern Arabian Peninsula, and Persian Gulf; also Con Dao Islands (off Vietnam); winters northeastern Indian Ocean to western Indian coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E90CD58",null,null,"Mekran coast.","The Laccadives and the West Coast.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/511/mode/1up","Phaeton indicus"],["4658","species","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon rubricauda","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.57","Red-tailed Tropicbird","Red-tailed Tropicbird","Red-tailed Tropicbird",null,null,"breeds tropical and subtropical islands of South Indian and Pacific oceans; pelagic when not breeding, to waters off southeastern Africa, southwestern and eastern Indonesia, southern Japan, Taiwan, and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696641","rettro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rettro","avibase-C412CD62",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/79/mode/1up","Phaeton rubricauda"],["4659","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon rubricauda rubricauda","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in western Indian Ocean from Europa (Mozambique Channel), Aldabra and Aride (Seychelles), Nosy Ve (southwestern Madagascar), and the Mascarenes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-351C860A",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/79/mode/1up","Phaeton rubricauda"],["4660","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon rubricauda westralis","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in eastern Indian Ocean, from Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean), Rowley Shoals, Ashmore Reef, and Sugarloaf Rock (off Australia); also (presumably this race) Gunungapi and Manuk (Banda Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EAFE836",null,null,"Western Australia. Type from Houtman Abrolhos.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/116/mode/1up","Phaethon rubricauda westralis"],["4661","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon rubricauda roseotinctus","(Mathews, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Pacific islands, from Great Barrier Reef, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia), and Kermadec Islands (north of New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE9F9FC2",null,null,"Kermadec, Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/96/mode/1up","Scaeophaethon rubricauda roseotincta"],["4662","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchos","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds and disperses widely in tropical Pacific Ocean, on Torishima, southern Ryukyu Islands, Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) islands (far southern Japan) southward to New Caledonia, eastward to Hawaiian Islands (mainly Northwestern and predator-free islets off main islands), Easter Island, and Salas y Gomez; presumably this race, Islas Revillagigedos (off Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAAB98F6",null,null,"Turtle and Palmerston Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/83/mode/1up","Phaëton melanorhynchos"],["4663","species","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon lepturus","Daudin, 1802","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.319","White-tailed Tropicbird","White-tailed Tropicbird","White-tailed Tropicbird",null,null,"widespread breeder, all tropical oceans (except eastern Pacific and northeastern Atlantic); pelagic when non-breeding, to waters off eastern Africa, western and southern Sri Lanka, Indonesian Archipelago, and New Guinea waters, east-central Australia, and Gulf Stream north to North Carolina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696645","whttro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttro","avibase-1D07B501",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/371/mode/1up","Phaëton lepturus"],["4664","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon lepturus catesbyi","Brandt, 1838","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 4, no.7 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Bermuda, Bahamas, and Greater to Lesser Antilles; wanders off coasts of eastern North America to northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67EC22D7",null,null,"Restricted type locality, Bermuda, Mathews, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 196.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/700/mode/1up","Phaëthon catesbyi"],["4665","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon lepturus ascensionis","(Mathews, 1915)","The birds of Australia 4 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Fernando de Noronha (off northeastern Brazil) and Ascension Island (south-central South Atlantic), and São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-211F43E2",null,null,"Ascension Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224488#page/395/mode/1up","Leptophaethon lepturus ascensionis"],["4666","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon lepturus lepturus","Daudin, 1802","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in Indian Ocean, from Seychelles and Malagasy region eastward through Chagos and Maldives to southeastern Java, Lombok (western Lesser Sundas), Cocos (Keeling) Islands (east-central Indian Ocean), and Ashmore Reef (northwest of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDC76E74",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/371/mode/1up","Phaëton lepturus"],["4667","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon lepturus europae","Le Corre & Jouventin, 1999","Ibis vol.141 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europa Island (southern Mozambique Channel)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C1BD82",null,null,"Europa Island, collected by Philippe Milon in 1951","Geographical variation in the White-tailed Tropicbird Phaeton lepturus, with the description of a new subspecies endemic to Europa Island, southern Mozambique Channel.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07546.x","Phaethon lepturus europae"],["4668","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon lepturus fulvus","Brandt, 1838","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 4, no.7 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEF11E93",null,null,"No type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/700/mode/1up","Phaëthon fulvus"],["4669","subspecies","Phaethontiformes","Phaethontidae","Tropicbirds","Phaethon lepturus dorotheae","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tropical western Pacific, from Iwo (Volcano) Islands (Kita-Iwoto, far southern Japan), New Caledonia, and remote islets of Melanesia and Northern Mariana Islands eastward to Hawaiian Islands (scattered sites), and Easter Island; disperses widely in southwestern Pacific",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CC0BF03",null,null,"Queensland.","Additions and corrections to my reference list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/25/mode/1up","Phaethon lepturus dorotheae"],["4670","order","Gaviiformes",null,null,"Gaviiformes",null,null,"Loons",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4671","family","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gaviidae",null,null,"Loons","Loons","Loons/Divers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"gaviid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gaviid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4672","genus","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia","Forster, 1788","Enchiridion historiae naturali inserviens, quo termini et delineationes ad avium, piscium, insectorum et plantarum adumbrationes intelligendas et concinnandas, secundum systematis linnaeani continentur p.38",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Colymbus immer [Brünnich, 1764]; type by subsequent designation (Allen, JA, 1907, Bull. American Museum of Natural History, 24, p. 35). = Colymbus immer Brünnich, 1764",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209840#page/52/mode/1up","Gavia"],["4673","species","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia stellata","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.621","Red-throated Loon","Red-throated Loon","Red-throated Loon",null,null,"breeds across the northern Holarctic region; winters coastally in the north Pacific Ocean from the Kamchatka Peninsula and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) to the Yellow Sea, and from southern Alaska to northwestern Mexico; and in the northern Atlantic Ocean from the Maritime Provinces (Canada) to the southeastern USA, from Scandinavia south to the Mediterranean, and the Black and Caspian seas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697829","retloo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retloo","avibase-6C50988A",null,null,"Tame River, Warwickshire, England, ex Willughby (cf. Laubmann, 1922, Verh. Ornith. Gesell. Bayern, 15, p. 211).",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B725%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Colymbus Stellatus"],["4674","species","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia immer","(Brünnich, 1764)","Ornithologia borealis, sistens collectionem avium ex omnibus, Imperio Danico subjectis (etc.) p.38","Common Loon","Common Loon","Common Loon",null,null,"breeds in southern Greenland, Iceland, and northern North America southward to northern tier of US states; winters from Iceland and Scandinavia southward to the Iberian Peninsula and from southern Alaska and the Maritime Provinces (Canada) southward to northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697842","comloo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comloo","avibase-7E022378",null,null,"Faroes",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265835#page/50/mode/1up","Colymbus Immer"],["4675","species","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia adamsii","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.167","Yellow-billed Loon","Yellow-billed Loon","Yellow-billed Loon",null,null,"breeds Arctic northwestern Russia from Novaya Zemlya eastward to Chukotka Peninsula, through northern Alaska and northern Canada to Nunavut (east-central Canada); winters to northern Norway, Japan (northern Honshu), Korean Peninsula, and coastal British Columbia (southwestern Canada); prone to extreme vagrancy",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697847","yebloo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebloo","avibase-5349255D",null,null,"Russian America. Type from Alaska.","Description of a New Species of Diver (Colymbus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/229/mode/1up","Colymbus adamsii"],["4676","species","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia pacifica","(Lawrence, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.liv,889","Pacific Loon","Pacific Loon","Pacific Loon",null,null,"breeds coastal eastern Siberia and northern North America eastward through northern Canada to Baffin Island and James Bay (eastern Canada); winters to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697839","pacloo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacloo","avibase-B7D7EF23",null,null,"San Diego, California, and Puget Sound; restricted to San Diego by Grinnell, 1932, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 38, p. 260.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/953/mode/1up","Colymbus pacificus"],["4677","species","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia arctica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.135","Black-throated Loon","Arctic Loon","Arctic Loon",null,null,"breeds Arctic to temperate northern and central Eurasia and far western Alaska; non-breeders to coastal southern European and western Asian seas, to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and Korean Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697834","arcloo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcloo","avibase-CA5852BE",null,null,"Europe and North America; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 52.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/153/mode/1up","Colymbus arcticus"],["4678","subspecies","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia arctica arctica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic from Scotland eastward to Lena River (northeastern Siberia, including Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land), and southward through northern Kazakhstan; winters to northwestern and southern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEB39979",null,null,"Europe and North America; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 52.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/153/mode/1up","Colymbus arcticus"],["4679","subspecies","Gaviiformes","Gaviidae","Loons","Gavia arctica viridigularis","Dwight, 1918","The Auk 35, no.2 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia and far western mainland Alaska; winters from the Kuril Islands and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) to the Yellow Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86FDDBD5",null,null,"Gichega, northeastern Siberia.","A new species of Loon from north-eastern Siberia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol35/iss2/12/","Gavia viridigularis"],["4680","order","Sphenisciformes",null,null,"Sphenisciformes",null,null,"Penguins",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4681","family","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Spheniscidae",null,null,"Penguins","Penguins","Penguins",null,null,null,null,null,null,"spheni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spheni1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4682","genus","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Aptenodytes","Miller, 1778","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.4 pl.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aptenodytes patagonica [Miller, JF, 1778]; type by monotypy","Mari antarctico [Antarctic Ocean]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/61/mode/1up","Aptenodytes"],["4683","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Aptenodytes patagonicus","Miller, 1778","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.4 pl.23","King Penguin","King Penguin","King Penguin",null,null,"breeds on beaches of subantarctic islands, in Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, and Heard islands, and Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia); disperses widely at sea mostly around Antarctic Convergence",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697748","kinpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kinpen1","avibase-827A77C7",null,null,"Mari antarctico [Antarctic Ocean]; South Georgia designated by Mathews, 1911, Birds Australia, 1, p. 274.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/61/mode/1up","Aptenodytes patagonica"],["4684","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Aptenodytes forsteri","Gray, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.84 p.315","Emperor Penguin","Emperor Penguin","Emperor Penguin",null,null,"breeds in scattered colonies on Antarctic continent edge and up to 200 km from open sea; ranges Antarctic seas to edge of ice pack and beyond, juveniles dispersing most widely",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697752","emppen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emppen1","avibase-58848B71",null,null,"no locality; antarctic seas, G. R. Gray, 1844, List Birds Brit. Mus., pt. 3, p. 156.","[in Miscellaneous] On Aptenodytes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/339/mode/1up","Aptenodytes forsteri"],["4685","genus","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.281",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aptenodytes papua [Forster, JR, 1781]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/159/mode/1up","Pygoscelis"],["4686","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis adeliae","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.320","Adelie Penguin","Adelie Penguin","Adelie Penguin",null,null,"breeds circumpolarly along coastline of Antarctica and associated islands; winters near edge of ice pack",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697758","adepen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/adepen1","avibase-4A947BE7",null,null,"Adelie Land [Antarctica]","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/328/mode/1up","Catarrhactes adeliae"],["4687","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis antarcticus","(Forster, 1781)","Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 3(1780) p.134,141 pl.4","Chinstrap Penguin","Chinstrap Penguin","Chinstrap Penguin",null,null,"breeds on Antarctic Peninsula and associated islands, including Balleny Island (eastern Antarctica); winters mostly south of Antarctic Convergence, to southern South America and subantarctic islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697761","chipen2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chipen2","avibase-75B943A3",null,null,"South Shetlands.",null,null,"Aptenodytes antarctica"],["4688","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis papua","(Forster, 1781)","Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 3(1780) p.134,140 pl.3","Gentoo Penguin","Gentoo Penguin","Gentoo Penguin",null,null,"mainly subantarctic islands, locally Antarctic islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697755","genpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/genpen1","avibase-F2B3BF2A",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,null,"Aptenodytes papua"],["4689","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis papua taeniata","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"subantarctic waters, breeding on southern Indian Ocean islands (Prince Edward, Marion, Crozet, Heard), Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia); population on Kerguelen Island tentatively placed here, but represent a distinct taxon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6360904",null,null,"Macquarie Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/284/mode/1up","Aptenodytes taeniata"],["4690","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis papua papua","(Forster, 1781)","Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 3(1780) p.134,140 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on Isla Martillo in the Beagle Channel, Isla de los Estados (southeasternmost South America), and the Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84ABC82C",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,null,"Aptenodytes papua"],["4691","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis papua ellsworthi","Murphy, 1947","The Auk 64, no.3 p.454",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland, South Orkney, and South Sandwich islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89309984",null,null,"Deception Island, South Shetlands.","A new zonal race of the Gentoo Penguin.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol64/iss3/19/","Pygoscelis papua ellsworthi"],["4692","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Pygoscelis papua poncetii","Tyler, Bonfitto, Clucas et al., 2020","Ecology and Evolution 10 13836-13846",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on South Georgia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F6DCCD0",null,null,"South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean on 11th March 1913","Morphometric and genetic evidence for four species of gentoo penguin","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.6973","Pygoscelis poncetii"],["4693","genus","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.775",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aptenodytes minor [Forster, JR, 1781]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/785/mode/1up","Eudyptula"],["4694","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula minor","(Forster, 1781)","Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 3(1780) p.135,147","Little Penguin","Little Penguin","Little Penguin",null,null,"southern Australia and North, South, Stewart and Chatham islands (east of South Island; New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697805","litpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litpen1","avibase-151738D5",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,null,"Aptenodytes minor"],["4695","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Australia including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D8461E9",null,null,"Port Jackson, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/98/mode/1up","Spheniscus Novae Hollandiae"],["4696","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula minor iredalei","Mathews, 1911","The birds of Australia 1 pt5 p.286 pl.67",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern North Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4845CD1A",null,null,"Chatham Islands; error, Motuora Island, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, fide Kinsky and Falla, 1976, Nat. Mus. N. Z. Rec, 1, p. 119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219759#page/438/mode/1up","Eudyptula minor iredalei"],["4697","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula minor variabilis","Kinsky & Falla, 1976","National Museum of New Zealand Records 1 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern North Island and Cook Strait (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B97DE4C",null,null,"Mahina Bay, Wellington Harbour, New Zealand.","A subspecific revision of the Australasian blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) in the New Zealand area.",null,"Eudyptula minor variabilis"],["4698","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula minor minor","(Forster, 1781)","Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 3(1780) p.135,147",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western and southern South Island and Stewart Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F5AF21E",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,null,"Aptenodytes minor"],["4699","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula minor albosignata","Finsch, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.2 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C677CDBC",null,null,"Akaroa, South Island, New Zealand.","Description of a new Species of Penguin from New Zealand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/303/mode/1up","Eudyptula albosignata"],["4700","subspecies","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptula minor chathamensis","Kinsky & Falla, 1976","National Museum of New Zealand Records 1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Chatham Islands (east of New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D55FD2C",null,null,"Star Keys, Chatham Islands.","A subspecific revision of the Australasian blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) in the New Zealand area.",null,"Eudyptula minor chathamensis"],["4701","genus","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Spheniscus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.52;6, p.96",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Diomedea demersa [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Diomedea demersa Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/96/mode/1up","Spheniscus"],["4702","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Spheniscus demersus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132","African Penguin","African Penguin","African Penguin",null,null,"breeds coastal southern Namibia and southern South Africa; ranges to central Namibia and southeastern Africa",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697810","jacpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jacpen1","avibase-9B183BDD",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Diomedea demersa"],["4703","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Spheniscus magellanicus","(Forster, 1781)","Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 3(1780) p.134,143 pl.5","Magellanic Penguin","Magellanic Penguin","Magellanic Penguin",null,null,"breeds coastal central Chile and central Argentina to Cape Horn and Falkland Islands; winters to southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697822","magpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magpen1","avibase-3B4B29E0",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.",null,null,"Aptenodytes magellanicus"],["4704","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Spheniscus humboldti","Meyen, 1834","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.110 pl.21","Humboldt Penguin","Humboldt Penguin","Humboldt Penguin",null,null,"Humboldt Current region of coastal northern Peru to central Chile",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697817","humpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humpen1","avibase-37FC130F",null,null,"Peru.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA106-IA10#v=onepage&q=Spheniscus%20Humboldti&f=false","Spheniscus Humboldti"],["4705","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Spheniscus mendiculus","Sundevall, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.126,129","Galapagos Penguin","Galapagos Penguin","Galapagos Penguin",null,null,"coastal western Galapagos (Fernandina and Isabela)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697825","galpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galpen1","avibase-ACAA25BF",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","On Birds from the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/166/mode/1up","Spheniscus mendiculus"],["4706","genus","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Megadyptes","Milne-Edwards, 1880","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.9, no.9 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Catarrhactes antipodes [Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109928#page/338/mode/1up","Megadyptes"],["4707","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Megadyptes antipodes","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.320","Yellow-eyed Penguin","Yellow-eyed Penguin","Yellow-eyed Penguin",null,null,"very local on coasts of South (where now very rare), Stewart and satellites, Auckland, and Campbell islands (New Zealand)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697800","yeepen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeepen1","avibase-9DF07165",null,null,"Auckland Islands.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/328/mode/1up","Catarrhactes antipodes"],["4708","genus","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.67,70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aptenodytes chrysocome [Forster, JR, 1781]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 77).",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f73.item","Eudyptes"],["4709","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes chrysolophus","(Brandt, 1837)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 2, no.20 p.315","Macaroni Penguin","Macaroni Penguin","Macaroni Penguin",null,null,"subantarctic islands in South Atlantic Ocean and southern Indian Ocean",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697793","macpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macpen1","avibase-2C2BC004",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/392/mode/1up","Catarhactes chrysolophus"],["4710","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes schlegeli","Finsch, 1876","Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 8 p.204","Royal Penguin","Royal Penguin","Royal Penguin",null,null,"breeds on coastal slopes of Macquarie and nearby Bishop and Clerk islands (southeast of Australia); winters mostly near colonies, with juveniles ranging farther",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697797","roypen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roypen1","avibase-01A11B3A",null,null,"Macquarie Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104588#page/224/mode/1up","Eudyptes schlegeli"],["4711","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes sclateri","Buller, 1888","A history of the birds of New Zealand. 2nd ed. 2 p.289","Erect-crested Penguin","Erect-crested Penguin","Erect-crested Penguin",null,null,"breeds among rocks of Bounty and Antipodes islands (New Zealand); winters to waters of eastern South Island",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697789","bicpen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bicpen1","avibase-3B58C04E",null,null,"Auckland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/222883#page/353/mode/1up","Eudyptes sclateri"],["4712","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes pachyrhynchus","Gray, 1845","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.17","Fiordland Penguin","Fiordland Penguin","Fiordland Penguin",null,null,"breeds inland in forests of southwestern South Island, western and southern Stewart Island, and satellites (New Zealand); winters to seas south of Australia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697776","fiopen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fiopen1","avibase-A143FB33",null,null,"Waikowaiti, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/97/mode/1up","Eudyptes pachyrhynchus"],["4713","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes robustus","Oliver, 1953","The Emu 53 p.187","Snares Penguin","Snares Penguin","Snares Penguin",null,null,"breeds coastal forest of Snares Islands; disperses westward to waters off southeastern Australia, and northward off New Zealand",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697782","snapen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snapen1","avibase-5EA37AA8",null,null,"Snares Islands.","The Crested Penguins of New Zealand.",null,"Eudyptes robustus"],["4714","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes moseleyi","Mathews & Iredale, 1921","A manual of the birds of Australia 1 p.11","Northern Rockhopper Penguin","Northern Rockhopper Penguin","Northern Rockhopper Penguin",null,null,"breeds among coastal rocks and tussocks of Tristan da Cunha group and Gough (South Atlantic), and St. Paul and Amsterdam islands (South Indian Ocean)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734408","rocpen4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpen4","avibase-8722DFC2",null,null,"Inaccessible Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/70888#page/39/mode/1up","Eudyptes serresianus moseleyi"],["4715","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes chrysocome","(Forster, 1781)","Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 3(1780) p.133,135","Western Rockhopper Penguin","Western Rockhopper Penguin",null,"2025-0709","Taxon <em>filholi </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Eudyptes chrysocome</em> based on genomic DNA divergence (Frugone et al. 2021), supported by differences in bare parts color and possibly other traits (e.g., eyebrow shape, species of feather lice). However, vocalizations of the two taxa seem similar and require formal assessment.","breeds far southern Chilean islands of Magallanes Province to Cape Horn Archipelago and Falkland Islands; winters northward along Patagonian coast",null,null,null,"rocpen2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpen2","avibase-ECEE0622",null,null,"Tasmania and Falkland Islands = Falkland Islands; further restricted to Kidney Island, Berkeley Sound, East Falkland Island, by Carins, 1974, Emu, 74, p. 56.",null,null,"Aptenodytes chrysocome"],["4716","species","Sphenisciformes","Spheniscidae","Penguins","Eudyptes filholi","Hutton, 1879","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.4 p.334","Eastern Rockhopper Penguin","Eastern Rockhopper Penguin",null,"2025-0709","Taxon <em>filholi </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Eudyptes chrysocome</em> based on genomic DNA divergence (Frugone et al. 2021), supported by differences in bare parts color and possibly other traits (e.g., eyebrow shape, species of feather lice). However, vocalizations of the two taxa seem similar and require formal assessment.","breeds coastally on Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard (southern Indian Ocean), Macquarie (southeast of Australia), and Auckland, Campbell, and Antipodes islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,"rocpen3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpen3","avibase-D5A715E4",null,null,"Campbell Island.","On an apparently new species of Penguin, from Campbell Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/396/mode/1up","Eudyptes filholi"],["4717","order","Procellariiformes",null,null,"Procellariiformes",null,null,"Albatrosses, Petrels, Shearwaters, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4718","family","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedeidae",null,null,"Albatrosses","Albatrosses","Albatrosses",null,null,null,null,null,null,"diomed1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diomed1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4719","genus","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebastria","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.v",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Diomedea brachyura [Temminck, 1829]; type by original designation = Diomedea albatrus Pallas, 1769",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/73/mode/1up","Phoebastria"],["4720","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebastria irrorata","(Salvin, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.3 p.430","Waved Albatross","Waved Albatross","Waved Albatross",null,null,"breeds Española (Galapagos) and Isla La Plata off Ecuador; ranges to coastal waters of Ecuador and northern Peru",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698320","wavalb","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wavalb","avibase-1BC289CB",null,null,"Callao Bay, Peru.","A List of the Birds collected by Captain A. H. Markham on the West Coast of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/554/mode/1up","Diomedea irrorata"],["4721","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebastria albatrus","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.5 p.28","Short-tailed Albatross","Short-tailed Albatross","Short-tailed Albatross",null,null,"breeds Torishima (Izu Islands) and Senkaku Islands; ranges through North Pacific",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698335","shtalb","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtalb","avibase-B5565AD8",null,null,"off Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/218/mode/1up","Diomedea albatrus"],["4722","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebastria nigripes","(Audubon, 1839)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 5 p.327","Black-footed Albatross","Black-footed Albatross","Black-footed Albatross",null,null,"breeds Senkaku, Izu, and Ogasawara (Bonin) islands (southern Japan) and Hawaiian Islands (most of population; Northwestern to islets in main group); ranges North Pacific from Bering Sea to Tropic of Cancer",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698350","bkfalb","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfalb","avibase-EE8ECB1D",null,null,"Pacific Ocean, lat. 30° 44' N., long. 146° W.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103786#page/371/mode/1up","Diomedea nigripes"],["4723","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebastria immutabilis","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.9 p.48","Laysan Albatross","Laysan Albatross","Laysan Albatross",null,null,"breeds Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (rare; formerly also Torishima, southern Japan), northwestern Hawaiian Islands (most of population, Northwestern eastward to Oahu), and Guadalupe and Revillagigedo islands (western Mexico); ranges North Pacific",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698365","layalb","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/layalb","avibase-98FB6D4B",null,null,"Laysan Island.","[Description of a new species of Albatross].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/74/mode/1up","Diomedea immutabilis"],["4724","genus","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Diomedea exulans [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 78).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Diomedea"],["4725","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea epomophora","Lesson, 1825","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 6 p.95","Southern Royal Albatross","Southern Royal Albatross","Southern Royal Albatross","2025-0883","Taxon <em>sanfordi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Diomedea epomophora</em> based primarily on differences in morphology and plumage, supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Robertson &amp; Nunn 1998). However, occasional interbreeding has been reported and a more thorough investigation of gene flow and divergence across the main breeding populations is desirable.","breeds Enderby Island (Auckland Islands) and Campbell Islands (New Zealand); ranges all south temperate and subantarctic oceans",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698314","royalb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/royalb2","avibase-4D8C9B97",null,null,"No type locality given in original description, = Campbell Island.","Distribution géographique de quelques OISEAUX marins, observés dans le Voyage autour du Monde de la Corvette La Coquille.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28624#page/103/mode/1up","Diomedaea epomophora"],["4726","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea sanfordi","Murphy, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37, art.35 p.861","Northern Royal Albatross","Northern Royal Albatross","Northern Royal Albatross","2025-0883","Taxon <em>sanfordi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Diomedea epomophora</em> based primarily on differences in morphology and plumage, supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Robertson &amp; Nunn 1998). However, occasional interbreeding has been reported and a more thorough investigation of gene flow and divergence across the main breeding populations is desirable.","breeds mostly Sisters and Forty Fours (Chatham Islands), also Otago Peninsula of southeastern South Island (New Zealand); ranges all southern temperate and subantarctic oceans, mostly Pacific",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728323","royalb3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/royalb3","avibase-1A5E5AE7",null,null,"at sea, 40 miles off Corral, Chile.","A new Albatross from the west coast of South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1841","Diomedea (Rhothonia) sanfordi"],["4727","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea dabbenena","Mathews, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.11","Tristan Albatross","Tristan Albatross","Tristan Albatross","2025-0882","Four species are recognized in the <em>Diomedea exulans</em> complex based primarily on differences in morphology and plumage, supported by a combination of mitochondrial DNA (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004; Chambers et al. 2009; Rains et al. 2011) and microsatellite data (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004): <em>D. exulans; D. dabbenena; D. antipodensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>gibsoni</em>); and <em>D. amsterdamensis</em>. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of taxa indicates parapatry or partial sympatry between circumpolar <em>exulans </em>and the remaining subantarctic taxa.","breeds Inaccessible and Gough islands (Tristan da Cunha group); ranges subtropical and temperate southern Atlantic Ocean",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728364","wanalb3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wanalb3","avibase-1048BC8A",null,null,"South Atlantic, lat. 38° 30' S., long. 56° W., 100 miles off coast of Argentina.","Descriptions of a new genus, new forms, and new names.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/45/mode/1up","Diomedea dabbenena"],["4728","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea antipodensis","Robertson & Warham, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.74","Antipodean Albatross","Antipodean Albatross","Antipodean Albatross","2025-0882","Four species are recognized in the <em>Diomedea exulans</em> complex based primarily on differences in morphology and plumage, supported by a combination of mitochondrial DNA (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004; Chambers et al. 2009; Rains et al. 2011) and microsatellite data (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004): <em>D. exulans; D. dabbenena; D. antipodensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>gibsoni</em>); and <em>D. amsterdamensis</em>. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of taxa indicates parapatry or partial sympatry between circumpolar <em>exulans </em>and the remaining subantarctic taxa.","breeds Chatham, Antipodes, Auckland, and Campbell islands (east and south of South Island, New Zealand); non-breeders to Tasman Sea (off southeastern Australia) and southeastern Pacific",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728318","antalb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antalb1","avibase-89706CA9",null,null,"Central Plateau, Antipodes Island, collected by C. J. R. Robertson 3 March 1985","Nomenclature of the New Zealand Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/374/mode/1up","Diomedea exulans antipodensis"],["4729","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea antipodensis antipodensis","Robertson & Warham, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mostly Antipodes Islands and (small numbers) Pitt and Campbell islands (New Zealand); ranges to Tasman Sea (east of Australia) eastward across southern Pacific Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C26D29D",null,null,"Central Plateau, Antipodes Island, collected by C. J. R. Robertson 3 March 1985","Nomenclature of the New Zealand Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/374/mode/1up","Diomedea exulans antipodensis"],["4730","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni","Robertson & Warham, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Auckland Islands (New Zealand); ranges at least from Tasman Sea eastward to mid-Pacific Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-282962B4",null,null,"Astrolabe Point, Adams Island, Auckland Group, collected by C. J. R. Robertson 15 February 1985","Nomenclature of the New Zealand Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/376/mode/1up","Diomedea exulans gibsoni"],["4731","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea exulans","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132","Snowy Albatross","Snowy Albatross","Snowy Albatross","2025-0882","Four species are recognized in the <em>Diomedea exulans</em> complex based primarily on differences in morphology and plumage, supported by a combination of mitochondrial DNA (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004; Chambers et al. 2009; Rains et al. 2011) and microsatellite data (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004): <em>D. exulans; D. dabbenena; D. antipodensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>gibsoni</em>); and <em>D. amsterdamensis</em>. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of taxa indicates parapatry or partial sympatry between circumpolar <em>exulans </em>and the remaining subantarctic taxa.","breeds high-latitude islands of South Georgia, Prince Edward, Crozet, Heard, Kerguelen, and Macquarie islands; ranges all southern oceans",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698305","wanalb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wanalb1","avibase-A28D8D38",null,null,"intra tropicos Pelagi ad. Cap. b. Spei' = Cape of Good Hope ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Diomedea exulans"],["4732","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Diomedea amsterdamensis","Roux, Jouventin, Mougin et al., 1983","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 53 p.1","Amsterdam Albatross","Amsterdam Albatross","Amsterdam Albatross","2025-0882","Four species are recognized in the <em>Diomedea exulans</em> complex based primarily on differences in morphology and plumage, supported by a combination of mitochondrial DNA (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004; Chambers et al. 2009; Rains et al. 2011) and microsatellite data (Burg &amp; Croxall 2004): <em>D. exulans; D. dabbenena; D. antipodensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>gibsoni</em>); and <em>D. amsterdamensis</em>. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of taxa indicates parapatry or partial sympatry between circumpolar <em>exulans </em>and the remaining subantarctic taxa.","breeds Amsterdam Island (French subantarctic islands); ranges mainly south Indian Ocean",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698310","wanalb5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wanalb5","avibase-D93548A7",null,null,"Amsterdam Island (37 50'S, 77 35'E), Indian Ocean","Un nouvel albatros Diomedea amsterdamensis n. sp. découvert sur l'île Amsterdam (37°50'S, 77°35'E).","https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Paul-Roux/publication/280133184","Diomedea amsterdamensis"],["4733","genus","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebetria","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.v",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Diomedea fuliginosa [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Diomedea palpebrata J.R. Forster, 1785",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/73/mode/1up","Phoebetria"],["4734","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebetria palpebrata","(Forster, 1785)","Mémoires de mathématique et de physique, presentés à l'Académie royale des sciences, par divers savans, et lûs dans ses assemblées 10 p.571 pl.15","Light-mantled Albatross","Light-mantled Albatross","Light-mantled Albatross",null,null,"breeds circumpolar subantarctic islands; ranges through subantarctic and Antarctic oceans",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698448","limalb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/limalb1","avibase-1819ECCE",null,null,"'depuis le degre quarante-septieme de latitude australe jusqu'au soixanteonzieme et dix minutes' = south of Prince Edward and Marion Islands, fide Mathews, 1934, Novit. Zool., 39, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46986#page/419/mode/1up","Diomedea palpebrata"],["4735","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Phoebetria fusca","(Hilsenberg, 1822)","Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde 3 col.74","Sooty Albatross","Sooty Albatross","Sooty Albatross",null,null,"breeds temperate zone islands of South Atlantic and south Indian oceans; ranges through temperate zone of those oceans",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698431","sooalb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sooalb1","avibase-4976BF1D",null,null,"Mozambique Channel.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46986#page/419/mode/1up","Diomedea fusca"],["4736","genus","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.v",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Diomedea melanophris [Temminck, 1828]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/73/mode/1up","Thalassarche"],["4737","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche chlororhynchos","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.568","Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross","Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross","Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross","2025-0886","Taxon <em>carteri </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Thalassarche chlororhynchos</em> based on differences in plumage, bill coloration and architecture, size, and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Chambers et al. 2009; Abeyrama et al. 2021). However, a low level of mtDNA introgression has been detected in <em>carteri </em>(Abeyrama et al. 2021) indicating that further research is warranted.","breeds Tristan da Cunha and Gough islands; ranges southern oceans",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698425","yenalb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yenalb2","avibase-EA2FA918",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/69/mode/1up","Diomedea chlororhynchos"],["4738","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche carteri","(Rothschild, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.6","Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross","Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross","Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross","2025-0886","Taxon <em>carteri </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Thalassarche chlororhynchos</em> based on differences in plumage, bill coloration and architecture, size, and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Chambers et al. 2009; Abeyrama et al. 2021). However, a low level of mtDNA introgression has been detected in <em>carteri </em>(Abeyrama et al. 2021) indicating that further research is warranted.","breeds on southern Indian Ocean islands; ranges mainly southern Indian Ocean between Tropic of Capricorn and Subtropical Convergence",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728372","yenalb3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yenalb3","avibase-65882F71",null,null,"Point Cloates, northwestern Australia","On a new species of albatross from NW Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/486/mode/1up","Thalassogeron carteri"],["4739","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche chrysostoma","(Forster, 1785)","Mémoires de mathématique et de physique, presentés à l'Académie royale des sciences, par divers savans, et lûs dans ses assemblées 10 p.571 pl.14","Grey-headed Albatross","Gray-headed Albatross","Grey-headed Albatross",null,null,"breeds circumpolar high southern latitudes; ranges southern oceans mostly south of South Polar Front",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698398","gyhalb","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhalb","avibase-0E4475F6",null,null,"vicinity of the Antarctic Circle and in the Pacific Ocean.",null,null,"Diomedea chrysostoma"],["4740","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche melanophris","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.77, vol.5 pl.456,text","Black-browed Albatross","Black-browed Albatross",null,"2025-0884","Taxon <em>impavida </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Thalassarche melanophris</em> based on available evidence. Although the taxa can be separated based on mitochondrial DNA (Burg &amp; Croxall 2001; Burg et al. 2017) and iris color, there is little evidence of assortative mating on Campbell Island where a few individuals of <em>melanophris </em>occur in the colony of <em>impavida </em>(Alderman et al. 2005). Further study using genomic techniques may clarify the situation.","breeds islands of south Chile, Falkland, South Georgia, and South Sandwich (southeast of South Georgia), Crozet, Heard, Kerguelen (South Indian Ocean), Macquarie (far southeast of Australia), Antipodes, Snares, and Campbell groups (southeast and south of South Island, New Zealand), and Campbell and Jeanette Marie islands (Campbell Islands, south of South Island, New Zealand); non-breeders are widespread all southern oceans from north of Antarctic Convergence to Tropic of Capricorn",null,null,null,"bkbalb","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbalb","avibase-F9FCB9FF",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/623/mode/1up","Diomedea melanophris"],["4741","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche melanophris melanophris","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.77, vol.5 pl.456,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Antarctic and subantarctic islands including islands off southern Chile, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Sandwich, Crozet, Heard and Kerguelen islands, Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia), Antipodes, Snares and Campbell Islands (south of New Zealand); ranges all southern oceans from north of Antarctic Convergence to Tropic of Capricorn",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9CBC9EB",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/623/mode/1up","Diomedea melanophris"],["4742","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche melanophris impavida","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.267 pl.96",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Campbell Island group (New Zealand); ranges over temperate shelf waters of New Zealand, Australia, and the central and western Pacific",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CDB783A",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/345/mode/1up","Thalassarche melanophris impavida"],["4743","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche bulleri","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.58","Buller's Albatross","Buller's Albatross","Buller's Albatross",null,null,"breeds islets of northwestern North Island (rare), Chatham Islands (east of South Island), west of Stewart Island, and Snares (south of South Island, New Zealand); non-breeders to Australian waters and western coast of South America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728328","bulalb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bulalb2","avibase-F79F09E1",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/84/mode/1up","Diomedea bulleri"],["4744","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche bulleri bulleri","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Solander Island and Snares Islands; ranges across the southern South Pacific (southern Australia to South America)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CC821B7",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/84/mode/1up","Diomedea bulleri"],["4745","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche bulleri platei","(Reichenow, 1898)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Chatham Islands and Three Kings Islands (off North Island, New Zealand; very few); ranges across southern South Pacific (southern Australia to South America)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4F49AF6",null,null,"Cavancha, Chile.","[Über eine von Hrn. Prof. Plate bei Cavancha in Chile gesammelte Diomedea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/204/mode/1up","Diomedea platei"],["4746","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche cauta","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.177","Shy Albatross","White-capped Albatross",null,"2025-0885","Taxon <em>steadi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Thalassarche cauta</em> based on relatively minor differences in plumage, bill coloration, and size (Double et al. 2003), microsatellite data (Abbott &amp; Double 2003a), and mitochondrial DNA (Abbott &amp; Double 2003b; Chambers et al. 2009).","breeds Tasmania and Auckland Islands (south of South Island, New Zealand); non-breeders to southern Indian and Pacific oceans",null,null,null,"whcalb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcalb1","avibase-87797B47",null,null,"Bass Strait.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/903/mode/1up","Diomedea cauta"],["4747","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche cauta cauta","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Albatross, Mewstone, and Pedra Branca islands (off Tasmania); ranges westward to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B6E922E",null,null,"Bass Strait.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/903/mode/1up","Diomedea cauta"],["4748","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche cauta steadi","Falla, 1933","Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mostly Disappointment (Auckland Islands), also Forty-Fours (rare; Chatham Islands) and Bollons (Antipodes Islands); ranges from Australian to South American waters",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E41D91E",null,null,"Foveaux Strait, New Zealand.","Notes on New Zealand Petrels, with descriptions of new forms and some new records.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/286996#page/245/mode/1up","Thalassarche cauta steadi"],["4749","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche salvini","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.58","Salvin's Albatross","Salvin's Albatross","Salvin's Albatross",null,null,"breeds mostly Bounty Islands, a few in Snares and Crozet islands; ranges to temperate and subtropical waters off southeastern Australia, western South America, and southern Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698388","salalb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salalb1","avibase-25428EB1",null,null,"New Zealand.","[ Descriptions of five new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/84/mode/1up","Thalassogeron salvini"],["4750","species","Procellariiformes","Diomedeidae","Albatrosses","Thalassarche eremita","Murphy, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.419 p.4","Chatham Albatross","Chatham Albatross","Chatham Albatross",null,null,"breeds Pyramid Rock (Chatham Islands); ranges in Humboldt and Magellanic currents off southern Peru and Chile",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698393","shyalb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shyalb2","avibase-253271CB",null,null,"Pyramid Rock off Pitt Island, Chatham Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 11.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3782/","Thalassarche cauta eremita"],["4751","family","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanitidae",null,null,"Southern Storm Petrels","Southern Storm-Petrels","Southern Storm-petrels",null,null,null,null,null,null,"oceani2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oceani2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4752","genus","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites","Keyserling & Blasius, 1840","Die Wirbelthiere Europa's. Erstes Buch: Die unterscheidenden Charactere p.xciii,131,238",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Procellaria wilsonii [Bonaparte, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 99). = Procellaria oceanica Kuhl, 1820  ",null,null,null,"Oceanites"],["4753","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites oceanicus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie 1 p.136 pl.10 fig.1","Wilson's Storm Petrel","Wilson's Storm-Petrel","Wilson's Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds islets in southern Chilean fjords and Cape Horn Archipelago; many islands, coasts, and inland sites in Antarctica; Falkland, South Georgia, Crozet, Heard, Kerguelen (southwestern to southeastern Indian Ocean), and Macquarie islands (far southeast of Australia); non-breeders throughout world oceans except tropical and North Pacific",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698436","wispet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wispet","avibase-D295D249",null,null,"No type locality. South Georgia designated by Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 38, 1918, p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89679#page/150/mode/1up","Procellaria oceanica"],["4754","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites oceanicus oceanicus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie 1 p.136 pl.10 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds subantarctic islands from Cape Horn to Heard and Kerguelen islands; migrates north to pelagic waters of Northern Hemisphere",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71AC2C2A",null,null,"No type locality. South Georgia designated by Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 38, 1918, p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89679#page/150/mode/1up","Procellaria oceanica"],["4755","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.11 pl.68",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds South Shetland Islands, South Sandwich Islands, and adjacent Antarctic coast; migrates north to pelagic waters of Northern Hemisphere",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CE65556",null,null,"New Zealand Seas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/33/mode/1up","Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus"],["4756","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites oceanicus chilensis","Murphy, 1936","Oceanic Birds of South America 2 p.754",null,null,null,null,null,"range incompletely known; breeds Tierra del Fuego; ranges north to Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D4CD2D0",null,null,"Wollaston Island, Fuegia, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44597#page/128/mode/1up","Oceanites oceanicus chilensis"],["4757","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites pincoyae","Harrison, Sallaberry, Gaskin et al., 2013","The Auk 130 180-191","Pincoya Storm Petrel","Pincoya Storm-Petrel","Pincoya Storm-petrel",null,null,"known only from waters near Chiloé Island (Reloncavi Sound and the Chacao Channel), Chile",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45354823","pumstp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pumstp1","avibase-7A8599C2",null,null,"at sea in Seno Reloncavi south of Puerto Montt, Chile, at 41°47.799'S, 72°53.418'W. 19 February 2011 by P.H.","A new storm-petrel species from Chile","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/130/1/180/5148818","Oceanites pincoyae"],["4758","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites gracilis","(Elliot, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.391","Elliot's Storm Petrel","Elliot's Storm-Petrel","White-vented Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds Chungunga Island (Coquimbo, central Chile) at least; probably also Galapagos; non-breeders range Humboldt Current from Ecuador to central Chile and Galapagos",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698442","wvspet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wvspet1","avibase-934FEF66",null,null,"west coast of South America.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/437/mode/1up","Thalassidroma gracilis"],["4759","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites gracilis gracilis","(Elliot, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Chungunga Island (Coquimbo region, north-central Chile), and perhaps elsewhere in Atacama Desert; ranges Humboldt Current from Ecuador to central Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57478E74",null,null,"west coast of South America.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/437/mode/1up","Thalassidroma gracilis"],["4760","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Oceanites gracilis galapagoensis","Lowe, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41, no.259 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos (breeding grounds unknown)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68650509",null,null,"Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago.","Description of a new Petrel from Charles I., Galapagos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/170/mode/1up","Oceanites gracilis galapagoensis"],["4761","genus","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Nesofregetta","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fregatta moestissima [Salvin, 1879]; type by original designation = Procellaria fuliginosa J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/57/mode/1up","Nesofregetta"],["4762","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Nesofregetta fuliginosa","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.562","Polynesian Storm Petrel","Polynesian Storm-Petrel","Polynesian Storm-petrel",null,null,"now breeds on predator-free islands mainly in Line, Marquesas, Gambier, Austral, and Easter island groups, formerly much more widespread, including westward to New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, and Samoa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698471","pospet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pospet1","avibase-89BF14AC",null,null,"Tahiti. Melanistic phase.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/63/mode/1up","Procellaria fuliginosa"],["4763","genus","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Garrodia","Forbes, 1881","The collected scientific papers of the late Alfred Henry Garrod, M.A., F.R.S. pt.3 p.521,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thalassidroma nereis [Gould, 1841]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Garrodia"],["4764","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Garrodia nereis","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.178","Grey-backed Storm Petrel","Gray-backed Storm-Petrel","Grey-backed Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds circumpolar subantarctic islands in Falkland Islands, South Georgia, Gough (Atlantic), Crozet and Kerguelen (Indian Ocean), Macquarie (few; Australia), Chatham, Antipodes, and Auckland (New Zealand) islands; ranges mainly between Antarctic and Subantarctic convergences, northward to southern Tasman Sea and about 35°S",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729148","gybstp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybstp1","avibase-F5C74C92",null,null,"Bass Strait, Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/904/mode/1up","Thalassidroma Nereis"],["4765","genus","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.iv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria marina [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/72/mode/1up","Pelagodroma"],["4766","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma marina","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.826","White-faced Storm Petrel","White-faced Storm-Petrel","White-faced Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds Salvage (northwest of Canary Islands), Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde, Tristan da Cunha group including Gough (south-central Atlantic Ocean), southern Australian islets, and New Zealand region; non-breeders range to subtropical waters in North and South Atlantic, northwestern and tropical Indian Ocean to Seychelles, and southeastern Pacific Ocean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698453","wfspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfspet","avibase-E9DF118E",null,null,"Southern oceans = off the mouth of the Río La Plata, lat. 35° S. - lat. 37° S. fide Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 233.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/366/mode/1up","Procellaria marina"],["4767","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca","(Barker-Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1842)","Histoire naturelle des Îles Canaries 2 pt2 Zool. Orn. p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mainly Salvage Island (Madeira group), with a few off Lanzarote (Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F721AE9",null,null,"Tenerife, Canary Islands.","Ornithologie canarienne","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128816#page/75/mode/1up","Thalassidroma hypoleuca"],["4768","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma marina eadesorum","Bourne, 1953","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets of Branco, Ilheu de Cima, Boavista, and Maio, Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35B916C3",null,null,"Cima, Cape Verde Islands.","On the Races of the Frigate Petrel, Pelagodroma marina (Latham) with a New Race from the Cape Verde Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/123/mode/1up","Pelagodroma marina eadesi"],["4769","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma marina marina","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.826",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tristan da Cunha and Gough islands; ranges to equatorial South Atlantic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58FFB6ED",null,null,"Southern oceans = off the mouth of the Río La Plata, lat. 35° S. - lat. 37° S. fide Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 233.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/366/mode/1up","Procellaria marina"],["4770","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma marina dulciae","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.20,21",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands off southwestern to southeastern Australia, including Tasmania; ranges to northwestern Indian Ocean and to southwestern edge of Sunda Shelf",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-923CB788",null,null,"Breaksea Island, Southwest Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/44/mode/1up","Pelagodroma marina dulciae"],["4771","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma marina maoriana","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Auckland, Chatham, and satellite islands off North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand); ranges to Humboldt Current off Peru and Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18413718",null,null,"Type from Chatham Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/50/mode/1up","Pelagodroma marina maoriana"],["4772","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Pelagodroma marina albiclunis","Murphy & Irving, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1506 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Haszard Island in Kermadec Islands (New Zealand); ranges to Tasman Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4EB9F11",null,null,"Sunday Island = Raoul Island, Kermadec Group.","A review of the frigate-petrels (Pelagodroma).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3964/","Pelagodroma marina albiclunis"],["4773","genus","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.1113",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thalassidroma leucogaster [Gould, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/1123/mode/1up","Fregetta"],["4774","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta lineata","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.293, 337, pl. 79","New Caledonian Storm Petrel","New Caledonian Storm-Petrel","New Caledonian Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds New Caledonia; ranges from the Coral Sea (just off eastern Australia) eastward to Samoa and the Marquesas Islands",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230025395","necstp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necstp1","avibase-AF97355A",null,null,"Upolu, Samoa; ? error, ? Drake Strait, or ? Bellingshausen Sea in the Antarctic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/313/mode/1up","Thalassidroma lineata"],["4775","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta grallaria","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.418","White-bellied Storm Petrel","White-bellied Storm-Petrel","White-bellied Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds tropical and subtropical southern ocean islands: south-central Indian Ocean islands, Lord Howe Island (far east of Australia), Kermadec Islands (northeast of North Island, New Zealand), Rapa (Austral Islands, eastern Polynesia), San Felix and San Ambrosio (Easter Island, southeastern Polynesia), and Juan Fernandez Islands (far west of central Chile); non-breeders range tropical and subtropical southern oceans between Equator and Subtropical Convergence",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698465","wbspet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbspet1","avibase-224E1093",null,null,"'Nouvelle-Hollande' = Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/436/mode/1up","Procellaria grallaria"],["4776","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta grallaria grallaria","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Roach Island in Lord Howe group (east of Australia) and Kermadec islands (northeast of New Zealand); ranges to tropical eastern Pacific",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF70A27F",null,null,"'Nouvelle-Hollande' = Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/436/mode/1up","Procellaria grallaria"],["4777","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta grallaria leucogaster","(Gould, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.85 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tristan da Cunha, Gough (Atlantic), Amsterdam, and St. Paul islands (Indian Ocean); ranges to temperate and subtropical South Atlantic and southwestern Indian oceans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48FACD3C",null,null,"south Atlantic Ocean, lat. 36° S., long. 6° 4r E.","XLIII. On the Family Procellaridae, with descriptions of Ten new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/397/mode/1up","Thalassidroma leucogaster"],["4778","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta grallaria segethi","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1860)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 26, bd.1 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds San Felix and San Ambrosio (Easter Islands) and Juan Fernández Islands (off Chile); ranges tropical and subtropical pelagic waters west of Humboldt Current (in southeastern Pacific Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9C58B46",null,null,"coast of Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31507#page/290/mode/1up","Thalassidroma Segethi"],["4779","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta grallaria titan","Murphy, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.322 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Rapa Island (Austral Islands); ranges to tropical east-central Pacific Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4089AEC",null,null,"Rapa Island, Austral Group.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 4.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3810/","Fregetta grallaria titan"],["4780","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta maoriana","(Mathews, 1932)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.132","New Zealand Storm Petrel","New Zealand Storm-Petrel","New Zealand Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds Little Barrier Island (northern North Island, New Zealand); ranges to seas off southeastern Australia and Fiji",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728808","nezstp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezstp1","avibase-5DB83DA9",null,null,"Banks Peninsula, New Zealand","Description of a new genus and species of Storm-Petrel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/168/mode/1up","Pealeornis maoriana"],["4781","species","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta tropica","(Gould, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.85 p.366","Black-bellied Storm Petrel","Black-bellied Storm-Petrel","Black-bellied Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds circumpolar subantarctic islands of South Georgia, Antarctic Peninsula, Bouvetoya (southwest of Africa), Tristan da Cunha perhaps including Gough Island (south-central Atlantic Ocean); Prince Edward, Crozet, and Kerguelen (southwestern to southeastern Indian Ocean), Bounty, Antipodes, and Auckland islands (southeast and south of South Island, New Zealand); non-breeders range southern oceans mostly south of Equator to Antarctic Convergence",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698459","bbspet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbspet1","avibase-ACE8EADE",null,null,"equatorial regions of Atlantic Ocean = lat. 6° 33' N., long. 18° 6' W., from 'a' type preserved in the British Museum (Natural History).","XLIII. On the Family Procellaridae, with descriptions of Ten new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/396/mode/1up","Thalassidroma tropica"],["4782","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta tropica tropica","(Gould, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.85 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds circumpolar subantarctic islands from South Georgia, Antarctic Peninsula, Bouvetoya, Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen (Indian), Bounty, Antipodes, and Auckland islands (New Zealand); ranges southern oceans mostly south of Equator southward to Antarctic Convergence",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FC95162",null,null,"equatorial regions of Atlantic Ocean = lat. 6° 33' N., long. 18° 6' W., from 'a' type preserved in the British Museum (Natural History).","XLIII. On the Family Procellaridae, with descriptions of Ten new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/396/mode/1up","Thalassidroma tropica"],["4783","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Oceanitidae","Southern Storm Petrels","Fregetta tropica melanoleuca","Salvadori, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tristan da Cunha and (perhaps) Gough islands; ranges north to tropics",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0F85114",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha = Gough Island, fide Bourne, 1962, in Palmer (ed.), Handb. North Amer. Birds, 1, p. 252. Fregodroma leucothysanus Mathews, 1937, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 57, p. 146- south Indian Ocean, lat. 37° 30' S., long. 42° E.","Description of a new species of Petrel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/105/mode/1up","Fregetta melanoleuca"],["4784","family","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobatidae",null,null,"Northern Storm Petrels","Northern Storm-Petrels","Northern Storm-petrels",null,null,null,null,null,null,"hydrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hydrob1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4785","genus","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.562",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Procellaria pelagica [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, Brewer & Ridgway, 1884, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 13, p. 403).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/289/mode/1up","Hydrobates"],["4786","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates pelagicus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.131","European Storm Petrel","European Storm-Petrel","European Storm-petrel",null,null,"islets of northeastern North Atlantic from southern Iceland and central Norway to northern Spain, Canary Islands, western Africa, and western and north-central Mediterranean Sea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698477","bripet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bripet","avibase-E1638A37",null,null,"Restricted type locality; coast of Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/149/mode/1up","Procellaria pelagica"],["4787","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates pelagicus pelagicus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Atlantic islets from southern Iceland and Faroe Islands northward to central Norway and southward to northern Spain and Canary Islands; ranges to waters off western and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D48172F",null,null,"Restricted type locality; coast of Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/149/mode/1up","Procellaria pelagica"],["4788","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis","(Schembri, 1843)","Catalogo ornitologico del gruppo di Malta p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets of Mediterranean Sea and Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, and Aegean seas; ranges near breeding areas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BC8BB4B",null,null,"Malta",null,null,"Thalassidroma melitensis"],["4789","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates furcatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.561","Fork-tailed Storm Petrel","Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel","Fork-tailed Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds islands off northern Kuril and Commander islands (southeastern Russia), Aleutians, and Gulf of Alaska to northern California; non-breeders range to northeastern coast of Japan, southern Sea of Okhotsk, northern Bering Sea, and central Californian coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698572","ftspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ftspet","avibase-DD814006",null,null,"icy seas between America and Asia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/62/mode/1up","Procellaria furcata"],["4790","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates furcatus furcatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.561",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kuril and Commander islands, and Aleutians",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D50D288",null,null,"icy seas between America and Asia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/62/mode/1up","Procellaria furcata"],["4791","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates furcatus plumbeus","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off southern Alaska to northern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C610D88",null,null,"coast of Oregon. Cotypes from near Cape Flattery, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/312/mode/1up","Thalassidroma plumbea"],["4792","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates jabejabe","(Bocage, 1875)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.120","Cape Verde Storm Petrel","Cape Verde Storm-Petrel","Cape Verde Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds in winter on Cabo Verde; present all year around Cabo Verde, and extent of at-sea range unknown, possibly to eastern North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/132434704","cavstp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cavstp1","avibase-0F6A5DD6",null,null,"Razo, Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54860#page/128/mode/1up","Thalassidroma jabejabe"],["4793","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates castro","(Harcourt, 1851)","A sketch of Madeira; containing information for the traveller, or invalid visitor p.123","Band-rumped Storm Petrel","Band-rumped Storm-Petrel","Band-rumped Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds on northeastern Atlantic islands, islets near St. Helena and Ascension islands, in Pacific off central Japan (northeastern Honshu), Hawaiian Islands (Kauai), and the Galapagos; ranges in Atlantic to Gulf Stream, Gulf of Mexico, western Africa including Gulf of Guinea, in North Pacific, seas off Japan, the Marquesas Islands, near the main Hawaiian Islands, and coasts of southern Central America to northwestern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/132341128","barpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barpet","avibase-D3FAE385",null,null,"Desertas Islets, Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77975#page/149/mode/1up","Thalassidroma castro"],["4794","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates monteiroi","(Bolton, Smith, Gómez-Díaz et al., 2008)","Ibis vol.150 p.717-727","Monteiro's Storm Petrel","Monteiro's Storm-Petrel","Monteiro's Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds in summer on Azores; present Azores mainly April-August, and extent of at-sea range unknown, possibly to eastern North America",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735624","monstp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monstp1","avibase-3E579E5B",null,null,"from a rock crevice on ‘Praya’ Islet, Graciosa, procured by W.R. Ogilvie-Grant during his expedition to the Azores islands (Hartert & Ogilvie-Grant 1905) collected 25 April 1903.","Monteiro's Storm-petrel Oceanodroma monteiroi: a new species from the Azores","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00854.x","Oceanodroma monteiro"],["4795","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates melania","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.662","Black Storm Petrel","Black Storm-Petrel","Black Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds islands off California and Baja California, including Gulf of California, from Channel Islands southward to Islas de San Benito (off central Baja California); ranges coastal waters northward to central California and southward to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698557","bkspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkspet","avibase-149499C6",null,null,"coast of California.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Neuvième et dernière communication. Chanteurs fissirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/672/mode/1up","Procellaria melania"],["4796","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates markhami","(Salvin, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.430","Markham's Storm Petrel","Markham's Storm-Petrel","Markham's Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds off Paracas Peninsula (southern Peru) and Atacama Desert to mountains 50 km inland between Arica and Iquique (northern Chile); ranges east-central Pacific to coasts of southern Mexico, Galápagos, and central Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698543","maspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maspet","avibase-326E50B4",null,null,"Coast of Peru. Lat. 19° 40' S., long. 75° W.","A List of the Birds collected by Captain A. H. Markham on the West Coast of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/554/mode/1up","Cymochorea markhami"],["4797","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates microsoma","(Coues, 1864)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.79","Least Storm Petrel","Least Storm-Petrel","Least Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds Islas San Benito (central Baja California) and islands in Gulf of California; ranges coastal waters from southern California to Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698485","lsspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lsspet","avibase-183CC218",null,null,"San Jose del Caba, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/87/mode/1up","Halocyptena microsoma"],["4798","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates tethys","(Bonaparte, 1852)","Tageblatt. 29te Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aertze in Wiesbaden Beilage 7 p.89","Wedge-rumped Storm Petrel","Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel","Wedge-rumped Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds islands of northern Galapagos and off coasts of central Peru and north-central Chile; non-breeders range from coastal central Baja California (including southern Gulf of California, northwestern Mexico) to northern Chile, and tropical Pacific to southeast of Hawaiian Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698496","wrspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrspet","avibase-7BE70E1F",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.",null,null,"Thalassidroma Tethys"],["4799","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates tethys tethys","(Bonaparte, 1852)","Tageblatt. 29te Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aertze in Wiesbaden Beilage 7 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos (Pitt, Genovesa and Redonda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2768B65",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.",null,null,"Thalassidroma Tethys"],["4800","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates tethys kelsalli","(Lowe, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46, no.299 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds scattered islands off central Peru to northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0DBAD54",null,null,"Ancon, Peru.","Exhibition and description of a new race of Petrel from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/40/mode/1up","Thalassidroma tethys kelsalli"],["4801","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates hornbyi","(Gray, 1854)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.251 p.62","Ringed Storm Petrel","Ringed Storm-Petrel","Ringed Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds Atacama Desert, mostly in mountains well inland (northern Chile); ranges Humboldt Current of southern Ecuador to north-central Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698567","rispet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rispet1","avibase-5F5C5FD3",null,null,"Northwest coast of America.","On a New Species of Thalassidroma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/94/mode/1up","Thalassidroma Hornbyi"],["4802","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates homochroa","(Coues, 1864)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.77","Ashy Storm Petrel","Ashy Storm-Petrel","Ashy Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds islands off California and northern Baja California, from Mendocino County (northwestern California) patchily southward to Isla Todos Santos (northwestern Baja California); ranges coastal California Current to northern California (including Monterey Bay) and north-central Baja California",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698562","asspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asspet","avibase-04B43245",null,null,"Farallone Islands, California",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/85/mode/1up","Cymochorea homochroa"],["4803","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates tristrami","(Salvin, 1896)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 25 p.354","Tristram's Storm Petrel","Tristram's Storm-Petrel","Tristram's Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds Izu, Ogasawara (Bonin), and at least formerly Iwo (Volcano) Islands (southern Japan), and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; ranges eastern coastal waters of Japan and eastward to Hawaiian Islands (Kauai)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698535","trspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trspet","avibase-EDF95934",null,null,"Sendai Bay, Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34471#page/374/mode/1up","Oceanodroma tristrami"],["4804","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates monorhis","(Swinhoe, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.12 p.386","Swinhoe's Storm Petrel","Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel","Swinhoe's Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds mainly islands off Honshu, Japan, also islets off southeastern Russia, Korean Peninsula, eastern China, and Taiwan; ranges through eastern Indonesian Archipelago to southern India and Sri Lanka, Arabian Sea, and off northeastern African coast; recent records from Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698520","swspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swspet","avibase-80DE8670",null,null,"near Amoy, China.","Jottings on Birds from my Amoy Journal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/418/mode/1up","Thalassidroma monorhis"],["4805","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates matsudairae","(Kuroda, 1922)","Ibis ser.11, vol.4, no.2 p.311","Matsudaira's Storm Petrel","Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel","Matsudaira's Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds Iwo (Volcano) Islands, possibly also Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (far southern Japan); disperses westward to Arabian Sea, Seychelles, and off eastern African coast, eastward to western Micronesia, seas of eastern Indonesia, and off northwestern Australia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698548","maspet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maspet2","avibase-6AA236DD",null,null,"Sagami Bay, Japan.","Remarks on the Japanese Petrels of the Genus Oceanodroma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55203#page/375/mode/1up","Oceanodroma melania matsudariae"],["4806","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates macrodactylus","(Bryant, 1887)","Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences 2 p.450","Guadalupe Storm Petrel","Guadalupe Storm-Petrel","Guadalupe Storm-petrel",null,null,"formerly bred Guadalupe Island (Mexico); probably extinct, last reported 1912","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698530","guspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guspet","avibase-6FC4B715",null,null,"Guadalupe Island, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31481#page/474/mode/1up","Oceanodroma leucorhoa macrodactyla"],["4807","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates socorroensis","(Townsend, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.134","Townsend's Storm Petrel","Townsend's Storm-Petrel","Townsend's Storm-petrel",null,null,"summer breeder on islets off Guadalupe Island (western Mexico); ranges in eastern Pacific north to southern California and southward to ca. 10°N",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/132450926","leastp5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leastp5","avibase-C794DCC7",null,null,"Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands [Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/166/mode/1up","Oceanodroma socorroensis"],["4808","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates cheimomnestes","(Ainley, 1980)","The Auk 97, no.4 p.848","Ainley's Storm Petrel","Ainley's Storm-Petrel","Ainley's Storm-petrel",null,null,"winter breeder on islets off Guadalupe Island (western Mexico); nonbreeding range poorly known, but apparently disperses southward in eastern Pacific, at least as far as the Galapagos",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/132441735","leastp2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leastp2","avibase-B57A7ED2",null,null,"Guadalupe Island, Mexico","Geographic Variation in Leach's Storm-Petrel","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol97/iss4/21/","Oceanodroma leucorhoa cheimomnestes"],["4809","species","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates leucorhous","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.422","Leach's Storm Petrel","Leach's Storm-Petrel","Leach's Storm-petrel",null,null,"breeds northeastern Atlantic from southern Iceland, Faroe Islands, central Norway, Ireland, and Scotland; northwestern Atlantic from southern Labrador to Massachusetts; northwestern Pacific from northeastern Russia and northeastern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu) to Alaska and northern and central Baja California (northwestern Mexico); also off southwestern Africa; non-breeders range to tropical Pacific Ocean mainly north of Tropic of Capricorn, and tropical Atlantic, reaching southern Africa in temperate southeastern Atlantic Ocean",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/132438298","lcspet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lcspet","avibase-C5FB15C6",null,null,"maritime parts of Picardy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/440/mode/1up","Procellaria leucorhoa"],["4810","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates leucorhous leucorhous","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Atlantic from islets south of Iceland, Faroes, off Norway, and off Ireland and Scotland, in northwestern Pacific from Kuril Islands southward to Hokkaido and northern Honshu (northern Japan), eastward to Aleutians, and patchily southward to central California, and islands of northwestern Atlantic coast from Labrador (southeastern Canada) to Cape Cod area (Massachusetts, northeastern USA); ranges to tropical Pacific Ocean mainly north of Tropic of Capricorn, and tropical Atlantic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D08B1C9",null,null,"maritime parts of Picardy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/440/mode/1up","Procellaria leucorhoa"],["4811","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Hydrobatidae","Northern Storm Petrels","Hydrobates leucorhous chapmani","(Berlepsch, 1906)","The Auk 23, no.2 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Coronado and San Benito islands (northwestern Mexico); ranges to southern California and Pacific coastal waters of northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C48D368B",null,null,"San Benito Island, Baja California, Mexico","On a new form of Oceanodroma inhabiting San Benito island, off the coast of Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol23/iss2/8/","Oceanodroma monorhis chapmani"],["4812","family","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellariidae",null,null,"Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Shearwaters and Petrels","Petrels, Shearwaters",null,null,null,null,null,null,"procel3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/procel3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4813","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pagodroma","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.768",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria nivea [G. Forster, 1777]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/778/mode/1up","Pagodroma"],["4814","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pagodroma nivea","(Forster, 1777)","A voyage round the world, in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the years 1772, 3, 4, and 5 1 p.96,98","Snow Petrel","Snow Petrel","Snow Petrel",null,null,"breeds satellite islets, coasts and to 440 km inland in Antarctica; non-breeders range near pack-ice in Southern Ocean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697885","snopet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snopet1","avibase-BB999943",null,null,"lat. 52° S., long. 20° E.",null,null,"Procellaria nivea"],["4815","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pagodroma nivea nivea","(Forster, 1777)","A voyage round the world, in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the years 1772, 3, 4, and 5 1 p.96,98",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on the Antarctic Peninsula and Antarctic islands (except in the Ross Sea region), north to South Georgia and Bouvetøya Islands, but intergrades at many sites with subspecies major; ranges widely in Antarctic waters",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-593BBCFC",null,null,"lat. 52° S., long. 20° E.",null,null,"Procellaria nivea"],["4816","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pagodroma nivea major","(Schlegel, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.4 no.22 Procellariae p.15,16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on islands in the Ross Sea region (Balleny Island, Cape Adare, Cape Hallet, and possibly Scott Island); intergrades with nominate nivea at many sites, including South Orkney and South Sandwich Islands, Casey, Terre Adélie, Cape Hunter, and Cape Denison; ranges widely in Antarctic waters",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5859E81",null,null,"Glaces du Pôle Sud = Antarctic region.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51710#page/147/mode/1up","Procellaria nivea major"],["4817","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Thalassoica","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.iv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria antarctica [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/72/mode/1up","Thalassoica"],["4818","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Thalassoica antarctica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.565","Antarctic Petrel","Antarctic Petrel","Antarctic Petrel",null,null,"breeds Antarctic islets, coasts and mountains to 350 km inland; ranges Southern Ocean mostly near ice, south of Antarctic Convergence",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697875","antpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antpet1","avibase-53518617",null,null,"within the Antarctic Circle between lat. 36° S. and 61° S.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/66/mode/1up","Procellaria antarctica"],["4819","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Daption","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt1 p.239",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Procellaria capensis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/311/mode/1up","Daption"],["4820","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Daption capense","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132","Pintado Petrel","Pintado Petrel","Cape Petrel",null,null,"breeds subantarctic and Antarctic islands and coasts; non-breeders range to tropics in cold waters of Benguela Current of southern Africa, southern Australasia, and Humboldt Current of South America north to Ecuador and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697879","cappet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cappet","avibase-AAC2D613",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Procellaria capensis"],["4821","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Daption capense capense","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds circumpolar subantarctic islands (except New Zealand region) from South Georgia (Atlantic) to Macquarie Island (Australia) and Antarctic coast; ranges widely in southern oceans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAA24C38",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Procellaria capensis"],["4822","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Daption capense australe","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.8 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds New Zealand subantarctic islands including Chatham Islands; ranges southern oceans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-689F0312",null,null,"New Zealand.","Additions and corrections to my reference list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/227/mode/1up","Daption capense australis"],["4823","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Macronectes","Richmond, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Procellaria gigantea [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/94/mode/1up","Macronectes"],["4824","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Macronectes giganteus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.563","Southern Giant Petrel","Southern Giant-Petrel","Southern Giant Petrel",null,null,"breeds islands and coasts of Antarctica to Heard (Indian Ocean) and Macquarie islands (Australia), and off southern Chile and Argentina; ranges coasts and open water of all southern oceans and cold currents, often south of Antarctic Convergence",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697852","angpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/angpet1","avibase-C1706A8B",null,null,"Type locality restricted to Staten Island, Mathews, infra, p. 186.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/64/mode/1up","Procellaria gigantea"],["4825","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Macronectes halli","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.187","Northern Giant Petrel","Northern Giant-Petrel","Northern Giant Petrel",null,null,"breeds islands north of Antarctic Convergence from South Georgia to Macquarie (southeast of Australia) and Stewart, Chatham, Antipodes, Auckland, and Campbell islands (New Zealand); ranges coasts and open water of all southern oceans, mostly north of Antarctic Convergence",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697859","norgip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norgip1","avibase-F504C8DE",null,null,"Kerguelen.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/251/mode/1up","Macronectes giganteus halli"],["4826","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Fulmarus","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt1 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Procellaria glacialis [Linnaeus, 1761]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 129).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/303/mode/1up","Fulmarus"],["4827","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Fulmarus glacialoides","(Smith, 1840)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.11 pl.51,text","Southern Fulmar","Southern Fulmar","Southern Fulmar",null,null,"circumpolar in Antarctic, breeding islets and coast of Antarctica; ranges southern oceans from pack-ice to Humboldt Current off Chile and Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697870","souful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souful1","avibase-10C2881A",null,null,"Cape seas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/215/mode/1up","Procellaria glacialoides"],["4828","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Fulmarus glacialis","(Linnaeus, 1761)","Fauna svecica, sistens animalia Sveciæ regni mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes. Editio altera p.51","Northern Fulmar","Northern Fulmar","Northern Fulmar",null,null,"breeds islands and coasts of North Atlantic, bays between Arctic and North Atlantic, and North Pacific including Sea of Okhotsk to Hokkaido (northern Japan) and Bering Sea; non-breeders range to coasts of northwestern Pacific southward to central Japan, northeastern Pacific southward to Baja California (northwestern Mexico), western Atlantic southward to North Carolina, and eastern Atlantic southward to France",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697866","norful","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norful","avibase-049D9AEA",null,null,"Within the Arctic Circle.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333#page/109/mode/1up","Procellaria glacialis"],["4829","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Fulmarus glacialis glacialis","(Linnaeus, 1761)","Fauna svecica, sistens animalia Sveciæ regni mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes. Editio altera p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds high Arctic from Baffin Bay area (northeastern Canada), northern Greenland to Svalbard and Franz Josef Land (far northwestern Russia); ranges southward in Gulf Stream to North Carolina and, in northeastern Atlantic, to Bay of Biscay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CEC3BB6",null,null,"Within the Arctic Circle.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333#page/109/mode/1up","Procellaria glacialis"],["4830","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Fulmarus glacialis auduboni","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds low Arctic and boreal North Atlantic from Newfoundland and Labrador (southeastern Canada), western and southern Greenland, and Iceland eastward to Novaya Zemlya (northwestern Russia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E600F01F",null,null,"Newfoundland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/745/mode/1up","Fulmarus auduboni"],["4831","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii","Cassin, 1862","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coasts of eastern Siberia from Chukchi Sea (eastern Russia) southward through Kuril Islands, and eastward through Aleutians and Bering Sea coasts southward to British Columbia; ranges widely in Pacific, Chukchi and Beaufort seas southward to coastal waters of eastern Japan and western coast of Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C054C7E1",null,null,"Indian Ocean; error, north Pacific Ocean (cf. Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 221, p. 9).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18281#page/338/mode/1up","Fulmarus Rodgersii"],["4832","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Bulweria","Bonaparte, 1843","Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali 8(1842) p.426",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria bulwerii [Jardine & Selby, 1828]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy",null,null,null,"Bulweria"],["4833","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Bulweria bifax","Olson, 1975","Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23 p.17","Olson's Petrel","Small St. Helena Petrel","Small Saint Helena Petrel",null,null,"formerly St. Helena Island (South Atlantic); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728804","sshpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sshpet1","avibase-ED16EA1F",null,null,"Pleistocene deposits of aeolian calcareous sand near Sugarloaf Hill (Site 1), St. Helena Island, south Atlantic Ocean","Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean","https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1952","Bulweria bifax"],["4834","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Bulweria bulwerii","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.4 pl.65, with text","Bulwer's Petrel","Bulwer's Petrel","Bulwer's Petrel",null,null,"breeds Azores to Cabo Verde, Round Island (off Mauritius), Ryukyu, Izu, Ogasawara (Bonin), and Iwo (Volcano) islands (southern Japan), islands off southern China, Kiribati, Marquesas Islands, and Northwestern and main Hawaiian islands, including Johnson Atoll; ranges widely in Atlantic, reaching western Africa, widely in tropical Indian Ocean from Mascarenes eastward to New Guinea and northern Australia, and through tropical Pacific",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698132","bulpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bulpet","avibase-058773E4",null,null,"Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/65/mode/1up","Procellaria bulwerii"],["4835","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Bulweria fallax","Jouanin, 1955","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 25 p.158,159,160","Jouanin's Petrel","Jouanin's Petrel","Jouanin's Petrel",null,null,"breeds Socotra (Yemen) and Halaaniyat islands (Oman); ranges mainly northwestern Indian Ocean, including gulfs of Aden and Oman, off eastern Africa to waters of Seychelles and Mascarenes, eastward to western India and off northwestern Australia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698136","joupet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/joupet","avibase-F501ED18",null,null,"northwestern Indian Ocean, lat. 12° 30' N., long. 55° E.","Une nouvelle espèce de Procellariidé.",null,"Bulweria fallax"],["4836","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pseudobulweria","Mathews, 1936","Ibis ser.13, vol.6, no.2 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thalassidroma macgillivrayi [Gray, GR, 1860]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1936.tb03375.x","Pseudobulweria"],["4837","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi","(Gray, 1860)","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.56","Fiji Petrel","Fiji Petrel","Fiji Petrel",null,null,"probably breeds Gau Island (central Fiji); distribution at sea unknown but recorded in Fiji waters",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697935","fijpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fijpet1","avibase-54D9B4DB",null,null,"Ngau, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/68/mode/1up","Thalassidroma (Bulweria) Macgillivrayi"],["4838","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pseudobulweria aterrima","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.191","Mascarene Petrel","Mascarene Petrel","Mascarene Petrel",null,null,"breeds montane Réunion (Mascarenes); formerly also Rodrigues, where extirpated; ranges adjacent Indian Ocean to Seychelles, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Timor Sea (off western Australia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697896","maspet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maspet1","avibase-9331EDA7",null,null,"Reunion.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/749/mode/1up","Procellaria aterrima"],["4839","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pseudobulweria becki","(Murphy, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.322 p.1","Beck's Petrel","Beck's Petrel","Beck's Petrel",null,null,"likely breeds montane southern New Ireland (Bismarck Archipelago); ranges eastern Bismarck Archipelago, widely in Solomon Archipelago, and Vanuatu; also recorded Cenderawasih Bay (northern New Guinea) and north-central Moluccas",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697913","becpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/becpet1","avibase-AA1E16FC",null,null,"Pacific Ocean, lat. 3° S., long. 155° E.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 4.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3810/","Pterodroma becki"],["4840","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pseudobulweria rostrata","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.296","Tahiti Petrel","Tahiti Petrel","Tahiti Petrel",null,null,"breeds Grande Terre (New Caledonia), Gau (Fiji; southwestern Polynesia), American Samoa (central Polynesia), Society, Marquesas, and Gambier islands (southeastern Tuamotu Islands; eastern Polynesia); non-breeders range to tropical Pacific Ocean waters off New Guinea and northern Australia, and east-central Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697925","tahpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tahpet1","avibase-FCFBB7D9",null,null,"Mountains about 6000 feet on Tahiti, Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/316/mode/1up","Procellaria rostrata"],["4841","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pseudobulweria rostrata rostrata","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds American Samoa and Society, Marquesas, and Gambier islands (southeastern Tuamotu Islands); confined to tropical Pacific; ranges to tropical Pacific Ocean waters off New Guinea and northeastern Australia to coasts of Mexico and Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A771AF1",null,null,"Mountains about 6000 feet on Tahiti, Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/316/mode/1up","Procellaria rostrata"],["4842","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pseudobulweria rostrata trouessarti","(Brasil, 1917)","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 23, no.7 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds New Caledonia and perhaps Fiji; ranges southern Pacific Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEEEB199",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Notes sur la faune ornithologique de l'Océanie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27203#page/482/mode/1up","Pterodroma rostrata Trouessarti"],["4843","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria aequinoctialis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 78).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/149/mode/1up","Procellaria"],["4844","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria cinerea","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.563","Grey Petrel","Gray Petrel","Grey Petrel",null,null,"breeds islets of south temperate and subantarctic oceans from Inaccessible and Gough (Atlantic) to Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia), Campbell and Antipodes islands (south of New Zealand); ranges circumpolar subantarctic waters",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698159","grapet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grapet","avibase-843C1B86",null,null,"within the Antarctic Circle = New Zealand seas, lat. 48° S., fide Mathews, 1912, Birds Australia, 2, p. 123.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/64/mode/1up","Procellaria cinerea"],["4845","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria parkinsoni","Gray, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.15 p.245","Black Petrel","Parkinson's Petrel","Black Petrel",null,null,"breeds Little and Great Barrier islands (off North Island, New Zealand); ranges to southeastern offshore Australian waters and east-central Pacific off Mexico southward to Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698150","parpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parpet1","avibase-DB67DB1F",null,null,"New Zealand.","A List of the Birds of New Zealand and the adjacent Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/281/mode/1up","Procellaria parkinsoni"],["4846","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria westlandica","Falla, 1946","Records of the Canterbury Museum 5 p.111","Westland Petrel","Westland Petrel","Westland Petrel",null,null,"breeds coastal foothills of western South Island (New Zealand); ranges to southeastern Australian waters and Humboldt Current from northern Chile southward to Cape Horn",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698155","wespet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wespet1","avibase-9057992B",null,null,"Barrytown, Westland, South Island, New Zealand.","An undescribed form of the Black Petrel.",null,"Procellaria parkinsoni westlandica"],["4847","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria conspicillata","Gould, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.85 p.362","Spectacled Petrel","Spectacled Petrel","Spectacled Petrel",null,null,"breeds Inaccessible Island (Tristan da Cunha); ranges to coast of southern Brazil to northern Argentina, and to southwestern Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728437","spepet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spepet1","avibase-F2ED14C9",null,null,"'very abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.","XLIII. On the Family Procellaridae, with descriptions of Ten new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/392/mode/1up","Procellaria conspicillata"],["4848","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria aequinoctialis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132","White-chinned Petrel","White-chinned Petrel","White-chinned Petrel",null,null,"breeds islets of south temperate and subantarctic oceans north of Antarctic Convergence from Falkland Islands to southern outlying islands of New Zealand; ranges widely in southern oceans, to southern coasts of southern continents and subantarctic islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698140","whcpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpet1","avibase-35EB45A0",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope. Type from South Georgia, fide Dabbene, 1923, Hornero, 3, p. 5",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Procellaria aequinoctialis"],["4849","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria aequinoctialis aequinoctialis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Falkland Islands and South Georgia eastward through southern Indian Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9E85696",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope. Type from South Georgia, fide Dabbene, 1923, Hornero, 3, p. 5",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Procellaria aequinoctialis"],["4850","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Procellaria aequinoctialis steadi","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.107, p. 112",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in Campbell, Antipodes, and Auckland islands (New Zealand region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4D135E4",null,null,"Antipodes and Auckland Islands; type from Antipodes Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/149/mode/1up","Procellaria aequinoctialis steadi"],["4851","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Calonectris","Mathews & Iredale, 1915","Ibis ser.10, vol.3 p.590,592",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria leucomelas [Temminck, 1836]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35484#page/650/mode/1up","Calonectris"],["4852","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Calonectris leucomelas","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.5 pl.587","Streaked Shearwater","Streaked Shearwater","Streaked Shearwater",null,null,"breeds coastal islands from Russian Far East, Korean Peninsula, and Japan to islands off western Taiwan; ranges western Pacific to Philippines, Indonesia, and northern Australia eastward through Melanesia to Micronesia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698172","strshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strshe","avibase-13B165A3",null,null,"seas of Japan and Nagasaki Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/595/mode/1up","Procellaria leucomelas"],["4853","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Calonectris edwardsii","(Oustalet, 1883)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.16, no.5 p.1","Cape Verde Shearwater","Cape Verde Shearwater","Cape Verde Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Cabo Verde; ranges mainly in upwelling systems of tropical and South Atlantic",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729421","cavshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cavshe1","avibase-D6AB20A5",null,null,"Branco, Cape Verde Islands.","Description d'espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux provenant des îles du Cap-Vert.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112111#page/388/mode/1up","Puffinus Edwardsii"],["4854","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Calonectris diomedea","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.74","Scopoli's Shearwater","Scopoli's Shearwater","Scopoli's Shearwater","2025-0892","Taxon <em>borealis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Calonectris diomedea</em> based on differences in plumage, size, and vocalizations, supported by divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Gómez-Díaz et al. 2006, 2009), and mostly distinct microsatellite and olfactory chemical profiles (Zidat et al. 2017). Furthermore, despite occurring in sympatry in part of their range, interbreeding between these taxa is rare.","breeds Mediterranean islands and southwestern France; ranges mainly in upwelling systems of tropical eastern Atlantic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45061132","scoshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scoshe1","avibase-CA4D268D",null,null,"no locality; Tremiti Islands, Adriatic Sea, designated by Committee on Nomenclature, Brit. Ornith. Union, 1946, Ibis, 88, p. 534.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/78/mode/1up","Procellaria diomedea"],["4855","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Calonectris borealis","(Cory, 1881)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 6 p.84","Cory's Shearwater","Cory's Shearwater","Cory's Shearwater","2025-0892","Taxon <em>borealis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Calonectris diomedea</em> based on differences in plumage, size, and vocalizations, supported by divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Gómez-Díaz et al. 2006, 2009), and mostly distinct microsatellite and olfactory chemical profiles (Zidat et al. 2017). Furthermore, despite occurring in sympatry in part of their range, interbreeding between these taxa is rare.","eastern Atlantic, breeding from Azores southward to Canary Islands and eastward to Galicia (northwestern Spain) and Berlengas Islands (off west-central Portugal); ranges widely in Atlantic, but mainly in upwelling systems of the Benguela and Agulhas currents",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732244","corshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corshe1","avibase-710BB4E6",null,null,"off Chatham Island, Massachusetts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69165#page/98/mode/1up","Puffinus borealis"],["4856","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.iv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Puffinus major [Faber, 1822]; type by original designation and monotypy = Procellaria gravis O'Reilly, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/72/mode/1up","Ardenna"],["4857","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna pacifica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.560","Wedge-tailed Shearwater","Wedge-tailed Shearwater","Wedge-tailed Shearwater",null,null,"widespread in tropical and subtropical Pacific and Indian oceans, breeding on islets from Seychelles and Mascarenes eastward through Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) islands (southern Japan) and northern Australia, thence to Hawaiian Islands (widespread) and Revillagigedo Islands (off central Mexico); ranges from northeastern Africa and Malagasy region eastward to southern Baja California and southward to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698175","wetshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wetshe","avibase-E94A7272",null,null,"Pacific Ocean. Type locality restricted to Kermadec Islands. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 80.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/61/mode/1up","Procellaria pacifica"],["4858","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna bulleri","(Salvin, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.23 p.354","Buller's Shearwater","Buller's Shearwater","Buller's Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Poor Knights Islands (off northern North Island, New Zealand); wide trans-Pacific dispersal northward to the Aleutians, also eastern Australia and western South American waters to central Chile",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698182","bulshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bulshe","avibase-83F9C058",null,null,"New Zealand.","Critical Notes on the Procellariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/382/mode/1up","Puffinus bulleri"],["4859","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna tenuirostris","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.5 text to pl.587","Short-tailed Shearwater","Short-tailed Shearwater","Short-tailed Shearwater",null,null,"breeds islets off southern Australia, including Bass Strait and Tasmania; ranges to Antarctic ice edge waters, then to Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, and Bering Sea (North Pacific Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698216","shtshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtshe","avibase-60825BF6",null,null,"seas north of Japan and shores of Korea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/596/mode/1up","Procellaria tenuirostris"],["4860","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna grisea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.564","Sooty Shearwater","Sooty Shearwater","Sooty Shearwater",null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (including Macquarie Island), New Zealand including associated subantarctic island groups, far southern South America (including the Falkland Islands), and Tristan da Cunha (south Atlantic Ocean); winters northward in North Atlantic to Greenland and northwestern Europe, and in northern Pacific to Gulf of Alaska and western USA",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698209","sooshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sooshe","avibase-1725B07D",null,null,"Southern Hemisphere between 35° S. and 50° S. - New Zealand, as designated by Mathews, 1912, Birds Australia, 2, p. 95.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/65/mode/1up","Procellaria grisea"],["4861","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna gravis","(O'Reilly, 1818)","Greenland, the adjacent seas, and the North-west Passage to the Pacific Ocean, illustrated in a voyage to Davis's Strait, during the summer of 1817 p.140 pl.12 fig.1","Great Shearwater","Great Shearwater","Great Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Tristan da Cunha group (mainly) and Kidney Island (Falkland Islands; few); ranges in Atlantic off southern South America and southern Africa, and northward to southern Greenland and northwestern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698201","greshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greshe","avibase-8B879DFA",null,null,"Cape Farewell and Staten Hook to Newfoundland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30184#page/176/mode/1up","Procellaria Gravis"],["4862","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna carneipes","(Gould, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.85 p.365","Flesh-footed Shearwater","Flesh-footed Shearwater","Flesh-footed Shearwater",null,null,"breeds islets off St. Paul (central Indian Ocean), southern Australia, Lord Howe Island (east of Australia), North Island and Cook Strait (New Zealand); ranges to Arabian Sea, eastern Malagasy region, Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan to Gulf of Alaska and western USA coast (rare)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698188","flfshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flfshe","avibase-08F22F84",null,null,"small islands off Cape Leeuwin, Western Australia.","XLIII. On the Family Procellaridae, with descriptions of Ten new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/395/mode/1up","Puffinus carneipes"],["4863","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Ardenna creatopus","(Coues, 1864)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.131","Pink-footed Shearwater","Pink-footed Shearwater","Pink-footed Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Juan Fernández and Mocha islands off central Chile; ranges inshore and coastal eastern Pacific Ocean waters northward to Gulf of Alaska and southward to southern Chile",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698195","pifshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pifshe","avibase-9A77D2B0",null,null,"San Nicolas Island, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/139/mode/1up","Puffinus creatopus"],["4864","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.56;6, p.129,130",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Procellaria puffinus [Brünnich, 1764]; type by tautonymy = Procellaria puffinus Brünnich, 1764",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/100/mode/1up","Puffinus"],["4865","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus nativitatis","Streets, 1877","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, pt.7 p.29","Christmas Shearwater","Christmas Shearwater","Christmas Shearwater",null,null,"breeds eastern Polynesian island groups, in Line, Austral, Marquesas, Gambier, and Pitcairn islands, Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern and islets off main islands), Easter Island, and Salas y Gomez; ranges westward to Micronesia and eastward to coasts of western Mexico southward to Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698222","chrshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chrshe","avibase-EBFA76B4",null,null,"Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100798#page/613/mode/1up","Puffinus (Nectris) nativitatis"],["4866","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus subalaris","Ridgway, 1897","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 19, no.1116 p.650","Galapagos Shearwater","Galapagos Shearwater","Galapagos Shearwater",null,null,"breeds islets off larger Galapagos Islands; ranges to waters off west-central Mexico and Central America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733979","audshe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/audshe3","avibase-5FE42C6D",null,null,"Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31780#page/776/mode/1up","Puffinus subalaris"],["4867","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus gavia","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.148","Fluttering Shearwater","Fluttering Shearwater","Fluttering Shearwater",null,null,"breeds islets of northeastern North Island and Marlborough Sounds (northeastern South Island, New Zealand); ranges to Australian waters",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698249","flushe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flushe1","avibase-426C93D3",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/170/mode/1up","Procellaria gavia"],["4868","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus huttoni","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.47,77","Hutton's Shearwater","Hutton's Shearwater","Hutton's Shearwater",null,null,"breeds montane northeastern South Island (New Zealand); ranges to seas off western, southern, and eastern Australia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698252","hutshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hutshe1","avibase-27FAC807",null,null,"Snares Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/111/mode/1up","Puffinus reinholdi huttoni"],["4869","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus puffinus","(Brünnich, 1764)","Ornithologia borealis, sistens collectionem avium ex omnibus, Imperio Danico subjectis (etc.) p.29","Manx Shearwater","Manx Shearwater","Manx Shearwater",null,null,"breeds islands of subarctic, temperate, and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean; non-breeders range to South Atlantic Ocean waters of Brazil and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and southwestern Africa, mostly over continental shelves",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698226","manshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manshe","avibase-5AEDC002",null,null,"Faroes and Norway.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265835#page/41/mode/1up","Procellaria puffinus"],["4870","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus puffinus puffinus","(Brünnich, 1764)","Ornithologia borealis, sistens collectionem avium ex omnibus, Imperio Danico subjectis (etc.) p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds North Atlantic, from islands off southern Iceland eastward to France, Azores, and Madeira, and Newfoundland to Massachusetts (southeastern Canada to northeastern USA); ranges to Atlantic coasts of Brazil and Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego, mostly over continental shelf, and (rarer) along eastern North Pacific coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9E8D519",null,null,"Faroes and Norway.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265835#page/41/mode/1up","Procellaria puffinus"],["4871","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus puffinus canariensis","Rodríguez, Rodríguez, Montelongo et al., 2020","Journal of Avian Biology 51 10.1111/jav.02633",null,null,null,null,null,"La Palma and Tenerife (Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3009BCF0",null,null,"La Orotava (Tenerife Island, Canary Islands) admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center La Tahonilla on 6 March 2009","Cryptic differentiation in the Manx shearwater hinders the identification of a new endemic subspecies","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345830293","Puffinus puffinus canariensis"],["4872","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus yelkouan","(Acerbi, 1827)","Biblioteca Italiana 47 p.297","Mediterranean Shearwater",null,null,"2025-0772","Taxon <em>mauretanicus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Puffinus yelkouan</em> based on analysis of genomic data (Ferrer Obiol et al. 2021, 2023), supported by mitochondrial DNA (Genovart et al. 2005, 2012), and phenotypic data (Genovart et al. 2012). Both mitochondrial DNA and genomic data indicate relatively low levels of differentiation, comparable to, or lower than, reported for <em>P. puffinus</em> subspecies (Genovart et al. 2005; Rodríguez et al. 2020; Ferrer Obiol et al. 2023), and provide evidence of gene flow between <em>mauretanicus </em>and <em>yelkouan</em>; phenotypic traits also show evidence of intermediacy and admixture in <em>mauretanicus</em> (Genovart et al. 2012). Although assortative mating and distinct vocalizations have been reported (Curé et al. 2010), the available evidence is insufficient to confirm species-level differences.","breeds on Mediterranean islands and western Black Sea; ranges throughout Mediterranean and Black Sea and disperses to Atlantic coasts of southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-192A4260",null,null,"the Bosphorus, opposite Bujukdere.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33672#page/303/mode/1up","Procellaria Yelkouan"],["4873","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus yelkouan yelkouan","(Acerbi, 1827)","Biblioteca Italiana 47 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and eastern Mediterranean islands and western Black Sea; ranges throughout Mediterranean and Black Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD97EC1E",null,null,"the Bosphorus, opposite Bujukdere.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33672#page/303/mode/1up","Procellaria Yelkouan"],["4874","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus yelkouan mauretanicus","Lowe, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41, no.259 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets in Balearic Islands; ranges to Atlantic coasts of southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42F573C7",null,null,"Algiers.","Description of a new race of Shearwater from the western end of the Mediterranean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/171/mode/1up","Puffinus puffinus mauretanicus"],["4875","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus lherminieri","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.102","Sargasso Shearwater","Sargasso Shearwater",null,"2025-0889","Taxa <em>boydi </em>and <em>baroli </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Puffinus lherminieri</em> based on a combination of morphological, genomic (Ferrer Obiol et al. 2021, 2022), and multilocus DNA data (Torres et al. 2021). Although morphological characters align <em>boydi </em>with <em>lherminieri</em>,<em> </em>all genetic studies recover <em>boydi </em>and the distinctive-looking <em>baroli </em>as sister taxa, thus supporting a 3-species treatment.","breeds Elbow Cay (east of central Abaco, northern Bahamas), Long Cay (Exumas, east-central Bahamas), off northern Cuba, east of Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean Sea); Crab Cay (Providencia Islands, east of Nicaragua); Tiger Cay (Bocos del Toro Archipelago, Caribbean northwestern Panama); islas Los Roques, Orchila, and Los Hermanos (north of central Venezuela); and islets of Fernando de Noronha (east of northern Brazil); non-breeders range to Gulf Stream north to New England (western North Atlantic) and Gulf of Mexico",null,null,null,"audshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/audshe","avibase-06C36D41",null,null,"Antilles; Saint Barthélemy, Guadeloupe, West Indies (Olson, 2013)","Description de treize oiseaux nouveaux, suivies de rectifications sur quelques espèces déjà publiées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/110/mode/1up","Pufflnus Lherminieri"],["4876","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus lherminieri lherminieri","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds locally in northern Caribbean, on islets of Bahamas, off northern Cuba, east of Puerto Rico, the Lesser Antilles, and Providencia; formerly Bermuda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-962D6C7A",null,null,"Antilles; Saint Barthélemy, Guadeloupe, West Indies (Olson, 2013)","Description de treize oiseaux nouveaux, suivies de rectifications sur quelques espèces déjà publiées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/110/mode/1up","Pufflnus Lherminieri"],["4877","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus lherminieri loyemilleri","Wetmore, 1959","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds locally in southwestern Caribbean, on islets off eastern Panama and Venezuela, and Fernando de Noronha (off northern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EC3D7D7",null,null,"Tiger Rock, Tiger Cays, off Cabo Valiente, Valiente Peninsula, Bocas del Toro, Panama.","Description of a race of the Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri from Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/33/mode/1up","Puffinus lherminieri loyemilleri"],["4878","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus baroli","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.204","Barolo Shearwater","Barolo Shearwater",null,"2025-0889","Taxa <em>boydi </em>and <em>baroli </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Puffinus lherminieri</em> based on a combination of morphological, genomic (Ferrer Obiol et al. 2021, 2022), and multilocus DNA data (Torres et al. 2021). Although morphological characters align <em>boydi </em>with <em>lherminieri</em>,<em> </em>all genetic studies recover <em>boydi </em>and the distinctive-looking <em>baroli </em>as sister taxa, thus supporting a 3-species treatment.","breeds Azores, Madeira including Desertas and Salvage islands, and Canary islands; ranges (rarely) to coasts of southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa, and near shelf-slope break off New England (northeastern USA)",null,null,null,"litshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litshe1","avibase-5F555FDD",null,null,"Mediterranean, Desertas near Madeira, Canary Islands; restricted to Desertas by Bannerman, 1914, Ibis, p. 477.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/762/mode/1up","Procellaria baroli"],["4879","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus boydi","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.70","Boyd's Shearwater","Boyd's Shearwater",null,"2025-0889","Taxa <em>boydi </em>and <em>baroli </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Puffinus lherminieri</em> based on a combination of morphological, genomic (Ferrer Obiol et al. 2021, 2022), and multilocus DNA data (Torres et al. 2021). Although morphological characters align <em>boydi </em>with <em>lherminieri</em>,<em> </em>all genetic studies recover <em>boydi </em>and the distinctive-looking <em>baroli </em>as sister taxa, thus supporting a 3-species treatment.","breeds Cabo Verde; ranges (rarely) to Canary Islands, northwestern African coastal waters and Amazon Reef (northeastern South America)",null,null,null,"litshe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litshe2","avibase-C817F455",null,null,"Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/100/mode/1up","Puffinus lherminieri boydi"],["4880","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus heinrothi","Reichenow, 1919","Journal für Ornithologie 67, no.2 p.225","Heinroth's Shearwater","Heinroth's Shearwater","Heinroth's Shearwater",null,null,"presumably breeds montane Bougainville, Kolombangara, and Rendova (northern and west-central Solomon Archipelago); non-breeders range westward to Flores, Moluccan seas, and Bismarck Archipelago",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698277","heishe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heishe1","avibase-2ABFA6CC",null,null,"Blanche Bay, New Britain.","Neu benannter Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43517#page/239/mode/1up","Puffinus heinrothi"],["4881","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus elegans","Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.68","Subantarctic Shearwater","Subantarctic Shearwater","Subantarctic Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Tristan da Cunha and Gough (Atlantic), and Chatham and Antipodes islands (New Zealand); ranges in South Atlantic to Falkland Islands and southwestern Africa, and widely in South Pacific from southern New Zealand to south-central Chilean coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45959186","litshe4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litshe4","avibase-6F4BBFE2",null,null,"South Atlantic Ocean, lat. 43° 54' S.; long. 9° 20' E.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/90/mode/1up","Puffinus elegans"],["4882","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus assimilis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.7","Little Shearwater","Little Shearwater","Little Shearwater",null,null,"south-central Indian Ocean, islets off southwestern and southern Australia, and outlying islands of New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45959011","litshe8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litshe8","avibase-0205EDC6",null,null,"New South Wales = Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/309/mode/1up","Puffinus assimilis"],["4883","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus assimilis assimilis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia); ranges through Tasman Sea and eastward to Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3AB66CC",null,null,"New South Wales = Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/309/mode/1up","Puffinus assimilis"],["4884","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus assimilis haurakiensis","Fleming & Serventy, 1943","The Emu 43 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets off northeastern coast of North Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9B8EE12",null,null,"Lizard Island, Mokohinau Islands, New Zealand.","The races of Puffinus assimilis in Australia and New Zealand.","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1071/MU943113","Puffinus assimilis haurakiensis"],["4885","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus assimilis kermadecensis","Murphy, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.276 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kermadec Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D4303DD",null,null,"Herald Island, Kermadec Group.","On certain forms of Puffinus assimilis and its allies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4069/","Puffinus assimilis kermadecensis"],["4886","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus assimilis tunneyi","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.47,71",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands off southwestern Australia (Abrolhos Islands to Archipelago of the Récherche); ranges through southeastern Indian Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0C5C539",null,null,"Boxer Island, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/77/mode/1up","Puffinus assimilis tunneyi"],["4887","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bryani","Pyle, Welch & Fleischer, 2011","The Condor 113, no.3 p.525 [518-527]","Bryan's Shearwater","Bryan's Shearwater","Bryan's Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Higashi-jima, northern Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (southern Japan); ranges southern Japanese waters but originally discovered on Midway Island (Hawaii)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45354718","bryshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bryshe1","avibase-4D3C7770",null,null,"Sand Island, Midway Atoll, north-central Pacific Ocean (28° 05' 30\"N, 177° 04'33\"W), collected by A. B. Amerson on 18 February 1963","A new species of shearwater (Puffinus) recorded from Midway Atoll, northwestern Hawaiian Islands.","https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/113/3/518/5152708","Puffinus bryani"],["4888","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus persicus","Hume, 1872","Stray Feathers 1 p.5","Persian Shearwater","Persian Shearwater","Persian Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Khuriya Muriya Islands (south of Oman), Socotra, and Moheli (=Mwali, Comoros); non-breeders range Arabian Sea to Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, Comoros (southwestern Indian Ocean), and western coast of India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698267","pershe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pershe1","avibase-198120BB",null,null,"at sea between Guadar and Muscat.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/21/mode/1up","Puffinus Persicus"],["4889","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus persicus persicus","Hume, 1872","Stray Feathers 1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Khuriya Muriya Islands (off Oman) and Socotra; ranges Arabian Sea to Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and western Indian coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1C0D06F",null,null,"at sea between Guadar and Muscat.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/21/mode/1up","Puffinus Persicus"],["4890","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus persicus temptator","Louette & Herremans, 1985","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 105 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Mohéli Island (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF411FA5",null,null,"St-Antoine (Moheli) alt: 697 m [Comores]","A new race of Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri breeding at Moheli, Comoro Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/271/mode/1up","Puffinus lherminieri temptator"],["4891","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bailloni","(Bonaparte, 1857)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.205","Tropical Shearwater","Tropical Shearwater","Tropical Shearwater",null,null,"breeds tropical Indian Ocean in Malagasy region and tropical Pacific Ocean from Vanuatu through Austral, Marquesas, and Gambier islands (eastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734070","troshe5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/troshe5","avibase-6DA05B66",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/763/mode/1up","Procellaria nugax a. bailloni"],["4892","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bailloni nicolae","Jouanin, 1971","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 40[\"1970\"], pt3-4 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Inner Islands of the Seychelles, and perhaps others in northwestern Indian Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD0664D5",null,null,"Cousine Island, Seychelles.","Note taxinomique sur les Petits puffins Puffinus lherminieri, de l'Océan indien occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/316700#page/130/mode/1up","Puffinus lherminieri nicolae"],["4893","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bailloni colstoni","Shirihai & Christie, 1996","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 116 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Aldabra Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECC82D49",null,null,"Gionnet, Aldabra, 31 January 1968","A new taxon of small shearwater from the Indian Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/510/mode/1up","Puffinus lherminieri colstoni"],["4894","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bailloni bailloni","(Bonaparte, 1857)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europa (Mozambique Channel) and Réunion (Mascarenes); formerly also Mauritius",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-689D8201",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/763/mode/1up","Procellaria nugax a. bailloni"],["4895","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bailloni dichrous","Finsch & Hartlaub, 1867","Beitrag zur Fauna Centralpolynesiens. Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa- und Tonga-Inseln p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tropical Pacific islands from Mariana and Caroline islands southward to Fiji and eastward to the Austral, Marquesas, and Gambier islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A4C247D",null,null,"McKean Island, Phoenix group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50141#page/290/mode/1up","Puffinus dichrous"],["4896","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bailloni gunax","Mathews, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Mere Lava, northern Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2125B195",null,null,"Melapav Islet, Banks group. New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/89/mode/1up","Puffinus lherminieri gunax"],["4897","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus opisthomelas","Coues, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.139","Black-vented Shearwater","Black-vented Shearwater","Black-vented Shearwater",null,null,"breeds islands off western coast of Baja California and northern Gulf of Mexico; ranges to central California inshore waters, Gulf of California, and inshore waters of west-central Mexico",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698246","bkvshe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkvshe","avibase-4FC153E1",null,null,"Cape San Lucas, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/147/mode/1up","Puffinus opisthomelas"],["4898","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus bannermani","Mathews & Iredale, 1915","Ibis ser.10, vol.3 p.594","Bannerman's Shearwater","Bannerman's Shearwater","Bannerman's Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) islands (far southern Japan); ranges in Japanese waters",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698272","troshe4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/troshe4","avibase-6B59E687",null,null,"North Iwojima, Bonin Islands.","On some Petrels from the North-East Pacific Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35484#page/654/mode/1up","Puffinus bannermani"],["4899","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus myrtae","Bourne, 1959","The Emu 59 p.212,213","Rapa Shearwater","Rapa Shearwater","Rapa Shearwater",null,null,"breeds Rapa Island (Austral Islands); non-breeding range unknown",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/132468585","towshe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/towshe3","avibase-869D13F7",null,null,"Rapa Island, Austral Group.","A new Little Shearwater from the Tabaui Islands : Puffinus assimilis myrtae subsp. nov..",null,"Puffinus assimilis myrtae"],["4900","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus auricularis","Townsend, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.133","Townsend's Shearwater","Townsend's Shearwater","Townsend's Shearwater",null,null,"breeds mountains of Revillagigedo Islands (off western Mexico); ranges to coastal waters from southern Baja California to Oaxaca (western Mexico)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698235","towshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/towshe1","avibase-85EB0CC4",null,null,"Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/165/mode/1up","Puffinus auricularis"],["4901","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Puffinus newelli","Henshaw, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.246","Newell's Shearwater","Newell's Shearwater","Newell's Shearwater",null,null,"breeds mountains of Hawaiian Islands (mainly Kauai, but also Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii); ranges to waters south of Japan and Mariana Islands and to southwestern Pacific near New Caledonia, Solomon Archipelago, and Vanuatu",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/132467692","towshe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/towshe2","avibase-445A0B00",null,null,"Waihee Valley, Ulani = Maui Island, Hawaiian Islands.","Description of a new Shearwater from the Hawaiian Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/5/","Puffinus newelli"],["4902","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Procellaria urinatrix [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA13#v=onepage","Pelecanoides"],["4903","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides garnotii","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.394","Peruvian Diving Petrel","Peruvian Diving-Petrel","Peruvian Diving-petrel",null,null,"breeds islets of Humboldt Current zone from Lobos de Tierra (off northern Peru) to Coronel (Bio-Bio region, south-central Chile)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698280","pedpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pedpet1","avibase-770BA3E8",null,null,"coast of Peru between San Gallan Island and Lima.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/402/mode/1up","Puffinuria Garnotii"],["4904","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides georgicus","Murphy & Harper, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.7 p.66","South Georgia Diving Petrel","South Georgia Diving-Petrel",null,"2025-0894","Taxon <em>whenuahouensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pelecanoides georgicus</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences are subtle, morphological traits considered diagnostic show considerable variation within taxa (Fischer et al. 2018), and mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Grosser et al. 2021).","islands of subantarctic Atlantic, Indian, and southwestern Pacific oceans from South Georgia to Heard Island (south-central South Indian Ocean) and Codfish Island (=Whenua Hou, northwest of Stewart Island, New Zealand)",null,null,null,"sgdpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sgdpet1","avibase-1838EC86",null,null,"Cumberland Bay, South Georgia.","Two new Diving Petrels.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1843","Pelecanoides georgica"],["4905","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides georgicus georgicus","Murphy & Harper, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.7 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in subantarctic circumpolar regions: South Georgia Island (Atlantic); Prince Edward, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, and Heard islands (Indian Ocean); and on Macquarie Island (Australia); ranges at sea in waters near breeding sites",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5FE30FF",null,null,"Cumberland Bay, South Georgia.","Two new Diving Petrels.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1843","Pelecanoides georgica"],["4906","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides georgicus whenuahouensis","Fischer, Debski, Miskelly et al., 2018","PLoS ONE 13(6) e0197766",null,null,null,"2025-0894","Taxon <em>whenuahouensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pelecanoides georgicus</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences are subtle, morphological traits considered diagnostic show considerable variation within taxa (Fischer et al. 2018), and mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Grosser et al. 2021).","breeds New Zealand (Codfish Island, off Stewart Island; formerly also bred on Auckland Islands); non-breeders range to subantarctic waters south of Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A20DB825",null,null,"Codfish Island, New Zealand, on 22 September 1978 by MJ Imber","Analyses of phenotypic differentiations among South Georgian Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) populations reveal an undescribed and highly endangered species from New Zealand.","http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0197766&type=printable","Pelecanoides whenuahouensis"],["4907","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides magellani","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.239","Magellanic Diving Petrel","Magellanic Diving-Petrel","Magellanic Diving-petrel",null,null,"breeds islets in Chilean fjords to Cape Horn; ranges coasts and fjords northward to south-central Chile and coastal Santa Cruz (southeastern Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698288","madpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madpet1","avibase-C849C714",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/313/mode/1up","Puffinuria garnotii magellani"],["4908","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides urinatrix","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.560","Common Diving Petrel","Common Diving-Petrel","Common Diving-petrel",null,null,"breeds islands of subtropical to subantarctic Atlantic, Indian, and southwestern Pacific; non-breeders range temperate and subantarctic southern oceans around southern South America and to southeast of New Zealand region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698300","codpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/codpet1","avibase-8A40716A",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/61/mode/1up","Procellaria urinatrix"],["4909","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides urinatrix dacunhae","Nicoll, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tristan da Cunha and Gough islands (South Atlantic)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D9EF1A6",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/129/mode/1up","Pelecanoides dacunhae"],["4910","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides urinatrix berard","(Gaimard, 1823)","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 3 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CADD3360",null,null,"near the Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25872#page/59/mode/1up","Procellaria Berard"],["4911","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides urinatrix urinatrix","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.560",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets of southeastern Australia including Bass Strait and Tasmania, and off North Island, and Cook and Foveaux straits (New Zealand); ranges in nearby seas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7FCC39B",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/61/mode/1up","Procellaria urinatrix"],["4912","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides urinatrix chathamensis","Murphy & Harper, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.7 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islets of Chatham, Stewart, and Snares islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EED9023",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","Two new Diving Petrels.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1843","Pelecanoides urinatrix chathamensis"],["4913","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul","Salvin, 1896","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 25 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds subantarctic islands from South Georgia Island eastward to Macquarie Island (Australia), and Auckland, Campbell, and Antipodes islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A236E1B",null,null,"Kerguelen Island, as determined by Murphy and Harper, 1921, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 44, p. 544.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34471#page/458/mode/1up","Pelecanoides exsul"],["4914","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pelecanoides urinatrix coppingeri","Mathews, 1912","The birds of Australia 2 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"presumably breeds islands of southern Chile; ranges of Santa Cruz Province (southeastern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3F1458E",null,null,"Straits of Magellan. Type from Cockle Cove, Pilot Island, Trinidad Channel, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/312/mode/1up","Pelecanoides urinatrix coppingeri"],["4915","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Halobaena","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.768",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria caerulea [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/778/mode/1up","Halobaena"],["4916","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Halobaena caerulea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.560","Blue Petrel","Blue Petrel","Blue Petrel",null,null,"breeds islands of subantarctic Atlantic and Indian oceans mostly south of Antarctic Convergence from Diego Ramírez (south of Tierra del Fuego), Cape Horn, and South Georgia through subantarctic islands of southern Indian Ocean to Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia); forages to Antarctic waters; disperses to waters of southern South America and southern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698102","blupet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blupet1","avibase-68D6A13A",null,null,"Southern Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/61/mode/1up","Procellaria caerulea"],["4917","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.274",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria forsteri [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Selby, 1840, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, p. 49). = Procellaria vittata G. Forster, 1777  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/298/mode/1up","Pachyptila"],["4918","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila turtur","(Kuhl, 1820)","Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie 1 p.143","Fairy Prion","Fairy Prion","Fairy Prion",null,null,"breeds scattered subtropical and subantarctic islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698124","faipri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faipri1","avibase-ED1DDABB",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89679#page/157/mode/1up","Procellaria turtur"],["4919","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila turtur turtur","(Kuhl, 1820)","Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie 1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Falkland Islands, South Georgia, southern Indian Ocean islands, Tasmania and Bass Strait islands, satellite islands off North, South and Stewart islands, and Chatham Islands (New Zealand); ranges near colonies and to eastern Australian waters",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D97D818",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89679#page/157/mode/1up","Procellaria turtur"],["4920","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila turtur subantarctica","Oliver, 1955","New Zealand birds, 2nd ed. ed2 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Macquarie (southeast of Australia) and Snares and Antipodes islands (New Zealand); disperses southern oceans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3787672",null,null,"Antipodes Island.",null,null,"Pachyptila turtur subantarctica"],["4921","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila crassirostris","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.221","Fulmar Prion","Fulmar Prion","Fulmar Prion",null,null,"Heard Island (south-central Indian Ocean) and outlying New Zealand islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698128","fulpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fulpri1","avibase-FF7A685E",null,null,"Bounty Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/293/mode/1up","Pseudoprion turtur crassirostris"],["4922","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila crassirostris crassirostris","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Snares and Bounty islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8210075F",null,null,"Bounty Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/293/mode/1up","Pseudoprion turtur crassirostris"],["4923","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila crassirostris pyramidalis","Fleming, 1939","The Emu 38 p.398,400",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Chatham Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5581209E",null,null,"Pyramid Rock, Chatham Islands.","Birds of the Chatham Islands.","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1071/MU939001?journalCode=temu20","Pachyptila (Pseudoprion) eatoni pyramidalis"],["4924","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila crassirostris flemingi","Tennyson & Bartle, 2005","Notornis 52, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Heard Island (south Indian Ocean) and Auckland islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-360F871B",null,null,"Ewing Island, Auckland Islands, New Zealand, by B.D. Bell on 23 February 1973","A scientific name for fulmar prions nesting at  Auckland and Heard Islands","https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/a-scientific-name-for-fulmar-prions-nesting-at-auckland-and-heard-islands/","Pachyptila crassirostris flemingi"],["4925","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila vittata","(Forster, 1777)","A voyage round the world, in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the years 1772, 3, 4, and 5 1 p.91,98,note","Broad-billed Prion","Broad-billed Prion","Broad-billed Prion",null,null,"breeds islands off New Zealand and Tristan da Cunha group; disperses southern oceans",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698106","brbpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbpri1","avibase-93860B9B",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha.",null,null,"Procellaria vittata"],["4926","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila macgillivrayi","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.211","MacGillivray's Prion","MacGillivray's Prion","MacGillivray's Prion",null,null,"breeds in the southern Atlantic Ocean (Gough Island) and the southern Indian Ocean (off St. Paul Island, formerly also Amsterdam Island); at-sea distribution not well known",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104062579","salpri3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salpri3","avibase-A8433A58",null,null,"St. Paul Island, Indian Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/279/mode/1up","Prion vittata macgillivrayi"],["4927","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila belcheri","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.215,224","Slender-billed Prion","Slender-billed Prion","Slender-billed Prion",null,null,"breeds Crozet, Kerguelen, Noir (off southern Chile), and Falkland islands; ranges southern oceans to Humboldt Current of western South America, off coast to southern Brazil, and southern Australasia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698119","slbpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbpri1","avibase-0D885A80",null,null,"Geelong, Victoria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/296/mode/1up","Heteroprion belcheri"],["4928","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila desolata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.562","Antarctic Prion","Antarctic Prion","Antarctic Prion",null,null,"breeds islets of subantarctic to Antarctic oceans (mainly south of Antarctic Convergence), from Antarctic Peninsula to north of Ross Sea, Macquarie (Australia), and Auckland Islands; ranges from pack-ice to waters off southern South America, Africa, and Australasia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698114","dovpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dovpri1","avibase-105C306C",null,null,"Desolation Island = Kerguelen Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/63/mode/1up","Procellaria desolata"],["4929","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pachyptila salvini","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.212","Salvin's Prion","Salvin's Prion","Salvin's Prion",null,null,"breeds Prince Edward and Crozet islands; ranges to southern Indian Ocean and southern Australasian seas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104062546","salpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salpri2","avibase-A819451A",null,null,"'Crozets, Marion Island, etc.'; restricted to Marion Island by Mathews, 1934, Novit. Zool., 39, p. 172.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/280/mode/1up","Prion vittatus salvini"],["4930","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Aphrodroma","Olson, 2000","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 120 p.60 [59-61]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oestrelata kidderi [Coues, 1875]; type by original designation = Procellaria brevirostris Lesson, 1831",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123705#page/68/mode/1up","Aphrodroma"],["4931","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Aphrodroma brevirostris","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.611","Kerguelen Petrel","Kerguelen Petrel","Kerguelen Petrel",null,null,"breeds South Georgia, Gough, Inaccessible, Prince Edward, Crozet, and Kerguelen islands; ranges subantarctic and Antarctic waters north of pack-ice",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697888","kerpet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kerpet2","avibase-62797BD3",null,null,"No type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/649/mode/1up","Procellaria brevirostris"],["4932","genus","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.768",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procellaria macroptera [Smith, A, 1840]; type by subsequent designation (Coues, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 137).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/778/mode/1up","Pterodroma"],["4933","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma mollis","(Gould, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.85 p.363","Soft-plumaged Petrel","Soft-plumaged Petrel","Soft-plumaged Petrel",null,null,"breeds subtropical to subantarctic islands of South Indian and South Atlantic oceans, from Tristan da Cunha and Gough to Maatsuyker (off Tasmania), Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia), and Antipodes Islands (south of New Zealand); ranges to southern waters off Australasia, Africa, and South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698080","soppet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soppet1","avibase-12286A1E",null,null,"South Atlantic Ocean.","XLIII. On the Family Procellaridae, with descriptions of Ten new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/393/mode/1up","Procellaria mollis"],["4934","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma magentae","(Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.61","Magenta Petrel","Magenta Petrel","Magenta Petrel",null,null,"breeds only in forest of southern Chatham Island; ranges to Pitcairn group, Juan Fernandez and Nazca Ridge off South America; rare, population about 200",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698049","magpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magpet1","avibase-44C20FFF",null,null,"Pacific Ocean, lat. 39 38'S, lon 125 48' W (of Greenwich)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/83/mode/1up","Aestrelata Magentae"],["4935","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma incerta","(Schlegel, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.4 Procellariae no.22 p.9,10","Atlantic Petrel","Atlantic Petrel","Atlantic Petrel",null,null,"breeds Gough and (at least formerly) Tristan da Cunha; ranges to deep offshore waters of southern Brazil to Argentina, and southwestern Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698084","atlpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atlpet1","avibase-23865D25",null,null,"'Mers australes.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51710#page/141/mode/1up","Procellaria incerta"],["4936","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma gouldi","(Hutton, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.19 p.351","Grey-faced Petrel","Gray-faced Petrel","Grey-faced Petrel",null,null,"breeds on headlands and islands off northern North Island (New Zealand), especially Moutohora Island and Hongiora Island (Bay of Plenty); non-breeding range in deep subtropical water from Tasman Sea (off southeastern Australia) to southern Melanesian waters (southwestern Pacific Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45048990","grwpet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grwpet2","avibase-DF92B7F9",null,null,"New Zealand seas.","[Letter of F. W. Hutton from Auckland, 7th March, 1869].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/393/mode/1up","Aestrelata gouldi"],["4937","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma lessonii","(Garnot, 1826)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7 p.54 pl.4","White-headed Petrel","White-headed Petrel","White-headed Petrel",null,null,"breeds subantarctic islands of South Indian and South Pacific oceans, from Crozet to Antipodes and Auckland islands; ranges to southern waters off South America, Africa, Australasia, and Antarctica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698055","whhpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhpet1","avibase-7C787E7D",null,null,"'Dans les parages du Cap Horn et de la mer Pacifique par 52° de lat. sept. [= austr.] et 85° de longit.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/68/mode/1up","Procellaria Lessonii"],["4938","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma macroptera","(Smith, 1840)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.11 pl.52,text","Great-winged Petrel","Great-winged Petrel","Great-winged Petrel",null,null,"breeds on subtropical to temperate islands from Tristan da Cunha and Gough (south-central South Atlantic Ocean) to Kerguelen Island (southern Indian Ocean), and Eclipse and Coffin islands (off southwestern Australia); non-breeding range in subtropical to temperate South Atlantic and southern Indian oceans from east of southern South America to southern Australian waters",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45048812","grwpet3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grwpet3","avibase-508E7E59",null,null,"Cape seas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/219/mode/1up","Procellaria macroptera"],["4939","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma hasitata","(Kuhl, 1820)","Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie 1 p.142","Black-capped Petrel","Black-capped Petrel","Black-capped Petrel","2025-0890","Extinct taxon <em>caribbaea </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pterodroma hasitata</em> based on consistent differences in plumage, tarsal coloration, size, and proportions, combined with data on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Manly et al. 2013) and feather lice. Sometimes considered a dark morph of <em>hasitata</em>, the combined evidence suggests that <em>caribbaea </em>is better treated as a separate species.","breeds montane Hispaniola (\"Dark-faced\") and Dominica (\"White-faced\"), perhaps also southeastern Cuba and northeastern Jamaica; extinct as a breeder Guadeloupe; ranges to Gulf Stream off southern Canada to North Carolina and throughout Caribbean",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698092","bkcpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcpet","avibase-DCD73C3A",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89679#page/156/mode/1up","Procellaria hasitata"],["4940","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma caribbaea","Carte, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.93 pl.11","Jamaican Petrel","Jamaican Petrel","Jamaican Petrel",null,null,"formerly bred montane eastern Jamaica; probably extinct ca. 1936","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698097","bkcpet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcpet2","avibase-8B2FD890",null,null,"Blue Mountains, Jamaica.","On an Undescribed Species of Petrel from the Blue Mountains of Jamaica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/135/mode/1up","Pterodroma caribbaea"],["4941","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma cahow","(Nichols & Mowbray, 1916)","The Auk 33, no.2 p.194","Bermuda Petrel","Bermuda Petrel","Bermuda Petrel","2025-0890","Extinct taxon <em>caribbaea </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pterodroma hasitata</em> based on consistent differences in plumage, tarsal coloration, size, and proportions, combined with data on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Manly et al. 2013) and feather lice. Sometimes considered a dark morph of <em>hasitata</em>, the combined evidence suggests that <em>caribbaea </em>is better treated as a separate species.","breeds Nonsuch Island (Bermuda); disperses to Gulf Stream",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698088","berpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/berpet","avibase-F6533C4B",null,null,"southeastern side of Castle Island, Bermuda.","Two new forms of Petrels from the Bermudas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol33/iss2/9/","Aestrelata cahow"],["4942","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma madeira","Mathews, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.161","Zino's Petrel","Zino's Petrel","Zino's Petrel",null,null,"breeds in summer in cliffs high on Pico do Arieiro (central Madeira); non-breeding range in subtropical and tropical Atlantic to Azores, St. Helena, and northeastern Brazil (tropical South Atlantic Ocean)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698062","madpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madpet","avibase-A6EA486B",null,null,"Madeira.","Description of a new subspecies of the Soft-plumaged Petrel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/201/mode/1up","Pterodroma mollis madeira"],["4943","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma rupinarum","Olson, 1975","Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23 p.14","St. Helena Petrel","Large St. Helena Petrel","Large Saint Helena Petrel","2025-0893","The extinct taxon <em>rupinarum </em>is placed in the genus <em>Pterodroma</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Welch et al. (2014).","formerly bred on St. Helena Island; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728800","lshpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lshpet1","avibase-DC04FCD9",null,null,"Recent sediment deposits at Prosperous Bay, St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean","Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean","https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1952","Pterodroma rupinarum"],["4944","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma feae","(Salvadori, 1899)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.40 p.305","Cape Verde Petrel","Cape Verde Petrel","Cape Verde Petrel","2025-0891","Taxon <em>deserta </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Pterodroma feae</em> based mostly on differences in breeding season and vocalizations, supported by morphological and mitochondrial DNA data (Jesus et al. 2009).","winter breeder mainly in rock crevices in montane Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Fogo, and Santiago (Cabo Verde); non-breeding range probably mostly off northwestern Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728011","feapet3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/feapet3","avibase-CFE78BAC",null,null,"San Nicolas Island, Cape Verde Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33521#page/313/mode/1up","Oestrelata feae"],["4945","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma deserta","Mathews, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.179","Desertas Petrel","Desertas Petrel","Desertas Petrel","2025-0891","Taxon <em>deserta </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Pterodroma feae</em> based mostly on differences in breeding season and vocalizations, supported by morphological and mitochondrial DNA data (Jesus et al. 2009).","summer breeder in burrows on Bugio (Desertas Islands, just southeast of Madeira); non-breeding range probably mostly to Azores and southeastern Brazil, more rarely to Gulf Stream off eastern North America and western Europe",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736135","feapet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/feapet2","avibase-F93629B0",null,null,"Desertas Islands.","Note on the Soft-plumaged Petrel, Pterodroma mollis, and its subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/219/mode/1up","Pterodroma mollis deserta"],["4946","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma hypoleuca","(Salvin, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.23 p.359","Bonin Petrel","Bonin Petrel","Bonin Petrel",null,null,"breeds Iwo (Volcano) and Ogasawara (Bonin) islands (southern Japan), and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (formerly also main islands); ranges to Sakhalin and central Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697967","bonpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bonpet","avibase-C69447E2",null,null,"north Pacific Ocean, 'Krusenstern Islands,' mythical islands designated by the collector instead of one of the islands in the Leeward Hawaiian Chain; cf. Murphy, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1512, p. 17.","Critical Notes on the Procellariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/387/mode/1up","Oestrelata hypoleuca"],["4947","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma defilippiana","(Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.63","Masatierra Petrel","Masatierra Petrel","Masatierra Petrel",null,null,"breeds Juan Fernández, San Ambrosio, and San Félix islands (off Chile); ranges to coastal waters of southern Peru to central Chile and to Pitcairn group",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697990","maspet3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maspet3","avibase-41E264AA",null,null,"Peruvian and Chilean Coasts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/85/mode/1up","Aestrelata defilippiana"],["4948","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma longirostris","(Stejneger, 1893)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.957 p.618","Stejneger's Petrel","Stejneger's Petrel","Stejneger's Petrel",null,null,"breeds Alejandro Selkirk Island (off Chile); ranges eastern and North Pacific",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697997","stepet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stepet","avibase-0F0F66EF",null,null,"Province of Mutzu, Hondo, Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/774/mode/1up","Aestrelata longirostris"],["4949","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma cookii","(Gray, 1843)","Travels in New Zealand; with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country 2 p.199","Cook's Petrel","Cook's Petrel","Cook's Petrel",null,null,"breeds Great and Little Barrier islands (off northeastern North Island) and Codfish Island (off Stewart Island, New Zealand); ranges to Tasman Sea, off southeastern Australia and northeastward to Aleutians to Chile",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697975","coopet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coopet","avibase-5C61DD1B",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67828#page/213/mode/1up","Procellaria Cookii"],["4950","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma pycrofti","Falla, 1933","Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 1 p.176","Pycroft's Petrel","Pycroft's Petrel","Pycroft's Petrel",null,null,"breeds small islands off northern North Island (New Zealand), and formerly Norfolk Island (east of Australia); ranges to North Pacific",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697984","pycpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pycpet1","avibase-3786AD4E",null,null,"Taranga, Hen Island, New Zealand.","Notes on New Zealand Petrels, with descriptions of new forms and some new records.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/286996#page/242/mode/1up","Pterodroma pycrofti"],["4951","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma leucoptera","(Gould, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.85 p.364","Gould's Petrel","Gould's Petrel","White-winged Petrel",null,null,"breeds Cabbage Tree and Boondelbah islands (off southeastern Australia) and montane Grande Terre, New Caledonia; ranges to Tasman Sea (east of Australia) and tropical southern Pacific to Galapagos islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697970","goupet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goupet1","avibase-A27F9AF6",null,null,"Cabbage Tree Island, Port Stephens, New South Wales.","XLIII. On the Family Procellaridae, with descriptions of Ten new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/394/mode/1up","Procellaria leucoptera"],["4952","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma brevipes","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.294","Collared Petrel","Collared Petrel","Collared Petrel",null,null,"Fiji, Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu), and Cook Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697987","colpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colpet1","avibase-6983FAD1",null,null,"type locality doubtful: reported 'latitude 68° S., longitude 95'^ W.,' but probably Samoa Islands, as pointed out by Bourne, 1967, Ibis, 109, pp. 155-156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/314/mode/1up","Procellaria brevipes"],["4953","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma brevipes brevipes","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Vanuatu, southern Fiji, and Cook Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83926B8C",null,null,"type locality doubtful: reported 'latitude 68° S., longitude 95'^ W.,' but probably Samoa Islands, as pointed out by Bourne, 1967, Ibis, 109, pp. 155-156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/314/mode/1up","Procellaria brevipes"],["4954","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma brevipes magnificens","Bretagnolle & Shirihai, 2010","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 130 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"suspected to breed in the Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu); nonbreeding distribution unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81090951",null,null,"at sea east of Mera Lava, Banks Islands, north Vanuatu on 28 January 1927 by R. H. Beck. Precise locality unknown, but based on the original label, the AMNH catalogue, and the Whitney South Sea Expedition diary by Frederick P. Drowne, this is c.30 nautical miles east of Mera Lava (cf. Imber & Tennyson 2001).","A new taxon of Collared Petrel Pterodroma brevipes from the Banks Islands, Vanuatu","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182902#page/304/mode/1up","Pterodroma brevipes magnificens"],["4955","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma axillaris","(Salvin, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.6 p.33","Chatham Islands Petrel","Chatham Islands Petrel","Chatham Islands Petrel",null,null,"breeds Rangatira Island (Chatham Islands); non-breeders range to Nazca Ridge west of Peru and Chile; rare",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697949","chapet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chapet1","avibase-C398A0EA",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","[A new species of Petrel from Chatham Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/59/mode/1up","Oestrelata axillaris"],["4956","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma nigripennis","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.57","Black-winged Petrel","Black-winged Petrel","Black-winged Petrel",null,null,"breeds Round Island (southwestern Indian Ocean), southwestern Pacific from Lord Howe and Phillip Island of the Norfolk group (east of Australia), islets off New Caledonia, islets off North Island (New Zealand), and Chatham Islands (east of New Zealand) eastward through Austral Islands; ranges to waters off southeastern Australia and Pacific Ocean southeast of Japan eastward to northwestern Mexico and southward to Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697954","bkwpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkwpet","avibase-AE186136",null,null,"Kermadec Islands.","[ Descriptions of five new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/83/mode/1up","Oestrelata nigripennis"],["4957","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma externa","(Salvin, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.373","Juan Fernandez Petrel","Juan Fernandez Petrel","Juan Fernandez Petrel",null,null,"breeds montane Alejandro Selkirk Island (=Mas Afuera, Juan Fernández Islands; far off central Chile); ranges to tropical Pacific around main Hawaiian Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698030","jufpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jufpet","avibase-DC2BA23B",null,null,"Islands of Masafuera and Juan Fernandez.","Additional Notes on the Birds of the Islands of Masafuera and Juan Fernandez.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/411/mode/1up","Oestrelata externa"],["4958","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma phaeopygia","(Salvin, 1876)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.9 p.507 pl.88 fig.1,3","Galapagos Petrel","Galapagos Petrel","Galapagos Petrel",null,null,"breeds montane Galapagos; ranges to waters off western Mexico to Ecuador",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698020","galpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galpet","avibase-0DF68A87",null,null,"Chatham Island, Galapagos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/683/mode/1up","Oestrelata phaeopygia"],["4959","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma baraui","(Jouanin, 1964)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 34 p.84","Barau's Petrel","Barau's Petrel","Barau's Petrel",null,null,"breeds montane Réunion; ranges tropical Indian Ocean mostly south of the Equator, off Madagascar, and to Arabian Sea and northwestern Australian waters",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698035","barpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barpet1","avibase-D956176F",null,null,"Saint-Denis, Reunion.","Un Pétrel nouveau de la Réunion, Bulweria baraui.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/316128#page/91/mode/1up","Bulweria baraui"],["4960","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma sandwichensis","(Ridgway, 1884)","Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 13 p.395 (in text)","Hawaiian Petrel","Hawaiian Petrel","Hawaiian Petrel",null,null,"breeds montane Hawaiian Islands, on Kauai, Molokai (formerly), Lana'i, Maui and Hawaii; ranges to Gulf of Alaska and offshore waters from Oregon to California",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698017","hawpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawpet1","avibase-E4AFFBF2",null,null,"Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.","The Water Birds of North America, vol. 2","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25484#page/407/mode/1up","Oestrelata sandwichensis"],["4961","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma cervicalis","(Salvin, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.192","White-necked Petrel",null,"White-necked Petrel","2025-0888","Taxon <em>occulta </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pterodroma cervicalis</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Diagnostic plumage and morphological differences are lacking (Shirihai &amp; Bretagnolle 2010) and comparative genetic and vocal material has not been analysed; further research warranted.","breeds mostly Macauley Island of Kermadec Islands (northeast of New Zealand), Phillip Island of Norfolk group (east of Australia), and presumed to breed on Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu); ranges to southeastern Australia, southeastern Japan, and eastwards to east-central Pacific",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697957",null,null,"avibase-96DC9DCD",null,null,"Kermadec Islands.","On a supposed new Species of Petrel of the Genus Rstrelata, from the Kermadec Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/224/mode/1up","Oestrelata cervicalis"],["4962","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma cervicalis cervicalis","(Salvin, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mostly Macauley Island of Kermadec Islands (northeast of New Zealand), also Phillip Island of Norfolk group (east of Australia); ranges to southeastern Australia, southeastern Japan, and eastward to east-central Pacific",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-754775F5",null,null,"Kermadec Islands.","On a supposed new Species of Petrel of the Genus Rstrelata, from the Kermadec Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/224/mode/1up","Oestrelata cervicalis"],["4963","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma cervicalis occulta","Imber & Tennyson, 2001","The Emu 101 p.123-127",null,null,null,null,null,"presumed to breed on Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-371701A1",null,null,"collected at 14°27'S, 168°30'E (type locality) by R. H. Beck, 29 January 1927 [=at sea, Vanuatu]","A new petrel species (Procellariidae) from the south-west Pacific.","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU00067","Pterodroma occulta"],["4964","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma solandri","(Gould, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.133 p.57","Providence Petrel","Providence Petrel","Providence Petrel",null,null,"breeds mostly Lord Howe Island and (few) Philip Island of Norfolk group (east of Australia); ranges to eastern Australia and northwestern Pacific off Kamchatka and Japan, eastward to Bering Sea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698042","solpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solpet1","avibase-F654D59E",null,null,"no locality = Bass Strait, fide Gould, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, p. 363.","Exhibition of a series of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/69/mode/1up","Procellaria Solandri"],["4965","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma inexpectata","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.204-205","Mottled Petrel","Mottled Petrel","Mottled Petrel",null,null,"breeds islets off Fiordland and in Lake Hauroko (southwestern South Island), in Foveaux Strait and around Stewart island, and Snares Islands (New Zealand); forages to subantarctic and Antarctic waters, and southeastern Australia; migrates to Bering Sea",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697963","motpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motpet","avibase-B829AC03",null,null,"in oceano antarctico cum antecedente (Antarctic Ocean.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/226/mode/1up","Procellaria inexpectata"],["4966","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma ultima","Murphy, 1949","Ornithologie als biologische Wissenschaft p.89-91","Murphy's Petrel","Murphy's Petrel","Murphy's Petrel",null,null,"breeds eastern Polynesian islands of Tuamotu, Gambier, Austral, Pitcairn, Easter, and Salas y Gomez; ranges to south of Aleutians, Gulf of Alaska, and northeastern Pacific coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698039","murpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/murpet","avibase-32AC75A8",null,null,"Oeno Island, south Pacific.","A new species of Petrel from the Pacific.",null,"Pterodroma ultima"],["4967","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma alba","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.565","Phoenix Petrel","Phoenix Petrel","Phoenix Petrel",null,null,"breeds eastern Polynesia; ranges to Kermadec Islands and east-central Pacific",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698001","phopet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phopet1","avibase-4B5CC270",null,null,"Turtle and Christmas Islands; restricted to Christmas Island by Murphy, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1580, p. 32.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/66/mode/1up","Procellaria alba"],["4968","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma neglecta","(Schlegel, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.4 Procellaria no.22 p.10,11","Kermadec Petrel","Kermadec Petrel","Kermadec Petrel",null,null,"breeds subtropical Pacific Ocean from Round Island (subspecies?; northeast of Mauritius); Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (Australia), Kermadec Islands (New Zealand), Pitcairn to Easter islands (eastern Polynesia), Desventuradas and Juan Fernández islands (far west of north-central Chile); non-breeding range in subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean from eastern Australia north to southern Japanese waters, west to Hawaiian Islands and near the west-central South American coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698027","kerpet","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kerpet","avibase-889232C7",null,null,"Kermadec and Sunday Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51710#page/142/mode/1up","Procellaria neglecta"],["4969","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma neglecta neglecta","(Schlegel, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.4 Procellaria no.22 p.10,11",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands of subtropical Pacific Ocean from Lord Howe and Norfolk (east of Australia) and Kermadec islands (northeast of New Zealand), and in Polynesia in Tonga, Cook, Austral, Tuamotu, Pitcairn, and Easter islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E2C9D4D",null,null,"Kermadec and Sunday Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51710#page/142/mode/1up","Procellaria neglecta"],["4970","subspecies","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma neglecta juana","Mathews, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds San Ambrosio and San Félix islands (Desventuradas Islands; far off north-central Chile) and Alejandro Selkirk (Juan Fernández Islands; far off central Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-409DBFF4",null,null,"Juan Fernandez Group.","Description of a new subspecies of the Kermadec Petrel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/93/mode/1up","Pterodroma neglecta juana"],["4971","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma arminjoniana","(Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.62","Trindade Petrel","Trindade Petrel","Trindade Petrel",null,null,"breeds Trindade and Martim Vaz islands (off Brazil) and Round Island (off Mauritius); ranges in Indian Ocean to eastern Malagasy waters, and in Atlantic Ocean to Gulf Stream north to Virginia, eastern edge of Caribbean islands, and south to southern Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698005","tripet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tripet1","avibase-8116523B",null,null,"South Trinidad (= Trindade) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/84/mode/1up","Aestrelata Arminjoniana"],["4972","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma heraldica","(Salvin, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.23 p.357","Herald Petrel","Herald Petrel","Herald Petrel",null,null,"breeds in the tropical Pacific Ocean, from Raine Island (off northeastern Australia; few), Tonga, and French Polynesia to Easter Island; pelagic range incompletely known, but occurs regularly to the central Pacific Ocean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698012","herpet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/herpet2","avibase-6C348817",null,null,"Chesterfield Islands.","Critical Notes on the Procellariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/385/mode/1up","OEstrelata heraldica"],["4973","species","Procellariiformes","Procellariidae","Petrels, Shearwaters, and Diving Petrels","Pterodroma atrata","(Mathews, 1912)","The birds of Australia 2 p.163","Henderson Petrel","Henderson Petrel","Henderson Petrel",null,null,"breeds Henderson Island and Moto Nui (southeastern Pacific); wintering range unknown",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728442","henpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/henpet1","avibase-A98DB170",null,null,"Lat. 25° 21' S., long. 129° W., ex Solander ms.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223654#page/221/mode/1up","Procellaria atrata"],["4974","order","Ciconiiformes",null,null,"Ciconiiformes",null,null,"Storks",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4975","family","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconiidae",null,null,"Storks","Storks","Storks",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ciconi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciconi2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["4976","genus","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Anastomus","Bonnaterre, 1791","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1, livr.47 p.xciii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ardea oscitans [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 87).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208150#page/101/mode/1up","Anastomus"],["4977","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Anastomus oscitans","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.55","Asian Openbill","Asian Openbill","Asian Openbill",null,null,"lowlands of Indian subcontinent to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697661","asiope1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asiope1","avibase-0DF27D63",null,null,"Pondicherry.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/77/mode/1up","Ardea oscitans"],["4978","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Anastomus lamelligerus","Temminck, 1823","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.40, vol.5 pl.236","African Openbill","African Openbill","African Openbill",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland and foothill wetlands, from western Mali and Sierra Leone locally eastward to Sudan, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, southward to northern Namibia and eastern South Africa, and Madagascar; irregular dry season wandering, often northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697664","afrope1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrope1","avibase-0F14ECE4",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/457/mode/1up","Anastomus lamelligerus"],["4979","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus","Temminck, 1823","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.40, vol.5 pl.236",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACC0968D",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/457/mode/1up","Anastomus lamelligerus"],["4980","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Anastomus lamelligerus madagascariensis","Milne-Edwards, 1880","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 91 p.1037",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E29EB740",null,null,"Madagascar.","Observations sur quelques animaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23753#page/1051/mode/1up","Anastomus madagascariensis"],["4981","genus","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Leptoptilos","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.583",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ardea argala [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 67). = Ardea dubia J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,"Traité d'ornithologie, ou Tableau méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/621/mode/1up","Leptoptilos"],["4982","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Leptoptilos crumenifer","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.585","Marabou Stork","Marabou Stork","Marabou Stork",null,null,"west-central sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697716","marsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marsto1","avibase-03C0F97C",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/623/mode/1up","Ciconia crumenifera"],["4983","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Leptoptilos dubius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.624","Greater Adjutant","Greater Adjutant","Greater Adjutant",null,null,"eastern Nepal, north-central to northeastern India (modern-day records only from Assam Valley, West Bengal, Bihar, and eastern Uttar Pradesh), and northern Bangladesh, and Indochina (principally in Cambodia); breeding now probably restricted to Assam, Bihar and Cambodia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697721","greadj1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greadj1","avibase-81E1FC1C",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/125/mode/1up","Ardea dubia"],["4984","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Leptoptilos javanicus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.188","Lesser Adjutant","Lesser Adjutant","Lesser Adjutant",null,null,"India and Sri Lanka to southern China, Indochina, and Indonesia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697713","lesadj1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesadj1","avibase-74907154",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/207/mode/1up","Ciconia Javanica"],["4985","genus","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Mycteria","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Mycteria americana [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/159/mode/1up","Mycteria"],["4986","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Mycteria americana","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.140","Wood Stork","Wood Stork","Wood Stork",null,null,"southern USA to northern Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, and Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697648","woosto","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woosto","avibase-19196211",null,null,"'America calidiore' = Brazil ex Markgrave. Breeds from Georgia south through Florida, Greater Antilles,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/159/mode/1up","Mycteria americana"],["4987","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Mycteria cinerea","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.327","Milky Stork","Milky Stork","Milky Stork",null,null,"lowlands of Malayan Peninsula, Indochina, Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697651","milsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/milsto1","avibase-44B6A65A",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/359/mode/1up","Tantalus cinereus"],["4988","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Mycteria ibis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.241","Yellow-billed Stork","Yellow-billed Stork","Yellow-billed Stork",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697654","yebsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebsto1","avibase-4F92C892",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/245/mode/1up","Tantalus Ibis"],["4989","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Mycteria leucocephala","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.11 pl.10","Painted Stork","Painted Stork","Painted Stork",null,null,"lowlands of Indian subcontinent to southern China and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697658","paisto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paisto1","avibase-547013E2",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/17/mode/1up","Tantalus leucocephalus"],["4990","genus","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Jabiru","Hellmayr, 1906","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Kl2 22 p.711",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ciconia mycteria [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1819]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Jabiru"],["4991","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Jabiru mycteria","(Lichtenstein, 1819)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.163","Jabiru","Jabiru","Jabiru",null,null,"west-central Mexico through South America to northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697710","jabiru","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jabiru","avibase-49BD1F79",null,null,"Brazil.","Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso über die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, erläutert aus den wieder aufgefundenen Original-Abbildungen (Fortsetzung *)). II. Vögel.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18161817&seite:int=178","Ciconia mycteria"],["4992","genus","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ephippiorhynchus","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ciconia ephippiorhyncha [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Mycteria senegalensis Shaw, 1800",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/664/mode/1up","Ephippiorhynchus"],["4993","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis","(Shaw, 1800)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 5 p.35 pl.3","Saddle-billed Stork","Saddle-billed Stork","Saddle-billed Stork",null,null,"locally in sub-Saharan Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697706","sabsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabsto1","avibase-3D155653",null,null,"Senegal.","VII. Description of a new Species of Mycteria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13715#page/44/mode/1up","Mycteria Senegalensis"],["4994","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.670","Black-necked Stork","Black-necked Stork","Black-necked Stork",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland undisturbed wetlands, grassy woodland, and cultivation, from southern Pakistan and India eastward to Myanmar, and in Cambodia and southern Vietnam, and in southern New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697702","blnsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnsto1","avibase-27A758E6",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/210/mode/1up","Mycteria asiatica"],["4995","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.670",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian subcontinent and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF7C8963",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/210/mode/1up","Mycteria asiatica"],["4996","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus australis","(Shaw, 1800)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 5 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern Australia (Kimberley region to northeastern New South Wales) and southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-560B3B17",null,null,"New South Wales.","VII. Description of a new Species of Mycteria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13715#page/41/mode/1up","Mycteria Australis"],["4997","genus","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.361",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea ciconia [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Ardea ciconia Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Ciconia"],["4998","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia nigra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142","Black Stork","Black Stork","Black Stork",null,null,"central and southern Eurasia; southern Africa; winters to central Africa and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697669","blasto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blasto1","avibase-E2817DAE",null,null,"Northern Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea nigra"],["4999","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia maguari","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.623","Maguari Stork","Maguari Stork","Maguari Stork",null,null,"plains and marshes of west-central South America east of the Andes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697688","magsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magsto1","avibase-4AB9F632",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/124/mode/1up","Ardea Maguari"],["5000","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia boyciana","Swinhoe, 1873","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.513","Oriental Stork","Oriental Stork","Oriental Stork",null,null,"breeds in southeastern Siberia (Chita, Khabarovsk, Amur, Jewish Autonomous Region, and Primorye), in parts of northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia), and reintroduced Honshu (central Japan); winters mainly in southern and southeastern China, with a few in Japan, Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan; formerly bred in Japan (until 1960s) and Korea (until 1977 or later in North, 1971 in South)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697695","oristo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oristo1","avibase-C417573F",null,null,"Yokohama.","On the White Stork of Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/627/mode/1up","Ciconia boyciana"],["5001","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia ciconia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142","White Stork","White Stork","White Stork",null,null,"lowland to submontane grassland, wetlands, steppe, cultivation, and towns, from continental Europe eastward to Turkestan and far western China, and southward to northwestern Africa and western Iran; western populations winter in Africa (avoiding forest), eastern populations winter in Indian subcontinent",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697691","whisto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whisto1","avibase-28825494",null,null,"Europe, Asia, Africa; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea Ciconia"],["5002","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia ciconia ciconia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Western Palearctic and western Asia; winters to tropical and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E712C48",null,null,"Europe, Asia, Africa; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea Ciconia"],["5003","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia ciconia asiatica","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"central Asia; winters to Iran and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-626C9C6D",null,null,"Turkistan.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Ciconia alba asiatica"],["5004","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia abdimii","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.76","Abdim's Stork","Abdim's Stork","Abdim's Stork",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697673","abdsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abdsto1","avibase-26CD0319",null,null,"Dongola, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/96/mode/1up","Ciconia Abdimii"],["5005","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia stormi","(Blasius, 1896)","Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft und des Naturhistorischen Museums in Lübeck (2) p.120","Storm's Stork","Storm's Stork","Storm's Stork",null,null,"lowland wetlands of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Mentawai and Pagai islands (off Sumatra), and Borneo",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697685","stosto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stosto1","avibase-0C6D8B19",null,null,"Pontianak, western Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100041#page/132/mode/1up","Melanopelargus episcopus stormi"],["5006","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia microscelis","Gray, 1848","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.43 p.[561], pl.151","African Woolly-necked Stork","African Woolly-necked Stork","African Woollyneck","2025-0036","Taxon <em>microscelis</em> (monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Ciconia episcopus</em> (polytypic) based on consistent differences in morphology (including plumage) and biogeographic considerations, the taxa being allopatric on separate continents.","tropical Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727265","wonsto2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wonsto2","avibase-5157C558",null,null,"No type locality = Africa, apud Reichenow, Vög. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 348.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/200/mode/1up","Ciconia microscelis"],["5007","species","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia episcopus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54","Asian Woolly-necked Stork","Asian Woolly-necked Stork","Asian Woollyneck","2025-0036","Taxon <em>microscelis</em> (monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Ciconia episcopus</em> (polytypic) based on consistent differences in morphology (including plumage) and biogeographic considerations, the taxa being allopatric on separate continents.","lowland and foothill grassland, peat-swamps, cultivation, and wetlands, from northern Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka eastward to northern Malayan Peninsula, southern Vietnam, and Philippines, and from southern Sumatra eastward to Wallacea (Indonesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727255","wonsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wonsto1","avibase-F76E7B80",null,null,"Coromandel Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Ardea Episcopus"],["5008","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia episcopus episcopus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"India to Indochina, Philippines (where likely extirpated), Malayan Peninsula, and northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91CD3636",null,null,"Coromandel Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Ardea Episcopus"],["5009","subspecies","Ciconiiformes","Ciconiidae","Storks","Ciconia episcopus neglecta","(Finsch, 1904)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sundas, and Sulawesi region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF6B4414",null,null,"Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Philippines, Celebes.","Notiz über die Wollhalsstörche (Dissoura).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/110/mode/1up","Dissoura neglecta"],["5010","order","Suliformes",null,null,"Suliformes",null,null,"Cormorants, Boobies, Frigatebirds, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5011","family","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregatidae",null,null,"Frigatebirds","Frigatebirds","Frigatebirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"fregat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fregat1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5012","genus","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pelecanus aquilus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Daudin, 1802, in Buffon Hist. Nat. (18mo Didot ed.) Quadr., 14, p. 3).",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA15#v=onepage","Fregata"],["5013","species","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata ariel","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera pt.9, 3 p.669 pl.185","Lesser Frigatebird","Lesser Frigatebird","Lesser Frigatebird",null,null,"widespread, breeding tropical Indian and Pacific ocean islands, also northwestern South Atlantic; non-breeders range to waters off southeastern Africa, southwestern India and Sri Lanka, throughout Indonesian Archipelago and Philippines to Taiwan, New Guinea waters, northern Australia, and Melanesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697738","lesfri","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesfri","avibase-09ED7E92",null,null,"no locality; Raine Island, Queensland, designated by Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec, 2, p. 121.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/436/mode/1up","Atagen Ariel"],["5014","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata ariel trinitatis","Miranda-Ribeiro, 1919","Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 22 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Trindade Island (off eastern Brazil); wanders to coastal Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32D1AFB0",null,null,"South Trinidad Island.","A fauna vertebrada da Ilha da Trindade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87059#page/464/mode/1up","Fregata ariel trinitatis"],["5015","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata ariel iredalei","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.6 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Mascarene Islands; disperses to coasts of Somalia and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-464627EC",null,null,"Aldabra Island.","On the species and subspecies of the genus Fregata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/139/mode/1up","Fregata ariel iredalei"],["5016","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata ariel ariel","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera pt.9, 3 p.669 pl.185",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in Indian and Pacific oceans from Cocos (Keeling) Island and Ashmore Reef (Australia) patchily eastward through Bismarck Archipelago, New Caledonia area, and Fiji to Tuamotu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-906493A7",null,null,"no locality; Raine Island, Queensland, designated by Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec, 2, p. 121.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/436/mode/1up","Atagen Ariel"],["5017","species","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata aquila","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.133","Ascension Frigatebird","Ascension Frigatebird","Ascension Frigatebird",null,null,"breeds Ascension Island (where recently re-established) and (mainly) nearby Boatswainbird Island (South Atlantic); ranges (rarely) to northeastern Brazil and western African coast",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697728","asifri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asifri1","avibase-00E090F8",null,null,"Ascension Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/151/mode/1up","Pelecanus Aquilus"],["5018","species","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata magnificens","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.6 p.120","Magnificent Frigatebird","Magnificent Frigatebird","Magnificent Frigatebird",null,null,"breeds Cabo Verde (where almost extirpated), islands from southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico) to Ecuador including Galapagos, and eastern Mexico and far southern Florida through Caribbean to northeastern Brazil; ranges to coastal northern Baja California, Gulf of California, and southward to northern Peru, and to northern Florida and Gulf of Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697724","magfri","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magfri","avibase-8AA3B42E",null,null,"Barrington, Indefatigable, and Albemarle Islands, Galapagos Archipelago. Type from Barrington Island.","On the species and subspecies of the genus Fregata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/138/mode/1up","Fregata minor magnificens"],["5019","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata magnificens rothschildi","Mathews, 1915","The birds of Australia 5 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pacific (breeding from Mexico southward to Ecuador), western Atlantic (breeding Mexico and Florida southward to Brazil), and eastern Atlantic (breeding on Cabo Verde, where now very rare or extirpated)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB0C173",null,null,"Aruba, Dutch West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224488#page/358/mode/1up","Fregata minor rothschildi"],["5020","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata magnificens magnificens","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.6 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73E2BAA1",null,null,"Barrington, Indefatigable, and Albemarle Islands, Galapagos Archipelago. Type from Barrington Island.","On the species and subspecies of the genus Fregata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/138/mode/1up","Fregata minor magnificens"],["5021","species","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata andrewsi","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.6 p.120","Christmas Frigatebird","Christmas Island Frigatebird","Christmas Island Frigatebird",null,null,"breeds Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean); ranges Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand across Sunda Shelf to South China Sea and Sulu Sea (southwestern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697742","chifri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chifri1","avibase-67200E8E",null,null,"Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.","On the species and subspecies of the genus Fregata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/138/mode/1up","Fregata andrewsi"],["5022","species","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata minor","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.572","Great Frigatebird","Great Frigatebird","Great Frigatebird",null,null,"widespread breeder, islands of tropical Indian and Pacific oceans, local east of eastern Brazil (tropical Atlantic Ocean); pelagic when non-breeding, ranging throughout tropical Indian and tropical and subtropical Pacific oceans",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697733","grefri","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grefri","avibase-788EBCAB",null,null,"No type locality. Fixed as eastern half of the Indian Ocean by Rothschild, antea, p. 145 and further restricted to Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, by Lowe, antea, p. 306.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/73/mode/1up","Pelecanus minor"],["5023","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata minor nicolli","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.6 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Trindade and Martím Vaz islands (off eastern Brazil); ranges to Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66A7BD56",null,null,"South Trinidad Island.","On the species and subspecies of the genus Fregata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/136/mode/1up","Fregata minor nicolli"],["5024","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata minor aldabrensis","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.6 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Indian Ocean islands on Europa (Mozambique Channel), Aldabra and Cosmoledo (Seychelles), and St. Brandon (Mascarenes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E96860A",null,null,"Aldabra Island [Seychelles].","On the species and subspecies of the genus Fregata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/137/mode/1up","Fregata minor aldabrensis"],["5025","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata minor minor","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Chagos, Cocos (Keeling), and Christmas islands (east-central Indian Ocean), Flores and Banda Sea islands (southern Indonesia), Paracel Islands (South China Sea, Ashmore Reef (Australia), and other islands off northern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-519FF074",null,null,"No type locality. Fixed as eastern half of the Indian Ocean by Rothschild, antea, p. 145 and further restricted to Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, by Lowe, antea, p. 306.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/73/mode/1up","Pelecanus minor"],["5026","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata minor palmerstoni","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in western and central Pacific, from Gulf of Carpentaria, Great Barrier Reef, and Coral Sea islands (northeast of Australia) and north-central Bismarck Archipelago eastward through Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn group",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5A61CFC",null,null,"Palmerston Island, Pacific Ocean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/74/mode/1up","Pelecanus Palmerstoni"],["5027","subspecies","Suliformes","Fregatidae","Frigatebirds","Fregata minor ridgwayi","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.6 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds far eastern Pacific islands on Revillagigedo, Cocos, Galapagos, and islands just off Ecuadorian coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDD2BA7E",null,null,"Culpepper and Wenman Islands, Galapagos. Type from Culpepper Island.","On the species and subspecies of the genus Fregata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/138/mode/1up","Fregata minor ridgwayi"],["5028","family","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sulidae",null,null,"Boobies and Gannets","Boobies and Gannets","Gannets, Boobies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"sulida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5029","genus","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Papasula","Olson & Warheit, 1988","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sula abbotti [Ridgway, 1893]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/269/mode/1up","Papasula"],["5030","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Papasula abbotti","(Ridgway, 1893)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.953 p.599","Abbott's Booby","Abbott's Booby","Abbott's Booby",null,null,"breeds Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean), formerly also Assumption (Seychelles) and Mascarenes; subfossil remains from Solomon Archipelago eastward to Marquesas; ranges to near Java, Moluccas, and southwest of New Guinea",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696649","abbboo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abbboo2","avibase-92A2CCFC",null,null,"Assumption Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/755/mode/1up","Sula abbotti"],["5031","genus","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Morus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.63",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pelecanus bassanus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Pelecanus bassanus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f69.item","Morus"],["5032","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Morus bassanus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.133","Northern Gannet","Northern Gannet","Northern Gannet",null,null,"breeds North Atlantic coasts from Iceland through Norway and France, and Newfoundland (southeastern Canada); ranges southward on coasts to western Mediterranean and northwestern Africa, and to Florida and northern Gulf of Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696657","norgan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norgan","avibase-534FB490",null,null,"Scotland; America = Bass Rock; Scotland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/151/mode/1up","Pelecanus Bassanus"],["5033","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Morus capensis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.86","Cape Gannet","Cape Gannet","Cape Gannet",null,null,"breeds islands off southern Africa; disperses to coastal Mozambique",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696668","capgan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capgan1","avibase-775E93D7",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/106/mode/1up","Dysporus capensis"],["5034","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Morus serrator","(Gray, 1843)","Travels in New Zealand; with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country 2 p.200","Australasian Gannet","Australasian Gannet","Australasian Gannet",null,null,"breeds islands off southeastern Australia including Tasmania, and coasts and islands off New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696675","ausgan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausgan1","avibase-13610344",null,null,"Substitute name for Sula australis Gould, not Stephens. Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67828#page/214/mode/1up","Pelecanus serrator"],["5035","genus","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.60;6, p.494",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pelecanus leucogaster [Boddaert, 1783]; type by tautonymy = Pelecanus leucogaster Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/104/mode/1up","Sula"],["5036","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula sula","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.218","Red-footed Booby","Red-footed Booby","Red-footed Booby",null,null,"breeds islands east of Brazil, Boatswain Bird Island (just off Ascension Island, south-central South Atlantic Ocean); islands off Belize and eastern Honduras; Cayman Islands through Lesser Antilles and islands north of Venezuela; small islands of Malagasy region, Chagos Archipelago, Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas islands (tropical Indian Ocean); Flores and Banda seas islands, islands northwest and east of Australia, Tench (St. Matthias Group, north-central Bismarck Archipelago), many other islands in outer Melanesia including New Caledonia, Tubbataha Reefs (west-central Philippines), Spratly Islands (South China Sea), southern Ryukyu and Iwo (Volcano) Islands (southern Japan), Taiwan, Micronesia through Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern eastward to Oahu), and Pitcairn group (eastern Polynesia); islands west of Mexico, Costa Rica, and Colombia, and Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696694","refboo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refboo","avibase-0A4609D1",null,null,"'in Pelago indico'; Barbados, West Indies, designated by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1933, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 53, pp. 185-187.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/222/mode/1up","Pelecanus Sula"],["5037","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula sula sula","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands (including peripheral ones) in Caribbean, and Fernando de Noronha and Trindade (off Brazil), and Boatswain Bird Island (Ascension group, South Atlantic Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BD34DA7",null,null,"'in Pelago indico'; Barbados, West Indies, designated by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1933, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 53, pp. 185-187.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/222/mode/1up","Pelecanus Sula"],["5038","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula sula rubripes","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, from Seychelles and Malagasy region through Indian Ocean and Indonesian seas, northern Australasia, northward to southern Ryukyu and Iwo (Volcano) Islands (southern Japan), and eastward to Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern eastward to Oahu) and Pitcairn group",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1867F56",null,null,"New South Wales = Raine Island, northern Queensland, fide Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/309/mode/1up","Sula rubripes"],["5039","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula sula websteri","Rothschild, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands of far eastern Pacific, including Revillagigedo, Tres Marias, Isabel, and Clipperton (off Mexico), Violin and Cocos (off Costa Rica), Malpelo (off Colombia), and Galápagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F653F32",null,null,"Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands.","[Results of the expedition made by Frank Blake Webster to the Galapagos Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/490/mode/1up","Sula websteri"],["5040","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula leucogaster","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.57","Brown Booby","Brown Booby",null,"2025-1185","Taxon <em>brewsteri </em>(polytypic, including <em>etesiaca</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sula leucogaster</em> based on differences in plumage, soft part colors, and behavior, including mostly assortative mating in sympatry (VanderWerf et al. 2023), combined with mitochondrial DNA divergence (Morris-Pocock et al. 2011).","widespread tropical and subtropical ocean islands; Cabo Verde, Boatswain Bird Island (just off Ascension, south-central South Atlantic Ocean), Alcatraz Island (west of northwestern Guinea), and Gulf of Guinea islands, Caribbean islands off Yucatan Peninsula and Honduras to Panama and northern Colombia, Bahamas and Cayman Islands to Lesser Antilles, islands north of Venezuela and Tobago and off Brazil, islands off Somalia and Socotra, Aldabra, and Madagascar, and Chagos Archipelago, Cocos (Keeling), and Christmas islands (tropical Indian Ocean), islands off northern Australia, Tench (St. Matthias group, north-central Bismarck Archipelago), remote islands in Melanesia, southern Japan (Ryukyu, Izu, Ogasawara, and Iwo islands), Taiwan, offshore islands of Philippines, Vietnam, and Malaysia, in Flores and Banda seas, from Marianas and Palau through Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern and islets off main islands) and Gambier Islands (eastern Tuamotu Archipelago; eastern Polynesia)",null,null,null,"brnboo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnboo","avibase-05520B42",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/79/mode/1up","Pelecanus Leucogaster"],["5041","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula leucogaster leucogaster","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands of tropical Atlantic, from Fernando de Noronha (off Brazil), coastal islands off southeastern Brazil, Boatswain Bird Island (Ascension group, South Atlantic Ocean), Cabo Verde, Alcatraz Island (off Guinea), and Gulf of Guinea islands, and islands in Caribbean (including peripheral ones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADD598F2",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/79/mode/1up","Pelecanus Leucogaster"],["5042","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula leucogaster plotus","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on islands in the Red Sea, tropical Indian Ocean, Gulf of Carpentaria (northern Australia), and tropical western and central Pacific Ocean, from Somalia and Socotra southward through Malagasy region, northward to southern Japan, and eastward to Hawaii (Northwestern and islets off main islands) and Gambier Islands (Tuamotus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D27EA0",null,null,"near New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/300/mode/1up","Pelecanus Plotus"],["5043","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula brewsteri","Goss, 1888","The Auk 5, no.3 p.242","Cocos Booby","Cocos Booby",null,"2025-1185","Taxon <em>brewsteri </em>(polytypic, including <em>etesiaca</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sula leucogaster</em> based on differences in plumage, soft part colors, and behavior, including mostly assortative mating in sympatry (VanderWerf et al. 2023), combined with mitochondrial DNA divergence (Morris-Pocock et al. 2011).","breeds rocky islands and sandy atolls off southern California (Channel Islands) and western Mexico from central Baja California and Gulf of California (northwestern Mexico) to Revillagigedo and Clipperton islands, and Pacific islands off Central America and Colombia, from islands in Gulf of Fonseca (Honduras) to Gorgona Island (off Colombia); breeding range has expanded to include the northern Mariana Islands, the northern Line Islands, and the Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern eastward to Oahu, in small numbers)",null,null,null,"cocboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocboo1","avibase-AD2B8E99",null,null,"San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California.","New and rare birds found breeding on the San Pedro Martir Isle.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/2/","Sula brewsteri"],["5044","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula brewsteri brewsteri","Goss, 1888","The Auk 5, no.3 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands off southern California (Channel Islands) and western Mexico from central Baja California and Gulf of California (northwestern Mexico) to Revillagigedo and Clipperton islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C02E881D",null,null,"San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California.","New and rare birds found breeding on the San Pedro Martir Isle.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/2/","Sula brewsteri"],["5045","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula brewsteri etesiaca","Thayer & Bangs, 1905","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 46, no.5 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pacific islands off Central America and Colombia, from islands in Gulf of Fonseca (Honduras) to Gorgona Island (off Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FC5560F",null,null,"Gorgona Island, Colombia","Vertebrata of Gorgona Island, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98450#page/110/mode/1up","Sula etesiaca"],["5046","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula granti","Rothschild, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.7","Nazca Booby","Nazca Booby","Nazca Booby",null,null,"breeds islands off western Mexico (Revillagigedo and Clipperton islands), Cocos Island (off Costa Rica), Isla Malpelo (off Colombia), Galapagos, Isla de la Plata (off Ecuador), and Lobos de Afuera (off northwestern Peru); ranges mainly to coastal Baja California (northwestern Mexico) and Pacific coast of Central America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728990","nazboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nazboo1","avibase-0C4DB4A5",null,null,"Galapagos Islands, type from Culpepper Island.","Sula granti, n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/377/mode/1up","Sula granti"],["5047","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula dactylatra","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.601","Masked Booby","Masked Booby","Masked Booby",null,null,"breeds islands in Red Sea and northwestern Arabian Sea, Malagasy region through Indian Ocean to Cocos (Keeling) Islands, northern Australia, Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec islands, northward to southern Ryukyu, Ogasawara (Bonin), and Iwo (Volcano) islands (southern Japan), and eastward in Pacific to Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern and islets off main islands), Easter Islands, islands off western Mexico, Cocos Island (off Costa Rica), Isla Malpelo (off Colombia), and Islas Desventuradas (off northern Chile), islands (including peripheral ones) in Caribbean, Fernando de Noronha, Abrolhos, and Trindade (off Brazil), and Ascension and St. Helena (South Atlantic)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736173","masboo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masboo","avibase-22D1B4A2",null,null,"Ascension Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/639/mode/1up","Sula dactylatra"],["5048","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula dactylatra dactylatra","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.601",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands (including peripheral ones) in Caribbean, Fernando de Noronha, Abrolhos, and Trindade (off Brazil), and Ascension and St. Helena (South Atlantic)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13081F05",null,null,"Ascension Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/639/mode/1up","Sula dactylatra"],["5049","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula dactylatra melanops","Hartlaub, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.351 pl.10 fig.2,3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in Red Sea and northwestern Arabian Sea, including Socotra and islands off Somalia and southern Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14A261C5",null,null,"Burda-Rebschi, Somali coast.","List of Birds observed and collected during a Voyage in the Red Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/395/mode/1up","Sula melanops"],["5050","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula dactylatra tasmani","van Tets, Meredith, Fullagar & Davidson, 1988","Notornis 35, no.1 p.35-57",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia), and Kermadec Islands (northeast of New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E2AE806",null,null,"Sand dunes near Kingston, Norfolk Island; part skeleton, including all or parts of the following elements: maxilla, cranium, mandible, quadrate, cervical and thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ulna and carpometacarpus","Osteological differences between Sula and Morus, and a description of an extinct new species of Sula from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, Tasman Sea","https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/osteological-differences-between-sula-and-morus-and-a-description-of-an-extinct-new-species-of-sula-from-lord-howe-and-norfolk-islands-tasman-sea-3/","Sula tasmani"],["5051","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula dactylatra personata","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.156 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands from Seychelles and Malagasy region through Indian Ocean to Con Dao Island (off Vietnam) and Cocos (Keeling) Islands and northern Australia, northward to islets of far southern Japan, and eastward in Pacific to Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern and islets off main islands), Easter Islands, islands off western Mexico, Cocos Island (off Costa Rica), Isla Malpelo (off Colombia), and Islas Desventuradas (off northern Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5A46862",null,null,"north and northeast coasts of Australia = Raine Island, northeastern Australia, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 99.","Description of eleven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/389/mode/1up","Sula personata"],["5052","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula variegata","(Tschudi, 1843)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9, bd.1 p.390","Peruvian Booby","Peruvian Booby","Peruvian Booby",null,null,"breeds islands off northern Peru (Piura) southward to central Chile (Isla Mocha); ranges along coast northward to Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696686","perboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perboo1","avibase-AD43BCD9",null,null,"Islands off the coast of Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/400/mode/1up","Dysporus variegatus"],["5053","species","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula nebouxii","Milne-Edwards, 1882","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.13, no.4 p.37 pl.14","Blue-footed Booby","Blue-footed Booby","Blue-footed Booby",null,null,"breeds east-central subtropical and tropical Pacific coast islands patchily from Gulf of California to northwestern Peru; non-breeders range to California and central Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696683","bfoboo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfoboo","avibase-649F85B5",null,null,"Pacific coast of America. Type assumed from Chile.","Recherches sur la faune des régions australes. Suite.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111964#page/191/mode/1up","Sula Nebouxii"],["5054","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula nebouxii nebouxii","Milne-Edwards, 1882","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.13, no.4 p.37 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds islands in Gulf of California, Islas Tres Marietas (off Nayarit, central Mexico), scattered islands off western Honduras, western Panama, Colombia, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8174ECA1",null,null,"Pacific coast of America. Type assumed from Chile.","Recherches sur la faune des régions australes. Suite.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111964#page/191/mode/1up","Sula Nebouxii"],["5055","subspecies","Suliformes","Sulidae","Boobies and Gannets","Sula nebouxii excisa","Todd, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86DDD700",null,null,"Seymour Island, Galapagos Archipelago.","A new Booby and a new Ibis from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/241/mode/1up","Sula nebouxii excisa"],["5056","family","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhingidae",null,null,"Anhinga and Darters","Anhingas","Darters",null,null,null,null,null,null,"anhing3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anhing3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5057","genus","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.60;6, p.476",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Plotus anhinga [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Plotus anhinga Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/104/mode/1up","Anhinga"],["5058","species","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga anhinga","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.218","Anhinga","Anhinga","Anhinga",null,null,"southeastern Texas to eastern North Carolina and Florida (southeastern USA), west-central Mexico southward to Panama, Cuba and Cayman Islands, and northern South America, including Trinidad and Tobago, southward to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696702","anhing","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anhing","avibase-FBDAE86A",null,null,"'in America australi'; restricted to Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, by Griscom and Greenway, 1941, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 88, p. 103.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/222/mode/1up","Plotus anhinga"],["5059","subspecies","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga anhinga leucogaster","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 1 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Texas to eastern North Carolina and Florida (southeastern USA), west-central Mexico southward to Panama, and Cuba and Cayman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3959F93",null,null,"Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68873#page/653/mode/1up","Plotus leucogaster"],["5060","subspecies","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga anhinga anhinga","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"northern South America, including Trinidad and Tobago, southward to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BC6C711",null,null,"'in America australi'; restricted to Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, by Griscom and Greenway, 1941, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 88, p. 103.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/222/mode/1up","Plotus anhinga"],["5061","species","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga novaehollandiae","(Gould, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.170 p.34","Australasian Darter","Australasian Darter","Australasian Darter",null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas), New Guinea, and Australia (except south-central and Tasmania); non-breeders range to Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696719","darter4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darter4","avibase-C57D9973",null,null,"rivers of the whole of the southern coast of Australia = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 97.","On eight new species of Australian Birds ; and on Anthus minimus, Vig. and Horsf., as the type of a new genus Chthonicola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/536/mode/1up","Plotus Novae Hollandiae"],["5062","subspecies","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga novaehollandiae papua","Rand, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.990 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland waters of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1F918E4",null,null,"Lake Daviumbu, middle Fly River, New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 19. On some non-Passerine New Guinea Birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3790/","Anhinga rufa papua"],["5063","subspecies","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","(Gould, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.170 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Timor and Australia (except Tasmania and western deserts); ranges to eastern Indonesia and New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BB9E1EC",null,null,"rivers of the whole of the southern coast of Australia = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 97.","On eight new species of Australian Birds ; and on Anthus minimus, Vig. and Horsf., as the type of a new genus Chthonicola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/536/mode/1up","Plotus Novae Hollandiae"],["5064","species","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga melanogaster","Pennant, 1769","Indian Zoology p.13 pl.12","Oriental Darter","Oriental Darter","Oriental Darter",null,null,"Indus Valley (central Pakistan) southward to Sri Lanka and eastward Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, and Philippines (now only southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696712","darter2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darter2","avibase-CA0C901A",null,null,"Ceylon and Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/19/mode/1up","Anhinga melanogaster"],["5065","species","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga rufa","(Daudin, 1802)","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.319","African Darter","African Darter","African Darter",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa along slow-moving rivers, freshwater and alkaline lakes, swamps, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward to Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to South Africa, Madagascar, and wetlands of lower Tigris–Euphrates in Iraq and Iran; extirpated in Türkiye",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696705","darter3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darter3","avibase-5C7936A7",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/371/mode/1up","Plotus rufus"],["5066","subspecies","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga rufa rufa","(Daudin, 1802)","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55C7EF66",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/371/mode/1up","Plotus rufus"],["5067","subspecies","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga rufa vulsini","Bangs, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 61, no.14 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DD6762F",null,null,"Maevetanana, Madagascar.","Vertebrata from Madagascar. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25424#page/653/mode/1up","Anhinga vulsini"],["5068","subspecies","Suliformes","Anhingidae","Anhinga and Darters","Anhinga rufa chantrei","(Oustalet, 1882)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.13, no.7 p.7,text",null,null,null,null,null,"wetlands of lower Tigris-Euphrates (Iraq and Iran); formerly also Türkiye (where extirpated by early 1960s)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F024305D",null,null,"Lake of Antioch.","Note sur les collections rapportées par M. E. Chantre de son voyage dans le Caucase et en Orient.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111964#page/317/mode/1up","Plotus Chantrei"],["5069","family","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocoracidae",null,null,"Cormorants and Shags","Cormorants and Shags","Cormorants",null,null,null,null,null,null,"phalac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phalac1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5070","genus","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43, no.11 p.577",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pelecanus pygmeus [Pallas, 1773]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/589/mode/1up","Microcarbo"],["5071","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo coronatus","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.214","Crowned Cormorant","Crowned Cormorant","Crowned Cormorant",null,null,"coastal southwestern Africa (Angola to southern South Africa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696730","crocor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crocor1","avibase-446E8F9D",null,null,"Possession Island, South West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/228/mode/1up","Graculus coronatus"],["5072","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo africanus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.577","Reed Cormorant","Reed Cormorant","Long-tailed Cormorant",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa along slow-flowing rivers, ponds, swamps, coastal estuaries, mangroves, and coastal islets, from Mauritania eastward to Sudan, Eritrea, and western Somalia, and southward to South Africa, and on Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696725","lotcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotcor1","avibase-E255DCE1",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/78/mode/1up","Pelecanus africanus"],["5073","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo africanus africanus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.577",null,null,null,null,null,"inland and coastal sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72617443",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/78/mode/1up","Pelecanus africanus"],["5074","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo africanus pictilis","(Bangs, 1918)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 61, no.14 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68F86B00",null,null,"Miandrivazo, Madagascar.","Vertebrata from Madagascar. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25424#page/652/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax africanus pictilis"],["5075","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo melanoleucos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.88","Little Pied Cormorant","Little Pied Cormorant","Little Pied Cormorant",null,null,"Lesser Sundas and Australasia to Solomon Archipelago, New Caledonia, and New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696743","lipcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lipcor1","avibase-DF8F84C3",null,null,"'Australasie' = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 241.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/102/mode/1up","Hydrocorax melanoleucos"],["5076","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo melanoleucos melanoleucos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas to Australia (including Tasmania but excluding western deserts), New Britain, Solomon Archipelago, Tikopia (Vanuatu), and Grande Terre (New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-031D434F",null,null,"'Australasie' = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 241.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/102/mode/1up","Hydrocorax melanoleucos"],["5077","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo melanoleucos brevicauda","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E4048E5",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Phalacrocorax melanoleucos brevicauda"],["5078","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo melanoleucos brevirostris","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F1DEF9F",null,null,"No locality given = New Zealand.","[Characters of two new species of the genus Sterna, a species of Cormorant, and three species of the genus Orpheus from the Galapagos, in the collection of Mr. Darwin].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/198/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax brevirostris"],["5079","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo pygmaeus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.712 pl.G","Pygmy Cormorant","Pygmy Cormorant","Pygmy Cormorant",null,null,"inland lakes and rivers of southeastern Europe to central Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696734","pygcor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygcor2","avibase-AFF49475",null,null,"Caspian Sea.",null,null,"Pelecanus pygmeus"],["5080","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Microcarbo niger","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.88","Little Cormorant","Little Cormorant","Little Cormorant",null,null,"inland and coastal, from Indus Valley (central Pakistan) southward to Sri Lanka and eastward through sub-Himalayan India to southern China, Vietnam, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696740","litcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litcor1","avibase-60EA3FA9",null,null,"East Indies = Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/102/mode/1up","Hydrocorax niger"],["5081","genus","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Poikilocarbo","Boetticher, 1935","Vögel ferner Länder 9 p.83.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pelecanus gaimardi [Lesson]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Poikilocarbo"],["5082","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Poikilocarbo gaimardi","(Garnot, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.7 p.601,  pl.48","Red-legged Cormorant","Red-legged Cormorant","Red-legged Cormorant",null,null,"coastal north-central Peru to south-central Chile; isolated population in coastal southern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696898","relcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relcor1","avibase-1636D621",null,null,"'Lima, au Pérou' = San Lorenzo Island, roadstead of Lima, fide Lesson, 1831, Traite Ornith., livr. 8, p. 605.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/111/mode/1up","Carbo Gaimardi"],["5083","genus","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Gulosus","Montagu, 1813","Supplement to the Ornithological Dictionary, or Synopsis of British Birds p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pelecanus graculus [Linnaeus, 1766]",null,null,null,"Gulosus"],["5084","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Gulosus aristotelis","(Linnaeus, 1761)","Fauna svecica, sistens animalia Sveciæ regni mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes. Editio altera p.23","European Shag","European Shag","European Shag",null,null,"coastal east North Atlantic from Iceland and northern Scandinavia to Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean coasts and islands, and western coast of Morocco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696894","eursha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eursha1","avibase-CECC7B26",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333#page/109/mode/1up","Pelecanus aristotelis"],["5085","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Gulosus aristotelis aristotelis","(Linnaeus, 1761)","Fauna svecica, sistens animalia Sveciæ regni mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes. Editio altera p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Iceland, Faroe Islands, British Isles, and Scandinavia eastward to northwestern Russia, and northwestern France to Spain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D98EA62",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333#page/109/mode/1up","Pelecanus aristotelis"],["5086","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Gulosus aristotelis riggenbachi","(Hartert, 1923)","Novitates Zoologicae 30 no.1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"western coast of Morocco (Casablanca to Puerto Cansado)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5007A5DA",null,null,"Cape Blanco north, west coast of Morocco.","The hitherto known birds of Marocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22599#page/150/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax graculus riggenbachi"],["5087","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii","(Payraudeau, 1826)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 8 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean coasts and islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAC6218D",null,null,"Coasts of Sardinia, etc.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux appartenant aux genres Mouette et Cormoran.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29170#page/468/mode/1up","Carbo Desmarestii"],["5088","genus","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum","Sharpe, 1899","A hand-list of the genera and species of birds 1 p.235.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Phalacrocorax harrisi [Rothschild]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/200/mode/1up","Nannopterum"],["5089","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum harrisi","(Rothschild, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.52","Flightless Cormorant","Flightless Cormorant","Flightless Cormorant",null,null,"western Galapagos (coasts of Fernandina and Isabela)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696756","flicor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flicor1","avibase-CEA9048D",null,null,"Narborough Island, Galapagos Islands.","[Results of the expedition made by Frank Blake Webster to the Galapagos Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/490/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax harrisi"],["5090","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum brasilianum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.564","Neotropic Cormorant","Neotropic Cormorant","Neotropical Cormorant","2025-N040","<em>Nannopterum brasilianus</em> was used in error by Clements et al. (2021). <em>Nannopterum</em> is neuter and the species name is an adjective which must be adjusted in gender accordingly.","widespread inland and coastal central and southern USA (where range expanding northward) to Tierra del Fuego; Bahamas and Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696773","neocor","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neocor","avibase-56036504",null,null,"In ostiis fluviorum brasiliae [=mouths of rivers in Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/65/mode/1up","Procellaria brasiliana"],["5091","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum brasilianum mexicanum","(Brandt, 1837)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 3, no.4 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"inland and coastal Great Plains (central USA; spreading northward) from South Dakota and Kansas to Gulf of Mexico, and Mexico to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-077A316F",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/468/mode/1up","Carbo mexicanus"],["5092","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum brasilianum brasilianum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.564",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica southward through South America to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7966B467",null,null,"In ostiis fluviorum brasiliae [=mouths of rivers in Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/65/mode/1up","Procellaria brasiliana"],["5093","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum auritum","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.605","Double-crested Cormorant","Double-crested Cormorant","Double-crested Cormorant","2025-N040","<em>Nannopterum brasilianus</em> was used in error by Clements et al. (2021). <em>Nannopterum</em> is neuter and the species name is an adjective which must be adjusted in gender accordingly.","widespread coastal and inland temperate and subtropical North America from eastern Aleutians and Gulf of St. Lawrence to southern Baja California, Yucatan Peninsula, Cuba, and Bahamas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696776","doccor","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/doccor","avibase-3AC46C54",null,null,"New Zealand; error, North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/643/mode/1up","Carbo auritus"],["5094","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum auritum cincinatum","(Brandt, 1837)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 3, no.4 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Aleutians (eastward from Unalaska) to Alexander Archipelago, in southeastern Alaska; winters southward to British Columbia (southwestern Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31371466",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/468/mode/1up","Carbo cincinatus"],["5095","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum auritum albociliatum","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern British Columbia to Gulf of California and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A34E3091",null,null,"Pacific coast of the United States from California to Cape St. Lucas = Farallon Islands, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/166/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus"],["5096","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum auritum auritum","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.605",null,null,null,null,null,"inland and coastal Alberta eastward through Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Cod and locally southward to Utah and Massachusetts",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A446FB8F",null,null,"New Zealand; error, North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/643/mode/1up","Carbo auritus"],["5097","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum auritum floridanum","(Audubon, 1835)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 3, no.51 pl.252",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern USA (coastal North Carolina to Florida), Cuba, and locally in southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C0EF96A",null,null,"southern Florida Keys, fide Audubon, 1835, Ornith. Biogr., 3, p. 387.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/259/","Carbo floridanus"],["5098","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Nannopterum auritum heuretum","(Watson, Olson & Miller, 1991)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bahamas (San Salvador)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55C88E8F",null,null,"Northwest Arm Lake, San Salvador Island, Bahamas, 19 Mar 1982, by Storrs L. Olson and Bertram N. Forbes","A new subspecies of the Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus, from San Salvador, Bahama Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108199#page/382/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax auritus heuretus"],["5099","genus","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43, no.11 p.575",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Carbo bougainvillii [Lesson]; type by subsequent designation (Ogilvie-Grant, 1898, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 26, p. 331)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/587/mode/1up","Leucocarbo"],["5100","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo magellanicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.576","Rock Shag","Magellanic Cormorant","Rock Shag",null,null,"breeds coasts of south-central Chile and Argentina, and Falkland Islands; winters northward to coastal southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696883","magcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magcor1","avibase-1EA575E0",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego and Staten Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/77/mode/1up","Pelecanus magellanicus"],["5101","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum","(Lesson, 1837)","Journal de la Navigation Autour du Globe de la Frégate la Thétis et de la Corvette l'Espérance pendant les années 1824, 1825 et 1826 . Publié par ordre du Roi sous les auspices du Département de la Marine par M. le Baron de Bougainville Capitaine de vaisseau ... &c. 2 p.331","Guanay Cormorant","Guanay Cormorant","Guanay Cormorant","2025-N043","<em>Leucocarbo bougainvillii</em> has also been used. The Code article that applies here is 32.5.1: \"…If there is in the original publication itself, without recourse to any external source of information, clear evidence of an inadvertent error, such as a <em>lapsus calami</em> or a copyist's or printer's error, it must be corrected. Incorrect transliteration or latinization, or use of an inappropriate connecting vowel, are not to be considered inadvertent errors…\". This article has consistently been interpreted by the zoological community over the last few decades that mistakes in declension endings (gender or singular/plural) must be corrected IF (and only if) the original description expressly states who the name is dedicated to. Over the decades, countless names have been corrected under this article from a masculine ending in \"-i\" or \"-ii\" to a feminine ending in \"-ae\" if it turned out that the honoree was a woman. In this case, the ending must be corrected to plural as it turns out that the name is dedicated to two Bougainvilles, not one.","breeds coasts and islands off Peru southward to central Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696810","guacor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guacor1","avibase-86B80955",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k503778f/f348.item.r=Journal%20de%20la%20navigation%20autour%20du%20globe%20de%20la%20fr%C3%A9gate%22la%20Th%C3%A9tis%22","Carbo Bougainvillii"],["5102","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps","(King, 1828)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.102","Imperial Shag","Imperial Cormorant",null,"2025-0897","Six taxa often previously considered species are treated as subspecies of <em>Leucocarbo atriceps</em> (polytypic, including <em>verrucosus, nivalis, melanogenis, purpurascens, bransfieldensis,</em> and <em>georgianus</em>) based on multilocus DNA evidence (Rawlence et al. 2022). Despite being widely separated on subantarctic islands and their sedentary nature, taxa in the <em>L. atriceps </em>complex are only weakly diverged in plumage and in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. An expanded <em>L. atriceps </em>is recognized pending further research on taxonomic limits within this complex.","rocky shores, islets, sea cliffs, stacks, and inshore coastal waters of Prince Edward, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard, and Macquarie islands, and islands and coasts of south-central Chile and Argentina southward to Cape Horn, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Sandwich, South Orkney, and South Shetland islands, and Antarctic Peninsula",null,null,null,"impcor6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/impcor6","avibase-20ADDF78",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.","X. Extracts from a Letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [Concluded from Vol. III. p. 432.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/114/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax atriceps"],["5103","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps atriceps","(King, 1828)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"islands and coasts of south-central Chile and Argentina southward to Cape Horn",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88E0AC71",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.","X. Extracts from a Letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [Concluded from Vol. III. p. 432.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/114/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax atriceps"],["5104","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps albiventer","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.604",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-154B5EDB",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/642/mode/1up","Carbo albiventer"],["5105","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps georgianus","(Lönnberg, 1906)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 40 no.5 p.69 pl.2 fig.4,5",null,null,null,null,null,"South Georgia, South Sandwich, and South Orkney islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A941EF8",null,null,"South Georgia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114447#page/651/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax atriceps georgianus"],["5106","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps melanogenis","(Blyth, 1860)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 29, no.1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Prince Edward, Marion, and Crozet islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EAE1D03",null,null,"Crozet Islands.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114409#page/119/mode/1up","Hypoleucus melanogenis"],["5107","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps bransfieldensis","(Murphy, 1936)","Oceanic Birds of South America p.889",null,null,null,null,null,"South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89CBCA28",null,null,"South Shetlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44597#page/263/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax atriceps bransfieldensis"],["5108","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps verrucosus","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.132 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"Kerguelen Island (southern Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6DA25F4",null,null,"Kerguelen.","[Über eine Sammlung von Vögeln welche von S. M. Schiff Gazelle auf den Kerguelen-Inseln zusammengebracht worden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/462/mode/1up","Halieus (Hypoleucus) verrucosus"],["5109","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps nivalis","(Falla, 1937)","Report of the British-Australian-New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition 2 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"Heard Island (southern Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D7EF67A",null,null,"Atlas Cove, Heard Island.",null,null,"Phalacrocorax (Leucocarbo) atriceps nivalis"],["5110","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo atriceps purpurascens","(Brandt, 1837)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 3, no.4 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Macquarie Island and adjacent Bishop and Clerk Rocks (southeast of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-730616C3",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/468/mode/1up","Carbo purpurascens"],["5111","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo ranfurlyi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.66","Bounty Shag","Bounty Islands Shag","Bounty Islands Shag",null,null,"Bounty Islands (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696876","boisha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boisha1","avibase-0866195D",null,null,"Bounty Islands.","[Exhibition of birds from Auckland Island, with description of a new species of Cormorant from Bounty Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/224/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi"],["5112","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo carunculatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.576","New Zealand King Shag","New Zealand King Shag","Rough-faced Shag",null,null,"islands in Marlborough Sounds, Cook Strait (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696846","rofsha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rofsha1","avibase-09D4D411",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand and Staten Island, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/77/mode/1up","Pelecanus carunculatus"],["5113","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo campbelli","(Filhol, 1878)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 2 p.133,text","Campbell Shag","Campbell Islands Shag","Campbell Island Shag",null,null,"Campbell Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696840","caisha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caisha2","avibase-961A9CE2",null,null,"Campbell Island.","Note sur une nouvelle espèce d'Urile (Urile Campbelli) provenant de l'île Campbell.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/373/mode/1up","Urile campbelli"],["5114","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo colensoi","(Buller, 1888)","A history of the birds of New Zealand. 2nd ed. 2 p.161","Auckland Shag","Auckland Islands Shag","Auckland Islands Shag",null,null,"Auckland Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696869","auisha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auisha1","avibase-3B5B61A0",null,null,"Auckland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/222883#page/211/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax colensoi"],["5115","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo onslowi","(Forbes, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.20 p.533","Chatham Shag","Chatham Islands Shag","Chatham Islands Shag",null,null,"Chatham Islands",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696861","chisha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chisha1","avibase-6EE1B0CE",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Chatham Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/563/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax onslowi"],["5116","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo chalconotus","(Gray, 1845)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.20 pl.21","Stewart Island Shag","Stewart Island Shag","Stewart Island Shag","2025-0896","Taxon <em>stewarti </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Leucocarbo chalconotus</em> based on the multilocus DNA analysis of Rawlence et al. (2022), supported by phenotypic data. Further analysis may show that<em> L. onslowi </em>should also be subsumed within <em>L. chalconotus</em>.","southeastern coast of South Island, Foveaux Strait, and Stewart Island (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696853","brosha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brosha1","avibase-483FA17D",null,null,"Otago, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/100/mode/1up","Graculus chalconotus"],["5117","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo chalconotus chalconotus","(Gray, 1845)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.20 pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"New Zealand (southeastern coastal South Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A40A1399",null,null,"Otago, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/100/mode/1up","Graculus chalconotus"],["5118","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Leucocarbo chalconotus stewarti","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1898)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 26 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"New Zealand (Foveaux Strait and coastal Stewart Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-810A6904",null,null,"The Bluff, Southland, New Zealand",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34474#page/409/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax stewarti"],["5119","genus","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Urile","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pelecanus Urile [Gmelin, JF, 1789]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/733/mode/1up","Urile"],["5120","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Urile penicillatus","(Brandt, 1837)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 3, no.4 p.55","Brandt's Cormorant","Brandt's Cormorant","Brandt's Cormorant",null,null,"coastal southern Alaska to Baja California including Gulf of California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696753","bracor","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bracor","avibase-987A703D",null,null,"Type locality not given.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/468/mode/1up","Carbo penicillatus"],["5121","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Urile perspicillatus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.305","Spectacled Cormorant","Pallas's Cormorant","Spectacled Cormorant",null,null,"formerly islands in Bering Sea; extinct, last reported 1852","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696750","palcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palcor1","avibase-F7CFAA5D",null,null,"Bering Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/321/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax perspicillatus"],["5122","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Urile urile","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.575","Red-faced Cormorant","Red-faced Cormorant","Red-faced Cormorant",null,null,"coastal North Pacific from Kamchatka (eastern Russia) southward to southern Kuril Islands and Hokkaido (northern Japan), and eastward through Aleutian and Pribilof islands (Bering Sea) and southern Alaskan islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696887","refcor","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refcor","avibase-05DDE8C1",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/76/mode/1up","Pelecanus Urile"],["5123","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Urile pelagicus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.303","Pelagic Cormorant","Pelagic Cormorant","Pelagic Cormorant",null,null,"breeds coastal Arctic to subtropical North Pacific Ocean, from northeastern Siberia to northern Japan (to Honshu) and Aleutians to northern Baja California (eastern North Pacific); non-breeders range south to Korean Peninsula, southern Japan (Kyushu), and east-central China, and to western Baja California (northwestern Mexico; eastern North Pacific)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728950","pelcor","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pelcor","avibase-A429B5B8",null,null,"eastern Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/319/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax pelagicus"],["5124","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Urile pelagicus pelagicus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Chukotka and Kamchatka (eastern Russia) southward to northern Honshu (northern Japan) and islets off Liaoning (northeastern China), and eastward through Aleutians to British Colombia (southwestern Canada); winters southward to east-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-267B15B8",null,null,"eastern Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/319/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax pelagicus"],["5125","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Urile pelagicus resplendens","(Audubon, 1838)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.83 pl.412, fig.[1]",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern British Columbia (southwestern Canada) to southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2632F36",null,null,"Cape Disappointment, Washington.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/423/","Phalacrocorax resplendens"],["5126","genus","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.60;6, p.511",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pelecanus carbo [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Pelecanus carbo Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/104/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax"],["5127","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax neglectus","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.214","Bank Cormorant","Bank Cormorant","Bank Cormorant",null,null,"coastal southwestern Africa (Namibia southward to southwestern Cape Province)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696766","bancor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bancor1","avibase-37D2AC51",null,null,"Islands off the coast of southwest Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/228/mode/1up","Graculus neglectus"],["5128","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax capensis","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.61,pl.FALSE","Cape Cormorant","Cape Cormorant","Cape Cormorant",null,null,"coastal southwestern Namibia southward to southern South Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696806","capcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capcor1","avibase-AE61BF48",null,null,"False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/55/mode/1up","Pelecanus capensis"],["5129","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax capillatus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1849)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves pl.83, 83B","Japanese Cormorant","Japanese Cormorant","Japanese Cormorant",null,null,"rocky seacoasts and islands of northeastern Asia, from southeastern Russia southward to Kyushu (southern Japan), Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China; ranges southward to Izu Islands and northern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), coastal eastern China, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696799","japcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japcor1","avibase-EF2F3A05",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/369/mode/1up","Carbo capillatus"],["5130","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax carbo","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.133","Great Cormorant","Great Cormorant","Great Cormorant","2025-0898","Taxon <em>lucidus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phalacrocorax carbo</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split as a separate species, genetic studies (Marion &amp; Le Gentil 2006; Kennedy &amp; Spencer 2014; Ochiai et al. 2020; Baltz et al. 2021), based mostly on mitochondrial DNA, show relationships within <em>P. carbo</em> to be poorly resolved and that<em> P. capillatus</em> might also be part of this group (see Kennedy &amp; Spencer 2014) albeit based on an unvouchered specimen. Further work is needed to assess the taxonomic status of <em>P. capillatus</em>, which has long been considered morphologically and ecologically distinctive.","inland central Europe and Africa eastward to northeastern Russia and Japan, in south through Indian subcontinent and Mongolia, and disjunctly Cambodia, Vietnam, and Borneo, south-central New Guinea, Australia (including Tasmania but excluding western deserts), main islands of New Zealand, Rennell (southern Solomon Islands), and New Caledonia, and coastal North Atlantic of western Greenland and western Europe, and eastern Canada to Maine; winters southward on coasts to Iberian Peninsula, and Delaware",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696792","grecor","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grecor","avibase-3DF5C587",null,null,"Europe; restricted to the 'rock-nesting form of the north Atlantic Ocean' by Hartert, 1920, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 1387.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/151/mode/1up","Pelecanus Carbo"],["5131","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax carbo carbo","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal North Atlantic of western Greenland and western Europe, and eastern Canada to Maine (northeastern USA); winters southward on coasts to Iberian Peninsula and Delaware",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CACDB3FA",null,null,"Europe; restricted to the 'rock-nesting form of the north Atlantic Ocean' by Hartert, 1920, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 1387.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/151/mode/1up","Pelecanus Carbo"],["5132","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis","(Staunton, 1796)","An authentic account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China 3 (Atlas) pl.37",null,null,null,null,null,"inland central Europe eastward to northeastern Russia, in south through Indian subcontinent and Mongolia, and disjunctly Cambodia, Vietnam, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A12AFD4",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209155#page/121/mode/1up","Pelecanus sinensis"],["5133","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae","Kuroda, 1925","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 4, no.20 p.438,pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal and inland Hokkaido to Kyushu (Japan); winters southward to Ryukyu and Izu islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0060CDE4",null,null,"Haneda, Province of Shimosa, Japan.","On the Japanese Cormorant.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo.4.20_336","Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae"],["5134","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus","Hartert, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Africa (Morocco to Mauritania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC4B170B",null,null,"Shorf Elbaz, west coast of Morocco.","On a new Cormorant from Morocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/136/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus"],["5135","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"inland sub-Saharan Africa and Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B38FDD3E",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/106/mode/1up","Halieus lucidus"],["5136","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt.1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"inland and coastal Australia (including Tasmania but excluding western deserts), main islands of New Zealand including Chatham Islands, Rennell (southern Solomon Islands), and Grande Terre (New Caledonia); ranges to south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DCC6BE1",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/127/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax Novae Hollandiae"],["5137","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax nigrogularis","Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2, no.1 p.3","Socotra Cormorant","Socotra Cormorant","Socotra Cormorant",null,null,"seacoasts and islands in Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea (off Oman), Gulf of Aden, Socotra, and perhaps Red Sea (off Eritrea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696802","soccor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soccor1","avibase-7947E603",null,null,"Socotra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/191/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax nigrogularis"],["5138","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax featherstoni","Buller, 1873","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.9 p.90","Pitt Shag","Pitt Island Shag","Pitt Island Shag",null,null,"Chatham Islands (New Zealand)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696907","piisha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piisha1","avibase-5B0295B2",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","Description of a new Species of Cormorant from the Chatham Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/112/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax featherstoni"],["5139","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax punctatus","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.x,pl.FALSE","Spotted Shag","Spotted Shag","Spotted Shag",null,null,"coastal North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696901","sposha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sposha1","avibase-CB10D093",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/53/mode/1up","Pelicanus punctatus"],["5140","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax punctatus punctatus","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.x,pl.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal North and South islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B95485B",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/53/mode/1up","Pelicanus punctatus"],["5141","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax punctatus oliveri","Mathews, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Stewart Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8D9A410",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/50/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax oliveri"],["5142","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax fuscicollis","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt.1 p.91","Indian Cormorant","Indian Cormorant","Indian Cormorant",null,null,"patchily inland, from Indus Valley (central Pakistan) southward through Sri Lanka and eastward through India and southern Myanmar to southern Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696779","indcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indcor1","avibase-2D189E70",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/125/mode/1up","Phalacrocorax fuscicollis"],["5143","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax sulcirostris","(Brandt, 1837)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 3, no.4 p.56","Little Black Cormorant","Little Black Cormorant","Little Black Cormorant",null,null,"coastal and inland Java and Sulawesi eastward through New Guinea region, Australia (including Tasmania but excluding western deserts), Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia), New Caledonia, and New Zealand (mainly North Island but spreading southward)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696788","libcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/libcor1","avibase-DA51102A",null,null,"'Terres australes' = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 240.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/468/mode/1up","Carbo sulcirostris"],["5144","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax fuscescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.86","Black-faced Cormorant","Black-faced Cormorant","Black-faced Cormorant",null,null,"coastal southern Australia (southern Western Australia to southeastern New South Wales, Tasmania and Bass Strait islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696770","blfcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfcor1","avibase-100C8781",null,null,"'Australasie.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/100/mode/1up","Hydrocorax fuscescens"],["5145","species","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax varius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.576","Australian Pied Cormorant","Pied Cormorant","Great Pied Cormorant",null,null,"coastal and inland Australia and North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696782","piecor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piecor1","avibase-E5FAABD0",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/77/mode/1up","Pelecanus varius"],["5146","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax varius hypoleucos","(Brandt, 1837)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 3, no.4 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Australia, interior eastern and northern Australia, and northwestern Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6E31B2C",null,null,"no locality = South Australia, fide Mathews 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 241.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43693#page/468/mode/1up","Carbo hypoleucos"],["5147","subspecies","Suliformes","Phalacrocoracidae","Cormorants and Shags","Phalacrocorax varius varius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89A180E3",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/77/mode/1up","Pelecanus varius"],["5148","order","Pelecaniformes",null,null,"Pelecaniformes",null,null,"Herons, Ibises, Pelicans, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5149","family","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornithidae",null,null,"Ibises and Spoonbills","Ibises and Spoonbills","Ibises, Spoonbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"thresk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thresk1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5150","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Eudocimus","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1232",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scolopax rubra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Reichenow, 1877, Journ. f. Ornith., 25, p. 145).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/662/mode/1up","Eudocimus"],["5151","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Eudocimus ruber","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145","Scarlet Ibis","Scarlet Ibis","Scarlet Ibis",null,null,"coastal Colombia to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697415","scaibi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaibi","avibase-45039A43",null,null,"Bahamas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax rubra"],["5152","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Eudocimus albus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145","American White Ibis","White Ibis","White Ibis",null,null,"coastal and lowlands areas of western Mexico and the southeastern USA (expanding northward) southward to Costa Rica and the Greater Antilles, Panama, and Pacific coast from Colombia, southward to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes), coastal northern Colombia and northern Venezuela, and llanos of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697411","whiibi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiibi","avibase-74EDE3CA",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax alba"],["5153","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Eudocimus albus albus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal and lowlands areas of western Mexico and the southeastern USA southward to Costa Rica and the Greater Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80C65518",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/164/mode/1up","Scolopax alba"],["5154","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Eudocimus albus ramobustorum","Patten, 2012","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 132 p.128 [128-132]",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama and northern South America: Pacific coast from Colombia, southward to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes); coastal northern Colombia and northern Venezuela; and llanos of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-516E4825",null,null,"Tacarigua de La Laguna, Miranda, Venezuela (10°30'N, 65°87'W).","The White Ibis Eudocimus albus subspecies of South America","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229101#page/58/mode/1up","Eudocimus albus ramobustorum"],["5155","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Theristicus","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1231",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tantalus melanopis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/662/mode/1up","Theristicus"],["5156","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Theristicus caerulescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 16 p.18","Plumbeous Ibis","Plumbeous Ibis","Plumbeous Ibis",null,null,"lowlands of southern Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697435","pluibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pluibi1","avibase-4FCC3FE0",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60152#page/28/mode/1up","Ibis coerulescens"],["5157","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Theristicus caudatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.57","Buff-necked Ibis","Buff-necked Ibis","Buff-necked Ibis",null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, and eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697441","bunibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bunibi1","avibase-5E393799",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/79/mode/1up","Scolopax caudatus"],["5158","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Theristicus caudatus caudatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52AE9538",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/79/mode/1up","Scolopax caudatus"],["5159","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Theristicus caudatus hyperorius","Todd, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BCFA530",null,null,"Buena Vista, Bolivia.","A new Booby and a new Ibis from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/242/mode/1up","Theristicus caudatus hyperorius"],["5160","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Theristicus melanopis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.653","Black-faced Ibis","Black-faced Ibis","Black-faced Ibis",null,null,"coastal Peru and coastal far northern Chile, and central Chile and central Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734000","bkfibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfibi1","avibase-7DE15211",null,null,"'In insula Novi Anni.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/154/mode/1up","Tantalus melanopis"],["5161","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Theristicus branickii","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.404","Andean Ibis","Andean Ibis","Andean Ibis",null,null,"Andes of Ecuador to far northern Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697444","bkfibi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfibi2","avibase-B7BFD1E9",null,null,"Maraynioc, Pariayacu, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/436/mode/1up","Theristicus branickii"],["5162","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Cercibis","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1232",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ibis oxycercus [von Spix, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/662/mode/1up","Cercibis"],["5163","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Cercibis oxycerca","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.69, pl.87","Sharp-tailed Ibis","Sharp-tailed Ibis","Sharp-tailed Ibis",null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia to the Guianas and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697432","shtibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtibi1","avibase-237E5445",null,null,"'Province of Pará,.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/83/mode/1up","Ibis oxycercus"],["5164","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Mesembrinibis","Peters, 1930","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tantalus cayennensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Mesembrinibis"],["5165","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Mesembrinibis cayennensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.652","Green Ibis","Green Ibis","Green Ibis",null,null,"lowlands of Costa Rica to northeastern Argentina and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697460","greibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greibi1","avibase-08DD4E80",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/153/mode/1up","Tantalus cayennensis"],["5166","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Phimosus","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1233",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ibis nudifrons [von Spix, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/663/mode/1up","Phimosus"],["5167","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Phimosus infuscatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.75","Bare-faced Ibis","Bare-faced Ibis","Bare-faced Ibis",null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, Suriname, Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697418","bafibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bafibi1","avibase-89289A1D",null,null,"Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/95/mode/1up","Ibis infuscata"],["5168","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Phimosus infuscatus berlepschi","Hellmayr, 1903","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, Suriname, and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F47B02F",null,null,"Orinoco River region.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/255/mode/1up","Phimosus berlepschi"],["5169","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Phimosus infuscatus nudifrons","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.69, pl.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52E90B51",null,null,"'Ad litora lacuum fl. St. Francisci.' Type from Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/83/mode/1up","Ibis nudifrons"],["5170","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Phimosus infuscatus infuscatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26F09F67",null,null,"Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/95/mode/1up","Ibis infuscata"],["5171","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Plegadis","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.82",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tantalus falcinellus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/110/mode/1up","Plegadis"],["5172","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Plegadis falcinellus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.241","Glossy Ibis","Glossy Ibis","Glossy Ibis",null,null,"locally in eastern North and southern South America, Africa, Eurasia, and southern Asia to Australasia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697422","gloibi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gloibi","avibase-D4540F88",null,null,"Java and Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/245/mode/1up","Tantalus Falcinellus"],["5173","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Plegadis chihi","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.303","White-faced Ibis","White-faced Ibis","White-faced Ibis",null,null,"Great Basin of western USA to southwestern Brazil and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697426","whfibi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfibi","avibase-FD2B0309",null,null,"Paraguay and campos of Buenos Aires, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/327/mode/1up","Numenius chihi"],["5174","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Plegadis ridgwayi","(Allen, 1876)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 3, no.15 p.355","Puna Ibis","Puna Ibis","Puna Ibis",null,null,"high Andes of central Peru to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697429","punibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punibi1","avibase-A3ED02A0",null,null,"Lake Titicaca, Peru","Exploration of Lake Titicaca","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30729#page/397/mode/1up","Falcinellus Ridgwayi"],["5175","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Lophotibis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xiv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tantalus cristatus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/82/mode/1up","Lophotibis"],["5176","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Lophotibis cristata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.51","Madagascar Ibis","Madagascar Ibis","Madagascar Crested Ibis",null,null,"Madagascar (except central and far southern)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697504","madibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madibi1","avibase-F6DD994A",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/73/mode/1up","Tantalus cristatus"],["5177","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Lophotibis cristata cristata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08EC1CD0",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/73/mode/1up","Tantalus cristatus"],["5178","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Lophotibis cristata urschi","Lavauden, 1929","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 1 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of western Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-995F7F5C",null,null,"Ankarafantsika and 100 km. southeast of Majunga, western Madagascar.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1929_T001_N004","Lophotibis cristata urschi"],["5179","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia","Gray, 1847","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3 p.565,566",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ibis carunculata [Rüppell, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/210/mode/1up","Bostrychia"],["5180","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia carunculata","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.49 pl.19","Wattled Ibis","Wattled Ibis","Wattled Ibis",null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697468","watibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watibi1","avibase-AC5B7A01",null,null,"Taranta Mountains, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/129/mode/1up","Ibis carunculata"],["5181","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia hagedash","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.709","Hadada Ibis","Hadada Ibis","Hadada Ibis",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland and foothill grasslands, savanna, wooded wetlands, and irrigated cultivation, from Senegambia eastward to Sudan, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and southward to South Africa (absent in dry southwestern Africa but range expanding with irrigation)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697463","hadibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hadibi1","avibase-CAFBA217",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/249/mode/1up","Tantalus Hagedash"],["5182","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia hagedash nilotica","(Neumann, 1909)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan and Ethiopia southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9466A00B",null,null,"Kimo, northwest of Adis Ababa, Ethiopia.","Die geographischen Formen des Hagedasch-Ibis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/219/mode/1up","Hagedashia hagedash nilotica"],["5183","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia hagedash brevirostris","(Reichenow, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Kenya and southward to Zambezi Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C1D755D",null,null,"Alen, southern Cameroon = Equatorial Guinea.","Neue Arten aus dem Fan-Gebiet (südlich Kamerun) in Westafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/165/mode/1up","Theristicus brevirostris"],["5184","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia hagedash hagedash","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.709",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Africa (south of the Zambezi Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-566E8055",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/249/mode/1up","Tantalus Hagedash"],["5185","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia rara","(Rothschild, Hartert & Kleinschmidt, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.2 p.377","Spot-breasted Ibis","Spot-breasted Ibis","Spot-breasted Ibis",null,null,"Liberia to Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northeastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697484","spbibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbibi1","avibase-44E9A521",null,null,"Guinea (Hartlaub), Prince's Island (Dorhn); Denkera (Usher), Gold Coast, ex. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, pl. 51.","Comatibis eremita (Linn.), a European bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/417/mode/1up","Lampribis rara"],["5186","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia bocagei","(Chapin, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.84 p.5 fig.2A,3A","Sao Tome Ibis","Sao Tome Ibis","Dwarf Ibis",null,null,"São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697478","oliibi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliibi3","avibase-8B771A3B",null,null,"Rio de São Tome, São Tome.","The olive ibis of Dubus and its representative on São Thomé.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4590/","Lampribis bocagei"],["5187","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia olivacea","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1838)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 4 p.105,pl.","Olive Ibis","Olive Ibis","Olive Ibis",null,null,"disjunctly along lowland to montane streams and rivers in dense forest, and swamp forest, from Sierra Leone to Ghana, from southern Cameroon southward to Gabon and eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and highlands of central Kenya and northeastern Tanzania; extinct on Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697472","oliibi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliibi2","avibase-23ACB56E",null,null,"Upper Guinea, accepted as type locality by Chapin, loc. cit.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53798#page/127/mode/1up","Ibis olivacea"],["5188","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia olivacea olivacea","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1838)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 4 p.105,pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Sierra Leone and Liberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E95A607",null,null,"Upper Guinea, accepted as type locality by Chapin, loc. cit.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53798#page/127/mode/1up","Ibis olivacea"],["5189","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia olivacea cupreipennis","(Reichenow, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62FE1D03",null,null,"Cameroon.","Über Theristicus olivaceus und Verwandte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/152/mode/1up","Theristicus cupreipennis"],["5190","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia olivacea rothschildi","(Bannerman, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea); extinct ca. 1901","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-39AD0526",null,null,"Roga Infante D. Henrique, Principe Island,","Exhibition of a rare Ibis, and description of a new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/274/mode/1up","Lampribis rothschildi"],["5191","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Bostrychia olivacea akeleyorum","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.21 p.235, pl.23-24",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6DA47EF",null,null,"south slope of Mt. Kenya, altitude, 9,000 ft.","A new Ibis from Mt. Kenia, British East Africa.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1899","Oreoibis akleyorum"],["5192","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Nipponia","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xiv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nipponia temminckii [Reichenbach, 1853]; type by original designation and virtual tautonymy = Ibis nippon Temminck, 1835",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/82/mode/1up","Nipponia"],["5193","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Nipponia nippon","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.93, vol.5 pl.551","Crested Ibis","Crested Ibis","Asian Crested Ibis",null,null,"China (mainly Shaanxi, in north-central China); reintroduced to southern South Korea (Upo Wetlands) and Sado Island, northwestern Japan",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697548","creibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creibi1","avibase-3E328C3C",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/487/mode/1up","Ibis nippon"],["5194","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Geronticus","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1232",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tantalus calvus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 67).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/662/mode/1up","Geronticus"],["5195","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Geronticus eremita","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118","Northern Bald Ibis","Northern Bald Ibis","Northern Bald Ibis",null,null,"patchily distributed mountains of Morocco, Syria, and Red Sea area",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697488","waldra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/waldra1","avibase-B20FECE2",null,null,"Helvetia [=Switzerland]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Upupa Eremita"],["5196","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Geronticus calvus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52","Southern Bald Ibis","Southern Bald Ibis","Southern Bald Ibis",null,null,"highlands of northeastern South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697496","balibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balibi1","avibase-645134D3",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Tantalus Calvus"],["5197","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Pseudibis","Hodgson, 1844","The zoological miscellany 3 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ibis papillosa [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,"Catalogue of Nipalese Birds collected between 1824 and 1844.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/106/mode/1up","Pseudibis"],["5198","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Pseudibis gigantea","(Oustalet, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 1 p.25","Giant Ibis","Giant Ibis","Giant Ibis","2025-0314","Taxon <em>gigantea </em>is placed in the genus <em>Pseudibis </em>(polytypic, including <em>papillosa </em>and <em>davisoni</em>) as justification for its treatment as a monotypic genus is lacking. Genetic data would be informative.","lowlands of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697536","giaibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giaibi1","avibase-F12CC061",null,null,"Mekong River, Cambodia.","Sur une nouvelle espèce d'Ibis (Ibis gigantea).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/35/mode/1up","Ibis gigantea"],["5199","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Pseudibis papillosa","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.51, vol.5 pl.304,text","Red-naped Ibis","Red-naped Ibis","Red-naped Ibis",null,null,"semiarid lowlands of India and Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697528","renibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renibi1","avibase-2B954EC3",null,null,"India and Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/483/mode/1up","Ibis papillosa"],["5200","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Pseudibis davisoni","(Hume, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3 p.300","White-shouldered Ibis","White-shouldered Ibis","White-shouldered Ibis",null,null,"southwestern China to Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, and Indochina",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697531","whsibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsibi1","avibase-9FDF4A2E",null,null,"Pakchan estuary, Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/330/mode/1up","Geronticus Davisoni"],["5201","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Platalea leucorodia [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 67).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/157/mode/1up","Platalea"],["5202","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea ajaja","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.140","Roseate Spoonbill","Roseate Spoonbill","Roseate Spoonbill",null,null,"southern USA to northern Argentina, Brazil, and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697574","rosspo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rosspo1","avibase-70924157",null,null,"'in America australi' = Rio São Francisco, eastern Brazil, ex Marcgrave, designated by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 301.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/159/mode/1up","Platalea Ajaja"],["5203","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea flavipes","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.7","Yellow-billed Spoonbill","Yellow-billed Spoonbill","Yellow-billed Spoonbill",null,null,"southwestern, northern, and eastern Australia (excluding Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697571","yebspo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebspo1","avibase-62A22779",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/309/mode/1up","Platalea flavipes"],["5204","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea alba","Scopoli, 1786","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.92","African Spoonbill","African Spoonbill","African Spoonbill",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697564","afrspo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrspo1","avibase-F86BB1D3",null,null,"Luzon, Philippines; error. Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Platalea alba"],["5205","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea leucorodia","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.139","Eurasian Spoonbill","Eurasian Spoonbill","Eurasian Spoonbill",null,null,"breeds patchily British Isles eastward to southeastern Russia and the Korean Peninsula, and southward to northeastern Africa, India, and Sri Lanka; winters to central Africa and southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697555","eurspo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurspo1","avibase-A0A584C1",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 57.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/157/mode/1up","Platalea Leucorodia"],["5206","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea leucorodia leucorodia","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Palearctic to India; winters to central Africa and southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D88350",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 57.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/157/mode/1up","Platalea Leucorodia"],["5207","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea leucorodia balsaci","de Naurois & Roux, 1974","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 44 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Banc d'Arguin (off coast of Mauritania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C6C0ACB",null,null,"Zira Island, Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania.","Précisions concernant la morphologie, les affinités et la position systématique de quelques oiseaux du banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/317862#page/85/mode/1up","Platalea leucorodia balsaci"],["5208","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea leucorodia archeri","Neumann, 1928","Journal für Ornithologie 76, no.4 p.783",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts of Red Sea and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1744E8BC",null,null,"Dahlak Island, Red Sea.","Neue Formen von Nordost- und Ost-Afrika.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01923578","Platalea leucorodia archeri"],["5209","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea regia","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.7","Royal Spoonbill","Royal Spoonbill","Royal Spoonbill",null,null,"New Guinea, southwestern, northern, and eastern Australia including eastern Tasmania, Solomon Archipelago, and New Zealand (where self-introduced by 1860s)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697561","royspo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/royspo1","avibase-DEAF523A",null,null,"east coast of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/309/mode/1up","Platalea regia"],["5210","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Platalea minor","Temminck & Schlegel, 1849","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.120, pl.76","Black-faced Spoonbill","Black-faced Spoonbill","Black-faced Spoonbill",null,null,"breeds northeastern Russia (southern Primorsky Krai), North and South Korea, and northeastern China (Liaoning; suspected elsewhere in northeastern China); winters in Vietnam, southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, occasionally in southern Japan; recent records from Thailand, Philippines, Macao, and inland China; formerly more widespread breeder in eastern Asia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697568","blfspo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfspo1","avibase-DFD1DDFF",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/130/mode/1up","Platalea minor"],["5211","genus","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis","Gray, 1842","Appendix to a list of the genera of birds Ed.2Appendix p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tantalus aethiopicus [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Threskiornis"],["5212","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis spinicollis","(Jameson, 1835)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 19 p.213 [date here before Oct.]","Straw-necked Ibis","Straw-necked Ibis","Straw-necked Ibis",null,null,"breeds southern Australia (except Tasmania); winters to northern Australia and southern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697525","stnibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stnibi1","avibase-073C56D1",null,null,"Murray River, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159320#page/235/mode/1up","Ibis spinicollis"],["5213","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis molucca","(Cuvier, 1829)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée 1 p.520,note","Australian White Ibis","Australian Ibis","Australian Ibis","2025-N039","<em>Threskiornis moluccus</em> has also been used. Usage of <em>molucca </em>follows Schodde &amp; Bock (2016).","Wallacea, New Guinea, Australia, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697519","ausibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausibi1","avibase-8C461E3F",null,null,"Moluccas, Indonesia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104184#page/572/mode/1up","Ibis molucca"],["5214","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis molucca molucca","(Cuvier, 1829)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée 1 p.520,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas, eastern Lesser Sundas, southern New Guinea, and southwestern, northern, and eastern Australia (except Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A0C576F",null,null,"Moluccas, Indonesia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104184#page/572/mode/1up","Ibis molucca"],["5215","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis molucca pygmaeus","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell and Bellona (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-925DF9B7",null,null,"Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Threskiornis aethiopicus pygmaeus"],["5216","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis melanocephalus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.709","Black-headed Ibis","Black-headed Ibis","Black-headed Ibis",null,null,"India to southeastern Asia; winters to eastern China, Sumatra, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697516","blhibi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhibi1","avibase-423DDA5A",null,null,"India. Nepal, India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), southern Manchuria south",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/249/mode/1up","Tantalus melanocephalus"],["5217","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis solitarius","(de Sélys Longchamps, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.293-294","Reunion Ibis","Reunion Ibis","Reunion Ibis",null,null,"formerly Réunion Island; extinct, last reported 1715","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728791","reusol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reusol1","avibase-14762870",null,null,"Bourbon, i.e. Reunion.","Résumé concernant les Oiseaux brévipennes mentionnés dans l'ouvrage de M. Strickland sur le Dodo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/305/mode/1up","Apterornis solitarius"],["5218","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis aethiopicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.706","African Sacred Ibis","African Sacred Ibis","African Sacred Ibis",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and southeastern Iraq; formerly Egypt",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697510","sacibi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacibi2","avibase-550DE745",null,null,"'Aethiopia' = ? Egypt (cf. Bruce, 1790, Travels Source Nile, 5, p. 172, pl. [35]).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/246/mode/1up","Tantalus aethiopicus"],["5219","species","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis bernieri","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.151","Malagasy Sacred Ibis","Malagasy Sacred Ibis","Malagasy Sacred Ibis",null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles) and Madagascar",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731855","sacibi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacibi3","avibase-EE3DD029",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/709/mode/1up","Ibis bernieri"],["5220","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis bernieri bernieri","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE9A40B8",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/709/mode/1up","Ibis bernieri"],["5221","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Threskiornithidae","Ibises and Spoonbills","Threskiornis bernieri abbotti","(Ridgway, 1893)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.953 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0691806",null,null,"Aldabra Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/755/mode/1up","Ibis abbotti"],["5222","family","Pelecaniformes","Balaenicipitidae","Shoebill","Balaenicipitidae",null,null,"Shoebill","Shoebill","Shoebill",null,null,null,null,null,null,"balaen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balaen1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5223","genus","Pelecaniformes","Balaenicipitidae","Shoebill","Balaeniceps","Gould, 1850","The Athenæum. Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts no.1207 p.1315",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Balaeniceps rex [Gould, 1850]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Balaeniceps"],["5224","species","Pelecaniformes","Balaenicipitidae","Shoebill","Balaeniceps rex","Gould, 1850","The Athenæum. Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts no.1207 p.1315","Shoebill","Shoebill","Shoebill",null,null,"swamps of South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia; irregular non-breeding visitor in Central African Republic",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697583","shoebi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shoebi1","avibase-47C7FDFD",null,null,"upper White Nile.",null,null,"Balaeniceps Rex"],["5225","family","Pelecaniformes","Scopidae","Hamerkop","Scopidae",null,null,"Hamerkop","Hamerkop","Hamerkop",null,null,null,null,null,null,"scopid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scopid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5226","genus","Pelecaniformes","Scopidae","Hamerkop","Scopus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.503",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scopus umbretta [J.F. Gmelin, 1789]; type by tautonymy = Scopus umbretta J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Scopus"],["5227","species","Pelecaniformes","Scopidae","Hamerkop","Scopus umbretta","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.618","Hamerkop","Hamerkop","Hamerkop",null,null,"southwestern Arabian Peninsula, tropical Africa, and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697356","hamerk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hamerk1","avibase-FC10F6ED",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/119/mode/1up","Scopus Umbretta"],["5228","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Scopidae","Hamerkop","Scopus umbretta umbretta","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.618",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Africa, Madagascar, and southwestern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2E62F81",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/119/mode/1up","Scopus Umbretta"],["5229","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Scopidae","Hamerkop","Scopus umbretta minor","Bates, 1931","Ibis ser.13, vol.1, no.2 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Africa (Sierra Leone to western Cameroon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92713531",null,null,"near Bonthe, Sherbro Island, Sierra Leone.","On Geographical Variations within the Limits of West Africa : some Generalizations.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01518.x","Scopus umbretta minor"],["5230","family","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanidae",null,null,"Pelicans","Pelicans","Pelicans",null,null,null,null,null,null,"peleca1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peleca1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5231","genus","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pelecanus onocrotalus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 80).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Pelecanus"],["5232","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus erythrorhynchos","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.571","American White Pelican","American White Pelican","American White Pelican",null,null,"breeds inland south-central British Columbia and northeastern Alberta to west-central Ontario (southwestern and south-central Canada) southward to central California and Texas (southwestern to south-central USA); non-breeders range inland southern USA to northwestern Central America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697611","amwpel","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amwpel","avibase-866903B9",null,null,"North America = Hudson Bay and New York, ex Latham, Syn., 3, 2, p. 586, no. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/72/mode/1up","Pelecanus erythrorhynchos"],["5233","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus thagus","Molina, 1782","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.240","Peruvian Pelican","Peruvian Pelican","Peruvian Pelican",null,null,"Pacific coast of southern Ecuador to southern Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697619","perpel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perpel1","avibase-13048FE0",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=241&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Pelecanus Thagus"],["5234","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus occidentalis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.215","Brown Pelican","Brown Pelican","Brown Pelican",null,null,"breeds coastal southern California to Ecuador including Galapagos; Maryland through Caribbean; non-breeders range to southwestern coastal British Columbia and southward to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733989","brnpel","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnpel","avibase-F59AB6B3",null,null,"Jamaica, from first citation.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/219/mode/1up","Pelecanus occidentalis"],["5235","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus occidentalis californicus","Ridgway, 1884","Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 13 p.143,132 (key)",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southern California (Channel Islands) south locally to northwestern Mexico (south to Sinaloa); disperses north and south along the coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCE3CAE8",null,null,"La Paz, Lower California.","The Water Birds of North America, vol. 2","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25484#page/155/mode/1up","Pelecanus (fuscus?) californicus"],["5236","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastally in eastern USA (Maryland southward to Florida and Texas), eastern Mexico, Belize, and Honduras; and on Pacific coasts of Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama; disperses north on Atlantic coast and southward to eastern Brazil; and on Pacific coast, north to southern Mexico and southward to Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D657F5D",null,null,"Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/72/mode/1up","Pelecanus carolinensis"],["5237","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus occidentalis murphyi","Wetmore, 1945","The Auk 62, no.4 p.583",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on the Pacific coast of northwestern South America (Colombia and Ecuador); disperses southward to northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-479864F9",null,null,"Pelado Island, Santa Elena Bay, Ecuador.","A review of the forms of the Brown Pelican.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol62/iss4/8/","Pelecanus occidentalis murphyi"],["5238","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"West Indies and Caribbean to islands off Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3E9442B",null,null,"Jamaica, from first citation.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/219/mode/1up","Pelecanus occidentalis"],["5239","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus occidentalis urinator","Wetmore, 1945","The Auk 62, no.4 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BFC1815",null,null,"Hood Island, Galapagos Archipelago. [Española Island, Galapagos]","A review of the forms of the Brown Pelican.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol62/iss4/8/","Pelecanus occidentalis urinator"],["5240","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus onocrotalus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.132","Great White Pelican","Great White Pelican","Great White Pelican",null,null,"locally in south-central Eurasia, southern Asia, and Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697590","grwpel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grwpel1","avibase-8BAFB01E",null,null,"Africa, Asia; Caspian Sea, Russia, suggested as restricted type locality by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1933, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 53, p. 189",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/150/mode/1up","Pelecanus Onocrotalus"],["5241","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus conspicillatus","Temminck, 1824","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.47, vol.5 pl.276","Australian Pelican","Australian Pelican","Australian Pelican",null,null,"breeds Australia including Tasmania; winters to New Guinea region and central and eastern Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697608","auspel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auspel1","avibase-507E4975",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/647/mode/1up","Pelecanus conspicillatus"],["5242","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus rufescens","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.571","Pink-backed Pelican","Pink-backed Pelican","Pink-backed Pelican",null,null,"locally in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697595","pibpel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pibpel1","avibase-8D24E93C",null,null,"West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/72/mode/1up","Pelecanus rufescens"],["5243","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus philippensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.571","Spot-billed Pelican","Spot-billed Pelican","Spot-billed Pelican",null,null,"lowlands of India to southeastern Asia and Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697604","spbpel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbpel1","avibase-793E3F20",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/72/mode/1up","Pelecanus philippensis"],["5244","species","Pelecaniformes","Pelecanidae","Pelicans","Pelecanus crispus","Bruch, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 10 col.1109","Dalmatian Pelican","Dalmatian Pelican","Dalmatian Pelican",null,null,"breeds southern Eurasia; winters to India",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697599","dalpel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dalpel1","avibase-7C6D8BA2",null,null,"Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/597/mode/1up","Pelecanus crispus"],["5245","family","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeidae",null,null,"Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Herons",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ardeid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ardeid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5246","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigriornis","Sharpe, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tigrisoma leucolopha [Jardine, 1846]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/308/mode/1up","Tigriornis"],["5247","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigriornis leucolopha","(Jardine, 1846)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.17, no.110 p.86","White-crested Tiger Heron","White-crested Tiger-Heron","White-crested Tiger-heron",null,null,"Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697277","whcbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcbit1","avibase-F3DE951B",null,null,"Old Calabar River or Bonny River, Nigeria.","XIII. Horae Zoologicae. No. VII. Notice of some Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20340#page/106/mode/1up","Tigrisoma leucolopha"],["5248","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Ardea tigrina [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Ardea lineata Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/390/mode/1up","Tigrisoma"],["5249","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma lineatum","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52","Rufescent Tiger Heron","Rufescent Tiger-Heron","Rufescent Tiger-heron",null,null,"southeastern Mexico to eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697269","ruther1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruther1","avibase-435D9988",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Ardea lineata"],["5250","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma lineatum lineatum","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to Amazonian Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F9C48D1",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Ardea lineata"],["5251","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma lineatum marmoratum","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia to eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31FC1E3B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/433/mode/1up","Ardea marmorata"],["5252","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma mexicanum","Swainson, 1834","An encyclopædia of geography [etc.] pt.3 p.1383","Bare-throated Tiger Heron","Bare-throated Tiger-Heron","Bare-throated Tiger-heron",null,null,"wet lowlands of coastal western and eastern Mexico (from southern Sonora and southern Tamaulipas) southward through Central America to far northwestern Colombia (lower Atrato Valley), with an extremely disjunct population in northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697259","btther1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btther1","avibase-9DB9D675",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/An_Encyclopaedia_of_Geography/-vlCAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Tigrisoma%20mexicana&pg=PA1383&printsec=frontcover","Tigrisoma mexicana"],["5253","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma fasciatum","(Such, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.117","Fasciated Tiger Heron","Fasciated Tiger-Heron","Fasciated Tiger-heron",null,null,"Costa Rica to southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697264","father1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/father1","avibase-4F6C5988",null,null,"Brazil.","XIV. Descriptions of some hitherto uncharacterized Brazilian Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/145/mode/1up","Ardea Fasciata"],["5254","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma fasciatum salmoni","Sclater & Salvin, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.38,textfig.",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to Venezuela and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9478F037",null,null,"Cauca River, Colombia.","Descriptions of some new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/76/mode/1up","Tigrisoma salmoni"],["5255","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma fasciatum fasciatum","(Such, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-798B6D0F",null,null,"Brazil.","XIV. Descriptions of some hitherto uncharacterized Brazilian Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/145/mode/1up","Ardea Fasciata"],["5256","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Tigrisoma fasciatum pallescens","Olrog, 1950","Acta Zoológica Lilloana 9 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-438CAC23",null,null,"Quebrada El Pilon, Río Los Alisos, Salta, Argentina.","Notas ornitológicas sobre la colección del Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán. II.",null,"Tigrisoma salmoni pallescens"],["5257","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Cochlearius","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.506",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cancroma cochlearia [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Cancroma cochlearia Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Cochlearius"],["5258","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Cochlearius cochlearius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.233","Boat-billed Heron","Boat-billed Heron","Boat-billed Heron",null,null,"west-central and tropical eastern Mexico to the Guianas, Amazon basin, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697250","bobher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bobher1","avibase-74368984",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/237/mode/1up","Cancroma Cochlearia"],["5259","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Cochlearius cochlearius zeledoni","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.493 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-912B20E3",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/107/mode/1up","Cancroma zeledoni"],["5260","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Cochlearius cochlearius phillipsi","Dickerman, 1973","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 93 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Mexico and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1104CD78",null,null,"about 8 kilometers east of Atasta, Campeche, Mexico.","A review of the Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/147/mode/1up","Cochlearius cochlearius phillipsi"],["5261","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Cochlearius cochlearius ridgwayi","Dickerman, 1973","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 93 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to western Honduras and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-840F6CB8",null,null,"Coyoles, Yoro, Honduras.","A review of the Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/147/mode/1up","Cochlearius cochlearius ridgwayi"],["5262","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis","Griscom, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.235 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C1A06AC",null,null,"Corozal, Canal Zone.","The ornithological results of the Mason-Spinden Expedition to Yucatan. Part 1, Introduction; birds of the mainland of eastern Yucatan.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4119/","Cochlearius zeledoni panamensis"],["5263","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Cochlearius cochlearius cochlearius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to the Guianas, Amazon basin and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A035476D",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/237/mode/1up","Cancroma Cochlearia"],["5264","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Agamia","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xvi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Agamia picta [Reichenbach, 1853]; type by original designation and virtual tautonymy = Ardea agami J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/84/mode/1up","Agamia"],["5265","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Agamia agami","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.629","Agami Heron","Agami Heron","Agami Heron",null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697200","agaher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/agaher1","avibase-86095930",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/130/mode/1up","Ardea Agami"],["5266","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Zebrilus","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.723",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ardea undulata [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26391#page/733/mode/1up","Zebrilus"],["5267","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Zebrilus undulatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.637","Zigzag Heron","Zigzag Heron","Zigzag Heron",null,null,"locally in ponds and streams of the Amazon basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697291","zigher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zigher1","avibase-5917AF01",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/138/mode/1up","Ardea undulata"],["5268","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus","Stephens, 1819","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 11, pt2 p.592",null,null,null,"2025-1205","<em>Ixobrychus </em>is merged into <em>Botaurus </em>pending further research to confirm generic and subgeneric limits in this complex. Genetic evidence from genomic (Hruska et al. 2023) and mitochondrial DNA data (Päckert et al. 2014) indicate that <em>Ixobrychus </em>is not a monophyletic group; both <em>exilis</em> and <em>involucris </em>are aligned with <em>Botaurus </em>despite plumage, size, and vocalizations suggesting they form a clade with <em>B</em>. [<em>I</em>]. <em>minutus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ardea stellaris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 66).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113478#page/420/mode/1up","Botaurus"],["5269","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus involucris","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1127","Stripe-backed Bittern","Stripe-backed Bittern","Stripe-backed Bittern",null,null,"Colombia to the Guianas, southern Venezuela, central Argentina, and central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697294","stbbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbbit1","avibase-097783CD",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/235/mode/1up","Ardea involucris"],["5270","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus exilis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.645","Least Bittern","Least Bittern","Least Bittern",null,null,"southern Canada to the West Indies, west-central Peru, the Guianas, southeastern Brazil, and Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697314","leabit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leabit","avibase-0B361ED8",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/146/mode/1up","Ardea exilis"],["5271","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus exilis exilis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.645",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada to Central America and West Indies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEE0955B",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/146/mode/1up","Ardea exilis"],["5272","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus exilis pullus","(Van Rossem, 1930)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B876696D",null,null,"Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico.","A new Least Bittern from Sonora.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/305/mode/1up","Ixobrychus exilis pullus"],["5273","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus exilis erythromelas","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to the Guianas, southeastern Brazil, and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0944374",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/440/mode/1up","Ardea erythromelas"],["5274","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus exilis limoncochae","(Norton, 1965)","Breviora no.230 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador; records from northeastern Peru (Loreto) presumably also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8F12211",null,null,"Limoncocha, 300 meters, Río Napo, eastern Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25428#page/601/mode/1up","Ixobrychus exilis limoncochae"],["5275","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus exilis bogotensis","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (declining due to habitat destruction)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80D6408B",null,null,"Suba Marshes, Bogotá, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Ixobrychus exilis bogotensis"],["5276","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus exilis peruvianus","(Bond, 1955)","The Auk 72, no.2 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0E77FC2",null,null,"Vegueta, Lima, Peru.","A new race of Least Bittern from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol72/iss2/20/","Ixobrychus exilis peruvianus"],["5277","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus poiciloptilus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.185,  sp.28,note","Australasian Bittern","Australasian Bittern","Australasian Bittern",null,null,"far southwestern Western Australia, southeastern Queensland to southeastern South Australia (including Tasmania), Grande Terre and Ouvea (New Caledonia; rare); and North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697353","ausbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausbit1","avibase-F18D7DF7",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/227/mode/1up","Ardea poiciloptila"],["5278","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus stellaris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144","Eurasian Bittern","Eurasian Bittern","Eurasian Bittern",null,null,"breeds from England, Sweden, and Spain through Europe, northern and southern Africa, Middle East, and central Asia eastward to Russian Far East, northeastern China, and central Japan (local, Honshu); winters in central and southern Europe, Mediterranean Basin and sub-Saharan Africa eastward to southern and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697346","grebit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grebit1","avibase-0F42F11A",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 58.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea stellaris"],["5279","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus stellaris stellaris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from England, Sweden, and Spain through Europe, northern Africa, Middle East, and central Asia eastward to Russian Far East, northeastern China, and central Japan (local, Honshu); winters in central and southern Europe, Mediterranean Basin and sub-Saharan Africa eastward to southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97E931B2",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 58.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea stellaris"],["5280","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus stellaris capensis","(Schlegel, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.3 no.16 Ardeae p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19713F47",null,null,"Tatakon, South Africa, restricted to Wynberg, Cape Province, by Clancey, 1964, Birds Natal Zululand, p. 41.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51482#page/276/mode/1up","Ardea stellaris capensis"],["5281","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus lentiginosus","(Rackett, 1813)","Catalogues of the birds, shells, and some of the more rare plants of Dorsetshire. From the new and enlarged edition of Mr. Hutchins's history of that country, with additions and a brief memoir of the author. 2nd ed. ed.2 p.14","American Bittern","American Bittern","American Bittern",null,null,"breeds Alaska to Mexico; winters to Panama and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697340","amebit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amebit","avibase-13E9F9B4",null,null,"Piddletown, Dorsetshire, England.",null,null,"Ardea lentiginosa"],["5282","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus pinnatus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.662","Pinnated Bittern","Pinnated Bittern","Pinnated Bittern",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Mexico to Ecuador, the Guianas, northern Argentina, and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697343","pinbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinbit1","avibase-A3E4F16C",null,null,"State of Bahia, Brazil.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/339/mode/1up","Ardea pinnata"],["5283","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus pinnatus caribaeus","Dickerman, 1961","Wilson Bulletin 73, no.4 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C38CC9E",null,null,"Cantemo, Tabasco, Mexico.","A new subspecies of the Pinnated Bittern.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol73/iss4/1/","Botaurus pinnatus caribaeus"],["5284","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus pinnatus pinnatus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.662",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nicaragua to Ecuador, the Guianas, northern Argentina, and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8FE1C5E",null,null,"State of Bahia, Brazil.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/339/mode/1up","Ardea pinnata"],["5285","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus flavicollis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.701","Black Bittern","Black Bittern","Black Bittern",null,null,"lowland and foothill forested streams and wetlands, swamps, and mangroves, from Pakistan and India eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, southward to southeastern Asia and Philippines, and from Sulawesi and Lesser Sundas eastward through New Guinea to Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes, and southward to Australia; northern populations winter to Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697334","blabit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabit1","avibase-003BE0C5",null,null,"India. Dupetor flavicollis major Yamashina, 1931, Dobutsu. Zasshi, 51, p. 182- Taiwan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/241/mode/1up","Ardea flavicollis"],["5286","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus flavicollis flavicollis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.701",null,null,null,null,null,"India and southeastern Asia to Indonesia and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06637E95",null,null,"India. Dupetor flavicollis major Yamashina, 1931, Dobutsu. Zasshi, 51, p. 182- Taiwan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/241/mode/1up","Ardea flavicollis"],["5287","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus flavicollis australis","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.8 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia (southwestern and north-central Western Australia in Pilbara region, northern and eastern Australia southward to eastern Victoria), and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB25F2A1",null,null,"'du Voyage de Peron'; Timor designated by Peters, 1931, Check-list Birds World, 1, p. 123.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/610/mode/1up","Ardea australis"],["5288","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus flavicollis woodfordi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D63AE869",null,null,"Aloa, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.","Second List of the Birds collected by Mr. C. M. Woodford in the Solomon Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/250/mode/1up","Ardeiralla woodfordi"],["5289","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus cinnamomeus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.643","Cinnamon Bittern","Cinnamon Bittern","Cinnamon Bittern",null,null,"India to southeastern Asia east to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Philippines, and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697323","cinbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinbit1","avibase-CBDC8AA3",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/144/mode/1up","Ardea cinnamomea"],["5290","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus eurhythmus","(Swinhoe, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.9 p.74 pl.2","Von Schrenck's Bittern","Schrenck's Bittern","Schrenck's Bittern",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia, eastern China, Korean Peninsula, and (now rare) northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu); winters mainly from Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, and Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697317","schbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schbit1","avibase-E04AFC71",null,null,"Amoy, Shanghai.","On a new Species of Little Bittern from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/96/mode/1up","Ardetta eurhythma"],["5291","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus sturmii","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.191,  sp.37","Dwarf Bittern","Dwarf Bittern","Dwarf Bittern",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697327","dwabit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwabit1","avibase-87EEBD3E",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/233/mode/1up","Ardea Sturmii"],["5292","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus minutus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.240","Little Bittern","Little Bittern","Common Little Bittern",null,null,"central and southern Europe to Siberia, and Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735766","litbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litbit1","avibase-7AAD57AC",null,null,"Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/244/mode/1up","Ardea minuta"],["5293","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus minutus minutus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Europe to Siberia; North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86E6EEB4",null,null,"Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/244/mode/1up","Ardea minuta"],["5294","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus minutus payesii","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.31 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E593807A",null,null,"Casamanse River, Senegal [=Casamance River, Senegal]","Ueber drei neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/522/mode/1up","Ardea Payesii"],["5295","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus minutus podiceps","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0FF9831",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/692/mode/1up","Ardeola (Ardea) podiceps"],["5296","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus sinensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.642","Yellow Bittern","Yellow Bittern","Yellow Bittern",null,null,"breeds Oman, Seychelles, Indian Subcontinent, southeastern Russia, and Japan (Honshu to Kyushu, and Daito Islands) through central and eastern China and Taiwan to southeastern Asia, Greater and Lesser Sundas, Philippines, New Guinea (possibly), northern Solomon Archipelago (Bougainville), and western Micronesia; northern populations migrate to south of range, to southern India, Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), Philippines, and Indonesia, some reaching Wallacea and New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697303","yelbit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelbit","avibase-1BFBF5D5",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/143/mode/1up","Ardea Sinensis"],["5297","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus novaezelandiae","(Purdie, 1871)","Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 3 p.99","New Zealand Bittern","New Zealand Bittern","New Zealand Little Bittern",null,null,"formerly South Island (New Zealand); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697307","nezbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezbit1","avibase-051759B5",null,null,"Westland, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107521#page/123/mode/1up","Ardeola Novoe Zelandioe"],["5298","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Botaurus dubius","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.234","Black-backed Bittern","Black-backed Bittern","Australian Little Bittern",null,null,"southwestern, northern, and eastern Australia (except Tasmania); winters to New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735703","bkbbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbbit1","avibase-32C3CEF7",null,null,"Herdman's Lake, southwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/258/mode/1up","Ixobrychus minutus dubius"],["5299","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Gorsachius","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.138",null,null,null,"2025-0899","<em>Gorsachius </em>is treated as 3 genera based on the genomic and mitochondrial DNA data of Hruska et al. (2023): monospecific <em>Calherodius </em>(<em>C. leuconotus</em>) and monospecific <em>Oroanassa </em>(<em>O. magnifica</em>), with taxa <em>goisagi </em>and <em>melanolophus </em>retained in <em>Gorsachius</em>. Although Hruska et al. (2023) proposed combining <em>leuconotus </em>and <em>magnificus </em>in <em>Calherodius</em>, these taxa are deeply diverged and occur on different continents, prompting treatment as separate genera.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nycticorax goisagi [Temminck, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/696/mode/1up","Gorsachius"],["5300","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Gorsachius melanolophus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.326","Malayan Night Heron","Malayan Night Heron","Malay Night Heron",null,null,"breeds wooded wetlands of Western Ghats (southwestern India), eastern Nepal and northeastern India eastward through southeastern China and Taiwan to Philippines (scarce and local), also Peleng (Banggai Islands); partial migrant, reaching Sri Lanka and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697242","manher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manher1","avibase-DC10105A",null,null,"western Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/358/mode/1up","Ardea melanolopha"],["5301","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Gorsachius goisagi","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.5 pl.582,text","Japanese Night Heron","Japanese Night Heron","Japanese Night Heron",null,null,"breeds Jeju (off southern Korean Peninsula), Honshu to Kyushu (central to southern Japan), and Taiwan (rare); non-breeders range Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) to Philippines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697237","janher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/janher1","avibase-6667DD1A",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/429/mode/1up","Nycticorax goisagi"],["5302","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Calherodius","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.139.",null,null,null,"2025-0899","<em>Gorsachius </em>is treated as 3 genera based on the genomic and mitochondrial DNA data of Hruska et al. (2023): monospecific <em>Calherodius </em>(<em>C. leuconotus</em>) and monospecific <em>Oroanassa </em>(<em>O. magnifica</em>), with taxa <em>goisagi </em>and <em>melanolophus </em>retained in <em>Gorsachius</em>. Although Hruska et al. (2023) proposed combining <em>leuconotus </em>and <em>magnificus </em>in <em>Calherodius</em>, these taxa are deeply diverged and occur on different continents, prompting treatment as separate genera.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ardea cucullata [Lichtenstein]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/697/mode/1up","Calherodius"],["5303","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Calherodius leuconotus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.189,  sp.33","White-backed Night Heron","White-backed Night Heron","White-backed Night Heron",null,null,"forested wetlands from Senegal eastward locally to central Ethiopia, and southward to northern Namibia and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697226","wbnher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbnher1","avibase-3C12AA44",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/231/mode/1up","Ardea Leuconotus"],["5304","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Oroanassa","Peters, 1930","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 39, no.7 p.276.",null,null,null,"2025-0899","<em>Gorsachius </em>is treated as 3 genera based on the genomic and mitochondrial DNA data of Hruska et al. (2023): monospecific <em>Calherodius </em>(<em>C. leuconotus</em>) and monospecific <em>Oroanassa </em>(<em>O. magnifica</em>), with taxa <em>goisagi </em>and <em>melanolophus </em>retained in <em>Gorsachius</em>. Although Hruska et al. (2023) proposed combining <em>leuconotus </em>and <em>magnificus </em>in <em>Calherodius</em>, these taxa are deeply diverged and occur on different continents, prompting treatment as separate genera.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nycticorax magnificus [Ogilvie-Grant]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Oroanassa"],["5305","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Oroanassa magnifica","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5 p.586","White-eared Night Heron","White-eared Night Heron","White-eared Night Heron",null,null,"southeastern China (from southeastern Sichuan southward to central Yunnan, eastward to southern Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Hainan) and northern Vietnam",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697232","wenher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wenher1","avibase-DED23735",null,null,"Five-finger Mountain, Hainan.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds from the Interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/646/mode/1up","Nycticorax magnifica"],["5306","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Pilherodius","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Die Vögel. p.xvi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ardea pileata [Boddaert, 1783]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103886#page/84/mode/1up","Pilherodius"],["5307","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Pilherodius pileatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54","Capped Heron","Capped Heron","Capped Heron",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama to the Guianas, Brazil, and northern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696987","capher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capher1","avibase-9A0A9C74",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Ardea pileata"],["5308","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Syrigma","Ridgway, 1878","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (4) 1 p.224,247",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea sibilatrix [Temminck, 1824]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Syrigma"],["5309","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Syrigma sibilatrix","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.5 pl.271","Whistling Heron","Whistling Heron","Whistling Heron",null,null,"wet grassland and wetlands of eastern Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia, southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696913","whiher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiher1","avibase-D3CAA0B6",null,null,"Brazil and Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/421/mode/1up","Ardea sibilatrix"],["5310","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Syrigma sibilatrix fostersmithi","Friedmann, 1949","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 111, no.9 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-178C9313",null,null,"Caicara, Monagas, Venezuela.","A new heron and a new owl from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79632#page/195/mode/1up","Syrigma sibilatrix fostersmithi"],["5311","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Syrigma sibilatrix sibilatrix","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.5 pl.271",null,null,null,null,null,"wet grassland of Bolivia to southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1505FEC1",null,null,"Brazil and Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110039#page/421/mode/1up","Ardea sibilatrix"],["5312","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta","Forster, 1817","A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.59",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea garzetta [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47775#page/71/mode/1up","Egretta"],["5313","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta picata","(Gould, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.147 p.62","Pied Heron","Pied Heron","Pied Heron",null,null,"Sulawesi, southern New Guinea, and northern Australia (northeastern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to northeastern Queensland; scarce inland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697037","pieher2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pieher2","avibase-2D0ED462",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of four new species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/276/mode/1up","Ardea (Herodias) picata"],["5314","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta caerulea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.143","Little Blue Heron","Little Blue Heron","Little Blue Heron",null,null,"USA to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696944","libher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/libher","avibase-11512CF4",null,null,"North America = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/162/mode/1up","Ardea caerulea"],["5315","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta tricolor","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.111","Tricolored Heron","Tricolored Heron","Tricolored Heron",null,null,"subtropical southern USA and West Indies through South America including Trinidad, to northeastern Brazil and southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696931","triher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/triher","avibase-031409C7",null,null,"America = Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/131/mode/1up","Ardea tricolor"],["5316","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta tricolor ruficollis","Gosse, 1847","The birds of Jamaica p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southern USA to Colombia, northwestern Venezuela, and West Indies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A7AE70F",null,null,"Burnt Savanna River, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/356/mode/1up","Egretta ruficollis"],["5317","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta tricolor tricolor","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas to northeastern Brazil and southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6E8AF80",null,null,"America = Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/131/mode/1up","Ardea tricolor"],["5318","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta rufescens","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.628","Reddish Egret","Reddish Egret","Reddish Egret",null,null,"breeds southern USA to southern Mexico and Belize, and West Indies; winters to northwestern South America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696916","redegr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redegr","avibase-D8A24A3E",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/129/mode/1up","Ardea rufescens"],["5319","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta rufescens rufescens","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.628",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern USA to southern Mexico and Belize, and West Indies; winters to northwestern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB48EFE5",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/129/mode/1up","Ardea rufescens"],["5320","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta rufescens dickeyi","(Van Rossem, 1926)","The Condor 28, no.5 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California; winters to Guatemala and El Salvador, and wanderers to southern California assumed to be this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A34D1C39",null,null,"San Luis Island, Gulf of California.","The Lower California Reddish Egret.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol28/iss5/21/","Dichromanassa rufescens dickeyi"],["5321","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta novaehollandiae","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.701","White-faced Heron","White-faced Heron","White-faced Heron",null,null,"Lesser Sundas, southern New Guinea, Australia (except western deserts), Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia), eastward to Solomon Archipelago, Fiji, and Tonga; self-introduced to New Zealand in 1940s, where now widespread in North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696938","whfher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfher1","avibase-21044CEC",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/241/mode/1up","Ardea novoe Hollandioe"],["5322","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta ardesiaca","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.181,  sp.20","Black Heron","Black Heron","Black Heron",null,null,"locally in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696926","blaher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaher1","avibase-74853F89",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/223/mode/1up","Ardea ardesiaca"],["5323","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta vinaceigula","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.11 [11,13]","Slaty Egret","Slaty Egret","Slaty Egret",null,null,"swamps and reedbeds of south-central Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696922","slaegr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slaegr1","avibase-510E9BFA",null,null,"Potchefstroom, Transvaal.","New genera and species of Herons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/305/mode/1up","Melanophoyx vinaceigula"],["5324","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta eulophotes","(Swinhoe, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.64","Chinese Egret","Chinese Egret","Chinese Egret",null,null,"breeds coastal Russian Far East, North and South Korea, northeastern and eastern (formerly also southeastern) China coast; non-breeders range southward from southern Japan to Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia, and Philippines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696977","chiegr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiegr","avibase-A8E3A3DA",null,null,"Amoy, China.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/92/mode/1up","Herodias eulophotes"],["5325","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta sacra","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.640","Pacific Reef Heron","Pacific Reef-Heron","Pacific Reef-egret",null,null,"coastal southern Bangladesh and Andaman Islands to Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), Australasia (except southern outlying islands), and Melanesia to Tuamotu Archipelago (eastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696980","pacreh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacreh1","avibase-C79F1BF8",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/141/mode/1up","Ardea sacra"],["5326","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta sacra sacra","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.640",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Asia from coastal Myanmar and the Andaman Islands eastward to south-central Japan, Australia (excluding Coorong to Lakes Entrance and Tasmania), New Zealand, and the tropical Pacific eastward to Gambier Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC1DE1C4",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/141/mode/1up","Ardea sacra"],["5327","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta sacra albolineata","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBA82C9C",null,null,"Isle of Pines, off coast of New Caledonia.","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/228/mode/1up","Ardea (Herodias) albolineata"],["5328","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta thula","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.235","Snowy Egret","Snowy Egret","Snowy Egret",null,null,"locally from USA to northwestern Mexico in west and central Argentina and West Indies in east",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696974","snoegr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snoegr","avibase-AA7901D8",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=236&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Ardea Thula"],["5329","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta thula brewsteri","Thayer & Bangs, 1909","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"western USA to Baja California and coastal northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F56EB0B",null,null,"San Jose Island, Baja California.","Description of a new subspecies of the Snowy Heron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/54/mode/1up","Egretta candidissima brewsteri"],["5330","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta thula thula","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from USA to central Argentina and West Indies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B15FE85F",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=236&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Ardea Thula"],["5331","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta gularis","(Bosc, 1792)","Actes de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1, pt.1 p.4 pl.2","Western Reef Heron","Western Reef-Heron",null,"2025-0905","Taxon <em>dimorpha </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Egretta garzetta</em> (polytypic, including Australasian <em>immaculata</em>) based on available evidence. Sometimes split as a separate species, or treated as a subspecies of <em>gularis</em>, based largely on the presence of a dark morph, the bare parts color and bill form suggest that <em>dimorpha </em>is better treated as a subspecies of <em>E. garzetta</em>. Furthermore, the name <em>nigripes</em> is considered invalid (<em>nigripes</em>=<em>immaculata</em>) as some syntypes appear to be of hybrid origin, and phenotypic intermediacy suggests widespread intergradation between <em>garzetta </em>and <em>immaculata </em>in the Sundaic region.","coastal western Africa to Gulf of Guinea islands and Gabon, and coastal eastern Africa to Red Sea, Persian Gulf and southeastern India",null,null,null,"werher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/werher","avibase-DF32B1F9",null,null,"Senegal River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163187#page/38/mode/1up","Ardea gularis"],["5332","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta gularis gularis","(Bosc, 1792)","Actes de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1, pt.1 p.4 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Africa to Gulf of Guinea islands and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70F43997",null,null,"Senegal River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163187#page/38/mode/1up","Ardea gularis"],["5333","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta gularis schistacea","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.i p.21,pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Africa to Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and southeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D833566",null,null,"Red Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/31/mode/1up","Ardea, Lepterodas, schistacea"],["5334","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta garzetta","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.237","Little Egret","Little Egret",null,"2025-0905","Taxon <em>dimorpha </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Egretta garzetta</em> (polytypic, including Australasian <em>immaculata</em>) based on available evidence. Sometimes split as a separate species, or treated as a subspecies of <em>gularis</em>, based largely on the presence of a dark morph, the bare parts color and bill form suggest that <em>dimorpha </em>is better treated as a subspecies of <em>E. garzetta</em>. Furthermore, the name <em>nigripes</em> is considered invalid (<em>nigripes</em>=<em>immaculata</em>) as some syntypes appear to be of hybrid origin, and phenotypic intermediacy suggests widespread intergradation between <em>garzetta </em>and <em>immaculata </em>in the Sundaic region.","wetlands of Eurasia, Africa, and Australasia from southern British Isles east through Caspian region, sub-Himalayan region, and eastward to Japan (Honshu to Kyushu); in south throughout Africa (including Cabo Verde) and Malagasy region, and east through New Guinea and Australia; recently established in Antigua and Barbados (northern and southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"litegr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litegr","avibase-F2858F9F",null,null,"'Oriente,' ex Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/241/mode/1up","Ardea Garzetta"],["5335","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta garzetta garzetta","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe to Japan (Honshu to Kyushu) southward to Africa, southern Asia, and Mindanao (southern Philippines); winters to southern Japan (Ryukyu, Izu, and Ogasawara islands), Philippines, and western Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4713982B",null,null,"'Oriente,' ex Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/241/mode/1up","Ardea Garzetta"],["5336","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta garzetta dimorpha","Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"East African coast and locally inland; Europa Island (southern Mozambique Channel), Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles), and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C15B36B",null,null,"West Madagascar = southeast coast of Madagascar.","Description of two new Herons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/44/mode/1up","Egretta dimorpha"],["5337","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Egretta garzetta immaculata","(Gould, 1846)","The birds of Australia 6 (pt.25) pl.58, with text",null,null,null,"2025-0905","Taxon <em>dimorpha </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Egretta garzetta</em> (polytypic, including Australasian <em>immaculata</em>) based on available evidence. Sometimes split as a separate species, or treated as a subspecies of <em>gularis</em>, based largely on the presence of a dark morph, the bare parts color and bill form suggest that <em>dimorpha </em>is better treated as a subspecies of <em>E. garzetta</em>. Furthermore, the name <em>nigripes</em> is considered invalid (<em>nigripes</em>=<em>immaculata</em>) as some syntypes appear to be of hybrid origin, and phenotypic intermediacy suggests widespread intergradation between <em>garzetta </em>and <em>immaculata </em>in the Sundaic region.","Greater Sundas eastward to Australia (except western deserts) and North and South islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CBA55B1",null,null,"Northern portion of Australia' = Port Essington, Northern Territory, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 231.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188477#page/241/mode/1up","Herodias immaculata"],["5338","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea violacea [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/309/mode/1up","Nyctanassa"],["5339","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa carcinocatactes","Olson & Wingate, 2006","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 119, no.2 p.329 [326-337].","Bermuda Night Heron","Bermuda Night Heron","Bermuda Night Heron",null,null,"formerly Bermuda; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62286255","bernih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bernih1","avibase-CEFC0BD6",null,null,"Bermuda, Hamilton Parish, Devil's Sinkhole, 32 20' 20.9\"N 64 42'24.5\"W; Quaternary and most likely Holocene","A new species of night-heron (Ardeidae: Nyctanassa) from Quaternary deposits on Bermuda.","https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/1735/Nyctanassa.pdf#page=5","Nyctanassa carcinocatactes"],["5340","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa violacea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.143","Yellow-crowned Night Heron","Yellow-crowned Night Heron","Yellow-crowned Night Heron",null,null,"central and eastern USA to eastern Brazil; Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697203","ycnher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ycnher","avibase-C6772490",null,null,"North America = Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/162/mode/1up","Ardea violacea"],["5341","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa violacea violacea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern USA to eastern Mexico and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B3F791C",null,null,"North America = Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/162/mode/1up","Ardea violacea"],["5342","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti","Huey, 1927","The Condor 29, no.3 p.167,fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (including Socorro and Tres Marias Islands) to western Nicaragua and throughout the West Indies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9297930A",null,null,"Scammon Lagoon, Lower California.","A Pacific coast race of the Yellow-crowned Night-Heron.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol29/iss3/28/","Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti"],["5343","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa violacea caliginis","Wetmore, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama to Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42C83598",null,null,"San Jose Island, Pearl Islands, Panama.","New forms of birds from Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/275/mode/1up","Nyctanassa violacea caliginis"],["5344","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa violacea cayennensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.626",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C8BE134",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/127/mode/1up","Ardea cayennensis"],["5345","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nyctanassa violacea pauper","(Sclater & Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8A56EBB",null,null,"Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) Island, Galapagos Archipelago.","Characters of new Species of Birds collected by Dr. Habel in the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/401/mode/1up","Nycticorax pauper"],["5346","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax","Forster, 1817","A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.59",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nycticorax infaustus [T. Forster, 1817]; type by tautonymy = Ardea nycticorax Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47775#page/71/mode/1up","Nycticorax"],["5347","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax caledonicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.626","Nankeen Night Heron","Nankeen Night Heron","Nankeen Night Heron",null,null,"widespread from Philippines and Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (southeastern Japan), Indonesian Archipelago through New Guinea, Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, New Caledonia, and Caroline Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697219","runher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runher1","avibase-FDD00863",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/127/mode/1up","Ardea caledonica"],["5348","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris","Vigors, 1839","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands; extinct since the late 1800s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AEECBD1",null,null,"Bonin Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/73/mode/1up","Nycticorax crassirostris"],["5349","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax caledonicus manillensis","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines, eastern Borneo, and Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-515E0CC5",null,null,"Manila, Philippine Islands [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/112/mode/1up","Nycticorax Manillensis"],["5350","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax caledonicus australasiae","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1130",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Lesser Sundas, New Guinea, and Australia (including Tasmania but not western deserts)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1993602B",null,null,"Nouvelle-Hollande [=Australia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/238/mode/1up","Ardea australasie"],["5351","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax caledonicus pelewensis","Mathews, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau and other Caroline islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC1A8AA0",null,null,"Pelew Islands.","Description of a new genus and two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/96/mode/1up","Nycticorax caledonicus pelewensis"],["5352","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax caledonicus caledonicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.626",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD9A148C",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/127/mode/1up","Ardea caledonica"],["5353","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax caledonicus mandibularis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46EBC109",null,null,"Aola, Guadalcanar Island, Solomon Islands.","Second List of the Birds collected by Mr. C. M. Woodford in the Solomon Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/251/mode/1up","Nycticorax mandibularis"],["5354","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax olsoni","Bourne, Ashmole & Simmons, 2003","Ardea 91 p.45-51","Ascension Night Heron","Ascension Night Heron",null,null,null,"formerly Ascension Island; known from subfossil bones","(extinct)",null,null,"asnher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asnher1","avibase-015572BE",null,null,"lava floor just beyond the main chamber of Chapel Grotto, Ascension, South Atlantic, on 3 April 1990, by N.P. Ashmole","A new subfossil night heron and a new genus for the extinct rail Ascension Island, central tropical Atlantic Ocean","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=208","Nycticorax olsoni"],["5355","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax nycticorax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142","Black-crowned Night Heron","Black-crowned Night Heron","Black-crowned Night Heron",null,null,"Eurasia from central Europe eastward to eastern China and Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), southward to Indonesia, and Africa and Madagascar; southern Canada to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697211","bcnher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcnher","avibase-6BB94D7E",null,null,"southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea Nycticorax"],["5356","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Eurasia from central Europe eastward to eastern China and Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), southward to Indonesia, Africa and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67930127",null,null,"southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/161/mode/1up","Ardea Nycticorax"],["5357","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.630",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada to northern Argentina and Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DBFE0FE",null,null,"Valley of Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/131/mode/1up","Ardea Hoactli"],["5358","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax nycticorax obscurus","Bonaparte, 1855","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile and north-central Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29AEAB46",null,null,"Chile and Patagonia. Type from Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/699/mode/1up","Nycticorax obscurus"],["5359","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax nycticorax falklandicus","Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-871EF00D",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Description of two new Herons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/45/mode/1up","Nycticorax cyanocephalus falklandicus"],["5360","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax duboisi","(Rothschild, 1907)","Extinct birds. An attempt to unite in one volume a short account of those birds which have become extinct in historical times - that is, within the last six or seven hundred years. To which are added a few which still exist, but are on the verge of extinction p.114","Reunion Night Heron","Reunion Night Heron","Reunion Night Heron",null,null,"formerly Réunion; extinct, last reported in 1674","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728781","reunih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reunih1","avibase-22DE8CD0",null,null,"Reunion or Bourbon","Extinct Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148380#page/150/mode/1up","Ardea duboisi"],["5361","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax megacephalus","(Milne-Edwards, 1874)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.2-3 p.10, 1-31, pl.14","Rodrigues Night Heron","Rodrigues Night Heron","Rodrigues Night Heron",null,null,"formerly Rodrigues; extinct, apparently by 1761","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728787","rodnih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodnih1","avibase-9BF54783",null,null,"Rodriguez Island","sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/417/mode/1up","Ardea megacephala"],["5362","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Nycticorax mauritianus","(Newton & Gadow, 1893)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 13, pt.7 p.289","Mauritius Night Heron","Mauritius Night Heron","Mauritius Night Heron",null,null,"formerly Mauritius; extinct, last reported in 1693","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728777","maunih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maunih1","avibase-36F142BD",null,null,"Mare aux Songes swamp, Mauritius","On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Théodore Sauzier","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101603#page/365/mode/1up","Butorides mauritianus"],["5363","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides","Blyth, 1852","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.281",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea javanica [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48206#page/321/mode/1up","Butorides"],["5364","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla","(Afzelius, 1804)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 25 p.264","Little Heron","Little Heron",null,"2025-1171","Four species are recognized in the <em>Butorides striata</em> complex based on the genomic DNA evidence of Mendales (2023): monotypic<em> B. sundevalli</em> from Galapagos; polytypic<em> B. virescens</em> from North America; monotypic <em>B. striata</em> from South America; and a polytypic Old World <em>B. atricapilla</em> group. While further splits in the<em> B. atricapilla </em>group may be warranted, genetic sampling was too geographically limited to properly assess these; further research needed.","sub-Saharan Africa including islands in Gulf of Guinea and Malagasy region, coasts of Middle East, islands in western Indian Ocean, Indian subcontinent eastward through Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), eastern China, Philippines, the Greater Sundas, New Guinea, Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, New Caledonia, Fiji, and widely disjunctly in Tahiti (Windward Society Islands); northeastern Asian populations winter to southward",null,null,null,"strher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strher1","avibase-7085B8A0",null,null,"near Freetown, Sierra Leone",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180079#page/280/mode/1up","Ardea atricapilla"],["5365","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla atricapilla","(Afzelius, 1804)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 25 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Africa south of the Sahara, islands in Gulf of Guinea, Nile Valley, and Mediterranean coast of Israel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-191BC1C6",null,null,"near Freetown, Sierra Leone",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180079#page/280/mode/1up","Ardea atricapilla"],["5366","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla brevipes","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.m p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea, Arabian Peninsula, and Persian Gulf coasts",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FAADD92",null,null,"ad Ripas Nili et ad maris rubri littus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/37/mode/1up","Ardea (Nycticorax) brevipes"],["5367","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla rutenbergi","(Hartlaub, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-027FDCC8",null,null,"Mohambo, northern Madagascar.","On a new Species of Heron from Mohambo, in Northern Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/73/mode/1up","Ardea rutenbergi"],["5368","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla rhizophorae","Salomonsen, 1934","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1934, pt.2 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoro Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57F0F482",null,null,"Mayotte, Comoro Islands.","Notes on some Lemurian Birds.","https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1934.tb07749.x","Butorides striatus rhizophorae"],["5369","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla crawfordi","Nicoll, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra and Amirante islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53B68BA1",null,null,"Assumption Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/131/mode/1up","Butorides crawfordi"],["5370","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla degens","Hartert, 1920","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.1521",null,null,null,null,null,"Seychelles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6BB8D0F",null,null,"Praslin Island, Seychelles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/469/mode/1up","Butorides striatus degens"],["5371","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla albolimbata","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Chagos Archipelago and Maldives",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A18535A8",null,null,"Diego Garcia.","Zwei neue Arten von den Tschakosinseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/158/mode/1up","Butorides albolimbatus"],["5372","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla spodiogaster","Sharpe, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands and islands off western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-373ED4EB",null,null,"Andamans and Nicobars.","Remarks upon the geographical distribution of the Herons of the genus Butorides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/115/mode/1up","Butorides spodiogaster"],["5373","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla amurensis","(Schrenck, 1860)","Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande 1 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China and Japan (Honshu to Kyushu); winters Ryukyu and Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E94434FF",null,null,"Amurland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104491#page/483/mode/1up","Ardea (Butorides) virescens var amurensis"],["5374","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla actophila","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China to northern Vietnam and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75BDDC60",null,null,"North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/119/mode/1up","Butorides javanicus actophilus"],["5375","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla javanica","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka to Thailand, Philippines, the Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-009563C8",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/209/mode/1up","Ardea Javanica"],["5376","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla steini","Mayr, 1943","The Emu 43 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67E466D1",null,null,"Dilly = Dili, Timor.","Notes on Australian birds (ii).",null,"Butorides striatus steini"],["5377","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla moluccarum","Hartert, 1920","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.1521",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7C5C689",null,null,"Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/469/mode/1up","Butorides striatus moluccarum"],["5378","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla papuensis","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1056 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5DB4C4E",null,null,"Numfoor Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 41, Notes on New Guinea birds. 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4815/","Butorides striatus papuensis"],["5379","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla idenburgi","Rand, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AFCABD4",null,null,"Idenburg River, Dutch New Guinea.","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Butorides striatus idenburgi"],["5380","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla flyensis","Salomonsen, 1966","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 129 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Southern Lowlands and Trans-Fly regions)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65EAFE86",null,null,"Lake Daviumbu, Upper Fly River, British Papua, New Guinea.","Notes on the green heron (Butorides striatus (Linnaeus)) in Melanesia and Papua.",null,"Butorides striatus flyensis"],["5381","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla macrorhyncha","(Gould, 1848)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.182 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern and eastern Australia (eastern Gulf of Carpentaria to eastern Victoria) and New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7116AFD2",null,null,"east coast of Australia = Gosford, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 233.","On seven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/61/mode/1up","Ardetta macrorhyncha"],["5382","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla stagnatilis","(Gould, 1848)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.179 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Australia (Shark Bay to western Gulf of Carpentaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6C0FF9F",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Descriptions of some new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/723/mode/1up","Ardetta stagnatilis"],["5383","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla patruelis","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"coast, rivers, and lagoons, usually in forested areas, of Tahiti (Windward Society Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B54406F2",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/236/mode/1up","Ardea patruelis"],["5384","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides atricapilla solomonensis","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1056 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago) to western Fiji",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-587521BF",null,null,"Vangunu Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 41, Notes on New Guinea birds. 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4815/","Butorides striatus solomonensis"],["5385","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides striata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144","Striated Heron","Striated Heron",null,"2025-1171","Four species are recognized in the <em>Butorides striata</em> complex based on the genomic DNA evidence of Mendales (2023): monotypic<em> B. sundevalli</em> from Galapagos; polytypic<em> B. virescens</em> from North America; monotypic <em>B. striata</em> from South America; and a polytypic Old World <em>B. atricapilla</em> group. While further splits in the<em> B. atricapilla </em>group may be warranted, genetic sampling was too geographically limited to properly assess these; further research needed.","eastern Panama and all South America to northern Argentina and Chile",null,null,null,"strher2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strher2","avibase-67ADD2E3",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea striata"],["5386","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides sundevalli","(Reichenow, 1877)","Journal für Ornithologie 25, no.139 p.253","Lava Heron","Lava Heron",null,"2025-1171","Four species are recognized in the <em>Butorides striata</em> complex based on the genomic DNA evidence of Mendales (2023): monotypic<em> B. sundevalli</em> from Galapagos; polytypic<em> B. virescens</em> from North America; monotypic <em>B. striata</em> from South America; and a polytypic Old World <em>B. atricapilla</em> group. While further splits in the<em> B. atricapilla </em>group may be warranted, genetic sampling was too geographically limited to properly assess these; further research needed.","coasts and mangroves of Galapagos Islands",null,null,null,"strher3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strher3","avibase-7F14FB50",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","Systematische Uebersicht der Schreitvögel (Gressores), einer natürlichen, die Ibidae, Ciconidae, Phoenicopteridae, Scopidae, Balaenicipidae und Ardeidae umfassenden Ordnung. (Fortsetzung und Schluss.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102780#page/265/mode/1up","Ardea Sundevalli"],["5387","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides virescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144","Green Heron","Green Heron",null,"2025-1171","Four species are recognized in the <em>Butorides striata</em> complex based on the genomic DNA evidence of Mendales (2023): monotypic<em> B. sundevalli</em> from Galapagos; polytypic<em> B. virescens</em> from North America; monotypic <em>B. striata</em> from South America; and a polytypic Old World <em>B. atricapilla</em> group. While further splits in the<em> B. atricapilla </em>group may be warranted, genetic sampling was too geographically limited to properly assess these; further research needed.","southwestern and southeastern Canada to Panama and the Caribbean",null,null,null,"grnher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnher","avibase-86D45B8F",null,null,"America; restricted to coast of South Carolina by Oberholser, 1912, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, pp. 534, 537.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea virescens"],["5388","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides virescens anthonyi","(Mearns, 1895)","The Auk 12, no.3 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"western USA and northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A82A60F5",null,null,"Seven Wells, Salton River, northern Lower California.","Description of a new Heron (Ardea virescens anthonyi) from the arid region of the interior of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss3/7/","Ardea virescens anthonyi"],["5389","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides virescens frazari","(Brewster, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB08474",null,null,"La Paz, Lower California.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Ardea virescens frazari"],["5390","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides virescens virescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"central USA and eastern Canada to Panama and Caribbean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECF59AAC",null,null,"America; restricted to coast of South Carolina by Oberholser, 1912, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, pp. 534, 537.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea virescens"],["5391","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Butorides virescens bahamensis","(Brewster, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBE7BA11",null,null,"Wattling's Island, Bahamas = San Salvador, Bahamas","Descriptions of Supposed New Birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Ardea bahamensis"],["5392","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Zonerodius","Salvadori, 1882","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.18 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ardea heliosyla [Lesson & Garnot, 1828]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95241#page/344/mode/1up","Zonerodius"],["5393","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Zonerodius heliosylus","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, livr.7, 1 livr.16 p.722, pl.44","Forest Bittern","Forest Bittern","Forest Bittern",null,null,"New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, northwest of New Guinea), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697274","forbit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forbit1","avibase-5F70C7F3",null,null,"New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/103/mode/1up","Ardea Heliosyla"],["5394","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.559",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea ralloides [Scopoli, 1769]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/288/mode/1up","Ardeola"],["5395","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola grayii","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.23 p.158","Indian Pond Heron","Indian Pond-Heron","Indian Pond Heron",null,null,"Persian Gulf to India, Myanmar, and Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697128","inpher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inpher1","avibase-E5E0B92F",null,null,"Dukhun.","Catalogue of Birds (systematically arranged) of the Rasorial, Grallatorial, and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/362/mode/1up","Ardea Grayii"],["5396","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola bacchus","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Conspectus generum avium 2 p.127","Chinese Pond Heron","Chinese Pond-Heron","Chinese Pond Heron",null,null,"breeds northern Myanmar and southwestern China, through Russian Far East and southern China, may breed Assam (northeastern India); winters Andaman Islands eastward to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) southward to Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697133","chpher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chpher1","avibase-56292AA8",null,null,"Malay Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141377#page/685/mode/1up","Buphus bacchus"],["5397","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola speciosa","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.189","Javan Pond Heron","Javan Pond-Heron","Javan Pond Heron",null,null,"central Thailand to southern Indochina and central Indonesian Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697138","japher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japher1","avibase-CC13DEBE",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/208/mode/1up","Ardea speciosa"],["5398","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola speciosa continentalis","Salomonsen, 1933","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 41 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"central Thailand to southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B9A87C4",null,null,"Bangkok.","Eine Brutkolonie von Ardeola ralloides speciosa (Horsf.) auf dem asiatischen Kontinent entdeckt.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_41_0040-0042.pdf#page=2","Ardeola speciosa continentalis"],["5399","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola speciosa speciosa","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Indonesian Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EED28AEC",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/208/mode/1up","Ardea speciosa"],["5400","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola rufiventris","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.110","Rufous-bellied Heron","Rufous-bellied Heron","Rufous-bellied Heron",null,null,"locally in eastern and southeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697150","rubher2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubher2","avibase-AEB2DA9B",null,null,"'Caffraria.' Type from Mooi River, near Potchefstroom, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/120/mode/1up","Ardea rufiventris"],["5401","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola ralloides","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.88","Squacco Heron","Squacco Heron","Squacco Heron",null,null,"locally in southern Palearctic region, and Africa and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697123","squher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/squher1","avibase-CE73EBD7",null,null,"'In Carniolica' = Krain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/92/mode/1up","Ardea ralloides"],["5402","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardeola idae","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.45 p.167","Malagasy Pond Heron","Malagasy Pond-Heron","Malagasy Pond Heron",null,null,"Madagascar and Aldabra; post-breeding dispersal to central Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697143","mapher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mapher1","avibase-EA2C460A",null,null,"east coast of Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Schluss ;. s. S. 81-112.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/179/mode/1up","Ardea Idae"],["5403","genus","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ardea cinerea [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 66).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/160/mode/1up","Ardea"],["5404","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea pacifica","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlv","White-necked Heron","Pacific Heron","White-necked Heron",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and Australia (including Tasmania but not southwestern deserts)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697004","pacher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacher1","avibase-69F7C030",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/51/mode/1up","Ardea pacifica"],["5405","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea alba","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144","Great Egret","Great Egret","Great White Egret",null,null,"inland and coastal wetlands, freshwater, brackish and saline, mangroves, and artificial wetlands from northern Europe south of Scandinavia, including the British Isles southward to the northern coast of Africa and in Africa south of the Sahara southward to South Africa, including Madagascar and the Comoros; from southern Russia southward through most Asia to southern India and Sri Lanka, the Malay Peninsula, most Indonesia to Australia, including Tasmania, and southern Canada southward through most North America, Central America, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and South America, including the Galapagos Islands, to southern Argentina and southern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697043","greegr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greegr","avibase-49D9148A",null,null,"Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea alba"],["5406","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea alba alba","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Europe eastward to central Asia (southward to Iran), Russian Far East, and northeastern China (Heilongjiang); winters south-central Europe to northern and central Africa, and Persian Gulf to southern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu Islands).",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDCCFEC1",null,null,"Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea alba"],["5407","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea alba melanorhynchos","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B95C3DE9",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/421/mode/1up","Ardea Melanorhynchos"],["5408","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea alba egretta","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.629",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada southward to south-central Chile and Argentina, and West Indies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08BBEBEF",null,null,"Santo Domingo, Falkland Islands, South America to Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/130/mode/1up","Ardea Egretta"],["5409","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea alba modesta","Gray, 1831","The zoological miscellany 1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Asia from Pakistan eastward in sub-Himalayan region to southeastern Russia and Japan (southern Hokkaido to northern Ryukyu Islands), southward to Indonesia, Australia (including Tasmania but not western deserts), and New Zealand (very local)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D5A727A",null,null,"India","Description of three new species of Heron, (Ardea,) discovered by General Hardwicke, in India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/31/mode/1up","Ardea modesta"],["5410","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea brachyrhyncha","(Brehm, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.7 p.80","Yellow-billed Egret","Yellow-billed Egret","Yellow-billed Egret","2025-0904","Three monotypic species are recognized in the <em>Ardea intermedia sensu lato </em>complex based on differences in breeding bare parts color, plumage, and morphology, and possibly in display and vocalizations: <em>A. intermedia; A. brachyrhyncha;</em> and <em>A. plumifera</em>. However, genetic data are lacking and further work is needed to corroborate this split.","sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727677","integr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/integr3","avibase-C3ABF863",null,null,"Blue Nile.","Etwas über den Zug der Vögel in Nord-Ost-Afrika. (Schluss ; s. Jahrg. I, S. 451-457.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/716/mode/1up","Herodias brachyrhynchus"],["5411","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea intermedia","Wagler, 1829","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.659","Medium Egret","Medium Egret","Intermediate Egret","2025-0904","Three monotypic species are recognized in the <em>Ardea intermedia sensu lato </em>complex based on differences in breeding bare parts color, plumage, and morphology, and possibly in display and vocalizations: <em>A. intermedia; A. brachyrhyncha;</em> and <em>A. plumifera</em>. However, genetic data are lacking and further work is needed to corroborate this split.","breeds Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka eastward through south-central and southeastern China to southern Korea and Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), and southward through southeastern Asia to Greater Sundas; winters southward to Philippines, Malayan Peninsula, and Indonesia eastward apparently to Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727668","integr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/integr1","avibase-30785911",null,null,"Java.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/338/mode/1up","Ardea intermedia"],["5412","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea plumifera","(Gould, 1848)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.179 p.221","Plumed Egret","Plumed Egret","Plumed Egret","2025-0904","Three monotypic species are recognized in the <em>Ardea intermedia sensu lato </em>complex based on differences in breeding bare parts color, plumage, and morphology, and possibly in display and vocalizations: <em>A. intermedia; A. brachyrhyncha;</em> and <em>A. plumifera</em>. However, genetic data are lacking and further work is needed to corroborate this split.","eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley regions of Western Australia eastward to eastern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727683","integr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/integr2","avibase-97558974",null,null,"New South Wales.","Descriptions of some new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/723/mode/1up","Herodias plumiferus"],["5413","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea ibis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.144","Western Cattle Egret","Western Cattle-Egret",null,"2025-0902, 2025-1187","Taxon <em>coromanda </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Ardea ibis</em> based on consistent differences in proportions and breeding plumage. A comprehensive genetic review is needed. <em>Bubulcus </em>is merged into <em>Ardea </em>based on the genomic DNA evidence of Hruska et al. (2023).","southern Europe eastward to Iran and Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles (including Aldabra), Comoros, and Mauritius; colonized the New World in the 20th century, now widespread in North and South America; introduced to the Hawaiian Islands (Northwestern and all main islands); partially migratory in North America and southern Africa",null,null,null,"categr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/categr1","avibase-AB1CB216",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/163/mode/1up","Ardea Ibis"],["5414","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea coromanda","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54","Eastern Cattle Egret","Eastern Cattle-Egret",null,"2025-0902, 2025-1187","Taxon <em>coromanda </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Ardea ibis</em> based on consistent differences in proportions and breeding plumage. A comprehensive genetic review is needed. <em>Bubulcus </em>is merged into <em>Ardea </em>based on the genomic DNA evidence of Hruska et al. (2023).","southern Asia from Pakistan eastward in sub-Himalayan region to southeastern Russia and Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), southward throughout tropical Asia; now also Australia (including Tasmania but not arid eastern interior and western deserts, self-introduced by 1948) and New Zealand (North and South islands; self-introduced by 1963)",null,null,null,"categr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/categr2","avibase-0653A8AD",null,null,"Coromandel.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Cancroma Coromanda"],["5415","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea humbloti","Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1885","Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux, tome I 1 p.546","Humblot's Heron","Humblot's Heron","Madagascar Heron",null,null,"mainly coastal wetlands in lowlands of western and central Madagascar; rare Comoros",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697012","humher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humher1","avibase-A8EE526F",null,null,"eastern Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122562#page/556/mode/1up","Ardea humbloti"],["5416","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea sumatrana","Raffles, 1822","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.325","Great-billed Heron","Great-billed Heron","Great-billed Heron",null,null,"coasts and satellite islets, and sometimes inland waterways, from southern Myanmar through Indonesia and the Palawan and Sulu Archipelago to New Guinea and northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northeastern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697028","grbher2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbher2","avibase-9B073071",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/357/mode/1up","Ardea Sumatrana"],["5417","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea insignis","Hume, 1878","Stray Feathers 6 p.470","White-bellied Heron","White-bellied Heron","White-bellied Heron",null,null,"Himalayan foothills (Nepal to northeastern India and Myanmar)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697021","whbher2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbher2","avibase-1E1181E6",null,null,"Sikkim terai, Bhutan duars, etc.","A Revised List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/490/mode/1up","Ardea insignis"],["5418","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea purpurea","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.236","Purple Heron","Purple Heron","Purple Heron",null,null,"lowland to foothill freshwater wetlands, lake shores, reedbeds, and mangroves, from southern Europe, northwestern Africa, and Cabo Verde, eastward to northeastern China and Ussuriland (Russia), and southward to sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, southern Japan (southern Ryukyu Islands), and Indonesia; northern populations migrate to equatorial Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697031","purher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purher1","avibase-3395DCF1",null,null,"'in Oriente'; restricted to France by Stresemann, 1920, Avifauna Macedonica, p. 226.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/240/mode/1up","Ardea purpurea"],["5419","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea purpurea purpurea","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Palearctic eastward to Iran, and sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7777C4C",null,null,"'in Oriente'; restricted to France by Stresemann, 1920, Avifauna Macedonica, p. 226.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/240/mode/1up","Ardea purpurea"],["5420","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea purpurea bournei","de Naurois, 1966","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 36 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde (Santiago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C46304",null,null,"S. Domingos, Ilha de São Tiago [=Santiago], Cape Verde Islands.","Le Héron poupré de l'Archipel du Cap Vert Ardea purpurea bournei, ssp. nov.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/316639#page/5/mode/1up","Ardea purpurea bournei"],["5421","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea purpurea madagascariensis","van Oort, 1910","Notes from the Leyden Museum 32 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C6E2CC5",null,null,"Madagascar.","Ardea purpurea madagascariensis nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/97/mode/1up","Ardea purpurea madagascariensis"],["5422","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea purpurea manilensis","Meyen, 1834","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Asia from southern Japan (southern Ryukyu Islands) southward to Indonesia, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B486727A",null,null,"Philippines.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=Ardea%20purpurea%20manilensis&f=false","Ardea purpurea var. manilensis"],["5423","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea melanocephala","Children & Vigors, 1826","Narrative of travels and discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the years 1822, 1823, and 1824 App.XXI p.201","Black-headed Heron","Black-headed Heron","Black-headed Heron",null,null,"grassland and savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697008","blhher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhher1","avibase-25A648FE",null,null,"no locality; ? near Lake Chad.",null,null,"Ardea melanocephala"],["5424","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea goliath","Cretzschmar, 1829","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.39 pl.26","Goliath Heron","Goliath Heron","Goliath Heron",null,null,"locally in Africa, Iraq, and Iran; casual to India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697017","golher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golher1","avibase-C7888A15",null,null,"White Nile, Bahhar Abiad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/251/mode/1up","Ardea goliath"],["5425","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea cinerea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.143","Grey Heron","Gray Heron","Grey Heron",null,null,"widespread Old World in lowland to submontane wetlands, lakes, rivers, and mangroves, from Europe eastward to southern Siberia and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), and southward to sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, India, and Greater Sundas; northernmost populations migratory to Mediterranean, northern Africa, southeastern Asia, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696993","graher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graher1","avibase-6429024D",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1920, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 1229.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/162/mode/1up","Ardea cinerea"],["5426","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea cinerea cinerea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"western Europe eastward to northeastern China, Africa and Comoros, and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-520D3421",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1920, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 1229.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/162/mode/1up","Ardea cinerea"],["5427","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea cinerea jouyi","Clark, 1907","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds China (except northwestern), Russian Far East, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) southward to northern Myanmar, Indochina, Greater Sundas, and western Lesser Sundas; more widespread in winter in southeastern Asia, also in Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FC4977A",null,null,"Seoul, Korea.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/556/mode/1up","Ardea cinerea jouyi"],["5428","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea cinerea monicae","Jouanin & Roux, 1963","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 33 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87DFB57F",null,null,"Isle Ariel, Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania.","Une race nouvelle de Héron cendré : Ardea cinerea monicae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/315768#page/25/mode/1up","Ardea cinerea monicae"],["5429","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea cinerea firasa","Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar, Comoros, and Aldabra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5281BC38",null,null,"Madagascar. Type from the Antinosy Country.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/32/mode/1up","Ardea cinerea firasa"],["5430","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea cocoi","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.237","Cocoi Heron","Cocoi Heron","Cocoi Heron",null,null,"widespread South America (excluding the Andes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697001","cocher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocher1","avibase-B49AB613",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/241/mode/1up","Ardea Cocoi"],["5431","species","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea herodias","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.143","Great Blue Heron","Great Blue Heron",null,"2025-0903","Taxon <em>occidentalis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ardea herodias</em> based on available evidence. Microsatellite data (McGuire et al. 2019) indicate a considerable degree of introgression despite differences in plumage color and other morphological characters. Although mitochondrial DNA data (Cheek et al. 2018) demonstrate a lack of differentiation among the blue-plumaged subspecies (<em>herodias, fannini</em>, and <em>wardi</em>), <em>occidentalis </em>has not yet been sampled. Further research is needed including an assessment of bare parts color during breeding (Browning &amp; Kushlan 2022).","southeastern Alaska and southern Canada to southern Baja California and Central America, Galapagos, and islands off Venezuela",null,null,null,"grbher3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbher3","avibase-93694BB5",null,null,"America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/162/mode/1up","Ardea Herodias"],["5432","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea herodias fannini","Chapman, 1901","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 14, art.8 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alaska to coastal Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA335EF9",null,null,"Skidegate, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands [Haida Gwaii, British Columbia].","A new race of the Great Blue Heron.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/734","Ardea herodias fannini"],["5433","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea herodias wardi","Ridgway, 1882","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central USA to Gulf Coast and Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-508E3C0F",null,null,"Oyster Bay, Florida; corrected to Estero Bay by Holt, 1925, Auk, 42, p. 267.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69166#page/19/mode/1up","Ardea wardi"],["5434","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea herodias herodias","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada to southern Baja California and Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECBCA5E5",null,null,"America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/162/mode/1up","Ardea Herodias"],["5435","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea herodias occidentalis","Audubon, 1835","The Birds of America; from original drawings 3, no.57 pl.281",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Florida through West Indies to islands off Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B337D50F",null,null,"Keys near Key West, Florida.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/288/","Ardea occidentalis"],["5436","subspecies","Pelecaniformes","Ardeidae","Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","Ardea herodias cognata","Bangs, 1903","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62677BF6",null,null,"Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) Island, Galapagos Archipelago.","Description of a new race of the Great Blue Heron from the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/108/mode/1up","Ardea herodias cognata"],["5437","order","Caprimulgiformes",null,null,"Caprimulgiformes",null,null,"Nightjars and Nighthawks",null,null,"2025-1183","The Caprimulgiformes <em>sensu lato</em> are treated as six orders based on evidence of ancient genetic divergences obtained from densely sampled nuclear DNA (Prum et al. 2015) and genomic data (Stiller et al. 2024), combined with the great morphological and ecological diversity represented within the group: Apodiformes (Hemiprocnidae, Apodidae, Trochilidae); Steatornithiformes (Steatornithidae); Nyctibiiformes (Nyctibiidae); Podargiformes (Podargidae); Caprimulgiformes (Caprimulgidae); and Aegotheliformes (Aegothelidae). However, recognition of an expanded Caprimulgiformes would also be valid and would retain information on the common evolutionary history of these divergent lineages.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5438","family","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgidae",null,null,"Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nightjars and Allies","Nightjars",null,null,null,null,null,null,"caprim2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caprim2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5439","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus guttatus [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 7). = Caprimulgus mystacalis Temminck, 1826",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/307/mode/1up","Eurostopodus"],["5440","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus diabolicus","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.103","Satanic Nightjar","Diabolical Nightjar","Heinrich's Nightjar",null,null,"montane forest of northern and central Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689670","dianig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dianig1","avibase-955A3BD9",null,null,"Kumasot, 250 metres, base of Kalabat Volcano, Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. IV. Zur Ornithologie der Minahassa (Nord-Celebes).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0102-0105.pdf#page=2","Eurostopodus diabolicus"],["5441","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus papuensis","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.340","Papuan Nightjar","Papuan Nightjar","Papuan Nightjar",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689675","papnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papnig1","avibase-F84FF9EF",null,null,"Salawati and the opposite coast of New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/354/mode/1up","Caprimulgus papuensis"],["5442","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus archboldi","(Mayr & Rand, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.4","Archbold's Nightjar","Archbold's Nightjar","Archbold's Nightjar",null,null,"highlands of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689680","arcnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcnig1","avibase-DC4C9385",null,null,"West slope of Mount Tafa at 2400 metres, New Guinea. September 23, 1933; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Lyncornis archboldi"],["5443","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus argus","Hartert, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 16 p.608","Spotted Nightjar","Spotted Nightjar","Spotted Nightjar",null,null,"Australia (except eastern coast and Tasmania); winters to Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689656","sponig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sponig1","avibase-28BD3EB7",null,null,"'Australia, Aru Islands and probably New Ireland.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34415#page/628/mode/1up","Eurostopodus argus"],["5444","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus exul","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.1-7","New Caledonian Nightjar","New Caledonian Nightjar","New Caledonian Nightjar",null,null,"New Caledonia; known only from a single specimen from 1939","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726340","necnig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necnig2","avibase-EB1EC6B4",null,null,"Tao, northwestern New Caledonia","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 47, Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Eurostopodus mystacalis exul"],["5445","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus mystacalis","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.69, vol.4 pl.410","White-throated Nightjar","White-throated Nightjar","White-throated Nightjar",null,null,"eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, to eastern Victoria); winters to New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725660","whtnig3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtnig3","avibase-8A6C3156",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/391/mode/1up","Caprimulgus mystacalis"],["5446","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eurostopodus nigripennis","Ramsay, 1882","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.4 p.835","Solomons Nightjar","Solomons Nightjar","Solomons Nightjar",null,null,"northern and central Solomon Archipelago",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725672","solnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solnig1","avibase-8C0F37FF",null,null,"One of the Solomon Islands.","On a new species of Eurystopodus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/863/mode/1up","Eurystopodus nigripennis"],["5447","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis","Gould, 1838","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.2 pl.[14],text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lyncornis cerviniceps [Gould, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/67/mode/1up","Lyncornis"],["5448","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis temminckii","Gould, 1838","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.2 pl.16,text","Malayan Eared Nightjar","Malayan Eared-Nightjar","Malay Eared-nightjar",null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689685","malnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malnig1","avibase-3DBEFCA5",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/75/mode/1up","Lyncornis Temminckii"],["5449","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis macrotis","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.97","Great Eared Nightjar","Great Eared-Nightjar","Great Eared-nightjar",null,null,"humid forest, scrubland, and wooded savanna in Kerala (southern Western Ghats, Peninsular India), and highly disjunctly from northeastern India and southeastern Bangladesh eastward through Myanmar, southernmost China (Yunnan), and southern Vietnam, and Malayan Peninsula southward to northern Peninsular Malaysia; also highly disjunctly on Simeulue (off northwestern Sumatra), the Philippines (except Palawan and the Sulu Archipelago), and the Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689690","grenig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grenig1","avibase-C5E15B31",null,null,"Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/111/mode/1up","Caprimulgus macrotis"],["5450","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis macrotis cerviniceps","Gould, 1838","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.2 pl.14,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangladesh and northeastern India to southern China, Indochina, and northern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7AB8ABB",null,null,"'Said to be a native of China or the adjacent islands' = Trang, Peninsular Siam, by designation of Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1923, p. 140.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/67/mode/1up","Lyncornis cerviniceps"],["5451","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis macrotis bourdilloni","Hume, 1875","Stray Feathers 3 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DA86CA4",null,null,"Kalland, Khauni, Travancore.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/332/mode/1up","Lyncornis Bourdilloni"],["5452","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis macrotis macrotis","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (except West Visayas and Palawan group)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9F9AA5C",null,null,"Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/111/mode/1up","Caprimulgus macrotis"],["5453","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis macrotis jacobsoni","Junge, 1936","Temminckia 1 p.39 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C41FF474",null,null,"Sinabang, Simalur Island.","Fauan Simalurensis - Aves.",null,"Lyncornis macrotis jacobsoni"],["5454","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lyncornis macrotis macropterus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region including Sangihe and Talaud (off northeastern Sulawesi), and Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B76ABEA",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/114/mode/1up","Lyncornis macropterus"],["5455","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Gactornis","Han, Robbins & Braun, 2010","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55(2) 443-53 ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus enarratus [Gray, GR, 1871]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A multi-gene estimate of phylogeny in the nightjars and nighthawks (Caprimulgidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41398267","Gactornis"],["5456","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Gactornis enarratus","(Gray, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.48 p.428","Collared Nightjar","Collared Nightjar","Collared Nightjar",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690000","colnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colnig1","avibase-D0AA9105",null,null,"Madagascar.","LII. On a new Species of Caprimulgus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/442/mode/1up","Caprimulgus enarratus"],["5457","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lurocalis","Cassin, 1851","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.8 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus nattererii [Temminck, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 12).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/215/mode/1up","Lurocalis"],["5458","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lurocalis rufiventris","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 1 p.209","Rufous-bellied Nighthawk","Rufous-bellied Nighthawk","Rufous-bellied Nighthawk",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia to western Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689698","rubnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubnig1","avibase-FC8265D9",null,null,"Tambillo, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50520#page/219/mode/1up","Lurocalis rufiventris"],["5459","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lurocalis semitorquatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1031","Short-tailed Nighthawk","Short-tailed Nighthawk","Short-tailed Nighthawk",null,null,"southeastern Mexico southward through eastern Peru, Brazil south of the Amazon River and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689695","shtnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtnig1","avibase-518ADDBC",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/532/mode/1up","Caprimulgus semitorquatus"],["5460","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lurocalis semitorquatus stonei","Huber, 1923","The Auk 40, no.2 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico southward through northeastern Guatemala to Panama; also in southwestern Costa Rica, Pacific Panama, southwestern Colombia, and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A98C78DC",null,null,"Ten miles above the mouth of the Río Banbana, Nicaragua.","Two new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol40/iss2/10/","Lurocalis stonei"],["5461","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lurocalis semitorquatus semitorquatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1031",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9BAB3CE",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/532/mode/1up","Caprimulgus semitorquatus"],["5462","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lurocalis semitorquatus schaeferi","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F0C646D",null,null,"Rancho Grande, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, 1130 m","Nine new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/236/mode/1up","Lurocalis semitorquatus schaeferi"],["5463","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Lurocalis semitorquatus nattererii","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.18, vol.4 pl.107",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, Brazil south of the Amazon River and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D26E33B6",null,null,"Brazil, Ypanema, São Paulo, fixed as type locality by Hellmayr, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/373/mode/1up","Caprimulgus nattereri"],["5464","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne","Bonaparte, 1857","Rivista Contemporanea 9 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Caprimulgus leucopygus [von Spix, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Nyctiprogne"],["5465","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne vielliardi","(Lencioni-Neto, 1994)","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 62 p.241-245","Plain-tailed Nighthawk","Bahian Nighthawk","Bahian Nighthawk",null,null,"eastern Brazil (xeric Caatinga of northern Bahia and northern Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689704","bahnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahnig1","avibase-966B3BB3",null,null,"Bresil, Bahia, Manga","Une nouvelle espéce de Chordeiles (Aves, Caprimulgidae) de Bahia (Brésil).","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1994_T062_N004","Chordeiles vielliardi"],["5466","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne leucopyga","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.3, pl.3, f.2","Band-tailed Nighthawk","Band-tailed Nighthawk","Band-tailed Nighthawk",null,null,"edges of black-water rivers, igapo forest, and oxbow lakes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from northern Venezuela and eastern Guyana southward across the Amazon of Colombia, northeastern Ecuador, far eastern Peru, and Amazonian Brazil to northern and eastern Bolivia and adjacent Paraguay; in northeastern Brazil northward to coastal French Guiana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689720","batnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batnig1","avibase-73F8FC01",null,null,"Wooded shores of the Amazon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/17/mode/1up","Caprimulgus leucopygus"],["5467","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne leucopyga exigua","Friedmann, 1945","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8CD71C6",null,null,"right bank of the Upper Orinoco, opposite Corocoro Island, Venezuela","The Genus Nyctiprogne.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/159/mode/1up","Nyctiprogne leucopyga exigua"],["5468","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne leucopyga pallida","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia to central Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D12D59DD",null,null,"San Fernando do Apure, Estado Apure, Venezuela, 140 m","Nine new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/238/mode/1up","Nyctiprogne leucopyga pallida"],["5469","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne leucopyga leucopyga","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.3, pl.3, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C443A25E",null,null,"Wooded shores of the Amazon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/17/mode/1up","Caprimulgus leucopygus"],["5470","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne leucopyga latifascia","Friedmann, 1945","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru eastward to Venezuela and central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7D71F4C",null,null,"Raudal Quirabuena, Brazo Casiquiare, Venezuela, February 5, 1931, by E. G. Holt, E. R. Blake, and C. T. Agostini.","The Genus Nyctiprogne.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/160/mode/1up","Nyctiprogne latifascia"],["5471","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiprogne leucopyga majuscula","Pinto & Camargo, 1952","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 10 p.213-234",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru to eastern Bolivia and central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0BA85EB",null,null,"Dumbá, no baixo Rio das Mortes, leste do Estado de Mato Grosso [Brazil]","Nova contribuição à ornitologia do Rio das Mortes. Resultados do Expedição conjunta de Instituta Bantantan e Departamentida Zoologica.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208534","Nyctiprogne leucopyga majuscula"],["5472","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctipolus","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25, 1912, p.98.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus nigrescens [Cabanis, 1849]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/132/mode/1up","Nyctipolus"],["5473","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctipolus nigrescens","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.710","Blackish Nightjar","Blackish Nightjar","Blackish Nightjar",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia, and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689862","blanig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blanig1","avibase-63F4EDD0",null,null,"Lower Essequibo River, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/200/mode/1up","Caprimulgus nigrescens"],["5474","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctipolus hirundinaceus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.2, pl.3, f.1","Pygmy Nightjar","Pygmy Nightjar","Pygmy Nightjar",null,null,"arid scrub and deciduous forest with rocky outcrops in eastern Brazil from northern Ceará and Piauí southward to northern and eastern Minas Gerais and southern Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689868","pygnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygnig1","avibase-B0169763",null,null,"Rio Solimões, error = Feira de Santa Anna, Bahia, cf. Hellmayr, antea, 1929, p. 400.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/16/mode/1up","Caprimulgus hirundinaceus"],["5475","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctipolus hirundinaceus cearae","Cory, 1917","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Ceará to far northern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-579BE507",null,null,"Quixada, Ceará, Brazil.","Notes on little-known species of South American birds, with descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21294#page/10/mode/1up","Nyctipolus hirundinaceus cearae"],["5476","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctipolus hirundinaceus hirundinaceus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.2, pl.3, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (southern Piauí to Bahia and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBC054FD",null,null,"Rio Solimões, error = Feira de Santa Anna, Bahia, cf. Hellmayr, antea, 1929, p. 400.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/16/mode/1up","Caprimulgus hirundinaceus"],["5477","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctipolus hirundinaceus vielliardi","(Ribon, 1995)","Revista Brasileria de Zoologia 12 p.333-337",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63FB2847",null,null,"BRASIL, Espírito Santo: Colatina (19°32'S - 40 37'W, altitude de aproximadamente 40m)","Nova subespécie de Caprimulgus (Linnaeus) (Aves, Caprimulgidae) do Espirito Santo, Brasil.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262481004_A_new_subspecies_of_Caprimulgus_Linnaeus_Aves_Caprimulgidae_from_Espirito_Santo_Brazil","Caprimulgus hirundinaceus vielliardi"],["5478","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus","Gould, 1838","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.2 pl.12,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nyctidromus derbyanus [Gould, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/59/mode/1up","Nyctidromus"],["5479","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus anthonyi","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.4","Anthony's Nightjar","Scrub Nightjar","Scrub Nightjar",null,null,"lowlands of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689855","scrnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrnig1","avibase-D3D48681",null,null,"Portovelo, 2400 feet, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Setopagis anthonyi"],["5480","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus albicollis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1030","Pauraque","Common Pauraque","Pauraque",null,null,"lower Rio Grande Valley (southern Texas) to northern Bolivia, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689731","compau","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compau","avibase-F2CB69EC",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/531/mode/1up","Caprimulgus albicollis"],["5481","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus albicollis insularis","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-563C3C32",null,null,"Maria Madre Island, Tres Marías Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/23/mode/1up","Nyctidromus albicollis insularis"],["5482","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli","Sennett, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Rio Grande Valley (southern Texas) to Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico); winters to Puebla",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC731775",null,null,"Nueces River, Nueces County, Texas.","Descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies of birds from Texas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/10/","Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli"],["5483","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis","Nelson, 1901","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Mexico to Belize, Cozumel, and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E1B350D",null,null,"Tunkas, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/189/mode/1up","Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis"],["5484","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus albicollis gilvus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E486FF0",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/90/mode/1up","Nyctidromus albicollis gilvus"],["5485","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1030",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guatemala to northwestern Peru; eastern Colombia, northwestern Peru and Venezuela through the Guianas and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F3E8620",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/531/mode/1up","Caprimulgus albicollis"],["5486","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctidromus albicollis derbyanus","Gould, 1838","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.2 pl.12,text",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-897A62F0",null,null,"South America; Ipanema, São Paulo suggested as type locality by Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 19, 1935, p. 133.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/59/mode/1up","Nyctidromus Derbyanus"],["5487","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Tepuiornis","Costa, van Els, Braun et al., 2023","Avian Systematics 1, no.6 p.70 [55-99]",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Antrostomus whitelyi [Salvin, 1885]; Type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Systematic revision and generic classification of a clade of New World nightjars (Caprimulgidae), with descriptions of new genera from South America","https://www.aviansystematics.org/uploads/texteditor/AS_1_6_PDFA.pdf","Tepuiornis"],["5488","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Tepuiornis whitelyi","(Salvin, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.438","Roraiman Nightjar","Roraiman Nightjar","Roraiman Nightjar",null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, adjacent northern Brazil, and Guyana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689865","rornig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rornig1","avibase-07D22CB7",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3500 feet, British Guiana.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/490/mode/1up","Antrostomus whitelyi"],["5489","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis","Miller, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.17 p.516",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hydropsalis lyra [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by original designation",null,"Three new genera of birds","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1889","Uropsalis"],["5490","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis segmentata","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.11 p.238","Swallow-tailed Nightjar","Swallow-tailed Nightjar","Swallow-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"montane cloudforest to elfin forest and treeline scrub in the Andes from northern Colombia southward across Ecuador to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru (from Amazonas) southward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba and adjacent Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690040","swtnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swtnig1","avibase-3981B194",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/270/mode/1up","Hydropsalis segmentatus"],["5491","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis segmentata segmentata","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.11 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2B60350",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/270/mode/1up","Hydropsalis segmentatus"],["5492","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis segmentata kalinowskii","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4C38B3F",null,null,"Pariayacu, near Maraynioc, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/431/mode/1up","Macropsalis kalinowskii"],["5493","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis lyra","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.59","Lyre-tailed Nightjar","Lyre-tailed Nightjar","Lyre-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela, including locally in Sierra de Perijá, southward in the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia, northwestern and eastern Ecuador; eastern Andes of Peru southward to northwestern Argentina (southward to Jujuy)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690043","lytnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lytnig1","avibase-59EE3240",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/111/mode/1up","Hydropsalis lyra"],["5494","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis lyra lyra","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Colombia to western Venezuela and central Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89EB4148",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/111/mode/1up","Hydropsalis lyra"],["5495","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis lyra peruana","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-019FFD12",null,null,"Chontapunco, Marcapata, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/141/mode/1up","Macropsalis lyra peruana"],["5496","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Uropsalis lyra argentina","Olrog, 1975","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 21 p.147-148",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia and adjacent northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03469E01",null,null,"Perico, Dpto.San Pedro, Jujuy, Argentina.","Uropsalis lyra nueva para la fauna Argentina (Aves, Caprimulgidae).",null,"Uropsalis lyra argentina"],["5497","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Quechuavis","van Els, Costa, Braun et al., 2023","Avian Systematics 1, no.6 p.73 [55-99]",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Caprimulgus decussatus [von Tschudi, 1844]; Type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Systematic revision and generic classification of a clade of New World nightjars (Caprimulgidae), with descriptions of new genera from South America","https://www.aviansystematics.org/uploads/texteditor/AS_1_6_PDFA.pdf","Quechuavis"],["5498","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Quechuavis decussata","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.268","Tschudi's Nightjar","Tschudi's Nightjar","Lesser Band-winged Nightjar",null,null,"arid littoral of western Peru and far northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725686","bawnig3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawnig3","avibase-C3D39BB8",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/276/mode/1up","Caprimulgus decussatus"],["5499","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Setopagis","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25, 1912, p.98.",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Caprimulgus parvulus [Gould, 1837]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/132/mode/1up","Setopagis"],["5500","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Setopagis maculosa","(Todd, 1920)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.74","Cayenne Nightjar","Cayenne Nightjar","Cayenne Nightjar",null,null,"known only from a 1917 specimen from French Guiana",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689859","caynig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caynig1","avibase-EB7EE121",null,null,"Tamanoir, Cayenne.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/98/mode/1up","Nyctipolus maculosus"],["5501","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Setopagis parvula","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.22","Little Nightjar","Little Nightjar","Little Nightjar",null,null,"eastern Peru to Brazil south of the Amazon River, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734667","litnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litnig1","avibase-A1EEC8FF",null,null,"No locality given, but type from near Santa Fé, Río Paraná, Argentina.","Exhibition of the Fissirostral Birds from Mr. Darwin's Collection, and characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/194/mode/1up","Caprimulgus parvulus"],["5502","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Setopagis heterura","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.81","Todd's Nightjar","Todd's Nightjar","Todd's Nightjar",null,null,"northern Colombia to central Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734672","samnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samnig1","avibase-056B71D3",null,null,"La Tigrera, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/109/mode/1up","Setopagis heterurus"],["5503","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25, 1912 p.97.",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Stenopis ruficervix [Sclater, PL, 1866]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/131/mode/1up","Systellura"],["5504","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris","(Bonaparte, 1825)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, pt.2 p.384","Band-winged Nightjar","Band-winged Nightjar",null,"2025-0519","Taxon <em>roraimae </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Systellura longirostris</em> based on available genetic evidence (Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014). Vocalizations are distinctly different (Spencer 2010), but a more comprehensive analysis of genetics and bioacoustics across all taxa in this complex is needed before implementing any splits.","tepuis of southern Venezuela, mountains of northern Venezuela, Andes from western Venezuela and Colombia southward to Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and northern Chile, and lowlands from central Chile and central Argentina to Tierra del Fuego, and eastern Brazil; southern populations migrate northward",null,null,null,"bawnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawnig1","avibase-73356C9D",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79352#page/398/mode/1up","Caprimulgus longirostris"],["5505","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris ruficervix","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.140 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from western Venezuela and Colombia southward to northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44FCB389",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia, and Quito, Ecuador.","Notes upon the American Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/190/mode/1up","Stenopsis ruficervix"],["5506","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris roraimae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B27D63E5",null,null,"Philipp Camp, 6000 feet, Mt. Roraima, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Systellura ruficervix roraimae"],["5507","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris atripunctata","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of north-central and southern Peru, central and southwestern Bolivia, northern Chile (southward to Antofagasta), and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83685D3F",null,null,"Acobamba, 10,000 feet, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Systellura ruficervix atripunctata"],["5508","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris bifasciata","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Chile (southern Antofagasta southward to northern Magallanes) and adjacent western Argentina; southernmost populations migrate to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD9BA41F",null,null,"No locality given, but type from Valparaiso, Chile.","Exhibition of the Fissirostral Birds from Mr. Darwin's Collection, and characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/194/mode/1up","Caprimulgus bifasciatus"],["5509","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris pedrolimai","(Grantsau, 2008)","Atualidades Ornitológicas no.145 p.4 fig.3,4",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil in Ceará southward to Bahia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EE3EBF8",null,null,"Procedência, Fazenda Serra Branca, Município Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brasil. 09 39´51.8\"S, 038 35'75.5\" W. Coletado 22. 05. 2005.","Uma nova subespécie de Caprimulgus longirostris (Aves, Caprimulgidae)","https://web.archive.org/web/20110815162254/http://www.ao.com.br/download/ao145_4.pdf","Caprimulgus longirostris pedrolimai"],["5510","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris longirostris","(Bonaparte, 1825)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, pt.2 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil from about Espírito Santo southward to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7F86B07",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79352#page/398/mode/1up","Caprimulgus longirostris"],["5511","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris mochaensis","(Cleere, 2006)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 126 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Mocha and, disjunctly, Ascención (Archipiélago de las Guaitecas, just off central and south-central Chile, respectively)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A4DF42A",null,null,"Isla Mocha, Chile, by EF. C. Platts, 11 December 1932","A new subspecies of Band-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus longirostris from central Chile","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127064#page/17/mode/1up","Caprimulgus longirostris mochaensis"],["5512","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Systellura longirostris patagonica","(Olrog, 1962)","Acta Zoológica Lilloana 18 p.111-120",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern Argentina (Córdoba and Buenos Aires Province southward to southern Santa Cruz); southernmost populations migrate to northeastern Argentina and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D511C7",null,null,"Estancia El Tranquito, 250 km NE of San Julian, Dept. of Magallanes, Santa Cruz, Argentina","Notas oritologicas sobre la coleccion del Instituto Miguel Lillo (Tucuman). VI.",null,"Caprimulgus longirostris patagonicus"],["5513","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eleothreptus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.7",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Amblypterus anomalus [Gould, 1838]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/21/mode/1up","Eleothreptus"],["5514","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eleothreptus anomalus","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.58 p.105","Sickle-winged Nightjar","Sickle-winged Nightjar","Sickle-winged Nightjar",null,null,"swamps of southeastern Brazil to southern Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690056","siwnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siwnig1","avibase-3B0F1017",null,null,"Demerara, error = São Paulo, Brazil, by designation of Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 32, 1938, p. 237.","Description of a New Genus among the Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/277/mode/1up","Amblypterus anomalus"],["5515","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Eleothreptus candicans","(Pelzeln, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.3 p.588","White-winged Nightjar","White-winged Nightjar","White-winged Nightjar",null,null,"interior of northern Bolivia, south-central Brazil, and eastern Paraguay",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689826","whwnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwnig1","avibase-A3E1E0AC",null,null,"Irisanga, São Paulo.","Additional Notes on the Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/702/mode/1up","Stenopsis candicans"],["5516","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antiurus","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.98",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Stenopsis maculicaudus [Lawrence]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/132/mode/1up","Antiurus"],["5517","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antiurus maculicaudus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.459","Spot-tailed Nightjar","Spot-tailed Nightjar","Spot-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"locally from southeastern Mexico to northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689847","sptnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptnig1","avibase-28045DA0",null,null,"Pará.","Descriptions of six new species of the families Charadriidae, Trochilidae and Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/491/mode/1up","Stenopsis maculicaudus"],["5518","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1222",null,null,null,"2025-1199","Widespread non-monophyly in some New World caprimulgids (Han et al. 2010; Sigurðsson &amp; Cracraft 2014) is resolved through recognition of eight genera based mostly on the recommendations of Costa et al. (2023): <em>Tepuiornis whitelyi</em>; polytypic <em>Uropsalis (U. segmentata </em>and <em>U. lyra</em>); <em>Quechuavis decussata</em>; polytypic <em>Setopagis (S. heterura, S. maculosa,</em> and <em>S. parvula</em>); <em>Antiurus maculicaudus</em>; polytypic <em>Hydropsalis (H. forcipata, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca</em>, and <em>H. torquata</em>); <em>Systellura longirostris</em>; and polytypic <em>Eleothreptus </em>(<em>E. candicans</em> and <em>E. anomalus</em>).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Caprimulgus furcifer [Vieillot, 1817]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 11).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/657/mode/1up","Hydropsalis"],["5519","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis forcipata","(Nitzsch, 1840)","System der Pterylographie. Nach seinen handschriftlich aufbewahrten Untersuchungen verfasst p.125","Long-trained Nightjar","Long-trained Nightjar","Long-trained Nightjar",null,null,"southeastern Brazil and adjacent northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690046","lotnig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotnig2","avibase-9EFE07E9",null,null,"Sur del Brasil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130505#page/141/mode/1up","Caprimulgus forcipatus"],["5520","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis cayennensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1031","White-tailed Nightjar","White-tailed Nightjar","White-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"dry savanna, low arid and open scrub, and thickets in the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica and Panama, and in northern Colombia eastward to northern Venezuela, the Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and far northern Brazil, in Amapá and Roraima; in Venezuela southward to northern Amazonas and southwestward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, and in central Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena and Río Cauca; also locally in Andean valleys of northern Ecuador, and on Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689823","whtnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtnig1","avibase-663835A6",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/532/mode/1up","Caprimulgus cayennensis"],["5521","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis cayennensis albicauda","(Lawrence, 1875)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11(1876) p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of Pacific slope southeastern Costa Rica to northern Colombia (eastward to Magdalena)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2B25C09",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/111/mode/1up","Stenopsis albicauda"],["5522","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis cayennensis aperta","(Peters, 1940)","Check-list of birds of the world 4 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia to far northern Ecuador (Imbabura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03E8C7B2",null,null,"San Antonio, 6600 ft., western Andes, above Cali, Colombia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50573#page/217/mode/1up","Caprimulgus cayennensis apertus"],["5523","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis cayennensis cayennensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1031",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and far northern Brazil (northern Roraima and northwestern Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AFDA9B6",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/532/mode/1up","Caprimulgus cayennensis"],["5524","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis cayennensis insularis","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Colombia (Guajira), and northwestern Venezuela including Isla Margarita, and Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50E8F1C2",null,null,"Curaçao.","Description of a new subspecies of Stenopsis cayennensis from Curaçao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/195/mode/1up","Stenopsis cayennensis insularis"],["5525","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis cayennensis leopetes","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.6 pl.87, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad (including Bocas Islands) and Tobago (including Little Tobago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58A79902",null,null,"Glamorgan Estate, Tobago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/209/mode/1up","Caprimulgus leopetes"],["5526","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis cayennensis manati","(Pinchon, 1963)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 33 p.107-110",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0465D1F0",null,null,"Martinique","Une sous-espèce nouvelle d'Engoulevent à la Martinique: Stenopsis cayennensis manati subsp. nov. ,","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/315768#page/28/mode/1up","Stenopsis cayennensis manati"],["5527","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis torquata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1032","Scissor-tailed Nightjar","Scissor-tailed Nightjar","Scissor-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"arid scrub, grasslands, dry scrub, and open fields in the Sipaliwini savanna of southern Suriname, and from northeastern Brazil, in southern Amapá and northern Pará, southward and southwestward across the southern Amazon, interior and eastern Brazil to northern and eastern Bolivia and southeastern Peru, and southward across Paraguay and Uruguay to central Argentina, seasonally to western Buenos Aires, southern La Pampa, eastern Neuquén, and northern Río Negro; also locally in dry Andean valleys in eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690032","sctnig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctnig2","avibase-29AAC222",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/533/mode/1up","Caprimulgus torquatus"],["5528","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis torquata torquata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1032",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Suriname to Amazonian and eastern Brazil and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C103988",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/533/mode/1up","Caprimulgus torquatus"],["5529","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis torquata furcifer","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru to eastern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE55FBA4",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/258/mode/1up","Caprimulgus furcifer"],["5530","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis climacocerca","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.269","Ladder-tailed Nightjar","Ladder-tailed Nightjar","Ladder-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"riverine habitats of Amazonia and the Guianas from eastern Colombia eastward to north-central Brazil and southward through central Bolivia and Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690029","latnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latnig1","avibase-27032D18",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/277/mode/1up","Caprimulgus climacocercus"],["5531","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis climacocerca schomburgki","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"riverine habitats of eastern Venezuela to the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6405BA07",null,null,"British Guiana.","Notes upon the American Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/192/mode/1up","Hydropsalis schomburgki"],["5532","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis climacocerca climacocerca","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"mainly along rivers from southeastern Colombia eastward to southwestern Venezuela and southward to central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF43D18A",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/277/mode/1up","Caprimulgus climacocercus"],["5533","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis climacocerca pallidior","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil (Santarém region of western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C6A9AA0",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/351/mode/1up","Hydropsalis climacocerca pallidior"],["5534","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis climacocerca intercedens","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (Obidos region in western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D51BBB3",null,null,"Islands in the Amazon River, opposite Óbidos, Brazil.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/351/mode/1up","Hydropsalis climacocerca intercedens"],["5535","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Hydropsalis climacocerca canescens","Griscom & Greenway, 1937","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 81, no.2 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil (lower Rio Tapajós region of western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DED854D0",null,null,"Lago Grande, south bank of the Amazon, west of the Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Critical notes on new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21291#page/439/mode/1up","Hydropsalis climacocerca canescens"],["5536","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Siphonorhis","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Caprimulgus americanus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/129/mode/1up","Siphonorhis"],["5537","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Siphonorhis americana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.193","Jamaican Poorwill","Jamaican Pauraque","Jamaican Poorwill",null,null,"formerly Jamaica; probably extinct, last reported 1859","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689738","jampau","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jampau","avibase-07EC934E",null,null,"'America Calidiore' = Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/213/mode/1up","Caprimulgus americanus"],["5538","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Siphonorhis brewsteri","(Chapman, 1917)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37, art.12 p.329","Least Poorwill","Least Pauraque","Least Poorwill",null,null,"semiarid lowlands of Hispaniola and Gonâve Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689751","leapau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leapau1","avibase-5E7F4216",null,null,"Tubano, Province of Azua, Dominican Republic.","Descriptions of new birds from Santo Domingo and remarks on others in the Brewster-Sanford collection.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1862","Microsiphonorhis brewsteri"],["5539","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Siphonorhis brewsteri brewsteri","(Chapman, 1917)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37, art.12 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid lowlands of Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-330735D9",null,null,"Tubano, Province of Azua, Dominican Republic.","Descriptions of new birds from Santo Domingo and remarks on others in the Brewster-Sanford collection.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1862","Microsiphonorhis brewsteri"],["5540","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Siphonorhis brewsteri gonavensis","Garrido, 2003","Solenodon 3 61-67 (63)",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid lowlands of Gonâve Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E26304E",null,null,"Gonave Island [Haiti] by James Bond on 27 June 1928","A new subspecies of the least parauque (Siphonorhis brewsteri) (Aves: Caprimulgidae) from Gonave island, Haiti, with comments on the genus.","https://caribbeanagroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/06siphonorhis.pdf","Siphonorhis brewsteri gonavensis"],["5541","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus","Bonaparte, 1857","Rivista Contemporanea 9 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus ocellatus [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by subsequent designation (Oberholser, 1914, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 86, pt. 8, p. 8, note 5).",null,null,null,"Nyctiphrynus"],["5542","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi","(Hartert, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.10","Choco Poorwill","Choco Poorwill","Choco Poorwill",null,null,"western Colombia (Chocó) and far northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724499","chopoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chopoo1","avibase-A7CDF961",null,null,"Río Dagua, Colombia.","Caprimulgus rosenbergi, n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/304/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rosenbergi"],["5543","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus mcleodii","(Brewster, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.1 p.89","Eared Poorwill","Eared Poorwill","Eared Poorwill",null,null,"montane oak or pine forest on Pacific slope from southwestern Chihuahua and southeastern Sonora (northwestern Mexico) southward to south-central Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689755","earpoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/earpoo1","avibase-4175CC34",null,null,"Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Otophanes mcleodii"],["5544","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus mcleodii mcleodii","(Brewster, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Chihuahua and southern Sonora to Jalisco and Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B331043",null,null,"Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Otophanes mcleodii"],["5545","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus mcleodii rayi","(Miller, 1948)","The Condor 50, no.5 p.224-225",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine woodland of Guerrero and southern Oaxaca (west-central to southwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-060F55CE",null,null,"mountains above Chilpancingo, 6000 feet, Guerrero, Mexico","A New Subspecies of Eared Poor-will From Guerrero, Mexico","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol50/iss5/4/","Otophanes mcleodii rayi"],["5546","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus","(Hartert, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 16 p.575","Yucatan Poorwill","Yucatan Poorwill","Yucatan Poorwill",null,null,"southern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to northern Belize and Petén of northern Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689767","yucpoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yucpoo1","avibase-AD1A73F6",null,null,"Tizimin, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34415#page/595/mode/1up","Caprimulgus yucatanicus"],["5547","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus ocellatus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.268","Ocellated Poorwill","Ocellated Poorwill","Ocellated Poorwill",null,null,"humid forest from eastern Honduras, southern Nicaragua, and adjacent Costa Rica, in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia (southward to western Santa Cruz), and eastward across the Amazon of Brazil, south of the Amazon River, to eastern Pará, northern Tocantins, and western Maranhão; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Pernambuco southward to northern Paraná, eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689773","ocepoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocepoo1","avibase-F546974F",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/276/mode/1up","Caprimulgus ocellatus"],["5548","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus ocellatus lautus","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and (?) western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41EA5CD0",null,null,"Peña Blanca, northeastern Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Nyctiphrynus lautus"],["5549","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Nyctiphrynus ocellatus ocellatus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to eastern Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-889997DB",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/276/mode/1up","Caprimulgus ocellatus"],["5550","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus","Ridgway, 1880","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 3 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus nuttallii [Audubon, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51639#page/17/mode/1up","Phalaenoptilus"],["5551","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii","(Audubon, 1844)","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.350 pl.495","Common Poorwill","Common Poorwill","Common Poorwill",null,null,"arid open and grassy fields with scattered shrub, rolling prairies, hillsides, deserts, and rocky plateaus from southwestern Canada, in southern British Columbia and Saskatchewan southward through western US and the Great Plains (eastward to eastern Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma) to southern Baja California and northern Mexico, southward to central Sinaloa and Durango, southern San Luis Potosí, adjacent Guanajuato, and southward to Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689735","compoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compoo","avibase-D621FFC6",null,null,"Eastern side of the Upper Missouri, i.e. between Fort Pierre and mouth of the Cheyenne River, South Dakota.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/510/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Nuttallii"],["5552","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii","(Audubon, 1844)","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.350 pl.495",null,null,null,null,null,"southern British Columbia to western USA and northern Mexico; winters to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51F5C31E",null,null,"Eastern side of the Upper Missouri, i.e. between Fort Pierre and mouth of the Cheyenne River, South Dakota.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/510/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Nuttallii"],["5553","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii californicus","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.558,note",null,null,null,null,null,"California (west of the Sierra Nevada) to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4AC9896",null,null,"Nicasio and Calaveras County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/610/mode/1up","Phalaenoptilus nuttalli californicus"],["5554","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii hueyi","Dickey, 1928","The Condor 30, no.2 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Colorado River of California; northern Baja California and southwestern Arizona",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7950F8F6",null,null,"Bard, Imperial County, California.","A new Poor-Will from the Colorado River Valley.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol30/iss2/7/","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii hueyi"],["5555","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii dickeyi","Grinnell, 1928","The Condor 30, no.2 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California (south of latitude 30°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA97CDBE",null,null,"San Ignacio, lat. 27° N., Lower California.","Notes on the systematics of West American Birds, II.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol30/iss2/8/","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii dickeyi"],["5556","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii adustus","Van Rossem, 1941","The Condor 43, no.5 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arizona (USA) and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA1786F0",null,null,"Bates Well, Pima County, Arizona, 1500 feet","A Race of the Poor-will from Sonora","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol43/iss5/11/","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii adustus"],["5557","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii centralis","Moore, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53392582",null,null,"Puerta de Guadalupe, 5 miles west of Ibarra, Guanajuato, Mexico, alt. about 7200 feet","Two new Owls, a Swift and a Poorwill from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/154/mode/1up","Phalaenoptilus nuttallii centralis"],["5558","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus carolinensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 7).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/20/mode/1up","Antrostomus"],["5559","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus noctitherus","(Wetmore, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.235","Puerto Rican Nightjar","Puerto Rican Nightjar","Puerto Rican Nightjar",null,null,"dry lowland forest of southwestern Puerto Rico",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689809","purnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purnig1","avibase-56DB04E7",null,null,"Puerto Rico, type from Bayamón.","Description of a Whippoorwill from Porto Rico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/271/mode/1up","Setochalcis noctitherus"],["5560","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus saturatus","Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.203","Dusky Nightjar","Dusky Nightjar","Dusky Nightjar",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689813","dusnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusnig1","avibase-67D59645",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/261/mode/1up","Antrostomus saturatus"],["5561","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus vociferus","(Wilson, 1812)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 5 p.71 pl.41 fig.1,2,3","Eastern Whip-poor-will","Eastern Whip-poor-will","Eastern Whip-poor-will",null,null,"breeds southern Canada and eastern USA; winters to Cuba and western Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736393","easwpw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easwpw1","avibase-1A09655B",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175520#page/85/mode/1up","Caprimulgus vociferus"],["5562","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus arizonae","Brewster, 1881","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 6 p.69","Mexican Whip-poor-will","Mexican Whip-poor-will","Mexican Whip-poor-will",null,null,"breeds montane forest of southeastern California to southwestern Texas (southwestern USA) southward through Mexico including southern Baja California to southern Honduras; withdraws mostly south of USA in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736398","souwpw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souwpw1","avibase-CED2468C",null,null,"Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69165#page/83/mode/1up","Antrostomus vociferus arizonae"],["5563","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus arizonae arizonae","Brewster, 1881","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 6 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DDFF14B",null,null,"Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69165#page/83/mode/1up","Antrostomus vociferus arizonae"],["5564","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus arizonae setosus","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEC1FBE4",null,null,"Galindo, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. B. Notes on some types of Mexican and Central American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/454/mode/1up","Caprimulgus vociferus setosus"],["5565","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus arizonae oaxacae","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E3D4A05",null,null,"Near city of Oaxaca, Oaxaca.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Antrostomus oaxacae"],["5566","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus arizonae chiapensis","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico and highlands of Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4E7B164",null,null,"Valley of Comitan, Chiapas.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Antrostomus chiapensis"],["5567","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus arizonae vermiculatus","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Honduras and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F1612CD",null,null,"Los Esesmiles, 7500 feet, Dept. of Chalatenango, El Salvador.","Further descriptions of new Birds from El Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/176/mode/1up","Antrostomus vociferus vermiculatus"],["5568","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus ridgwayi","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.50","Buff-collared Nightjar","Buff-collared Nightjar","Buff-collared Nightjar",null,null,"rocky arid areas from lowlands to mountains of southeastern Arizona (southwestern USA) south on Pacific slope to western Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica (where rare)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689801","bucnig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucnig","avibase-C0F335B7",null,null,"Tlalkisala, Guerrero.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Antrostomus ridgwayi"],["5569","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus ridgwayi ridgwayi","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona and western Mexico (Sonora to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27CE1D58",null,null,"Tlalkisala, Guerrero.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Antrostomus ridgwayi"],["5570","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus ridgwayi troglodytes","(Griscom, 1930)","The Auk 47, no.1 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"central Guatemala to Honduras and central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5767FF9",null,null,"Pepper Ranch, 7 miles N, 32 miles E of Folsom, Union County, New Mexico","New Name For Caprimulgus Ridgwayi Minor","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol47/iss1/40/","Caprimulgus ridgwayi troglodytes"],["5571","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus salvini","(Hartert, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.287","Tawny-collared Nightjar","Tawny-collared Nightjar","Tawny-collared Nightjar",null,null,"tropical eastern Mexico (Nuevo León to Oaxaca and Chiapas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689792","tacnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacnig1","avibase-100B2E32",null,null,"No type or type locality specified. Mirador, Vera Cruz is accepted as the type locality.)","Notes on the Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/319/mode/1up","Caprimulgus salvini"],["5572","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus badius","Bangs & Peck, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.44","Yucatan Nightjar","Yucatan Nightjar","Yucatan Nightjar",null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel; winters to Belize and northern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689795","yucnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yucnig1","avibase-0D4BB435",null,null,"Toledo district, British Honduras.","On some rare and new birds from British Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/78/mode/1up","Antrostomus badius"],["5573","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus sericocaudatus","Cassin, 1849","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.11 p.238","Silky-tailed Nightjar","Silky-tailed Nightjar","Silky-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"tropical rainforest and scrubby forest borders in the Amazon basin in eastern Peru and far southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia and eastward in Brazil, south of the Amazon River, to eastern Pará, adjacent Maranhão, and western Tocantins, and in northwestern Mato Grosso, Rondônia and adjacent northeastern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil from southern São Paulo southwestward to Santa Catarina, adjacent Rio Grande do Sul, far northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689798","sitnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sitnig1","avibase-2FEC9A38",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/270/mode/1up","Antrostomus serico-caudatus"],["5574","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus sericocaudatus mengeli","(Dickerman, 1975)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 95 p.19 [18-19]",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru to northwestern Bolivia and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EF404C5",null,null,"59 km. east of Pucallpa, Dept. Loreto, Peru","New subspecies of Caprimulgus sericocaudatus from the Amazon River Basin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/469/mode/1up","Caprimulgus sericocaudatus mengeli"],["5575","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus sericocaudatus sericocaudatus","Cassin, 1849","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.11 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E2D382",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/270/mode/1up","Antrostomus serico-caudatus"],["5576","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus rufus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.46","Rufous Nightjar","Rufous Nightjar","Rufous Nightjar",null,null,"dry to humid forest, woodland and scrub from southwestern Costa Rica eastward to northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles); in Venezuela also the Orinoco basin southwestward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, eastward to northern Guianas, and southward to northern Brazil; widespread in Brazil in the Amazon basin, interior Brazil, and the Atlantic Forest, southward to northern and eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northwestern and northeastern Argentina, where seasonal; also locally in the foothills of the Andes of southeasternmost Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689781","rufnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufnig1","avibase-F331D204",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 735.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/68/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rufus"],["5577","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus rufus minimus","(Griscom & Greenway, 1937)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 81, no.2 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Costa Rica and Panama (including Coiba) to Colombia and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-525648B8",null,null,"Panama City, Panama.","Critical notes on new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21291#page/438/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rufus minimus"],["5578","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus rufus rufus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F1E7A9E",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 735.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/68/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rufus"],["5579","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus rufus otiosus","Bangs, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE152A75",null,null,"St. Lucia, West Indies.","Descriptions of new American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/218/mode/1up","Antrostomus rufus otiosus"],["5580","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus rufus rutilus","Burmeister, 1856","Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens, welche während einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraës gesammelt oder beobachtet wurden 2 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil and eastern Bolivia to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4E61FDE",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to southeastern Brazil by Griscom and Greenway, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48291#page/413/mode/1up","Antrostomus rutilus"],["5581","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus carolinensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1028","Chuck-will's-widow","Chuck-will's-widow","Chuck-will's-widow",null,null,"breeds eastern USA; winters southeastern USA to Greater Antilles and northern South America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689778","chwwid","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwwid","avibase-8D3E8871",null,null,"Virginia and Carolina = South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/529/mode/1up","Caprimulgus carolinensis"],["5582","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus ekmani","Lönnberg, 1929","Arkiv för Zoologi 20B no.6 p.1 fig.1","Hispaniolan Nightjar","Hispaniolan Nightjar","Hispaniolan Nightjar","2025-0520","Taxon <em>ekmani </em>is split from <em>Antrostomus cubanensis</em> based on vocal differences between the two taxa (Garrido &amp; Reynard 1998).","Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729176","granig3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/granig3","avibase-592DBE50",null,null,"Near Jeremie, Haiti.","A new Nightjar from Haiti.",null,"Antrostomus ekmani"],["5583","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus cubanensis","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.260","Cuban Nightjar","Cuban Nightjar","Cuban Nightjar","2025-0520","Taxon <em>ekmani </em>is split from <em>Antrostomus cubanensis</em> based on vocal differences between the two taxa (Garrido &amp; Reynard 1998).","forest and scrub in lowlands and hills of Cuba and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689786","granig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/granig2","avibase-A89EA38B",null,null,"Cienega de Zapata and coast of Manzanillo, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/280/mode/1up","Antrostomus Cubanensis"],["5584","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus cubanensis cubanensis","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E38186E3",null,null,"Cienega de Zapata and coast of Manzanillo, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/280/mode/1up","Antrostomus Cubanensis"],["5585","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Antrostomus cubanensis insulaepinorum","(Garrido, 1983)","The Auk 100, no.4 p.989-991",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de la Juventud and Cayo Coco (off north-central Cuba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F35349E5",null,null,"on the road between Cabo Pepe and Cocodrilo, southern part of Isle of Pines, Cuba","A New Subspecies of Caprimulgus Cubanensis (Aves: Caprimulgidae) from the Isle of Pines, Cuba","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol100/iss4/27/","Caprimulgus cubanensis insulaepinorum"],["5586","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus virginianus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Caprimulgus minor J.R. Forster, 1771",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/670/mode/1up","Chordeiles"],["5587","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles nacunda","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.240","Nacunda Nighthawk","Nacunda Nighthawk","Nacunda Nighthawk",null,null,"open areas and savanna from Trinidad and Tobago, northern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to northern Bolivia and southward in the Chaco of eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina, also southward seasonally to the foothills of the Andes in northwestern Argentina; in eastern and interior Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará southward to Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina; also seasonal to northern Colombia and to the Cauca and Magdalena valleys",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689723","nacnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nacnig1","avibase-6E297C5B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/256/mode/1up","Caprimulgus nacunda"],["5588","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles nacunda coryi","Agne & Pacheco, 2011","Revista Brasileria de Ornitologia 19 no.1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-062034B3",null,null,"Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Brazil.","Um novo nome para Chordeiles nacunda minor (Cory, 1915)","http://www.revbrasilornitol.com.br/BJO/article/view/4209/pdf_716","Chordeiles nacunda coryi"],["5589","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles nacunda nacunda","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and Brazil south of the Amazon River to Paraguay and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A202C5B2",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/256/mode/1up","Caprimulgus nacunda"],["5590","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles pusillus","Gould, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.182","Least Nighthawk","Least Nighthawk","Least Nighthawk",null,null,"open savanna, Caatinga, grasslands with scattered trees and scrub in the Sipaliwini savanna of southern Suriname, and in the Orinoco basin in eastern and southern Venezuela and western Guyana southwestward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia and southward to northernmost Brazil (Roraima); also in northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River, southward across interior and eastern Brazil to southern Minas Gerais, Goiás, and Mato Grosso, far northeastern Argentina and western Rio Grande do Sul, and west to Rondônia and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689701","leanig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leanig1","avibase-897A81B0",null,null,"'Supposed to be from Bahia'; the type is a Bahia trade skin.","Description of a New Species of the Family Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/256/mode/1up","Chordeiles ? pusillus"],["5591","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles pusillus septentrionalis","(Hellmayr, 1908)","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.1 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5573A1EE",null,null,"Maipures, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","An account of the birds collected by Mons. G. A. Baer in the State of Goyaz, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/94/mode/1up","Nannochordeiles pusillus septentrionalis"],["5592","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles pusillus esmeraldae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1338 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and far northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19F122C3",null,null,"Esmeralda, Mt. Duida, Venezuela","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5153/","Chordeiles pusillus esmeraldae"],["5593","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles pusillus xerophilus","Dickerman, 1988","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108 p.123 [120-125]",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Brazil (Paraíba and Pernambuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79601D75",null,null,"Santa Luiza, Paraíba, Brazil","A review of the Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/391/mode/1up","Chordeiles pusillus xerophilus"],["5594","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles pusillus novaesi","Dickerman, 1988","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108 p.124 [120-125]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44B7BC87",null,null,"Flores, State of Maranhão, Brazil","A review of the Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/392/mode/1up","Chordeiles pusillus novaesi"],["5595","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles pusillus saturatus","Pinto & Camargo, 1957","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 13 p.56 [51-69]",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Bolivia and west-central Brazil (southeastern Amazonas, southwestern Pará, and western Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7274A9CA",null,null,"Dois machos de Xavantina (Rio das Mortes, Estado de Mato-Grosso), localidad edistante de Cachimbo apenas 600 quilômetros [Two males from Xavantina (Rio das Mortes, State of Mato-Grosso), a town just 600 kilometers from Cachimbo]","Sobre uma coleção de aves da Região de Cachimbo (Sul de Estado do Pará).","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208621","Chordeiles pusillus saturatus"],["5596","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles pusillus pusillus","Gould, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Tocantins, Bahia, and Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7985B35F",null,null,"'Supposed to be from Bahia'; the type is a Bahia trade skin.","Description of a New Species of the Family Caprimulgidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/256/mode/1up","Chordeiles ? pusillus"],["5597","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles rupestris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.2, pl.2","Sand-colored Nighthawk","Sand-colored Nighthawk","Sand-colored Nighthawk",null,null,"riverbanks, river islands, flooded forest and oxbow lakes mostly along major rivers in the Amazon basin from southwestern Venezuela southward to southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to central-eastern Pará and western Tocantins",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729172","sacnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacnig1","avibase-18D14B20",null,null,"Rocky islands in the Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/16/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rupestris"],["5598","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles rupestris xyostictus","Oberholser, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 86, pt.6 p.23,116",null,null,null,null,null,"sandbars and river banks of central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DE93501",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","A monograph of the genus Chordeiles Swainson, type of a new family of goatsuckers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33265#page/37/mode/1up","Chordeiles rupestris xyostictus"],["5599","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles rupestris rupestris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.2, pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, central Brazil, northeastern Peru, and central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14B2ED79",null,null,"Rocky islands in the Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/16/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rupestris"],["5600","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.230","Lesser Nighthawk","Lesser Nighthawk","Lesser Nighthawk",null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to western Peru and far northern Chile; northern populations winter to northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689711","lesnig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesnig","avibase-9690689D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/250/mode/1up","Caprimulgus acutipennis"],["5601","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis texensis","Lawrence, 1856","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to central Mexico; winters to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F75AA0AD",null,null,"Texas; restricted to Ringgold Barracks, near Rio Grande City, by Oberholser, antea, p. 104.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Chordeiles Swainson and Polioptila Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/191/mode/1up","Chordeiles texensis"],["5602","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis littoralis","Brodkorb, 1940","The Auk 57, no.4 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FF09790",null,null,"Arriaga, Chiapas, Mexico","New Birds from southern Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss4/10/","Chordeiles acutipennis littoralis"],["5603","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis micromeris","Oberholser, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 86, pt.6 p.24,100",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Yucatan Peninsula including Isla Mujeres and Belize; winters to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99A695E0",null,null,"Xbac, Yucatan","A monograph of the genus Chordeiles Swainson, type of a new family of goatsuckers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33265#page/38/mode/1up","Chordeiles acutipennis micromeris"],["5604","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis acutipennis","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern South America to northern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0729AEB",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/250/mode/1up","Caprimulgus acutipennis"],["5605","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis crissalis","Miller, 1959","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72 p.155-157",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6687936E",null,null,"Five kilometers north of Villavieja, Huila, Colombia, elev. 1400 feet","A new race of nighthawk from the Upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/169/mode/1up","Chordeiles acutipennis crissalis"],["5606","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis aequatorialis","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia, western Ecuador, and adjacent northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F65E18",null,null,"Duran, Prov. of Guayas, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Chordeiles acutipennis aequatorialis"],["5607","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles acutipennis exilis","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"western Peru to far northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFEACE0E",null,null,"Chile, error = Callao, Peru.","Oiseaux inédits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/52/mode/1up","Caprimulgus exilis"],["5608","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles gundlachii","Lawrence, 1856","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.165","Antillean Nighthawk","Antillean Nighthawk","Antillean Nighthawk",null,null,"breeds Florida Keys and throughout the West Indies; wintering range poorly known, with records mainly from northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689717","antnig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antnig","avibase-E025D440",null,null,"Cuba.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Chordeiles Swainson and Polioptila Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/189/mode/1up","Chordeiles gundlachii"],["5609","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor","(Forster, 1771)","A catalogue of the animals of North America. Containing, an enumeration of the known quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fish, insects, crustaceous and testaceous animals; many of which are new, and never described before p.13","Common Nighthawk","Common Nighthawk","Common Nighthawk",null,null,"breeds central and southern Canada to Panama; winters to southern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689714","comnig","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comnig","avibase-24E39ACD",null,null,"No locality = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55547#page/21/mode/1up","Caprimulgus minor"],["5610","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor minor","(Forster, 1771)","A catalogue of the animals of North America. Containing, an enumeration of the known quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fish, insects, crustaceous and testaceous animals; many of which are new, and never described before p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern Canada to northern and northeastern USA; winters to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D383AEE",null,null,"No locality = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55547#page/21/mode/1up","Caprimulgus minor"],["5611","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor hesperis","Grinnell, 1905","The Condor 7, no.6 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada and western USA; winters northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED5996EC",null,null,"Bear Lake, 6700 feet, San Bernadino Mountains, California.","The Pacific Nighthawk.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol7/iss6/4/","Chordeiles virginianus hesperis"],["5612","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor sennetti","Coues, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Canada and north-central USA; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D98C670",null,null,"50 miles west of Pembina, Minn.","New forms of North American Chordiles.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/7/","Chordiles popetue sennetti"],["5613","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor howelli","Oberholser, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 86, pt.6 p.25,57",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds west-central and south-central USA; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-121A911F",null,null,"Lipscomb, Texas.","A monograph of the genus Chordeiles Swainson, type of a new family of goatsuckers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33265#page/39/mode/1up","Chordeiles virginianus howelli"],["5614","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor henryi","Cassin, 1855","Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA and north-central Mexico; winters to Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC38A10B",null,null,"Fort Webster, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87221#page/333/mode/1up","Chordeiles Henryi"],["5615","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor aserriensis","Cherrie, 1896","The Auk 13, no.2 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central USA to far northern Mexico (northern Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCF2764B",null,null,"Valley of the Aserri River, San Jose, Costa Rica.","An apparently new Chordeiles from Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol13/iss2/6/","Chordeiles virginianus aserriensis"],["5616","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor chapmani","Coues, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern USA; winters to Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF882999",null,null,"Gainesville, Florida.","New forms of North American Chordiles.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/7/","Chordiles popetue chapmani"],["5617","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor neotropicalis","Selander & Álvarez del Toro, 1955","The Condor 57, no.3 p.144-147",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern and southern Mexico (Tamaulipas southward to central Guerrero and Chiapas); winter range undocumented, presumably Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-432F6EBB",null,null,"Rancho Meyapac, four miles north of Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, Mexico, elev. 1050 m","A New Race of Booming Nighthawk from Southern Mexico","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol57/iss3/3/","Chordeiles minor neotropicalis"],["5618","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Chordeiles minor panamensis","Eisenmann, 1962","American Museum Novitates no.2094 p.1-24",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Honduras, Belize and Nicaragua to Panama; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64456AE3",null,null,"Cerro Campana, Panama (2500 ft.)","Notes on nighthawks of the genus Chordeiles in southern Middle America, with a description of a new race of Chordeiles minor breeding in Panamá.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3398/","Chordeiles minor panamensis"],["5619","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Veles","Bangs, 1918","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.91,92.",null,null,null,"2025-0524","In the absence of genetic data the morphologically distinct taxon <em>binotatus </em>(Holyoak 2001; Cleere 2010) is retained in the monotypic genus <em>Veles</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus binotatus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/101/mode/1up","Veles"],["5620","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Veles binotatus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.60","Brown Nightjar","Brown Nightjar","Brown Nightjar",null,null,"locally from Liberia to northern Gabon and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689871","bronig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bronig1","avibase-BBC51216",null,null,"Borneo, error = Ashanti, type ! from Dabocrom, Gold Coast fide Hartlaub, Orn. Westafr., p. 22.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/112/mode/1up","Caprimulgus binotatus"],["5621","genus","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus europaeus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/213/mode/1up","Caprimulgus"],["5622","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus vexillarius","(Gould, 1838)","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.2 pl.13,text","Pennant-winged Nightjar","Pennant-winged Nightjar","Pennant-winged Nightjar",null,null,"brachystegia woodland of southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690025","pewnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pewnig1","avibase-A526534E",null,null,"Islands between Bourbon and Madagascar; numerous on the shores of the Red Sea and in the Island of Scutra [i.e. Socotra], error = Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/63/mode/1up","Semeïophorus (Macrodypteryx?) vexillarius"],["5623","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus longipennis","Shaw, 1796","The naturalist's miscellany 8, no.4 pl.265","Standard-winged Nightjar","Standard-winged Nightjar","Standard-winged Nightjar",null,null,"in breeding season from Senegambia to Liberia, eastward to southwestern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Uganda (present during the season in southern portion of this region, but breeding there not confirmed); winters north and east from southern Mauritania and northern Sengeal eastward to central Chad, southern Sudan, eastern South Sudan, central Uganda, Eritrea, western Ethiopia, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690021","stwnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stwnig1","avibase-D36F4D98",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124619#page/67/mode/1up","Caprimulgus longipennis"],["5624","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus ruficollis","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.438","Red-necked Nightjar","Red-necked Nightjar","Red-necked Nightjar",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, pine woodland, open scrub, thickets, and semi-desert, from Spain and Portugal southward to northern Morocco and eastward to northern Tunisia; winters in western Africa from Morocco southward to Senegambia, and eastward to Mali",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689875","rennig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rennig1","avibase-6CC3D04B",null,null,"Algeciras, Spain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/566/mode/1up","Caprimulgus ruficollis"],["5625","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus ruficollis ruficollis","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-162BD7E5",null,null,"Algeciras, Spain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/566/mode/1up","Caprimulgus ruficollis"],["5626","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum","Erlanger, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.4 p.521 pl.11 f.",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Morocco, northern Algeria, and northern Tunisia; winters mainly in Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EFA311F",null,null,"Tunisia; no holotype designated ; the specimen figured is from Djebel el Meda, near Gabes.","Beiträge zur Avifauna Tunesiens. (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1899 S. 374.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/531/mode/1up","Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum"],["5627","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus indicus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.588","Jungle Nightjar","Jungle Nightjar","Jungle Nightjar",null,null,"forest and wooded habitats across India from Haryana and Gujarat eastward to southern West Bengal, and southward in Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725692","grynig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grynig2","avibase-5FF16559",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/128/mode/1up","Caprimulgus indicus"],["5628","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus indicus indicus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.588",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India south of the Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22F9883B",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/128/mode/1up","Caprimulgus indicus"],["5629","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus indicus kelaarti","Blyth, 1851","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3623D93",null,null,"Ceylon.","Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/223/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Kelaarti"],["5630","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus jotaka","Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.37 pl.13","Grey Nightjar","Gray Nightjar","Grey Nightjar",null,null,"foothill to montane open scrub, open forest, and at treeline in mountains, from northeastern Pakistan and northwestern India eastward through the Himalayas to southern China, northward to southern Siberia, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), and southward to northern Thailand; northern and montane populations winter to Greater Sundas and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725702","grynig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grynig1","avibase-7A2734EB",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/47/mode/1up","Caprimulgus jotaka"],["5631","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus jotaka jotaka","Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.37 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to eastern China, Japan, and Korea; winters to Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E011F046",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/47/mode/1up","Caprimulgus jotaka"],["5632","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus jotaka hazarae","Whistler, 1935","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan to Bangladesh, southern China, Myanmar, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FEC9993",null,null,"Abbottabad, Hazara, Himalayas.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part XI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183165#page/95/mode/1up","Caprimulgus indicus hazarae"],["5633","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus phalaena","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.91","Palau Nightjar","Palau Nightjar","Palau Nightjar",null,null,"Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726346","palnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palnig1","avibase-625076EF",null,null,"Palau Islands.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/121/mode/1up","Caprimulgus phalaena"],["5634","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus europaeus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.193","European Nightjar","Eurasian Nightjar","European Nightjar","2025-0521","<em>Caprimulgus centralasicus</em> is a synonym of <em>C. europaeus</em> based on genetic analysis of the holotype (and sole specimen) (Schweizer et al. 2020a). It probably represents an example of subspecies <em>plumipes </em>but cannot be assigned with confidence based on available morphological and genetic data.","breeds British Isles, Iberian Peninsula, and northwestern Africa through southern Fennoscandia, Türkiye, and Afghanistan to Mongolia and southern Russia; winters mainly eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689887","eurnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurnig1","avibase-80D4B0FE",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fauna Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/213/mode/1up","Caprimulgus europaeus"],["5635","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and central Europe to northern Asia and Lake Baikal area; winters to Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26F25C6E",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fauna Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/213/mode/1up","Caprimulgus europaeus"],["5636","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis","Hartert, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.7 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean basin to northwestern Iran and Caspian Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-683AD9B3",null,null,"Southern Europe and northwestern Africa; type from Parnassus, Greece.","Notes on some Species of the Families Cypselidae, Caprimulgidae, and Podargidae, with Remarks on Subspecific Forms and their Nomenclature.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/416/mode/1up","Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis"],["5637","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus europaeus sarudnyi","Hartert, 1912","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.849",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern side of Caspian Sea (Kazakhstan) to Altai Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8626FD08",null,null,"Tarbagatai Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/53/mode/1up","Caprimulgus europaeus sarudnyi"],["5638","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus europaeus unwini","Hume, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"Iraq and Iran to western Tian Shan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9957E06E",null,null,"Agrore Valley and the neighborhood of Abbottabad. The specimens listed as types in the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. are from the former locality.","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/448/mode/1up","Caprimulgus unwini"],["5639","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus europaeus plumipes","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern China to western Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77533CAC",null,null,"Northern bend of the Huang Ho.",null,null,"Caprimulgus plumipes"],["5640","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus europaeus dementievi","Stegmann, 1949","Okhrana Prirody 6 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mongolia and southern Transbaikalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD6EAA83",null,null,"Lac Orok-Nor, Mongolie","Geographical variation in the nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus L. [In Russian].",null,"Caprimulgus europaeus dementievi"],["5641","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus fraenatus","Salvadori, 1884","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.21 p.118","Sombre Nightjar","Sombre Nightjar","Sombre Nightjar",null,null,"Ethiopia to northwestern Somalia, southwestern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689893","somnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somnig1","avibase-E93A0F33",null,null,"Daimbi, Shoa, N.E. Africa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94438#page/124/mode/1up","Caprimulgus fraenatus"],["5642","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus rufigena","Smith, 1845","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.22 pl.100,text","Rufous-cheeked Nightjar","Rufous-cheeked Nightjar","Rufous-cheeked Nightjar",null,null,"lowland and foothill wooded savanna, miombo woodland, acacia thornscrub, and semi-desert, breeding from central Angola eastward to Zimbabwe, and southward through eastern Namibia and Botswana to southern South Africa; entire population migrates toward western equatorial Africa, wintering mostly in Cameroon and Nigeria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689898","rucnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucnig1","avibase-05E2FB2A",null,null,"Eastern districts of Cape Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/435/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rufigena"],["5643","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus rufigena damarensis","Strickland, 1853","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Angola to Namibia, Botswana, and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDFA606D",null,null,"Damaraland, S.W. Africa [=Namibia]","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/193/mode/1up","Caprimulgus damarensis"],["5644","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus rufigena rufigena","Smith, 1845","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.22 pl.100,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and southern Zambia to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC15EF08",null,null,"Eastern districts of Cape Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/435/mode/1up","Caprimulgus rufigena"],["5645","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus aegyptius","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.59","Egyptian Nightjar","Egyptian Nightjar","Egyptian Nightjar",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill desert and semi-desert from Morocco to Tunisia, and in Nile Valley (Egypt), and from northern Arabian Peninsula and Iraq northeastward to central Kazakhstan and far western Pakistan; winters in the African Sahel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689902","egynig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/egynig1","avibase-2F7F0244",null,null,"Upper Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/79/mode/1up","Caprimulgus aegyptius"],["5646","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae","Erlanger, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.4 p.525 pl.12 f.",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Morocco to Nile Delta; winters in western Sahel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88D10AE2",null,null,"Oued Beshima, Tunisia.","Beiträge zur Avifauna Tunesiens. (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1899 S. 374.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/535/mode/1up","Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae"],["5647","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus aegyptius aegyptius","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Egypt and Arabia to western China, western Pakistan, and southeastern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB8CF168",null,null,"Upper Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/79/mode/1up","Caprimulgus aegyptius"],["5648","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus nubicus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.59","Nubian Nightjar","Nubian Nightjar","Nubian Nightjar",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill dry and sparsely vegetated wadis, acacia thickets, desert thornscrub, and coastal dunes with scrub, in Dead Sea depression of Israel and Jordan, western Arabian Peninsula, Nile Valley from southeastern Egypt southward to central Sudan, from Eritrea and central Ethiopia eastward to northern Somalia, Socotra, and from southern Ethiopia southward to southern Kenya; Arabian population partially migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689912","nubnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nubnig1","avibase-626D56E4",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/79/mode/1up","Caprimulgus nubicus"],["5649","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus nubicus tamaricis","Tristram, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.170,430",null,null,null,null,null,"Israel to Jordan, southwestern Saudi Arabia, and Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D39EF07",null,null,"Dead Sea depression, Palestine.","[On two new species of birds from Palestine].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/224/mode/1up","Caprimulgus tamaricis"],["5650","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus nubicus nubicus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B731503",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/79/mode/1up","Caprimulgus nubicus"],["5651","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus nubicus torridus","Lort Phillips, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ethiopia to Somalia, Kenya, and northeastern Uganda; also Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1043DADA",null,null,"Eyk, Haud Plateau, Somaliland.","[Description of two new species of birds from Somaliland].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/543/mode/1up","Caprimulgus torridus"],["5652","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus mahrattensis","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.83","Sykes's Nightjar","Sykes's Nightjar","Sykes's Nightjar",null,null,"southeastern Iran to southern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689906","syknig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/syknig1","avibase-C727BD31",null,null,"Mahrattas.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/287/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Mahrattensis"],["5653","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus eximius","Temminck, 1826","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.67, vol.4 pl.398","Golden Nightjar","Golden Nightjar","Golden Nightjar",null,null,"lowland to foothill rocky hills, semi-desert with grass and scrub, and fallow cultivation, from southern Mauritania and northern Senegal eastward across the Sahel to central and southern Sudan; local post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689916","golnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golnig1","avibase-589694DD",null,null,"Sennar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/399/mode/1up","Caprimulgus eximius"],["5654","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus eximius simplicior","Hartert, 1921","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and northern Senegal to central Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E214211",null,null,"Zinder and Damergu, French West Africa; type from Zinder.","Captain Angus Buchanan's Aïr Expedition. IV. The birds collected by Capt. Angus Buchanan during his journey from Kano to Aïr or Asben.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/125/mode/1up","Caprimulgus eximius simplicior"],["5655","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus eximius eximius","Temminck, 1826","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.67, vol.4 pl.398",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-273D5C21",null,null,"Sennar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/399/mode/1up","Caprimulgus eximius"],["5656","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus macrurus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.142","Large-tailed Nightjar","Large-tailed Nightjar","Large-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, scrub, bamboo thickets, savanna, and villages, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan), and northern Vietnam, southward to eastern India, Greater Sundas, Palawan (southwestern Philippines), and eastward to New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and northeastern Australia; some northern populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725708","latnig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latnig2","avibase-04DDADF0",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/161/mode/1up","Caprimulgus macrurus"],["5657","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus macrurus albonotatus","Tickell, 1833","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.580",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of Himalayas eastward from northeastern Pakistan (to Bhutan and northeastern India), southward to eastern India and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87358610",null,null,"Dampara, Dholbhum, Bengal.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/638/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Albonotatus"],["5658","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus macrurus bimaculatus","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern India (southward to Nagaland and Mizoram) eastward to southern China (southern Yunnan and Hainan), and southward through southeastern Asia to Sumatra, including Riau Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77FEF531",null,null,"Singapore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/190/mode/1up","Caprimulgus bimaculatus"],["5659","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus macrurus macrurus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E163463C",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/161/mode/1up","Caprimulgus macrurus"],["5660","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus macrurus salvadorii","Sharpe, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.99 pl.22 f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo including Labuan and Banggi islands (off northeastern Borneo), and southern Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54211ABA",null,null,"Labuan Island, Borneo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/169/mode/1up","Caprimulgus salvadorii"],["5661","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus macrurus johnsoni","Deignan, 1955","The Sarawak Museum Journal 6 p.314-315",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Palawan group)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED18464E",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, Philippine Islands","The Long-tailed Nightjars of North Borneo and Palawan.",null,"Caprimulgus macrurus johnsoni"],["5662","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus macrurus schlegelii","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"Wallacea, New Guinea, coastal northeastern Australia (northern Northern Territory to southeastern Queensland), and New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E466BB0",null,null,"near Andei in New Guinea, at the foot of the Arfaq Mountains, and another near Kordo, on the island of Mysore",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/239/mode/1up","Caprimulgus schlegelii"],["5663","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus ritae","King, Sangster, Trainor et al., 2024","Ibis vol.166, no.4 p.1241-1263","Timor Nightjar","Timor Nightjar",null,"2025-1220","<em>Caprimulgus ritae</em> (Timor Nightjar) is recognized as a new species based on differences in vocalizations and morphology, supported by mitochondrial DNA data, following King et al. (2024).","Timor, Rote, and Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"timnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timnig1","avibase-B408927B",null,null,"Collected by C. Schädler on Wetar, Indonesia, on 7 March 1898","A new species of nightjar (Caprimulgus) from Timor and Wetar, Lesser Sunda Islands, Wallacea","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.13340","Caprimulgus ritae"],["5664","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus andamanicus","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.470","Andaman Nightjar","Andaman Nightjar","Andaman Nightjar",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725716","andnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andnig1","avibase-74E9F29B",null,null,"Jolly Boys Island, Andaman Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/498/mode/1up","Caprimulgus andamanicus"],["5665","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus meesi","Sangster & Rozendaal, 2004","Zoologische Verhandelingen 350 7-45","Mees's Nightjar","Mees's Nightjar","Mees's Nightjar",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumba and Flores)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732941","meenig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meenig1","avibase-9ECE1498",null,null,"Nisar, Flores, 8 47’S, 119 58’E","Systematic notes on Asian birds. 41.Territorial songs and species-level taxonomy of nightjars of theCaprimulgus macrurus complex, with the description of a new species","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/215553","Caprimulgus meesi"],["5666","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus atripennis","Jerdon, 1845","Illustrations of Indian ornithology, containing fifty figures of new, unfigured and interesting species of birds, chiefly from the south of India pl.24","Jerdon's Nightjar","Jerdon's Nightjar","Jerdon's Nightjar",null,null,"southern and eastern Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689931","jernig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jernig1","avibase-FAFED39C",null,null,"Eastern Ghats to west of Nellore.",null,null,"Caprimulgus atripennis"],["5667","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus atripennis atripennis","Jerdon, 1845","Illustrations of Indian ornithology, containing fifty figures of new, unfigured and interesting species of birds, chiefly from the south of India pl.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India (Western and Eastern Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-550356FC",null,null,"Eastern Ghats to west of Nellore.",null,null,"Caprimulgus atripennis"],["5668","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus atripennis aequabilis","Ripley, 1945","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 65 p.40 [40-41]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68FC236B",null,null,"Trincomalee, ne Ceylon","A new race of nightjar from Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125662#page/64/mode/1up","Caprimulgus macrurus aequabilis"],["5669","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus manillensis","Walden, 1875","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.2 p.159","Philippine Nightjar","Philippine Nightjar","Philippine Nightjar",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689934","phinig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phinig1","avibase-9D246A37",null,null,"Manila.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/211/mode/1up","Caprimulgus manillensis"],["5670","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus celebensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.519","Sulawesi Nightjar","Sulawesi Nightjar","Sulawesi Nightjar",null,null,"Sulawesi including Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Buton (to southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689937","sulnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulnig1","avibase-4C81CF34",null,null,"Celebes.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part II. The Highlands of North Luzon, 5000 feet. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/555/mode/1up","Caprimulgus celebensis"],["5671","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus celebensis celebensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.519",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Buton Island (to southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86898665",null,null,"Celebes.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part II. The Highlands of North Luzon, 5000 feet. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/555/mode/1up","Caprimulgus celebensis"],["5672","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus celebensis jungei","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.92 [89-94]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu and Mangole)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D231EE94",null,null,"Taliaboe, Sula Islands","[A new species and eight new races from Peleng and Taliaboe.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/122/mode/1up","Caprimulgus macrurus jungei"],["5673","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus donaldsoni","Sharpe, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.29","Donaldson Smith's Nightjar","Donaldson Smith's Nightjar","Donaldson Smith's Nightjar",null,null,"northwestern and southern Somalia, eastern and southern Ethiopia, eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania; possibly also in southeastern South Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689940","dosnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dosnig1","avibase-D1D9B619",null,null,"Somaliland to the Galla country; type from Hargeissa.","New birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/255/mode/1up","Caprimulgus donaldsoni"],["5674","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pectoralis","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.376,note2","Fiery-necked Nightjar","Fiery-necked Nightjar","Fiery-necked Nightjar","2025-0522","Taxon <em>nigriscapularis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Caprimulgus pectoralis</em> due to overlap in vocalizations (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993) and morphometrics (Jackson 2013), and minimal plumage differences (Louette 1990). Limited genetic data confirm monophyly of this group, with <em>nigriscapularis </em>as the most divergent lineage (Han et al. 2010); due to limited genomic sampling and potential mitochondrial DNA introgression, further genetic studies are desirable.","widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa in lowland and foothill wooded savanna, miombo and mopane woodland, acacia scrub, and riparian thickets, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward (avoiding rainforest and arid southwestern Africa) to northern Namibia and southern South Africa; some southern populations migratory northward post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730097","finnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/finnig1","avibase-7E3578A2",null,null,"Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/418/mode/1up","Caprimulgus pectoralis"],["5675","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pectoralis nigriscapularis","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia east, patchily, to southern South Sudan, Uganda, far western Kenya, southwestern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB8E1D95",null,null,"Songa, west of Lake Albert.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/45/mode/1up","Caprimulgus nigriscapularis"],["5676","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pectoralis shelleyi","Bocage, 1878","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southeastern Kenya, and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527E4CD2",null,null,"Caconda, Angola",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/278/mode/1up","Caprimulgus shelleyi"],["5677","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pectoralis fervidus","Sharpe, 1875","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2, Pt2 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northeastern southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA5A1A28",null,null,"Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/130/mode/1up","Caprimulgus fervidus"],["5678","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pectoralis crepusculans","Clancey, 1994","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 114 p.51 [86-88]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe to Mozambique, Eswatini, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39943467",null,null,"On road to Charters Creek, near Hlabisa, Lake St. Lucia, eastern Zululand, sea level, 6 April 1979. Road casualty (ex Natal Parks Board).","The austral races of the Afrotropical Fiery-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus pectoralis Cuvier, 1816.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/373/mode/1up","Caprimulgus pectoralis crepusculans"],["5679","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pectoralis pectoralis","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.376,note2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (from western Northern Cape to KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4ED4B22",null,null,"Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/418/mode/1up","Caprimulgus pectoralis"],["5680","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus poliocephalus","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.106","Montane Nightjar","Montane Nightjar","Montane Nightjar","2025-0523","Taxon <em>ruwenzorii </em>is considered not specifically distinct from <em>Caprimulgus poliocephalus</em> based on vocal similarities (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993) and the absence of significant plumage and morphometric differences between the two (Louette 1990; Jackson 2014).","very patchy in foothill to montane forest, pine and juniper woodland, bamboo, grassland, and open scrubland, from southwestern Arabian Peninsula, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, southward through East Africa to northeastern Zambia and Malawi, and western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730103","monnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monnig1","avibase-FB96690D",null,null,"Kulla, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/186/mode/1up","Caprimulgus poliocephalus"],["5681","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus poliocephalus poliocephalus","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Saudi Arabia to Ethiopia, northeastern Uganda, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF9908ED",null,null,"Kulla, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/186/mode/1up","Caprimulgus poliocephalus"],["5682","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus poliocephalus ruwenzorii","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DD39E63",null,null,"Mubuku Valley, 9000 feet, Mt. Ruwenzori.","Description of two new species of birds collected by the Ruwenzori Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/466/mode/1up","Caprimulgus ruwenzorii"],["5683","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus poliocephalus guttifer","Grote, 1921","Journal für Ornithologie 69, no.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania to northern Malawi, northeastern Zambia; isolated population northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCC68120",null,null,"Mlalo, Tanganyika Territory [Usumbara, Tanzania].","Über eine Vogelsammlung aus West-Usambara.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43096#page/135/mode/1up","Caprimulgus pectoralis guttifer"],["5684","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus poliocephalus koesteri","Neumann, 1931","Journal für Ornithologie 79, no.4 p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB070549",null,null,"Lumbale, Bailundu, Benguella.","Beschreibungen neuer Vogelformen aus Afrika.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_79_1931_0547-0551.pdf#page=4","Caprimulgus koesteri"],["5685","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus asiaticus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.588","Indian Nightjar","Indian Nightjar","Indian Nightjar",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, scrub jungle, plantations, and gardens, from southeastern Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka eastward to northern Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689969","indnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indnig1","avibase-65D4C83B",null,null,"India, = Bombay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/128/mode/1up","Caprimulgus asiaticus"],["5686","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus asiaticus asiaticus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.588",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Pakistan and India eastward to western Myanmar, Thailand, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AE9EF67",null,null,"India, = Bombay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/128/mode/1up","Caprimulgus asiaticus"],["5687","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus asiaticus eidos","Peters, 1940","Check-list of birds of the world 4 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAE03CF1",null,null,"Vavuniya, northern Ceylon [=Sri Lanka].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50573#page/227/mode/1up","Caprimulgus asiaticus eidos"],["5688","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus madagascariensis","Sganzin, 1840","Mémoires de la Société du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Strasbourg 3 p.28","Madagascar Nightjar","Madagascar Nightjar","Madagascar Nightjar",null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles) and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689920","madnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madnig1","avibase-0F8EB10D",null,null,"Sainte Marie, Madagascar.","Notes sur les mammifères et sur l'ornithologie de l'île de Madagascar (1831 et 1832).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105918#page/142/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Madagascariensis"],["5689","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus madagascariensis aldabrensis","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1008 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23909760",null,null,"Aldabra Island [Seychelles].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/411/mode/1up","Caprimulgus aldabrensis"],["5690","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus madagascariensis madagascariensis","Sganzin, 1840","Mémoires de la Société du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Strasbourg 3 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar and Nosy Boraha",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC2A9C68",null,null,"Sainte Marie, Madagascar.","Notes sur les mammifères et sur l'ornithologie de l'île de Madagascar (1831 et 1832).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105918#page/142/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Madagascariensis"],["5691","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus natalensis","Smith, 1845","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.22 pl.99,text","Swamp Nightjar","Swamp Nightjar","Swamp Nightjar",null,null,"very patchy in lowland and foothill wet grassland adjacent to swamps, floodplain meadows, and bogs and dambos, from Gambia and Mali eastward to South Sudan and western Ethiopia, and southward through eastern Angola to southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689972","swanig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swanig1","avibase-52E6406E",null,null,"Port Natal, i.e. Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/431/mode/1up","Caprimulgus natalensis"],["5692","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus natalensis accrae","Shelley, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal north-central Sierra Leone to western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C2FAA83",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast Colony.","A few stray Notes on African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/417/mode/1up","Caprimulgus accrae"],["5693","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus natalensis natalensis","Smith, 1845","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.22 pl.99,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Gambia to Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, eastern Tanzania, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C42DB438",null,null,"Port Natal, i.e. Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/431/mode/1up","Caprimulgus natalensis"],["5694","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus inornatus","Heuglin, 1869","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.129","Plain Nightjar","Plain Nightjar","Plain Nightjar",null,null,"thornscrub of sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689977","planig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/planig1","avibase-7C3959D6",null,null,"Bogosland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/271/mode/1up","Caprimulgus inornatus"],["5695","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus stellatus","Blundell & Lovat, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.21","Star-spotted Nightjar","Star-spotted Nightjar","Star-spotted Nightjar",null,null,"southern South Sudan, Ethiopia (and northern Somalia?), and northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689981","stsnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stsnig1","avibase-CE884D49",null,null,"Kassim River, southern Ethiopia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/53/mode/1up","Caprimulgus stellatus"],["5696","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus solala","Safford, Ash, Duckworth et al., 1995","Ibis vol.137 p.301-307","Nechisar Nightjar","Nechisar Nightjar","Nechisar Nightjar",null,null,"described from one wing from a road corpse found in Nechisar plains, south-central Ethiopia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724428","necnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necnig1","avibase-4535D9AB",null,null,"from road corpsefrom Nechisar Plains,North Omo region, Ethiopia, on 3 September 1990 at 6”00’N,37”47‘E, 1200 m. a.s.l.; collected by J. W. Duckworth, R. J. Saflord. M. G. Telfer. R. J. Timmins and C. Zewdie","A new species of nightjar from Ethiopia.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08025.x","Caprimulgus solala"],["5697","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus affinis","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.142","Savanna Nightjar","Savanna Nightjar",null,"2025-0708","Taxon <em>griseatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Caprimulgus affinis</em> based on vocalizations (Sangster et al. 2021a). Although Sangster et al. (2021a) proposed a 3-way split, vocal differences between <em>monticolus </em>and <em>affinis </em>are less pronounced, and show some overlap. Little-known taxon <em>mindanensis </em>(if valid) is treated as a subspecies of <em>C. griseatus</em> based on geography, but was not sampled and future analyses might find that it forms a link between <em>griseatus </em>and <em>affinis</em>. Further research needed as differences in plumage, genetics, and biometrics remain undescribed.","Himalayan foothills from Pakistan and most of India eastward through Myanmar to southeastern China and Taiwan, and southward through Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam; disjunctly in southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,"savnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/savnig1","avibase-50EDFCF2",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/161/mode/1up","Caprimulgus affinis"],["5698","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus affinis monticolus","Franklin, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan to India and southeastern Asia including far northern Malayan Peninsula, to Vietnam (except northern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95CA5B8B",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/130/mode/1up","Caprimulgus monticolus"],["5699","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus affinis amoyensis","Stuart Baker, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-559080BA",null,null,"Amoy, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/136/mode/1up","Caprimulgus monticolus amoyensis"],["5700","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus affinis stictomus","Swinhoe, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A258FCB2",null,null,"Ape's Hill, Formosa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/278/mode/1up","Caprimulgus stictomus"],["5701","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus affinis affinis","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula and Greater Sundas to central Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D673A608",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/161/mode/1up","Caprimulgus affinis"],["5702","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus affinis timorensis","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.134,152",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Alor, Timor, Rote, and Kisar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DF203A1",null,null,"Noilmina (=Noelmina), Timor, February 8, 1932; G. Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Caprimulgus affinis timorensis"],["5703","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus affinis propinquus","Riley, 1918","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92BF48C8",null,null,"Parigi, Celebes.","Two new genera and eight new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/195/mode/1up","Caprimulgus affinis propinquus"],["5704","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus griseatus","Walden, 1875","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.2 p.160","Chirruping Nightjar","Chirruping Nightjar",null,"2025-0708","Taxon <em>griseatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Caprimulgus affinis</em> based on vocalizations (Sangster et al. 2021a). Although Sangster et al. (2021a) proposed a 3-way split, vocal differences between <em>monticolus </em>and <em>affinis </em>are less pronounced, and show some overlap. Little-known taxon <em>mindanensis </em>(if valid) is treated as a subspecies of <em>C. griseatus</em> based on geography, but was not sampled and future analyses might find that it forms a link between <em>griseatus </em>and <em>affinis</em>. Further research needed as differences in plumage, genetics, and biometrics remain undescribed.","northern and central Philippines at least (status unclear in south)",null,null,null,"kaynig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kaynig1","avibase-CD902871",null,null,"Philippine Islands, ex G. R. Gray, Handlist, 1, 1869, p. 57, where a nornen nudum.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/212/mode/1up","Caprimulgus griseatus"],["5705","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus griseatus griseatus","Walden, 1875","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon southward to West Visayas (northern and west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-425218A0",null,null,"Philippine Islands, ex G. R. Gray, Handlist, 1, 1869, p. 57, where a nornen nudum.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/212/mode/1up","Caprimulgus griseatus"],["5706","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus griseatus mindanensis","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"described from southern Philippines (Mindanao), but enigmatic and status requires study; sight record from Jolo (Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F70380BF",null,null,"Malabang, Mindanao.","Descriptions of eight new Philippine birds, with notes on other species new to the islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/103/mode/1up","Caprimulgus affinis mindanensis"],["5707","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus tristigma","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.105","Freckled Nightjar","Freckled Nightjar","Freckled Nightjar",null,null,"very patchy across sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to submontane rocky terrain, kopjes and inselbergs, and wooded escarpments in miombo and mopane woodland, from southern Senegal, Mali, and Guinea eastward to Ethiopia, and southward (avoiding rainforest) to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689988","frenig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frenig1","avibase-E3C780D6",null,null,"Gondar, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/185/mode/1up","Caprimulgus tristigma"],["5708","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus tristigma sharpei","Alexander, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Togo, Cameroon, and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B64CEFF",null,null,"Gambaga, Gold Coast.","[Description of a new species of Nightjar from the Hinterland of the Gold Coast].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/285/mode/1up","Caprimulgus sharpei"],["5709","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus tristigma pallidogriseus","Parker & Benson, 1971","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 91 p.115 [113-119]",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4920E02F",null,null,"Upper Ogun Estate, 15 miles north of Iseyin, Western Region, Nigeria, 8° 10’ N., 3° 35’ E. Collector F. C. Sibley","Variation in Caprimulgus tristigma Rüppell, especially in West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/149/mode/1up","Caprimulgus tristigma pallidogriseus"],["5710","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus tristigma tristigma","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Burundi, southern Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00BD81B9",null,null,"Gondar, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/185/mode/1up","Caprimulgus tristigma"],["5711","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus tristigma granosus","Clancey, 1965","Durban Museum Novitates 8 p.9-17",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Tanzania, southward to Zambia and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-022E72C5",null,null,"30 mi. from Bulawayo on Victoria Falls Road, Rhodesia [=Zimbabwe]","A catalogue of birds of the South African Sub-Region. Pt. II. Families Glareolidae - Pittidae.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1679","Caprimulgus tristigma granosus"],["5712","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus tristigma lentiginosus","Smith, 1845","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.22 pl.101,text",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola to Namibia and western Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89E23C87",null,null,"Great Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/439/mode/1up","Caprimulgus lentiginosus"],["5713","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus concretus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.60","Bonaparte's Nightjar","Bonaparte's Nightjar","Bonaparte's Nightjar",null,null,"lowlands of Sumatra, Belitung (off southeastern Sumatra), and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689993","bonnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bonnig1","avibase-CD7EFBB3",null,null,"Ashanti, error = Borneo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/112/mode/1up","Caprimulgus concretus"],["5714","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pulchellus","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.195","Salvadori's Nightjar","Salvadori's Nightjar","Salvadori's Nightjar",null,null,"montane Sumatra and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689997","salnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salnig1","avibase-C5E09D25",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/201/mode/1up","Caprimulgus pulchellus"],["5715","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pulchellus pulchellus","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6AC5AFE",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/201/mode/1up","Caprimulgus pulchellus"],["5716","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus pulchellus bartelsi","Finsch, 1902","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.3 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC98D787",null,null,"Pasir Datar, 3000 feet, western Java.","Über zwei neue Vogelarten von Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37388#page/176/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Bartelsi"],["5717","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus prigoginei","Louette, 1990","Ibis vol.132 p.349-353","Prigogine's Nightjar","Itombwe Nightjar","Prigogine's Nightjar",null,null,"known with certainty only from single specimen from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe Mountains)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689954","itonig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/itonig1","avibase-4B58353A",null,null,"Malenge, Itombwe, Kivu Province, Zaire, 03\"26'S,28\"30'E; in forest at 1280 m a.s.l.; collected by D r A. Prigogine's collector, 11 August 1955;","A new species of nightjar from Zaïre.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1990.tb01054.x","Caprimulgus prigoginei"],["5718","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus batesi","Sharpe, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.18","Bates's Nightjar","Bates's Nightjar","Bates's Nightjar",null,null,"Congo River Basin (southern Cameroon to northern Gabon, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690004","batnig2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batnig2","avibase-CCA7AB2D",null,null,"River Ja, Cameroon.","Exhibition of two new species from the River Ja.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/442/mode/1up","Caprimulgus batesi"],["5719","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus climacurus","Vieillot, 1824","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 1 p.195 pl.122","Long-tailed Nightjar","Long-tailed Nightjar","Long-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid semi-deserts, savanna, grassland, open woodland, forest edges and clearings, and recently burned land, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward through the Sahel to eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia, and southward to central Cameroon and western Uganda; northern populations migrate southward, reaching Gabon and northwestern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690008","lotnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotnig1","avibase-A20EA34D",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/518/mode/1up","Caprimulgus climacurus"],["5720","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus climacurus climacurus","Vieillot, 1824","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 1 p.195 pl.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania to Sudan, western Ethiopia, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E981649",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/518/mode/1up","Caprimulgus climacurus"],["5721","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus climacurus nigricans","(Salvadori, 1869)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 11, fasc.3 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan (White Nile region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8D42898",null,null,"'Fiume Bianco' i.e. White Nile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123077#page/457/mode/1up","Scotornis nigricans"],["5722","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus climacurus sclateri","(Bates, 1927)","Ibis ser.12, vol.3, no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to northwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD745162",null,null,"Ngaundere, northern Cameroon.",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1927.tb05641.x","Scotornis climacurus sclateri"],["5723","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus clarus","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.29","Slender-tailed Nightjar","Slender-tailed Nightjar","Slender-tailed Nightjar",null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, northwestern and southern Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690012","sltnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sltnig1","avibase-54494BCE",null,null,"Bukoba, Tanganyika Territory [=Tanzania], and Mengo, Uganda.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/43/mode/1up","Caprimulgus clarus"],["5724","species","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus fossii","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.23","Square-tailed Nightjar","Square-tailed Nightjar","Mozambique Nightjar",null,null,"lowland and foothill wooded grassland, savanna, miombo and mopane woodland, and thornbush country, from western Gabon eastward to eastern Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar), and southward to northern Namibia and eastern South Africa and Eswatini; non-breeding visitor northward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22690016","sqtnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sqtnig1","avibase-4FD242D0",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/97/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Fossii"],["5725","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus fossii fossii","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"grassy savanna of Gabon and southwestern Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17D47061",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/97/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Fossii"],["5726","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus fossii welwitschii","Bocage, 1867","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 1 no.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola and eastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Zanzibar and Pemba islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28921084",null,null,"Angola (entre Penedo e Cacoaco)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54704#page/161/mode/1up","Caprimulgus Welwitschii"],["5727","subspecies","Caprimulgiformes","Caprimulgidae","Nightjars and Nighthawks","Caprimulgus fossii griseoplurus","Clancey, 1965","Durban Museum Novitates 8 p.1-9",null,null,null,null,null,"Kalahari Desert and far northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C8022C6",null,null,"17 miles east of Murwamusa Pan, Kalahari, Bechuanaland Protectorate (24° 5' S., 23° 4' E .), [=Botswana]","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 23. 1. The austral races of the Nightjar Caprimulgus fossii Hartlaub.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1465","Caprimulgus fossii griseoplurus"],["5728","order","Steatornithiformes",null,null,"Steatornithiformes",null,null,"Oilbird",null,null,"2025-1183","The Caprimulgiformes <em>sensu lato</em> are treated as six orders based on evidence of ancient genetic divergences obtained from densely sampled nuclear DNA (Prum et al. 2015) and genomic data (Stiller et al. 2024), combined with the great morphological and ecological diversity represented within the group: Apodiformes (Hemiprocnidae, Apodidae, Trochilidae); Steatornithiformes (Steatornithidae); Nyctibiiformes (Nyctibiidae); Podargiformes (Podargidae); Caprimulgiformes (Caprimulgidae); and Aegotheliformes (Aegothelidae). However, recognition of an expanded Caprimulgiformes would also be valid and would retain information on the common evolutionary history of these divergent lineages.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5729","family","Steatornithiformes","Steatornithidae","Oilbird","Steatornithidae",null,null,"Oilbird","Oilbird","Oilbird",null,null,null,null,null,null,"steato1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/steato1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5730","genus","Steatornithiformes","Steatornithidae","Oilbird","Steatornis","Humboldt, 1814","Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, fait en 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804 1 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Steatornis caripensis [von Humboldt, 1817]; type by monotypy = Steatornis caripensis von Humboldt, 1817",null,null,null,"Steatornis"],["5731","species","Steatornithiformes","Steatornithidae","Oilbird","Steatornis caripensis","Humboldt, 1817","Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris 4 p.52","Oilbird","Oilbird","Oilbird",null,null,"locally from Panama and northern South America including Trinidad to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689633","oilbir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oilbir1","avibase-A820F165",null,null,"Caverns of Caripe, Cumaná, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25915#page/54/mode/1up","Steatornis caripensis"],["5732","order","Nyctibiiformes",null,null,"Nyctibiiformes",null,null,"Potoos",null,null,"2025-1183","The Caprimulgiformes <em>sensu lato</em> are treated as six orders based on evidence of ancient genetic divergences obtained from densely sampled nuclear DNA (Prum et al. 2015) and genomic data (Stiller et al. 2024), combined with the great morphological and ecological diversity represented within the group: Apodiformes (Hemiprocnidae, Apodidae, Trochilidae); Steatornithiformes (Steatornithidae); Nyctibiiformes (Nyctibiidae); Podargiformes (Podargidae); Caprimulgiformes (Caprimulgidae); and Aegotheliformes (Aegothelidae). However, recognition of an expanded Caprimulgiformes would also be valid and would retain information on the common evolutionary history of these divergent lineages.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5733","family","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibiidae",null,null,"Potoos","Potoos","Potoos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"nyctib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nyctib1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5734","genus","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Phyllaemulor","Costa, Whitney, Braun et al., 2018","Journal für Ornithologie 159, no.2. 367-377.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nyctibius bracteatus [Gould, 1846]; by original designation and monotypy",null,"A systematic reappraisal of the Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus (Nyctibiidae) and description of a new genus.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321740117","Phyllaemulor"],["5735","species","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Phyllaemulor bracteatus","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.155 p.1","Rufous Potoo","Rufous Potoo","Rufous Potoo","2025-0323","Taxon <em>bracteatus </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Phyllaemulor </em>based on combined behavioral, morphological, osteological, and genetic evidence. <em>P. bracteatus</em> is morphologically distinctive and has been recovered as basal to <em>Nyctibius </em>based on analyses of osteological characters (Costa et al. 2018, 2021). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Braun &amp; Huddleston 2009) also recovered <em>Phyllaemulor </em>as a deeply divergent lineage but exact relationships remain poorly resolved; more extensive genomic sampling is needed to determine generic limits in this group.","tropical eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to northern Brazil and Guyana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729169","rufpot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufpot1","avibase-0B46DD95",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description of a new species of Nyctibius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/369/mode/1up","Nyctibius bracteatus"],["5736","genus","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.38",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus grandis [J.F. Gmelin, 1789]; type by monotypy = Caprimulgus grandis J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f44.item","Nyctibius"],["5737","species","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius grandis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1029","Great Potoo","Great Potoo","Great Potoo",null,null,"far southern Mexico to northern Bolivia, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689636","grepot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grepot1","avibase-EBEFFDBF",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/530/mode/1up","Caprimulgus grandis"],["5738","species","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius aethereus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.234 (or p.236), note","Long-tailed Potoo","Long-tailed Potoo","Long-tailed Potoo",null,null,"forest interior in lowlands and hills from Chocó of western Colombia, Amazonia and the Guianas from eastern Colombia through northeastern Brazil and southward through central Bolivia and Mato Grosso (central Brazil); disjunctly from southern Bahía to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689639","lotpot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotpot1","avibase-407292B2",null,null,"Rio Mucuri [Macure], Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/252/mode/1up","Caprimulgus aethereus"],["5739","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius aethereus chocoensis","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in western Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2CCE42B",null,null,"Novita, 400 feet, Río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Nyctibius longicaudatus chocoensis"],["5740","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius aethereus longicaudatus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.1, pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador eastward through French Guiana and Maranhão (northeastern Brazil) and southward to central Bolivia and Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17B15BD5",null,null,"in sylvis fl. Japurae [= in forests of Rio Japurá, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/15/mode/1up","Caprimulgus longicaudatus"],["5741","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius aethereus aethereus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.234 (or p.236), note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil from southern Bahía through Rio de Janeiro, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (northern Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12FD223E",null,null,"Rio Mucuri [Macure], Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/252/mode/1up","Caprimulgus aethereus"],["5742","species","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius leucopterus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.226 (or p.227), note","White-winged Potoo","White-winged Potoo","White-winged Potoo",null,null,"northern Amazonia (northeastern Peru and northern Brazil) and eastern Brazil (Bahia and Espírito Santo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689653","whwpot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwpot1","avibase-46E2FA49",null,null,"Forests in the vicinity of Conquista, Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/634/mode/1up","Caprimulgus leucopterus"],["5743","species","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius maculosus","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.92","Andean Potoo","Andean Potoo","Andean Potoo",null,null,"locally in Andes of eastern Colombia to western Venezuela and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689650","andpot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andpot1","avibase-29C4EF9C",null,null,"Ambato, Ecuador.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/124/mode/1up","Nyctibius maculosus"],["5744","species","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius griseus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1029","Common Potoo","Common Potoo","Common Potoo",null,null,"eastern Nicaragua and southwestern Costa Rica southward west of the Andes to northwestern Peru, east of the Andes to northwestern Venezuela, the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, and southward to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689646","compot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compot1","avibase-7333ADB3",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/530/mode/1up","Caprimulgus griseus"],["5745","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius griseus panamensis","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nicaragua and southwestern Costa Rica southward to Panama and northwestern South America, west of the Andes to northwestern Peru, and eastward to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86024F10",null,null,"Nata, Code, Panama.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/123/mode/1up","Nyctibius griseus panamensis"],["5746","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius griseus griseus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1029",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9865628F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/530/mode/1up","Caprimulgus griseus"],["5747","species","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1029","Northern Potoo","Northern Potoo","Northern Potoo",null,null,"forest to open areas in lowlands to hills of Sinaloa on Pacific slope, and Tamaulipas on Caribbean slope, southward through Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula including Cozumel and southward through northwestern Costa Rica; also Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689642","norpot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norpot1","avibase-5F312992",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/530/mode/1up","Caprimulgus jamaicensis"],["5748","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius jamaicensis lambi","Davis, 1959","The Condor 61, no.4 p.300-301",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B781F1B",null,null,"Lajuela, 75 feet, Colima, Mexico, April 11, 1943, by Chester C. Lamb","A New Race of the Mexican Pootoo from Western Mexico","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol61/iss4/11/","Nyctibius griseus lambi"],["5749","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius jamaicensis mexicanus","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Mexico to El Salvador and Honduras including Roatán Island (to north)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5EF8F19",null,null,"Metlaltoyuca, Puebla, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Nyctibius jamaicensis mexicanus"],["5750","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius jamaicensis costaricensis","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and central Costa Rica; presumably also Pacific slope of Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E09E8EC1",null,null,"Sarchi, Alajuela, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/123/mode/1up","Nyctibius griseus costaricensis"],["5751","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius jamaicensis jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1029",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B4DDA15",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/530/mode/1up","Caprimulgus jamaicensis"],["5752","subspecies","Nyctibiiformes","Nyctibiidae","Potoos","Nyctibius jamaicensis abbotti","Richmond, 1917","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 68, no.7 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola including Gonâve Island (just to west)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1AE9957",null,null,"Port-a-Piment, Haiti.","Description of two new birds from Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94424#page/219/mode/1up","Nyctibius griseus abbotti"],["5753","order","Podargiformes",null,null,"Podargiformes",null,null,"Frogmouths",null,null,"2025-1183","The Caprimulgiformes <em>sensu lato</em> are treated as six orders based on evidence of ancient genetic divergences obtained from densely sampled nuclear DNA (Prum et al. 2015) and genomic data (Stiller et al. 2024), combined with the great morphological and ecological diversity represented within the group: Apodiformes (Hemiprocnidae, Apodidae, Trochilidae); Steatornithiformes (Steatornithidae); Nyctibiiformes (Nyctibiidae); Podargiformes (Podargidae); Caprimulgiformes (Caprimulgidae); and Aegotheliformes (Aegothelidae). However, recognition of an expanded Caprimulgiformes would also be valid and would retain information on the common evolutionary history of these divergent lineages.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5754","family","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargidae",null,null,"Frogmouths","Frogmouths","Frogmouths",null,null,null,null,null,null,"podarg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/podarg1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5755","genus","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Rigidipenna","Cleere, Kratter, Steadman et al., 2007","Ibis vol.149 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Podargus inexpectatus [Hartert, E, 1901]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A new genus of frogmouth (Podargidae) from the Solomon Islands- results from a taxonomic review of Podargus ocellatus inexpectatus Hartert 1901.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227610819","Rigidipenna"],["5756","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Rigidipenna inexpectata","(Hartert, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.24","Solomons Frogmouth","Solomons Frogmouth","Solomons Frogmouth",null,null,"Bougainville, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel (northern and east-central Solomon Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734967","soifro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soifro1","avibase-42B0D7C0",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.","[Exhibition and description of apparently new species of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/280/mode/1up","Podargus inexpectatus"],["5757","genus","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podargus cinereus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy = Caprimulgus strigoides Latham, 1801",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/165/mode/1up","Podargus"],["5758","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus ocellatus","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.208 AtlasOis. pl.14","Marbled Frogmouth","Marbled Frogmouth","Marbled Frogmouth",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands, and eastern and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736125","marfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marfro1","avibase-A9003A7B",null,null,"Dorey [i.e. Manokwari] Harbor, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/266/mode/1up","Podargus ocellatus"],["5759","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus ocellatus ocellatus","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.208 AtlasOis. pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and islands in Cenderawasih Bay (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7B17BB1",null,null,"Dorey [i.e. Manokwari] Harbor, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/266/mode/1up","Podargus ocellatus"],["5760","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus ocellatus marmoratus","Gould, 1855","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl., pt2 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0FE19C4",null,null,"Cape York Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/29/mode/1up","Podargus marmoratus"],["5761","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus ocellatus plumiferus","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.152 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC27D543",null,null,"Brushes of the Clarence and MacLeay rivers, New South Wales.","Exhibition of two new birds from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/318/mode/1up","Podargus plumiferus"],["5762","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus ocellatus intermedius","Hartert, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Trobriand Islands and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59C31509",null,null,"Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands.","Podargus intermedius, n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/304/mode/1up","Podargus intermedius"],["5763","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus ocellatus meeki","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27F8E18B",null,null,"Sudest Island.","[Exhibition and description of new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/528/mode/1up","Podargus meeki"],["5764","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus papuensis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.207 AtlasOis. pl.13","Papuan Frogmouth","Papuan Frogmouth","Papuan Frogmouth",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat and Aru Islands, and Australia from northeastern Queensland southward to the Wet Tropics region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689583","papfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papfro1","avibase-BA1D64E2",null,null,"Dorey [i.e. Manokwari] Harbor, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/265/mode/1up","Podargus papuensis"],["5765","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus strigoides","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lviii","Tawny Frogmouth","Tawny Frogmouth","Tawny Frogmouth",null,null,"Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689580","tawfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawfro1","avibase-8500F130",null,null,"New Holland, = Sidney, New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/64/mode/1up","Caprimulgus strigoides"],["5766","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus strigoides brachypterus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except eastern coast and tropics)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B39D220",null,null,"Swan River, West Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/889/mode/1up","Podargus brachypterus"],["5767","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus strigoides phalaenoides","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1931C54",null,null,"Northwest coast of Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/672/mode/1up","Podargus phalaenoides"],["5768","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Podargus strigoides strigoides","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lviii",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, Queensland, southward to southeastern South Australia and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D94DBB36",null,null,"New Holland, = Sidney, New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/64/mode/1up","Caprimulgus strigoides"],["5769","genus","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus","Gould, 1838","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.2 pl.17,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podargus auritus [J.E. Gray, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/79/mode/1up","Batrachostomus"],["5770","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus auritus","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 7 p.114,pl.","Large Frogmouth","Large Frogmouth","Large Frogmouth",null,null,"central and southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Natuna Islands, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689591","larfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larfro1","avibase-9E4E307A",null,null,"No locality = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103402#page/130/mode/1up","Podargus Auritus"],["5771","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus harterti","Sharpe, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.323","Dulit Frogmouth","Dulit Frogmouth","Dulit Frogmouth",null,null,"mountains of northern and central Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689594","dulfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dulfro1","avibase-F595D563",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Borneo.","Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. C. Hose on Mount Dulit in N.W. Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/355/mode/1up","Batrachostomus harterti"],["5772","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus septimus","Tweeddale, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.542","Philippine Frogmouth","Philippine Frogmouth","Philippine Frogmouth",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and Mindoro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689597","phifro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phifro1","avibase-360A309E",null,null,"Pasanaca, near Zamboanga, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/216/mode/1up","Batrachostomus septimus"],["5773","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus septimus microrhynchus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (mountains of Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66EEF981",null,null,"Mountains of Luzon = Mt. Data, 7500 feet, ex Ibis, 1899, p. 384.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/267/mode/1up","Batrachostomus microrhynchus"],["5774","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus septimus menagei","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Negros and Panay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-601EADF3",null,null,"Philippine Islands; no exact locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/15/mode/1up","Batrachostomus menagei"],["5775","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus septimus septimus","Tweeddale, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Basilan, Mindanao, Leyte, Bohol, and Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91B63427",null,null,"Pasanaca, near Zamboanga, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/216/mode/1up","Batrachostomus septimus"],["5776","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus stellatus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.52 p.43","Gould's Frogmouth","Gould's Frogmouth","Gould's Frogmouth",null,null,"peninsular Thailand to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689600","goufro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goufro1","avibase-E325D317",null,null,"Java, error = Malacca.","On a New Species of Ortyx from the Collection of the late Mr. David Douglas, and a New Species of the Genus Podargus from Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/215/mode/1up","Podargus Stellatus"],["5777","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus moniliger","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.806","Sri Lanka Frogmouth","Sri Lanka Frogmouth","Sri Lanka Frogmouth",null,null,"humid forest of southwestern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689603","ceyfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceyfro1","avibase-8739173E",null,null,"Ceylon.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/170/mode/1up","Batrachostomus moniliger"],["5778","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus hodgsoni","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.101 pl.152","Hodgson's Frogmouth","Hodgson's Frogmouth","Hodgson's Frogmouth",null,null,"northeastern India to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689607","hodfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hodfro1","avibase-5CB94E3D",null,null,"Northern India = Darjeeling.","On a New Genus of Goat-sucker, and on a New Species of Enicurus, both from Darjeeling, from the collection of Brian H. Hodgson, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/143/mode/1up","Otothrix hodgsoni"],["5779","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus hodgsoni hodgsoni","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.101 pl.152",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Sikkim, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh southward to Manipur and Tripura), Bhutan, northern Bangladesh, and northern and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-827E0905",null,null,"Northern India = Darjeeling.","On a New Genus of Goat-sucker, and on a New Species of Enicurus, both from Darjeeling, from the collection of Brian H. Hodgson, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/143/mode/1up","Otothrix hodgsoni"],["5780","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus hodgsoni indochinae","Stresemann, 1937","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 22, heft 2 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar and adjacent southern China (southwestern Yunnan), northern Thailand, Laos, and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE1E4F54",null,null,"Dak-To, 1400 m, Annam [Kon Tum, Vietnam]","Kritische Sudien über die Gattung Batrachostomus.",null,"Batrachostomus hodgsoni indochinae"],["5781","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus poliolophus","Hartert, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum 14 p.63","Sumatran Frogmouth","Sumatran Frogmouth","Sumatran Frogmouth",null,null,"montane forest of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689610","shtfro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtfro3","avibase-5825E595",null,null,"Padang, Sumatra.","On a new species of Batrachostomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37348#page/73/mode/1up","Batrachostomus poliolophus"],["5782","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus mixtus","Sharpe, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.4","Bornean Frogmouth","Bornean Frogmouth","Bornean Frogmouth",null,null,"montane forest of Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689613","shtfro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtfro2","avibase-E882E75A",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo.","New Bornean birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/30/mode/1up","Batrachostomus mixtus"],["5783","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus javensis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.141","Javan Frogmouth","Javan Frogmouth",null,"2025-0544","<em>Batrachostomus javensis sensu lato</em> is split into three species based on vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2016):<em> B. affinis</em> (polytypic, also including <em>continentalis</em>); <em>B. javensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>B. chaseni</em> (monotypic).","lowlands of western and central Java",null,null,null,"javfro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javfro3","avibase-D82D95FF",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/160/mode/1up","Podargus Javensis"],["5784","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus affinis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.2 p.1180","Blyth's Frogmouth","Blyth's Frogmouth",null,"2025-0544","<em>Batrachostomus javensis sensu lato</em> is split into three species based on vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2016):<em> B. affinis</em> (polytypic, also including <em>continentalis</em>); <em>B. javensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>B. chaseni</em> (monotypic).","northern Thailand, southern Myanmar, central Vietnam to Malayan Peninsula, northern Sumatra, Riau Islands (east of central Sumatra), and Borneo",null,null,null,"javfro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javfro2","avibase-30D8DCD5",null,null,"Malaya.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September 1847.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123994#page/650/mode/1up","Batrachostomus affinis"],["5785","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus affinis continentalis","Stresemann, 1937","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 22, heft 2 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand, southern Laos, and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C3F2900",null,null,"Toungyeen, Tenasserim [Thaungyin, Myanmar]","Kritische Sudien über die Gattung Batrachostomus.",null,"Batrachostomus javensis continentalis"],["5786","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus affinis affinis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.2 p.1180",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E91D453A",null,null,"Malaya.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September 1847.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123994#page/650/mode/1up","Batrachostomus affinis"],["5787","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus chaseni","Stresemann, 1937","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 22, heft 2 p.326","Palawan Frogmouth","Palawan Frogmouth",null,"2025-0544","<em>Batrachostomus javensis sensu lato</em> is split into three species based on vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2016):<em> B. affinis</em> (polytypic, also including <em>continentalis</em>); <em>B. javensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>B. chaseni</em> (monotypic).","southwestern Philippines (Palawan and Calamian Islands)",null,null,null,"palfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palfro1","avibase-383DFFD1",null,null,"Taguso, Palawan.","Kritische Sudien über die Gattung Batrachostomus.",null,"Batrachostomus javensis chaseni"],["5788","species","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus cornutus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.27, vol.4 pl.159","Sunda Frogmouth","Sunda Frogmouth","Sunda Frogmouth",null,null,"Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung (just off southern Sumatra), Borneo including Banggi (off northeastern Borneo), and Kangean Islands (northeast of Java)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689630","sunfro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunfro1","avibase-D3AF2371",null,null,"Benkulen, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/401/mode/1up","Podargus cornutus"],["5789","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus cornutus cornutus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.27, vol.4 pl.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Borneo, and Bangka, Belitung, and Banggi islands (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35D8F84D",null,null,"Benkulen, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/401/mode/1up","Podargus cornutus"],["5790","subspecies","Podargiformes","Podargidae","Frogmouths","Batrachostomus cornutus longicaudatus","Hoogerwerf, 1962","Ardea 50, no.3/4 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (northeast of Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DB34D23",null,null,"Pulau Sepandjang, Kangean Archipelago","Some ornithological notes on the smaller islands around Java (with the descriptions of seven new subspecies).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1188","Batrachostomus javensis longicaudatus"],["5791","order","Aegotheliformes",null,null,"Aegotheliformes",null,null,"Owlet-nightjars",null,null,"2025-1183","The Caprimulgiformes <em>sensu lato</em> are treated as six orders based on evidence of ancient genetic divergences obtained from densely sampled nuclear DNA (Prum et al. 2015) and genomic data (Stiller et al. 2024), combined with the great morphological and ecological diversity represented within the group: Apodiformes (Hemiprocnidae, Apodidae, Trochilidae); Steatornithiformes (Steatornithidae); Nyctibiiformes (Nyctibiidae); Podargiformes (Podargidae); Caprimulgiformes (Caprimulgidae); and Aegotheliformes (Aegothelidae). However, recognition of an expanded Caprimulgiformes would also be valid and would retain information on the common evolutionary history of these divergent lineages.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5792","family","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegothelidae",null,null,"Owlet-nightjars","Owlet-nightjars","Owlet-nightjars",null,null,null,null,null,null,"aegoth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aegoth1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5793","genus","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caprimulgus novaehollandiae [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Caprimulgus cristatus Shaw, 1790",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/200/mode/1up","Aegotheles"],["5794","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles savesi","Layard & Layard, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.132 pl.5","New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar","New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar","New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar",null,null,"known from two old specimens and a possible 1998 sighting","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689559","nconig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nconig1","avibase-7D6D30A3",null,null,"Tongue, near Noumea, New Caledonia.","Notes on the Avifauna of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides. With Remarks by the Rev. Canon Tristram, F.R.S., C.M.Z.S., &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/170/mode/1up","AEgotheles savesi"],["5795","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles insignis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.916","Feline Owlet-nightjar","Feline Owlet-nightjar","Feline Owlet-nightjar",null,null,"mountains of New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689550","feonig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/feonig1","avibase-76F38417",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/921/mode/1up","Aegotheles insignis"],["5796","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles tatei","Rand, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.10","Starry Owlet-nightjar","Starry Owlet-nightjar","Starry Owlet-nightjar",null,null,"lowlands of central and eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728459","spaown1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spaown1","avibase-EBD55D2E",null,null,"Palmer Junction, Papua","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Aegotheles insignis tatei"],["5797","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles crinifrons","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.57","Moluccan Owlet-nightjar","Moluccan Owlet-nightjar","Moluccan Owlet-nightjar",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Kasiruta, and Bacan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689546","molown1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molown1","avibase-83BA78F5",null,null,"No locality = Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/107/mode/1up","Batrachostomus crinifrons"],["5798","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles wallacii","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.154","Wallace's Owlet-nightjar","Wallace's Owlet-nightjar","Wallace's Owlet-nightjar",null,null,"very local in forest of western and central New Guinea, including Aru Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689568","waonig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/waonig1","avibase-27853C12",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari] New Guinea.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/214/mode/1up","Aegotheles wallacii"],["5799","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles albertisi","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.696","Mountain Owlet-nightjar","Mountain Owlet-nightjar",null,"2025-0526","Taxon archboldi and taxon salvadorii is synonymized with Aegotheles albertisi, which is treated as a monotypic species, following Beehler & Pratt (2016). Although archboldi and salvadorii are sometimes split as species separate from A. albertisi (Cleere 2010; Dickinson & Remsen 2013), but based on mitochondrial DNA evidence relationships are shallow and remain poorly resolved (Dumbacher et al. 2003). Furthermore, archboldi and salvadorii are not maintained as subspecies, since the information on vocalizations of each taxon are uncertain, known phenotypic differences are minimal, and plumage is often quite variable even within a subspecific taxon within Aegotheles.\n\n","mountains of New Guinea, from the Bird's Head Peninsula, the Wandammen Mountains, and the Foja Mountains, through central New Guinea to the Huon and southeastern peninsulas",null,null,null,"moonig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moonig1","avibase-EC8099E3",null,null,"Atam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/838/mode/1up","AEgotheles albertisi"],["5800","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles cristatus","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.241,pl.","Australian Owlet-nightjar","Australian Owlet-nightjar","Australian Owlet-nightjar",null,null,"south-central and southeastern New Guinea, and Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689555","auonig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auonig1","avibase-175A7534",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/323/mode/1up","Caprimulgus cristatus"],["5801","subspecies","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles cristatus cristatus","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.241,pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCA8ED1D",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/323/mode/1up","Caprimulgus cristatus"],["5802","subspecies","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles cristatus tasmanicus","Mathews, 1918","The birds of Australia 7 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66A5D413",null,null,"Prospect, near Launceston, Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/225947#page/95/mode/1up","AEgotheles cristata tasmanica"],["5803","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles bennettii","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.816","Barred Owlet-nightjar","Barred Owlet-nightjar",null,"2025-0525","Taxon <em>terborghi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Aegotheles bennettii</em> and <em>A. affinis</em> based on available evidence. This recently rediscovered taxon (Lagerqvist et al. 2017) is sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>A. bennettii</em> based on similarities in plumage and geography, but is distinguished by its larger size and montane habitat. Mitochondrial DNA data (Dumbacher et al. 2003) also place <em>terborghi </em>closer to the geographically distant <em>A. affinis</em> from montane Vogelkop, rather than lowland <em>A. bennettii</em>.","central to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,"barown1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barown1","avibase-6417F60A",null,null,"Southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/822/mode/1up","Aegotheles bennettii"],["5804","subspecies","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles bennettii wiedenfeldi","Laubmann, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Idenburg River to Holnicote Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A37F295B",null,null,"Sattelberg, New Guinea.","Aegotheles bennetti wiedenfeldi subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/19/mode/1up","Aegotheles bennetti wiedenfeldi"],["5805","subspecies","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles bennettii bennettii","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.816",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern New Guinea (Koembe River to Milne Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71987B5F",null,null,"Southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/822/mode/1up","Aegotheles bennettii"],["5806","subspecies","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles bennettii plumifer","Ramsay, 1883","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.8, pt.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough and Fergusson, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEC830D7",null,null,"Southeast New Guinea, error = Fergusson Island.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Part VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30993#page/33/mode/1up","Aegotheles ? plumifera"],["5807","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles affinis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.917","Vogelkop Owlet-nightjar","Vogelkop Owlet-nightjar","Vogelkop Owlet-nightjar",null,null,"Arfak Mountains (northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230050796","barown2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barown2","avibase-A2A0B21A",null,null,"Warmendi, 4000 ft., Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/923/mode/1up","Aegotheles affinis"],["5808","species","Aegotheliformes","Aegothelidae","Owlet-nightjars","Aegotheles terborghi","Diamond, 1967","American Museum Novitates no.2284 p.1-17","Karimui Owlet-nightjar","Karimui Owlet-nightjar",null,"2025-0525","Taxon <em>terborghi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Aegotheles bennettii</em> and <em>A. affinis</em> based on available evidence. This recently rediscovered taxon (Lagerqvist et al. 2017) is sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>A. bennettii</em> based on similarities in plumage and geography, but is distinguished by its larger size and montane habitat. Mitochondrial DNA data (Dumbacher et al. 2003) also place <em>terborghi </em>closer to the geographically distant <em>A. affinis</em> from montane Vogelkop, rather than lowland <em>A. bennettii</em>.","eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea (Karimui basin region)",null,null,null,"barown5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barown5","avibase-5FF84E4E",null,null,"Karimui, Eastern Highlands District, Mandated Terr. of New Guinea, 3650 feet","New subspecies and records of birds from the Karimui Basin, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3080/","Aegotheles bennettii terborghi"],["5809","order","Apodiformes",null,null,"Apodiformes",null,null,"Swifts and Hummingbirds",null,null,"2025-1183","The Caprimulgiformes <em>sensu lato</em> are treated as six orders based on evidence of ancient genetic divergences obtained from densely sampled nuclear DNA (Prum et al. 2015) and genomic data (Stiller et al. 2024), combined with the great morphological and ecological diversity represented within the group: Apodiformes (Hemiprocnidae, Apodidae, Trochilidae); Steatornithiformes (Steatornithidae); Nyctibiiformes (Nyctibiidae); Podargiformes (Podargidae); Caprimulgiformes (Caprimulgidae); and Aegotheliformes (Aegothelidae). However, recognition of an expanded Caprimulgiformes would also be valid and would retain information on the common evolutionary history of these divergent lineages.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5810","family","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocnidae",null,null,"Treeswifts","Treeswifts","Treeswifts",null,null,null,null,null,null,"hemipr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hemipr1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5811","genus","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne","Nitzsch, 1829","Observationes de avium arteria carotide communi p.15,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cypselus longipennis [Temminck, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Oberholser, 1906, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, p. 68). = Hirundo longipennis Rafinesque, 1802",null,null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Observationes_de_avium_arteria_carotide/7MAUgbgcV80C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hemiprocne","Hemiprocne"],["5812","species","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne mystacea","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 11 p.113","Moustached Treeswift","Moustached Treeswift","Moustached Treeswift",null,null,"northern and central Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686897","moutre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moutre1","avibase-C689BD7E",null,null,"New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/573/mode/1up","Cypselus mystaceus"],["5813","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne mystacea confirmata","Stresemann, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BACFB92",null,null,"Amahei, Ceram.","Die Vögel von Seran (Ceram).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/126/mode/1up","Hemiprocne mystacea confirmata"],["5814","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 11 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18ABD21E",null,null,"New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/573/mode/1up","Cypselus mystaceus"],["5815","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne mystacea aeroplanes","Stresemann, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.5 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88DBCEB5",null,null,"Blanche Bay, New Britain.","Hemiprocne mystacea aëroplanes n. subsp.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/50/mode/1up","Hemiprocne mystacea aëroplanes"],["5816","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne mystacea macrura","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCAC3225",null,null,"Manus Island, Admiralty Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Hemiprocne mystacea macrura"],["5817","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne mystacea woodfordiana","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Feni Islands (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago) and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B23BC52",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. III. On the forms of Macropteryx mystacea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/37/mode/1up","Macropteryx mystacea woodfordiana"],["5818","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne mystacea carbonaria","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-641C38EC",null,null,"San Christobal Islands, Solomon Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Hemiprocne mystacea carbonaria"],["5819","species","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne comata","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.45, vol.4 pl.268","Whiskered Treeswift","Whiskered Treeswift","Whiskered Treeswift",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Philippines (except Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686900","whitre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whitre1","avibase-76477B32",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/353/mode/1up","Cypselus comatus"],["5820","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne comata comata","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.45, vol.4 pl.268",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEF44869",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/353/mode/1up","Cypselus comatus"],["5821","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne comata major","(Hartert, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.4 p.473",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines including Sulu Archipelago (absent from Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42070A6D",null,null,"Philippine Islands; type from Luzon.","List of a second collection of birds from the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/499/mode/1up","Macropteryx comata major"],["5822","species","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne coronata","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.580","Crested Treeswift","Crested Treeswift","Crested Treeswift",null,null,"India to southwestern China, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686891","cretre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cretre1","avibase-509C8FD4",null,null,"Cafetal Fundador, Río Canimar, Cuba.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/638/mode/1up","Hirundo Coronata"],["5823","species","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne longipennis","(Rafinesque, 1802)","Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris 3 p.153","Grey-rumped Treeswift","Gray-rumped Treeswift","Grey-rumped Treeswift",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula to Sulawesi region and western Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686894","gyrtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyrtre1","avibase-9B8B422F",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28087#page/179/mode/1up","Hirundo longipennis"],["5824","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne longipennis harterti","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar through the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74E26BE7",null,null,"Batu Sankahan (1800 ft.), Deli, Sumatra.","Die Vögel von Bali. Aus den zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/359/mode/1up","Hemiprocne longipennis harterti"],["5825","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne longipennis perlonga","(Richmond, 1903)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off western Sumatra (Simeulue to Enggano)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92508D7E",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/562/mode/1up","Macropteryx perlonga"],["5826","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne longipennis longipennis","(Rafinesque, 1802)","Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris 3 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali to Lombok and Kangean Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC40E05E",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28087#page/179/mode/1up","Hirundo longipennis"],["5827","subspecies","Apodiformes","Hemiprocnidae","Treeswifts","Hemiprocne longipennis wallacii","(Gould, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region including Banggai, Sula, and adjacent islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9303D309",null,null,"Makassar, Celebes.","On a New Species of Dendrochelidon, or Tree Swift.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/140/mode/1up","Dendrochelidon wallacii"],["5828","family","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apodidae",null,null,"Swifts","Swifts","Swifts",null,null,null,null,null,null,"apodid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apodid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["5829","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne","Oberholser, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo zonaris [Shaw, 1796]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19616#page/93/mode/1up","Streptoprocne"],["5830","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne phelpsi","(Collins, 1972)","Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum 229 p.4 [1-9]","Tepui Swift","Tepui Swift","Tepui Swift",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent northwestern Guyana, and northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686434","tepswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tepswi1","avibase-152D907A",null,null,"Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela","A new species of swift of the genus Cypseloides from northeastern South America (Aves: Apodidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214111#page/280/mode/1up","Cypseloides phelpsi"],["5831","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne rutila","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.528","Chestnut-collared Swift","Chestnut-collared Swift","Chestnut-collared Swift",null,null,"western Mexico (Durango, Sinaloa, and Zacatecas southward to Panama, Venezuela (Andes and coastal ranges), Trinidad, and Andes from Colombia to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686424","chcswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcswi1","avibase-50222B1F",null,null,"Locality unknown = Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/550/mode/1up","Hirundo rutila"],["5832","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne rutila griseifrons","(Nelson, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Durango, Sinaloa, and Zacatecas southward to Oaxaca west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0E19ED9",null,null,"Santa Teresa, Nayarit, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Cypselus brunneitorques griseifrons"],["5833","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne rutila brunnitorques","(de Lafresnaye, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to Panama, and Andes from Colombia to Bolivia (but doubtfully distinct from nominate rutila, and distribution imperfectly known)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AB22BCE",null,null,"Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/89/mode/1up","Chaetura brunnitorques"],["5834","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne rutila rutila","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela (Andes and coastal ranges) and Trinidad; distribution imperfectly known",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFE1E6CC",null,null,"Locality unknown = Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/550/mode/1up","Hirundo rutila"],["5835","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris","(Shaw, 1796)","Cimelia Physica. Figures of rare and curious quadrupeds, birds, etc., together with several of the most elegant plants p.100 pl.55","White-collared Swift","White-collared Swift","White-collared Swift",null,null,"southern Mexico and Caribbean to Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686476","whcswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcswi","avibase-88D7E68D",null,null,"No locality, but assumed to be Brazil, restricted to Chapada, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso] by Chapman, antea, p. 605, a very improbable locality.",null,"https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_cimelia-physica-figures_shaw-george_1796/page/100/mode/1up","Hirundo zonaris"],["5836","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris mexicana","Ridgway, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico to Belize and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F34EBFFA",null,null,"Río Seco, near Córdova, Vera Cruz.","Diagnoses of new forms of Micropodidae and Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/75/mode/1up","Streptoprocne zonaris mexicana"],["5837","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris bouchellii","Huber, 1923","The Auk 40, no.2 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicaragua to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62C7947A",null,null,"Eden, lat. 14° N., long. 84° 26' W., Nicaragua.","Two new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol40/iss2/10/","Streptoprocne zonaris bouchellii"],["5838","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris pallidifrons","(Hartert, 1896)","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.7 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Greater Antilles and locally in Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88A5F662",null,null,"Jamaica, type from Ferry River, St. Catherine.","Notes on some Species of the Families Cypselidae, Caprimulgidae, and Podargidae, with Remarks on Subspecific Forms and their Nomenclature.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/414/mode/1up","Chaetura zonaris pallidifrons"],["5839","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris minor","(Lawrence, 1882)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2 no.11 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"cordillera of coastal northern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D38ABE2",null,null,"Bogotá",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109505#page/465/mode/1up","Hemiprocne minor"],["5840","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris albicincta","(Cabanis, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.57 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC9BB59E",null,null,"Guiana to Mexico.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Juli-Heft 1861, S. 241-256.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/187/mode/1up","Hemiprocne albicincta"],["5841","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris subtropicalis","Parkes, 1994","Avocetta: Journal of Ornithology 17 p.95-100",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Colombia to western Venezuela (Mérida) and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F23B3E4",null,null,"Pueblo Viejo, north slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta [Colombia], alt. 2000 feet, Subtropical Zone (Todd and Carriker 1922: 122) by M. A. Carriker, Jr., 6 March 1914","Taxonomic notes on the White-collared Swift (Streptoprocne zonaris).","https://www.avocetta.org/articles/vol-17-2-bvb-taxonomic-notes-on-the-white-collared-swift-istreptoprocne-zonarisi/","Streptoprocne zonaris subtropicalis"],["5842","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris altissima","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.604",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C00E387B",null,null,"Laguneta, 10,300 feet, near Quindio Pass, Central Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Streptoprocne zonaris altissima"],["5843","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris kuenzeli","Niethammer, 1953","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 4 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72B55F2F",null,null,"Puri (elev. 1200m), Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia","Zur Vogelwelt Boliviens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156190#page/652/mode/1up","Streptoprocne zonaris kuenzeli"],["5844","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris","(Shaw, 1796)","Cimelia Physica. Figures of rare and curious quadrupeds, birds, etc., together with several of the most elegant plants p.100 pl.55",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0436F94",null,null,"No locality, but assumed to be Brazil, restricted to Chapada, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso] by Chapman, antea, p. 605, a very improbable locality.",null,"https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_cimelia-physica-figures_shaw-george_1796/page/100/mode/1up","Hirundo zonaris"],["5845","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne semicollaris","(de Saussure, 1859)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.11 p.118","White-naped Swift","White-naped Swift","White-naped Swift",null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (Chihuahua to Nayarit, Hidalgo, and Morelos)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686482","whnswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnswi1","avibase-6CDEB3D1",null,null,"Great forests of Mexico = San Joaquin, near City of Mexico.","Note sur quelques Oiseaux du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48711#page/122/mode/1up","Acanthylis semicollaris"],["5846","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne biscutata","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.609 pl.34","Biscutate Swift","Biscutate Swift","Biscutate Swift",null,null,"dry to humid tropical forest near waterfalls and caves from northeastern Brazil (Ceará), southward along the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado (to northern Rio Grande do Sul, western Santa Catarina, and western Paraná), northeasternmost Argentina, and adjacent Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686479","bisswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bisswi1","avibase-5267D127",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Ypanema, São Paulo, Brazil.","Notes on the Genera and Species of Cypselidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/703/mode/1up","Chaetura biscutata"],["5847","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne biscutata seridoensis","Sick, 1991","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 111 p.39 [39-40]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Seridó region of Paraíba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3A5F448",null,null,"Serra do Bico da Arara, Acari district, Serido region, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (6°31'S, 36°38'W), 600 m","Distribution and subspeciation of the Biscutate Swift Streptoprocne biscutata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/47/mode/1up","Streptoprocne biscutata seridoensis"],["5848","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Streptoprocne biscutata biscutata","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.609 pl.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66DE5F90",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Ypanema, São Paulo, Brazil.","Notes on the Genera and Species of Cypselidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/703/mode/1up","Chaetura biscutata"],["5849","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides","Streubel, 1848","Isis von Oken 41, heft 5 col.366",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hemiprocne fumigata [Streubel, 1848]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 33, p. 614).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/205/mode/1up","Cypseloides"],["5850","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides niger","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1025","American Black Swift","Black Swift","Black Swift",null,null,"breeds in North America from southeastern Alaska southward to the highlands of Costa Rica, and West Indies, Trinidad, and Guyana (Merumé Mountains); northern populations migrate southward at least to southwestern Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686440","blkswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkswi","avibase-7FB66FEB",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/526/mode/1up","Hirundo nigra"],["5851","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides niger borealis","(Kennerly, 1858)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in North America from southeastern Alaska southward to southern Mexico; nonbreeding range poorly known, but breeders from Colorado migrate to southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C0D4669",null,null,"Simiahmoo Bay, Puget Sound, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/218/mode/1up","Cypselus borealis"],["5852","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides niger costaricensis","Ridgway, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in the highlands of Costa Rica; nonbreeding range not known",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FDFE275",null,null,"San José, Costa Rica.","Diagnoses of new forms of Micropodidae and Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/75/mode/1up","Cypseloides niger costaricensis"],["5853","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides niger niger","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1025",null,null,null,null,null,"West Indies, Trinidad, and Guyana (Merumé Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF75894A",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/526/mode/1up","Hirundo nigra"],["5854","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides lemosi","Eisenmann & Lehmann, 1962","American Museum Novitates no.2117 p.3","White-chested Swift","White-chested Swift","White-chested Swift",null,null,"lowlands to mid-montane forest and openings from northwestern Colombia southward through western Amazonia to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686447","whcswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcswi2","avibase-B66A13A9",null,null,"Santander, Cauca, Colombia","A new species of swift of the genus Cypseloides from Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3416/","Cypseloides lemosi"],["5855","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides rothschildi","Zimmer, 1945","The Auk 62, no.4 p.589","Rothschild's Swift","Rothschild's Swift","Rothschild's Swift",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina; rarely adjacent southern Bolivia and Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686450","rotswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rotswi1","avibase-CB21F7A7",null,null,"Tucumán, Argentina","A New Swift from Central and South America","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol62/iss4/9/","Cypseloides rothschildi"],["5856","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides fumigatus","(Streubel, 1848)","Isis von Oken 41, heft 5 col.366","Sooty Swift","Sooty Swift","Sooty Swift",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and adjacent Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686453","sooswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sooswi1","avibase-9054A7CA",null,null,"Brazil, ex Natterer, MS.","Die Cypseliden des Berliner Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/205/mode/1up","Hemiprocne fumigata"],["5857","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides storeri","Navarro-Sigüenza, Peterson, Escalante Pliego & Benítez-Diaz, 1992","Wilson Bulletin 104, no.1 p.56","White-fronted Swift","White-fronted Swift","White-fronted Swift",null,null,"mountains of southwestern Mexico (Jalisco, Guerrero, and Michoacán)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686461","whfswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfswi1","avibase-DD9CB478",null,null,"Puerto del Gallo, Tlatcotepec, Guerrero, Mexico","Cypseloides storeri, a new species of swift from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol104/iss1/6/","Cypseloides storeri"],["5858","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides cryptus","Zimmer, 1945","The Auk 62, no.4 p.588","White-chinned Swift","White-chinned Swift","White-chinned Swift",null,null,"locally in mountains of northwestern South America; scattered records Central America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686464","whcswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcswi1","avibase-0770CE13",null,null,"Inca Mine, Río Tavara, Peru","A new Swift from Central and South America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol62/iss4/9/","Cypseloides cryptus"],["5859","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides cherriei","Ridgway, 1893","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.923 p.44","Spot-fronted Swift","Spot-fronted Swift","Spot-fronted Swift",null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica; Colombia to western Ecuador and northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686458","spfswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spfswi1","avibase-258B1B37",null,null,"Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/62/mode/1up","Cypseloides cherriei"],["5860","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypseloides senex","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.67, vol.4 pl.397","Great Dusky Swift","Great Dusky Swift","Great Dusky Swift",null,null,"central and southern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686467","grdswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grdswi1","avibase-61C74CAD",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/365/mode/1up","Cypselus senex"],["5861","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5 p.780",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cypselus (Chaetura) nudipes [Hodgson, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/910/mode/1up","Hirundapus"],["5862","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus cochinchinensis","(Oustalet, 1878)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 2 p.52","Silver-backed Needletail","Silver-backed Needletail","Silver-backed Needletail",null,null,"very local breeder, foothill to montane forest from Uttarakhand (western Himalayas) through northeastern India, also southern and eastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan; winters southward through Malayan Peninsula and Java; generally scarce and little-known",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686684","sibnee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibnee1","avibase-E4875B29",null,null,"Saigon, Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/292/mode/1up","Chaetura cochinchinensis"],["5863","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus caudacutus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lvii","White-throated Needletail","White-throated Needletail","White-throated Needletail",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane forest, woodland, and sparsely vegetated slopes, from central Siberia eastward to Sakhalin and Kuril islands, and southward to Mongolia, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu), and from northeastern Pakistan eastward through the Himalayas to south-central China; northern population winters to New Guinea and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686677","whtnee","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtnee","avibase-EA55CA27",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/63/mode/1up","Hirundo caudacuta"],["5864","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus caudacutus caudacutus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lvii",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central eastward to northeastern Russia, Kuril Islands, and Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu), and southward in northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and the Korean Peninsula; winters to New Guinea and eastern Australia (including Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95400F8C",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/63/mode/1up","Hirundo caudacuta"],["5865","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus caudacutus nudipes","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5 p.779",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas to southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-976BD321",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/909/mode/1up","Cypselus (Chaetura) nudipes"],["5866","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus celebensis","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.608","Purple Needletail","Purple Needletail","Purple Needletail",null,null,"northern Sulawesi and Philippines (except Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686690","purnee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purnee1","avibase-0685479A",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.","Notes on the Genera and Species of Cypselidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/702/mode/1up","Chaetura gigantea var. celebensis"],["5867","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus giganteus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.61, vol.4 pl.364","Brown-backed Needletail","Brown-backed Needletail","Brown-backed Needletail",null,null,"humid to deciduous forest and open areas in Western Ghats of Peninsular India from southern Maharashtra southward, and central and southern Sri Lanka, disjunctly in Assam and northeastern Indian hills south of Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh, and Andaman Islands, southward through northern Myanmar and southernmost China (southern Yunnan; rare) to southern Cambodia and Vietnam, the entire Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686687","brbnee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbnee1","avibase-468C27AD",null,null,"Bantam, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/369/mode/1up","Cypselus giganteus"],["5868","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus giganteus indicus","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India and Sri Lanka; Bangladesh to southeastern Asia; Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-062B65E3",null,null,"Andaman Islands and southern India.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/499/mode/1up","Chaetura indica"],["5869","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hirundapus giganteus giganteus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.61, vol.4 pl.364",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7AC9C9E",null,null,"Bantam, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/369/mode/1up","Cypselus giganteus"],["5870","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Mearnsia","Ridgway, 1911","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.5 p.686",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chaetura picina [Tweeddale, 1879]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32321#page/718/mode/1up","Mearnsia"],["5871","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Mearnsia picina","(Tweeddale, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.4 p.944 pl.59","Philippine Spinetail","Philippine Spinetail","Philippine Spinetail",null,null,"West and East Visayas, Mindanao group, and Sulu Archipelago (central and southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686630","phinee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phinee1","avibase-5B67443F",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett at Zamboanga, in the island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/572/mode/1up","Chaetura picina"],["5872","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Mearnsia novaeguineae","(d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.55","Papuan Spinetail","Papuan Spinetail","Papuan Spinetail",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686634","papnee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papnee1","avibase-BC8996E2",null,null,"Fly River, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/61/mode/1up","Chaetura novaeguineae"],["5873","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Mearnsia novaeguineae buergersi","(Reichenow, 1917)","Journal für Ornithologie 65, no.4 p.514",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (northwestern lowlands east at least to the Sepik-Ramu basin, perhaps to the Huon Gulf)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CDD17E2",null,null,"Malu, Sepik River, New Guinea.","[Neue Arten aus dem Sepiekgebiet in Neuguinea und von nordöstlichen holländischen Neuguinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43317#page/526/mode/1up","Chaetura bürgersi"],["5874","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Mearnsia novaeguineae novaeguineae","(d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea; identity of populations on the Bird's Head Peninsula not determined, possibly this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0CCE30D",null,null,"Fly River, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/61/mode/1up","Chaetura novaeguineae"],["5875","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Rhaphidura","Oates, 1883","A handbook to the birds of British Burmah, including those found in the adjoining state of Karennee 2 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Acanthylis leucopygialis [Blyth, 1849]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Rhaphidura"],["5876","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Rhaphidura sabini","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 7 p.70","Sabine's Spinetail","Sabine's Spinetail","Sabine's Spinetail",null,null,"rainforest of southern Guinea to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686664","sabspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabspi1","avibase-1E12D857",null,null,"Africa, = Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103402#page/86/mode/1up","Chaetura Sabini"],["5877","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Rhaphidura leucopygialis","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.809","Silver-rumped Spinetail","Silver-rumped Spinetail","Silver-rumped Spinetail",null,null,"southern Myanmar to Malayan Peninsula and Greater Sundas and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686661","sirnee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sirnee1","avibase-737C55FF",null,null,"Penang.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/173/mode/1up","Acanthylis leucopygialis"],["5878","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Neafrapus","Mathews, 1918","The birds of Australia 7 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chaetura cassini [Sclater, PL, 1863]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/225947#page/326/mode/1up","Neafrapus"],["5879","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Neafrapus cassini","(Sclater, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.205 pl.14 fig.2","Cassin's Spinetail","Cassin's Spinetail","Cassin's Spinetail",null,null,"Sierra Leone and Liberia to northwestern Angola and western Uganda; Bioko",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686668","casspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casspi1","avibase-4CB38AE8",null,null,"Gaboon.","On a New Spine-tailed Swift from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/275/mode/1up","Chaetura cassini"],["5880","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Neafrapus boehmi","(Schalow, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.183","Böhm's Spinetail","Bat-like Spinetail","Böhm's Spinetail",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill wooded savanna, miombo woodland, and open woodland with baobabs, of western Angola, and from southeastern Kenya, Tanzania, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to eastern Zimbabwe and far northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686672","balspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balspi1","avibase-0D52DFC7",null,null,"Rakowa, i.e. Kakoma, Tanganyika Territory.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Chaetura Böhmi"],["5881","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Neafrapus boehmi boehmi","(Schalow, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Tanzania, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46CF3406",null,null,"Rakowa, i.e. Kakoma, Tanganyika Territory.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Chaetura Böhmi"],["5882","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Neafrapus boehmi sheppardi","(Roberts, 1922)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to southern Tanzania, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98254D4F",null,null,"Beira, Portuguese East Africa.","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/300/mode/1up","Notafrapus sheppardi"],["5883","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Telacanthura","Mathews, 1918","The birds of Australia 7 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chaetura ussheri [Sharpe, 1870]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/225947#page/326/mode/1up","Telacanthura"],["5884","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Telacanthura melanopygia","(Chapin, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.16 p.509","Black Spinetail","Black Spinetail","Black Spinetail",null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Ghana, Gabon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686656","blaspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaspi1","avibase-4B79BD9A",null,null,"Avakubi, Ituri District, Belgian Congo.","Descriptions of Three New Birds from the Belgian Congo.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1893","Chaetura melanopygia"],["5885","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Telacanthura ussheri","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.483","Mottled Spinetail","Mottled Spinetail","Mottled Spinetail",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill dry deciduous woodland with baobabs, and savanna with fan palms, from Senegambia eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southeastern Kenya, southward to western Angola, and through Tanzania including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar) to eastern Zimbabwe and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686652","motspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motspi1","avibase-8ACC245F",null,null,"Fort Victoria, Gold Coast.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/505/mode/1up","Chaetura ussheri"],["5886","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Telacanthura ussheri ussheri","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.483",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F38427A4",null,null,"Fort Victoria, Gold Coast.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/505/mode/1up","Chaetura ussheri"],["5887","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Telacanthura ussheri sharpei","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78AA46BA",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/83/mode/1up","Chaetura ussheri sharpei"],["5888","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Telacanthura ussheri stictilaema","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Kenya to northern Tanzania, Zanzibar, and Pemba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFBD22C2",null,null,"Ualimi, Tana River, Kenya Colony.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Cypselus stictilaemus"],["5889","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Telacanthura ussheri benguellensis","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola to Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1192133",null,null,"Blasbalk Fontein, Angola.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/83/mode/1up","Chaetura ussheri benguellensis"],["5890","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Zoonavena","Mathews, 1918","The birds of Australia 7 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chaetura grandidieri [Schlegel]; type by original designation and monotypy = Chaetura grandidieri J. Verreaux, 1867",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/225947#page/327/mode/1up","Zoonavena"],["5891","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Zoonavena grandidieri","(Verreaux, 1867)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 3, fasc.2 p.3 pl.1","Madagascar Spinetail","Madagascar Spinetail","Madagascar Spinetail",null,null,"western Comoros and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686638","malspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malspi1","avibase-B0A0EA81",null,null,"Mandrisi, eastern side of Madagascar.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection zoologique du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49411#page/196/mode/1up","Chaetura grandidieri"],["5892","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Zoonavena grandidieri grandidieri","(Verreaux, 1867)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 3, fasc.2 p.3 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87063AF9",null,null,"Mandrisi, eastern side of Madagascar.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection zoologique du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49411#page/196/mode/1up","Chaetura grandidieri"],["5893","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Zoonavena grandidieri mariae","(Benson, 1960)","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.5-106",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro Island (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C686EA7D",null,null,"Nioumbadjou, Grand Comoro, 500 metres, 11 August 1958","The birds of the Comoro islands: results of the British Ornithologists’ Union Centenary expedition","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Chaetura grandidieri mariae"],["5894","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Zoonavena thomensis","(Hartert, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.53","Sao Tome Spinetail","Sao Tome Spinetail","Sao Tome Spinetail",null,null,"mountains of São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686643","satspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satspi1","avibase-66F1256F",null,null,"Pedroma, São Thome.","[Description of a new Spine-tailed Swift].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/85/mode/1up","Chaetura thomensis"],["5895","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Zoonavena sylvatica","(Tickell, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.284","White-rumped Spinetail","White-rumped Spinetail","White-rumped Spinetail",null,null,"India south of the Himalayas to western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686649","whrnee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrnee1","avibase-A24E5001",null,null,"Central India, restricted to Maunbhum by Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 38, 1935, p. 33.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/412/mode/1up","Acanthylis sylvatica"],["5896","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt2 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo pelasgia [Stephens]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1830, Zoological Illustrations, new ser., 1, pl. 42 and text). = Hirundo pelagica Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/106/mode/1up","Chaetura"],["5897","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.283","Grey-rumped Swift","Gray-rumped Swift","Grey-rumped Swift",null,null,"forest of lowlands and hills from northeastern Honduras to western Panama, northwestern Colombia to far northwestern Peru, northern Colombia, and Venezuela, Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles), Trinidad and Tobago, Amazonia, and Guianas including tepuis, and southward through eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686701","grrswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grrswi1","avibase-0F898234",null,null,"Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/593/mode/1up","Chaetura cinereiventris"],["5898","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris phaeopygos","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26A1357C",null,null,"Carillo, Costa Rica.","Exhibition of seven new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/109/mode/1up","Chaetura cinereiventris phaeopygos"],["5899","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris lawrencei","Ridgway, 1893","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.923 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles), Trinidad and Tobago, and northern Venezuela including Isla Margarita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92D85C55",null,null,"Grenada, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/61/mode/1up","Chaetura lawrencei"],["5900","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris schistacea","Todd, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to western Venezuela (Mérida and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02C81E49",null,null,"La Colorada, Boyacá, Colombia.","Two new Swifts of the genus Chaetura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/213/mode/1up","Chaetura cinereiventris schistacea"],["5901","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris guianensis","Hartert, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 16 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of eastern Venezuela and western Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9FE9D84",null,null,"Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad and Grenada; type locality restricted to Merume' Mountains, British Guiana by Hellmayr, antea, p. 155.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34415#page/506/mode/1up","[Chaetura cinereiventris] Subsp. Chaetura guianensis"],["5902","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris occidentalis","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.569",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia to western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5206A81",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/701/mode/1up","Chaetura sclateri occidentalis"],["5903","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris sclateri","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.16,56",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to southern Venezuela eastward to eastern Pará (northeastern Brazil), and southward through northwestern Bolivia and Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A52830A2",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/66/mode/1up","Chaetura Sclateri"],["5904","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura cinereiventris cinereiventris","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil from Ceará (northeastern Brazil) to eastern Paraguay and Misiones (northeastern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B8B96B0",null,null,"Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/593/mode/1up","Chaetura cinereiventris"],["5905","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura spinicaudus","(Temminck, 1839)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon 1 p.78","Band-rumped Swift","Band-rumped Swift","Band-rumped Swift",null,null,"forest and open habitats of lowlands to mid-mountains from central Panama to southwestern Ecuador; eastern Colombia eastward through northeastern Brazil and southward through Rondônia and Bahia (west-central and east-central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686693","barswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barswi","avibase-AEFB8157",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 726, f. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/94/mode/1up","Cypselus spinicaudus"],["5906","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura spinicaudus aetherodroma","Wetmore, 1951","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117, no.2 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama (including Pearl Islands) to northwestern Colombia west of Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AB57AB7",null,null,"Chepo, from 500 feet elevation on Cerro Carbunco, Provincia de Panama, Panama","Additional forms of birds from Colombia and Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88993#page/86/mode/1up","Chaetura spinicauda aetherodroma"],["5907","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura spinicaudus spinicaudus","(Temminck, 1839)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon 1 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to western and central Brazil, and disjunctly northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-880AF527",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 726, f. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/94/mode/1up","Cypselus spinicaudus"],["5908","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura fumosa","Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.204","Costa Rican Swift","Costa Rican Swift","Costa Rican Swift",null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730119","corswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corswi","avibase-7DBCF8E4",null,null,"Bogaba, Chiriquí.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/262/mode/1up","Chaetura fumosa"],["5909","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura martinica","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.229","Lesser Antillean Swift","Lesser Antillean Swift","Lesser Antillean Swift",null,null,"Guadeloupe to St. Vincent (central and southern Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686698","leaswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leaswi1","avibase-0E688C13",null,null,"Martinique, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/249/mode/1up","Hirundo martinica"],["5910","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura egregia","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.97","Pale-rumped Swift","Pale-rumped Swift","Pale-rumped Swift",null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686706","parswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parswi1","avibase-33352866",null,null,"Río Surutu, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/127/mode/1up","Chaetura egregia"],["5911","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura pelagica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192","Chimney Swift","Chimney Swift","Chimney Swift",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters in coastal Peru and northern Chile, in Amazonian Peru, and probably in western Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686709","chiswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiswi","avibase-C3AD1AFF",null,null,"America, i.e. South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo Pelagica"],["5912","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi","(Townsend, 1839)","Narrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River, and a visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &c. appendix p.348","Vaux's Swift","Vaux's Swift","Vaux's Swift",null,null,"breeds locally from southeastern Alaska to eastern Panama and northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154632189","vauswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vauswi","avibase-1775ED98",null,null,"Columbia River = Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77099#page/358/mode/1up","Cypcelus Vauxi"],["5913","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi vauxi","(Townsend, 1839)","Narrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River, and a visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &c. appendix p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds locally from southeastern Alaska to southwestern USA; winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81040D12",null,null,"Columbia River = Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77099#page/358/mode/1up","Cypcelus Vauxi"],["5914","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi tamaulipensis","Sutton, 1941","Wilson Bulletin 53, no.4 p.231-233",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southwestern Tamaulípas and southeastern San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC031CD5",null,null,"Rancho Rinconado, along the Sabinas River, a mile west of the main Mexico City Highway, near the village of Gomez Farias, southwestern Tamaulipas, elev. ca. 500 feet","A new race of Chaetura vauxi from Tamaulipas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol53/iss4/3/","Chaetura vauxi tamaulipensis"],["5915","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi warneri","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico from Sinaloa to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB20CA1",null,null,"3 km. W of San Gabriel Mixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/132/mode/1up","Chaetura vauxi warneri"],["5916","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi richmondi","Ridgway, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05776F43",null,null,"Guayabo, Costa Rica.","Diagnoses of new forms of Micropodidae and Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/75/mode/1up","Chaetura richmondi"],["5917","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi gaumeri","Lawrence, 1882","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2 no.7&8 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) including Cozumel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D82679CF",null,null,"Yucatan.","Description of a new species of swift of the genus Chaetura, with notes on other little known birds. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109505#page/343/mode/1up","Chaetura Gaumeri"],["5918","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi ochropygia","Aldrich, 1937","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 7 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07D851AF",null,null,"Paracoté, sea level, 1 mile south of the mouth of the Angulo River, east shore of Montijo Bay, Veraguas, Panama.","The Birds and Mammals of the western slope of the Azuero Peninsula (Republic of Panama).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122692#page/78/mode/1up","Chaetura vauxi ochropygia"],["5919","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura vauxi aphanes","Wetmore & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela, but distribution very poorly known: confirmed from the Orinoco Valley in Bolívar, and also reported from Sucre",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C6991F4",null,null,"Caripe, Estado Monagas, Venezuela, 800 m elev.","Further additions to the list of birds of Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/236/mode/1up","Chaetura vauxi aphanes"],["5920","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura chapmani","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.62","Chapman's Swift","Chapman's Swift","Chapman's Swift",null,null,"Panama to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil, and tropical eastern Peru to eastern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686717","chaswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaswi2","avibase-3792D735",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Exhibition of two new species of Spine-tailed Swifts.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/486/mode/1up","Chaetura chapmani"],["5921","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura chapmani chapmani","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4EA32F1",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Exhibition of two new species of Spine-tailed Swifts.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/486/mode/1up","Chaetura chapmani"],["5922","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura chapmani viridipennis","Cherrie, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.17 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to eastern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA8C1A96",null,null,"Doze Outubre, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].","Some apparently undescribed birds from the collection of the Roosevelt South American Expedition.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1748","Chaetura chapmani viridipennis"],["5923","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura andrei","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.91","Ashy-tailed Swift","Ashy-tailed Swift","Ashy-tailed Swift",null,null,"northern Venezuela, but distribution very poorly known: confirmed from the Orinoco Valley in Bolívar and from Sucre",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154632117","astswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astswi1","avibase-B414537B",null,null,"Caicara, Orinoco River, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/111/mode/1up","Chaetura andrei"],["5924","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura meridionalis","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.63","Sick's Swift","Sick's Swift","Southern Swift",null,null,"breeds from eastern Bolivia southward to northern Argentina and eastward to east-central Brazil; partially migratory, wintering north to Panama, northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Suriname",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733018","sicswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sicswi1","avibase-C2288064",null,null,"State of Santiago del Estero, Argentina.","Exhibition of two new species of Spine-tailed Swifts.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/487/mode/1up","Chaetura andrei meridionalis"],["5925","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura brachyura","(Jardine, 1846)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.18, no.117 p.120","Short-tailed Swift","Short-tailed Swift","Short-tailed Swift",null,null,"varied forested to open lowland to hill habitats from southwestern Panama, southern Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, trans-Andean southwestern Ecuador to northwestern Peru, and almost throughout cis-Andean northern South America eastward to Maranhão, southward to central Bolivia, and eastward to Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686725","shtswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtswi1","avibase-5368983F",null,null,"Tobago.","XV. Horae Zoologicae. No. VIII. Ornithology of the Island of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19556#page/136/mode/1up","Acanthylis brachyura"],["5926","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura brachyura praevelox","Bangs & Penard, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique to St. Vincent (southern Lesser Antilles); visitor to other islands in Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11DD3200",null,null,"Chateaubelair, Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/78/mode/1up","Chaetura brachyura praevelox"],["5927","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura brachyura brachyura","(Jardine, 1846)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.18, no.117 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Panama eastward to the Guianas, Trinidad (and Tobago, this race or praevelox?), southward through Amazonia from eastern Peru to central Bolivia and in east to Mato Grosso, northern Tocantins and Maranhão (central to northeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11816E4B",null,null,"Tobago.","XV. Horae Zoologicae. No. VIII. Ornithology of the Island of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19556#page/136/mode/1up","Acanthylis brachyura"],["5928","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura brachyura ocypetes","Zimmer, 1953","American Museum Novitates no.1609 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEDB244E",null,null,"Palambla, Dept. Piura, Peru","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 64, The swifts, family Apodidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4868/","Chaetura brachyura ocypetes"],["5929","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Chaetura brachyura cinereocauda","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.3 p.58, pl.13 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE3C7062",null,null,"South America",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/78/mode/1up","Acanthylis cinereocauda"],["5930","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes","Hartert, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 16 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cypselus melanoleucus [Baird, 1854]; type by monotypy = Acanthylis saxatilis Woodhouse, 1853",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34415#page/479/mode/1up","Aeronautes"],["5931","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes andecolus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.70","Andean Swift","Andean Swift","Andean Swift",null,null,"arid to semi-humid forest, woodland, and scrub, puna grasslands in the Andes from northern Peru (La Libertad and adjacent Cajamarca and Amazonas) southward to northernmost Chile and west-central Argentina (to northern Río Negro and Neuquén); often to sea level in Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686739","andswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andswi1","avibase-B9CF96D5",null,null,"La Paz, Cavari and Inquisivi, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/186/mode/1up","Cypselus andecolus"],["5932","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes andecolus parvulus","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1892)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.3 p.384,note1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Peru to far northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5BEE6DE",null,null,"Ica, Peru.","Résultats des recherches ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/456/mode/1up","Micropus andecola parvulus"],["5933","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes andecolus peruvianus","(Chapman, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.253 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFBE40C5",null,null,"Ollantaytambo, 9700 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/289/mode/1up","Micropus peruvianus"],["5934","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes andecolus andecolus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia to western Argentina (Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99D79ABD",null,null,"La Paz, Cavari and Inquisivi, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/186/mode/1up","Cypselus andecolus"],["5935","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes montivagus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.70","White-tipped Swift","White-tipped Swift","White-tipped Swift",null,null,"montane to arid forest and woodland near cliffs and canyons in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula), the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and Andes from western Venezuela southward in the three Andean ranges of Colombia through Ecuador and Peru to northwestern Argentina (southward to Jujuy); also in the tepuis and cerros of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, far northern Brazil, and westward to northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686736","whtswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtswi1","avibase-A3093269",null,null,"Between Samaypata and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/186/mode/1up","Cypselus montivagus"],["5936","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes montivagus montivagus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in mountains of Colombia to northern Venezuela and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD69DE02",null,null,"Between Samaypata and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/186/mode/1up","Cypselus montivagus"],["5937","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes montivagus tatei","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and far northern Brazil; sight records from Guyana and Suriname presumably also refer to this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42F901A6",null,null,"High Point Camp, Mt. Duida, 7100 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Duidia tatei"],["5938","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes saxatalis","(Woodhouse, 1853)","Report of an expedition down the Zuni and Colorado rivers p.64","White-throated Swift","White-throated Swift","White-throated Swift",null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to Baja California and southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas); withdraws from most of USA in winter, reaching central Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686733","whtswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtswi","avibase-B401C2DD",null,null,"Inscription Rock, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124223#page/72/mode/1up","Acanthylis saxatalis"],["5939","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes saxatalis saxatalis","(Woodhouse, 1853)","Report of an expedition down the Zuni and Colorado rivers p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to Baja California and southwestern Mexico (Oaxaca); withdraws from most of USA in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B05BD0A5",null,null,"Inscription Rock, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124223#page/72/mode/1up","Acanthylis saxatalis"],["5940","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aeronautes saxatalis nigrior","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1928","The Condor 30, no.3 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80F2B84B",null,null,"Los Esesmiles, 7000 feet, Dept. Chalatenango, El Salvador.","A new race of the White-throated Swift from Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol30/iss3/16/","Aeronautes saxatalis nigrior"],["5941","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis","Gosse, 1847","The birds of Jamaica p.58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tachornis phoenicobia [Gosse, 1847]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Tachornis"],["5942","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis phoenicobia","Gosse, 1847","The birds of Jamaica p.58","Antillean Palm Swift","Antillean Palm Swift","Antillean Palm Swift",null,null,"open areas especially with palms in lowlands to hills of Cuba and Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Pines; south of western Cuba), Jamaica, and Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686742","anpswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anpswi","avibase-C2077AD8",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/76/mode/1up","Tachornis phoenicobia"],["5943","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis phoenicobia iradii","(Lembeye, 1850)","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.50 pl.7 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC38E057",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/58/mode/1up","Cypselus iradii"],["5944","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis phoenicobia phoenicobia","Gosse, 1847","The birds of Jamaica p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica, and Hispaniola and satellite islands Saona, Beata and Île-à-Vache",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B7B33A3",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/76/mode/1up","Tachornis phoenicobia"],["5945","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis furcata","(Sutton, 1928)","The Auk 45, no.2 p.135 pl.6","Pygmy Palm Swift","Pygmy Palm Swift","Pygmy Palm Swift",null,null,"humid forest and open areas with abundant palms in the Maracaibo basin of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela, west of the Andes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686747","pygswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygswi1","avibase-F986369F",null,null,"Guachi, Zulia, Venezuela.","A new Swift from Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol45/iss2/1/","Micropanyptila furcata"],["5946","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis furcata furcata","(Sutton, 1928)","The Auk 45, no.2 p.135 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E56AD72E",null,null,"Guachi, Zulia, Venezuela.","A new Swift from Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol45/iss2/1/","Micropanyptila furcata"],["5947","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis furcata nigrodorsalis","(Aveledo Hostos & Pons, 1952)","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica no.7 p.3-21",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE81951D",null,null,"Alturita, Machique, Perijá, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, alt. 2100 m.","Aves nuevas y extensiones de distribucion a Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/aves-nuevas-y-extensiones-de-distribucion-a-venezuela/","Micropanyptila furcata nigrodorsalis"],["5948","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis squamata","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.369","Fork-tailed Palm Swift","Fork-tailed Palm Swift","Fork-tailed Palm Swift",null,null,"palm stands and palm swamps in tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins in the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, and most of Venezuela southward across eastern Colombia and Ecuador to northern Bolivia, and in the entire Amazon basin of Brazil eastward to the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, in Rio Grande do Norte southward to Bahia, and southward across interior Brazil to southern São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686751","ftpswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ftpswi1","avibase-F0D08AFF",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/391/mode/1up","Cypselus squamatus"],["5949","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis squamata squamata","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad and the Guianas to Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57166F60",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/391/mode/1up","Cypselus squamatus"],["5950","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachornis squamata semota","(Riley, 1933)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 46 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31FC1BDB",null,null,"El Mango, Brazo Casiquiare, Venezuela.","A new Swift of the Genus Reinardia from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107515#page/57/mode/1up","Reinarda squamata semota"],["5951","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Panyptila","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo cayennensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/353/mode/1up","Panyptila"],["5952","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Panyptila cayennensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1024","Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift","Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift","Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift",null,null,"southeastern Mexico southward to northern Bolivia and central and southeastern Brazil; also Trinidad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686759","lstswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lstswi1","avibase-9E39F33E",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/525/mode/1up","Hirundo cayennensis"],["5953","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Panyptila sanctihieronymi","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.190 pl.23","Great Swallow-tailed Swift","Great Swallow-tailed Swift","Great Swallow-tailed Swift",null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico to southern Honduras and (rarely) northern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686756","gstswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gstswi1","avibase-88679F12",null,null,"San Geronimo, Vera Paz. in Republ. Guatemalæ","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/260/mode/1up","Panyptila sancti-hieronymi"],["5954","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus","Lesson, 1843","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 8 col.134",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cypselus ambrosiacus [Temminck, 1828]; type by monotypy = Cypselus parvus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180984#page/57/mode/1up","Cypsiurus"],["5955","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus balasiensis","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 7 p.60","Asian Palm Swift","Asian Palm Swift","Asian Palm Swift",null,null,"lowland to foothill fan palms, cultivation and paddies, and urban areas, from Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka, eastward to south-central China (including Hainan), and southward to the Greater Sundas and related island groups, Sulawesi (Indonesia), and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686769","aspswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aspswi1","avibase-83C40F89",null,null,"India, restricted to Calcutta by Stuart Baker, antea, p. 336.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103402#page/76/mode/1up","Cypselus Balasiensis"],["5956","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus balasiensis balasiensis","(Gray, 1829)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 7 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F028A6A6",null,null,"India, restricted to Calcutta by Stuart Baker, antea, p. 336.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103402#page/76/mode/1up","Cypselus Balasiensis"],["5957","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus balasiensis infumatus","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.602",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to Indochina, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-066F4933",null,null,"Banjermassing, Borneo.","Notes on the Genera and Species of Cypselidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/696/mode/1up","Cypselus infumatus"],["5958","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus balasiensis bartelsorum","Brooke, 1972","Durban Museum Novitates 9 no.15 p.217-231",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54C7A856",null,null,"Java, Pangerango Preanger","Geographical variation in Palm Swifts Cypsiurus spp. (Aves: Apodidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1860","Cypsiurus balasiensis bartelsorum"],["5959","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus balasiensis pallidior","(McGregor, 1905)","Bureau of Government Laboratories 25 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41BA1A75",null,null,"Anao, Tarlac Province, Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120001#page/35/mode/1up","Tachornis pallidior"],["5960","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus gracilis","(Sharpe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.315","Malagasy Palm Swift","Malagasy Palm Swift","Malagasy Palm Swift",null,null,"Comoros and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155257132","malpas1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malpas1","avibase-07AB7B3F",null,null,"Madagascar.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/407/mode/1up","Cypselus gracilis"],["5961","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus gracilis gracilis","(Sharpe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5EBBFDF",null,null,"Madagascar.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/407/mode/1up","Cypselus gracilis"],["5962","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus gracilis griveaudi","Benson, 1960","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.5-106",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC2B3C7F",null,null,"Nioumbadjou, Grand Comoro, near sea-level, 12 August 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands: Results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Cypsiurus parvus griveaudi"],["5963","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus parvus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.58","African Palm Swift","African Palm Swift","African Palm Swift",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland and foothill habitats with palms, especially fan and lala palms, from Senegambia eastward through Nigeria, and Gulf of Guinea islands, to Ethiopia, Eritrea, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward to South Africa; some populations exhibit post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155257123","afpswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afpswi1","avibase-DA106373",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/78/mode/1up","Cypselus parvus"],["5964","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus parvus parvus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia eastward to South Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia; also southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0C4BD39",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/78/mode/1up","Cypselus parvus"],["5965","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus parvus brachypterus","(Reichenow, 1903)","Die Vögel Afrikas 2 pt2 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Gulf of Guinea islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22C7B25C",null,null,"West Africa from Gambia to Damaraland; the type is from Chinchoxo, Cabinda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48992#page/416/mode/1up","Tachornis parvus brachypterus"],["5966","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus parvus myochrous","(Reichenow, 1886)","Journal für Ornithologie 34, no.172 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan southward to northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82F2686D",null,null,"Karema, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus Inner-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101744#page/128/mode/1up","Cypselus myochrous"],["5967","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus parvus laemostigma","(Reichenow, 1905)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt2 p.828",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands of southern Somalia to Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A427ECB",null,null,"Southern Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/872/mode/1up","Tachornis parvus laemostigma"],["5968","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus parvus hyphaenes","Brooke, 1972","Durban Museum Novitates 9 no.15 p.217-231",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64DA8B58",null,null,"Botswana, Kumgha, on the Botletle River at c. 20 30'S, 24 30'E","Geographical variation in Palm Swifts Cypsiurus spp. (Aves: Apodidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1860","Cypsiurus parvus hyphaenes"],["5969","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Cypsiurus parvus celer","Clancey, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103 p.80 [80-81]",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0CD829D",null,null,"Manhiça, north of Maputo, southern Mozambique, at 25° 24'S, 32° 48’E, 15 September 1955. Breeding in exotic palms","An overlooked subspecies of the African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/96/mode/1up","Cypsiurus parvus celer"],["5970","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.216",null,null,null,"2025-0946","Taxa <em>melba </em>and <em>aequatorialis </em>are placed in the genus <em>Tachymarptis </em>rather than <em>Apus </em>based on the multilocus DNA data of Päckert et al. (2012), supported by morphological evidence (Brooke 1972). Although these two species differ from <em>Apus </em>in foot structure of newly-hatched chicks (Brooke 1972) a comprehensive review of this trait in <em>Apus </em>is lacking and the level of genetic divergence is not inconsistent with <em>melba </em>and <em>aequatorialis </em>being retained in <em>Apus</em>; further research would be informative.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hirundo melba [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/298/mode/1up","Tachymarptis"],["5971","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis aequatorialis","(Müller, 1851)","Naumannia 1, heft 4 p.27","Mottled Swift","Mottled Swift","Mottled Swift",null,null,"very patchy in foothill and montane granite highlands in Sierra Leone, Mali, Ghana, Nigeria, western Sudan, and northern Angola, and from Eritrea and Ethiopia southward through East Africa to Zimbabwe and central Mozambique; widespread post-breeding dispersal and nomadic wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686788","motswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motswi2","avibase-91429F78",null,null,"Abyssinia [=Ethiopia]","Diagnosen der in dem ersten Bande der Beiträge zur Ornithologie Africa's von John Wilhelm von Müller enthaltenen neuen Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19690#page/341/mode/1up","Cypselus aequatorialis"],["5972","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis aequatorialis lowei","(Bannerman, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73EA3D08",null,null,"Mahera, Rokelle River, Sierra Leone.","Exhibition and descriptions of seven new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/32/mode/1up","Micropus aequatorialis lowei"],["5973","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis aequatorialis bamendae","(Serle, 1949)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A95BE69F",null,null,"Bamenda, 5 55'N, 10 10' E, 5000 ft, British Cameroons","A new genus and species of babbler, and new races of a wood-hoopoe, swift, barbet, robin-chat, scrub-warblers and apalis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/78/mode/1up","Apus aequatorialis bamendae"],["5974","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis aequatorialis furensis","(Lynes, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"western Sudan (Darfur region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-953421AF",null,null,"El Fasher, Darfur.","Exhibition and descriptions of two new subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/64/mode/1up","Micropus aequatorialis furensis"],["5975","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis aequatorialis aequatorialis","(Müller, 1851)","Naumannia 1, heft 4 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and Ethiopia southward to southern Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe, and westward to western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48B518C8",null,null,"Abyssinia [=Ethiopia]","Diagnosen der in dem ersten Bande der Beiträge zur Ornithologie Africa's von John Wilhelm von Müller enthaltenen neuen Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19690#page/341/mode/1up","Cypselus aequatorialis"],["5976","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis aequatorialis gelidus","(Brooke, 1967)","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 7 no.3 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B07517D1",null,null,"Shotshe, Matopos hills, Rhodesia at 20 30'S, 28 43'E, alt. 4800 ft.","Apus aequatorialis (von Müller) (Aves) in Rhodesia and adjacent areas with description of a new race.",null,"Apus aequatorialis gelidus"],["5977","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192","Alpine Swift","Alpine Swift","Alpine Swift",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane habitats, wide-ranging from forest to semi-desert steppe, from Iberia and Morocco eastward across southern Europe, the Middle East, and the Himalayas, to southern Kazakhstan and northeastern India, and southward to southern Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula, southwestern India, and Sri Lanka; migratory populations winter to the African tropics and to central India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686774","alpswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alpswi1","avibase-FA1CAD29",null,null,"Gibraltar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo Melba"],["5978","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba melba","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Europe to Türkiye and northwestern Iran; winters Afrotropics",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4AE8327",null,null,"Gibraltar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo Melba"],["5979","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba tuneti","(Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1904)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Morocco to Middle East, Iran, Kazakhstan, and western Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF227EC8",null,null,"Tunis.","Über palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/151/mode/1up","Apus melba tuneti"],["5980","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba archeri","(Hartert, 1928)","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia to southwestern Arabia and Dead Sea depression",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A067324",null,null,"Hargeisa, 4000 feet, Somaliland.","A rush through Tunisia, Algeria, and Marocco, and collecting in the Maroccan Atlas, in 1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/411/mode/1up","Apus melba archeri"],["5981","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba maximus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51769CDA",null,null,"Eastern slopes of Mount Ruwenzori, 10,000-12,000 feet.","Exhibition and description of a new Alpine Swift (Cypselus maximus) from Mount Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/480/mode/1up","Cypselus maximus"],["5982","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba africanus","(Temminck, 1815)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe ed.1 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Cape Province and southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C35A6AD7",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Manuel_d_ornithologie_ou_Tableau_syst%C3%A8m/1bdm-hKTgpwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA270&printsec=frontcover","Cypselus alpinus africanus"],["5983","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba marjoriae","(Bradfield, 1935)","Description of new races of Kalahari birds and mammals p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Namibia to northwestern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6C60AFD",null,null,"Quickborn, Damaraland.",null,"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol53/iss1/12/","Micropus Melba Marjoriae"],["5984","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba willsi","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-796EE34A",null,null,"East Imerina, Madagascar.","A new form of Swift from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/267/mode/1up","Micropus willsi"],["5985","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba nubifugus","(Koelz, 1954)","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas; winters central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD4718E8",null,null,"Kumaon, Rathi [=Raathi, Kumaon, Uttarakhand.]","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Apus melba nubifuga"],["5986","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba dorabtatai","(Abdulali, 1965)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 62 p.156.",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E336E99",null,null,"Ghoti, Nasik District, Maharashtra State [=Ghoti, Nashik district, Maharashtra.]","Notes on Indian birds 3 – the Alpine Swift, Apus melba (Linnaeus), with a description of one new race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185617#page/196/mode/1up","Apus melba dorabtatai"],["5987","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Tachymarptis melba bakeri","(Hartert, 1928)","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F4300C5",null,null,"Catton Estate, 4500 feet, Ceylon.","A rush through Tunisia, Algeria, and Marocco, and collecting in the Maroccan Atlas, in 1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/411/mode/1up","Apus melba bakeri"],["5988","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Schoutedenapus","De Roo, 1968","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 77 p.412-417",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cypselus myoptilus [Salvadori, 1888]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Schoutedenapus"],["5989","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Schoutedenapus myoptilus","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.228","Scarce Swift","Scarce Swift","Scarce Swift",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane gorges and waterfalls in forest from western Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to Ethiopia and Kenya, and southward to Angola, eastern Zimbabwe, and adjacent Mozambique; post-breeding dispersal likely but poorly understood",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/157470471","scaswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaswi1","avibase-8439A6E7",null,null,"Let-Marefia, Shoa. [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/234/mode/1up","Cypselus myoptilus"],["5990","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Schoutedenapus myoptilus myoptilus","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia to Zimbabwe and western Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2791681E",null,null,"Let-Marefia, Shoa. [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/234/mode/1up","Cypselus myoptilus"],["5991","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Schoutedenapus myoptilus poensis","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD9A229C",null,null,"Sipopo, Fernando Po.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/405/mode/1up","Cypselus poensis"],["5992","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Schoutedenapus myoptilus chapini","(Prigogine, 1957)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 55 p.39-46",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7B7A6DD",null,null,"Kamituga [Congo Belge = DRC]","Trois nouveaux oiseaux de l'est du Congo belge.",null,"Apus myoptilus chapini"],["5993","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus","Scopoli, 1777","Introductio ad historiam naturalem sistens genera lapidum, plantarum, et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae p.483",null,null,null,"2025-0946","Taxa <em>melba </em>and <em>aequatorialis </em>are placed in the genus <em>Tachymarptis </em>rather than <em>Apus </em>based on the multilocus DNA data of Päckert et al. (2012), supported by morphological evidence (Brooke 1972). Although these two species differ from <em>Apus </em>in foot structure of newly-hatched chicks (Brooke 1972) a comprehensive review of this trait in <em>Apus </em>is lacking and the level of genetic divergence is not inconsistent with <em>melba </em>and <em>aequatorialis </em>being retained in <em>Apus</em>; further research would be informative.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hirundo apus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42076#page/490/mode/1up","Apus"],["5994","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus acuticauda","(Jerdon, 1864)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 3 (\"2 pt2\") p.870","Dark-rumped Swift","Dark-rumped Swift","Dark-rumped Swift",null,null,"breeds eastern Bhutan and northeastern India; winters to northern Thailand",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686853","darswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darswi1","avibase-2FAB9911",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113053#page/452/mode/1up","Cypselus acuticauda"],["5995","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pacificus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lviii","Fork-tailed Swift",null,"Pacific Swift","2025-0936, 2025-1190","2025-0936)) Taxa <em>salimalii</em> and <em>leuconyx</em> are treated as subspecies of <em>Apus pacificus</em> pending further research. Although <em>salimalii</em>, <em>leuconyx</em>, <em>cooki,</em> and <em>pacificus</em> are sometimes split into four species based on plumage and morphometrics (Leader 2011), many of the differences are subtle or not necessarily diagnostic. 2025-1190)) Arguably the most distinctive taxon within <em>Apus pacificus</em> and a candidate for full species status, taxon <em>cooki</em> is retained as a subspecies of<em> Apus pacificus </em>pending further research. While mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Päckert et al. 2012) suggest that <em>cooki</em> is closer to <em>Apus acuticauda</em> than it is to nominate <em>pacificus</em>, not all taxa in the complex were sampled, and thus a split is considered premature. However, vocalizations of <em>cooki</em> appear to differ markedly from <em>pacificus</em>, and this issue will require reconsideration for a future version of AviList.","breeds Siberia to Kamchatka, northern China, Himalayas and Assam Hills, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), eastern China, Taiwan, northern Philippines (Batan Islands), lowland Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, southern Yunnan, and Guangxi (southwestern and southeastern China); winters India, southeastern Asia, Indonesia, Melanesia, and Australia (including Tasmania but not western deserts)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686845",null,null,"avibase-68E950E5",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales apud Mathews",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/64/mode/1up","Hirundo pacifica"],["5996","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pacificus pacificus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lviii",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberia to Kamchatka, northern China, and northern Japan (Hokkaido); winters Indonesia, Melanesia, and Australia (including Tasmania but not western deserts)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB044D4C",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales apud Mathews",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/64/mode/1up","Hirundo pacifica"],["5997","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pacificus kanoi","(Yamashina, 1942)","Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 12 no.3 p.79-80",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), eastern China, Taiwan, and northern Philippines (Batan Islands); winters in southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F30720FB",null,null,"Botel Tobago (=Kotosho; Lanyu Island), South-east of Formosa (Taiwan)","On a new subspecies of Micropus pacificus residing in Formosa and Botel Tobago.",null,"Micropus pacificus kanoi"],["5998","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pacificus salimalii","Lack, 1958","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 55 160-161",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tibetan plateau, western Sichuan; winter range unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8B1998F",null,null,"Molo, Chu Valley, southeastern Tibet","A new race of the White-rumped Swift","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186225#page/230/mode/1up","Apus pacificus salimalii"],["5999","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pacificus leuconyx","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds outer Himalayas and Assam Hills; winters in India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB2DAF39",null,null,"Deccan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/380/mode/1up","Cypselus leuconyx"],["6000","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pacificus cooki","(Harington, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, southern Yunnan, and Guangxi (southwestern and southeastern China); winters at least to Peninsular Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF4B00DC",null,null,"Goteik Caves, northern Shan States.","Description of a new subspecies of Swift from the Northern Shan States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/83/mode/1up","Cypselus pacificus cooki"],["6001","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus caffer","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.58","White-rumped Swift","White-rumped Swift","White-rumped Swift",null,null,"southern Iberian Peninsula, central Morocco, and sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686882","whrswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrswi1","avibase-FA9F6019",null,null,"Kaffirland and Nubia, i.e. eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/78/mode/1up","Cypselus Caffer"],["6002","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus batesi","(Sharpe, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.63","Bates's Swift","Bates's Swift","Bates's Swift",null,null,"humid forest of western Cameroon to northern Gabon and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686887","batswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batswi1","avibase-16A54020",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","On a new Swift from the Camaroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/547/mode/1up","Cypselus batesi"],["6003","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus horus","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.147","Horus Swift","Horus Swift","Horus Swift",null,null,"Nigeria and Cameroon eastward to Ethiopia and southward to western Angola and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724997","horswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horswi1","avibase-FF79A533",null,null,"Northeastern Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/289/mode/1up","Cypselus affinis var. Cypselus Horus"],["6004","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis","(Gray, 1830)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.2 pl.35 fig.2","Little Swift","Little Swift",null,"2026-051","Apus nipalensis (polytypic) is lumped with <em>A. affinis</em> based on a re-evaluation of available evidence. Plumage and morphological traits are variable and possibly clinal (Abdulali 1966; Brooke 1971), claimed differences in the depth of the forked tail do not hold up with large specimen series, apparent vocal differences are not clearly documented, and presumed sympatry is unproven. Limited mitochondrial DNA data (Päckert et al. 2012) also recovered <em>nipalensis</em> as paraphyletic with respect to <em>affinis</em>. A comprehensive analysis of plumage, morphology, vocalizations and genetics may support an alternative taxonomic treatment.","lowland to foothill woodland, cultivation, and towns and cities, Africa including Gulf of Guinea islands eastward to sub-Himalayan India, southward to southern India and Sri Lanka, eastward through the Himalayas to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and to South Korea and Japan, and southward through Greater Sundas and Philippines, to Sulawesi and Lesser Sundas; some northern populations move southward in winter",null,null,null,"y00960","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00960","avibase-4D28A0CD",null,null,"No locality - Ganges.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/83/mode/1up","Cypselus affinis"],["6005","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis galilejensis","(Antinori, 1855)","Naumannia 5 p.307 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and sub-Saharan Africa and eastward to Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04EC4C1F",null,null,"Sea of Galilee, Palestine.","Nr. 21. Ueber eine wahrscheinlich neue Cypselus-Art: Cypselus Galilejensis? Antinori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19887#page/323/mode/1up","Cypselus Galilejensis"],["6006","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis bannermani","Hartert, 1928","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko, Príncipe, and São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0240117",null,null,"Pedroma, São Thomé","A rush through Tunisia, Algeria, and Marocco, and collecting in the Maroccan Atlas, in 1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/413/mode/1up","Apus affinis bannermani"],["6007","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis aerobates","Brooke, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89 p.166 [166-167]",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania to Ethiopia, Somalia, central Angola, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D1FCFB3",null,null,"Mbadaka Equateur (Colquilhatville), Congo Kinshasa","The tropical African population of Apus affinis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/212/mode/1up","Apus affinis aerobates"],["6008","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis theresae","Meinertzhagen, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.105 [105-106]",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Angola to southern Zambia and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD5A246E",null,null,"Brandvlei, Cape Province, South Africa","New Races of a Courser, Woodpecker, Swift, Lark, Wheatear, and Serin from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/131/mode/1up","Apus affinis theresae"],["6009","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis affinis","(Gray, 1830)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.2 pl.35 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to northern Mozambique, Pemba Island, and Zanzibar, to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C05AD5A",null,null,"No locality - Ganges.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/83/mode/1up","Cypselus affinis"],["6010","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis singalensis","Madarász, 1911","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 9 p.420 pl.16 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2F1B315",null,null,"Ceylon.","Description of some new birds from Ceylon.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1911_Vol_9_420.pdf","Apus singalensis"],["6011","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.780",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal through Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, southeastern China, southern Japan (central Honshu to Ryukyu Islands), and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11002E2C",null,null,"Central region of Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/910/mode/1up","Cypselus Nipalensis"],["6012","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis subfurcatus","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.807",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula to Borneo, Sumatra, and adjacent islands; perhaps this form spreading through Sulawesi and Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F19D541D",null,null,"Penang.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/171/mode/1up","Cypselus subfurcatus"],["6013","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis furcatus","Brooke, 1971","Durban Museum Novitates 9 no.7 p.93-103",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali; probably this form spreading through Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE1C1DFE",null,null,"Telar Tjabang Tempajan, near Sedari, western Java (c.5° 58'S, 107° 20'E).","Geographical variation in the Little Swift Apus affinis (Aves: Apodidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1403","Apus affinis furcatus"],["6014","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus affinis kuntzi","Deignan, 1958","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71 p.161-162",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60BA6AF3",null,null,"Shih Lin (a northern suburb of Taipei), Taipei Hsien, Formosa [Taiwan]","Two new birds from Eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/415/mode/1up","Apus affinis kuntzi"],["6015","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus niansae","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.61","Nyanza Swift","Nyanza Swift","Nyanza Swift",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane cliffs and gorges in mostly arid highlands of Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia, and northeastern Uganda, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania; Somali population migratory, mostly westward and southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686811","nyaswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nyaswi1","avibase-2103011F",null,null,"Kagehi, Lake Victoria.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/73/mode/1up","Cypselus Niansae"],["6016","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus niansae niansae","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to Ethiopia, eastern Uganda, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0740F7DF",null,null,"Kagehi, Lake Victoria.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/73/mode/1up","Cypselus Niansae"],["6017","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus niansae somalicus","(Clarke, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia and adjacent Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F04808A1",null,null,"Bihendula, British Somaliland.","Description of a new genus and five new forms from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/317/mode/1up","Micropus somalicus"],["6018","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus balstoni","(Bartlett, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.770","Malagasy Black Swift","Malagasy Swift","Madagascar Swift",null,null,"Comoros and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686839","madswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madswi1","avibase-20022FF9",null,null,"Betsileo, Madagascar.","Second List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Thomas Waters in Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/576/mode/1up","Cypselus balstoni"],["6019","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus balstoni mayottensis","(Nicoll, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC13BBD3",null,null,"Mayotte Island, Comoro Group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/130/mode/1up","Cypselus mayottensis"],["6020","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus balstoni balstoni","(Bartlett, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.770",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16765BAF",null,null,"Betsileo, Madagascar.","Second List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Thomas Waters in Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/576/mode/1up","Cypselus balstoni"],["6021","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus bradfieldi","(Roberts, 1926)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 11, pt.4 p.221","Bradfield's Swift","Bradfield's Swift","Bradfield's Swift",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid habitats, including desert, savanna, cliffs, and cities, from southwestern Angola southward through Namibia to northwestern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686835","braswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/braswi1","avibase-11507BB3",null,null,"Quickborn, north of Okahandja, South-West African Protectorate.","Some changes in nomenclature, new records of migrants and new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_690","Micropus bradfieldi"],["6022","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus bradfieldi bradfieldi","(Roberts, 1926)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 11, pt.4 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"desert and arid savanna of southwestern Angola and Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C2404A5",null,null,"Quickborn, north of Okahandja, South-West African Protectorate.","Some changes in nomenclature, new records of migrants and new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_690","Micropus bradfieldi"],["6023","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus bradfieldi deserticola","Brooke, 1970","Durban Museum Novitates 8 p.363-374",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (northern Cape Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCE8174E",null,null,"“Sweethome” Farm, Kuruman district, Cape Province, South Africa","Geographical variation and distribution in Apus barbatus, A. bradfieldi and A. niansae (Aves: Apodidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1527","Apus bradfieldi deserticola"],["6024","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.599","African Black Swift","African Swift",null,"2025-0935","Taxon <em>sladeniae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Apus barbatus</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes recognized as a species based on color and subtle plumage differences (Brooke 1970; De Roo 1970), but the complex as a whole is phenotypically variable. A split is considered premature pending a comprehensive analysis of the complex, preferably with genetic data.","foothill and montane cliffs from Sierra Leone eastward through Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to northern Kenya, and southward to Angola and South Africa; some populations are intra-African migrants",null,null,null,"afrswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrswi1","avibase-DEE4829A",null,null,"South Africa; the type is from Cape Province, fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, antea, p. 49.","Notes on the Genera and Species of Cypselidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/693/mode/1up","Cypselus barbatus"],["6025","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus glanvillei","Benson, 1967","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 87 p.125 [125-126]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and possibly adjacent Liberia and Ivory Coast; small breeding population discovered in Ghana perhaps extends to adjacent Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0769F90F",null,null,"Rokupr, Sierra Leone, on the Great Scarcies River","A new subspecies of Black Swift Apus barbatus from Sierra Leone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/169/mode/1up","Apus barbatus glanvillei"],["6026","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus serlei","De Roo, 1970","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 81 p.156-162",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cameroon (Bamenda Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F42DA18A",null,null,"Sabga, near Bamenda, Cameroon","A new race of the African black swift Apus barbatus (Sclater) from the Republic of Cameroon.",null,"Apus barbatus serlei"],["6027","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus roehli","Reichenow, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Uganda and northern Kenya to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Malawi; northeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A3D4560",null,null,"Usambara, Tanganyika Territory [Tanzania]","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/188/mode/1up","Apus roehli"],["6028","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus hollidayi","Benson & Irwin, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Victoria Falls area on Zambia/Zimbabwe border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63AE09E7",null,null,"Fifth Gorge, Zambesi River, Victoria Falls, southern Rhodesia","A new form of Apus barbatus from the Victoria Falls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/140/mode/1up","Apus barbatus hollidayi"],["6029","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus oreobates","Brooke, 1970","Durban Museum Novitates 8 p.363-374",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and Mozambique (Mount Gorongoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E39200E8",null,null,"Chimanimani Mountains, Rhodesia [=Zimbabwe]","Geographical variation and distribution in Apus barbatus, A. bradfieldi and A. niansae (Aves: Apodidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1527","Apus barbatus oreobates"],["6030","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus barbatus","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFF31F76",null,null,"South Africa; the type is from Cape Province, fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, antea, p. 49.","Notes on the Genera and Species of Cypselidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/693/mode/1up","Cypselus barbatus"],["6031","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus barbatus sladeniae","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, Bioko Island, and western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B5BD4F2",null,null,"Fishtown, Fernando Po.","On two new species of birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/540/mode/1up","Cypselus sladeniae"],["6032","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus alexandri","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.328","Cape Verde Swift","Cape Verde Swift","Cape Verde Swift",null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686795","aleswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aleswi1","avibase-1C0A5AD9",null,null,"São Nicolao, Cape Verde Islands.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. V. Kapitel. Die Fauna der Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/370/mode/1up","Apus unicolor alexandri"],["6033","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus berliozi","Ripley, 1966","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 35 (suppl.) p.101,102","Forbes-Watson's Swift","Forbes-Watson's Swift","Forbes-Watson's Swift",null,null,"breeds in coastal cliffs and caves and arid and montane habitats in coastal Yemen (including Socotra) and Oman, and coastal Somalia; as non-breeder also in southern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686831","fowswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fowswi1","avibase-45D3FD5A",null,null,"Kishin, Hagghier Mountains, Soquotra [=Hajhir Mountains, Socotra]","Le martinet pâle de Socotra (Apus pallidus berliozi).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/316717#page/108/mode/1up","Apus pallidus berliozi"],["6034","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus berliozi berliozi","Ripley, 1966","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 35 (suppl.) p.101,102",null,null,null,null,null,"Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C3C4AF9",null,null,"Kishin, Hagghier Mountains, Soquotra [=Hajhir Mountains, Socotra]","Le martinet pâle de Socotra (Apus pallidus berliozi).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/316717#page/108/mode/1up","Apus pallidus berliozi"],["6035","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus berliozi bensoni","Brooke, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Arabia (southern Yemen and southwest Oman) and coastal Somalia; winters to coastal Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F275DF1",null,null,"Kilifi, Kenya 100 ft.","Apus berliozi Ripley, its races and siblings.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/38/mode/1up","Apus berliozi bensoni"],["6036","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus unicolor","(Jardine, 1830)","The Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science 1 no.4 p.242 pl.6","Plain Swift","Plain Swift","Plain Swift",null,null,"breeds Madeira and western Canary Islands; winters in northern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686806","plaswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaswi1","avibase-59A5A24E",null,null,"Madeira.",null,"https://archive.org/details/edinburghjournal1182unse/page/242/mode/1up","Cypselus unicolor"],["6037","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus apus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192","Common Swift","Common Swift","Common Swift",null,null,"lowland to montane habitats, wide-ranging from woodland to semi-desert steppe, from western Europe eastward to central Siberia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Iran, northwestern India, and central China; long-distance migrant to central and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686800","comswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comswi","avibase-4E6EF3F9",null,null,"Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo Apus"],["6038","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus apus apus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic eastward to Lake Baikal and Iran; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42F73C45",null,null,"Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo Apus"],["6039","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus apus pekinensis","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iran to Himalayas, Mongolia, and northern China; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF01808",null,null,"Pekin, China.","Zoological Notes of a Journey from Canton to Peking and Kalgan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/523/mode/1up","Cypselus pekinensis"],["6040","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pallidus","(Shelley, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.445","Pallid Swift","Pallid Swift","Pallid Swift",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, sea-cliffs and gorges, and urban areas, from Iberia eastward to southern Iran, and southward to western Mauritania, locally in the Sahara, and Egypt and Arabian Peninsula; northern populations winter to the African Sahel, and coastal Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686815","palswi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palswi3","avibase-332BC664",null,null,"Egypt.","[Letter].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/467/mode/1up","Cypselus pallidus"],["6041","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pallidus brehmorum","Hartert, 1901","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Mitteleuropas 4 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira, Canary Islands, southern Europe to Türkiye, and coastal northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ECFAF2B",null,null,"Southern Spain, Madeira, Canaries; type from Funchal, Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125888#page/299/mode/1up","Apus apus Brehmorum"],["6042","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pallidus illyricus","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1907","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 18 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Dalmatian coast of Adriatic Sea; winters in Sahel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C871BBBF",null,null,"Castelnuovo, Dalmatia.","Über paläarktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209499#page/45/mode/1up","Apus murinus illyricus"],["6043","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Apus pallidus pallidus","(Shelley, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania (Banc d'Arguin), Sahara, and Egypt to Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6DB5761",null,null,"Egypt.","[Letter].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/467/mode/1up","Cypselus pallidus"],["6044","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo esculenta [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/22/mode/1up","Collocalia"],["6045","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia troglodytes","Gray, 1845","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 pl.19","Pygmy Swiftlet","Pygmy Swiftlet","Pygmy Swiftlet",null,null,"Philippines (except Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686504","pygswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygswi2","avibase-2BC9E234",null,null,"No locality = Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/163/mode/1up","Collocalia troglodytes"],["6046","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia dodgei","Richmond, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 47, no.4 p.431","Bornean Swiftlet","Bornean Swiftlet",null,"2025-0949","Taxon <em>dodgei </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Collocalia linchi</em> based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence, smaller size, and plumage differences (Moyle et al. 2008; Rheindt et al. 2017).","high elevations on Mount Kinabalu (Sabah, northern Borneo)",null,null,null,"cavswi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cavswi3","avibase-2EF40362",null,null,"Mt. Kina Balu, N. Borneo.","Description of a new Swiftlet from Mount Kina Balu, Borneo","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35633#page/597/mode/1up","Collocalia dodgei"],["6047","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia natalis","Lister, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.4, no.35 p.520","Christmas Swiftlet","Christmas Island Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,"chiswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiswi1","avibase-48E1BFD0",null,null,"Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.","On the Natural History of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/606/mode/1up","Collocalia natalis"],["6048","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia linchi","Horsfield & Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.100","Linchi Swiftlet","Linchi Swiftlet",null,"2025-0949","Taxon <em>dodgei </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Collocalia linchi</em> based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence, smaller size, and plumage differences (Moyle et al. 2008; Rheindt et al. 2017).","Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Lombok (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"cavswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cavswi2","avibase-4BA9A5D1",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/136/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi"],["6049","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia linchi ripleyi","Somadikarta, 1986","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 106 p.37 [37-38]",null,null,null,null,null,"Bukit Barisan Mountains (Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-898F79AD",null,null,"Talangpadang (5° 23'S, 104°48'E), alt. 240 m, South Lampung, southern part of Sumatra, on 1 October 1981, by S. Somadikarta","Collocalia linchi Horsfield & Moore - a revision.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/437/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi ripleyi"],["6050","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia linchi linchi","Horsfield & Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bawean, Madura, and Kangean islands; population on Nusa Penida reportedly also this subspecies (subspecific identification requires confirmation)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-425B2797",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/136/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi"],["6051","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia linchi dedii","Somadikarta, 1986","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 106 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali and Lombok",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2227B3B3",null,null,"Ubud (8°30’S, 115°16E), Bali, 180 m alt, 15 April 1976, collected by S. Somadikarta","Collocalia linchi Horsfield & Moore - a revision.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/438/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi dedii"],["6052","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia affinis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.318","Plume-toed Swiftlet","Plume-toed Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","lowland to submontane forest, plantations, towns and cities, from Andaman and Nicobar islands eastward through southern Myanmar and southern Thailand to Borneo and Sumatra, and related island groups nearby",null,null,null,"pltswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltswi1","avibase-5AF6B3D9",null,null,"Port Blair, South Andaman Island.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/346/mode/1up","Collocalia affinis"],["6053","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia affinis affinis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1834AA05",null,null,"Port Blair, South Andaman Island.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/346/mode/1up","Collocalia affinis"],["6054","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia affinis elachyptera","Oberholser, 1906","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.182,207",null,null,null,null,null,"Mergui Archipelago (off southern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05BE3A2E",null,null,"Bentinck Island, Mergui Archipelago.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/192/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi elachyptera"],["6055","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia affinis vanderbilti","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.399-413",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D156DF3D",null,null,"Soliga, Nias","Zoological results from the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Pt. III. Birds from Nias island,","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064295","Collocalia esculenta vanderbilti"],["6056","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia affinis oberholseri","Stresemann, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu and Mentawai islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74781700",null,null,"North Pagi Island.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/368/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi oberholseri"],["6057","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia affinis cyanoptila","Oberholser, 1906","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.182,205",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Natuna Islands (northwest of Borneo), and lowland Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FF90B56",null,null,"Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands.) Malay States, Lingga Archipelago, eastern Sumatra (?), Billiton,","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/192/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi cyanoptila"],["6058","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia marginata","Salvadori, 1882","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 17 p.304","Grey-rumped Swiftlet","Gray-rumped Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","northern and central Philippines",null,null,null,"gyrswi5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyrswi5","avibase-80265F80",null,null,"Cebu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91230#page/340/mode/1up","Collocalia marginata"],["6059","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia marginata septentrionalis","Mayr, 1945","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 30 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Philippines (Babuyan Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E56E1938",null,null,"Calagan, Philippines Islands","Notes on the taxonomy of the birds of the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215764#page/152/mode/1up","Collocalia esculenta septentrionalis"],["6060","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia marginata marginata","Salvadori, 1882","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 17 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (central Luzon to Mindoro, Panay, Negros, Bohol, and Leyte); identity of the population on Palawan not determined, but may belong with Ridgetop Swiftlet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69E01C32",null,null,"Cebu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91230#page/340/mode/1up","Collocalia marginata"],["6061","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia isonota","Oberholser, 1906","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.182,208","Ridgetop Swiftlet","Ridgetop Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","Philippines",null,null,null,"ridswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ridswi1","avibase-415182DB",null,null,"Irisan, Benguet, Luzon.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/192/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi isonota"],["6062","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia isonota isonota","Oberholser, 1906","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.182,208",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBACB1EA",null,null,"Irisan, Benguet, Luzon.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/192/mode/1up","Collocalia linchi isonota"],["6063","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia isonota bagobo","Hachisuka, 1930","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines no.2 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (montane Mindoro, Mindanao, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E800959",null,null,"Apo Lake, 800 [i.e. 8000] feet, Mt. Apo.",null,null,"Collocalia esculenta bagobo"],["6064","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia sumbawae","Stresemann, 1925","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 12, heft 1 p.189,note2","Tenggara Swiftlet","Tenggara Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","western Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,"tenswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tenswi1","avibase-8E6A673A",null,null,"Tambora, 3000 feet, Sumbawa.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie der indo-australischen Region. I. Bruchstücke einer Revision der Salanganen (Collocalia). II. Kurze Übersicht über die indo-malayischen Zwergohreulen (Otus).",null,"Collocalia esculenta sumbawae"],["6065","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia sumbawae sumbawae","Stresemann, 1925","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 12, heft 1 p.189,note2",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa; population on Flores and Besar possibly also this subspecies)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-016682BC",null,null,"Tambora, 3000 feet, Sumbawa.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie der indo-australischen Region. I. Bruchstücke einer Revision der Salanganen (Collocalia). II. Kurze Übersicht über die indo-malayischen Zwergohreulen (Otus).",null,"Collocalia esculenta sumbawae"],["6066","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia sumbawae sumbae","Schodde, Rheindt & Christidis, 2017","Zootaxa 4250 (5) p.424 [401-433]",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Sumba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35DC51AC",null,null,"Langgabroe, Sumba, 29 May 1932 by G. Stein","Speciation in Indo-Pacific swiftlets (Aves: Apodidae): Integrating molecular and phenotypic data for a new provisional taxonomy of the Collocalia esculenta complex","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315889013","Collocalia sumbawae sumbae"],["6067","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia neglecta","Gray, 1866","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.17, no.98 p.121","Drab Swiftlet","Drab Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","east-central Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,"draswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/draswi1","avibase-3BD2491C",null,null,"Timor.","XIV. A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Collocalia, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54464#page/135/mode/1up","Collocalia neglecta"],["6068","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia neglecta neglecta","Gray, 1866","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.17, no.98 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sawu, Rote, Semau, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94008E80",null,null,"Timor.","XIV. A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Collocalia, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54464#page/135/mode/1up","Collocalia neglecta"],["6069","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia neglecta perneglecta","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Alor, Wetar, and Kisar); populations on Romang, Damar, and Tanimbar possibly introgressant with Glossy Swiftlet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BDD1ACC",null,null,"Wetar, South West Islands. October 6, 1902; H. Kühn coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Collocalia esculenta perneglecta"],["6070","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191","Glossy Swiftlet","Glossy Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","Sulawesi region, northern Moluccas, New Guinea region, Bismarck Archipelago from Admiralty Islands eastward, and Solomon Archipelago from Buka southward to Rennell and Makira",null,null,null,"gloswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gloswi1","avibase-4603DB3F",null,null,"China, error = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","Hirundo esculenta"],["6071","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta minuta","Stresemann, 1925","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 12, heft 1 p.189,note3",null,null,null,null,null,"Salayar, Bonerate, Tanahjampea, and Kalao islands (northern Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6419DCD",null,null,"Kalao Island, Flores Sea","Beiträge zur Ornithologie der indo-australischen Region. I. Bruchstücke einer Revision der Salanganen (Collocalia). II. Kurze Übersicht über die indo-malayischen Zwergohreulen (Otus).",null,"Collocalia esculenta minuta"],["6072","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta esculenta","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Sulawesi, Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), southern Moluccas (to Kai Islands), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-930CEDAD",null,null,"China, error = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","Hirundo esculenta"],["6073","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta manadensis","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi, and Sangihe, Siau, and Talaud islands (to northeast of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B506D55",null,null,"Mt. Rurukan (at 800 m altitude) North Celebes","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region.",null,"Collocalia esculenta manadensis"],["6074","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta spilura","Gray, 1866","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.17, no.98 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C467E92C",null,null,"Batchian","XIV. A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Collocalia, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54464#page/134/mode/1up","Collocalia spilura"],["6075","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta amethystina","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B4A58FF",null,null,"Waiges Island","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia esculenta amethystina"],["6076","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta numforensis","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA316112",null,null,"Numfor Island, Geelvinck Bay, Western New Guinea","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia esculenta numforensis"],["6077","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta nitens","Ogilvie-Grant, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), and Karkar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-961D66F8",null,null,"Utakwa River, 2900 feet, New Guinea.","Exhibition and description of three new Esculent Swifts from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/64/mode/1up","Collocalia nitens"],["6078","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta misimae","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF26A805",null,null,"St. Aignan (=Misimal Island, Louisiade Archipelago)","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia esculenta misimae"],["6079","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta tametamele","Stresemann, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.5 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain including Witu Islands (to the northwest; southeastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-853A39AB",null,null,"Ralum, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.","New forms of Munia, Sericornis, Xanthotis, Melipotes, Peltops, Pachycephala, Pinarolestes, Cacomantis, Collocalia, Hemiprocne described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/49/mode/1up","Collocalia esculenta tametamele"],["6080","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta stresemanni","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.4 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (Manus, Rambutyo, Nauna, and Los Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7816196",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","The birds of the Admiralty Islands, north of German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/323/mode/1up","Collocalia esculenta stresemanni"],["6081","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta heinrothi","Neumann, 1919","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 27 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, Nusa, Dyaul, and New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DFD5EDC",null,null,"Nusa Island, off New Ireland.","Über einige Arten des Genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35494#page/120/mode/1up","Collocalia uropygialis heinrothi"],["6082","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta spilogaster","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago (Lihir Group and Tatau Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90904DEF",null,null,"Lihir Island, Lihir Group, Hibernian Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia esculenta spilogaster"],["6083","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta hypogrammica","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago (Nissan and Green)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CCB6E20",null,null,"Nissan Island, Green Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia esculenta hypogrammica"],["6084","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta lagonoleucos","Schodde, Rheindt & Christidis, 2017","Zootaxa 4250 (5) p.426 [401-433]",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka and Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago; identity of population on Shortland not determined, but possibly this subspecies)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D243639",null,null,"Konone, south foot of Mt. Takuan massif, c. 760 m altitude, south Bougainville Island, 16 August 1964 by R. Schodde and Yaga Kanz","Speciation in Indo-Pacific swiftlets (Aves: Apodidae): integrating molecular and phenotypic data for a new provisional taxonomy of the Collocalia esculenta complex","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315889013","Collocalia esculenta lagonoleucos"],["6085","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta becki","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northeastern Solomon Islands; single record from Malaita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CF091E4",null,null,"Florida Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Collocalia esculenta becki"],["6086","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta makirensis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88E1F141",null,null,"San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Collocalia esculenta makirensis"],["6087","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia esculenta desiderata","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD7F3BCE",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Collocalia esculenta desiderata"],["6088","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia uropygialis","Gray, 1866","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.17, no.98 p.123","Satin Swiftlet","Satin Swiftlet",null,"2025-0950","<em>Collocalia esculenta</em> is split into eight species following Rheindt et al. (2017): <em>C. natalis </em>(monotypic); <em>C. affinis </em>(polytypic); <em>C. marginata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. isonota </em>(polytypic); <em>C. sumbawae </em>(polytypic); <em>C. neglecta </em>(polytypic); <em>C. esculenta </em>(polytypic); and <em>C. uropygialis </em>(polytypic), based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA divergence (see also Moyle et al. 2008), plumage, and other aspects of morphology. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative in this phenotypically conservative complex.","Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands), Vanuatu, and New Caledonia",null,null,null,"satswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satswi1","avibase-CB1DD39F",null,null,"Aneiteum, New Hebrides.","XIV. A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Collocalia, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54464#page/137/mode/1up","Collocalia uropygialis"],["6089","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia uropygialis uropygialis","Gray, 1866","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.17, no.98 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands) and Vanuatu (including Torres and Banks Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E96EE1C2",null,null,"Aneiteum, New Hebrides.","XIV. A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Collocalia, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54464#page/137/mode/1up","Collocalia uropygialis"],["6090","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Collocalia uropygialis albidior","Salomonsen, 1983","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB64420F",null,null,"Lifu, Loyalty Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia esculenta albidior"],["6091","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hydrochous","Brooke, 1970","Durban Museum Novitates 9 p.13-24",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Collocalia gigas [Hartert & Butler, 1901]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1554","Hydrochous"],["6092","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Hydrochous gigas","(Hartert & Butler, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.65","Giant Swiftlet","Waterfall Swift","Waterfall Swift",null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686485","watswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watswi1","avibase-18E79DA7",null,null,"Selangor, Malay States.","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Collocalia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/223/mode/1up","Collocalia gigas"],["6093","genus","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus","Oberholser, 1906","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.179,182",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Collocalia innominata [Hume, 1873]; type by original designation",null,"A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/189/mode/1up","Aerodramus"],["6094","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus elaphrus","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.180,188","Seychelles Swiftlet","Seychelles Swiftlet","Seychelles Swiftlet",null,null,"Seychelles (Mahé, Praslin, and La Digue)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686507","seyswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seyswi1","avibase-C983661F",null,null,"Mahe' Island, Seychelles.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/190/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga elaphra"],["6095","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus francicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1017","Mascarene Swiftlet","Mascarene Swiftlet","Mascarene Swiftlet",null,null,"Réunion and Mauritius (western and central Mascarenes)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686511","masswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masswi1","avibase-C831C041",null,null,"'Insula Francicae,' i.e. Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/518/mode/1up","Hirundo francica"],["6096","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus francicus francicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1017",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritius (central Mascarenes, western Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6E50510",null,null,"'Insula Francicae,' i.e. Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/518/mode/1up","Hirundo francica"],["6097","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus francicus saffordi","Kirwan, Shirihai & Schweizer, 2018","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 138 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Réunion (western Mascarenes, western Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5BD2E8E",null,null,"at 1,100 m elevation, 8 km south-southwest of Saint-Denis (20°52'44\"S, 55°26'53\"E), northern Reunion, in the south-west Indian Ocean, on 17 November 1964 by F. B. Gill","A morphological revision of Mascarene Swiftlet Aerodramus francicus, with the description of a new subspecies from Reunion","http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.25226/bboc.v138i2.2018.a6","Aerodramus francicus saffordi"],["6098","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus unicolor","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.27 p.238","Indian Swiftlet","Indian Swiftlet","Indian Swiftlet",null,null,"southwestern Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, and small islands off Malabar coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686516","indswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indswi1","avibase-F14B0031",null,null,"Coonoor Pass of Neilgherries",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/298/mode/1up","Hirundo unicolor"],["6099","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus infuscatus","(Salvadori, 1880)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 15 p.348","Moluccan Swiftlet","Moluccan Swiftlet","Moluccan Swiftlet","2025-0948","Taxa <em>sororum </em>and <em>ceramensis </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Aerodramus infuscatus</em> pending publication of ongoing genomic research. Sometimes split based on differences in rump color and pattern (Rheindt &amp; Hutchinson 2007) but the taxonomic significance of plumage variation in <em>Aerodramus</em> swiftlets is unclear. Although mitochondrial DNA data (Cibois et al. 2018a) align <em>sororum </em>with the <em>fuciphagus-salangana</em> group of species, <em>ceramensis </em>and <em>infuscatus </em>were not included in the study.","Sangihe and Siau (north of Sulawesi) and northern and central Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686522","molswi5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molswi5","avibase-90683CCB",null,null,"Ternate.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=LhYQkT0mjEcC&pg=PA348","Collocalia infuscata"],["6100","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus infuscatus infuscatus","(Salvadori, 1880)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 15 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, and Morotai); sight records from Bacan possibly this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CC0E11C",null,null,"Ternate.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=LhYQkT0mjEcC&pg=PA348","Collocalia infuscata"],["6101","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus infuscatus sororum","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi; sight records from Taliabu Islands probably this subspecies, while sight records from Sangihe and Siau may refer to A. i. sororum, or to A. i. infuscatus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9AA3E2C",null,null,"Uru, 800 metres, west base of the Latimodjong Mountains, Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. I. Zur Ornithologie des Latimodjong-Gebirges im südlichen Central-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0007-0014.pdf#page=5","Collocalia francica sororum"],["6102","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus infuscatus ceramensis","(van Oort, 1911)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 34 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"central Moluccas (Buru, Boano, Seram, and Ambon); sight records from Obi (in northern Moluccas) also believed to be this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5170049",null,null,"Kwalara, Ceram.","On some new or rare birds from Sumatra, Java, Ceram and the Poeloe Toedjoe group, north of ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47509#page/78/mode/1up","Collocalia ceramensis"],["6103","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus mearnsi","(Oberholser, 1912)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 42. no.1881 p.12,17","Philippine Swiftlet","Philippine Swiftlet","Philippine Swiftlet",null,null,"lowlands of Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686519","phiswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phiswi1","avibase-E1E2B0EB",null,null,"Haights-in-the-Oaks, 7000 feet, near Paoay, Benguet, Luzon.","A revision of the forms of the Edible-nest Swiftlet, Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunberg).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32500#page/34/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga mearnsi"],["6104","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus hirundinaceus","(Stresemann, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft1 p.7","Mountain Swiftlet","Mountain Swiftlet","Mountain Swiftlet",null,null,"New Guinea and some satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686525","mouswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouswi2","avibase-942DE41C",null,null,"Upper Utakwa River, southern Snow Mountains, New Guinea.","Was ist Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunb.) ?.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/43/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga hirundinacea"],["6105","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus hirundinaceus baru","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1932)","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D15F1476",null,null,"Kampong Baru, Jobi (Japen) Island, Geelvink Bay, northwestern New Guinea,","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. I. Die Vögel von Waigeu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/187/mode/1up","Collocalia vanikorensis baru"],["6106","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus hirundinaceus hirundinaceus","(Stresemann, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"montane New Guinea, including Karkar and Goodenough islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-960B50FF",null,null,"Upper Utakwa River, southern Snow Mountains, New Guinea.","Was ist Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunb.) ?.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/43/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga hirundinacea"],["6107","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.176","White-rumped Swiftlet","White-rumped Swiftlet","White-rumped Swiftlet",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, Vanuatu, New Caledonia group, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa (western Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686528","whrswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrswi2","avibase-E1989B1D",null,null,"Upolu and Tutuila, Samoa Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/196/mode/1up","Macropteryx spodiopygius"],["6108","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius delichon","(Salomonsen, 1983)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"Manus Island (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65E0E6CB",null,null,"Lorengau, Manus Island, Admiralty Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia spodiopygia delichon"],["6109","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius eichhorni","(Hartert, 1924)","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1E6CBF4",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/365/mode/1up","Collocalia francica eichhorni"],["6110","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius noonaedanae","(Salomonsen, 1983)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F80F2172",null,null,"Lemkamin, 900 m altitude, Lelet Plateau, New Ireland","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia spodiopygia noonaedanae"],["6111","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius reichenowi","(Stresemann, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9FB514D",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/370/mode/1up","Collocalia francica reichenowi"],["6112","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius desolatus","(Salomonsen, 1983)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"Duff, Swallow, and Santa Cruz islands (northern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0D84E98",null,null,"Treasurers Island, Duff Islands, Solomon Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia spodiopygia desolata"],["6113","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius epiensis","(Salomonsen, 1983)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"Banks Islands and northern Vanuatu to Epi Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16B273EB",null,null,"Epi Island, New Hebrides [Vanuatu]","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia spodiopygia epiensis"],["6114","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius ingens","(Salomonsen, 1983)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"Emae to Aneityum (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A97F8618",null,null,"Eromanga Island, New Hebrides","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia spodiopygia ingens"],["6115","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius leucopygius","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC2B8D34",null,null,"New Caledonia.","On the Identification of the Hirundo esculenta of Linnaeus, with a Synopsis of the Described Species of Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/476/mode/1up","Collocalia leucopygia"],["6116","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius assimilis","(Stresemann, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C3079D8",null,null,"Fiji Islands.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/370/mode/1up","Collocalia francica assimilis"],["6117","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius townsendi","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.181,197",null,null,null,null,null,"Tonga",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-348D5D7B",null,null,"Eua Island, Tonga Islands.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/191/mode/1up","Collocalia francica townsendi"],["6118","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus spodiopygius spodiopygius","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Samoa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC9FD729",null,null,"Upolu and Tutuila, Samoa Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/196/mode/1up","Macropteryx spodiopygius"],["6119","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus terraereginae","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.601","Australian Swiftlet","Australian Swiftlet","Australian Swiftlet",null,null,"northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686534","ausswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausswi1","avibase-CB433EED",null,null,"Northeast coast ranges, near Cardwell, Queensland.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from Queensland, and of the Egg of Chlamydodera maculata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/773/mode/1up","Cypselus terrae-reginae"],["6120","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus terraereginae terraereginae","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.601",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula southward to central eastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28E35123",null,null,"Northeast coast ranges, near Cardwell, Queensland.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from Queensland, and of the Egg of Chlamydodera maculata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/773/mode/1up","Cypselus terrae-reginae"],["6121","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus terraereginae chillagoensis","Pecotich, 1982","Tower Karst (Chillagoe Caving Club Occasional Paper) 4 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (inland Queensland in Chillagoe karst system and surrounding regions)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2129D8BB",null,null,"Chillagoe, Mareeba, Queensland","Speciation of the Grey Swiftlet Aerodramus spodiopygius in Australia.",null,"Aerodramus spodiopygius chillagoensis"],["6122","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus brevirostris","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.155","Himalayan Swiftlet","Himalayan Swiftlet","Himalayan Swiftlet",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, open slopes, and cultivation, from northwestern India eastward through the Himalayas to east-central China, and southward to Myanmar, Thailand, and northern Vietnam; some populations winter to Malayan Peninsula, occasionally to Andaman Islands, and (possibly) Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60824542","himswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himswi2","avibase-2F1D27B4",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/685/mode/1up","Hirundo brevirostris"],["6123","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus brevirostris brevirostris","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas to Nepal, northeastern India, Myanmar, and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B6463A4",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/685/mode/1up","Hirundo brevirostris"],["6124","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus brevirostris innominatus","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central China to northern Vietnam; winters to Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ACFA9AB",null,null,"Andaman Islands; type from Port Mouat, South Andaman Island.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/316/mode/1up","Collocalia innominata"],["6125","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus brevirostris rogersi","(Deignan, 1955)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Myanmar, western Thailand, northern Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11BAE843",null,null,"Ban Hin Laem, 14°40'N, 98°40'E, Kanchanaburi province, Thailand","The Races of the Swiftlet, Collocalia brevirostris (McClelland).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/168/mode/1up","Collocalia brevirostris rogersi"],["6126","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vulcanorum","(Stresemann, 1926)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 12, heft 2 p.352","Volcano Swiftlet","Volcano Swiftlet","Volcano Swiftlet",null,null,"mountains of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686543","volswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/volswi1","avibase-F3417B87",null,null,"West Java.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie der indo-australischen Region II. Bruchstücke einer Revision der Salanganen (Collocalia) ii.",null,"Collocalia brevirostris vulcanorum"],["6127","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus whiteheadi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.4 p.459","Whitehead's Swiftlet","Whitehead's Swiftlet","Whitehead's Swiftlet",null,null,"montane Luzon, Negros (subspecies unknown), and Mindanao (Philippines)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686549","whiswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiswi1","avibase-239F660C",null,null,"Mount Data, Highlands of Lepanto, Luzon.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part V. The Highlands of the Province of Lepanto, North Luzon. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/521/mode/1up","Collocalia whiteheadi"],["6128","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus whiteheadi whiteheadi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.4 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Mount Data on northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16D55333",null,null,"Mount Data, Highlands of Lepanto, Luzon.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part V. The Highlands of the Province of Lepanto, North Luzon. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/521/mode/1up","Collocalia whiteheadi"],["6129","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus whiteheadi origenis","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.180,191",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Apo on Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9717A390",null,null,"Mount Apo, 4000 feet, Mindanao.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/190/mode/1up","Collocalia origenis"],["6130","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus nuditarsus","(Salomonsen, 1962)","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 125 p.509-512","Bare-legged Swiftlet","Bare-legged Swiftlet","Bare-legged Swiftlet",null,null,"mountains of central and eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728501","balswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balswi1","avibase-31CA6790",null,null,"Baroka, Bioto Creek, near Hall Sound, Papua","Whitehead's Swiftlet (Collocalia whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant) in New Guinea and Melanesia.",null,"Collocalia nuditarsus"],["6131","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus orientalis","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.3","Mayr's Swiftlet","Mayr's Swiftlet","Mayr's Swiftlet","2025-1181","Taxon <em>orientalis </em>(polytypic, including <em>leletensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Aerodramus vanikorensis</em> based on available evidence. However, traits used to diagnose <em>A. orientalis</em> (tarsal feathering, pale rump, and gloss) appear to be present in some populations of<em> A. vanikorensis </em>(Tarburton 2018); genetic data will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago) and Guadalcanal (south-central Solomon Islands)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686555","mayswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mayswi1","avibase-49FEFB24",null,null,"Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Collocalia lowi orientalis"],["6132","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus orientalis leletensis","(Salomonsen, 1962)","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 125 p.509-512",null,null,null,null,null,"Lelet Plateau in central New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5760EE1",null,null,"Lemkamin, Lelet Plateau, central New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago, at 900 m alt.","Whitehead's Swiftlet (Collocalia whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant) in New Guinea and Melanesia.",null,"Collocalia whiteheadi leletensis"],["6133","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus orientalis orientalis","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96B7BA63",null,null,"Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Collocalia lowi orientalis"],["6134","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus amelis","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.180,193","Ameline Swiftlet","Ameline Swiftlet",null,"2025-0947","Taxon <em>amelis </em>(polytypic, including <em>palawanensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Aerodramus vanikorensis</em> based, in part, on mitochondrial DNA data (Price et al. 2005; Cibois et al. 2018a) that recovered <em>vanikorensis </em>as polyphyletic. Although nominate <em>amelis </em>has not been sampled, taxon <em>palawanensis </em>is not part of the <em>vanikorensis </em>clade centred in the Bismarck and Solomon archipelagos. Publication of ongoing genomic research should provide additional insights on species limits in this group.","Philippines and Balambangan (northeast of Borneo)",null,null,null,"palswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palswi2","avibase-6F1B12CA",null,null,"Irisan, Benguet, Luzon.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/190/mode/1up","Collocalia unicolor amelis"],["6135","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus amelis amelis","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.180,193",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Cebu, Bohol, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F45CE254",null,null,"Irisan, Benguet, Luzon.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/190/mode/1up","Collocalia unicolor amelis"],["6136","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus amelis palawanensis","(Stresemann, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6196B934",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Was ist Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunb.) ?.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/46/mode/1up","Collocalia lowi palawanensis"],["6137","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.206 AtlasOis. pl.12 fig.3","Uniform Swiftlet","Uniform Swiftlet",null,"2025-0947, 2025-1181","2025-0947)) Taxon amelis (polytypic, including <em>palawanensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Aerodramus vanikorensis</em> based, in part, on mitochondrial DNA data (Price et al. 2005; Cibois et al. 2018a) that recovered <em>vanikorensis </em>as polyphyletic. Although nominate <em>amelis </em>has not been sampled, taxon <em>palawanensis </em>is not part of the <em>vanikorensis </em>clade centred in the Bismarck and Solomon archipelagos. Publication of ongoing genomic research should provide additional insights on species limits in this group. 2025-1181)) Taxon <em>orientalis </em>(polytypic, including <em>leletensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Aerodramus vanikorensis</em> based on available evidence. However, traits used to diagnose <em>A. orientalis</em> (tarsal feathering, pale rump, and gloss) appear to be present in some populations of <em>A. vanikorensis</em> (Tarburton 2018); genetic data will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","Sulawesi region, Moluccas, New Guinea region, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, and Vanuatu",null,null,null,"uniswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uniswi1","avibase-4ADF31A6",null,null,"Island of Vanikoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/264/mode/1up","Hirundo vanikorensis"],["6138","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis aenigma","(Riley, 1918)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Sulawesi and Muna Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAA1F6AE",null,null,"Parigi, Celebes.","Two new genera and eight new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/196/mode/1up","Collocalia vestita aenigma"],["6139","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis heinrichi","(Stresemann, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46A1811C",null,null,"Talassa, 300 metres, Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=7","Collocalia francica heinrichi"],["6140","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis moluccarum","(Stresemann, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram region including Ambon and Gorong, and Banda, Tayandu, and Kai islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F661004F",null,null,"Banda, south of Ceram, southern Molucca Islands, Indonesia","Was ist Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunb.) ?.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/43/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga moluccarum"],["6141","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis waigeuensis","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1932)","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.164,168",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai and Halmahera) and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E30C8EBD",null,null,"Waigeu, off western New Guinea","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. I. Die Vögel von Waigeu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/184/mode/1up","Collocalia vanikorensis waigeuensis"],["6142","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis steini","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1932)","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7C2AC67",null,null,"Numfor Island, Geelvink Bay, northwestern New Guinea","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. I. Die Vögel von Waigeu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/187/mode/1up","Collocalia vanikorensis steini"],["6143","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis yorki","(Mathews, 1916)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-079A4A40",null,null,"Peak Point, Cape York.","Description of Collocalia francica yorki from Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/283/mode/1up","Collocalia francica yorki"],["6144","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis tagulae","(Mayr, 1937)","American Museum Novitates no.915 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Trobriand Islands, Woodlark Group, and Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F588BB4",null,null,"Tagula Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 33, Notes on New Guinea birds. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3898/","Collocalia vanikorensis tagulae"],["6145","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis coultasi","(Mayr, 1937)","American Museum Novitates no.915 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (Manus, Rambutyo, and Los Negros) and St. Matthias Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E88553DC",null,null,"Malai Bay, Manus, Admiralty Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 33, Notes on New Guinea birds. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3898/","Collocalia vanikorensis coultasi"],["6146","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis pallens","(Salomonsen, 1983)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, Dyaul, New Ireland, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FA53429",null,null,"Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia vanikorensis pallens"],["6147","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis lihirensis","(Mayr, 1937)","American Museum Novitates no.915 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Lihir, Feni, Tabar, Nuguria, and Hibernian islands (east of New Ireland, northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FD2644D",null,null,"Lihir Island, Lihir Group, near New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 33, Notes on New Guinea birds. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3898/","Collocalia vanikorensis lihirensis"],["6148","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis lugubris","(Salomonsen, 1983)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 no.5 p.4-112",null,null,null,null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE4C4388",null,null,"Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands","Revision of the Melanesian swiftlets (Apodes, Aves) and their conspecific forms in the Indo-Australian and Polynesian region",null,"Collocalia vanikorensis lugubris"],["6149","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus vanikorensis vanikorensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.206 AtlasOis. pl.12 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands) and Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-979D98A2",null,null,"Island of Vanikoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/264/mode/1up","Hirundo vanikorensis"],["6150","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus salangana","(Streubel, 1848)","Isis von Oken 41, heft 5 col.368","Mossy-nest Swiftlet","Mossy-nest Swiftlet","Mossy-nest Swiftlet",null,null,"Sumatra, Java, and Borneo and some satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686558","monswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monswi2","avibase-8630DD29",null,null,"India","Die Cypseliden des Berliner Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/206/mode/1up","Hemiprocne salangana"],["6151","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus salangana aerophilus","(Oberholser, 1912)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 42. no.1881 p.12,16",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias and adjacent islands off western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DED60E62",null,null,"Siaba Bay, Nias Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32500#page/34/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga aerophila"],["6152","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus salangana natunae","(Stresemann, 1930)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo, Natuna Islands, and (?) Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D333EBDC",null,null,"Gunong Ranai, Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.","Collocalia francica natunae subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0181-0182.pdf","Collocalia francica natunae"],["6153","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus salangana maratua","(Riley, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Maratua Archipelago (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABBF4BA5",null,null,"Pulo Maratua, off northeastern Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/167/mode/1up","Collocalia vestita maratua"],["6154","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus salangana salangana","(Streubel, 1848)","Isis von Oken 41, heft 5 col.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Java; single Philippine record from Basilan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E16E1105",null,null,"India","Die Cypseliden des Berliner Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/206/mode/1up","Hemiprocne salangana"],["6155","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus pelewensis","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.3","Palau Swiftlet","Palau Swiftlet","Palau Swiftlet",null,null,"lowlands of Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686573","palswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palswi1","avibase-FF57D121",null,null,"Palau Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Collocalia pelewensis"],["6156","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus bartschi","(Mearns, 1909)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1683 p.476","Mariana Swiftlet","Mariana Swiftlet","Mariana Swiftlet",null,null,"Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan) and Guam",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728583","marswi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marswi","avibase-F8E58F0F",null,null,"Guam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/594/mode/1up","Collocalia bartschi"],["6157","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus inquietus","(Kittlitz, 1858)","Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka 2 p.26","Caroline Swiftlet","Caroline Islands Swiftlet","Caroline Swiftlet",null,null,"Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae (central and eastern Caroline Islands, central Micronesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686576","caiswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caiswi1","avibase-FEC866D0",null,null,"Ualan, Caroline Islands.",null,null,"Cypselus inquietus"],["6158","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus inquietus rukensis","(Kuroda, 1915)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 1, no.2 p.53,58,59",null,null,null,null,null,"central Caroline Islands (Yap and Chuuk)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2DD047B",null,null,"Ruk, Caroline Islands. [=Chuuk, Federated State of Micronesia]","Shin seureiji nanyo soto saishu chorui chosai hoko [Report on the examination of a collection of birds made in the newly acquired territory of the Southern Archipelago].","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.1.56","Collocalia fuciphaga rukensis"],["6159","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus inquietus ponapensis","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-196EAD9A",null,null,"Ponape, Caroline Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Collocalia vanikorensis ponapensis"],["6160","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus inquietus inquietus","(Kittlitz, 1858)","Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka 2 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Kosrae (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-572BF8D5",null,null,"Ualan, Caroline Islands.",null,null,"Cypselus inquietus"],["6161","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus sawtelli","(Holyoak, 1974)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.146","Atiu Swiftlet","Atiu Swiftlet","Atiu Swiftlet",null,null,"Atiu (southern Cook Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686581","atiswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atiswi1","avibase-C6C43CDC",null,null,"Cook Islands, Atiu, Annataketake Cave","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/392/mode/1up","Collocalia sawtelli"],["6162","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus leucophaeus","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.178","Polynesian Swiftlet","Polynesian Swiftlet","Polynesian Swiftlet","2025-0951","Taxon <em>ocistus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Aerodramus leucophaeus</em> based on available evidence. There is modest divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Cibois et al. 2018a) among all three taxa but plumage and morphological differences are relatively small; further research needed.","forested river valleys in Tahiti (where now rare) and at least formerly Moorea (Windward Society Islands), and northern and southern Marquesas Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60838951","polswi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/polswi2","avibase-4544C16E",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/198/mode/1up","Macropteryx leucophaeus"],["6163","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus leucophaeus leucophaeus","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"forested river valleys in Tahiti (where now rare); formerly also or vagrant to Moorea (Windward Society Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5561B75",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/198/mode/1up","Macropteryx leucophaeus"],["6164","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus leucophaeus ocistus","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58 p.179,184",null,null,null,null,null,"widespread in forest, villages, and pine plantations in northern Marquesas Islands (Eiao, Nuku Hiva, and Ua Huka)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F481008B",null,null,"Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.","A monograph of the genus Collocalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30129#page/189/mode/1up","Collocalia ocista"],["6165","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus leucophaeus gilliardi","(Somadikarta, 1994)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 114 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"widespread in southern Marquesas Islands (Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, and Motane)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AECD2DA",null,null,"Hivaoa Island, Marquesas Islands, by E. H. Quayle & R. H. Beck on 26 January 1921.","The identity of the Marquesan Swiftlet Collocalia ocista Oberholser.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/602/mode/1up","Collocalia ocista gilliardi"],["6166","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus maximus","(Hume, 1878)","Stray Feathers 6 p.49","Black-nest Swiftlet","Black-nest Swiftlet","Black-nest Swiftlet",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, cultivation, and towns, from Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra eastward to Borneo and Java, and associated island groups",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686610","blnswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnswi1","avibase-76179577",null,null,"Mergui, Bankasoon.","A Revised List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/69/mode/1up","Collocalia maxima"],["6167","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus maximus maximus","(Hume, 1878)","Stray Feathers 6 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Malayan Peninsula, southeastern Vietnam, and western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7192CFE7",null,null,"Mergui, Bankasoon.","A Revised List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/69/mode/1up","Collocalia maxima"],["6168","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus maximus lowi","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Nias Island, and Borneo; one 1887 Palawan specimen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-943F17C8",null,null,"Labuan Island.","A List of Birds of Labuan Island and its Dependencies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/65/mode/1up","Cypselus lowi"],["6169","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus maximus tichelmani","(Stresemann, 1926)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-189C86A7",null,null,"Cave of Tamaluang, southeastern Borneo.","Zur Kenntnis der Salanganen SO-Borneos.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_34_0104-0108.pdf","Collocalia lowi tichelmani"],["6170","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus","(Thunberg, 1812)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 33 p.153","Edible-nest Swiftlet","White-nest Swiftlet","Edible-nest Swiftlet","2025-0952","Taxon <em>germani </em>(polytypic, including <em>amechanus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Aerodramus fuciphagus</em> pending publication of ongoing genomic research. Although aligned with the <em>fuciphagus-salangana-infuscatus</em> group based on mitochondrial DNA data (Earl of Cranbrook et al. 2013; Cibois et al. 2018a), taxon <em>germani </em>was not recovered as monophyletic, and the significance of plumage variation in <em>Aerodramus </em>swiftlets is unclear.","Andaman and Nicobar islands, and Greater and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60847684","y00731","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00731","avibase-FF38B8FB",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181003#page/167/mode/1up","Hirundo Fuciphaga"],["6171","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus inexpectatus","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCE940D6",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/318/mode/1up","Collocalia inexpectata"],["6172","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus vestitus","(Lesson, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.6 col.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Belitung Island, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-883548CA",null,null,"Sumatra.","Index ornithologique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180984#page/57/mode/1up","Salangana vestita"],["6173","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus perplexus","(Riley, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Maratua Archipelago (off eastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1F249FA",null,null,"Pulo Maratua, off the northeastern coast of Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/166/mode/1up","Collocalia francica perplexa"],["6174","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus fuciphagus","(Thunberg, 1812)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 33 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Kangean Islands, and Bali to western Lesser Sundas and Tanahjampea (south of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C40B426D",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181003#page/167/mode/1up","Hirundo Fuciphaga"],["6175","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus dammermani","(Rensch, 1931)","Treubia 13, no.3-4 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D19B619",null,null,"Mbura, Flores.","Ueber einige Vogelsammlungen des Buitenzorger Museums von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v13i3-4.1954","Collocalia francica dammermani"],["6176","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus micans","(Stresemann, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Sumba, Sawu, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0943CCD4",null,null,"Savu Island, Indonesia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/42/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga micans"],["6177","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus germani","(Oustalet, 1876)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (6), 13 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts of Malayan Peninsula, northern Borneo, and southern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1E23EDD",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98694#page/251/mode/1up","Collocalia Germani"],["6178","subspecies","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus fuciphagus amechanus","(Oberholser, 1912)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 42. no.1881 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A0D5103",null,null,"Pulo Jimaja, Anamba Islands.","A revision of the forms of the Edible-nest Swiftlet, Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunberg).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32500#page/35/mode/1up","Collocalia fuciphaga amechana"],["6179","species","Apodiformes","Apodidae","Swifts","Aerodramus papuensis","(Rand, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.10","Three-toed Swiftlet","Three-toed Swiftlet","Papuan Swiftlet",null,null,"northern New Guinea (Idenburg River to Huon Peninsula)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686552","papswi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papswi1","avibase-10591B00",null,null,"15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Dutch New Guinea","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Collocalia whiteheadi papuensis"],["6180","family","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Trochilidae",null,null,"Hummingbirds","Hummingbirds","Hummingbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"trochi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trochi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["6181","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Florisuga","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus mellivorus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 30, p. 382).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/131/mode/1up","Florisuga"],["6182","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Florisuga fusca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.348","Black Jacobin","Black Jacobin","Black Jacobin",null,null,"eastern Brazil to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687100","blkjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkjac1","avibase-77B4C75D",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/364/mode/1up","Trochilus fuscus"],["6183","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Florisuga mellivora","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121","White-necked Jacobin","White-necked Jacobin","White-necked Jacobin",null,null,"humid forest and borders from the Gulf of Mexico slope (eastern Veracruz and Oaxaca), southward to eastern Panama, on the Pacific slope of Costa Rica eastward to the Azuero Peninsula in southern Panama, in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela eastward across northern Venezuela to Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil, southward in interior Colombia to the headwaters of the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador, east of the Andes across Amazonia from southern Venezuela southward to central Bolivia and Brazil (eastward to northern Maranhão and western Tocantins)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687097","whnjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnjac1","avibase-80DA0464",null,null,"India, error = Surinam ex Edwards, p. 35, pl. 35, upper fig.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus mellivorus"],["6184","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Florisuga mellivora mellivora","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico through South America including Trinidad, to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B523B7F5",null,null,"India, error = Surinam ex Edwards, p. 35, pl. 35, upper fig.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus mellivorus"],["6185","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Florisuga mellivora flabellifera","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.158 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCDDEB10",null,null,"Mexico, error = Tobago, ex Gould, Monogr. Trochil., pt. 2, 1851, pl. [11].","Exhibition and description of three new species of the family of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/413/mode/1up","Trochilus (?) flabelliferus"],["6186","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.13",null,null,null,"2025-0309","AOS genus-level revisions for the Trochilidae are adopted based on the genetic studies of McGuire et al. (2009, 2014), and classifications proposed by Stiles et al. (2017a, b).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus pella [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/27/mode/1up","Topaza"],["6187","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza pyra","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.85","Fiery Topaz","Fiery Topaz","Fiery Topaz",null,null,"forest in lowlands of western Amazonia from southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador east through Roraima (northwestern Brazil) and southward through east-central Peru and eastern Amazonas (west-central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687756","fietop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fietop1","avibase-66D9C57E",null,null,"Rio Negro, Brazil.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/453/mode/1up","Trochilus (Topaza) pyra"],["6188","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza pyra pyra","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia, southwestern Venezuela (Amazonas), and northwestern Brazil (northeastern Amazonas); populations in east-central Peru and western Amazonian Brazil not assigned to subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15AC5C8B",null,null,"Rio Negro, Brazil.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/453/mode/1up","Trochilus (Topaza) pyra"],["6189","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza pyra amaruni","Hu, Joseph & Agro, 2000","Ornitología Neotropical 11, no.2 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru; populations elsewhere in eastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil not assigned to subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A565A59",null,null,"Cabeceras, Río Guataraco, Ecuador, 27 May 1933, by Olalla & Sons","Distribution, variation, and taxonomy of Topaza hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol11/iss2/3/","Topaza pyra amaruni"],["6190","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza pella","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.119","Crimson Topaz","Crimson Topaz","Crimson Topaz",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield of eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil, including the northeastern Amazon (Amapá, northern Pará, and northeastern Maranhão), and southwestward across central Amazonia (to northern Rondônia and Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687759","critop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/critop1","avibase-9F291BC2",null,null,"'in Indies' = Surinam, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/137/mode/1up","Trochilus Pella"],["6191","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza pella pella","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern and eastern Venezuela eastward to Suriname, and southward to central Amazonian Brazil (Rondônia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-319F62FB",null,null,"'in Indies' = Surinam, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/137/mode/1up","Trochilus Pella"],["6192","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza pella smaragdulus","(Bosc, 1792)","Journal d'Histoire Naturelle 1 p.385 pl.20 fig.5",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana and eastern Brazil (Amapá, and central Pará, from the east bank of the Rio Tapajós to the Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAE43C13",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29171#page/433/mode/1up","Trochilus smaragdulus"],["6193","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Topaza pella microrhyncha","Butler, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (Marajó, and northeastern Pará east of the Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67CC4FBD",null,null,"Matta de Igapo, Utinga, Pará.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Humming-bird from Pará.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/92/mode/1up","Topaza pella microrhyncha"],["6194","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.xl",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus aquila [Loddiges]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 20). = Trochilus aquila Bourcier, 1847",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/101/mode/1up","Eutoxeres"],["6195","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres condamini","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187","Buff-tailed Sicklebill","Buff-tailed Sicklebill","Buff-tailed Sicklebill",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the foothills of the Andes, in western Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia, southward across Ecuador and Peru, to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687016","butsic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butsic1","avibase-198F8B56",null,null,"Archidona, Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Condamini"],["6196","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres condamini condamini","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes (southeastern Colombia to northern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07C05455",null,null,"Archidona, Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Condamini"],["6197","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres condamini gracilis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes (Peru to northwestern Bolivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DEE8100",null,null,"Vitoc, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/57/mode/1up","Eutoxeres condaminei gracilis"],["6198","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres aquila","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.42","White-tipped Sicklebill","White-tipped Sicklebill","White-tipped Sicklebill",null,null,"tropical rainforest and foothill forest in the mountains and slopes of Costa Rica to adjacent Colombia, locally in the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia (Norte de Santander), interior Colombia southward in the Cauca Valley (to Valle del Cauca) and in the Magdalena Valley (to Tolima), west of the Andes in the Pacific lowlands of western Colombia and western Ecuador, and east of the Andes on the eastern slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador to northern Peru, south in outlying ridges of the Andes (including Cordillera Azul, to San Martin and adjacent Loreto)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687013","whtsic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtsic1","avibase-656474D9",null,null,"Vicinity of Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/544/mode/1up","Trochilus Aquila"],["6199","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres aquila salvini","Gould, 1868","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.1, no.6 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"humid foothills of eastern Costa Rica to western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FFDBAF9",null,null,"Veragua, Panama.","LII. On some additional Species of the Genus Eutoxeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88449#page/472/mode/1up","Eutoxeres Salvini"],["6200","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres aquila heterurus","Gould, 1868","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.1, no.6 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes (southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6196987",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.","LII. On some additional Species of the Genus Eutoxeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88449#page/472/mode/1up","Eutoxeres heterura"],["6201","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eutoxeres aquila aquila","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes (Colombia to northern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2B472F5",null,null,"Vicinity of Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/544/mode/1up","Trochilus Aquila"],["6202","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphodon","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus naevius [C. Dumont, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/325/mode/1up","Ramphodon"],["6203","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphodon naevius","(Dumont, 1818)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 10 p.55","Saw-billed Hermit","Saw-billed Hermit","Saw-billed Hermit",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687022","sabher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabher1","avibase-4CAAC972",null,null,"Mount Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/74500#page/63/mode/1up","Trochilus naevius"],["6204","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Glaucis","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.545",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus brasiliensis [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 13). = Trochilus hirsutus J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/299/mode/1up","Glaucis"],["6205","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Glaucis dohrnii","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie (2), 4 p.139","Hook-billed Hermit","Hook-billed Hermit","Hook-billed Hermit",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Bahia and Espírito Santo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687026","hobher2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hobher2","avibase-3593CF6A",null,null,"Ecuador, error = Río de Janeiro by restriction of Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 22, 1938, p. 248.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489753h/f144.item","Trochilus dohrnii"],["6206","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Glaucis aeneus","Lawrence, 1868","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.232","Bronzy Hermit","Bronzy Hermit","Bronzy Hermit",null,null,"eastern Honduras to western Panama; western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686903","broher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broher","avibase-2ABFB40A",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Descriptions of five new species of Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/244/mode/1up","Glaucis aeneus"],["6207","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Glaucis hirsutus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.490","Rufous-breasted Hermit","Rufous-breasted Hermit","Rufous-breasted Hermit",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous forest and scrub, thickets, gallery forest, and river islands from central Panama eastward to the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, in interior Colombia southward along the Río Cauca to its headwaters (Valle del Cauca) and the Magdalena Valley (to Tolima); west of the Andes southward to west-central Colombia (in Valle del Cauca); east of the Andes in the mountains of coastal Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and Grenada (Lesser Antilles), the Orinoco and Caura basins of central and eastern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin westward to eastern Ecuador and Peru, southward to central Bolivia and Brazil (southern Mato Grosso and Goiás, eastward to northern Maranhão and Piauí), and Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (northeastern Ceará southward to southern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686911","rubher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubher","avibase-2486FC78",null,null,"Brazil = northeastern Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/502/mode/1up","Trochilus hirsutus"],["6208","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Glaucis hirsutus insularum","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1913","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft4 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-947F475C",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Zwei neue Vogelformen aus Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/336/mode/1up","Glaucis hirsuta insularum"],["6209","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Glaucis hirsutus hirsutus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.490",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama to western Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCC42043",null,null,"Brazil = northeastern Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/502/mode/1up","Trochilus hirsutus"],["6210","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes","Gould, 1852","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt4 pl.14,15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus leucurus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 20).  ",null,null,null,"Threnetes"],["6211","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes ruckeri","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.46","Band-tailed Barbthroat","Band-tailed Barbthroat","Band-tailed Barbthroat",null,null,"humid forest and borders of the Gulf of Mexico lowlands from southern Belize and eastern Guatemala southward across Central America (except El Salvador) to easternmost Panama and adjacent Colombia, in Colombia in the lowlands near the Andes and foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta eastward to northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela (locally north to Yaracuy), southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Tolima), and west of the Andes southward across Pacific Colombia to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686925","batbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batbar1","avibase-DDCF894E",null,null,"Type locality not known.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/548/mode/1up","Trochilus Ruckeri"],["6212","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes ruckeri ruckeri","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western Colombia to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0393A9FB",null,null,"Type locality not known.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/548/mode/1up","Trochilus Ruckeri"],["6213","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes ruckeri venezuelensis","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (region southwest of Lake Maracaibo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D710C8B7",null,null,"Orope, Zulia, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/12/mode/1up","Threnetes frazeri venezuelensis"],["6214","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes ruckeri ventosus","Bangs & Penard, 1924","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Guatemala and Belize to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B565D02C",null,null,"Pozo Azul, Costa Rica.","The identity of Trochilus ruckeri Bourcier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/101/mode/1up","Threnetes ruckeri ventosus"],["6215","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes niger","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121","Sooty Barbthroat","Sooty Barbthroat","Sooty Barbthroat","2025-0278","Taxon <em>loehkeni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>T. niger</em> based on limited evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>T. leucurus</em> (Hinkelmann et al. 2020), <em>loehkeni </em>aligns more closely with <em>T. niger</em> based on tail pattern; further research into species and subspecies limits in this complex is needed.","humid and swamp forest in French Guiana and northeasternmost Brazil, in Amapá",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219584149","soobar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soobar1","avibase-2CF064E4",null,null,"'In Indiis' = Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus niger"],["6216","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes niger niger","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana and adjacent Brazil (northern Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F803B53",null,null,"'In Indiis' = Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus niger"],["6217","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes niger loehkeni","Grantsau, 1969","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 22 p.246",null,null,null,"2025-0278","Taxon <em>loehkeni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>T. niger</em> based on limited evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>T. leucurus</em> (Hinkelmann et al. 2020), <em>loehkeni </em>aligns more closely with <em>T. niger</em> based on tail pattern; further research into species and subspecies limits in this complex is needed.","northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon River (Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA38910C",null,null,"Serra do Navio, Amapá, Brasil, 15 Sep. 1968, W. Lohken col.","Uma nova espécie de Threnetes (Aves, Trochilidae).","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/209890","Threnetes loehkeni"],["6218","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes leucurus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.190","Pale-tailed Barbthroat","Pale-tailed Barbthroat","Pale-tailed Barbthroat","2025-0278","Taxon <em>loehkeni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>T. niger</em> based on limited evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>T. leucurus</em> (Hinkelmann et al. 2020), <em>loehkeni </em>aligns more closely with <em>T. niger</em> based on tail pattern; further research into species and subspecies limits in this complex is needed.","tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from central and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas west and southward across the Amazon west to eastern Ecuador and Peru, southward to central Bolivia and eastward to eastern Pará and northwestern Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219584015","patbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patbar1","avibase-488FDA28",null,null,"South America = Surinam, ex Edwards, pl. 256, f. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/194/mode/1up","Trochilus leucurus"],["6219","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes leucurus cervinicauda","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A157DDE4",null,null,"Quijos, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/409/mode/1up","Threnetes cervinicauda"],["6220","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes leucurus rufigastra","Cory, 1915","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.9 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-399055C6",null,null,"Moyobamba, Peru.","Notes on South American birds, with descriptions of new sub-species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20394#page/9/mode/1up","Threnetes leucurus rufigastra"],["6221","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes leucurus leucurus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to Suriname, Amazonian Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DDDF461",null,null,"South America = Surinam, ex Edwards, pl. 256, f. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/194/mode/1up","Trochilus leucurus"],["6222","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Threnetes leucurus medianus","Hellmayr, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.18 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastern Pará and northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0229AED6",null,null,"Tury-assú, Maranhão","A contribution to the ornithology of north-eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30791#page/155/mode/1up","Threnetes leucurus medianus"],["6223","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anopetia","Simon, 1918","Notice sur les travaux scientifiques p.38",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phaethornis gounellei [Boucard, 1891]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Anopetia"],["6224","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anopetia gounellei","(Boucard, 1891)","The Humming Bird 1, no.3 p.17","Broad-tipped Hermit","Broad-tipped Hermit","Broad-tipped Hermit",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Brazil (Piauí, Ceará, and Bahia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686985","brther2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brther2","avibase-0475490E",null,null,"'Brazilia'; type from Santo Antônio da Barra, Bahia.","Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds and Descriptions of Several Supposed New Species in Boucard's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127790#page/43/mode/1up","Phaetornis gounellei"],["6225","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus superciliosus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/457/mode/1up","Phaethornis"],["6226","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis hispidus","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.90","White-bearded Hermit","White-bearded Hermit","White-bearded Hermit",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686952","whbher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbher1","avibase-2FA996CE",null,null,"Peru? error = Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/458/mode/1up","Trochilus (?) hispidus"],["6227","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis syrmatophorus","Gould, 1852","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.139","Tawny-bellied Hermit","Tawny-bellied Hermit","Tawny-bellied Hermit",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from northern Colombia southward in the western, central, and eastern Andes to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686937","tabher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabher1","avibase-F8E58273",null,null,"Interior of Quito in Ecuador, i.e. western Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/401/mode/1up","Phaethornis syrmatophora"],["6228","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis syrmatophorus syrmatophorus","Gould, 1852","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B6D635",null,null,"Interior of Quito in Ecuador, i.e. western Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/401/mode/1up","Phaethornis syrmatophora"],["6229","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis syrmatophorus columbianus","Boucard, 1891","The Humming Bird 1, no.3 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C70FD63",null,null,"Colombia; received in a box of specimens from Bogotá.","Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds and Descriptions of Several Supposed New Species in Boucard's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127790#page/43/mode/1up","Phaethornis columbianus"],["6230","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis mexicanus","Hartert, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.425","Mexican Hermit","Mexican Hermit","Mexican Hermit",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and thickets in the Pacific slope of central and southern Mexico, from Nayarit southward to Colima and from western Guerrero eastward to eastern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726352","mexher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexher1","avibase-64C06E6B",null,null,"Dos Arroyos, near Chilpancingo, Guerrero.","Various Notes on Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/485/mode/1up","Phaethornis mexicanus"],["6231","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis mexicanus griseoventer","Phillips, 1961","Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoologia 32, no.1-2 p.340,341",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Nayarit to Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB8F74A0",null,null,"Arroyo de  la  Cordoncillera,  al sur de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, 2 de marzo de 1955; colectado por A. R . Phillips","Notas sistematicas sobre aves mexicanas, I.","https://anales.ib.unam.mx/index.php/anales/article/view/1191/1330","Phaethornis superciliosus griseoventer"],["6232","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis mexicanus mexicanus","Hartert, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (western Guerrero to southeastern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F426FE93",null,null,"Dos Arroyos, near Chilpancingo, Guerrero.","Various Notes on Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/485/mode/1up","Phaethornis mexicanus"],["6233","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis longirostris","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1070","Long-billed Hermit","Long-billed Hermit",null,"2025-0280","Taxon <em>baroni </em>(monotypic) is retained as a subspecies of <em>Phaethornis longirostris, </em>as the evidentiary basis for a split is considered weak. Minor differences in plumage and size (Piacentini 2011) are not sufficiently diagnostic, as these traits vary clinally within the broader <em>longirostris </em>group. Male lek vocalizations are reported to be distinct but are insufficiently studied; more thorough genetic, vocal, and morphological studies are required.","humid to deciduous forest and borders and montane cloudforest on the Gulf of Mexico slope (southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca) southeastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and on the Pacific slope of far southern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama, lowlands of northern Colombia, including the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, eastward to western Venezuela, southward in the Magdalena Valley (to Cundinamarca), and southward in northwestern Colombia to the Pacific coast (Chocó), and in western Ecuador southward to far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,"lobher","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobher","avibase-E2EAB55E",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya longirostris"],["6234","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis longirostris longirostris","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1070",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (northern Oaxaca and Chiapas) to Belize and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAFC4894",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya longirostris"],["6235","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis longirostris cephalus","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C8D8CCE",null,null,"Central America =Río San Juan, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/281/mode/1up","Trochilus cephalus"],["6236","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis longirostris susurrus","Bangs, 1901","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B27B0E23",null,null,"Chirua, 7000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","A new Phaëthornis from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/104/mode/1up","Phaethornis longirostris susurrus"],["6237","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis longirostris baroni","Hartert, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5F512AD",null,null,"Naranjal, Río Pescado, Ecuador.","Various Notes on Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/486/mode/1up","Phaethornis baroni"],["6238","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis yaruqui","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187","White-whiskered Hermit","White-whiskered Hermit","White-whiskered Hermit",null,null,"tropical Pacific Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686931","whwher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwher1","avibase-0D34BFF1",null,null,"Vicinity of Yaruqui, Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Yaruqui"],["6239","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis guy","(Lesson, 1833)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.119,xiv","Green Hermit","Green Hermit","Green Hermit",null,null,"humid montane forest in the mountains of Costa Rica, Panama, and adjacent northwestern Colombia, mountains of northeastern Venezuela (northeastern Anzoategui to the Paría Peninsula, Sucre) and eastward to Trinidad, the Andes of western Venezuela southward in the western (southward to Cauca), central, and eastern Andes of Colombia, and southeastward in the eastern Andes of Peru to southeastern Peru (Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686934","greher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greher1","avibase-5C47DAE8",null,null,"Brazil, error = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/131/mode/1up","Trochilus Guy"],["6240","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis guy apicalis","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes (northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela and eastern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2951CF8D",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/304/mode/1up","Trochilus apicalis"],["6241","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis guy coruscus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"mainly subtropical Costa Rica, Panama, and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7009CD9E",null,null,"Boquete, 4500 feet, southern slope of the Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/34/mode/1up","Phaethornis guy coruscus"],["6242","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis guy emiliae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"major river valleys of west-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A8F1F77",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/329/mode/1up","Trochilus Emiliae"],["6243","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis guy guy","(Lesson, 1833)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.119,xiv",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B498B72F",null,null,"Brazil, error = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/131/mode/1up","Trochilus Guy"],["6244","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis superciliosus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.189","Long-tailed Hermit","Long-tailed Hermit","Long-tailed Hermit",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous and gallery forest from central and eastern Venezuela (south and east of the Río Orinoco) southward across the Guianas to northeastern Brazil (east of the Rio Negro, and south of the Amazon River southward to southern and eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686940","lother1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lother1","avibase-0F0B7973",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/193/mode/1up","Trochilus superciliosus"],["6245","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis superciliosus superciliosus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to Suriname and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D86D8F4",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/193/mode/1up","Trochilus superciliosus"],["6246","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis superciliosus muelleri","Hellmayr, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Pará and Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E06D4305",null,null,"Peixe-Boi, near Pará, [Belém] Brazil.","Descriptions of two new races of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/121/mode/1up","Phaethornis superciliosus muelleri"],["6247","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis malaris","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.2 pl.16","Great-billed Hermit","Great-billed Hermit","Great-billed Hermit",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward across eastern Colombia and Ecuador to northwestern Bolivia, and southward in the Andean Yungas to southern Bolivia; in the western Amazon of Brazil eastward to the Rio Negro region in Amazonas and western Pará, in eastern Suriname east and southward across French Guiana to far northeastern Brazil, in Amapá, and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, from Pernambuco and Alagoas southward to southern Bahia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686946","grbher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbher1","avibase-97C2A2A4",null,null,"No type locality = Cayenne.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false","Trochilus malaris"],["6248","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis malaris malaris","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.2 pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname and French Guiana to adjacent northern Brazil (Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB433B3D",null,null,"No type locality = Cayenne.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false","Trochilus malaris"],["6249","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis malaris insolitus","Zimmer, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1449 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87AFC192",null,null,"Río Huaynia, junction with Río Casquiare, \"Venezuela\" (=Colombia)","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 55, The hummingbird genera Doryfera, Glaucis, Threnetes, and Phaethornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4334/","Phaethornis malaris insolitus"],["6250","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis malaris moorei","Lawrence, 1858","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9B486D7",null,null,"[Napo], Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/286/mode/1up","Phaethornis moorei"],["6251","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis malaris ochraceiventris","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru and western Brazil to lower Rio Madeira (south of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B0F0323",null,null,"Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/478/mode/1up","Phoethornis affinis ochraceiventris"],["6252","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis malaris bolivianus","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to Bolivia and western Brazil (to west bank of Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-493595FF",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/58/mode/1up","Phaethornis Boliviano"],["6253","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis malaris margarettae","Ruschi, 1972","Boletim do Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão 35 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B262956C",null,null,"Córrego Agua Pretta, Fazenda Klabin, Conceicao da Barra, EE. Santo, Brazil","Uma nova espécie de beija-flor do E. E. Santo.",null,"Phaethornis margarettae"],["6254","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis subochraceus","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.170","Buff-bellied Hermit","Buff-bellied Hermit","Buff-bellied Hermit",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Bolivia and adjacent Brazil (western Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686979","bubher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubher1","avibase-4D3CD91A",null,null,"Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of seven apparently new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/210/mode/1up","Phoethornis subochraceus"],["6255","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis eurynome","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.91 pl.31","Scale-throated Hermit","Scale-throated Hermit","Scale-throated Hermit",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous and montane forest in the Atlantic Forest from southeastern Bahia (Brazil) southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, and westward to western Paraná, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686949","scther1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scther1","avibase-8AB95776",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/103/mode/1up","Trochilus eurynome"],["6256","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis eurynome eurynome","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.91 pl.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAC6D79E",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/103/mode/1up","Trochilus eurynome"],["6257","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis eurynome paraguayensis","Bertoni & Bertoni, 1901","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA09195F",null,null,"Alto Paraná between lat. 25° and 27° 30' S.","Aves nuevas del Paraguay : continuación á Azara : (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) : descripción de las especies nuevas descubiertas por el Autor y contribuciones al estudio de la Avifauna Paraguaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/62/mode/1up","Phaethornis paraguayensis"],["6258","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis pretrei","(Lesson & Delattre, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.20","Planalto Hermit","Planalto Hermit","Planalto Hermit",null,null,"eastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686976","plaher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaher1","avibase-3338E424",null,null,"Minas Geraes, Brazil.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/28/mode/1up","Trochilus Pretrei"],["6259","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis augusti","(Bourcier, 1847)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 10 p.623","Sooty-capped Hermit","Sooty-capped Hermit","Sooty-capped Hermit",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous and montane forest on the slopes of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), Sierra de Perijá, and Andes of western Venezuela southward in the eastern Andes of Colombia to Meta and northern Guaviare; in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela from Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula; and in the tepuis of the Guianan plateau in eastern and southern Venezuela, western Guyana and northernmost Brazil, in Roraima and adjacent northern Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686973","socher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socher1","avibase-F7DEB8B1",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Description de Trois Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux Mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489760n/f630.item","Trochilus augusti"],["6260","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis augusti curiosus","Wetmore, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCBA698C",null,null,"Atanques, evel. 2500 feet, Department of Magdalena, Colombia","Additional forms of birds from Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/349/mode/1up","Phaethornis augusti curiosus"],["6261","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis augusti augusti","(Bourcier, 1847)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 10 p.623",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (eastern Andes and Macarena Mountains) to mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2E17062",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Description de Trois Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux Mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489760n/f630.item","Trochilus augusti"],["6262","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis augusti incanescens","(Simon, 1921)","Histoire naturelle des Trochilidæ (synopsis et catalogue) p.16,257",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BB13E1D",null,null,"Quonga; Merume' Mountains and Mount Roraima, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52069#page/28/mode/1up","Anisoterus Augusti incanescens"],["6263","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis bourcieri","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.62 pl.18","Straight-billed Hermit","Straight-billed Hermit",null,null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest from southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to the northern and western Amazon basin, including eastern Colombia, Ecuador, northeastern Peru (southward to Ucayali), and Brazil mostly north of the Amazon River; also south of the Amazon in far western Brazil in Acre and southern Amazonas, and in western and central Pará at the lower Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,"stbher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbher1","avibase-D666062A",null,null,"Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/74/mode/1up","Trochilus Bourcieri"],["6264","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis bourcieri bourcieri","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.62 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11E72742",null,null,"Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/74/mode/1up","Trochilus Bourcieri"],["6265","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis bourcieri major","Hinkelmann, 1989","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 40 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (east bank of lower Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CD76C6B",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajós, Brazil; leg. A. M. Olalla, August 4, 1932.","Notes on the taxonomy and geographic variation of Phaethornis bourcieri (Aves: Trochilidae) with the description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159808#page/561/mode/1up","Phaethornis bourcieri major"],["6266","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis philippii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 10 p.623","Needle-billed Hermit","Needle-billed Hermit","Needle-billed Hermit",null,null,"tropical eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686965","nebher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebher1","avibase-ACCDFD22",null,null,"Bolivia.","Description de nouvelles espèces de Trochilidées (Annales de la Société royale d'agriculture, histoire naturelle et arts utiles de Lyon, t. X).","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489760n/f630.item","Trochilus Philippii"],["6267","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis koepckeae","Weske & Terborgh, 1977","The Condor 79, no.2 p.143","Koepcke's Hermit","Koepcke's Hermit","Koepcke's Hermit",null,null,"foothills of east slope of Andes of Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686961","koeher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/koeher1","avibase-EB1D2D33",null,null,"Peru, Dept. Huánuco, Cerros del Sira 9 30'S, 74 47'W, elev. 860 m","Phaethornis koepckeae, a new species of hummingbird from Perú.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol79/iss2/1/","Phaethornis koepckeae"],["6268","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis anthophilus","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.71","Pale-bellied Hermit","Pale-bellied Hermit","Pale-bellied Hermit",null,null,"dry to humid forest from eastern Panama (including the Pearl Islands), eastward to northern Colombia and western Venezuela; east of the Andes in the mountains of coastal Venezuela (eastern Falcón eastward to western Monagas), and southward in the eastern base of the Andes in western Venezuela to northeastern Colombia (to Meta); in interior Colombia southward in the Río Magdalena to its headwaters (Tolima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686955","pabher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabher1","avibase-0636BA02",null,null,"No locality.","Oiseaux Mouches nouveaux ou mal connus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/79/mode/1up","Trochilus anthophilus"],["6269","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis anthophilus hyalinus","Bangs, 1901","The Auk 18, no.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (Bay of Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F85439A",null,null,"San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.","Birds of San Miguel Island, Panama.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss1/3/","Phaethornis hyalinus"],["6270","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis anthophilus anthophilus","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama to Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F05F648F",null,null,"No locality.","Oiseaux Mouches nouveaux ou mal connus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/79/mode/1up","Trochilus anthophilus"],["6271","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis squalidus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.20, vol.4 pl.120 fig.1","Dusky-throated Hermit","Dusky-throated Hermit","Dusky-throated Hermit",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733913","duther1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duther1","avibase-B9A214AC",null,null,"Brazil; type from Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/163/mode/1up","Trochilus squalidus"],["6272","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis rupurumii","Boucard, 1892","The Humming Bird 2, no.1 p.1","Streak-throated Hermit","Streak-throated Hermit","Streak-throated Hermit",null,null,"humid and varzea forest and borders, gallery, semi-deciduous, and poor-soil forest, thickets, and river islands in central and southern Venezuela and far eastern Colombia, in the Orinoco basin, east and southward to western Guyana and northern Brazil; also in riparian areas along the Amazon River from western Amazonas eastward to southern Amapá, and along the lower Rio Negro to northern Amazonas, and southward along the Rio Tapajós to central Para",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733918","stther1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stther1","avibase-D7585C3D",null,null,"Rupurumi [i.e. Rupuruni] River, British Guiana.","Description of a supposed new Species of Humming Bird in Boucard's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127791#page/19/mode/1up","Phaetornis Rupurumii"],["6273","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis rupurumii rupurumii","Boucard, 1892","The Humming Bird 2, no.1 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to Venezuela, western Guyana, and adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5029E01",null,null,"Rupurumi [i.e. Rupuruni] River, British Guiana.","Description of a supposed new Species of Humming Bird in Boucard's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127791#page/19/mode/1up","Phaetornis Rupurumii"],["6274","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis rupurumii amazonicus","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"along the lower Amazon River in north-central Brazil east of lower Rio Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66492B4B",null,null,"Itaituba, near Santarem, Brazil.","Exhibition of seven new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/108/mode/1up","Phaethornis rupurumii amazonicus"],["6275","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis nattereri","Berlepsch, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.19 p.289","Cinnamon-throated Hermit","Cinnamon-throated Hermit","Cinnamon-throated Hermit",null,null,"eastern Bolivia and adjacent southwestern Brazil; northeastern Brazil (Maranhão to Ceará)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686982","cither1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cither1","avibase-9397CA04",null,null,"Caicara and Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].","Descriptions of new Species and Subspecies of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/335/mode/1up","Phaëthornis nattereri"],["6276","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis idaliae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1856)","Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. (nouvelle série.) n.s., 3 p.187","Minute Hermit","Minute Hermit","Minute Hermit",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687010","minher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minher1","avibase-6B680669",null,null,"Interior of Brazil.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23255#page/207/mode/1up","Trochilus Idaliae"],["6277","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis aethopygus","Zimmer, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1449 p.48","Tapajos Hermit","Tapajos Hermit","Tapajos Hermit",null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil, east of the Rio Tapajós and Rio Teles Peres",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736463","lither3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lither3","avibase-B5AA306A",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, right bank Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 55, The hummingbird genera Doryfera, Glaucis, Threnetes, and Phaethornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4334/","Phaethornis longuemareus aethopyga"],["6278","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis longuemareus","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.15, p.160 pl.2,62","Little Hermit","Little Hermit","Little Hermit",null,null,"northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad to French Guiana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736557","lither2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lither2","avibase-95CAE4C3",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/172/mode/1up","Trochilus Longuemareus"],["6279","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis griseogularis","Gould, 1851","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt2 pl.14,text","Grey-chinned Hermit","Gray-chinned Hermit",null,"2025-0282","Taxon <em>porcullae </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phaethornis griseogularis </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Although the plumage of <em>porcullae </em>is paler than that of nominate <em>griseogularis</em>, subspecies <em>zonura </em>is geographically and phenotypically intermediate (Zimmer 1950). Further research needed to determine if this pattern is clinal variation or evidence of introgression; analysis of vocalizations would be especially informative.","humid to semi-humid forest and scrub, and gallery and montane forest in the tepuis of southern Venezuela and northernmost Brazil (Roraima), the Andes of western Venezuela southward in the eastern Andes of Colombia to northernmost Peru in the dry upper Marañón Valley, and the Andes of southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru",null,null,null,"gycher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycher1","avibase-72304E21",null,null,"Colombia.","On some new species of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108333#page/285/mode/1up","Phaethornis griseogularis"],["6280","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis griseogularis griseogularis","Gould, 1851","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt2 pl.14,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northern Peru, southern Venezuela, and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7CF5F84",null,null,"Colombia.","On some new species of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108333#page/285/mode/1up","Phaethornis griseogularis"],["6281","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis griseogularis zonura","Gould, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Marañón Valley in eastern Cajamarca and adjacent Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BA599EC",null,null,"Peru.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/387/mode/1up","Phaethornis zonura"],["6282","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis griseogularis porcullae","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"lower slopes of west side of Andes of southwestern Ecuador (Loja) and northwestern Peru (Tumbes, Piura, and Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE15C28A",null,null,"Porculla Pass, 5200 feet, Dept. Lambayeque, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Phaethornis porcullae"],["6283","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis striigularis","Gould, 1854","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt8 pl.[15],text","Stripe-throated Hermit","Stripe-throated Hermit","Stripe-throated Hermit",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous forest on the Gulf of Mexico slopes from southern Veracruz (Mexico), southward across northern Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras to eastern Panama, also in the Pacific lowlands of southeastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, in the lowlands of northern Colombia eastward to the foothills of the Andes in western Venezuela, and in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Vargas and Miranda); southward in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Valle del Cauca and Huila), west of the Andes in western Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730147","stther2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stther2","avibase-2FF56FC2",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108333#page/289/mode/1up","Phaëthornis striigularis"],["6284","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis striigularis saturatus","Ridgway, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0D81ED5",null,null,"El Hogar, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/76/mode/1up","Phaethornis adolphi saturatus"],["6285","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis striigularis subrufescens","Chapman, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2D4D375",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia : a contribution to a biological survey of South America","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Phaethornis striigularis subrufescens"],["6286","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis striigularis striigularis","Gould, 1854","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt8 pl.[15],text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Magdalena Valley) and adjacent western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D621671E",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108333#page/289/mode/1up","Phaëthornis striigularis"],["6287","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis striigularis ignobilis","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9908FE81",null,null,"Las Quiguas, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/215/mode/1up","Phoethornis striigularis ignobilis"],["6288","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis atrimentalis","Lawrence, 1858","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.260","Black-throated Hermit","Black-throated Hermit","Black-throated Hermit",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to central-eastern Peru and eastward to far southeastern Colombia, in Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733197","bkther1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkther1","avibase-BF1FDF21",null,null,"[Napo], Ecuador.","Seven new species of humming birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/288/mode/1up","Phaethornis atrimentalis"],["6289","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis atrimentalis atrimentalis","Lawrence, 1858","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38C2845F",null,null,"[Napo], Ecuador.","Seven new species of humming birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/288/mode/1up","Phaethornis atrimentalis"],["6290","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis atrimentalis riojae","Berlepsch, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A7F6BE4",null,null,"Rioja, Peru.","Descriptions of two new Birds from Northern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/212/mode/1up","Phaethornis riojae"],["6291","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis stuarti","Hartert, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.39","White-browed Hermit","White-browed Hermit","White-browed Hermit",null,null,"foothills of southeastern Peru to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686994","whbher3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbher3","avibase-98F9AA07",null,null,"Salinas, Beni River, Bolivia.","[Exhibition of a new species of Humming-bird].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/399/mode/1up","Phaethornis stuarti"],["6292","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis ruber","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121","Reddish Hermit","Reddish Hermit","Reddish Hermit",null,null,"varied forest and woodland types of lowlands and foothills of Amazonia and the Guianas, and throughout other zones of Brazil southward to São Paulo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686991","redher1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redher1","avibase-1EAB2C48",null,null,"Surinam, ex Edwards p. 32, pl. 32, upp. f.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus ruber"],["6293","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis ruber episcopus","Gould, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.327 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Venezuela, Guyana, and adjacent Roraima (far northwestern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-162D72BD",null,null,"British Guiana.","Descriptions of Three New Species of the Genus Phaëthornis, Family Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/26/mode/1up","Phaethornis episcopus"],["6294","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis ruber ruber","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname and French Guiana southward to northern Bolivia and eastward to São Paulo (southeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23EFFE3C",null,null,"Surinam, ex Edwards p. 32, pl. 32, upp. f.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus ruber"],["6295","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis ruber nigricinctus","Lawrence, 1858","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia eastward to southwestern Venezuela and southward to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-433BF418",null,null,"Ecuador.","Seven new species of humming birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/288/mode/1up","Phaethornis nigricinctus"],["6296","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaethornis ruber longipennis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of Pasco to Cusco (central to southeastern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF0FF824",null,null,"Chanchamayo, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/57/mode/1up","Phaethornis rufigaster longipennis"],["6297","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doryfera","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.175 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus ludovicae [Bourcier & Mulsant, 1847]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 22).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/597/mode/1up","Doryfera"],["6298","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doryfera ludovicae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1847)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 10 p.136","Green-fronted Lancebill","Green-fronted Lancebill","Green-fronted Lancebill",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the mountains of Costa Rica eastward to western Panama, also eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; and in the Andes from western Venezuela southwestward in the western and central Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador, and in the eastern Andes of Colombia southward to central Bolivia, to Cochabamba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687035","grflan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grflan1","avibase-0EB01930",null,null,"Colombia, restricted to Buena Vista, 4500 feet, Eastern Andes above Villavicencio.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau-Mouche.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489760n/f143.item","Trochilus ludovicae"],["6299","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doryfera ludovicae veraguensis","Salvin, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-354D514B",null,null,"Cordillera de Tolé, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/176/mode/1up","Dorifera veraguensis"],["6300","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doryfera ludovicae ludovicae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1847)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 10 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Panama to Colombia, western Venezuela, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D1FDC6D",null,null,"Colombia, restricted to Buena Vista, 4500 feet, Eastern Andes above Villavicencio.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau-Mouche.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489760n/f143.item","Trochilus ludovicae"],["6301","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doryfera johannae","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.45","Blue-fronted Lancebill","Blue-fronted Lancebill","Blue-fronted Lancebill",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes from central Colombia, from western Casanare, southward to central Peru, in Junín; also in the tepuis of southern and eastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and northernmost Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687032","blflan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blflan1","avibase-60EFC383",null,null,"Bourcier, Rev. Zool., Aug. 1847, p. 257.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/547/mode/1up","Trochilus Johannae"],["6302","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doryfera johannae johannae","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3676C138",null,null,"Bourcier, Rev. Zool., Aug. 1847, p. 257.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/547/mode/1up","Trochilus Johannae"],["6303","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doryfera johannae guianensis","(Boucard, 1893)","The Humming Bird 3, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, southern Guyana, and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFADDF95",null,null,"Merumé Mountains and Carimang River, British Guiana.","Descriptions of several supposed New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127783#page/20/mode/1up","Hemistephania guianensis"],["6304","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Schistes","Gould, 1851","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus geoffroyi [Bourcier, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 24).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/402/mode/1up","Schistes"],["6305","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Schistes albogularis","Gould, 1852","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.140","White-throated Daggerbill","White-throated Daggerbill","Western Wedge-billed Hummingbird",null,null,"both slopes of western Andes and west slope of central Andes of Colombia and west slope of Andes of western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726824","webhum3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/webhum3","avibase-DBD9E3FF",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador = west side of Pichincha at 6000 feet, ex Monogr. Trochil., pt. 6, 1853.","Descriptions of three new species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/402/mode/1up","Schistes albogularis"],["6306","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Schistes geoffroyi","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.101","Geoffroy's Daggerbill","Geoffroy's Daggerbill","Eastern Wedge-billed Hummingbird",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy eastward to western Miranda), in Sierra de Perijá, the Andes of western Venezuela southward in the eastern Andes of Colombia (including the headwaters of the Río Magdalena), the central Andes, the eastern Andes of Ecuador and far northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru from Amazonas south and east of the Marañón, southeastward to central Bolivia (to Cochabamba and western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726816","webhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/webhum1","avibase-1638D555",null,null,"Cauca valley, near Cartagena, Colombia; error, El Roble, above Fusugasuga, Colombia, substituted by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 322.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/109/mode/1up","Trochilus Geoffroyi"],["6307","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Schistes geoffroyi geoffroyi","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia to northern Venezuela and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC193386",null,null,"Cauca valley, near Cartagena, Colombia; error, El Roble, above Fusugasuga, Colombia, substituted by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 322.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/109/mode/1up","Trochilus Geoffroyi"],["6308","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Schistes geoffroyi chapmani","Berlioz, 1941","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 11 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24F58A34",null,null,"Roquefalda and Yungas, Cochabamba, Bolivia","Note critique sur une sous-espèce de Trochilidé Schistes a. bolivianus Simon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313223#page/244/mode/1up","Schistes Geoffroyi chapmani"],["6309","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Augastes","Gould, 1849","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt1 pl.15,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus superbus [Vieillot, 1822]; type by monotypy = Trochilus scutatus Temminck, 1824",null,null,null,"Augastes"],["6310","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Augastes lumachella","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.12 p.315","Hooded Visorbearer","Hooded Visorbearer","Hooded Visorbearer",null,null,"locally in northeastern Brazilian plateaux (Bahia and Minas Gerais)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688069","hoovis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoovis2","avibase-DFFC8C88",null,null,"Bahia.","Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/323/mode/1up","Ornismya lumachella"],["6311","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Augastes scutatus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.50, vol.4 pl.299 fig.3","Hyacinth Visorbearer","Hyacinth Visorbearer","Hyacinth Visorbearer",null,null,"campos rupestres, montane forest, and gallery forest and scrub in the highlands of the Cerrado in central Minas Gerais",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688090","hyavis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hyavis1","avibase-443B3BC2",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/185/mode/1up","Trochilus scutatus"],["6312","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Augastes scutatus scutatus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.50, vol.4 pl.299 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"high montane forest of southeastern Brazil (central and eastern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48E77ADD",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/185/mode/1up","Trochilus scutatus"],["6313","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Augastes scutatus ilseae","Grantsau, 1967","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 21 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"mid-montane forest of southeastern Brazil (central and eastern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B932715",null,null,"Minas Gerais, Serrado Caraga","Sobre o genero Augastes, com a descrição de una subespécie nova (Aves, Trochiliidae).","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/209548","Augastes scutatus ilseae"],["6314","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Augastes scutatus soaresi","Ruschi, 1963","Boletim do Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão 4 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio Paricicaba basin in south-central Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-331D5AC2",null,null,"Fazenda Alegria, Municipio Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais","A atual distribuição Geográfica das espécies do Gènero Augastes, com a descrição de uma nova sub-espécie: Augastes scutatus soaresi Ruschi e a chave artificial e analítica para o reconhecimento das mesmas.",null,"Augastes scutatus soaresi"],["6315","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus serrirostris [Vieillot, 1816]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 21).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/100/mode/1up","Colibri"],["6316","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri serrirostris","(Vieillot, 1816)","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.69","White-vented Violetear","White-vented Violetear","White-vented Violetear",null,null,"savanna of eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687118","wvvear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wvvear1","avibase-5C5475AC",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f75.item","Trochilus serrirostris"],["6317","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri coruscans","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.158 p.44","Sparkling Violetear","Sparkling Violetear","Sparkling Violetear",null,null,"humid montane forest, scrub, treeline and shrubby paramo in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward across the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to northwestern Argentina (southward to northern Mendoza) and northernmost Chile; also in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela from Falcón eastward to Miranda, and in the tepuis of southern Venezuela, northern Brazil (Roraima and northern Amazonas) and adjacent Guyana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687114","spvear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spvear1","avibase-51F7C361",null,null,"South America.","Exhibition and description of three new species of the family of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/412/mode/1up","Trochilus (Petasophora) coruscans"],["6318","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri coruscans coruscans","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.158 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Colombia and Venezuela to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7526ECEB",null,null,"South America.","Exhibition and description of three new species of the family of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/412/mode/1up","Trochilus (Petasophora) coruscans"],["6319","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri coruscans germanus","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, eastern Guyana, and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9DCE012",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/507/mode/1up","Petasophora germana"],["6320","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri delphinae","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.44","Brown Violetear","Brown Violetear","Brown Violetear",null,null,"Belize and Guatemala to the Guianas, Brazil, and Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687106","brvear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brvear1","avibase-A76C26A1",null,null,"No type locality; Santa Fé' de Bogotá, Colombia, designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 870)","Oiseaux inédits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/52/mode/1up","Ornismya Delphinae"],["6321","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri thalassinus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441","Mexican Violetear","Mexican Violetear",null,"2025-0283","Taxon <em>cyanotus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Colibri thalassinus</em> (monotypic) based on plumage and genetics. Differences in ventral plumage between <em>thalassinus </em>and nominate <em>cyanotus </em>are clear and consistent, although plumages in the geographically intermediate <em>cabanidis </em>appear more variable. Species status for <em>cyanotus </em>is also supported by large differences in mitochondrial DNA (Quintero &amp; Perktas 2018) and an absence of mitochondrial DNA gene flow from <em>P. cyanotus</em> (Hernandez-Soto et al. 2018); further research on species limits in this complex is needed.","open mountain slopes of southern Mexico to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,"grnvie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnvie1","avibase-B9BA2058",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/457/mode/1up","Trochilus thalassinus"],["6322","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri cyanotus","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.101","Lesser Violetear","Lesser Violetear",null,"2025-0283","Taxon <em>cyanotus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Colibri thalassinus</em> (monotypic) based on plumage and genetics. Differences in ventral plumage between <em>thalassinus </em>and nominate <em>cyanotus </em>are clear and consistent, although plumages in the geographically intermediate <em>cabanidis </em>appear more variable. Species status for <em>cyanotus </em>is also supported by large differences in mitochondrial DNA (Quintero &amp; Perktas 2018) and an absence of mitochondrial DNA gene flow from <em>P. cyanotus</em> (Hernandez-Soto et al. 2018); further research on species limits in this complex is needed.","montane cloudforest and borders in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula, Sucre), and the Andes from western Venezuela southward in the Andes of Colombia to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and the western Andes southward to northwestern Peru north and west of the Río Marañón",null,null,null,"lesvio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesvio1","avibase-94CB63F7",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/109/mode/1up","Trochilus cyanotus"],["6323","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri cyanotus cabanidis","(Heine, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C083BEE9",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Trochilidica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/194/mode/1up","Petasophora Cabanidis"],["6324","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri cyanotus cyanotus","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81FC15DD",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/109/mode/1up","Trochilus cyanotus"],["6325","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri cyanotus kerdeli","Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1991","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 44 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82E1FBF8",null,null,"De Cerro Negro, Caripe, Edo. Monagas, Venezuela; altura 1.450 m.","Dos nuevas subespecies de aves (Trochilidae y Formicariidae) de la region oriental y occidental de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/dos-nuevas-subespecies-de-aves-trochilidae-y-formicariidae-de-la-region-oriental-y-occidental-de-venezuela/","Colibri thalassinus kerdeli"],["6326","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Colibri cyanotus crissalis","Todd, 1942","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 29 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and far northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AA8C470",null,null,"Incachaca, Bolivia.","List of the Hummingbirds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216728#page/390/mode/1up","Colibri cyanotus crissalis"],["6327","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliactin","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.546",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus bilophus [Temminck, 1820]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 14).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/299/mode/1up","Heliactin"],["6328","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliactin bilophus","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.3, vol.4 pl.18 fig.3","Horned Sungem","Horned Sungem","Horned Sungem",null,null,"far southern Suriname to interior Brazil and adjacent eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688119","horsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horsun2","avibase-00B132B4",null,null,"Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/171/mode/1up","Trochilus bilophus"],["6329","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Androdon","Gould, 1863","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.12 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Androdon aequatorialis [Gould, 1863]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88262#page/263/mode/1up","Androdon"],["6330","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Androdon aequatorialis","Gould, 1863","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.12, no.69 p.247","Tooth-billed Hummingbird","Tooth-billed Hummingbird","Tooth-billed Hummingbird",null,null,"humid eastern Panama to western Colombia (Chocó) and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687019","tobhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tobhum1","avibase-E82816C6",null,null,"Ecuador.","Miscellaneous. On a New Genus of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88262#page/263/mode/1up","Androdon aequatorialis"],["6331","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliothryx","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.547",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus auritus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 14).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/300/mode/1up","Heliothryx"],["6332","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliothryx barroti","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.72","Purple-crowned Fairy","Purple-crowned Fairy","Purple-crowned Fairy",null,null,"Gulf slope of southeastern Mexico to southwestern Ecuador (El Oro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688108","pucfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pucfai1","avibase-B70BC2CB",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia.","Descriptions et figures de plusieurs espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/80/mode/1up","Trochilus Barroti"],["6333","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliothryx auritus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.493","Black-eared Fairy","Black-eared Fairy","Black-eared Fairy",null,null,"tropical rainforest and sandy-soil forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela (including the Paría Peninsula) and the Guianas southward across most Amazonia to central Bolivia (Cochabamba and western Santa Cruz), Amazonian Brazil (eastward to western Maranhão and northern Tocantins and Goiás), and patchily in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas, and southern Bahia southward to Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688111","bkefai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkefai1","avibase-EFBDAE18",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/505/mode/1up","Trochilus auritus"],["6334","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliothryx auritus auritus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69F4072F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/505/mode/1up","Trochilus auritus"],["6335","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliothryx auritus phainolaemus","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (Pará and Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8CA77A0",null,null,"Rio Napo, error = Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/863/mode/1up","Heliothrix phaïnolaema"],["6336","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliothryx auritus auriculatus","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.5 pl.2 fig.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian and southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18A7C2BD",null,null,"No locality, = Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false","Trochilus auriculatus"],["6337","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.40;3, p.667",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus thaumantias [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Trochilus thaumantias Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/82/mode/1up","Polytmus"],["6338","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus guainumbi","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.2 no.60","White-tailed Goldenthroat","White-tailed Goldenthroat","White-tailed Goldenthroat",null,null,"shrubby savanna, Cerrado, swamps, and grasslands in western, central, and northeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, far northern Brazil (Roraima), and Trinidad southwestward to northeastern Colombia (southward to southern Meta and northern Caqueta), isolated in northwestern Colombia (Chocó and northern Antioquia), and on the western side of the eastern Andes (Santander and Norte de Santander), southward from the Guianas across northeastern and eastern Brazil (to Rio de Janeiro and across interior Brazil to northern Rio Grande do Sul), eastern and northern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and westward across northern Bolivia to far eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687482","whtgol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtgol1","avibase-D78E94DF",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, error = Surinam, cf. Richmond, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, 1905, p. 344.",null,null,"Trochilus guainumbi"],["6339","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus guainumbi andinus","Simon, 1921","Histoire naturelle des Trochilidæ (synopsis et catalogue) p.101,316",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (south to Meta and Vichada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FDDBB37",null,null,"Colombie : savane de Bogotá",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52069#page/113/mode/1up","Polytmus thaumantias andinus"],["6340","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus guainumbi guainumbi","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.2 no.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela and Trinidad to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B3D2B7B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, error = Surinam, cf. Richmond, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, 1905, p. 344.",null,null,"Trochilus guainumbi"],["6341","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus guainumbi thaumantias","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to eastern Paraguay, central and eastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2985A8B0",null,null,"South America; restricted to Sergipe, Brazil by Hellmayr, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/194/mode/1up","Trochilus Thaumantias"],["6342","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus milleri","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.14","Tepui Goldenthroat","Tepui Goldenthroat","Tepui Goldenthroat",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687485","tepgol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tepgol1","avibase-E424717B",null,null,"Mt. Duida, 4700 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Waldronia milleri"],["6343","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus theresiae","(Maia, 1843)","Minerva Brasiliense 1 p.2","Green-tailed Goldenthroat","Green-tailed Goldenthroat","Green-tailed Goldenthroat",null,null,"sandy-soil and gallery forest, scrubby savanna in southern Venezuela southwestward to eastern Colombia and patchily in eastern Peru and northern Bolivia, and in the Amazon of Brazil eastward to northern Maranhão (but absent from Acre and western Amazonas); also in the Guianan plateau from eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687488","grtgol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtgol1","avibase-5CA2331E",null,null,"Pará.",null,null,"Ornismya theresiae"],["6344","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus theresiae theresiae","(Maia, 1843)","Minerva Brasiliense 1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and north-central Brazil (Amazonas, Pará and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F1E09CC",null,null,"Pará.",null,null,"Ornismya theresiae"],["6345","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polytmus theresiae leucorrhous","Sclater & Salvin, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.584",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of Colombia to southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil; also locally in eastern Peru (Loreto and Madre de Dios), and locally in northwestern Bolivia (La Paz and Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03CB750E",null,null,"Cobati, upper Río Negro.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace on the Lower Amazons and Rio Negro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/606/mode/1up","Polytmus leucorrhous"],["6346","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Avocettula","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.xxxix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya avocetta [Lesson, 1832]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 23). = Trochilus recurvirostris Swainson, 1822",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/99/mode/1up","Avocettula"],["6347","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Avocettula recurvirostris","(Swainson, 1822)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.20 pl.105,text","Fiery-tailed Awlbill","Fiery-tailed Awlbill","Fiery-tailed Awlbill",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and north-central Brazil; eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687146","fitawl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fitawl1","avibase-6B46AD2F",null,null,"Peru; error, Cayenne designated by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 264.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/243/mode/1up","Trochilus recurvirostris"],["6348","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysolampis","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.546",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus mosquitus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 14).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/299/mode/1up","Chrysolampis"],["6349","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysolampis mosquitus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.120","Ruby-topaz Hummingbird","Ruby-topaz Hummingbird","Ruby-topaz Hummingbird",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to Colombia, Venezuela, eastern Bolivia, and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687160","ruthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruthum1","avibase-0ED012F9",null,null,"'In Indus'; error = Surinam by substitution of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 87, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/138/mode/1up","Trochilus Mosquitus"],["6350","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eulampis","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.547",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus auratus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 13). = Trochilus jugularis Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/300/mode/1up","Eulampis"],["6351","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eulampis jugularis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.190","Purple-throated Carib","Purple-throated Carib","Purple-throated Carib",null,null,"montane forest of Lesser Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687151","putcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putcar1","avibase-BFD2BE29",null,null,"Cayenne, Surinam; error = Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/194/mode/1up","Trochilus jugularis"],["6352","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eulampis holosericeus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.120","Green-throated Carib","Green-throated Carib","Green-throated Carib",null,null,"varied wooded habitats from lowland to mountains; coastal Puerto Rico (except western) and satellite islands, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles southward to Grenada",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687154","grtcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtcar1","avibase-C68FB697",null,null,"America = Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/138/mode/1up","Trochilus holosericeus"],["6353","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eulampis holosericeus holosericeus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles (except Grenada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6237A2E1",null,null,"America = Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/138/mode/1up","Trochilus holosericeus"],["6354","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eulampis holosericeus chlorolaemus","Gould, 1857","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt14 pl.7,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-248E5AD4",null,null,"Caribbean Islands = Grenada, cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 520.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108332#page/183/mode/1up","Eulampis chlorolaemus"],["6355","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.545",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus violicauda [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1879, Classif. Syn. Trochilidae, p. 37). = Trochilus viridigula Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/299/mode/1up","Anthracothorax"],["6356","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax mango","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121","Jamaican Mango","Jamaican Mango","Jamaican Mango",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687133","jamman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamman1","avibase-99EDC044",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus Mango"],["6357","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax viridis","(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)","Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques 1 p.83 (or 101), pl.41","Green Mango","Green Mango","Green Mango",null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687143","greman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greman1","avibase-03680018",null,null,"Guiana",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109199#page/207/mode/1up","Trochilus viridis"],["6358","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax dominicus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.191","Hispaniolan Mango","Hispaniolan Mango","Hispaniolan Mango","2025-0285","Taxon <em>aurulentus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anthracothorax dominicus </em>(monotypic) based on differences in morphology and male plumage; tail patterns of females may also differ (Ridgway 1911). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data show these taxa to be clearly separable (Lelevier 2008); further research warranted.","Hispaniola and satellite islands Île-à-Vache, Tortue, Gonâve, and Beata",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725737","antman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antman2","avibase-C8DB5DBF",null,null,"Dominica, i.e. Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/195/mode/1up","Trochilus dominicus"],["6359","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax aurulentus","(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)","Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques 1 p.29,31 (or 34), pl.12,13","Puerto Rican Mango","Puerto Rican Mango","Puerto Rican Mango","2025-0285","Taxon <em>aurulentus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anthracothorax dominicus </em>(monotypic) based on differences in morphology and male plumage; tail patterns of females may also differ (Ridgway 1911). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data show these taxa to be clearly separable (Lelevier 2008); further research warranted.","Puerto Rico including Isla de Culebra and Isla de Vieques (both just east of Puerto Rico), and Virgin Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725745","antman3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antman3","avibase-3C70A96A",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109199#page/80/mode/1up","Trochilus aurulentus"],["6360","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax nigricollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.349","Black-throated Mango","Black-throated Mango","Black-throated Mango","2025-0304","Taxon <em>iridescens </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anthracothorax nigricollis</em> based on similarities in male plumage, and biogeographic considerations. Further research is needed to define species limits in this group and may support species status for <em>iridescens </em>(Freile &amp; Restall 2018).","humid to deciduous forest and open habitats from central-west Panama eastward to the lowlands of northern South America in northern Colombia and Venezuela to Trinidad and Tobago; in central Colombia southward in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Cauca and Huila), and west of the Andes in western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru; east of the Andes across Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to western Amazonia in eastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Bolivia, and eastward across the Amazon basin of Brazil southward to Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul and northeastern Bolivia; also in interior Brazil and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil southward to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687130","bltman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltman1","avibase-BC459FEC",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/365/mode/1up","Trochilus nigricollis"],["6361","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama and Colombia east of Andes to northeastern Argentina and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36FEAD7A",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/365/mode/1up","Trochilus nigricollis"],["6362","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax nigricollis iridescens","(Gould, 1861)","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.65",null,null,null,"2025-0304","Taxon <em>iridescens </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anthracothorax nigricollis</em> based on similarities in male plumage, and biogeographic considerations. Further research is needed to define species limits in this group and may support species status for <em>iridescens </em>(Freile &amp; Restall 2018).","western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABEB42D6",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/81/mode/1up","Lampornis iridescens"],["6363","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax viridigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41","Green-throated Mango","Green-throated Mango","Green-throated Mango",null,null,"northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687122","grtman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtman1","avibase-781FA842",null,null,"Cayenne, based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum, pl. 671, f. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Trochilus viridigula"],["6364","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax veraguensis","Reichenbach, 1855","Trochilinarum enumeratio ex affinitate naturali reciproca primum ducta provisoria p.9","Veraguan Mango","Veraguan Mango","Veraguas Mango",null,null,"western Panama (Chiriquí to southern Coclé) and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729026","verman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verman1","avibase-24DDBD0D",null,null,"Veragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105699#page/13/mode/1up","Anthracothorax veraguensis"],["6365","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax prevostii","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.87 pl.24","Green-breasted Mango","Green-breasted Mango","Green-breasted Mango","2025-0304","Taxon <em>iridescens </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anthracothorax nigricollis</em> based on similarities in male plumage, and biogeographic considerations. Further research is needed to define species limits in this group and may support species status for <em>iridescens </em>(Freile &amp; Restall 2018).","gallery forest, mangroves, shrubby savanna, and open habitats on the Gulf of Mexico slope from southern Tamaulipas southward across Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to northwestern Panama, and the Pacific slope southward to central Costa Rica; also in San Andrés and Providencia islands (Colombia) and in the lowlands of northern South America from the Guajira Peninsula of northeastern Colombia eastward across northern Venezuela (to the Paría Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687125","gnbman","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbman","avibase-3625DE61",null,null,"South America, locality not known.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/155/mode/1up","Trochilus prevostii"],["6366","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax prevostii prevostii","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.87 pl.24",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico to Guatemala, Belize, and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85221B10",null,null,"South America, locality not known.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/155/mode/1up","Trochilus prevostii"],["6367","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris","Ridgway, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"El Salvador and Honduras south on the Pacific slope to central Costa Rica, and on the Caribbean slope to northwestern Panama (Bocas del Toro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30876C29",null,null,"Bolsón, Costa Rica.","Diagnoses of new forms of Micropodidae and Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/77/mode/1up","Anthracothorax prevosti gracilirostris"],["6368","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni","(Cory, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.3 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Providencia and San Andrés (off eastern Nicaragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97E5E71A",null,null,"Old Providence Island [Isla de Providencia, Colombia]","Descriptions of six supposed new species of birds from the Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/1/","Lampornis hendersoni"],["6369","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthracothorax prevostii viridicordatus","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula) and coastal northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003E5E8C",null,null,"El Panorama, Río Aurare, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/12/mode/1up","Anthracothorax prevosti viridicordatus"],["6370","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia","Simon, 1918","Notice sur les travaux scientifiques p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus aureliae [Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Haplophaedia"],["6371","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia lugens","(Gould, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.140","Hoary Puffleg","Hoary Puffleg","Hoary Puffleg",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687957","hoapuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoapuf1","avibase-745C796B",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/402/mode/1up","Eriopus lugens"],["6372","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia assimilis","(Elliot, 1876)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1 p.227","Buff-thighed Puffleg","Buff-thighed Puffleg","Buff-thighed Puffleg",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of eastern Peru south and east of the Río Marañón (from Amazonas) southward to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733901","butpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butpuf1","avibase-053F6E2A",null,null,"Apollo and Tilo-tilo, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110342#page/237/mode/1up","Eriocnemis assimilis"],["6373","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia assimilis affinis","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 1 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of northern and central Peru (southeastern Amazonas southward to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DACE3E8",null,null,"Ray-Urmaña, Chirimoto, 7000-8000 feet, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50520#page/406/mode/1up","Eriocnemis affinis"],["6374","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia assimilis assimilis","(Elliot, 1876)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia (Cusco southward to Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F26714D3",null,null,"Apollo and Tilo-tilo, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110342#page/237/mode/1up","Eriocnemis assimilis"],["6375","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia aureliae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.315 pl.10","Greenish Puffleg","Greenish Puffleg","Greenish Puffleg",null,null,"montane cloudforest in isolated ridges of eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia (in the western Andes southward to the Río Patía, Cauca), and eastern Andes of Ecuador to far northern Peru, in Cajamarca and Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733896","grepuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grepuf1","avibase-A10F06E5",null,null,"Bogotá.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/327/mode/1up","Trochilus Aureliae"],["6376","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia aureliae floccus","(Nelson, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60 no.3 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia (Cerro Malí, Cerro Tacarcuna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77FE4697",null,null,"east slope of Mount Pirri (at 5,000 feet altitude), near head of Río Limon, eastern Panama; collected April","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Colombia and Ecuador","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/50/mode/1up","Eriocnemis floccus"],["6377","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia aureliae galindoi","Wetmore, 1967","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0004C81E",null,null,"Cerro Mali, 1425 m. elev., Darien, Panama","Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107570#page/272/mode/1up","Haplophaedia aureliae galindoi"],["6378","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia aureliae caucensis","(Simon, 1911)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 2 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Panama to western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-577D19E2",null,null,"San Antonio, 1900 met., Western Andes, Colombia.","Notes critiques sur les Trochilidés. IV. Description de quelques espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/178/mode/1up","Eriocnemis Aureliae caucensis"],["6379","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia aureliae aureliae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.315 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and (?) east slope of central Andes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2E6AB61",null,null,"Bogotá.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/327/mode/1up","Trochilus Aureliae"],["6380","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia aureliae russata","(Gould, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.505",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4DA53C1",null,null,"Ecuador, 'supposed to have been obtained on the banks of the Napo.'","Descriptions of six new Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/615/mode/1up","Eriocnemis russata"],["6381","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Haplophaedia aureliae cutucuensis","Schuchmann, Weller & Heynen, 2000","Ornithologischer Anzeiger 39 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of southeastern Ecuador (Cordillera de Cutucú and Cordillera del Condor) and northern Peru (south to Abra Patricia, Amazonas/San Martín border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-829ECEC9",null,null,"crest of central Cutucu Mts., 2100 m, Morona-Santiago, SE Ecuador, by Niels Krabbe on 20 April 1984","Biogeography and taxonomy of the Andean hummingbird genus Haplophaedia Simon (Aves: Trochilidae), with the description of a new subspoecies from southern Ecuador.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Anzeiger-Ornith-Ges-Bayerns_39_1_0017-0042.pdf","Haplophaedia aureliae cutucuensis"],["6382","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Loddigesia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus mirabilis [Bourcier, 1847]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/142/mode/1up","Loddigesia"],["6383","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Loddigesia mirabilis","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.42","Marvelous Spatuletail","Marvelous Spatuletail","Marvelous Spatuletail",null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (along east bank of Río Utcubamba)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688130","marspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marspa1","avibase-7969608C",null,null,"Chachapoyas, Peru.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/544/mode/1up","Trochilus mirabilis"],["6384","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.xl",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Eriopus simplex [Gould, 1849]; type by subsequent designation (Gould, 1852, A Monograph of the Trochilidae, pt. 3, pl. 8 and text). = Trochilus cupreoventris Fraser, 1840",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/101/mode/1up","Eriocnemis"],["6385","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis glaucopoides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.27","Blue-capped Puffleg","Blue-capped Puffleg","Blue-capped Puffleg",null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687936","blcpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcpuf1","avibase-43D99D3F",null,null,"Valle Grande, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/201/mode/1up","Trochilus (O. [rnismya]) glaucopoides"],["6386","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis mosquera","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.306","Golden-breasted Puffleg","Golden-breasted Puffleg","Golden-breasted Puffleg",null,null,"southwestern and central Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687933","gobpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobpuf1","avibase-E1D0A144",null,null,"Pasto, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/320/mode/1up","Trochilus Mosquera"],["6387","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis vestita","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.12 p.314","Glowing Puffleg","Glowing Puffleg","Glowing Puffleg",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela southward in the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia, and eastern Andes of Ecuador (to the western Andes only in Azuay), to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, in Piura and Cajamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687914","glopuf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glopuf2","avibase-B8D63EF5",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/322/mode/1up","Ornismya vestita"],["6388","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis vestita paramillo","(Chapman, 1917)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"northern end of western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D77C89F",null,null,"Paramillo, 12,500 feet, Western Andes of Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Vestipedes paramillo"],["6389","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis vestita vestita","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.12 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDDCDA36",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/322/mode/1up","Ornismya vestita"],["6390","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis vestita smaragdinipectus","Gould, 1868","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.1, no.5 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-751125FB",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.","XL. Descriptions of two New Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88449#page/338/mode/1up","Eriocnemis smaragdinipectus"],["6391","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis vestita arcosae","Schuchmann, Weller & Heynen, 2001","Journal für Ornithologie 140, no.4 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ADA9815",null,null,"Adult male, AMNH # 483210, mounted on branchlet; collected \"near Loja and Cuenca\", S Ecuador, by O. T. Baron, May-June 1893.","Systematics and biogeography of the Andean genus Eriocnemis (Aves: Trochilidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229681875","Eriocnemis vestita arcosi"],["6392","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis nigrivestis","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie (2), 4 p.144","Black-breasted Puffleg","Black-breasted Puffleg","Black-breasted Puffleg",null,null,"Andes of northern Ecuador (Pichincha, Atacazo, and Imbabura)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687909","blbpuf3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpuf3","avibase-B0BFCB56",null,null,"Tumbaro [i.e. Tumbaco], Ecuador.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489753h/f149.item","Trochilus nigrivestis"],["6393","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis isabellae","Cortés Diago, Ortega, Mazariegos Hurtado & Weller, 2007","Ornitología Neotropical 18 no.2 p.161,162","Gorgeted Puffleg","Gorgeted Puffleg","Gorgeted Puffleg",null,null,"Serranía del Pinche, southwestern Cauca, Colombia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735457","gorpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gorpuf1","avibase-12F472A3",null,null,"elfin forest on 20 November 2006 at Serranía del Pinche, Depto. del Cauca, Colombia (02°16’04.18”N, 77°21’26.41”W, 2800 m a.s.l.","A new species of Eriocnemis (Trochilidae) from southwest Colombia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289725856","Eriocnemis isabellae"],["6394","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis mirabilis","Meyer de Schauensee, 1967","Notulae Naturae no.402 p.1","Colorful Puffleg","Colorful Puffleg","Colorful Puffleg",null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia (Cauca)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687939","colpuf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colpuf2","avibase-CD3CA2CC",null,null,"Charguayaco, 7200 feet, western slope of the Western Andes, Cauca, Colombia","Eriocnemis mirabilis, a new species of hummingbird from Colombia.",null,"Eriocnemis mirabilis"],["6395","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis aline","(Bourcier, 1843)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 5 p.344 pl.19","Emerald-bellied Puffleg","Emerald-bellied Puffleg","Emerald-bellied Puffleg",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes and southern part of the central Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador to south-central Peru, to Pasco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687944","embpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/embpuf1","avibase-39F4DE42",null,null,"Tunja, Colombia.","Descriptions et figures de plusieurs espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.",null,"Ornismya Alinae"],["6396","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis aline aline","(Bourcier, 1843)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 5 p.344 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and eastern Andes of Colombia to Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E71627D",null,null,"Tunja, Colombia.","Descriptions et figures de plusieurs espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.",null,"Ornismya Alinae"],["6397","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis aline dybowskii","Taczanowski, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDC66A0B",null,null,"Ray-Urmaria, 7000-8000 feet, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/75/mode/1up","Eriocnemis dybowskii"],["6398","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis luciani","(Bourcier, 1847)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 10 p.624","Sapphire-vented Puffleg","Sapphire-vented Puffleg",null,"2025-0289","Taxon <em>sapphiropygia </em>(polytypic, including <em>catharina</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Eriocnemis luciani</em>,<em> </em>as plumage differences (tail shape and female ventral coloration) are minor and mosaic-like within this complex. Genetic data are needed to determine species limits in this group.","montane cloudforest and elfin forest in the Andes from southern Colombia southward to southern Ecuador, and in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to far northeastern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,"savpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/savpuf1","avibase-D47BC711",null,null,"Guaca, Ecuador.","Description de Trois Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux Mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489760n/f631.item","Trochilus luciani"],["6399","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis luciani meridae","Schuchmann, Weller & Heynen, 2001","Journal für Ornithologie 140, no.4 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F84173B7",null,null,"ZFMK # 8874, adult male, Páramo Conejos, Mérida, Venezuela, 3000 m, collected in Sept. 1898 by S. Briceno","Systematics and biogeography of the Andean genus Eriocnemis (Aves: Trochilidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229681875","Eriocnemis luciani meridae"],["6400","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis luciani luciani","(Bourcier, 1847)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 10 p.624",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D3FF1AC",null,null,"Guaca, Ecuador.","Description de Trois Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux Mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489760n/f631.item","Trochilus luciani"],["6401","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis luciani baptistae","Schuchmann, Weller & Heynen, 2001","Journal für Ornithologie 140, no.4 p.454",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC8496B5",null,null,"Adult male, BMNH, R O. S. 297; collected near Sincbig (= Sinche) and Guaranda, Bolívar, Ecuador, at 4000 m by R O. Simons, 24 December, 1898","Systematics and biogeography of the Andean genus Eriocnemis (Aves: Trochilidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229681875","Eriocnemis luciani baptistae"],["6402","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis luciani catharina","Salvin, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of northern Peru, from Amazonas (south and east of the Marañón Valley) southward to southeastern La Libertad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6CF11C5",null,null,"Leimebamba, Peru.","On new Humming-birds from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/390/mode/1up","Eriocnemis catharina"],["6403","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis luciani sapphiropygia","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.139, 545",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of central and southern Peru, from Pasco southward to Puno",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30DF6BDD",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/207/mode/1up","Eriocnemis sapphiropygia"],["6404","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis derbyi","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.306","Black-thighed Puffleg","Black-thighed Puffleg","Black-thighed Puffleg",null,null,"central Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687947","bltpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltpuf1","avibase-AD8A1A5A",null,null,"Volcán of Puracé, near Popayan, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/320/mode/1up","Trochilus Derbyi"],["6405","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis cupreoventris","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.15","Coppery-bellied Puffleg","Coppery-bellied Puffleg","Coppery-bellied Puffleg",null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Mérida)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687930","cobpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cobpuf1","avibase-3AA14D7D",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/737/mode/1up","Trochilus cupreo-ventris"],["6406","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eriocnemis godini","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.186","Turquoise-throated Puffleg","Turquoise-throated Puffleg","Turquoise-throated Puffleg",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Ecuador (northern Pichincha) and (?) southwestern Colombia; extremely rare, with no recent reports, and possibly not a valid species","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687922","tutpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tutpuf1","avibase-250E2A41",null,null,"Ravines in the Valley of Guayabamba, [Ecuador].","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/196/mode/1up","Trochilus Godini"],["6407","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus lafresnayi [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by virtual tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/124/mode/1up","Lafresnaya"],["6408","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.8","Mountain Velvetbreast","Mountain Velvetbreast","Mountain Velvetbreast",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward across the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to southeastern Peru, in Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687801","mouvel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouvel1","avibase-9ECA2AFB",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/18/mode/1up","Trochilus La Fresnayi"],["6409","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi liriope","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-812D770D",null,null,"Páramo de Chirua, 11,000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","A new humming bird from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/133/mode/1up","Lafresnayea liriope"],["6410","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi longirostris","Schuchmann, Weller & Wulfmeyer, 2003","Ornitología Neotropical 14, no.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northern portion of the central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4A69D5B",null,null,"Madim, Paso del Quindío, Quindío, Colombia, 2500 m, on 29 September 1909 by A. H. Fassl","Biogeography and Taxonomy of Lafresnaya (Trochilidae), with a New Subspecies from Colombia","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol14/iss2/2/","Lafresnaya lafresnayi longirostris"],["6411","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi greenewalti","Phelps & Phelps, 1961","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (northeastern Táchira, Mérida, and southern Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B3B67C3",null,null,"Llano Rucio, Estado Mérida, Venezuela; 2500 meters","Notes on Venezuelan birds and description of a new subspecies of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107533#page/23/mode/1up","Lafresnaya lafresnayi greenwalti"],["6412","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi lafresnayi","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá, far southwestern Andes of Venezuela (Páramo de Tamá, in southern Táchira) and the eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1A5DFB6",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/18/mode/1up","Trochilus La Fresnayi"],["6413","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi saul","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia, and both slopes of Andes of Ecuador and of northern Peru (north and west of the Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB285F6F",null,null,"Environs of Quito, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/323/mode/1up","Trochilus Saül"],["6414","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi orestes","Zimmer, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1540 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas, south of the Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83AECEC4",null,null,"San Pedro, south of Chachapoyas, Peru","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 61, The genera Aglaeactis, Lafresnaya, Pterophanes, Boissonneaua, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Haplophaedia, Ocreatus, and Lesbia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3700/","Lafresnaya lafresnayi orestes"],["6415","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lafresnaya lafresnayi rectirostris","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern and central Peru (La Libertad to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52826EF2",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/62/mode/1up","Lafresnayea saul rectirostris"],["6416","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus cupripennis [Bourcier, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1879, Classif. Syn. Trochilidae, p. 185).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/25/mode/1up","Aglaeactis"],["6417","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis aliciae","Salvin, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.24","Purple-backed Sunbeam","Purple-backed Sunbeam","Purple-backed Sunbeam",null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Peru (La Libertad and Ancash)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687794","pubsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubsun1","avibase-F1B1E02E",null,null,"Suecha, 10,000 feet, Peru.","[Description of a new species of Humming-bird from Northern Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/318/mode/1up","Agaeactis aliciae"],["6418","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis cupripennis","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.71","Shining Sunbeam","Shining Sunbeam","Shining Sunbeam",null,null,"treeline and shrubby paramo in the Andes from northeastern Colombia southward in the western and central Andes of Colombia across Ecuador to southeastern Peru, to Puno",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687788","shisun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shisun1","avibase-58759895",null,null,"Colombia","Oiseaux Mouches nouveaux ou mal connus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/79/mode/1up","Trochilus cupripennis"],["6419","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis cupripennis cupripennis","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57A9A20E",null,null,"Colombia","Oiseaux Mouches nouveaux ou mal connus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/79/mode/1up","Trochilus cupripennis"],["6420","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis cupripennis caumatonota","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of south-central Peru (Junín, Apurímac, Ayacucho, and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD859136",null,null,"Peru, type from Ecachipata [i.e. Cachupata] district, 11,000 feet, ex Monogr. Trochil., Suppl., 1880, pl. [49]","Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae. (continued from Part XV).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/26/mode/1up","Aglaeactis caumatonotus"],["6421","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis pamela","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.29","Black-hooded Sunbeam","Black-hooded Sunbeam","Black-hooded Sunbeam",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687798","blhsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhsun1","avibase-5370CAE1",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/203/mode/1up","Trochilus (O. [rnismya]) Pamela"],["6422","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis castelnaudii","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.270","White-tufted Sunbeam","White-tufted Sunbeam","White-tufted Sunbeam",null,null,"humid montane, elfin and Polylepis forest in the Andes of south-central Peru, in Huánuco, Pasco and Junín and south in Ayacucho, Cusco and Apurimac",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687791","whtsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtsun1","avibase-0386C00C",null,null,"South America, i.e. Mountains near Cuzco, Peru.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/282/mode/1up","Trochilus Castelnaudii"],["6423","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis castelnaudii regalis","Zimmer, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1540 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco, Pasco, and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EAA655F",null,null,"Rumicruz, Dept. of Pasco, Peru","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 61, The genera Aglaeactis, Lafresnaya, Pterophanes, Boissonneaua, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Haplophaedia, Ocreatus, and Lesbia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3700/","Aglaeactis castelnaudii regalis"],["6424","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaeactis castelnaudii castelnaudii","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Huancavelica, Ayacucho, Apurímac, and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9F1C89E",null,null,"South America, i.e. Mountains near Cuzco, Peru.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/282/mode/1up","Trochilus Castelnaudii"],["6425","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena","Lesson, 1833","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.xviii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya coeligena [Lesson, 1833]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/202/mode/1up","Coeligena"],["6426","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena prunellei","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.70","Black Inca","Black Inca","Black Inca",null,null,"montane forest and edge of west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and both slopes of Serranía de los Yariguíes (Santander, north-central Colombia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687813","blainc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blainc1","avibase-76079E12",null,null,"Facativa, Colombia.","Descriptions et figures de plusieurs espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/78/mode/1up","Trochilus Prunellei"],["6427","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena wilsoni","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.305","Brown Inca","Brown Inca","Brown Inca",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687810","broinc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broinc2","avibase-F2DABE41",null,null,"Juntas, near Buenaventura, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/319/mode/1up","Trochilus Wilsoni"],["6428","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena coeligena","(Lesson, 1833)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.141 pl.53","Bronzy Inca","Bronzy Inca","Bronzy Inca",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), the Sierra de Perijá, and Andes of western Venezuela southward in the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia, to the eastern Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and central Bolivia (to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687807","broinc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broinc1","avibase-97D31AA6",null,null,"Mexico, error = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/153/mode/1up","Ornismya coeligena"],["6429","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena coeligena ferruginea","(Chapman, 1917)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF28191A",null,null,"San Antonio, 6600 feet, above Cali, Western Andes, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Helianthea coeligena ferruginea"],["6430","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena coeligena columbiana","(Elliot, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.21 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21269470",null,null,"Vicinity of Bogotá, Colombia.","Notes on the Trochilidae. The Genus Lampropygia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/79/mode/1up","Lampropygia columbiana"],["6431","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena coeligena coeligena","(Lesson, 1833)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.141 pl.53",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Lara to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62EDE1AA",null,null,"Mexico, error = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/153/mode/1up","Ornismya coeligena"],["6432","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena coeligena zuliana","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2C46D9F",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela, 2000 m","Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perijá Mountains, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/17/mode/1up","Coeligena coeligena zuliana"],["6433","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena coeligena obscura","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B94E3880",null,null,"Vitoc, Central Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/61/mode/1up","Lampropygia columbiana obscura"],["6434","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena coeligena boliviana","(Gould, 1861)","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2FC203F",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/153/mode/1up","Lampropygia Boliviana"],["6435","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena inca","(Gould, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.136","Gould's Inca","Gould's Inca","Gould's Inca","2025-0290","<em>Coeligena torquata sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on plumage and genetics: <em>C. torquata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. inca </em>(polytypic, including <em>omissa</em>); and <em>C. conradii </em>(monotypic). Plumage differences among all three are substantial and mitochondrial DNA data (Parra et al. 2009; McGuire et al. 2014) separate <em>torquata </em>and <em>inca </em>at species level; genetic data for <em>conradii</em>, and the less distinctive <em>eisenmanni</em>, are lacking. Further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","cloudforest of east slope of Andes from southeastern Peru through west-central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726743","colinc3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colinc3","avibase-3DC76B80",null,null,"Coroico, Bolivia.","Descriptions of three new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/184/mode/1up","Bourcieria inca"],["6436","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena inca omissa","Zimmer, 1948","The Auk 65, no.3 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Cusco southward to Puno (southeastern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C55DF4D",null,null,"Huaisampillo (9000 ft.), southeastern Peru","Two new Peruvian Hummingbirds of the genus Coeligena.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol65/iss3/8/","Coeligena torquata omissa"],["6437","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena inca inca","(Gould, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of La Paz and Cochabamba (northwestern to west-central Bolivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E20F8AD9",null,null,"Coroico, Bolivia.","Descriptions of three new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/184/mode/1up","Bourcieria inca"],["6438","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena conradii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.45","Green Inca","Green Inca","Green Inca","2025-0290","<em>Coeligena torquata sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on plumage and genetics: <em>C. torquata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. inca </em>(polytypic, including <em>omissa</em>); and <em>C. conradii </em>(monotypic). Plumage differences among all three are substantial and mitochondrial DNA data (Parra et al. 2009; McGuire et al. 2014) separate <em>torquata </em>and <em>inca </em>at species level; genetic data for <em>conradii</em>, and the less distinctive <em>eisenmanni</em>, are lacking. Further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","eastern Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Trujillo and Mérida)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726729","colinc4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colinc4","avibase-507994F5",null,null,"Vicinity of Caracas.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/547/mode/1up","Trochilus Conradii"],["6439","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena torquata","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.6","Collared Inca","Collared Inca",null,"2025-0290","<em>Coeligena torquata sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on plumage and genetics: <em>C. torquata </em>(polytypic); <em>C. inca </em>(polytypic, including <em>omissa</em>); and <em>C. conradii </em>(monotypic). Plumage differences among all three are substantial and mitochondrial DNA data (Parra et al. 2009; McGuire et al. 2014) separate <em>torquata </em>and <em>inca </em>at species level; genetic data for <em>conradii</em>, and the less distinctive <em>eisenmanni</em>, are lacking. Further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","montane cloudforest in the Andes of far southwestern Venezuela southwestward across the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón southward to southern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,"colinc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colinc1","avibase-A40F87D8",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/16/mode/1up","Ornismia torquata"],["6440","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena torquata torquata","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Táchira) and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5F0BC6C",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/16/mode/1up","Ornismia torquata"],["6441","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena torquata fulgidigula","(Gould, 1854)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt7 pl.9,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C66AEE1D",null,null,"'Northern parts of the Peruvian Andes, including Ecuador.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108334#page/207/mode/1up","Bourcieria fulgidigula"],["6442","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena torquata margaretae","Zimmer, 1948","The Auk 65, no.3 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Chachapoyas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E1E045A",null,null,"La Lejia, north of Chachapoyas, central Andes of northern Peru (9000 ft.), March 13, 1925, by Harry Watkins","Two new Peruvian Hummingbirds of the genus Coeligena.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol65/iss3/8/","Coeligena torquata margaretae"],["6443","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena torquata eisenmanni","Weske, 1985","Ornithological Monographs 36 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru (Cordillera Vilcabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD97104D",null,null,"Cordillera Vilcabamba, 12 38'S, 73 36'W, elev. 2170 m, Provincia de la Convencion, Departmento de Cuzco, Peru; Holotype: AMNH 820361, adult male, 12 July 1967, J.S. Weske and J.W. Terborgh, original no. 1289.","A new species of collared inca hummingbird (Coeligina torquata) from Peru.","https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112852/http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/om/om036.pdf","Coeligena torquata eisenmanni"],["6444","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena torquata insectivora","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DCA75B1",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/306/mode/1up","Trochilus insectivorus"],["6445","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena violifer","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.87","Violet-throated Starfrontlet","Violet-throated Starfrontlet",null,"2025-0292","The monotypic taxa <em>dichroura, albicaudata</em>, and <em>osculans </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Coeligena violifer</em> based on available evidence. Differences in plumage do not provide clear taxonomic indications, although the lack of a \"starfrontlet\" in <em>violifer </em>may be significant. Mitochondrial DNA data (Parra et al. 2009) show divergence of <em>violifer </em>from <em>dichroura </em>at subspecies level, but data for <em>albicaudata</em> and <em>osculans </em>are lacking; further research needed.","cloudforest and elfin forest of east slope of Andes from northern Peru through northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,"vitsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vitsta1","avibase-FA738B33",null,null,"Sandillani Road, Yungas, Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/455/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) violifer"],["6446","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena violifer dichroura","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru (Junín, Huánuco, and Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-019CD871",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/206/mode/1up","Helianthea dichroura"],["6447","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena violifer albicaudata","Schuchmann & Züchner, 1998","Ornitología Neotropical 8, no.2 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (Apurímac Valley in Ayacucho, Apurímac, and western Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FB91850",null,null,"Dept. Cuzco, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Peru, 12o 36'S, 73o 30' W, mist-netted in elfin forest at 3300 m, collected by John S. Weske and John W. Terborgh, 5 August 1967","Coeligena violifer albicaudata (Aves, Trochilidae): A new hummingbird subspecies from the southern Peruvian Andes.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol8/iss2/12/","Coeligena violifer albicaudata"],["6448","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena violifer osculans","(Gould, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.503",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Peru (eastern Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33D28854",null,null,"Cachupata and Huasampilla, Peru; the types claimed in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. are the Cachupata specimens.","Descriptions of six new Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/613/mode/1up","Helianthea osculans"],["6449","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena violifer violifer","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-715C54AF",null,null,"Sandillani Road, Yungas, Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/455/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) violifer"],["6450","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena iris","(Gould, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.251 p.61","Rainbow Starfrontlet","Rainbow Starfrontlet","Rainbow Starfrontlet",null,null,"Andes of south-central Ecuador (Cuenca) to northern Peru (west of Río Marañón in Cajamarca and La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687847","raista1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/raista1","avibase-91FF8A0A",null,null,"Eastern slopes of the Andes.","Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/93/mode/1up","Helianthea Iris"],["6451","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena iris hesperus","(Gould, 1865)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.15 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of south-central Ecuador (Cuenca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B61AE8BE",null,null,"Cuenca, Ecuador.","XIV. Description of Diphlogaena Hesperus, a new Species of the Family Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54289#page/143/mode/1up","Diphlogaena Hesperus"],["6452","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena iris iris","(Gould, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.251 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (Loja) to northern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B27E2836",null,null,"Eastern slopes of the Andes.","Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/93/mode/1up","Helianthea Iris"],["6453","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena iris aurora","(Gould, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.251 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Cutervo, Cerros de Amachonga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C87C5541",null,null,"Eastern slope of the Andes.","Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/93/mode/1up","Helianthea Aurora"],["6454","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena iris flagrans","Zimmer, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1513 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9410618E",null,null,"Chugur, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 60, The genera Heliodoxa, Phlogophilus, Urosticte, Polyplancta, Adelomyia, Coeligena, Ensifera, Oreotrochilus and Topaza.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3917/","Coeligena iris flagrans"],["6455","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena iris eva","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (west of Río Marañón in Cajamarca and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F006759E",null,null,"Succha, i.e. Suecha, Cajamarca, Peru.","On new Humming-birds from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/390/mode/1up","Diphlogaena eva"],["6456","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena iris fulgidiceps","(Simon, 1921)","Histoire naturelle des Trochilidæ (synopsis et catalogue) p.175,364",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (east of Río Marañón in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6392934E",null,null,"Leimabamba and Levanto, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52069#page/187/mode/1up","Diphlogaena Iris fulgidiceps"],["6457","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena phalerata","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.174","White-tailed Starfrontlet","White-tailed Starfrontlet","White-tailed Starfrontlet",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687825","whtsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtsta1","avibase-2954B874",null,null,"Macotama, 8000 feet, error 1 =? San Miguel, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/200/mode/1up","Leucuria phalerata"],["6458","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena orina","Wetmore, 1953","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 122, no.8 p.4-5","Dusky Starfrontlet","Dusky Starfrontlet","Glittering Starfrontlet",null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687828","dussta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dussta1","avibase-A6DBD3C6",null,null,"Páramo de Frontino, 10500 feet, Antioquia, Colombia","Further additions to the birds of Panamá and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55181#page/316/mode/1up","Coeligena orina"],["6459","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena lutetiae","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.307","Buff-winged Starfrontlet","Buff-winged Starfrontlet","Buff-winged Starfrontlet",null,null,"montane cloudforest and treeline in the central Andes of Colombia, from Caldas, southward to northwestern Ecuador (southward to Bolívar) and south in the eastern Andes of Ecuador to far northern Peru, in Cajamarca and Piura",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687837","buwsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwsta1","avibase-0702D924",null,null,"Purace Volcano, near Popayan, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/321/mode/1up","Trochilus Lutetiae"],["6460","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena lutetiae lutetiae","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia, and the east slope of the Andes of Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (north and west of the Marañón Valley in Cajamarca and adjacent eastern Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7384A149",null,null,"Purace Volcano, near Popayan, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/321/mode/1up","Trochilus Lutetiae"],["6461","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena lutetiae albimaculata","Sánchez Osés, 2006","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 126 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of the Andes of northwestern Ecuador (Carchi southward to northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0000CC03",null,null,"forest within the crater of Volcán Pichincha, Ecuador (00°10’S, 78°33’ W)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127064#page/7/mode/1up","Coeligena lutetiae albimaculata"],["6462","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena eos","(Gould, 1848)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.11","Golden-tailed Starfrontlet","Merida Starfrontlet","Golden Starfrontlet","2025-0291","<em>Coeligena bonapartei sensu lato</em> is treated as three monotypic species based on considerable differences in plumage: <em>C. bonapartei; C. eos; </em>and <em>C. consita</em>. Genetic patterns are complex; while <em>eos </em>is separable based on low mitochondrial DNA divergence, <em>bonapartei </em>and <em>consita </em>form a complex with <em>C. helianthea, </em>with haplotypes shared across all three species (Palacios et al. 2019). Limited genomic data also show <em>C. helianthea</em> embedded within this complex as the sister clade to <em>bonapartei </em>(Palacios et al. 2019), indicating genome-wide paraphyly and a history of hybridization; further research is needed.","Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Barinas, Mérida, and Táchira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61173059","gobsta4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobsta4","avibase-D58197D4",null,null,"'Highlands of New Grenada [error] and Venezuela.'","Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae. (continued from Part XV).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/25/mode/1up","Helianthea Eos"],["6463","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena consita","Wetmore & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.135","Perija Starfrontlet","Perija Starfrontlet","Perija Starfrontlet","2025-0291","<em>Coeligena bonapartei sensu lato</em> is treated as three monotypic species based on considerable differences in plumage: <em>C. bonapartei; C. eos; </em>and <em>C. consita</em>. Genetic patterns are complex; while <em>eos </em>is separable based on low mitochondrial DNA divergence, <em>bonapartei </em>and <em>consita </em>form a complex with <em>C. helianthea, </em>with haplotypes shared across all three species (Palacios et al. 2019). Limited genomic data also show <em>C. helianthea</em> embedded within this complex as the sister clade to <em>bonapartei </em>(Palacios et al. 2019), indicating genome-wide paraphyly and a history of hybridization; further research is needed.","Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61173094","gobsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobsta2","avibase-ED9636C0",null,null,"southeastern base of Cerra Tetari, at 2900 m elev., Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela","A new form of Hummingbird from the Perija Mountains of Venezuela and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/333/mode/1up","Coeligena bonapartei consita"],["6464","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena bonapartei","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.6","Golden-bellied Starfrontlet","Golden-bellied Starfrontlet","Golden-bellied Starfrontlet","2025-0291","<em>Coeligena bonapartei sensu lato</em> is treated as three monotypic species based on considerable differences in plumage: <em>C. bonapartei; C. eos; </em>and <em>C. consita</em>. Genetic patterns are complex; while <em>eos </em>is separable based on low mitochondrial DNA divergence, <em>bonapartei </em>and <em>consita </em>form a complex with <em>C. helianthea, </em>with haplotypes shared across all three species (Palacios et al. 2019). Limited genomic data also show <em>C. helianthea</em> embedded within this complex as the sister clade to <em>bonapartei </em>(Palacios et al. 2019), indicating genome-wide paraphyly and a history of hybridization; further research is needed.","eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá to Bogotá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61172969","gobsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobsta1","avibase-BABFAFDA",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/16/mode/1up","Ornismia bonarpartei"],["6465","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena helianthea","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.12 p.314","Blue-throated Starfrontlet","Blue-throated Starfrontlet","Blue-throated Starfrontlet",null,null,"montane cloudforest and treeline in the Andes of northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687834","bltsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltsta1","avibase-F9BD34D8",null,null,"Bogotá.","Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/322/mode/1up","Ornismya helianthea"],["6466","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena helianthea helianthea","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.12 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northeastern Colombia (Sierra de Perijá to Bogotá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8493D1AA",null,null,"Bogotá.","Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/322/mode/1up","Ornismya helianthea"],["6467","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Coeligena helianthea tamai","Berlioz & Phelps, 1953","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 23 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (Páramo de Tamá in Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D2C1A4D",null,null,"Páramo de Tama (3.000 mètres environ d’altitude), en janvier 1941","Description d'une sous-espèce nouvelle de Trochilidé du Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/314139#page/39/mode/1up","Coeligena helianthea Tamai"],["6468","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ensifera","Lesson, 1843","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 7 col.734",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya ensifera [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180984#page/257/mode/1up","Ensifera"],["6469","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ensifera ensifera","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.354","Sword-billed Hummingbird","Sword-billed Hummingbird","Sword-billed Hummingbird",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela to northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687854","swbhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swbhum1","avibase-191F838F",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/362/mode/1up","Ornismya ensifera"],["6470","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pterophanes","Gould, 1849","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt1 pl.7,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ornismya temminckii [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by monotypy = Trochilus cyanopterus Fraser, 1840",null,null,null,"Pterophanes"],["6471","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pterophanes cyanopterus","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.17","Great Sapphirewing","Great Sapphirewing","Great Sapphirewing",null,null,"elfin forest and shrubby paramo in the eastern and central Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador to northern Peru, and south of the Río Marañón in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687804","gresap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gresap1","avibase-D370EC58",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/739/mode/1up","Trochilus cyanopterus"],["6472","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pterophanes cyanopterus cyanopterus","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of north-central Colombia (Santander and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54F598C6",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/739/mode/1up","Trochilus cyanopterus"],["6473","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pterophanes cyanopterus caeruleus","Zimmer, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1540 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Tolima) to far southwestern Andes (Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B55A7C2",null,null,"Páramo Guamues, Nariño, Colombia","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 61, The genera Aglaeactis, Lafresnaya, Pterophanes, Boissonneaua, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Haplophaedia, Ocreatus, and Lesbia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3700/","Pterophanes cyanopterus caeruleus"],["6474","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pterophanes cyanopterus peruvianus","Boucard, 1895","The Humming Bird 5, pt.1 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA813B4A",null,null,"Peru.","Genera of Humming Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127771#page/99/mode/1up","Pterophanes peruvianus"],["6475","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Boissonneaua","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus flavescens [Loddiges, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/607/mode/1up","Boissonneaua"],["6476","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Boissonneaua jardini","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187","Velvet-purple Coronet","Velvet-purple Coronet","Velvet-purple Coronet",null,null,"western Andes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687874","vepcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vepcor1","avibase-1A8C5D44",null,null,"Nanegal, Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Jardini"],["6477","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Boissonneaua matthewsii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.43","Chestnut-breasted Coronet","Chestnut-breasted Coronet","Chestnut-breasted Coronet",null,null,"Andes of far southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, and eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687871","chbcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbcor1","avibase-AF91A813",null,null,"Peru.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/545/mode/1up","Trochilus Matthewsii"],["6478","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Boissonneaua flavescens","(Loddiges, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.7","Buff-tailed Coronet","Buff-tailed Coronet","Buff-tailed Coronet",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela southwestward in the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia, to northern Ecuador (southward to Cotopaxi and Napo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687868","butcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butcor1","avibase-8DA07483",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.","Description of four new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/211/mode/1up","Trochilus flavescens"],["6479","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Boissonneaua flavescens flavescens","(Loddiges, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDB7CAEE",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.","Description of four new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/211/mode/1up","Trochilus flavescens"],["6480","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Boissonneaua flavescens tinochlora","Oberholser, 1902","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1258 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and adjacent northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-431A348A",null,null,"West side of Corazón, Ecuador.","Catalogue of a collection of Hummingbirds from Ecuador and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/403/mode/1up","Boissonneaua flavescens tinochlora"],["6481","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus addae [Bourcier, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Cory, 1918, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, no. 1, p. 259).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/454/mode/1up","Ocreatus"],["6482","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.105 pl.37","Booted Racket-tail",null,"Booted Racket-tail","2026-020, 2025-0293","Ocreatus peruanus and <em>O. addae</em> (including <em>annae</em>) are treated as conspecific with <em>Ocreatus</em> <em>underwoodii</em>, but are retained as separate subspecies <em>O. u. peruanus</em>, <em>O. u. addae</em>, and<em> O. u. annae</em>. Schumann et al. (2016) suggested that the complex comprised 4 species based on morphological, behavioral, and geographical considerations whereas AviList 2025 adopted a 3 species treatment. Based on re-examination of skins, analysis of vocalizations, and discovery of a population of buff-booted birds in the Serranía de San Lucas, Colombia (Lane 2025), a 2-species arrangement seems more plausible. Further research, including broad genetic sampling, will be needed before recognizing any further taxonomic changes within this complex.","montane cloud forest and foothill forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, from Falcón eastward to Miranda, and in the Andes from western Venezuela and the Sierra de Perijá, southward thorugh the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia (northern Chuquisaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687968",null,null,"avibase-D3ECED63",null,null,"Brazil? = Bogotá",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/117/mode/1up","Ornismya underwoodii"],["6483","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii polystictus","Todd, 1942","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 29 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Carabobo to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F843686",null,null,"Galipdn, Cerro del Avila, Venezuela.","List of the Hummingbirds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216728#page/445/mode/1up","Ocreatus underwoodi polystictus"],["6484","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii discifer","(Heine, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Zulia to Falcón, Táchira, and western Barinas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-366346B3",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Trochilidica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/222/mode/1up","Steganurus discifer"],["6485","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii underwoodii","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.105 pl.37",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B6F2F85",null,null,"Brazil? = Bogotá",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/117/mode/1up","Ornismya underwoodii"],["6486","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii incommodus","(Kleinschmidt, 1943)","Katalog meiner ornithologischen Sammlung p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD366387",null,null,"St. Antonio, W Cordillera, 2000 m AMSL, Colombia, 17.04.1909 (Lectotype desig. by Schuchmann 1984)",null,null,"Trochilus Caligula incommodus"],["6487","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii melanantherus","(Jardine, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology p.111 pl.80",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of the Andes of Ecuador (south to El Oro and western Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38DEE56B",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/365/mode/1up","Trochilus (Spathura) melananthera"],["6488","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii peruanus","(Gould, 1849)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt1 pl.10,text",null,null,null,"2025-0293","<em>Ocreatus underwoodii sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on the morphological and behavioral differences (Schuchmann et al. 2016), although further research on courtship displays is needed: <em>O. underwoodii </em>(polytypic); <em>O. addae</em> (polytypic, including <em>annae</em>); and <em>O. peruanus</em> (monotypic). Genetic data are limited but indicate a relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>addae</em> and <em>underwoodii </em>(McGuire et al. 2014); further research needed. (After this AviList decision was finalized, AOS-SACC voted (https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop989.htm) to treat <em>addae </em>and <em>peruanus </em>as conspecific with <em>underwoodii</em>; AviList will reconsider this issue for version 2.)","southeastern Andes of Colombia (western Putumayo, south of the upper Río Caquetá), eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru southward to Huánuco (Huallaga Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0A70C2E",null,null,"Moyobamba, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109468#page/201/mode/1up","Spathura peruana"],["6489","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii annae","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of central and southern Peru (Pasco southward to Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7499A4BD",null,null,"Chanchamayo, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/430/mode/1up","Spathura annae"],["6490","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ocreatus underwoodii addae","(Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of Bolivia (La Paz southward to northern Chuquisaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1800351A",null,null,"Bolivia","Description de nouvelles espèces de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/326/mode/1up","Trochilus Addae"],["6491","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Urosticte","Gould, 1853","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt6 pl.3,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus benjamini [Bourcier, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Urosticte"],["6492","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Urosticte benjamini","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187","Purple-bibbed Whitetip","Purple-bibbed Whitetip","Purple-bibbed Whitetip",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687962","pubwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubwhi1","avibase-AE7EE8C8",null,null,"Gualea, Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Benjamini"],["6493","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Urosticte ruficrissa","Lawrence, 1864","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.44","Rufous-vented Whitetip","Rufous-vented Whitetip","Rufous-vented Whitetip",null,null,"east slope of Andes in southern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687965","ruvwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvwhi1","avibase-C43B3BAC",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Tanagridae, Cuculidae, and Trochilidae, with a note on Panterpe insignis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/64/mode/1up","Urosticte ruficrissa"],["6494","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Urochroa","Gould, 1856","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt12 pl.11,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus bougueri [Bourcier, 1851]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Urochroa"],["6495","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Urochroa bougueri","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.186","Rufous-gaped Hillstar","Rufous-gaped Hillstar","Rufous-gaped Hillstar",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725814","whthil2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthil2","avibase-34C779B1",null,null,"regions chaudes) de Nanegan [= Nanegal], Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/196/mode/1up","Trochilus Bougueri"],["6496","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Urochroa leucura","Lawrence, 1864","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.43","Green-backed Hillstar","Green-backed Hillstar","White-tailed Hillstar",null,null,"east slope of Andes from southern Colombia (Nariño) to eastern Ecuador (south at least to Morona-Santiago) and northern Peru (Amazonas, San Martín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725822","whthil3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthil3","avibase-41B02B1C",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/63/mode/1up","Urochroa leucura"],["6497","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Hylonympha","Gould, 1873","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.12 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hylonympha macrocerca [Gould, 1873]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54290#page/443/mode/1up","Hylonympha"],["6498","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Hylonympha macrocerca","Gould, 1873","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.12, no.71 p.429","Scissor-tailed Hummingbird","Scissor-tailed Hummingbird","Scissor-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (mountains of Paría Peninsula)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687749","scthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scthum1","avibase-E6180714",null,null,"Locality not known.","Miscellaneous. On a new Genus and Species of the Family Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54290#page/443/mode/1up","Hylonympha macrocerca"],["6499","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sternoclyta","Gould, 1858","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt16 pl.6,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus (Lampornis) cyanopectus [Gould, 1846]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Sternoclyta"],["6500","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sternoclyta cyanopectus","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.88","Violet-chested Hummingbird","Violet-chested Hummingbird","Violet-chested Hummingbird",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela and coastal cordillera eastward to Miranda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687753","vichum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vichum2","avibase-B1A4A6A0",null,null,"Venezuela; type from Neiguata Plantation, near Camburi Grande, La Guaira.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/456/mode/1up","Trochilus (Lampornis) cyanopectus"],["6501","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa","Gould, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17 p.95",null,null,null,"2025-1222","<em>Clytolaema </em>is subsumed into <em>Heliodoxa </em>based on paraphyly in the multilocus DNA data of McGuire et al. (2014).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus leadbeateri [Bourcier, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 30, p. 380).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/145/mode/1up","Heliodoxa"],["6502","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa schreibersii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.43","Black-throated Brilliant","Black-throated Brilliant",null,"2025-0294","Taxon <em>whitelyana </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Heliodoxa schreibersii</em> based on minor differences in plumage and (probably) female tail length, and the lack of supporting genetic or biological data; further research warranted.","tropical rainforest and foothill forest in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru (southward to northern San Martin), and adjacent westernmost Brazil, and in southeastern Peru (Pasco to Puno)",null,null,null,"bltbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltbri1","avibase-F3CD71B9",null,null,"Upper Rio Negro, Brazil","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/545/mode/1up","Trochilus Schreibersii"],["6503","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa schreibersii schreibersii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31F0678A",null,null,"Upper Rio Negro, Brazil","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/545/mode/1up","Trochilus Schreibersii"],["6504","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa schreibersii whitelyana","(Gould, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.60 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2088F99E",null,null,"Cosñipata, Cuzco, Peru.","LXVIII. Descriptions of three new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/466/mode/1up","Iolaema Whitelyana"],["6505","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa xanthogonys","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.80","Velvet-browed Brilliant","Velvet-browed Brilliant","Velvet-browed Brilliant",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub in the tepuis of southern and eastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, locally in Suriname, and northernmost Brazil, in Roraima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687718","vebbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vebbri1","avibase-73340764",null,null,"Merume' Mts., British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/112/mode/1up","Heliodoxa xanthogonys"],["6506","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa xanthogonys willardi","Weller & Renner, 2001","Ararajuba 9 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela and northern Brazil (Serranía de la Neblina and Sierra Imeri)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12E19210",null,null,"Amazonas, Serranía de la Neblina, Camp VII, 1800 m, collected by David E. Willard, February 1985","A new subspecies of Heliodoxa xanthogonys (Aves, Trochilidae) from the southern Pantepui highlands, with biogeographical and taxonomic notes.","http://www.revbrasilornitol.com.br/BJO/article/view/1401/pdf_209","Heliodoxa xanthogonys willardi"],["6507","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa xanthogonys xanthogonys","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4B38195",null,null,"Merume' Mts., British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/112/mode/1up","Heliodoxa xanthogonys"],["6508","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa gularis","(Gould, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.310","Pink-throated Brilliant","Pink-throated Brilliant","Pink-throated Brilliant",null,null,"lower east slope of the Andes from southern Colombia to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687721","pitbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitbri1","avibase-79CC5B96",null,null,"Río Napo.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/392/mode/1up","Aphantochroa ? gularis"],["6509","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa branickii","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.140 pl.21 fig.1","Rufous-webbed Brilliant","Rufous-webbed Brilliant","Rufous-webbed Brilliant",null,null,"Andean foothills of eastern Peru and (?) northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687725","ruwbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwbri1","avibase-BC678304",null,null,"Monterico, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/208/mode/1up","Lampraster branickii"],["6510","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa rubricauda","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.17","Brazilian Ruby","Brazilian Ruby","Brazilian Ruby","2025-1222","<em>Clytolaema </em>is subsumed into <em>Heliodoxa </em>based on paraphyly in the multilocus DNA data of McGuire et al. (2014).","southeastern Brazil (Goiás and Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687712","brarub1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brarub1","avibase-A8BB091D",null,null,"Brazil; based exclusively on Daubenton, Pl. enlum. 276, f. 4, restricted type locality, Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/39/mode/1up","Trochilus rubricauda"],["6511","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa aurescens","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.88","Gould's Jewelfront","Gould's Jewelfront","Gould's Brilliant",null,null,"eastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, southern Venezuela, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687731","goujew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goujew1","avibase-0BCA95F5",null,null,"Rio Negro, Brazil, error = eastern Peru, fide Hellmayr, Arch. f. Naturg., 85A, 1919, Heft 10, p. 116.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/456/mode/1up","Trochilus (Lampornis) aurescens"],["6512","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa imperatrix","(Gould, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.296 p.192","Empress Brilliant","Empress Brilliant","Empress Brilliant",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687715","empbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/empbri1","avibase-5F1473EE",null,null,"Andean forests in the neighborhood of Quito.","On a new Genus and Species of Trochilidae from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/994/mode/1up","Eugenia imperatrix"],["6513","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa rubinoides","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.322","Fawn-breasted Brilliant","Fawn-breasted Brilliant","Fawn-breasted Brilliant",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western, central, and eastern (western slope only) Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador to far northern Peru (Cajamarca), and in the eastern Andes of Peru south and east of the Río Marañón (Amazonas to Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687737","fabbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fabbri1","avibase-06B7366C",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/334/mode/1up","Trochilus rubinoides"],["6514","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa rubinoides rubinoides","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5903899",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/334/mode/1up","Trochilus rubinoides"],["6515","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa rubinoides aequatorialis","(Gould, 1860)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt19 pl.5,text",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A6D1C68",null,null,"Quito and Pallatanga, Ecuador",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108334#page/275/mode/1up","Phaiolaima aequatorialis"],["6516","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa rubinoides cervinigularis","(Salvin, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 16 p.325 pl.8 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FFEF553",null,null,"Ecuador?","XL. Descriptions of new Species of Upupae and Trochili in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34415#page/345/mode/1up","Phaeolaema cervinigularis"],["6517","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa jacula","Gould, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.195 p.96","Green-crowned Brilliant","Green-crowned Brilliant","Green-crowned Brilliant",null,null,"humid forest in the mountains of northeastern Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in the foothills of the northern portion of the central Andes, headwaters of the Río Magdalena and eastern Andes southward to Caqueta; and west of the Andes in the foothills and adjacent lowlands of western Colombia southward to western Ecuador (southward to El Oro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687740","grcbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcbri1","avibase-826BF290",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description of Two New Species with the characters of a New Genus of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/146/mode/1up","Heliodoxa jacula"],["6518","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa jacula henryi","Lawrence, 1866","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13FE109D",null,null,"Angostura, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of six new species of birds of the families Hirundinidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/422/mode/1up","Heliodoxa henryi"],["6519","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa jacula jacula","Gould, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.195 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far eastern Panama and Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71A3B9DB",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description of Two New Species with the characters of a New Genus of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/146/mode/1up","Heliodoxa jacula"],["6520","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa jacula jamersoni","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D1959C3",null,null,"Warm valley of Calacoli [= Calacalf?] Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Jamersoni"],["6521","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa leadbeateri","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.102","Violet-fronted Brilliant","Violet-fronted Brilliant","Violet-fronted Brilliant",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), the Sierra de Perijá, the Andes of western Venezuela southward in the eastern Andes of Colombia, the northern end of the central Andes and the headwaters of the Río Magdalena, to the eastern Andes of Ecuador and in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia (eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687743","vifbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vifbri1","avibase-1368181F",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/110/mode/1up","Trochilus Leadbeateri"],["6522","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa leadbeateri leadbeateri","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón to Carabobo and Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52161B92",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/110/mode/1up","Trochilus Leadbeateri"],["6523","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa leadbeateri parvula","Berlepsch, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.179 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BCB9FEE",null,null,"Bogotá.","Kritische Uebersicht der in den sogenannten Bogota-Collectionen (S. O. Colombia) vorkommenden Colibri-Arten und Beschreibung eines neuen Colibri (Cyanolesbia nehrkorni).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/332/mode/1up","Heliodoxa leadbeateri parvula"],["6524","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa leadbeateri sagitta","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BEC3123",null,null,"N. Peru. Restricted to Lomo Santo, Río Marañón by Zimmer 1954","Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/603/mode/1up","Coeligena sagitta"],["6525","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliodoxa leadbeateri otero","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B267D604",null,null,"Peru",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/306/mode/1up","Trochilus otero"],["6526","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sephanoides","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mellisuga kingii [Vigors, 1827]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Orthorhynchus sephaniodes Lesson & Garnot, 1827",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/28/mode/1up","Sephanoides"],["6527","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sephanoides sephaniodes","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 p.681, pl.31 fig.2","Green-backed Firecrown","Green-backed Firecrown","Green-backed Firecrown",null,null,"central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; Juan Fernández Islands (far west of central Chile)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687857","grbfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbfir1","avibase-F9E46CF4",null,null,"Concepcion Bay, Talcahuano, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/73/mode/1up","Orthorhynchus Sephanoïdes"],["6528","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sephanoides fernandensis","(King, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.30","Juan Fernandez Firecrown","Juan Fernandez Firecrown","Juan Fernandez Firecrown",null,null,"Juan Fernández Islands (far west of central Chile)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687863","juffir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/juffir1","avibase-E251911A",null,null,"Island of Juan Fernandez.","Exhibition and description of several species of Birds belonging to the collection recently made by Capt. Philip P. King, R.N., during his survey of the Straits of Magellan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/44/mode/1up","Trochilus Fernandensis"],["6529","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sephanoides fernandensis fernandensis","(King, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Robinson Crusoe Island (Juan Fernández Islands, far west of central Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24CCE0CD",null,null,"Island of Juan Fernandez.","Exhibition and description of several species of Birds belonging to the collection recently made by Capt. Philip P. King, R.N., during his survey of the Straits of Magellan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/44/mode/1up","Trochilus Fernandensis"],["6530","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi","(Gould, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.6, no.35 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Alejandro Selkirk Island (Juan Fernández Islands, far west of central Chile); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-4195C575",null,null,"Mas Afuera Island.","XLI. On a supposed new Species of Humming-bird from the Juan-Fernandez Group of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93156#page/433/mode/1up","Eustephanus Leyboldi"],["6531","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus longicaudus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 22).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/148/mode/1up","Discosura"],["6532","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura letitiae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie (2), 4 p.143","Letitia's Thorntail","Coppery Thorntail","Coppery Thorntail",null,null,"known from three specimens ca. 1852 labeled from “Bolivia”",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687265","coptho2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coptho2","avibase-E77089BB",null,null,"Bolivia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489753h/f148.item","Trochilus letitiae"],["6533","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura longicaudus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.498","Racket-tipped Thorntail","Racket-tipped Thorntail","Racket-tipped Thorntail",null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela to the Guianas and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687285","ratcoq2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ratcoq2","avibase-831ECD37",null,null,"No type locality; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 89.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/510/mode/1up","Trochilus longicaudus"],["6534","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura conversii","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.313 pl.9","Green Thorntail","Green Thorntail","Green Thorntail",null,null,"Costa Rica to Panama, western Colombia, and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687275","gretho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gretho1","avibase-88B5FB8A",null,null,"Bogotá.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/325/mode/1up","Trochilus Conversii"],["6535","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura popelairii","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1846)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.2 pl.6,text","Wire-crested Thorntail","Wire-crested Thorntail","Wire-crested Thorntail",null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687253","wictho2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wictho2","avibase-592083CC",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/220129#page/43/mode/1up","Trochilus popelairii"],["6536","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura langsdorffi","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.11, vol.4 pl.66, fig.1","Black-bellied Thorntail","Black-bellied Thorntail","Black-bellied Thorntail",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward from eastern Colombia to northwestern Bolivia, the Amazon of Brazil(eastward to east-central Pará and southward to central Mato Grosso); also in the humid Atlantic Forest of east-central Brazil (southern Bahia and Minas Gerais southward to Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687259","bkbtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbtho1","avibase-67671AD1",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/175/mode/1up","Trochilus langsdorffi"],["6537","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura langsdorffi melanosternon","(Gould, 1868)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.1, no.5 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AA27A2A",null,null,"Napo, Ecuador, Pebas and Ucayali, Peru.","XL. Descriptions of two New Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88449#page/339/mode/1up","Gouldia melanosternon"],["6538","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Discosura langsdorffi langsdorffi","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.11, vol.4 pl.66, fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFA02BC6",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/175/mode/1up","Trochilus langsdorffi"],["6539","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis","Lesson, 1829","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.xxxvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus ornatus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 14).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/43/mode/1up","Lophornis"],["6540","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis ornatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39","Tufted Coquette","Tufted Coquette","Tufted Coquette",null,null,"eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas to northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687181","tufcoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tufcoq1","avibase-73CC49C7",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Dauberton, pl. 640, f. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Trochilus ornatus"],["6541","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis gouldii","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.103 pl.36","Dot-eared Coquette","Dot-eared Coquette","Dot-eared Coquette",null,null,"lowlands of north-central Brazil to eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687187","doecoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/doecoq1","avibase-F643911E",null,null,"No type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/115/mode/1up","Ornismya gouldii"],["6542","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis magnificus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.367","Frilled Coquette","Frilled Coquette","Frilled Coquette",null,null,"forest and scrub of east-central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687190","fricoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fricoq1","avibase-C2C5F2E3",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/383/mode/1up","Trochilus magnificus"],["6543","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis brachylophus","Moore, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.103","Short-crested Coquette","Short-crested Coquette","Short-crested Coquette",null,null,"southern Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687196","shccoq","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shccoq","avibase-B4FBA85D",null,null,"San Vicente de Benitez, Guerrero, Mexico, alt. 1500 feet","A new hummingbird of the genus Lophornis from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/119/mode/1up","Lophornis delattrei brachylopha"],["6544","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis delattrei","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.19","Rufous-crested Coquette","Rufous-crested Coquette","Rufous-crested Coquette",null,null,"humid forest in far eastern Costa Rica, central and eastern Panama eastward to far northwestern Colombia, foothills of the Andes in the northern end of the western Andes of Colombia, the central and eastern Andes (southward to Tolima), and in the eastern Andes of Peru south and east of the Río Marañón (from San Martin), to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687208","ruccoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruccoq1","avibase-043F6C71",null,null,"No type locality, but probably from Peru; vide Simon, antea, p. 285, note.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/27/mode/1up","Ornismya (Lophorinus) DeLattrei"],["6545","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis delattrei lessoni","Simon, 1921","Histoire naturelle des Trochilidæ (synopsis et catalogue) p.53,285",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from southwestern Costa Rica to Andes of central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05F0B7B1",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52069#page/65/mode/1up","Lophornis (Telamon) Lessoni"],["6546","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis delattrei delattrei","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from southern Ecuador to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36E9E17C",null,null,"No type locality, but probably from Peru; vide Simon, antea, p. 285, note.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/27/mode/1up","Ornismya (Lophorinus) DeLattrei"],["6547","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis stictolophus","Salvin & Elliot, 1873","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.11 p.280","Spangled Coquette","Spangled Coquette","Spangled Coquette",null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia to western Venezuela and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687211","spacoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spacoq1","avibase-09271BAD",null,null,"Antioquia, Colombia.","On two Species of Trochilidae of the Genus Lophornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/302/mode/1up","Lophornis stictolophus"],["6548","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis verreauxii","Bourcier, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.193 pl.6","Butterfly Coquette","Butterfly Coquette","Butterfly Coquette",null,null,"tropical rainforest, riparian forest and sandy-soil forest and scrub in central Venezuela, in the Río Cauca drainage, and in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia, and eastward to Amazonian Brazil (eastward to northern Tocantins and southeastern Pará), and southward to central Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726690","fescoq2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fescoq2","avibase-BF9C468D",null,null,"Peru.","Famille des Trochilidées. Note du genre Lophornis, Ch. Bp.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/211/mode/1up","Lophornis Verreauxii"],["6549","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis verreauxii verreauxii","Bourcier, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.193 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northwestern Brazil, and central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22889057",null,null,"Peru.","Famille des Trochilidées. Note du genre Lophornis, Ch. Bp.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/211/mode/1up","Lophornis Verreauxii"],["6550","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis verreauxii klagesi","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B30DB0D",null,null,"Suapure and La Pricion, Caura River, Venezuela; type from Suapuré","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/109/mode/1up","Lophornis verreauxi klagesi"],["6551","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis chalybeus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.11, vol.4 pl.66, fig.2","Festive Coquette","Festive Coquette","Festive Coquette",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726682","fescoq3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fescoq3","avibase-32949A7C",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/176/mode/1up","Trochilus chalybeus"],["6552","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis pavoninus","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.81","Peacock Coquette","Peacock Coquette","Peacock Coquette",null,null,"foothill rainforest and montane cloudforest in the tepuis of central Venezuela (Cerro Ptaritepui, Sierra de Lema, and Mount Roraima) and adjacent Guyana and far northern Brazil, in Roraima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687235","peacoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peacoq1","avibase-FF8E6E09",null,null,"Merume' Mountains, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/113/mode/1up","Lophornis pavoninus"],["6553","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis pavoninus pavoninus","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela to Guyana (Merumé Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E45CCE5",null,null,"Merume' Mountains, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/113/mode/1up","Lophornis pavoninus"],["6554","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis pavoninus duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Mount Duida) and adjacent smaller tepuis",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D57021AA",null,null,"Mt. Duida, 4700 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Lophornis pavoninus duidae"],["6555","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis helenae","(Delattre, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.133","Black-crested Coquette","Black-crested Coquette","Black-crested Coquette",null,null,"Gulf slope of southern Mexico (Veracruz) to eastern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687241","blccoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blccoq1","avibase-DA45F747",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Description d'un Oiseau-Mouche nouveau, Ornismya Helenae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/141/mode/1up","Ornismya Helenae"],["6556","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lophornis adorabilis","Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.207","White-crested Coquette","White-crested Coquette","White-crested Coquette",null,null,"Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687247","whccoq1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whccoq1","avibase-277C3C50",null,null,"Bugaba, Chiriquí.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/265/mode/1up","Lophornis adorabilis"],["6557","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phlogophilus","Gould, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phlogophilus hemileucurus [Gould, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/392/mode/1up","Phlogophilus"],["6558","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phlogophilus hemileucurus","Gould, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.310","Ecuadorian Piedtail","Ecuadorian Piedtail","Ecuadorian Piedtail",null,null,"locally in foothills of southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687703","ecupie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecupie1","avibase-F231A8EA",null,null,"Banks of the Río Napo.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/392/mode/1up","Phlogophilus hemileucurus"],["6559","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phlogophilus harterti","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1901","Ibis ser.8, vol.1, no.4 p.717","Peruvian Piedtail","Peruvian Piedtail","Peruvian Piedtail",null,null,"subtropical southeastern Peru (Huánuco, Pasco, Puno, and Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687708","perpie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perpie1","avibase-BDFF6CEB",null,null,"Huanaypata, Peru.","Description des trois Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou du Muséum Branicki.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35405#page/787/mode/1up","Phlogophilus harterti"],["6560","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.12",null,null,null,"2025-0287","<em>Heliangelus zusii</em> is not recognized as a species based on genetic evidence that it is a hybrid between <em>Aglaiocercus kingii </em>and an unknown taxon. Mitochondrial DNA data place <em>zusii </em>within a clade of <em>A. kingii </em>from the Colombian Andes (Pérez-Emán et al. 2018) along with the phenotypically similar \"Rogitama Hummingbird\", identified as a <em>Metallura tyrianthina</em> x <em>A. kingii </em>hybrid (Stiles &amp; Cortés-Herrera 2015; Pérez-Emán et al. 2018).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ornismya clarisse [Longuemare, 1841]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 22).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/26/mode/1up","Heliangelus"],["6561","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus mavors","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.12","Orange-throated Sunangel","Orange-throated Sunangel","Orange-throated Sunangel",null,null,"Andes of northeastern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (southern Lara to Táchira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687877","ortsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ortsun1","avibase-B9ADD845",null,null,"Cordilleras of Venezuela and Colombia","Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae. (continued from Part XV).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/26/mode/1up","Heliangelus mavors"],["6562","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus regalis","Fitzpatrick, Willard & Terborgh, 1979","Wilson Bulletin 91, no.2 p.177","Royal Sunangel","Royal Sunangel","Royal Sunangel",null,null,"humid montane stunted forest and scrub and cloudforest in the Cordillera del Condor of far southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru, Cordillera de Colan, Cordillera Azul and outlying ridges of the Andes of northern Peru, in San Martin and Amazonas",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687901","roysun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roysun1","avibase-80D6D83B",null,null,"Cordillera del Condor, above San José de Lourdes, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru, 5 02'S, 78 51'W, elev. 1950 m","A new species of hummingbird from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol91/iss2/1/","Heliangelus regalis"],["6563","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus regalis johnsoni","Graves, Lane, O'Neill & Valqui Haase, 2011","Zootaxa 3002 52-58",null,null,null,null,null,"local in central Peru (Cordillera Azul, southwestern Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C496E1D",null,null,"about 86 km SE of Juanjuí (7 34’S; 75 55’ W; ca 1400 m above sea level) on the east bank of the Río Pauya, Department of Loreto, Peru","A distinctive new subspecies of the Royal Sunangel (Aves: Trochiliformes; Heliangelus regalis) from the Cordillera Azul, northern Peru","https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/17121/vz_Graves_et_al_2011_Zootaxa--A_new_subspecies_of_the_Royal_Sunangel_from_the_Cordillera_Azul,_northern_Peru.pdf","Heliangelus regalis johnsoni"],["6564","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus regalis regalis","Fitzpatrick, Willard & Terborgh, 1979","Wilson Bulletin 91, no.2 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"very local in Andes of southeastern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (Cajamarca, Amazonas, and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF5079F3",null,null,"Cordillera del Condor, above San José de Lourdes, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru, 5 02'S, 78 51'W, elev. 1950 m","A new species of hummingbird from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol91/iss2/1/","Heliangelus regalis"],["6565","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus strophianus","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.158 p.45","Gorgeted Sunangel","Gorgeted Sunangel","Gorgeted Sunangel",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687890","gorsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gorsun1","avibase-D88EA528",null,null,"No type locality = western Ecuador.","Exhibition and description of three new species of the family of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/413/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) strophianus"],["6566","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus amethysticollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.31","Amethyst-throated Sunangel","Amethyst-throated Sunangel","Amethyst-throated Sunangel","2025-0286","<em>Heliangelus amethysticollis</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is treated as three species based on substantial differences in vocalizations (Donegan et al. 2015) and consistent variation in plumage characters (color and size of frons): <em>H. amethysticollis </em>(polytypic); <em>H. spencei</em> (monotypic); and <em>H. clarisse</em> (polytypic). Genetic data are limited and fragmentary (Altshuler et al. 2004; McGuire et al. 2014; Ornelas et al. 2014); further research needed.","montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes of central Ecuador southward to far northern Peru (Cajamarca), and south of the Río Marañón from Amazonas southeastward in the eastern Andes of Peru to central Bolivia (eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60859997","amtsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amtsun3","avibase-D9EBF49B",null,null,"Yuracares, Cochabamba, Bolivia = eastern slope of the Cordilleras in the country of the Yuracares, ex Gould, Monogr. Trochil.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/205/mode/1up","Trochilus (O. [rnismya]) amethysticollis"],["6567","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus amethysticollis laticlavius","Salvin, 1891","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB53A523",null,null,"Intac, Ecuador.","XL. Descriptions of new Species of Upupae and Trochili in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/404/mode/1up","Heliangelus laticlavius"],["6568","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus amethysticollis decolor","Zimmer, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1540 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru (from Amazonas south of the Río Marañón to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B315E38",null,null,"Rumicruz (9700 ft.), Department of Pasco, central Peru, March 22, 1922, by Harry Watkins.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 61, The genera Aglaeactis, Lafresnaya, Pterophanes, Boissonneaua, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Haplophaedia, Ocreatus, and Lesbia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3700/","Heliangelus amethysticollis decolor"],["6569","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus amethysticollis apurimacensis","Weller, 2009","Ornitología Neotropical 20 609-618",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Peru (Apurímac Valley and upper Urubamba Valley, Ayacucho and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-052983A7",null,null,"Yuraccyacu (c. 12°45’S, 73°48’W), Depto. Ayacucho, Peru, 2600 m a.s.l.; mistnetted on 22 July 1970 by J. S. Weske and J. P. O’Neill in understory of very mossy cloud forest","Revision of the Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Heliangelus amethysticollis): a new subspecies from southern Peru","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284716525","Heliangelus amethysticollis apurimacensis"],["6570","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus amethysticollis amethysticollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (eastern Cusco to Puno) and of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz to Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39EC2EE3",null,null,"Yuracares, Cochabamba, Bolivia = eastern slope of the Cordilleras in the country of the Yuracares, ex Gould, Monogr. Trochil.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/205/mode/1up","Trochilus (O. [rnismya]) amethysticollis"],["6571","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus spencei","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.46","Merida Sunangel","Merida Sunangel","Merida Sunangel","2025-0286","<em>Heliangelus amethysticollis</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is treated as three species based on substantial differences in vocalizations (Donegan et al. 2015) and consistent variation in plumage characters (color and size of frons): <em>H. amethysticollis </em>(polytypic); <em>H. spencei</em> (monotypic); and <em>H. clarisse</em> (polytypic). Genetic data are limited and fragmentary (Altshuler et al. 2004; McGuire et al. 2014; Ornelas et al. 2014); further research needed.","Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Mérida)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60860042","amtsun4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amtsun4","avibase-DA50B42A",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/548/mode/1up","Trochilus Spencei"],["6572","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus clarisse","(de Longuemare, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.306","Longuemare's Sunangel","Longuemare's Sunangel","Longuemare's Sunangel","2025-0286","<em>Heliangelus amethysticollis</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is treated as three species based on substantial differences in vocalizations (Donegan et al. 2015) and consistent variation in plumage characters (color and size of frons): <em>H. amethysticollis </em>(polytypic); <em>H. spencei</em> (monotypic); and <em>H. clarisse</em> (polytypic). Genetic data are limited and fragmentary (Altshuler et al. 2004; McGuire et al. 2014; Ornelas et al. 2014); further research needed.","montane cloudforest in the Sierra de Perijá and Andes of far western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, southward to Cundinamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60859989","amtsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amtsun2","avibase-7AA56690",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseau-mouche nouveau.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/314/mode/1up","Ornismya clarisse"],["6573","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus clarisse violiceps","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2675D643",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela, 2300 m","Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perijá Mountains, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/18/mode/1up","Heliangelus amethysticollis violiceps"],["6574","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus clarisse verdiscutus","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Tamá region of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0019540",null,null,"Villa Paez, Páramo de Tama region, Estado Táchira, Venezuela; 2500 meters","Five new Venezuelan birds and nine extensions of ranges to Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/62/mode/1up","Heliangelus amethysticollis verdiscutus"],["6575","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus clarisse clarisse","(de Longuemare, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49FEA7A9",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseau-mouche nouveau.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/314/mode/1up","Ornismya clarisse"],["6576","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus exortis","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.14","Tourmaline Sunangel","Tourmaline Sunangel","Tourmaline Sunangel",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and east slope of Andes of northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687893","tousun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tousun1","avibase-D13C5D60",null,null,"Guaduas, Colombia.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/736/mode/1up","Trochilus exortis"],["6577","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus viola","(Gould, 1853)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt5 pl.1,text","Purple-throated Sunangel","Purple-throated Sunangel","Purple-throated Sunangel",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub in the Andes from central Ecuador southward to northern Peru, to southern Cajamarca, Amazonas, and northern San Martin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687898","putsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putsun1","avibase-E9C20F6C",null,null,"Banks of the Marañón.","Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds.",null,"Heliotrypha viola"],["6578","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus micraster","Gould, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.51 p.195","Flame-throated Sunangel","Little Sunangel","Little Sunangel",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of southeastern Ecuador, from southern Morona Santiago, southward to northeastern Peru north of the Río Marañón, in Cajamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729181","litsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litsun1","avibase-99E728A9",null,null,"San Lucas, Ecuador.","XXI. Descriptions of two new Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/209/mode/1up","Heliangelus micraster"],["6579","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus micraster micraster","Gould, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.51 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BAB1466",null,null,"San Lucas, Ecuador.","XXI. Descriptions of two new Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/209/mode/1up","Heliangelus micraster"],["6580","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliangelus micraster cutervensis","(Simon, 1921)","Histoire naturelle des Trochilidæ (synopsis et catalogue) p.182,369",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-766C292B",null,null,"Cutervo, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52069#page/194/mode/1up","Heliotrypha micraster cutervensis"],["6581","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus sabinae [Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 141). = Trochilus melanogenys Fraser, 1840",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/263/mode/1up","Adelomyia"],["6582","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.18","Speckled Hummingbird","Speckled Hummingbird","Speckled Hummingbird",null,null,"humid montane forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), the Sierra de Perijá, and Andes of western Venezuela southward across all Andes of Colombia and Ecuador (also in the coastal mountains of southwestern Ecuador) to northern Peru north and west of the Río Marañón (to La Libertad), east of the Río Marañón in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to northwestern Argentina (to Jujuy and Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687696","spehum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spehum1","avibase-0A1A1F0F",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/740/mode/1up","Trochilus melanogenys"],["6583","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys cervina","Gould, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.60 p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-624FAD07",null,null,"Medellin, Colombia.","LXVIII. Descriptions of three new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/467/mode/1up","Adelomyia cervina"],["6584","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys sabinae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia (Santander and Boyacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A03124F7",null,null,"Bogotá",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/335/mode/1up","Trochilus sabinae"],["6585","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys connectens","Meyer de Schauensee, 1945","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 97 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley in Huila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFE9E30B",null,null,"La Candela (5800 ft.), east slope of the Central Andes, Huila, Colombia, August 22, 1942","Notes on Colombian birds.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064377","Adelomyia melanogenys connectens"],["6586","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys melanogenys","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Venezuela and east slope of the Andes from Colombia to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBB15379",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/740/mode/1up","Trochilus melanogenys"],["6587","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys debellardiana","Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1994","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 44 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"Serranía de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15A264F9",null,null,"De Frontera 1, Sierra de Perijá, Edo. Zulia, Venezuela, alt. 2000 m,","Descripción de nueve subespecies nuevas y comentarios sobre dos especies de aves de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-nueve-subespecies-nuevas-y-comentarios-sobre-dos-especies-de-aves-de-venezuela/","Adelomyia melanogenys debellardiana"],["6588","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys aeneosticta","Simon, 1889","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 2 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4E2FA24",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela.","Voyage au Venezuela (Décembre 1887 - Avril 1888). Trochilidés observés à San-Esteban.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38344#page/261/mode/1up","Adelomyia aeneosticta"],["6589","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys maculata","Gould, 1861","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt24 pl.11,text",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of the Andes of southwestern Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DB5B5C5",null,null,"Ecuador, 'probable types' in Brit. Mus. from Quito.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109468#page/341/mode/1up","Adelomyia maculata"],["6590","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys chlorospila","Gould, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Amazonas to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1A195AC",null,null,"San Antonio, Paucartambo, Peruvian Andes.","LXVIII. Descriptions of three new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/466/mode/1up","Adelomyia chlorospila"],["6591","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Adelomyia melanogenys inornata","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno), Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E64CAF4",null,null,"Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/457/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) inornata"],["6592","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Taphrolesbia","Simon, 1918","Notice sur les travaux scientifiques p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cynanthus griseiventris [Taczanowski, 1883]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Taphrolesbia"],["6593","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Taphrolesbia griseiventris","(Taczanowski, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.72","Grey-bellied Comet","Gray-bellied Comet","Grey-bellied Comet",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (southern Cajamarca to western Huánuco)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688049","gybcom1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybcom1","avibase-D055D315",null,null,"Paucal, Peru.","Desciption des espèces nouvelles de la collection péruvienne de M. le Dr. Raimondi de Lima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/138/mode/1up","Cynanthus griseiventris"],["6594","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ornismya kingii [Lesson, 1832]; type by original designation",null,"Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/70/mode/1up","Aglaiocercus"],["6595","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus berlepschi","(Hartert, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.16","Venezuelan Sylph","Venezuelan Sylph","Venezuelan Sylph",null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Sucre and Monagas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733891","vensyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vensyl1","avibase-0EDAC7F1",null,null,"Cumana, Venezuela.","[Description of a new Humming-bird].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/536/mode/1up","Cyanolesbia berlepschi"],["6596","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus coelestis","(Gould, 1861)","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.102","Violet-tailed Sylph","Violet-tailed Sylph","Violet-tailed Sylph",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western Andes from northern Colombia, in Antioquia, southward to southern Ecuador, in El Oro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688059","vitsyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vitsyl1","avibase-C1C10CEC",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/118/mode/1up","Cynanthus coelestis"],["6597","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus coelestis coelestis","(Gould, 1861)","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E68329BE",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/118/mode/1up","Cynanthus coelestis"],["6598","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus coelestis aethereus","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C271507E",null,null,"Alamor (4550 ft.), Province of Loja, Ecuador","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Cyanolesbia coelestis aethereus"],["6599","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus kingii","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.107 pl.38","Long-tailed Sylph","Long-tailed Sylph","Long-tailed Sylph",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), the Sierra de Perijá, and Andes of western Venezuela southward in the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to the Andes of northwestern Ecuador, and in the eastern Andes of Ecuador southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (Cajamarca), the eastern Andes from northern Peru south and east of the Marañón, southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733886","lotsyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotsyl1","avibase-F9C6A653",null,null,"Jamaica, error = Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/119/mode/1up","Trochilus kingi"],["6600","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus kingii margarethae","(Heine, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central and coastal Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E04EFD2D",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Trochilidica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/225/mode/1up","Lesbia Margarethae"],["6601","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus kingii caudatus","(Berlepsch, 1893)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.200 p.454",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CDD31DD",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","[Neue südamerikanische Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/468/mode/1up","Cyanolesbia caudata"],["6602","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus kingii emmae","(Berlepsch, 1893)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.200 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8B50CEA",null,null,"Bogotá [trade skins] and Antioquia, Colombia.","[Neue südamerikanische Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/466/mode/1up","Cyanolesbia emmae"],["6603","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus kingii kingii","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.107 pl.38",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A65DF81A",null,null,"Jamaica, error = Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/119/mode/1up","Trochilus kingi"],["6604","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus kingii mocoa","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of southern Colombia to Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5483223E",null,null,"Mocoa, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/325/mode/1up","Trochilus Mocoa"],["6605","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Aglaiocercus kingii smaragdinus","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Peru and Yungas of western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5091D03",null,null,"Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/453/mode/1up","Trochilus (Lesbia) smaragdinus"],["6606","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sappho","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.xl",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus sparganurus [Shaw, 1812]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 22).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/101/mode/1up","Sappho"],["6607","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sappho sparganurus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.291 pl.39","Red-tailed Comet","Red-tailed Comet","Red-tailed Comet",null,null,"arid montane scrub in the Andes of Bolivia (from La Paz), southward in western Argentina (to central Mendoza), and in isolated mountain ridges in west-central Argentina (Catamarca, Santiago del Estero, San Luis, and Córdoba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687977","retcom1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retcom1","avibase-66F7D229",null,null,"'Peru' = Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/389/mode/1up","Trochilus sparganurus"],["6608","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sappho sparganurus sparganurus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.291 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern and central Bolivia; accidental southern Peru (Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFF11E33",null,null,"'Peru' = Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/389/mode/1up","Trochilus sparganurus"],["6609","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Sappho sparganurus sapho","(Lesson, 1829)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia to western Argentina and northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E0EA14F",null,null,"'Interior of Brazil.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224580#page/93/mode/1up","Ornismya Sapho"],["6610","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphomicron","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Ornismya microrhyncha [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 30, p. 382).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/141/mode/1up","Ramphomicron"],["6611","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphomicron dorsale","Salvin & Godman, 1880","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.14 p.172 pl.5","Black-backed Thornbill","Black-backed Thornbill","Black-backed Thornbill",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687987","blbtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtho1","avibase-868924FC",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 2000 feet male, 9200 feet female, Colombia.","On the Birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/196/mode/1up","Rhamphomicron dorsale"],["6612","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphomicron microrhynchum","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.354","Purple-backed Thornbill","Purple-backed Thornbill","Purple-backed Thornbill",null,null,"montane cloudforest, elfin forest, treeline scrub, and shrubby paramo in the Andes from western Venezuela southwestward in the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru (Cajamarca and adjacent Amazonas), and the eastern Andes of northern Peru (from San Martin) to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687984","pubtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubtho1","avibase-B2CD184B",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/362/mode/1up","Ornismya microrhyncha"],["6613","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphomicron microrhynchum andicola","(Simon, 1921)","Histoire naturelle des Trochilidæ (synopsis et catalogue) p.199,379",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C88E85D",null,null,"Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52069#page/211/mode/1up","Rhamphomicrus microrrynchus andicola"],["6614","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphomicron microrhynchum microrhynchum","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-292C52B4",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/362/mode/1up","Ornismya microrhyncha"],["6615","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphomicron microrhynchum albiventre","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco to Junín, Cusco, and Apurímac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D15D2D0",null,null,"Huacapistana, 8000 feet, Department of Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Ramphomicron microrhynchum albiventris"],["6616","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramphomicron microrhynchum bolivianum","Schuchmann, 1984","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 104 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E6B2AA0",null,null,"Cocapata (elev. 3300 m), north of Cochabamba, Bolivia","Two hummingbird species, one a new subspecies, new to Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/35/mode/1up","Ramphomicron microrhynchum bolivianum"],["6617","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia","Lesson, 1833","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.xvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya nuna [Lesson, 1832]; type by subsequent designation (Salvin, 1892, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 16, p. 146).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182896#page/201/mode/1up","Lesbia"],["6618","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia victoriae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.312 pl.11","Black-tailed Trainbearer","Black-tailed Trainbearer","Black-tailed Trainbearer",null,null,"semi-humid to dry scrub and treeline in the Andes of northeastern Colombia and from southern Colombia southward across Ecuador to southeastern Peru, in Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687971","blttra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blttra1","avibase-E90F598E",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/324/mode/1up","Trochilus Victoriae"],["6619","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia victoriae victoriae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.312 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia (Nariño) and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-062A4DB9",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/324/mode/1up","Trochilus Victoriae"],["6620","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia victoriae juliae","(Hartert, 1899)","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-050E1E82",null,null,"Northern Peru, type from Cajabamba (9000 ft.), Peru","Further notes on Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/89/mode/1up","Psalidoprymna juliae"],["6621","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia victoriae berlepschi","(Hellmayr, 1915)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CE90F15",null,null,"Anta, Department of Cuzco, 3500 met., Peru.","Neue Formen aus dem neotropischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/266/mode/1up","Psalidoprymna berlepschi"],["6622","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia nuna","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.169 pl.35","Green-tailed Trainbearer","Green-tailed Trainbearer","Green-tailed Trainbearer",null,null,"humid forest and scrub in the eastern (from Norte de Santander) and central (from Caldas) Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador and the Andes of western and eastern Peru to central Bolivia, eastward to westernmost Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687974","grttra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grttra1","avibase-5DEE6DC8",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/309/mode/1up","Ornismya nuna"],["6623","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia nuna gouldii","(Loddiges, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia; old record from western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29FBAE1E",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.","Description of four new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/211/mode/1up","Trochilus Gouldii"],["6624","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia nuna gracilis","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern and central Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CCADF22",null,null,"Peru, error = Ecuador.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/454/mode/1up","Trochilus (Lesbia) gracilis"],["6625","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia nuna aureliae","Weller & Schuchmann, 2004","Ornithologischer Anzeiger 43 115-136",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador (Azuay to Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F56FE86A",null,null,"Guishapa (= Paguishapa), prov. Ona, Ecuador, 2000 m, on 23 May 1899 by P. O. Simons","Biogeographic and taxonomic revisionof the trainbearers Lesbia (Trochilidae),with the description of two new subspecies","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276100864","Lesbia gouldii aureliae"],["6626","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia nuna pallidiventris","(Simon, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E1B1F7E",null,null,"Algamarca, Araqueda and Cojabamba (lat. 07°37'S, long. 78°03'W), Department of Cojabamba, Peru.","Étude sur les Trochilidés observés au Pérou par G. A. Baer (1900-1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/214/mode/1up","Psalidoprymna pallidiventris"],["6627","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia nuna huallagae","Weller & Schuchmann, 2004","Ornithologischer Anzeiger 43 115-136",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8B0A16D",null,null,"Hacienda Huarapa, depto. Huánuco, Peru, 9100 ft. (ca. 2785 m), on 5 December 1939 by A. Morrison","Biogeographic and taxonomic revisionof the trainbearers Lesbia (Trochilidae),with the description of two new subspecies","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276100864","Lesbia gouldii huallagae"],["6628","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lesbia nuna nuna","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.169 pl.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and Bolivia eastward through Cochabamba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-657E65DE",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/309/mode/1up","Ornismya nuna"],["6629","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus estella [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/511/mode/1up","Oreotrochilus"],["6630","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus adela","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.33","Wedge-tailed Hillstar","Wedge-tailed Hillstar","Wedge-tailed Hillstar",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia and adjacent Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687774","wethil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wethil1","avibase-E187A21B",null,null,"Chuquisaca, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/207/mode/1up","Trochilus Adela"],["6631","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus leucopleurus","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.10","White-sided Hillstar","White-sided Hillstar","White-sided Hillstar",null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia to southern Argentina and south-central Chile (Bío-Bío)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687768","whshil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whshil1","avibase-927CB5B7",null,null,"Chilean Cordilleras.","Drafts for an arrangement of the Trochilidae, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/512/mode/1up","Oreotrochilus leucopleurus"],["6632","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus estella","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.32","Andean Hillstar","Andean Hillstar","Andean Hillstar",null,null,"puna grasslands, scrub and stands of Polylepis and Puya in the Andes of southern Peru from Huancavelica southward to western Bolivia, northeastern Chile and northwestern Argentina, southward to La Rioja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60946163","andhil3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andhil3","avibase-0DA1CA5D",null,null,"La Paz and Potosí, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/206/mode/1up","Trochilus Estella"],["6633","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus estella estella","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3A35D1E",null,null,"La Paz and Potosí, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/206/mode/1up","Trochilus Estella"],["6634","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus estella bolivianus","Boucard, 1893","The Humming Bird 3, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6159B806",null,null,"Bolivia","Descriptions of several supposed New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127783#page/17/mode/1up","Oreotrochilus bolivianus"],["6635","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus chimborazo","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.305","Ecuadorian Hillstar","Ecuadorian Hillstar","Ecuadorian Hillstar",null,null,"shrubby paramo in the Andes from far southern Colombia, in Nariño, southward to southern Ecuador, to Azuay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687762","ecuhil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecuhil1","avibase-49B76084",null,null,"Mt. Chimborazo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/319/mode/1up","Trochilus Chimborazo"],["6636","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus chimborazo jamesonii","Jardine, 1849","Contributions to ornithology p.67-2, pl.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from far southern Colombia (southern Nariño) to southern Ecuador (south to Azuay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D93406AF",null,null,"Summit of Mt. Pichincha, Ecuador.","Ornithology of Quito. (Continued from page 45.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/140/mode/1up","Oreotrochilus jamesonii"],["6637","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus chimborazo soderstromi","Lönnberg, 1922","Arkiv för Zoologi 14 no.25 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Mt. Quilotoa (central Ecuador)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54DE3DF6",null,null,"Foot of Mt. Quillotoa, Ecuador.","A Contribution to the Ornithology of Ecuador","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30164#page/956/mode/1up","Oreotrochilus chimborazo soderstromi"],["6638","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus chimborazo chimborazo","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ecuador (Volcán Chimborazo, possibly also Volcán Quilotoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAD32077",null,null,"Mt. Chimborazo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/319/mode/1up","Trochilus Chimborazo"],["6639","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus melanogaster","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.10","Black-breasted Hillstar","Black-breasted Hillstar","Black-breasted Hillstar",null,null,"Andes of Peru (Junín, Huancavelica, Ancash, Lima, and Ayacucho)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687771","blbhil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbhil1","avibase-2385057C",null,null,"No locality.","Drafts for an arrangement of the Trochilidae, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/512/mode/1up","Oreotrochilus melanogaster"],["6640","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus stolzmanni","Salvin, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.17","Green-headed Hillstar","Green-headed Hillstar","Green-headed Hillstar",null,null,"Andes of northern and central Peru (Cajamarca, Huánuco) and adjacent southern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/60946473","andhil2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andhil2","avibase-CFFF4296",null,null,"Huamachuco, 10400 feet and near Cajamarca, 10000 and 12000 feet, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/35/mode/1up","Oreotrochilus stolzmanni"],["6641","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus","Sornoza-Molina, Freile, Nilsson et al., 2018","The Auk 135, no.4 1146-1171","Blue-throated Hillstar","Blue-throated Hillstar","Blue-throated Hillstar",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador (Cordillera de Chilla-Tioloma-Fierro Urcu, on the El Oro/Loja border)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200250452","buthil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buthil1","avibase-7503BD8B",null,null,"1 km W of Cerro de Arcos, El Oro province [Ecuador] (3.56628S, 79.45808W; Figure 2A); 3,648 m a.s.l.; collected on May 23, 2017, by F. Sornoza-Molina, J. Freile, and J. Nilsso","A striking, critically endangered, new species of hillstar (Trochilidae: Oreotrochilus) from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/135/4/1146/5149014","Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus"],["6642","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polyonymus","Heine, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus caroli [Bourcier, 1847]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Trochilidica","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/218/mode/1up","Polyonymus"],["6643","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polyonymus caroli","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.48","Bronze-tailed Comet","Bronze-tailed Comet","Bronze-tailed Comet",null,null,"Pacific slope of Andes of Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687980","brtcom1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtcom1","avibase-EA348366",null,null,"No type locality.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/550/mode/1up","Trochilus Caroli"],["6644","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Opisthoprora","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.76,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus eurypterus [Loddiges, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/84/mode/1up","Opisthoprora"],["6645","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Opisthoprora euryptera","(Loddiges, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.7","Mountain Avocetbill","Mountain Avocetbill","Mountain Avocetbill",null,null,"central Andes of Colombia to northern Peru (Amazonas to La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688046","mouavo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouavo1","avibase-42C0AED1",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.","Description of four new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/211/mode/1up","Trochilus eurypterus"],["6646","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.175 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus cupricauda [Gould, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 22). = Ornismya phoebe Lesson & De Lattre, 1839  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/596/mode/1up","Metallura"],["6647","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura phoebe","(Lesson & Delattre, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.17","Black Metaltail","Black Metaltail","Black Metaltail",null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Cajamarca) to far northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688012","blamet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blamet1","avibase-19A9FCEC",null,null,"Andes of Peru.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/25/mode/1up","Ornismya Phoebe"],["6648","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura iracunda","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.3","Perija Metaltail","Perija Metaltail","Perija Metaltail",null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688018","permet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/permet1","avibase-5A77A647",null,null,"Port Jackson, New South Wales","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/659/mode/1up","Metallura iracunda"],["6649","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina","(Loddiges, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.6,7","Tyrian Metaltail","Tyrian Metaltail","Tyrian Metaltail",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and scrub in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward across the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to northwestern Peru (to northern Lima), and in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia (to westernmost Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688015","tyrmet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tyrmet1","avibase-7AEDC014",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.","Description of four new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/210/mode/1up","Trochilus tyrianthinus"],["6650","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina districta","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northern Colombia) and the Serrania de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D21C6217",null,null,"Pueblo Viejo, 8000 feet, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/124/mode/1up","Metallura districta"],["6651","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina chloropogon","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB74B203",null,null,"No type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/76/mode/1up","Urolampra chloropogon"],["6652","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina oreopola","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Lara, Trujillo, and Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56EF1422",null,null,"Páramo de Rosas, State of Lara, Venezuela.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/216/mode/1up","Metallura tyrianthina oreopola"],["6653","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina tyrianthina","(Loddiges, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.6,7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Venezuela (Táchira), Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18A5EEF0",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.","Description of four new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/210/mode/1up","Trochilus tyrianthinus"],["6654","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina quitensis","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C915CA0E",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/128/mode/1up","Metallura Quitensis"],["6655","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina septentrionalis","Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (west of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99794063",null,null,"Cajabamba, Cajamarca, Huamachuco, Levanto and Celendín, Peru; type from Huamachuco, 10400 feet.","Further notes on Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/87/mode/1up","Metallura smaragdinicollis septentrionalis"],["6656","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura tyrianthina smaragdinicollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD3A617B",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/205/mode/1up","Trochilus (O. [rnismya]) smaragdinicollis"],["6657","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura aeneocauda","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.87","Scaled Metaltail","Scaled Metaltail","Scaled Metaltail",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub in the Andes of southeastern Peru (from Cusco) southeastward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba and adjacent Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688009","scamet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scamet1","avibase-611C0D47",null,null,"Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/455/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) aeneocauda"],["6658","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura aeneocauda aeneocauda","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-022CA320",null,null,"Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/455/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) aeneocauda"],["6659","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura aeneocauda malagae","Berlepsch, 1897","Journal für Ornithologie 45, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of Bolivia (Cochabamba and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2876A2BE",null,null,"Malaga, Bolivia.","[Über das Studium der Kolibris].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103562#page/104/mode/1up","Metallura malagae"],["6660","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura eupogon","(Cabanis, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.97","Fiery-throated Metaltail","Fire-throated Metaltail","Fire-throated Metaltail",null,null,"eastern Andes of Peru (Huánuco, Junín, Apurímac, and Ayacucho)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688005","fitmet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fitmet1","avibase-AC4A332A",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","[Über mannichfache interessante Vögel der peruanischen Ornis, die von Herrn C. Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/109/mode/1up","Urolampra eupogon"],["6661","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura theresiae","Simon, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.181","Coppery Metaltail","Coppery Metaltail","Coppery Metaltail",null,null,"humid montane and elfin forest and shrubby paramo in the Andes of northern Peru south of the Río Marañón (Amazonas southward to Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688002","copmet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copmet1","avibase-CD38DC4D",null,null,"Tayabamba, Dept. of Pataz, Peru.","Étude sur les Trochilidés observés au Pérou par G. A. Baer (1900-1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/213/mode/1up","Metallura theresiae"],["6662","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura theresiae parkeri","Graves, 1981","The Auk 98, no.2 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Cordillera de Colán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F44E656",null,null,"Cordillera Colan (5 34' S, 78 19' W), Department of Amazonas, Peru. Elevation 9100 ft (ca. 2775 m)","A New Subspecies of Coppery Metaltail (Metallura Theresiae) from Northern Peru","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol98/iss2/29/","Metallura theresiae parkeri"],["6663","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura theresiae theresiae","Simon, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D755E39",null,null,"Tayabamba, Dept. of Pataz, Peru.","Étude sur les Trochilidés observés au Pérou par G. A. Baer (1900-1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/213/mode/1up","Metallura theresiae"],["6664","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura odomae","Graves, 1980","Wilson Bulletin 92, no.1 p.3","Neblina Metaltail","Neblina Metaltail","Neblina Metaltail",null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (Loja) and northern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687998","nebmet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebmet1","avibase-48C9549A",null,null,"Cerro Chinguela, ca. 5 km northeast of Sapalache, elevation approximately 2900 m (9500 ft), 05”07’S, 79”23’W; Department of Piura, Peru; 10 June 1978; netted and prepared by Richard D. Semba","A new species of metaltail hummingbird from northern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol92/iss1/1/","Metallura odomae"],["6665","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura baroni","Salvin, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.9 p.49","Violet-throated Metaltail","Violet-throated Metaltail","Violet-throated Metaltail",null,null,"páramo of Andes of south-central Ecuador (Azuay)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687993","vitmet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vitmet1","avibase-E301DB9E",null,null,"Mountains near Cuenca, 12,000 ft., Ecuador.","[Two supposed new species of Metallura from Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/75/mode/1up","Metallura baroni"],["6666","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura williami","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.308","Viridian Metaltail","Viridian Metaltail","Viridian Metaltail",null,null,"elfin forest and shrubby paramo in the northern part of the western Andes of Colombia, and in the central Andes of Colombia southward across eastern Andes of Ecuador to southern Ecuador, in Zamora Chinchipe; in the western Andes of Ecuador only in Carchi, Tungurahua, Azuay, and northern Loja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687990","virmet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/virmet1","avibase-8023D26D",null,null,"Vicinity of Popayan, near the volcanoes, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/322/mode/1up","Trochilus Williami"],["6667","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura williami recisa","Wetmore, 1970","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 82 p.767",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of north-central Colombia (Páramo de Frontino in Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A7FB216",null,null,"Páramo de Frontino, 3600 meters elev., Antioquia, Colombia","Descriptions of additional forms of birds from Panamá and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107490#page/383/mode/1up","Metallura primolinus recisa"],["6668","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura williami williami","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EA589FD",null,null,"Vicinity of Popayan, near the volcanoes, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/322/mode/1up","Trochilus Williami"],["6669","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura williami primolina","Bourcier, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of southern Colombia (Nariño) and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3151B029",null,null,"Laguano, Río Napo, Ecuador.","Nouvelle espèce du genre Metallura, Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/317/mode/1up","Metallura primolinus"],["6670","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Metallura williami atrigularis","Salvin, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.9 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (Cordillera de Chilla in Azuay and Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7C82ACB",null,null,"Sigsig, 12000 feet south of Cuenca, Ecuador.","[Two supposed new species of Metallura from Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/75/mode/1up","Metallura atrigularis"],["6671","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreonympha","Gould, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oreonympha nobilis [Gould, 1869]; type by monotypy",null,"Description of a New Genus and Species of the Family Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/359/mode/1up","Oreonympha"],["6672","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreonympha nobilis","Gould, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.295","Bearded Mountaineer","Bearded Mountaineer",null,"2025-0288","Taxon <em>albolimbata </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Oreonympha nobilis </em>based on available evidence. While plumage characters potentially linked to species recognition (color of the gorget and tail pattern) are similar, the superciliaries are strikingly different (Berlioz 1938). Vocal and genetic data are needed.","dry montane scrub in the Andes of southeastern Peru (Junín southward to Cusco)",null,null,null,"beamou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beamou1","avibase-C03BAEB7",null,null,"Tinta, 11,500 feet, Peru.","Description of a New Genus and Species of the Family Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/359/mode/1up","Oreonympha nobilis"],["6673","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreonympha nobilis albolimbata","Berlioz, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of west-central Peru (Huancavelica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D598D0EB",null,null,"Yauli, 11500 feet., Huancavelica, Peru.","Description of a new race of Humming-bird from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/80/mode/1up","Oreonympha nobilis albolimbata"],["6674","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oreonympha nobilis nobilis","Gould, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco and Apurímac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB2CE584",null,null,"Tinta, 11,500 feet, Peru.","Description of a New Genus and Species of the Family Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/359/mode/1up","Oreonympha nobilis"],["6675","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oxypogon","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ornismya guerinii [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 22).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/30/mode/1up","Oxypogon"],["6676","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oxypogon cyanolaemus","Salvin & Godman, 1880","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.14 p.172 pl.4 fig.2","Blue-bearded Helmetcrest","Blue-bearded Helmetcrest","Blue-bearded Helmetcrest",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726798","bubhel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubhel1","avibase-2B7764F8",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 10000-14000 feet, Colombia.","On the Birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/196/mode/1up","Oxypogon cyanolaemus"],["6677","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oxypogon lindenii","(Parzudaki, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.253","White-bearded Helmetcrest","White-bearded Helmetcrest","White-bearded Helmetcrest",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Mérida and Trujillo)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726804","whbhel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbhel1","avibase-D750141B",null,null,"State of Mérida, Venezuela.","Nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau-Mouche.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/263/mode/1up","Ornysmia Lindenii"],["6678","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oxypogon guerinii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.7","Green-bearded Helmetcrest","Green-bearded Helmetcrest","Green-bearded Helmetcrest",null,null,"páramo of eastern Andes of Colombia (south to Cundinamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726790","gnbhel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbhel1","avibase-5C67D209",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/17/mode/1up","Ornismia Guerinii"],["6679","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Oxypogon stuebelii","Meyer, 1884","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 p.204","Buffy Helmetcrest","Buffy Helmetcrest","Buffy Helmetcrest",null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Quindío and Tolima)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726810","bufhel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufhel1","avibase-876F6202",null,null,"Volcán de Tolima, Central Andes, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/214/mode/1up","Oxypogon Stubelii"],["6680","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Ornismya heteropogon [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 141).",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/608/mode/1up","Chalcostigma"],["6681","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma ruficeps","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.89","Rufous-capped Thornbill","Rufous-capped Thornbill","Rufous-capped Thornbill",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador to eastern Peru and Yungas of western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688024","ructho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ructho1","avibase-8A7C972F",null,null,"Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/457/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) ruficeps"],["6682","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma olivaceum","(Lawrence, 1864)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.44","Olivaceous Thornbill","Olivaceous Thornbill","Olivaceous Thornbill",null,null,"Polylepis woodland and puna scrub in the Andes of central Peru (Cordillera Blanca in Ancash), southward locally in the eastern Andes of Peru to west-central Bolivia (southeastern La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688027","olitho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olitho1","avibase-7D513D31",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/64/mode/1up","Ramphomicron olivaceus"],["6683","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma olivaceum pallens","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Andes of central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B7FD341",null,null,"La Galera, 15000 feet, Department of Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Chalcostigma olivacea pallens"],["6684","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma olivaceum olivaceum","(Lawrence, 1864)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in eastern Andes of southeastern Peru and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-617AE053",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/64/mode/1up","Ramphomicron olivaceus"],["6685","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma stanleyi","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187","Blue-mantled Thornbill","Blue-mantled Thornbill","Blue-mantled Thornbill",null,null,"shrubby paramo in the Andes from far southern Colombia southward to southern Ecuador (to Azuay), and in the eastern Andes of Peru south and east of the Río Marañón (from southern Cajamarca), southeastward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba), and the Cordillera Blanca in the western Andes of Peru (Ancash and adjacent Lima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688030","blmtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blmtho1","avibase-A9F8C658",null,null,"Cold regions of Pichincha and Cotopaxi.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Stanleyi"],["6686","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma stanleyi stanleyi","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"páramo of Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A6A4A4C",null,null,"Cold regions of Pichincha and Cotopaxi.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Stanleyi"],["6687","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma stanleyi versigulare","Zimmer, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (east of Río Marañón) to Carpish Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97388ED2",null,null,"Mountains near Huánuco, 12200 feet, Department of Huánuco, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/10/mode/1up","Chalcostigma stanleyi versigularis"],["6688","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma stanleyi vulcani","(Gould, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (south of Río Huallaga) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E79085C6",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/183/mode/1up","Ramphomicron vulcani"],["6689","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma heteropogon","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.355","Bronze-tailed Thornbill","Bronze-tailed Thornbill","Bronze-tailed Thornbill",null,null,"páramo of northeastern Colombia to far western Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688033","brttho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brttho1","avibase-38D52634",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/363/mode/1up","Ornismya heteropogon"],["6690","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma herrani","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.309","Rainbow-bearded Thornbill","Rainbow-bearded Thornbill","Rainbow-bearded Thornbill",null,null,"elfin forest and shrubby paramo in the central Andes of Colombia, and the southernmost portion of the western Andes, southward in the western Andes of Ecuador to northern Loja, and in the eastern Andes to northernmost Peru, in Piura, Cajamarca and northern Lambayeque, north and west of the Río Marañón",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688036","rabtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rabtho1","avibase-C14098B2",null,null,"Pasto, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/323/mode/1up","Trochilus Herrani"],["6691","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma herrani tolimae","Kleinschmidt, 1927","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 23, no.1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Volcán de Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5E17005",null,null,"Volcán de Tolima, 4000 m, Colombia.",null,null,"Chalcostigma herrani tolimae"],["6692","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalcostigma herrani herrani","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of southern Colombia to far northern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD575420",null,null,"Pasto, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/323/mode/1up","Trochilus Herrani"],["6693","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Patagona","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus gigas [Vieillot, 1824]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/28/mode/1up","Patagona"],["6694","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Patagona gigas","(Vieillot, 1824)","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 1 p.296 pl.180","Southern Giant Hummingbird","Southern Giant-Hummingbird",null,"2026-048","Patagona peruviana is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Patagona gigas</em> based on genomic and vocal evidence supported by ecological and biogeographic data. Although morphological and plumage differences are slight or overlapping (Areta et al. 2024; Williamson et al. 2024, 2025) the species appear to differ in breeding distributions and migratory behavior, as well as divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Williamson et al. 2024), and calls (Robinson et al. 2025). Nevertheless, migratory behaviour of <em>P. gigas</em> populations is variable, with some reported as partial migrants (Williamson et al. 2024, 2025), and non-breeding distributions have not been fully mapped, with the two species known to co-occur at some localities. A formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","breeds western Bolivia, central and southern Chile, and northwestern to north-central Argentina; migrates northward to Andes of central and southern Peru",null,null,null,"giahum3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giahum3","avibase-B062F1CA",null,null,"Brazil, error = Chile, restricted to Valparaiso by Hellmayr, antea, p. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/729/mode/1up","Trochilus gigas"],["6695","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Patagona peruviana","Boucard, 1893","The Humming Bird 3, pt.1 p.61","Northern Giant Hummingbird","Northern Giant-Hummingbird",null,"2026-048","Patagona peruviana is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Patagona gigas</em> based on genomic and vocal evidence supported by ecological and biogeographic data. Although morphological and plumage differences are slight or overlapping (Areta et al. 2024; Williamson et al. 2024, 2025) the species appear to differ in breeding distributions and migratory behavior, as well as divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Williamson et al. 2024), and calls (Robinson et al. 2025). Nevertheless, migratory behaviour of <em>P. gigas</em> populations is variable, with some reported as partial migrants (Williamson et al. 2024, 2025), and non-breeding distributions have not been fully mapped, with the two species known to co-occur at some localities. A formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","resident in high Andes of southwestern Colombia to far northwestern Bolivia and far northern Chile",null,null,null,"giahum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giahum2","avibase-8AEB9777",null,null,"Peru, type from Tinta, Dept. of Cuzco.","Genera of Humming Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127783#page/239/mode/1up","Patagona peruviana"],["6696","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lampornis amethystinus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/458/mode/1up","Lampornis"],["6697","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis hemileucus","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.584","White-bellied Mountaingem","White-bellied Mountain-gem","White-bellied Mountain-gem",null,null,"Caribbean slope of north-central Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687680","wbmgem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbmgem1","avibase-2A90E635",null,null,"Turrialba and Tucurriquí, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/680/mode/1up","Oreopyra hemileuca"],["6698","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis clemenciae","(Lesson, 1830)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.216 pl.80, tab.xlv","Blue-throated Mountaingem","Blue-throated Mountain-gem","Blue-throated Mountain-gem",null,null,"mountains from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas (southwestern USA) southward through transvolcanic belt of central Mexico to south-central Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687664","buthum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buthum","avibase-97FB2BC9",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/51/mode/1up","Ornismya Clemenciae"],["6699","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis clemenciae phasmorus","Oberholser, 1974","The bird life of Texas 1 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA (Chisos Mountains, Texas); populations in west-central Nuevo León (Mexico) possibly also this subspecies. Migratory, but nonbreeding range unknown)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2ACFC97",null,null,"Pine Canyon, 6000 ft., northeastern side of Chisos Mountains, Texas",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/324690#page/559/mode/1up","Lampornis clemenciae phasmorus"],["6700","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis clemenciae bessophilus","(Oberholser, 1918)","The Condor 20, no.5 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of southwestern USA (southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico) and northwestern Mexico (south to Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-538F37F5",null,null,"Fly Park, Chiricahua Mts. Arizona.","Description of a new subspecies of Cyanolaemus clemenciae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol20/iss5/6/","Cyanolaemus clemenciae bessophilus"],["6701","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis clemenciae clemenciae","(Lesson, 1830)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.216 pl.80, tab.xlv",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern and central Mexico (Central Plateau and Sierra Madre Oriental, southward to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3467B2A",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/51/mode/1up","Ornismya Clemenciae"],["6702","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis amethystinus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.442","Amethyst-throated Mountaingem","Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem","Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem",null,null,"montane forest of Jalisco (west-central Mexico) on Pacific slope and southern Tamaulipas (east-central Mexico) on Caribbean slope southward through transvolcanic belt of central Mexico to Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687668","amthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amthum1","avibase-474AA2CF",null,null,"Temescaltepec and Real del Monte, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/458/mode/1up","Lampornis amethystinus"],["6703","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis amethystinus amethystinus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (southern Nuevo León and southern Tamaulipas to Veracruz and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3922F20A",null,null,"Temescaltepec and Real del Monte, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/458/mode/1up","Lampornis amethystinus"],["6704","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis amethystinus circumventus","(Phillips, 1966)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (western Sierra de Miahuatlán, in southwestern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F37099F",null,null,"km 183, southwestern Oaxaca","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/145/mode/1up","Colibrí amethystinus circumventus"],["6705","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis amethystinus margaritae","(Salvin & Godman, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.239",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Mexico (Michoacán, Guerrero, and western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9FD21D4",null,null,"Omilteme, 8000 feet, Guerrero, Mexico.","Notes on Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/269/mode/1up","Delattria margaritae"],["6706","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis amethystinus salvini","(Ridgway, 1908)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD03D86E",null,null,"Calderas, 7000-8000 feet, Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/245/mode/1up","Delattria henrica salvini"],["6707","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis amethystinus nobilis","Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B5E285B",null,null,"Montana Vasquez, 6500 feet, Dist. of Achaga, Honduras.","New Birds from Honduras and Mexico.",null,"Lampornis amethystinus nobilis"],["6708","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis sybillae","(Salvin & Godman, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.327","Green-breasted Mountaingem","Green-breasted Mountain-gem","Green-breasted Mountain-gem",null,null,"humid montane forest of eastern Honduras and north-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687676","gbmgem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbmgem1","avibase-4EF75683",null,null,"Matagalpa, Nicaragua.","On a Collection of Birds from Central Nicaragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/359/mode/1up","Delattria sybillae"],["6709","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis viridipallens","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.321","Green-throated Mountaingem","Green-throated Mountain-gem","Green-throated Mountain-gem",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Oaxaca to western Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687672","gtmgem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gtmgem1","avibase-9A164FA0",null,null,"Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/333/mode/1up","Trochilus Viridi-Pallens"],["6710","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis viridipallens amadoni","Rowley, 1968","Occasional Papers of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Cerro Baúl in Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50455033",null,null,"Cerro Baul, 16 37'N, 94 10'W, 5200 m alt., Oaxaca, Mexico","Stuart. Geographic variation in four species of birds.",null,"Lampornis viridi-pallens amadoni"],["6711","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis viridipallens ovandensis","(Brodkorb, 1939)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.401 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8C07028",null,null,"Mt. Ovando, 2100 meters, Chiapas.","New subspecies of Birds from the district of Soconusco, Chiapas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56840","Oreopyra viridipallens ovandensis"],["6712","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis viridipallens viridipallens","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Guatemala, northern El Salvador, and western Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C997FFB4",null,null,"Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/333/mode/1up","Trochilus Viridi-Pallens"],["6713","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis viridipallens nubivagus","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"upper tropical El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AADB4C9E",null,null,"Volcán Santa Ana, 7000 feet, Dept. Santa Ana, El Salvador.","The races of Lampornis viridipallens (Bourcier & Mulsant).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/246/mode/1up","Lampornis viridipallens nubivagus"],["6714","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis castaneoventris","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.163","White-throated Mountaingem","White-throated Mountain-gem",null,"2025-0298","Taxon <em>cinereicauda </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Lampornis castaneoventris </em>based on plumage and genetics. Analyses of mitochondrial-dominated DNA data place the white-throated <em>castaneoventris </em>and <em>cinereicauda </em>in a shallow, unresolved clade with the purple-throated<em> L. calolaemus</em> (García-Moreno et al. 2006; McGuire et al. 2014). Further research needed to determine species limits in this group, including assessment of introgression and admixture at contact zones.","forest and edge of mountains of central Costa Rica to western Panama",null,null,null,"wtmgem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtmgem1","avibase-6AED5E06",null,null,"Cordillera de Chiriquí, 6000 feet, Panama.","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/225/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) castaneoventris"],["6715","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis castaneoventris cinereicauda","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA0E632A",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new species of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/505/mode/1up","Oreopyra cinereicauda"],["6716","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis castaneoventris castaneoventris","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12399C50",null,null,"Cordillera de Chiriquí, 6000 feet, Panama.","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/225/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) castaneoventris"],["6717","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis calolaemus","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.584","Purple-throated Mountaingem","Purple-throated Mountain-gem","Purple-throated Mountain-gem",null,null,"montane forest of southwestern Nicaragua to west-central Panama; an undescribed population perhaps of this species in Azuero Peninsula of south-central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729036","ptmgem","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ptmgem","avibase-C3F849E6",null,null,"'Volcán de Cartago' i.e. Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/680/mode/1up","Oreopyra calolaema"],["6718","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis calolaemus pectoralis","(Salvin, 1891)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E77CBAD4",null,null,"Costa Rica.","XL. Descriptions of new Species of Upupae and Trochili in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/405/mode/1up","Oreopyra pectoralis"],["6719","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis calolaemus calolaemus","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.584",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and west-central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D6EFEA8",null,null,"'Volcán de Cartago' i.e. Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/680/mode/1up","Oreopyra calolaema"],["6720","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lampornis calolaemus homogenes","Wetmore, 1967","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of far southern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86337F1C",null,null,"Chitra, 4700 ft., Pacific Slope, Veraguas, Panama","Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107570#page/275/mode/1up","Lampornis castaneoventris homogenes"],["6721","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lamprolaima","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya rhami [Lesson, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 140).",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/605/mode/1up","Lamprolaima"],["6722","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Lamprolaima rhami","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.12 p.315","Garnet-throated Hummingbird","Garnet-throated Hummingbird","Garnet-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico to Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687693","gathum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gathum1","avibase-AD61E929",null,null,"Mexico.","Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/323/mode/1up","Ornismya Rhami"],["6723","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eugenes","Gould, 1856","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt12 pl.7,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus fulgens [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Eugenes"],["6724","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eugenes fulgens","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441","Rivoli's Hummingbird","Rivoli's Hummingbird","Magnificent Hummingbird","2025-0297","Taxon <em>spectabilis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Eugenes fulgens </em>(monotypic) based on differences in plumage (Renner &amp; Schuchmann 2004), genetics (Zamudio-Beltrán &amp; Hernández-Baños 2015), and vocalizations; formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking.","mountains of southern Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas to northeastern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216558962","maghum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maghum1","avibase-29019748",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/457/mode/1up","Trochilus fulgens"],["6725","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eugenes spectabilis","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.472","Talamanca Hummingbird","Talamanca Hummingbird","Talamanca Hummingbird","2025-0297","Taxon <em>spectabilis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Eugenes fulgens </em>(monotypic) based on differences in plumage (Renner &amp; Schuchmann 2004), genetics (Zamudio-Beltrán &amp; Hernández-Baños 2015), and vocalizations; formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking.","montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216559150","maghum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maghum2","avibase-8FAFB437",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/492/mode/1up","Heliomaster spectabilis"],["6726","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Panterpe","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.43,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Panterpe insignis [Cabanis & Heine Sr, 1860]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/51/mode/1up","Panterpe"],["6727","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Panterpe insignis","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.43,note","Fiery-throated Hummingbird","Fiery-throated Hummingbird","Fiery-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"montane forest and edge from northwestern Costa Rica to far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687408","fithum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fithum1","avibase-09E88F83",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/51/mode/1up","Panterpe insignis"],["6728","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Panterpe insignis eisenmanni","Stiles, 1985","Ornithological Monographs 36 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Costa Rica (Cordillera de Guanacaste)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA399B7A",null,null,"at 1550 m on Cerro Las Nubes (ca. 8 km NW Bijagua, Provincia Alajuela, Costa Rica; Holotype: Museo de Zoologia, Univ. Costa Rica, 2741, adult male, 1 Aug. 1983, F.G. Stiles, original no. F.G.S. 1963.","Geographic variation in the Fiery-throated Hummingbird, Panterpe insignis.","https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112852/http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/om/om036.pdf","Panterpe insignis eisenmanni"],["6729","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Panterpe insignis insignis","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.43,note",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Costa Rica (Cordillera de Tilarán) to far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-033A55D9",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/51/mode/1up","Panterpe insignis"],["6730","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ornismya angelae [Lesson, 1833]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 30, p. 382). = Trochilus furcifer Shaw, 1812",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/126/mode/1up","Heliomaster"],["6731","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster constantii","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1069,text","Plain-capped Starthroat","Plain-capped Starthroat","Plain-capped Starthroat",null,null,"drier forest and edge of lowlands to hills on Pacific slope from southern Sonora (northwestern Mexico) to southwestern Costa Rica; repeated vagrancy to southeastern Arizona, southwestern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688135","plcsta","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plcsta","avibase-CFE2C8C8",null,null,"Guatemala, error, Bolson, Costa Rica, substituted by Griscom. antea, p, 210","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou peu connus, découverts au Guatimala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya constantii"],["6732","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster constantii pinicola","Gould, 1853","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt5 pl.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94BD4BFC",null,null,"lofty pine ridges of Northern Mexico","HELIOMASTER PINICOLA, Gould.  HELIOMASTER PINICOLA, Gould. Pine Star-throat","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108334#page/243/mode/1up","Heliomaster pinicola"],["6733","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster constantii leocadiae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie (2), 4 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical western Mexico (Nayarit) to western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CE42809",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Acapulco, Guerrero by van Rossem, __34.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489753h/f146.item","Trochilus leocadiae"],["6734","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster constantii constantii","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1069,text",null,null,null,null,null,"El Salvador and Nicaragua to southwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C28B9F8",null,null,"Guatemala, error, Bolson, Costa Rica, substituted by Griscom. antea, p, 210","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou peu connus, découverts au Guatimala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya constantii"],["6735","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster longirostris","(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)","Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques 1 p.107 or (128), pl.59","Long-billed Starthroat","Long-billed Starthroat","Long-billed Starthroat",null,null,"humid to deciduous forest and gallery woodland of the Gulf of Mexico slope (from eastern Veracruz) and the Pacific slope of Mexico (from Guerrero eastward) to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Cauca and Huila), west of the Andes from northwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Peru, and east of the Andes in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad, the Orinoco basin, the Guiana Shield in eastern Venezuela and the Guianas, southward across Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Maranhão and adjacent Piauí, and to central Goiás) to northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688138","lobsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobsta1","avibase-7DB659EF",null,null,"West Indies, i.e. Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109199#page/268/mode/1up","Trochilus longirostris"],["6736","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster longirostris pallidiceps","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44AB676E",null,null,"Mexico and Guatemala = Jalapa, Vera Cruz",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/155/mode/1up","Heliomaster pallidiceps"],["6737","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster longirostris longirostris","(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)","Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques 1 p.107 or (128), pl.59",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Costa Rica through South America including Trinidad, to Bolivia and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C45BC5E",null,null,"West Indies, i.e. Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109199#page/268/mode/1up","Trochilus longirostris"],["6738","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster longirostris albicrissa","Gould, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52C5F6E8",null,null,"Citado, Ecuador.","Descriptions of six new Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/614/mode/1up","Heliomaster albicrissa"],["6739","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster furcifer","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.280","Blue-tufted Starthroat","Blue-tufted Starthroat","Blue-tufted Starthroat",null,null,"Bolivia to Paraguay, central and southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688144","bltsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltsta2","avibase-8E2B55E8",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/374/mode/1up","Trochilus Furcifer"],["6740","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Heliomaster squamosus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.34, vol.4 pl.203 fig.1","Stripe-breasted Starthroat","Stripe-breasted Starthroat","Stripe-breasted Starthroat",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Bahia, Goiás, and São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688141","stbsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbsta1","avibase-CE6CB6B7",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to Bahia by Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 22, 1938, p. 282.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/191/mode/1up","Trochilus squamosus"],["6741","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Tilmatura","Reichenbach, 1855","Trochilinarum enumeratio ex affinitate naturali reciproca primum ducta provisoria p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya dupontii [Lesson, 1832]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 23).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105699#page/9/mode/1up","Tilmatura"],["6742","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Tilmatura dupontii","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.100 pl.1","Sparkling-tailed Woodstar","Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird","Sparkling-tailed Woodstar",null,null,"oak-pine highlands of western Mexico to northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688178","spthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spthum1","avibase-8BDFE96C",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/170/mode/1up","Ornismya dupontii"],["6743","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calliphlox","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.544",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus amethystinus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 23). = Trochilus amethystinus Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/298/mode/1up","Calliphlox"],["6744","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calliphlox amethystina","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41","Amethyst Woodstar","Amethyst Woodstar","Amethyst Woodstar",null,null,"widespread tropical South America to northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688211","amewoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amewoo1","avibase-0431F843",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 672, f. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Trochilus amethystinus"],["6745","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thaumastura","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya cora [Lesson & Garnot, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 21).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/149/mode/1up","Thaumastura"],["6746","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thaumastura cora","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 p.682, pl.31 fig.4","Peruvian Sheartail","Peruvian Sheartail","Peruvian Sheartail",null,null,"arid western Peru to far northern Chile (Arica)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688150","pershe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pershe2","avibase-5382241A",null,null,"Between Callao and Lima, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/73/mode/1up","Orthorhynchus Cora"],["6747","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Myrmia","Mulsant, 1876","Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. (nouvelle série.) n.s., 22 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Calothorax micrurus [Gould, 1854]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237291#page/282/mode/1up","Myrmia"],["6748","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Myrmia micrura","(Gould, 1854)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds vol.3, pt.7 pl.148,text","Short-tailed Woodstar","Short-tailed Woodstar","Short-tailed Woodstar",null,null,"arid scrub of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688248","shtwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtwoo1","avibase-B7B7F11C",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109468#page/137/mode/1up","Calothorax micrurus"],["6749","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Myrtis","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya fanny [Lesson, 1838]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 140).",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/609/mode/1up","Myrtis"],["6750","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Myrtis fanny","(Lesson, 1838)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.9 p.170","Purple-collared Woodstar","Purple-collared Woodstar","Purple-collared Woodstar",null,null,"arid montane scrub in the Andes from northern Ecuador southward to southern Peru, including the arid Marañón valley of southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru, and in coastal scrub in Peru (Lambayeque southeastward to Tacna)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688241","pucwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pucwoo1","avibase-18D09F79",null,null,"Locality unknown, supposed to be from Mexico; error = Peru.","Mémoire descriptif d'espèces ou de genres d'oiseaux nouveaux ou imparfaitement décrits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47936#page/174/mode/1up","Ornismya Fanny"],["6751","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Myrtis fanny fanny","(Lesson, 1838)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.9 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southeastern Ecuador to western Peru (Piura to Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52DF1DD5",null,null,"Locality unknown, supposed to be from Mexico; error = Peru.","Mémoire descriptif d'espèces ou de genres d'oiseaux nouveaux ou imparfaitement décrits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47936#page/174/mode/1up","Ornismya Fanny"],["6752","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Myrtis fanny megalura","Zimmer, 1953","American Museum Novitates no.1604 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Cajabamba to La Libertad and far northwestern Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0B349BE",null,null,"Malca, Cajabamba, Peru","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 63, The hummingbird genera Oreonympha, Schistes, Heliothryx, Loddigesia, Heliomaster, Rhodopis, Thaumastura, Calliphlox, Myrtis, Myrmia, and Acestrura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4930/","Myrtis fanny megalura"],["6753","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Rhodopis","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya vesper [Lesson, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/608/mode/1up","Rhodopis"],["6754","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Rhodopis vesper","(Lesson, 1829)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.85 pl.19, tab.xv","Oasis Hummingbird","Oasis Hummingbird","Oasis Hummingbird",null,null,"dry scrub in the Pacific lowlands and valleys from northern Peru, in Piura, southward to northern Chile in the Region Metropolitana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688147","oashum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oashum1","avibase-D3AA7BB0",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/21/mode/1up","Ornismya vesper"],["6755","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Rhodopis vesper koepckeae","Berlioz, 1975","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 44 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Peru (Cerro Illescas in southwestern Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A475B4",null,null,"Cerro Illescas (désert de Sechura), Pérou Nord.","Notes critiques sur quelques trochilides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/317889#page/13/mode/1up","Rhodopis vesper koepckeae"],["6756","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Rhodopis vesper vesper","(Lesson, 1829)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.85 pl.19, tab.xv",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Peru to far northern Chile (Tacna and Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D7989C6",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/21/mode/1up","Ornismya vesper"],["6757","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Rhodopis vesper atacamensis","(Leybold, 1869)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 32 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northern Chile (Atacama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-236792BB",null,null,"Quinta de Sápulen, Copiapé, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203349#page/51/mode/1up","Trochilus atacamensis"],["6758","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eulidia","Mulsant, 1877","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches ou colibris, constituant la famille des Trochilidés 4 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus yarrellii [Bourcier, 1847]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Eulidia"],["6759","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eulidia yarrellii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.45","Chilean Woodstar","Chilean Woodstar","Chilean Woodstar",null,null,"vegetated valleys in arid northern Chile, in Vitor and Camarones valleys (Arica); historical records from southern Peru (Tacna and possibly Moquegua), and Lluta and Azapa valleys in far northern Chile; critically endangered",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688244","chiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiwoo1","avibase-5A1EC393",null,null,"Montevideo, error; Arica, Chile, substituted by Hellmayr antea.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/547/mode/1up","Trochilus Yarrellii"],["6760","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Philodice","Mulsant, Verreaux & Verreaux, 1866","Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg 12 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus mitchellii [Bourcier]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Philodice"],["6761","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Philodice mitchellii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.47","Purple-throated Woodstar","Purple-throated Woodstar","Purple-throated Woodstar",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama (Darién) to western Colombia and southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688163","putwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putwoo1","avibase-A6345E7E",null,null,"Zimapan.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/549/mode/1up","Trochilus Mitchellii"],["6762","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Philodice bryantae","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.483","Magenta-throated Woodstar","Magenta-throated Woodstar","Magenta-throated Woodstar",null,null,"highlands of northern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688153","matwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/matwoo1","avibase-B1AABA96",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new species of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/503/mode/1up","Doricha bryantae"],["6763","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microstilbon","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Microstilbon insperatus [Todd, 1913]; type by original designation = Chaetocercus burmeisteri P.L. Sclater, 1888",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/216/mode/1up","Microstilbon"],["6764","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microstilbon burmeisteri","(Sclater, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.4 p.639","Slender-tailed Woodstar","Slender-tailed Woodstar","Slender-tailed Woodstar",null,null,"arid scrub of eastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688182","sltwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sltwoo1","avibase-661BA735",null,null,"Valle del Tafí, Tucumán, Argentina.","[Description of a supposed new Humming-bird of the genus Chaetocercus, sent by Dr. H. Burmeister, F.M.Z.S.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/777/mode/1up","Chaetocercus burmeisteri"],["6765","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.22",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ornismya jourdanii [Bourcier, 1839]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/34/mode/1up","Chaetocercus"],["6766","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus mulsant","(Bourcier, 1843)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 5 p.344 pl.20","White-bellied Woodstar","White-bellied Woodstar","White-bellied Woodstar",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688251","whbwoo6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwoo6","avibase-1C5AB704",null,null,"Colombia and Yungas, Bolivia.","Descriptions et figures de plusieurs espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches.",null,"Ornismya Mulsanti"],["6767","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus bombus","Gould, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.804","Little Woodstar","Little Woodstar","Little Woodstar",null,null,"Andes of far southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to northern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688257","litwoo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litwoo5","avibase-E15587CB",null,null,"Citado, Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of two new species of Humming-birds from Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/926/mode/1up","Chaetocercus bombus"],["6768","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus heliodor","(Bourcier, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.275","Gorgeted Woodstar","Gorgeted Woodstar","Gorgeted Woodstar",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of western Venezuela southward in the central and eastern Andes of Colombia to the Andes of eastern Ecuador southward to Morona Santiago; in the western Andes of Colombia from Antioquia southward to Cauca, and possibly in the Andes of northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688268","gorwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gorwoo2","avibase-42C220C5",null,null,"Santa-Fé de Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/285/mode/1up","Ornismya heliodor"],["6769","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus heliodor heliodor","(Bourcier, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador to northwestern Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6688C19C",null,null,"Santa-Fé de Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/285/mode/1up","Ornismya heliodor"],["6770","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus heliodor cleavesi","Moore, 1934","The Condor 36, no.1 p.3,col.pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northeastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DECD26CC",null,null,"Cuyuja, northeastern Ecuador.","A new species of Hummingbird, genus Chaetocercus, from eastern Ecuador.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol36/iss1/1/","Chaetocercus cleavesi"],["6771","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus astreans","(Bangs, 1899)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.76","Santa Marta Woodstar","Santa Marta Woodstar","Santa Marta Woodstar",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688274","samwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samwoo2","avibase-5506AB34",null,null,"San Sebastian, 6600 feet, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","On a small collection of birds from San Sebastian, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/90/mode/1up","Acestrura astreans"],["6772","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus berlepschi","Simon, 1889","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 2 p.230","Esmeraldas Woodstar","Esmeraldas Woodstar","Esmeraldas Woodstar",null,null,"lowlands of western Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Manabí, and Guayas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688279","esmwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/esmwoo2","avibase-7A28F870",null,null,"Ecuador.","Notes sur quelques espèces de Trochilidés. Description d'une espèce nouvelle du genre Chaetocercus,","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38344#page/268/mode/1up","Chaetocercus Berlepschi"],["6773","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus jourdanii","(Bourcier, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.295","Rufous-shafted Woodstar","Rufous-shafted Woodstar","Rufous-shafted Woodstar",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of western Venezuela southward in the central and eastern Andes of Colombia to the Andes of eastern Ecuador southward to Morona Santiago; in the western Andes of Colombia from Antioquia southward to Cauca, and possibly in the Andes of northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688290","ruswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruswoo1","avibase-956D9AB7",null,null,"Trinidad.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/303/mode/1up","Ornismya Jourdanii"],["6774","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus jourdanii andinus","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northeastern Colombia to western Venezuela (Lara to Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-509F0EFB",null,null,"Cubiro, Lara, Venezuela, alt. 1650 m","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/201/mode/1up","Chaetocercus jourdanii andinus"],["6775","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus jourdanii rosae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Zulia to Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1974B82",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/328/mode/1up","Trochilus Rosae"],["6776","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chaetocercus jourdanii jourdanii","(Bourcier, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Cumaná), and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEE4152F",null,null,"Trinidad.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/303/mode/1up","Ornismya Jourdanii"],["6777","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calothorax","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ornisma cyanopogon [Lesson, 1829]; type by original designation = Cynanthus lucifer Swainson, 1827",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/27/mode/1up","Calothorax"],["6778","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calothorax lucifer","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.442","Lucifer Sheartail","Lucifer Hummingbird","Lucifer Hummingbird",null,null,"arid mountains of southwestern USA and northern Mexico; winters to southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688185","luchum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luchum","avibase-AB658C2D",null,null,"Temescai 1 tepee, Mexico","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/458/mode/1up","Cynanthus Lucifer"],["6779","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calothorax pulcher","Gould, 1859","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.4, no.20 p.97","Beautiful Sheartail","Beautiful Hummingbird","Beautiful Hummingbird",null,null,"arid scrub of southern Mexico (Guerrero and southern Puebla to eastern Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688189","beahum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beahum1","avibase-B569CB1E",null,null,"Oaxaca.","X. Descriptions of four new Species of Humming-birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19633#page/109/mode/1up","Calothorax pulchra"],["6780","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doricha","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus enicurus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/608/mode/1up","Doricha"],["6781","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doricha enicura","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.429","Slender Sheartail","Slender Sheartail","Slender Sheartail",null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Honduras and El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688172","sleshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sleshe1","avibase-FF6D92AA",null,null,"Brazil, error = Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/443/mode/1up","Trochilus enicurus"],["6782","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Doricha eliza","(Lesson & Delattre, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.20","Mexican Sheartail","Mexican Sheartail","Mexican Sheartail",null,null,"hills of Barranca de Naolinco, central Veracruz (east-central Mexico), and disjunctly in coastal thornscrub and gardens of northwestern to north-central Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688175","mexshe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexshe1","avibase-FAF780DF",null,null,"Between Vera Cruz and Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/28/mode/1up","Trochilus eliza"],["6783","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Archilochus","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus alexandri [Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846]; type by monotypy",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/609/mode/1up","Archilochus"],["6784","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Archilochus colubris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.120","Ruby-throated Hummingbird","Ruby-throated Hummingbird","Ruby-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"breeds eastern Canada and USA; winters Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688193","rthhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rthhum","avibase-DEC3D8D0",null,null,"North America = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/138/mode/1up","Trochilus Colubris"],["6785","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Archilochus alexandri","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.330","Black-chinned Hummingbird","Black-chinned Hummingbird","Black-chinned Hummingbird",null,null,"breeds drier parts of southern British Columbia to northwestern Mexico; winters to southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688196","bkchum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkchum","avibase-4BB4F257",null,null,"Sierra Madre, Mexico","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/342/mode/1up","Trochilus Alexandri"],["6786","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Nesophlox","Ridgway, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23, 1910 p.55.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus evelynae [Bourcier]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/77/mode/1up","Nesophlox"],["6787","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Nesophlox evelynae","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.44","Bahama Woodstar","Bahama Woodstar","Bahama Hummingbird",null,null,"varied habitats in Bahamas (except for Inagua group) and the Caicos Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/133484158","bahwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahwoo","avibase-00D11273",null,null,"Nassau, New Providence Id., Bahamas.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/546/mode/1up","Trochilus Evelynae"],["6788","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Nesophlox lyrura","(Gould, 1869)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.20 p.111,112","Inagua Woodstar","Inagua Woodstar","Lyre-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"scrub, riparian areas, and gardens of Great and Little Inagua islands (southern Bahamas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/133484007","inawoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inawoo2","avibase-0CE9F483",null,null,"Inagua Island, Bahamas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/125/mode/1up","Doricha lyrura"],["6789","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Mellisuga","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.40;3, p.694",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus minimus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Trochilus minimus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/82/mode/1up","Mellisuga"],["6790","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Mellisuga helenae","(Lembeye, 1850)","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.70 pl.10 fig.2","Bee Hummingbird","Bee Hummingbird","Bee Hummingbird",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688214","beehum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beehum1","avibase-2AA5F01C",null,null,"Cardenas, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/78/mode/1up","Orthorhynchus helenae"],["6791","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Mellisuga minima","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121","Vervain Hummingbird","Vervain Hummingbird","Vervain Hummingbird",null,null,"varied habitats and elevations on Jamaica and Hispaniola and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688229","verhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verhum1","avibase-84644567",null,null,"America = Jamaica, ex Edwards, pl. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus minimus"],["6792","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Mellisuga minima minima","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0910DEFE",null,null,"America = Jamaica, ex Edwards, pl. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus minimus"],["6793","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Mellisuga minima vielloti","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola, Gonâve, Tortue, Saona, Catalina and Île-à-Vache",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1722BFCC",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/453/mode/1up","Trochilus Vielloti"],["6794","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calypte","Gould, 1856","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt11 pl.5,6,7,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya costae [Bourcier, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, Brewer & Ridgway, 1875, Hist. North Amer. Birds., Land Birds, 2, p. 453).",null,null,null,"Calypte"],["6795","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calypte anna","(Lesson, 1829)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.205 pl.74, tab.xxxi","Anna's Hummingbird","Anna's Hummingbird","Anna's Hummingbird",null,null,"breeds southwestern Alaska to northwestern Baja California (northwestern Mexico); winters to northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688199","annhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/annhum","avibase-42393721",null,null,"California i.e. San Francisco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/37/mode/1up","Ornismya Anna"],["6796","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Calypte costae","(Bourcier, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.294","Costa's Hummingbird","Costa's Hummingbird","Costa's Hummingbird",null,null,"breeds arid southwestern USA to southern Baja California and northwestern Mexico; withdraws from south-central USA in winter and reaches west-central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688202","coshum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coshum","avibase-145F1116",null,null,"California = Magdalena Bay, Baja California.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/302/mode/1up","Ornismya Costae"],["6797","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus rufus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/464/mode/1up","Selasphorus"],["6798","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus calliope","(Gould, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.11","Calliope Hummingbird","Calliope Hummingbird","Calliope Hummingbird",null,null,"breeds mountains of British Columbia to southwestern USA and northern Baja California; winters to southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688232","calhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calhum","avibase-5816834E",null,null,"Mexico.","Drafts for an arrangement of the Trochilidae, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/513/mode/1up","Trochilus (Calothorax) Calliope"],["6799","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus rufus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.497","Rufous Hummingbird","Rufous Hummingbird","Rufous Hummingbird",null,null,"breeds Alaska to northwestern USA; winters to southern Mexico",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688296","rufhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufhum","avibase-1E1B6D19",null,null,"'In sinu Americae Natka,' i.e. Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/509/mode/1up","Trochilus rufus"],["6800","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus sasin","(Lesson, 1829)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.190 pl.66, tab.xxx","Allen's Hummingbird","Allen's Hummingbird","Allen's Hummingbird",null,null,"southern Oregon to southern California including the Channel Islands; winters to central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688299","allhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/allhum","avibase-C25794D5",null,null,"Nootka Sound, vicinity of Monterey and San Francisco, California, = San Francisco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/36/mode/1up","Ornismya Sasin"],["6801","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus sasin sasin","(Lesson, 1829)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.190 pl.66, tab.xxx",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Oregon to southern California; winters to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A8C943C",null,null,"Nootka Sound, vicinity of Monterey and San Francisco, California, = San Francisco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/36/mode/1up","Ornismya Sasin"],["6802","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus sasin sedentarius","Grinnell, 1929","The Condor 31, no.5 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"Channel Islands (off southern California) and adjacent mainland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E71F89B",null,null,"Smuggler's Cove, San Clemente Island, California.","A new race of Hummingbird from southern California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol31/iss5/21/","Selasphorus alleni sedentarius"],["6803","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus platycercus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441","Broad-tailed Hummingbird","Broad-tailed Hummingbird","Broad-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"breeds mountains of southwestern USA to Mexico and Guatemala; withdraws from USA in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688293","brthum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brthum","avibase-AFBD5A5F",null,null,"No locality = Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/457/mode/1up","Trochilus platycercus"],["6804","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus heloisa","(Lesson & Delattre, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.15","Bumblebee Hummingbird","Bumblebee Hummingbird","Bumblebee Hummingbird",null,null,"montane forest and edge from southwestern Chihuahua on the Pacific slope and central Nuevo León on the Caribbean slope (northern Mexico) southward through transvolcanic belt of central Mexico to south-central Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688235","bumhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bumhum","avibase-FDB8FCFF",null,null,"Jalapa and Quatepu [= Coatepec] Vera Cruz.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/23/mode/1up","Ornismya Heloisa"],["6805","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus heloisa margarethae","(Moore, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sinaloa and southwestern Chihuahua to Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F63F2BBB",null,null,"Rancho Batel, five miles north of Santa Lucia, Sinaloa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/128/mode/1up","Atthis heloisa margarethae"],["6806","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus heloisa heloisa","(Lesson & Delattre, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Mexico (central Tamaulipas to Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2D70D69",null,null,"Jalapa and Quatepu [= Coatepec] Vera Cruz.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/23/mode/1up","Ornismya Heloisa"],["6807","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus ellioti","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.7 p.8,9,fig.","Wine-throated Hummingbird","Wine-throated Hummingbird","Wine-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"montane forest and edge from Chiapas through southern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688238","withum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/withum1","avibase-A5C2B7FB",null,null,"Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/17/mode/1up","Atthis ellioti"],["6808","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus ellioti ellioti","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.7 p.8,9,fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-668CFD14",null,null,"Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/17/mode/1up","Atthis ellioti"],["6809","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus ellioti selasphoroides","(Griscom, 1932)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8C20712",null,null,"Cerro Cantoral, 6500 feet, Dist. of Achaga, Honduras.",null,null,"Atthis heloisa selasphoroides"],["6810","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus flammula","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.586","Volcano Hummingbird","Volcano Hummingbird","Volcano Hummingbird",null,null,"forest edge, páramo, and open areas of high mountains from central Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688302","volhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/volhum1","avibase-BBA56D2E",null,null,"Volcán de Cartago, i.e. Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/682/mode/1up","Selasphorus flammula"],["6811","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus flammula flammula","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica (Volcán Irazú and Volcán Turrialba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02ABD8F4",null,null,"Volcán de Cartago, i.e. Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/682/mode/1up","Selasphorus flammula"],["6812","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus flammula simoni","Carriker, 1910","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 6 p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica (Volcán Poás, Volcán Barba, and Cerros de Escazú)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4515058",null,null,"Volcán de Barba, Costa Rica.","An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122994#page/604/mode/1up","Selasphorus simoni"],["6813","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus flammula torridus","Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Talamanca (Costa Rica) and Volcán Barú (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D20F3629",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/266/mode/1up","Selasphorus torridus"],["6814","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus scintilla","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.162","Scintillant Hummingbird","Scintillant Hummingbird","Scintillant Hummingbird",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688305","scihum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scihum1","avibase-81D324D0",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí, 9000 feet, Panama.","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/222/mode/1up","Trochilus (Selosphorus) scintilla"],["6815","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Selasphorus ardens","Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.209","Glow-throated Hummingbird","Glow-throated Hummingbird","Glow-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"mountains of western Panama (Chiriquí and Veraguas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688308","glthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glthum1","avibase-DA7DAB3E",null,null,"Calovébora and Castillo, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/267/mode/1up","Selasphorus ardens"],["6816","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeoptila","Gould, 1861","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds 5 pl.340.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cyanomyia (?) sordida [Gould, 1859]",null,null,null,"Phaeoptila"],["6817","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeoptila sordida","(Gould, 1859)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.4, no.20 p.97","Dusky Hummingbird","Dusky Hummingbird","Dusky Hummingbird",null,null,"mountains of central Mexico (Michoacán to Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687368","dushum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dushum1","avibase-F0258298",null,null,"Oaxaca, Mexico.","X. Descriptions of four new Species of Humming-birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19633#page/109/mode/1up","Cyanomyia (?) sordida"],["6818","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Riccordia","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.8,4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya Ricordii [Gervais, 1835]",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/604/mode/1up","Riccordia"],["6819","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Riccordia maugaeus","(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)","Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques 1, livr.7 p.77,79 (or 93) pl.37,38","Puerto Rican Emerald","Puerto Rican Emerald","Puerto Rican Emerald",null,null,"Puerto Rico (primarily in montane forest)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687339","pureme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pureme1","avibase-E985A051",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109199#page/191/mode/1up","Trochilus Maugaeus"],["6820","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Riccordia swainsonii","(Lesson, 1829)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.197 pl.70, tab.xvii","Hispaniolan Emerald","Hispaniolan Emerald","Hispaniolan Emerald",null,null,"primarily montane forest of Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687336","hiseme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hiseme1","avibase-DD88EB5A",null,null,"Brazil, error = Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/23/mode/1up","Ornismya Swainsonii"],["6821","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Riccordia bicolor","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.496","Blue-headed Hummingbird","Blue-headed Hummingbird","Blue-headed Hummingbird",null,null,"Lesser Antilles (mountains of Dominica and Martinique)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687380","blhhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhhum1","avibase-3DBAC388",null,null,"Guadeloupe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/508/mode/1up","Trochilus bicolor"],["6822","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Riccordia ricordii","(Gervais, 1835)","Magasin de Zoologie 5, cl.2 text to pl.41-42, p.3; pl.41-42","Cuban Emerald","Cuban Emerald","Cuban Emerald",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, Grand Bahama, Great Abaco, and Andros",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687330","cubeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubeme1","avibase-1AE81F8C",null,null,"Santiago, Cuba.","O. Ricordii. Gerv.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114196#page/53/mode/1up","Ornismya Ricordii"],["6823","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Riccordia bracei","(Lawrence, 1877)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 no.1&2 p.50","Brace's Emerald","Brace's Emerald","Brace's Emerald","2025-0308","Taxon <em>elegans </em>is removed from <em>Riccordia bracei </em>and treated as a taxon of uncertain status pending further research. Described from a single specimen of uncertain provenance, <em>elegans </em>differs from <em>bracei </em>in morphology (Weller 1999) and should not be considered conspecific. However, genetic data are needed to accurately assign species status.","formerly northern Bahamas; extinct, last reported 1877","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687333","braeme2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/braeme2","avibase-10787A38",null,null,"New Providence, Bahama Islands.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Trochilidae and Tetraonidae. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/82/mode/1up","Sporadinus Bracei"],["6824","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cynanthus latirostris [Swainson, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Stone, 1907, Auk, 24, p. 192).",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/457/mode/1up","Cynanthus"],["6825","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus lawrencei","(Berlepsch, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.19 p.292","Tres Marias Hummingbird","Tres Marias Hummingbird","Tres Marias Hummingbird","2025-0296","<em>Cynanthus latirostris sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on plumage and genetics: <em>C. latirostris</em> (polytypic); <em>C. doubledayi </em>(monotypic); and <em>C. lawrencei </em>(monotypic). A combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA did not recover <em>C. latirostris sensu lato</em> as monophyletic but placed the phenotypically distinct <em>doubledayi </em>as sister to <em>C. auriceps </em>(Hernández-Baños et al. 2020). Species status for <em>lawrencei </em>is less clear; despite differences in plumage, genetic divergence from <em>latirostris </em>is relatively shallow (Hernández-Baños et al. 2020).","Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726267","brbhum3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbhum3","avibase-74CFA678",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands.","Descriptions of new Species and Subspecies of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/338/mode/1up","Iache lawrencei"],["6826","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus latirostris","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441","Broad-billed Hummingbird","Broad-billed Hummingbird","Broad-billed Hummingbird","2025-0296","<em>Cynanthus latirostris sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on plumage and genetics: <em>C. latirostris</em> (polytypic); <em>C. doubledayi </em>(monotypic); and <em>C. lawrencei </em>(monotypic). A combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA did not recover <em>C. latirostris sensu lato</em> as monophyletic but placed the phenotypically distinct <em>doubledayi </em>as sister to <em>C. auriceps </em>(Hernández-Baños et al. 2020). Species status for <em>lawrencei </em>is less clear; despite differences in plumage, genetic divergence from <em>latirostris </em>is relatively shallow (Hernández-Baños et al. 2020).","drier and riparian woodland from lowlands to mountains of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico (southwestern USA) on Pacific slope and central Nuevo León on Caribbean slope (northern Mexico) south to Puebla (south-central Mexico); some withdrawal from north in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725767","brbhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbhum","avibase-C29BA985",null,null,"Tableland of Mexico; probably does not occur there. Valley of Mexico near Mexico City, designated as type locality by Moore, antea, p. 59.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/457/mode/1up","Cynanthus latirostris"],["6827","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus latirostris magicus","(Mulsant & Verreaux, 1872)","Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. (nouvelle série.) n.s., 18 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico (Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2DAA7F3",null,null,"Mazatlán 'Basse Californie.' i.e. Sinaloa.","Description d'une espèce nouvelle d'oiseau-mouche.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237259#page/150/mode/1up","Hylocharis magica"],["6828","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus latirostris propinquus","Moore, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico (Guanajuato to Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA1C81F2",null,null,"Five miles northeast of Irapuato, 5600 feet, Guanajuato, Mexico.","A new race of Cynanthus latirostris from Guanajuato (Mexico).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/79/mode/1up","Cynanthus latirostris propinquus"],["6829","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus latirostris latirostris","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí to northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6D29224",null,null,"Tableland of Mexico; probably does not occur there. Valley of Mexico near Mexico City, designated as type locality by Moore, antea, p. 59.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/457/mode/1up","Cynanthus latirostris"],["6830","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus doubledayi","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.46","Turquoise-crowned Hummingbird","Turquoise-crowned Hummingbird","Turquoise-crowned Hummingbird","2025-0296","<em>Cynanthus latirostris sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on plumage and genetics: <em>C. latirostris</em> (polytypic); <em>C. doubledayi </em>(monotypic); and <em>C. lawrencei </em>(monotypic). A combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA did not recover <em>C. latirostris sensu lato</em> as monophyletic but placed the phenotypically distinct <em>doubledayi </em>as sister to <em>C. auriceps </em>(Hernández-Baños et al. 2020). Species status for <em>lawrencei </em>is less clear; despite differences in plumage, genetic divergence from <em>latirostris </em>is relatively shallow (Hernández-Baños et al. 2020).","southern Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725775","brbhum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbhum2","avibase-052BEA40",null,null,"Presumably from the Río Negro, error = Guerrero.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/548/mode/1up","Trochilus Doubledayi"],["6831","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus auriceps","(Gould, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.137","Golden-crowned Emerald","Golden-crowned Emerald","Golden-crowned Emerald",null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sinaloa to Durango, Guerrero, and Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729031","goceme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goceme1","avibase-05C96F92",null,null,"Mexico.","Descriptions of three new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/185/mode/1up","Trochilus (?) auriceps"],["6832","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus forficatus","(Ridgway, 1885)","Description of some new species of birds from Cozumel Island, Yucatan p.3","Cozumel Emerald","Cozumel Emerald","Cozumel Emerald",null,null,"Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico); one old specimen Isla Mujeres",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724454","cozeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cozeme1","avibase-3737BCB9",null,null,"Cozumel Island [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,null,"Chlorostilbon forficatus"],["6833","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus canivetii","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.174,177 pl.37,38","Canivet's Emerald","Canivet's Emerald","Canivet's Emerald",null,null,"humid to arid forest edge in lowlands to hills of Caribbean slope from central Tamaulipas (east-central Mexico) through Yucatan Peninsula (including Isla Holbox but not Cozumel) to Honduras including islands to the north, thence southward on Pacific slope to north-central Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687304","caneme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caneme1","avibase-FF34508D",null,null,"Brazil, error = Jalapa, Vera Cruz, ex Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/316/mode/1up","Ornismya canivetii"],["6834","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus canivetii canivetii","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.174,177 pl.37,38",null,null,null,null,null,"Tamaulipas (east-central Mexico) to Belize, northern Guatemala, and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C61E904",null,null,"Brazil, error = Jalapa, Vera Cruz, ex Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/316/mode/1up","Ornismya canivetii"],["6835","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus canivetii osberti","(Gould, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (southeastern Chiapas) to Honduras, including Isla Holbox (off Yucatan Peninsula) and Bay and Hog islands (off Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64602A4C",null,null,"Dueñas, Guatemala.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/391/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon osberti"],["6836","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Cynanthus canivetii salvini","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FB02874",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/56/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon Salvini"],["6837","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon","Gould, 1853","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt5 pl.14,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chlorostilbon prasinus [Gould, 1853]; type by monotypy = Trochilus pucherani Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848  ",null,null,null,"Chlorostilbon"],["6838","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121","Blue-tailed Emerald","Blue-tailed Emerald",null,"2025-0303","Taxon <em>melanorhynchus </em>(with <em>pumilus </em>as a synonym) is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chlorostilbon mellisugus</em> (polytypic) based on genetics. Combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (McGuire et al. 2014; Hernández-Baños et al. 2020) do not recover these taxa as monophyletic, albeit based on limited geographic sampling. Differences in plumage are less definitive.","humid and semi-humid to dry forest and scrub from northern Venezuela (westward to Zulia), including Isla Margarita, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Trinidad, and the Guianas (including the tepuis) southward across the Amazon basin in Brazil southward to southern Tocantins and eastern Mato Grosso, and in the western Amazon from southwestern Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia, to western Santa Cruz",null,null,null,"blteme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blteme1","avibase-EFE80E7B",null,null,"Indiis (=West Indies)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus mellisugus"],["6839","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus caribaeus","Lawrence, 1871","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela including Isla Margarita, Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CB54B58",null,null,"Island of Curaçao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/33/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon caribaeus"],["6840","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus duidae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1952","American Museum Novitates no.1544 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F22961A0",null,null,"Mt. Duida, Territorio, Amazonas, Venezuela","New birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5093/","Chlorostilbon mellisuga duidae"],["6841","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus subfurcatus","Berlepsch, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.19 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to Guyana and northwestern Brazil (Rio Branco region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C4950DF",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3500-4000 feet.","Descriptions of new Species and Subspecies of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/343/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon subfurcatus"],["6842","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus mellisugus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname, French Guiana, and lower Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47C8C61E",null,null,"Indiis (=West Indies)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus mellisugus"],["6843","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus phoeopygus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"upper Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B1CA8A7",null,null,"Peru, probably the Chanchamayo Valley.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/305/mode/1up","Trochilus phoeopygus"],["6844","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus napensis","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-939351F1",null,null,"Banks of the River Napo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/193/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon napensis"],["6845","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon mellisugus peruanus","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A643D4D2",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/193/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon Peruanus"],["6846","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon olivaresi","Stiles, 1996","Wilson Bulletin 108, no.1 p.3","Chiribiquete Emerald","Chiribiquete Emerald","Chiribiquete Emerald",null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Sierra de Chiribiquete)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724623","chieme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chieme1","avibase-727A9FFC",null,null,"Valle de los Menhires, elev. 570m, Sierra de Chiribiquete, Depto. del Caquetá, Colombia (0”56’N, 72”42’W) by F. G. Stiles, J. L. Telleria, and M. Dfaz on 24 November 1992","A New Species Of Emerald Hummingbird (Trochilidae, Chlorostilbon) From The Sierra De Chiribiquete, Southeastern Colombia, With A Review Of The C. Mellisugus Complex","https://web.archive.org/web/20250625055135/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v108n01/p0001-p0027.pdf","Chlorostilbon olivaresi"],["6847","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon gibsoni","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.17","Red-billed Emerald","Red-billed Emerald","Red-billed Emerald",null,null,"deciduous forest, xeric scrub, and semi-desert in the lowlands of northern Colombia (including the Guajira Peninsula), eastward to northwestern Venezuela (to eastern Falcón), and southward in the Magdalena Valley to the headwaters (in Huila)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687342","rebeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebeme1","avibase-114CC90E",null,null,"No locality; Chicoral, upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia, designated by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 290.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/739/mode/1up","Trochilus Gibsoni"],["6848","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon gibsoni gibsoni","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C26077A6",null,null,"No locality; Chicoral, upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia, designated by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 290.","Characters of new Species of Humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/739/mode/1up","Trochilus Gibsoni"],["6849","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon gibsoni chrysogaster","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Colombia (Cartagena to Santa Marta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30CACE66",null,null,"Carthagena, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/109/mode/1up","Trochilus chrysogaster"],["6850","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon gibsoni nitens","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coast of far northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E2FED30",null,null,"Venezuela; Phelps and Phelps, suggested Maracaibo as type locality",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/325/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon nitens"],["6851","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon lucidus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.327","Glittering-bellied Emerald","Glittering-bellied Emerald","Glittering-bellied Emerald",null,null,"dry to semi-humid forest, woodland and Cerrado from northeastern Brazil, in Piauí and eastern Maranhão southward across interior Brazil and the Atlantic Coast to Uruguay and eastern Argentina (southward to Buenos Aires) and southwestward to southern Mato Grosso, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and the Yungas of northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687321","glbeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glbeme1","avibase-69D81B74",null,null,"Paraguay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/429/mode/1up","Trochilus lucidus"],["6852","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon lucidus pucherani","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão and Ceará to Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-924305AC",null,null,"Brazil, = Rio de Janeiro by designation of Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 390.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/283/mode/1up","Trochilus Pucherani"],["6853","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon lucidus lucidus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia eastward to west-central Brazil and southward to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94790ECF",null,null,"Paraguay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/429/mode/1up","Trochilus lucidus"],["6854","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon lucidus berlepschi","Pinto, 1938","Revista do Museu Paulista 22(1937) p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C698AAD",null,null,"Taquard, Rio Grande do Sul, ex Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeitschr. gesamt. Orn., 1885, p. 155.","Catalogo das Aves do Brasil e lista dos exemplares que as representam no Museu Paulista.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189702#page/297/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon aureoventris berlepschi"],["6855","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon poortmani","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.2","Short-tailed Emerald","Short-tailed Emerald","Short-tailed Emerald","2025-0302","Taxon <em>alice </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chlorostilbon poortmani </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Usually treated as separate species since Peters (1945), and possibly forming a species complex with <em>C. stenurus</em>, further research is needed to determine species limits for these data-deficient taxa.","humid to semi-humid forest and borders in the Andes of western Venezuela southwestward to the eastern Andes of Colombia southward to Huila",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687362","shteme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shteme1","avibase-0A7F307E",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/10/mode/1up","Ornismya poortmani"],["6856","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon poortmani poortmani","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5A5A4BC",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/10/mode/1up","Ornismya poortmani"],["6857","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon poortmani euchloris","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (west slope from Santander to Huila, and east slope in Norte de Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C55F1E0",null,null,"Northern Peru, error = Colombia?","Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/619/mode/1up","Chlorestes Euchloris"],["6858","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon stenurus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.50,note7","Narrow-tailed Emerald","Narrow-tailed Emerald","Narrow-tailed Emerald",null,null,"humid shrubbery and forest in the foothills of the Andes in western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia in Norte de Santander; also in coastal mountains of northwestern Venezuela, in Carabobo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687348","nateme2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nateme2","avibase-142F4F29",null,null,"Menda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/58/mode/1up","Panychlora stenura"],["6859","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon stenurus stenurus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.50,note7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65C049E8",null,null,"Menda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/58/mode/1up","Panychlora stenura"],["6860","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon stenurus ignotus","Todd, 1942","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 29 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela to highlands of far southeastern Lara",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D965D4B7",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.","List of the Hummingbirds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216728#page/403/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon stenurus ignotus"],["6861","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon alice","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.274","Green-tailed Emerald","Green-tailed Emerald","Green-tailed Emerald","2025-0302","Taxon <em>alice </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chlorostilbon poortmani </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Usually treated as separate species since Peters (1945), and possibly forming a species complex with <em>C. stenurus</em>, further research is needed to determine species limits for these data-deficient taxa.","mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón to Lara, Sucre, and northern Monagas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687359","grteme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grteme1","avibase-D4F4C613",null,null,"Caracas.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/286/mode/1up","Trochilus Alice"],["6862","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon russatus","(Salvin & Godman, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.597","Coppery Emerald","Coppery Emerald","Coppery Emerald",null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and the Serranía de Perijá (Colombia and Venezuela)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687345","copeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copeme1","avibase-3B22C2E7",null,null,"Manaure, San Sebastian and San José, Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some new and little-known Species of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/659/mode/1up","Panychlora russata"],["6863","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon assimilis","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.292","Garden Emerald","Garden Emerald","Garden Emerald",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and Panama, including Coiba and Pearl islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687310","gareme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gareme1","avibase-C99DAFD1",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama (line of the Panama Railway, probably on the Atlantic side)","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/312/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon assimilis"],["6864","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus","Gould, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.308","Western Emerald","Western Emerald",null,"2025-0303","Taxon <em>melanorhynchus </em>(with <em>pumilus </em>as a synonym) is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chlorostilbon mellisugus</em> (polytypic) based on genetics. Combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (McGuire et al. 2014; Hernández-Baños et al. 2020) do not recover these taxa as monophyletic, albeit based on limited geographic sampling. Differences in plumage are less definitive.","semi-open hills to high valleys of western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,"weseme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weseme1","avibase-99625377",null,null,"Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/390/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus"],["6865","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Basilinna","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.546",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus guimeti [Bourcier]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/299/mode/1up","Basilinna"],["6866","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Basilinna xantusii","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.109","Xantus's Hummingbird","Xantus's Hummingbird","Xantus's Hummingbird",null,null,"arid scrub of southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687424","xanhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/xanhum","avibase-2A5C6788",null,null,"Cape San Lucas, Baja California.","Descriptions of three new species of humming-birds of the genera Heliomaster, Amazilia, and Mellisuga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/125/mode/1up","Amazilia Xantusii"],["6867","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Basilinna leucotis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.428","White-eared Hummingbird","White-eared Hummingbird","White-eared Hummingbird",null,null,"montane forest and edge of southeastern Arizona (southwestern USA) on Pacific slope and central Nuevo León on Caribbean slope southward through northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687428","whehum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whehum","avibase-D49E0B95",null,null,"Brazil, error, Orizaba, Vera Cruz designated as type locality by Griscom, supra. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/440/mode/1up","Trochilus leucotis"],["6868","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Basilinna leucotis borealis","(Griscom, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.379 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F92FF06",null,null,"Pinos Altos, Chihuahua.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5418/","Hylocharis leucotis borealis"],["6869","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Basilinna leucotis leucotis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"highland pine forest of central and southern Mexico to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F4DBE58",null,null,"Brazil, error, Orizaba, Vera Cruz designated as type locality by Griscom, supra. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/440/mode/1up","Trochilus leucotis"],["6870","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Basilinna leucotis pygmaea","Simon & Hellmayr, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AA35D9C",null,null,"Matagalpa, Nicaragua.","Notes critiques sur quelques Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/28/mode/1up","Basilinna leucotis pygmaea"],["6871","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pampa","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pampa campyloptera [Reichenbach, 1854]",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/600/mode/1up","Pampa"],["6872","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pampa rufa","(Lesson, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.73","Rufous Sabrewing","Rufous Sabrewing","Rufous Sabrewing",null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas) to El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687066","rufsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufsab1","avibase-BA9F2935",null,null,"No locality, « Guatemala.","Oiseaux-mouches rares ou nouveaux, communiqués par MM. Longuemare et Parzudaki, faisant partie du t. IV inédit de l'histoire naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches de M. Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/83/mode/1up","Campylopterus rufus"],["6873","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pampa curvipennis","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1 no.32","Wedge-tailed Sabrewing","Wedge-tailed Sabrewing","Wedge-tailed Sabrewing","2025-0307","Taxa <em>pampa </em>and <em>excellens </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Pampa curvipennis </em>based on genetics and vocalizations. Sometimes treated as separate species, divergences in microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA data (González et al. 2011) are more consistent with intraspecific differentiation. Playback experiments showed only minor differences in response between <em>pampa </em>and <em>curvipennis</em>, and none between <em>excellens </em>and <em>curvipennis </em>(Cruz-Yepez et al. 2020).","forest and edge of lowlands to mountains on Caribbean slope from central Tamaulipas and Sierra de las Tuxtlas (east-central Mexico) southward through Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) and central Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727993","wetsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wetsab1","avibase-A5502452",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Trochilus curvipennis"],["6874","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pampa curvipennis curvipennis","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1 no.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tamaulipas and southeastern San Luis Potosí to northern Oaxaca (northeastern to southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9B1648A",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Trochilus curvipennis"],["6875","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pampa curvipennis pampa","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.127 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula to northern Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2634DDF6",null,null,"Interior of la Plata = Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/227/mode/1up","Ornismya pampa"],["6876","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Pampa curvipennis excellens","Wetmore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de las Tuxtlas (southeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8198FA8",null,null,"Volcán San Martin, 3300 feet, Tuxtla Mountains, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/231/mode/1up","Pampa pampa excellens"],["6877","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Abeillia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Abeillia typica [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by original designation and monotypy = Ornismya abeillei Lesson & DeLattre, 1839",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/141/mode/1up","Abeillia"],["6878","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Abeillia abeillei","(Lesson & Delattre, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.16","Emerald-chinned Hummingbird","Emerald-chinned Hummingbird","Emerald-chinned Hummingbird",null,null,"montane forest and edge of Caribbean slope of central Veracruz (east-central Mexico) to northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687170","emchum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emchum1","avibase-B3F5E5E2",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz [=Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico]","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/24/mode/1up","Ornismya Abeillei"],["6879","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Abeillia abeillei abeillei","(Lesson & Delattre, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico to northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A3C1307",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz [=Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico]","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/24/mode/1up","Ornismya Abeillei"],["6880","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Abeillia abeillei aurea","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Honduras and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61C5D997",null,null,"San Rafael del Norte, above 4000 feet, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Abeillia abeillei aurea"],["6881","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Klais","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus guimeti [Bourcier, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/609/mode/1up","Klais"],["6882","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Klais guimeti","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.72","Violet-headed Hummingbird","Violet-headed Hummingbird","Violet-headed Hummingbird",null,null,"humid forest from northern Honduras southward across the Gulf of Mexico lowlands to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in the Pacific lowlands and foothills from south-central Costa Rica eastward to Panama, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Sucre), Sierra de Perijá, foothills of the Andes in western Venezuela southward to the northwestern and eastern slopes of the eastern Andes of Colombia, and southward in the eastern Andes of Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia (to western Santa Cruz), and in the northern slopes of the central and western Andes of Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687167","vihhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vihhum1","avibase-CFA062CB",null,null,"Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela","Oiseaux Mouches nouveaux ou mal connus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/80/mode/1up","Trochilus Guimeti"],["6883","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Klais guimeti merrittii","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras to eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CFDF020",null,null,"El Mineral, Veraguas, New Grenada","Descriptions of three new species of humming-birds of the genera Heliomaster, Amazilia, and Mellisuga","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/126/mode/1up","Mellisuga merrittii"],["6884","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Klais guimeti guimeti","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal ranges and Andes of Venezuela south in east slope of Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71E4B4A7",null,null,"Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela","Oiseaux Mouches nouveaux ou mal connus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/80/mode/1up","Trochilus Guimeti"],["6885","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Klais guimeti pallidiventris","Sztolcman, 1926","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to west-central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C266BFB",null,null,"Huambo, 3700 feet, Peru.",null,null,"Klais guimeti pallidiventris"],["6886","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Orthorhyncus","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus cristatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 14).",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA9#v=onepage","Orthorhyncus"],["6887","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Orthorhyncus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121","Antillean Crested Hummingbird","Antillean Crested Hummingbird","Antillean Crested Hummingbird",null,null,"forest edge to open areas of lowlands to mountains of eastern Puerto Rico and eastern satellite islands, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles to Grenada",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687164","anchum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anchum1","avibase-47928606",null,null,"America = West Indies ex Edwards, pl. 37, i.e. Barbados.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus cristatus"],["6888","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Orthorhyncus cristatus exilis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles to St. Lucia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBDFA2B8",null,null,"Guiana, error = St. Kitts, Lesser Antilles, by designation of Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, no. 1, 1918, p. 305, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/496/mode/1up","Trochilus exilis"],["6889","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Orthorhyncus cristatus ornatus","Gould, 1861","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt24 pl.12,text",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8249BDE5",null,null,"Locality unknown = St. Vincent.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108334#page/23/mode/1up","Orthorhynchus ornatus"],["6890","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Orthorhyncus cristatus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Barbados (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E092EA5",null,null,"America = West Indies ex Edwards, pl. 37, i.e. Barbados.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/139/mode/1up","Trochilus cristatus"],["6891","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans","Lawrence, 1877","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 no.1&2 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (Grenadines and Grenada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EB9C639",null,null,"Venezuela = Grenada, Lesser Antilles.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Trochilidae and Tetraonidae. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/82/mode/1up","Orthorhynchus emigrans"],["6892","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthocephala","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus floriceps [Gould, 1854]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/80/mode/1up","Anthocephala"],["6893","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthocephala floriceps","(Gould, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.251 p.62","Santa Marta Blossomcrown","Santa Marta Blossomcrown","Santa Marta Blossomcrown",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154807906","samblo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samblo1","avibase-5DC3CCCD",null,null,"5000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/94/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) floriceps"],["6894","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Anthocephala berlepschi","Salvin, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.12 p.8","Tolima Blossomcrown","Tolima Blossomcrown","Tolima Blossomcrown",null,null,"east slope of central Andes of Colombia (Tolima and northern Huila)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/154809350","tolblo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tolblo1","avibase-C072BD0D",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","[A new species of Humming-bird from the environs of Bogotá, Colombia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/106/mode/1up","Anthocephala berlepschi"],["6895","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Stephanoxis","Simon, 1897","Catalogue des espèces actuellement connues de la famille des trochilidés p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus lalandi [Vieillot, 1818]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 23).",null,null,null,"Stephanoxis"],["6896","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Stephanoxis lalandi","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.427, pl.G.36 fig.3","Green-crowned Plovercrest","Green-crowned Plovercrest","Green-crowned Plovercrest",null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo and northeastern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725751","plover3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plover3","avibase-C9F9F99A",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/439/mode/1up","Trochilus Lalandi"],["6897","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Stephanoxis loddigesii","(Gould, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.12","Purple-crowned Plovercrest","Purple-crowned Plovercrest","Purple-crowned Plovercrest",null,null,"eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones) to southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725761","plover4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plover4","avibase-C85BE5CC",null,null,"Rio Grande, Brazil","Exhibition of several species of Humming-birds from the collection of Mr. John Gould, one of which, previously undescribed.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/26/mode/1up","Trochilus Loddigesii"],["6898","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus latipennis [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 13). = Trochilus largipennis Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/386/mode/1up","Campylopterus"],["6899","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus phainopeplus","Salvin & Godman, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.10 p.202","Santa Marta Sabrewing","Santa Marta Sabrewing","Santa Marta Sabrewing",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687086","samsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samsab1","avibase-1BA07F2C",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, type from San José","On a Collection of Birds from the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/242/mode/1up","Campylopterus phainopeplus"],["6900","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus villaviscensio","(Bourcier, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.187","Napo Sabrewing","Napo Sabrewing","Napo Sabrewing",null,null,"foothills of southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and adjacent northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687090","napsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/napsab1","avibase-A99D6174",null,null,"Napo, Ecuador.","Note sur onze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/197/mode/1up","Trochilus Villaviscensio"],["6901","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus falcatus","(Swainson, 1821)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.16 pl.83,text","Lazuline Sabrewing","Lazuline Sabrewing","Lazuline Sabrewing",null,null,"mountains of Colombia, Venezuela, and eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687083","lazsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lazsab1","avibase-D6C1978F",null,null,"'Spanish Main' = northern Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/111/mode/1up","Trochilus falcatus"],["6902","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus ensipennis","(Swainson, 1822)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.21 pl.107,text","White-tailed Sabrewing","White-tailed Sabrewing","White-tailed Sabrewing",null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela and Tobago",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687078","whtsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtsab1","avibase-31CE3D30",null,null,"Locality unknown.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/255/mode/1up","Trochilus ensipennis"],["6903","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus diamantinensis","Ruschi, 1963","Boletim do Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão 39 p.4","Diamantina Sabrewing","Diamantina Sabrewing","Diamantina Sabrewing",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Serra Espinhaço in Minas Gerais)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200278757","gybsab5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybsab5","avibase-670295B0",null,null,"Córrego das Pedras, Diamantina, Minas Gerais","Um novo representante de Campylopterus, da regiáo de Diamantina, no estado de Minas Gerais.",null,"Campylopterus largipennis diamantinensis"],["6904","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus calcirupicola","Lopes, Vasconcelos & Gonzaga, 2017","Zootaxa 4268 (1) p.15 [1-33]","Outcrop Sabrewing","Outcrop Sabrewing","Outcrop Sabrewing",null,null,"eastern Brazil (southeastern Goiás, southwestern Bahia, and northern Minas Gerais)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200277707","gybsab4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybsab4","avibase-F61125C8",null,null,"Sítio Duboca (16°43’19’’S, 43°58’20’’W, elevation 840 m), municipality of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected on June 6, 2007, by L.E.L., M.F.V. and S. D’Angelo Neto","A cryptic new species of hummingbird of the Campylopterus largipennis complex (Aves: Trochilidae)","http://www.institutopristino.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/A-cryptic-new-species-of-hummingbird-of-the-Campylopterus-largipennis-complex-Aves-Trochilidae.pdf","Campylopterus calcirupicola"],["6905","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus largipennis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41","Grey-breasted Sabrewing","Gray-breasted Sabrewing","Grey-breasted Sabrewing",null,null,"humid forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas across Amazonia from eastern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru to south-central Bolivia (Santa Cruz and adjacent Chuquisaca) and Amazonian Brazil (eastward to eastern Maranhão and southward to south-central Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200273649","gybsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybsab1","avibase-6EF5884B",null,null,"Cayenne, ex d'Aubenton, pl. 672, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Trochilus largipennis"],["6906","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus largipennis largipennis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Rio Negro region of northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-010500CB",null,null,"Cayenne, ex d'Aubenton, pl. 672, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Trochilus largipennis"],["6907","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus largipennis obscurus","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB807EE",null,null,"River Amazon.","Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae. (continued from Part XV).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/29/mode/1up","Campylopterus obscurus"],["6908","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus largipennis aequatorialis","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and northwestern Brazil to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C34A4F9C",null,null,"Neighborhood of Quito.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/70/mode/1up","Campylopterus AEquatorialis"],["6909","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus hemileucurus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1 no.33","Violet Sabrewing","Violet Sabrewing","Violet Sabrewing",null,null,"montane forest and edge from central Veracruz on Caribbean slope and Guerrero on Pacific slope (central Mexico) southward through southern Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula) through central Panama; some non-breeding movement to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687075","viosab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viosab1","avibase-66CE8345",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Trochilus hemileucurus"],["6910","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus hemileucurus hemileucurus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1 no.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico southward to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CF01C5A",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Trochilus hemileucurus"],["6911","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBB26C3B",null,null,"Boquete, 4800 feet, southern slope of Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/36/mode/1up","Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus"],["6912","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus hyperythrus","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.709","Rufous-breasted Sabrewing","Rufous-breasted Sabrewing","Rufous-breasted Sabrewing",null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687069","rubsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsab1","avibase-FA507528",null,null,"Mount Roraima, 6000 feet, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/199/mode/1up","Campylopterus hyperythrus"],["6913","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.13","Buff-breasted Sabrewing","Buff-breasted Sabrewing","Buff-breasted Sabrewing",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687072","bubsab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubsab1","avibase-786A881C",null,null,"Mount Duida, 5000 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Campylopterus duidae"],["6914","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus duidae duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida) and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-236378D1",null,null,"Mount Duida, 5000 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Campylopterus duidae"],["6915","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Campylopterus duidae guaiquinimae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Guaiquinima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-086FAAD7",null,null,"Mount Guaiquinima, Paragua River, State of Bolívar, Venezuela, alt. 1500 m.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Campylopterus duidae guaiquinimae"],["6916","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus buffonii [Lesson, 1832]; type by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1879, Classif. Syn. Trochilidae, p. 45).",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/606/mode/1up","Chalybura"],["6917","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura urochrysia","(Gould, 1861)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt22 pl.7,text","Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer","Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer","Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer","2025-0306","Taxon <em>intermedia </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chalybura buffonii</em> based on similarities in plumage, especially tail color. Sometimes placed in <em>C. urochrysia</em> (as advocated by Schuchmann 1999) based on soft part colors, these are more variable than previously documented. Vocalizations of <em>intermedia </em>may differ from those of both species; further research warranted.","Caribbean slope from northeastern Honduras through Panama and south west of the Andes through western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219585494","brtplu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtplu1","avibase-46979A37",null,null,"Neighborhood of Panama, error = western Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108332#page/207/mode/1up","Hypuroptila urochrysia"],["6918","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura urochrysia melanorrhoa","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.585",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras through Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF51807F",null,null,"Tucurriqui, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/681/mode/1up","Chalybura melanorrhoa"],["6919","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura urochrysia isaurae","(Gould, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of western Panama to northwestern Colombia; eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F68111EC",null,null,"'The Bocca del Toro in Costa Rica' i.e. Bocas del Toro, Panamd",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/273/mode/1up","Hypuroptila isaurae"],["6920","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura urochrysia urochrysia","(Gould, 1861)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt22 pl.7,text",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Panama to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9B994F5",null,null,"Neighborhood of Panama, error = western Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108332#page/207/mode/1up","Hypuroptila urochrysia"],["6921","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura buffonii","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.31 pl.5","White-vented Plumeleteer","White-vented Plumeleteer","White-vented Plumeleteer","2025-0306","Taxon <em>intermedia </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chalybura buffonii</em> based on similarities in plumage, especially tail color. Sometimes placed in <em>C. urochrysia</em> (as advocated by Schuchmann 1999) based on soft part colors, these are more variable than previously documented. Vocalizations of <em>intermedia </em>may differ from those of both species; further research warranted.","humid to dry forest in the lowlands from central Panama eastward to northwestern Colombia and southward in the Pacific lowlands to northern Cauca and Nariño, north of the Río Patía ; in northwestern Colombia in the foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perijá, southward in interior Colombia in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to the headwaters in Cauca and Huila); in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), in the foothills of the Andes of western Venezuela southward to northeastern Colombia (southward to Meta, including the Macarena mountains), and isolated in the Andean foothills of southwestern Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219586279","whvplu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whvplu1","avibase-B9AD5428",null,null,"Brazil; error = Bogotá region of Colombia by designation of Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78A, 1912, Heft 5, p. 140.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109361#page/43/mode/1up","Trochilus buffonii"],["6922","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura buffonii micans","Bangs & Barbour, 1922","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.6 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama to Pacific slope of northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1C25837",null,null,"Mt. Sapo, eastern Panama.","Birds from Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/222/mode/1up","Chalybura buffoni micans"],["6923","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura buffonii buffonii","(Lesson, 1832)","Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-Mouches, suivis d'un Index Général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre Trochilus p.31 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Colombia (Magdalena Valley) and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD89322F",null,null,"Brazil; error = Bogotá region of Colombia by designation of Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78A, 1912, Heft 5, p. 140.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109361#page/43/mode/1up","Trochilus buffonii"],["6924","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura buffonii aeneicauda","Lawrence, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Santa Marta region) and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C24AB576",null,null,"Venezuela; San Esteban, Puerto Caballo, designated as type locality by Phelps and Phelps","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Paridae, Vireonidae, Tyrannidae and Trochilidae, with a note on Myiarchus Panamensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/46/mode/1up","Chalybura aeneicauda"],["6925","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura buffonii caeruleogaster","(Gould, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.175 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the central eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F8A1C3A",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/598/mode/1up","Trochilus (Glaucis?) caeruleogaster"],["6926","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chalybura buffonii intermedia","Hartert & Hartert, 1894","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,"2025-0306","Taxon <em>intermedia </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chalybura buffonii</em> based on similarities in plumage, especially tail color. Sometimes placed in <em>C. urochrysia</em> (as advocated by Schuchmann 1999) based on soft part colors, these are more variable than previously documented. Vocalizations of <em>intermedia </em>may differ from those of both species; further research warranted.","subtropical southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45ADBE75",null,null,"Between Pogio and Santa Rosa, western Ecuador.","On a collection of Humming-birds from Ecuador and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/64/mode/1up","Chalybura intermedia"],["6927","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus furcatus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 21).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/29/mode/1up","Thalurania"],["6928","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania glaucopis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.497","Violet-capped Woodnymph","Violet-capped Woodnymph","Violet-capped Woodnymph",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687405","vicwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vicwoo2","avibase-F83FDFF6",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/509/mode/1up","Trochilus glaucopis"],["6929","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania watertonii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.44","Long-tailed Woodnymph","Long-tailed Woodnymph","Long-tailed Woodnymph",null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (eastern Pará to Pernambuco and Bahia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687402","lotwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotwoo2","avibase-56FF9424",null,null,"Mibiri Creek, 40 miles from Essequibo","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/546/mode/1up","Trochilus Watertonii"],["6930","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.2","Crowned Woodnymph","Crowned Woodnymph","Crowned Woodnymph",null,null,"humid forest and borders in the Gulf of Mexico lowlands from eastern Guatemala and southern Belize southward across Central America to Panama, in the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica eastward to the Azuero Peninsula, and in eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, in northern Colombia and western Venezuela, foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of Venezuela southward in the foothills of the central and eastern Andes in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Huila and Cauca), and west of the Andes in western Colombia southward to far northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726696","crowoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crowoo1","avibase-EE7180C8",null,null,"Colombia; San Agustín, Magdalena Valley, Colombia, suggested by Griscom, supra, p. 335.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/10/mode/1up","Ornismya colombica"],["6931","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica townsendi","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.590",null,null,null,null,null,"Belize and eastern Guatemala to southeastern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA4C60B4",null,null,"Segovia River, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/604/mode/1up","Thalurania townsendi"],["6932","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica venusta","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nicaragua to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E98E5047",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/225/mode/1up","Trochilus (Thalurania) venusta"],["6933","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica colombica","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF94A4E",null,null,"Colombia; San Agustín, Magdalena Valley, Colombia, suggested by Griscom, supra, p. 335.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/10/mode/1up","Ornismya colombica"],["6934","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica rostrifera","Phelps & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (southwestern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECCD41E9",null,null,"Cerro El Teteo, Burgua, Estado Táchira, Venezuela, 850 m","Three new birds from Cerro El Teteo, Venezuela, and extensions of ranges to Venezuela and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/352/mode/1up","Thalurania furcata rostrifera"],["6935","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica fannyae","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52C172B3",null,null,"Río Dagua, near Buenaventura, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/324/mode/1up","Trochilus Fannyi"],["6936","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica subtropicalis","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Colombia (Cauca Valley and adjacent western and central Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F39072DB",null,null,"Cali, 5000 feet, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/433/mode/1up","Thalurania colombica subtropicalis"],["6937","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica verticeps","(Gould, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.79, pl.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Andes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4755E2CE",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/323/mode/1up","Trochilus (Thalurania) verticeps"],["6938","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania colombica hypochlora","Gould, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.804",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Ecuador to far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36949EC5",null,null,"Citado, Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of two new species of Humming-birds from Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/926/mode/1up","Thalurania hypochlora"],["6939","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.486","Fork-tailed Woodnymph","Fork-tailed Woodnymph","Fork-tailed Woodnymph",null,null,"varied habitats of forest and edge in lowlands and foothills of South America east of the Andes, southward to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687399","fotwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fotwoo1","avibase-EB8F11B5",null,null,"Jamaica, Brazil and Cayenne = Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/498/mode/1up","Trochilus furcatus"],["6940","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata refulgens","Gould, 1853","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.20, no.238 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula and Sierra de Cumaná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CA3ED5B",null,null,"Type locality unknown.","On the Genus Thalurania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/389/mode/1up","Thalurania refulgens"],["6941","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata furcata","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River in northern Pará and Amapá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FB54270",null,null,"Jamaica, Brazil and Cayenne = Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/498/mode/1up","Trochilus furcatus"],["6942","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata fissilis","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela, adjacent far western Guyana, and Roraima (north-central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9911AD1F",null,null,"Caura River, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/107/mode/1up","Thalurania furcata fissilis"],["6943","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata orenocensis","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.4 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (upper Orinoco basin in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9EF881F",null,null,"Nericagua, upper Orinoco River, Venezuela.","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/44/mode/1up","Thalurania furcata orenocensis"],["6944","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata nigrofasciata","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to far southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (upper Orinoco region in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C7712C7",null,null,"Rio Negro, Brazil.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/457/mode/1up","Trochilus (?) nigrofasciata"],["6945","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata viridipectus","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.180 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes and lowlands of eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5FF6439",null,null,"Columbian Andes","Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae. (continued from Part XV).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/29/mode/1up","Thalurania viridipectus"],["6946","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata jelskii","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA889572",null,null,"Soriano, Chanchamayo Valley, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/206/mode/1up","Thalurania jelskii"],["6947","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata simoni","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonia south of the Amazon River in far eastern Peru, and western Brazil south of the Amazon River and west of the Rio Tefé",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CED9499",null,null,"Teffe, Rio Solimões, Brazil","On new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/432/mode/1up","Thalurania simoni"],["6948","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata balzani","Simon, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.3 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil south of the Amazon River and eastward to the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AD9E488",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de la famille des Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/295/mode/1up","Thalurania balzani"],["6949","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata furcatoides","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazon region of eastern Brazil south of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41DC7799",null,null,"Pari and the lower Amazon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/93/mode/1up","Thalurania furcatoides"],["6950","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata boliviana","Boucard, 1894","The Humming Bird 4, pt.1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills and adjacent lowlands of southeastern Peru and northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FB9A577",null,null,"Bolivia.","Genera of Humming Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128084#page/173/mode/1up","Thalurania boliviana"],["6951","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata baeri","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and central Brazil to southeastern Bolivia and Jujuy (far northwestern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-628CAF82",null,null,"Goyaz, Goyaz [=Goiás], Brazil.","Exhibition of a new Humming-bird (Thalurania eriphile baeri) from Central Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/53/mode/1up","Thalurania eriphile baeri"],["6952","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thalurania furcata eriphile","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.148 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil, adjacent Paraguay, and Misiones (northeastern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FBB7096",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/266/mode/1up","Ornismya eriphile"],["6953","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microchera","Gould, 1858","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds 2, pt16 pl.12,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Mellisuga albocoronata [Lawrence, 1855]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Microchera"],["6954","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microchera albocoronata","(Lawrence, 1855)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.137, pl.4","Snowcap","Snowcap","Snowcap",null,null,"humid forest edge in hills on Caribbean slope of southern Honduras to western Panama, with post-breeding movement to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687649","snowca1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snowca1","avibase-B99E16AF",null,null,"Belen, Veragua, Panamá","Description of a new species of humming-bird of the genus Mellisuga Brisson, with a note on Trochilus aquila Bourcier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/151/mode/1up","Mellisuga albo-coronata"],["6955","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microchera albocoronata parvirostris","(Lawrence, 1865)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southern Honduras to southern Costa Rica and (?) Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86DA8676",null,null,"Angostura, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Paridae, Vireonidae, Tyrannidae and Trochilidae, with a note on Myiarchus Panamensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/47/mode/1up","Panychlora parvirostris"],["6956","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microchera albocoronata albocoronata","(Lawrence, 1855)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.137, pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic and Pacific slopes of west-central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-303A6027",null,null,"Belen, Veragua, Panamá","Description of a new species of humming-bird of the genus Mellisuga Brisson, with a note on Trochilus aquila Bourcier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/151/mode/1up","Mellisuga albo-coronata"],["6957","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microchera chionura","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.162","White-tailed Emerald","White-tailed Emerald","White-tailed Emerald",null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687643","whteme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whteme1","avibase-DE53A419",null,null,"David, 2000-3000 feet, Chiriquí, Panamá","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/222/mode/1up","Trochilus (Thaumatias?) chionura"],["6958","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Microchera cupreiceps","(Lawrence, 1866)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.348","Coppery-headed Emerald","Coppery-headed Emerald","Coppery-headed Emerald",null,null,"highlands of northern and central Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687646","coheme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coheme1","avibase-8C7E0086",null,null,"Barranca, Costa Rica.","Characters of seven new species of birds from Central and South America, with a note on Thamatias chionurus Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/368/mode/1up","Eupherusa cupreiceps"],["6959","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Goldmania","Nelson, 1911","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.21 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Goldmania violiceps [Nelson, 1911]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Description of a new genus and species of Hummingbird from Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/499/mode/1up","Goldmania"],["6960","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Goldmania violiceps","Nelson, 1911","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.21 p.1","Violet-capped Hummingbird","Violet-capped Hummingbird","Violet-capped Hummingbird",null,null,"highlands of eastern Panama and far northwestern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687461","vichum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vichum1","avibase-2CF120F2",null,null,"Cerro Azul, 3000 feet, northwest of Chepo, Panamd.","Description of a new genus and species of Hummingbird from Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/499/mode/1up","Goldmania violiceps"],["6961","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Goldmania bella","(Nelson, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.7","Pirre Hummingbird","Pirre Hummingbird","Pirre Hummingbird",null,null,"highlands of eastern Panama (Darién) and far northwestern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687464","ruchum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruchum1","avibase-1AA6F28B",null,null,"Cana, 2000 feet, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/49/mode/1up","Goethalsia bella"],["6962","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa","Gould, 1857","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt14 pl.12,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya eximia [DeLattre, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Eupherusa"],["6963","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa ridgwayi","(Nelson, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.262","Mexican Woodnymph","Mexican Woodnymph","Mexican Woodnymph",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Mexico (southern Nayarit, Jalisco, and Guerrero)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687383","mexwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexwoo1","avibase-E5800BE4",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Thalurania ridgwayi"],["6964","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa poliocerca","Elliot, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.46 p.266","White-tailed Hummingbird","White-tailed Hummingbird","White-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"southern Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur from Guerrero to western Oaxaca)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687627","whthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthum1","avibase-A972DFB2",null,null,"Putla, Oaxaca.","XXXII. Descriptions of two new Species of Humming-birds belonging to the Genera Eupherusa and Cyanomyia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/280/mode/1up","Eupherusa poliocerca"],["6965","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa cyanophrys","Rowley & Orr, 1964","The Condor 66, no.2 p.82","Oaxaca Hummingbird","Blue-capped Hummingbird","Oaxaca Hummingbird",null,null,"southern Mexico (Sierra de Miahuatlán of Oaxaca)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687635","blchum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blchum2","avibase-F6C75582",null,null,"11 miles south of Juchatengo, 4700 ft., Oaxaca","A new hummingbird from southern Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol66/iss2/1/","Eupherusa cyanophrys"],["6966","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa nigriventris","Lawrence, 1868","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.232","Black-bellied Hummingbird","Black-bellied Hummingbird","Black-bellied Hummingbird",null,null,"montane forest of central Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687640","blbhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbhum1","avibase-7369E5C3",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Descriptions of five new species of Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/244/mode/1up","Eupherusa nigriventris"],["6967","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa eximia","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1069","Stripe-tailed Hummingbird","Stripe-tailed Hummingbird","Stripe-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"forest and edge in hills and mountains from central Veracruz to northern Nicaragua and disjunctly northwestern Costa Rica and central Panama; some non-breeding movement to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687632","stthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stthum1","avibase-67E2FF53",null,null,"Coban, Guatemala.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou peu connus, découverts au Guatimala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya eximia"],["6968","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa eximia nelsoni","Ridgway, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"humid rainforest of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A798534",null,null,"Motzorongo, Vera Cruz.","Diagnoses of new forms of Micropodidae and Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/76/mode/1up","Eupherusa eximia nelsoni"],["6969","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa eximia eximia","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1069",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Belize and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEDB3937",null,null,"Coban, Guatemala.","Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou peu connus, découverts au Guatimala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya eximia"],["6970","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupherusa eximia egregia","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06D6D1C3",null,null,"Castello and Calovevora, Panama.","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/483/mode/1up","Eupherusa egregia"],["6971","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Leucippus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus fallax [Bourcier, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 21).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/131/mode/1up","Leucippus"],["6972","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Leucippus fallax","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.103","Buffy Hummingbird","Buffy Hummingbird","Buffy Hummingbird",null,null,"coastal northeastern Colombia, and coastal Venezuela including islas La Tortuga and Margarita",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687491","bufhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufhum1","avibase-ACCC88A9",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/111/mode/1up","Trochilus fallax"],["6973","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa","Gould, 1861","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus cuvierii [DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1879, Classif. Syn. Trochilidae, p. 23).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/70/mode/1up","Phaeochroa"],["6974","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa cuvierii","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.310","Scaly-breasted Hummingbird","Scaly-breasted Hummingbird","Scaly-breasted Sabrewing",null,null,"drier forest and edge of lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope from eastern Chiapas (far southeastern Mexico) through southern Belize to southern Nicaragua, thence both slopes of Costa Rica to eastern Panama, and disjunctly northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687041","scbhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbhum1","avibase-058A126E",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama and Telemdn, Central America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/324/mode/1up","Trochilus Cuvierii"],["6975","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa cuvierii roberti","(Salvin, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, and northeastern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D73D46A4",null,null,"Tierra caliente of Vera Paz.","Descriptions of Three New Species of Birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/277/mode/1up","Aphantochora roberti"],["6976","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa cuvierii maculicauda","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0469E52A",null,null,"Bolsón, Costa Rica.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/428/mode/1up","Phaeochroa cuvierii maculicauda"],["6977","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa cuvierii furvescens","Wetmore, 1967","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C86F159",null,null,"Zapotillo, 30 km west of Soma, Veraguas, Panama","Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107570#page/270/mode/1up","Phaeochroa cuvierii furvescens"],["6978","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa cuvierii saturatior","(Hartert, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBF1E6DB",null,null,"Coiba Island, Panama.","[Descriptions of four new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/291/mode/1up","Aphantochroa cuvieri saturatior"],["6979","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa cuvierii cuvierii","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40EC36F1",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama and Telemdn, Central America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/324/mode/1up","Trochilus Cuvierii"],["6980","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Phaeochroa cuvierii berlepschi","Hellmayr, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia (Cartagena to Barranquilla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A68BBFB",null,null,"Barranquilla, Colombia.","Neue Formen aus dem neotropischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/264/mode/1up","Phaeochroa cuvierii berlepschi"],["6981","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thaumasius","Sclater, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.1 p.146.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thaumasius taczanowskii [Sclater]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/202/mode/1up","Thaumasius"],["6982","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thaumasius taczanowskii","Sclater, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.1 p.146","Spot-throated Hummingbird","Spot-throated Hummingbird","Spot-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"northern Peru (west slope of western Andes, and middle and upper Marañón Valley) and far southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687497","spthum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spthum2","avibase-F09720C2",null,null,"Guajungo, Cajamarca, Peru.","Description of a new Species of Humming-bird from Guajango in Northern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/202/mode/1up","Thaumasius taczanowskii"],["6983","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Thaumasius baeri","(Simon, 1901)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 11 p.202","Tumbes Hummingbird","Tumbes Hummingbird","Tumbes Hummingbird",null,null,"arid littoral of far southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687494","tumhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tumhum1","avibase-ECDD6FE6",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.","Descriptions de trois espèces nouvelles de la famille des Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81337#page/242/mode/1up","Leucippus Baeri"],["6984","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Taphrospilus","Simon, 1910","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 1 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aphantochroa hyposticta [Gould, 1862]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/335/mode/1up","Taphrospilus"],["6985","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Taphrospilus hypostictus","(Gould, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.124","Many-spotted Hummingbird","Many-spotted Hummingbird","Many-spotted Hummingbird",null,null,"east slope of the Andes from Ecuador to southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687503","mashum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mashum1","avibase-FBF86EEA",null,null,"Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of two new species of Humming-birds from Ecuador, a species of Fregilus from the Himalayas, and a new species of Prion].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/154/mode/1up","Aphantochroa hyposticta"],["6986","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena","Gould, 1853","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt6 pl.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus macrourus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Eupetomena"],["6987","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena cirrochloris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.430","Sombre Hummingbird","Sombre Hummingbird","Sombre Hummingbird",null,null,"forest and scrub of eastern and central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687658","somhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somhum1","avibase-881147F1",null,null,"Brazil = Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/444/mode/1up","Trochilus cirrochloris"],["6988","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena macroura","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.487","Swallow-tailed Hummingbird","Swallow-tailed Hummingbird","Swallow-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"open savanna, Caatinga, campos rupestres, humid to semi-humid and gallery forest in southern Suriname and northeastern Brazil, and from northeastern Brazil, in northern Maranhão southward across interior Brazil and the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil to southern Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Uruguay, northeasternmost Argentina (Misiones and adjacent Corrientes), northern and eastern Paraguay, and westward across southern Brazil (to western Mato Grosso, eastern Rondônia and southern Amazonas), also in northern Bolivia west to Pampas del Heath in far southeastern Peru, and to the upper Río Urubamba Valley in Cusco, Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687094","swthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swthum1","avibase-BEB1ADD2",null,null,"Jamaica, error, Cayenne designated as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 387.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/499/mode/1up","Trochilus macrourus"],["6989","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena macroura macroura","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas to north, central, and southeastern Brazil, and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FCF8974",null,null,"Jamaica, error, Cayenne designated as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 387.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/499/mode/1up","Trochilus macrourus"],["6990","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena macroura simoni","Hellmayr, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.18 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (southern Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará to Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7E88792",null,null,"Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, Bahia, Brazil","A contribution to the ornithology of north-eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30791#page/160/mode/1up","Eupetomena macroura simoni"],["6991","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena macroura cyanoviridis","Grantsau, 1988","Os beija-flores do Brasil p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Serra do Mar in southern São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D90C717",null,null,"Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brasil",null,null,"Eupetomena macroura cyanoviridis"],["6992","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena macroura hirundo","Gould, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.16, no.95 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Huiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3722641",null,null,"Huiro, 4800 feet, Valley of Santa Ana, Peru.","LI. On a new Species of the Genus Eupetomena.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81071#page/388/mode/1up","Eupetomena hirundo"],["6993","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Eupetomena macroura boliviana","Zimmer, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1450 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of northwestern Bolivia (Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB04476A",null,null,"Reyes, Department of Beni, Bolivia","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 56, The genera Eutoxeres, Campylopterus, Eupetomena, and Florisuga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4327/","Eupetomena macroura boliviana"],["6994","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Talaphorus","Mulsant & Verreaux, 1874","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches ou colibris, constituant la famille des Trochilidés 1, livr.4 p.257.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leucippus chlorocercus [Gould]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123184#page/317/mode/1up","Talaphorus"],["6995","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Talaphorus chlorocercus","(Gould, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.194","Olive-spotted Hummingbird","Olive-spotted Hummingbird","Olive-spotted Hummingbird",null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687500","olshum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olshum1","avibase-ACC50DCF",null,null,"Upper Ucayali River, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/252/mode/1up","Leucippus chlorocercus"],["6996","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Trochilus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus polytmus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 14).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/137/mode/1up","Trochilus"],["6997","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Trochilus polytmus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.120","Red-billed Streamertail","Red-billed Streamertail","Red-billed Streamertail","2025-0284","Taxon <em>scitulus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Trochilus polytmus</em> (monotypic) based on differences in bill color, and the presence of a narrow and stable hybrid zone between them (Gill et al. 1973; Graves 2015). Genomic data separate these recently diverged taxa (McCormack et al. 2012; Judy 2018) but mitochondrial DNA differences are negligible (McGuire et al. 2014; Abrahamczyk et al. 2015).","Jamaica (except the far east)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687469","stream2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stream2","avibase-07E19970",null,null,"America, = Jamaica, ex Brown.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/138/mode/1up","Trochilus Polytmus"],["6998","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Trochilus scitulus","(Brewster & Bangs, 1901)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.49","Black-billed Streamertail","Black-billed Streamertail","Black-billed Streamertail","2025-0284","Taxon <em>scitulus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Trochilus polytmus</em> (monotypic) based on differences in bill color, and the presence of a narrow and stable hybrid zone between them (Gill et al. 1973; Graves 2015). Genomic data separate these recently diverged taxa (McCormack et al. 2012; Judy 2018) but mitochondrial DNA differences are negligible (McGuire et al. 2014; Abrahamczyk et al. 2015).","far eastern Jamaica (east of the Río Grande Valley and the Morant River Valley, and the easternmost Blue Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687474","stream3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stream3","avibase-7D8643AF",null,null,"Priestman's River, Portland Parish, Jamaica.","On an overlooked species of Aithurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/85/mode/1up","Aithurus scitulus"],["6999","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia","Stiles & Bruce, 2021","Zootaxa 4950 p.379.",null,null,null,"2025-1221","<em>Ramosomyia </em>replaces <em>Leucolia </em>following Bruce &amp; Stiles (2021) who showed the latter name to be a junior synonym of <em>Leucippus </em>and therefore unavailable.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cyanomyia viridifrons Elliot; Type, by original designation",null,"The generic nomenclature of the emeralds, Trochilini (Apodiformes: Trochilidae): two replacement generic names required",null,"Ramosomyia"],["7000","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia violiceps","(Gould, 1859)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.4, no.20 p.97","Violet-crowned Hummingbird","Violet-crowned Hummingbird","Violet-crowned Hummingbird",null,null,"drier woodland and riparian areas of lowlands to hills from southeastern Arizona (southwestern USA) through Pacific slope of Mexico to southern Oaxaca and eastward to Puebla",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687624","vichum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vichum","avibase-824C89C3",null,null,"Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.","X. Descriptions of four new Species of Humming-birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19633#page/109/mode/1up","Cyanomyia violiceps"],["7001","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia violiceps ellioti","(Berlepsch, 1889)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.755 p.562",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid southwestern USA to western Mexico (Jalisco and Guanajuato)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-702B85D6",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/700/mode/1up","Uranomitra ellioti"],["7002","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia violiceps violiceps","(Gould, 1859)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.4, no.20 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7F447D1",null,null,"Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.","X. Descriptions of four new Species of Humming-birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19633#page/109/mode/1up","Cyanomyia violiceps"],["7003","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia viridifrons","(Elliot, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.46 p.267","Green-fronted Hummingbird","Green-fronted Hummingbird",null,"2025-0301","Taxon <em>wagneri</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ramosomyia viridifrons </em>based on similarities in voice (Howell &amp; Webb 1995) and genetics (Rodríguez-Gómez &amp; Ornelas 2015, 2018). Additionally, subspecies <em>villadai </em>appears to be more differentiated than <em>wagneri</em>; further research on species limits in this group is warranted.","drier woodland and edge in lowlands to hills on Pacific slope from Guerrero (south-central Mexico) to far southwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,"grfhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grfhum1","avibase-4E14B87E",null,null,"Putla, Oaxaca.","XXXII. Descriptions of two new Species of Humming-birds belonging to the Genera Eupherusa and Cyanomyia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/281/mode/1up","Cyanomyia viridifrons"],["7004","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia viridifrons viridifrons","(Elliot, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.46 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (eastern Guerrero to western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16219C14",null,null,"Putla, Oaxaca.","XXXII. Descriptions of two new Species of Humming-birds belonging to the Genera Eupherusa and Cyanomyia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/281/mode/1up","Cyanomyia viridifrons"],["7005","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia viridifrons villadai","(Peterson & Navarro-Sigüenza, 2000)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 113, no.4 p.866",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (eastern Oaxaca and Chiapas) and west-central Guatemala (Huehuetenango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-105FC2E5",null,null,"Mexico, Chiapas, Arriaga, 100 m, collected 25 May 1939 by Pierce Brodkorb","A new taxon in the \" Amazilia viridifrons \" complex of southern Mexico","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110038#page/298/mode/1up","Amazilia viridifrons villadai"],["7006","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Ramosomyia viridifrons wagneri","(Phillips, 1966)","Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 25 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (central and southern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D27A0AA",null,null,"Lat. 16 01'N, Long 97 4'30\"W, Oaxaca, Mexico","Notas sistematicas sobre aves mexicanas, III.",null,"Amazilia violiceps wagneri"],["7007","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.77.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Saucerottia typica [Bonaparte]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/137/mode/1up","Saucerottia"],["7008","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanocephala","(Lesson, 1830)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.xlv","Azure-crowned Hummingbird","Azure-crowned Hummingbird","Azure-crowned Hummingbird",null,null,"drier forest and edge of lowlands to mountains on Caribbean slope from southern Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico) through southern Belize and inland to northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687577","azchum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azchum1","avibase-822E745E",null,null,"Brazil, error = Vera Cruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/51/mode/1up","Ornismya cyanocephalus"],["7009","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanocephala cyanocephala","(Lesson, 1830)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.xlv",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine woodland of southeastern Mexico to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4BD7088",null,null,"Brazil, error = Vera Cruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/51/mode/1up","Ornismya cyanocephalus"],["7010","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanocephala chlorostephana","(Howell, 1965)","The Auk 82, no.3 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"Mosquito Coast of eastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9297D873",null,null,"15 kilometers SSW of Waspam, elev. about 33 m, Comarca de El Cabo, Nicaragua","New subspecies of birds from the lowland pine savanna of northeastern Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol82/iss3/5/","Amazilia cyanocephala chlorostephana"],["7011","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia hoffmanni","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.38","Blue-vented Hummingbird","Blue-vented Hummingbird",null,"2025-0295","Taxon <em>hoffmanni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Saucerottia saucerottei</em> (polytypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (McGuire et al. 2014) did not recover <em>S. saucerottei sensu lato</em> as monophyletic, a pattern consistent with reports that <em>saucerottei </em>and <em>hoffmanni </em>differ strikingly in voice and behavior (Stiles &amp; Skutch 1989). Further research is needed to determine if <em>hoffmanni </em>is conspecific with <em>S. beryllina </em>or <em>S. cyanura </em>(see Jiménez &amp; Ornelas 2016).","semiarid western Nicaragua to central Costa Rica",null,null,null,"buvhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buvhum1","avibase-0595E528",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/46/mode/1up","Hemithylaca Hoffmanni"],["7012","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanura","(Gould, 1859)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt18 pl.12,text","Blue-tailed Hummingbird","Blue-tailed Hummingbird","Blue-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"open woodland and edge of lowlands to hills mostly on Pacific slope from eastern Chiapas to southern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687587","blthum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blthum1","avibase-33C0BBAE",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108806#page/137/mode/1up","Amazilia cyanura"],["7013","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanura guatemalae","(Dearborn, 1907)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.3 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (southeastern Chiapas) to southern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-099FC601",null,null,"Mazatenango, Dept. Suchitepequez, Guatemala.","Catalogue of a collection of birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20399#page/39/mode/1up","Saucerottea cyanura gautemalae"],["7014","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanura cyanura","(Gould, 1859)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt18 pl.12,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Honduras to eastern El Salvador and northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DD5B6FD",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108806#page/137/mode/1up","Amazilia cyanura"],["7015","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanura impatiens","(Bangs, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and central Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05B2187A",null,null,"San Pedro, Costa Rica.","Notes on birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, with descriptions of new forms and new records for Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/140/mode/1up","Saucerottea cyanura impatiens"],["7016","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia beryllina","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1","Berylline Hummingbird","Berylline Hummingbird","Berylline Hummingbird",null,null,"drier forest and woodland of lowlands and hills from southeastern Arizona (southwestern USA) through Pacific slope of Mexico and inland to central Veracruz southward through southern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687583","berhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/berhum","avibase-EDCAC4EA",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Trochilus beryllinus"],["7017","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia beryllina viola","(Miller, 1905)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21, art.22 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine woods of northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FE3DA97",null,null,"Jalpa, 3000 feet, Sinaloa.","List of birds collected in Southern Sinaloa, Mexico, by J. H. Batty, during 1903-1904.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/941","Amizilis beryllina viola"],["7018","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia beryllina beryllina","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Mexico (Veracruz to central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-715EC24A",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Trochilus beryllinus"],["7019","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia beryllina lichtensteini","(Moore, 1950)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"montane slopes of southern Mexico (western Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B129706",null,null,"Cerro Brujo, Ocozocuautla, Chiapas, Mexico","A new race of the species, Amazilia beryllina, from southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/296/mode/1up","Amazilia beryllina lichtensteini"],["7020","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia beryllina sumichrasti","(Salvin, 1891)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of southern Mexico (central and southern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95CD0903",null,null,"Tehuantepec, Southern Mexico","XL. Descriptions of new Species of Upupae and Trochili in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/404/mode/1up","Amazilia Sumichrasti"],["7021","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia beryllina devillei","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Guatemala to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3CFDF14",null,null,"Guatemala, restricted to Alotenango, western watershed at 4000 feet, by Carriker and deSchauensee","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/284/mode/1up","Trochilus Devillei"],["7022","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia edward","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.308","Snowy-bellied Hummingbird","Snowy-bellied Hummingbird","Snowy-bellied Hummingbird",null,null,"forest to semi-open areas in lowlands and hills mostly on the Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and northwestern Panama east through Panama (including satellite islands) to adjacent far northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687599","snbhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snbhum1","avibase-A5F5E555",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/322/mode/1up","Trochilus Edward"],["7023","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia edward niveoventer","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (including Coiba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C05E785",null,null,"David, Panama.","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/226/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) niveoventer"],["7024","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia edward edward","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical Panama (Canal Zone to western Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E68DF081",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/322/mode/1up","Trochilus Edward"],["7025","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia edward collata","(Wetmore, 1952)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 121, no.2 p.17-18",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4134812",null,null,"head of Río Anton, 1900 feet elev., near El Valle de Anton, Cochlé, Panama","The birds of the islands of Taboga, Taboguilla and Uravá, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86742#page/123/mode/1up","Amazilia edward collata"],["7026","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia edward margaritarum","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.282 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama, including Taboga and nearby islands and Pearl islands (Gulf of Panama,) to southwestern Darién and adjacent far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-867CFFE8",null,null,"Pedro Gonzales Island, Pearl Islands.","An ornithological reconnaissance in eastern Panama in 1927.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4116/","Saucerottia edwardi margaritarum"],["7027","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cyanifrons","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.100","Indigo-capped Hummingbird","Indigo-capped Hummingbird","Indigo-capped Hummingbird",null,null,"lowlands and foothills of northern and central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/119194033","inchum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inchum1","avibase-E9468157",null,null,"Ibague, Colombia.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/108/mode/1up","Trochilus cyanifrons"],["7028","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia saucerottei","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.311","Steely-vented Hummingbird","Steely-vented Hummingbird",null,"2025-0295","Taxon <em>hoffmanni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Saucerottia saucerottei</em> (polytypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (McGuire et al. 2014) did not recover <em>S. saucerottei sensu lato</em> as monophyletic, a pattern consistent with reports that <em>saucerottei </em>and <em>hoffmanni </em>differ strikingly in voice and behavior (Stiles &amp; Skutch 1989). Further research is needed to determine if <em>hoffmanni </em>is conspecific with <em>S. beryllina </em>or <em>S. cyanura </em>(see Jiménez &amp; Ornelas 2016).","arid scrub and forest borders, savanna, and open habitats from northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward in the Magdalena Valley to its headwaters (Huila), and southward in the Cauca Valley to southwestern Colombia (Río Patía Valley)",null,null,null,"stvhum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stvhum2","avibase-D51213D3",null,null,"Cali, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/325/mode/1up","Trochilus Saucerrottei"],["7029","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia saucerottei warscewiczi","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 3 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024F693C",null,null,"Veragua, error = lower Magdalena Valley, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196118#page/46/mode/1up","Hemithylaca Warscewiczi"],["7030","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia saucerottei saucerottei","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (west slope of western Andes and Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6659971C",null,null,"Cali, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/325/mode/1up","Trochilus Saucerrottei"],["7031","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia saucerottei braccata","(Heine, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFD992E2",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Trochilidica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/205/mode/1up","Hemithylaca braccata"],["7032","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia castaneiventris","(Gould, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.310 p.150,151","Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird","Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird","Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird",null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of north-central Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687614","chbhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbhum1","avibase-73879DB0",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","On two New Species of Humming Birds belonging to the genus Amazilius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/190/mode/1up","Amazilius castaneiventris"],["7033","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.499","Copper-rumped Hummingbird","Copper-rumped Hummingbird","Copper-rumped Hummingbird",null,null,"humid to dry forest and scrub, savanna and clearings in northern Venezuela, including Isla Margarita and Trinidad and Tobago, southward to the Orinoco basin and the tepuis of south-central Venezuela in southern Bolívar and northern Amazonas, and westward to the Andes of western Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687593","corhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corhum1","avibase-8FBB6521",null,null,"Island of Tobago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/510/mode/1up","Trochilus Tobaci"],["7034","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci monticola","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-913D8298",null,null,"Guarico, Lara, Venezuela.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/216/mode/1up","Saucerottia tobaci monticola"],["7035","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci feliciae","(Lesson, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal ranges and arid littoral of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3BB0D4C",null,null,"District of São José Brazil, error = Venezuela.","Oiseaux-mouches rares ou nouveaux, communiqués par MM. Longuemare et Parzudaki, faisant partie du t. IV inédit de l'histoire naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches de M. Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/82/mode/1up","Ornismya Feliciae"],["7036","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci caudata","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1395 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCEB99AE",null,null,"Campos Alegre Valley, State of Sucre, Venezuela","Four new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5092/","Amazilia tobaci caudata"],["7037","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci aliciae","(Richmond, 1895)","The Auk 12, no.4 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of northeastern Venezuela including Isla Margarita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF83F171",null,null,"Margarita Island, Venezuela.","Descriptions of three new birds from the Island of Margarita, Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss4/8/","Amazilia aliciae"],["7038","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci erythronotos","(Lesson, 1829)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.181 pl.61, tab.xxxii",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E86D93AC",null,null,"Brazil, error = Trinidad, by substitution of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 84, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/38/mode/1up","Ornismya erythronotos"],["7039","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci tobaci","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6ACCD48",null,null,"Island of Tobago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/510/mode/1up","Trochilus Tobaci"],["7040","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia tobaci caurensis","(Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Venezuela (Orinoco basin to the tepuis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-636228EC",null,null,"mountains west of Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/104/mode/1up","Saucerottea erythronotos caurensis"],["7041","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia viridigaster","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.103","Green-bellied Hummingbird","Green-bellied Hummingbird","Green-bellied Hummingbird","2025-0300","Taxon <em>cupreicauda </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Saucerottia viridigaster </em>(polytypic) based on differences in plumage following Weller (2000). Genetic data would be informative.","humid forest border and scrub in the Andes of far western Venezuela southward in the eastern slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia to Meta, including the Serrania La Macarena",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61201742","grbhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbhum1","avibase-2E35624C",null,null,"Fusagasuga, Colombia.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/111/mode/1up","Trochilus viridigaster"],["7042","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia viridigaster viridigaster","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F633056B",null,null,"Fusagasuga, Colombia.","Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/111/mode/1up","Trochilus viridigaster"],["7043","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia viridigaster iodura","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEC7D91A",null,null,"Columbia [=Colombia]","Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/604/mode/1up","Saucerottia iodura"],["7044","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cupreicauda","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.452","Copper-tailed Hummingbird","Copper-tailed Hummingbird","Copper-tailed Hummingbird","2025-0300","Taxon <em>cupreicauda </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Saucerottia viridigaster </em>(polytypic) based on differences in plumage following Weller (2000). Genetic data would be informative.","tepuis of southern Venezuela, southwestern Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61201753","gnbhum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbhum2","avibase-B6547FA5",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/508/mode/1up","Amazilia cupreicauda"],["7045","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cupreicauda duidae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77F24626",null,null,"Mt. Duida, 4700 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Saucerottea cupreicauda duidae"],["7046","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cupreicauda cupreicauda","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B0B455C",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/508/mode/1up","Amazilia cupreicauda"],["7047","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cupreicauda laireti","(Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1988)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 42 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87A49D7C",null,null,"Del Cerro Tucusito, Serrania de Tapirapeco, al norte del Cerro Tamacuari, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezula, alt. 1350 m","Una nueva subespecie de aves de la familia (Trochilidae) de la Serrania Tapirapeco, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/una-nueva-subespecie-de-aves-de-la-familia-trochilidae-de-la-serrania-tapirapeco-territorio-amazonas-venezuela/","Amazilia viridigaster laireti"],["7048","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Saucerottia cupreicauda pacaraimae","Weller, 2000","Ornitología Neotropical 11, no.2 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Venezuela (Sierra de Pacaraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E37D16F",null,null,"Bolívar, Sierra de Pacaraima, Cerro Urutani, 1280 m, on March 30, 1977","A new hummingbird subspecies from southern Bolivar, Venezuela, with notes on biogeography and taxonomy of the Saucerottia viridigaster- cupreicauda species group.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol11/iss2/4/","Saucerottia cupreicauda pacaraimae"],["7049","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia","Lesson, 1843","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 8 p.253, col.757",null,null,null,"2025-0305","<em>Amazilia alfaroana </em>is not recognized as a species pending further research. Described from a single specimen and possibly of hybrid origin; genetic data are needed to determine if it is a valid species.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya cinnamomea [Lesson, 1842]; type by subsequent designation (Stone, 1918, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 256). = Ornismia rutila DeLattre, 1843",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180984#page/265/mode/1up","Amazilia"],["7050","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia luciae","(Lawrence, 1868)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.233","Honduran Emerald","Honduran Emerald","Honduran Emerald",null,null,"arid interior valleys of northern and central Honduras",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687529","honeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/honeme1","avibase-B1DACE3B",null,null,"Honduras.","Descriptions of five new species of Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/245/mode/1up","Thaumatias Luciae"],["7051","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia rutila","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1069","Cinnamon Hummingbird","Cinnamon Hummingbird","Cinnamon Hummingbird",null,null,"drier woodland of lowlands to hills on Pacific slope from northern Sinaloa southward to west-central Costa Rica, and on Caribbean slope on the Yucatan Peninsula (including Cozumel) and southward to southeastern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687603","cinhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinhum1","avibase-26A37098",null,null,"Acapulco, Mexico",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya rutila"],["7052","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia rutila diluta","Van Rossem, 1938","The Condor 40, no.5 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa and Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CDC69BA",null,null,"Santiago, Nayarit, Mexico.","A north-west race of the Cinnamon Hummingbird.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol40/iss5/9/","Amazilia rutila diluta"],["7053","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia rutila graysoni","Lawrence, 1866","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D234B031",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands, Mexico.","Descriptions of six new species of birds of the families Hirundinidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/424/mode/1up","Amazilia (Pyrrhophaena) Graysoni"],["7054","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia rutila rutila","(Delattre, 1843)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 10 no.45 col.1069",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Jalisco to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C7415FE",null,null,"Acapulco, Mexico",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/361/mode/1up","Ornismya rutila"],["7055","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia rutila corallirostris","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Costa Rica, including islas Holbox and Mujeres (off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D927BD87",null,null,"Escuintla, Guatemala.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/340/mode/1up","Trochilus Corallirostris"],["7056","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia yucatanensis","(Cabot, 1845)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 2 p.74","Buff-bellied Hummingbird","Buff-bellied Hummingbird","Buff-bellied Hummingbird",null,null,"scrub, edge, and gardens of lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope from southern Texas to Yucatan Peninsula (except Cozumel) southward to central Belize",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687606","bubhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubhum","avibase-76D9954B",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37031#page/82/mode/1up","Trochilus yucatanensis"],["7057","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia yucatanensis chalconota","Oberholser, 1898","The Auk 15, no.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (lower Río Grande Valley) to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D32B84D",null,null,"'Beeville' = Brownsville, Texas.","Description of a new Amazilia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss1/7/","Amazilia cerviniventris chalconota"],["7058","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia yucatanensis cerviniventris","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.310 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52850677",null,null,"Córdoba, Vera Cruz.","On two New Species of Humming Birds belonging to the genus Amazilius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/190/mode/1up","Amazilius cerviniventris"],["7059","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia yucatanensis yucatanensis","(Cabot, 1845)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 2 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula, Petén of northern Guatemala, and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B27B006",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37031#page/82/mode/1up","Trochilus yucatanensis"],["7060","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia tzacatl","(de la Llave, 1833)","Registro Trimestre 2 no.5 p.48","Rufous-tailed Hummingbird","Rufous-tailed Hummingbird","Rufous-tailed Hummingbird",null,null,"humid to dry forest and scrub from eastern Mexico (from southern Veracruz, including interior Yucatan Peninsula) southward along the Gulf of Mexico slope to eastern Panama, and the Pacific slope from far eastern Nicaragua to Panama, the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela (except the Guajira Peninsula), southward to the headwaters of the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, west of the Andes southward along Pacific Colombia to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730168","rtlhum","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtlhum","avibase-7739D5A5",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50901#page/592/mode/1up","Trochilus Tzacatl"],["7061","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia tzacatl tzacatl","(de la Llave, 1833)","Registro Trimestre 2 no.5 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas) to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44406F1A",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50901#page/592/mode/1up","Trochilus Tzacatl"],["7062","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia tzacatl handleyi","Wetmore, 1963","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145, no.6 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Escudo de Veraguas (off Caribbean coast of northwestern Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3BBECE9",null,null,"Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama","Additions to records of birds known from the Republic of Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109667#page/571/mode/1up","Amazilia handleyi"],["7063","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia tzacatl fuscicaudata","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western Colombia to western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C418F06",null,null,"Chachapayas, Peru","Characters of new species of humming-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/739/mode/1up","Trochilus fuscicaudatus"],["7064","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia tzacatl brehmi","Weller & Schuchmann, 1999","Journal für Ornithologie 140, no.4 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-146DE893",null,null,"Ricaurte, Nariño, Colombia, 01°13'N, 77°59'W, 3900 ft.; collected in forest by Kjell yon Sneidern, 3 April, 1941.","Geographical variation in the southern distributional range of the Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl De la Llave, 1832: a new subspecies from Nariño, southwestern Colombia.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226025982","Amazilia tzacatl brehmi"],["7065","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilia tzacatl jucunda","(Heine, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador; Isla Gorgona (off western Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DEE977B",null,null,"Babahoyo and Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Trochilidica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/200/mode/1up","Eranna jucunda"],["7066","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya amazili [Lesson, RP, 1829] (= Orthorhynchus amazilia Lesson & Garnot, 1827)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/35/mode/1up","Amazilis"],["7067","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis amazilia","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 pl.31, fig.3, p.683","Amazilia Hummingbird","Amazilia Hummingbird","Amazilia Hummingbird",null,null,"arid forest and scrub in the lowlands of western Ecuador southward in western Peru (to Ica); also in the dry Andean valleys of southern Ecuador, and northern and southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687618","amahum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amahum1","avibase-62AFA922",null,null,"Environs of Lima, i.e. Callao, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/73/mode/1up","Orthorhynchus Amazilia"],["7068","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis amazilia alticola","(Gould, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B14CEC3",null,null,"Puna district of Peru.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/391/mode/1up","Amazilia alticola"],["7069","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis amazilia azuay","(Krabbe & Ridgely, 2010)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 130 p.3 [3-7]",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of southwestern Ecuador (Río Jubones drainage in Azuay and adjacent northern Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EF459E8",null,null,"on a semi-humid bushy slope in the Yunguilla Valley, Azuay Province, Ecuador, at 03°14’S, 79°17’W, elevation 1,650 m, on 4 March 2002 by N. Krabbe","A new subspecies of Amazilia Hummingbird Amazilia amazilia from southern Ecuador","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182902#page/7/mode/1up","Amazilia amazilia azuay"],["7070","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis amazilia dumerilii","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.172 pl.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Ecuador to Tumbes, far northwestern Peru; east slope in Zamora Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-828A1BE6",null,null,"Northern provinces of Chile, error = western Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/312/mode/1up","Ornismya dumerilii"],["7071","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis amazilia leucophoea","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of northwestern to north-central Peru, from Tumbes to northern Lima",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FC4FA3D",null,null,"Volcano of Arequipa, Peru.","Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/620/mode/1up","Amazilia leucophoea"],["7072","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis amazilia amazilia","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 pl.31, fig.3, p.683",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of west-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0B01940",null,null,"Environs of Lima, i.e. Callao, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/73/mode/1up","Orthorhynchus Amazilia"],["7073","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Amazilis amazilia caeruleigularis","(Carriker, 1933)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of southwestern Peru (Nazca Valley in Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D14596EB",null,null,"Nazca, 800 feet, Dept. Ica, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Amazilia caeruleigularis"],["7074","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Uranomitra","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus Franciae [Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846]",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/606/mode/1up","Uranomitra"],["7075","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Uranomitra franciae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.324","Andean Emerald","Andean Emerald","Andean Emerald",null,null,"humid to semi-humid montane forest in the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia, including Serrania de San Lucas, southward to southwestern Ecuador, and from the Andes of southeastern Ecuador southward to northern Peru, to La Libertad, north and west of the Río Marañón",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687566","andeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andeme1","avibase-3FFAFC07",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/336/mode/1up","Trochilus Franciae"],["7076","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Uranomitra franciae franciae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of northwestern and central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47483933",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/336/mode/1up","Trochilus Franciae"],["7077","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Uranomitra franciae viridiceps","(Gould, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEBBCC50",null,null,"Ecuador.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/389/mode/1up","Thaumatias viridiceps"],["7078","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Uranomitra franciae cyanocollis","(Gould, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.251 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99ADA979",null,null,"Eastern slope of the Andes of Peru.","Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/93/mode/1up","Trochilus (?) cyanocollis"],["7079","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya oenone [Lesson, 1832]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 23).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/135/mode/1up","Chrysuronia"],["7080","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia versicolor","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.430","Versicolored Emerald","Versicolored Emerald","Versicolored Emerald",null,null,"open habitats of lowlands and hills of South America east of the Andes (except Amazonian Ecuador and Peru) southward through northeastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687525","vereme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vereme1","avibase-9CAB5D95",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/444/mode/1up","Trochilus versicolor"],["7081","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia versicolor millerii","(Bourcier, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.171 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia east of Andes eastward to central and southern Venezuela and southward to northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-020EBAC8",null,null,"Rio Negro, Brazil.","Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/545/mode/1up","Trochilus Millerii"],["7082","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia versicolor hollandi","(Todd, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Venezuela and southwestern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF4B0FAF",null,null,"El Dorado, Río Cuyuni, Venezuela.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/215/mode/1up","Agyrtria hollandi"],["7083","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia versicolor nitidifrons","(Gould, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pará to Ceará and Piauí (northeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-258105FD",null,null,"Locality unknown; Pará,, suggested by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 395.","Descriptions of twenty-two New Species of Humming-Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/390/mode/1up","Thaumatias nitidifrons"],["7084","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia versicolor versicolor","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"Alagoas to Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo (eastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7DE638A",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/444/mode/1up","Trochilus versicolor"],["7085","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia versicolor kubtchecki","(Ruschi, 1959)","Boletim do Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão 22 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Bolivia eastward to Goiás (south-central Brazil) to eastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DFD49A5",null,null,"Gama, near Catetinho, Goyaz [=Goiás], Brazil","A trochilifauna de Brasilia, com a descrição de um novo representante de Amazilia (Aves).",null,"Amazilia versicolor kubtchecki"],["7086","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia versicolor rondoniae","(Ruschi, 1982)","Boletim do Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão 100 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia and right bank of Rio Madeira (Rondônia, west-central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22A0880F",null,null,"Porto Velho, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil","Uma nova espécie de beija-flor do Brasil: Amazilia rondoniae n. sp. e a chave para determinar as espécies de Amazilia que ocorrem no Brasil.","http://boletim.sambio.org.br/pdf/zo_100.pdf","Amazilia rondoniae"],["7087","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia oenone","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.157 pl.30","Golden-tailed Sapphire","Golden-tailed Sapphire","Golden-tailed Sapphire",null,null,"tropical rainforest and borders in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Sucre and Monagas, including the Paría Peninsula), Sierra del Perijá, foothills of the Andes of western Venezuela to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz), and eastward in western Amazonia from Colombia, eastern Ecuador, Peru, and far western Brazil (Amazonas and Acre)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687458","gotsap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gotsap1","avibase-1E1E7878",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/287/mode/1up","Ornismya oenone"],["7088","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia oenone oenone","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.157 pl.30",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA346038",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/287/mode/1up","Ornismya oenone"],["7089","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia oenone josephinae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Amazonian Peru through central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA49E285",null,null,"No locality = upper Amazon ex Gould, Monogr. Trochil., pt. 17, 1859, text to pl. [13] = 5, pl. 326 of volume.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/284/mode/1up","Trochilus Josephinae"],["7090","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia goudoti","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.100","Shining-green Hummingbird","Shining-green Hummingbird","Shining-green Hummingbird",null,null,"humid to dry woodland, scrub, and borders in the lowlands and foothills of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in the Magdalena Valley to its headwaters (Huila)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687421","shghum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shghum1","avibase-2BE9465C",null,null,"Ybagne [sic], Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/108/mode/1up","Trochilus Goudoti"],["7091","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia goudoti luminosa","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C97229A",null,null,"Barranquilla, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/490/mode/1up","Sapphironia luminosa"],["7092","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia goudoti goudoti","(Bourcier, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Colombia (middle and upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-653B0841",null,null,"Ybagne [sic], Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/108/mode/1up","Trochilus Goudoti"],["7093","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia goudoti zuliae","(Cory, 1918)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.2, no.1 p.182,note",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western area of Lake Maracaibo basin (Colombia/Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1270501C",null,null,"Río Aurare, Venezuela.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part 2, no.1. Families Bubonidae, Tytonidae, Psittacidae, Steatornithidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Nyctibiidae, Caprimulgidae, Cypselidae, Trochilidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15559#page/190/mode/1up","Lepidopyga goudoti zuliae"],["7094","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia goudoti phaeochroa","(Todd, 1942)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 29 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (south and east area of Lake Maracaibo basin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45BEADBF",null,null,"Santa Elena, Menda, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216728#page/406/mode/1up","Lepidopyga luminosa phaeochroa"],["7095","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia boucardi","(Mulsant, 1877)","Description d'une espèce nouvelle de Trochilidé p.6","Mangrove Hummingbird","Mangrove Hummingbird","Mangrove Hummingbird","2025-1203","Taxon <em>boucardi </em>is placed in the genus <em>Chrysuronia</em>, rather than in <em>Amazilia</em>, based on the multilocus DNA data of Albertazzi et al. (2024).","western coast of Costa Rica (Gulf of Nicoya to Golfo Dulce)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687562","manhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manhum1","avibase-837E6B04",null,null,"Punta Arenas, Costa Rica.",null,null,"Arena Boucardi"],["7096","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia lilliae","(Stone, 1917)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 69 p.204","Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird","Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird","Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird",null,null,"coastal north-central Colombia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687417","sabhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabhum1","avibase-7AADCEC0",null,null,"Punto Caiman, Santa Marta, Colombia.","A new Hummingbird from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79423#page/238/mode/1up","Lepidopyga lilliae"],["7097","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia coeruleogularis","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.163","Sapphire-throated Hummingbird","Sapphire-throated Hummingbird","Sapphire-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"mangrove and dry woodland in the Pacific lowlands of western Panama and adjacent Costa Rica eastward across Panama to northwestern and northern Colombia, as far east as the Guajira Peninsula; west of the Andes as far south as northern Chocó",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687414","sathum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sathum1","avibase-D3D0C21B",null,null,"David, Chiriquí, Panama.","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/225/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) coeruleogularis"],["7098","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia coeruleogularis coeruleogularis","(Gould, 1851)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.211 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Panama (Chiriquí to Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1BE3B62",null,null,"David, Chiriquí, Panama.","On six new species of Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/225/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) coeruleogularis"],["7099","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia coeruleogularis confinis","(Griscom, 1932)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Panama (Darién) and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD1E5EDE",null,null,"Permé, Carribean slope of Darien, eastern Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/429/mode/1up","Lepidopyga caeruleogularis confinis"],["7100","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia coeruleogularis coelina","(Bourcier, 1856)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (northern Chocó to Santa Marta region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4F8628F",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenada, environs de Sainte-Marthe [Santa Marta, Colombia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/559/mode/1up","Thalucrania Coelina"],["7101","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia grayi","(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.307","Blue-headed Sapphire","Blue-headed Sapphire","Gray's Hummingbird",null,null,"western Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733641","blhsap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhsap1","avibase-D4920C92",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/321/mode/1up","Trochilus Grayi"],["7102","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia humboldtii","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie (2), 4 p.142","Humboldt's Sapphire","Humboldt's Sapphire","Humboldt's Hummingbird",null,null,"far southeastern Panama to Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733646","humsap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humsap2","avibase-8BF8D468",null,null,"Río Mira, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5489753h/f147.item","Trochilus humboldtii"],["7103","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia leucogaster","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.495","Plain-bellied Emerald","Plain-bellied Emerald","Plain-bellied Emerald",null,null,"mangrove and scrub from northeastern Venezuela eastward in coastal Guianas and northeastern Brazil to the central-east Brazil in Espirito Santo; locally in interior Guyana and Suriname",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687574","plbeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbeme1","avibase-FB0419E0",null,null,"ex Brisson, Buffon etc.; Cayenne designated as type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 265.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/507/mode/1up","Trochilus leucogaster"],["7104","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia leucogaster leucogaster","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3297988",null,null,"ex Brisson, Buffon etc.; Cayenne designated as type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 265.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/507/mode/1up","Trochilus leucogaster"],["7105","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia leucogaster bahiae","(Hartert, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-754879FD",null,null,"Bahia.","Einiges über die Kolibri-Gattung Agyrtria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/156/mode/1up","Agyrtria leucogaster bahiae"],["7106","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia brevirostris","(Lesson, 1830)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.211, pl.77, tab.xxxv","White-chested Emerald","White-chested Emerald","White-chested Emerald",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous forest and scrub, gallery forest, scrubby savanna, and borders in northern (west to Miranda) and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas, southward in central Venezuela in the Orinoco basin and the tepuis to western Guyana and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687517","whceme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whceme1","avibase-90782929",null,null,"Guiana, error = Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/265/mode/1up","Ornismya brevirostris"],["7107","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia brevirostris chionopectus","(Gould, 1859)","A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Humming-birds pt18 pl.8,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D61670D0",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108806#page/49/mode/1up","Thaumatias chionopectus"],["7108","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia brevirostris brevirostris","(Lesson, 1830)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.211, pl.77, tab.xxxv",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to Guyana, Suriname, and far north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BC24B7A",null,null,"Guiana, error = Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194632#page/265/mode/1up","Ornismya brevirostris"],["7109","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chrysuronia brevirostris orienticola","(Todd, 1942)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 29 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F40853F0",null,null,"Mana, French Guiana.","List of the Hummingbirds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216728#page/417/mode/1up","Amazilia chionopectus orienticola"],["7110","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Leucochloris","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trochilus albicollis [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/606/mode/1up","Leucochloris"],["7111","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Leucochloris albicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.426","White-throated Hummingbird","White-throated Hummingbird","White-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to eastern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687479","whthum2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthum2","avibase-DEB293EB",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to São Paulo by Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 22, 1938, p. 277.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/438/mode/1up","Trochilus albicollis"],["7112","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa","Simon, 1921","Histoire naturelle des Trochilidæ (synopsis et catalogue) p.99 (in key), p. 104, 320.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ornismya lactea [Lesson]; type by subsequent designation (Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 70, 1927, art. 15, p. 8)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52069#page/111/mode/1up","Chionomesa"],["7113","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa lactea","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.98 pl.56","Sapphire-spangled Emerald","Sapphire-spangled Emerald",null,"2025-0299","Taxon <em>bartletti </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chionomesa lactea</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Despite being widely allopatric, plumage differences are relatively minor and variable within taxa. Genetic data (McGuire et al. 2014) show that <em>C. lactea sensu lato</em> is closely related to <em>C. fimbriata</em>; a comprehensive review of genetic, behavioral, and morphological characters will be needed to determine species limits in this group.","humid and semi-humid forest and borders, gallery forest, Cerrado, and open woodland in eastern Venezuela, the Amazon of central-east Peru southward to northwestern Bolivia (to Santa Cruz) and adjacent Brazil (Acre, Rondônia, and southwestern Amazonas), and southeastern Brazil (Bahia southward to Paraná and westward to western Paraná and adjacent northern Santa Catarina), eastern Paraguay, and adjacent Argentina",null,null,null,"saseme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saseme1","avibase-6FD57E23",null,null,"not given",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/168/mode/1up","Ornismya lactea"],["7114","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa lactea zimmeri","(Gilliard, 1941)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77, art.9 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Mount Auyan-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99358771",null,null,"Mt. Auyan-tepui, 1100 metres, Venezuela.","The Birds of Mt. Auyan-Tepui, Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/988","Agyrtrina lactea zimmeri"],["7115","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa lactea lactea","(Lesson, 1832)","Histoire naturelle des colibris, suivie d'un supplément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches p.98 pl.56",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Brazil (southern Bahia to São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86C2E344",null,null,"not given",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112173#page/168/mode/1up","Ornismya lactea"],["7116","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa lactea bartletti","(Gould, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC2C4D3F",null,null,"Upper Ucayali.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/252/mode/1up","Thaumantias bartletti"],["7117","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.493","Glittering-throated Emerald","Glittering-throated Emerald","Glittering-throated Emerald",null,null,"humid to dry forest and borders, gallery forest, and scrubby savanna east of the Andes from northern Venezuela and the Guianas southward in the western Amazon of Colombia southward to central Bolivia, and across the entire Amazon of Brazil eastward to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and southern Mato Grosso do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687534","glteme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glteme1","avibase-91AD1DE4",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/505/mode/1up","Trochilus fimbriatus"],["7118","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata elegantissima","(Todd, 1942)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 29 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41A27439",null,null,"Santa Lucia, Miranda, Venezuela.","List of the Hummingbirds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216728#page/421/mode/1up","Amazilia fimbriata elegantissima"],["7119","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata fimbriata","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-287C2CEB",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/505/mode/1up","Trochilus fimbriatus"],["7120","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata apicalis","(Gould, 1861)","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia east of the Andes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E01AE2AF",null,null,"Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/170/mode/1up","Thaumatias apicalis"],["7121","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata fluviatilis","(Gould, 1861)","An introduction to the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4542A7A1",null,null,"Banks of the River Napo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104369#page/170/mode/1up","Thaumatias fluviatilis"],["7122","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata laeta","(Hartert, 1900)","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.3 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84AE3852",null,null,"Nauta, Peru.","Allgemeines und Specielles über Kolibris","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/370/mode/1up","Agyrtria fluviatilis laeta"],["7123","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata nigricauda","(Elliot, 1878)","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.5 p.37,47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia and central Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD54B28",null,null,"Trinidad, British Guiana, Cayenne, Bahia; types from Bahia.","Notes on the Trochilidae. The Genus Thaumatias.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/61/mode/1up","Thaumatias nigricauda"],["7124","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chionomesa fimbriata tephrocephala","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8050661",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/444/mode/1up","Trochilus tephrocephalus"],["7125","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Hylocharis","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.546",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus sapphirinus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 14).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/299/mode/1up","Hylocharis"],["7126","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Hylocharis sapphirina","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.496","Rufous-throated Sapphire","Rufous-throated Sapphire","Rufous-throated Hummingbird",null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, southern Venezuela, southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687436","rutsap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutsap1","avibase-584DC7EF",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/508/mode/1up","Trochilus sapphirinus"],["7127","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Hylocharis chrysura","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.335","Gilded Sapphire","Gilded Hummingbird","Gilded Hummingbird",null,null,"Bolivia to Paraguay, Uruguay, southeastern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687449","gilhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gilhum1","avibase-B507381B",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/441/mode/1up","Trochilus chrysurus"],["7128","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Elliotomyia","Stiles & Remsen, 2019","Zootaxa 4691 (2) 195-196",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus chionogaster [Tschudi, 1846];",null,"The generic nomenclature of the Trochilini: a correction","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336901064","Elliotomyia"],["7129","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Elliotomyia viridicauda","(Berlepsch, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.4 p.493","Green-and-white Hummingbird","Green-and-white Hummingbird","Green-and-white Hummingbird",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (southern Huánuco to southern Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687506","gawhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gawhum1","avibase-8F6E114E",null,null,"Hiuro, 4800 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of six new Species of Birds from Southern and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/553/mode/1up","Leucippus viridicauda"],["7130","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Elliotomyia chionogaster","(Tschudi, 1846)","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.39,247 pl.22 fig.2","White-bellied Hummingbird","White-bellied Hummingbird","White-bellied Hummingbird",null,null,"dry and semi-humid woodland and shrubland, Cerrado and semi-open areas in the eastern Andes of Peru, from San Martin, east and south of the Río Marañón, southward to northwestern Argentina (to La Rioja and San Juan), and locally in eastern Bolivia and far southwestern Brazil, in Acre and Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687509","whbhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbhum1","avibase-18C03F5D",null,null,"Peru",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/555/mode/1up","Trochilus chionogaster"],["7131","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Elliotomyia chionogaster chionogaster","(Tschudi, 1846)","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.39,247 pl.22 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8925F3DC",null,null,"Peru",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/555/mode/1up","Trochilus chionogaster"],["7132","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Elliotomyia chionogaster hypoleuca","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.164 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to Bolivia, Paraguay, northwestern Argentina, and Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F1EFBBA",null,null,"Bolivia.","On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/458/mode/1up","Trochilus (?) hypoleucus"],["7133","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polyerata","Heine, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.194, in text.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus amabilis [Gould]; type by monotypy",null,"Trochilidica","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/206/mode/1up","Polyerata"],["7134","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polyerata rosenbergi","Boucard, 1895","The Humming Bird 5, pt.4 p.399","Purple-chested Hummingbird","Purple-chested Hummingbird","Purple-chested Hummingbird",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687559","puchum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puchum1","avibase-2F2D76A4",null,null,"Río Dagua, Colombia; 1895; W.H.T. Rosenberg","Genera of Humming Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127771#page/247/mode/1up","Polyerata rosenbergi"],["7135","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polyerata amabilis","(Gould, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.226 p.115","Blue-chested Hummingbird","Blue-chested Hummingbird","Blue-chested Hummingbird",null,null,"northeastern Nicaragua to Colombia and Ecuador (west of the Andes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687552","blchum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blchum1","avibase-98B261C6",null,null,"Colombia.","On some new species of Trochilidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/145/mode/1up","Trochilus (--?) amabilis"],["7136","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Polyerata decora","Salvin, 1891","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7 p.377","Charming Hummingbird","Charming Hummingbird","Charming Hummingbird",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687556","chahum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chahum1","avibase-F3516A3B",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","XL. Descriptions of new Species of Upupae and Trochili in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/405/mode/1up","Polyerata decora"],["7137","genus","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes","Reichenbach, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 1, Aufz. Colibris p.7",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trochilus caeruleus [Vieillot, 1817]; type by subsequent designation (Salvin, 1892, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 16, p. 239). = Trochilus notatus Reich, 1793",null,"Aufzählung der Colibris oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/603/mode/1up","Chlorestes"],["7138","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes candida","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.326","White-bellied Emerald","White-bellied Emerald","White-bellied Emerald",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope of east-central Mexico from San Luis Potosí southward including Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) through Nicaragua, and locally on the Pacific slope of eastern Chiapas and Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687513","whbeme1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbeme1","avibase-D6040531",null,null,"Coban Guatemala.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/338/mode/1up","Trochilus candidus"],["7139","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes candida genini","(Meise, 1938)","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 14(53) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8EC7143",null,null,"El Asterillo, Vera Cruz.","Über einige Kolubris der Gattung Agyrtrina Chubb.","https://new-biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/14-1938/irscnb_p4087_00f30ap_14_bulletin-53.pdf","Agyrtrina versicolor genini"],["7140","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes candida candida","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"humid southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to Belize and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE6D5E44",null,null,"Coban Guatemala.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/338/mode/1up","Trochilus candidus"],["7141","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes candida pacifica","(Griscom, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.379 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to southern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C03B895",null,null,"Finca Carolina, near Tumbador, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5418/","Agyrtria Candida pacifica"],["7142","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes eliciae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.314","Blue-throated Sapphire","Blue-throated Goldentail","Blue-throated Goldentail",null,null,"humid to dry forest edge of lowlands and hills on both slopes from southeastern Mexico and southeastern Oaxaca (but not Yucatan Peninsula) through southermost Belize and east through Panama to adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687432","bltgol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltgol1","avibase-1939B2C8",null,null,"Type locality unknown.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/326/mode/1up","Trochilus Eliciae"],["7143","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes eliciae eliciae","(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie 9 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico and Belize to southern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D642158",null,null,"Type locality unknown.","Description de Vingt Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux-Mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159286#page/326/mode/1up","Trochilus Eliciae"],["7144","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes eliciae earina","(Wetmore, 1967)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama (including Coiba and Bay of Panama islands) and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E400A8A4",null,null,"Quebrada Chucanti, 225 m elev. Cerro Chucanti, eastern Province of Panama, Panama","Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107570#page/273/mode/1up","Hylocharis eliciae earina"],["7145","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes cyanus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.426","White-chinned Sapphire","White-chinned Sapphire","White-chinned Sapphire",null,null,"tropical rainforest, gallery and sandy-soil forest, riparian woodland, and borders in the foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra del Perijá, and Andes of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela, and locally in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward across eastern Colombia and eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and eastward across Amazonian Brazil (northeastward to northern Ceará and southward to western Goiás), and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (Pernambuco southward to Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687439","whcsap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcsap1","avibase-8564ACE3",null,null,"Brazil = Rio de Janeiro ex Voyage De Lalande.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/438/mode/1up","Trochilus cyanus"],["7146","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes cyanus viridiventris","(Berlepsch, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to the Guianas, southern Venezuela, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B48DACE",null,null,"Mérida), Trinidad and the Orinoco district.","Preliminary Descriptions of new Birds from South America, and Remarks on some described Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/137/mode/1up","Hylocharis cyanea subsp. viridiventris"],["7147","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes cyanus rostrata","(Boucard, 1895)","The Humming Bird 5, pt.4 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to northeastern Bolivia and western Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E39D0FFA",null,null,"Rioja, Peru; Gustav Garlepp","Genera of Humming Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127771#page/248/mode/1up","Hylocharis cyanea rostrata"],["7148","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes cyanus conversa","(Zimmer, 1950)","American Museum Novitates no.1474 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northern Paraguay and southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A291A832",null,null,"Camp-woods, Prov. Sara, Bolivia","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 58, The genera Chlorostilbon, Thalurania, Hylocharis, and Chrysuronia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4385/","Hylocharis cyanus conversa"],["7149","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes cyanus cyanus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4DC02E1",null,null,"Brazil = Rio de Janeiro ex Voyage De Lalande.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/438/mode/1up","Trochilus cyanus"],["7150","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes cyanus griseiventris","(Grantsau, 1988)","Os beija-flores do Brasil p.93, figs.7-8, pl.26",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (São Paulo) to northeastern Argentina (Buenos Aires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AFF7128",null,null,"São Paulo, Brasil",null,null,"Hylocharis cyanus griseiventris"],["7151","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes notata","(Reich, 1793)","Magazin des Thierreichs 1 p.129","Blue-chinned Sapphire","Blue-chinned Sapphire","Blue-chinned Emerald",null,null,"forest edge, clearings, and gardens in lowlands of cis-Andean South America from eastern Ecuador, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad eastward through northeastern Brazil, southward to east-central Peru, and eastward to Goiás; also northeastern Brazil from Ceará southward to Espírito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687296","bucsap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucsap1","avibase-7849DFD9",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175624#page/147/mode/1up","Trochilus notatus"],["7152","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes notata notata","(Reich, 1793)","Magazin des Thierreichs 1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and eastern Brazil from Ceará southward to Espírito Santo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5563B052",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175624#page/147/mode/1up","Trochilus notatus"],["7153","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes notata puruensis","(Riley, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon River and probably southeast through Goiás",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A8D1D5B",null,null,"Hyutanihan (just below falls of the Purus River), Brazil [=Lábrea, Amazonas, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/95/mode/1up","Chlorostilbon puruensis"],["7154","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes notata obsoleta","(Zimmer, 1950)","American Museum Novitates no.1463 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (lower Río Ucayali near mouth of Río Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14CCAC6D",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, Mouth of Río Napo, Peru","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 57, The genera Colibri, Anthracothorax, Klais, Lophornis, and Chlorestes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4387/","Chlorostes notatus obsoletus"],["7155","species","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes julie","(Bourcier, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.373","Violet-bellied Hummingbird","Violet-bellied Hummingbird","Violet-bellied Hummingbird",null,null,"dry to humid forest and edge in lowlands and hills from central Panama to western Colombia in dry northern coastal zone and southward through far northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22687411","vibhum1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vibhum1","avibase-F730C44E",null,null,"Tunja, Colombia.","Description de trois nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/385/mode/1up","Ornismyia julie"],["7156","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes julie panamensis","(Berlepsch, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.167-168 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of central Panama eastward to Río Sinú (far northwestern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AC010F8",null,null,"Panama and Veraguas.","Untersuchungen über die Vögel der Umgegend von Bucaramanga in Neu-Granada","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/324/mode/1up","Damophila panamensis"],["7157","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes julie julie","(Bourcier, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F41FCF7E",null,null,"Tunja, Colombia.","Description de trois nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-mouches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/385/mode/1up","Ornismyia julie"],["7158","subspecies","Apodiformes","Trochilidae","Hummingbirds","Chlorestes julie feliciana","(Lesson, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.433",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical far southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6416DBF6",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/441/mode/1up","Ornismya Feliciana"],["7159","order","Strigiformes",null,null,"Strigiformes",null,null,"Owls",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7160","family","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tytonidae",null,null,"Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Barn-Owls","Barn-owls",null,null,null,null,null,null,"tytoni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tytoni1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7161","genus","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1830","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 21 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Strix badia [Horsfield, 1821]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100337#page/205/mode/1up","Phodilus"],["7162","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus assimilis","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5 p.138","Sri Lanka Bay Owl","Sri Lanka Bay-Owl","Sri Lanka Bay-owl",null,null,"southwestern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725132","srlbao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/srlbao1","avibase-D5D7DE60",null,null,"Ceylon.","Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/154/mode/1up","Phodilus assimilis"],["7163","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus assimilis ripleyi","Hussain & Reza Khan, 1978","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 74 p.334-336",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Anaimalai-Nelliamathy Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B8B50F1",null,null,"Periasolai Coffee Estate, Nelliampathy Hills, Palghat District, Kerala, S. India. [=Periasholai Coffee Estate, Nelliampathy Hills, Palakkad district, Kerala.]","A new subspecies of Bay Owl (Phodilus badius (Horsfield)) from peninsular India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187442#page/367/mode/1up","Phodilus badius ripleyi"],["7164","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus assimilis assimilis","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63A71138",null,null,"Ceylon.","Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/154/mode/1up","Phodilus assimilis"],["7165","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus badius","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.139","Oriental Bay Owl","Oriental Bay-Owl","Oriental Bay-owl",null,null,"evergreen forest and edge of lowlands to hills from Sikkim (at least formerly) and northern West Bengal through eastern India and Bangladesh, southern China (western Yunnan eastward to Guangxi and Hainan), and southward through southeastern Asia including the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Nias (off northwest) and Bangka and Belitung (off southeast), Middle Natuna Archipelago (off northwestern Borneo), and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727641","orbowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbowl1","avibase-F14E4D45",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/158/mode/1up","Strix badia"],["7166","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus badius saturatus","Robinson, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Sikkim and northeastern India to southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84104952",null,null,"Native Sikkim.","Note on Phodilus Less., with proposed new name Phodilus badius saturatus for the birds from Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/159/mode/1up","Phodilus badius saturatus"],["7167","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus badius badius","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra including Nias (off northwest), and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D70DBB91",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/158/mode/1up","Strix badia"],["7168","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus badius parvus","Chasen, 1937","Treubia 16, no.2 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"Belitung (off southwestern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB22CF21",null,null,"Billiton Island.","The Birds of Billiton Island.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v16i2.2511","Phodilus badius parvus"],["7169","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Phodilus badius arixuthus","Oberholser, 1932","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 159 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"Bunguran (Middle Natuna Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AC6592C",null,null,"Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.","The Birds of the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33309#page/50/mode/1up","Phodilus badius arixuthus"],["7170","genus","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto","Billberg, 1828","Synopsis faunae Scandinaviae, complectens animalia Sveciae Norvegiae que hucusque detecta 1, pt.2 tab.A",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Strix flammea [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Strix alba Scopoli, 1769",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137828#page/215/mode/1up","Tyto"],["7171","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto soumagnei","(Grandidier, 1878)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 85 p.1282,note 2","Red Owl","Red Owl","Madagascar Red Owl",null,null,"very locally northern and eastern Madagascar; most recent records from far north",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688493","marowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marowl1","avibase-BDD10FB1",null,null,"Madagascar.","Note sur un nouveau Strigidé de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24548#page/1294/mode/1up","Heliodilus Soumagnei"],["7172","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto deroepstorffi","(Hume, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3 p.390","Andaman Masked Owl","Andaman Masked-Owl",null,"2025-0388","Taxon <em>deroepstorffi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Tyto alba</em> based on mensural and plumage differences (König &amp; Weick 2008; Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012).","southern Andaman Islands",null,null,null,"barowl5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barowl5","avibase-ED259007",null,null,"Aberdeen, South Andaman Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/420/mode/1up","Strix De-Roepstorffi"],["7173","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.295","Eastern Barn Owl","Eastern Barn Owl",null,"2026-064","<em>Tyto nigrobrunnea</em> and <em>T. rosenbergii </em>(polytypic, including <em>pelengensis</em>) are treated as subspecies of <em>T. javanica</em> (recognized as distinct from <em>Tyto alba</em> by AviList 2025; see issue 2025-0389) based on plumage variability, vocal similarities, and genetics (Eaton et al. 2021). Although the plumage of <em>nigrobrunnea </em>tends to be darker than <em>rosenbergii </em>or <em>javanica </em>there is considerable variability within all taxa and some overlap. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Uva et al. 2018) also show <em>nigrobrunnea </em>and <em>rosenbergii </em>to be embedded within <em>T. javanica</em>. A formal bioacoustic analysis, including detailed playback experiments, and genomic DNA data would be informative.","lowland to montane open habitats, from grassland to plantations, farms, woodland, and villages, and forest on islands, from Indian subcontinent eastward to south-central China, and southward through Indonesia to Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia, northern New Zealand, and western Oceania (Fiji, Tonga, Samoa)",null,null,null,"eabowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eabowl1","avibase-E5E05FEF",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/307/mode/1up","Strix javanica"],["7174","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica stertens","Hartert, 1929","Novitates Zoologicae 35, no.2 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian subcontinent to northern Sri Lanka, southwestern China, and southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E75106",null,null,"Forest Offices, Silchar, Cachar, India","On various forms of the genus Tyto. Tyto alba and T. longimembris and their subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22617#page/136/mode/1up","Tyto alba stertens"],["7175","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica javanica","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59CD4CBE",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/307/mode/1up","Strix javanica"],["7176","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica pelengensis","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.92",null,null,null,"2026-064","<em>Tyto nigrobrunnea</em> and<em> T. rosenbergii</em> (polytypic, including <em>pelengensis</em>) are treated as subspecies of <em>T. javanica</em> (recognized by AviList 2025; see issue 2025-0389) based on plumage variability, vocal similarities, and genetics (Eaton et al. 2021). Although the plumage of <em>nigrobrunnea </em>tends to be darker than <em>rosenbergii </em>or <em>javanica </em>there is considerable variability within all taxa and some overlap. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Uva et al. 2018) also show <em>nigrobrunnea </em>and <em>rosenbergii </em>to be embedded within <em>T. javanica</em>. A formal bioacoustic analysis, including detailed playback experiments, and genomic DNA data would be informative.","Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD137A44",null,null,"Peling Island, east of Celebes","[A new species and eight new races from Peleng and Taliaboe.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/122/mode/1up","Tyto rosenbergi pelengensis"],["7177","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica rosenbergii","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.181",null,null,null,"2026-064","<em>Tyto nigrobrunnea</em> and<em> T. rosenbergii</em> (polytypic, including <em>pelengensis</em>) are treated as subspecies of <em>T. javanica</em> (recognized by AviList 2025; see issue 2025-0389) based on plumage variability, vocal similarities, and genetics (Eaton et al. 2021). Although the plumage of <em>nigrobrunnea </em>tends to be darker than <em>rosenbergii </em>or <em>javanica </em>there is considerable variability within all taxa and some overlap. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Uva et al. 2018) also show <em>nigrobrunnea </em>and <em>rosenbergii </em>to be embedded within <em>T. javanica</em>. A formal bioacoustic analysis, including detailed playback experiments, and genomic DNA data would be informative.","Sulawesi and Sangihe Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBBBD664",null,null,"Monelido, Boni and Gorontalo, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/195/mode/1up","Strix Rosenbergii"],["7178","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica nigrobrunnea","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.89",null,null,null,"2026-064","<em>Tyto nigrobrunnea</em> and<em> T. rosenbergii</em> (polytypic, including <em>pelengensis</em>) are treated as subspecies of <em>T. javanica</em> (recognized by AviList 2025; see issue 2025-0389) based on plumage variability, vocal similarities, and genetics (Eaton et al. 2021). Although the plumage of <em>nigrobrunnea </em>tends to be darker than <em>rosenbergii </em>or <em>javanica </em>there is considerable variability within all taxa and some overlap. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Uva et al. 2018) also show <em>nigrobrunnea </em>and <em>rosenbergii </em>to be embedded within <em>T. javanica</em>. A formal bioacoustic analysis, including detailed playback experiments, and genomic DNA data would be informative.","Taliabu (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E61687E7",null,null,"Taliaboe, Sula Islands","A new Species and eight new Races from Peleng and Taliaboe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/119/mode/1up","Tyto nigrobrunnea"],["7179","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica sumbaensis","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.2 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7FF1DD6",null,null,"Sumba Island; type from Waingapo.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett on the Island of Savu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/294/mode/1up","Strix flammea sumbaënsis"],["7180","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica meeki","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1907)","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea, including Manam and Karkar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA07E703",null,null,"Collingwood Bay, New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds (Continued from Volume X. 1903. p. 480.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/468/mode/1up","Strix flammea meeki"],["7181","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica delicatula","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.48 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas eastward to Australia (except Tasmania), Solomon Archipelago, southern Grande Terre and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia), Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50CA3765",null,null,"New South Wales.","Characters of three new species of the genus Strix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/154/mode/1up","Strix delicatulus"],["7182","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica crassirostris","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanga, off New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFBCFF16",null,null,"Boang Island, Tanga Group, Bismarck Archipelago.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Tyto alba crassirostris"],["7183","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto javanica interposita","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.3.",null,null,null,null,null,"Reef, Nendö, and Vanikoro (Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands), and Banks Islands to Efate (northern to central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC0AE6CB",null,null,"Vanikoro, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Tyto alba interposita"],["7184","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.21","Western Barn Owl","Western Barn Owl",null,"2025-0389.1","<em>Tyto alba sensu lato </em>is split into three polytypic species (<em>T. furcata, T. javanica</em>, and <em>T. alba</em>) based on genetics (Aliabadian et al. 2016; Uva et al. 2018) and vocalizations (Robb 2015). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Uva et al. 2018) also placed <em>T. glaucops</em> within the <em>furcata </em>group, while<em> nigrobrunnea</em> and <em>rosenbergii </em>are treated as subspecies within <em>Tyto javanica </em>(see issue 2026-064); genomic data are needed to better understand species relationships in this complex.","lowland to montane open habitats, including grassland, desert, marsh, farmland, plantations, and urban areas, from Europe eastward to western Russia, and southward northwestern Africa, including Cabo Verde and Canary Islands, eastward to Nile Valley (Egypt), Middle East and Arabian Peninsula, and in sub-Saharan Africa, including São Tomé and Madagascar; introduced to Seychelles",null,null,null,"webowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/webowl1","avibase-CFD6F275",null,null,"'Ex Foro Juli' = Friuli, Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/25/mode/1up","Strix alba"],["7185","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba alba","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Europe; western Canary Islands, and North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EA16A37",null,null,"'Ex Foro Juli' = Friuli, Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/25/mode/1up","Strix alba"],["7186","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba guttata","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"central Europe eastward to Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine, and southeastward to Albania, Macedonia, Romania, and northeastern Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9185280",null,null,"The northeast, perhaps Riga; in winter in Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/138/mode/1up","Strix guttata"],["7187","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba ernesti","(Kleinschmidt, 1901)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BCEAF1F",null,null,"Loceri, Sardinia.","Beschreibung neuer Formen aus Tunesien und Sardinien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/186/mode/1up","Strix ernesti"],["7188","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba erlangeri","Sclater, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Crete and Cyprus to southwestern Iran, northeastern Egypt, and southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4F71D9B",null,null,"Lahej, Arabia.","Notes on some African birds, with description of a new subspecies and a nom. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/246/mode/1up","Tyto alba erlangeri"],["7189","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba schmitzi","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.534",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira and Porto Santo islands (Madeira Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4809B5EF",null,null,"Funchal, Madeira.","Some miscellaneous notes on palaearctic birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/548/mode/1up","Strix flammea schmitzi"],["7190","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba gracilirostris","(Hartert, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Canary Islands (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, and Alegranza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA3FB17F",null,null,"Fuerteventura, Canary Islands.","[On two new subspecies].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/55/mode/1up","Strix flammea gracilirostris"],["7191","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba detorta","Hartert, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E15B4D3F",null,null,"Cape Verde Islands; type from St. Jago.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Barn-Owl from the Cape Verde Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/64/mode/1up","Tyto alba detorta"],["7192","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba poensis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.119 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Africa south of the Sahara, including Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D51468D",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po [=Bioko Island]","On two New Species of Birds from Western Africa, belonging to the genera Strix and Pitta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/341/mode/1up","Strix Poensis"],["7193","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba thomensis","(Hartlaub, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9B868CD",null,null,"São Thomé Island.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/9/mode/1up","Strix thomensis"],["7194","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto alba hypermetra","Grote, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros, Europa Island, and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5819C61F",null,null,"Central Madagascar.","Neue Formen von Ostafrika, Aldabra und Madagaskar.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0077-0079.pdf#page=3","Tyto alba hypermetra"],["7195","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto glaucops","(Kaup, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.118","Ashy-faced Owl",null,"Ashy-faced Owl","2025-0390","Taxon <em>nigrescens </em>and taxon <em>insularis </em>are provisionally treated as subspecies of <em>Tyto glaucops</em> based on similarities in size and plumage. Sometimes placed together in a polytypic <em>T. insularis</em>, or as subspecies of <em>T. furcata</em>, genetic and vocal data are needed to better understand species relationships in this complex.","Hispaniola (including Tortue Island) and disjunctly in Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada, and satellite islands (Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688511",null,null,"avibase-A5F84B3A",null,null,"Jamaica, error = Hispaniola.","Monograph of the Owls - Strigidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/152/mode/1up","Strix glaucops"],["7196","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto glaucops glaucops","(Kaup, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"forested areas of Hispaniola, including Tortue Island (off northern Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECC6B122",null,null,"Jamaica, error = Hispaniola.","Monograph of the Owls - Strigidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/152/mode/1up","Strix glaucops"],["7197","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto glaucops nigrescens","(Lawrence, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.19 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Dominica (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEB4414D",null,null,"Dominica, Lesser Antilles.","Catalogue of birds of Dominica from a collection made for the Smithsonian Institution by Frederick A. Ober,&.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/82/mode/1up","Strix flammea var. nigrescens"],["7198","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto glaucops insularis","(Pelzeln, 1872)","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.115 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CB4173D",null,null,"St. Vincent.","Ueber eine neue Schleiereule.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/35/mode/1up","Strix insularis"],["7199","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.73, vol.2 pl.432","American Barn Owl",null,null,"2025-0389b, 2025-0390","2025-0389)) <em>Tyto alba</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is split into three polytypic species (<em>T. furcata, T. javanica</em>, and <em>T. alba</em>) based on genetics (Aliabadian et al. 2016; Uva et al. 2018) and vocalizations (Robb 2015). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Uva et al. 2018) also placed <em>T. glaucops</em> within the <em>furcata </em>group, while <em>nigrobrunnea</em> and <em>rosenbergi</em> are treated as subspecies within <em>Tyto javanica</em>; genomic data are needed to better understand species relationships in this complex. 2025-0390)) Taxon <em>nigrescens </em>and taxon <em>insularis </em>are provisionally treated as subspecies of <em>Tyto glaucops</em> based on similarities in size and plumage. Sometimes placed together in a polytypic <em>T. insularis</em>, or as subspecies of <em>T. furcata</em>, genetic and vocal data are needed to better understand species relationships in this complex.","southwestern Canada and northern USA southward through North America and South America to Tierra del Fuego, including Hawaiian Islands (Introduced), Caribbean (Lucayan Bank, Greater Antilles,and Cayman Islands), Galapagos, and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D590808",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/67/mode/1up","Strix furcata"],["7200","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata pratincola","(Bonaparte, 1838)","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada to northern Mexico, Bermuda, Bahamas, and Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13BC0333",null,null,"No locality = Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/19/mode/1up","Strix Pratincola"],["7201","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata guatemalae","(Ridgway, 1874)","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5 p.189,197",null,null,null,null,null,"western Guatemala to Panama including Pearl Islands, and Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42E10C56",null,null,"Guatemala to Panama; type from Chinandega, Nicaragua.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/208/mode/1up","Strix flammea var. Guatemalae"],["7202","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata bondi","Parkes & Phillips, 1978","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 47 p.479-492",null,null,null,null,null,"Bay Islands off northern Honduras (Roatán and Guanaja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3FEC56D",null,null,"French Harbor, Isla Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras","Two new Caribbean subspecies of barn owl (Tyto alba), with remarks on variation in other populations.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/217561#page/514/mode/1up","Tyto alba bondi"],["7203","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata niveicauda","Parkes & Phillips, 1978","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 47 p.479-492",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61D6734B",null,null,"Los Indios, Isle of Pines, Cuba","Two new Caribbean subspecies of barn owl (Tyto alba), with remarks on variation in other populations.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/217561#page/511/mode/1up","Tyto alba niveicauda"],["7204","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata furcata","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.73, vol.2 pl.432",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba, Cayman Islands, and Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C0D3E31",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/67/mode/1up","Strix furcata"],["7205","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata bargei","(Hartert, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.3 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Curaçao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A5939F",null,null,"Curaçao.","On species of birds from the Dutch West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/39/mode/1up","Strix flammea bargei"],["7206","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata contempta","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia to Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D36EFD39",null,null,"Cayambe, 9223 feet, Ecuador.","On a collection of birds from North-western Ecuador, collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/520/mode/1up","Strix flammea contempta"],["7207","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata hellmayri","Griscom & Greenway, 1937","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 81, no.2 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela), Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas to northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5291BD1",null,null,"Paramaribo, Surinam.","Critical notes on new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21291#page/435/mode/1up","Tyto alba hellmayri"],["7208","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata tuidara","(Gray, 1828)","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 6 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E0AA9FE",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103397#page/91/mode/1up","Strix Tuidara"],["7209","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto furcata punctatissima","(Gould & Gray, 1838)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.34 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FD8A8A7",null,null,"James Island, Galapagos Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/58/mode/1up","Strix punctatissima"],["7210","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto inexspectata","(Schlegel, 1879)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.50,51","Minahasa Masked Owl","Minahasa Masked-Owl","Minahasa Masked-owl",null,null,"hill forest of northern and north-central Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688441","minowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minowl1","avibase-C54633EE",null,null,"Minahassa, Celebes.","On Strix inexspectata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/62/mode/1up","Strix inexspectata"],["7211","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto capensis","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.317","African Grass Owl","African Grass-Owl","African Grass-owl",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa from Ethiopia and Cameroon southward to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688514","afgowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afgowl1","avibase-B21A37E7",null,null,"South Africa, restricted type locality fixed as Cape Town by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 57, 1937, p. 158.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/337/mode/1up","Strix Capensis"],["7212","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto prigoginei","(Schouteden, 1952)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 46 p.424","Itombwe Owl","Itombwe Owl","Itombwe Owl","2025-0454","Taxon <em>prigoginei </em>is placed in <em>Tyto </em>following König et al. (1999). The heart-shaped facial disc of <em>prigoginei </em>is <em>Tyto</em>-like, suggesting similarities to <em>Phodilus </em>are superficial or convergent. Genetic data that bear on this decision are desirable.","poorly known; reported only from the Itombwe Mountains and Itombwe Forest, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688529","cobowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cobowl1","avibase-07C0389D",null,null,"region d'altitude située au nord-ouest du lac Tanganyika. Il a été récolté à Muusi, 2340 m. [high altitude region located northwest of Lake Tanganyika. It was collected at Muusi, 2340 m.]","Un strigidé nouveau d'Afrique noire : Phodilus prigoginei nov. sp..",null,"Phodilus Prigoginei"],["7213","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto longimembris","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.24 p.86","Eastern Grass Owl","Australasian Grass-Owl","Eastern Grass-owl",null,null,"grassland, marshes, and fields from lowlands to mountains of India, at least formerly eastward from Uttarakhand (northwestern India) and Indian Peninsula (but now mostly in northeastern India from Assam to Manipur), through southeastern Asia (except Malayan Peninsula) to eastern China (from Yunnan eastward to Shandong), thence southward through Taiwan, northeastern Borneo, Sulawesi including Wakatobi Archipelago (off southeast), and Flores and Sumba (central Lesser Sundas), and Philippines, thence eastward through New Guinea, Australia (mostly far northern and eastern), and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688522","ausgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausgro1","avibase-8BF77421",null,null,"Neilgherries, near Coonoor, India.","Catalogue of the Birds of the Peninsula of India, arranged according to the modern system of Classification ; with brief Notes on their Habits and Geographical distribution, and description of new, doubtful and imperfectly described Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/100/mode/1up","Strix longimembris"],["7214","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto longimembris longimembris","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.24 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Indochina, Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, New Guinea (scarce), and central, northern, and eastern Australia (Kimberley, northern Northern Territory, eastward to Cape York Peninsula and to southern Victoria, inland to northeastern South Australia); at least formerly also Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41E9C3AA",null,null,"Neilgherries, near Coonoor, India.","Catalogue of the Birds of the Peninsula of India, arranged according to the modern system of Classification ; with brief Notes on their Habits and Geographical distribution, and description of new, doubtful and imperfectly described Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/100/mode/1up","Strix longimembris"],["7215","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto longimembris chinensis","Hartert, 1929","Novitates Zoologicae 35, no.2 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (southeastern Yunnan to Jiangsu) and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C5175F0",null,null,"Suey Kow, i.e. Shuikow, Fukien.","On various forms of the genus Tyto. Tyto alba and T. longimembris and their subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22617#page/142/mode/1up","Tyto longimembris chinensis"],["7216","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto longimembris pithecops","(Swinhoe, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.8 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC648F75",null,null,"Interior of Formosa [=Taiwan]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/438/mode/1up","Strix pithecops"],["7217","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto longimembris amauronota","(Cabanis, 1872)","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.118 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C82C69",null,null,"Luzon, Philippines","[Über Pyrrhula Cassini und cineracea aus Sibirien und über einige neue Arten, welche von Herrn Jagor auf Luzon gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/328/mode/1up","Strix amauronota"],["7218","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto longimembris papuensis","Hartert, 1929","Novitates Zoologicae 35, no.2 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central New Guinea (Baliem Valley) and eastern New Guinea (highlands of the Eastern Range, Huon Peninsula, and southeastern Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-018D9F1A",null,null,"Owgarra, 6000 feet, Angabunga River, New Guinea.","On various forms of the genus Tyto. Tyto alba and T. longimembris and their subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22617#page/141/mode/1up","Tyto longimembris papuensis"],["7219","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto tenebricosa","(Gould, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.149 p.80","Sooty Owl","Sooty Owl",null,"2025-0452","The three taxa <em>arfaki, multipunctata</em>, and <em>tenebricosa</em>, are treated as a single species, <em>Tyto tenebricosa</em>, based on mitochondrial DNA evidence (Norman et al. 2002; Uva et al. 2018). Future genomic research may support an alternative arrangement.","rainforest from lowlands to mountains of New Guinea (except Trans-Fly) including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), and eastern Australia southward to southeastern Victoria",null,null,null,"sooowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sooowl1","avibase-C9B6F34C",null,null,"Brushes of the Clarence River, New South Wales.","Exhibition of three new species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/294/mode/1up","Strix tenebricosus"],["7220","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto tenebricosa arfaki","(Schlegel, 1879)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6251DE21",null,null,"Hattam, Mount Arfak, New Guinea.","On Strix tenebricosa Arfaki.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/113/mode/1up","Strix tenebricosa Arfaki"],["7221","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa","(Gould, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.149 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range, southeastern Queensland southward to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33BBB9AF",null,null,"Brushes of the Clarence River, New South Wales.","Exhibition of three new species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/294/mode/1up","Strix tenebricosus"],["7222","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto tenebricosa multipunctata","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-393BDFD3",null,null,"Johnston [=Johnstone] River, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/281/mode/1up","Tyto tenebricosa multipunctata"],["7223","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto aurantia","(Salvadori, 1881)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 16 p.619","Golden Masked Owl","Golden Masked-Owl","Golden Masked-owl",null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688470","nebmao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebmao1","avibase-5F5CAA2E",null,null,"New Britain.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=Se5SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA619","Strix aurantia"],["7224","species","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt2 p.61","Australasian Masked Owl","Australasian Masked-Owl","Australasian Masked-owl","2025-0450, 2025-0451","2025-0450)) <em>Tyto almae</em> is a recently described taxon, known from a single specimen (Jønsson et al. 2013). Morphological differences from <em>Tyto sororcula</em> (also known from very few specimens) are slight, and the available genetic data (mitochondrial DNA only) suggest that neither <em>almae </em>nor <em>Tyto sororcula</em> show significant genetic divergence from <em>Tyto novaehollandiae</em> (Jønsson et al. 2013; Uva et al. 2018). 2025-0451)) Taxon <em>manusi </em>(monotypic) and <em>sororcula</em> (polytypic, including <em>cayelii</em>) are retained in <em>Tyto novaehollandiae</em> based on genetic evidence. Limited mitochondrial DNA data suggest that <em>manusi </em>and <em>sororcula </em>are embedded within <em>T. novaehollandiae</em> (Uva et al. 2018), but broader genomic sampling and documentation of vocalizations are needed to better understand relationships among these taxa, including the equally distinctive <em>castanops</em>.","south-central New Guinea and Australia including Tasmania and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230023167","ausmao7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausmao7","avibase-A953B080",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/89/mode/1up","Strix (?) Novae Hollandiae"],["7225","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae sororcula","(Sclater, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena and Larat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F64627F3",null,null,"Larat, Tenimber Islands.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/106/mode/1up","Strix sororcula"],["7226","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae cayelii","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.2 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southwestern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E224968",null,null,"Kayeli, Buru.","The birds of Buru, being a list of collections made on that island by Messrs. William Doherty and Dumas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/242/mode/1up","Strix cayelii"],["7227","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae almae","Jønsson, Poulsen, Haryoko et al., 2013","Zootaxa 3635 (1) 051-061",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ED913E9",null,null,"Mount Binaiya, at Waensela above Kanikeh Village, Manusela National Park, Seram, Maluku Province, Indonesia, elevation 1,350 m, 3°08.668’S, 129°28.434’E, mist-netted on 10 February 2012","A new species of masked-owl (Aves: Strigiformes: Tytonidae) from Seram, Indonesia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235981092","Tyto almae"],["7228","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae manusi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.4 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"Manus (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCEC0198",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","The birds of the Admiralty Islands, north of German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/321/mode/1up","Tyto manusi"],["7229","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae calabyi","Mason, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103 p.126 [126,127]",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly lowlands of south-central New Guinea, and Daru Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4B8B755",null,null,"Merauke (southern New Guinea)","A new subspecies of Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae (Stephens) from southern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/146/mode/1up","Tyto novaehollandiae calabyi"],["7230","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Yampi Peninsula to northern Northern Territory), and Groote Eylandt (off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DFA61E4",null,null,"East Kimberley, West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/281/mode/1up","Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli"],["7231","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae melvillensis","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"insular northern Australia (Melville Island and Bathurst Island, Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0C123A8",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/53/mode/1up","Tyto novae-hollandiae melvillensis"],["7232","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae galei","Mathews, 1914","South Australian Ornithologist 1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-375D8D97",null,null,"Northern Queensland, type from Pascoe River.",null,"https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume1/1914V1_2P012.pdf","Tyto galei"],["7233","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt2 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Western Australia and southeastern Australia (central Queensland to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4663D4F",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/89/mode/1up","Strix (?) Novae Hollandiae"],["7234","subspecies","Strigiformes","Tytonidae","Bay Owls and Barn Owls","Tyto novaehollandiae castanops","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.48 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania, and Maria and Maatsuyker islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-543E7711",null,null,"Tasmania.","Characters of three new species of the genus Strix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/154/mode/1up","Strix castanops"],["7235","family","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strigidae",null,null,"Owls","Owls","Typical Owls",null,null,null,null,null,null,"strigi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strigi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7236","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Uroglaux","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.939 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Athene dimorpha [Salvadori, 1874]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 35, Notes on New Guinea birds. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3848/","Uroglaux"],["7237","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Uroglaux dimorpha","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.308","Papuan Hawk-Owl","Papuan Owl","Papuan Hawk-owl",null,null,"sparsely distributed, New Guinea and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689490","paphao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paphao1","avibase-21835A3B",null,null,"Sorong, north end of New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/326/mode/1up","Athene dimorpha"],["7238","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Margarobyas","Olson & Suárez, 2008","Zootaxa 1960 67",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gymnoglaux lawrencii [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A new generic name for the Cuban Bare-legged Owl Gymnoglaux lawrencii Sclater and Salvin",null,"Margarobyas"],["7239","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Margarobyas lawrencii","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.327 pl.29","Bare-legged Owl","Bare-legged Owl","Bare-legged Owl",null,null,"Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688883","balowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balowl","avibase-C1134C83",null,null,"Cuba; ex Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1860, p. 257.","Descriptions of New or little-known American Birds of the Families Fringillidae, Oxyrhamphidae, Bucconidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/409/mode/1up","Gymnoglaux lawrencii"],["7240","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox","Hodgson, 1837","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 5, no.14 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ninox nipalensis [Hodgson, 1837]; type by monotypy = Strix lugubris Tickell, 1833  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176523#page/65/mode/1up","Ninox"],["7241","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rufa","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.156 p.18","Rufous Owl","Rufous Owl","Rufous Owl",null,null,"New Guinea including western satellite islands, and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689385","rufowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufowl2","avibase-0A4EC595",null,null,"Port Essington.","Description of eleven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/386/mode/1up","Athene rufa"],["7242","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rufa humeralis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9DD2303",null,null,"Oceania -New Guinea, ex Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pôle Sud, Zool., 3, 1853, p. 51 = Triton Bay, the only point on New Guinea where the expedition collected.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/82/mode/1up","Athene humeralis"],["7243","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rufa rufa","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.156 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, and northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4859CE09",null,null,"Port Essington.","Description of eleven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/386/mode/1up","Athene rufa"],["7244","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rufa meesi","Mason & Schodde, 1980","The Emu 80 p.141-144",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B06FF538",null,null,"Watson River, Cape York Peninsula, 31 July 1914, coll. W. R. McLennan [Queensland, Australia]","Subspeciation in the Rufous Owl Ninox rufa (Gould).","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9800141","Ninox rufa meesi"],["7245","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rufa queenslandica","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Queensland from Wet Tropics region southward to Sarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46A4EC56",null,null,"The Hollows, Mackay, Queensland.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Owl from N. Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/90/mode/1up","Ninox humeralis queenslandica"],["7246","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox strenua","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt3 pl.47 fig.2","Powerful Owl","Powerful Owl","Powerful Owl",null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland southward to Victoria and southeastern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689389","powowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/powowl1","avibase-2DF7793A",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/203/mode/1up","Athene ? strenua"],["7247","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox connivens","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xii","Barking Owl","Barking Owl",null,"2025-1069","Taxon <em>remigialis</em>, sometimes treated within <em>Ninox boobook</em> (e.g., <em>Ninox boobook remigialis</em> by Clements et al. 2022), is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ninox connivens</em> based on vocalizations following Gwee et al. (2017).","northern Moluccas, eastern New Guinea, and Australia",null,null,null,"barowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barowl1","avibase-A2A65F42",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/18/mode/1up","Falco connivens"],["7248","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox connivens rufostrigata","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.344 pl.169",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Morotai, Bacan, and Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A3A87F1",null,null,"Halmahera.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/442/mode/1up","Athene rufostrigata"],["7249","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox connivens remigialis","Stresemann, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.61",null,null,null,"2025-1069","Taxon <em>remigialis</em>, sometimes treated within <em>Ninox boobook</em> (e.g., <em>Ninox boobook remigialis</em> by Clements et al. 2022), is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ninox connivens</em> based on vocalizations following Gwee et al. (2017).","Kai Besar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E31D632D",null,null,"Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/95/mode/1up","Ninox novaeseelandiae remigialis"],["7250","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox connivens assimilis","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.809",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea, including Manam and Karkar islands, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C75EF18",null,null,"Mt. Epa, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/815/mode/1up","Ninox assimilis"],["7251","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox connivens peninsularis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.992",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley, northern Northern Territory, eastward to northern Queensland, and southwestern Torres Strait Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51A9D9C1",null,null,"Somerset, Cape York, Queensland",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/998/mode/1up","Ninox peninsularis"],["7252","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox connivens connivens","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xii",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia, and eastern Australia (Wet Tropics southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BE55755",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/18/mode/1up","Falco connivens"],["7253","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rudolfi","Meyer, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.22 p.232 pl.6","Great Sumba Boobook","Great Sumba Boobook","Sumba Boobook",null,null,"lowlands of Sumba (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689398","sumboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumboo1","avibase-EB43852E",null,null,"Sumba.","On Ninox rudolfi, a new Species of Hawk-Owl from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/272/mode/1up","Ninox rudolfi"],["7254","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox affinis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.316","Andaman Boobook","Andaman Boobook","Andaman Boobook",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689420","andhao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andhao1","avibase-719451A5",null,null,"Aberdeen Point, Port Blair, Andaman Islands.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/344/mode/1up","Ninox affinis"],["7255","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xv","Australian Boobook","Australian Boobook",null,"2025-0366, 2025-1069","2025-0366)) <em>Ninox boobook</em> is split into four species: <em>N. rotiensis</em> (monotypic); <em>N. fusca </em>(monotypic); <em>N. plesseni</em> (monotypic); and<em> N. boobook </em>(polytypic) based on genetic and vocal differences (Gwee et al. 2017); although genetic data (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) are lacking for <em>plesseni</em> it is vocally distinct. 2025-1069)) Taxon <em>remigialis</em>, sometimes treated within <em>Ninox boobook</em> (e.g., <em>Ninox boobook remigialis</em> by Clements et al. 2022), is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ninox connivens</em> based on vocalizations, following Gwee et al. (2017).","Lesser Sundas, south-central New Guinea, and Australia (except Tasmania)",null,null,null,"souboo8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souboo8","avibase-82BA5F75",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/21/mode/1up","Strix Boobook"],["7256","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook moae","Mayr, 1943","The Emu 43 p.3-17",null,null,null,null,null,"Moa, Leti, and Romang islands (east of Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-892F68C9",null,null,"Moa Island, off the northeastern tip of Timor, Indonesia","Notes on Australian Birds II.",null,"Ninox novaeseelandiae moae"],["7257","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook cinnamomina","Hartert, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar Island (east of Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A55B28A",null,null,"Tepa, Babar Island.","On the birds of the Island of Babber.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/307/mode/1up","Ninox boobook cinnamomina"],["7258","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook pusilla","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16DE4BE2",null,null,"Dogwa, Oriomo River, Territory of Papua; February 16, 1934; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Ninox novaeseelandiae pusilla"],["7259","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook ocellata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Sawu (Lesser Sundas) and Australia (except eastern and southeastern Australia and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B14CA089",null,null,"Oceania, based on Voy. Pôle Sud, Atlas, Ois., pl. 3, f. 2 = Raffles Bay, Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula, Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/84/mode/1up","Athene ocellata"],["7260","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook halmaturina","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A918030",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/278/mode/1up","Ninox boobook halmaturina"],["7261","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook lurida","De Vis, 1887","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.2, vol.1, pt.4 p.1135",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics regio, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55F6F3D3",null,null,"Bellenden Ker Range, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30467#page/1175/mode/1up","Ninox boobook, var. lurida"],["7262","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox boobook boobook","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xv",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (northeastern Queensland southward to eastern New South Wales, Victoria and southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B343011C",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/21/mode/1up","Strix Boobook"],["7263","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rotiensis","Johnstone & Darnell, 1997","The Western Australian Naturalist 21 p.169","Rote Boobook","Rote Boobook","Rote Boobook","2025-0366","<em>Ninox boobook sensu lato </em>is split into four species: <em>N. rotiensis </em>(monotypic); <em>N. fusca</em> (monotypic); <em>N. plesseni</em> (monotypic); and <em>N. boobook</em> (polytypic), based on genetic and vocal differences (Gwee et al. 2017); although genetic data (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) are lacking for <em>plesseni</em>, it is vocally distinct.","Rote (Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725127","souboo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souboo4","avibase-00867CE7",null,null,"Tsabela, 10°35’S, 123 C 15’E, Roti Island, Indonesia; by R.E. Johnstone on 17 October 1990","Description of a new subspecies of Boobook Owl Ninox novaeseelandiae (Gmelin) from Roti Island, Indonesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/274460#page/29/mode/1up","Ninox novaeseelandiae rotiensis"],["7264","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox fusca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.22","Timor Boobook","Timor Boobook","Timor Boobook","2025-0366","<em>Ninox boobook sensu lato </em>is split into four species: <em>N. rotiensis </em>(monotypic); <em>N. fusca</em> (monotypic); <em>N. plesseni</em> (monotypic); and <em>N. boobook</em> (polytypic), based on genetic and vocal differences (Gwee et al. 2017); although genetic data (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) are lacking for <em>plesseni</em>, it is vocally distinct.","Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230084345","souboo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souboo5","avibase-354C2019",null,null,"Santo Domingo and Puerto Rico, error = Timor; see Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 256.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/30/mode/1up","Strix fusca"],["7265","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox plesseni","Stresemann, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.47","Alor Boobook","Alor Boobook","Alor Boobook","2025-0366","<em>Ninox boobook sensu lato </em>is split into four species: <em>N. rotiensis </em>(monotypic); <em>N. fusca</em> (monotypic); <em>N. plesseni</em> (monotypic); and <em>N. boobook</em> (polytypic), based on genetic and vocal differences (Gwee et al. 2017); although genetic data (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) are lacking for <em>plesseni</em>, it is vocally distinct.","Pantar and Alor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230087117","souboo6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souboo6","avibase-554D38C8",null,null,"Tanglapoi, 1000 meters, Alor.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0041-0049.pdf#page=7","Ninox fusca plesseni"],["7266","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox leucopsis","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.58 p.99","Tasmanian Boobook","Tasmanian Boobook","Tasmanian Boobook","2025-0367","Taxon <em>leucopsis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ninox novaeseelandiae</em> based on moderate levels of vocal and genetic divergence (Gwee et al. 2017), and differences in plumage and morphometrics (König &amp; Weick 2008; del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2014).","breeds Tasmania (southeastern Australia); winters to islands in Bass Strait and southern Victoria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62023823","souboo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souboo3","avibase-2ED1B123",null,null,"Tasmania.","Observations on the Raptorial Birds of Australia and the adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/271/mode/1up","Athene leucopsis"],["7267","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.296","Morepork","Morepork","Morepork","2025-0367","Taxon <em>leucopsis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ninox novaeseelandiae</em> based on moderate levels of vocal and genetic divergence (Gwee et al. 2017), and differences in plumage and morphometrics (König &amp; Weick 2008; del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2014).","North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand), Norfolk and (formerly) Lord Howe islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62023843","morepo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/morepo2","avibase-E8E9C26D",null,null,"New Zealand = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 1, pt. 1, p. 149, no. 39.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/308/mode/1up","Strix novae Seelandiae"],["7268","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"New Zealand, on both main islands and many satellite islands including Taranga, Great Barrier, Little Barrier, Three Kings Group, Kapiti, Codfish, and Stewart",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35EB5CF0",null,null,"New Zealand = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 1, pt. 1, p. 149, no. 39.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/308/mode/1up","Strix novae Seelandiae"],["7269","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xvii",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Norfolk Island; pure form now extinct after the introduction of N. n. novaeseelandiae, with remaining population now comprising hybrid undulata x novaeseelandiae","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AA9D1CB",null,null,"Norfolk Island, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 368, cf. Mathews, Ibis, 1933, p. 353.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/23/mode/1up","Strix undulata"],["7270","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria","Ramsay, 1888","Tabular list of all the Australian birds at present known to the author, showing the distribution of the species over the continent of Australia and adjacent islands p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island; extinct, last reported 1950s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-15908517",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49555#page/74/mode/1up","Ninox albaria"],["7271","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox albifacies","(Gray, 1844)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.2 pl.1","Laughing Owl","Laughing Owl","Laughing Owl","2025-0368","The monotypic genus <em>Sceloglaux </em>(with species <em>albifacies</em>) is placed in the genus <em>Ninox</em> (polytypic) based on genomic (Salter et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Wood et al. 2017).","formerly New Zealand; extinct, last reported 1970","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689496","lauowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lauowl1","avibase-1F14F0A8",null,null,"Waikouaiti, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/82/mode/1up","Athene albifacies"],["7272","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox albifacies rufifacies","(Buller, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.16 p.639",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly North Island (New Zealand); probably extinct by 1940","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-23428233",null,null,"Wairarapa district, North Island, New Zealand.","On a new Species of Owl from New Zealand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/705/mode/1up","Sceloglaux rufifacies"],["7273","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox albifacies albifacies","(Gray, 1844)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.2 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly South and Stewart islands (New Zealand); probably extinct by 1940","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-738CE50E",null,null,"Waikouaiti, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/82/mode/1up","Athene albifacies"],["7274","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox sumbaensis","Olsen, Wink, Sauer-Gürth & Trost, 2002","The Emu 102 p.223-231","Little Sumba Boobook","Little Sumba Boobook","Least Boobook",null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730062","lishao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lishao1","avibase-1BE72E49",null,null,"from degraded forest near Km 45 west of Waingapu, on the Lewa road, Sumba, Indonesia (approximately 9°44'S, 119°57'E) by a local bird hunter on the night of 30 December 2001","A new Ninox owl from Sumba, Indonesia","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU02006","Ninox sumbaensis"],["7275","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.280","Brown Boobook","Brown Boobook","Brown Boobook",null,null,"lowland to foothill rainforest, wooded parks and plantations, and mangroves, from Kashmir and sub-Himalayan India southward through Sri Lanka and Nicobar Islands, eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Palawan (Philippines), Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and associated islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725643","brnhao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnhao1","avibase-A5AC4024",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/312/mode/1up","Strix scutulata"],["7276","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata lugubris","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Himalayan region from southern Kashmir eastward to western Assam and central and eastern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A92D1BD2",null,null,"Dampara, Dholbhum, Bengal.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/630/mode/1up","Strix Lugubris"],["7277","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata burmanica","Hume, 1876","Stray Feathers 4 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Assam to southern Yunnan, northern Malayan Peninsula, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38C677B5",null,null,"Pegu and Tenasserim.","Additional Notes on the Avi-fauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/305/mode/1up","Ninox burmanica"],["7278","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata hirsuta","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.49, vol.2 pl.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Western and southern Eastern ghats of Peninsular India, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1419ECB5",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/19/mode/1up","Strix hirsuta"],["7279","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata isolata","Stuart Baker, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Car Nicobar (Nicobar Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CBD1255",null,null,"Car Nicobar.","Remarks on Oriental Owls, with descriptions of four new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/94/mode/1up","Ninox scutulata isolata"],["7280","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata rexpimenti","Abdulali, 1979","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75 p.744-772",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Nicobar (Nicobar Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00947598",null,null,"Magar Nulla, 8 km. from Campebll Bay, on East-West Road [=Magarnalla, near Campbell Bay, Great Nicobar Is.]","The birds of Great and Car Nicobars with some notes on wildlife conservation in the islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188023#page/256/mode/1up","Ninox affinis rexpimenti"],["7281","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata scutulata","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Riau Archipelago, Sumatra, and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E54FD315",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/312/mode/1up","Strix scutulata"],["7282","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata javanensis","Stresemann, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEBD5B08",null,null,"Indramaju, Residency of Cheribon, Java.","Ninox scutulata javanensis subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0054-0064.pdf","Ninox scutulata javanensis"],["7283","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata borneensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAB68DD5",null,null,"Malaysia, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/83/mode/1up","Strix hirsuta borneensis"],["7284","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox scutulata palawanensis","Ripley & Rabor, 1962","Postilla no.73 p.1-16",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9295678C",null,null,"Tarahanan, Concepcion, Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, Philippines","New birds from Palawan and Culion Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44213#page/6/mode/1up","Ninox scutulata palawanensis"],["7285","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox obscura","Hume, 1872","Stray Feathers 1 p.11","Hume's Boobook","Hume's Boobook","Hume's Boobook",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726328","brnhao3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnhao3","avibase-2EE2D67A",null,null,"Camorta, Nicobars.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/27/mode/1up","Ninox obscurus"],["7286","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox japonica","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.28 pl.9B","Northern Boobook","Northern Boobook","Northern Boobook",null,null,"Russian Far East to Korean Peninsula, Japan (Hokkaido to Izu and Ryukyu Islands), and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725653","norboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norboo1","avibase-A6052ECB",null,null,"Japan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/38/mode/1up","Strix hirsuta japonica"],["7287","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox japonica florensis","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia, northeastern China (southeastern Heilongjiang to Hebei), and northern Korean Peninsula; winters in Greater and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7913B35C",null,null,"Flores",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/588/mode/1up","Athene florensis"],["7288","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox japonica japonica","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.28 pl.9B",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Korean Peninsula and Japan; winters to Philippines and Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-578F0E13",null,null,"Japan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/38/mode/1up","Strix hirsuta japonica"],["7289","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox japonica totogo","Momiyama, 1931","Amoeba 3 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3E6A34B",null,null,"Momiyama, Amoeba, 2, 1930, p. 26. Nomen nudum.","List of the Birdskins from the Island of Botel Tobago made by Mrs. Z. Suzuki in June of 1929.",null,"Ninox scutulata totogo"],["7290","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox randi","Deignan, 1951","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64 p.41-42","Chocolate Boobook","Chocolate Boobook","Chocolate Boobook",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and Sulu Archipelago), and Talaud Islands (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726321","choboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/choboo1","avibase-344F50D2",null,null,"Catagan, elev. 1100 feet, at the base of Mount Malindang, Misamis Province, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands","A new race of the Hawk-Owl Ninox scutulata, from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/59/mode/1up","Ninox scutulata randi"],["7291","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox philippensis","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.655","Luzon Boobook","Luzon Boobook","Luzon Boobook",null,null,"Luzon and associated islands southward to Negros, Siquijor, and Leyte (northern and central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725483","phihao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phihao1","avibase-181430F4",null,null,"No locality = Philippine Islands by inference.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/665/mode/1up","Ninox philippensis"],["7292","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox philippensis philippensis","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.655",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Negros, Bohol, Samar, and Leyte and associated smaller islands: Biliran, Boracay, Buad, Carabao, Catanduanes, Guimaras, Lubang, Marinduque, Masbate, Polillo, and Semirara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C22A7EC8",null,null,"No locality = Philippine Islands by inference.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/665/mode/1up","Ninox philippensis"],["7293","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox philippensis ticaoensis","du Pont, 1972","Nemouria no.6 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Ticao (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-961B339A",null,null,"Koolau Forest, northeastern slopes of Hleakala Volcano, Maui, Hawaii, 20 45'N, 156 07'W, 1980 m (6500 ft.)","Notes on Philippine birds (No. 2). Birds of Ticao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/168/mode/1up","Ninox philippensis ticaoensis"],["7294","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox philippensis centralis","Mayr, 1945","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 30 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Siquijor (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D7EF9AB",null,null,"Siquijor, Philippine Islands","Notes on the taxonomy of the birds of the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215764#page/150/mode/1up","Ninox philippensis centralis"],["7295","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox spilocephala","Tweeddale, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.4 p.939","Mindanao Boobook","Mindanao Boobook","Mindanao Boobook",null,null,"Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao, and Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728252","minboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minboo1","avibase-581CA4FF",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett at Zamboanga, in the island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/567/mode/1up","Ninox spilocephala"],["7296","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox mindorensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.463","Mindoro Boobook","Mindoro Boobook","Mindoro Boobook",null,null,"Mindoro (west-central Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726334","minboo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minboo2","avibase-7076C12B",null,null,"Lowlands of Mindoro.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part VII. The Highlands of Mindoro. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/519/mode/1up","Ninox mindorensis"],["7297","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox spilonotus","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.8","Romblon Boobook","Romblon Boobook","Romblon Boobook",null,null,"Sibuyan and Tablas (west-central Philippines)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725493","romboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/romboo1","avibase-E27F2664",null,null,"Cebu, Sibuyan, Tablas and Mindoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/11/mode/1up","Ninox spilonotus"],["7298","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox spilonotus spilonotus","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Sibuyan (west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B6BF8EB",null,null,"Cebu, Sibuyan, Tablas and Mindoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/11/mode/1up","Ninox spilonotus"],["7299","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox spilonotus fisheri","Rasmussen, Allen, Collar et al., 2012","Forktail 28 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Tablas (west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F9148E5",null,null,"Badajos (jetzt San Augustin), Insel Tablas, Philippinen, gesammelt 18.9.1892 von DC Worcester und FS Bourns, deponiert in USNM Washington.","Vocal divergence and new species in the Philippine Hawk Owl Ninox philippensis complex.","http://news.msu.edu/media/documents/2012/08/0cd74c7a-3869-429d-92e2-f4ff62cd82e8.pdf","Ninox spilonota fisheri"],["7300","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox rumseyi","Rasmussen, Allen, Collar et al., 2012","Forktail 28 p.16","Cebu Boobook","Cebu Boobook","Cebu Boobook",null,null,"Cebu (west-central Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725505","cebboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cebboo1","avibase-1243079D",null,null,"Insel Cebu, Philippinen. Farbfotos lebender Tiere, Sonagramme, Tabellen, Grafiken.","Vocal divergence and new species in the Philippine Hawk Owl Ninox philippensis complex.","http://news.msu.edu/media/documents/2012/08/0cd74c7a-3869-429d-92e2-f4ff62cd82e8.pdf","Ninox rumseyi"],["7301","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox leventisi","Rasmussen, Allen, Collar et al., 2012","Forktail 28 p.15-16","Camiguin Boobook","Camiguin Boobook","Camiguin Boobook",null,null,"Camiguin Sur (central Philippines, just north of Mindanao)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725512","camboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camboo1","avibase-42ABCF92",null,null,"Catarman Mt., Catarman, Camiguin province, Camiguin Sur Island, Philippinen. Farbfotos lebender Tiere, Sonagramme, Tabellen, Grafiken","Vocal divergence and new species in the Philippine Hawk Owl Ninox philippensis complex.","http://news.msu.edu/media/documents/2012/08/0cd74c7a-3869-429d-92e2-f4ff62cd82e8.pdf","Ninox leventisi"],["7302","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox reyi","Oustalet, 1880","Bulletin Hebdomadaire de l'Association Scientifique de France (2), 2 p.206","Sulu Boobook","Sulu Boobook","Sulu Boobook",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago on Sulu, Siasi, Tawi Tawi, and Sibutu (southern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725499","sulboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulboo1","avibase-EA06B173",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago.",null,null,"Ninox Reyi"],["7303","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox ochracea","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.183","Ochre-bellied Boobook","Ochre-bellied Boobook","Ochre-bellied Boobook",null,null,"humid forest of Sulawesi and Buton Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689439","ocbhao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbhao1","avibase-2A4B7EB7",null,null,"Negri-lama, Gulf of Tomini, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/197/mode/1up","Noctua ochracea"],["7304","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox burhani","Indrawan & Somadikarta, 2004","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124 p.162 [160-171]","Togian Boobook","Togian Boobook","Togian Boobook",null,null,"Togian Islands (off Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732909","toghao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/toghao1","avibase-BF2E6226",null,null,"scrubby forest below 100 m a.s.l., at Benteng village, Togian Island, Togian archipelago, Gulf of Tomini, central Sulawesi, Indonesia, by R. M. Hidayat with the assistance of Burhan and Iling Taskir, on 8 April 2001","A new hawk-owl from the Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini, central Sulawesi, Indonesia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123799#page/176/mode/1up","Ninox burhani"],["7305","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox ios","Rasmussen, 1999","Wilson Bulletin 111, no.4 p.Front.,457-464","Cinnabar Boobook","Cinnabar Boobook","Cinnabar Boobook",null,null,"montane forest of northeastern Sulawesi (Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park and Gunung Ambang)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728610","cinhao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinhao1","avibase-CF8433FC",null,null,"in a forested valley at 1120 m at Clark’s camp (Hill 1440), east-central Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (ca 0“ 40’ N, 123” 0’ E) by E G. and C. M. Rozendaal the night of 5-6 April 1985","A New Species of Hawk-Owl Ninox from North Sulawesi, Indonesia","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol111/iss4/1/","Ninox ios"],["7306","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox hypogramma","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.344","Halmahera Boobook","Halmahera Boobook","Halmahera Boobook",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, and Bacan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727900","molhao3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molhao3","avibase-6634B781",null,null,"Batjan and Halmahera.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/442/mode/1up","Athene hypogramma"],["7307","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox forbesi","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.52 pl.11","Tanimbar Boobook","Tanimbar Boobook","Tanimbar Boobook",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727916","molhao2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molhao2","avibase-EF2010E1",null,null,"Lutu, Timor Laut.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/106/mode/1up","Ninox forbesi"],["7308","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox squamipila","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.41","Seram Boobook","Seram Boobook","Seram Boobook",null,null,"Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727893","hanboo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hanboo2","avibase-4FA9994A",null,null,"Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/83/mode/1up","Athene squamipila"],["7309","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox hantu","(Wallace, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.22","Buru Boobook","Buru Boobook","Buru Boobook",null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727909","hanboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hanboo1","avibase-0A01E336",null,null,"Bum.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/56/mode/1up","Athene hantu"],["7310","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox natalis","Lister, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.4 p.525","Christmas Boobook","Christmas Island Boobook","Christmas Island Boobook",null,null,"Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689452","chihao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chihao1","avibase-7A047750",null,null,"Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.","On the Natural History of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/611/mode/1up","Ninox natalis"],["7311","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox theomacha","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.654","Papuan Boobook","Papuan Boobook","Jungle Boobook",null,null,"New Guinea (except south-central)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689460","junhao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/junhao1","avibase-0EBDC907",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/664/mode/1up","Spiloglaux theomacha"],["7312","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox theomacha goldii","Gurney, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9519D6F5",null,null,"Southeastern New Guinea, error = Fergusson Island, fide Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 325.","On an Owl from South-east New Guinea, allied to Ninox terricolor, Ramsay, but apparently distinct and undescribed.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/215/mode/1up","Ninox goldii"],["7313","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox theomacha theomacha","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.654",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Waigeo and Misool islands (western Papuan islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F0B34F2",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/664/mode/1up","Spiloglaux theomacha"],["7314","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox theomacha rosseliana","Tristram, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.557",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula and Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-608E2A6B",null,null,"Rossel Island.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/587/mode/1up","Ninox rosseliana"],["7315","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox meeki","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.105","Manus Boobook","Manus Boobook","Manus Boobook",null,null,"Manus (Admiralty Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689465","manhao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manhao1","avibase-1DC414D2",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/143/mode/1up","Ninox meeki"],["7316","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox punctulata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.165 AtlasOis. pl.1 fig.1","Speckled Boobook","Speckled Boobook","Speckled Boobook",null,null,"Sulawesi, including Kabaena, Muna, and Buton islands (to se)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689470","spehao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spehao1","avibase-3E83E4BB",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/223/mode/1up","Noctua punctulata"],["7317","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox variegata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.166 AtlasOis. pl.1 fig.2","New Ireland Boobook","Bismarck Boobook","Bismarck Boobook",null,null,"montane New Hanover and New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689475","bishao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bishao1","avibase-9564C804",null,null,"Carteret Harbor, New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/224/mode/1up","Noctua variegata"],["7318","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox variegata superior","Hartert, 1925","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.2 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C5ED3B7",null,null,"New Hanover.","A collection of Birds from New Ireland (Neu Mecklenburg).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/147/mode/1up","Ninox variegata superior"],["7319","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox variegata variegata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.166 AtlasOis. pl.1 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E76C3E12",null,null,"Carteret Harbor, New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/224/mode/1up","Noctua variegata"],["7320","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ninox odiosa","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.108","New Britain Boobook","New Britain Boobook","New Britain Boobook",null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689480","nebhao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebhao1","avibase-1C14F946",null,null,"New Britain.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/164/mode/1up","Ninox odiosa"],["7321","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Taenioptynx","Kaup, 1848","Isis von Oken 41, heft 10 col.767.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Noctua Brodiei [Burton, E, 1836]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/425/mode/1up","Taenioptynx"],["7322","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Taenioptynx brodiei","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.152","Collared Owlet","Collared Owlet","Collared Owlet",null,null,"montane and submontane forest and scrub in the Himalayas from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through northeastern India to central China, Indian hills south of the Brahmaputra River, northern and western Myanmar, east-central China (including Hainan), Taiwan, southward to southern Cambodia and Vietnam, and southern Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200290653","colowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colowl1","avibase-8BB833BB",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla by Stuart Baker, antea, p. 450.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/330/mode/1up","Noctua Brodiei"],["7323","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Taenioptynx brodiei brodiei","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan to southern China, southeastern Tibet, northern Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E00675D2",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla by Stuart Baker, antea, p. 450.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/330/mode/1up","Noctua Brodiei"],["7324","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Taenioptynx brodiei pardalotus","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD536267",null,null,"Interior of Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/244/mode/1up","Athene pardalota"],["7325","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Taenioptynx sylvaticus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.40","Sunda Owlet","Sunda Owlet","Sunda Owlet",null,null,"montane Sumatra and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200290450","colowl3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colowl3","avibase-8A6B2F1F",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/82/mode/1up","Strix sylvatica"],["7326","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Taenioptynx sylvaticus sylvaticus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9086730B",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/82/mode/1up","Strix sylvatica"],["7327","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Taenioptynx sylvaticus borneensis","(Sharpe, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-217E1B26",null,null,"Mount Kalulong, Sarawak, Borneo.","[Three new species of birds from Mount Kalulong in Sarawak].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/81/mode/1up","Glaucidium borneense"],["7328","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Xenoglaux","O'Neill & Graves, 1977","The Auk 94, no.3 p.409-416",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Xenoglaux loweryi [O'Neill & G.R. Graves, 1977]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A New Genus and Species of Owl (Aves: Strigidae) from Peru","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol94/iss3/1/","Xenoglaux"],["7329","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Xenoglaux loweryi","O'Neill & Graves, 1977","The Auk 94, no.3 p.409-416","Long-whiskered Owlet","Long-whiskered Owlet","Long-whiskered Owlet",null,null,"cloudforest of northern Peru (Amazonas and San Martín)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689320","lowowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lowowl1","avibase-2B03EB0B",null,null,"10 km by road NE of Abra Patricia on road to Rioja, Departamento San Martin, Peru; 05 46'S, 77 41W, elev. approx. 1890 m","A new genus and species of Owl (Aves: Strigidae) from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol94/iss3/1/","Xenoglaux loweryi"],["7330","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Micrathene","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Athene whitneyi [Cooper, JG, 1861]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/59/mode/1up","Micrathene"],["7331","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Micrathene whitneyi","(Cooper, 1861)","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (1), 2 p.118","Elf Owl","Elf Owl","Elf Owl",null,null,"varied arid to semiarid habitats of lowlands to mountains of southern Arizona to southern Texas (southwestern USA) and southern half of Baja California southward through Sinaloa and Mexican border states; disjunctly south-central Mexico mainly in Puebla and Oaxaca; formerly Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Islands, far west of Jalisco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689325","elfowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elfowl","avibase-D74BA965",null,null,"Fort Mojave, Arizona. Fort Mojave, lat. 35°, Colorado Valley, April 26th, 1861",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24102#page/132/mode/1up","Athene whitneyi"],["7332","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Micrathene whitneyi whitneyi","(Cooper, 1861)","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (1), 2 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA and adjacent northwestern Mexico (Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-169C5ECC",null,null,"Fort Mojave, Arizona. Fort Mojave, lat. 35°, Colorado Valley, April 26th, 1861",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24102#page/132/mode/1up","Athene whitneyi"],["7333","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Micrathene whitneyi idonea","(Ridgway, 1914)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.810, key p.807, p.xvii",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (lower Rio Grande Valley) to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C922A57",null,null,"Five miles from Hidalgo, Texas.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/838/mode/1up","Micropallas whitneyi idoneus"],["7334","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Micrathene whitneyi sanfordi","(Ridgway, 1914)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.809, key p.807, p.xvii",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Baja California (south of latitude 23°40'N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76A52042",null,null,"Miraflores, Victoria Mountains, Southern Lower California.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/837/mode/1up","Micropallas whitneyi sanfordi"],["7335","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Micrathene whitneyi graysoni","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA94891D",null,null,"Socorro Island, Western Mexico","Description of a new species of Elf Owl from Socorro Island, western Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/9/","Micrathene graysoni"],["7336","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.34",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Strix tengmalmi [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Strix funerea Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/62/mode/1up","Aegolius"],["7337","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93","Boreal Owl","Boreal Owl","Boreal Owl",null,null,"boreal and subalpine forest and woodland from Scandinavia and northern Europe southward in mountainous areas of Europe to the Alps and Pyrenees and eastward to Kamchatka and northeastern China, also mountains of eastern Europe, northern Türkiye, the Caucasus, and the Altai and Tian Shan mountains of western China, eastern Kazakhstan, eastern Kyrgyzstan, northern Tajikistan, eastern Uzbekistan, and northern India, and Alaska and north-central Canada southward in the Rocky Mountains to west-central US and eastward to southeastern Canada and adjacent US; seasonal irruptions in northern US and northern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689362","borowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borowl","avibase-8AB4EAF6",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix funerea"],["7338","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus richardsoni","(Bonaparte, 1838)","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska and northern Canada to northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD28CE1B",null,null,"Bangor, Maine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/19/mode/1up","Nyctale Richardsoni"],["7339","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus funereus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Scandinavia to Pyrenees and Urals (except for Caucasus Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0A512C0",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix funerea"],["7340","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus magnus","(Buturlin, 1907)","Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota 13 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia (Kolyma to Kamchatka Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C917302F",null,null,"Type from the Kolyma River at lat. 68° 41' N.","Interesnii nakhodki.",null,"Nyctala magna"],["7341","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus sibiricus","(Buturlin, 1910)","Nasha Okhota 4 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3C07DBF",null,null,"Khanka Lake, Ussuriland.","Mokhnonogie sichi. Rod Cryptoglaux Richm..",null,"Cryptoglaux tengmalmi sibirica"],["7342","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus pallens","(Schalow, 1908)","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88B24B4E",null,null,"Xachka Su, central Tian Shan.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna Centralasiens. II).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/121/mode/1up","Nyctale tengmalmi pallens"],["7343","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus caucasicus","(Buturlin, 1907)","Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota 13 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Caucasus Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CA2AE6F",null,null,"Kislovodsk, Caucasus.","Interesnii nakhodki.",null,"Nyctala caucasica"],["7344","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius funereus beickianus","Stresemann, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern India (Lahul) to southwestern China (Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-586B8384",null,null,"Lang-tang-shu, South Tetung Range, Kansu.","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu II.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0041-0042.pdf","Aegolius tengmalmi beickianus"],["7345","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius harrisii","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.7 p.157","Buff-fronted Owl","Buff-fronted Owl","Buff-fronted Owl",null,null,"forest and woodland in montane regions patchily in the Andes from western Venezuela and Sierra de Perijá southward across Colombia and Ecuador to central and southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina, southward to La Rioja; also locally in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, in Aragua, and in the tepuis of southeastern and southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana and Brazil; in varied habitats in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions of eastern Brazil from Ceará southward to Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and northernmost Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689378","bufowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufowl1","avibase-10C68CA3",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/183/mode/1up","Nyctale Harrisii"],["7346","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius harrisii harrisii","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.7 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily distributed Colombia to Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5176F30",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/183/mode/1up","Nyctale Harrisii"],["7347","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius harrisii iheringi","(Sharpe, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, eastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C9B1C5C",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.","[Exhibition and description of an Owl from São Paulo, Brazil].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/72/mode/1up","Gisella iheringi"],["7348","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius harrisii dabbenei","Olrog, 1979","Acta Zoológica Lilloana 33 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Tucumán, Salta, and Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B1202BE",null,null,"Concepción, Tucumán, Argentina","Notas ornitologicas. 11. Sobre la coleccion del Instituto Miguel Lillo.",null,"Aegolius harrisi dabbenei"],["7349","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius gradyi","Olson, 2012","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125, no.2 p.98","Bermuda Saw-whet Owl","Bermuda Saw-whet Owl","Bermuda Saw-whet Owl",null,null,"formerly Bermuda; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62184893","bswowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bswowl1","avibase-E553A88E",null,null,"Bermuda, Hamilton Parish, Wilkinson Quarry, Site UWQ1 (32°21'08.9\"N, 64°42'52.2\"W); Late Pleistocene, last glacial (Marine Isotope Stage 3/2) 29,510 ± 200 14C yr BP","A new species of small owl of the genus Aegolius (Aves: Strigidae) from Quaternary deposits on Bermuda","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280989164","Aegolius gradyi"],["7350","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius ridgwayi","(Alfaro González, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.217","Unspotted Saw-whet Owl","Unspotted Saw-whet Owl","Unspotted Saw-whet Owl",null,null,"southern Mexico to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689371","uswowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uswowl1","avibase-6439759F",null,null,"Cerro de la Candelaria, -near Escasu, Costa Rica.","A new Owl from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/237/mode/1up","Cryptoglaux ridgwayi"],["7351","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius acadicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.296","Northern Saw-whet Owl","Northern Saw-whet Owl","Northern Saw-whet Owl",null,null,"various montane forest and woodland from southern Alaska eastward across Canada to Nova Scotia, southward in western US to southern California and in the Rocky Mountains southward to southern Arizona, southern New Mexico and adjacent Texas, and in Mexico southward in the Sierra Madre Occidental to the volcanic belt in northern Michoacan and in the Sierra Madre Oriental in southern Coahuila and adjacent Nuevo León and San Luis Potosí, and from southern San Luis Potosí southeastward to northern Oaxaca; in northeastern US southward to northern Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to eastern Tennessee; winters at lower elevations across most US",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689366","nswowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nswowl","avibase-26BA25EF",null,null,"North America, = Nova Scotia, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/308/mode/1up","Strix acadica"],["7352","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius acadicus acadicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"mixed woodland of southern Alaska to southern Mexico; winters southward to southern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAE997C4",null,null,"North America, = Nova Scotia, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/308/mode/1up","Strix acadica"],["7353","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Aegolius acadicus brooksi","(Fleming, 1916)","The Auk 33, no.4 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"Haida Gwaii (British Columbia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26975454",null,null,"Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands.","The Saw-whet Owl of the Queen Charlotte Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol33/iss4/7/","Cryptoglaux acadica brooksi"],["7354","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.549",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Strix noctua [Scopoli, 1769]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 7).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/283/mode/1up","Athene"],["7355","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene blewitti","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.468","Forest Owlet","Forest Owlet","Forest Owlet",null,null,"known from seven 19th Century specimens from northwestern Maharashtra, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh; rediscovered in Taloda area, Maharashtra after hiatus of 113 years; now known from deciduous forest mainly in Surat Dangs (Gujarat), northwestern Maharashtra, and Melghat Tiger Reserve (western Madhya Pradesh)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689335","forowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forowl1","avibase-DD89F95C",null,null,"Busnah, Phooljan State, India.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/496/mode/1up","Heteroglaux Blewitti"],["7356","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene superciliaris","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.33","White-browed Owl","White-browed Owl","White-browed Owl",null,null,"Madagascar (except central)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689425","whbowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbowl1","avibase-8874AA69",null,null,"Forest at the bridge of the Guaporé, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/41/mode/1up","Strix superciliaris"],["7357","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.263","Burrowing Owl","Burrowing Owl","Burrowing Owl",null,null,"grassland, steppe and arid habitats from south-central Canada southward across western and west-central US to southern Baja California, southern Florida, and southward across Mexico to (more locally and seasonally) western Costa Rica, Bahamas, Hispaniola, and locally in Cuba, in South America in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, the Cauca and Magdalena valleys of central Colombia, and central Andean valleys of Ecuador and northern Peru, coastal southwestern Ecuador southward to southern Chile, and in the Andes southward to southern Argentina, the llanos and locally across the Amazon basin (mostly along river islands and sandbanks) from central Venezuela and western Guyana, and in interior and eastern Brazil, southward to southern Argentina (Río Negro and Chubut), Aruba, and (formerly) in Guadaloupe, Nevis, and Antigua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689353","burowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burowl","avibase-B9EE9676",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=264&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Strix Cunicularia"],["7358","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia hypugaea","(Bonaparte, 1825)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States not given by Wilson with figures drawn engraved and coloured from nature by Charles Lucien Bonaparte 1 p.20 pl.11 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada to El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59A00320",null,null,"Western United States, i.e., Plains of the Platte River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/266952#page/100/mode/1up","Strix hypugaea"],["7359","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia rostrata","(Townsend, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Clarion Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B02860D",null,null,"Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Group, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/165/mode/1up","Speotyto rostrata"],["7360","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia floridana","(Ridgway, 1874)","The American Sportsman, devoted exclusively to shooting, fishing and practical natural history 4 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"prairies of central and southern Florida, Bahamas, and Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC211220",null,null,"16 miles east of Sarasota Bay, Florida.","Discovery of a burrowing owl in Florida","https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/global_owl_project/descriptions/Athene/Athene%20cunicularia%20floridana%20(Ridgway)%201874,%20American%20Sportsman,%20July%204,%201874,%20pages%20216-217..PDF","Speotyto cunicularia var. floridana"],["7361","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia amaura","(Lawrence, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.35 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Nevis and Antigua (West Indies); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-81D5A314",null,null,"Antigua, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/258/mode/1up","Speotyto amaura"],["7362","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia guadeloupensis","(Ridgway, 1874)","A history of North American birds. Land birds 3 p.90 (note)",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Guadeloupe (central Lesser Antilles); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AB0D25E",null,null,"Guadeloupe, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31756#page/104/mode/1up","Spheotyto cunicularia guadeloupensis"],["7363","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia guantanamensis","(Garrido, 2001)","Cotinga 15 p.75-78",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Cuba (Guantánamo Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BCDB04B",null,null,"en los alrededores del río Jaibo, Guantánamo, Cuba","Una nueva subespecie del Sijú de Sabana Speotyto cunicularia para Cuba.","https://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Cotinga-15-2001-75-78.pdf","Speotyto cunicularia guantanamensis"],["7364","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia troglodytes","(Wetmore & Swales, 1931)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 155 p.239 (p.41,key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola including Gonâve and Beata islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3077ABB",null,null,"Hispaniola","The Birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49958#page/273/mode/1up","Speotyto cunicularia troglodytes"],["7365","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia brachyptera","(Richmond, 1896)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1093 p.663",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, northern Venezuela (southward to the llanos of Apure, Barinas, and Cojedes) including Isla Margarita, and adjacent northeastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3986923F",null,null,"East of Porlamar, Margarita Island, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/749/mode/1up","Speotyto brachyptera"],["7366","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia minor","(Cory, 1918)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.2, no.1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guyana and adjacent far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33A77524",null,null,"Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Amazonas, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part 2, no.1. Families Bubonidae, Tytonidae, Psittacidae, Steatornithidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Nyctibiidae, Caprimulgidae, Cypselidae, Trochilidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15559#page/48/mode/1up","Speotyto cunicularia minor"],["7367","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia carrikeri","(Stone, 1922)","The Auk 39, no.1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-017A8725",null,null,"Palmar, Boyacá, Colombia.","A new Burrowing Owl from Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol39/iss1/11/","Speotyto cunicularia carrikeri"],["7368","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia tolimae","(Stone, 1899)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE78DA7D",null,null,"Plains of Tolima, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/313/mode/1up","Speotyto cunicularia tolimae"],["7369","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia pichinchae","(Boetticher, 1929)","Senckenbergiana 11 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador (except for arid littoral)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8684B70D",null,null,"Pichincha, Ecuador.","Eine neue Rasse der Kanincheneule, Speotyto cunicularia (Mol.).",null,"Speotyto cunicularia pichinchae"],["7370","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia nanodes","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1892)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.3 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal slope of western South American (southwestern Ecuador to northern Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFB7AFD8",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","Résultats des recherches ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/460/mode/1up","Speotyto cunicularia nanodes"],["7371","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia juninensis","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín) to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A96CDDB",null,null,"Ingapirca, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/79/mode/1up","Speotyto cunicularia juninensis"],["7372","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia boliviana","(Kelso, 1939)","Biological Leaflet no.11 p.[1,2]",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31939D65",null,null,"Warnes, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, alt. 400 m","Additional races of American Owls.",null,"Speotyto cunicularia boliviana"],["7373","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia grallaria","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.25, vol.2 pl.146",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Mato Grosso and Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E21AB73E",null,null,"Brazil, i.e. Faxina, São Paulo, cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 405, note 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/51/mode/1up","Strix grallaria"],["7374","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia cunicularia","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia and southern Brazil to Paraguay and Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E332745",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=264&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Strix Cunicularia"],["7375","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene cunicularia partridgei","Olrog, 1976","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 22 p.107-108",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Argentina (Corrientes Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E73A587",null,null,"Ituzaingó, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina.","Sobre una subespecie de Athene cunicularia de Argentina (Aves, Strigidae).",null,"Athene cunicularia partridgei"],["7376","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.22","Little Owl","Little Owl","Little Owl",null,null,"lowland to submontane semi-open habitats, including grassland, steppe, stony semi-desert, farmland, villages, and urban areas, from Scandinavia and southern Europe eastward to southern Siberia, Mongolia, and northeastern China, and southward to western and central Sahara, Ethiopia, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula, western Pakistan, and south-central China; introduced to Britain and New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689328","litowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litowl1","avibase-9A7B268C",null,null,"Carniolia, i.e. Krain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/26/mode/1up","Strix noctua"],["7377","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua vidalii","Brehm, 1857","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 Heft11 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baltic to Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, Poland, and northwestern Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AA3F24F",null,null,"Mountains of Spain, type from Murcia.",null,"https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/466","Athene Vidalii"],["7378","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua noctua","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Sardinia, Corsica, Italy, northwestern Balkans, southeastern Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA4D3A30",null,null,"Carniolia, i.e. Krain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/26/mode/1up","Strix noctua"],["7379","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua indigena","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Balkans to Türkiye, southern Russia, Transcaucasia, and southwestern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C09593C",null,null,"Greece, and wanders to Egypt, type from Attica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/73/mode/1up","Athene indigena"],["7380","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua lilith","Hartert, 1913","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.1006",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus; inland Middle East from southeastern Türkiye to southern Sinai",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-492D7F79",null,null,"Der-ez-Zor, on the Euphrates.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/216/mode/1up","Athene (oder Carine) noctua lilith"],["7381","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua bactriana","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.2 p.776",null,null,null,null,null,"Azerbaijan to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Lake Balkhash",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04879A3D",null,null,"Old Kandahar, Afghanistan.","Rough Notes on the Ornithology of Candahar and its neighbourhood. [With some Additional Information on the Birds of Afghanistan. - By E. Blyth, Curator of the Asiatic Society, &c. &c.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123994#page/208/mode/1up","Athene bactrianus"],["7382","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua orientalis","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern China and adjacent Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F09F7D9",null,null,"Turkestan; no type designated; lectotype from Issyk-Kul, Tian Shan, cf. Dementiev, Alauda (2), 3, 1931, p. 258.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Athene orientalis"],["7383","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua ludlowi","Stuart Baker, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China and Tibet to northern Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-583F2862",null,null,"Dochen, 15,000 feet, Rhamtso Lake, Tibet.","Remarks on Oriental Owls, with descriptions of four new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/92/mode/1up","Athene noctua ludlowi"],["7384","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua impasta","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.7 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (Kokonor and western Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-845578C8",null,null,"Grasslands south of Lake Kokonor, 10,700 ft. [Qinghai Lake, Qinghai, China]","Birds collected by Dr. Joseph F. Rock in western Kansu and eastern Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/370/mode/1up","Athene noctua impasta"],["7385","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua plumipes","Swinhoe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China, Mongolia, and Ussuriland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0142F7D7",null,null,"Near Shato [not far from Nankow Pass, northwest of Peiping], Chihli.","Zoological Notes of a Journey from Canton to Peking and Kalgan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/536/mode/1up","Athene plumipes"],["7386","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua glaux","(de Savigny, 1809)","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Africa and coastal Israel (north to Haifa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C31AA126",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/117/mode/1up","Noctua Glaux"],["7387","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua saharae","(Kleinschmidt, 1909)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 5, no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco to Tunisia south of Atlas, Libya coast, western Egypt, and Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31393838",null,null,"Mouleina, near Biskra, southern Algeria.","Beschreibung neuer Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/33/mode/1up","Strix saharae"],["7388","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua spilogastra","(Heuglin, 1863)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.119 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea coast of eastern Sudan and northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77890703",null,null,"Ethiopian coastlands not far from Umkulu and Harkiko.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/261/mode/1up","Noctua spilogastra"],["7389","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene noctua somaliensis","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt2 p.822",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F33159A",null,null,"Aurowana, northern Somaliland, ex Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 238.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/866/mode/1up","Athene spilogaster somaliensis"],["7390","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene brama","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.12, vol.2 pl.68","Spotted Owlet","Spotted Owlet","Spotted Owlet",null,null,"lowland and foothill open forest, desert, semi-desert, villages, from southern Iran eastward through India subcontinent to Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689332","spoowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spoowl1","avibase-DDE6A352",null,null,"Pondicherry and west coast of India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/47/mode/1up","Strix brama"],["7391","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene brama indica","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iran and from southern Pakistan east across northern and central India (except for the northeast) to Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C20FC369",null,null,"Banks of the Ganges and in the mountain chain of upper Hindoostan, i.e. United Provinces.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/129/mode/1up","Noctua Indica"],["7392","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene brama ultra","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh and east Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BADC1171",null,null,"Chabua, Lakhimpur distict, N.E. Assam [=Chabua, Dibrugarh district, Assam.]","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/288/mode/1up","Athene brama ultra"],["7393","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene brama brama","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.12, vol.2 pl.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B165942",null,null,"Pondicherry and west coast of India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/47/mode/1up","Strix brama"],["7394","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene brama pulchra","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F92CCF2E",null,null,"Pegu, Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/497/mode/1up","Athene pulchra"],["7395","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene brama mayri","Deignan, 1941","The Auk 58, no.3 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Myanmar, Thailand (except far south), southern Laos, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9E37AAC",null,null,"Udon, NE Thailand [=Ban Mak Khaeng], 17 25' S, 102 45' E","New Birds from the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol58/iss3/10/","Athene brama mayri"],["7396","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene jacquinoti","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.42","West Solomons Owl","West Solomons Owl","West Solomons Owl","2025-0369","<em>Ninox jacquinoti </em>(polytypic) is placed in the genus <em>Athene </em>based on genomic (Salter et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Gwee et al. 2017). <em>A. jacquinoti sensu lato </em>is further split into four species based on vocal and plumage differences (monotypic <em>A. granti</em>, monotypic <em>A. roseoaxillaris</em>, and polytypic <em>A. jacquinoti</em>), or plumage differences alone (monotypic <em>A. malaitae</em>) (Dutson 2011).","western and central Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45449325","solboo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solboo1","avibase-20687BEA",null,null,"Oceania = St. George (San Jorge), Solomon Islands, ex Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pôle Sud., Zool., 3, 1853, p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/84/mode/1up","Athene jacquinoti"],["7397","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene jacquinoti eichhorni","(Hartert, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka, Bougainville, and Choiseul (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BFA12A3",null,null,"Choiseul, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Spiloglaux jacquinoti eichhorni"],["7398","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene jacquinoti mono","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Mono (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FECAE481",null,null,"Mono Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Ninox jacquinoti mono"],["7399","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene jacquinoti jacquinoti","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Isabel and San Jorge (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E88C500",null,null,"Oceania = St. George (San Jorge), Solomon Islands, ex Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pôle Sud., Zool., 3, 1853, p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/84/mode/1up","Athene jacquinoti"],["7400","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene jacquinoti floridae","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Florida Group (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E801CD4A",null,null,"Florida Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Ninox jacquinoti floridae"],["7401","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene granti","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.183","Guadalcanal Owl","Guadalcanal Owl","Guadalcanal Owl","2025-0369","<em>Ninox jacquinoti </em>(polytypic) is placed in the genus <em>Athene </em>based on genomic (Salter et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Gwee et al. 2017). <em>A. jacquinoti sensu lato </em>is further split into four species based on vocal and plumage differences (monotypic <em>A. granti</em>, monotypic <em>A. roseoaxillaris</em>, and polytypic <em>A. jacquinoti</em>), or plumage differences alone (monotypic <em>A. malaitae</em>) (Dutson 2011).","Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45449328","solboo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solboo2","avibase-8FB53639",null,null,"Guadalcanal Solomon Islands.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by Mr. C. M. Woodford.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/229/mode/1up","Ninox granti"],["7402","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene malaitae","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.14","Malaita Owl","Malaita Owl","Malaita Owl","2025-0369","<em>Ninox jacquinoti </em>(polytypic) is placed in the genus <em>Athene </em>based on genomic (Salter et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Gwee et al. 2017). <em>A. jacquinoti sensu lato </em>is further split into four species based on vocal and plumage differences (monotypic <em>A. granti</em>, monotypic <em>A. roseoaxillaris</em>, and polytypic <em>A. jacquinoti</em>), or plumage differences alone (monotypic <em>A. malaitae</em>) (Dutson 2011).","Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45449331","solboo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solboo3","avibase-B901A687",null,null,"Malaita, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Ninox jacquinoti malaitae"],["7403","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Athene roseoaxillaris","(Hartert, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.6","Makira Owl","Makira Owl","Makira Owl","2025-0369","<em>Ninox jacquinoti </em>(polytypic) is placed in the genus <em>Athene </em>based on genomic (Salter et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Gwee et al. 2017). <em>A. jacquinoti sensu lato </em>is further split into four species based on vocal and plumage differences (monotypic <em>A. granti</em>, monotypic <em>A. roseoaxillaris</em>, and polytypic <em>A. jacquinoti</em>), or plumage differences alone (monotypic <em>A. malaitae</em>) (Dutson 2011).","Bauro and Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45449334","solboo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solboo4","avibase-AB7D1006",null,null,"Bauro, San Cristóbal, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Spiloglaux roseoaxillaris"],["7404","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Surnia","Duméril, 1805","Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l'aide de tableaux synoptiques p.34",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Strix hudsonia [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent monotypy (Froriep, 1806, C. Dumeril's Analytische Zoologie, p. 35). = Strix caparoch Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97389#page/74/mode/1up","Surnia"],["7405","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Surnia ulula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93","Northern Hawk-Owl","Northern Hawk Owl","Northern Hawk-owl",null,null,"forested tundra, taiga, dense coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forest, and woodland and forest edges from Scandinavia eastward across Russia, northern Kazakhstan, and Mongolia to southeastern Russia and northernmost China, and southward in the Altai and Tian Shan mountains of westernmost China and adjacent Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and Alaska and northwestern Canada eastward to southeastern Canada and far northeastern US; seasonal irruptions in northern US and northern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689189","nohowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nohowl","avibase-C2018A5D",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix Ulula"],["7406","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Surnia ulula tianschanica","Smallbones, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"central Asia to northwestern and northeastern China and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-635E295C",null,null,"Xachaka Su, Dzergez, Ortok and Przewalsk, Tian Shan.","Surnia ulula tianschanica n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/41/mode/1up","Surnia ulula tianschanica"],["7407","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Surnia ulula ulula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eurasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D7A7876",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix Ulula"],["7408","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Surnia ulula caparoch","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska to Canada, Newfoundland, and far northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D755635",null,null,"Europe, error = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 62.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/89/mode/1up","Strix caparoch"],["7409","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.970",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Strix passerina [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 6).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/533/mode/1up","Glaucidium"],["7410","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium passerinum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93","Eurasian Pygmy Owl","Eurasian Pygmy-Owl","Eurasian Pygmy-owl",null,null,"lowland to montane coniferous and mixed forest, and taiga, from Scandinavia eastward to Siberia, Sakhalin, and northeastern China, and southward to mountains of central and eastern Europe and to northern Kazakhstan; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689194","eupowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eupowl1","avibase-79E2AC7C",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix passerina"],["7411","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium passerinum passerinum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia, mountains of Europe to Siberia, Sakhalin, and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22D979E3",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix passerina"],["7412","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium passerinum orientale","Taczanowski, 1891","Faune ornithologique de la Sibérie orientale 1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Siberia to northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12B5D56C",null,null,"Eastern Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/225849#page/136/mode/1up","Glaucidium passerinum orientale"],["7413","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium perlatum","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.26","Pearl-spotted Owlet","Pearl-spotted Owlet","Pearl-spotted Owlet",null,null,"lowland and foothill open savanna woodland, farmbush, riparian woodland, and gardens, from Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and southward to Zambia and western Mozambique, and from western Angola southward to southern Namibia, eastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689203","pesowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pesowl1","avibase-70CB00EC",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/34/mode/1up","Strix perlata"],["7414","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium perlatum perlatum","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5293DA6C",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/34/mode/1up","Strix perlata"],["7415","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium perlatum licua","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan and Ethiopia southward to Angola and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00FD3E54",null,null,"Cafrerie [=South Africa]; Syntype",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92528#page/14/mode/1up","Strix licua"],["7416","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.275","Northern Pygmy Owl","Northern Pygmy-Owl","Northern Pygmy-owl","2025-0370","Taxon <em>californicum </em>(polytypic), <em>cobanense </em>(monotypic), and <em>hoskinsii </em>(monotypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Glaucidium gnoma</em>, as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Variation in song appears to be clinal in some areas, and genetic data are limited to mitochondrial DNA from <em>gnoma </em>and <em>californicum </em>(Wink &amp; Heidrich 1999); formal bioacoustic analysis and comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","mature and old-growth coniferous, mixed and deciduous forest from northwestern Canada, in southern Yukon, southward to southwestern US (southern California), in Canada eastward to western Saskatchewan, southward in the Rocky Mountains to west-central US in Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and adjacent Texas; in Mexico southward in the Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental to southeastern Mexico and Guatemala eastward to northern Nicaragua; also in southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735293","nopowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nopowl","avibase-8D2303B0",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/156/mode/1up","Glaucidium Gnoma"],["7417","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma grinnelli","Ridgway, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.791, key p.781, p.xvi",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of southeastern Alaska to northern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E517D9E3",null,null,"Humboldt Bay, California.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/819/mode/1up","Glaucidium gnoma grinnelli"],["7418","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma swarthi","Grinnell, 1913","The Auk 30, no.2 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"Vancouver Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4444B83",null,null,"Errington, Vancouver Island.","Two new races of the Pygmy Owl from the Pacific coast.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol30/iss2/6/","Glaucidium gnoma swarthi"],["7419","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma californicum","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.327 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central British Columbia to southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3F31D4E",null,null,"Oregon and California, type from Calaveras County, California.","Notes on the Birds in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and other Collections in the United States of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/16/mode/1up","Glaucidium californicum"],["7420","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma pinicola","Nelson, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains (west-central USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5557BD9",null,null,"Alma, New Mexico.","A new subspecies of Pigmy Owl.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/131/mode/1up","Glaucidium gnoma pinicola"],["7421","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma gnoma","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.275",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona to highlands of Mexico (Chihuahua to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63FB826E",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/156/mode/1up","Glaucidium Gnoma"],["7422","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.2 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F57819B",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.","On three apparently new subspecies of Mexican birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss2/2/","Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii"],["7423","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium gnoma cobanense","Sharpe, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.18 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A793D41D",null,null,"Coban, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Contributions to a History of the Accipitres. Notes on Birds of Prey in the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes and in the Collection of Mons. A. Bouvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/292/mode/1up","Glaucidium cobanense"],["7424","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium costaricanum","Kelso, 1937","The Auk 54, no.3 p.304","Costa Rican Pygmy Owl","Costa Rican Pygmy-Owl","Costa Rican Pygmy-owl",null,null,"mountains of central Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729005","crpowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crpowl","avibase-B6FBDD30",null,null,"Costa Rica.","A Costa Rican Race of Jardine's Pygmy Owl","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol54/iss3/6/","Glaucidium jardinii costaricanum"],["7425","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium nubicola","Robbins & Stiles, 1999","The Auk 116, no.2 p.305-315,frontcover.","Cloud-forest Pygmy Owl","Cloud-forest Pygmy-Owl","Cloud-forest Pygmy-owl",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724604","clopyo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clopyo1","avibase-F00FC380",null,null,"Ecuador,provincia Carchi, approximately 4 km SSW Chical, S side Quebrada San José of the Río Blanco, 00 54'N,78 12'W, elevation 1,725m, 16 August 1988; collectedby Mark B. Robbins","A New Species of Pygmy-Owl (Strigidae: Glaucidium) from the Pacific Slope of the Northern Andes","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol116/iss2/3/","Glaucidium nubicola"],["7426","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium jardinii","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.654","Andean Pygmy Owl","Andean Pygmy-Owl","Andean Pygmy-owl",null,null,"Andes from Venezuela and Colombia (including the Sierra de Perijá) through Ecuador to northern Peru (north and west of the Marañón Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689222","anpowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anpowl1","avibase-431CE379",null,null,"Andes of Quito, Ecuador.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/664/mode/1up","Phalaenopsis jardinii"],["7427","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium bolivianum","König, 1991","Ökologie der Vögel 13 p.36","Yungas Pygmy Owl","Yungas Pygmy-Owl","Yungas Pygmy-owl",null,null,"east slope of the Andes from northern Peru (south and east of the Marañón Valley) southward through Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (south to Tucumán)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689229","yupowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yupowl1","avibase-230E64EB",null,null,"La Cornisa, Bergwald (Yungas) etwa 40 km nördlich der Stadt Salta, an der Landstraße von Salta nach El Carmen, bei km 1641. Argentinien. Ca. 1500 m über NN. 28. 11. 1989","Zur Taxonomie und Ökologie der Sperlingskäuze (Glaucidium spp.) des Andenraumes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Oekologie-Voegel_13_0015-0076.pdf","Glaucidium bolivianum"],["7428","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium parkeri","Robbins & Howell, 1995","Wilson Bulletin 107, no.1 p.1-6","Subtropical Pygmy Owl","Subtropical Pygmy-Owl","Subtropical Pygmy-owl",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and far northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729162","supowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/supowl1","avibase-4F3948B7",null,null,"Ecuador; Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe; Panguri, ca 12 km NE San Erancisco del Vergel, 04°37'S, 78°58'W, elevation 1600 m; 22 July 1992; collected by E Sornoza Molina","A New Species Of Pygmy-Owl (Strigidae: Glaucidium) From The Eastern Andes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52192004#page/10/mode/1up","Glaucidium parkeri"],["7429","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium griseiceps","Sharpe, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.17 p.41 pl.2 fig.2","Central American Pygmy Owl","Central American Pygmy-Owl","Central American Pygmy-owl",null,null,"southern Mexico to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729012","capowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capowl1","avibase-0F9969E8",null,null,"Veragua [Panama] and Chisec and Choctum, Guatemala, restricted to the tropical lowlands of Alta Vera Paz by Griscom, antea, p. 42.","Contributions to a History of the Accipitres. The Genus Glaucidium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/67/mode/1up","Glaucidium griseiceps"],["7430","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium sanchezi","Lowery & Newman, 1949","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 22 p.1-4","Tamaulipas Pygmy Owl","Tamaulipas Pygmy-Owl","Tamaulipas Pygmy-owl",null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southwestern Tamaulipas, eastern San Luis Potosí, and northern Hidalgo)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724465","tapowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tapowl1","avibase-7081C015",null,null,"Llano de Garzas, near Cerro Coneja, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, elev. 6800 feet.","New birds from the Sate of San Luis Potosi and the Tuxtla Mountains of Veracruz, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/15/","Glaucidium sanchezi"],["7431","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium palmarum","Nelson, 1901","The Auk 18, no.1 p.46","Colima Pygmy Owl","Colima Pygmy-Owl","Colima Pygmy-owl",null,null,"southern Sonora southward to Oaxaca, western Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729019","copowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copowl1","avibase-C831526B",null,null,"Arroyo de Juan Sanchez, Nayarit.","Descriptions of five new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss1/5/","Glaucidium palmarum"],["7432","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium hardyi","Vielliard, 1989","Revista Brasileria de Zoologia 6 p.685-693","Amazonian Pygmy Owl","Amazonian Pygmy-Owl","Amazonian Pygmy-owl",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, southeastern Peru, and Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689234","amapyo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amapyo1","avibase-65BD222F",null,null,"20 km SW Presidente Médici, Rondônia, Brasil","Uma nova espécie de Glaucidium (Aves, Strigidae) da Amazonia.","https://www.scielo.br/j/rbzool/a/GVxZsXsFrssM4Cpr8hxgxpq/?format=pdf&lang=pt","Glaucidium hardyi"],["7433","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium mooreorum","Silva, Coelho & Gonzaga, 2003","Ararajuba 10 p.123,124, frontispiece[p.121]","Pernambuco Pygmy Owl","Pernambuco Pygmy-Owl","Pernambuco Pygmy-owl",null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Pernambuco)","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733081","perpyo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perpyo1","avibase-EAFBF060",null,null,"Brazil: Pernambuco, Rio Formoso, Reserva Biológica de Saltinho, 08º44’S, 35º11’W, elevation 140 m, collected 6 November 1980 by Galileu Coelho","Discovered on the brink of extinction: a new species of Pygmy-Owl (Strigidae: Glaucidium) from Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254805348","Glaucidium mooreorum"],["7434","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium minutissimum","(Wied-Neuwied, 1830)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.1 p.242","East Brazilian Pygmy Owl","Least Pygmy-Owl","Least Pygmy-owl",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689240","leapyo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leapyo1","avibase-199C4CCF",null,null,"Interior of the State of Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/262/mode/1up","Strix minutissima"],["7435","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.289","Ferruginous Pygmy Owl","Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl","Ferruginous Pygmy-owl","2025-0371","Taxon <em>tucumanum </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Glaucidium brasilianum</em> (polytypic) based on genetic and vocal evidence. Mitochondrial DNA data show that <em>tucumanum </em>is embedded within <em>brasilianum </em>(Proudfoot et al. 2006; contra Heidrich et al. 1995) and vocal differences between them are reported to be slight (Heidrich et al. 1995).","various habitats from xeric and thorny scrub to tropical rainforest from southwestern US (southern Arizona and southernmost Texas) southward along the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes of Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to western Costa Rica and central Panama; in the lowlands of northern Colombia eastward across northern Venezuela to Trinidad and western Guyana, and east of the Andes from northern Venezuela southward across most Amazon basin, and in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil southward across eastern Bolivia to central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689248","fepowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fepowl","avibase-40EB82DA",null,null,"Brazil, Ceará suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 407.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/301/mode/1up","Strix brasiliana"],["7436","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum","Van Rossem, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA (southeastern Arizona) and western Mexico (southward to northern Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7841CD1F",null,null,"Between Guaymas and Elpalme, Sonora.","The Ferruginous Pygmy Owl of north-western Mexico and Arizona.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/49/mode/1up","Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum"],["7437","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum intermedium","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Nayarit southward to southern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F80CFBC6",null,null,"Pie de la Cuesta at the junction of 2 rivers, 14.5 km by the road east of Las Varas, Nayarit (21°12'N, 105°3'10\"W)","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/131/mode/1up","Glaucidium brasilianum intermedium"],["7438","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi","Sharpe, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.17 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (south-central USA) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D3334C",null,null,"Central America, ex Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 16, 1873, p. 93. Restricted type locality, Mexico.","Contributions to a History of the Accipitres. The Genus Glaucidium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/81/mode/1up","Glaucidium ridgwayi"],["7439","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum medianum","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical lowlands of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49C1D8B3",null,null,"Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/128/mode/1up","Glaucidium brasilianum medianum"],["7440","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum margaritae","Phelps & Phelps, 1951","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (northern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0CC55DB",null,null,"Boca de Rio, Isla de Margarita, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, at sea level","Four new Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/83/mode/1up","Glaucidium brasilianum margaritae"],["7441","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum phaloenoides","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BAC252A",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/222/mode/1up","Strix phaloenoides"],["7442","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85261F80",null,null,"Mount Duida, 4700 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Glaucidium brasilianum duidae"],["7443","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum olivaceum","Chapman, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1051 p.1-15",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Auyan-Tepuí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F32B8CF",null,null,"Mt. Auyan-Tepui, Venezuela, 1100 m.","The upper zonal birds of Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5154/","Glaucidium brasilianum olivaceum"],["7444","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum ucayalae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian southern Venezuela and Colombia and Brazil southward to southern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9CB201F",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Glaucidium brasilianum ucayalae"],["7445","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil to eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17B5623A",null,null,"Brazil, Ceará suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 407.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/301/mode/1up","Strix brasiliana"],["7446","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum pallens","Brodkorb, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.367 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D03D7FB",null,null,"Puerto Casado, Paraguay.","Five new Birds from the Paraguayan Chaco.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56806","Glaucidium brasilianum pallens"],["7447","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum stranecki","König & Wink, 1995","Journal für Ornithologie 136, no.4 p.461-465",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uruguay to central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD54677D",null,null,"Mit vier weiteren Geschwistern oberhalb Santa Rosa de Calamuchita, Provinz Córdoba, Argentinien, als Jungvogel  [=With four other siblings above Santa Rosa de Calamuchita, Córdoba Province, Argentina, as a young bird]","Eine neue Unterart des Brasil-Sperlingskauzes aus Zentralargentinien: Glaucidium brasilianum stranecki n. ssp.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251093445","Glaucidium brasilianum stranecki"],["7448","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium brasilianum tucumanum","Chapman, 1922","American Museum Novitates no.31 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Argentina (Salta and Tucumán to Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD0EA914",null,null,"Rosario de Lerma, 4800 feet, Salta, Argentina.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4602/","Glaucidium brasilianum tucumanum"],["7449","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium nana","(King, 1827)","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.427","Austral Pygmy Owl","Austral Pygmy-Owl","Austral Pygmy-owl",null,null,"Andes of southern Chile and southern Argentina; winters to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689258","aupowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aupowl1","avibase-2A67FFCB",null,null,"Port Famine Straits of Magellan.","XLV. Extracts from a letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [ ; with a Note by N. A. Vigors]'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/455/mode/1up","Strix nana"],["7450","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium peruanum","König, 1991","Ökologie der Vögel 13 p.56","Pacific Pygmy Owl","Peruvian Pygmy-Owl","Peruvian Pygmy-owl",null,null,"lowlands and foothills of southwestern Ecuador and western Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689253","pepowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pepowl1","avibase-7C26D709",null,null,"Ninabamba, Apurímac, Peru. 2100m. Gesammelt am 11.9.1939 von A. Morrison","Zur Taxonomie und Ökologie der Sperlingskäuze (Glaucidium spp.) des Andenraumes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Oekologie-Voegel_13_0015-0076.pdf","Glaucidium peruanum"],["7451","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium siju","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.41","Cuban Pygmy Owl","Cuban Pygmy-Owl","Cuban Pygmy-owl",null,null,"forest and wooded areas from lowlands to hills of Cuba and Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Pines; south of western Cuba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689262","cupowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cupowl1","avibase-51EA40FE",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/82/mode/1up","Noctua siju"],["7452","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium siju siju","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C07E299B",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/82/mode/1up","Noctua siju"],["7453","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium siju turquinense","Garrido, 2002","Solenodon 2 p.45-52",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Cuba (Pico Turquino, in southwestern Santiago de Cuba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB57B9EC",null,null,"Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, 20.viii.1917, col. Rollo Beck","Subespecie nueva de sijú platanero (Glaucidium siju) para Cuba (Aves:  Strigidae), con comentarios sobre otras especies de la familia.","https://caribbeanagroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/10Glaucidium.pdf","Glaucidium siju turquinensis"],["7454","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium siju vittatum","Ridgway, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.805, key p.782, p. xvii",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCF7A38C",null,null,"Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/833/mode/1up","Glaucidium siju vittatum"],["7455","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium tephronotum","Sharpe, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.18 p.260","Red-chested Owlet","Red-chested Owlet","Red-chested Owlet",null,null,"patchily distributed in lowland and foothill rainforest, forest-scrub mosaic; and secondary forest, from Sierra Leone and Liberia eastward to Ghana, and from southern Cameroon eastward to southwestern Kenya, and southward to Gabon, and south-central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689267","recowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recowl1","avibase-E05A96F3",null,null,"'Said to be from South America.' error = West Africa. 1","Contributions to a History of the Accipitres. Notes on Birds of Prey in the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes and in the Collection of Mons. A. Bouvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/292/mode/1up","Glaucidium tephronotum"],["7456","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium tephronotum tephronotum","Sharpe, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.18 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"equatorial forest of Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24C37DD7",null,null,"'Said to be from South America.' error = West Africa. 1","Contributions to a History of the Accipitres. Notes on Birds of Prey in the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes and in the Collection of Mons. A. Bouvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/292/mode/1up","Glaucidium tephronotum"],["7457","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium tephronotum pycrafti","Bates, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.85 [pl.7]",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of southern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A46C897F",null,null,"Bitye, Cameroon.","Exhibition and description of two new species of birds from Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/113/mode/1up","Glaucidium pycrafti"],["7458","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium tephronotum medje","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"middle Congo River Basin, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21197E69",null,null,"Medje, Ituri Forest, Belgian Congo.","Fourteen new birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Glaucidium tephronotum medje"],["7459","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium sjostedti","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.4 p.65","Sjöstedt's Barred Owlet","Sjöstedt's Owlet","Sjostedt's Owlet",null,null,"lowlands of southwestern Cameroon to Gabon, northern Congo, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689271","sjoowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sjoowl1","avibase-9C464D6F",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain.","Glaucidium sjöstedti n. sp. von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/79/mode/1up","Glaucidium sjöstedti"],["7460","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.1 text to pl.4","Asian Barred Owlet","Asian Barred Owlet","Asian Barred Owlet",null,null,"lowland to submontane pine and oak forest, evergreen jungle, scrub, and gardens, from northeastern Pakistan and northwestern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to central and eastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Thailand and Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689277","asbowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asbowl1","avibase-75E76449",null,null,"Himalayas, i.e. Simla-Almora district.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/33/mode/1up","Noctua cuculoïdes"],["7461","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides cuculoides","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.1 text to pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (northeastern Pakistan and Kashmir to western Sikkim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74C95A98",null,null,"Himalayas, i.e. Simla-Almora district.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/33/mode/1up","Noctua cuculoïdes"],["7462","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides austerum","Ripley, 1948","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 33 p.199-202",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sikkim to Bhutan, northeastern Assam, and northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9952B836",null,null,"Tezu, Mishmi Hills, N. E. Assam [=Tezu, Mishmi hills, Arunachal Pradesh.]","Notes on Indian birds. II. The species Glaucidium cuculoides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214533#page/254/mode/1up","Glaucidium cuculoides austerum"],["7463","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides rufescens","Stuart Baker, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5BB1C9F",null,null,"Noong-zai-ban, Manipur.","Remarks on Oriental Owls, with descriptions of four new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/93/mode/1up","Glaucidium cuculoides rufescens"],["7464","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides whiteleyi","(Blyth, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"Sichuan, Yunnan and southeastern China south of Yangtze to northeastern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2844B8DA",null,null,"Japan, error = China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/341/mode/1up","Athene Whitelyi"],["7465","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides persimile","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18BDB8C3",null,null,"Five-Finger Mountains, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/225/mode/1up","Glaucidium cuculoides persimile"],["7466","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides delacouri","Ripley, 1948","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 33 p.199-202",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B7D9434",null,null,"Baetan Tray, 36 km NNE of Lai Chau, Tongking, Indo-China [Vietnam]","Notes on Indian birds. II. The species Glaucidium cuculoides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214533#page/255/mode/1up","Glaucidium cuculoides delacouri"],["7467","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides deignani","Ripley, 1948","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 33 p.199-202",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C250A5F",null,null,"Nongkhor, Southeast Siam, by Hugh M. Smith Feb. 12, 1927","Notes on Indian birds. II. The species Glaucidium cuculoides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214533#page/254/mode/1up","Glaucidium cuculoides deignani"],["7468","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium cuculoides bruegeli","(Parrot, 1908)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 8(1907) p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D231C1C4",null,null,"Bangkok, Siam.","Über eine Vogelsammlung aus Siam und Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35430#page/112/mode/1up","Athene cuculoides brügeli"],["7469","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium castanopterum","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.140","Javan Owlet","Javan Owlet","Javan Owlet",null,null,"Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689280","javowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javowl1","avibase-1EF140AD",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/159/mode/1up","Strix castanoptera"],["7470","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium radiatum","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.572","Jungle Owlet","Jungle Owlet","Jungle Owlet",null,null,"lowland to montane dense deciduous forest, scrub, and bamboo, from northwestern India and southern Nepal eastward to Bhutan, and southward to Bangladesh, southern India, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689283","junowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/junowl1","avibase-1986F1AB",null,null,"Jungles of Borahbum and Dholbhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/630/mode/1up","Strix Radiata"],["7471","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium radiatum radiatum","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas to Bhutan, India, western Myanmar, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53415627",null,null,"Jungles of Borahbum and Dholbhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/630/mode/1up","Strix Radiata"],["7472","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium radiatum malabaricum","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66E875EC",null,null,"Malabar Coast and Travancore.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/408/mode/1up","Athene malabaricus"],["7473","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium castanotum","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 19, no.7 p.509","Chestnut-backed Owlet","Chestnut-backed Owlet","Chestnut-backed Owlet",null,null,"forest of wet zone of Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689286","chbowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbowl1","avibase-9CBF957F",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124004#page/537/mode/1up","Ath[ene] castanotus"],["7474","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium capense","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.313","African Barred Owlet","African Barred Owlet",null,"2025-0391","Taxon <em>castaneum </em>and taxon <em>etchecopari </em>are both treated as conspecific with <em>Glaucidium capense</em> based on available data. Vocalizations of <em>castaneum </em>have not been documented, but those of <em>etchecopari </em>are similar to <em>capense </em>(Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993); morphological differences between all three taxa are slight, suggesting they are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","disjunctly in lowland and foothill woodland, riparian and coastal forest, and edge habitat in open country, from Liberia and Ivory Coast eastward to Benin, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda, and from southern Somalia southward through coastal Kenya, southern and eastern Tanzania and Mafia Island, and Zambia to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa, and of south-central South Africa",null,null,null,"afbowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afbowl1","avibase-77FEB897",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/333/mode/1up","Noctua Capensis"],["7475","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium capense etchecopari","Érard & Roux, 1983","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 53 p.102 [97-104]",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily distributed in Liberia and Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B576B1C",null,null,"Lamto-N'douci, Côte d'Ivoire","La chevêchette du cap Glaucidium capense dans l'ouest africain. Description d'une race géographique nouvelle.","https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/global_owl_project/descriptions/Glaucidium/Glaucidium%20capense%20etchecopari%20(Erard%20&%20Roux)%201983,%20Oiseau%20et%20Revue%20Francaise%20d%27Ornithologie,%2053,.PDF","Glaucidium capense etchecopari"],["7476","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium capense castaneum","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.4 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Semliki Valley) and southwestern Uganda (Bwamba Forest); records from southern Cameroon, southwestern Central African Republic, and Congo may refer to this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADBC9DA4",null,null,"Andundi, Belgian Congo.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika (Schluss von S. 29-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/76/mode/1up","Glaucidium castaneum"],["7477","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium capense scheffleri","Neumann, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern coastal Somalia, eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB27CEDE",null,null,"Kibwezi, Ukamba, Tanganyika Territory.","Glaucidium capense scheffleri n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/200/mode/1up","Gaucidium capense scheffleri"],["7478","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium capense ngamiense","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to central Tanzania (including Mafia Island), southward to Angola, northern Namibia, northern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA82FCA1",null,null,"Maun, Ngamiland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Smithiglaux capensis ngamiensis"],["7479","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium capense capense","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal and eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABDE9103",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/333/mode/1up","Noctua Capensis"],["7480","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Glaucidium albertinum","Prigogine, 1983","Revue Zoologique Africaine 97 p.886-895","Albertine Owlet","Albertine Owlet","Albertine Owlet",null,null,"poorly known; reported from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe Mountains and forest west of Lake Edward) and northern Rwanda",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689310","albowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/albowl1","avibase-AFD0411D",null,null,"Musangakye alt: 1690 m [Congo (Léopoldville)]","Un nouveau Glaucidium de l'Afrique centrale (Aves, Strigidae).",null,"Glaucidium albertinum"],["7481","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus","Pennant, 1769","Indian Zoology p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Otus bakkamoena [Pennant, 1769]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/9/mode/1up","Otus"],["7482","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sagittatus","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.121","White-fronted Scops Owl","White-fronted Scops-Owl","White-fronted Scops-owl",null,null,"southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, and Malayan Peninsula",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688548","wfsowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfsowl2","avibase-379A4F94",null,null,"India ? = Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/145/mode/1up","Ephialtes sagittatus"],["7483","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus balli","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.407","Andaman Scops Owl","Andaman Scops-Owl","Andaman Scops-owl",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688573","ansowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ansowl1","avibase-8E1E400D",null,null,"South Andaman Island.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/435/mode/1up","Ephialtes Balli"],["7484","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus rufescens","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.140","Reddish Scops Owl","Reddish Scops-Owl","Reddish Scops-owl",null,null,"primary and logged lowland forest from southern peninsular Thailand southward through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Bangka (off southeast), far western Java, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688554","resowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resowl1","avibase-7380A531",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/159/mode/1up","Strix rufescens"],["7485","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus rufescens malayensis","Hachisuka, 1934","The birds of the Philippine Islands, with notes on the mammal fauna vol.2 pt3 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1FDF708",null,null,"Mt. Ophir, Malacca, Malay Peninsula.",null,null,"Otus rufescens malayensis"],["7486","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus rufescens rufescens","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra including Bangka (off southeast), Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77AC0816",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/159/mode/1up","Strix rufescens"],["7487","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus thilohoffmanni","Warakagoda & Rasmussen, 2004","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124 p.87","Serendib Scops Owl","Serendib Scops-Owl","Serendib Scops-owl",null,null,"lowland rainforest of southwest Sri Lanka",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732040","sersco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sersco1","avibase-03502D31",null,null,"Morapitiya-Runakanda Proposed Reserve (06°29’N, 80°18’E, 100 m az.s.l.), Sri Lanka, collected 9 November 2002 by Deepal H. Warakagoda, Kithsiri Gunawardena, Nanda Senanayake, Udaya Sirivardana and Niran M. C. Caldera","A new species of scops-owl from Sri Lanka","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123799#page/99/mode/1up","Otus thilohoffmanni"],["7488","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus icterorhynchus","(Shelley, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.138","Sandy Scops Owl","Sandy Scops-Owl","Sandy Scops-owl",null,null,"lowland humid forest, forest borders, and forest-shrub-grassland mosaic in western Africa, from eastern Liberia, adjacent Guinea, and western Ivory Coast eastward to southern Cameroon, Gabon, northern Republic of Congo to northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688559","sasowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sasowl1","avibase-9CD0C8FE",null,null,"Fanti, Gold Coast.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/160/mode/1up","Scops icterorhynchus"],["7489","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus icterorhynchus icterorhynchus","(Shelley, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E74E20AD",null,null,"Fanti, Gold Coast.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/160/mode/1up","Scops icterorhynchus"],["7490","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus icterorhynchus holerythrus","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to northern Congo, northern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F91114E",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","New birds from the Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/260/mode/1up","Scops holerythra"],["7491","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus ireneae","Ripley, 1966","Ibis vol.108, no.1 p.136","Sokoke Scops Owl","Sokoke Scops-Owl","Sokoke Scops-owl",null,null,"eastern Kenya (Sokoke Forest) and northeastern Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688565","sosowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sosowl1","avibase-75194A63",null,null,"Kilifi, Sokoke Forest, Kenya","A notable owlet from Kenya.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1966.tb07260.x","Otus ireneae"],["7492","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus alfredi","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.3 p.527","Flores Scops Owl","Flores Scops-Owl","Flores Scops-owl",null,null,"Flores (Lesser Sundas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724396","flsowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flsowl1","avibase-B25E9418",null,null,"Repok Mts., above 3500 feet, Flores.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/575/mode/1up","Pisorhina alfredi"],["7493","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.8","Mountain Scops Owl","Mountain Scops-Owl",null,null,null,"foothill to submontane evergreen forest and oak woodland, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,"mosowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mosowl2","avibase-A0AD0888",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/130/mode/1up","Ephialtes spilocephalus"],["7494","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus huttoni","(Hume, 1870)","My scrapbook: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (northern Pakistan to central Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B74469E6",null,null,"Near Mussoorie, Garhwal and below Simla, i.e. Jerripani, Mussoorie.",null,null,"Ephialtes Huttoni"],["7495","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus spilocephalus","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (central Nepal to Arunachal Pradesh and Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EB282D9",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/130/mode/1up","Ephialtes spilocephalus"],["7496","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus latouchi","(Rickett, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thailand and Laos to southeastern China and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4981FFA3",null,null,"Ah Chung, Fukien.","[Exhibition of a very distinct new species of Scops Owl].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/88/mode/1up","Scops latouchi"],["7497","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus hambroecki","(Swinhoe, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.6, no.32 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DCD655A",null,null,"Formosa.","XI. On four new Species of Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93156#page/164/mode/1up","Ephialtes Hambroecki"],["7498","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus siamensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1922","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 pt4 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Thailand to southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAF9E247",null,null,"Bandon, 3500 feet, Kao Nong, Siam.","Three new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/279/mode/1up","Otus luciae siamensis"],["7499","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus vulpes","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBAA8403",null,null,"Gunong Tahan, 5300 feet, Malay Peninsula.","Description of new Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/435/mode/1up","Heteroscops vulpes"],["7500","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus vandewateri","(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society no.73 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96DD0FC1",null,null,"Korinchi Peak, 7300 feet, Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and sub-species of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb.-June 1914.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130712#page/325/mode/1up","Pisorhina vandewateri"],["7501","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus spilocephalus luciae","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.478",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5786007A",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo.","Diagnoses of some new Species of Birds obtained on the Mountain of Kina Balu by Mr. John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/506/mode/1up","Scops luciae"],["7502","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brookii","(Sharpe, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.4","Rajah Scops Owl","Rajah Scops-Owl","Rajah Scops-owl",null,null,"montane forest of Sumatra and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688703","rasowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rasowl1","avibase-1F80C7AB",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo.","New Bornean birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/30/mode/1up","Scops brookii"],["7503","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brookii solokensis","(Hartert, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.8 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F4D4FC5",null,null,"Solok Mountains [i.e. Padang Highlands] Sumatra.","[A new Scops-Owl from the hills of Solok on the west coast of Sumatra].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/65/mode/1up","Pisorhina solokensis"],["7504","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brookii brookii","(Sharpe, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F72F085",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo.","New Bornean birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/30/mode/1up","Scops brookii"],["7505","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus angelinae","(Finsch, 1912)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.156","Javan Scops Owl","Javan Scops-Owl","Javan Scops-owl",null,null,"mountains of Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688591","jasowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jasowl2","avibase-3351369D",null,null,"Pangerango Mountain, 6000 feet, Java.","Über eine neue Art Zwergohreule von Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/174/mode/1up","Pisorhina angelinae"],["7506","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mentawi","Chasen & Kloss, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.279","Mentawai Scops Owl","Mentawai Scops-Owl","Mentawai Scops-owl",null,null,"Mentawai Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688713","mesowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mesowl1","avibase-55EE7DEF",null,null,"Sipora Island.","Spolia Mentawiensis. - Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07583.x","Otus bakkamoena mentawi"],["7507","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus bakkamoena","Pennant, 1769","Indian Zoology p.3 pl.3","Indian Scops Owl","Indian Scops-Owl","Indian Scops-owl",null,null,"dry forest, woodland, and cultivated areas in the sub-Himalayan Indian Subcontinent, from northwestern Pakistan and the Indus River basin eastward to southern Bhutan, and southward through the Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61855263","insowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/insowl1","avibase-489F3A6A",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/9/mode/1up","Otus bakkamoena"],["7508","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus bakkamoena deserticolor","Ticehurst, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Pakistan and (?) southeastern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-888FFDE0",null,null,"Hyderabad, Sind.","Descriptions of new races of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/344/mode/1up","Otus bakkamoena deserticolor"],["7509","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus bakkamoena gangeticus","Ticehurst, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India to lowlands of Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45227F42",null,null,"Fatehgarh, United Provinces.","Descriptions of new races of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/344/mode/1up","Otus bakkamoena gangeticus"],["7510","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus bakkamoena marathae","Ticehurst, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CA1A567",null,null,"Raipur, Central Provinces.","Descriptions of new races of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/344/mode/1up","Otus bakkamoena marathae"],["7511","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus bakkamoena bakkamoena","Pennant, 1769","Indian Zoology p.3 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-453AD125",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/9/mode/1up","Otus bakkamoena"],["7512","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lettia","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.176","Collared Scops Owl","Collared Scops-Owl",null,"2025-1111","Subspecies taxonomy within <em>Otus lettia </em>and <em>Otus lempiji</em> follows Wu &amp; Rheindt (2023), who clarified vocal differences between them. As a result, taxon <em>cnephaeus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>O. lettia</em>. This results in a substantial change in range, since the population of the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra was formerly ascribed to <em>Otus lempiji</em>.","lowland to submontane forest, second growth, open scrub, and gardens, from northern Pakistan eastward across submontane Himalayas to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward through southeastern Asia to the Malayan Peninsula and Singapore",null,null,null,"cosowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cosowl1","avibase-A2EF15D7",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/226/mode/1up","Scops lettia"],["7513","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lettia plumipes","(Hume, 1870)","My scrapbook: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (northern Pakistan to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD97323A",null,null,"Murree, Kotegurh and Garhwal, i.e. Murree.",null,null,"Ephialtes Plumipes"],["7514","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lettia lettia","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal, northeastern India (south to Odisha and northeastern Ghats), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-130DF2CA",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/226/mode/1up","Scops lettia"],["7515","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lettia erythrocampe","(Swinhoe, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.16 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China and northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F754BA44",null,null,"Canton, China",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/311/mode/1up","Lempijius erythrocampe"],["7516","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lettia glabripes","(Swinhoe, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.6, no.32 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD8CAFCE",null,null,"South China and Formosa.","XI. On four new Species of Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93156#page/163/mode/1up","Ephialtes glabripes"],["7517","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lettia umbratilis","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.342,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04B0DB44",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/364/mode/1up","Ephialtes umbratilis"],["7518","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lettia cnephaeus","Deignan, 1950","The Auk 67, no.2 p.195",null,null,null,"2025-1111","Subspecies taxonomy within <em>Otus lettia </em>and <em>Otus lempiji</em> follows Wu &amp; Rheindt (2023), who clarified vocal differences between them. As a result, taxon <em>cnephaeus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>O. lettia</em>. This results in a substantial change in range, since the population of the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra was formerly ascribed to <em>Otus lempiji</em>.","Malayan Peninsula, from south of the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ED854A5",null,null,"Rumpin River, southern Pahang State, Malaya","The races of the Collared Scops Owl, Otus bakkamoena Pennant.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol67/iss2/4/","Otus bakkamoena cnephaeus"],["7519","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus gurneyi","(Tweeddale, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.4 p.940 pl.58","Giant Scops Owl","Giant Scops-Owl","Giant Scops-owl",null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Dinagat, and Siargao)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688911","mineao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mineao1","avibase-D3CA5C26",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett at Zamboanga, in the island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/568/mode/1up","Pseudoptynx gurneyi"],["7520","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lempiji","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.140","Sunda Scops Owl","Sunda Scops-Owl",null,"2025-1111","Subspecies taxonomy within <em>Otus lettia </em>and <em>Otus lempiji</em> follows Wu &amp; Rheindt (2023), who clarified vocal differences between them. As a result, taxon <em>cnephaeus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>O. lettia</em>. This results in a substantial change in range, since the population of the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra was formerly ascribed to <em>Otus lempiji</em>.","lowland to submontane second-growth forest, plantation, villages, and wooded gardens, on Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, and outlying islands, including Côn Sơn Island (off southern Vietnam)",null,null,null,"susowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/susowl2","avibase-0C3E5285",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/159/mode/1up","Srix Lempiji"],["7521","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lempiji lempiji","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung, Java, Bali, and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98A6BD99",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/159/mode/1up","Srix Lempiji"],["7522","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lempiji hypnodes","Deignan, 1950","The Auk 67, no.2 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0F0E01E",null,null,"Pulau Pagang, an island off the mouth of the Siak River, eastern Sumatra","The races of the Collared Scops Owl, Otus bakkamoena Pennant.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol67/iss2/4/","Otus bakkamoena hypnodes"],["7523","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lempiji lemurum","Deignan, 1957","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70, no.8 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Sarawak (northern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FE5AB57",null,null,"Kanowit, Sarawak","A trio of new birds from tropical Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/59/mode/1up","Otus asio lemurum"],["7524","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lempiji kangeanus","Mayr, 1938","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 14 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2CC8271",null,null,"Kangean Island.","Notes on a collection of Birds from South Borneo.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328891/em-notes-on-a-collection-of-birds-from-south-em-borneo","Otus bakkamoena kangeana"],["7525","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus lempiji condorensis","Kloss, 1930","Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement 8 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Con Son Island, Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-287A8688",null,null,"Pulo Condor.","A second collection of Birds from Pulo Condore.","https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NHBSS_008_2b_Robinson_ASecondCollectio.pdf","Otus bakkamoena condorensis"],["7526","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus semitorques","Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.24 pl.8","Japanese Scops Owl","Japanese Scops-Owl","Japanese Scops-owl",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, and wooded plains and hills, from Sakhalin and Ussuriland (Russia), northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula, and eastward to Japan southward to southern Ryukyu Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61859151","jasowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jasowl1","avibase-BFE3F4EA",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/34/mode/1up","Otus semitorques"],["7527","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus semitorques ussuriensis","(Buturlin, 1910)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 1, no.2 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin Island, Ussuriland, and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5573DB92",null,null,"Khanka Lake, Ussuriland.","Scops semitorques ussuriensis nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/167/mode/1up","Scops semitorques ussuriensis"],["7528","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus semitorques semitorques","Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.24 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kuril Islands and Hokkaido southward to Yakushima (Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDCCA31C",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/34/mode/1up","Otus semitorques"],["7529","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus semitorques pryeri","(Gurney, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa southward to Iriomote, southern Japan), Hachijohima (southern Izu Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1776EFA6",null,null,"Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands.","On an apparently undescribed Species of Owl from the Liu Kiu (or Loo Choo) Islands, proposed to be called Scops pryeri.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/332/mode/1up","Scops pryeri"],["7530","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus silvicola","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.487","Wallace's Scops Owl","Wallace's Scops-Owl","Wallace's Scops-owl",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa and Flores)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688734","wasowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wasowl1","avibase-171CE5C6",null,null,"Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/587/mode/1up","Scops silvicola"],["7531","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus fuliginosus","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.22 p.197","Palawan Scops Owl","Palawan Scops-Owl","Palawan Scops-owl",null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688718","pasowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pasowl2","avibase-FDDACB60",null,null,"Vicinity of Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/225/mode/1up","Scops fuliginosa"],["7532","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus megalotis","(Walden, 1875)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.2 p.145","Philippine Scops Owl","Philippine Scops-Owl","Luzon Lowland Scops-owl",null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Catanduanes, and Marinduque)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727655","phsowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phsowl1","avibase-7D1ACC3E",null,null,"Manilla (?)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/197/mode/1up","Scops megalotis"],["7533","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus everetti","(Tweeddale, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.4 p.942","Everett's Scops Owl","Everett's Scops-Owl","Mindanao Lowland Scops-owl",null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Mindanao, and Basilan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725053","evesco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/evesco1","avibase-000E026B",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett at Zamboanga, in the island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/570/mode/1up","Scops everetti"],["7534","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus nigrorum","Rand, 1950","Natural History Miscellanea no.72 p.1-5","Negros Scops Owl","Negros Scops-Owl","Visayan Scops-owl",null,null,"Philippines (Panay and Negros)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725062","negsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/negsco1","avibase-E311114A",null,null,"Lake Balinsasyao, Negros Island, Philippine Islands","A new race of owl, Otus bakkamoena from Negros, Philippine Islands.",null,"Otus bakkamoena nigrorum"],["7535","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mindorensis","(Whitehead, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.17 p.98","Mindoro Scops Owl","Mindoro Scops-Owl","Mindoro Scops-owl",null,null,"montane forest of Mindoro (Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688608","misowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/misowl2","avibase-96AC0528",null,null,"Highlands of Mindoro.","Field-notes on Birds collected in the Philippine Islands in 1893-6.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/140/mode/1up","Scops mindorensis"],["7536","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus","(Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt4 p.110,note","Moluccan Scops Owl","Moluccan Scops-Owl","Moluccan Scops-owl","2025-0392, 2025-0393, 2025-0394","2025-0392)) Taxon <em>mendeni</em>, sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>Otus magicus</em>, or of <em>O. manadensis</em>, is recognized as a monotypic species on the basis of vocal differences (Rheindt et al. 2010; Eaton et al. 2016). 2025-0393)) Although sometimes treated as a subspecies within <em>Otus manadensis</em>, taxon <em>kalidupae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Otus magicus</em> based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016; O'Connell et al. 2020). 2025-0394)) Taxon <em>tempestatis</em> (monotypic) is split from <em>Otus magicus</em> on the basis of its different vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016).","Moluccas and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219588044","mosowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mosowl1","avibase-8FE1266A",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/126/mode/1up","Strix magica"],["7537","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus kalidupae","(Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.21",null,null,null,"2025-0393","Although sometimes treated as a subspecies within <em>Otus manadensis</em>, taxon <em>kalidupae</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Otus magicus</em> based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016; O'Connell et al. 2020).","Kaledupa Island (Tukangbesi Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04AA53BB",null,null,"Kalidupa Island, Tukang Besi Islands.","On the Birds collected on the Tukang-Besi Islands and Buton, south-east of Celebes, by Mr. Heinrich Kühn.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/35/mode/1up","Pisorhina manadensis kalidupae"],["7538","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus morotensis","(Sharpe, 1875)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 p.75 pl.7 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai and Ternate)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-676C5335",null,null,"Morotai, Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34313#page/91/mode/1up","Scops morotensis"],["7539","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus leucospilus","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Kasiruta, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FD139F9",null,null,"Batjan and Halmahera, Moluccas. Type from Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/442/mode/1up","Ephialtes leucospila"],["7540","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus obira","Jany, 1955","Journal für Ornithologie 96, no.1 p.102-106",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi Island (central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3E0D50D",null,null,"Madopolo auf Obi-Bisa, North Moluccas","Neue Vogel-formen von den Nord-Molukken.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01961176","Otus magicus obira"],["7541","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus bouruensis","(Sharpe, 1875)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 p.73, pl. 7, f. 2.",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-502461B1",null,null,"Buru [Indonesia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34313#page/89/mode/1up","Scops bouruensis"],["7542","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus magicus","(Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt4 p.110,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram and Ambon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5F497CD",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/126/mode/1up","Strix magica"],["7543","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus magicus albiventris","(Sharpe, 1875)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 p.78 pl.8 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Flores, Besar, and Lomblen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6D8A6F6",null,null,"Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34313#page/94/mode/1up","Scops albiventris"],["7544","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus tempestatis","(Hartert, 1904)","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.190","Wetar Scops Owl","Wetar Scops-Owl","Wetar Scops-owl","2025-0394","Taxon <em>tempestatis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Otus magicus</em> on the basis of different vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016).","Wetar (Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45400982","molsco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molsco2","avibase-B4C59425",null,null,"Wetar Island.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/204/mode/1up","Pisorhina manadensis tempestatis"],["7545","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus jolandae","Sangster, King, Verbelen & Trainor, 2013","PLoS ONE 8, no.2 e53712","Rinjani Scops Owl","Rinjani Scops-Owl","Rinjani Scops-owl",null,null,"Lombok (Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61786867","rinsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinsco1","avibase-A5AE0987",null,null,"Lombok, 1500 ft, male, collected by A. Everett, May 1896","A New Owl Species of the Genus Otus (Aves: Strigidae) from Lombok, Indonesia","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0053712","Otus jolandae"],["7546","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus podarginus","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.90","Palau Scops Owl","Palau Scops-Owl","Palau Owl","2025-0374","<em>Pyrroglaux podargina </em>(monotypic) is placed in the genus <em>Otus </em>(polytypic) based on genomic evidence (Salter et al. 2020), as <em>Otus podarginus</em>.","lowlands of Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688899","palowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palowl2","avibase-B0AC0750",null,null,"Palau Islands.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/120/mode/1up","Noctua podargina"],["7547","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mantananensis","(Sharpe, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.4","Mantanani Scops Owl","Mantanani Scops-Owl","Mantanani Scops-owl",null,null,"small islands of west-central and southern Philippines, and Mantanani Island (off northwest coast of Sabah, northeastern Borneo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688656","masowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masowl2","avibase-C310E372",null,null,"Mantanani Island, Borneo","New Bornean birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/30/mode/1up","Scops mantananensis"],["7548","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mantananensis mantananensis","(Sharpe, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Mantanani Island (off Borneo); Rasa, and Ursula islands (off Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCD17A2A",null,null,"Mantanani Island, Borneo","New Bornean birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/30/mode/1up","Scops mantananensis"],["7549","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mantananensis cuyensis","McGregor, 1904","Bulletin of the Philippine Museum no.4 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Cuyo, Dicabaito, and Linapacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F8E6E71",null,null,"Cuyo Island, Paragua Province, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/30/mode/1up","Otus cuyensis"],["7550","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mantananensis romblonis","McGregor, 1905","Bureau of Government Laboratories 25 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Philippines (Romblon, Tablas, Sibuyan, Banton, and Semirara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E881377",null,null,"Romblon.","I. Birds from the islands of Romblon, Sibuyan and Crista de Gallo II. Further notes on birds from Ticao, Cuyo, Culion, Calayan, Lubang and Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/107/mode/1up","Otus romblonis"],["7551","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mantananensis sibutuensis","(Sharpe, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.12 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sulu Islands (Sibutu and Tumindao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC407A3D",null,null,"Sibutu Island, Philippines.","Four new species from the Sulu Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/107/mode/1up","Scops sibutuensis"],["7552","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus elegans","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.185","Ryukyu Scops Owl","Ryukyu Scops-Owl","Ryukyu Scops-owl",null,null,"Ryukyu Islands, Daito Islands, and Okinoshima, off south Kyushu (southern Japan) and Taiwan, to far northern Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688651","ryusco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ryusco1","avibase-3B290974",null,null,"At sea off the coast of Japan, lat. 29° 4r N., long. 126° 13' 20' E.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/207/mode/1up","Ephialtes elegans"],["7553","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus elegans interpositus","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Daito Islands (east of central Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8192673",null,null,"Minami-Daitojima [i.e. South Borodino Island], Borodino Islands.","Description of new forms from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/528/mode/1up","Otus japonicus interpositus"],["7554","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus elegans elegans","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58EF3382",null,null,"At sea off the coast of Japan, lat. 29° 4r N., long. 126° 13' 20' E.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/207/mode/1up","Ephialtes elegans"],["7555","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus elegans botelensis","Kuroda, 1928","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 5, no.25 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Lan-yü Island (off southeastern Taiwan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7223856F",null,null,"Kotosho or Botel Tobago [Orchid Island, Lanyu, Taiwan]","Some new additions to the avifauna of Formosa and the Island of Botel Tobago.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.5.25_en25","Otus sunia botelensis"],["7556","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus elegans calayensis","McGregor, 1904","Bulletin of the Philippine Museum no.4 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Batan and Babuyan island groups, including Itbayat, Batan, Sabtang, Calayan, and Camiguin Norte (far northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8371436C",null,null,"Calayan Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119833#page/76/mode/1up","Otus calayensis"],["7557","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus manadensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.170 AtlasOis. pl.2 fig.2","Sulawesi Scops Owl","Sulawesi Scops-Owl","Sulawesi Scops-owl","2025-0392, 2025-0393","2025-0392)) Taxon <em>mendeni</em>, sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>Otus magicus</em>, or of <em>O. manadensis</em>, is recognized as a monotypic species on the basis of vocal differences (Rheindt et al. 2010; Eaton et al. 2016). 2025-0393)) Although sometimes treated as a subspecies within <em>Otus manadensis</em>, taxon <em>kalidupae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Otus magicus</em> based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016; O'Connell et al. 2020).","Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219587216","susowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/susowl1","avibase-DCE22075",null,null,"Manado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/228/mode/1up","Scops manadensis"],["7558","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mendeni","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.106","Banggai Scops Owl","Banggai Scops-Owl","Banggai Scops-owl","2025-0392","Taxon <em>mendeni</em>, sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>Otus magicus</em>, or of <em>O. manadensis</em>, is recognized as a monotypic species on the basis of vocal differences (Rheindt et al. 2010; Eaton et al. 2016).","Peleng and Labobo, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62290488","sulsco5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulsco5","avibase-5DB57235",null,null,"Peling Island, east of Celebes","Six new Races from Peling.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/136/mode/1up","Otus manadensis mendeni"],["7559","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus collari","Lambert & Rasmussen, 1998","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 118 p.207 [207-217]","Sangihe Scops Owl","Sangihe Scops-Owl","Sangihe Scops-owl",null,null,"Sangihe Islands (north of Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732046","sansco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sansco1","avibase-8AC9C51A",null,null,"“Sangir’’ (exact locality not given, but the island is centred at 3°35’N, 125°32’E), collected 2 January 1887 by Dr C. Platen","A new Scops Owl from Sangihe Island, Indonesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123804#page/613/mode/1up","Otus collari"],["7560","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus siaoensis","(Schlegel, 1873)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.10 AvesNoctuae no.36 p.13","Siau Scops Owl","Siau Scops-Owl","Siau Scops-owl",null,null,"Siau Island (off northern Sulawesi); possibly extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728599","sulsco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulsco2","avibase-07BB7971",null,null,"Siao Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/319/mode/1up","Scops siaoënsis"],["7561","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sulaensis","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.2 p.126","Sula Scops Owl","Sula Scops-Owl","Sula Scops-owl",null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62290539","sulsco3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulsco3","avibase-61264002",null,null,"Island of Sula Mangoli (=Mangole)","List of a collection of birds made in the Sula Islands by William Doherty.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/142/mode/1up","Pisorhina sulaensis"],["7562","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus beccarii","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.906","Biak Scops Owl","Biak Scops-Owl","Biak Scops-owl",null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724754","biasco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biasco1","avibase-BE2C3A1F",null,null,"Sowek, Mysore Island [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/912/mode/1up","Scops beccarii"],["7563","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus umbra","(Richmond, 1903)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.494","Simeulue Scops Owl","Simeulue Scops-Owl","Simeulue Scops-owl",null,null,"Simeulue Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688586","sisowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sisowl1","avibase-CD22C7D7",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/554/mode/1up","Pisorhina umbra"],["7564","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus enganensis","Riley, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.93","Enggano Scops Owl","Enggano Scops-Owl","Enggano Scops-owl",null,null,"Enggano Island (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724390","ensowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ensowl1","avibase-312BF279",null,null,"Engano Island. [Enggano Island, W. Sumatra]","Description of a new Owl from Engano Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/119/mode/1up","Otus umbra enganensis"],["7565","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus alius","Rasmussen, 1998","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 118 p.143 [143-151 pl.3]","Nicobar Scops Owl","Nicobar Scops-Owl","Nicobar Scops-owl",null,null,"Great Nicobar Island (southern Nicobar Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728447","nicsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicsco1","avibase-29998B5F",null,null,"Campbell Bay, Great Nicobar Island, India. [=Campbell Bay, Great Nicobar Island.]","A new Scops-owl from Great Nicobar Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123804#page/543/mode/1up","Otus alius"],["7566","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus pamelae","Bates, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.150","Arabian Scops Owl","Arabian Scops-Owl","Arabian Scops-owl",null,null,"southern Arabian Peninsula, from southwestern Saudi Arabia to Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61915442","arasco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arasco1","avibase-FB19E285",null,null,"Dailami, Wadi Bisha, Arabia.","Descriptions of two new races of Arabian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/192/mode/1up","Otus senegalensis pamelae"],["7567","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus scops","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92","Eurasian Scops Owl","Eurasian Scops-Owl","Eurasian Scops-owl",null,null,"open and semi-open woodland from western Russia and northeastern Europe southward to the Iberian Peninsula, southern Europe, including islands in the Mediterranean sea, and northwestern Africa, eastward across eastern Europe, Türkiye, the Middle East, Iran, northern Afghanistan, western Pakistan, and Central Asia to western China, south-central Russia, and adjacent Mongolia; winters south of the Sahara from Senegal and southern Mauritania eastward to Kenya, Ethiopia, and western Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155019854","eursco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eursco1","avibase-2C7AA154",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Scops"],["7568","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus scops scops","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"France and Mediterranean islands to Volga River, northern Greece, and Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE018F22",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Scops"],["7569","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus scops mallorcae","Jordans, 1923","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 19 Sonderheft p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, northern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2C470D3",null,null,"Alcudia, Mallorca.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/371/mode/1up","Otus scops mallorcae"],["7570","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus scops cycladum","(Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1904)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Greece and Crete, southern Türkiye, Israel, and Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0096DA6",null,null,"Island of Naxos.","Über palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/128/mode/1up","Pisorhina scops cycladum"],["7571","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus scops turanicus","(Loudon, 1905)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Iraq through Iran and southern Transcaspia to northwestern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23220B21",null,null,"Desert of Kara Kum, Transcaspia.","Eine neue Scops-Form aus Turkestan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/143/mode/1up","Pisorhina scops turanica"],["7572","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus scops pulchellus","(Pallas, 1771)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 1 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"Volga River to Lake Baikal and southward to Altai and Tian Shan Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A61A77BA",null,null,"'Copiosius in australioribus ad Volgam, Samaram, Iaicum.'",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=4Z1bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA456","Stryx pulchella"],["7573","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus cyprius","(Madarász, 1901)","Természetrajzi Füzetek 24 p.272","Cyprus Scops Owl","Cyprus Scops-Owl","Cyprus Scops-owl",null,null,"Cyprus",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155019839","eursco3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eursco3","avibase-616A1359",null,null,"Livadia, Cyprus.","[Description of two probably new European Birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48100#page/278/mode/1up","Scops cypria"],["7574","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus bikegila","Melo, Freitas, Verbelen et al., 2022","ZooKeys 1126 1-54","Principe Scops Owl","Principe Scops-Owl","Principe Scops-owl","2025-0713","<em>Otus bikegila</em> is recognized as a new species based on the integrative analysis of morphological, vocal, and genetic divergence (Melo et al. 2022).","Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230025085","prisco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prisco1","avibase-C6277A45",null,null,"Príncipe Island, South Príncipe, ca. 500 m NW of Ribeira Porco river mouth (Fig. 1); 1°33.03'N, 7°22.29'E; ca. 100 m a.s.l.; 29 May 2017; HP and Ceciliano do Bom Jesus leg","A new species of scops-owl (Aves, Strigiformes, Strigidae, Otus) from Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea, Africa) and novel insights into the systematic affinities within Otus","https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/87635/","Otus bikegila"],["7575","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus pembaensis","Pakenham, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.112","Pemba Scops Owl","Pemba Scops-Owl","Pemba Scops-owl",null,null,"Pemba Island (off northeastern Tanzania)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688679","pesowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pesowl2","avibase-1044DCBD",null,null,"Pemba Island.","Description of a new Scops Owl from Pemba Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/152/mode/1up","Otus pembaensis"],["7576","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus hartlaubi","(Giebel, 1872)","Thesaurus ornithologiae: Repertorium der gesammten ornithologischen Literatur und Nomenclator sämmtlicher Gattungen und Arten der Vögel nebst Synonymen und geographischer Verbreitung 1 p.448","Sao Tome Scops Owl","Sao Tome Scops-Owl","Sao Tome Scops-owl",null,null,"highlands of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688620","stsowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stsowl1","avibase-991885F0",null,null,"São Thome",null,"https://archive.org/details/thesaurusornitho1187gieb/page/448/mode/1up","Noctua Hartlaubi"],["7577","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus senegalensis","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.127","African Scops Owl","African Scops-Owl","African Scops-owl","2025-0372","Taxon <em>feae </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Otus senegalensis </em>(polytypic), as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Vocal, morphological, and plumage differences are subtle (Collar &amp; Boesman 2020; Melo et al. 2022), and mitochondrial DNA data suggest that <em>feae </em>is embedded within <em>O. senegalensis</em> (Melo et al. 2022).","widespread sub-Saharan Africa in mostly lowland and foothill wooded savanna, mopane and miombo woodland, acacia scrub, farmbush, and gardens, from southern Mauritania eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and southward to eastern and southern South Africa (avoiding rainforest and arid southwestern Africa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/279197053","afsowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afsowl1","avibase-F0AA4FE4",null,null,"Senegal; the type is from Gambia.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/137/mode/1up","Scops Senegalensis"],["7578","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus senegalensis senegalensis","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C2B3DB6",null,null,"Senegal; the type is from Gambia.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/137/mode/1up","Scops Senegalensis"],["7579","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus senegalensis nivosus","Keith & Twomey, 1968","Ibis vol.110, no.4 p.538",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya (lower Tana River to Lali Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2DDAD97",null,null,"Lali Hills, southeast Kenya","Records of East African Birds","http://www2.nrm.se/ve/birds/sape/GlobalOwlProject/Otus/Otus%20senegalensis%20nivosus%20(Keith%20&%20Towmey)%201968,%20Ibis,%20Vol.%20110,%20pages%20538-539..PDF","Otus scops nivosus"],["7580","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus senegalensis feae","(Salvadori, 1903)","Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (2), 53 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Pagulu (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D745D124",null,null,"Island of Annobon.","Contribuzioni alla Ornitologia delle Isole del Golfo di Guinea. Parte III. Uccelli di Anno-Bom e di Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28682#page/111/mode/1up","Scops feae"],["7581","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brucei","(Hume, 1872)","Stray Feathers 1 p.8","Pallid Scops Owl","Pallid Scops-Owl","Pallid Scops-owl",null,null,"lowland to foothill riverine woodland, semi-desert, rocky gorges, cultivation, and palm groves, from southern Türkiye, Israel, and Iraq eastward to Kazakhstan and western China, and southward to Oman and southern Pakistan; some populations migratory to southern Jordan and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688631","pasowl3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pasowl3","avibase-08C90B0F",null,null,"Rahuri, Ahmednagar.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/24/mode/1up","Ephialtes Brucei"],["7582","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brucei exiguus","Mukherjee, 1958","Records of the Indian Museum 53 p.301,302",null,null,null,null,null,"Israel to Iraq, southern Iran, Oman, southern Afghanistan, and western Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFF73BA7",null,null,"Bagdad, Iraq","A new race of the Striated Scops Owl, Otus brucei (Hume) from West Asia.",null,"Otus brucei exiguus"],["7583","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brucei obsoletus","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.129 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Türkiye to northern Syria, northern Iraq, Uzbekistan, and northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F95391E",null,null,"Buchara (Eversmann) and Syria (Ehrenberg)","VII. Jahresversammlung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/138/mode/1up","Scops obsoleta"],["7584","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brucei brucei","(Hume, 1872)","Stray Feathers 1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Aral Sea to Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CEC2649",null,null,"Rahuri, Ahmednagar.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/24/mode/1up","Ephialtes Brucei"],["7585","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus brucei semenowi","(Zarudny & Härms, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tajikistan to western China, eastern Afghanistan, and northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7062BAF1",null,null,"Possibly Sinai Peninsula",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/69/mode/1up","Scops semenowi"],["7586","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mirus","Ripley & Rabor, 1968","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 81 p.31","Mindanao Scops Owl","Mindanao Scops-Owl","Mindanao Highland Scops-owl",null,null,"montane rainforest of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688614","misowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/misowl1","avibase-4F10E91D",null,null,"Hilong-hilong Peak, Agusan Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines","Two new subspecies of birds from the Philippines and comments on the validity of two others.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107600#page/45/mode/1up","Otus scops mirus"],["7587","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus longicornis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.51","Luzon Scops Owl","Luzon Scops-Owl","Luzon Highland Scops-owl",null,null,"montane forest of Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688602","lusowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lusowl1","avibase-71F9BF41",null,null,"Mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/149/mode/1up","Scops longicornis"],["7588","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus moheliensis","Lafontaine & Moulaert, 1998","Journal of African Zoology 112 p.163-169","Moheli Scops Owl","Moheli Scops-Owl","Moheli Scops-owl",null,null,"Mohéli (Comoros)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724585","mohsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mohsco1","avibase-EDFC0AD6",null,null,"Moheli (Comores) dans la forêt du Mledjele, 12°19'03\"S et 43°43'50\"E, a 620 m d'altitude, le 21 octobre 1996 par N. Moulaert et l. Saïd","Une nouvelle espèce de petit-duc (Otus, Aves) aux Comores: taxonomie et statut de conservation.","https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/global_owl_project/descriptions/Otus/Otus%20moheliensis%20(Lafontaine%20&%20Moulaert)%201998,%20Journal%20of%20African%20Zoology,%20112(2),%20pages%20163-169..pdf","Otus moheliensis"],["7589","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus pauliani","Benson, 1960","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.60-66","Karthala Scops Owl","Comoro Scops-Owl","Grande Comore Scops-owl",null,null,"Mount Karthala on Grand Comoro Island (Comoros)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688694","cosowl3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cosowl3","avibase-A7509E6E",null,null,"La Convalescence, 1700 meters, Grand Comoro, Comoro Islands. 7 September 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands : results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Otus rutilus pauliani"],["7590","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus insularis","(Tristram, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.16 p.458","Seychelles Scops Owl","Seychelles Scops-Owl","Seychelles Scops-owl",null,null,"highland forest of Mahé (Seychelles)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688667","sesowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sesowl1","avibase-0A22AE9B",null,null,"Mahe, Seychelles.","Description of a new Genus and Species of Owl from the Seychelles Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/482/mode/1up","Gymnoscops insularis"],["7591","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.175","Oriental Scops Owl","Oriental Scops-Owl","Oriental Scops-owl",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, open woodland, orchards, and parkland, from northern Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka eastward to Sakhalin and Ussuriland (Russia), Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), eastern China, Taiwan, and southward to southeastern Asia; northern populations migrate southward to Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728969","orsowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orsowl","avibase-DD855E67",null,null,"Nepal","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/225/mode/1up","Scops sunia"],["7592","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia japonicus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.27 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); at least partially migratory, but winter range not well documented",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97B4D6F0",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/37/mode/1up","Otus scops japonicus"],["7593","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia stictonotus","(Sharpe, 1875)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 p.54 pl.3 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to northeastern China, Sakhalin Island, and North Korea; winters southeastern China southward at least to southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45CA16CF",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34313#page/70/mode/1up","Scops stictonotus"],["7594","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia malayanus","(Hay, 1845)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Yunnan to eastern Guangdong); at least partially migratory, wintering to the southern Malayan Peninsula and perhaps to northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91DC68D3",null,null,"Malacca.","Descriptions of some supposed New, or Imperfectly Described, Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/449/mode/1up","Scops malayanus"],["7595","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia sunia","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Himalayan from northern Pakistan eastward to Satpura Range and northeastern Ghats (central and eastern Indian Peninsula) and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9963AEF2",null,null,"Nepal","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/225/mode/1up","Scops sunia"],["7596","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia distans","Friedmann & Deignan, 1939","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 29, no.7 p.287-291",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar through Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69831CAB",null,null,"Sala Me Tha, Chiengmai Province, North Siam, February 20, 1936, by H. G. Deignan","Notes on some Asiatic Owls of the genus Otus with description of a new form.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122706#page/325/mode/1up","Otus senegalensis distans"],["7597","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia rufipennis","(Sharpe, 1875)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Surat Dangs (Gujarat), Western Ghats, and southern Eastern Ghats (Peninsular India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBC45B0D",null,null,"Eastern Ghats, Madras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34313#page/76/mode/1up","Scops rufipennis"],["7598","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia leggei","Ticehurst, 1923","Ibis ser.11, vol.5, no.2 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E01B71CF",null,null,"Kotmalie, Ceylon [=Sri Lanka]",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1923.tb08218.x","Otus sunia leggei"],["7599","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia modestus","(Walden, 1874)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.13, no.74 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-924ABD73",null,null,"Port Blair, South Andaman Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78506#page/137/mode/1up","Scops modestus"],["7600","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sunia nicobaricus","(Hume, 1876)","Stray Feathers 4 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4514499",null,null,"Nicobars. Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 3: 321 notes it as \"Nicobars = Camorta I.\" [=Kamorta Island, central Nicobar Islands.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/303/mode/1up","Ephialtes nicobaricus"],["7601","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus socotranus","(Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899)","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2, no.1 p.2","Socotra Scops Owl","Socotra Scops-Owl","Socotra Scops-owl",null,null,"Socotra (off eastern Somalia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61915715","afrsco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrsco2","avibase-82846EEB",null,null,"Socotra Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/190/mode/1up","Scops socotranus"],["7602","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus capnodes","(Gurney, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.1 p.104","Anjouan Scops Owl","Anjouan Scops-Owl","Anjouan Scops-owl",null,null,"Anjouan Island (Comoros)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688686","ansowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ansowl2","avibase-427BC65A",null,null,"Anjuan Island [=Nzwani], Comoro Islands","On an apparently undescribed Species of Owl from Anjouan Island, proposed to be called Scops capnodes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/134/mode/1up","Scops capnodes"],["7603","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus mayottensis","Benson, 1960","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.60-66","Mayotte Scops Owl","Mayotte Scops-Owl","Mayotte Scops-owl",null,null,"Mayotte Island (Comoros)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732599","maysco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maysco1","avibase-2DF19EB2",null,null,"La Convalescence, Mayotte, Comoro Islands. 400 metres, 2 November 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands : results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Otus rutilus mayottensis"],["7604","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus grucheti","(Mourer-Chauviré, Bour, Moutou & Ribes, 1994)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 318 p.1704","Reunion Scops Owl","Reunion Scops-Owl","Reunion Owl",null,null,"formerly Réunion; extinct, likely around 1610","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728866","reusco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reusco1","avibase-42F88785",null,null,"Holocene. Grotte des Premiers Français, Saint-Paul, île de la Réunion","Mascarenotus nov. gen. (Aves, Strigiformes), genre endémique éteint des Mascareignes et M. grucheti n. sp., espèce éteinte de La Réunion.","https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/global_owl_project/descriptions/Fossil_owls/Mascarenotus%20(Mourer-Chauvire%20et%20al)%201994..pdf","Mascarenotus grucheti"],["7605","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus murivorus","(Milne-Edwards, 1873)","Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, Section des Sciences Naturelles 9, art.3 p.13, pl.11","Rodrigues Scops Owl","Rodrigues Scops-Owl","Rodrigues Owl",null,null,"formerly Rodrigues; extinct, last account from 1726","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728856","rodsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodsco1","avibase-180ED7CC",null,null,"Rodriguez Island","Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Îles Mascareignes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252329#page/13/mode/1up","Strix (Athene) murivora"],["7606","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus sauzieri","(Newton & Gadow, 1893)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 13, pt.7 p.286, plate 33, figures 11-18.","Mauritius Scops Owl","Mauritius Scops-Owl","Mauritius Owl",null,null,"formerly Mauritius; extinct, last observed 1837","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728861","mausco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mausco1","avibase-653134CC",null,null,"Mare aux Songes swamp, Mauritius","On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Théodore Sauzier","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101603#page/362/mode/1up","Strix sauzieri"],["7607","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus rutilus","(Pucheran, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.29,note","Madagascar Scops Owl","Madagascar Scops-Owl","Madagascar Scops-owl","2025-0373","Taxon <em>madagascariensis </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Otus rutilus</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and habitat (Rasmussen et al. 2000), variation in vocalizations may be clinal or intergrading. In addition, mitochondrial DNA-dominated data (Fuchs et al. 2007a; Pons et al. 2013) show low levels of divergence between <em>madagascariensis </em>and <em>rutilus</em>. A geographically comprehensive analysis of vocalizations and genetics is needed.","Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735960","madsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madsco1","avibase-C1B0BDEA",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/35/mode/1up","Scops rutilus"],["7608","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus rutilus madagascariensis","Grandidier, 1867","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.85,86",null,null,null,null,null,"western Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9615535E",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/91/mode/1up","Otus Madagascariensis"],["7609","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Otus rutilus rutilus","(Pucheran, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.29,note",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C64380C6",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/35/mode/1up","Scops rutilus"],["7610","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ptilopsis","Kaup, 1848","Isis von Oken 41, heft 10 col.769.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Strix leucotis [Temminck, 1820]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 9).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/426/mode/1up","Ptilopsis"],["7611","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ptilopsis leucotis","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.3, vol.2 pl.16","Northern White-faced Owl","Northern White-faced Owl","Northern White-faced Owl",null,null,"Senegambia to Somalia, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61781834","nwfowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nwfowl1","avibase-E561A180",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/107/mode/1up","Strix leucotis"],["7612","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ptilopsis granti","(Kollibay, 1910)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.148","Southern White-faced Owl","Southern White-faced Owl","Southern White-faced Owl",null,null,"southeastern Gabon, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Uganda, and southwestern Kenya southward to Namibia, northern and central South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini, and Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61781923","swfowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swfowl1","avibase-023D6E38",null,null,"South-West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/162/mode/1up","Pisorhina leucotis granti"],["7613","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Strix otus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Strix otus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/70/mode/1up","Asio"],["7614","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio solomonensis","(Hartert, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.25","Fearful Owl","Fearful Owl","Fearful Owl","2025-0376","Taxon <em>solomonensis </em>(monotypic) is placed in the genus <em>Asio </em>based on genomic evidence (Salter et al. 2020).","Bougainville, Choiseul, and Isabel (northern and central Solomon Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689539","feaowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/feaowl1","avibase-8251FDDB",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.","[Exhibition and description of apparently new species of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/281/mode/1up","Pseudoptynx solomonensis"],["7615","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio capensis","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.316","Marsh Owl","Marsh Owl","Marsh Owl",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane wet grassland, marsh, and lightly wooded savanna, of northwestern Morocco, and isolated patches from Senegal eastward to Chad, Cameroon, and Gabon, South Sudan and Ethiopia southward through Tanzania, eastern and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastern Angola to southern South Africa, and of Madagascar; partially migratory and locally irruptive",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689535","marowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marowl2","avibase-83E21A84",null,null,"now Otus",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/336/mode/1up","Otus Capensis"],["7616","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio capensis tingitanus","(Loche, 1867)","Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. Atlas p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ACA225A",null,null,"Harrach-Bache, near Algiers.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175043#page/112/mode/1up","Phasmoptynx Capensis tingitanus"],["7617","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio capensis capensis","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily distributed Senegambia to Ethiopia and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-183E0A56",null,null,"now Otus",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/336/mode/1up","Otus Capensis"],["7618","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio capensis hova","Stresemann, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland and marshes of Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A768500E",null,null,"Bombetok Bay, Madagascar",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/82/mode/1up","Asio helvola hova"],["7619","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.617 pl.25","Short-eared Owl","Short-eared Owl","Short-eared Owl",null,null,"nearly cosmopolitan, breeding in open grassy habitats including marshes, tundra, savanna, abandoned agricultural land, open montane woodland, and moorland from Iceland (scarce) through northern and central Europe, eastward through northeastern Russia, and southward through Central Asia and northern Mongolia, in Hawaiian Islands (all main islands), Alaska and northern Canada southward through central USA states, the Greater Antilles (except Jamaica), and much of South America (except Amazonia) from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego, including the Galapagos and Falkland Islands; northern populations winter southward to northern and far western Africa, southern Indian Subcontinent, and southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689531","sheowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sheowl","avibase-8F123A11",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B721%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Strix Flammea"],["7620","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus flammeus","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.617 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"North America, Europe, northern Asia, and North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2E76A1B",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B721%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Strix Flammea"],["7621","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus cubensis","Garrido, 2007","Solenodon 6 p.70-76",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E489CAA7",null,null,"Arroceras del Jíbaro, Sancti-Spìritus, col. R. Quiñones, 19.v.1996 [Cuba]","Subespecie nueva de Asio dominguesis para Cuba, con comentarios sobre Asio flammeus (Aves: Strigidae).","http://www.caribbeanahigroup.org/pdf/solenodon6/10Asio.pdf","Asio dominguensis cubensis"],["7622","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus domingensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0F0E1B7",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/90/mode/1up","Strix domingensis"],["7623","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus portoricensis","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.238 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD6B138F",null,null,"North side of Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/384/mode/1up","Asio portoricensis"],["7624","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus bogotensis","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AED4661E",null,null,"Savanna of Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Asio flammeus bogotensis"],["7625","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus galapagoensis","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81BC9390",null,null,"No locality = Galapagos Archipelago.","Observations on the Raptorial Birds in Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/182/mode/1up","Otus (Brachyotus) galapagoensis"],["7626","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus pallidicaudus","Friedmann, 1949","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 111, no.9 p.1-3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela and Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B833CE9F",null,null,"Cantaura, State of Anzoátegui, Venezuela","A new heron and a new owl from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79632#page/196/mode/1up","Asio flammeus pallidicaudus"],["7627","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus suinda","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru to Bolivia, southeastern Brazil, and Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7153039B",null,null,"Paraguay in lat. 27° S., and Río de la Plata. 3 Ex Azara, no. XLV.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/42/mode/1up","Strix suinda"],["7628","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus sanfordi","Bangs, 1919","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F264D308",null,null,"Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands.","Notes on South American Short-eared Owls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/107/mode/1up","Asio flammeus sanfordi"],["7629","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus sandwichensis","(Bloxam, 1827)","Voyage of H. M. S. Blonde to the Sandwich Islands, in the years 1824-1825 (1826) App.3 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4F269D4",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276684#page/302/mode/1up","Strix Sandwichensis"],["7630","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio flammeus ponapensis","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.609 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45AD7D77",null,null,"Ponapé Island, Caroline Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 23, Two new birds from Micronesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3875/","Asio flammeus ponapensis"],["7631","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio stygius","(Wagler, 1832)","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1221","Stygian Owl","Stygian Owl","Stygian Owl",null,null,"forest and wooded areas, including towns, from southern Sinaloa and northern Nuevo León (northwestern and northeastern Mexico) to Nicaragua; Cuba and western Dominican Republic; northern South America east of Andes through Catamarca (northwestern Argentina), southern Paraguay, and central Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689504","styowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/styowl1","avibase-C1EAF183",null,null,"Brazil or South Africa = Minas Geraes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/657/mode/1up","Nyctalops stygius"],["7632","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio stygius lambi","Moore, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Mexico (southwestern Chihuahua to Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE99BDE3",null,null,"Babizos, 6400 feet, northeastern Sinaloa.","Two new Owls from Sinaloa, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/133/mode/1up","Asio stygius lambi"],["7633","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio stygius robustus","Kelso, 1934","The Auk 51, no.4 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Guerrero and Veracruz) to Venezuela and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2137A081",null,null,"Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","A new Stygian Owl.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol51/iss4/40/","Asio stygius robustus"],["7634","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio stygius siguapa","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.40 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B2E6A64",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/81/mode/1up","Otus siguapa"],["7635","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio stygius noctipetens","Riley, 1916","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 66, no.15 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola including Gonâve Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14C050F3",null,null,"Constanza, 4000 feet, Santo Domingo.","Three remarkable new species of birds from Santo Domingo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94426#page/347/mode/1up","Asio noctipetens"],["7636","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio stygius stygius","(Wagler, 1832)","Isis von Oken 25, heft 11 col.1221",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru, Bolivia, and southward to Catamarca (northwestern Argentina), eastward to northeastern Argentina and to Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F6BE10E",null,null,"Brazil or South Africa = Minas Geraes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/657/mode/1up","Nyctalops stygius"],["7637","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio stygius barberoi","Bertoni, 1930","Revista de la Sociedad Científica del Paraguay 2 p.243,246",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F6192BD",null,null,"Monte Sociedad, Paraguayan Chaco.",null,"http://www2.nrm.se/ve/birds/sape/GlobalOwlProject/Asio/Asio%20stygius%20barberoi%20(W.%20Bertoni)%201930,%20Revista%20de%20la%20Sociedad%20Cientifica%20del%20Paraguay,%202,%20No.%206.PDF","Asio stygius var. barberoi"],["7638","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio clamator","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.52 pl.20","Striped Owl","Striped Owl","Striped Owl",null,null,"various woodland and savanna habitats, including river islands, grassy wetlands and fields from southeastern Mexico, in Veracruz and adjacent Puebla, southeastward across most Central America to eastern Panama; northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas, in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the ríos Cauca and Magdalena and in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and southeastern Colombia; west of the Andes also in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru; east of the Andes locally in eastern Colombia southward to northern and eastern Bolivia and across the Amazon of Brazil; and from northeastern and eastern Brazil southward to central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689522","strowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strowl1","avibase-849E5AD2",null,null,"Cayenne to Hudson Bay, restricted to Cayenne by Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Kl. 2, 22, 1906, p. 574.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/122/mode/1up","Bubo Clamator"],["7639","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio clamator forbesi","(Lowery & Dalquest, 1951)","University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 3 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A861EED1",null,null,"Presidio, Veracruz, Mexico","Birds from the State of Veracruz, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21915#page/604/mode/1up","Rhinoptynx clamator forbesi"],["7640","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio clamator clamator","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.52 pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, eastern Peru, and central and northeastern Brazil; also the Pacific coast of Ecuador and Peru, which may represent an undescribed taxon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE0202F5",null,null,"Cayenne to Hudson Bay, restricted to Cayenne by Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Kl. 2, 22, 1906, p. 574.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/122/mode/1up","Bubo Clamator"],["7641","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio clamator oberi","(Kelso, 1936)","The Auk 53, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E4D18BB",null,null,"Island of Tobago.","A new Striped Owl from Tobago.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol53/iss1/33/","Rhinoptynx clamator oberi"],["7642","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio clamator midas","(Schlegel, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.2 Oti no.11 p.2,3,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD02612B",null,null,"Montevideo, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92051#page/12/mode/1up","Otus midas"],["7643","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio grammicus","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.19,note","Jamaican Owl","Jamaican Owl","Jamaican Owl","2025-0375","Taxon <em>grammicus </em>(monotypic) is placed in the genus <em>Asio </em>based on genomic evidence (Salter et al. 2020).","woodland of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689501","jamowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamowl1","avibase-F85D5EC3",null,null,"Tait-Shafton, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/37/mode/1up","Ephialtes grammicus"],["7644","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio madagascariensis","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.316","Madagascar Owl","Madagascar Owl","Madagascar Owl",null,null,"forest of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689517","mleowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mleowl1","avibase-D3DBC5EE",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/336/mode/1up","Otus Madagascariensis"],["7645","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio abyssinicus","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.321","Abyssinian Owl","Abyssinian Owl","Abyssinian Owl",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane forest, moorland, and grassland with trees, of Eritrea and Ethiopia, central Kenya (Mt. Kenya), and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and northwestern Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689512","aleowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aleowl1","avibase-250123FB",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Oiseaux nouveaux découverts par MM. Ferret et Galinier pendant leur voyage en Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/329/mode/1up","Otus abyssinicus"],["7646","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio abyssinicus abyssinicus","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C28EC01",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Oiseaux nouveaux découverts par MM. Ferret et Galinier pendant leur voyage en Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/329/mode/1up","Otus abyssinicus"],["7647","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio abyssinicus graueri","Sassi, 1912","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 49 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda), Mount Kabobo (eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo), and Mount Kenya (Kenya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6460896D",null,null,"Forested country west of Lake Tanganyka.","Eine neue Ohreule aus Zentralafrika (Asio abessinicus graueri nov. subsp.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89124#page/176/mode/1up","Asio abessinicus graueri"],["7648","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio otus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92","Long-eared Owl","Long-eared Owl","Long-eared Owl",null,null,"Holarctic, in Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia, and southern Canada to northwestern Baja California and northern Mexico (Nuevo León)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689507","loeowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/loeowl","avibase-FC4D40D2",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality = Sweden, ex Faun. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Otus"],["7649","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio otus otus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe, Asia, and North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE7B7748",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality = Sweden, ex Faun. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Otus"],["7650","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio otus canariensis","Madarász, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D92B961F",null,null,"Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.","Asio canariensis n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/72/mode/1up","Asio canariensis"],["7651","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio otus tuftsi","Godfrey, 1948","The Canadian Field-Naturalist 61 p.196-197",null,null,null,null,null,"western Canada to northwestern Baja California, southern Texas, and northern Mexico (Nuevo León)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DFD23B7",null,null,"South Arm, Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan [Canada]","A new Long-eared Owl.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89250#page/228/mode/1up","Asio otus tuftsi"],["7652","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Asio otus wilsonianus","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern Canada to south-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A469017",null,null,"United States = Pennsylvania, ex Wilson, 6, p. 73, pl. 51, f. 3 [i.e. f. 1].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/148/mode/1up","Otus Wilsonianus"],["7653","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Jubula","Bates, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bubo lettii [Büttikofer, 1889]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/126/mode/1up","Jubula"],["7654","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Jubula lettii","(Büttikofer, 1889)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 11 p.34","Maned Owl","Maned Owl","Maned Owl",null,null,"patchily distributed in humid forest of Liberia to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689173","manowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manowl1","avibase-15A1DBE8",null,null,"Liberia.","On a new Owl from Liberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37330#page/46/mode/1up","Bubo lettii"],["7655","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo","Duméril, 1805","Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l'aide de tableaux synoptiques p.34",null,null,null,"2025-0384","The genus <em>Ketupa </em>(polytypic, comprising <em>blakistoni, ketupu, zeylonensis</em> and <em>flavipes</em>) is expanded to include eight species previously placed in <em>Bubo</em>; four of these (<em>poensis, lactea, nipalensis</em>, and <em>sumatrana</em>) group with <em>Ketupa sensu stricto</em> based on genetic data (Omote et al. 2013; Salter et al. 2020; Wink &amp; Sauer-Gürth 2021), while the remaining four (<em>shelleyi, coromanda, leucosticta,</em> and <em>philippensis</em>) are provisionally placed in <em>Ketupa </em>based on morphology. This arrangement recognizes three genera: a reduced <em>Bubo </em>(Old and New World taxa); an expanded <em>Ketupa </em>(tropical Afro-Asian taxa); and the morphologically distinct <em>Scotopelia</em>, recovered as the sister clade to <em>Ketupa </em>based on genomic data (Salter et al. 2020), or embedded within it based on mitochondrial DNA (Wink &amp; Sauer-Gürth 2021); further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Strix bubo [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent monotypy (Froriep, 1806, C. Dumeril's Analytische Zoologie, p. 35).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97389#page/74/mode/1up","Bubo"],["7656","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo scandiacus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92","Snowy Owl","Snowy Owl","Snowy Owl",null,null,"Arctic circumpolar; irregular southern post-breeding irruptions",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689055","snoowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snoowl1","avibase-5B23B360",null,null,"'Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae' ex Fn. Suec, Aves no. 46, there based on a drawing by Rudbeck.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix scandiaca"],["7657","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo magellanicus","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 p.116","Magellanic Horned Owl","Magellanic Horned Owl","Lesser Horned Owl","2025-0387","Taxon <em>magellanicus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Bubo virginianus</em> (polytypic) based on consistent vocal differences (López-Lanús 2015), limited or no interbreeding in areas of parapatry (Traylor 1958; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020) and genomic DNA divergence (Ostrow et al. 2023b).","northern Peru (north at least to Cajamarca) south to western Bolivia, Chile, and northwestern Argentina, thence central Argentina to Tierra del Fuego including Cape Horn",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61752097","grhowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhowl2","avibase-15F7CE4C",null,null,"extrémité de l'Amérique méridionale [southern end of South America]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/128/mode/1up","Strix magellanicus"],["7658","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo nigrescens","Berlepsch, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3, no.21 p.309","Paramo Horned Owl","Paramo Horned Owl",null,"2026-053","Four species are recognized in the <em>Bubo virginianus</em> complex based on a combination of vocal (Lopez-Lanús 2015) and genetic (Ostrow et al. 2023) evidence: polytypic <em>B. virginianus</em>, <em>B. nacurutu</em> (including <em>deserti</em>), monotypic <em>B. nigrescens</em>, and monotypic <em>B. magellanicus</em>. <em>Bubo magellanicus</em> is treated as a monotypic species (see issue 2025-0387) based on consistent vocal differences (López-Lanús 2015), limited or no interbreeding in areas of parapatry (Traylor 1958; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020), and genomic DNA divergence (Ostrow et al. 2023b). Clear vocal differences support separation of <em>B. nigrescens</em>, whereas vocalizations of <em>nacurutu </em>are less distinct and can approach those of <em>B. virginianus</em>. Furthermore, some genomic DNA data suggest that <em>nacurutu </em>may be embedded within <em>B. virginianus</em>, a relationship not supported by mitogenomic data (Ostrow et al. 2023). Given these inconsistencies a formal bioacoustic analysis and comprehensive genomic sampling will be needed to affirm this split.","high Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,"grhowl13","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhowl13","avibase-B2F5D6C7",null,null,"Cechce, 10,000 feet, western Ecuador.","Deuxième liste des Oiseaux recueillis dans l'Ecuadeur occidental par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/389/mode/1up","Bubo nigrescens"],["7659","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo nacurutu","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.44","Tropical Horned Owl","Tropical Horned Owl",null,"2026-053","Four species are recognized in the <em>Bubo virginianus</em> complex based on a combination of vocal (Lopez-Lanús 2015) and genetic (Ostrow et al. 2023) evidence: polytypic <em>B. virginianus</em>, <em>B. nacurutu</em> (including <em>deserti</em>), monotypic <em>B. nigrescens</em>, and monotypic <em>B. magellanicus</em>. <em>Bubo magellanicus</em> is treated as a monotypic species (see issue 2025-0387) based on consistent vocal differences (López-Lanús 2015), limited or no interbreeding in areas of parapatry (Traylor 1958; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020), and genomic DNA divergence (Ostrow et al. 2023b). Clear vocal differences support separation of <em>B. nigrescens</em>, whereas vocalizations of <em>nacurutu </em>are less distinct and can approach those of <em>B. virginianus</em>. Furthermore, some genomic DNA data suggest that <em>nacurutu </em>may be embedded within <em>B. virginianus</em>, a relationship not supported by mitogenomic data (Ostrow et al. 2023). Given these inconsistencies a formal bioacoustic analysis and comprehensive genomic sampling will be needed to affirm this split.","lowland South America, from northern Colombia eastward to the Guianas, and from southeastern Peru eastward to northeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"grhowl19","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhowl19","avibase-8E62406F",null,null,"'Magellanic lands,' ex 'hibou des terres magellaniques' of Buffon, pl. 385 [erroneously cited by Vieillot as 383].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/52/mode/1up","Strix nacurutu"],["7660","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo nacurutu nacurutu","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland South America, from northern Colombia eastward to the Guianas, and from southeastern Peru eastward to northeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-360301FB",null,null,"'Magellanic lands,' ex 'hibou des terres magellaniques' of Buffon, pl. 385 [erroneously cited by Vieillot as 383].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/52/mode/1up","Strix nacurutu"],["7661","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo nacurutu deserti","Reiser, 1905","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 42 (18) p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Bahia (northeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B34C4121",null,null,"Salitres near Joazeiro, Bahia, Brazil.","Bericht über die ornithologische Ausbeute während der von der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften im Jahre 1903 nach Brasilien entsendeten Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89280#page/368/mode/1up","Bubo magellanicus deserti"],["7662","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.287","Great Horned Owl","Great Horned Owl",null,"2026-053",{"richText":[{"text":"Four species are recognized in the "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"Bubo virginianus"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" complex based on a combination of vocal (Lopez-Lanús 2015) and genetic (Ostrow et al. 2023) evidence: polytypic "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"B. virginianus"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":", "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"B. nacurutu"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" (including "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"deserti"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"), monotypic "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"B. nigrescens"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":", and monotypic "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"B. magellanicus"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":". "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"Bubo magellanicus"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" is treated as a monotypic species (see issue 2025-0387) based on consistent vocal differences (López-Lanús 2015), limited or no interbreeding in areas of parapatry (Traylor 1958; Pearman & Areta 2020), and genomic DNA divergence (Ostrow et al. 2023b). Clear vocal differences support separation of "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"B. nigrescens"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":", whereas vocalizations of "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"nacurutu"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" are less distinct and can approach those of "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"B. virginianus"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":". Furthermore, some genomic DNA data suggest that "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"nacurutu"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" may be embedded within "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"B. virginianus"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":", a relationship not supported by mitogenomic data (Ostrow et al. 2023). Given these inconsistencies a formal bioacoustic analysis and comprehensive genomic sampling will be needed to affirm this split."}]},"various habitats from deciduous to coniferous forest, desert, swamps and meadows from northern Alaska (US) and northern Canada southward to northwestern Nicaragua (occurrence in Costa Rica and western Panama unconfirmed); introduced to Hiva Oa, southern Marquesas (eastern Polynesia)",null,null,null,"grhowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhowl","avibase-AC8B8FC6",null,null,"America = Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/299/mode/1up","Strix virginiana"],["7663","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus algistus","(Oberholser, 1904)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 27, no.1352 p.178,190",null,null,null,null,null,"coast of western Alaska (Kotzebue Sound southward to Bristol Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C8D368B",null,null,"St. Michael, Alaska.","A revision of the American Great Horned Owls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32794#page/208/mode/1up","Asio magellanicus algistus"],["7664","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus lagophonus","(Oberholser, 1904)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 27, no.1352 p.178,185",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska to northeastern Oregon and Montana; winters to Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDF69648",null,null,"Fort Walla Walla, Washington.","A revision of the American Great Horned Owls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32794#page/208/mode/1up","Asio magellanicus lagophonus"],["7665","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus saturatus","Ridgway, 1877","Report of the geological exploration of the fortieth parallel. Vol. 4. Part III. Ornithology 4 Orn. p.572,note",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Alaska (Cook Inlet) to coastal central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-785B5088",null,null,"'A northern littoral form,' no type locality specified; Oberholser, 1904, gives Simiahmoo, Washington; Ridgway, 1914, states that the type is from Sitka, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104531#page/688/mode/1up","Bubo virginianus saturatus"],["7666","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus pacificus","Cassin, 1854","Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal California to northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91D1562B",null,null,"'The West,' restricted to the 'small southern California subspecies' by Stone, Auk, 13, 1896, p. 155.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87221#page/252/mode/1up","Bubo virginianus var. pacificus"],["7667","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus subarcticus","Hoy, 1853","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.6 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern British Columbia to Hudson Bay, Wyoming, and North Dakota",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A3E5392",null,null,"Racine, Wisconsin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/233/mode/1up","Bubo subarcticus"],["7668","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus pallescens","Stone, 1897","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 31 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of central and southeastern California to Kansas and southern Mexico (Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF7AD9AF",null,null,"Watson Ranch, 18 miles southwest of San Antonio, Texas.","Proper name for the Western Horned Owl of North America","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129415#page/279/mode/1up","Bubo virginianus pallescens"],["7669","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus pinorum","Dickerman & Johnson, 2008","The Journal of Raptor Research 47 p.23,24 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Basin and Rocky Mountains in western USA, from northeastern California and southern Idaho southward to northeastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, and western Texas (Guadalupe Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEDC6B99",null,null,"New Mexico, Bernalillo Co., Sandia Mountains, Cedar Crest (35°6.4'N, 106°22.6'W; elevation 2042 m). Collected by J. David Ligon on 15 December 2002","Notes on Great Horned Owls Nesting in the Rocky Mountains, with a Description of a New Subspecies","https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-raptor-research/volume-42/issue-1/JRR-06-75.1/Notes-on-Great-Horned-Owls-Nesting-in-the-Rocky-Mountains/10.3356/JRR-06-75.1.full","Bubo virginianus pinorum"],["7670","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus heterocnemis","(Oberholser, 1904)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 27, no.1352 p.178,187",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Canada southward to Great Lakes region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63E317E3",null,null,"Lance au Loup, Labrador.","A revision of the American Great Horned Owls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32794#page/208/mode/1up","Asio magellanicus heterocnemis"],["7671","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus virginianus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"Minnesota to Nova Scotia, southward to Kansas, eastern Texas, and Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10475E3D",null,null,"America = Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/299/mode/1up","Strix virginiana"],["7672","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus elachistus","Brewster, 1902","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 41, no.1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California and Isla Espírito Santo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED9D5B0",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.","Birds of the Cape region of Lower California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21826#page/108/mode/1up","Bubo virginianus elachistus"],["7673","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus mayensis","Nelson, 1901","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B643EB10",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/188/mode/1up","Bubo virginianus mayensis"],["7674","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo virginianus mesembrinus","(Oberholser, 1904)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 27, no.1352 p.178,179",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Isthmus of Tehuántepec) to northwestern Nicaragua (occurrence southward to western Panama unconfirmed)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63764E97",null,null,"San José Costa Rica.","A revision of the American Great Horned Owls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32794#page/208/mode/1up","Asio magellanicus mesembrinus"],["7675","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo capensis","Smith, 1834","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.317","Cape Eagle-Owl","Cape Eagle-Owl","Cape Eagle-owl",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane woodland, rocky mountainous terrain, grassland, and savanna, of Eritrea and Ethiopia, from west-central Kenya southward to Zimbabwe and adjacent western Mozambique, and of western Namibia and South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688944","caeowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caeowl1","avibase-3CD0F535",null,null,"Near Cape Town, South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/337/mode/1up","Bubo Capensis"],["7676","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo capensis dillonii","des Murs & Prévost, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D17CDE6D",null,null,"Abyssinia; Ouodgerate, northeastern Ethiopia, fixed as restricted type locality by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 57, 1937, p. 158.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce d'oiseau de Madagascar, du genre Philépitte, et de trois nouvelles espèces d'Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/256/mode/1up","Bubo Dillonii"],["7677","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo capensis mackinderi","Sharpe, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and Uganda to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-471FC78A",null,null,"Mount Kenya, 13,000 feet.","[Description of new species of African birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/60/mode/1up","Bubo mackinderi"],["7678","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo capensis capensis","Smith, 1834","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Namibia and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BCC4D43",null,null,"Near Cape Town, South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/337/mode/1up","Bubo Capensis"],["7679","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo ascalaphus","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.110 pl.3 fig.2","Pharaoh Eagle-Owl","Pharaoh Eagle-Owl","Pharaoh Eagle-owl",null,null,"rocky hills in deserts, and dry river valleys with cliffs, from northwestern Africa (Morocco, northern Algeria, and Tunisia) southward to southern Mauritania and adjacent Senegal, eastward across the Sahara and northern Africa to eastern Egypt, Sudan, and northern Eritrea, and in the Sinai Peninsula, southern Syria, and western Iraq southward in the Arabian Peninsula to Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688938","pheowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pheowl1","avibase-9FD4D3D9",null,null,"Upper Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/122/mode/1up","Bubo Ascalaphus"],["7680","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92","Eurasian Eagle-Owl","Eurasian Eagle-Owl","Eurasian Eagle-owl",null,null,"lowland to montane rocky country with cliffs, open woodland, wooded steppe, and taiga, from Scandinavia and Iberia eastward to Siberia and Sakhalin (Russia) and Korean Peninsula, and southward to Israel and Jordan, southern Iran, western Pakistan, and China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688927","eueowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eueowl1","avibase-5516AEB3",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Bubo"],["7681","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo hispanus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula; formerly also Atlas mountains of northern Africa, where likely extirpated",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3202C141",null,null,"Aguilas, Spain.","Notes on Eagle-Owls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/126/mode/1up","Bubo bubo hispanus"],["7682","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo bubo","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia and France through western Europe to western Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE69A739",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Bubo"],["7683","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo interpositus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye and northwestern Iran to southern Ukraine, Romania, and Bulgaria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BC75CE0",null,null,"Eregli, Asia Minor.","Notes on Eagle-Owls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/127/mode/1up","Bubo bubo interpositus"],["7684","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo nikolskii","Zarudny, 1905","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 16 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Iraq to Iran, Afghanistan, and western Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-969D120A",null,null,"Jebel-Tniie Mts., Arabistan, Persia.","Zwei ornithologische Neuheiten aus West-Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209442#page/168/mode/1up","Bubo bubo nikolskii"],["7685","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo ruthenus","Buturlin & Zhitkov, 1906","Mémoires de la Société Impériale Géographique Russe 41 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"central European Russia to Ural Mountains and lower Volga basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35234893",null,null,"Simbirsk, Russia.","Materiali dlya ornitofauni Simbirskoi gubernii.",null,"Bubo bubo ruthenus"],["7686","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo sibiricus","(Gloger, 1833)","Das Abändern der Vögel durch Einfluß des Klima's: nach zoologischen, zunächst von den europäischen Landvögeln entnommenen Beobachtungen dargestellt, mit den entsprechenden Erfahrungen bei den europäischen Säugthieren verglichen, und durch Thatsachen aus dem Gebiete der Physiologie, der Physik und der physischen Geographie erläutert p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"western foothills of Ural Mountains to Ob River and western Altai",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55F5E010",null,null,"Ural Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106357#page/177/mode/1up","Strix sibirica"],["7687","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo yenisseensis","Buturlin, 1911","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 2, no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"central Siberia to northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6648C6D4",null,null,"Krasnoyarsk, middle Yenessei River, Siberia.","[Bubo bubo yenisseensis subsp. nov.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/482/mode/1up","Bubo bubo yenisseensis"],["7688","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo jakutensis","Buturlin, 1908","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.2 p.287,note",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia (Lena River to Sea of Okhotsk)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17461CEA",null,null,"Yakutsk subprovince.","Bemerkungen über die geographische Verbreitung der Vögel in nordöstlichen Sibirien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/299/mode/1up","Bubo jakutensis"],["7689","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo turcomanus","(Eversmann, 1835)","Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Zoographiam Rosso-Asiaticam 1 p.3-4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Asia between the lower Volga River and the Ural River, eastward to Transbaikalia, and southward to Kazakhstan and western Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE53F030",null,null,"inter mare Caspium et lacum Aralansem in littore alto saxoso [between the Caspian Sea and Lake Aral Sea on a high rocky shore]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48330#page/17/mode/1up","Strix turcomana"],["7690","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo omissus","Dementiev, 1933","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"Turkmenistan to far western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC731246",null,null,"Ashkabad, Transcaspia.","Annexe à mon étude sur la variabilité géographique de Bubo bubo L..","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1932_T004_N004","Bubo bubo omissus"],["7691","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo hemachalanus","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"Pamir Mountains and the northern Tian Shan southward to the Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4334F6AE",null,null,"Kulu, 12,000 feet, India.","Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/337/mode/1up","B[ubo] Hemachalana"],["7692","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo tibetanus","Bianchi, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Tibet and adjacent regions of southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E47A1A0",null,null,"Upper Yangtse River in southeastern Tibet.","On five new subspecies from South-eastern Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/95/mode/1up","Bubo bubo tibetanus"],["7693","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo tarimensis","Buturlin, 1906","Opredelitel promyslovykh ptits p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern China (Tarim Basin in western Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CFDF1C3",null,null,"Lob nor, Tarim Basin, Chinese Turkestan.",null,null,"Bubo bubo tarimensis"],["7694","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo kiautschensis","Reichenow, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern China (south to Yunnan and Guangdong) eastward to Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBDD55D7",null,null,"Kiaochow, Shantung, China.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kiautschou.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/103/mode/1up","Bubo kiautschensis"],["7695","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo ussuriensis","Polyakov, 1915","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia to northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E045E633",null,null,"Nikolsk-Ussuriski, Ussuriland.","K ornitofaune Primorskoi oblasti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/416/mode/1up","Bubo bubo ussuriensis"],["7696","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bubo borissowi","Hesse, 1915","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.3 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin and the southern Kuril Islands (south from Urup), and northern Japan (northern Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDF0A755",null,null,"Sakhalin.","Neuer Beitrag zur Ornis von Sachalin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/392/mode/1up","Bubo bubo borissowi"],["7697","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo bengalensis","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.115","Indian Eagle-Owl","Rock Eagle-Owl","Rock Eagle-owl",null,null,"Indian subcontinent to Himalayan foothills and western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688934","roeowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roeowl1","avibase-C4D3F66E",null,null,"The Ganges between Calcutta and Benares and in the Vindhyan Hills between the latter place and Gurra Mundela.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/129/mode/1up","Otus Bengalensis"],["7698","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo cinerascens","Guérin-Méneville, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.321","Greyish Eagle-Owl","Grayish Eagle-Owl","Greyish Eagle-owl",null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Somalia, northern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61741660","graeao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graeao1","avibase-0018A99B",null,null,"Abyssinia; Adowa, Ethiopia fixed as restricted type locality by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 57, 1937, p. 158.","Oiseaux nouveaux découverts par MM. Ferret et Galinier pendant leur voyage en Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/329/mode/1up","Bubo cinerascens"],["7699","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo africanus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.9, vol.2 pl.50","Spotted Eagle-Owl","Spotted Eagle-Owl","Spotted Eagle-owl","2025-0386","Taxon <em>milesi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Bubo africanus</em> (monotypic) based on clear vocal differences, as well as differences in plumage and iris color (Robb 2015; Collar &amp; Boesman 2019).","southern Gabon eastward to Uganda and southward through southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216709698","spoeao2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spoeao2","avibase-DC8CC91D",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/99/mode/1up","Strix africana"],["7700","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Bubo milesi","Sharpe, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.163 pl.6","Arabian Eagle-Owl","Arabian Eagle-Owl","Arabian Eagle-owl","2025-0386","Taxon <em>milesi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Bubo africanus</em> (monotypic) based on clear vocal differences, as well as differences in plumage and iris color (Robb 2015; Collar &amp; Boesman 2019).","southwestern Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216709635","speowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/speowl2","avibase-A2234987",null,null,"Muscat [i.e. Masqat], Arabia.","On a Collection of Birds from the vicinity of Muscat.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/205/mode/1up","Bubo milesi"],["7701","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Scotopelia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.44",null,null,null,"2025-0384","The genus <em>Ketupa </em>(polytypic, comprising <em>blakistoni, ketupu, zeylonensis</em> and <em>flavipes</em>) is expanded to include eight species previously placed in <em>Bubo</em>; four of these (<em>poensis, lactea, nipalensis</em>, and <em>sumatrana</em>) group with <em>Ketupa sensu stricto</em> based on genetic data (Omote et al. 2013; Salter et al. 2020; Wink &amp; Sauer-Gürth 2021), while the remaining four (<em>shelleyi, coromanda, leucosticta,</em> and <em>philippensis</em>) are provisionally placed in <em>Ketupa </em>based on morphology. This arrangement recognizes three genera: a reduced <em>Bubo </em>(Old and New World taxa); an expanded <em>Ketupa </em>(tropical Afro-Asian taxa); and the morphologically distinct <em>Scotopelia</em>, recovered as the sister clade to <em>Ketupa </em>based on genomic data (Salter et al. 2020), or embedded within it based on mitochondrial DNA (Wink &amp; Sauer-Gürth 2021); further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Strix peli [Temminck]; type by monotypy = Scotopelia peli Bonaparte, 1850",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/88/mode/1up","Scotopelia"],["7702","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Scotopelia peli","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.44","Pel's Fishing Owl","Pel's Fishing-Owl","Pel's Fishing-owl",null,null,"locally in riverine forest of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689032","pefowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pefowl1","avibase-034B2A6A",null,null,"Ashanti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/88/mode/1up","Strix peli"],["7703","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Scotopelia ussheri","Sharpe, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1 p.101 pl.12","Rufous Fishing Owl","Rufous Fishing-Owl","Rufous Fishing-owl",null,null,"rainforest of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Ghana",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689038","rufowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufowl1","avibase-F07B8BD1",null,null,"Fanti, Gold Coast.","Description of Two new Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/129/mode/1up","Scotopelia ussheri"],["7704","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Scotopelia bouvieri","Sharpe, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5 p.260","Vermiculated Fishing Owl","Vermiculated Fishing-Owl","Vermiculated Fishing-owl",null,null,"southern Cameroon to Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689048","vefowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vefowl1","avibase-E0D3E4C1",null,null,"Lopé, Ogowe River, Gaboon.","Contributions to a History of the Accipitres. Notes on Birds of Prey in the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes and in the Collection of Mons. A. Bouvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/292/mode/1up","Scotopelia bouvieri"],["7705","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.114",null,null,null,"2025-0384","The genus <em>Ketupa </em>(polytypic, comprising <em>blakistoni, ketupu, zeylonensis</em> and <em>flavipes</em>) is expanded to include eight species previously placed in <em>Bubo</em>; four of these (<em>poensis, lactea, nipalensis</em>, and <em>sumatrana</em>) group with <em>Ketupa sensu stricto</em> based on genetic data (Omote et al. 2013; Salter et al. 2020; Wink &amp; Sauer-Gürth 2021), while the remaining four (<em>shelleyi, coromanda, leucosticta,</em> and <em>philippensis</em>) are provisionally placed in <em>Ketupa </em>based on morphology. This arrangement recognizes three genera: a reduced <em>Bubo </em>(Old and New World taxa); an expanded <em>Ketupa </em>(tropical Afro-Asian taxa); and the morphologically distinct <em>Scotopelia</em>, recovered as the sister clade to <em>Ketupa </em>based on genomic data (Salter et al. 2020), or embedded within it based on mitochondrial DNA (Wink &amp; Sauer-Gürth 2021); further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ketupa javanensis [Lesson, 1830]; type by virtual tautonymy = Strix ketupu Horsfield, 1821  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/152/mode/1up","Ketupa"],["7706","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa poensis","(Fraser, 1854)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.248 p.13,14","Fraser's Eagle-Owl","Fraser's Eagle-Owl","Fraser's Eagle-owl","2025-0385","Taxon <em>vosseleri </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Bubo poensis</em> based on similarities in vocalizations (Dowsett-Lemaire 2006), and behavioral responses (Hunter et al. 1998).","disjunctly in lowland to montane rainforest edges and clearings, secondary forest, and plantations, from Guinea and Liberia eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastern Tanzanian highlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730030","fraeao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fraeao1","avibase-733CBE2A",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Descriptions of Two new Birds, from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/35/mode/1up","Bubo Poensis"],["7707","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa poensis poensis","(Fraser, 1854)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.248 p.13,14",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Liberia to western Uganda and northwestern Angola; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76F168BB",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Descriptions of Two new Birds, from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/35/mode/1up","Bubo Poensis"],["7708","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa poensis vosseleri","(Reichenow, 1908)","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Usambara and Uluguru mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB9470D",null,null,"Amani, Tanganyika Territory.","[Bubo vosseleri n. sp. ].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/151/mode/1up","Bubo vosseleri"],["7709","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa leucosticta","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.354","Akun Eagle-Owl","Akun Eagle-Owl","Akun Eagle-owl",null,null,"Sierra Leone and Liberia to Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688996","akeowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/akeowl1","avibase-B55D5658",null,null,"Dabocrom, Gold Coast.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/366/mode/1up","Bubo leucostictus"],["7710","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa lactea","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.1, vol.2 pl.4","Verreaux's Eagle-Owl","Verreaux's Eagle-Owl","Verreaux's Eagle-owl",null,null,"savanna and woodland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688986","veeowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/veeowl1","avibase-EBD3129B",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/75/mode/1up","Strix lactea"],["7711","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa shelleyi","(Sharpe & Ussher, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.182","Shelley's Eagle-Owl","Shelley's Eagle-Owl","Shelley's Eagle-owl",null,null,"Sierra Leone and Liberia to Cameroon, Gabon, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688980","sheowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sheowl1","avibase-AFF21113",null,null,"Fantee, Gold Coast.","On Three new Species of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/216/mode/1up","Huhua shelleyi"],["7712","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa blakistoni","(Seebohm, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.5 p.42","Blakiston's Fish Owl","Blakiston's Fish-Owl",null,"2026-055","Despite only comparatively low divergence in mtDNA (Omote et al. 2018), <em>Ketupa doerriesi</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>K. blakistoni</em> based on stark differences in vocalizations, with the vocal duet of <em>K. doerriesi </em>structurally different from that of <em>K. blakistoni </em>(Movin et al. 2022).The split is moreover supported by morphological differences including the larger size of <em>K. doerriesi </em>and the presence of a white nape patch in <em>K. doerriesi </em>that <em>K. blakistoni </em>lacks.","Sakhalin (at least formerly), Kunashir, in southern Kuril Islands, and eastern Hokkaido (northern Japan)",null,null,null,"blafio4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blafio4","avibase-B7C7D398",null,null,"Hokkaido, Japan; type from Hakodate, fide Hartert.","[Exhibition of a new species of Owl from Yezo, the north island of Japan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/76/mode/1up","Bubo blakistoni"],["7713","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa doerriesi","(Seebohm, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.4","Northern Fish Owl","Northern Fish-Owl",null,"2026-055","Despite only comparatively low divergence in mtDNA (Omote et al. 2018), <em>Ketupa doerriesi</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>K. blakistoni</em> based on stark differences in vocalizations, with the vocal duet of <em>K. doerriesi </em>structurally different from that of <em>K. blakistoni </em>(Movin et al. 2022).The split is moreover supported by morphological differences including the larger size of <em>K. doerriesi </em>and the presence of a white nape patch in <em>K. doerriesi </em>that <em>K. blakistoni </em>lacks.","far eastern Russia from southern Magadan southward to southern Primorsky Krai, and at least formerly in northeastern Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, northeastern China",null,null,null,"blafio2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blafio2","avibase-3BB302BC",null,null,"Sidemi on the lower Ussuri.","[Description of a new species of Eagle-Owl from Sidemi, in the Ussuri country, E. Siberia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/298/mode/1up","Bubo doerriesi"],["7714","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa ketupu","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.141","Buffy Fish Owl","Buffy Fish-Owl","Buffy Fish-owl",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest bordering rivers and lakes, fish ponds, old plantations, and mangroves, from eastern India and Bangladesh southward through southeastern Asia to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689024","bufowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufowl2","avibase-C1AAB74D",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/160/mode/1up","Strix Ketupu"],["7715","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa ketupu ketupu","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India eastward to Vietnam and the Malay Peninsula, southward through Sumatra and its eastern satellite islands, Java, Bali, and Borneo (except coastal northwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E892BEF",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/160/mode/1up","Strix Ketupu"],["7716","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa ketupu minor","Büttikofer, 1896","Notes from the Leyden Museum 18 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84F97E51",null,null,"Nias Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37315#page/177/mode/1up","Ketupa minor"],["7717","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa ketupu pageli","(Neumann, 1935)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F44CB23",null,null,"Marudo Bay, Bengkoka River, eastern coast of British North Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/176/mode/1up","Bubo ketupu pageli"],["7718","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa zeylonensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.287","Brown Fish Owl","Brown Fish-Owl","Brown Fish-owl",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill woodland, riparian forest, well-vegetated ravines near water, and undisturbed wadis, of southern Türkiye and southern Iran, and from Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, eastward to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to southeastern Asia and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689012","brfowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brfowl1","avibase-CFDF9E89",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/299/mode/1up","Strix zeylonensis"],["7719","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa zeylonensis semenowi","Zarudny, 1905","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 16 p.141-142",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Türkiye to Israel, northern Syria, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E30F9E01",null,null,"Eastern slopes of the Zagros Mountains, Persian Arabistan; male cotype from Schuster, female cotype from Tscheschme-Rogan.","Zwei ornithologische Neuheiten aus West-Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209442#page/167/mode/1up","Ketupa semenowi"],["7720","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa zeylonensis leschenaulti","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.4, vol.2 pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,"India south of Himalayas to Myanmar and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F23FA4D6",null,null,"Eastern provinces of India = Chandranagore by designation of Stuart Baker, antea, 1927, p. 409.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/87/mode/1up","Strix leschenaulti"],["7721","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa zeylonensis zeylonensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11EA87A6",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/299/mode/1up","Strix zeylonensis"],["7722","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa zeylonensis orientalis","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southeastern China, Malayan Peninsula, Indochina, and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B9AEA9C",null,null,"Dakto, Annam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/45/mode/1up","Ketupa ceylonensis orientalis"],["7723","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa flavipes","(Hodgson, 1836)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.54 p.364 pl.26","Tawny Fish Owl","Tawny Fish-Owl","Tawny Fish-owl",null,null,"Himalayas to southern China, northeastern Myanmar, southern Indochina, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689017","tafowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tafowl1","avibase-67CA1D26",null,null,"Nepal.","On a new Piscatory Genus of the Strigine Family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/424/mode/1up","Cultrunguis Flavipes"],["7724","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa coromanda","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.53","Dusky Eagle-Owl","Dusky Eagle-Owl","Dusky Eagle-owl",null,null,"central Pakistan (rare), north-central to south-central India and western Assam, disjunctly Malayan Peninsula, and formerly in northeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688992","dueowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dueowl1","avibase-15789B6D",null,null,"Coromandel Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/75/mode/1up","Strix coromanda"],["7725","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa coromanda coromanda","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan to northern and central India, southern Nepal, and Bangladesh; disjunct population in southeastern China (Jiangxi and Zhejiang) perhaps also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6BA1E7C",null,null,"Coromandel Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/75/mode/1up","Strix coromanda"],["7726","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa coromanda klossii","(Robinson, 1911)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 4 nos.3&4 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, and northern peninsular Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5BBD33F",null,null,"Gunong Semanggol, Perak, Malay States.","On a Horned Owl new to the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62879#page/258/mode/1up","Bubo coromandus klossii"],["7727","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.172","Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl","Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl","Spot-bellied Eagle-owl",null,null,"Himalayas southward to India and Sri Lanka, and eastward to southwestern China (Yunnan), Myanmar, and Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688970","sbeowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbeowl1","avibase-F5EBAA64",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/222/mode/1up","Bubo nipalensis"],["7728","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa nipalensis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas to India, southwestern China (Yunnan), Myanmar, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8F7215F",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/222/mode/1up","Bubo nipalensis"],["7729","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa nipalensis blighi","(Legge, 1878)","A history of the birds of Ceylon 1 p.133 [CWR]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57F25492",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113910#page/199/mode/1up","Bubo blighi"],["7730","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa sumatrana","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.279","Barred Eagle-Owl","Barred Eagle-Owl","Barred Eagle-owl",null,null,"humid forest and adjacent clearings in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Java, Bali, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688976","baeowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baeowl1","avibase-D84BD94B",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/311/mode/1up","Strix Sumatrana"],["7731","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa sumatrana sumatrana","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-509658F9",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/311/mode/1up","Strix Sumatrana"],["7732","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa sumatrana strepitans","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.30, vol.2 pl.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BD6DA89",null,null,"Batavia, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/79/mode/1up","Strix strepitans"],["7733","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa sumatrana tenuifasciata","(Mees, 1964)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 40 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FCF5173",null,null,"Rantau, S.E. Borneo [Kalimantan, Indonesia]","Geographical variation in Bubo sumatranus (Raffles) (Aves, Strigidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318191/ZM1964040013.pdf#page=2","Bubo sumatranus tenuifasciatus"],["7734","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa philippensis","(Kaup, 1851)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 17, bd.1 p.110","Philippine Eagle-Owl","Philippine Eagle-Owl","Philippine Eagle-owl",null,null,"Philippines (except West Visayas, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689002","pheowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pheowl2","avibase-70EBBE58",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48697#page/124/mode/1up","Pseudoptynx philippensis"],["7735","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa philippensis philippensis","(Kaup, 1851)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 17, bd.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D83C3853",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48697#page/124/mode/1up","Pseudoptynx philippensis"],["7736","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Ketupa philippensis mindanensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Samar, Leyte, and Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCE4D3BF",null,null,"Davao, Mindanao.","On two new species from South-east Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/125/mode/1up","Pseudoptynx mindanensis"],["7737","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Psiloscops","Coues, 1899","The Osprey 3, no.9 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scops flammeola [Kaup, 1852]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Psiloscops"],["7738","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Psiloscops flammeolus","(Kaup, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology p.111","Flammulated Owl","Flammulated Owl","Flammulated Owl",null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to southwestern USA and southern Mexico; winters to Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688637","flaowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flaowl","avibase-1BF907B6",null,null,"Mexico.","Monograph of the Owls - Strigidae.",null,"Scops (Megascops) flammeola"],["7739","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Gymnasio","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.543",null,null,null,"2025-0378","Taxon <em>nudipes </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Gymnasio </em>based on genetic data. Retaining <em>nudipes </em>in <em>Megascops </em>renders the genus paraphyletic, an arrangement recovered by nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA (Dantas et al. 2016), and genomic data (Salter et al. 2020).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Strix nudipes [Daudin, 1800]",null,"Tableaux des oiseaux de proie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/553/mode/1up","Gymnasio"],["7740","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Gymnasio nudipes","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.199","Puerto Rican Owl","Puerto Rican Owl","Puerto Rican Owl","2025-0378","Taxon <em>nudipes </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Gymnasio </em>based on genetic data. Retaining <em>nudipes </em>in <em>Megascops </em>renders the genus paraphyletic, an arrangement recovered by nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA (Dantas et al. 2016), and genomic data (Salter et al. 2020).","forested lowlands of Puerto Rico, and (formerly at least) Isla de Culebra and Isla de Vieques (both just east of Puerto Rico), and Virgin Islands (where perhaps extinct)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688891","prsowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prsowl","avibase-80A077C8",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/215/mode/1up","Strix nudipes"],["7741","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Gymnasio nudipes nudipes","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8E02400",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/215/mode/1up","Strix nudipes"],["7742","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Gymnasio nudipes newtoni","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"islas de Culebra and Vieques (both just east of Puerto Rico), and Virgin Islands; perhaps extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED20188B",null,null,"St. Croix, Virgin Islands, ex Ibis, 1859, pl. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/279/mode/1up","Gymnoglaux Newtoni"],["7743","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops","Kaup, 1848","Isis von Oken 41, heft 10 col.769",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Strix asio [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 9).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/426/mode/1up","Megascops"],["7744","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops clarkii","(Kelso & Kelso, 1935)","Biological Leaflet no.5FALSE","Bare-shanked Screech Owl","Bare-shanked Screech-Owl","Bare-shanked Screech-owl",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica to far northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688799","bssowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bssowl","avibase-C24A665C",null,null,"Calobre, Panama.","Supplement to a key to species of American Owls.","https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/global_owl_project/descriptions/Megascops/Megascops%20clarkii%20(Kelso,%20L.%20&%20E.H.%20Kelso)%201935,%20Biological%20Leaflet%20No.5..pdf","Otus clarkii"],["7745","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops trichopsis","(Wagler, 1832)","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.276","Whiskered Screech Owl","Whiskered Screech-Owl","Whiskered Screech-owl",null,null,"montane forest from southeastern Arizona on Pacific slope and central Nuevo León on Caribbean slope through transvolcanic belt of Mexico southward to southern Oaxaca, thence Chiapas to northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688766","whsowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsowl1","avibase-2E2B24EB",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/156/mode/1up","Scops trichopsis"],["7746","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops trichopsis aspersus","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona to northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD1BB7B3",null,null,"El Carmen, Chihuahua.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Megascops aspersus"],["7747","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops trichopsis trichopsis","(Wagler, 1832)","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.276",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Mexico (Durango to Veracruz and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C2D28C7",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/156/mode/1up","Scops trichopsis"],["7748","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops trichopsis mesamericanus","(Van Rossem, 1932)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF1A7466",null,null,"Los Esesmiles, 8000 feet, Chalatenango, El Salvador.","A southern race of the Spotted Screech Owl.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/232/mode/1up","Otus trichopsis mesamericanus"],["7749","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops albogularis","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.124","White-throated Screech Owl","White-throated Screech-Owl","White-throated Screech-owl","2025-0396","Taxon <em>aequatorialis </em>is not recognized as it is a junior synonym of nominate <em>Megascops ingens</em> (Traylor 1952).","montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela and Sierra de Perijá southward in the eastern, western, and central Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador to northwestern Peru, in Cajamarca, north and west of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia in La Paz and Cochabamba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688903","whtsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtsco1","avibase-F72A3AA5",null,null,"South America, restricted to Choachi, 15 miles east of Bogotá, by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 254.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/148/mode/1up","Syrnium albo-gularis"],["7750","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops albogularis obscurus","(Phelps & Phelps, 1953)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-487EF377",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina (summit), upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela, 2300 m","Eight new birds and thirty-three extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/154/mode/1up","Otus albo-gularis obscurus"],["7751","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops albogularis meridensis","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A86AC73",null,null,"Escorial, 2300 metres, near Mérida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Ciccaba albogularis meridensis"],["7752","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops albogularis macabrus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D5DDDB6",null,null,"Amer. meridion.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/101/mode/1up","Syrnium macabrum"],["7753","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops albogularis albogularis","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C26AB8F7",null,null,"South America, restricted to Choachi, 15 miles east of Bogotá, by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 254.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/148/mode/1up","Syrnium albo-gularis"],["7754","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops albogularis remotus","(Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941)","Notulae Naturae no.93 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru to western Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98B48217",null,null,"Incachaca (10,000 feet), Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia. Part IV.",null,"Otus albogularis remotus"],["7755","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops koepckeae","(Hekstra, 1982)","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 9, no.7 p.49-63","Koepcke's Screech Owl","Koepcke's Screech-Owl","Koepcke's Screech-owl",null,null,"dry intermontane valleys in the Andes of southern Ecuador, in Loja, southward patchily in the Andes of Peru to Apurimac and Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688782","koesco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/koesco1","avibase-BAC655C3",null,null,"Koepcke collection 1699 a.u. on loan in AMNH, female adult, 3 Aug. I960, Peru, Dep. Ancash, Quebrada Yanganuco, near Yungai, Cordillera Bianca, in Polylepis wood, 4000 m, grey morph, wing about l80 mm, collected by Maria Koepcke. Distribution an habitat. Peruvian and Bolivian Andes between 1500-4500 m (5000-15000 ft), in Bolivia eventually lower; subtropical and lower temperate dry woodland and cloud forest, up to the tree limit.","Description of twenty four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505424/BULL1982009007001.pdf","Otus choliba koepckei"],["7756","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops koepckeae koepckeae","(Hekstra, 1982)","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 9, no.7 p.49-63",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of Peru from Lambayeque to Lima, and Marañón valley in Amazonas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01770F71",null,null,"Koepcke collection 1699 a.u. on loan in AMNH, female adult, 3 Aug. I960, Peru, Dep. Ancash, Quebrada Yanganuco, near Yungai, Cordillera Bianca, in Polylepis wood, 4000 m, grey morph, wing about l80 mm, collected by Maria Koepcke. Distribution an habitat. Peruvian and Bolivian Andes between 1500-4500 m (5000-15000 ft), in Bolivia eventually lower; subtropical and lower temperate dry woodland and cloud forest, up to the tree limit.","Description of twenty four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505424/BULL1982009007001.pdf","Otus choliba koepckei"],["7757","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops koepckeae hockingi","Fjeldså, Baiker, Engblom et al., 2012","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 132, no.3 p.189 [180-193]",null,null,null,null,null,"inter-Andean valleys of central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C5A5C3E",null,null,"C'onoq [= Cconoc] am Río Apurímac, Apurímac, Peru","Reappraisal of Koepcke’s Screech Owl (Megascops koepckeae) and description of a new subspecies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229127#page/55/mode/1up","Megascops koepckeae hockingi"],["7758","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.39","Tropical Screech Owl","Tropical Screech-Owl","Tropical Screech-owl",null,null,"various habitats in the lowlands and montane regions from north-central Costa Rica eastward to northern South America; widespread in the Andes and Cauca and Magdalena valleys of Colombia, then eastward across Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), Trinidad, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and from eastern Colombia southward to Paraguay and north-central Argentina (to Río Negro); in interior and eastern Brazil southward to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688774","trsowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trsowl","avibase-E2B40A6E",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/47/mode/1up","Strix choliba"],["7759","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba luctisonus","(Bangs & Penard, 1921)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia; Pearl Islands (Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B74A4F8",null,null,"Escazu, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of six new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/113/mode/1up","Otus choliba luctisonus"],["7760","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba margaritae","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6112107",null,null,"Margarita Island, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/14/mode/1up","Otus choliba margaritae"],["7761","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba duidae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Duida Mountains (southern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9A1D4BC",null,null,"Mount Duida, 5000 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Otus choliba duidae"],["7762","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba cruciger","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.22, pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, eastern Peru, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0025C7DB",null,null,"'Juxta Humeri Amazonum.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/40/mode/1up","Strix crucigera"],["7763","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba surutus","(Kelso, 1941)","Biological Leaflet 13FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FE0FD18",null,null,"Río Río Surutu, Buenavista, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, altitude 400 m","Additional races of American owls.",null,"Otus choliba surutus"],["7764","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba decussatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F7491C7",null,null,"Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/79/mode/1up","Strix decussata"],["7765","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba choliba","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (southern Mato Grosso and São Paulo) to eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D113460A",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/47/mode/1up","Strix choliba"],["7766","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba wetmorei","(Brodkorb, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"western Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ED0D2A1",null,null,"Puerto Casado, Paraguayan Chaco.","Additions to the avifauna of Paraguay.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/55/mode/1up","Otus choliba wetmorei"],["7767","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops choliba uruguaii","(Hekstra, 1982)","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 9, no.7 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E0B1C0C",null,null,"AMNH 76736, female adult, 29 May 1958, Argentina, Misiones, Arroyo, River Uruguai, km 10; inter-morph, wing l80 mm; collected by W.H. Partridge, as one of a series of 14 containing 8 grey, 3 inter, and 3 red morphs (one very red). Distribution and habitat. Subtropical conifer forests of the Upper Uruguai and Pelotas valley and adjacent parts of Misiones, Río Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, and extending through the Serra Paraná-piacaba into southern Sâo Paulo.","Description of twenty four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505424/BULL1982009007001.pdf","Otus choliba uruguaii"],["7768","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops sanctaecatarinae","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.37","Long-tufted Screech Owl","Long-tufted Screech-Owl","Long-tufted Screech-owl",null,null,"foothills of southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688874","lotsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotsco1","avibase-2894618C",null,null,"Southern Brazil.","On new species of Scops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/397/mode/1up","Scops sanctae-catarinae"],["7769","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops barbarus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.56","Bearded Screech Owl","Bearded Screech-Owl","Bearded Screech-owl",null,null,"montane forest of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and northern Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688807","besowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/besowl","avibase-E474A4C4",null,null,"Santa Barbara, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Strigidae, and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/88/mode/1up","Scops barbarus"],["7770","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops seductus","(Moore, 1941)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.156","Balsas Screech Owl","Balsas Screech-Owl","Balsas Screech-owl",null,null,"southwestern Mexico (southern Jalisco and Colima to western Guerrero)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724664","basowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/basowl","avibase-1C5C4EBB",null,null,"5 miles northweast of Apatzingan, Michoacan, Mexico, 1000 feet alt.","Three new races in the genus Otus from central Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/180/mode/1up","Otus vinaceus seductus"],["7771","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops cooperi","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.21 p.116","Pacific Screech Owl","Pacific Screech-Owl","Pacific Screech-owl",null,null,"deciduous forest and scrub in the Pacific lowlands of Mexico from southern Oaxaca southeastward across southern Guatemala to southeastern Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155658784","pasowl4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pasowl4","avibase-3D44C5CD",null,null,"Santa Ana, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/134/mode/1up","Scops cooperi"],["7772","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops cooperi lambi","(Moore & Marshall, 1959)","The Condor 61, no.3 p.224,225",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Mexico (Pacific slope of Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DCC983F",null,null,"Río Tehuantepec, 3000 feet, 2 miles west of Nejapa, Oaxaca, Mexico","A New Race of Screech Owl from Oaxaca.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol61/iss3/10/","Otus asio lambi"],["7773","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops cooperi cooperi","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.21 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (far eastern Oaxaca and Chiapas) southward to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABFEA300",null,null,"Santa Ana, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/134/mode/1up","Scops cooperi"],["7774","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops asio","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92","Eastern Screech Owl","Eastern Screech-Owl","Eastern Screech-owl",null,null,"various forest and woodland habitats in central and eastern US and far southern Canada (in the provinces of Manitoba, adjacent Saskatchewan, Ontario and Quebec) southward to southern Florida, southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (southward to northernmost San Luis Potosí and southern Tamaulipas); in US west to the Rocky Mountains in central Montana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155660662","easowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easowl1","avibase-A69062C8",null,null,"America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Asio"],["7775","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops asio maxwelliae","(Ridgway, 1877)","Field and Forest 2 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Canada and north-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2077FB76",null,null,"Mountains of Colorado = Boulder County.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112037#page/237/mode/1up","Scops asio maxwelliae"],["7776","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops asio asio","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Canada and northeastern USA southward to central and east-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05678385",null,null,"America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix Asio"],["7777","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops asio hasbroucki","(Ridgway, 1914)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.694, key p.684",null,null,null,null,null,"central Oklahoma to Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D781559",null,null,"Palo Pinto County, Texas.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/722/mode/1up","Otus asio hasbroucki"],["7778","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops asio mccallii","(Cassin, 1854)","Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America p.180,181",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas to northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9241ABA3",null,null,"Texas and northern Mexico = Lower Río Grande, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87221#page/254/mode/1up","Scops McCallii"],["7779","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops asio floridanus","(Ridgway, 1874)","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5(1873) p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Louisiana to Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FE2F50B",null,null,"Indian River, Florida.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/208/mode/1up","Scops asio var. Floridanus"],["7780","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii","(Elliot, 1867)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.99","Western Screech Owl","Western Screech-Owl","Western Screech-owl",null,null,"riparian and deciduous to semi-humid forest and woodland from southwestern Alaska, US, southward across western Canada and western US to southern Baja California and northwestern Mexico (southward to northern Sinaloa); in US eastward to northern Wyoming, southeastern Colorado and adjacent Oklahoma, eastern New Mexico, central Texas, and in central Mexico southward to the volcanic belt in northern Michoacan eastward to Puebla",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688747","wesowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesowl1","avibase-89F8B6F5",null,null,"Sitka, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/109/mode/1up","Scops Kennicottii"],["7781","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii kennicottii","(Elliot, 1867)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of North America from southeastern Alaska southward to southern Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF520600",null,null,"Sitka, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/109/mode/1up","Scops Kennicottii"],["7782","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei","Brewster, 1891","The Auk 8, no.2 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern British Columbia southward to eastern Oregon, Idaho, and western Montana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4C08A35",null,null,"Walla Walla, Washington.","Descriptions of Seven Supposed New North American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss2/2/","Megascops asio macfarlanei"],["7783","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii bendirei","(Brewster, 1882)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of North America from south-central Oregon southward through California (west of the Sierra Nevada) to northwestern Mexico (coastal northern Baja California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0F54382",null,null,"Nicasio, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69166#page/45/mode/1up","Scops asio bendirei"],["7784","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii aikeni","Brewster, 1891","The Auk 8, no.2 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"California east of the Sierra Nevada and Nevada eastward to Colorado and western Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C787703",null,null,"El Paso County, Colorado.","Descriptions of seven supposed new North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss2/2/","Megascops asio aikeni"],["7785","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii cardonensis","(Huey, 1926)","The Auk 43, no.3 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E072795",null,null,"Canyon San Juan de Dios, 10 miles east of El Rosario, Lower California.","Notes from north-western Lower California, with the description of an apparently new race of the Screech Owl.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol43/iss3/9/","Otus asio cardonensis"],["7786","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii xantusi","Brewster, 1902","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 41, no.1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape district of southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CC9D6C6",null,null,"Santa Anita, Lower California.","Birds of the Cape region of Lower California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21826#page/105/mode/1up","Megascops xantusi"],["7787","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii yumanensis","(Miller & Miller, 1951)","The Condor 53, no.4 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern California and southwestern Arizona to northern Mexico (northwestern Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-913735D1",null,null,"10 miles west of Pilot Knob, 1 mile south of Mexican boundary, Baja California, Mexico","Geographic Variation of the Screech Owls of the Deserts of Western North America","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol53/iss4/1/","Otus asio yumanensis"],["7788","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii vinaceus","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico (southern Sonora and western Chihuahua to northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7F6D0DF",null,null,"Durasno, Chihuahua.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Megascops vinaceus"],["7789","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops kennicottii suttoni","(Moore, 1941)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Texas to Mexican Plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9FB94FE",null,null,"Porteguelo, about 5800 feet, Hidalgo, Mexico","Three new races in the genus Otus from Central Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/178/mode/1up","Otus asio suttoni"],["7790","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops ingens","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.37","Rufescent Screech Owl","Rufescent Screech-Owl","Rufescent Screech-owl","2025-0395, 2025-0396","2025-0395)) Taxon <em>colombianus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Otus ingens</em> based on vocalizations and genetics. Although morphological differences between <em>ingens</em> and <em>colombianus</em> (Fitzpatrick &amp; O'Neill 1986) are apparent (e.g., tarsal length and extent of tarsal feathering), vocalizations (Krabbe 2017), and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Dantas et al. 2019) are more consistent with subspecies-level divergence. 2025-0396)) Taxon <em>aequatorialis </em>is not recognized, as it is a junior synonym of nominate <em>Megascops ingens</em> (Traylor 1952).","montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Carabobo and Aragua), Sierra de Perijá, and Andes from western Venezuela southward in the western and central Andes of Colombia to west-central Ecuador, and in the eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador southward across Peru to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232594776","rufsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufsco1","avibase-CA408A36",null,null,"Jima, Ecuador.","On new species of Scops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/397/mode/1up","Scops ingens"],["7791","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops ingens venezuelanus","(Phelps & Phelps, 1954)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9217F91E",null,null,"From Cerro Pejochaina, alto Río Negro, Sierra de Perijfl, Zulia, Venezuela; 1700 meters","Notes on Venezuelan birds and descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796#page/125/mode/1up","Otus aequatorialis venezuelanus"],["7792","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops ingens ingens","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Ecuador to Peru and west-central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33BE9D67",null,null,"Jima, Ecuador.","On new species of Scops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/397/mode/1up","Scops ingens"],["7793","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops ingens colombianus","(Traylor, 1952)","Natural History Miscellanea no.99 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7235DAD7",null,null,"El Tambo, Cauca, Colombia, alt. 5000 feet","A new race of Otus ingens (Salvin) from Colombia.",null,"Otus colombianus"],["7794","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops petersoni","(Fitzpatrick & O'Neill, 1986)","Wilson Bulletin 98, no.1 p.1-14,front.","Cinnamon Screech Owl","Cinnamon Screech-Owl","Cinnamon Screech-owl",null,null,"cloudforest of southern Ecuador to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688840","cinsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinsco1","avibase-C2937B68",null,null,"Cordillera del Condor, above San José de Lourdes, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru, 5 02'S, 78 51'W, elevation 1950 m","Otus petersoni, a new species of screech-owl from the eastern Andes, with systematic notes on O. columbianus and O. ingens.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol98/iss1/1/","Otus petersoni"],["7795","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops marshalli","(Weske & Terborgh, 1981)","The Auk 98, no.1 p.1-7","Cloud-forest Screech Owl","Cloud-forest Screech-Owl","Cloud-forest Screech-owl",null,null,"cloudforest of east slope of Andes from central Peru (Pasco) southward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688847","clfsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clfsco1","avibase-331C23BF",null,null,"Cordillera Vilcabamba, 12 38'S, 73 36'W, elev. 2180 m, Provincia de La Convencion, Departamento de Cuzco, Peru","Otus Marshalli, a New Species of Screech-Owl from Perú","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol98/iss1/1/","Otus marshalli"],["7796","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops hoyi","(König & Straneck, 1989)","Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 428 p.4","Yungas Screech Owl","Montane Forest Screech-Owl","Yungas Screech-owl",null,null,"montane forest of southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733712","mofsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mofsco1","avibase-A910C62B",null,null,"Bergwald La Cornisa, ca. 40 km nördlich der Stadt Salta, Argentinien.","Eine neue Eule (Aves: Strigidae) aus Nordargentinien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104208#page/12/mode/1up","Otus hoyi"],["7797","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops guatemalae","(Sharpe, 1875)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 p.112 pl.9","Middle American Screech Owl","Middle American Screech-Owl",null,"2025-0377, 2025-0382","2025-0377)) Although sometimes split as a monotypic species, taxon <em>vermiculatus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Megascops guatemalae</em> based on available evidence. Limited vocal data suggest that the song of <em>vermiculatus </em>is close to that of <em>M. guatemalae</em> (Krabbe 2017) but a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking. Genetic data are also needed as the sample labeled <em>vermiculatus </em>in the mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of Dantas et al. (2016) appears to be taxon <em>centralis </em>based on locality. 2025-0382)) Taxon <em>centralis </em>(monotypic) and taxon <em>roraimae </em>(polytypic, including <em>pallidus </em>and <em>napensis</em>) are treated as separate species within <em>Megascops </em>based on vocalizations and genetics. Sometimes included in <em>M. guatemalae</em> or <em>M. vermiculatus</em>, <em>centralis </em>is vocally the most distinctive (Krabbe 2017), and mitochondrial DNA data (Dantas et al. 2016) support separation of <em>roraimae </em>from the <em>M. guatemalae</em> complex.","Pacific slope of Mexico from southern Sonora to Oaxaca and Caribbean slope from central Tamaulipas through Yucatan Peninsula (including Cozumel) through eastern Costa Rica (and perhaps western Panama)",null,null,null,"vesowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vesowl","avibase-024EB09F",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34313#page/128/mode/1up","Scops guatemalae"],["7798","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops guatemalae hastatus","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.626 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southeastern Sonora to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F60466B",null,null,"La Paz, Lower California, error, the type probably is from Mazatlán, Sinaloa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/282/mode/1up","Megascops hastatus"],["7799","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops guatemalae cassini","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.21 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas and northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78A5C41F",null,null,"Hacienda Mirador and Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/120/mode/1up","Scops brasilianus cassini"],["7800","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops guatemalae fuscus","(Moore & Peters, 1939)","The Auk 56, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFB767FB",null,null,"Motzorongo, Vera Cruz.","The genus Otus of Mexico and Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol56/iss1/5/","Otus guatemalae fuscus"],["7801","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops guatemalae guatemalae","(Sharpe, 1875)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 p.112 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Veracruz and northeastern Oaxaca (Mexico) including Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel Island southward to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9054529",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34313#page/128/mode/1up","Scops guatemalae"],["7802","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops guatemalae dacrysistactus","(Moore & Peters, 1939)","The Auk 56, no.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ADCDB10",null,null,"Jalapa, northern Nicaragua, January 20, 1909; collected by W. B. Richardson","The genus Otus of Mexico and Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol56/iss1/5/","Otus guatemalae dacrysistactus"],["7803","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops guatemalae vermiculatus","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10 p.267",null,null,null,"2025-0377","Although sometimes split as a monotypic species, taxon <em>vermiculatus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Megascops guatemalae</em> based on available evidence. Limited vocal data suggest that the song of <em>vermiculatus </em>is close to that of <em>M. guatemalae</em> (Krabbe 2017) but a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking. Genetic data are also needed as the sample labeled <em>vermiculatus </em>in the mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of Dantas et al. (2016) appears to be taxon <em>centralis </em>based on locality.","Costa Rica (and western Panama?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-363055A6",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/281/mode/1up","Megascops vermiculatus"],["7804","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops centralis","(Hekstra, 1982)","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 9, no.7 p.57","Choco Screech Owl","Choco Screech-Owl",null,"2025-0382","Taxon <em>centralis </em>(monotypic) and taxon <em>roraimae </em>(polytypic, including <em>pallidus </em>and <em>napensis</em>) are treated as separate species within <em>Megascops </em>based on vocalizations and genetics. Sometimes included in <em>M. guatemalae</em> or <em>M. vermiculatus</em>, <em>centralis </em>is vocally the most distinctive (Krabbe 2017), and mitochondrial DNA data (Dantas et al. 2016) support separation of <em>roraimae </em>from the <em>M. guatemalae </em>complex.","central Panama to northern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,"versco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/versco2","avibase-6880BD07",null,null,"AMNH 476699, Andes de Cumana, Northern Venezuela, adult, sex unknown, red morph, March 1897, ex Museo Delmas, wing 167 mm. Distribution and habitat. Northern Venezuela in coastal Andes mountains from Puerto Cabello to Peninsula Paria; also to be expected in the Sierra de Perijá of northern Colombia.","Description of twenty four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505424/BULL1982009007001.pdf","Otus guatemalae centralis"],["7805","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops roraimae","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.38","Foothill Screech Owl","Foothill Screech-Owl",null,"2025-0382","Taxon <em>centralis </em>(monotypic) and taxon <em>roraimae </em>(polytypic, including <em>pallidus </em>and <em>napensis</em>) are treated as separate species within <em>Megascops </em>based on vocalizations and genetics. Sometimes included in <em>M. guatemalae</em> or <em>M. vermiculatus</em>, <em>centralis </em>is vocally the most distinctive (Krabbe 2017), and mitochondrial DNA data (Dantas et al. 2016) support separation of <em>roraimae </em>from the <em>M. guatemalae </em>complex.","humid montane forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy eastward to Miranda and in Monagas and Sucre), Sierra de Perijá, Andes of Venezuela southward in the Amazonian slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to western Bolivia (La Paz and adjacent Beni), the tepui region, and the Guianan plateau from eastern and southern Venezuela eastward to French Guiana and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,"foosco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/foosco1","avibase-D7F23E22",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/398/mode/1up","Scops roraimae"],["7806","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops roraimae roraimae","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent northern Brazil, southern Guyana, and Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD1DEAD9",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/398/mode/1up","Scops roraimae"],["7807","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops roraimae pallidus","(Hekstra, 1982)","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 9, no.7 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-533FEC61",null,null,"AMNH 476699, Andes de Cumana, Northern Venezuela, adult, sex unknown, red morph, March 1897, ex Museo Delmas, wing 167 mm. Distribution and habitat. Northern Venezuela in coastal Andes mountains from Puerto Cabello to Peninsula Paria; also to be expected in the Sierra de Perijá of northern Colombia.","Description of twenty four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505424/BULL1982009007001.pdf","Otus guatemalae pallidus"],["7808","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops roraimae napensis","(Chapman, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.332 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slopes of the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-475D8C61",null,null,"Below San Jose' de Sumaco, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3734/","Otus guatemalae napensis"],["7809","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops gilesi","Krabbe, 2017","Ornitología Colombiana 16 1-27","Santa Marta Screech Owl","Santa Marta Screech-Owl","Santa Marta Screech-owl",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155254743","samsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samsco1","avibase-74F795BB",null,null,"adult female in breeding condition collected at Las Taguas, Cuchilla San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, Magdalena department, Colombia, at an elevation of 6,000 feet [2,088 m], by M. A. Carriker, Jr. on 13 March 1919","A new species of Megascops (Strigidae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, with notes on voices of New World screech-owls","http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/16eA0801-27.pdf","Megascops gilesi"],["7810","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops roboratus","(Bangs & Noble, 1918)","The Auk 35, no.4 p.448","West Peruvian Screech Owl","Peruvian Screech-Owl","Peruvian Screech-owl",null,null,"deciduous to semi-humid forest in the lowlands of west-central Ecuador southward to northwestern Peru (Ancash), and in the middle Marañón Valley from far southern Ecuador to northern Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688790","persco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/persco1","avibase-D103C517",null,null,"Bellavista, Peru.","List of birds collected on the Harvard Peruvian Expedition of 1916.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol35/iss4/6/","Otus roboratus"],["7811","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops roboratus pacificus","(Hekstra, 1982)","Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 9, no.7 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (south to Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB8A833C",null,null,"BMNH O23.i3.i564, female adult, 27 Aug. 1899, Morropon 140 m, Piura NW Peru; grey morph, wing 150 mm; collected by P.O. Simons. Distribution and habitat. Pacific lowlands of Northern Peru from around Sullana (dept. Piura) probably as far south as the coast of the dept. La Libertad where the same climate and vegetation occur (foliaged woodland, 3900-6500 ft. according to Maria Koepcke).","Description of twenty four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505424/BULL1982009007001.pdf","Otus guatemalae pacificus"],["7812","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops roboratus roboratus","(Bangs & Noble, 1918)","The Auk 35, no.4 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (between western and central Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B070C89C",null,null,"Bellavista, Peru.","List of birds collected on the Harvard Peruvian Expedition of 1916.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol35/iss4/6/","Otus roboratus"],["7813","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops atricapilla","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.25, vol.2 pl.145","Black-capped Screech Owl","Black-capped Screech-Owl","Black-capped Screech-owl",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) to southeastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones); isolated population in Alagoas and eastern Pernambuco believed to pertain to this species.",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731897","bkcsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcsco1","avibase-C904ED78",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/119/mode/1up","Strix atricapilla"],["7814","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops watsonii","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.123","Tawny-bellied Screech Owl","Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl","Tawny-bellied Screech-owl",null,null,"humid forest in the lowlands of the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, east-central Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and Amazonian Brazil (Roraima and Amapá southward to Mato Grosso, and eastward to Tocantins, eastern Pará, and adjacent Maranhão)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22688856","tabsco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabsco1","avibase-D33F0493",null,null,"South America; Napo region of eastern Ecuador proposed by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 246; error = Orinoco River, Venezuela, cf. Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332, 1928, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/147/mode/1up","Ephialtes Watsonii"],["7815","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops watsonii watsonii","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru, Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-510FA8F6",null,null,"South America; Napo region of eastern Ecuador proposed by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 246; error = Orinoco River, Venezuela, cf. Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332, 1928, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/147/mode/1up","Ephialtes Watsonii"],["7816","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Megascops watsonii usta","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.355 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and southern Amazonian Brazil to northern Mato Grosso and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D115FB97",null,null,"Ega on the upper Amazon, i.e. Teffé, on the Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/184/mode/1up","Scops usta"],["7817","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Lophostrix","Lesson, 1836","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 7 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lophostrix griseata [Lesson, 1836]; type by monotypy = Strix cristata Daudin, 1800",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103260#page/269/mode/1up","Lophostrix"],["7818","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Lophostrix cristata","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.207","Crested Owl","Crested Owl","Crested Owl",null,null,"humid forest from southeastern Mexico southeastward across most Central America to eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and western Venezuela; west of the Andes southward in Pacific Colombia to southwestern Ecuador, in interior Colombia southward in the Magdalena Valley; east of the Andes in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to central Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689177","creowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creowl1","avibase-4DC2A2BF",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/223/mode/1up","Strix cristata"],["7819","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Lophostrix cristata stricklandi","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.3 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz) to western Panama and western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527F8039",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America. Part III. [Continued from p. 138.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/255/mode/1up","Lophostrix stricklandi"],["7820","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Lophostrix cristata wedeli","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F589FC2D",null,null,"Permé, Carribean slope of Darien, eastern Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/422/mode/1up","Lophostrix cristata wedeli"],["7821","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Lophostrix cristata cristata","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to northern Bolivia, southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1D16CC2",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/223/mode/1up","Strix cristata"],["7822","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix","Kaup, 1848","Isis von Oken 41, heft 10 col.771",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Strix torquata [Daudin, 1800]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Strix perspicillata Latham, 1790",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/427/mode/1up","Pulsatrix"],["7823","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix perspicillata","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.58","Spectacled Owl","Spectacled Owl","Spectacled Owl",null,null,"dry to humid lowland forest from southeastern Mexico, except the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastward across most Central America to northern Colombia and western Venezuela; in interior Colombia southward in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru; east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to central Bolivia, and southward in the Yungas to northwestern Argentina; in Brazil eastward to the Cerrado region from Maranhão southward to Mato Grosso do Sul, northeastern Paraguay, and adjacent Argentina, and in the Atlantic Forest from Paraíba and adjacent Rio Grande do Norte southward to São Paulo and Paraná",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689180","speowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/speowl1","avibase-BA3C3A5C",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/80/mode/1up","Strix perspicillata"],["7824","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata","Ridgway, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.758",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz and Oaxaca) to Pacific slope of western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57A6CE26",null,null,"Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, Mexico.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/786/mode/1up","Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata"],["7825","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix perspicillata chapmani","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Costa Rica and Panama to Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E764E4F",null,null,"Permé, Caribbean slope of Darien, eastern Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/421/mode/1up","Pulsatrix perspicillata chapmani"],["7826","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix perspicillata perspicillata","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, and northern Bolivia; presumably this subspecies in Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B1D63BC",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/80/mode/1up","Strix perspicillata"],["7827","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix perspicillata trinitatis","Bangs & Penard, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad (rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1348B1C7",null,null,"Trinidad.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/69/mode/1up","Pulsatrix perspicillata trinitatis"],["7828","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix perspicillata boliviana","Kelso, 1933","Biological Leaflet no.2 p.[1]",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90F8ABD5",null,null,"Caraparí, 1000 metres, Bolivia.","A new Spectacled Owl from Bolivia.","https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/global_owl_project/descriptions/Pulsatrix/Pulsatrix%20perspicillata%20boliviana%20(L.%20Kelso)%201933,%20Biological%20Leaflet%20No.2,%20page%201..PDF","Pulsatrix perspicillata boliviana"],["7829","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.362 (or p.366), note",null,null,null,null,null,"local and rare, eastern Brazil (Bahia) to São Paulo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA8AA9F2",null,null,"Rio Grande do Belmonte [i.e. Villa Belmonte] Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/380/mode/1up","Strix pulsatrix"],["7830","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana","(Bertoni & Bertoni, 1901)","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.175","Tawny-browed Owl","Tawny-browed Owl","Tawny-browed Owl",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689186","tabowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabowl1","avibase-6DC70EF3",null,null,"No locality but probably from near Puerto Bertoni on the Alto Paraná, Paraguay.","Aves nuevas del Paraguay : continuación á Azara : (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) : descripción de las especies nuevas descubiertas por el Autor y contribuciones al estudio de la Avifauna Paraguaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/183/mode/1up","Syrnium Koeniswaldianum"],["7831","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix melanota","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.266-267","Band-bellied Owl","Band-bellied Owl","Band-bellied Owl",null,null,"humid foothill forest in the eastern Andes from northern Colombia (Boyacá and adjacent Casanare), southward across eastern Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689183","babowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babowl1","avibase-AEE70B31",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/274/mode/1up","Noctua melanota"],["7832","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix melanota melanota","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.266-267",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFD557E7",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/274/mode/1up","Noctua melanota"],["7833","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Pulsatrix melanota philoscia","Todd, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.95,96",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of west-central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F27E3A6",null,null,"San José, Yungas de Cochabamba, Bolivia","Two new Owls from Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/105/mode/1up","Pulsatrix melanota philoscia"],["7834","genus","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92",null,null,null,"2025-0383","The genus <em>Ciccaba </em>(polytypic) is placed in <em>Strix </em>based on available genetic evidence. Genomic data (Salter et al. 2020) showed <em>C. virgata </em>to be deeply embedded within <em>Strix</em>, but denser taxon sampling, including the type species of <em>Ciccaba</em>, is needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Strix stridula [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy = Strix aluco Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Strix"],["7835","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.124","Mottled Owl","Mottled Owl","Mottled Owl",null,null,"varied forest to wooded habitats, including towns, of lowlands to mountains from central Sonora and northern Tamaulipas through South America, in the west to southwestern Ecuador, and east of the Andes eastward to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil, and southward through eastern Peru to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689122","motowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motowl","avibase-192FC14D",null,null,"South America; restricted to Bogotá, by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 288.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/148/mode/1up","Syrnium virgatum"],["7836","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata squamulata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sonora to Guerrero, Guanajuato, and Morelos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7708404E",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca, by Kelso, 1933.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/101/mode/1up","Syrnium squamulatum"],["7837","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata tamaulipensis","Phillips, 1911","The Auk 28, no.1 p.76,77",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southern Nuevo León and Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F9C8B31",null,null,"Río Martinez, Tamaulipas.","A year's collecting in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol28/iss1/8/","Strix virgata tamaulipensis"],["7838","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata centralis","(Griscom, 1929)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Oaxaca and Veracruz) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-160BF3F8",null,null,"Chivela, Oaxaca.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/245/mode/1up","Ciccaba virgata centralis"],["7839","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata virgata","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.6 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and southward to Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D76ECA",null,null,"South America; restricted to Bogotá, by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 288.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/148/mode/1up","Syrnium virgatum"],["7840","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata macconnelli","(Chubb, 1916)","The birds of British Guiana 1 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08495D0C",null,null,"Ituribisi River, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110463#page/400/mode/1up","Ciccaba superciliaris macconnelli"],["7841","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata superciliaris","(Pelzeln, 1863)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.1125",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonia from eastern Peru and Bolivia through northeastern and north-central Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62F74CAC",null,null,"Brazil, i.e., Villa Bella de Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso] on the Rio Guaporé cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 26, 1912, p. 78.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86027#page/1301/mode/1up","Syrnium superciliare"],["7842","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix virgata borelliana","(Bertoni, 1901)","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF6AF7FD",null,null,"Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parana Y Paraguay.","Aves nuevas del Paraguay : continuación á Azara : (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) : descripción de las especies nuevas descubiertas por el Autor y contribuciones al estudio de la Avifauna Paraguaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/184/mode/1up","Syrnium Borellianum"],["7843","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nigrolineata","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.131","Black-and-white Owl","Black-and-white Owl","Black-and-white Owl",null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico to western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689133","bawowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawowl1","avibase-557C100E",null,null,"Southern Mexico; Oaxaca substituted by Kelso, antea, 1932, p. 11.","Description of a New Species of Owl of the genus Ciccaba.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/189/mode/1up","Ciccaba nigrolineata"],["7844","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix huhula","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.190","Black-banded Owl","Black-banded Owl","Black-banded Owl",null,null,"humid forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to eastern Peru and central Bolivia, and southward in the Yungas to northwestern Argentina (Salta and Jujuy), in Brazil eastward to the Cerrado from easternmost Piauí southward to central Brazil, and in the Atlantic Forest region from central Bahia southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689144","bkbowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbowl1","avibase-FE8F1390",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/206/mode/1up","Strix huhula"],["7845","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix huhula huhula","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, northeastern Brazil, eastern Peru, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C89DC4DF",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/206/mode/1up","Strix huhula"],["7846","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix huhula albomarginata","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.23, pl.10a",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E501707",null,null,"prov. de Rio Janeiro [=Prov. Rio Janeiro, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/41/mode/1up","Strix albomarginata"],["7847","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix albitarsis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.52","Rufous-banded Owl","Rufous-banded Owl","Rufous-banded Owl",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689154","rubowl3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubowl3","avibase-2FBDE42C",null,null,"South America, i.e. Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/100/mode/1up","Syrnium albitarse"],["7848","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix albitarsis albitarsis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"high Andes from western Venezuela southwestward through Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CD06498",null,null,"South America, i.e. Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/100/mode/1up","Syrnium albitarse"],["7849","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix albitarsis opaca","(Peters, 1943)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 92, no.4 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"high Andes of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B28223B9",null,null,"Maraynioc, Department of Junín, Peru, 12,000 feet, 31 May, 1939 by J. A. Griswold, Jr","Birds of the Harvard Peruvian Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21220#page/413/mode/1up","Ciccaba albitarsus opaca"],["7850","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix albitarsis tertia","(Todd, 1947)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.95,96",null,null,null,null,null,"high Andes of Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BCD3294",null,null,"Incachaca, Bolivia, August 1920; José Steinbach.","Two new Owls from Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/105/mode/1up","Ciccaba albitarsus tertia"],["7851","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix seloputo","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.140","Spotted Wood Owl","Spotted Wood-Owl","Spotted Wood-owl",null,null,"patchy in lowland open forest, including second-growth and forest edge, and plantations, from southern Myanmar, eastward through Cambodia and southern Vietnam to Palawan and adjacent islands (Philippines), and southward to Sumatra, Java (extirpated?), and some associated islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689061","spwowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwowl1","avibase-F4F6EC81",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/159/mode/1up","Strix Selo-puto"],["7852","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix seloputo seloputo","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Thailand, Sumatra, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E71614B0",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/159/mode/1up","Strix Selo-puto"],["7853","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix seloputo baweana","Oberholser, 1917","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 52, no.2175 p.184,190",null,null,null,null,null,"Bawean Island (Java Sea off northern Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95C18369",null,null,"Bawean Island.","The Birds of Bawean Island, Java Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32863#page/212/mode/1up","Strix baweana"],["7854","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix seloputo wiepkeni","(Blasius, 1888)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.52 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Palawan and Calamian Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD587157",null,null,"Near Puerto Princesa, Palawan.",null,null,"Syrnium Wiepkeni"],["7855","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix ocellata","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.289","Mottled Wood Owl","Mottled Wood-Owl","Mottled Wood-owl",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, and wooded plains of northern and Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689066","mowowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mowowl1","avibase-52A8CE5C",null,null,"Pondicherry.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Syrnium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/297/mode/1up","Syrnium ocellatum"],["7856","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix ocellata grisescens","Koelz, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1452 p.1-10",null,null,null,null,null,"base of Himalayas (Pakistan to Rajasthan and Bihar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73D56503",null,null,"Nichlaul, northeast of Gorakhpur, United Provinces, India","New subspecies of birds from southwestern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4237/","Strix ocellata grisescens"],["7857","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix ocellata grandis","Koelz, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1452 p.1-10",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Kathiawar Peninsula of southern Gujarat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB8D2C59",null,null,"Sasan, Junagadh, Kathiawar, India","New subspecies of birds from southwestern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4237/","Strix ocellata grandis"],["7858","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix ocellata ocellata","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2936C675",null,null,"Pondicherry.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Syrnium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/297/mode/1up","Syrnium ocellatum"],["7859","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica","Temminck, 1832","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.89, vol.2 pl.525","Brown Wood Owl","Brown Wood-Owl","Brown Wood-owl",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest, especially primary forest, and densely wooded gardens, from northwestern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to southwestern India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, and some associated islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689071","brwowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwowl1","avibase-8253A007",null,null,"Borneo. Type from near Pontianak, fide Mayr supra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/35/mode/1up","Strix leptogrammica"],["7860","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica ticehursti","Delacour, 1930","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie 11, pt.2 p.654",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southeastern China, Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47791E02",null,null,"Pakha, 1200 metres, Tonkin [Vietnam].","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Indochine.",null,"Strix leptogrammica ticehursti"],["7861","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica caligata","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A63EECD",null,null,"Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/246/mode/1up","Bubo caligatus"],["7862","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica laotiana","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos and central Vietnam (Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF642D0D",null,null,"Xieng-Khouang, Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/45/mode/1up","Strix newarensis laotianus"],["7863","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica newarensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir to northeastern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-324DD461",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/218/mode/1up","Ulula newarensis"],["7864","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica indranee","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-266E8BA6",null,null,"The Ghauts = Lonauli, western Ghats.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/286/mode/1up","Strix Indranee"],["7865","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica ochrogenys","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23173A4B",null,null,"Ceylon.","Notes on some Ceylonese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/459/mode/1up","Syrnium ochrogenys"],["7866","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica maingayi","(Hume, 1878)","Stray Feathers 6 p.27-28",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-754934F8",null,null,"Malacca.","A Revised List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/47/mode/1up","Syrnium maingayi"],["7867","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica myrtha","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B77AA0D2",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/88/mode/1up","Ciccaba myrtha"],["7868","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica nyctiphasma","Oberholser, 1924","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 14, no.13 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Banyak Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23E7F677",null,null,"Bangkaru Island, Banjak Islands.","Descriptions of new Treronidae and other non-Passerine Birds from the East Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122711#page/372/mode/1up","Strix leptogrammica nyctiphasma"],["7869","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica niasensis","(Salvadori, 1887)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.526",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76EE882B",null,null,"G. Sitoli, Lelemboli, Ombalata, Nias Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/548/mode/1up","Syrnium niasense"],["7870","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica chaseni","Hoogerwerf & de Boer, 1947","Chronica Naturae 103 p.140-142",null,null,null,null,null,"Belitung Island (Java Sea off southeastern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFDD3DFB",null,null,"Billiton Island [=Belitung, Indonesia]","Een nieuwe uil van Billiton. Strix leptogrammica chaseni subsp. nov..","Een nieuwe uil van Billiton. Strix leptogrammica chaseni subsp. nov..","Strix leptogrammica chaseni"],["7871","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica leptogrammica","Temminck, 1832","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.89, vol.2 pl.525",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4060D5F3",null,null,"Borneo. Type from near Pontianak, fide Mayr supra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/35/mode/1up","Strix leptogrammica"],["7872","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica vaga","Mayr, 1938","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 14 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E09738E",null,null,"Bengkoka, northern Borneo.","Notes on a collection of Birds from South Borneo.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328891/em-notes-on-a-collection-of-birds-from-south-em-borneo","Strix leptogrammica vaga"],["7873","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix leptogrammica bartelsi","(Finsch, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A28AB675",null,null,"Pasir Datar, Pre^nger, Mt. Pangerango, 2600 feet, Java.","On a new species of the genus Syrnium from Western Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/89/mode/1up","Syrnium bartelsi"],["7874","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93","Tawny Owl","Tawny Owl","Tawny Owl","2025-0379","Taxon <em>mauritanica </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Strix aluco</em> based on available vocal, morphometric, and genetic evidence. Differences in mitochondrial DNA between these taxa (Brito 2005; Doña et al. 2015) are more consistent with subspecies level divergence and vocal differences appear modest. Formal bioacoustic analysis across the <em>S. aluco </em>complex is needed.","Europe from Britain and Scotland through southern Fennoscandia to western Siberia, southward to the southernmost Iberian Peninsula, through the Levant, western Iran, and the western Himalayas eastward to Kashmir",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725469","tawowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawowl1","avibase-612B4380",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix Aluco"],["7875","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco aluco","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Europe to Ukraine, Crimea, Balkans, and Black Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF0873FE",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Strix Aluco"],["7876","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco biddulphi","(Scully, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.19 p.423 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E18931F7",null,null,"Gilgit.","A Contribution to the Ornithology of Gilgit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/481/mode/1up","Syrnium biddulphi"],["7877","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco harmsi","(Zarudny, 1911)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kazakhstan southward to Tajikistan (foothills of western Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A14F4A0",null,null,"Tchirtchik, Turkestan.","Bemerkung über einige Vertreter der Gattung Syrnium.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/50/mode/1up","Syrnium härmsi"],["7878","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco sanctinicolai","(Zarudny, 1905)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Zagros Mountains (northeastern Iraq and western Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-639C4893",null,null,"Schalil River and Gamdalkal, Bachtiari region, western Persia.","Syrnium sancti-nicolai sp. nov. aus West-Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/63/mode/1up","Syrnium sancti-nicolai"],["7879","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco siberiae","Dementiev, 1934","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 5 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"Ural Mountains to western Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58936A68",null,null,"Sokolowa, near Tobolsk, Siberia.","Contributions à l'ornithologie de la Russie.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1933_T005_N003","Strix aluco siberiae"],["7880","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco sylvatica","Shaw, 1809","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt1 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"Britain, France, Iberia, southern Italy, Greece, and western and central Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F7D77E3",null,null,"England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101607#page/351/mode/1up","Strix sylvatica"],["7881","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco willkonskii","(Menzbier, 1896)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Türkiye, Caucasus, and northwestern Iran to Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92B87106",null,null,"Transcaucasia.","[Description of an apparently new species of Tawny Owl from Transcaucasia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/366/mode/1up","Syrnium willkouskii"],["7882","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix aluco mauritanica","(Witherby, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-939BB045",null,null,"Algeria, type from Les Glacieres, near Blidah, Algeria.","On a new species of Tawny Owl.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/646/mode/1up","Syrnium aluco mauritanicum"],["7883","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nivicolum","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.185","Himalayan Owl","Himalayan Owl","Himalayan Owl",null,null,"foothill to montane coniferous forest, oak forest, and rocky forested ravines, from northeastern India eastward through the Himalayas to northeastern China and Korean Peninsula, and southward to northern Myanmar, northern Vietnam, and Taiwan; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725477","himowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himowl1","avibase-6EC64712",null,null,"'Himalaya,' i.e., Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/353/mode/1up","Syrnium nivicolum"],["7884","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nivicolum nivicolum","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to southeastern China, northern Myanmar, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FEEF3CA",null,null,"'Himalaya,' i.e., Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/353/mode/1up","Syrnium nivicolum"],["7885","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nivicolum yamadae","Yamashina, 1936","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 9, no.43 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2556A83E",null,null,"Tataka, Tainan district, Formosa.","A new subspecies of Owl from Formosa.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.8.38_220","Strix nivicola yamadae"],["7886","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nivicolum ma","(Clark, 1907)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China and Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D110438F",null,null,"Fusan, Korea.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/559/mode/1up","Syrnium ma"],["7887","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix hadorami","Kirwan, Schweizer & Copete, 2015","Zootaxa 3904 (1) 28-50","Desert Owl","Desert Owl","Desert Tawny Owl",null,null,"desert of northern Egypt, Sinai Peninsula, Syria, Jordan, and Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689083","humowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humowl1","avibase-F6F87349",null,null,"Lower Wadi Kelt (=Wadi Al-Qelt/Wadi Qilt), northeast of Jerusalem, Israel/Palestinian Territories (31o50’N, 35o24’E).","Multiple lines of evidence confirm that Hume’s Owl Strix butleri (A. O. Hume, 1878) is two species, with description of an unnamed species (Aves: Non-Passeriformes: Strigidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270428910","Strix hadorami"],["7888","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix butleri","(Hume, 1878)","Stray Feathers 7 p.316","Omani Owl","Omani Owl","Omani Owl",null,null,"distribution poorly known; documented from northeastern United Arab Emirates, northern Oman, northeastern Iran, and southwestern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62290760","omaowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/omaowl1","avibase-6590EFD4",null,null,"Omara [or Ormara], Mekran Coast, southern Baluchistan.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94440#page/342/mode/1up","Asio butleri"],["7889","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix occidentalis","(Xántus, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.193","Spotted Owl","Spotted Owl","Spotted Owl",null,null,"various mature and old-growth forest types from far southwestern Canada southward across western US to southern California and (formerly) northern Baja California, Mexico, in southern US eastward to central Colorado, eastern New Mexico and adjacent Texas, and in Mexico southward to southern Jalisco and northern Michoacan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689089","spoowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spoowl","avibase-9B26D30B",null,null,"Fort Tejon, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/211/mode/1up","Syrnium occidentale"],["7890","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix occidentalis caurina","(Merriam, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.1 p.39,40",null,null,null,null,null,"southern British Columbia southward to coast ranges of northern California (to Marin County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-044E5530",null,null,"Mt. Vernon, Skagit Valley, Washington.","Syrnium occidentale caurinum, a new Owl from the Puget Sound region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss1/10/","Syrnium occidentale caurinum"],["7891","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix occidentalis occidentalis","(Xántus, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"west side of the Sierra Nevada in California, and from Monterey County southward to San Diego County; formerly also northern Baja California (Sierra San Pedro Mártir, now extirpated)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5384C04",null,null,"Fort Tejon, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/211/mode/1up","Syrnium occidentale"],["7892","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix occidentalis lucida","(Nelson, 1903)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F546E13",null,null,"Mt. Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/165/mode/1up","Syrnium occidentale lucidum"],["7893","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix occidentalis juanaphillipsae","Dickerman, 1997","The era of Allan R. Phillips: a festschrift p.45-48",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CB0DE58",null,null,"Monte Río Frio, ca. 42 km E of Mexico City, State of Mexico, Mexico, collected on 27 June 1941 by R.W. Mulholland","Geographic variation in southwestern U. S. and Mexican Spotted Owls, with the description of a new subspecies.","https://web.archive.org/web/20200808225805/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/Dickerman2.pdf","Strix occidentalis juanaphillipsae"],["7894","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix varia","Barton, 1799","Fragments of the natural history of Pennsylvania p.11","Barred Owl","Barred Owl",null,"2025-0380","Taxon <em>sartorii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Strix varia</em>, based on genetic, vocal, and ecological differences (Barrowclough et al. 2011; Pieplow &amp; Spencer 2020).","various forest and woodland habitats in western to eastern Canada and far southern Alaska southward in western US to central California and in the Rocky Mountains southward to northeastern Oregon and south-central Idaho; in central and eastern US southward to southern Texas, the Gulf of Mexico coast, and southern Florida",null,null,null,"brdowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brdowl","avibase-BDBB04D5",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48263#page/43/mode/1up","Strix varius"],["7895","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix sartorii","(Ridgway, 1874)","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5(1873) p.200","Cinereous Owl","Cinereous Owl",null,"2025-0380","Taxon <em>sartorii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Strix varia</em>, based on genetic, vocal, and ecological differences (Barrowclough et al. 2011; Pieplow &amp; Spencer 2020).","mountains of northern Mexico (Durango) to Veracruz and Oaxaca",null,null,null,"barowl13","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barowl13","avibase-4B5D0A00",null,null,"Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/208/mode/1up","Syrnium nebulosum var. Sartorii"],["7896","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix fulvescens","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.58","Fulvous Owl","Fulvous Owl","Fulvous Owl",null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (eastern Oaxaca and Chiapas) to El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689097","fulowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fulowl1","avibase-E3E227D2",null,null,"Guatemala.","Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Strigidae, and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/90/mode/1up","Syrnium fulvescens"],["7897","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix hylophila","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.63, vol.2 pl.373","Rusty-barred Owl","Rusty-barred Owl","Rusty-barred Owl",null,null,"Paraguay to southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689100","rubowl2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubowl2","avibase-06406B92",null,null,"Brazil, i.e. Ypanema, São Paulo, fide Hartert, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 288.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/39/mode/1up","Strix hylophila"],["7898","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix rufipes","King, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.426","Rufous-legged Owl","Rufous-legged Owl","Rufous-legged Owl",null,null,"humid Patagonian and Nothofagus forest in the Andes and coast of north-central Chile and west-central Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego, including Chiloé Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733923","rulowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rulowl1","avibase-AA0FBFE2",null,null,"Port Famine, Straits of Magellan.","XLV. Extracts from a letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [ ; with a Note by N. A. Vigors]'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/454/mode/1up","Strix rufipes"],["7899","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix rufipes sanborni","Wheeler, 1938","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 20, no.37 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiloé Island (Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6152D16",null,null,"Quellon, Chiloé Island, Chile.","A new Wood Owl from Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21083#page/7/mode/1up","Strix rufipes sanborni"],["7900","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix rufipes rufipes","King, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile and west-central Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B031960",null,null,"Port Famine, Straits of Magellan.","XLV. Extracts from a letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [ ; with a Note by N. A. Vigors]'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/454/mode/1up","Strix rufipes"],["7901","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix chacoensis","Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.27 p.1","Chaco Owl","Chaco Owl","Chaco Owl",null,null,"Chaco of southern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733306","chaowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaowl1","avibase-4D481B0E",null,null,"Fort Wheeler, Paraguayan Chaco.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4595/","Strix chacoensis"],["7902","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis","Pallas, 1771","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 1 p.452","Ural Owl","Ural Owl","Ural Owl","2025-0381","Taxon <em>davidi </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Strix uralensis</em> (polytypic) based on broad overlap in vocalizations and plumage (Scherzinger 2005; Scherzinger et al. 2014).","foothill to montane mature forest from Scandinavia eastward to Siberia and Sakhalin (Russia), and patchy southward to montane eastern and southern Europe, central China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689108","uraowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uraowl1","avibase-93486A56",null,null,"Ural Mountains.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=4Z1bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA452","Stryx uralensis"],["7903","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis macroura","Wolf, 1810","Taschenbuch der deutschen Vögelkunde, oder kurze Beschreibung aller Vögel Deutschlands 1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Carpathian Mountains to Bulgaria and western Balkans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7D9D094",null,null,"Gebirgswälder in Österreich [Mountain forests in Austria].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/134309#page/126/mode/1up","Strix macroura"],["7904","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis liturata","Lindroth, 1788","Museum Naturalium Grillianum Söderforssiense. Institutum anno 1783, & in catalogo redactum anno 1788 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Europe to northwestern Russia, northern Poland, Belarus, and middle Volga",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-406B4932",null,null,"Sweden.",null,null,"Strix Liturata"],["7905","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis uralensis","Pallas, 1771","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 1 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern European Russia to Sea of Okhotsk",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA36289B",null,null,"Ural Mountains.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=4Z1bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA452","Stryx uralensis"],["7906","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis yenisseensis","Buturlin, 1915","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"central Siberian plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ABE294C",null,null,"Krasnoyarsk, Siberia.","[New forms of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/511/mode/1up","Strix uralensis yenisseensis"],["7907","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis daurica","Stegmann, 1929","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes (1928) p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Siberia and northeastern Mongolia to northern Amurland (southeastern Siberia) and Manchuria (northeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-187782F1",null,null,"Transbaikalia.","Die Vögel Transbaikaliens.",null,"Strix uralensis daurica"],["7908","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis nikolskii","(Buturlin, 1907)","Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota 13 p.?",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amurland (southeastern Siberia) and Sakhalin Island to northeastern China and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D5F486C",null,null,"Southeastern Siberia.","Die paläarktischen Formen von Syrnium Savign..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/361/mode/1up","Syrnium uralense nikolskii"],["7909","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis japonica","(Clark, 1907)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"Hokkaido (northern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10986DE2",null,null,"Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/559/mode/1up","Syrnium uralense japonicum"],["7910","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis hondoensis","(Clark, 1907)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Honshu (central Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D59102",null,null,"Iwaki, Hondo, Japan.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/560/mode/1up","Syrnium uralense hondoense"],["7911","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis momiyamae","Taka-Tsukasa, 1931","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 7, no.31 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central Honshu (central Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FB2762C",null,null,"Shinano (=Sinano), Hondo, Japan.","On the Ural Owl of Honshu, Japan.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo.7.14","Strix uralensis momiyamae"],["7912","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis fuscescens","Temminck & Schlegel, 1850","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.30, pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Honshu southward to Kyushu (south-central Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECE71ABD",null,null,"Japan; Island of Kiusiu selected as type locality by Hartert, antea, 1913, p. 1021.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/40/mode/1up","Strix fuscescens"],["7913","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix uralensis davidi","(Sharpe, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.18 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central China (southeastern Qinghai and Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C2108FD",null,null,"Mupin, Szechwan.","Contributions to a History of the Accipitres. Notes on Birds of Prey in the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes and in the Collection of Mons. A. Bouvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/288/mode/1up","Syrnium davidi"],["7914","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nebulosa","Forster, 1772","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.424","Great Grey Owl","Great Gray Owl","Great Grey Owl",null,null,"Holarctic mainly in taiga from Fennoscandia eastward to central Chukotka, southward to Poland, Belarus, and northern Ukraine, northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and Sakhalin, and boreal forest of northern North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689118","grgowl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grgowl","avibase-FA36ABE5",null,null,"Severn River, Hudson Bay [Ontario]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/430/mode/1up","Strix nebulosa"],["7915","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nebulosa nebulosa","Forster, 1772","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"boreal forest of northern North America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EC3A83D",null,null,"Severn River, Hudson Bay [Ontario]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/430/mode/1up","Strix nebulosa"],["7916","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix nebulosa lapponica","Thunberg, 1798","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 19 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"boreal forest of Eurasia from Fennoscandia eastward to central Chukotka, in south to Poland, Belarus, and northern Ukraine, northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and Sakhalin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B91ED30",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180097#page/194/mode/1up","Strix lapponica"],["7917","species","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix woodfordii","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.312","African Wood Owl","African Wood-Owl","African Wood-owl",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, rainforest, and riparian and coastal woodland, from Senegambia eastward through Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Ethiopia and western Somalia, and southward to southern Angola and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22689166","afwowl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afwowl1","avibase-2E6575A8",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/332/mode/1up","Noctua Woodfordii"],["7918","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix woodfordii umbrina","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and eastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EBA5C96",null,null,"Province of Begemeder, 9000 feet, Ethiopia.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/24/mode/1up","Surnium (?) umbrinum"],["7919","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix woodfordii nigricantior","(Sharpe, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B095609F",null,null,"Mpwapwa, Tanganyika Territory.","[Description of two species of Owls].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/407/mode/1up","Syrnium nigricantius"],["7920","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix woodfordii nuchalis","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia and Bioko Island to South Sudan, Uganda, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7690DD5A",null,null,"Fanti.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/509/mode/1up","Syrnium nuchale"],["7921","subspecies","Strigiformes","Strigidae","Owls","Strix woodfordii woodfordii","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Tanzania, Botswana, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B9D8D30",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/332/mode/1up","Noctua Woodfordii"],["7922","order","Cathartiformes",null,null,"Cathartiformes",null,null,"New World Vultures",null,null,"2026-019","The order Cathartiformes is recognized based on consistent genomic DNA evidence for a relatively ancient split between Cathartiformes and Accipitriformes (Jarvis et al. 2014; Prum et al. 2015; Stiller et al. 2024; Wu et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7923","family","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartidae",null,null,"New World Vultures","New World Vultures","New World Vultures",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cathar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cathar2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7924","genus","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Gymnogyps","Lesson, 1842","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 6 col.1037",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur californianus [Shaw, 1797]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180985#page/374/mode/1up","Gymnogyps"],["7925","species","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Gymnogyps californianus","(Shaw, 1797)","The naturalist's miscellany 9, no.1 pl.301,text","California Condor","California Condor","California Condor",null,null,"formerly southern California; extinct in the wild, then reintroduced mainly to Pinnacles and Big Sur National Parks (central California), Los Padres and Sespe areas (southern California), San Pedro Martir (northern Baja California); and Grand Canyon and Zion National Parks areas (northern Arizona)","previously Extinct in the Wild, but reintroduced","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697636","calcon","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calcon","avibase-24F14328",null,null,"coast of California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124620#page/12/mode/1up","Vultur californianus"],["7926","genus","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Sarcoramphus","Duméril, 1805","Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l'aide de tableaux synoptiques p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur papa [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Vigors, 1826, Zool. Journ., 2, pp. 381 (note), 384) (1825).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97389#page/72/mode/1up","Sarcoramphus"],["7927","species","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Sarcoramphus papa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.86","King Vulture","King Vulture","King Vulture",null,null,"southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697645","kinvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kinvul1","avibase-9306DA2F",null,null,"'India occidentalis' = Surinam, designated by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 289.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/101/mode/1up","Vultur Papa"],["7928","genus","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Vultur","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur gryphus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Allen, JA, 1907, Bull. American Museum of Natural History, 24, p. 11).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/101/mode/1up","Vultur"],["7929","species","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Vultur gryphus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.86","Andean Condor","Andean Condor","Andean Condor",null,null,"Andes and coasts of Colombia to Tierra del Fuego",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697641","andcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andcon1","avibase-659E8F5C",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/101/mode/1up","Vultur Gryphus"],["7930","genus","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Coragyps","Le Maout, 1853","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux suivant la classification de M. Isidore Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire avec l'indication de leurs mœurs et de leurs rapports avec les arts, le commerce et l'agriculture p.66, 57 (key)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur urubu [Vieillot, 1807]; type by monotypy = Vultur atratus Bechstein, 1793  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226863#page/132/mode/1up","Coragyps"],["7931","species","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Coragyps atratus","(Bechstein, 1793)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 1 (Anhang) p.655","Black Vulture","Black Vulture","American Black Vulture",null,null,"southern and southeastern USA southward through Middle America to central Chile and Argentina (vagrant only to West Indies)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697624","blkvul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkvul","avibase-4FF7DE80",null,null,"St. John's River, Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234937#page/365/mode/1up","Vultur atratus"],["7932","genus","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.236",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur aura [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Vigors, 1826, Zool. Journ., 2 (1825), p. 384).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/260/mode/1up","Cathartes"],["7933","species","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes aura","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.86","Turkey Vulture","Turkey Vulture","Turkey Vulture",null,null,"breeds southern Canada through Greeater Antilles and South America to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697627","turvul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turvul","avibase-36B3872D",null,null,"State of Veracruz, Mexico, designated by Nelson, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18, p. 124.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/101/mode/1up","Vultur Aura"],["7934","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes aura meridionalis","Swann, 1921","A synopsis of the Accipitres (etc.). 2nd ed. p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern British Colombia eastward to southern Manitoba and southward to central California and south-central Texas; winters to central South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D874F72B",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia. Migrant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43722#page/15/mode/1up","Cathartes aura meridionalis"],["7935","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes aura septentrionalis","Wied-Neuwied, 1839","Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834 1 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters mainly to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC843F64",null,null,"Near New Harmony, Indiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186968#page/182/mode/1up","Cathartes septentrionalis"],["7936","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes aura aura","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California eastward to southern Texas (southwestern USA) southward to northern Costa Rica and Greater Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-175703EC",null,null,"State of Veracruz, Mexico, designated by Nelson, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18, p. 124.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/101/mode/1up","Vultur Aura"],["7937","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes aura ruficollis","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Costa Rica and lowlands of South America, including Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71686416",null,null,"interior of Bahia and Piauí, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/20/mode/1up","Cathartes ruficollis"],["7938","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes aura jota","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.265,343",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from Colombia to southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91EF6F53",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=266&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Vultur Jota"],["7939","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes aura falklandicus","(Sharpe, 1873)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.11, no.62 p.133,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast from Ecuador to southern Chile and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-615C4233",null,null,"Falkland Islands. Type from Berkeley Sound.","XVI. On a new Species of Turkey Vulture from the Falkland Islands and a new Genus of Old-World Vultures.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81041#page/147/mode/1up","Catharista falklandica"],["7940","species","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes melambrotus","Wetmore, 1964","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 146 no.6 p.15","Greater Yellow-headed Vulture","Greater Yellow-headed Vulture","Greater Yellow-headed Vulture",null,null,"the Guianas and southern Venezuela to northern Bolivia and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697633","gyhvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhvul1","avibase-2432C7DD",null,null,"Kartabo, Guyana.","A revision of the American vultures of the genus Cathartes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95539#page/385/mode/1up","Cathartes melambrotus"],["7941","species","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes burrovianus","Cassin, 1845","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.8 p.212","Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture","Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture","Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture",null,null,"southern Mexico southward to Argentina and Brazil (east of the Andes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697630","lyhvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lyhvul1","avibase-4807686B",null,null,"near Veracruz City, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/224/mode/1up","Cathartes burrovianus"],["7942","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes burrovianus burrovianus","Cassin, 1845","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.8 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to central Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F2A739B",null,null,"near Veracruz City, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/224/mode/1up","Cathartes burrovianus"],["7943","subspecies","Cathartiformes","Cathartidae","New World Vultures","Cathartes burrovianus urubutinga","Pelzeln, 1861","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 44 (1), 44 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"South America to Argentina and Brazil (east of the Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-945BC760",null,null,"Southern and central Brazil.","über neue und wenig bekannte Arten von Raubvögeln in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107563#page/17/mode/1up","Cathartes Urubitinga"],["7944","order","Accipitriformes",null,null,"Accipitriformes",null,null,"Old World Vultures, Eagles, Hawks, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7945","family","Accipitriformes","Sagittariidae","Secretarybird","Sagittariidae",null,null,"Secretarybird","Secretarybird","Secretarybird",null,null,null,null,null,null,"sagitt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sagitt1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7946","genus","Accipitriformes","Sagittariidae","Secretarybird","Sagittarius","Hermann, 1783","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.136,235",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco serpentarius [J.F. Miller, 1779]; type by monotypy = Falco serpentarius J.F. Miller, 1779",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/156/mode/1up","Sagittarius"],["7947","species","Accipitriformes","Sagittariidae","Secretarybird","Sagittarius serpentarius","(Miller, 1779)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.5 pl.28","Secretarybird","Secretarybird","Secretarybird",null,null,"savanna and grassland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696221","secret2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/secret2","avibase-DCBCCEB8",null,null,"Cap B. Spei [=Cape of Good Hope, South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/73/mode/1up","Falco serpentarius"],["7948","family","Accipitriformes","Pandionidae","Osprey","Pandionidae",null,null,"Osprey","Osprey","Osprey",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pandio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pandio1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7949","genus","Accipitriformes","Pandionidae","Osprey","Pandion","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.69,95",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pandion fluvialis [Savigny, 1809]; type by monotypy = Falco haliaetus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/81/mode/1up","Pandion"],["7950","species","Accipitriformes","Pandionidae","Osprey","Pandion haliaetus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.91","Osprey","Osprey","Osprey","2025-0044","Taxon <em>cristatus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pandion haliaetus</em> (polytypic) based on available genetic and morphological evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergences within <em>P. haliaetus</em> are modest (Wink et al. 2004; Monti et al. 2015) and support for <em>cristatus </em>as the sister lineage to all other taxa is weak. Furthermore, patterns of genetic divergence in mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites are inconsistent (Wink et al. 2004; Monti et al. 2015, 2018) and not accompanied by strong morphological differences.","lakes, rivers, and coasts from northern Scandinavia and northern British Isles southward through most Europe eastward to southeastern Russia, eastern China, and Japan; winters in Africa south of the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, southern India, southeastern Asia, the Philippines, most Indonesia, coastal Australia, New Caledonia, and the Solomon Archipelago, and in the western Hemisphere from Alaska and northern Canada southwards to southwestern US and Baja California, Mexico, and to southeastern US and the Bahamas; winters in most Central America, the Greater and Lesser Antilles and South America southwards to northern Chile and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694938","osprey","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/osprey","avibase-1327AC55",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761 Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 22.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/109/mode/1up","Falco Haliaetus"],["7951","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Pandionidae","Osprey","Pandion haliaetus haliaetus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Britain and Scandinavia eastward to Kamchatka and Japan (Hokkaido to northern Ryukyu Islands), and southward to Mediterranean, Red Sea, central China, and Taiwan, also Canary Islands and Cabo Verde; overwinters mainly sub-Saharan Africa (southward to South Africa, India, western Indonesia, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE572264",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761 Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 22.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/109/mode/1up","Falco Haliaetus"],["7952","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Pandionidae","Osprey","Pandion haliaetus carolinensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Canada to southern USA; winters to Peru and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F78E8D2B",null,null,"South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/275/mode/1up","Falco carolinensis"],["7953","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Pandionidae","Osprey","Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi","Maynard, 1887","American Exchange and Mart and Household Journal 3 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean (including Bahamas, Cuba, and Belize)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A006010",null,null,"Andros Island.","Description of five new species of birds from the Bahamas","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258596#page/3/mode/1up","Pandion Ridgweir"],["7954","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Pandionidae","Osprey","Pandion haliaetus cristatus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Java to New Guinea, coastal Australia (except Tasmania), and New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC2A77A9",null,null,"New South Wales = Tasmania, fide Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/501/mode/1up","Buteo cristatus"],["7955","family","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipitridae",null,null,"Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hawks, Eagles, and Kites","Hawks, Eagles",null,null,null,null,null,null,"accipi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/accipi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["7956","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gampsonyx","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gampsonyx swainsonii [Vigors, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,"Sketches in ornithology; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/97/mode/1up","Gampsonyx"],["7957","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gampsonyx swainsonii","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.69","Pearl Kite","Pearl Kite","Pearl Kite",null,null,"dry savanna, shrubby habitats, and grasslands with trees from southern Honduras, El Salvador, and adjacent Guatemala southward to eastern Panama; from northern Colombia southward in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes from northwestern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia southward to northwestern Peru; from northern Venezuela southward to northeastern Peru, and from eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the central and eastern Amazon basin, and the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of Brazil to eastern Peru, northern and eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil (São Paulo and Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695025","peakit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peakit1","avibase-D36BA361",null,null,"tableland of Bahia, Brazil.","VIII. Sketches in Ornithology ; or Observations on the leading Affinities of some of the more extensive groups of Birds'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/97/mode/1up","Gampsonyx Swainsonii"],["7958","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Central America from Nicaragua to northern South America southward to the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46D45DA5",null,null,"Leon, western Nicaragua.","Description of a new forms of South and Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/160/mode/1up","Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae"],["7959","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Colombia to Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BC3B479",null,null,"Amotape, Peru.","Description of a new forms of South and Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/159/mode/1up","Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus"],["7960","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River to eastern Peru, Bolivia, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-985A9705",null,null,"tableland of Bahia, Brazil.","VIII. Sketches in Ornithology ; or Observations on the leading Affinities of some of the more extensive groups of Birds'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/97/mode/1up","Gampsonyx Swainsonii"],["7961","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Chelictinia","Lesson, 1843","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 7 col.63",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Elanoides riocourii [Vieillot, 1822]; type by monotypy = Falco riocourii Temminck, 1821",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/33/mode/1up","Chelictinia"],["7962","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Chelictinia riocourii","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.15 wrapper, vol.1 pl.85,text","Scissor-tailed Kite","Scissor-tailed Kite","Scissor-tailed Kite",null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695042","sctkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctkit1","avibase-22832FF4",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/401/mode/1up","Elanoides riocourii"],["7963","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.69,97",null,null,null,"2025-1172","The family Elanidae is subsumed in Accipitridae. Although forming a distinctive sub-group at the base of the Accipitridae phylogeny (e.g., Catanach et al. 2024), they are more appropriately treated at infra-family rank pending a more thorough comparative analysis of trait divergence among sub-family groups within Accipitridae.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Elanus caesius [Savigny, 1809]; type by monotypy = Falco caeruleus Desfontaines, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/81/mode/1up","Elanus"],["7964","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus leucurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.563","White-tailed Kite","White-tailed Kite","White-tailed Kite",null,null,"various grassland and savanna-like habitats from northwestern US southward to Baja California, from southern Texas and north-central and northwestern Mexico southeastward across most Central America to eastern Panama and in southern Florida; in northern Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena and southward locally in the Pacific lowlands to northwest Peru and in valleys of the Andes of Ecuador; east of the Andes in northern and eastern Venezuela and northern Guianas, occasionally to Trinidad, and southward to the tepui region of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana and northernmost Brazil; in the llanos of western Venezuela southward to eastern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador; from northeastern Brazil southward through eastern Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay to south-central Argentina, also westward to southeastern Peru and spreading northward in the Amazon of Brazil; and isolated in north-central to south-central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695036","whtkit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtkit","avibase-CAA5E106",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/587/mode/1up","Milvus leucurus"],["7965","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus leucurus majusculus","Bangs & Penard, 1920","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern USA to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DB92CD3",null,null,"San Rafael, California.","Two new American hawks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42085#page/58/mode/1up","Elanus leucurus majusculus"],["7966","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus leucurus leucurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Brazil, central Argentina, and central Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-725D9388",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/587/mode/1up","Milvus leucurus"],["7967","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus caeruleus","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.503 pl.15","Black-winged Kite","Black-winged Kite","Black-winged Kite",null,null,"open areas of southwestern Europe and Africa through southern and eastern Asia to Philippines (where widely extirpated), Indonesia, and New Guinea (except western)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695028","bkskit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkskit1","avibase-97C47F3E",null,null,"Algiers.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Falco caeruleus"],["7968","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus caeruleus caeruleus","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.503 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern France, Iberian Peninsula, Africa (except Sahara), and southwestern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37863AE7",null,null,"Algiers.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Falco caeruleus"],["7969","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus caeruleus vociferus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan through southern and southeastern Asia to eastern China, Ishigaki (southern Ryukyu Islands), and Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCA16315",null,null,"India; restricted to Coromandel coast by Hartert, 1914, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 1184.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/68/mode/1up","Falco vociferus"],["7970","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus caeruleus hypoleucus","Gould, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Greater and Lesser Sundas, Philippines (where extirpated from many islands), Sulawesi, and New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-930580BA",null,null,"Near Macassar, Celebes.","[Description of a new species of the genus Elanus].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/183/mode/1up","Elanus hypoleucus"],["7971","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus axillaris","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.ix","Black-shouldered Kite","Black-shouldered Kite","Black-shouldered Kite",null,null,"Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695033","auskit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auskit1","avibase-67E74DD0",null,null,"New Holland [=Australia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/15/mode/1up","Falco axillaris"],["7972","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanus scriptus","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.113 p.80","Letter-winged Kite","Letter-winged Kite","Letter-winged Kite",null,null,"eastern interior of Australia; disperses irregularly to coasts",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695039","lewkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lewkit1","avibase-468F7841",null,null,"South Australia = Cooper's Creek, fide Mathews, 1927, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 259.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/232/mode/1up","Elanus scriptus"],["7973","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Polyboroides","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.200, 13 May p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Polyboroides typus [Smith, A, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.3].",null,"Polyboroides"],["7974","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Polyboroides radiatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.85","Madagascar Harrier-Hawk","Madagascar Harrier-Hawk","Madagascar Harrier-hawk",null,null,"woodland and savanna of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695415","mahhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mahhaw1","avibase-0513AFBF",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Vultur radiatus"],["7975","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Polyboroides typus","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.200, 13 May p.2","African Harrier-Hawk","African Harrier-Hawk","African Harrier-hawk",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to montane forest, woodland, plantations, arid steppe, and savanna, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, and southern Somalia, and southward to Namibia and southern South Africa; wet-season migrant northward to the Sahel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695409","afhhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afhhaw1","avibase-C505EA72",null,null,"no locality = South Africa.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.3].",null,"Polyboroides typus"],["7976","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Polyboroides typus typus","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.200, 13 May p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan to Eritrea, Angola, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B828C67",null,null,"no locality = South Africa.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.3].",null,"Polyboroides typus"],["7977","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Polyboroides typus pectoralis","Sharpe, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to western Sudan, Niger, and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-802652B7",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","Two new Accipitres from the Camaroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/422/mode/1up","Polyboroides pectoralis"],["7978","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gypohierax","Rüppell, 1836","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.46,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco angolensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/126/mode/1up","Gypohierax"],["7979","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gypohierax angolensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] 1 pt1 p.252","Palm-nut Vulture","Palm-nut Vulture","Palm-nut Vulture",null,null,"oil-palm forest and savanna of tropical Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695170","panvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/panvul1","avibase-14885C18",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/264/mode/1up","Falco angolensis"],["7980","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gypaetus","Storr, 1784","Alpenreise vom Jahre 1781 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gypaetus grandis [Storr, 1784]; type by monotypy = Vultur aureus Hablizl, 1783",null,null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11450117?page=180,181","Gypaëtus"],["7981","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gypaetus barbatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.87","Bearded Vulture","Bearded Vulture","Bearded Vulture",null,null,"rugged mountain ranges with scarce and low vegetation in the Alps, Pyrenees, and montane regions of Spain, Corsica, mountains of Albania and Greece, and Crete, eastward to mountains of Türkiye and the Caucasus, Zagros and Elburz ranges in Iran, mountains of northern Afghanistan, through the Himalayas, Alai, Tienshan, and Altai ranges in southern and eastern Kazakhstan, southern Russia, and Mongolia to central China and the Tibetan plateau, in south to the Atlas mountains in Morocco and Algeria, eastern Sudan to mountains in Eritrea, interior Ethiopia and from southernmost South Sudan to northern Tanzania, the Drakensberg range in South Africa and Lesotho, the Sinai Peninsula and eastern Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula in southwestern Saudi Arabia and Yemen",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695174","lammer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lammer1","avibase-81DB7410",null,null,"Africa; restricted, ex Edwards, to Santa Cruz, near Oran, Algeria, by Hartert, 1914, Vbgel Pal. Fauna, p. 1294.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/102/mode/1up","Vultur barbatus"],["7982","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gypaetus barbatus barbatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Europe and northwestern Africa to central and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2CBEF5D",null,null,"Africa; restricted, ex Edwards, to Santa Cruz, near Oran, Algeria, by Hartert, 1914, Vbgel Pal. Fauna, p. 1294.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/102/mode/1up","Vultur barbatus"],["7983","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis","Keyserling & Blasius, 1840","Die Wirbelthiere Europa's. Erstes Buch: Die unterscheidenden Charactere p.xxviii",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in eastern and southern Africa and southwestern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73875E1D",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52447#page/44/mode/1up","Gypaetos meidionalis"],["7984","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Neophron","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.68,75",null,null,null,"2025-N073","The gender of <em>Neophron </em>has long been controversial because the entry in the ICZN’s Official List from 1987 stipulated a feminine gender while the previous ICZN Direction 26 from 1955 fixed it as masculine. The entry in the Official List was an error. In 2024/2025, the ICZN issued an Official Correction that establishes the gender as masculine.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur percnopterus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/80/mode/1up","Neophron"],["7985","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Neophron percnopterus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.87","Egyptian Vulture","Egyptian Vulture","Egyptian Vulture",null,null,"dry to arid open areas in southern Europe (including Sicily), the Balkans, southern Ukraine, and Crimea, through Türkiye and the Caucasus eastward to Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, northern India, and Nepal to southern West Bengal, and southward to the southern tip of the Indian Peninsula, in the Middle East and Sinai Peninsula southward through the Arabian Peninsula to Yemen and Oman, in Africa from the Canary Islands, northern Morocco, Algeria, and southward to Senegal, northern Ghana, northern Nigeria, and thence eastward to Kenya and northern Tanzania; also in southern Angola southward to northern South Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695180","egyvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/egyvul1","avibase-6D3480A6",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/102/mode/1up","Vultur Perenopterus"],["7986","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Neophron percnopterus ginginianus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.7",null,null,null,"2025-N073","The gender of <em>Neophron </em>has long been controversial because the entry in the ICZN’s Official List from 1987 stipulated a feminine gender while the previous ICZN Direction 26 from 1955 fixed it as masculine. The entry in the Official List was an error. In 2024/2025, the ICZN issued an Official Correction that establishes the gender as masculine.","Kashmir (where overlaps with African Group, at least in winter) and southeastern Pakistan eastward through central Nepal and central West Bengal, and southward in Indian Peninsula to southern Kerala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C80182E",null,null,"Gingee, Coromandel, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/29/mode/1up","Vultur ginginianus"],["7987","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Neophron percnopterus majorensis","Donázar, Negro, Palacios et al., 2002","The Journal of Raptor Research 36 p.17-23",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Canary Islands (Fuerteventura and Lanzarote)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB9CE1AD",null,null,"Tostón (Northwestern coast of Fuerteventura) by D. Bannerman on 22 October 1913","Description of a new subspecies of the Egyptian Vulture (accipitridae: Neophron percnopterus) from the Canary Islands","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258833262","Neophron percnopterus majorensis"],["7988","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Neophron percnopterus percnopterus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Europe eastward through Türkiye and Caucasus to central Asia (eastern Kazakhstan) and northwestern India (where overlaps at least in winter with Indian Group), and southward through northern Africa, Middle East (Levant), Sahel, and Arabian Peninsula to northern Tanzania (situation unclear in southern Africa, where formerly widespread, now persists as breeder in southwestern Angola and northern Namibia, and perhaps Eastern Cape, in South Africa); also Balearic Islands, Sicily, Cabo Verde, and Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DD1FC5F",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/102/mode/1up","Vultur Perenopterus"],["7989","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Eutriorchis","Sharpe, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eutriorchis astur [Sharpe, 1875]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/127/mode/1up","Eutriorchis"],["7990","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Eutriorchis astur","Sharpe, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.3 p.73 pl.13","Madagascar Serpent Eagle","Madagascar Serpent-Eagle","Madagascar Serpent-eagle",null,null,"rainforest of northeastern and east-central Madagascar; very local and rare",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695336","maseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maseag1","avibase-D5EF2E20",null,null,"southern Madagascar.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/127/mode/1up","Eutriorchis astur"],["7991","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leptodon","Sundevall, 1836","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ser.3, t.23 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco cayennensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy = Falco cayanensis Latham, 1790",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107409#page/118/mode/1up","Leptodon"],["7992","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leptodon forbesi","(Swann, 1922)","A synopsis of the Accipitres (etc.). 2nd ed. p.159","White-collared Kite","White-collared Kite","White-collared Kite",null,null,"Atlantic lowland rainforest of northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724659","whckit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whckit1","avibase-D54F02A6",null,null,"Pernambuco, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43722#page/171/mode/1up","Odontriorchis forbesi"],["7993","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leptodon cayanensis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.28","Grey-headed Kite","Gray-headed Kite","Grey-headed Kite",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest from southeastern Mexico (including the Yucatan Peninsula) southward across Central America to eastern Panama and northern Colombia, southward to the middle Magdalena Valley, and along Pacific Colombia to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes across Venezuela, the Guianas, and Trinidad southward across the Amazon basin to central and eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina; in interior and eastern Brazil (Piauí, Ceará, and Sergipe southward to southern Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, and northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694967","grhkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhkit1","avibase-C2A2B363",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/50/mode/1up","Falco cayanensis"],["7994","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leptodon cayanensis cayanensis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to Trinidad, the Guianas, western Ecuador, and Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C55BB6EC",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/50/mode/1up","Falco cayanensis"],["7995","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leptodon cayanensis monachus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil to eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1A91F1C",null,null,"Brazil; type locality herewith restricted to Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/360/mode/1up","Sparvius monachus"],["7996","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Chondrohierax","Lesson, 1843","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 7 col.61",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Daedalion erythrofrons [Lesson, 1843]; type by monotypy = Falco uncinatus Temminck, 1822",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/33/mode/1up","Chondrohierax"],["7997","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Chondrohierax wilsonii","(Cassin, 1847)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3, no.8 p.199","Cuban Kite","Cuban Kite","Cuban Kite","2025-0353","Taxon <em>wilsonii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chondrohierax uncinatus</em> (polytypic, including <em>mirus</em>) based on combined morphological and genetic evidence. The island endemic <em>C. wilsonii</em> is smaller in size, possesses a larger, all-yellow bill, and is the most distinctive taxon based on mitochondrial DNA divergences (Johnson et al. 2007). These differences are considered significant given the presence of weak geographic structure in variation within <em>Chondrohierax uncinatus</em> across the rest of its extensive geographic range.","varied lowland forest and woodland types in far eastern Cuba; possibly extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728485","hobkit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hobkit2","avibase-B028452B",null,null,"near Gibara, Cuba; La Silla, c. 13.5 km south of Gibara, Holguín province, northeast Cuba (Kirwan & Kirconnell 2022)","Description of a new rapacious bird in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17669#page/207/mode/1up","Cymindis Wilsonii"],["7998","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Chondrohierax uncinatus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.18, vol.1 pl.103,104","Hook-billed Kite","Hook-billed Kite","Hook-billed Kite","2025-0353","Taxon <em>wilsonii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chondrohierax uncinatus</em> (polytypic, including <em>mirus</em>) based on combined morphological and genetic evidence. The island endemic <em>C. wilsonii</em> is smaller in size, possesses a larger, all-yellow bill, and is the most distinctive taxon based on mitochondrial DNA divergences (Johnson et al. 2007). These differences are considered significant given the presence of weak geographic structure in variation within <em>Chondrohierax uncinatus</em> across the rest of its extensive geographic range.","deciduous to humid forest, riparian woodland, swamps with trees, gallery forest, Cerrado woodland, and agricultural fields from northeastern Mexico and adjacent US, and from northwestern Mexico southeastward across Central America to eastern Panama; northern Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena and southward in the Pacific to northwestern Peru; east of the Andes in Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin and Cerrado of interior Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina; in eastern Brazil from Ceará and Piauí southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, but absent in most Caatinga",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694971","hobkit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hobkit","avibase-DCB3560C",null,null,"'Vicinity of Rio to the north of Brazil and all of Guiana.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/387/mode/1up","Falco uncinatus"],["7999","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.18, vol.1 pl.103,104",null,null,null,null,null,"southern USA and western Mexico to Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34457827",null,null,"'Vicinity of Rio to the north of Brazil and all of Guiana.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/387/mode/1up","Falco uncinatus"],["8000","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus","Friedmann, 1934","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 24, no.7 p.313-314",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C6FF8F1",null,null,"Grenada.","The Hawks of the genus Chondrohierax.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123323#page/353/mode/1up","Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus"],["8001","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda","Swainson, 1836","On the natural history and classification of birds 1 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aviceda cuculoides [Swainson, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1837, Natural History and Classification of Birds, 2, p. 214).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133841#page/316/mode/1up","Aviceda"],["8002","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda cuculoides","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.104, pl.1","African Cuckoo-Hawk","African Cuckoo-Hawk","African Cuckoo-hawk",null,null,"lowland to montane woodland, rainforest, and riparian and coastal forest, from Senegambia eastward to southwestern Ethiopia, Kenya, and southern Somalia, and southward to Angola, northeastern Namibia and southern South Africa; some local populations short-distance migrants",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694944","afrcuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrcuh1","avibase-648936C0",null,null,"no locality. Type from Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/106/mode/1up","Aviceda cuculoides"],["8003","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda cuculoides cuculoides","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.104, pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southwestern Ethiopia and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D572841",null,null,"no locality. Type from Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/106/mode/1up","Aviceda cuculoides"],["8004","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda cuculoides batesi","(Swann, 1920)","A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) (etc.) pt.3 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Uganda and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72083D8D",null,null,"River Ja, Cameroon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52249#page/137/mode/1up","Baza cuculoides batesi"],["8005","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda cuculoides verreauxii","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to Namibia and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AFC4CBC",null,null,"Durban, Natal.","Mélanges ornithologiques (Suite.) Sur les genres Aviceda (Swainson), Lophotes (Lesson) Lépidegenys (Gould), et sur deux nouvelles espèces du genre Aviceda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/144/mode/1up","Aviceda Verreauxii"],["8006","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda madagascariensis","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.3, pt.2 p.285","Madagascar Cuckoo-Hawk","Madagascar Cuckoo-Hawk","Madagascar Cuckoo-hawk",null,null,"woodland and scrub of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694950","madcuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madcuh1","avibase-C8E60C39",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/305/mode/1up","Pernis Madagascariensis"],["8007","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda jerdoni","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.464","Jerdon's Baza","Jerdon's Baza","Jerdon's Baza",null,null,"lowland to foothill rainforest, and coastal swamp forest, from southern India and Sri Lanka eastward through eastern India to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi and associated islands, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694956","jerbaz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jerbaz1","avibase-0C89F1D6",null,null,"No type locality = Malacca.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/516/mode/1up","Pernis Jerdoni"],["8008","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda jerdoni jerdoni","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Myanmar, southern China, northern Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C56C9D2E",null,null,"No type locality = Malacca.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/516/mode/1up","Pernis Jerdoni"],["8009","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda jerdoni ceylonensis","(Legge, 1876)","Stray Feathers 4 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (in southern Western Ghats and northern Eastern Ghats) and southern Sri Lanka; perhaps also Andhra Pradesh and elsewhere in eastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E5DD5D7",null,null,"Near Kandy, Ceylon.","Notes on and Additions to Ceylonese Avi-fauna, with a Notice of some apparently new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/267/mode/1up","Baza ceylonensis"],["8010","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda jerdoni borneensis","(Brüggemann, 1876)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9622AE8F",null,null,"Pontianate, Borneo.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/55/mode/1up","Baza borneensis"],["8011","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda jerdoni magnirostris","(Kaup, 1847)","Isis von Oken 40, heft 5 col.343",null,null,null,null,null,"Samar, Mindanao, and Palawan group (east-central, southern, and southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22AF7AEE",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/190/mode/1up","Hyptiopus magnirostris"],["8012","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda jerdoni celebensis","(Schlegel, 1873)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.10 no.36 Accipitres p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Togian, Banggai, and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3347CE07",null,null,"Celebes and Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/441/mode/1up","Baza celebensis"],["8013","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt3 pl.46,text","Pacific Baza","Pacific Baza","Pacific Baza",null,null,"Wallacea (except Sulawesi), New Guinea region, northern and eastern Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694961","pacbaz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacbaz1","avibase-010AC994",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/191/mode/1up","Lepidogenys subcristatus"],["8014","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata timorlaoensis","(Meyer, 1893)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 4, no.3 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas and islands off Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-076E8123",null,null,"Timorlaut [=Tanimbar Islands]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104468#page/141/mode/1up","Baza timorlaoensis"],["8015","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata rufa","(Schlegel, 1866)","De vogels van Nederlandsch Indië 3 p.48,78 pl.27 fig.4 pl.28 fig.1-3",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1D5BD97",null,null,"Halmahera, Morotai, Batjan, Ternate en Tidore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50394#page/165/mode/1up","Baza rufa"],["8016","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata stresemanni","(Siebers, 1930)","Treubia 7, suppl. p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D800683",null,null,"Xal'Besi, Bum.","Fauna Buruana, Aves.",null,"Baza stresemanni"],["8017","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata reinwardtii","(Schlegel & Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie [\"1845\"] Zool. Aves, no.5 p.37 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Boano, Seram, Ambon, and Haruku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C615C79",null,null,"Manado, Celebes; error, Ceram substituted by Berlepsch, 1911, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. GeselL, 34, p. 81.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/347/mode/1up","Falco (Lophotes) Reinwardtii"],["8018","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata pallida","(Stresemann, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram Laut (Manawoka and Gorong) and Kai Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-062E5BA7",null,null,"Tual, Kei Islands.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/326/mode/1up","Baza subcristata pallida"],["8019","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata waigeuensis","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1056 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86C55D02",null,null,"Waigeo. [Indonesia]","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 41, Notes on New Guinea birds. 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4815/","Aviceda subcristata waigeuensis"],["8020","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata obscura","Junge, 1956","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 34, no.16 p.[241]",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03AAC66D",null,null,"Biak.","New bird records from Biak Island.","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149590","Aviceda subcristata obscura"],["8021","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata stenozona","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66A07FC1",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/235/mode/1up","Baza stenozona"],["8022","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata megala","(Stresemann, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AA1955C",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/327/mode/1up","Baza subcristata megala"],["8023","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata coultasi","Mayr, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1294 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A86666B3",null,null,"Manus Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 55, Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3811/","Aviceda subcristata coultasi"],["8024","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata bismarckii","(Sharpe, 1888)","The birds of New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands, including many new species recently discovered in Australia pt25 pl.4,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6630389E",null,null,"New Britain and New Ireland. Type from New Britain figured as Baza gurneyi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229855#page/31/mode/1up","Baza bismarckii"],["8025","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata gurneyi","(Ramsay, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E97379D9",null,null,"Ugi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/144/mode/1up","Baza Gurneyi"],["8026","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda subcristata subcristata","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt3 pl.46,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to southern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2F05598",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/191/mode/1up","Lepidogenys subcristatus"],["8027","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda leuphotes","(Dumont, 1820)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 16 p.217","Black Baza","Black Baza","Black Baza",null,null,"lowland to foothill open tropical forest from central Nepal eastward through Himalayan foothills to south-central China (including Hainan), and southward to Andaman Islands and southeastern Asia; some northern populations migrate to southern India, Sumatra, and western Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694964","blabaz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabaz1","avibase-139A5705",null,null,"Pondicherry.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/74507#page/223/mode/1up","Falco leuphotes"],["8028","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda leuphotes syama","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.777",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Himalayas to west-central China and northern Myanmar; winters to Indochina and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E078D275",null,null,"lower region of Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/907/mode/1up","Baza Syama"],["8029","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda leuphotes leuphotes","(Dumont, 1820)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 16 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India to southern Myanmar and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39C2F474",null,null,"Pondicherry.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/74507#page/223/mode/1up","Falco leuphotes"],["8030","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aviceda leuphotes andamanica","Abdulali & Grubh, 1970","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 67 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A60AB3E9",null,null,"Wrightmyo, South Andaman Island.","A new race of the Blackcrested Baza, Aviceda leuphotes (Dumont), from the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185054#page/200/mode/1up","Aviceda leuphotes andamanica"],["8031","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco apivorus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/364/mode/1up","Pernis"],["8032","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis apivorus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.91","European Honey Buzzard","European Honey-buzzard","European Honey-buzzard",null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic; winters southern Europe and Iran to southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694989","euhbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/euhbuz1","avibase-ED5A7E8F",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 23.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/109/mode/1up","Falco apivorus"],["8033","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis ptilorhynchus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.8, vol.1 pl.44","Crested Honey Buzzard","Oriental Honey-buzzard","Oriental Honey-buzzard",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane forest, open woodland, and plantations, from south-central Siberia eastward to Sakhalin Island, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), and eastern Pakistan and India eastward to south-central China, Greater Sundas, and Philippines; northern populations winter to southeastern Asia and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694995","orihob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orihob2","avibase-1192205B",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/347/mode/1up","Falco ptilorhyncus"],["8034","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis","Taczanowski, 1891","Faune ornithologique de la Sibérie orientale 1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Siberia to northeastern China and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); winters to Greater Sundas and coastal western Australia (regularly Perth, rarely elsewhere)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56B3A059",null,null,"Kultuk west of Lake Baykal, mouth of Ussuri River at lat. 48° N., and Askold Island. Type from mouth of Ussuri River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/225849#page/58/mode/1up","Pernis apivorus orientalis"],["8035","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis ptilorhynchus ruficollis","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"India and Sri Lanka through southwestern China and southeastern Asia except Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BB6E136",null,null,"'patrie inconnue' = Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/115/mode/1up","Pernis ruficollis"],["8036","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis ptilorhynchus torquatus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EB2DD37",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/114/mode/1up","Pernis torquata"],["8037","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis ptilorhynchus ptilorhynchus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.8, vol.1 pl.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45702FE3",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/347/mode/1up","Falco ptilorhyncus"],["8038","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis ptilorhynchus palawanensis","Stresemann, 1940","Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Zeitschrift für systematische Zoologie. Neue Folge n.s., 9 Heft02 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Palawan and Calauit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-882203E9",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Zur Kenntnis der Wespenbussarde (Pernis).",null,"Pernis ptilorhynchus palawanensis"],["8039","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis ptilorhynchus philippensis","Mayr, 1939","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 47 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE05BB06",null,null,"Mindanao.","Ein neuer Wespenbuzzard von den Philippinen.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447452&seq=88","Pernis ptilorhynchus philippensis"],["8040","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis celebensis","Wallace, 1868","Ibis ser.2, vol.4 p.17","Barred Honey Buzzard","Sulawesi Honey-buzzard","Sulawesi Honey-buzzard",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Togian, Banggai, and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi) and Muna and Buton (to southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727689","barhob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barhob1","avibase-16CC2698",null,null,"Celebes.","On the Raptorial Birds of the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/39/mode/1up","Pernis cristatus var. celebensis"],["8041","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis steerei","Sclater, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.41","Philippine Honey Buzzard","Philippine Honey-buzzard","Philippine Honey-buzzard",null,null,"lowland forest of Philippines (except Palawan group and Cebu )",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735356","barhob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barhob2","avibase-2588C5AF",null,null,"San Antonio, Negros, Philippines.","Descriptions of new Hawks, with a synopsis of the genus Spilornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/309/mode/1up","Pernis celebensis steerei"],["8042","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis steerei winkleri","Gamauf & Preleuthner, 1998","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 118 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon group; likely this taxon on Mindoro, Tablas, and Romblon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B19092D7",null,null,"Bataan, Luzon, collected by O. Koch, 17 August 1881","A new taxon of the Barred Honeybuzzard Pernis celebensis from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123804#page/488/mode/1up","Pernis celebensis winkleri"],["8043","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pernis steerei steerei","Sclater, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Philippines (Western and Eastern Visayas, Mindanao group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D636174D",null,null,"San Antonio, Negros, Philippines.","Descriptions of new Hawks, with a synopsis of the genus Spilornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/309/mode/1up","Pernis celebensis steerei"],["8044","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanoides","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 24 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco forficatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Falco forficatus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/160913#page/111/mode/1up","Elanoides"],["8045","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanoides forficatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89","Swallow-tailed Kite","Swallow-tailed Kite","Swallow-tailed Kite",null,null,"forest and non-forest habitats; breeds in southeastern US, north to South Carolina and west to eastern Texas, and from southeastern Mexico southward to Panama, migrates through eastern Mexico and the Caribbean and winters in South America; resident throughout most northern South America southward in the Pacific lowlands to northwesternmost Peru, southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys in interior Colombia, and east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas southward across most Brazil (except the Caatinga region in the northeast), to northern Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and from eastern Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina; populations from southern Brazil to northern Argentina migrate northward after breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695017","swtkit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swtkit","avibase-1BAC6645",null,null,"Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco forficatus"],["8046","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanoides forficatus forficatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds lowlands of coastal southeastern USA to northern Mexico; winters in South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A6A22D5",null,null,"Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco forficatus"],["8047","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Elanoides forficatus yetapa","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.564",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula) to Brazil and northeastern Argentina; northern population winters in South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C00044C7",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/588/mode/1up","Milvus yetapa"],["8048","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hamirostra","Brown, 1846","Illustrations of the genera of birds, embracing their generic characters; with sketches of their habits pt8 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hamirostra montana [T. Brown, 1846]; type by monotypy = Buteo melanosternon Gould, 1841",null,null,null,"Hamirostra"],["8049","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hamirostra melanosternon","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.162","Black-breasted Buzzard","Black-breasted Kite","Black-breasted Buzzard",null,null,"northern and central Australia (northern Murchison region and southern deserts in Western Australia southward to Darling River in eastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695014","bkbkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbkit1","avibase-2775A1ED",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/888/mode/1up","Buteo melanosternon"],["8050","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophoictinia","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 2 col.113",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Milvus isurus [Gould, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/69/mode/1up","Lophoictinia"],["8051","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophoictinia isura","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt3 pl.47 fig.2,text","Square-tailed Kite","Square-tailed Kite","Square-tailed Kite",null,null,"locally in open woodland and scrub throughout Australia (except western deserts and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695010","sqtkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sqtkit1","avibase-E5D782FB",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 250.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/195/mode/1up","Milvus isurus"],["8052","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Henicopernis","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco longicauda [Lesson & Garnot, 1828]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/213/mode/1up","Henicopernis"],["8053","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Henicopernis longicauda","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 livr.7 pl.10","Long-tailed Honey Buzzard","Long-tailed Honey-buzzard","Long-tailed Honey-buzzard",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694976","lthbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lthbuz1","avibase-AC3B7AD4",null,null,"New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/29/mode/1up","Falco longicauda"],["8054","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Henicopernis infuscatus","Gurney, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.128","Black Honey Buzzard","Black Honey-buzzard","Black Honey-buzzard",null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22694980","blhbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhbuz1","avibase-36DD499F",null,null,"Blanche Bay, New Britain.","Notes on the Raptorial Birds collected in New Britain by Lieut. G. E. Richards, R. N..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/160/mode/1up","Henicopernis infuscata"],["8055","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Sarcogyps","Lesson, 1842","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 9 col.1038",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur ponticerianus [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Vultur calvus Scopoli, 1786  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180985#page/374/mode/1up","Sarcogyps"],["8056","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Sarcogyps calvus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.85","Red-headed Vulture","Red-headed Vulture","Red-headed Vulture",null,null,"India and southeastern Asia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695254","rehvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehvul1","avibase-21D7169D",null,null,"Pondicherry, India.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Vultur calvus"],["8057","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Trigonoceps","Lesson, 1842","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 6 col.1038",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur occipitalis [Burchell, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180985#page/374/mode/1up","Trigonoceps"],["8058","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Trigonoceps occipitalis","(Burchell, 1824)","Travels in the interior of Southern Africa 2 p.329,note","White-headed Vulture","White-headed Vulture","White-headed Vulture",null,null,"thornscrub and desert of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695250","whhvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhvul1","avibase-93D7EC56",null,null,"Makkwari = Matlowing River, Botswana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180414#page/355/mode/1up","Vultur occipitalis"],["8059","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aegypius","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.68,73",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur niger [Daudin, 1800]; type by monotypy = Vultur monachus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/80/mode/1up","Aegypius"],["8060","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aegypius monachus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.122","Cinereous Vulture","Cinereous Vulture","Cinereous Vulture",null,null,"Mediterranean basin to eastern Asia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695231","cinvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinvul1","avibase-158BDC90",null,null,"Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/126/mode/1up","Vultur Monachus"],["8061","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Torgos","Kaup, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 11 col.1144",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vultur auricularis [Daudin, 1800]; type by monotypy = Vultur tracheliotos J.R. Forster, 1796",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/528/mode/1up","Torgos"],["8062","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Torgos tracheliotos","(Forster, 1796)","Le Vaillant's neue Reise in das Innere von Afrika, während der Jahre 1783 bis 1785 3 p.363 pl.12","Lappet-faced Vulture","Lappet-faced Vulture","Lappet-faced Vulture",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane steppe and open slopes, savanna, and desert, from southern Mauritania eastward across the Sahel and adjacent desert to southeastern Egypt, Sudan, and the Arabian Peninsula, and southward through Ethiopia, Somalia, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania, to southern Angola, Namibia, and northern South Africa; extinct in Morocco, Western Sahara, and Israel",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695238","lafvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lafvul1","avibase-672EA454",null,null,"Great Namaqualand.",null,null,"Vultur tracheliotus"],["8063","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Torgos tracheliotos negevensis","Bruun, Mendelssohn & Bull, 1981","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"Arabian Peninsula (formerly also southern Israel)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E7B6BAF",null,null,"northern Negev, Israel, 10 August 1957 by Heinrich Mendelssohn as immature: kept in captivity in Tel Aviv until its death 27 May 1979","A new subspecies of Lappet-faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotus from the Negev Desert, Israel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/15/mode/1up","Torgos tracheliotus negevensis"],["8064","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Torgos tracheliotos tracheliotos","(Forster, 1796)","Le Vaillant's neue Reise in das Innere von Afrika, während der Jahre 1783 bis 1785 3 p.363 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania eastward to southeastern Egypt and Somalia, southward to Namibia, northern South Africa, and Swaziland; extirpated in northwestern Africa (southwestern Morocco and Western Sahara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B559AAD8",null,null,"Great Namaqualand.",null,null,"Vultur tracheliotus"],["8065","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Necrosyrtes","Gloger, 1841","Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte p.236",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cathartes monachus [Temminck, 1823]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Necrosyrtes"],["8066","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Necrosyrtes monachus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.38, vol.1 pl.222","Hooded Vulture","Hooded Vulture","Hooded Vulture",null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695185","hoovul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoovul1","avibase-131038AD",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/193/mode/1up","Cathartes monachus"],["8067","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.68,71",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gyps vulgaris [Savigny, 1809]; type by monotypy = Vultur fulvus Hablizl, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/80/mode/1up","Gyps"],["8068","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps bengalensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.245","White-rumped Vulture","White-rumped Vulture","White-rumped Vulture",null,null,"lowlands of Iran to India, southwestern China, and southeastern Asia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695194","whrvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrvul1","avibase-FC2346E6",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/257/mode/1up","Vultur bengalensis"],["8069","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps himalayensis","Hume, 1869","My scrapbook: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology p.12,15","Himalayan Vulture","Himalayan Griffon","Himalayan Griffon",null,null,"Himalayas from northwestern India to Tibet and west-central China",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695215","himgri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himgri1","avibase-9BB5551E",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,null,"Gyps Himalayensis"],["8070","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps africanus","Salvadori, 1865","Notizia storica dei lavori fatti dalla Classe di Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino negli anni 1864 e 1865 p.133","White-backed Vulture","White-backed Vulture","White-backed Vulture",null,null,"open plains and savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695189","whbvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbvul1","avibase-0419DDC2",null,null,"Sennar.",null,null,"Gyps africanus"],["8071","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps indicus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.85","Indian Vulture","Indian Vulture","Indian Vulture",null,null,"Pakistan and India (south of the Ganges River)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729731","indvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indvul1","avibase-C255F69A",null,null,"India.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Vultur indicus"],["8072","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps tenuirostris","Gray, 1844","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1, pt.2 p.6 pl.[3]","Slender-billed Vulture","Slender-billed Vulture","Slender-billed Vulture",null,null,"Kashmir through base of Himalayas to southeastern Asia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729460","slbvul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbvul1","avibase-11324DC8",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/38/mode/1up","Gyps tenuirostris"],["8073","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps coprotheres","(Forster, 1798)","F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der Africanischen Vögel mit Anmerkungen von Dr. Johann Reinhold Forster p.35 pl.10","Cape Vulture","Cape Griffon","Cape Vulture",null,null,"open plains and mountains of southern Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695225","capgri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capgri1","avibase-F85BEEB4",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124756#page/73/mode/1up","Vultur Coprotheres"],["8074","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps fulvus","(Hablizl, 1783)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 4 p.58","Griffon Vulture","Eurasian Griffon","Griffon Vulture",null,null,"open areas in the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, and southern Italy, including the Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily, and Cyprus, eastward through the Balkans, Türkiye, and the Caucasus to montane regions of northern Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and southward through montane regions in the Middle East to southwestern Arabian Peninsula; winters in southern Europe, the Middle East, Mesopotomia, the Arabian Peninsula eastward to northern India, and in northwestern and northeastern Africa southward to Senegal, southern Mali, and northern Nigeria, and to southern Sudan and northern Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695219","eurgri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurgri1","avibase-5D1987CE",null,null,"Samamisian Alps, Gilan, Iran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102975#page/67/mode/1up","Vultur fulvus"],["8075","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps fulvus fulvus","(Hablizl, 1783)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 4 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa and Iberian Peninsula to Middle East",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5B19FA1",null,null,"Samamisian Alps, Gilan, Iran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102975#page/67/mode/1up","Vultur fulvus"],["8076","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps fulvus fulvescens","Hume, 1869","My scrapbook: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology p.15,19",null,null,null,null,null,"Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern plains of India to Assam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79CA7FAC",null,null,"Punjab. Type from Lahore.",null,null,"Gyps Fulvescens"],["8077","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps rueppelli","(Brehm, 1852)","Naumannia 2, heft 3 p.44","Rüppell's Vulture","Rüppell's Griffon","Rüppell's Vulture",null,null,"lowland to montane arid steppe, grassland, and cliffs, from southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia, and southward to Kenya and northern Tanzania; irregular dry-season wandering",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695207","ruegri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruegri1","avibase-76B512B1",null,null,"Khartum.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrika's, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19761#page/294/mode/1up","Vultur Ruppellii"],["8078","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps rueppelli rueppelli","(Brehm, 1852)","Naumannia 2, heft 3 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania to eastern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12E5BA76",null,null,"Khartum.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrika's, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19761#page/294/mode/1up","Vultur Ruppellii"],["8079","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Gyps rueppelli erlangeri","Salvadori, 1908","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 23, no.576 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia, Eritrea, and northwestern Somalia; southern Arabia?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA8BBD3F",null,null,"Eritrea, E. Abyssinia, Shoa, Gallaland and Somaliland","Gyps erlangeri n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43024#page/13/mode/1up","Gyps erlangeri"],["8080","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco bacha [Shaw]; type by original designation = Falco bassus J.R. Forster, 1798  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/17/mode/1up","Spilornis"],["8081","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis klossi","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.304","Great Nicobar Serpent Eagle","Nicobar Serpent-Eagle","Great Nicobar Serpent-eagle",null,null,"Great Nicobar (southern Nicobar Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729465","nicsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicsee1","avibase-827AE888",null,null,"Pulo Kunyi, Great Nicobar Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/336/mode/1up","Spilornis klossi"],["8082","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis elgini","(Blyth, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.17 p.118","Andaman Serpent Eagle","Andaman Serpent-Eagle","Andaman Serpent-eagle",null,null,"forest of Andaman Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695323","anseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anseag1","avibase-FEADBB9B",null,null,"South Andaman Island.","[Extracts from Mr. Blyth's recent letters].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/142/mode/1up","Haematornis elgini"],["8083","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis kinabaluensis","Sclater, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.37","Mountain Serpent Eagle","Mountain Serpent-Eagle","Kinabalu Serpent-eagle",null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695306","moseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moseag1","avibase-2FDECDDE",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu.","Descriptions of new Hawks, with a synopsis of the genus Spilornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/305/mode/1up","Spilornis cheela kinabaluensis"],["8084","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis rufipectus","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.222","Sulawesi Serpent Eagle","Sulawesi Serpent-Eagle","Sulawesi Serpent-eagle",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695313","suseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suseag1","avibase-7DF17358",null,null,"vicinity of Macassar, Celebes.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/234/mode/1up","Spilornis rufipectus"],["8085","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis rufipectus rufipectus","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE0FA08F",null,null,"vicinity of Macassar, Celebes.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/234/mode/1up","Spilornis rufipectus"],["8086","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis rufipectus sulaensis","(Schlegel, 1866)","De vogels van Nederlandsch Indië 3 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E26536BF",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50394#page/162/mode/1up","Circaëtus sulaënsis"],["8087","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis holospilus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.96","Philippine Serpent Eagle","Philippine Serpent-Eagle","Philippine Serpent-eagle",null,null,"forest of larger Philippines (except Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695318","phseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phseag1","avibase-B7C2D213",null,null,"near Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/110/mode/1up","Buteo holospilus"],["8088","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.14","Crested Serpent Eagle","Crested Serpent-Eagle","Crested Serpent-eagle",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, savanna, mangroves, and plantations, from sub-Himalayan Indian subcontinent and associated islands eastward to southern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan, and southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), and southward to Palawan (Philippines) and Greater Sundas, including many related islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695293","crseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crseag1","avibase-3EEEE78A",null,null,"India; restricted to Lucknow by W. L. Sclater, 1919, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 40, p. 38.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/36/mode/1up","Falco Cheela"],["8089","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela cheela","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Pakistan (rare) and sub-Himalayan India eastward to Assam and northeastern and central Bangladesh; winters to Gangetic Plain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0F1BBC4",null,null,"India; restricted to Lucknow by W. L. Sclater, 1919, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 40, p. 38.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/36/mode/1up","Falco Cheela"],["8090","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela melanotis","(Jerdon, 1841)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.1, no.30 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India southward from Gujarat and Gangetic Plain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-440D2AA3",null,null,"foot of the Nilgiris.","Supplement to the Catalogue of Birds of the Peninsula of India. (From No. 29, page 227.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/212/mode/1up","Buteo melanotis"],["8091","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela spilogaster","(Blyth, 1852)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 21, no.4 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FB3A0F3",null,null,"Ceylon.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124452#page/399/mode/1up","Haematornis spilogaster"],["8092","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela burmanicus","Swann, 1920","A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) (etc.) pt.3 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southwestern China, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54B4565F",null,null,"Jobin, Thayetmyo, Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52249#page/111/mode/1up","Spilornis cheela burmanicus"],["8093","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela ricketti","Sclater, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9944867",null,null,"Yamakan, Fukien.","Descriptions of new Hawks, with a synopsis of the genus Spilornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/305/mode/1up","Spilornis cheela ricketti"],["8094","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela malayensis","Swann, 1920","A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) (etc.) pt.3 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, northern Sumatra, and Anambas Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEEB076A",null,null,"Raub, Pahang, Malay Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52249#page/113/mode/1up","Spilornis cheela malayensis"],["8095","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela davisoni","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-663E4DC8",null,null,"Port Blair, South Andaman Island.","Additional remarks on the Avifauna of the Andamans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/327/mode/1up","Spilornis Davisoni"],["8096","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela perplexus","Swann, 1922","A synopsis of the Accipitres (etc.). 2nd ed. p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Iriomote and Ishigaki (Yaeyama Islands, southern Ryukyu Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C8C2A30",null,null,"'Triomate Yayeyama, S. Loo Choo Is.' = Yayeyama, Iriomote Island, Riukiu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43722#page/147/mode/1up","Spilornis cheela perplexus"],["8097","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela hoya","Swinhoe, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.7 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DA5D824",null,null,"Formosa.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/342/mode/1up","Spilornis hoya"],["8098","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela rutherfordi","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E7E0648",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/107/mode/1up","Spilornis rutherfordi"],["8099","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela pallidus","Walden, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.8 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D51C0AE",null,null,"Sarawak.","On a Collection of Birds recently made by Mr. A. H. Everett in Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/405/mode/1up","Spilornis pallidus"],["8100","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela richmondi","Swann, 1922","A synopsis of the Accipitres (etc.). 2nd ed. p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A80E8092",null,null,"Kendawangan River, southwestern Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43722#page/147/mode/1up","Spilornis cheela richmondi"],["8101","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela natunensis","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Natunas and Belitung (off Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE18397C",null,null,"Bunguran Island.","Nine new races of Natuna Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328589/em-nine-new-races-of-natuna-birds-em","Spilornis cheela natunensis"],["8102","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela sipora","Chasen & Kloss, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Archipelago (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C13376E6",null,null,"Sipora Island.","Spolia Mentawiensis. - Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07583.x","Spilornis elgini sipora"],["8103","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela batu","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra and Batu Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C7AB371",null,null,"Batu Islands.","Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Part III - Birds from Nias Island.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064295","Spilornis cheela batu"],["8104","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela asturinus","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4C9976D",null,null,"no locality; Nias designated by Meise, 1939, Journ. Ornith., 87, p. 69.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/363/mode/1up","Spilornis asturinus"],["8105","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela abbotti","Richmond, 1903","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A487AB52",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/552/mode/1up","Spilornis abbotti"],["8106","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela bido","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-509B48A5",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/156/mode/1up","Falco Bido"],["8107","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela baweanus","Oberholser, 1917","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 52, no.2175 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Bawean (off northern Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96B103C0",null,null,"Bawean.","The Birds of Bawean Island, Java Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32863#page/207/mode/1up","Spilornis bassus baweanus"],["8108","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela palawanensis","Sclater, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DE5224D",null,null,"Palawan.","Descriptions of new Hawks, with a synopsis of the genus Spilornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/306/mode/1up","Spilornis cheela palawanensis"],["8109","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spilornis cheela minimus","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C66A7EE",null,null,"Camorta, Nicobar Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/492/mode/1up","Spilornis minimus"],["8110","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pithecophaga","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pithecophaga jefferyi [Ogilvie-Grant, 1896]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/376/mode/1up","Pithecophaga"],["8111","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pithecophaga jefferyi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.17","Philippine Eagle","Philippine Eagle","Philippine Eagle",null,null,"Luzon, East Visayas, and Mindanao (northern, east-central, and southern Philippines)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696012","grpeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grpeag1","avibase-B3B046EC",null,null,"Samar, Philippine Islands.","On new species of birds from Samar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/377/mode/1up","Pithecophaga jefferyi"],["8112","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Terathopius","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco ecaudatus [Shaw]; type by monotypy = Falco ecaudatus Daudin, 1800",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/84/mode/1up","Terathopius"],["8113","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Terathopius ecaudatus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.54","Bateleur","Bateleur","Bateleur",null,null,"savanna and thornscrub of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695289","batele1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batele1","avibase-6CBD8724",null,null,"'pays d'Auteniquoi' = Knysna district, Cape Province, fide W. L. Sclater, 1924, Syst. Avium Ethiopicarum, p. 64.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/68/mode/1up","Falco ecaudatus"],["8114","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco gallicus [J.F. Gmelin, 1788]; type by monotypy = Falco gallicus J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f29.item","Circaetus"],["8115","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus fasciolatus","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 12 col.954","Southern Banded Snake Eagle","Southern Banded Snake-Eagle","Southern Banded Snake-eagle",null,null,"mainly coastal districts of southern Somalia to eastern South Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695277","faseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faseag1","avibase-9F2839A9",null,null,"Natal.","Monograph of the Falconidae, systematically arranged.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/509/mode/1up","Circaëtus fasciolatus"],["8116","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus cinerascens","Müller, 1851","Naumannia 1, heft 4 p.27","Western Banded Snake Eagle","Western Banded Snake-Eagle","Western Banded Snake-eagle",null,null,"savanna and thornscrub of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695283","baseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baseag1","avibase-4327F813",null,null,"Sennaar et Fassokl","Diagnosen der in dem ersten Bande der Beiträge zur Ornithologie Africa's von John Wilhelm von Müller enthaltenen neuen Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19690#page/341/mode/1up","Circaëtus cinerascens"],["8117","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus spectabilis","(Schlegel, 1863)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1 p.131 pl.6","Congo Serpent Eagle","Congo Snake-Eagle","Congo Serpent-eagle","2025-0354","Taxon <em>spectabilis </em>is placed in <em>Circaetus</em>, rather than in <em>Dryotriorchis</em>, based on genomic DNA evidence (Catanach et al. 2024) that recovered <em>Circaetus </em>as paraphyletic. However, a three-genus arrangement could also be tenable if a generic name becomes available for the basal clade containing <em>C. cinerascens</em> and <em>C. fasciolatus</em>; this would render <em>Circaetus </em>as monophyletic and allow retention of <em>Dryotriorchis </em>for <em>spectabilis</em>.","lowland rainforest from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southern South Sudan and western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695330","coseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coseag1","avibase-3DA062BF",null,null,"St. George Elmina, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45346#page/155/mode/1up","Astur spectabilis"],["8118","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus spectabilis spectabilis","(Schlegel, 1863)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1 p.131 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Nigeria and northwestern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5272A4F3",null,null,"St. George Elmina, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45346#page/155/mode/1up","Astur spectabilis"],["8119","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus spectabilis batesi","(Sharpe, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.16 p.601",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Uganda, Gabon, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2961F93",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/665/mode/1up","Dryotriorchis batesi"],["8120","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus beaudouini","Verreaux & des Murs, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.15 p.212 pl.7","Beaudouin's Snake Eagle","Beaudouin's Snake-Eagle","Beaudouin's Snake-eagle",null,null,"southwestern Mauritania southward to Guinea, eastward to southwestern Sudan and western South Sudan, possibly to northern Uganda",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732272","beasne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beasne1","avibase-F4E78AFA",null,null,"Bissau, Portuguese Guinea.","Observations sur le Genre Circaëtus ; et Description d'une nouvelle Espèce'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/248/mode/1up","Circaëtus beaudouini"],["8121","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus pectoralis","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.200, 13 May p.2","Black-chested Snake Eagle","Black-chested Snake-Eagle","Black-chested Snake-eagle",null,null,"eastern Sudan and Ethiopia to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734223","bkbsne1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbsne1","avibase-BF553D32",null,null,"[South Africa]","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.3].",null,"Circaeetus pectoralis"],["8122","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus cinereus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 23 p.445","Brown Snake Eagle","Brown Snake-Eagle","Brown Snake-eagle",null,null,"Senegambia to northern Ethiopia and southward to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695271","brseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brseag1","avibase-6904D83F",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60113#page/459/mode/1up","Circaetus cinereus"],["8123","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus gallicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.259","Short-toed Snake Eagle","Short-toed Snake-Eagle","Short-toed Snake-eagle",null,null,"breeds northwestern Africa and southern Europe, northward to Estonia, southward to the Levant, and eastward to Kazakhstan, also locally Arabian Peninsula, northern China, and Mongolia; also resident in South Asia (Pakistan, Nepal, and India), and in Lesser Sundas (Indonesia); western populations winter in the Sahel (Senegal and southwestern Mauritania to Ethiopia and western Kenya), eastern populations winter in South Asia and western Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734216","shteag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shteag1","avibase-8372FFBA",null,null,"France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/271/mode/1up","Falco gallicus"],["8124","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus gallicus gallicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Africa and southern Europe, northward to Estonia, southward to the Levant, and eastward to Kazakhstan, also locally Arabian Peninsula, northern China, and Mongolia; also resident in South Asia (Pakistan, Nepal, and India); western populations winter in the Sahel (Senegal and southwestern Mauritania to Ethiopia and western Kenya), eastern populations winter in South Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA647E90",null,null,"France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/271/mode/1up","Falco gallicus"],["8125","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circaetus gallicus sacerdotis","Christidis, Ng, Olsen et al., 2017","Zootaxa Vol 4358, No 2.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Tanimbar); reported also eastern Java and Bali, where perhaps only a nonbreeding visitor",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07D5551D",null,null,"Nunang, Flores, by Erwin Schmutz on 20 January 1973","A new subspecies of Short-toed Snake-eagle from Wallacea determined from morphological and DNA comparison.",null,"Circaetus gallicus sacerdotis"],["8126","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Stephanoaetus","Sclater, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco coronatus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/294/mode/1up","Stephanoaetus"],["8127","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Stephanoaetus coronatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.124","Crowned Eagle","Crowned Eagle","Crowned Eagle",null,null,"forest of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696201","crheag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crheag1","avibase-1E3B3515",null,null,"coast of Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/128/mode/1up","Falco coronatus"],["8128","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus","Hodgson, 1836","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.65 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nisaetus nipalensis [Hodgson, 1836]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/441/mode/1up","Nisaetus"],["8129","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus nanus","(Wallace, 1868)","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.14","Wallace's Hawk-Eagle","Wallace's Hawk-Eagle","Wallace's Hawk-eagle",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra (including Nias), and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696186","walhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/walhae1","avibase-42B300D2",null,null,"Sarawak.","On the Raptorial Birds of the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/36/mode/1up","Spizaetus nanus"],["8130","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus nanus nanus","(Wallace, 1868)","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and Thailand to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D57B5B5F",null,null,"Sarawak.","On the Raptorial Birds of the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/36/mode/1up","Spizaetus nanus"],["8131","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus nanus stresemanni","(Amadon, 1953)","Ibis vol.95, no.3 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off western Sumatra); possibly extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-55530534",null,null,"Mojeia River, Nias.","Remarks on the Asiatic hawk-eagles of the genus Spizaëtus.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1953.tb00709.x","Spizaetus nanus stresemanni"],["8132","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus kelaarti","(Legge, 1878)","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.6 p.202","Legge's Hawk-Eagle","Legge's Hawk-Eagle",null,"2025-0355","Taxon <em>kelaarti </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Nisaetus nipalensis </em>based on differences in plumage, proportions, vocalizations (Gjershaug et al. 2008), and genetics (Haring et al. 2007; Lerner et al. 2017; Catanach et al. 2024). The treatment of <em>N. kelaarti</em> as a separate species seems well-supported but its position within <em>Nisaetus </em>is unresolved; as phylogenetic reconstructions for <em>kelaarti </em>are based on short mitochondrial DNA segments, denser genetic sampling across <em>Nisaetus </em>is desirable.","southwestern India (Western Ghats) and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,"mouhae2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouhae2","avibase-38856722",null,null,"Ceylon.","[Letter from ?, March 4th, 1878].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/238/mode/1up","Spizaetus kelaarti"],["8133","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus nipalensis","Hodgson, 1836","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.52 p.229 pl.7","Mountain Hawk-Eagle","Mountain Hawk-Eagle",null,"2025-0355","Taxon <em>kelaarti </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Nisaetus nipalensis </em>based on differences in plumage, proportions, vocalizations (Gjershaug et al. 2008), and genetics (Haring et al. 2007; Lerner et al. 2017; Catanach et al. 2024). The treatment of <em>N. kelaarti</em> as a separate species seems well-supported but its position within <em>Nisaetus </em>is unresolved; as phylogenetic reconstructions for <em>kelaarti </em>are based on short mitochondrial DNA segments, denser genetic sampling across <em>Nisaetus </em>is desirable.","foothill to montane forest from Kashmir eastward through the Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China, and southward to northwestern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,"mouhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouhae1","avibase-9EA9701E",null,null,"Nepal.","Summary Description of some New Species of Falconidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/277/mode/1up","Nisactus (sic) Nipalensis"],["8134","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus nipalensis nipalensis","Hodgson, 1836","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.52 p.229 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"India to eastern China, Taiwan, Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5970C5A7",null,null,"Nepal.","Summary Description of some New Species of Falconidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/277/mode/1up","Nisactus (sic) Nipalensis"],["8135","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus nipalensis orientalis","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.7, pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan; possibly also Russian Far East, Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC108F5D",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/17/mode/1up","Spizaëtos orientalis"],["8136","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus alboniger","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.173","Blyth's Hawk-Eagle","Blyth's Hawk-Eagle","Blyth's Hawk-eagle",null,null,"forest of southern Myanmar to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696159","blyhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blyhae1","avibase-76745280",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/341/mode/1up","Nisaëtus alboniger"],["8137","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus bartelsi","(Stresemann, 1924)","Journal für Ornithologie 72, no.3 p.431","Javan Hawk-Eagle","Javan Hawk-Eagle","Javan Hawk-eagle",null,null,"wooded hills of western Java",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696165","javhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javhae1","avibase-A4AB4FBA",null,null,"western Java.","Raubvogelstudien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905393","Spizaëtus nipalensis bartelsi"],["8138","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus lanceolatus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.7","Sulawesi Hawk-Eagle","Sulawesi Hawk-Eagle","Sulawesi Hawk-eagle",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Togian, Banggai, and Sula islands (off east), and Muna and Buton (off southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696172","sulhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulhae1","avibase-4A033B09",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/17/mode/1up","Spizaëtos lanceolatus"],["8139","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus pinskeri","(Preleuthner & Gamauf, 1998)","The Journal of Raptor Research 32 p.126,127,128","Pinsker's Hawk-Eagle","Pinsker's Hawk-Eagle","South Philippine Hawk-eagle",null,null,"most Visayas, Mindanao, and Basilan (central and southern Philippines)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734083","pinhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinhae1","avibase-573C98D5",null,null,"Car-Can-Mad-Lan Area, Surigao del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines (elevation 330-700m), 16 May 1963 by D.S. Rabor","A possible new subspecies of the Philippine Hawk-Eagle (Spizaëtus philippensis) and its future prospects.","http://globalraptors.org/grin/researchers/uploads/350/possible_new_subspecies_1998.pdf","Spizaetus philippensis pinskeri"],["8140","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus philippensis","(Gould, 1863)","The birds of Asia 1 pt15 textpl.10","Philippine Hawk-Eagle","Philippine Hawk-Eagle","North Philippine Hawk-eagle",null,null,"Luzon and Mindoro (northern Philippines)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45015567","phihae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phihae1","avibase-7E5E739E",null,null,"Philippines; Luzon, suggested as type locality by Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 121. [Tydc in Norwich Museum].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115342#page/65/mode/1up","Spizaetus Philippensis"],["8141","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus floris","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.46","Flores Hawk-Eagle","Flores Hawk-Eagle","Flores Hawk-eagle",null,null,"Lombok to Alor (Lesser Sundas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732096","flohae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flohae1","avibase-FF57DFD2",null,null,"South Flores.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/60/mode/1up","Limnaëtus limnaëtus floris"],["8142","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus cirrhatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.274","Changeable Hawk-Eagle","Changeable Hawk-Eagle","Changeable Hawk-eagle",null,null,"northwestern India from about Chandigarh southward to Sri Lanka and eastward to Indochina, Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732090","y00839","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00839","avibase-2C0FA6E3",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/286/mode/1up","Falco cirrhatus"],["8143","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus cirrhatus limnaeetus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India from about Chandigarh eastward to Indochina, Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00F9ACEB",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/157/mode/1up","Falco Limnaëetus"],["8144","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus cirrhatus cirrhatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"India south of Rajasthan and Gangetic Plain, eastward to southern West Bengal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBDB2C00",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/286/mode/1up","Falco cirrhatus"],["8145","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus cirrhatus ceylanensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A581284",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/287/mode/1up","Falco ceylanensis"],["8146","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus cirrhatus andamanensis","(Tytler, 1865)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C46AECC8",null,null,"Port Blair, South Andaman Island.","Description of a new species of Spizaetus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130657#page/144/mode/1up","Spizaetus Andamanensis"],["8147","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Nisaetus cirrhatus vanheurni","(Junge, 1936)","Temminckia 1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E16FB1B9",null,null,"Simalur = Simeulue.","Fauan Simalurensis - Aves.",null,"Spizaëtus cirrhatus vanheurni"],["8148","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.24",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco ornatus [Daudin, 1800]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 2).",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f30.item","Spizaetus"],["8149","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus tyrannus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.357 (or p.360), note","Black Hawk-Eagle","Black Hawk-Eagle","Black Hawk-eagle",null,null,"humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico southeastward across Central America to eastern Panama, including the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama; also in the Pacific lowlands in Nayarit and Jalisco, northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in interior Colombia to the mid- to upper Cauca and Magdalena valleys, west of the Andes from southwestern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru, northern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins to northern Bolivia and southern Mato Grosso, Brazil; in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696193","blheag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blheag1","avibase-7680293A",null,null,"Rio Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/375/mode/1up","Falco tyrannus"],["8150","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus tyrannus serus","Friedmann, 1950","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 111, no.11 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Veracruz) southward through Central America to Colombia, thence east of Andes to Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas, and southward to eastern Peru, Bolivia (eastward to Santa Cruz) and northern and central Brazil; also west of Andes in western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33818E23",null,null,"Río Indio, Canal Zone, Panama.","The forms of the Black Hawk-eagle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79632#page/643/mode/1up","Spizaetus tyrannus serus"],["8151","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus tyrannus tyrannus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.357 (or p.360), note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF5A2543",null,null,"Rio Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/375/mode/1up","Falco tyrannus"],["8152","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus melanoleucus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.482","Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle","Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle","Black-and-white Hawk-eagle",null,null,"forest of southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696120","bawhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawhae1","avibase-9131A970",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/502/mode/1up","Buteo melanoleucus"],["8153","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus isidori","(des Murs, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.175","Black-and-chestnut Eagle","Black-and-chestnut Eagle","Black-and-chestnut Eagle",null,null,"coastal mountains of Venezuela to Andes of northwestern Argentina",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696207","baceag2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baceag2","avibase-D31EE719",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/183/mode/1up","Falco Isidori"],["8154","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus ornatus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.77","Ornate Hawk-Eagle","Ornate Hawk-Eagle","Ornate Hawk-eagle",null,null,"deciduous to humid lowland to foothill forest on the Gulf of Mexico slope from northeastern Mexico and isolated on the Pacific slope in Nayarit and Jalisco, southeastward across Central America to northwestern Colombia and southward in Pacific Colombia to southwestern Ecuador; also in northern Colombia and western Venezuela and southward in the foothills of the central and western Andes of Colombia to Tolima and Valle del Cauca; east of the Andes in northern, western, and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins to central Bolivia and southward in the Yungas to far northwestern Argentina; also in the Cerrado of interior Brazil from southern Maranhão, and Atlantic Forest from southern Bahia, southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696197","orheag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orheag1","avibase-EA4FB522",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/91/mode/1up","Falco ornatus"],["8155","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus ornatus vicarius","Friedmann, 1935","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 25, no.10 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of southern Mexico to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E771AEC",null,null,"Manatol (= Manatee) Lagoon, British Honduras.","A new race of the Crested Eagle-Hawk Spizaëtus ornatus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123165#page/503/mode/1up","Spizaetus ornatus vicarius"],["8156","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Spizaetus ornatus ornatus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"humid tropical northern South America to northern Argentina and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0A3007A",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/91/mode/1up","Falco ornatus"],["8157","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophotriorchis","Sharpe, 1874","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 1 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Astur kienerii [de Sparre, 1835]; type by subsequent designation (Blanford, 1895, Fauna British India, Birds, ed. 1, 3, p. 345).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34315#page/273/mode/1up","Lophotriorchis"],["8158","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophotriorchis kienerii","(de Sparre, 1835)","Magasin de Zoologie 5, cl.2 text to pl.35, p.1-2; pl.35","Rufous-bellied Eagle","Rufous-bellied Eagle","Rufous-bellied Eagle",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest of southwestern India and Sri Lanka, and from sub-Himalayan India from eastern Uttarakhand eastward through the Himalayas to Myanmar and Hainan (southeastern China), and southward to Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, western Lesser Sundas, and Philippines; short-distant migration in some populations",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696111","rubeag2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubeag2","avibase-BEB2A9A8",null,null,"Himalayas.","AUTOUR. ASTUR. Cuvier. - A. de Kiener. A. Kienerii. G. S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114196#page/29/mode/1up","Astur Kienerii"],["8159","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophotriorchis kienerii kienerii","(de Sparre, 1835)","Magasin de Zoologie 5, cl.2 text to pl.35, p.1-2; pl.35",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India from eastern Uttarakhand eastward through Assam; southwestern India (Western Ghats) and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-385D5284",null,null,"Himalayas.","AUTOUR. ASTUR. Cuvier. - A. de Kiener. A. Kienerii. G. S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114196#page/29/mode/1up","Astur Kienerii"],["8160","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophotriorchis kienerii formosus","(Stresemann, 1924)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 32 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to Indochina, Malayan Peninsula, Indonesia, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51F68A87",null,null,"northern Celebes.","Hieraaëtus kieneri formosus subsp. n. ; Accipiter minullus sassii subsp. n.'.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447528&seq=122","Hieraaetus kieneri formosus"],["8161","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Polemaetus","Heine, 1890","Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici p.270",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco bellicosus [Daudin, 1800]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104091#page/282/mode/1up","Polemaëtus"],["8162","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Polemaetus bellicosus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.38","Martial Eagle","Martial Eagle","Martial Eagle",null,null,"savanna and thornbush of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696116","mareag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mareag1","avibase-FDA2E4A3",null,null,"Great Namaqualand, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/52/mode/1up","Falco bellicosus"],["8163","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophaetus","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 3 col.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco occipitalis [Daudin, 1800]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/97/mode/1up","Lophaetus"],["8164","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophaetus occipitalis","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.40","Long-crested Eagle","Long-crested Eagle","Long-crested Eagle",null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696134","loceag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/loceag1","avibase-14B9664A",null,null,"'pays d'Auteniquoi' = Knysna district. Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/54/mode/1up","Falco occipitalis"],["8165","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Ictinaetus","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ictinaëtus ovivorus [\"Hodgson\"]; type by monotypy = Aquila pernigra Hodgson, 1836  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/164/mode/1up","Ictinaëtus"],["8166","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Ictinaetus malaiensis","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.20, vol.1 pl.117","Black Eagle","Black Eagle","Black Eagle",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, forest edge, and second-growth, from northern and southwestern India, and Sri Lanka, eastward to southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and southward to Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, and Moluccas (Indonesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696019","blaeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaeag1","avibase-28D7E7CC",null,null,"Indian Archipelago; restricted to Java by Swann, 1922, Synop. Accipitres, ed. 2, p. 115.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/305/mode/1up","Falco malayensis"],["8167","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Ictinaetus malaiensis perniger","(Hodgson, 1836)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.52 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Pakistan (Murree Hills) eastward to western and northern Myanmar, also central India, Odisha, Western Ghats, and northern and southern Eastern Ghats, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F26F4B17",null,null,"Nepal.","Summary Description of some New Species of Falconidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/275/mode/1up","Aquila Pernigra"],["8168","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Ictinaetus malaiensis malaiensis","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.20, vol.1 pl.117",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern China (southern Shaanxi southward to Yunnan and Anhui to Fujian, central Guangdong, and Hainan) and Taiwan, southward through Indochina and Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, and Moluccas; also Butung, Banggai Islands, and possibly Sula Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6CBD601",null,null,"Indian Archipelago; restricted to Java by Swann, 1922, Synop. Accipitres, ed. 2, p. 115.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/305/mode/1up","Falco malayensis"],["8169","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Clanga","Adamowicz, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.604",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco maculatus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by tautonymy = Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811  ",null,"Note nécrologique sur le Comte Constantin Tyzenhauz","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/612/mode/1up","Clanga"],["8170","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Clanga hastata","(Lesson, 1831)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.3 p.217","Indian Spotted Eagle","Indian Spotted Eagle","Indian Spotted Eagle",null,null,"India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729779","inseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inseag1","avibase-3A985C9F",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA217","Morphnus hastatus"],["8171","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Clanga clanga","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.351","Greater Spotted Eagle","Greater Spotted Eagle","Greater Spotted Eagle",null,null,"breeds central Eurasia and southern Asia; winters to Africa, China, and Indochina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696027","grseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grseag1","avibase-BAC4CA22",null,null,"Russia and Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/383/mode/1up","Aquila Clanga"],["8172","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Clanga pomarina","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.27","Lesser Spotted Eagle","Lesser Spotted Eagle","Lesser Spotted Eagle",null,null,"breeds locally in eastern Europe to Caspian lowlands; winters to southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696022","leseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leseag1","avibase-C2565B65",null,null,"Pomerania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/59/mode/1up","Aquila Pomarina"],["8173","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hieraaetus","Kaup, 1844","Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel p.120",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco pennatus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Hieraaetus"],["8174","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hieraaetus wahlbergi","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109","Wahlberg's Eagle","Wahlberg's Eagle","Wahlberg's Eagle",null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696072","waheag3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/waheag3","avibase-535F3C99",null,null,"'in Caffraria superiori, prope 25° lat.' Type from Mohapvani, Botswana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Aquila Wahlbergi"],["8175","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hieraaetus ayresii","(Gurney, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.14 p.149 pl.4","Ayres's Hawk-Eagle","Ayres's Hawk-Eagle","Ayres's Hawk-eagle",null,null,"woodland and savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696103","ayheag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ayheag1","avibase-7DF00403",null,null,"Natal.","A Fourth additional List of Birds received from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/181/mode/1up","Spizaëtus ayresii"],["8176","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hieraaetus weiskei","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.185","Pygmy Eagle","Pygmy Eagle","Pygmy Eagle",null,null,"Moluccas eastward through New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734094","liteag3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liteag3","avibase-BB8B4113",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains, New Guinea; altitude 3,000 feet.","Neue Arten vom südöstlichen Neuguinea und Nordqueensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/203/mode/1up","Eutolmaetus weiskei"],["8177","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hieraaetus pennatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.272","Booted Eagle","Booted Eagle","Booted Eagle",null,null,"breeds southern Palearctic and sub-Saharan Africa; winters to India and Sri Lanka, and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696092","booeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/booeag1","avibase-4B8CC285",null,null,"No type locality given.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/284/mode/1up","Falco pennatus"],["8178","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Hieraaetus morphnoides","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.161","Little Eagle","Little Eagle","Little Eagle",null,null,"open woodland and savanna of Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734332","liteag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liteag1","avibase-1117758C",null,null,"Yarrundi, Upper Hunter River, New South Wales.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/887/mode/1up","Aquila morphnoïdes"],["8179","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.28,419",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco chrysaetos [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Falco chrysaetos Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/70/mode/1up","Aquila"],["8180","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila nipalensis","Hodgson, 1833","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 18, pt.2 p.13 pl.1","Steppe Eagle","Steppe Eagle","Steppe Eagle",null,null,"lowland to montane open habitats, including steppe, grassland, and wooded savanna, from southwestern Russia and Kazakhstan eastward to Mongolia and northeastern China, and southward to Tibetan Plateau; migrates southward to winter in Middle East, Arabian Peninsula, eastern and southern Africa, and southeastern China",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696038","steeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/steeag1","avibase-A635F565",null,null,"Nepal.","On a species of Aquila, Circaetus and Dicrurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137991#page/345/mode/1up","Aquila nipalensis"],["8181","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila nipalensis orientalis","Cabanis, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.10 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Eurasia; winters to Middle East and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAB95EB1",null,null,"Sarepta, southeastern Russia.","Ornithologisches von der Wolga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1005/mode/1up","Aquila orientalis"],["8182","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila nipalensis nipalensis","Hodgson, 1833","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 18, pt.2 p.13 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Altai Mountains to Tibet and northeastern China; winters India to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB225AA2",null,null,"Nepal.","On a species of Aquila, Circaetus and Dicrurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137991#page/345/mode/1up","Aquila nipalensis"],["8183","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila rapax","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.77, vol.1 pl.455","Tawny Eagle","Tawny Eagle","Tawny Eagle",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane savanna, open woodland, semi-desert, and arid steppe, of Morocco and Algeria, and in southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and in sub-Saharan Africa (avoiding rainforest), and from southeastern Iran eastward to India and southern Nepal; some post-breeding wandering",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696033","taweag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taweag1","avibase-F6D547B2",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/293/mode/1up","Falco rapax"],["8184","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila rapax vindhiana","Franklin, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iran, Pakistan, much of India, and southern Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6315D2AA",null,null,"Vindhya Hills, India.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/128/mode/1up","Aquila Vindhiana"],["8185","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila rapax belisarius","(Levaillant, 1850)","Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. Atlas Hist.Nat.Ois. Atlas pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco and Algeria; southern Arabia and western Africa to northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCE6241B",null,null,"No type locality = Guelma, northeast Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175182#page/471/mode/1up","Falco Belisarius"],["8186","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila rapax rapax","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.77, vol.1 pl.455",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya and Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola, Namibia, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADA7B229",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/293/mode/1up","Falco rapax"],["8187","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila heliaca","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.82 pl.12","Eastern Imperial Eagle","Eastern Imperial Eagle","Eastern Imperial Eagle",null,null,"breeds central Europe to Mongolia; winters to Africa, northern plains of India, and China",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696048","impeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/impeag1","avibase-469DCF57",null,null,"Upper Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/94/mode/1up","Aquila heliaca"],["8188","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila adalberti","Brehm, 1861","Bericht über die XIII. Versammlung der Deutschen Ornithologen-Gesellschaft zu Stuttgart, vom 17. bis 20. September 1860 (1860) p.60","Spanish Imperial Eagle","Spanish Imperial Eagle","Spanish Imperial Eagle",null,null,"locally in Iberian Peninsula; formerly Morocco",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696042","spaeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spaeag1","avibase-69742EE4",null,null,"Spain.",null,null,"Aquila Adalberti"],["8189","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila africana","(Cassin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.4","Cassin's Hawk-Eagle","Cassin's Hawk-Eagle","Cassin's Hawk-eagle",null,null,"humid forest of western and central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696138","cashae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cashae1","avibase-51FD3E3C",null,null,"Ogabi River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/12/mode/1up","Limnaetus africanus"],["8190","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila gurneyi","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.342 pl.169","Gurney's Eagle","Gurney's Eagle","Gurney's Eagle",null,null,"Moluccas to New Guinea, including Raja Ampat and Aru islands, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696056","gureag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gureag1","avibase-22A50A54",null,null,"Batjan, Moluccas.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/440/mode/1up","Aquila (Heteropus?) gurneyi"],["8191","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila audax","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.ii","Wedge-tailed Eagle","Wedge-tailed Eagle","Wedge-tailed Eagle",null,null,"south-central New Guinea, and Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696064","weteag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weteag1","avibase-5E574D70",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/8/mode/1up","Vultur audax"],["8192","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila audax audax","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.ii",null,null,null,null,null,"plains, desert, and open woodland of southern New Guinea and Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AAAEA27",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/8/mode/1up","Vultur audax"],["8193","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila audax fleayi","Condon & Amadon, 1954","Records of the South Australian Museum 11 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BACC22F9",null,null,"Great Lake, Tasmania.","Taxonomic notes on Australian Hawks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127056#page/265/mode/1up","Aquila audax fleayi"],["8194","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila chrysaetos","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.88","Golden Eagle","Golden Eagle","Golden Eagle",null,null,"coastal deserts, highland shrub-steppe, coniferous forest, tundra, riparian woodland, and open areas from Scandinavia, northern British Isles, western Russia, and southern Europe southward to central Mauritania, northeastern Mali, northern Niger, the Arabian Peninsula and central Ethiopia, and eastward across Russia, Türkiye, the Caucasus, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Himalayas to eastern China, the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and Alaska, northwestern and northeastern Canada southward across western US to northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696060","goleag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goleag","avibase-5F8E7CA8",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/105/mode/1up","Falco Chrysaëtos"],["8195","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Western Palearctic to Siberia and Altai Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E709C7D7",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/105/mode/1up","Falco Chrysaëtos"],["8196","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila chrysaetos kamtschatica","Severtsov, 1888","Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberia and Altai Mountains to Kamchatka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1530917C",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37291#page/300/mode/1up","Aquila fulva kamtschatica"],["8197","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila chrysaetos japonica","Severtsov, 1888","Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Korean Peninsula and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6B0C5FB",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37291#page/302/mode/1up","Aquila fulva japonica"],["8198","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila chrysaetos daphanea","Severtsov, 1888","Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"montane areas of central Asia, from the Pamir Mountains to central China and southward to the Himalayas, from northern Pakistan eastward to Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB0572E7",null,null,"Russian Turkistan, Transbaicalia, etc.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37291#page/310/mode/1up","Aquila daphanea"],["8199","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri","Severtsov, 1888","Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula; northwestern Africa to Arabia and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACB072FC",null,null,"Balearic Islands and Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37291#page/304/mode/1up","Aquila fulva Homeyeri"],["8200","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila chrysaetos canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska to west-central Mexico and coastal northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-029EB6AB",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/105/mode/1up","Falco canadensis"],["8201","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila verreauxii","Lesson, 1831","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.105 pl.38","Verreaux's Eagle","Verreaux's Eagle","Verreaux's Eagle",null,null,"locally in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696067","vereag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vereag1","avibase-14F13C32",null,null,"Interior of the Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/183/mode/1up","Aquila Verreauxii"],["8202","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila spilogaster","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, no.2 p.487","African Hawk-Eagle","African Hawk-Eagle","African Hawk-eagle",null,null,"woodland and savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696084","afrhae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrhae1","avibase-9A418C45",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Revue générale de la classe des Oiseaux. Première partie. Perroquets et Oiseaux de proie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/507/mode/1up","Spizaëtus spilogaster"],["8203","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila fasciata","Vieillot, 1822","Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 2 pt2 p.152","Bonelli's Eagle","Bonelli's Eagle","Bonelli's Eagle",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane broken terrain with crags and cliffs, brushy slopes, and wooded grassland, from northwestern Africa and Iberia eastward through the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Arabian Peninsula, to India and southeastern China, and in the Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa to Timor and associated islands); some post-breeding dispersion southward to Senegal and Djibouti",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696076","boneag2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boneag2","avibase-05F11441",null,null,"Montpellier, France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159028#page/307/mode/1up","Aquila fasciata"],["8204","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila fasciata fasciata","Vieillot, 1822","Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 2 pt2 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean basin to India, southern China, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-548DE18B",null,null,"Montpellier, France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159028#page/307/mode/1up","Aquila fasciata"],["8205","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aquila fasciata renschi","(Stresemann, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D3F71E5",null,null,"Sumbawa.","Ein neuer Habichtsadler aus Sumbawa : Hieraaëtus fasciatus renschi subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0078-0080.pdf","Hieraaetus fasciatus renschi"],["8206","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpyopsis","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.682",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Harpyopsis novaeguineae [Salvadori, 1875]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/688/mode/1up","Harpyopsis"],["8207","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpyopsis novaeguineae","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.682","Papuan Eagle","New Guinea Eagle","Papuan Eagle",null,null,"forest of New Guinea",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696007","negeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/negeag1","avibase-1076B5CE",null,null,"Andai, Arfak Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/688/mode/1up","Harpyopsis novae-guineae"],["8208","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Macheiramphus","Bonaparte, 1850","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Macheiramphus alcinus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/502/mode/1up","Macheiramphus"],["8209","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Macheiramphus alcinus","Bonaparte, 1850","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.482","Bat Hawk","Bat Hawk","Bat Hawk",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane forest and dense woodland, often associated with limestone and caves, also savanna and plantations, in sub-Saharan Africa from Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia and Somalia, and southward to Namibia and northern South Africa, and northeastern Madagascar, and from southern Myanmar and Malayan Peninsula eastward to southern New Guinea; post-breeding migrants reach northeastern Africa and southern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695021","bathaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bathaw1","avibase-DAE4C523",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/502/mode/1up","Macheiramphus alcinus"],["8210","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Macheiramphus alcinus anderssoni","(Gurney, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.618",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF42E2BC",null,null,"Otjimbinque, Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/712/mode/1up","Stringonyx anderssoni"],["8211","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Macheiramphus alcinus alcinus","Bonaparte, 1850","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA0F17E2",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/502/mode/1up","Macheiramphus alcinus"],["8212","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Macheiramphus alcinus papuanus","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1091 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DE33B93",null,null,"Kumusi River, New Guinea.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 43, Notes on New Guinea birds. 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3778/","Machaerhamphus alcinus papuanus"],["8213","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpia","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.24",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Vultur harpyja [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f30.item","Harpia"],["8214","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpia harpyja","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.86","Harpy Eagle","Harpy Eagle","Harpy Eagle",null,null,"forest of Central America to northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695998","hareag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hareag1","avibase-4D324C9C",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/101/mode/1up","Vultur Harpyja"],["8215","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Morphnus","Dumont, 1816","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 1 Suppl. p.88",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco guianensis [Daudin, 1800]; type by subsequent designation (Chubb, 1916, Birds Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 252).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64177#page/716/mode/1up","Morphnus"],["8216","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Morphnus guianensis","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.78","Crested Eagle","Crested Eagle","Crested Eagle",null,null,"forest of eastern Guatemala to northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695991","creeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creeag1","avibase-E19434C9",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/92/mode/1up","Falco guianensis"],["8217","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza","Kaup, 1844","Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel p.118",null,null,null,"2025-1201","Widespread non-monophyly in the genus <em>Accipiter </em>(Lerner &amp; Mindell 2005; Mindell et al. 2018) is resolved by the recognition of five genera following Catanach et al. (2024): polytypic <em>Accipiter (A. poliogaster, A. ovampensis, A. madagascariensis, A. nisus, A. rufiventris</em>, and <em>A. striatus</em>); polytypic <em>Astur (A. bicolor, A. chilensis, A. cooperii, A. gundlachi, A. gentilis, A. atricapillus, A. meyerianus, A. melanoleucus</em>, and <em>A. henstii</em>); polytypic <em>Aerospiza </em>(<em>A. tachiro</em> and <em>A. castanilius</em>); polytypic <em>Lophospiza</em> (<em>L. trivirgata</em> and <em>L. griseiceps</em>); and polytypic <em>Tachyspiza</em> (with all remaining species).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco trivirgatus [Temminck, 1824]",null,null,null,"Lophospiza"],["8218","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza griseiceps","(Kaup, 1848)","Isis von Oken 41, heft 10 col.774","Sulawesi Goshawk","Sulawesi Goshawk","Sulawesi Goshawk",null,null,"Sulawesi, Muna, Buton, and Togian islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695465","sulgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulgos1","avibase-4C2DBB2A",null,null,"Atep and Gorontalo, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47602#page/428/mode/1up","Astur griseiceps"],["8219","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.51, vol.1 pl.303","Crested Goshawk","Crested Goshawk","Crested Goshawk",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest and open woodland from India, and Sri Lanka, and Nepal eastward through the Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Philippines and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695462","cregos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cregos1","avibase-0D4EE0EB",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/553/mode/1up","Falco trivirgatus"],["8220","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata indica","(Hodgson, 1836)","The Bengal Sporting Magazine 8 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"India and Nepal to southern China, Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41DFD92B",null,null,"Nepal.",null,null,"Astur indicus"],["8221","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata formosae","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1415 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A491A80",null,null,"Tapposha, Taiwan.","Geographical variation in Accipiter trivirgatus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4288/","Accipiter trivirgatus formosae"],["8222","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata peninsulae","(Koelz, 1949)","The Auk 66, no.1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-287FA246",null,null,"Londa, Bombay district.","A new hawk from India.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol66/iss1/31/","Accipiter trivirgatus peninsulae"],["8223","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata layardi","(Whistler, 1936)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91BB96EE",null,null,"Ceylon.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part XIII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183345#page/68/mode/1up","Astur trivirgatus layardi"],["8224","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata trivirgata","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.51, vol.1 pl.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-343194A7",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/553/mode/1up","Falco trivirgatus"],["8225","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata niasensis","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1415 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F1AB258",null,null,"Nias.","Geographical variation in Accipiter trivirgatus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4288/","Accipiter trivirgatus niasensis"],["8226","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata javanica","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1415 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2572088D",null,null,"Tjibodas, western Java.","Geographical variation in Accipiter trivirgatus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4288/","Accipiter trivirgatus javanicus"],["8227","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata microsticta","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1415 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EAAC5FF",null,null,"Riam, southwestern Borneo.","Geographical variation in Accipiter trivirgatus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4288/","Accipiter trivirgatus microstictus"],["8228","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata palawana","(Mayr, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1415 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan and Calamianes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7286D602",null,null,"Taguso, Palawan.","Geographical variation in Accipiter trivirgatus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4288/","Accipiter trivirgatus palawanus"],["8229","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata castroi","(Manuel & Gilliard, 1952)","American Museum Novitates no.1545 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Polillo (off Luzon in northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83A443C0",null,null,"Philippine National Museum No. 0-2551; adult male; Anibawan, Polillo, Philippine Islands; December 2, 1948; A. P. Castro and P. Anonuevo.","Undescribed and newly recorded Philippine birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4247/","Accipiter trivirgatus castroi"],["8230","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Lophospiza trivirgata extima","(Mayr, 1945)","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 30 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F188508",null,null,"Davao, Mindanao.","Notes on the taxonomy of the birds of the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215764#page/148/mode/1up","Accipiter trivirgatus extimus"],["8231","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Micronisus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco gabar [Daudin, 1800]; type by original designation = Falco gabar Daudin, 1800",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/19/mode/1up","Micronisus"],["8232","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Micronisus gabar","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.87","Gabar Goshawk","Gabar Goshawk","Gabar Goshawk",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to submontane open woodland, acacia thornscrub, semiarid steppe along watercourses, and miombo and juniper woodland, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward (avoiding rainforest) to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695445","gabgos2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabgos2","avibase-922DE9C1",null,null,"interior of South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/101/mode/1up","Falco gabar"],["8233","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Micronisus gabar niger","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1269",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Sudan, northern Ethiopia, and southwestern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98B9170B",null,null,"Sénégal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/377/mode/1up","Sparvius Niger"],["8234","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Micronisus gabar aequatorius","Clancey, 1987","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 107 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-635CC7D6",null,null,"Cole’s Farm, Lake Elmenteita, Rift Valley, Kenya. 23 March 1958. Collected by P. A. Clancey","Subspeciation in the Afrotropical Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/214/mode/1up","Micronisus gabar aequatorius"],["8235","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Micronisus gabar gabar","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Zambia, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF23E605",null,null,"interior of South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/101/mode/1up","Falco gabar"],["8236","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Urotriorchis","Sharpe, 1874","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Astur macrourus [Hartlaub, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34315#page/101/mode/1up","Urotriorchis"],["8237","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Urotriorchis macrourus","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.353","Long-tailed Hawk","Long-tailed Hawk","Long-tailed Hawk",null,null,"Liberia to western Uganda and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695710","lothaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lothaw1","avibase-1C209762",null,null,"Dabocrom, Gold Coast.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/365/mode/1up","Astur macrourus"],["8238","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco musicus [Daudin, 1800]; type by original designation = Falco canorus Thunberg, 1799  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/19/mode/1up","Melierax"],["8239","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax metabates","Heuglin, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.9 p.72","Dark Chanting Goshawk","Dark Chanting-Goshawk","Dark Chanting-goshawk",null,null,"lowland to submontane open woodland, wooded savanna, thornscrub, and palm groves, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward (avoiding forest) through western Kenya and north-central Tanzania, and from Angola eastward to southern Tanzania, thence southward to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa; disjunctly in southwestern Morocco, where perhaps extinct",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695425","dacgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dacgos1","avibase-D2AFD39B",null,null,"White Nile between lat. 6° N. and 7° N.","On new or little-known Birds of North-Eastern Africa. (Part II.) [Continued from vol. ii. p. 414.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/100/mode/1up","Melierax metabates"],["8240","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax metabates theresae","Meinertzhagen, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Morocco (critically endangered, if not extinct)","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-B04E03B8",null,null,"Auliouz, Sous Valley, Morocco.","New Species and Races from Morocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/93/mode/1up","Melierax metabates theresae"],["8241","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax metabates ignoscens","Friedmann, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08740D8A",null,null,"Shekh Othman, Aden Protectorate, Arabia.","Notes on Melierax with description of a new form.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/140/mode/1up","Melierax metabates ignoscens"],["8242","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax metabates metabates","Heuglin, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.9 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Mali eastward to northern Sudan and Ethiopia, and southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59BDFE23",null,null,"White Nile between lat. 6° N. and 7° N.","On new or little-known Birds of North-Eastern Africa. (Part II.) [Continued from vol. ii. p. 414.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/100/mode/1up","Melierax metabates"],["8243","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax metabates mechowi","Cabanis, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to Angola, southern Tanzania southward to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8768B01C",null,null,"Angola: type from Melandje.","[Über die Sammlungen des Afrikareisenden Major v. Mechow].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/241/mode/1up","Melierax Mechowi"],["8244","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax poliopterus","Cabanis, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413","Eastern Chanting Goshawk","Eastern Chanting-Goshawk","Eastern Chanting-goshawk",null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia and Somalia to eastern Uganda and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695431","eacgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eacgos1","avibase-FA3A1F20",null,null,"Umba River, Kenya.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Melierax poliopterus"],["8245","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax canorus","(Thunberg, 1799)","Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 15 p.33","Pale Chanting Goshawk","Pale Chanting-Goshawk","Pale Chanting-goshawk",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid thorn savanna, dry steppe, and lightly wooded desert, from southwestern Angola and Namibia eastward to central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695438","pacgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacgos1","avibase-389FFA09",null,null,"South Africa.","Dissertatio de Falcone Canoro","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113780#page/47/mode/1up","Falco canorus"],["8246","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax canorus argentior","Clancey, 1960","Durban Museum Novitates 6, no.2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Zimbabwe and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7834FC4",null,null,"Sukses, Okahandja-Otjiwarongo Road, Damaraland, South West Africa.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 15. 2. Geographical variation in the Chanting Goshawk Meliërax musicus (Daudin).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1975","Melierax musicus argentior"],["8247","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Melierax canorus canorus","(Thunberg, 1799)","Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 15 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08179726",null,null,"South Africa.","Dissertatio de Falcone Canoro","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113780#page/47/mode/1up","Falco canorus"],["8248","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Kaupifalco","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.533",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco monogrammicus [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,"Tableaux des oiseaux de proie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/543/mode/1up","Kaupifalco"],["8249","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Kaupifalco monogrammicus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.53, vol.1 pl.314","Lizard Buzzard","Lizard Buzzard","Lizard Buzzard",null,null,"lowland and foothill open woodland, riverine forest, and palm groves, from Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia, Kenya, and southern Somalia, and southward to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695421","lizbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lizbuz1","avibase-3EEB66ED",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/461/mode/1up","Falco monogrammicus"],["8250","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Kaupifalco monogrammicus monogrammicus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.53, vol.1 pl.314",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1D83FE8",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/461/mode/1up","Falco monogrammicus"],["8251","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Kaupifalco monogrammicus meridionalis","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya to Angola, northern Namibia, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BE00C5C",null,null,"Ambriz, Angola.","On some Birds collected in Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/153/mode/1up","Micronisus monogrammicus var. Merid."],["8252","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.208.",null,null,null,"2025-1201","Widespread non-monophyly in the genus <em>Accipiter </em>(Lerner &amp; Mindell 2005; Mindell et al. 2018) is resolved by the recognition of five genera following Catanach et al. (2024): polytypic <em>Accipiter (A. poliogaster, A. ovampensis, A. madagascariensis, A. nisus, A. rufiventris</em>, and <em>A. striatus</em>); polytypic <em>Astur (A. bicolor, A. chilensis, A. cooperii, A. gundlachi, A. gentilis, A. atricapillus, A. meyerianus, A. melanoleucus</em>, and <em>A. henstii</em>); polytypic <em>Aerospiza </em>(<em>A. tachiro</em> and <em>A. castanilius</em>); polytypic <em>Lophospiza</em> (<em>L. trivirgata</em> and <em>L. griseiceps</em>); and polytypic <em>Tachyspiza</em> (with all remaining species).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco tachiro [Daudin]; type by original designation",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/290/mode/1up","Aerospiza"],["8253","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza castanilius","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.578","Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk","Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk","Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk",null,null,"Nigeria to the Congo River basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695486","chfspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chfspa1","avibase-9D80E72A",null,null,"South America; error, Gabon, fide Gurney, 1875, Ibis, p. 363.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853 par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Première communication : Perroquets et Rapaces.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/624/mode/1up","Accipiter castanilius"],["8254","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza castanilius castanilius","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.578",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Gabon and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1E6819C",null,null,"South America; error, Gabon, fide Gurney, 1875, Ibis, p. 363.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853 par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Première communication : Perroquets et Rapaces.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/624/mode/1up","Accipiter castanilius"],["8255","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza castanilius beniensis","(Lönnberg, 1917)","Arkiv för Zoologi 10 no.24 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46B5A898",null,null,"Beni, eastern Congo.","Birds collected in eastern Congo by Captain Elias Arrhenius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30162#page/609/mode/1up","Accipiter beniensis"],["8256","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.90","African Goshawk","African Goshawk",null,"2025-0365","Taxon <em>toussenelii </em>(polytypic) is placed in <em>Accipiter tachiro</em> (polytypic), based on vocal and behavioral similarities (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1991, 1993). Recognition of a broader <em>A. tachiro</em> is supported by available mitochondrial DNA data (Breman et al. 2013; Jordaens et al. 2015).","widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to submontane rainforest, riverine woodland, farmbush, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward through Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward through Angola, Tanzania, and Pemba (in Zanzibar) to southern Africa (avoiding Namib and Kalahari deserts)",null,null,null,"afrgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrgos1","avibase-35A1472C",null,null,"'pays d'Auteniquoi' = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/104/mode/1up","Falco tachiro"],["8257","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro macroscelides","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.16 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Senegambia to western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72E67CB3",null,null,"Río Bontry [=Butre], Ghana.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/366/mode/1up","Astur macrocelides"],["8258","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro lopezi","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDBFF029",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po.","A genus and four new species of birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/421/mode/1up","Astur lopezi"],["8259","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro toussenelii","(Verreaux, Verreaux & des Murs, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Congo River basin (southern Cameroon to Gabon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E2CED90",null,null,"Gaboon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/113/mode/1up","Nisus Toussenelii"],["8260","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro canescens","(Chapin, 1921)","American Museum Novitates no.7 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"upper Congo River basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE552676",null,null,"Medje, northern Ituri district, Zaire.","Description of four new birds from the Belgian Congo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4550/","Astur toussenellii canescens"],["8261","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro unduliventer","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.40 pl.18 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F68326",null,null,"Simien, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/120/mode/1up","Falco (Astur) unduliventer"],["8262","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro sparsimfasciata","(Reichenow, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33DBF5CC",null,null,"Zanzibar.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/113/mode/1up","Astur sparsimfasciatus"],["8263","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro pembaensis","(Benson & Elliott, 1975)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 95 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Pemba Island (off Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-747AF70E",null,null,"Pemba Island.","The Pemba Island race of the African Goshawk Accipiter tachiro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/514/mode/1up","Accipiter tachiro pembaensis"],["8264","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Aerospiza tachiro tachiro","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Mozambique and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC6BDFE8",null,null,"'pays d'Auteniquoi' = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/104/mode/1up","Falco tachiro"],["8265","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza","Kaup, 1844","Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel p.116",null,null,null,"2025-1201","Widespread non-monophyly in the genus <em>Accipiter </em>(Lerner &amp; Mindell 2005; Mindell et al. 2018) is resolved by the recognition of five genera following Catanach et al. (2024): polytypic <em>Accipiter (A. poliogaster, A. ovampensis, A. madagascariensis, A. nisus, A. rufiventris</em>, and <em>A. striatus</em>); polytypic <em>Astur (A. bicolor, A. chilensis, A. cooperii, A. gundlachi, A. gentilis, A. atricapillus, A. meyerianus, A. melanoleucus</em>, and <em>A. henstii</em>); polytypic <em>Aerospiza </em>(<em>A. tachiro</em> and <em>A. castanilius</em>); polytypic <em>Lophospiza</em> (<em>L. trivirgata</em> and <em>L. griseiceps</em>); and polytypic <em>Tachyspiza</em> (with all remaining species).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco Soloënsis [Horsfield, 1821]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Tachyspiza"],["8266","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza erythropus","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.354","Red-thighed Sparrowhawk","Red-thighed Sparrowhawk","Red-legged Sparrowhawk",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, adjacent secondary forest, and wooded savanna, from Senegambia eastward to far western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695576","retspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retspa1","avibase-AFD19C47",null,null,"Río Bontry, Gold Coast [=Butre, Ghana], ","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/366/mode/1up","Nisus erythropus"],["8267","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza erythropus erythropus","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E3D4BFA",null,null,"Río Bontry, Gold Coast [=Butre, Ghana], ","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/366/mode/1up","Nisus erythropus"],["8268","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza erythropus zenkeri","(Reichenow, 1894)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 2 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to western Uganda, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4BC673C",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroon.","Neue Arten aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35476#page/141/mode/1up","Accipiter zenkeri"],["8269","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza minulla","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.88","Little Sparrowhawk","Little Sparrowhawk","Little Sparrowhawk",null,null,"forest and thornscrub of eastern and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695581","litspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litspa1","avibase-CE1CF6FD",null,null,"Gamtoos River, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/102/mode/1up","Falco minullus"],["8270","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza minulla tropicalis","(Reichenow, 1898)","Journal für Ornithologie 46, no.1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia coastally southward to eastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BE72E4F",null,null,"East Africa.","[Accipiter minullus tropicalis n. subsp.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104359#page/151/mode/1up","Accipiter minullus tropicalis"],["8271","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza minulla minulla","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia southward to Angola and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92818C9C",null,null,"Gamtoos River, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/102/mode/1up","Falco minullus"],["8272","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.19, vol.1 pl.109","Besra","Besra","Besra",null,null,"lowland to montane primary and secondary forest, plantations, and mangroves, in Himalayas from Kashmir eastward, Western and Eastern ghats (Peninsular India), Sri Lanka, and Andaman Islands, eastward to southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and southward to Philippines, Greater Sundas, and Flores (Lesser Sundas, Indonesia); downslope movement in winter by higher-elevation populations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695588","besra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/besra1","avibase-A59A2D4D",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/557/mode/1up","Falco virgatus"],["8273","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata affinis","(Hodgson, 1836)","The Bengal Sporting Magazine 8 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Kashmir eastward to mountains of central China and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13864FE2",null,null,"terai of Nepal.",null,null,"Accipiter affinis"],["8274","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata fuscipectus","(Mees, 1970)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 44, no.20 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-685FBB91",null,null,"Wanta, Taiwan.","Notes on some birds from the island of Formosa (Taiwan).","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149929","Accipiter virgatus fuscipectus"],["8275","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata besra","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.24 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3478B97",null,null,"Soonda Jungles, southern India.","Catalogue of the Birds of the Peninsula of India, arranged according to the modern system of Classification ; with brief Notes on their Habits and Geographical distribution, and description of new, doubtful and imperfectly described Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/98/mode/1up","Accipiter Besra"],["8276","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata vanbemmeli","(Voous, 1950)","Amsterdam Naturalist 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFDD1F3C",null,null,"Berastagi, Van Heutsz Mountains, northeastern Sumatra.","Geographical variation in the Lesser Sparrow Hawks from Indonesia (Accipiter virgatus).",null,"Accipiter virgatus vanbemmeli"],["8277","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata rufotibialis","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4A81306",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/491/mode/1up","Accipiter rufotibialis"],["8278","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata virgata","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.19, vol.1 pl.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62B29EA1",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/557/mode/1up","Falco virgatus"],["8279","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata quinquefasciata","(Mees, 1984)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 58 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42B23FE1",null,null,"mountain forest above Ruteng, Flores, ca. 1500 m","A new subspecies of Accipiter virgatus (Temminck) from Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia (Aves: Accipitridae).","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150139","Accipiter virgatus quinquefasciatus"],["8280","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata abdulalii","(Mees, 1981)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77[\"1980\"] p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCEAF072",null,null,"Middle Andaman and South Andaman [=Middle and South Andaman Islands.]","The sparrow-hawks (Accipiter) of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156167#page/433/mode/1up","Accipiter virgatus abdulalii"],["8281","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata confusa","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16138871",null,null,"Laguna de Bai, Luzon.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/229/mode/1up","Accipiter virgatus confusus"],["8282","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza virgata quagga","(Parkes, 1973)","Nemouria no.11 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Siquijor, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96F9C18D",null,null,"Mt. Katanglad, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao; altitude 5,000-5,500 feet.","Annotated list of the birds of Leyte Island, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/23/mode/1up","Accipiter virgatus quagga"],["8283","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza nanus","(Blasius, 1897)","Braunschweig im Jahre MDCCCXCVII: Festschrift den Theilnehmern an der LXIX Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte gewidmet von der Stadt Braunschweig p.292","Dwarf Sparrowhawk","Small Sparrowhawk","Dwarf Sparrowhawk",null,null,"montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695591","smaspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smaspa1","avibase-7F1573CA",null,null,"Rurukan, Celebes.",null,null,"Erythrospizias trinotatus nanus"],["8284","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza erythrauchen","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.344","Rufous-necked Sparrowhawk","Rufous-necked Sparrowhawk","Rufous-necked Sparrowhawk",null,null,"northern and central Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695596","runspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runspa1","avibase-950C5048",null,null,"Gilolo = Halmahera.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/442/mode/1up","Accipiter erythrauchen"],["8285","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza erythrauchen erythrauchen","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Bacan, and Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65A13D64",null,null,"Gilolo = Halmahera.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/442/mode/1up","Accipiter erythrauchen"],["8286","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza erythrauchen ceramensis","(Schlegel, 1862)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.1 no.4 Astures p.23,24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru, Ambon, and Seram)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CDA4B9C",null,null,"Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/173/mode/1up","Nisus cirrhocephalus ceramensis"],["8287","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza cirrocephala","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.329","Collared Sparrowhawk","Collared Sparrowhawk","Collared Sparrowhawk","2025-0364","Taxon <em>rosseliana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Tachyspiza fasciata</em> based on juvenile plumage and structure, following Schodde (2015).","New Guinea and Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219590066","colspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colspa1","avibase-EFCC56CD",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 246.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/348/mode/1up","Sparvius cirrocephalus"],["8288","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza cirrocephala papuana","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.3 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-123CA123",null,null,"Utakwa River, New Guinea.","List of the collections of birds made by Albert S. Meek in the lower ranges of the Snow mountains, on the Eilanden River, and on Mount Goliath during the years 1910 and 1911.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/506/mode/1up","Astur cirrhocephalus papuanus"],["8289","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza cirrocephala cirrocephala","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02C6FCDB",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 246.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/348/mode/1up","Sparvius cirrocephalus"],["8290","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza brachyura","(Ramsay, 1880)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.4, pt.4 p.465","New Britain Sparrowhawk","New Britain Sparrowhawk","New Britain Sparrowhawk",null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695605","nebspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebspa1","avibase-68BF920B",null,null,"'Thirty miles inland' = New Britain.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Part VI. On some new and rare Birds, from South East Coast of New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30154#page/529/mode/1up","Astur brachyurus"],["8291","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza rhodogaster","(Schlegel, 1862)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.1 Astures no.4 p.32,33","Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk","Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk","Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi) and Muna and Buton islands (to southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695610","vibspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vibspa1","avibase-C638D858",null,null,"Gorontalo, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/166/mode/1up","Nisus virgatus rhodogaster"],["8292","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza rhodogaster rhodogaster","(Schlegel, 1862)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.1 Astures no.4 p.32,33",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B1EB8CE",null,null,"Gorontalo, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/166/mode/1up","Nisus virgatus rhodogaster"],["8293","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza rhodogaster butonensis","(Voous, 1951)","Treubia 21 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Muna and Buton islands (off Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40439695",null,null,"Buton = Butung Island.","On the birds of the islands of Muna and Buton, S. E. Celebes.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v21i1.2644","Accipiter rhodogaster butonensis"],["8294","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza rhodogaster sulaensis","(Schlegel, 1866)","De vogels van Nederlandsch Indië 3 p.26,64 pl.16 fig.3,4",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D94B4F7E",null,null,"Sula Besi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50394#page/150/mode/1up","Nisus sulaënsis"],["8295","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza gularis","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.5, pl.2","Japanese Sparrowhawk","Japanese Sparrowhawk","Japanese Sparrowhawk",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, forest, riparian woodland, and wooded residential areas, from southern Russia and Mongolia eastward to Sakhalin Island, and southward to Korean Peninsula, and Japan including Ryukyu Islands; migrates southward in winter to southeastern Asia, Philippines, and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695585","japspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japspa1","avibase-1E49FE52",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/15/mode/1up","Astur (Nisus) gularis"],["8296","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza gularis sibirica","(Stepanyan, 1959)","Ornitologiya 2 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Mongolia to eastern China; winters to India and Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-743B619F",null,null,"Khrasnoyarsk district, Siberia.","Zametki po sistematike nekotorikh ptits Palearktiki.",null,"Accipiter gularis sibiricus"],["8297","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza gularis gularis","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.5, pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and Japan (Hokkaido to Yakushima at least); winters to Philippines and Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1980A96",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/15/mode/1up","Astur (Nisus) gularis"],["8298","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza gularis iwasakii","(Mishima, 1962)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 17, no.79-80 p.219,221",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ryukyu Islands (Yonaguni, Iriomote, and Ishigaki, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6212B899",null,null,"Iriomote and Ishigaki, Ryukyu Islands.","A new race of Accipiter virgatus and validity of the race pullus of the Common Noddy for Riu Kiu Is.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.17.219","Accipiter gularis iwasakii"],["8299","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza badia","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.280","Shikra","Shikra","Shikra",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane woodland, savanna, steppe, and plantations, in sub-Saharan Africa from Senegambia eastward to Somalia, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward (avoiding rainforest) to Namibia and northern South Africa, and in Asia from Armenia, northern Iran, and Kazakhstan eastward through sub-Himalayan India and Sri Lanka, to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Thailand and Vietnam; some populations migrate to Middle East and Sumatra in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695490","shikra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shikra1","avibase-1A0ECB6E",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/292/mode/1up","Falco badius"],["8300","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza badia sphenura","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to southwestern Arabian Peninsula, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59A8205D",null,null,"Dahlak Island, Red Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/122/mode/1up","Falco (Nisus) sphenurus"],["8301","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza badia polyzonoides","(Smith, 1838)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.4 pl.11,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Tanzania to northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12F9E7F5",null,null,"South Africa north of lat. 26° S. = Mafeking, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/53/mode/1up","Accipiter polyzonoides"],["8302","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza badia cenchroides","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Azerbaijan to Kazakhstan, Iran, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0A895E4",null,null,"Aulje-ata and Chimkent, Russian Turkestan; restricted to the lower Syr-Darja by Heptner and Stachanov.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Astur cenchroides"],["8303","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza badia dussumieri","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.52, vol.1 pl.308,336",null,null,null,null,null,"central India and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A652158",null,null,"India. Type from Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/547/mode/1up","Falco dussumieri"],["8304","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza badia poliopsis","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"northern plains of India to southern China, Thailand, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D96057C",null,null,"Northern Pegu.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/343/mode/1up","Micronisus poliopsis"],["8305","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza badia badia","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF5360A8",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/292/mode/1up","Falco badius"],["8306","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza butleri","(Gurney, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.27","Nicobar Sparrowhawk","Nicobar Sparrowhawk","Nicobar Sparrowhawk",null,null,"northern and central Nicobar Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695494","nicspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicspa1","avibase-6B64C150",null,null,"Car Nicobar.","[Description of a new Goshawk from the island of Car Nicobar, in the Bay of Bengal].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/465/mode/1up","Astur butleri"],["8307","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza butleri butleri","(Gurney, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Car Nicobar (north Nicobar Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AC76F68",null,null,"Car Nicobar.","[Description of a new Goshawk from the island of Car Nicobar, in the Bay of Bengal].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/465/mode/1up","Astur butleri"],["8308","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza butleri obsoleta","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nicobar Islands (Katchall and Camorta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F21364B8",null,null,"Katchall Island, Nicobar Group","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/338/mode/1up","Astur obsoletus"],["8309","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza brevipes","(Severtsov, 1850)","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 23 no.3 p.234 pl.1,2,3","Levant Sparrowhawk","Levant Sparrowhawk","Levant Sparrowhawk",null,null,"breeds Balkans to Russia; winters to northeastern Africa and Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695499","levspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/levspa1","avibase-8492E4B7",null,null,"Voronezh Province, Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151123#page/240/mode/1up","Astur brevipes"],["8310","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza soloensis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.137","Chinese Sparrowhawk","Chinese Sparrowhawk","Chinese Sparrowhawk",null,null,"breeds Russian Far East (southern Ussuriland), Korean Peninsula, and central and eastern China; winters from far southeastern China, southward through Borneo, Philippines, and Sulawesi to northern Moluccas and western Lesser Sundas (eastward to Flores), rarely western New Guinea, and western Micronesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695503","grfhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grfhaw1","avibase-D188E45C",null,null,"Solo, Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/156/mode/1up","Falco Soloënsis"],["8311","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza imitator","(Hartert, 1926)","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.1 p.37","Imitator Goshawk","Imitator Goshawk","Imitator Goshawk",null,null,"Bougainville, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695553","imispa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/imispa1","avibase-466CC533",null,null,"Choiseul.","On the Birds of Feni and Nissan Islands, east of south New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/57/mode/1up","Accipiter eichhorni imitator"],["8312","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza francesiae","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.3, pt.2 p.280","Frances's Sparrowhawk","Frances's Sparrowhawk","Frances's Sparrowhawk",null,null,"Comoros (except Mohéli) and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695508","fragos2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fragos2","avibase-0307D245",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/300/mode/1up","Accipiter Francesii"],["8313","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza francesiae francesiae","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.3, pt.2 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3137BD68",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/300/mode/1up","Accipiter Francesii"],["8314","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza francesiae griveaudi","(Benson, 1960)","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro Island (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26AB1AE4",null,null,"Nioumbadjou, Grand Comoro. 11 August 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands : results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Accipiter francesii griveaudi"],["8315","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza francesiae pusilla","(Gurney, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"Anjouan (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-046146F5",null,null,"Joanna Island, ex Ibis, 1864, pl. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/394/mode/1up","Scelospizias pusillus"],["8316","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza francesiae bruta","(Schlegel, 1865)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Mayotte (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F96B2DF",null,null,"Mayotte.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/94/mode/1up","Nisus brutus"],["8317","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza trinotata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.33","Spot-tailed Sparrowhawk","Spot-tailed Goshawk","Spot-tailed Goshawk",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Talisei (to northeast), Muna and Buton (to southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695516","sptgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptgos1","avibase-0BED8100",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/71/mode/1up","Accipiter trinotatus"],["8318","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza poliocephala","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.170","Grey-headed Goshawk","Gray-headed Goshawk","Grey-headed Goshawk",null,null,"New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695558","gyhgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhgos1","avibase-435FF493",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/236/mode/1up","Accipiter poliocephalus"],["8319","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza princeps","(Mayr, 1934)","American Museum Novitates no.709 p.3","New Britain Goshawk","New Britain Goshawk","New Britain Goshawk",null,null,"highlands of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695561","nebgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebgos1","avibase-B202721E",null,null,"Balayang, New Britain.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 28, Notes on some birds from New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4500/","Accipiter princeps"],["8320","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza novaehollandiae","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.264","Grey Goshawk","Gray Goshawk","Grey Goshawk",null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to southeastern South Australia, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727714","grygos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grygos1","avibase-CFB9E213",null,null,"Nova Hollandia = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool. 18, p. 245.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/276/mode/1up","Falco novoe-Hollandioe"],["8321","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster","(Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk., pt4 p.110,note","Variable Goshawk","Variable Goshawk",null,"2025-0357","Taxon <em>sylvestris</em> (monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Tachyspiza hiogaster</em> based on available evidence. The <em>T. hiogaster </em>complex is highly variable and may not form a monophyletic clade; a more comprehensive review of all taxa is required.","Moluccas and Lesser Sundas to New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,"vargos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vargos1","avibase-A4AAB528",null,null,"Ambon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/126/mode/1up","Falco hiogaster"],["8322","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster sylvestris","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB0C5D93",null,null,"Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/587/mode/1up","Accipiter sylvestris"],["8323","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster polionota","(Salvadori, 1889)","Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (2), 40 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Banda and Tanimbar islands (eastern Indonesian Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69EE2004",null,null,"Timorlaut.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28685#page/193/mode/1up","Urospizias polionotus"],["8324","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster mortyi","(Hartert, 1925)","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai Island (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0A0E179",null,null,"Morty Island.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. VI. Striges-Phaethonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/301/mode/1up","Accipiter fasciatus mortyi"],["8325","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster griseogularis","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94F0CDC4",null,null,"Batjan, Gilolo (= Halmahera), Ternate.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/441/mode/1up","Astur griseogularis"],["8326","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster obiensis","(Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi Island (central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-964AE2E5",null,null,"Obi Major, Central Mollucas","The Birds of the Obi Group, Central Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/17/mode/1up","Astur griseogularis obiensis"],["8327","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster hiogaster","(Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk., pt4 p.110,note",null,null,null,null,null,"South Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8F54819",null,null,"Ambon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/126/mode/1up","Falco hiogaster"],["8328","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster pallidiceps","(Salvadori, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B27103A",null,null,"Buru.","On a new Hawk of the Genus Urospizias, Kaup, from Bouru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/526/mode/1up","Urospizias pallidiceps"],["8329","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster albiventris","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.982",null,null,null,null,null,"Tayandu and Kai islands (eastern Indonesian Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCFE877E",null,null,"Great Kei Island and Kei Bandan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/989/mode/1up","Urospizias albiventris"],["8330","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster leucosoma","(Sharpe, 1874)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80ACDA0D",null,null,"New Guinea and adjacent islands, ex. Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., 1866, p. 19, 58, pl. 11, f. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34315#page/137/mode/1up","Astur novaehollandiae leucosomus"],["8331","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster misoriensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.904",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B8BA926",null,null,"Korido, Misore Island [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/910/mode/1up","Urospizias misoriensis"],["8332","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster pallidimas","(Mayr, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1056 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CCD1F47",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 41, Notes on New Guinea birds. 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4815/","Accipiter novaehollandiae pallidimas"],["8333","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster misulae","(Mayr, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1056 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30CFD93D",null,null,"Misima.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 41, Notes on New Guinea birds. 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4815/","Accipiter novaehollandiae misulae"],["8334","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster lavongai","(Mayr, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1294 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover and New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47B66828",null,null,"New Hanover (Lavongai).","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 55, Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3811/","Accipiter novaehollandiae lavongai"],["8335","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster matthiae","(Mayr, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1294 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E7DF55A",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 55, Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3811/","Accipiter novaehollandiae matthiae"],["8336","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster manusi","(Mayr, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1294 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AED30491",null,null,"Lombrum, Manus, Admiralty Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 55, Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3811/","Accipiter novaehollandiae manusi"],["8337","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster dampieri","(Gurney, 1882)","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.23 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3350995",null,null,"New Britain.","On some Raptorial Birds recently acquired by the Norwich Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/160/mode/1up","Urospizias dampieri"],["8338","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster lihirensis","(Stresemann, 1933)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 41 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"Lihir and Tanga, off New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A929AC93",null,null,"Lihir.","Neue Vogelrassen von Lihir (Bismarck-Archipel).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_41_0114-0116.pdf","Accipiter novaehollandiae lihirensis"],["8339","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster bougainvillei","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A17D196D",null,null,"Bougainville.","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/264/mode/1up","Astur etorques bougainvillei"],["8340","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster rufoschistacea","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.590",null,null,null,null,null,"Choiseul, Santa Isabel, and Florida Group (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59F52C2D",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.","List of a collection of birds made on Ysabel Island in the Solomon Group by Mr. A. S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/660/mode/1up","Astur rufoschistaceus"],["8341","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster rubianae","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"New Georgia group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDB5B057",null,null,"Gizo, Solomon Islands","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/264/mode/1up","Astur etorques rubianae"],["8342","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster malaitae","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CA4C568",null,null,"Malaita.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Accipiter novaehollandiae malaitae"],["8343","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza hiogaster pulchella","(Ramsay, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-546423B4",null,null,"Cape Pitt, Solomon Islands, ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4, pt. 1, 1879, p. 66.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/145/mode/1up","Astur pulchellus"],["8344","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza melanochlamys","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.905","Black-mantled Goshawk","Black-mantled Goshawk","Black-mantled Goshawk",null,null,"montane forest and edge of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695532","blmgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blmgos1","avibase-1F0322E5",null,null,"Hatam, 6000 ft., Mt. Arfak, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/911/mode/1up","Urospizias melanochlamys"],["8345","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza albogularis","(Gray, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.24 p.327","Pied Goshawk","Pied Goshawk","Pied Goshawk",null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695535","piegos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piegos1","avibase-BBB59880",null,null,"San Cristobal.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/341/mode/1up","Accipiter albogularis"],["8346","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza albogularis eichhorni","(Hartert, 1926)","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Feni Island (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F201B27",null,null,"Feni Island, east of southern New Ireland, southwestern Pacific","On the Birds of Feni and Nissan Islands, east of south New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/56/mode/1up","Accipiter eichhorni"],["8347","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza albogularis woodfordi","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Treasury, Choiseul, Florida, and Guadalcanal (Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B5E96D4",null,null,"Guadalcanal.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by Mr. C. M. Woodford.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/229/mode/1up","Astur woodfordi"],["8348","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza albogularis gilva","(Mayr, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1294 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella, Kolombangara, New Georgia, and Rendova (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0BDCBA7",null,null,"Kolombangara.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 55, Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3811/","Accipiter albogularis gilvus"],["8349","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza albogularis albogularis","(Gray, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.24 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira, Ugi, and Santa Ana (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31295683",null,null,"San Cristobal.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/341/mode/1up","Accipiter albogularis"],["8350","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza albogularis sharpei","(Oustalet, 1875)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (6), 12 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Utupua and Vanikoro (Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2CC70E3",null,null,"Marianne Islands. Error = specimen of albogularis with wrong locality, fide Stresemann, in litt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98694#page/153/mode/1up","Astur Sharpei"],["8351","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza rufitorques","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.68, pl.19","Fiji Goshawk","Fiji Goshawk","Fiji Goshawk",null,null,"Fiji",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695538","fijgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fijgos1","avibase-5B6F04D7",null,null,"Town of Levuka, Ovalau Is., Fiji.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/88/mode/1up","Astur rufitorques"],["8352","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza henicogramma","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.343","Moluccan Goshawk","Moluccan Goshawk","Moluccan Goshawk",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Bacan, Halmahera, Ternate, and Morotai)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695544","molgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molgos1","avibase-9288286D",null,null,"Gilolo = Halmahera.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/441/mode/1up","Astur henicogrammus"],["8353","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza luteoschistacea","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.53","Slaty-mantled Goshawk","Slaty-mantled Goshawk","Slaty-backed Goshawk",null,null,"mountains of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695547","slmgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slmgos1","avibase-EA787A01",null,null,"Talasea, New Britain.","Exhibition and description of two new species from New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/89/mode/1up","Accipiter luteoschistaceus"],["8354","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza haplochroa","(Sclater, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.3 p.275 pl.8","White-bellied Goshawk","New Caledonian Goshawk","White-bellied Goshawk","2026-001","There were a small number of errors in version 2025 that were reported in our 2025 errata https://www.avilist.org/checklist/errata/ but affected core taxonomic fields (and thus were not corrected in v2025b). These corrections are as follows: 1) Cloven-feathered Dove is corrected from <em>Ptilinopus holosericea</em> to <em>Ptilinopus holosericeus</em>; 2) White-bellied Goshawk is corrected from <em>Tachyspiza haplochrous</em> to <em>Tachyspiza haplochroa</em>; 3) Little Lorikeet <em>Parvipsitta pusilla</em> and Purple-crowned Lorikeet <em>Parvipsitta porphyrocephala</em> are moved to genus <em>Psitteuteles</em>, thus removing <em>Parvipsitta</em> from the checklist; 4) the English names for seven species of Island Thrush are corrected as follows: <em>Turdus nigrorum</em> is changed from Negros Island Thrush to Mindanao Island Thrush; <em>Turdus schlegelii</em> is changed from Sulawesi Island Thrush to Wallacean Island Thrush; <em>Turdus javanicus</em> is changed from Sunda Island Thrush to Sundaic Island Thrush; <em>Turdus deningeri</em> is changed from Sula Island Thrush to Moluccan Island Thrush; <em>Turdus kulambangrae</em> is changed from Guadalcanal Island Thrush to Solomons Island Thrush; <em>Turdus vanikorensis</em> is changed from Vanuatu Island Thrush to Vanikoro Island Thrush; <em>Turdus pritzbueri</em> is changed from Loyalty Island Thrush to White-headed Island Thrush.","New Caledonia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695541","necgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necgos1","avibase-18B4CE02",null,null,"Nu Island, off New Caledonia.","Characters of an undescribed Species of Hawk from New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/313/mode/1up","Accipiter haplochrous"],["8355","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.181","Brown Goshawk","Brown Goshawk","Brown Goshawk","2025-0364","Taxon <em>rosseliana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Tachyspiza fasciata</em> based on juvenile plumage and structure, following Schodde (2015).","Christmas Island (south of Java, in Indian Ocean), islands south of Sulawesi, Buru (southwestern Moluccas), Lesser Sundas, southern and eastern New Guinea including Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea), Australia including Tasmania, Solomon Archipelago, New Caledonia group, and Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219590235","brogos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brogos1","avibase-6024AA3F",null,null,"New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/187/mode/1up","Astur Fasciatus"],["8356","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata natalis","(Lister, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.4, no.35 p.523",null,null,null,null,null,"Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C01527E9",null,null,"Christmas Island.","On the Natural History of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/609/mode/1up","Urospizias natalis"],["8357","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata wallacii","(Sharpe, 1874)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 1 p.128 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and adjacent Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50955D38",null,null,"Lombok.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34315#page/146/mode/1up","Astur wallacii"],["8358","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata tjendanae","(Stresemann, 1925)","Journal für Ornithologie 73, no.2 p.323,note1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B06038B",null,null,"Waingapo, Sumba.","Raubvogelstudien. XI. Weiteres über indo-australische Accipiter-Arten.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01906335","Accipiter fasciatus tjendanae"],["8359","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata stresemanni","(Rensch, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 4 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea, Kalao, Bonerate, Kalaotoa, and Madu (off southern Sulawesi), and Tukangbesi islands (off southeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A503D540",null,null,"Kalao Tuah Island = Kalaotoa.","Die Vogelwelt von Lombok, Sumbawa und Flores.",null,"Accipiter fasciatus stresemanni"],["8360","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata savu","(Mayr, 1941)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 49 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Sawu (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6161A1DE",null,null,"Savu = Sawu.","Über einige Raubvögel der Kleinen Sunda Inseln.",null,"Accipiter fasciatus savu"],["8361","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata hellmayri","(Stresemann, 1922)","Journal für Ornithologie 70, no.1 p.129,note2",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Timor, Alor, Semau, and Rote)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-803AEE0A",null,null,"Timor.","Rafinesque's Benennungen sizilianischer Vögel","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215787#page/141/mode/1up","Accipiter fasciatus hellmayri"],["8362","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata buruensis","(Stresemann, 1914)","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.4 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (Moluccas); possibly migrants from Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37CDAA2B",null,null,"Fakal, 1050m, Buru Island.","Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Avifauna von Buru. (Aus den zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/411/mode/1up","Accipiter torquatus buruensis"],["8363","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata dogwa","(Rand, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea) and Boigu and Saibai (northern Torres Strait islands, far northeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74F57DE3",null,null,"Dogwa, Oriomo River.","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Accipiter fasciatus dogwa"],["8364","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata polycrypta","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1915)","Novitates Zoologicae 22, no.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE40F7CE",null,null,"Sogeri district, Owen Stanley Mountains.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Vol. XIV., p. 446.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22360#page/69/mode/1up","Accipiter fasciatus polycryptus"],["8365","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata vigilax","(Wetmore, 1926)","The Condor 28, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands, and Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-740B3979",null,null,"New Caledonia.","The name for the Goshawk of New Caledonia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol28/iss1/15/","Astur fasciatus vigilax"],["8366","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata didimus","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland); winters northward to Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BD5AE24",null,null,"Melville Island.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/51/mode/1up","Astur fasciatus didimus"],["8367","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata fasciata","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (including Tasmania but not far north), Rennell and Bellona (southeastern Solomon Islands); non-breeding to Timor",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91CDE968",null,null,"New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/187/mode/1up","Astur Fasciatus"],["8368","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Tachyspiza fasciata rosseliana","(Mayr, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1056 p.12",null,null,null,"2025-0364","Taxon <em>rosseliana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Tachyspiza fasciata</em> based on juvenile plumage and structure, following Schodde (2015).","Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8F01E55",null,null,"Mt. Rossel.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 41, Notes on New Guinea birds. 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4815/","Accipiter cirrhocephalus rosselianus"],["8369","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Erythrotriorchis","Sharpe, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco radiatus [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/451/mode/1up","Erythrotriorchis"],["8370","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Erythrotriorchis radiatus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xii","Red Goshawk","Red Goshawk","Red Goshawk",null,null,"breeds northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to north Queensland, including Tiwi islands off Northern Territory); some non-breeders move southward to northwestern and central Australia; formerly southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695699","redgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redgos1","avibase-235CF06A",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/18/mode/1up","Falco radiatus"],["8371","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Erythrotriorchis buergersi","(Reichenow, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.29","Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk","Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk","Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk",null,null,"montane forest of northern and eastern New Guinea",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695692","chsgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chsgos1","avibase-0C9E322E",null,null,"Maeanderberg, near Sepik River, New Guinea.","Astur bürgersi Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/41/mode/1up","Astur bürgersi"],["8372","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.28,310",null,null,null,"2025-1201","Widespread non-monophyly in the genus <em>Accipiter </em>(Lerner &amp; Mindell 2005; Mindell et al. 2018) is resolved by the recognition of five genera following Catanach et al. (2024): polytypic <em>Accipiter (A. poliogaster, A. ovampensis, A. madagascariensis, A. nisus, A. rufiventris</em>, and <em>A. striatus</em>); polytypic <em>Astur (A. bicolor, A. chilensis, A. cooperii, A. gundlachi, A. gentilis, A. atricapillus, A. meyerianus, A. melanoleucus</em>, and <em>A. henstii</em>); polytypic <em>Aerospiza </em>(<em>A. tachiro</em> and <em>A. castanilius</em>); polytypic <em>Lophospiza</em> (<em>L. trivirgata</em> and <em>L. griseiceps</em>); and polytypic <em>Tachyspiza</em> (with all remaining species).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco nisus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Falco nisus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/70/mode/1up","Accipiter"],["8373","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter poliogaster","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.45, vol.1 pl.264","Grey-bellied Hawk","Gray-bellied Hawk","Grey-bellied Goshawk",null,null,"locally in humid forest of South America east of the Andes",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695453","gybhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybhaw1","avibase-707547BB",null,null,"Brazil. Type from Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/453/mode/1up","Falco poliogaster"],["8374","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter madagascariensis","Verreaux, 1833","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.80","Madagascar Sparrowhawk","Madagascar Sparrowhawk","Madagascar Sparrowhawk",null,null,"scrub and savanna of Madagascar (except central)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695613","madspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madspa1","avibase-5D673E3E",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/98/mode/1up","Accipiter Madagascariensis"],["8375","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter ovampensis","Gurney, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.367 pl.6","Ovambo Sparrowhawk","Ovambo Sparrowhawk","Ovambo Sparrowhawk",null,null,"locally in savanna and thornscrub of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695619","ovaspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ovaspa2","avibase-BAE91683",null,null,"Okavango River, South West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/405/mode/1up","Accipiter ovampensis"],["8376","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.42 pl.14","Sharp-shinned Hawk","Sharp-shinned Hawk","Sharp-shinned Hawk","2025-0358","<em>Accipiter striatus</em> is treated as a single species based on available data; sometimes treated as four species (monotypic <em>A. erythronemius, A. ventralis</em>, and <em>A. chionogaster</em>, and polytypic <em>A. striatus</em>). Genomic and mitochondrial DNA data consistently identify <em>erythronemius </em>as the most divergent lineage (Breman et al. 2013; Oatley et al. 2015; Mindell et al. 2018; Catanach et al. 2021), but a comprehensive genetic review of all taxa is needed to better define species limits in this group.","breeds Alaska and Canada and Greater Antilles to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina; northern populations winter to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734130","shshaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shshaw","avibase-3B024163",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/96/mode/1up","Accipiter striatus"],["8377","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus perobscurus","Snyder, 1938","Occasional papers of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology no.4 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Haida Gwaii and perhaps adjacent coastal British Columbia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E52FF05",null,null,"Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands.","The North-west coast Sharp-shinned Hawk.",null,"Accipiter striatus perobscurus"],["8378","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus velox","(Wilson, 1812)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 5 p.116 pl.45 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska and Canada to southern USA; winters to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1A4BC92",null,null,"banks of the Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175520#page/136/mode/1up","Falco velox"],["8379","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus suttoni","Van Rossem, 1939","The Auk 56, no.2 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from far southern New Mexico to southeastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88058F36",null,null,"Mesa del Chipinque, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.","A new race of Sharp-shinned Hawk.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol56/iss2/1/","Accipiter striatus suttoni"],["8380","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus madrensis","Storer, 1952","The Condor 54, no.5 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Guerrero and western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EA83871",null,null,"Cuapongo, Guerrero, Mexico.","Variation in the resident Sharp-shinned Hawks of Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol54/iss5/2/","Accipiter striatus madrensis"],["8381","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus fringilloides","Vigors, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C29D413",null,null,"near Havana, Cuba.","XLVI. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. &c. [Continued from p. 246.] On some species of Birds from Cuba","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/462/mode/1up","Accipiter fringilloides"],["8382","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus striatus","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.42 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-077639B4",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/96/mode/1up","Accipiter striatus"],["8383","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus venator","Wetmore, 1914","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 27 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86B617A1",null,null,"Maricao, Puerto Rico.","A new Accipiter from Porto Rico with notes on the allied forms of Cuba and San Domingo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/245864#page/141/mode/1up","Accipiter striatus venator"],["8384","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus chionogaster","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.221 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55A81DC2",null,null,"Coban, Guatemala.","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/65/mode/1up","Nisus (seu Accipiter) chionogaster"],["8385","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus ventralis","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-793AA5AB",null,null,"Interior of Colombia.","On a New Species of the Genus Accipiter from New Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/385/mode/1up","Accipiter ventralis"],["8386","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter striatus erythronemius","(Kaup, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia and Paraguay to northern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB18F793",null,null,"Bolivia.","Monograph of the Falconidae, systematically arranged.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/98/mode/1up","Nisus vel Accipiter erythronemius"],["8387","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter rufiventris","Smith, 1830","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.3 p.231","Rufous-breasted Sparrowhawk","Rufous-breasted Sparrowhawk","Rufous-breasted Sparrowhawk",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane forest, savanna, arid Karoo steppe, and plantations, of Eritrean and Ethiopian highlands, from southern South Sudan and southern Kenya southward to eastern Zimbabwe, southwestern Angola, and eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695630","rucspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucspa2","avibase-EC0E680F",null,null,"no locality = South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/239/mode/1up","Accipiter rufiventris"],["8388","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter rufiventris perspicillaris","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.41 pl.18 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"highland forest of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E559E054",null,null,"Gondar, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/121/mode/1up","Falco (Astur) perspicillaris"],["8389","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter rufiventris rufiventris","Smith, 1830","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.3 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Kenya and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5655C112",null,null,"no locality = South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/239/mode/1up","Accipiter rufiventris"],["8390","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92","Eurasian Sparrowhawk","Eurasian Sparrowhawk","Eurasian Sparrowhawk",null,null,"lowland to treeline montane forest, open woodland, and urban and suburban parks, from Europe eastward to western Siberia and Kamchatka, and southward to Madeira and Canary Islands, northwestern Africa, Iran, the Himalayas, central China, and Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu); northern populations migrate southward to eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, southernmost India, northern Thailand, and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695624","eurspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurspa1","avibase-DB376A66",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Falco Nisus"],["8391","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus nisus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe to Türkiye and Siberia; winters to Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D19772D",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/110/mode/1up","Falco Nisus"],["8392","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus nisosimilis","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Siberia to northern China and Japan; winters to southwestern, central, eastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44CC6D5D",null,null,"Marcha, Borabhum, India.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/629/mode/1up","Falco Nisosimilis"],["8393","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus dementjevi","Stepanyan, 1958","Uchenia Zapiski Gosudarstvo Moskovskii Universitete 197 p.125-129",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pamir-Alai to Tien Shan Mountains (central Asia); winter range requires elucidation",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2B36CDA",null,null,"Issyk-Kul and Fergana, Asia.","O raspredelenii perepelyatnika v Turkestane.",null,"Accipiter nisus dementjevi"],["8394","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus melaschistos","Hume, 1869","My scrapbook: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas and mountains of central Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A10D51",null,null,"Interior of the Himalayas.",null,null,"Accipiter Melaschistos"],["8395","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus wolterstorffi","Kleinschmidt, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6469BDF",null,null,"Lanusei, Sardinia.","Beschreibung neuer Formen aus Tunesien und Sardinien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/186/mode/1up","Accipiter wolterstorffi"],["8396","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus punicus","Erlanger, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6433D5C3",null,null,"Ain-bou-Dries, Tunisia.","Einige vorläufige Mitteilungen über Resultate meiner zweiten Reise nach Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/203/mode/1up","Accipiter nisus punicus"],["8397","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Accipiter nisus granti","Sharpe, 1890","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.5, no.30 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira and Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C87B138",null,null,"Madeira.","LX. On a new Sparrow-Hawk from Madeira.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88001#page/511/mode/1up","Accipiter Granti"],["8398","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.4",null,null,null,"2025-1201","Widespread non-monophyly in the genus <em>Accipiter </em>(Lerner &amp; Mindell 2005; Mindell et al. 2018) is resolved by the recognition of five genera following Catanach et al. (2024): polytypic <em>Accipiter (A. poliogaster, A. ovampensis, A. madagascariensis, A. nisus, A. rufiventris</em>, and <em>A. striatus</em>); polytypic <em>Astur (A. bicolor, A. chilensis, A. cooperii, A. gundlachi, A. gentilis, A. atricapillus, A. meyerianus, A. melanoleucus</em>, and <em>A. henstii</em>); polytypic <em>Aerospiza </em>(<em>A. tachiro</em> and <em>A. castanilius</em>); polytypic <em>Lophospiza</em> (<em>L. trivirgata</em> and <em>L. griseiceps</em>); and polytypic <em>Tachyspiza</em> (with all remaining species).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco palumbarius [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subs. design.",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA4#v=onepage","Astur"],["8399","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur cooperii","(Bonaparte, 1828)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States not given by Wilson with figures drawn engraved and coloured from nature by Charles Lucien Bonaparte 2 p.1 pl.10 fig.1","Cooper's Hawk","Cooper's Hawk","Cooper's Hawk",null,null,"woodland of southern Canada and USA; winters to Central America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695656","coohaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coohaw","avibase-EB98812F",null,null,"Near Bordentown, N. J.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267077#page/19/mode/1up","Falco cooperii"],["8400","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gundlachi","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.252","Gundlach's Hawk","Gundlach's Hawk","Gundlach's Hawk",null,null,"forest and wooded areas of lowlands and hills of Cuba",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695659","gunhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gunhaw1","avibase-0EDF5A1C",null,null,"Hanabana, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/272/mode/1up","Accipiter Gundlachi"],["8401","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gundlachi gundlachi","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of western and central Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DB2B59D",null,null,"Hanabana, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/272/mode/1up","Accipiter Gundlachi"],["8402","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gundlachi wileyi","(Wotzkow, 1991)","Birds of Prey Bulletin 4 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of eastern Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-599606A7",null,null,"Yaguabo, Río Cauto, Holguin, Cuba","New subspecies of Gundlach's Hawk, Accipiter gundlachi (Lawrence).","http://www.raptors-international.org/book/birds_of_prey_1991/Wotzkow_1991_271-292.pdf","Accipiter gundlachi wileyi"],["8403","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur chilensis","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1864)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 30, bd.1 p.43","Chilean Hawk","Chilean Hawk",null,"2025-0359","Taxon <em>chilensis </em>(monotypic) is split from <em>Astur bicolor </em>based on differences in vocalizations and habitat (Jaramillo 2003; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020).","Andes of central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,"bichaw4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bichaw4","avibase-867A926A",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30597#page/51/mode/1up","Accipiter chilensis"],["8404","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur bicolor","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.325","Bicolored Hawk","Bicolored Hawk",null,"2025-0359","Taxon <em>chilensis </em>(monotypic) is split from <em>Astur bicolor </em>based on differences in vocalizations and habitat (Jaramillo 2003; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020).","lowlands of southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatan Peninsula) to Bolivia, Paraguay, southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso), and northern Argentina",null,null,null,"bichaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bichaw1","avibase-FB27427B",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/344/mode/1up","Sparvius bicolor"],["8405","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur bicolor bicolor","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to the Guianas, Brazil, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1F1A9A9",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/344/mode/1up","Sparvius bicolor"],["8406","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur bicolor fidens","(Bangs & Noble, 1918)","The Auk 35, no.4 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8789B1D8",null,null,"Buena Vista, Veracruz.","List of birds collected on the Harvard Peruvian Expedition of 1916.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol35/iss4/6/","Accipiter bicolor fidens"],["8407","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur bicolor guttifer","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia to Paraguay, southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso), and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE4C5155",null,null,"Bolivia.","Miscellanea Ornithologica II. Zwei neue neotropische Tracheophonen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/210/mode/1up","Accipiter guttifer"],["8408","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur bicolor pileatus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.35, vol.1 pl.205 (265?)",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River to northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01A5B6EC",null,null,"Brazil. Type from Rio Belmonte, Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/483/mode/1up","Falco pileatus"],["8409","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur atricapillus","(Wilson, 1812)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 6 p.80 pl.52 fig.3","American Goshawk","American Goshawk",null,"2025-0710","Taxon <em>atricapillus </em>(polytypic, including <em>laingi </em>and apache) is treated as a species separate from <em>Astur gentilis</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data (Kunz et al. 2019) that recovered <em>A. gentilis sensu lato </em>as non-monophyletic. The split of <em>A. atricapillus</em> is supported by nuclear DNA evidence (Geraldes et al. 2019), vocalizations, plumage, and iris color (Sangster 2022), although the analysis of vocalizations suffers from incomplete sampling.","mature coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forest from northern Alaska eastward across most Canada to Newfoundland and Labrador; southward in western Canada and mountains of western US to northwesternmost Mexico in Baja California Norte and Sonora, and southward in the Sierra Madre Occidental to southern Jalisco, Colima and isolated in southern Guerrero; in eastern Canada southward to northeastern US; winters at lower elevations throughout southernmost Canada, central and northeastern US",null,null,null,"norgos","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norgos","avibase-AE5956D5",null,null,"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175484#page/106/mode/1up","Falco atricapillus"],["8410","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur atricapillus atricapillus","(Wilson, 1812)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 6 p.80 pl.52 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"North America southward to southwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4AE4CFE",null,null,"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175484#page/106/mode/1up","Falco atricapillus"],["8411","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur atricapillus laingi","Taverner, 1940","The Condor 42, no.3 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Haida Gwaii and Vancouver Island (British Columbia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7AB1133",null,null,"Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands.","Variation in the American Goshawk.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol42/iss3/4/","Astur atricapillus laingi"],["8412","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur atricapillus apache","(Van Rossem, 1938)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA (southern Arizona) to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-506C5316",null,null,"Cochise County, Arizona.","A Mexican race of the Goshawk.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/121/mode/1up","Accipiter gentilis apache"],["8413","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur meyerianus","Sharpe, 1878","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 13 p.458 ? maybe 1877 ?","Meyer's Goshawk","Meyer's Goshawk","Meyer's Goshawk",null,null,"Moluccas to New Guinea, New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago), and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695689","meygos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meygos1","avibase-87B94C0E",null,null,"Ansus, Japen Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98585#page/472/mode/1up","Astur Meyerianus"],["8414","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89","Eurasian Goshawk","Eurasian Goshawk",null,"2025-0710","Taxon <em>atricapillus </em>(polytypic, including <em>laingi </em>and apache) is treated as a species separate from <em>Astur gentilis</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data (Kunz et al. 2019) that recovered <em>A. gentilis sensu lato </em>as non-monophyletic. The split of <em>A. atricapillus</em> is supported by nuclear DNA evidence (Geraldes et al. 2019), vocalizations, plumage, and iris color (Sangster 2022), although the analysis of vocalizations suffers from incomplete sampling.","lowland to montane forest, forest edge, and mature woodland, from Scandinavia eastward below the Palearctic tree-line to Siberia and Kamchatka, and southward to Morocco, Iberia, northern Iran, the Himalayas from India to Bhutan, east-central China and Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea; largely resident",null,null,null,"norgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norgos1","avibase-95DD1855",null,null,"Dalecarlian Alps, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco gentilis"],["8415","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis buteoides","Menzbier, 1882","Uchenia Zapiski Imperatorskovo Moskovskii Univ. Otdel Estestvennoistoricheskii 2 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Eurasia (Sweden to Lena River); winters to central Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C6B8BEA",null,null,"Vladimir Province, central Russia.",null,null,"Astur palumbarius buteoides"],["8416","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis albidus","Menzbier, 1882","Uchenia Zapiski Imperatorskovo Moskovskii Univ. Otdel Estestvennoistoricheskii 2 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia to Kamchatka Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1530031A",null,null,"eastern Siberia, Amurland, and Kamchatka.",null,null,"Astur palumbarius albidus"],["8417","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis schvedowi","Menzbier, 1882","Uchenia Zapiski Imperatorskovo Moskovskii Univ. Otdel Estestvennoistoricheskii 2 p.439",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Asia to central China; winters to northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66FBCC73",null,null,"Transbaikalia.",null,null,"Astur palumbarius Schvedowi"],["8418","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis fujiyamae","Swann & Hartert, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Japan (Hokkaido to northern Kyushu); winters southward to southern Japan, Korean Peninsula, and eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C42DA2A",null,null,"Shimosake, Sagami Bay, Honshu.","Exhibition of a new Goshawk from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/576/mode/1up","Astur gentilis fujiyamae"],["8419","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis gentilis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe (except for the northeast and southeast) and northern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-900DF266",null,null,"Dalecarlian Alps, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco gentilis"],["8420","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis marginatus","(Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783)","Iter per Poseganam Sclavoniæ provinciam mensibus junio, et julio anno MDCCLXXXII p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy and the Balkans eastward to the Caucasus and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C23C9C8",null,null,"Vukovar, Slavonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79736#page/32/mode/1up","Falco marginatus"],["8421","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur gentilis arrigonii","Kleinschmidt, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 no.10 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C025BF1",null,null,"Sardinia.","Astur gentilis arrigonii form. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/170/mode/1up","Astur gentilis arrigonii"],["8422","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur henstii","Schlegel, 1873","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.10 Accipitres no.36 p.62,63","Henst's Goshawk","Henst's Goshawk","Henst's Goshawk",null,null,"forest and savanna of Madagascar (except central and far southern)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695678","hengos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hengos1","avibase-05701150",null,null,"Morondava, southwestern Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/368/mode/1up","Astur henstii"],["8423","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur melanoleucus","(Smith, 1830)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.3 p.229","Black Sparrowhawk","Black Goshawk","Black Sparrowhawk",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, dense woodland, and plantations, from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to southern Angola and northern Namibia, and through Mozambique and Zimbabwe to southern South Africa; local migrant in western, northeastern, and southern populations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695673","blagos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blagos1","avibase-819AB823",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/237/mode/1up","Accipiter melanoleucus"],["8424","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur melanoleucus temminckii","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.353-354",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Gabon, Congo, and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE74D028",null,null,"Río Bontry, Gold Coast [=Butre, Ghana], ","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/365/mode/1up","Astur Temminckii"],["8425","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Astur melanoleucus melanoleucus","(Smith, 1830)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.3 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan and northwestern Ethiopia; Kenya to Angola and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20CFF881",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/237/mode/1up","Accipiter melanoleucus"],["8426","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Megatriorchis","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.805",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Megatriorchis doriae [Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/811/mode/1up","Megatriorchis"],["8427","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Megatriorchis doriae","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.805","Doria's Hawk","Doria's Hawk","Doria's Goshawk",null,null,"New Guinea, including and Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695706","dorgos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dorgos1","avibase-0D0A9D98",null,null,"Yule Island, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/811/mode/1up","Megatriorchis doriae"],["8428","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco aeruginosus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 1, p. 105).",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA4#v=onepage","Circus"],["8429","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus assimilis","Jardine & Selby, 1828","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.4 pl.51, with text","Spotted Harrier","Spotted Harrier","Spotted Harrier",null,null,"Sulawesi, Sula Islands, eastern Lesser Sundas, and Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695376","spohar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spohar1","avibase-811762D2",null,null,"near Sydney, Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/341/mode/1up","Circus assimilis"],["8430","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus macrourus","(Gmelin, 1770)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 1 p.48","Pallid Harrier","Pallid Harrier","Pallid Harrier",null,null,"breeds central Eurasia; winters to southern Africa, India, and Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695396","palhar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palhar1","avibase-22647E26",null,null,"Voronezh, southern Russia.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11062277?page=78&q=Accipiter+macrourus","Falco macrourus"],["8431","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus maurus","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.78, vol.1 pl.461","Black Harrier","Black Harrier","Black Harrier",null,null,"arid grassland of southern Namibia, southwestern Botswana, and South Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695379","blahar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blahar1","avibase-A41CD4E7",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/569/mode/1up","Falco maurus"],["8432","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus cyaneus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.126","Hen Harrier","Hen Harrier","Hen Harrier",null,null,"breeds Europe and northern Asia eastward to Russian Far East; breeds also in southern Georgia and possibly in nearby northeastern Türkiye, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and western Xinjiang (northwestern China); winters from Europe and northwestern Africa eastward through Türkiye and Middle East to southeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727733","norhar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norhar1","avibase-F558C7F9",null,null,"Europe, Africa = vicinity of London, England, ex Edwards, pl. 225.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/130/mode/1up","Falco cyaneus"],["8433","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus hudsonius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.128","Northern Harrier","Northern Harrier","Northern Harrier",null,null,"breeds North America; winters to northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727740","norhar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norhar2","avibase-A091D50A",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/132/mode/1up","Falco hudsonius"],["8434","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus cinereus","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.454","Cinereous Harrier","Cinereous Harrier","Cinereous Harrier",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695393","cinhar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinhar1","avibase-83DC8765",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/474/mode/1up","Circus cinereus"],["8435","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus buffoni","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.277","Long-winged Harrier","Long-winged Harrier","Long-winged Harrier",null,null,"grassland of tropical South America, including Trinidad and Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695373","lowhar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lowhar1","avibase-07E22FE2",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/289/mode/1up","Falco Buffoni"],["8436","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus pygargus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89","Montagu's Harrier","Montagu's Harrier","Montagu's Harrier",null,null,"breeds northern Palearctic; winters to southern Africa, Iran, and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695405","monhar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monhar1","avibase-63B6412E",null,null,"Europe = England, ex Albin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco Pygargus"],["8437","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus melanoleucos","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.2 pl.2","Pied Harrier","Pied Harrier","Pied Harrier",null,null,"breeds eastern Asia; winters to southern Asia, Philippines, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695402","piehar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piehar1","avibase-1EA96AE1",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/8/mode/1up","Falco melanoleucus"],["8438","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus ranivorus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.170","African Marsh Harrier","African Marsh Harrier","African Marsh-harrier",null,null,"marshes and grassland of eastern and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695352","afmhar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afmhar1","avibase-2A2C169B",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/184/mode/1up","Falco ranivorus"],["8439","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus aeruginosus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.91","Western Marsh Harrier","Western Marsh Harrier","Western Marsh-harrier",null,null,"lowland to foothill marsh, swamps, reedy lagoons, and paddyfields, from Europe eastward to upper River Yenisey (Russia) and Mongolia, and southward to northwestern Africa, eastern Türkiye, Iran, and Tajikistan; migrates southward in winter to sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, and Indian subcontinent",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695344","wemhar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wemhar1","avibase-E2A19474",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 23.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/109/mode/1up","Falco aeruginosus"],["8440","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western and central Palearctic; winters in sub-Saharan Africa (south to northern South Africa) and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-303014DC",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 23.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/109/mode/1up","Falco aeruginosus"],["8441","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus aeruginosus harterti","Zedlitz, 1914","Journal für Ornithologie 62, no.1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco to Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF8D00F",null,null,"Mhoiwla, Morocco.","Ornithologisge Reisebilder aus Nord-Algerien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43524#page/149/mode/1up","Circus aeruginosus harterti"],["8442","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus maillardi","Verreaux, 1862","Notes sur l'Île de la Réunion (Bourbon) p.160","Reunion Harrier","Reunion Harrier","Reunion Marsh-harrier",null,null,"Réunion (western Indian Ocean)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728310","reuhar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reuhar2","avibase-02B81454",null,null,"Reunion.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57815584/f163.item.r=Circus%20maillardi","Circus Maillardi"],["8443","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus macrosceles","Newton, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.180","Malagasy Harrier","Malagasy Harrier","Malagasy Harrier",null,null,"Grande Comore, Mohéli, and Anjouan (northwestern and central Comoros), and western and central Madagascar",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695368","reuhar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reuhar3","avibase-C194112D",null,null,"Madagascar.","On Two New Birds from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/246/mode/1up","Circus macrosceles"],["8444","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus approximans","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.64","Swamp Harrier","Swamp Harrier","Swamp Harrier","2026-077","The treatment of <em>Circus spilothorax</em> as a species separate from <em>C. approximans</em> is upheld. Although mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>C. spilothorax</em> and <em>C. approximans</em> is negligible (Oatley et al. 2015), differences in adult plumage, the presence of sexual dimorphism in <em>C. spilothorax</em> but not <em>C. approximans</em>, and the level of divergence inferred from multi-locus genetic data (Catanach et al. 2024) suggest that a change to the species status of <em>C. spilothorax</em> is premature. A comprehensive analysis of plumages, including color morphs, and genomic DNA across all five species of marsh/swamp harrier will be needed to properly assess taxonomic limits in this complex.","breeds Australia (except south-central), North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands (New Zealand), Vanuatu, New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands, to Fiji and Tonga; non-breeders range to Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea) and Kermadec Islands (northeast of New Zealand); introduced to Leeward and Windward Society Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695363","swahar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swahar1","avibase-1ACF5A6E",null,null,"Vanua Levu, Fiji.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/84/mode/1up","Circus approximans"],["8445","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus spilonotus","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 12 col.953","Eastern Marsh Harrier","Eastern Marsh Harrier","Eastern Marsh-harrier",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia and Mongolia eastward to Ussuriland, Sakhalin, Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu), and northeastern China; winters from southeastern Asia, southern China, Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan to Indonesia (mainly Sumatra and northern Borneo) and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61709141","easmah1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmah1","avibase-A2F048C0",null,null,"Asia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/509/mode/1up","Circus spilonotus"],["8446","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Circus spilothorax","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.807","Papuan Harrier","Papuan Harrier","Papuan Harrier","2026-077","The treatment of <em>Circus spilothorax</em> as a species separate from <em>C. approximans</em> is upheld. Although mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>C. spilothorax</em> and <em>C. approximans</em> is negligible (Oatley et al. 2015), differences in adult plumage, the presence of sexual dimorphism in <em>C. spilothorax</em> but not <em>C. approximans</em>, and the level of divergence inferred from multi-locus genetic data (Catanach et al. 2024) suggest that a change to the species status of <em>C. spilothorax</em> is premature. A comprehensive analysis of plumages, including color morphs, and genomic DNA across all five species of marsh/swamp harrier will be needed to properly assess taxonomic limits in this complex.","central and eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61709172","easmah2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmah2","avibase-9D4669E5",null,null,"Yule Island, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/813/mode/1up","Circus spilothorax"],["8447","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpagus","Vigors, 1824","The Zoological Journal 1, no.3 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco bidentatus [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 4).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/370/mode/1up","Harpagus"],["8448","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpagus diodon","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.34, vol.1 pl.198","Rufous-thighed Kite","Rufous-thighed Kite","Rufous-thighed Kite",null,null,"breeds in Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil, westward across northern Argentina and Paraguay to Yungas and Cerrado of northern Bolivia; non-breeding visitor to Amazonia (to rios Branco and Purus, Guianas, and Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695063","rutkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutkit1","avibase-CE6511AB",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Villa Vigoza, Rio Peruipe, Bahia, by Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 1, no. 4, p. 32, note 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/227/mode/1up","Falco diodon"],["8449","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpagus bidentatus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.38","Double-toothed Kite","Double-toothed Kite","Double-toothed Kite",null,null,"southeastern Mexico through Amazonia to southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695060","dotkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dotkit1","avibase-E640A953",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/60/mode/1up","Falco bidentatus"],["8450","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus","Lawrence, 1869","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6F24089",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37631#page/439/mode/1up","Harpagus fasciatus"],["8451","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and Ecuador through Amazonia to southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87F6D1E3",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/60/mode/1up","Falco bidentatus"],["8452","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Microspizias","Sangster, Kirwan, Fuchs et al., 2021","Vertebrate Zoology 71 p.419-424",null,null,null,"2025-1168","The genus <em>Microspizias</em> is recognized following Sangster et al. (2021) based on osteological evidence (Olson 2006) and deep genetic divergence from other accipitrine hawks (Mindell et al. 2018). Although placed as sister to <em>Kaupifalco, </em>support for this relationship is unclear and geographical, behavioral, and ecological traits suggest they are best treated as separate genera.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco superciliosus [Linnaeus, 1766]",null,"A new genus for the tiny hawk Accipiter superciliosus and semicollared hawk A. collaris (Aves: Accipitridae), with comments on the generic name for the crested goshawk A. trivirgatus and Sulawesi goshawk A. griseiceps","https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/67501/","Microspizias"],["8453","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Microspizias collaris","(Sclater, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.6 p.148 pl.6","Semicollared Hawk","Semicollared Hawk","Semi-collared Hawk",null,null,"mountains of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela, Ecuador, and southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695568","semhaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semhaw2","avibase-32760AD5",null,null,"'Interior of New Granada = Bogotá, Colombia.","On an undescribed Species of Hawk from New Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/180/mode/1up","Accipiter collaris"],["8454","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Microspizias superciliosus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.128","Tiny Hawk","Tiny Hawk","Tiny Hawk",null,null,"humid to tropical rainforest from northern Honduras and adjacent Belize southeastward to northwestern Colombia, southward to the middle Magdalena Valley, and southward along the Pacific lowlands of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador, in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, the foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the foothills of the Andes in western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, and in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northern Bolivia and eastward in Brazil to the Cerrado (Maranhão, Tocantins, and western Goiás), and the Atlantic Forest (from southern Rio de Janeiro) southward to far northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695565","tinhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tinhaw1","avibase-F23F7695",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/132/mode/1up","Falco superciliosus"],["8455","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Microspizias superciliosus fontainieri","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.810",null,null,null,null,null,"forest and clearings of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from southern Belize (rare) and northern Honduras to northern Costa Rica, and both slopes from southwestern Costa Rica southward to western Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B56D07D",null,null,"no locality. Type from Santa Cruz, Magdalena, Colombia.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Première communication : Perroquets et Rapaces.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/820/mode/1up","Accipiter fontainieri"],["8456","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Microspizias superciliosus superciliosus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"South America east of the Andes to eastern Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC26A6EB",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/132/mode/1up","Falco superciliosus"],["8457","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliastur","Selby, 1840","A catalogue of the generic and sub-generic types of the class Aves, birds, arranged according to the natural system; with separate lists, distinguishing the various quarters of the globe in which they are to be procured p.2,3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco pondicerianus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation = Falco indus Boddaert, 1783",null,null,null,"Haliastur"],["8458","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliastur sphenurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.564","Whistling Kite","Whistling Kite","Whistling Kite",null,null,"New Guinea, Australia (except western deserts, rarely Tasmania), and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695091","whikit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whikit1","avibase-FEDDD1F2",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/588/mode/1up","Milvus sphenurus"],["8459","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliastur indus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.25","Brahminy Kite","Brahminy Kite","Brahminy Kite",null,null,"Pakistan to Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea and satellites, coastal Australia (except south and Tasmania), Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695094","brakit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brakit1","avibase-D89A9DC9",null,null,"Pondicherry, India, ex Daubenton.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/47/mode/1up","Falco Indus"],["8460","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliastur indus indus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian subcontinent and southeastern Asia to southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6160E006",null,null,"Pondicherry, India, ex Daubenton.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/47/mode/1up","Falco Indus"],["8461","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliastur indus intermedius","Blyth, 1865","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC7397DF",null,null,"Java.","A few Identifications and Rectifications of Synonymy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/48/mode/1up","Haliastur intermedius"],["8462","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliastur indus girrenera","(Vieillot, 1822)","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 1 p.31 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea, coastal northern Australia (Shark Bay to central New South Wales coast), and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13AF3F02",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/71/mode/1up","Haliaetus girrenera"],["8463","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliastur indus flavirostris","Condon & Amadon, 1954","Records of the South Australian Museum 11 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-614225EE",null,null,"Bougainville Island.","Taxonomic notes on Australian Hawks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127056#page/242/mode/1up","Haliastur indus flavirostris"],["8464","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco milvus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA4#v=onepage","Milvus"],["8465","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus milvus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89","Red Kite","Red Kite","Red Kite",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland; varied country, farmland, and heath, from southern Sweden eastward to Ukraine and southwestern Russia, and southward to Britain, Iberia, and central Mediterranean Basin, formerly Canary Islands; northern populations migrate to southern Europe and northern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695072","redkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redkit1","avibase-451D6FC8",null,null,"Europe, Asia, Africa; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco Milvus"],["8466","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus milvus milvus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Western Palearctic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E76C8C0",null,null,"Europe, Asia, Africa; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco Milvus"],["8467","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus milvus fasciicauda","Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cabo Verde (Santo Antão, São Vicente, São Nicolau, Santiago, and Brava); probably extinct on São Vicente, São Nicolau, and Brava and possibly extinct on Santo Antão and Santiago as well","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADFE1C17",null,null,"Santo Antão, Cape Verde Islands.","Exhibition of a new form of Kite from the Cape Verde Islands , and remarks on Milvus aegyptius parasitus, Daud..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/127/mode/1up","Milvus milvus fasciicauda"],["8468","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.28","Black Kite","Black Kite",null,"2025-0361","Taxon <em>aegyptius </em>(polytypic, including <em>parasitus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Milvus migrans</em> pending further research. Although the <em>aegyptius </em>complex is morphologically distinctive, mitochondrial DNA data (Johnson et al. 2005; Andreyenkova et al. 2021) do not recover the group as monophyletic, and geographic patterns do not align with currently recognized subspecies. All taxa are retained within a single species until more comprehensive nuclear or genomic data are available.","widespread Old World in lowland to foothill woodland, savanna, grassland, semi-desert, towns, and large urban areas, from northwestern Africa, Cabo Verde, and Europe eastward to western Siberia, Sakhalin, Japan, eastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan, and southward to sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula, India, eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, and Australia; northern populations migrate southward to sub-Saharan Africa, India, and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,"blakit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blakit1","avibase-06D9A2C8",null,null,"Restricted type locality, France, apud Hartert, ex Daubenton, pl. 472.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/50/mode/1up","Falco migrans"],["8469","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans migrans","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Africa and Europe to south-central Asia; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB2E41A1",null,null,"Restricted type locality, France, apud Hartert, ex Daubenton, pl. 472.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/50/mode/1up","Falco migrans"],["8470","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans aegyptius","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt, southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and coastal northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E42A1F43",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/273/mode/1up","Falco oegyptius"],["8471","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans parasitus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and Cabo Verde and Comoro islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52A081B0",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/164/mode/1up","Falco parasitus"],["8472","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans lineatus","(Gray, 1831)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.8 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia to Himalayas, China, and Japan (Hokkaido to Tokara Islands, southern Japan); winters to Iraq and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81AFEE65",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/49/mode/1up","Halioetus lineatus"],["8473","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans govinda","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pakistan and sub-Himalayan Indian Subcontinent to southeastern Asia and western Yunnan in southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F725C4C5",null,null,"Dukhun = Deccan, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/285/mode/1up","Milvus Govinda"],["8474","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans formosanus","Kuroda, 1920","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 31 p.243,245",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China) and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E5C9640",null,null,"Gyochi, Nanto district, Taiwan.","Descriptions of three new forms of birds from Japan and Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38779#page/180/mode/1up","Milvus lineatus formosanus"],["8475","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Milvus migrans affinis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt3 pl.47 fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, Moluccas, Lesser Sundas, New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley regions of Western Australia, and eastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79CF59FF",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales, fide Mathews, antea, p. 171.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/195/mode/1up","Milvus affinis"],["8476","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus","de Savigny, 1809","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 1 pt1 livr.1 p.68,85",null,null,null,"2025-0360","<em>Haliaeetus </em>is split into two genera based on genetic evidence. Mindell et al. (2018) identified two deeply divergent clades based mostly on mitochondrial DNA sequences: a northern <em>Haliaeetus </em>group consisting of the species <em>leucocephalus, albicilla, leucoryphus</em>, and <em>pelagicus</em>; and a southern <em>Icthyophaga </em>group consisting of the species <em>leucogaster, sanfordi, vocifer, vociferoides, humilis</em>, and <em>ichthyaetus</em>. A two-genus arrangement is also supported by genomic DNA data (Catanach et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Haliaeetus nisus [Savigny, 1809]; type by monotypy = Falco albicilla Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/80/mode/1up","Haliaeetus"],["8477","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus leucoryphus","(Pallas, 1771)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 1 p.454","Pallas's Fish Eagle","Pallas's Fish-Eagle","Pallas's Fish-eagle",null,null,"central Asia to India, Myanmar, and south-central China (Sichuan)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695130","pafeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pafeag1","avibase-F3CCFC18",null,null,"lower Ural River.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=4Z1bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA377","Aquila leucorypha"],["8478","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus pelagicus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.343 pl.","Steller's Sea Eagle","Steller's Sea-Eagle","Steller's Sea-eagle",null,null,"breeds coastal regions along western Bering Sea south of Paul’s Bay (Koryakland), and around Sea of Okhotsk; winters southward to Ussuriland, Korean Peninsula, and northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695147","stseag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stseag","avibase-C481FB24",null,null,"Islands between Kamchatka and America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/375/mode/1up","Aquila pelagica"],["8479","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus albicilla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89","White-tailed Eagle","White-tailed Eagle","White-tailed Sea-eagle",null,null,"southwestern Greenland, western Iceland, northern and central Eurasia southward to Greece and Türkiye, southern Caspian Sea, Lake Balkhash, northeastern China, and northern Japan (Hokkaido), formerly to lower Yangtze River and likely Egypt, has bred on Attu Island (western Aleutians, Alaska); winters southward to northern Mediterranean, Israel, Persian Gulf, Pakistan, northern plains of India (rare), northern Myanmar, and southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695137","whteag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whteag","avibase-5A3D91D3",null,null,"Restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco Albicilla"],["8480","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Palearctic, western Iceland, and western Alaska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D334631",null,null,"Restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco Albicilla"],["8481","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus albicilla groenlandicus","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Greenland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A41145DF",null,null,"Greenland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/48/mode/1up","Haliaëtos Groenlandicus"],["8482","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus leucocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.124","Bald Eagle","Bald Eagle","Bald Eagle",null,null,"various forest and woodland habitats near water from northern Alaska, including the Aleutians and northern Canada eastward to eastern Canada to Labrador, and southward across most US to southern California, the Gulf of Mexico coast and southern Florida; winters southward to northern and northwestern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695144","baleag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baleag","avibase-FED3756C",null,null,"Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/128/mode/1up","Falco leucocephalus"],["8483","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis","(Audubon, 1827)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1, no.3 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Aleutians, Alaska, Canada, and northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6589DF58",null,null,"near Henderson, Kentucky, fide Audubon, 1831, Ornith. Biogr., 1, p. 60. Migrant.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/12/","Falco Washingtoniensis"],["8484","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from southern USA to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3E9FEB9",null,null,"Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/128/mode/1up","Falco leucocephalus"],["8485","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga","Lesson, 1843","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 7 col.14",null,null,null,"2025-0360","<em>Haliaeetus </em>is split into two genera based on genetic evidence. Mindell et al. (2018) identified two deeply divergent clades based mostly on mitochondrial DNA sequences: a northern <em>Haliaeetus </em>group consisting of the species <em>leucocephalus, albicilla, leucoryphus</em>, and <em>pelagicus</em>; and a southern <em>Icthyophaga </em>group consisting of the species <em>leucogaster, sanfordi, vocifer, vociferoides, humilis</em>, and <em>ichthyaetus</em>. A two-genus arrangement is also supported by genomic DNA data (Catanach et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ichthyophaga javana [Lesson]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180983#page/17/mode/1up","Icthyophaga"],["8486","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga vocifer","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.65","African Fish Eagle","African Fish-Eagle","African Fish-eagle",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695115","affeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/affeag1","avibase-A19B0CF4",null,null,"Keurboom River, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/79/mode/1up","Falco vocifer"],["8487","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga vociferoides","(des Murs, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.175","Madagascar Fish Eagle","Madagascar Fish-Eagle","Madagascar Fish-eagle",null,null,"locally along coasts, lakes, and rivers of northwestern Madagascar",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695121","mafeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mafeag1","avibase-A877BECE",null,null,"Madagascar.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/183/mode/1up","Halioetus vociferoîdes"],["8488","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga leucogaster","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.257","White-bellied Sea Eagle","White-bellied Sea-Eagle","White-bellied Sea-eagle",null,null,"coasts and islands of southern Asia to Philippines and Australia (also inland in eastern Australia and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695097","wbseag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbseag1","avibase-94383EEF",null,null,"no locality; Java designated by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 427.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/269/mode/1up","Falco leucogaster"],["8489","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga sanfordi","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.1","Sanford's Sea Eagle","Sanford's Sea-Eagle","Sanford's Sea-eagle",null,null,"Solomon Archipelago",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695105","solsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solsee1","avibase-4CD1AF3E",null,null,"Choiseul Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Haliaeetus sanfordi"],["8490","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga ichthyaetus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.136","Grey-headed Fish Eagle","Gray-headed Fish-Eagle","Grey-headed Fish-eagle",null,null,"lowlands of India to southeastern Asia, Borneo, Java, and Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695163","gyhfie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhfie1","avibase-4C057390",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/155/mode/1up","Falco Ichthyaetus"],["8491","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga humilis","(Müller & Schlegel, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie (1845), Zool. Aves p.47 pl.6","Lesser Fish Eagle","Lesser Fish-Eagle","Lesser Fish-eagle",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest-fringed rivers, lakes, and swamps, in southern India, and from northwestern India and Nepal eastward to northern Vietnam and Hainan (southeastern China), and southward through Greater Sundas to Sulawesi and Buru (east-central Indonesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695156","lefeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lefeag1","avibase-B7B03CB8",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/357/mode/1up","Falco (Pandion) humilis"],["8492","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga humilis plumbea","(Jerdon, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"Kashmir to southeastern Asia and Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D128560",null,null,"Northwestern Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/374/mode/1up","Polioaëtus plumbeus"],["8493","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Icthyophaga humilis humilis","(Müller & Schlegel, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie (1845), Zool. Aves p.47 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaya to Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-107E73E6",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/357/mode/1up","Falco (Pandion) humilis"],["8494","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Butastur","Hodgson, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.136 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Circus teesa [Franklin, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/361/mode/1up","Butastur"],["8495","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Butastur liventer","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.74, vol.1 pl.438,text","Rufous-winged Buzzard","Rufous-winged Buzzard","Rufous-winged Buzzard",null,null,"savanna and woodland of southeastern Asia, Java, and Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695721","ruwbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwbuz1","avibase-DAB52BF2",null,null,"Celebes, Sumatra, Java, and India. Type from Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/373/mode/1up","Falco liventer"],["8496","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Butastur rufipennis","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.131","Grasshopper Buzzard","Grasshopper Buzzard","Grasshopper Buzzard",null,null,"savanna and grassland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695714","grabuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grabuz1","avibase-45A1D850",null,null,"Near Khartoum.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/141/mode/1up","Poliornis rufipennis"],["8497","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Butastur indicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.264","Grey-faced Buzzard","Gray-faced Buzzard","Grey-faced Buzzard",null,null,"breeds northeastern China to Amurland and Ussuriland, Japan (Honshu to Yakushima); winters from southern and southeastern China and Taiwan through Indochina and Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas, Philippines, Sulawesi, northern Moluccas and, rarely, on islands off northwestern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695726","gyfbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyfbuz1","avibase-2E1D79FE",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/276/mode/1up","Falco indicus"],["8498","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Butastur teesa","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.115","White-eyed Buzzard","White-eyed Buzzard","White-eyed Buzzard",null,null,"woodland and plains of southeastern Iran to India, southern Tibet, and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695718","whebuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whebuz1","avibase-868CD246",null,null,"Further India; restricted to Ganges-Nerbudda (= Narmada) by Stuart Baker, 1928, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 5, p. 104.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/129/mode/1up","Circus Teesa"],["8499","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Ictinia","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.24",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco plumbeus [J.F. Gmelin, 1788]; type by monotypy = Falco plumbeus J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f30.item","Ictinia"],["8500","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Ictinia plumbea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.283","Plumbeous Kite","Plumbeous Kite","Plumbeous Kite",null,null,"breeds eastern Mexico to northeastern Argentina and all of Brazil; winters throughout South American range",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695069","plukit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plukit1","avibase-5A97BF27",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/295/mode/1up","Falco plumbeus"],["8501","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Ictinia mississippiensis","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.80 pl.25 fig.1","Mississippi Kite","Mississippi Kite","Mississippi Kite",null,null,"breeds southern USA (Arizona to Florida); winters in South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695066","miskit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miskit","avibase-ACFC8EB6",null,null,"below Natchez, Mississippi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/96/mode/1up","Falco misisippiensis"],["8502","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 2 col.143",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco gracilis [Temminck, 1821]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/84/mode/1up","Geranospiza"],["8503","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza caerulescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.318","Crane Hawk","Crane Hawk","Crane Hawk",null,null,"northern Mexico to southern Brazil, Chaco of Paraguay, Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695729","crahaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crahaw","avibase-25266E29",null,null,"South America; restricted to Cayenne by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 114.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/337/mode/1up","Sparvius caerulescens"],["8504","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza caerulescens livens","Bangs & Penard, 1921","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C532ABA5",null,null,"Alamos, southern Sonora.","Descriptions of six new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/113/mode/1up","Geranospiza caerulescens livens"],["8505","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza caerulescens nigra","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique 14 pt2 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE57A754",null,null,"Mexico.","Note sur quelques espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux d'Amérique","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/748/mode/1up","Ischnosceles niger"],["8506","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza caerulescens balzarensis","Sclater, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia, Ecuador, and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FBAAE7A",null,null,"Balzar Mountains, Province of Guayas, Ecuador.","Description of a new Hawks from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/71/mode/1up","Geranospiza niger balzarensis"],["8507","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza caerulescens caerulescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil to eastern Colombia and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB184B10",null,null,"South America; restricted to Cayenne by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 114.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/337/mode/1up","Sparvius caerulescens"],["8508","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.16, vol.1 pl.91,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará and Piauí to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F237DA8D",null,null,"eastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/479/mode/1up","Falco gracilis"],["8509","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes","Peters, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to Chaco of Paraguay, Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FE9B629",null,null,"Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina.","A new Hawk of the genus Geranospiza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/98/mode/1up","Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes"],["8510","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Busarellus","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle 2 p.785",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco nigricollis [Latham]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Busarellus"],["8511","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Busarellus nigricollis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.35","Black-collared Hawk","Black-collared Hawk","Black-collared Hawk",null,null,"freshwater and brackish wetlands, mangrove edges, marshes, ponds, and river islands from the Pacific slope in northwestern Mexico, from Sinaloa, and on the Gulf of Mexico slope from Veracruz, southeastward through Central America; western Venezuela, and northern Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Tolima); east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southwestward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia and southward across the Amazon basin to northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia, and Cerrado of interior Brazil southward to southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695842","blchaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blchaw1","avibase-37148B74",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/57/mode/1up","Falco nigricollis"],["8512","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of central Mexico to Amazonian Brazil and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E98F93A",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/57/mode/1up","Falco nigricollis"],["8513","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Busarellus nigricollis leucocephalus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED2B22B3",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/485/mode/1up","Circus leucocephalus"],["8514","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Helicolestes","Bangs & Penard, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco hamatus [Illiger]; type by original designation = Falco hamatus Temminck, 1821  ",null,"Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/56/mode/1up","Helicolestes"],["8515","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Helicolestes hamatus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.11, vol.1 pl.61,text","Slender-billed Kite","Slender-billed Kite","Slender-billed Kite",null,null,"eastern Panama to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695051","slbkit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbkit1","avibase-58078CCA",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/395/mode/1up","Falco hamatus"],["8516","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rostrhamus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.1 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rostrhamus niger [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy = Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot, 1817",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/93/mode/1up","Rostrhamus"],["8517","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rostrhamus sociabilis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 18 p.318","Snail Kite","Snail Kite","Snail Kite",null,null,"freshwater marshes and wetlands with abundant emergent vegetation, blackwater lakes and slow-flowing rivers from central Florida, US, southward to Cuba and southeastern Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula, and southwestern Mexico (west to Nayarit) eastward to central Panama; in western Venezuela and northern Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena, and in southwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Peru; east of the Andes in northern Venezuela, Trinidad and northern Guianas southward across the Amazon basin, mainly along rivers, eastward to eastern Brazil and southward through Paraguay and Uruguay to eastern Argentina, southward to southern Buenos Aires",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695048","snakit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snakit","avibase-6E4430A8",null,null,"Corrientes, near Río de la Plata, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60150#page/338/mode/1up","Herpetotheres sociabilis"],["8518","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus","Ridgway, 1874","A history of North American birds. Land birds 3 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Florida (southeastern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06E547FB",null,null,"near head of Miami River, Everglades of Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31756#page/222/mode/1up","Rostrhamus sociabilis var. plumbeus"],["8519","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rostrhamus sociabilis levis","Friedmann, 1933","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 46 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9145696A",null,null,"Cuba.","The Cuban race of the Snail Kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107515#page/221/mode/1up","Rostrhamus sociabilis levis"],["8520","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rostrhamus sociabilis major","Nelson & Goldman, 1933","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 46 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico and Petén of northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33367289",null,null,"Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico.","A new subspecies of the Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107515#page/215/mode/1up","Rostrhamus sociabilis major"],["8521","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 18 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras and Nicaragua to Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F04BB402",null,null,"Corrientes, near Río de la Plata, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60150#page/338/mode/1up","Herpetotheres sociabilis"],["8522","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Morphnarchus","Ridgway, 1920","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 72, no.4 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leucopternis princeps [Sclater, PL, 1865]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Diagnoses of some new genera of birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95069#page/136/mode/1up","Morphnarchus"],["8523","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Morphnarchus princeps","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.429 pl.24","Barred Hawk","Barred Hawk","Barred Hawk",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica to Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695754","barhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barhaw1","avibase-C39D115A",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Description of a New Accipitrine Bird from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/503/mode/1up","Leucopternis princeps"],["8524","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Cryptoleucopteryx","Amaral, Sheldon, Gamauf et al., 2009","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53.3 (2009) 703-715.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leucopternis plumbea [Salvin, 1872]; type by original designation",null,"Patterns and processes of diversification in a widespread and ecologically diverse avian group, the buteonine hawks (Aves, Accipitridae).",null,"Cryptoleucopteryx"],["8525","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea","(Salvin, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.7 p.240 pl.8","Plumbeous Hawk","Plumbeous Hawk","Plumbeous Hawk",null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia, Ecuador, and far northwestern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695732","pluhaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pluhaw","avibase-A6775D0C",null,null,"Ecuador.","A further Revision of the Genus Leucopternis, with a Description of a new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/276/mode/1up","Leucopternis plumbea"],["8526","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buteogallus cathartoides [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy = Falco aequinoctialis J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/121/mode/1up","Buteogallus"],["8527","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus schistaceus","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.132,note3","Slate-colored Hawk","Slate-colored Hawk","Slate-colored Hawk",null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela to eastern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695745","slchaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slchaw2","avibase-B2A7EC84",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/142/mode/1up","Asturina schistacea"],["8528","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus anthracinus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.3","Common Black Hawk","Common Black Hawk","Common Black Hawk",null,null,"southwestern USA to St. Vincent (southern Lesser Antilles), Trinidad, and Pacific coast of Colombia, Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735514","comblh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comblh1","avibase-97FDBB06",null,null,"Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/70/mode/1up","Falco anthracinus"],["8529","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus anthracinus anthracinus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA to northern South America, including Cancún, Cozumel, islands in Gulf of Honduras, St. Vincent (southern Lesser Antilles), and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4921A052",null,null,"Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/70/mode/1up","Falco anthracinus"],["8530","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus anthracinus rhizophorae","Monroe, 1963","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 26 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of El Salvador and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7711ECAB",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Valle, Honduras.","Three new subspecies of birds from Honduras.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/18/","Buteogallus subtilis rhizophorae"],["8531","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus anthracinus bangsi","(Swann, 1922)","A synopsis of the Accipitres (etc.). 2nd ed. p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama; Pearl Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0485662",null,null,"San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43722#page/110/mode/1up","Urubitinga anthracina bangsi"],["8532","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis","(Thayer & Bangs, 1905)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 46, no.5 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of Colombia, Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A99AD69E",null,null,"Gorgona Island, Colombia.","Vertebrata of Gorgona Island, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98450#page/112/mode/1up","Urubitinga subtilis"],["8533","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus aequinoctialis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.265","Rufous Crab Hawk","Rufous Crab Hawk","Rufous Crab-hawk",null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Río Orinoco delta) to eastern Brazil (Paraná)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695808","ruchaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruchaw1","avibase-478C48D0",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/277/mode/1up","Falco aequinoctialis"],["8534","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus gundlachii","(Cabanis, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.12, Suppl. p.lxxx","Cuban Black Hawk","Cuban Black Hawk","Cuban Black Hawk",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735287","cubblh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubblh1","avibase-048545EA",null,null,"Cuba.","Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel ; von Letzterem zusammengestellt. Mit Zusätzen und Anmerkungen'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1222/mode/1up","Hypomorphnus Gundlachii"],["8535","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus meridionalis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.36","Savanna Hawk","Savanna Hawk","Savanna Hawk",null,null,"savanna and marshes of western Panama to Brazil and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695832","savhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/savhaw1","avibase-BAA762A5",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/58/mode/1up","Falco meridionalis"],["8536","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus lacernulatus","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.74, vol.1 pl.437,text","White-necked Hawk","White-necked Hawk","White-necked Hawk",null,null,"lowland forest of coastal southeastern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695763","whnhaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnhaw2","avibase-2EA48BBF",null,null,"Brazil. Type from vicinity of Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/365/mode/1up","Falco lacernulatus"],["8537","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus urubitinga","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.265","Great Black Hawk","Great Black Hawk","Great Black Hawk",null,null,"lowlands of northern Mexico to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695827","grbhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbhaw1","avibase-EE908632",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/277/mode/1up","Falco Urubitinga"],["8538","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi","(Gurney, 1884)","A list of the diurnal birds of prey, with references and annotations; also a record of specimens preserved in the Norfolk and Norwich Museum p.77,148",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0972CCDA",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30321#page/97/mode/1up","Urubitinga ridgwayi"],["8539","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama through South America to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6778F49E",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/277/mode/1up","Falco Urubitinga"],["8540","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus coronatus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.237","Chaco Eagle","Chaco Eagle","Crowned Solitary Eagle",null,null,"savanna of southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia to northern Argentina",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695855","croeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/croeag1","avibase-ABDAC20A",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/253/mode/1up","Harpyia coronata"],["8541","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus solitarius","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.264-265","Solitary Eagle","Solitary Eagle","Black Solitary Eagle",null,null,"cloudforest and pine-oak forest to deciduous forest in montane regions from Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico and locally in Sierra Madre Oriental southeastward patchily through montane regions of Central America to western Panama; in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward patchily in the Andes of Colombia, through eastern and southwestern Ecuador to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southeastward through Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (to Catamarca); also in the Guiana Shield in far southern Venezuela, northernmost Brazil, and adjacent Guyana",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695849","soleag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soleag1","avibase-5C9AF2BE",null,null,"Río Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/272/mode/1up","Circaetus solitarius"],["8542","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus solitarius sheffleri","(Van Rossem, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in montane forest of southern Mexico to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-029F2E1A",null,null,"extreme southeastern Sonora, Mexico.","A race of Urubitornis solitaria from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/259/mode/1up","Urubitornis solitarius sheffleri"],["8543","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteogallus solitarius solitarius","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.264-265",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in montane forest of Venezuela to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CBEFC32",null,null,"Río Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/272/mode/1up","Circaetus solitarius"],["8544","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis","Kaup, 1844","Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel p.120",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco magnirostris [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Rupornis"],["8545","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.282","Roadside Hawk","Roadside Hawk","Roadside Hawk",null,null,"varied wooded to open habitats with trees in lowlands to mid-mountains, in northern Mexico southward from Sinaloa in the west and Tamaulipas in the east, and including Isla Holbox and Cozumel (just off Yucatan Peninsula), southward throughout mesic parts of South America to central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695880","roahaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roahaw","avibase-C39CC0F2",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/294/mode/1up","Falco magnirostris"],["8546","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda","(Ridgway, 1874)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 16, pt.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4E6CDA3",null,null,"Mexico. Cotypes from Oaxaca.","Revision of the Falconine genera, Micrastur, Geranospiza and Rupornis, and the Strigine genus, Glaucidium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130707#page/100/mode/1up","Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris var. griseocauda"],["8547","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris conspectus","Peters, 1913","The Auk 30, no.3 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Tabasco and Yucatan Peninsula) to northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98C1476D",null,null,"San Ignacio, Yucatan.","List of birds collected in the territory of Quintana Roo, Mexico, in the winter and spring of 1912.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol30/iss3/3/","Rupornis magnirostris conspecta"],["8548","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris gracilis","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.494 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Holbox and Cozumel (just off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7B40129",null,null,"Cozumel Island [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/108/mode/1up","Rupornis gracilis"],["8549","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris sinushonduri","(Bond, 1936)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"Bonacca and Roatán islands (Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-777A6352",null,null,"Bonacca Island.","Resident Birds of the Bay Islands of Spanish Honduras.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064193","Buteo magnirostris sinus-honduri"],["8550","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris petulans","(Van Rossem, 1935)","The Condor 37, no.4 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CD515A0",null,null,"Lion Hill, Panama.","A New Name for the Large-Billed Hawk of Western Costa Rica and Panama","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol37/iss4/15/","Buteo magnirostris petulans"],["8551","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris alius","Peters & Griscom, 1929","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 11 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (San José and San Miguel) in Gulf of Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D03433F7",null,null,"San Miguel, El Rey, Pearl Islands.","The Central American races of Rupornis magnirostris.",null,"Rupornis magnirostris alia"],["8552","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia and western Ecuador to the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil east of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4C6592B",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/294/mode/1up","Falco magnirostris"],["8553","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris occiduus","Bangs, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River and west of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6E1F172",null,null,"Río Tambopata, Peru.","Descriptions of new American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/217/mode/1up","Rupornis magnirostris occidua"],["8554","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris saturatus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil to Paraguay, Bolivia, and western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D6BCFC3",null,null,"Apolo and Tilotilo, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/445/mode/1up","Asturina saturata"],["8555","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris nattereri","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.132 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (south to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C1E7CC4",null,null,"Vicinity of Bahia, Brazil.","Notes on the Species of the Genus Asturina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/178/mode/1up","Asturina nattereri"],["8556","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris magniplumis","(Bertoni, 1901)","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and adjacent Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A16B8E58",null,null,"Río Mondaih, Paraguay.","Aves nuevas del Paraguay : continuación á Azara : (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) : descripción de las especies nuevas descubiertas por el Autor y contribuciones al estudio de la Avifauna Paraguaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/167/mode/1up","Potamolegus superciliaris magniplumis"],["8557","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Rupornis magnirostris pucherani","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Uruguay and northeastern Argentina (south to Buenos Aires Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28D9FD43",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale. Type from Buenos Aires, Argentina.","[Descriptions d'Oiseaux nouveaux nouvellement découverts par les voyageurs dans divers pays].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/354/mode/1up","Asturina Pucherani"],["8558","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Parabuteo","Ridgway, 1874","A history of North American birds. Land birds 3 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buteo harrisi [Audubon, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31756#page/268/mode/1up","Parabuteo"],["8559","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Parabuteo leucorrhous","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie livr.3 p.91 pl.13","White-rumped Hawk","White-rumped Hawk","White-rumped Hawk",null,null,"forest of Venezuela to northern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695894","whrhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrhaw1","avibase-8C150371",null,null,"'Bresil.' Type from Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127033#page/103/mode/1up","Falco Leucorrhous"],["8560","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Parabuteo unicinctus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.53, vol.1 pl.313","Harris's Hawk","Harris's Hawk","Harris's Hawk",null,null,"arid southwestern USA to Pacific slope of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and to Brazil, southern Argentina, and southern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695838","hrshaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hrshaw","avibase-FBED1927",null,null,"Vicinity of Rio Grande, near Boa Vista, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/491/mode/1up","Falco unicinctus"],["8561","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi","(Audubon, 1837)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.79 pl.392",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to Pacific slope of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85DB5E69",null,null,"Between Bayou Sara and Natchez, Mississippi.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/403/","Buteo harrisi"],["8562","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.53, vol.1 pl.313",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and Venezuela to Brazil, southern Argentina, and southern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25A39F7E",null,null,"Vicinity of Rio Grande, near Boa Vista, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/491/mode/1up","Falco unicinctus"],["8563","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur","Gray, 1849","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.49 p.55 (index)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco poecilonotus [Cuvier]; type by original designation = Falco albicollis Latham, 1790",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/501/mode/1up","Pseudastur"],["8564","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur occidentalis","(Salvin, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.24 p.496","Grey-backed Hawk","Gray-backed Hawk","Grey-backed Hawk",null,null,"montane forest of western Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695789","gybhaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybhaw2","avibase-D0723571",null,null,"western Ecuador.","On some new Species of Birds from Western Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/524/mode/1up","Leucopternis occidentalis"],["8565","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur polionotus","(Kaup, 1847)","Isis von Oken 40, heft 3 col.212","Mantled Hawk","Mantled Hawk","Mantled Hawk",null,null,"tropical forest of eastern Brazil to eastern Uruguay and eastern Paraguay",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695795","manhaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manhaw2","avibase-2C01A6E5",null,null,"'South America.' Type from São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/120/mode/1up","Buteo polionotus"],["8566","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur albicollis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.36","White Hawk","White Hawk","White Hawk",null,null,"tropical forest of southern Mexico to Trinidad, the Guianas, and Amazonian basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695786","whihaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whihaw1","avibase-E35448DE",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/58/mode/1up","Falco albicollis"],["8567","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur albicollis ghiesbreghti","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1845)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.1 pl.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical forest of southern Mexico to Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5B18305",null,null,"'Hacienda Mirador, several leagues from Vera Cruz,' Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/220129#page/5/mode/1up","Buteo ghiesbreghti"],["8568","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur albicollis costaricensis","(Sclater, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras to Panama and western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-942F7C36",null,null,"Carillo, Costa Rica.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Leucopternis from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/214/mode/1up","Leucopternis ghiesbreghti costaricensis"],["8569","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur albicollis williaminae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1950)","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia to far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE21A1CC",null,null,"Quimari, southwestern Bolívar, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Leucopternis albicollis williaminae"],["8570","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Pseudastur albicollis albicollis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Trinidad, the Guianas, and Amazonian basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BF2B820",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/58/mode/1up","Falco albicollis"],["8571","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus","Kaup, 1844","Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel p.122",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco aguia [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy = Spizaetus melanoleucus Vieillot, 1819",null,null,null,"Geranoaetus"],["8572","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus albicaudatus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.477","White-tailed Hawk","White-tailed Hawk","White-tailed Hawk",null,null,"southern Texas and northwestern Mexico to Venezuela eastward to the Guianas, Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire, and southward to southeastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695906","whthaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthaw","avibase-72A83836",null,null,"South America; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/497/mode/1up","Buteo albicaudatus"],["8573","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus albicaudatus hypospodius","(Gurney, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.21 p.73 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas and northwestern Mexico to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16699676",null,null,"Medellin, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/95/mode/1up","Buteo hypospodius"],["8574","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus albicaudatus colonus","(Berlepsch, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and northern and central Venezuela eastward to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon; Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ECD9C1E",null,null,"Island of Curaçao.","Die Vögel der Insel Curaçao nach einer von Herrn cand. theol. Ernst peters daselbst angelegten Sammlung.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/105/mode/1up","Buteo albicaudatus colonus"],["8575","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus albicaudatus albicaudatus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to Bolivia, Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB0F1896",null,null,"South America; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/497/mode/1up","Buteo albicaudatus"],["8576","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus melanoleucus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.57","Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle","Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle","Black-chested Buzzard-eagle",null,null,"open country with rocky outcrops and cliffs, including paramo grasslands, arid scrub, and fields in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perija, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southern Chile and Argentina, in Peru and northern Chile down to sea level, the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward through eastern Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695845","bcbeag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcbeag1","avibase-51405606",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/69/mode/1up","Spizaetus melanoleucus"],["8577","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis","Swann, 1922","A synopsis of the Accipitres (etc.). 2nd ed. p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86733DFB",null,null,"Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43722#page/79/mode/1up","Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis"],["8578","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus melanoleucus melanoleucus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95F05F1D",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/69/mode/1up","Spizaetus melanoleucus"],["8579","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus polyosoma","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie livr.3 p.92 pl.14","Variable Hawk","Variable Hawk","Variable Hawk",null,null,"Colombia to Tierra del Fuego, Juan Fernández Islands (off Chile), and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735520","rebhaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebhaw2","avibase-2AAA7F76",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127033#page/104/mode/1up","Falco polyosoma"],["8580","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus polyosoma polyosoma","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie livr.3 p.92 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7209FDD7",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127033#page/104/mode/1up","Falco polyosoma"],["8581","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus polyosoma exsul","(Salvin, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Juan Fernández Islands (off Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C73A40F",null,null,"Mas-a-fuera Island.","Additional Notes on the Birds of the Islands of Masafuera and Juan Fernandez.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/409/mode/1up","Buteo exsul"],["8582","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus polyosoma poecilochrous","(Gurney, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"high Andes from southern Colombia to southern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B90D4AA",null,null,"Yauayacu, Ecuador.","Note upon Three American Raptorial Birds apparently new to Science.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/208/mode/1up","Buteo poecilochrous"],["8583","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Geranoaetus polyosoma fjeldsai","(Cabot & de Vries, 2009)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 129 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"high Andes from northern Peru to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB74B345",null,null,"Penas, prov. Los Andes, dpto. La Paz, Bolivia (16°14’S, 68°30’W;; 3,850 m). 8 June 1984 by J. Cabot. Habitat: puna with grass tussocks and Lepidophyllum scrub","A new subspecies of Gurney's Hawk Buteo poecilochrous","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182875#page/176/mode/1up","Buteo poecilochrous fjeldsai"],["8584","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leucopternis","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 3 col.210",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco melanops [Temminck]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 3). = Falco melanops Latham, 1790",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/119/mode/1up","Leucopternis"],["8585","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leucopternis semiplumbeus","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.288","Semiplumbeous Hawk","Semiplumbeous Hawk","Semiplumbeous Hawk",null,null,"humid forest of Honduras to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695775","semhaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semhaw","avibase-B4B9A3B4",null,null,"Caribbean slope of the Isthmus of Panama along the line of the railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/308/mode/1up","Leucopternis semiplumbeus"],["8586","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leucopternis melanops","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.37","Black-faced Hawk","Black-faced Hawk","Black-faced Hawk",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Ecuador, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695757","blfhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfhaw1","avibase-95D16974",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/59/mode/1up","Falco melanops"],["8587","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Leucopternis kuhli","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.19","White-browed Hawk","White-browed Hawk","White-browed Hawk",null,null,"rainforest of eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695760","whbhaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbhaw2","avibase-0DDD022A",null,null,"No type locality = Pará, Brazil, designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 69.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/51/mode/1up","Leucopternis Kuhli"],["8588","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Bermuteo","Olson, 2008","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 121 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bermuteo avivorus [Olson, 2008]",null,"A new genus and species of buteonine hawk from Quaternary deposits in Bermuda (Aves: Accipitridae)","https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6482/VZ_372_Bermuteo.pdf","Bermuteo"],["8589","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Bermuteo avivorus","Olson, 2008","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 121, no.1 p.132","Bermuda Hawk","Bermuda Hawk","Bermuda Hawk",null,null,"formerly Bermuda; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62183030","berhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/berhaw1","avibase-99AEACE1",null,null,"Bermuda, Hamilton Parish, Admirals Cave, 32°21'05.6\"N; 64°42'48.6\"W","Olson, Storrs L. \"A new genus and species of buteonine hawk from Quaternary deposits in Bermuda (Aves: Accipitridae).","https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6482/VZ_372_Bermuteo.pdf","Bermuteo avivorus"],["8590","genus","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco buteo [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA4#v=onepage","Buteo"],["8591","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo plagiatus","(Schlegel, 1862)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.1 no.5 Asturinae p.1,2","Grey Hawk","Gray Hawk","Grey Hawk",null,null,"lowlands of southwestern USA to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727773","gryhaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryhaw2","avibase-943AA4FB",null,null,"Vera Cruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/406/mode/1up","Asturina plagiata"],["8592","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo nitidus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.41","Grey-lined Hawk","Gray-lined Hawk","Grey-lined Hawk",null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727766","gryhaw3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryhaw3","avibase-4ECE179D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/63/mode/1up","Falco nitidus"],["8593","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo nitidus blakei","Hellmayr & Conover, 1949","Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History  13, pt.1, no.11 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to northern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C5AB5FA",null,null,"Pozo del Río Grande, Bornea [ = Boruca], Costa Rica.","Publ.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20806#page/176/mode/1up","Buteo nitidus blakei"],["8594","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo nitidus nitidus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and Ecuador to the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C47CC8F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/63/mode/1up","Falco nitidus"],["8595","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo nitidus pallidus","(Todd, 1915)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55B9C966",null,null,"Río Surutu, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of seven apparently new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/210/mode/1up","Asturina nitida pallida"],["8596","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo platypterus","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1273","Broad-winged Hawk","Broad-winged Hawk","Broad-winged Hawk",null,null,"breeds central and southern Canada to southeastern USA; resident in Caribbean; winters to Brazil and Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695891","brwhaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwhaw","avibase-79F3C681",null,null,"Pennsylvania = Schuylkill River, ex Wilson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/381/mode/1up","Sparvius Platypterus"],["8597","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo platypterus platypterus","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1273",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern Canada to southern USA; winters to Brazil and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97A7910F",null,null,"Pennsylvania = Schuylkill River, ex Wilson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/381/mode/1up","Sparvius Platypterus"],["8598","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo platypterus cubanensis","Burns, 1911","Wilson Bulletin 23, no.3-4 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AB2E970",null,null,"Cuba.","A monograph of the Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol23/iss3/2/","Buteo platypterus cubanensis"],["8599","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo platypterus brunnescens","Danforth & Smyth, 1935","The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 19 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4549306E",null,null,"Puerto Rico.","West Indian Birds [Cuba, Virgin Is., Barbuda, St. Kitts].",null,"Buteo platypterus brunnescens"],["8600","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo platypterus insulicola","Riley, 1908","The Auk 25, no.3 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"Antigua (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C97C258",null,null,"Antigua.","Notes on the Broad-winged Hawks of the West Indies, with description of a new form.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol25/iss3/2/","Buteo platypterus insulicola"],["8601","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo platypterus rivierei","Verrill, 1905","Descriptions of three new species of birds from Dominica p.[ ]",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, and St. Lucia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7979AAC1",null,null,"Dominica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/310796#page/5/mode/1up","Buteo (latissimus) rivieri"],["8602","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo platypterus antillarum","Clark, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent and Grenada) to Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22142656",null,null,"St. Vincent.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/80/mode/1up","Buteo antillarum"],["8603","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo ridgwayi","(Cory, 1883)","The Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society 2 p.46","Ridgway's Hawk","Ridgway's Hawk","Ridgway's Hawk",null,null,"lowlands of Hispaniola and satellite islands",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695886","ridhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ridhaw1","avibase-AE294FD9",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32867#page/70/mode/1up","Rupornis ridgwayi"],["8604","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lineatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.268","Red-shouldered Hawk","Red-shouldered Hawk","Red-shouldered Hawk",null,null,"bottomland hardwood, riparian woodland, deciduous swamp forest, and mixed deciduous-coniferous forest from southeasternmost Canada, in southern Quebec, western Ontario, and New Brunswick, southward through eastern US to southern Florida and the Gulf of Mexico coast, westward to central Minnesota, eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, and as non-breeder southward to north-central Mexico; also in the western US from southernmost Oregon southward to central Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695883","reshaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reshaw","avibase-EA4D6C0B",null,null,"Long Island, New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/280/mode/1up","Falco lineatus"],["8605","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lineatus lineatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern North America (southern Canada to central USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A01C8C1",null,null,"Long Island, New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/280/mode/1up","Falco lineatus"],["8606","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lineatus alleni","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.457 p.514",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Texas to South Carolina and northern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2D2E254",null,null,"Tampa, Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/530/mode/1up","Buteo lineatus alleni"],["8607","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lineatus extimus","Bangs, 1920","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Florida and Florida Keys",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38B311C7",null,null,"Cape Florida.","A new Red-shouldered Hawk from the Florida Keys.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42085#page/47/mode/1up","Buteo lineatus extimus"],["8608","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lineatus texanus","Bishop, 1912","The Auk 29, no.2 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas to southeastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDE58D34",null,null,"Corpus Christi, Texas.","An apparently unrecognized race of the Red-shouldered Hawk.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol29/iss2/15/","Buteo lineatus texanus"],["8609","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lineatus elegans","Cassin, 1855","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.7 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Oregon to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5711B3B6",null,null,"California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/304/mode/1up","Buteo elegans"],["8610","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo albonotatus","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 5 col.329","Zone-tailed Hawk","Zone-tailed Hawk","Zone-tailed Hawk",null,null,"arid southwestern USA to northern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695926","zothaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zothaw","avibase-597D7DD6",null,null,"no locality. Type from Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/183/mode/1up","Buteo albonotatus"],["8611","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo solitarius","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.62","Hawaiian Hawk","Hawaiian Hawk","Hawaiian Hawk",null,null,"native and exotic forest and open areas of Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii; prehistorically also on other main islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695929","hawhaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawhaw","avibase-7B3AB998",null,null,"Island of Hawaii.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/82/mode/1up","Buteo solitarius"],["8612","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo albigula","Philippi, 1899","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 103 p.664 pl.6","White-throated Hawk","White-throated Hawk","White-throated Hawk",null,null,"Andes of Venezuela to northwestern Argentina and Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695900","whthaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthaw1","avibase-B7DB09E8",null,null,"Valdivia, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257328#page/10/mode/1up","Buteo albigula"],["8613","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo brachyurus","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.477","Short-tailed Hawk","Short-tailed Hawk","Short-tailed Hawk",null,null,"southern Florida; eastern Mexico to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695897","shthaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shthaw","avibase-81463CC0",null,null,"No type locality = Cayenne, substituted by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 291).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/497/mode/1up","Buteo brachyurus"],["8614","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.369 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Florida; eastern Mexico to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48B089BF",null,null,"Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Description of a New Species of the Genus Buteo from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/444/mode/1up","Buteo fuliginosus"],["8615","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo brachyurus brachyurus","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"northern South America to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D45C9576",null,null,"No type locality = Cayenne, substituted by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 291).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/497/mode/1up","Buteo brachyurus"],["8616","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo galapagoensis","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.9","Galapagos Hawk","Galapagos Hawk","Galapagos Hawk",null,null,"Galapagos",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695909","galhaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galhaw1","avibase-4D9F58B4",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","Observations on the Raptorial Birds in Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/181/mode/1up","Polyborus galapagoensis"],["8617","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo swainsoni","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.3","Swainson's Hawk","Swainson's Hawk","Swainson's Hawk",null,null,"western North America; winters to northern Argentina, southern Brazil, and Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695903","swahaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swahaw","avibase-DE473F42",null,null,"near the Columbia River [= Fort Vancouver, Washington], fide Audubon, 1838, Ornith. Biogr., 4, p. 508.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/15/mode/1up","Buteo Swainsoni"],["8618","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo ventralis","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.10","Rufous-tailed Hawk","Rufous-tailed Hawk","Rufous-tailed Hawk",null,null,"Patagonian forest of southern Chile and Argentina",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695936","ruthaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruthaw1","avibase-40692C15",null,null,"no locality. Type from Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Buteo pictus Philippi, 1899, Anales Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 665, 668- Chile.","Observations on the Raptorial Birds in Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/182/mode/1up","Buteo ventralis"],["8619","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.266","Red-tailed Hawk","Red-tailed Hawk","Red-tailed Hawk",null,null,"Alaska and subarctic Canada through USA, Greater Antilles, and northern Lesser Antilles to western Panama; northern populations winter to south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695933","rethaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rethaw","avibase-536A5157",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/278/mode/1up","Falco jamaicensis"],["8620","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis alascensis","Grinnell, 1909","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"largely resident, southeastern Alaska and coastal British Columbia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAB1F73B",null,null,"Glacier Bay, Alaska.","[The birds of the Alexander expedition to Alaska].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/277/mode/1up","Buteo borealis alascensis"],["8621","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis harlani","(Audubon, 1830)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1, no.18 pl.86",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds interior Alaska to southwestern Yukon and northern British Columbia; winters to Great Plains and Midwest to Gulf coast of US",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-655FD895",null,null,"near St. Francisville, Louisiana, fide Audubon, 1831, Ornith. Biogr., 1, p. 441.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/87/","Falco Harlani"],["8622","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis calurus","Cassin, 1855","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.7 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western North America (west of the Great Plains); winters to Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-449CE9C0",null,null,"Fort Webster, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/304/mode/1up","Buteo calurus"],["8623","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis borealis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds North America (east of the Great Plains); winters to eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1DB9859",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/278/mode/1up","Falco borealis"],["8624","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis suttoni","Dickerman, 1993","The birds of North America no.52 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"resident, southern Sierra de la Laguna region, Baja California Peninsula (Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA67CCFF",null,null,"Cape Region of Baja California","Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)",null,"Buteo jamaicensis suttoni"],["8625","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi","Sutton & Van Tyne, 1935","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.321 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"resident, southeastern Arizona and Texas southward to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C6B1329",null,null,"near Alpine, Brewster County, Texas.","A new Red-tailed Hawk from Texas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56760","Buteo Jamaicensis fuertesi"],["8626","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis fumosus","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBCF62AB",null,null,"Maria Madre Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/21/mode/1up","Buteo borealis fumosus"],["8627","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis socorroensis","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38366AF9",null,null,"Socorro Island [Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/21/mode/1up","Buteo borealis socorroensis"],["8628","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis hadropus","Storer, 1962","The Condor 64, no.1 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-177C7FED",null,null,"Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.","Variations in the Red-tailed Hawks of Southern Mexico and Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol64/iss1/11/","Buteo Jamaicensis hadropus"],["8629","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis kemsiesi","Oberholser, 1959","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83BE8830",null,null,"Tegucigalpa, Honduras.","A new Red-tailed Hawk from Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/173/mode/1up","Buteo Jamaicensis kemsiesi"],["8630","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis","Ridgway, 1874","A history of North American birds. Land birds 3 p.285 (note), 258 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE271427",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31756#page/303/mode/1up","Buteo borealis, var. costaricensis"],["8631","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus","Bangs, 1901","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Florida (USA), Bahamas and Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F94167F8",null,null,"Myakka, Manatee Co., Florida.","On an apparently unnamed race of Buteo borealis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/110/mode/1up","Buteo borealis umbrinus"],["8632","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and northern Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBD2832F",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/278/mode/1up","Falco jamaicensis"],["8633","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo regalis","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 pt1 p.[12] pl.6","Ferruginous Hawk","Ferruginous Hawk","Ferruginous Hawk",null,null,"prairies and plains of southern Canada to northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695970","ferhaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferhaw","avibase-BA9191BC",null,null,"Real del Monte, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/55/mode/1up","Archibuteo regalis"],["8634","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lagopus","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.616","Rough-legged Buzzard","Rough-legged Hawk","Rough-legged Buzzard",null,null,"breeds tundra and grassland of northern Eurasia eastward to Kamchatka, and in Alaska and northern Canada; winters central Eurasia to northern China, Japan, and southern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695973","rolhaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rolhaw","avibase-90B13ACF",null,null,"no locality = Denmark.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B716%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Falco Lagopus"],["8635","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lagopus lagopus","(Pontoppidan, 1763)","Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark (etc.) 1 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra and grassland of northern Eurasia; winters central Eurasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21E7A183",null,null,"no locality = Denmark.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN391287532?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B716%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Falco Lagopus"],["8636","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lagopus menzbieri","Dementiev, 1951","Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soyuza 1 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Asia; winters to central Asia, northern China, and Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3DAA82A",null,null,"Russian Turkistan",null,null,"Buteo lagopus menzbieri"],["8637","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lagopus kamtschatkensis","Dementiev, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kamchatka Peninsula; winters in east-central Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ACBD5D9",null,null,"Kikhchik River, Kamchatka.","Buteo lagopus kamtschatkensis subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0048-0057.pdf#page=7","Buteo lagopus kamschatkensis"],["8638","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo lagopus sanctijohannis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska and northern Canada; winters to southern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3C1D5B9",null,null,"Hudson Strait and Newfoundland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/285/mode/1up","Falco S. Johannis"],["8639","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo auguralis","Salvadori, 1866","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.377","Red-necked Buzzard","Red-necked Buzzard","Red-necked Buzzard",null,null,"sub-Saharan and west-central Africa; disperses to Sahel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695978","renbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renbuz1","avibase-A16C3B99",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/387/mode/1up","Buteo auguralis"],["8640","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo rufofuscus","(Forster, 1798)","F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der Africanischen Vögel mit Anmerkungen von Dr. Johann Reinhold Forster p.59 pl.16","Jackal Buzzard","Jackal Buzzard","Jackal Buzzard",null,null,"savanna of southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695987","jacbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jacbuz1","avibase-22031845",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124756#page/109/mode/1up","Falco rufofuscus"],["8641","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo augur","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.38 pl.16","Augur Buzzard","Augur Buzzard","Augur Buzzard","2025-0363","Taxon <em>archeri </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Buteo augur</em>,<em> </em>as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Sometimes treated as a distinct species, variation in plumage characters suggests it is a rufous color-morph (Clark 2003) or subspecies of <em>B. augur</em> (Clark 1996). Genetic data for <em>archeri </em>are uninformative, being limited to a short section of mitochondrial DNA (Riesing et al. 2003) of uncertain provenance; although aligned with a group that includes <em>augur </em>and <em>rufofuscus</em>, the position of <em>archeri </em>remains poorly resolved.","disjunctly in lowland to montane savanna, grassland, open woodland, forest patches, and desert, from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia southward through East Africa to Zimbabwe, and from southwestern Angola southward to central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732019","augbuz2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/augbuz2","avibase-EBDC03AA",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/118/mode/1up","Falco (Buteo) Augur"],["8642","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo augur archeri","Sclater, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE8B3F6B",null,null,"Waghar, Somaliland.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Buzzard from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/155/mode/1up","Buteo jakal archeri"],["8643","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo augur augur","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.38 pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia to Zimbabwe, Angola, and Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D41EDD2E",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/118/mode/1up","Falco (Buteo) Augur"],["8644","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo oreophilus","Hartert & Neumann, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.31","Mountain Buzzard","Mountain Buzzard","Mountain Buzzard",null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia to Tanzania and Malawi",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728020","moubuz2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moubuz2","avibase-5BFEFD9A",null,null,"Koritscha, Ethiopia.","Ein bisher unverkannter Bussard Buteo oreophilus sp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/43/mode/1up","Buteo oreophilus"],["8645","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo trizonatus","Rudebeck, 1957","South African Animal Life. Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950-1951 4 p.416","Forest Buzzard","Forest Buzzard","Forest Buzzard",null,null,"South Africa (Western Cape and Eastern Cape north to Limpopo)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735392","moubuz3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moubuz3","avibase-C2AD2E83",null,null,"Knysna, Cape Province.",null,null,"Buteo buteo trizonatus"],["8646","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90","Common Buzzard","Common Buzzard","Eurasian Buzzard","2025-0362","Taxon <em>bannermani </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Buteo buteo</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Size-related characters clearly align <em>bannermani </em>with <em>B. buteo</em>, but plumage characters are highly variable and largely uninformative (Kruckenhauser et al. 2004). Conversely, limited mitochondrial DNA data align <em>bannermani </em>with <em>B. rufinus</em> (Clouet &amp; Wink 2000; Kruckenhauser et al. 2004) and there is evidence of genetic introgression within <em>B. buteo</em> and related species (Jowers et al. 2019); further research needed.","breeds western and northern Palearctic including Atlantic islands, eastward to Caucasus and northern Iran; winters to sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61695117","combuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combuz1","avibase-3C0C325D",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hellmayr and Laubmann, 1916, Nomencl. Vögel Bayerns, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco Buteo"],["8647","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo rothschildi","Swann, 1919","A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) (etc.) pt.2 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Azores",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CF8D6AC",null,null,"Terceira, Azores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52249#page/69/mode/1up","Buteo buteo rothschildi"],["8648","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo insularum","Floericke, 1903","Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Reichsbundes für Vogelkunde und Vogelschutz in Wien 3 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67145470",null,null,"Grand Canaria.",null,null,"Buteo insularum"],["8649","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo bannermani","Swann, 1919","A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) (etc.) pt.2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AA3C196",null,null,"St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52249#page/70/mode/1up","Buteo buteo bannermani"],["8650","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo pojana","(Savi, 1831)","Nuovo Giornale dei Letterati 22 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and central, southern Italy",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B46342E",null,null,"Tuscany, Italy.",null,null,"Falco pojana"],["8651","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo buteo","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic including Madeira (except Italy and Mediterranean islands); winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E34D8FF3",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hellmayr and Laubmann, 1916, Nomencl. Vögel Bayerns, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco Buteo"],["8652","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo menetriesi","Bogdanov, 1879","Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoipytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitetie 8 no.4 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Crimea and Caucasus to northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BFDDA69",null,null,"Caucasus.",null,null,"Buteo menetriesi"],["8653","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo buteo vulpinus","(Gloger, 1833)","Das Abändern der Vögel durch Einfluß des Klima's: nach zoologischen, zunächst von den europäischen Landvögeln entnommenen Beobachtungen dargestellt, mit den entsprechenden Erfahrungen bei den europäischen Säugthieren verglichen, und durch Thatsachen aus dem Gebiete der Physiologie, der Physik und der physischen Geographie erläutert p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Palearctic; winters to southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DD02E31",null,null,"Africa. Type from Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106357#page/176/mode/1up","Falco vulpinus"],["8654","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo brachypterus","Hartlaub, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.37 p.11","Madagascar Buzzard","Madagascar Buzzard","Madagascar Buzzard",null,null,"woodland and savanna of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695957","madbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madbuz1","avibase-5CA7B50A",null,null,"Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/21/mode/1up","Buteo brachypterus"],["8655","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo socotraensis","Porter & Kirwan, 2010","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 130, no.2 p.119 [116-131]","Socotra Buzzard","Socotra Buzzard","Socotra Buzzard",null,null,"Socotra (off eastern Somalia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732235","socbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socbuz1","avibase-9081D32C",null,null,"‘Elhe’ (locality not precisely traced), on the Hadibu Plain, in the north of the main island of Socotra, on 28 January 1899 by W. R. Ogilvie-Grant and H. O. Forbes","Studies of Socotran birds VI. The taxonomic status of the Socotra Buzzard","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182902#page/127/mode/1up","Buteo socotraensis"],["8656","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo hemilasius","Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.18 pl.7","Upland Buzzard","Upland Buzzard","Upland Buzzard",null,null,"open steppes and montane slopes of eastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22695967","uplbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uplbuz1","avibase-92FFE8FF",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/28/mode/1up","Buteo hemilasius"],["8657","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo rufinus","(Cretzschmar, 1829)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.40 pl.27","Long-legged Buzzard","Long-legged Buzzard","Long-legged Buzzard",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane steppe, semi-desert, stony plains, and open woodland, from northwestern Mauritania eastward across northern Africa to Egypt, and recently southern Spain and Pantelleria Island (Italy), and from southeastern Europe eastward to Kazakhstan and northwestern China, and southward to Arabian Peninsula, Iran, and northwestern India; eastern populations migrate to northeastern Africa, Middle East, Pakistan, northern plains of India, and Bangladesh",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736562","lolbuz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lolbuz1","avibase-CC65921F",null,null,"upper Nubia, Shendi, Sennar, and Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/252/mode/1up","Falco rufinus"],["8658","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo rufinus rufinus","(Cretzschmar, 1829)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.40 pl.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe to Mongolia and India; winters to Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF7B87A6",null,null,"upper Nubia, Shendi, Sennar, and Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/252/mode/1up","Falco rufinus"],["8659","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo rufinus cirtensis","(Levaillant, 1850)","Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. Atlas Hist.Nat.Ois. Atlas pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania to Egypt and Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B725BDE4",null,null,"No type locality given = Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175182#page/473/mode/1up","Falco cirtensis"],["8660","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo refectus","Portenko, 1935","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 43 p.152","Himalayan Buzzard","Himalayan Buzzard","Himalayan Buzzard",null,null,"breeds from the western Himalayas in Kashmir eastward to montane south-central China (Sichuan and Gansu); winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734099","combuz9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combuz9","avibase-1029A4CA",null,null,"Ju-tschou, Knam = Yushu, Tsinghai, China.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_43_0148-0154.pdf#page=5","Buteo japonicus refectus"],["8661","species","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo japonicus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.16 pl.6,6b","Eastern Buzzard","Eastern Buzzard","Japanese Buzzard",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, open woodland, and wooded urban parks, from Lake Baikal area (southern Siberia) eastward to northeastern China and Sakhalin (Russia), and southward to northern Mongolia and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), including the Ogasawara (Bonin) islands; northern populations migrate to Himalayan foothills from Pakistan eastward to southern China, Korean Peninsula, and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732232","combuz6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combuz6","avibase-3895BE56",null,null,"Japan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/26/mode/1up","Faclo [sic] buteo japonicus"],["8662","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo japonicus burmanicus","Hume, 1875","Stray Feathers 3, no.1, 2 & 3 p.30,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia (Transbaikalia) and northern Mongolia eastward to eastern, northeastern Siberia and northeastern China; winters to southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13776699",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Pegu, Burma. Migrant.","A First List of the Birds of Upper Pegu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/50/mode/1up","Buteo burmanicus"],["8663","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo japonicus japonicus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.16 pl.6,6b",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Japan; winters southern Japan to Taiwan and southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1BD688E",null,null,"Japan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/26/mode/1up","Faclo [sic] buteo japonicus"],["8664","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo japonicus toyoshimai","Momiyama, 1927","Annotationes Ornithologiae Orientalis 1 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Chichijima and Hahajima, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40AA893C",null,null,"Okimura, Coffin Island, Bonin Islands.","Some new and unrecorded Birds from Japanese Territories, I.",null,"Buteo japonicus toyoshimai"],["8665","subspecies","Accipitriformes","Accipitridae","Kites, Old World Vultures, Eagles, and Hawks","Buteo japonicus oshiroi","Kuroda, 1971","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 20, no.89 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Daito Islands (east of central Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan); extinct by 1964",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA95DC7B",null,null,"Minami Minamidaito, Daito islands.","A new race of Buteo buteo from Minamidaito Island, Borodino Islands.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.20.89_125","Buteo buteo oshiroi"],["8666","order","Coliiformes",null,null,"Coliiformes",null,null,"Mousebirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8667","family","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Coliidae",null,null,"Mousebirds","Mousebirds","Mousebirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"coliid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coliid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8668","genus","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius macrourus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 149).",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/5/mode/1up","Urocolius"],["8669","species","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius indicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.370","Red-faced Mousebird","Red-faced Mousebird","Red-faced Mousebird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill wooded savanna, thornscrub, riverine thickets, palm groves and gardens, of southwestern Tanzania and northeastern Zambia, far southeastern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, and from Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to South Africa; locally nomadic in dry season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683796","refmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refmou1","avibase-AB1A85BF",null,null,"India, error = Gamtoos River, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/392/mode/1up","Colius indicus"],["8670","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius indicus mossambicus","(Reichenow, 1896)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to Zambia, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46F8C573",null,null,"Kionga (Deutsch Ost- Afrika) [German East Africa]","Eine östliche Abart des Colius indicus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/20/mode/1up","Colius indicus mossambicus"],["8671","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius indicus lacteifrons","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Namibia and western Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D50F496",null,null,"Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/359/mode/1up","Colius lacteifrons"],["8672","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius indicus pallidus","(Reichenow, 1896)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Tanzania and northeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24248348",null,null,"Kionga, Rovuma River, Tanganyika Territory.","Eine östliche Abart des Colius indicus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/20/mode/1up","Colius indicus pallidus"],["8673","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius indicus transvaalensis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to Zimbabwe, southwestern Zambia, and northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-974B7BC1",null,null,"Pretoria, Transvaal [South Africa]","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/300/mode/1up","Urocolius indicus transvaalensis"],["8674","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius indicus indicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (southern Cape Province eastward to Great Kei River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF1343FA",null,null,"India, error = Gamtoos River, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/392/mode/1up","Colius indicus"],["8675","species","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius macrourus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134","Blue-naped Mousebird","Blue-naped Mousebird","Blue-naped Mousebird",null,null,"lowland and foothill thornscrub, open woodland, savanna, brush along watercourses, and date-palm groves, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to eastern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to northern Nigeria, southern Chad, Rwanda, and central Tanzania; some dry season nomadism",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683792","blnmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnmou1","avibase-E45D9EB2",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius macrourus"],["8676","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius macrourus macrourus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to eastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AED73DB",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius macrourus"],["8677","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius macrourus laeneni","(Niethammer, 1955)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 6 p.56 [29-80]",null,null,null,null,null,"Aïr region of Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FF1EDE0",null,null,"Baguezan, 150 N Agades, Niger","Zur Vogelwelt des Ennedi-Gebirges (Französisch Äquatorial-Afrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/402/mode/1up","Colius macrourus laeneni"],["8678","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius macrourus abyssinicus","Schifter, 1975","Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 79 p.134 [109-182]",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Ethiopia to northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10C06044",null,null,"Dire Daua, Abessinien [=Dire Dawa, Ethiopia]","Unterartgliederung und Verbreitung des Blaunackenmausvogels Urocolius macrourus (Coliiformes, Aves).","https://www.jstor.org/stable/41769555","Urocolius macrourus abyssinicus"],["8679","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius macrourus pulcher","(Neumann, 1900)","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.2 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and southern Somalia to eastern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD50AAE1",null,null,"Teita, Kenya Colony.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/200/mode/1up","Colius macrourus pulcher"],["8680","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius macrourus griseogularis","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Rwanda to Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF83F9D4",null,null,"Central Lake district, Kivu, Lake Albert Edward and northern Tanganyika; type from south shore of Lake Albert Edward.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/295/mode/1up","Urocolius macrurus griseogularis"],["8681","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Urocolius macrourus massaicus","Schifter, 1975","Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 79 p.109-182",null,null,null,null,null,"central to coastal Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5003FE9F",null,null,"Naberera, Massai-Steppe, 100 km S Arusha, Tanzania, 1400 m","Unterartgliederung und Verbreitung des Blaunackenmausvogels Urocolius macrourus (Coliiformes, Aves).","https://www.jstor.org/stable/41769555","Urocolius macrourus massaicus"],["8682","genus","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.36;3, p.304",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Loxia colius [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Loxia colius Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/78/mode/1up","Colius"],["8683","species","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius castanotus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.351","Red-backed Mousebird","Red-backed Mousebird","Red-backed Mousebird",null,null,"euphorbia savanna of Angola; formerly southwestern Gabon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683784","rebmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebmou1","avibase-A7746907",null,null,"No locality, according to Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 17, 1892, p. 343, the type is from Gaboon.","[Descriptions d'Oiseaux nouveaux nouvellement découverts par les voyageurs dans divers pays].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/355/mode/1up","Colius castanotus"],["8684","species","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius leucocephalus","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114","White-headed Mousebird","White-headed Mousebird","White-headed Mousebird",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid thornscrub, and thickets along watercourses, from southeastern Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward to central and southeastern Kenya, and adjacent northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683780","whhmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhmou1","avibase-ADDB3611",null,null,"Kinakomba, on the Tana River.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Colius leucocephalus"],["8685","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius leucocephalus turneri","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kenya (Lake Turkana to Mount Kenya and Isiolo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7D7C3D0",null,null,"North Guaso Nyiro, Kenya Colony.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/295/mode/1up","Colius leucocephalus turneri"],["8686","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius leucocephalus leucocephalus","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern Somalia, Kenya (except north), and far northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D3DF73E",null,null,"Kinakomba, on the Tana River.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Colius leucocephalus"],["8687","species","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius colius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.301","White-backed Mousebird","White-backed Mousebird","White-backed Mousebird",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid and semiarid savanna, brush, thornscrub, and trees along watercourses, of Namibia, southern Botswana, and western and central South Africa (eastward to Eastern Cape and Free State)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683788","whbmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbmou1","avibase-CFDC57C6",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/305/mode/1up","Loxia Colius"],["8688","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius colius damarensis","Reichenow, 1899","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.3 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and southern Botswana southward to northern South Africa (northwestern Northern Cape Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60934D27",null,null,"Damaraland.","[Über einige afrikanische Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/428/mode/1up","Colius colius damarensis"],["8689","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius colius colius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa, from Western Cape Province eastward to Eastern Cape and Free State and north to Gauteng",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25676B97",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/305/mode/1up","Loxia Colius"],["8690","species","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.843","Speckled Mousebird","Speckled Mousebird","Speckled Mousebird",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, thornscrub, wooded savanna, and riparian thickets, from eastern Nigeria eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and southward to western Angola and Tanzania, and from Malawi southward to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683776","spemou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spemou2","avibase-1FDDABDB",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/344/mode/1up","Colius striatus"],["8691","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus nigricollis","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 7 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria (east of Niger River and Jos Plateau) eastward to southwestern Central African Republic and southward to western Angola (Cabinda southward to northern Namibe) and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo; unconfirmed records Ghana (Mole National Park) and Ivory Coast (south of Vavoua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9F93F03",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60105#page/396/mode/1up","Colius nigricollis"],["8692","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus leucophthalmus","Chapin, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.7 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Central African Republic, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CF3A687",null,null,"Niangara, Uelle district, Belgian Congo.","Description of four new birds from the Belgian Congo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4550/","Colius nigricollis leucophthalmus"],["8693","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus leucotis","Rüppell, 1839","Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte 3 p.42 pl.2 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan to western and southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-387F31A3",null,null,"Temben Province, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/52/mode/1up","Colius leucotis"],["8694","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus hilgerti","Zedlitz, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and far northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A2F46DF",null,null,"Harar, Ethiopia.","Einige neue Formen aus Nordost-Afrika (Fortsetzung aus O. M. 1910 Heft I.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/72/mode/1up","Colius striatus hilgerti"],["8695","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus jebelensis","Mearns, 1915","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48, no.2076 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA2267C5",null,null,"Gondokoro, Uganda.","Descriptions of new African birds of the genera Francolinus, Chalcopelia, Cinnyris, Chalcomitra, Anthreptes, Estrilda, Halcyon, Melittophagus and Colius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110977#page/460/mode/1up","Colius striatus jebelensis"],["8696","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus mombassicus","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, coastal eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80241747",null,null,"Changamwe, near Mombassa, Kenya, east Africa,","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/294/mode/1up","Colius striatus mombassicus"],["8697","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus kikuyensis","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya Highlands and nearby northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A500AD04",null,null,"Nairobi, Kenya Colony.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/295/mode/1up","Colius striatus kikuyensis"],["8698","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus cinerascens","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.2 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central, western, and central Tanzania and far northeastern Zambia (at Mbala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B660225A",null,null,"Irangi, Tanganyika Territory.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/200/mode/1up","Colius leucotis cinerascens"],["8699","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus affinis","Shelley, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.11 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A0C24C3",null,null,"Dar es Salaam.","Review of the Species of the Family Coliidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/356/mode/1up","Colius leucotis affinis"],["8700","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus berlepschi","Hartert, 1899","Under the African sun; a description of native races in Uganda, sporting adventures and other experiences app. p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania, northeastern Zambia, and Malawi (except far south)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A53C2CB0",null,null,"New Heligoland (= N'Gabe), north of Lake Nyasa  (lat. 03°08'S, long. 16°10'E), Congo Region",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/70251#page/389/mode/1up","Colius leucotis berlepschi"],["8701","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus kiwuensis","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, Rwanda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C10CC44",null,null,"Lake Kivu.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/207/mode/1up","Colius kiwuensis"],["8702","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus congicus","Reichenow, 1923","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg 40 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kasai Oriental eastward to Lake Tanganyika) southward to northeastern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5A919D5",null,null,"Lupungu, Lomami district, Belgian Congo.","Über eine Vogelsammlung vom oberen Kongo und eine neue Wurgerart von der Insel Nossibé.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39467#page/71/mode/1up","Colius leucotis congicus"],["8703","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus simulans","Clancey, 1979","Durban Museum Novitates 12 p.8-11",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Malawi (southward from Zomba), and central Mozambique (along Zambezi River valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6AF8BF1",null,null,"Nsanje (Port Herald), lower Shire R., southern Malawi. 26 April, 1952. Collector’s name not given on label","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 53. An additional subspecies of Colius striatus Gmelin from southern Malawi.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2224","Colius striatus simulans"],["8704","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus integralis","Clancey, 1957","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique (southward to Delagoa Bay), and northeastern South Africa (northeastern KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-240483D1",null,null,"Vila Luiza, Marracuene, Sul do Save, Southern Portuguese East Africa; sea level","The South African races of the Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus Gmelin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/50/mode/1up","Colius striatus integralis"],["8705","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus rhodesiae","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique (Manica and Sofala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AEECE4F",null,null,"Umtali, Southern Rhodesia.","Description of two new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/101/mode/1up","Colius striatus rhodesiae"],["8706","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus minor","Cabanis, 1876","Journal für Ornithologie 24, no.133 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (most of North West and Limpopo), Eswatini, and far southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22B56FFE",null,null,"Natal.","[Über eine Anzahl neuer westafrikanischer Arten, welche von Herrn Dr. Falkenstein, zu Chinchoncho an der Loangoküste gesammelt sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101769#page/108/mode/1up","Colius minor"],["8707","subspecies","Coliiformes","Coliidae","Mousebirds","Colius striatus striatus","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.843",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (Western Cape Province eastward to Great Kei River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F891CA4E",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/344/mode/1up","Colius striatus"],["8708","order","Leptosomiformes",null,null,"Leptosomiformes",null,null,"Cuckoo-roller",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8709","family","Leptosomiformes","Leptosomidae","Cuckoo-roller","Leptosomidae",null,null,"Cuckoo-roller","Cuckoo-roller","Cuckoo Roller",null,null,null,null,null,null,"leptos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leptos1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8710","genus","Leptosomiformes","Leptosomidae","Cuckoo-roller","Leptosomus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus discolor [Hermann, 1783]; type by monotypy = Cuculus discolor Hermann, 1783",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f34.item","Leptosomus"],["8711","species","Leptosomiformes","Leptosomidae","Cuckoo-roller","Leptosomus discolor","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.186","Cuckoo-roller","Cuckoo-roller","Cuckoo Roller",null,null,"rainforest to deciduous, littoral and gallery forest, spiny bush-forest, and degraded woodland in the Comoros (including Mayotte) and throughout Madagacar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682975","cuckoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cuckoo1","avibase-BCC6CD0D",null,null,"Based on the Vouroudriou of Buffon, Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/206/mode/1up","Cuculus discolor"],["8712","subspecies","Leptosomiformes","Leptosomidae","Cuckoo-roller","Leptosomus discolor gracilis","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro Island (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0BD296A",null,null,"Grand Comoro Island.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/226/mode/1up","Leptosomus gracilis"],["8713","subspecies","Leptosomiformes","Leptosomidae","Cuckoo-roller","Leptosomus discolor intermedius","Hartert & Neumann, 1924","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.1 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Anjouan Island (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C551C880",null,null,"Anjouan Island, Comoro Islands","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/132/mode/1up","Leptosomus discolor intermedius"],["8714","subspecies","Leptosomiformes","Leptosomidae","Cuckoo-roller","Leptosomus discolor discolor","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Mohéli and Mayotte (Comoros), and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ABC69E9",null,null,"Based on the Vouroudriou of Buffon, Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/206/mode/1up","Cuculus discolor"],["8715","order","Trogoniformes",null,null,"Trogoniformes",null,null,"Trogons",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8716","family","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogonidae",null,null,"Trogons","Trogons","Trogons",null,null,null,null,null,null,"trogon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trogon1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8717","genus","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma","Swainson, 1833","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.3, no.24 pl.107,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Trogon narina [Stephens, 1815]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92613#page/107/mode/1up","Apaloderma"],["8718","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma vittatum","Shelley, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.306","Bar-tailed Trogon","Bar-tailed Trogon","Bar-tailed Trogon",null,null,"southeastern Nigeria eastward to Kenya and southward to central Angola and Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682723","battro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/battro1","avibase-2F2CB724",null,null,"Mamboio, Tanganyika Territory.","A second List of Birds recently collected by Sir John Kirk in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/376/mode/1up","Hapaloderma vittatum"],["8719","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma aequatoriale","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.3","Bare-cheeked Trogon","Bare-cheeked Trogon","Bare-cheeked Trogon",null,null,"lowland rainforest of Cameroon, Gabon, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682719","bactro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bactro1","avibase-9FCF19F5",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","New birds from the Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/259/mode/1up","Hapaloderma aequatoriale"],["8720","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma narina","(Stephens, 1815)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.14","Narina Trogon","Narina Trogon","Narina Trogon",null,null,"lowland to montane rainforest, gallery forest, juniper woodland, dense scrub, and wooded savanna, of eastern Senegal and southwestern Mali, and from Sierra Leone eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and in the south from Angola and northeastern Namibia to southern South Africa; some populations undertake altitudinal migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682715","nartro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nartro1","avibase-7FED5700",null,null,"'Country of the Anteniquoi to the river Gamtoos,' i.e. Knysna district, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/44/mode/1up","Trogon Narina"],["8721","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma narina constantia","Sharpe & Ussher, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone, Liberia, and southern Guinea (Mount Nimba) to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5873C01",null,null,"Denkera, Gold Coast Colony.","On Three new Species of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/215/mode/1up","Hapaloderma constantia"],["8722","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma narina brachyurum","Chapin, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.56 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3706F2D1",null,null,"Avakubi, Ituri district, Belgian Congo.","Notes on some birds of tropical Africa, with descriptions of three new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4610/","Apaloderma narina brachyurum"],["8723","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma narina narina","(Stephens, 1815)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia to Angola and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27857B48",null,null,"'Country of the Anteniquoi to the river Gamtoos,' i.e. Knysna district, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/44/mode/1up","Trogon Narina"],["8724","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apaloderma narina littorale","Van Someren, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands from Somalia to KwaZulu-Natal; Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3755C90C",null,null,"Sokoke Forest, Kenya Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/112/mode/1up","Apaloderma narina littoralis"],["8725","genus","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apalharpactes","Bonaparte, 1854","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.4, t.1, pt.3 p.130",null,null,null,"2025-0928","Taxa <em>mackloti </em>and <em>reinwardtii </em>are placed in the genus <em>Apalharpactes</em> rather than <em>Harpactes </em>based mostly on deep genetic divergence in mitochondrial-dominated and genomic DNA data (Hosner et al. 2010; Oliveros et al. 2020). Additionally, phylogenetic relationships among these genera remain unresolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trogon reinwardtii [Temminck, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 136).  ",null,"Conspectus systematis ornithologiae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48136#page/140/mode/1up","Apalharpactes"],["8726","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apalharpactes reinwardtii","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.21, vol.3 pl.124","Javan Trogon","Javan Trogon","Javan Trogon",null,null,"montane forest of western Java",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682824","javtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javtro1","avibase-BE6ABD55",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/617/mode/1up","Trogon reinwardtii"],["8727","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Apalharpactes mackloti","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.336 pl.IV[=VIII] fig.1","Sumatran Trogon","Sumatran Trogon","Sumatran Trogon",null,null,"Barisan Mountains of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730186","sumtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumtro1","avibase-E3007B8C",null,null,"Mt. Singgalang, Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA336#v=onepage&f=false","Trogon Mackloti"],["8728","genus","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes","Swainson, 1833","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.3, no.24 pl.107,text",null,null,null,"2025-0928","Taxa <em>mackloti </em>and <em>reinwardtii </em>are placed in the genus <em>Apalharpactes</em> rather than <em>Harpactes </em>based mostly on deep genetic divergence in mitochondrial-dominated and genomic DNA data (Hosner et al. 2010; Oliveros et al. 2020). Additionally, phylogenetic relationships among these genera remain unresolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trogon malabaricus [Gould, 1834]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 10).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92613#page/107/mode/1up","Harpactes"],["8729","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes oreskios","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.31, vol.3 pl.181","Orange-breasted Trogon","Orange-breasted Trogon","Orange-breasted Trogon",null,null,"lowland to foothill evergreen forest, swamp forest, bamboo tracts, and open woodland, from eastern Myanmar and southern China southward through southeastern Asia to Sumatra, adjacent Nias Island, north-central Borneo, and upland Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682851","orbtro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbtro2","avibase-F663214E",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/605/mode/1up","Trogon oreskios"],["8730","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes oreskios stellae","Deignan, 1941","The Auk 58, no.3 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan), southern Myanmar, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3F0AD9E",null,null,"Chiengdao, northwestern Thailand, January 29, 1932, by H. M. Smith","New Birds from the Indo-Chinese sub-region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol58/iss3/10/","Harpactes oreskios stellae"],["8731","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes oreskios uniformis","(Robinson, 1917)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 7 pt3 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8B286C0",null,null,"male cotype, Lamra, Trang, Siamese Malaya; fem. cotype, Kedah Peak, 2800-3500 feet, Kedah.)","On a collection of birds from Pulau Langkawi and other islands on the north-west coast of the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62946#page/161/mode/1up","Pyrotrogon oreskios uniformis"],["8732","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes oreskios oreskios","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.31, vol.3 pl.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56E9AAB6",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/605/mode/1up","Trogon oreskios"],["8733","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes oreskios dulitensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67C6BBE6",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, 5000 feet, British North Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/516/mode/1up","Harpactes dulitensis"],["8734","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes oreskios nias","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32CE9E9C",null,null,"Hilisimetano, Nias.","Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Part III - Birds from Nias Island.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064295","Harpactes oreskios nias"],["8735","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes duvaucelii","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.49, vol.3 pl.291","Scarlet-rumped Trogon","Scarlet-rumped Trogon","Scarlet-rumped Trogon",null,null,"lowland forest of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682848","scrtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrtro1","avibase-80DFB0BE",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/599/mode/1up","Trogon duvaucelii"],["8736","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes orrhophaeus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.156","Cinnamon-rumped Trogon","Cinnamon-rumped Trogon","Cinnamon-rumped Trogon",null,null,"lowland forest of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682845","cirtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cirtro1","avibase-E5453199",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/162/mode/1up","Pyrotrogon orrhophaeus"],["8737","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes orrhophaeus orrhophaeus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD47D681",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/162/mode/1up","Pyrotrogon orrhophaeus"],["8738","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes orrhophaeus vidua","Ogilvie-Grant, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1302A8F3",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/515/mode/1up","Harpactes vidua"],["8739","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes fasciatus","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.4 pl.5","Malabar Trogon","Malabar Trogon","Malabar Trogon",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill forest, particularly with bamboo, and plantations, of western and eastern Peninsular India, and on Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682830","maltro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maltro1","avibase-FC98A36A",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/10/mode/1up","Trogon fasciatus"],["8740","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes fasciatus malabaricus","(Gould, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.16 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of western and southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56B23381",null,null,"Malabar Coast.","Characters of three New Species of Trogon in the Collection of the Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/38/mode/1up","Trogon Malabaricus"],["8741","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes fasciatus legerli","Koelz, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2987872D",null,null,"Foot of Mahendra Giri, Orissa.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/101/mode/1up","Harpactes fasciatus legerli"],["8742","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes fasciatus fasciatus","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.4 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BF207BF",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/10/mode/1up","Trogon fasciatus"],["8743","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes diardii","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.91, vol.3 pl.541","Diard's Trogon","Diard's Trogon","Diard's Trogon",null,null,"lowland forest of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682836","diatro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diatro1","avibase-ECF71AC7",null,null,"Pontianak district, Borneo and Province of Padang, Sumatra. Plate agrees with Bornean specimens.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/589/mode/1up","Trogon diardii"],["8744","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes diardii sumatranus","Blasius, 1896","Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft und des Naturhistorischen Museums in Lübeck (2) p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and the Lingga Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7869DEED",null,null,"Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100041#page/107/mode/1up","Harpactes diardi sumatranus"],["8745","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes diardii diardii","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.91, vol.3 pl.541",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo; also Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ABB56E9",null,null,"Pontianak district, Borneo and Province of Padang, Sumatra. Plate agrees with Bornean specimens.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/589/mode/1up","Trogon diardii"],["8746","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus","(Gould, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.16 p.25","Red-headed Trogon","Red-headed Trogon","Red-headed Trogon",null,null,"lowland to montane evergreen and broadleaf forest, and bamboo forest, from central Nepal eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward patchily through southeastern Asia to highland Malayan Peninsula and montane Sumatra; some downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682854","rehtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehtro1","avibase-B8B765D8",null,null,"Rangoon.","Characters of three New Species of Trogon in the Collection of the Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/37/mode/1up","Trogon erythrocephalus"],["8747","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus erythrocephalus","(Gould, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.16 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"central Himalayas and northeastern India to Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D13E14E",null,null,"Rangoon.","Characters of three New Species of Trogon in the Collection of the Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/37/mode/1up","Trogon erythrocephalus"],["8748","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus helenae","Mayr, 1941","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.4 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1E638CF",null,null,"Nyetmawhka, 8500 feet, Myitkyina district, upper Burma.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part V.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00647.x","Harpactes erythrocephalus helenae"],["8749","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus yamakanensis","Rickett, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Sichuan, Fujian, and northern Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA117FCF",null,null,"Yamakan, Fohkien.","[Description of a new species of Trogon from Yamakan, Foh-kien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/568/mode/1up","Harpactes yamakanensis"],["8750","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus intermedius","(Kinnear, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Laos, northern Vietnam, and southern China (Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87585329",null,null,"Bao Ha, Tonkin.","Descriptions of new subspecies from Tonkin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/133/mode/1up","Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus intermedius"],["8751","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus annamensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand, southern Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA6459B4",null,null,"Dran, 3000 feet, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/514/mode/1up","Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus annamensis"],["8752","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus klossi","(Robinson, 1915)","Ibis ser.10, vol.3 p.735",null,null,null,null,null,"Banthat Mountains (western Cambodia and far southwestern Thailand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EF5CBAD",null,null,"Koh Chang Island, Siam.","On Birds collected by mr. C. Boden Kloss, F.R.G.S., M.B.O.U., on the Coast and Islands of South-eastern Siam. With Field-Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35484#page/797/mode/1up","Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus klossi"],["8753","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus chaseni","Riley, 1934","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD155F8C",null,null,"Semangko Pass, 2700-4000 feet, Salangor-Pahang boundary, Malay States.","One new genus and three new races of Birds from the Malay region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/135/mode/1up","Harpactes erythrocephalus chaseni"],["8754","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus hainanus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B83BEE83",null,null,"Five-finger Mts., Hainan.","[New species from the Five-finger Mountains, in the interior of Hainan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/59/mode/1up","Harpactes hainanus"],["8755","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes erythrocephalus flagrans","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.338 pl.IV[=VIII] fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1705DE1",null,null,"Mt. Singgalang, Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA338#v=onepage&f=false","Trogon flagrans"],["8756","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes wardi","(Kinnear, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.112","Ward's Trogon","Ward's Trogon","Ward's Trogon",null,null,"mountains of southern China (Yunnan), eastern Bhutan, northern Myanmar, and northwestern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682857","wartro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wartro1","avibase-09E4B98C",null,null,"Seinghku valley, 8000 feet, Burma.","Exhibition of birds obtained by Capt. F. Kingdom-Ward in N. Burma, with description of a new species of Trogon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/150/mode/1up","Pyrotrogon wardi"],["8757","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes ardens","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.68, vol.3 pl.404","Philippine Trogon","Philippine Trogon","Philippine Trogon",null,null,"Philippines (except West Visayas, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682839","phitro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phitro1","avibase-AFED9D54",null,null,"Mindanao,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/595/mode/1up","Trogon ardens"],["8758","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes ardens herberti","Parkes, 1970","Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society 23 p.345-352",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Luzon and Marinduque (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEBD8897",null,null,"Mt. Palanan (at 3000-3400 ft.), west of Sancad, Isabela Prov., Luzon, Philippines","A revision of the Philippine Trogon (Harpates ardens).","https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/NHBSS_023_3m_Parkes_ARevisionOfThePhil.pdf","Harpactes ardens herberti"],["8759","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes ardens luzoniensis","Rand & Rabor, 1952","Natural History Miscellanea no.100 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and central Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC8569D6",null,null,"Dinampan, Bataan Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands","Two new birds from Philippine Islands.",null,"Harpactes ardens luzoniensis"],["8760","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes ardens minor","Manuel, 1958","The Philippine Journal of Science 86 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Polillo (northeastern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA5445E6",null,null,"[Polillo Island]","Resident birds of Polillo Island.",null,"Harpactes ardens minor"],["8761","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes ardens linae","Rand & Rabor, 1959","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.275-277",null,null,null,null,null,"Bohol, Leyte, and Samar (east-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20F0BF5C",null,null,"Sandayong, Sierra Bullones, Bohol. Adult male, collected April 5, 1955, by D. S. Rabor","Three new birds from the Philippine Islands,","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25213#page/8/mode/1up","Harpactes ardens linae"],["8762","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes ardens ardens","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.68, vol.3 pl.404",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao, Dinagat, and Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C15A0C7",null,null,"Mindanao,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/595/mode/1up","Trogon ardens"],["8763","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes whiteheadi","Sharpe, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.395 pl.12","Whitehead's Trogon","Whitehead's Trogon","Whitehead's Trogon",null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682842","whitro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whitro1","avibase-113784EC",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/423/mode/1up","Harpactes whiteheadi"],["8764","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes kasumba","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.282","Red-naped Trogon","Red-naped Trogon","Red-naped Trogon",null,null,"lowland forest of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682833","rentro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rentro1","avibase-D04AAF76",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/314/mode/1up","Trogon Kasumba"],["8765","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes kasumba kasumba","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FF69731",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/314/mode/1up","Trogon Kasumba"],["8766","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Harpactes kasumba impavidus","(Chasen & Kloss, 1931)","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 5 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34BA18A5",null,null,"Bettotan, near Sandakan, British North Borneo.","Five new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328451/em-five-new-malaysian-em-birds","Pyrotrogon fasciatus impavidus"],["8767","genus","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Euptilotis","Gould, 1858","A Monograph of the Trogonidae, or Family of Trogons. 2nd ed. ed.2, pt1 pl.4,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trogon neoxenus [Gould, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/264251#page/10/mode/1up","Euptilotis"],["8768","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Euptilotis neoxenus","(Gould, 1838)","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.10,text","Eared Quetzal","Eared Quetzal","Eared Quetzal",null,null,"montane forest of western Mexico; occasional southeastern Arizona",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682744","earque","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/earque","avibase-83AB5D3D",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/41/mode/1up","Trogon neoxenus"],["8769","genus","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus","de la Llave, 1832","Registro Trimestre 1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pharomachrus mocinno [de la Llave, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Pharomachrus"],["8770","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus mocinno","de la Llave, 1832","Registro Trimestre 1 p.48","Resplendent Quetzal","Resplendent Quetzal","Resplendent Quetzal",null,null,"montane forest of Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) to northern Nicaragua and disjunctly northwestern Costa Rica to west-central Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682727","resque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resque1","avibase-1F414281",null,null,"Guatemala and Chiapas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50901#page/64/mode/1up","Pharomachrus Mocino"],["8771","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno","de la Llave, 1832","Registro Trimestre 1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A0CF02D",null,null,"Guatemala and Chiapas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50901#page/64/mode/1up","Pharomachrus Mocino"],["8772","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis","Cabanis, 1869","Journal für Ornithologie 17, no.101 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFB7CCA0",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Ueber die geographische Verbreitung der Vögel Cosatricas und deren Lebensweise. (Fortsetzung, s. Mai-Heft 1869, S. 195-204).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102837#page/324/mode/1up","Pharomacrus costaricensis"],["8773","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus antisianus","(d'Orbigny, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 text to pl.85, p.1-2","Crested Quetzal","Crested Quetzal","Crested Quetzal",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682732","creque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creque1","avibase-A968CFA7",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","COUROUCOU. TROGON. Linnee","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/241/mode/1up","Trogon Antisianus"],["8774","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus pavoninus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.47, pl.35","Pavonine Quetzal","Pavonine Quetzal","Pavonine Quetzal",null,null,"Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia, eastward to southern Venezuela and central Brazil (east to the east banks of the Rio Negro and Rio Tapajós)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682741","pavque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pavque1","avibase-3CCFE7C8",null,null,"'In sylvis Tabatingae et Marabitannas,' i.e. Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/67/mode/1up","Trogon pavoninus"],["8775","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus fulgidus","(Gould, 1838)","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.9,text","White-tipped Quetzal","White-tipped Quetzal","White-tipped Quetzal",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and humid foothill and cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, from Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682735","whtque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtque1","avibase-A3896AE9",null,null,"Guiana? = northern Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/39/mode/1up","Trogon fulgidus"],["8776","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus fulgidus festatus","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60B98A41",null,null,"Chirua, 7000 feet, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/122/mode/1up","Pharomachrus festatus"],["8777","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus fulgidus fulgidus","(Gould, 1838)","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.9,text",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32F64689",null,null,"Guiana? = northern Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/39/mode/1up","Trogon fulgidus"],["8778","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus auriceps","(Gould, 1842)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.9, no.57 p.238","Golden-headed Quetzal","Golden-headed Quetzal","Golden-headed Quetzal",null,null,"montane cloudforest of easternmost Panama (Cerro Pirre), Sierra de Perijá, and Andes of western Venezuela southward in the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and the western Andes southward to northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682738","gohque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gohque1","avibase-A9525D74",null,null,"'The Cordillerian Andes.'","XXIX. On two new species of Trogon and a new species of Toucan from the Cordillerian Andes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19543#page/258/mode/1up","Trogon (Calurus) auriceps"],["8779","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus auriceps auriceps","(Gould, 1842)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.9, no.57 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre), and Andes from Colombia south, on the west slope, to northwestern Peru (Cajamarca), and on the east slope southward to Bolivia (south to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5215A34",null,null,"'The Cordillerian Andes.'","XXIX. On two new species of Trogon and a new species of Toucan from the Cordillerian Andes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19543#page/258/mode/1up","Trogon (Calurus) auriceps"],["8780","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Pharomachrus auriceps hargitti","(Oustalet, 1891)","Le Naturaliste (2), 13 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border) and Andes of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69B59078",null,null,"Interior of Venezuela.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux appartenant aux familles des Paradiseidae et des Trogonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28963#page/267/mode/1up","Trogon Hargitti"],["8781","genus","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Priotelus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.10",null,null,null,"2025-0929","Taxon <em>roseigaster </em>is placed in the genus <em>Priotelus </em>rather than <em>Temnotrogon </em>based on available evidence. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Moyle 2005; Hosner et al. 2010) recovered <em>P. roseigaster </em>and <em>P. temnurus </em>as deeply diverged sister taxa with strong support. Although they also differ substantially in plumage and vocalizations, we consider it more informative to recognize a single genus with two species, an arrangement supported by biogeography and deep genetic intra-generic divergences being typical in trogons.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trogon temnurus [Temminck, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/24/mode/1up","Priotelus"],["8782","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Priotelus roseigaster","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.314","Hispaniolan Trogon","Hispaniolan Trogon","Hispaniolan Trogon","2025-0929","Taxon <em>roseigaster </em>is placed in the genus <em>Priotelus </em>rather than <em>Temnotrogon </em>based on available evidence. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Moyle 2005; Hosner et al. 2010) recovered <em>P. roseigaster </em>and <em>P. temnurus </em>as deeply diverged sister taxa with strong support. Although they also differ substantially in plumage and vocalizations, we consider it more informative to recognize a single genus with two species, an arrangement supported by biogeography and deep genetic intra-generic divergences being typical in trogons.","montane forest of Hispaniola; locally in coastal mangroves",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682751","histro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/histro1","avibase-D0BAA2BA",null,null,"Santo Domingo and Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/338/mode/1up","Trogon roseigaster"],["8783","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Priotelus temnurus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.55, vol.3 pl.326","Cuban Trogon","Cuban Trogon","Cuban Trogon",null,null,"wooded habitats in lowlands to hills of Cuba and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682748","cubtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubtro1","avibase-0FB04758",null,null,"Havana, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/621/mode/1up","Trogon temnurus"],["8784","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Priotelus temnurus temnurus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.55, vol.3 pl.326",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CF73411",null,null,"Havana, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/621/mode/1up","Trogon temnurus"],["8785","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Priotelus temnurus vescus","(Bangs & Zappey, 1905)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 39 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1B91B90",null,null,"Almacigos, Isle of Pines.","Birds of the Isle of Pines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135768#page/231/mode/1up","Prionotelus temnurus vescus"],["8786","genus","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.42;4, p.164",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trogon viridis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Trogon viridis Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/84/mode/1up","Trogon"],["8787","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon tenellus","Cabanis, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.57 p.173","Graceful Black-throated Trogon","Graceful Black-throated Trogon",null,"2025-0927","<em>Trogon rufus </em>is split into four species based largely on the integrative study of plumage, morphometrics, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA data by Dickens et al. (2021): a monotypic <em>T. tenellus</em>; a monotypic <em>T. cupreicauda</em>; a polytypic<em> T. rufus</em> (including <em>amazonicus </em>and <em>sulphureus</em>); and a polytypic <em>T. chrysochloros</em> (including newly described <em>muriciensis</em>). Although mitochondrial DNA data support placement of <em>muriciensis </em>in<em> T. chrysochloros,</em> some vocal and plumage traits suggest its affinities may lie elsewhere within this complex or warrant recognition as a full species, as proposed by Dickens et al. (2021); further research needed.","northern Honduras to far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,"bkttro7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkttro7","avibase-A70C6C93",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Juli-Heft 1861, S. 241-256.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/195/mode/1up","Trogon tenellus"],["8788","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon cupreicauda","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.606","Choco Black-throated Trogon","Choco Black-throated Trogon",null,"2025-0927","<em>Trogon rufus </em>is split into four species based largely on the integrative study of plumage, morphometrics, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA data by Dickens et al. (2021): a monotypic <em>T. tenellus</em>; a monotypic <em>T. cupreicauda</em>; a polytypic<em> T. rufus</em> (including <em>amazonicus </em>and <em>sulphureus</em>); and a polytypic <em>T. chrysochloros</em> (including newly described <em>muriciensis</em>). Although mitochondrial DNA data support placement of <em>muriciensis </em>in<em> T. chrysochloros,</em> some vocal and plumage traits suggest its affinities may lie elsewhere within this complex or warrant recognition as a full species, as proposed by Dickens et al. (2021); further research needed.","tropical western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,"bkttro5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkttro5","avibase-525CCA55",null,null,"Bagado, 1000 feet, Chocó, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Trogonurus curucui cupreicauda"],["8789","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon chrysochloros","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.496,505","Atlantic Black-throated Trogon","Atlantic Black-throated Trogon",null,"2025-0927","<em>Trogon rufus </em>is split into four species based largely on the integrative study of plumage, morphometrics, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA data by Dickens et al. (2021): a monotypic <em>T. tenellus</em>; a monotypic <em>T. cupreicauda</em>; a polytypic<em> T. rufus</em> (including <em>amazonicus </em>and <em>sulphureus</em>); and a polytypic <em>T. chrysochloros</em> (including newly described <em>muriciensis</em>). Although mitochondrial DNA data support placement of <em>muriciensis </em>in<em> T. chrysochloros,</em> some vocal and plumage traits suggest its affinities may lie elsewhere within this complex or warrant recognition as a full species, as proposed by Dickens et al. (2021); further research needed.","humid forest in the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil in Alagoas, and from central Bahia southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,"bkttro4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkttro4","avibase-93C2E7E6",null,null,"Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/604/mode/1up","Trogon chrysochloros"],["8790","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon chrysochloros muriciensis","Dickens, Bitton, Bravo & Silveira, 2021","Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193(2) p.527 [499-540]",null,null,null,"2025-0927","<em>Trogon rufus </em>is split into four species based largely on the integrative study of plumage, morphometrics, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA data by Dickens et al. (2021): a monotypic <em>T. tenellus</em>; a monotypic <em>T. cupreicauda</em>; a polytypic<em> T. rufus</em> (including <em>amazonicus </em>and <em>sulphureus</em>); and a polytypic <em>T. chrysochloros</em> (including newly described <em>muriciensis</em>). Although mitochondrial DNA data support placement of <em>muriciensis </em>in<em> T. chrysochloros,</em> some vocal and plumage traits suggest its affinities may lie elsewhere within this complex or warrant recognition as a full species, as proposed by Dickens et al. (2021); further research needed.","Alagoas, Brazil (Murici forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-379A366E",null,null,"Voice-recorded and collected in the montane forest of the Estação Ecológica de Murici, Alagoas, Brazil (090 12’46’’S/350 52’37’’W, 583 m a.s.l.) by Luís Fábio Silveira on 05.x.2019.","Species limits, patterns of secondary contact and a new species in the Trogon rufus complex (Aves: Trogonidae)","https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/193/2/499/6161254?redirectedFrom=fulltext","Trogon muriciensis"],["8791","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon chrysochloros chrysochloros","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.496,505",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C39B655",null,null,"Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/604/mode/1up","Trogon chrysochloros"],["8792","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon rufus","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.404","Amazonian Black-throated Trogon","Amazonian Black-throated Trogon",null,"2025-0927","<em>Trogon rufus </em>is split into four species based largely on the integrative study of plumage, morphometrics, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA data by Dickens et al. (2021): a monotypic <em>T. tenellus</em>; a monotypic <em>T. cupreicauda</em>; a polytypic<em> T. rufus</em> (including <em>amazonicus </em>and <em>sulphureus</em>); and a polytypic <em>T. chrysochloros</em> (including newly described <em>muriciensis</em>). Although mitochondrial DNA data support placement of <em>muriciensis </em>in<em> T. chrysochloros,</em> some vocal and plumage traits suggest its affinities may lie elsewhere within this complex or warrant recognition as a full species, as proposed by Dickens et al. (2021); further research needed.","forest of lowlands to hills of Amazonia and the Guianas, from eastern Ecuador eastward to French Guiana and Maranhão, southward to northern Bolivia and northern Mato Grosso (south-central Brazil)",null,null,null,"bkttro6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkttro6","avibase-3687A50D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/416/mode/1up","Trogon rufus"],["8793","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon rufus rufus","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (Rio Negro region to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92313DB2",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/416/mode/1up","Trogon rufus"],["8794","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon rufus sulphureus","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.48, pl.38, f.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia eastward to southern Venezuela, southward through northern Bolivia and western Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B113E0F1",null,null,"Tabatinga, Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/68/mode/1up","Trogon sulphureus"],["8795","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon rufus amazonicus","Todd, 1943","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 56 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela and north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81331E2F",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Trogons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/31/mode/1up","Trogon rufus amazonicus"],["8796","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon elegans","Gould, 1834","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.16 p.26","Elegant Trogon","Elegant Trogon","Elegant Trogon","2025-0930","Taxon <em>ambiguus </em>(polytypic, including <em>canescens</em> and <em>goldmani</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Trogon elegans</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations, supported by modest mitochondrial DNA divergence (DaCosta &amp; Klicka 2008). Further research, including a formal bioacoustic analysis, is needed to confirm this split.","dry forest, woodland, and scrub from southeastern Guatemala eastward to northern Honduras and southward across El Salvador and western Nicaragua to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726830","eletro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eletro2","avibase-C5BEA9D9",null,null,"'Guatemala in Mexico' = Guatemala.","Characters of three New Species of Trogon in the Collection of the Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/38/mode/1up","Trogon elegans"],["8797","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon elegans elegans","Gould, 1834","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.16 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Guatemala (Motagua Valley), El Salvador, and southwestern and central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02D245A4",null,null,"'Guatemala in Mexico' = Guatemala.","Characters of three New Species of Trogon in the Collection of the Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/38/mode/1up","Trogon elegans"],["8798","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon elegans lubricus","Peters, 1945","Check-list of birds of the world 5 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Honduras, Nicaragua, and northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEE8D567",null,null,"Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50583#page/170/mode/1up","Trogon elegans lubricus"],["8799","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon ambiguus","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.30","Coppery-tailed Trogon","Coppery-tailed Trogon","Coppery-tailed Trogon","2025-0930","Taxon <em>ambiguus </em>(polytypic, including <em>canescens</em> and <em>goldmani</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Trogon elegans</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations, supported by modest mitochondrial DNA divergence (DaCosta &amp; Klicka 2008). Further research, including a formal bioacoustic analysis, is needed to confirm this split.","oak-pine woodland of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico to northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa), Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico), and northern Nuevo León and central Tamaulipas westward to Nayarit and southward to Oaxaca (eastern to southern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726838","eletro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eletro1","avibase-CD220856",null,null,"Northern Mexico.","Characters of several New Species of Trogon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/208/mode/1up","Trogon ambiguus"],["8800","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon ambiguus canescens","Van Rossem, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine woodland of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico to northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B3C8D0C",null,null,"San Javier, Sonora.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. C. A systematic report on the Brewster collection of Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/487/mode/1up","Trogon elegans canescens"],["8801","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon ambiguus ambiguus","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nuevo León and central Tamaulipas westward to Nayarit and southward to Oaxaca (eastern to southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E5D12DD",null,null,"Northern Mexico.","Characters of several New Species of Trogon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/208/mode/1up","Trogon ambiguus"],["8802","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon ambiguus goldmani","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82B514E9",null,null,"Maria Madre Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/22/mode/1up","Trogon ambiguus goldmani"],["8803","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon mexicanus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440","Mountain Trogon","Mountain Trogon","Mountain Trogon",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Sonora and western Chihuahua on Pacific slope, and central Nuevo León on Caribbean slope, thence southward through transvolcanic belt of Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula) through Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682791","moutro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moutro1","avibase-5792B7B2",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Trogon Mexicanus"],["8804","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon mexicanus clarus","Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northwestern Mexico (southern Chihuahua, eastern Sinaloa, and Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003DF634",null,null,"Pinos Altos, Chihuahua, Mexico","New Birds from Honduras and Mexico.",null,"Trogon mexicanus clarus"],["8805","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon mexicanus mexicanus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western, eastern, and southern Mexico southward to Honduras and northern El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C192A6DF",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Trogon Mexicanus"],["8806","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus","Gould, 1842","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.9, no.57 p.237","Masked Trogon","Masked Trogon","Masked Trogon",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela, Sierra del Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia through Ecuador to northern Peru, and along the eastern Andes of Peru southeastward to southern Bolivia, southward to Chuquisaca; also in the tepuis of southern and eastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana and northernmost Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682807","mastro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mastro1","avibase-DEF06688",null,null,"'The Cordillerian Andes' = Bogotá by designation of Chapman, antea, 1926, p 331.","XXIX. On two new species of Trogon and a new species of Toucan from the Cordillerian Andes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19543#page/257/mode/1up","Trogon personata"],["8807","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus sanctaemartae","Zimmer, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1380 p.1-56",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB11BC0D",null,null,"Valparaiso, Santa Marta, Colombia","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 53, The family Trogonidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4380/","Trogon personatus sanctaemartae"],["8808","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus ptaritepui","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.1-22",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F36B6A84",null,null,"Kabanayén, near Mt. Ptari-Tepui, Gran Sabana, State of Bolívar, Venezuela, alt. 1200 m","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Trogon personatus ptaritepui"],["8809","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A18A3E4",null,null,"Mt. Duida, 2250 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Trogon personatus duidae"],["8810","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus roraimae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Auyan-tepui and Mount Roraima (Venezuela/Guyana border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-980AF33B",null,null,"Rondon Camp, 6800 feet, Mt. Roraima, Venezuela","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Trogonurus personatus roraimae"],["8811","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus personatus","Gould, 1842","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.9, no.57 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of western Venezuela, eastern Colombia, and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0658FCE8",null,null,"'The Cordillerian Andes' = Bogotá by designation of Chapman, antea, 1926, p 331.","XXIX. On two new species of Trogon and a new species of Toucan from the Cordillerian Andes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19543#page/257/mode/1up","Trogon personata"],["8812","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus assimilis","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.162 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB893B74",null,null,"Peru.","Descriptions of six new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/435/mode/1up","Trogon assimilis"],["8813","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus temperatus","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6C57FFA",null,null,"Laguneta, 10300 feet, Central Andes, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Trogonurus temperatus"],["8814","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus heliothrix","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25BE2AAC",null,null,"Peru","Nachträgliche Bemerkungen zu den Beiträgen zur Fauna Norwegens","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/308/mode/1up","Tr[ogon] heliothrix"],["8815","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon personatus submontanus","Todd, 1943","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 56 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BD6E4D6",null,null,"Samaipata, Bolivia.","Critical remarks on the Trogons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/28/mode/1up","Trogon temperatus submontanus"],["8816","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.320","Collared Trogon","Collared Trogon","Collared Trogon",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest in the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes of Mexico from eastern San Luis Potosí and central Guerrero southeastward across Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to northern Nicaragua, and in foothill areas of Costa Rica and adjacent southern Nicaragua southeastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; in South America in foothills of the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to the Paría Peninsula, in Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of western Venezuela southwestward along the Andes of Colombia to the humid lowlands of western Ecuador; east of the Andes in the Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield from southern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas southwestward to eastern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia, southward to western Santa Cruz, and in the entire Amazon of Brazil northeastward to Amapá, southward to southern Mato Grosso, and eastward to eastern Para; also in the Atlantic Forest of central-eastern Brazil in Bahia and Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61692251","coltro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coltro1","avibase-A1458984",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/344/mode/1up","Trogon collaris"],["8817","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris puella","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.145 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical central Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AF9F9FA",null,null,"Escuintla, South America.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Trogon, from South America, and seven new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/232/mode/1up","Trogon puella"],["8818","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris underwoodi","Bangs, 1908","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E9BC5AC",null,null,"Volcán de Miravalles, Costa Rica.","On certain Costa Rican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/38/mode/1up","Trogon underwoodi"],["8819","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris aurantiiventris","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.307 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central and southern Costa Rica to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E8CE0DA",null,null,"Near David, Panamd.","Description of a New Trogon and a New Odontophorus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/143/mode/1up","Trogon aurantiiventris"],["8820","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris extimus","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AA53BFE",null,null,"Cana, Darien, eastern Panama.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/248/mode/1up","Trogon collaris extimus"],["8821","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris heothinus","Wetmore, 1967","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BFBFB3F",null,null,"north fork of the Río Pucro, 2000 m. elev. on Cerra Tacarcuna, Darien, Panama","Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107570#page/278/mode/1up","Trogon collaris hoethinus"],["8822","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris virginalis","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia and western Ecuador (south to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CD22B05",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/179/mode/1up","Trogon virginalis"],["8823","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris subtropicalis","Zimmer, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1380 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-197C34FC",null,null,"Andalucia, west side of Eastern Andes, Colombia","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 53, The family Trogonidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4380/","Trogon collaris subtropicalis"],["8824","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris exoptatus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AFFB539",null,null,"Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/185/mode/1up","Trogon exoptatus"],["8825","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris collaris","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"western and north-central South America north of the Amazon River, from Colombia eastward to the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6924836C",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/344/mode/1up","Trogon collaris"],["8826","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon collaris castaneus","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.48, pl.37",null,null,null,null,null,"central South America south of the Amazon River, from Peru and Bolivia eastward to Pará; and eastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5F37A77",null,null,"in sylvis tabatingae [=in the forests of Tabatinga]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/68/mode/1up","Trogon castaneus"],["8827","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon clathratus","Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.75","Lattice-tailed Trogon","Lattice-tailed Trogon","Lattice-tailed Trogon",null,null,"Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682768","lattro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lattro1","avibase-9DFCC417",null,null,"Santa Fé de Veragua, Panamd.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/113/mode/1up","Trogon clathratus"],["8828","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon comptus","Zimmer, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1380 p.42","Choco Trogon","Blue-tailed Trogon","Choco Trogon",null,null,"humid forest of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682771","buttro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buttro1","avibase-8E5824B0",null,null,"Bahia de Malaga, Magdalena, Colombia","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 53, The family Trogonidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4380/","Trogon comptus"],["8829","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon melanurus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.329,text","Black-tailed Trogon","Black-tailed Trogon","Black-tailed Trogon",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands and hills from central Panama through far northern to southwestern Colombia, and east of the Andes from eastern Colombia through the Guianas and Amazonia to Maranhão, in the south to central Bolivia and Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736251","blttro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blttro1","avibase-2CC8DFAA",null,null,"Demerara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/341/mode/1up","Trogon melanurus"],["8830","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon melanurus macroura","Gould, 1838","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.4,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Canal Zone) to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-929662B7",null,null,"No type locality, Río Atrato, Colombia, designated by Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 332, note a.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/31/mode/1up","Trogon macroura"],["8831","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon melanurus eumorphus","Zimmer, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1380 p.1-56",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF312EA3",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 53, The family Trogonidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4380/","Trogon melanurus eumorphus"],["8832","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon melanurus melanurus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.329,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and eastern Brazil southward to Maranhão",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44DA69CC",null,null,"Demerara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/341/mode/1up","Trogon melanurus"],["8833","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon mesurus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.202","Ecuadorian Trogon","Ecuadorian Trogon","Ecuadorian Trogon",null,null,"western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736256","bkttro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkttro2","avibase-4A2E1DFB",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/208/mode/1up","Troctes mesurus"],["8834","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon massena","Gould, 1838","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.4,text","Slaty-tailed Trogon","Slaty-tailed Trogon","Slaty-tailed Trogon",null,null,"humid forest in the Caribbean slope from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca east and southward in Central America to eastern Panama; also in the Pacific lowlands of southeastern Nicaragua southeastward across Costa Rica to Panama in the Azuero Peninsula; in South America only west of the Andes in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia southward to northernmost Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682760","slttro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slttro1","avibase-E676EACD",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/29/mode/1up","Trogon massena"],["8835","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon massena massena","Gould, 1838","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.4,text",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowland forest of southeastern Mexico to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1CDDFE3",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/29/mode/1up","Trogon massena"],["8836","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon massena hoffmanni","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and Panama to far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4100ECC",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/210/mode/1up","Troctes Hoffmanni"],["8837","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon massena australis","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Pacific Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-532DAD16",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Curucujus massena australis"],["8838","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon melanocephalus","Gould, 1836","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt2 pl.6,text","Black-headed Trogon","Black-headed Trogon","Black-headed Trogon",null,null,"southeastern Mexico to northern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682788","blhtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhtro1","avibase-9EE5B7C0",null,null,"State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215891#page/15/mode/1up","Trogon melanocephala"],["8839","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon citreolus","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.30","Citreoline Trogon","Citreoline Trogon","Citreoline Trogon",null,null,"semiarid woodland of lowlands of Pacific slope of western Mexico from central Sinaloa to western Chiapas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682785","cittro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cittro1","avibase-48014ECD",null,null,"No type locality = Mexico.","Characters of several New Species of Trogon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/208/mode/1up","Trogon citreolus"],["8840","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon citreolus citreolus","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Mexico (Sinaloa to western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C44D7BE1",null,null,"No type locality = Mexico.","Characters of several New Species of Trogon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/208/mode/1up","Trogon citreolus"],["8841","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon citreolus sumichrasti","Brodkorb, 1942","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (central Oaxaca to Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5773785",null,null,"Arriaga, 56 metres, Chiapas.","A new subspecies of Trogon citreolus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/201/mode/1up","Trogon citreolus sumichrasti"],["8842","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon viridis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.167","Green-backed Trogon","Green-backed Trogon","Green-backed Trogon",null,null,"east of the Andes from Colombia southward to Peru and Bolivia, and eastward to Trinidad, the Guianas, and eastern Brazil (to Maranhão and Mato Grosso; also Alagoas, and from Bahia southward to São Paulo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736238","gnbtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbtro1","avibase-BA2F0BFD",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/171/mode/1up","Trogon viridis"],["8843","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon bairdii","Lawrence, 1868","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.119","Baird's Trogon","Baird's Trogon","Baird's Trogon",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682776","baitro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baitro1","avibase-8FEE6F95",null,null,"San Mateo, Costa Rica.","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/135/mode/1up","Trogon bairdii"],["8844","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon chionurus","Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.843","White-tailed Trogon","White-tailed Trogon","White-tailed Trogon",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736244","whttro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttro1","avibase-D2C4BCF9",null,null,"Panama, i.e. Lion Hill, Canal Zone.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/975/mode/1up","Trogon chionurus"],["8845","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon caligatus","Gould, 1838","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.6,text","Gartered Trogon","Gartered Violaceous Trogon",null,"2025-0932","<em>Trogon violaceus</em> is split into three species, based in large part on the mitochondrial DNA data of DaCosta &amp; Klicka (2008) that recovered the complex as non-monophyletic, with <em>T. curucui </em>and <em>T. surrucura </em>embedded within it: polytypic<em> T. caligatus</em> (including <em>sallaei </em>and <em>concinnus</em>); monotypic <em>T. violaceus </em>(sister to <em>T. curucui</em>); and polytypic <em>T. ramonianus</em> (including <em>crissalis</em>). Vocalizations reportedly also differ between the three groups but a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking.","humid to semi-humid forest of the Gulf of Mexico slope from southern Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosí and the Pacific slope from eastern Oaxaca southeastward across Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to eastern Panama; in South America in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, including the foothills of the Venezuelan Andes, southward in the Magdalena Valley (to Cundinamarca); west of the Andes in the lowland of western Colombia southward across Ecuador to northwesternmost Peru",null,null,null,"gartro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gartro1","avibase-94E42A23",null,null,"No type locality, but plate agrees with specimens from the Magdalena Valley, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/23/mode/1up","Trogon caligatus"],["8846","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon caligatus sallaei","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42, no.20 p.955, note",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9842AD36",null,null,"Vera Cruz.","Note sur les Tableaux des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/965/mode/1up","Trogon sallaei"],["8847","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon caligatus concinnus","Lawrence, 1862","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Panama to Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DD9CA94",null,null,"'New Grenada' i.e. Lion Hill, Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/495/mode/1up","Trogon concinnus"],["8848","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon caligatus caligatus","Gould, 1838","A monograph of the Trogonidae, or family of trogons. 1st ed. pt3 pl.6,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to western Venezuela (Maracaibo basin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA307879",null,null,"No type locality, but plate agrees with specimens from the Magdalena Valley, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215223#page/23/mode/1up","Trogon caligatus"],["8849","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon ramonianus","Deville & des Murs, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.331","Amazonian Trogon","Amazonian Violaceous Trogon",null,"2025-0932","<em>Trogon violaceus</em> is split into three species, based in large part on the mitochondrial DNA data of DaCosta &amp; Klicka (2008) that recovered the complex as non-monophyletic, with <em>T. curucui </em>and <em>T. surrucura </em>embedded within it: polytypic<em> T. caligatus</em> (including <em>sallaei </em>and <em>concinnus</em>); monotypic <em>T. violaceus </em>(sister to <em>T. curucui</em>); and polytypic <em>T. ramonianus</em> (including <em>crissalis</em>). Vocalizations reportedly also differ between the three groups but a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking.","tropical rainforest in the upper Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil, west of the Rio Negro, southward across Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru to central Bolivia (southward to central Santa Cruz), and eastward in Brazil south of the Amazon River (to northeastern Pará, adjacent Maranhão, and northern Tocantins)",null,null,null,"viotro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viotro3","avibase-09B20241",null,null,"Sarayacu and Pampa del Sacramento, Peru.","Note sur une nouvelle espèce de Couroucou (Trogon ramoniana), et sur le Trogon meridionalis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/355/mode/1up","Trogon ramoniana"],["8850","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon ramonianus ramonianus","Deville & des Murs, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87BA4F81",null,null,"Sarayacu and Pampa del Sacramento, Peru.","Note sur une nouvelle espèce de Couroucou (Trogon ramoniana), et sur le Trogon meridionalis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/355/mode/1up","Trogon ramoniana"],["8851","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon ramonianus crissalis","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Amazonia, southern Venezuela, and southeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89C60DA6",null,null,"Bahia, error = lower Amazon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/196/mode/1up","Aganus crissalis"],["8852","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon surrucura","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.321","Surucua Trogon","Surucua Trogon",null,"2025-0931","Taxon <em>aurantius </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Trogon surrucura</em> based on available evidence. Despite differences in plumage, vocalizations are not known to differ, mitochondrial DNA divergence is weak (DaCosta 2006), and there is evidence of hybridization (Santos 2012); however, areas of local sympatry have also been reported (Falcão et al. 2017). Further research into their interactions across the contact zone will be needed to clarify species status for <em>aurantius</em>.","humid to semi-deciduous and gallery forest in interior and eastern Brazil (from northern Bahia, eastward to easternmost Tocantins and western Goais, and southward to southern Rio Grande do Sul), far northern Uruguay, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (southward to Corrientes and northeastern Santa Fe, and eastward to eastern Chaco)",null,null,null,"surtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/surtro1","avibase-1D555193",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/345/mode/1up","Trogon surrucura"],["8853","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon surrucura aurantius","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.47, pl.36",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro and northern São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-899C70E6",null,null,"In sylvis Rio de Janeiro",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/67/mode/1up","Trogon aurantius"],["8854","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon surrucura surrucura","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F2D3109",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/345/mode/1up","Trogon surrucura"],["8855","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon violaceus","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.404","Guianan Trogon","Guianan Violaceous Trogon",null,"2025-0932","<em>Trogon violaceus</em> is split into three species, based in large part on the mitochondrial DNA data of DaCosta &amp; Klicka (2008) that recovered the complex as non-monophyletic, with <em>T. curucui </em>and <em>T. surrucura </em>embedded within it: polytypic<em> T. caligatus</em> (including <em>sallaei </em>and <em>concinnus</em>); monotypic <em>T. violaceus </em>(sister to <em>T. curucui</em>); and polytypic <em>T. ramonianus</em> (including <em>crissalis</em>). Vocalizations reportedly also differ between the three groups but a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking.","Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,"viotro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viotro2","avibase-563C5F5D",null,null,"No locality = Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/416/mode/1up","Trogon violaceus"],["8856","species","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon curucui","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.167","Blue-crowned Trogon","Blue-crowned Trogon","Blue-crowned Trogon",null,null,"forest and edge in lowlands and hills of South America east of the Andes from central Colombia eastward, thence mostly south of the Amazon River to northeastern Brazil and southward to northwestern Argentina, eastward through Paraguay and Mato Grosso do Sul (south-central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682816","blctro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctro1","avibase-706C5A16",null,null,"Mexico, Brazil, Peru = Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/171/mode/1up","Trogon Curucui"],["8857","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon curucui peruvianus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia to northwestern Bolivia and eastward to north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C37968C6",null,null,"Peru",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/362/mode/1up","Trogon peruvianus"],["8858","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon curucui curucui","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"humid eastern Brazil from Pará and Goiás eastward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC4C162D",null,null,"Mexico, Brazil, Peru = Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/171/mode/1up","Trogon Curucui"],["8859","subspecies","Trogoniformes","Trogonidae","Trogons","Trogon curucui behni","Gould, 1875","A Monograph of the Trogonidae, or Family of Trogons. 2nd ed. ed.2, pt4 pl.6,text [=pl.20 of vol.]",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina, Paraguay, and northern Formosa (north-central Argentina), and Mato Grosso do Sul (south-central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A4F9162",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267606#page/45/mode/1up","Trogon behni"],["8860","order","Bucerotiformes",null,null,"Bucerotiformes",null,null,"Hornbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8861","family","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupidae",null,null,"Hoopoes","Hoopoes","Hoopoes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"upupid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/upupid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8862","genus","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Upupa epops [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/135/mode/1up","Upupa"],["8863","species","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.117","Common Hoopoe","Common Hoopoe","Common Hoopoe","2025-0310","Taxon <em>africana </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Upupa epops </em>(polytypic) based on minor plumage differences, contiguous ranges, and a lack of vocal differences (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993).","widespread in continental Eurasia and Africa, in lowland to montane open habitats, including open woodland, farmland, and steppe, from northwestern Africa and continental Europe eastward to southern Siberia, and southward to sub-Saharan Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka, and southeastern Asia; northern populations migrate southward to Africa and tropical Asia; far-flung vagrants on migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682655","hoopoe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoopoe","avibase-FA2F9125",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/135/mode/1up","Upupa Epops"],["8864","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops epops","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Africa (eastward to Libya), Canary Islands, and central and southern Europe southward to Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel (as far southward as northern Negev), and eastward to south-central Russia (Ob–Yenisey watershed), northwestern China (Xinjiang), and northwestern India; probably this race breeding in northern, central, and eastern Arabia; wintering grounds poorly known, but western European breeders probably mainly in western Africa, while central and eastern European breeders farther eastward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37269F30",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/135/mode/1up","Upupa Epops"],["8865","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops saturata","Lönnberg, 1909","Arkiv för Zoologi Band 5, no.9 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Russia (east of Yenisey River) eastward to Russian Far East, Korean Peninsula, and occasionally Japan, and southward to central China and Tibet; northern populations migratory",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-759525DB",null,null,"Kjachta, southern Transbaicalia.","Notes on birds collected by Mr. Otto Bamberg in Southern Transbaicalia and Northern Mongolia.",null,"Upupa epops saturata"],["8866","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops ceylonensis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.320, pl.595, f.4036",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37219DEA",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/356/mode/1up","Upupa ceylonensis"],["8867","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops longirostris","Jerdon, 1862","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 1 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam to Malayan Peninsula, Indochina, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8CD22E0",null,null,"Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113051#page/463/mode/1up","Upupa longirostris"],["8868","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops major","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (Nile Valley to Suez Canal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF80A586",null,null,"Visits Egypt in winter.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/114/mode/1up","Upupa major"],["8869","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops senegalensis","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Somalia, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E23B456",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/138/mode/1up","Upupa Senegalensis"],["8870","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops waibeli","Reichenow, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Chad to Cameroon (Adamawa Plateau), northern Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2BC6F87",null,null,"Bemugu, Cameroon.","Upupa waibeli n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/24/mode/1up","Upupa waibeli"],["8871","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa epops africana","Bechstein, 1811","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.172, pl.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and Kenya, southward to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4573453",null,null,"Southern Africa (Malimbe and Cape of Good Hope) [Angola to Cape Town, South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/242/mode/1up","Upupa africana"],["8872","species","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa marginata","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.127,note","Madagascar Hoopoe","Madagascar Hoopoe","Madagascar Hoopoe",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729402","madhoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madhoo1","avibase-B4EA6FB2",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/135/mode/1up","Upupa marginata"],["8873","species","Bucerotiformes","Upupidae","Hoopoes","Upupa antaios","Olson, 1975","Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23 p.32","St. Helena Hoopoe","St. Helena Hoopoe","Saint Helena Hoopoe",null,null,"formerly St. Helena Island; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728670","sthhoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthhoo1","avibase-3EC85674",null,null,"St. Helena Island","Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean","https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1952","Upupa antaios"],["8874","family","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculidae",null,null,"Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Woodhoopoes and Scimitarbills","Woodhoopoes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"phoeni2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phoeni2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8875","genus","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus","Jardine, 1828","The Zoological Journal 4, no.13 p.1,2 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rhinopomastus smithii [Jardine, 1828]; type by original designation and monotypy = Falcinellus cyanomelas Vieillot, 1819",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/13/mode/1up","Rhinopomastus"],["8876","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus castaneiceps","(Sharpe, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.414","Forest Wood Hoopoe","Forest Scimitarbill","Forest Scimitarbill","2025-0312","Taxon <em>castaneiceps </em>is placed in the genus <em>Rhinopomastus </em>based on similarities in vocal and social behavior (Dowsett-Lemaire &amp; Dowsett 2014). Sometimes placed in <em>Phoeniculus </em>based on plumage, <em>castaneiceps </em>reportedly lacks the rattle call typical of this genus; genetic and bioacoustic analyses needed.","patchy in lowland and foothill tall open-canopy forest, and old plantations, from southeastern Guinea and Liberia eastward through southern Cameroon and northern Republic of the Congo to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682689","forwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forwoo1","avibase-8CC7216A",null,null,"Fanti, Gold Coast.","On Seven new or lately described Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/456/mode/1up","Irrisor castaneiceps"],["8877","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus castaneiceps castaneiceps","(Sharpe, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1178374",null,null,"Fanti, Gold Coast.","On Seven new or lately described Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/456/mode/1up","Irrisor castaneiceps"],["8878","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus castaneiceps brunneiceps","(Sharpe, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C2E11F8",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.","On four new species of birds from the Camaroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/499/mode/1up","Scoptelus brunneiceps"],["8879","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus minor","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.28 pl.8","Abyssinian Scimitarbill","Abyssinian Scimitarbill","Abyssinian Scimitarbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, acacia thornscrub, and dry watercourses with scattered trees; from southeastern South Sudan and northeastern Uganda eastward to eastern Ethiopia and Somalia, and southward to south-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682710","absbil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/absbil1","avibase-46847C50",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/39/mode/1up","Promerops minor"],["8880","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus minor minor","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.28 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Somalia and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D26A237",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/39/mode/1up","Promerops minor"],["8881","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus minor cabanisi","(de Filippi, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan to southern Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46DA384F",null,null,"White Nile between 3° and 4° N. lat.","Fragment d'une lettre de M. Ph. Defilippi à Son Altesse le prince Bonaparte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/311/mode/1up","Irrisor Cabanisi"],["8882","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus cyanomelas","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.165","Common Scimitarbill","Common Scimitarbill","Common Scimitarbill",null,null,"lowland to submontane dry thornscrub, wooded savanna, and miombo and mopane woodland, from southern Uganda, Kenya, and southern Somalia southward through southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, southward to western Angola and Namibia to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682704","cosbil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cosbil1","avibase-B0DD1318",null,null,"Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/179/mode/1up","Falcinellus cyanomelas"],["8883","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus cyanomelas schalowi","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.2 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"western Uganda eastward to southern Somalia, southward to eastern South Africa (western KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9E04300",null,null,"Usandawe, Tanganyika Territory.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/231/mode/1up","Rhinopomastus schalowi"],["8884","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus cyanomelas cyanomelas","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and Namibia eastward to northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B616EAD2",null,null,"Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/179/mode/1up","Falcinellus cyanomelas"],["8885","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus aterrimus","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 14, pt.1 p.257","Black Scimitarbill","Black Scimitarbill","Black Scimitarbill",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane wooded savanna and arid bush habitat, from Senegambia eastward to eastern Sudan, Eritrea, central Ethiopia, and far northwestern Somalia, and southward to northern Ghana to northern Uganda, and from southern Gabon and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to southern Angola and western Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682698","blsbil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blsbil1","avibase-9C69D0FD",null,null,"Africa = Senegal, ex Latham, Gen. Hist. Bds., 4, p. 111.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/75732#page/265/mode/1up","Promerops aterrimus"],["8886","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus aterrimus aterrimus","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 14, pt.1 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9FA65AA",null,null,"Africa = Senegal, ex Latham, Gen. Hist. Bds., 4, p. 111.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/75732#page/265/mode/1up","Promerops aterrimus"],["8887","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus aterrimus emini","(Neumann, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-642A5813",null,null,"Ndussuma, Njangabo, west of Lake Albert, Belgian Congo.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/211/mode/1up","Scoptelus aterrimus emini"],["8888","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus aterrimus notatus","(Salvin, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 16 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3581D8A6",null,null,"Northeastern Africa; type from Senafé",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34415#page/42/mode/1up","Scoptelus notatus"],["8889","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Rhinopomastus aterrimus anchietae","(Bocage, 1892)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (2), 2 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Zambia, Angola, and southeastern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81AA30E3",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121555#page/268/mode/1up","Scoptelus Anchietae"],["8890","genus","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus","Jarocki, 1821","Zoologiia czyli zwiérzętopismo ogólne: podług náynowszego systematu ułożone 2 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Upupa erythrorhynchus [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Promerops purpureus J.F. Miller, 1784",null,null,"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=1539","Phoeniculus"],["8891","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus bollei","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.36 p.445","White-headed Wood Hoopoe","White-headed Woodhoopoe","White-headed Woodhoopoe",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, including rainforest and riverine forest in wooded savanna, from southeastern Guinea and Liberia eastward to southern South Sudan and central Kenya, and southward to southern Cameroon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and far northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682684","whhwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhwoo1","avibase-D1FFB474",null,null,"Ashanti, Gold Coast.","Ueber eine neue Art der Gattung Irrisor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/925/mode/1up","Irrisor Bollei"],["8892","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus bollei bollei","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.36 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia to Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C3331C0",null,null,"Ashanti, Gold Coast.","Ueber eine neue Art der Gattung Irrisor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/925/mode/1up","Irrisor Bollei"],["8893","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus bollei jacksoni","(Sharpe, 1890)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.6, no.36 p.503",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Sudan and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B950CD2E",null,null,"Kikuyu country, Kenya Colony.","Miscellanous. Note on Irrisor Jacksoni, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63336#page/541/mode/1up","Irrisor Jacksoni"],["8894","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus bollei okuensis","Serle, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.51 [51-52]",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon (Lake Oku region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D4C1BFA",null,null,"Lake Oku, 6 10'N, 10 25'E, Bamenda division, British Cameroons","A new Genus and Species of Babbler and New Races of a Wood-Hoopoe, Swift, Barbet, Robin-Chat, Scrub-Warblers and Apalis from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/77/mode/1up","Phoeniculus bollei okuensis"],["8895","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus damarensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.38","Violet Wood Hoopoe","Violet Woodhoopoe","Violet Woodhoopoe","2025-0311","Taxon <em>granti</em> (monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phoeniculus damarensis </em>based on minor differences in plumage. May form a species complex with <em>P. purpureus </em>(Turner 2017); further research required.","disjunctly in lowland and foothill arid acacia thornscrub, and trees along dry watercourses, of southern Ethiopia and central and southeastern Kenya, and southwestern Angola to central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682673","viowoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viowoo1","avibase-76FAC9A5",null,null,"Damaraland; the types are specimens d'-n' in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 19, viz. Otjimbinque, Elephant Vley Ovaquenyama, Okavango River and 'Damaraland.'","Review of the genus Irrisor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/296/mode/1up","Irrisor damarensis"],["8896","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus damarensis damarensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36EAC210",null,null,"Damaraland; the types are specimens d'-n' in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 19, viz. Otjimbinque, Elephant Vley Ovaquenyama, Okavango River and 'Damaraland.'","Review of the genus Irrisor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/296/mode/1up","Irrisor damarensis"],["8897","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus damarensis granti","(Neumann, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F18EC0A",null,null,"Ngomeni, Ukamba, Kenya Colony.","Neue afrikanische Species und Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/200/mode/1up","Irrisor damarensis granti"],["8898","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus somaliensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.38","Black-billed Wood Hoopoe","Black-billed Woodhoopoe","Black-billed Woodhoopoe",null,null,"lowland and foothill open dry thornbush, riparian woodland, and scattered trees along dry wadis, from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northwestern Somalia southward to northern Kenya and southwestern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682678","blbwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbwoo2","avibase-68A80086",null,null,"Somaliland; type from Fer Libah.","Review of the genus Irrisor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/296/mode/1up","Irrisor somaliensis"],["8899","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus somaliensis abyssinicus","(Neumann, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBBC27A9",null,null,"Arba Schiko, Anseba River, Eritrea.","Neue afrikanische Species und Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/199/mode/1up","Irrisor erythrorhynchos abyssinicus"],["8900","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus somaliensis somaliensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia to western Somalia and northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85DC0DDC",null,null,"Somaliland; type from Fer Libah.","Review of the genus Irrisor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/296/mode/1up","Irrisor somaliensis"],["8901","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus somaliensis neglectus","(Neumann, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"arid thornscrub of central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA90B12D",null,null,"Shambala River, Maleland, Ethiopia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/208/mode/1up","Irrisor erythrorhynchos neglectus"],["8902","species","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus purpureus","(Miller, 1784)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.9 pl.52","Green Wood Hoopoe","Green Woodhoopoe","Green Woodhoopoe",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan range in lowland to montane savanna, open woodland, and riverine forest in arid thornscrub (avoiding rainforest and arid habitat) from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to eastern Sudan and western Ethiopia, and southward to eastern Namibia and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682667","grewoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grewoo2","avibase-28CACA8F",null,null,"India orientali [=India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/129/mode/1up","Promerops purpureus"],["8903","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus purpureus senegalensis","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.580",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Senegal and Gambia to southern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC3AF806",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/188/mode/1up","Falcinellus Senegalensis"],["8904","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus purpureus guineensis","(Reichenow, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.79 (in text)",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to northern Ghana, Nigeria, Chad, and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB1FD88B",null,null,"Portuguese Guinea to the Niger.","Neue Vogelarten aus Damaraland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/99/mode/1up","Irrisor erythrorhynchos guineensis"],["8905","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus purpureus niloticus","(Neumann, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan to western Ethiopia and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1532CC6",null,null,"Goz Abu Guma, White Nile.","Neue afrikanische Species und Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/199/mode/1up","Irrisor erythrorhynchos niloticus"],["8906","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus purpureus marwitzi","(Reichenow, 1906)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Uganda and Kenya to central and eastern KwaZulu-Natal; 2 records Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A2EE67C",null,null,"Mkalama, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/187/mode/1up","Irrisor erythrorhynchos marwitzi"],["8907","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus purpureus angolensis","(Reichenow, 1902)","Die Vögel Afrikas 2 pt1 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to western Zambia, western Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0FC7E4A",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48992#page/367/mode/1up","Irrisor erythrorhynchos var. angolensis"],["8908","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Phoeniculidae","Wood Hoopoes and Scimitarbills","Phoeniculus purpureus purpureus","(Miller, 1784)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.9 pl.52",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (eastern Western Cape to southern and central KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE49D790",null,null,"India orientali [=India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/129/mode/1up","Promerops purpureus"],["8909","family","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bucerotidae",null,null,"Hornbills","Hornbills","Hornbills","2025-1177","<em>Bucorvus </em>is placed in Bucerotidae rather than Bucorvidae based on available mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Viseshakul et al. 2011; Gonzalez et al. 2013), and obvious morphological affinities with other hornbills. Although forming a divergent clade, <em>Bucorvus </em>was recovered as part of a basal polytomy by Viseshakul et al. (2011), and clade ages may be substantially over-estimated.",null,null,null,null,"bucero1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucero1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["8910","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bucorvus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.256",null,null,null,"2025-1177","<em>Bucorvus </em>is placed in Bucerotidae rather than Bucorvidae based on available mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Viseshakul et al. 2011; Gonzalez et al. 2013), and obvious morphological affinities with other hornbills. Although forming a divergent clade, <em>Bucorvus </em>was recovered as part of a basal polytomy by Viseshakul et al. (2011), and clade ages may be substantially over-estimated.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros abyssinicus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/294/mode/1up","Bucorvus"],["8911","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bucorvus abyssinicus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48","Abyssinian Ground Hornbill","Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill","Northern Ground-hornbill",null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, northern Uganda, and northeastern Kenya",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682632","noghor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noghor1","avibase-948ED65C",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Buceros abyssinicus"],["8912","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bucorvus leadbeateri","(Vigors, 1825)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14, pt.3 p.460,note","Southern Ground Hornbill","Southern Ground-Hornbill","Southern Ground-hornbill",null,null,"savanna of eastern and southern Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682638","soghor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soghor1","avibase-4192DE77",null,null,"'Africa interiori Septentrionali' [sic]. 3","XXII. Observations on the Natural Affinities that connect the Orders and Families of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13693#page/485/mode/1up","Buceros Leadbeateri"],["8913","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.z p.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros (Lophoceros) forskalii [Ehrenberg, 1833]; Type by subsequent designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/60/mode/1up","Lophoceros"],["8914","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros camurus","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.319","Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill","Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill","Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill",null,null,"southern Sierra Leone to Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Angola (Cabinda), southwestern South Sudan, and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682363","rbdhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbdhor1","avibase-53D72911",null,null,"Cape Lopez, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/339/mode/1up","Tockus camurus"],["8915","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros alboterminatus","Büttikofer, 1889","Notes from the Leyden Museum 11 p.67","Crowned Hornbill","Crowned Hornbill","Crowned Hornbill",null,null,"savanna of eastern and southern Africa, Zanzibar, and Pemba Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682396","crohor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crohor1","avibase-1FDA0172",null,null,"Gambos, upper Cunene, Angola.","On a collection of birds from South Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37330#page/79/mode/1up","Lophoceros alboterminatus"],["8916","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros bradfieldi","(Roberts, 1930)","Ostrich 1 p.65","Bradfield's Hornbill","Bradfield's Hornbill","Bradfield's Hornbill",null,null,"northwestern Zimbabwe to southwestern Zambia, northern Botswana, and southern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682400","brahor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brahor1","avibase-336CB959",null,null,"No locality = Waterberg, Southwest Africa.","Some recent important records of South African birds.",null,"Rhyncaceros bradfieldi"],["8917","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros nasutus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.154","African Grey Hornbill","African Gray Hornbill","African Grey Hornbill",null,null,"lowland and foothill savanna, open woodland, and forest edge, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and south Somalia, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward to northern Nigeria and western Kenya, and in southern Africa from southern Angola to Tanzania, southward to eastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa; nomadic wandering in dry periods",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682413","afghor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afghor1","avibase-0CCD664D",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/158/mode/1up","Buceros nasutus"],["8918","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros nasutus nasutus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda; Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0822736B",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/158/mode/1up","Buceros nasutus"],["8919","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros nasutus epirhinus","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uganda and southeastern Kenya to northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-848436D1",null,null,"Sundevall, loc. cit. Alternate name.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/118/mode/1up","Buceros epirhinus"],["8920","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros pallidirostris","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.871","Pale-billed Hornbill","Pale-billed Hornbill","Pale-billed Hornbill",null,null,"lowland and foothill dense miombo woodland from western and northern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southern and eastern Tanzania, and southward to central Zambia, Malawi, and northwestern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682417","pabhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabhor1","avibase-235F0000",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/893/mode/1up","Buceros pallidirostris"],["8921","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros pallidirostris pallidirostris","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.871",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A119626",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/893/mode/1up","Buceros pallidirostris"],["8922","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros pallidirostris neumanni","Reichenow, 1894","Die Vögel Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia to Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFC27D4F",null,null,"Mgera, Tanganyika Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47512#page/138/mode/1up","Lophoceros pallidirostris neumanni"],["8923","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros hemprichii","(Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.aa p.51","Hemprich's Hornbill","Hemprich's Hornbill","Hemprich's Hornbill",null,null,"rocky euphorbia areas of Ethiopia to northwestern Kenya and Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682409","hemhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hemhor1","avibase-6D72B23C",null,null,"Ethiopian coastlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/61/mode/1up","Buceros, Lophoceros, Hemprichii"],["8924","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros fasciatus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8 pt1 p.34","Congo Pied Hornbill","Congo Pied Hornbill","Congo Pied Hornbill","2025-0691","Taxon <em>semifasciatus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Lophoceros fasciatus</em> based on differences in plumage as well as bill color and pattern, and a hybrid zone of limited extent (Louette 1981; Marchant 1953). Although mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) indicate deep divergences within this complex, a more comprehensive genetic review is needed to verify this result.","Nigeria (east of Niger River) to Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61612961","afphor3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afphor3","avibase-4B8F7AF5",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/54/mode/1up","Buceros fasciatus"],["8925","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Lophoceros semifasciatus","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.356","West African Pied Hornbill","West African Pied Hornbill","West African Pied Hornbill","2025-0691","Taxon <em>semifasciatus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Lophoceros fasciatus</em> based on differences in plumage as well as bill color and pattern, and a hybrid zone of limited extent (Louette 1981; Marchant 1953). Although mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) indicate deep divergences within this complex, a more comprehensive genetic review is needed to verify this result.","Senegambia to just east of Niger River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61612971","afphor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afphor2","avibase-89218876",null,null,"Río Boutry, Gold Coast [=Butre, Ghana], ","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/368/mode/1up","Buceros semifasciatus"],["8926","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros erythrorhynchus [Temminck, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 50).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/290/mode/1up","Tockus"],["8927","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus flavirostris","(Rüppell, 1835)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.6 pl.2 fig.2","Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill","Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill","Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill",null,null,"Ethiopia and Somalia to northern Uganda and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682379","eybhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eybhor1","avibase-3BCD9CB0",null,null,"Valleys at the base of the Taranta Mountains, near Massawa, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/86/mode/1up","Buceros flavirostris"],["8928","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus leucomelas","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.17","Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill","Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill","Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill",null,null,"lowland and foothill savanna, open woodland, and riparian forest, from southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia eastward from northeastern Zambia and southern Malawi to western Mozambique, and southward to north-central and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682384","sybhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sybhor1","avibase-21A15CDE",null,null,"Kaffirland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92528#page/19/mode/1up","Buceros leucomelas"],["8929","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus leucomelas elegans","Hartlaub, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.86 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61610922",null,null,"Benguella.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by Mr. J. J. Monteiro in the Province of Benguela, Angola, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/118/mode/1up","Toccus elegans"],["8930","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus leucomelas leucomelas","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Namibia eastward to southern Malawi, western Mozambique, and northern and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A988FAD",null,null,"Kaffirland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92528#page/19/mode/1up","Buceros leucomelas"],["8931","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus deckeni","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413","Von der Decken's Hornbill","Von der Decken's Hornbill","Von der Decken's Hornbill",null,null,"Ethiopia and southern Somalia to Kenya, northeastern Uganda, and Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682392","vddhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vddhor1","avibase-DE36D3BD",null,null,"East Africa; type locality fixed as Seyidie Prov., Kenya Colony, Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 57, 1937, p. 138.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Buceros (Rhynchaceros) Deckeni"],["8932","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus jacksoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.127","Jackson's Hornbill","Jackson's Hornbill","Jackson's Hornbill",null,null,"arid savanna of northeastern Uganda and northwestern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682388","jachor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jachor1","avibase-427D7FD6",null,null,"Turkwell, Siik.","On some new Francolins and a new Hornbill discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/159/mode/1up","Lophoceros jacksoni"],["8933","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus monteiri","Hartlaub, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.87 pl.5","Monteiro's Hornbill","Monteiro's Hornbill","Monteiro's Hornbill",null,null,"arid savanna of southern Angola and northern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682367","monhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monhor1","avibase-C8898E88",null,null,"Benguella.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by Mr. J. J. Monteiro in the Province of Benguela, Angola, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/125/mode/1up","Toccus monteiri"],["8934","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus rufirostris","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.108","Southern Red-billed Hornbill","Southern Red-billed Hornbill",null,"2025-0690","Five species are recognized in the <em>Tockus erythrorhynchus</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, bare parts color, vocalizations, genetics (Kemp &amp; Delport 2002; Viseshakul et al. 2011; Gonzalez et al. 2013), and hybrid zone dynamics (Delport et al. 2004): T. <em>erythrorhynchus; T. ruahae; T. kempi; T. rufirostris; </em>and T. <em>damarensis</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) suggested that these may divide into two groups: northern <em>erythrorhynchus, kempi</em>, and <em>ruahae </em>and southern <em>rufirostris </em>and <em>damarensis</em>. Further research is needed in areas of parapatry to assess levels of gene flow and a more comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","Angola and northern Namibia to Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,"srbhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/srbhor1","avibase-73A7F4D0",null,null,"Caffraria superiore [Eastern Cape, South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/118/mode/1up","Buceros rufirostris"],["8935","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus damarensis","(Shelley, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.21 p.58,66","Damara Red-billed Hornbill","Damara Red-billed Hornbill","Damara Red-billed Hornbill","2025-0690","Five species are recognized in the <em>Tockus erythrorhynchus</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, bare parts color, vocalizations, genetics (Kemp &amp; Delport 2002; Viseshakul et al. 2011; Gonzalez et al. 2013), and hybrid zone dynamics (Delport et al. 2004): T. <em>erythrorhynchus; T. ruahae; T. kempi; T. rufirostris; </em>and T. <em>damarensis</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) suggested that these may divide into two groups: northern <em>erythrorhynchus, kempi</em>, and <em>ruahae </em>and southern <em>rufirostris </em>and <em>damarensis</em>. Further research is needed in areas of parapatry to assess levels of gene flow and a more comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","central Namibia (southern Damaraland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725940","drbhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drbhor1","avibase-4C4AADAB",null,null,"Otjimbinque, Damaraland.","On the Hornbills of the Ethiopian Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/86/mode/1up","Lophoceros damarensis"],["8936","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus ruahae","Kemp & Delport, 2002","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 39 p.4","Tanzanian Red-billed Hornbill","Tanzanian Red-billed Hornbill",null,"2025-0690","Five species are recognized in the <em>Tockus erythrorhynchus</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, bare parts color, vocalizations, genetics (Kemp &amp; Delport 2002; Viseshakul et al. 2011; Gonzalez et al. 2013), and hybrid zone dynamics (Delport et al. 2004): T. <em>erythrorhynchus; T. ruahae; T. kempi; T. rufirostris; </em>and T. <em>damarensis</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) suggested that these may divide into two groups: northern <em>erythrorhynchus, kempi</em>, and <em>ruahae </em>and southern <em>rufirostris </em>and <em>damarensis</em>. Further research is needed in areas of parapatry to assess levels of gene flow and a more comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","central and southern Tanzania",null,null,null,"trbhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trbhor1","avibase-1A34CC23",null,null,"southern border, Ruaha National Park, Tanzania, 1700 m a.s.l., 1 November 1998, coil. Robert Glen","Comments on the status of subspecies in the red-billed hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) complex (Aves: Bucerotidae), with the description of a new taxon endemic to Tanzania","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_24","Tockus erythrorhynchus ruahae"],["8937","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus erythrorhynchus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.36, vol.2 text to genus Buceros, sp.19","Northern Red-billed Hornbill","Northern Red-billed Hornbill",null,"2025-0690","Five species are recognized in the <em>Tockus erythrorhynchus</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, bare parts color, vocalizations, genetics (Kemp &amp; Delport 2002; Viseshakul et al. 2011; Gonzalez et al. 2013), and hybrid zone dynamics (Delport et al. 2004): T. <em>erythrorhynchus; T. ruahae; T. kempi; T. rufirostris; </em>and T. <em>damarensis</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) suggested that these may divide into two groups: northern <em>erythrorhynchus, kempi</em>, and <em>ruahae </em>and southern <em>rufirostris </em>and <em>damarensis</em>. Further research is needed in areas of parapatry to assess levels of gene flow and a more comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","Sierra Leone to Somalia and southward to Tanzania",null,null,null,"rebhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebhor1","avibase-AF75AC32",null,null,"Senegal and Guinea; based on Brisson, Buffon and LeVaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/130/mode/1up","Buceros erythrorhynchus"],["8938","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Tockus kempi","Tréca & Érard, 2000","Ostrich 71 p.363-366","Western Red-billed Hornbill","Western Red-billed Hornbill",null,"2025-0690","Five species are recognized in the <em>Tockus erythrorhynchus</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, bare parts color, vocalizations, genetics (Kemp &amp; Delport 2002; Viseshakul et al. 2011; Gonzalez et al. 2013), and hybrid zone dynamics (Delport et al. 2004): T. <em>erythrorhynchus; T. ruahae; T. kempi; T. rufirostris; </em>and T. <em>damarensis</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) suggested that these may divide into two groups: northern <em>erythrorhynchus, kempi</em>, and <em>ruahae </em>and southern <em>rufirostris </em>and <em>damarensis</em>. Further research is needed in areas of parapatry to assess levels of gene flow and a more comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","Senegambia to (Mali) inner Niger delta",null,null,null,"wrbhor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrbhor2","avibase-1ADEF52B",null,null,"Richard-Toll, Senegal, 20.08.1964","A new subspecies of the Red-billed Hornbill, Tockus erythrorhynchus from West Africa.",null,"Tockus erythrorhynchus kempi"],["8939","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Berenicornis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros comatus [Raffles, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 84).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/159/mode/1up","Berenicornis"],["8940","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Berenicornis comatus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.339","White-crowned Hornbill","White-crowned Hornbill","White-crowned Hornbill",null,null,"far southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682507","whchor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whchor2","avibase-89BFB892",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/371/mode/1up","Buceros comatus"],["8941","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Horizocerus","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1182 p.28.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Toccus hartlaubi [Gould]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/58/mode/1up","Horizocerus"],["8942","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Horizocerus hartlaubi","(Gould, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.380","Western Dwarf Hornbill","Western Dwarf Hornbill","Western Dwarf Hornbill","2025-0695","Taxon <em>granti </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Horizocerus hartlaubi</em> based mostly on differences in bill architecture and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Gonzalez et al. 2013); further research would be informative.","Sierra Leone to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo (west of the Congo River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727003","bkdhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkdhor1","avibase-66D85117",null,null,"West Africa.","Description of a New Species of Hornbill from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/478/mode/1up","Toccus hartlaubi"],["8943","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Horizocerus granti","(Hartert, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.55","Eastern Dwarf Hornbill","Eastern Dwarf Hornbill","Eastern Dwarf Hornbill","2025-0695","Taxon <em>granti </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Horizocerus hartlaubi</em> based mostly on differences in bill architecture and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Gonzalez et al. 2013); further research would be informative.","Congo Basin of Central African Republic to Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727013","bkdhor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkdhor2","avibase-23FEF54E",null,null,"Aruwimi River, Belgian Congo.","On some birds from the Congo region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/77/mode/1up","Lophoceros granti"],["8944","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Horizocerus cassini","(Finsch, 1903)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.4 p.196,201","Eastern Long-tailed Hornbill","Eastern Long-tailed Hornbill","Eastern Long-tailed Hornbill","2025-0694","Taxon <em>cassini </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Horizocerus albocristatus</em> (polytypic) on the basis of differences in facial and wing coloration, bill morphology, and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Gonzalez et al. 2013).","Benin through Congo basin to western Uganda and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725956","whchor4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whchor4","avibase-EBFEDFB3",null,null,"Gaboon.","Über die Arten der Bucerotiden Gattung Ortholophus Grant.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37388#page/243/mode/1up","Ortholophus Cassini"],["8945","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Horizocerus albocristatus","(Cassin, 1848)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3, no.12 p.330","Western Long-tailed Hornbill","Western Long-tailed Hornbill","Western Long-tailed Hornbill","2025-0694","Taxon <em>cassini </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Horizocerus albocristatus</em> (polytypic) on the basis of differences in facial and wing coloration, bill morphology, and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Gonzalez et al. 2013).","lowland and foothill Upper Guinea rainforest, and swamp forest, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea to southern Benin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725946","whchor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whchor1","avibase-8009A6BC",null,null,"St. Paul's River, Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17669#page/336/mode/1up","Buceros albo-cristatus"],["8946","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Horizocerus albocristatus albocristatus","(Cassin, 1848)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3, no.12 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Sierra Leone and Guinea to western Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-780D7120",null,null,"St. Paul's River, Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17669#page/336/mode/1up","Buceros albo-cristatus"],["8947","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Horizocerus albocristatus macrourus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ivory Coast to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9A0528C",null,null,"Ashantee, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/159/mode/1up","Buceros macrourus"],["8948","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Ceratogymna","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Buceros elatus [Temminck, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/4/mode/1up","Ceratogymna"],["8949","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Ceratogymna elata","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.2 pl.521 fig.1","Yellow-casqued Hornbill","Yellow-casqued Hornbill","Yellow-casqued Hornbill",null,null,"patchily distributed forest of Senegambia to Cameroon",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682627","yechor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yechor1","avibase-CBC236C2",null,null,"No locality = Sierra Leone, apud Hartlaub, 1854.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/157/mode/1up","Buceros elatus"],["8950","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Ceratogymna atrata","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.94, vol.2 pl.558","Black-casqued Hornbill","Black-casqued Hornbill","Black-casqued Hornbill",null,null,"patchily distributed forest of western and central Africa; Bioko Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682621","blchor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blchor1","avibase-C05BF908",null,null,"Ashanti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/147/mode/1up","Buceros atratus"],["8951","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros bucinator [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/179/mode/1up","Bycanistes"],["8952","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes brevis","Friedmann, 1929","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 11 p.32","Silvery-cheeked Hornbill","Silvery-cheeked Hornbill","Silvery-cheeked Hornbill",null,null,"montane and coastal forest of Ethiopia to southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682570","sichor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sichor1","avibase-5350D0E8",null,null,"Mount Lutindi, Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika Territory [Tanzania]",null,null,"Bycanistes cristatus brevis"],["8953","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes subcylindricus","(Sclater, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.668 pl.39","Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill","Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill","Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane primary and secondary forest, and plantations, from Sierra Leone and Liberia eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682577","bawhor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawhor2","avibase-02428AC1",null,null,"West Africa = Ashanti.","[About additions to the Society's Menagerie. 14. On a young Hornbill of a species closely allied to Buceros cylindricus Temm., with its short diagnosis].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/770/mode/1up","Buceros subcylindricus"],["8954","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes subcylindricus subcylindricus","(Sclater, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.668 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Ivory Coast to Nigeria (west of Niger River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89E87ADD",null,null,"West Africa = Ashanti.","[About additions to the Society's Menagerie. 14. On a young Hornbill of a species closely allied to Buceros cylindricus Temm., with its short diagnosis].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/770/mode/1up","Buceros subcylindricus"],["8955","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes subcylindricus subquadratus","Cabanis & Schütt, 1881","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.152 p.350 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria (east of Niger River) to western Kenya, Burundi, and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E39320B5",null,null,"Mona Hongola, Angola.","[Über Novitäten des Berliner Zoologischen Museums].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/362/mode/1up","Bycanistes subquadratus"],["8956","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes cylindricus","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.2 pl.521 fig.2","Brown-cheeked Hornbill","Brown-cheeked Hornbill","Brown-cheeked Hornbill",null,null,"humid forest of Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682585","bnchor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnchor1","avibase-F03111B9",null,null,"Cape Coast, West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/159/mode/1up","Buceros cylindricus"],["8957","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes albotibialis","(Cabanis & Reichenow, 1877)","Journal für Ornithologie 25, no.137 p.19,103","White-thighed Hornbill","White-thighed Hornbill","White-thighed Hornbill",null,null,"humid forest of Benin to Angola and Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682609","whthor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthor1","avibase-2F7DCF91",null,null,"Chinchoxo, Loango Coast.","Die ornithologischen Sammlungen der deutschen Expedition nach der Loango-Küste. (Mit einer Einleitung von Dr. Falkenstein.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102780#page/31/mode/1up","Buceros albotibialis"],["8958","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes bucinator","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.48, vol.2 pl.284","Trumpeter Hornbill","Trumpeter Hornbill","Trumpeter Hornbill",null,null,"forest of south-central and southeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682548","truhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/truhor1","avibase-3A4D2B44",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/193/mode/1up","Buceros bucinator"],["8959","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes fistulator","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 p.68","Piping Hornbill","Piping Hornbill",null,"2025-0697","Taxon <em>sharpii </em>(polytypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Bycanistes fistulator</em> based on available evidence. Morphological differences are slight, some traits (e.g., bill color) are variable within taxa (Dowsett-Lemaire &amp; Dowsett 2014, 2019), and their behavior (including voice) and ecology are similar. Preliminary mitochondrial DNA data (Gonzalez et al. 2013) indicate substantial divergence within the range of <em>sharpii</em>; further research needed to assess levels of gene flow between these taxa.","lowland and foothill forest, riparian and mangrove forest, and farmbush, from Senegal eastward to southwestern South Sudan and western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,"piphor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piphor1","avibase-2AAFDD00",null,null,"West Africa = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/88/mode/1up","Buceros Fistulator"],["8960","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes fistulator fistulator","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves and humid forest of Senegambia to Niger River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB23C9C9",null,null,"West Africa = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/88/mode/1up","Buceros Fistulator"],["8961","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes fistulator sharpii","(Elliot, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"Niger River to Cameroon, Gabon, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55D77684",null,null,"Angola.","On an apparently new Species of Hornbill from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/199/mode/1up","Buceros sharpii"],["8962","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Bycanistes fistulator duboisi","Sclater, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to northern Angola, Central African Republic, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69FFA16E",null,null,"Niam Niam, upper Uelle.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/267/mode/1up","Bycanistes sharpii duboisi"],["8963","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhinoplax","Gloger, 1841","Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte p.335",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Buceros scutata [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 84). = Buceros vigil J.R. Forster, 1781",null,null,null,"Rhinoplax"],["8964","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhinoplax vigil","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40","Helmeted Hornbill","Helmeted Hornbill","Helmeted Hornbill","2025-0693","Taxon <em>vigil </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Rhinoplax</em> based on its phenotypic uniqueness, although its phylogenetic placement based on limited nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data remains unresolved (Viseshakul et al. 2011; González et al. 2013).","Myanmar to southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682464","helhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helhor1","avibase-88CDFD67",null,null,"Sumatra (based on Edwards, pl. 281).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.416,%22panY%22:0.363,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.003}","Buceros vigil"],["8965","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros rhinoceros [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1882, Monogr. Bucerot., pt. 10, p. xvi).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/122/mode/1up","Buceros"],["8966","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros hydrocorax","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.153","Rufous Hornbill","Rufous Hornbill",null,"2025-0692","Taxon <em>mindanensis </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Buceros hydrocorax,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is considered weak (Kemp 1995) and levels of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Campbell 2013; Gonzalez et al. 2013) are more consistent with subspecific differentiation in hornbills.","Philippines (except West Visayas, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,"rufhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufhor1","avibase-4AE2B146",null,null,"Moluccas, error = Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/157/mode/1up","Buceros Hydrocorax"],["8967","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros hydrocorax hydrocorax","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon and Marinduque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C09BECA9",null,null,"Moluccas, error = Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/157/mode/1up","Buceros Hydrocorax"],["8968","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros hydrocorax semigaleatus","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.280,text,fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"East Visayas, east-central Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Panaon, Buad, Calicoan, and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-888F4684",null,null,"Amparo, Leyte.","On a new Species of the Genus Buceros.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/348/mode/1up","Buceros semigaleatus"],["8969","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros hydrocorax mindanensis","Tweeddale, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Basilan, Dinagat, and Siargao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3EE73F8",null,null,"Pasananca, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/217/mode/1up","Buceros mindanensis"],["8970","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros bicornis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.104","Great Hornbill","Great Hornbill","Great Hornbill",null,null,"lowlands of India to southwestern China, southeastern Asia, and Sumatra",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682453","grehor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grehor1","avibase-A9D587B9",null,null,"China, i.e. Tonkin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/122/mode/1up","Buceros bicornis"],["8971","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros rhinoceros","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.104","Rhinoceros Hornbill","Rhinoceros Hornbill","Rhinoceros Hornbill",null,null,"lowland forest of southern Malayan Peninsula, Java, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682450","rhihor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhihor1","avibase-0D3D9303",null,null,"India, error = Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/122/mode/1up","Buceros Rhinoceros"],["8972","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros rhinoceros borneoensis","Schlegel & Müller, 1840","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1031C47",null,null,"Borneo, restricted to the Barito River by Chasen and Kloss, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 4, 1930, p. 25.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/332/mode/1up","Buceros rhinoceros var. Borneoensis"],["8973","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros rhinoceros rhinoceros","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE5E9BDC",null,null,"India, error = Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/122/mode/1up","Buceros Rhinoceros"],["8974","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Buceros rhinoceros silvestris","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.592",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3D53E3D",null,null,"Moluccas = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/616/mode/1up","Buceros silvestris"],["8975","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anorrhinus","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.xlix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros galeritus [Temminck, 1831]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 83).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/119/mode/1up","Anorrhinus"],["8976","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anorrhinus galeritus","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.2 pl.520","Bushy-crested Hornbill","Bushy-crested Hornbill","Bushy-crested Hornbill",null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Penang Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682485","buchor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buchor1","avibase-1FD5EBCD",null,null,"Sumatra and western Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/163/mode/1up","Buceros galeritus"],["8977","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anorrhinus tickelli","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.266","Tickell's Brown Hornbill","Rusty-cheeked Hornbill","Tickell's Brown Hornbill",null,null,"southern Myanmar and southeastern Thailand",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731946","ruchor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruchor1","avibase-8454CE68",null,null,"'The great hills which run N. and S. through the Tenasserim provinces.'","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/310/mode/1up","Buceros Tickelli"],["8978","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anorrhinus austeni","Jerdon, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.5 p.6","Austen's Brown Hornbill","Brown Hornbill","Austen's Brown Hornbill",null,null,"Assam, Myanmar, and southwestern China to Thailand and Indochina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731941","brnhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnhor1","avibase-71A029B9",null,null,"Asalu, Cachar Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/26/mode/1up","Anorhinus austeni"],["8979","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Ocyceros","Hume, 1873","Nests and eggs of Indian birds: rough draft p.113",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros birostris [Scopoli, 1786]; type by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1882, Monogr. Bucerot., pt. 10, p. xvii).  ",null,null,null,"Ocyceros"],["8980","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Ocyceros birostris","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.87","Indian Grey Hornbill","Indian Gray Hornbill","Indian Grey Hornbill",null,null,"northeastern Pakistan, India, and northwestern Bangladesh",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682429","inghor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inghor2","avibase-FD5AD57F",null,null,"Coromandel, India.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Buceros birostris"],["8981","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Ocyceros griseus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.147","Malabar Grey Hornbill","Malabar Gray Hornbill","Malabar Grey Hornbill",null,null,"moist deciduous forest of southwestern India",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682421","maghor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maghor2","avibase-2BE24F91",null,null,"New Holland = Malabar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/169/mode/1up","Buceros griseus"],["8982","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Ocyceros gingalensis","(Shaw, 1811)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.37","Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill","Sri Lanka Gray Hornbill","Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill",null,null,"moist deciduous forest of Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682425","ceghor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceghor1","avibase-51D20ACB",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/57/mode/1up","Buceros Gingalensis"],["8983","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.xlix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros monoceros [Shaw, 1811]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 83). = Buceros coronatus Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/119/mode/1up","Anthracoceros"],["8984","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros malayanus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.292","Black Hornbill","Black Hornbill","Black Hornbill",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682441","blahor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blahor1","avibase-6DC62BCF",null,null,"Malacca.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/324/mode/1up","Buceros malayanus"],["8985","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros montani","(Oustalet, 1880)","Bulletin Hebdomadaire de l'Association Scientifique de France (2), 2 p.205","Sulu Hornbill","Sulu Hornbill","Sulu Hornbill",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Jolo, Tawitawi, and Sanga Sanga)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682447","sulhor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulhor2","avibase-C2775FA0",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago.","Description de deux oiseaux nouveaux des îles Sooloo.",null,"Buceros Montani"],["8986","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros coronatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53","Malabar Pied Hornbill","Malabar Pied-Hornbill","Malabar Pied Hornbill",null,null,"mixed forest of southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682433","maphor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maphor1","avibase-079BC769",null,null,"Philippines, error = Malabar, based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 873.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Buceros Coronatus"],["8987","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros marchei","Oustalet, 1885","Le Naturaliste 7 p.108","Palawan Hornbill","Palawan Hornbill","Palawan Hornbill",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Busuanga, and Calauit)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682444","palhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palhor1","avibase-87269308",null,null,"Palawan, Busuanga and Balabac.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles faisant partie de la collection ornithologique du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105819#page/123/mode/1up","Anthracoceros marchei"],["8988","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros albirostris","(Shaw, 1808)","The naturalist's miscellany 19, no.8 pl.809","Oriental Pied Hornbill","Oriental Pied-Hornbill","Oriental Pied Hornbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, open woodland, and plantations, from northwestern and east-central India eastward to southern China and northern Vietnam, and southward through southeastern Asia and Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas and associated islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682437","orphor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orphor1","avibase-082CFEA6",null,null,"India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126498#page/173/mode/1up","Buceros albirostris"],["8989","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros albirostris albirostris","(Shaw, 1808)","The naturalist's miscellany 19, no.8 pl.809",null,null,null,null,null,"India to Assam, Nepal, Myanmar, southern China, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34BCDAC2",null,null,"India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126498#page/173/mode/1up","Buceros albirostris"],["8990","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Anthracoceros albirostris convexus","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.89, vol.2 pl.530",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1EBAC05",null,null,"Sumatra, Java and Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/173/mode/1up","Buceros convexus"],["8991","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Aceros","Hodgson, 1844","The zoological miscellany 3 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aceros nipalensis [Hodgson, 1844]; type by monotypy = Buceros nipalensis Hodgson, 1829",null,"Catalogue of Nipalese Birds collected between 1824 and 1844.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/105/mode/1up","Aceros"],["8992","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Aceros nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1829)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 18 pt1 p.178 pl.1,2","Rufous-necked Hornbill","Rufous-necked Hornbill","Rufous-necked Hornbill",null,null,"Himalayan foothills to southwestern China and northern southeastern Asia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682510","runhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runhor1","avibase-01391B1A",null,null,"No locality = Nepal by inference.","On a new species of Buceros.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211950#page/273/mode/1up","Buceros Nipalensis"],["8993","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhyticeros","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.l",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros plicatus [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 84). = Buceros plicatus J.R. Forster, 1781  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/121/mode/1up","Rhyticeros"],["8994","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhyticeros cassidix","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.36, vol.2 pl.210","Knobbed Hornbill","Knobbed Hornbill","Knobbed Hornbill",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Lembeh and Togian Islands (off northeast), and Muna and Buton (off southeast)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682525","knohor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/knohor1","avibase-A535F76B",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/139/mode/1up","Buceros cassidix"],["8995","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhyticeros everetti","Rothschild, 1898","Journal für Ornithologie 45, no.4 p.513","Sumba Hornbill","Sumba Hornbill","Sumba Hornbill",null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682535","sumhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumhor1","avibase-CDBB9B38",null,null,"Monjeli (=Manjeli), Sumba Island.","[Über einen neuen Nashornvogel von Sumba].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103562#page/535/mode/1up","Rhytidoceros everetti"],["8996","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhyticeros undulatus","(Shaw, 1811)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.26","Wreathed Hornbill","Wreathed Hornbill","Wreathed Hornbill",null,null,"northeastern India to southwestern China, southeastern Asia, and Greater Sundas",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682528","wrehor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrehor1","avibase-3C98DDBC",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/46/mode/1up","Buceros undulatus"],["8997","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhyticeros subruficollis","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.177","Plain-pouched Hornbill","Plain-pouched Hornbill","Plain-pouched Hornbill",null,null,"southern Myanmar, southwestern and southern Thailand, and northern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682541","plphor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plphor1","avibase-FAA31B81",null,null,"Tenasserim.","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday Evening, 10th February, 1843.) Report].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/215/mode/1up","Buceros subruficollis"],["8998","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhyticeros plicatus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40","Blyth's Hornbill","Blyth's Hornbill","Papuan Hornbill",null,null,"northern Moluccas eastward to Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682544","blyhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blyhor1","avibase-524408DF",null,null,"Seram (restricted to \"Ceram\" by Rothschild & Hartert, 1902. Nov. Zool. 9:587. Based on \"Dampier III, 231\").","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.416,%22panY%22:0.363,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.003}","Buceros plicatus"],["8999","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhyticeros narcondami","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.411","Narcondam Hornbill","Narcondam Hornbill","Narcondam Hornbill",null,null,"lowland forest of Narcondam (northern Andaman Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682531","narhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/narhor1","avibase-E3E8456E",null,null,"Narcondam Island.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/439/mode/1up","Rhyticeros narcondami"],["9000","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhabdotorrhinus","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1898","The birds of Celebes and the neighbouring islands 1, 1898 p.xi, p. 235.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros exarhatus [Temminck]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Rhabdotorrhinus"],["9001","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.592","Writhed Hornbill","Writhed Hornbill","Writhed Hornbill",null,null,"southern Philippines (Camiguin, Dinagat, and Mindanao)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682522","wrihor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrihor2","avibase-400BE12E",null,null,"Moluccas = Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/616/mode/1up","Buceros leucocephalus"],["9002","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni","(Sharpe, 1877)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 13 p.156","Walden's Hornbill","Writhe-billed Hornbill","Rufous-headed Hornbill",null,null,"central Philippines (Panay, Guimaras, and Negros)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682517","wrbhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrbhor1","avibase-522A2DFD",null,null,"Mountains west of Ilo Ilo, Panay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98585#page/170/mode/1up","Craniorrhinus waldeni"],["9003","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.90, vol.2 pl.531","Wrinkled Hornbill","Wrinkled Hornbill","Wrinkled Hornbill",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682514","wrihor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrihor1","avibase-9C62A324",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/177/mode/1up","Buceros corrugatus"],["9004","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.36, vol.2 pl.211","Sulawesi Hornbill","Sulawesi Hornbill","Sulawesi Hornbill",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682504","sulhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulhor1","avibase-C0BD105F",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/189/mode/1up","Bucuceros exarhatus"],["9005","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus exarhatus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.36, vol.2 pl.211",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi and Lembeh Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C7BCBAF",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/189/mode/1up","Bucuceros exarhatus"],["9006","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus sanfordi","Stresemann, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Sulawesi, Muna, Buton, and Togian islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CC6A378",null,null,"Masembo, 550 meters, Mengkoka Mountains, Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=8","Rhabdotorrhinus exaratus sanfordi"],["9007","genus","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides","Reichenbach, 1849","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.xlix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buceros panini [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 84).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/119/mode/1up","Penelopides"],["9008","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides panini","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48","Visayan Hornbill","Visayan Hornbill","Visayan Hornbill",null,null,"West Visayas (west-central Philippines)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682494","tarhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tarhor1","avibase-56D5A470",null,null,"Island of Panay, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 780-781.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Buceros Panini"],["9009","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides panini ticaensis","Hachisuka, 1930","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines no.2 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Ticao Island (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-825FB2CB",null,null,"Ticao.",null,null,"Penelopides panini ticaensis"],["9010","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides panini panini","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Panay, Masbate, Guimaras, Negros, Pan de Azucar, and Sicogon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07016E5B",null,null,"Island of Panay, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 780-781.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Buceros Panini"],["9011","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides mindorensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.13","Mindoro Hornbill","Mindoro Hornbill","Mindoro Hornbill",null,null,"Mindoro (central Philippines)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682491","minhor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minhor2","avibase-ED3D5F4C",null,null,"No locality; Mindoro by inference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/17/mode/1up","Penelopides Mindorensis"],["9012","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides manillae","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54","Luzon Hornbill","Luzon Hornbill","Luzon Hornbill",null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Marinduque, and Catanduanes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682488","luzhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzhor1","avibase-FB6FE713",null,null,"Manila, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 891.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Buceros Manillae"],["9013","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides manillae manillae","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon, including Marinduque, Catanduanes and adjacent islets (to southeast of Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1DB27AE",null,null,"Manila, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 891.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Buceros Manillae"],["9014","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides manillae subniger","McGregor, 1910","The Philippine Journal of Science 5 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Polillo and Patnanongan Islands (off east-central Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49E019C6",null,null,"near Polillo, Island of Polillo, September 19, 1909, by R. C. McGregor and A. Celestino","Birds Collected in the Island of Polillo","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107001#page/164/mode/1up","Penelopides subnigra"],["9015","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides samarensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.13","Samar Hornbill","Samar Hornbill",null,"2025-0696","Taxon <em>samarensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Penelopides affinis</em> (polytypic) based on levels of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Gonzalez et al. 2013). Further research is needed as genetic data are limited, phenotypic differences are minor, and no evidence of behavioral or ecological differences has been presented in support of this treatment.","Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Calicoan, and Bohol)",null,null,null,"samhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samhor1","avibase-A6F198A6",null,null,"Samar and Leyte.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/17/mode/1up","Penelopides Samarensis"],["9016","species","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides affinis","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.534","Mindanao Hornbill","Mindanao Hornbill",null,"2025-0696","Taxon <em>samarensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Penelopides affinis</em> (polytypic) based on levels of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Gonzalez et al. 2013). Further research is needed as genetic data are limited, phenotypic differences are minor, and no evidence of behavioral or ecological differences has been presented in support of this treatment.","Mindanao group (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,"minhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minhor1","avibase-12D638FA",null,null,"Butuan, Mindanao.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/548/mode/1up","Penelopides affinis"],["9017","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides affinis affinis","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.534",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Dinagat, and Siargao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-944FFD87",null,null,"Butuan, Mindanao.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/548/mode/1up","Penelopides affinis"],["9018","subspecies","Bucerotiformes","Bucerotidae","Hornbills","Penelopides affinis basilanicus","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8E5B0C6",null,null,"Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/17/mode/1up","Penelopides Basilanica"],["9019","order","Coraciiformes",null,null,"Coraciiformes",null,null,"Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, Rollers, and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9020","family","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Brachypteraciidae",null,null,"Ground Rollers","Ground-Rollers","Ground-rollers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"brachy2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brachy2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9021","genus","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Geobiastes","Sharpe, 1871","Catalogue of African birds in the collection of R. B. Sharpe p.5",null,null,null,"2025-0034","Taxon <em>squamiger </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Geobiastes </em>based on genetics. <em>Brachypteracias sensu lato </em>was not recovered as monophyletic by mitochondrial DNA (Kirchman et al. 2001) or genomic (McCullough et al. 2019) data, with <em>squamiger </em>basal to a clade containing <em>B. leptosomus, Atelornis</em>, and <em>Uratelornis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Brachypteracias squamiger [Lafresnaye, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Geobiastes"],["9022","species","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Geobiastes squamiger","(de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.9 p.224","Scaly Ground Roller","Scaly Ground-Roller","Scaly Ground-roller",null,null,"dense rainforest of central and northeastern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682937","scagrr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scagrr1","avibase-7821A1F0",null,null,"Madagascar.","Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/232/mode/1up","Brachypteracias squamigera"],["9023","genus","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Brachypteracias","de Lafresnaye, 1834","Magasin de Zoologie 4, cl.2 text to pl.31-32, p.1; pl.31-32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Colaris leptosomus [Lesson, 1833]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 9).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114095#page/51/mode/1up","Brachypteracias"],["9024","species","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Brachypteracias leptosomus","(Lesson, 1833)","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.7 text to pl.20","Short-legged Ground Roller","Short-legged Ground-Roller","Short-legged Ground-roller",null,null,"dense rainforest of central and northeastern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682931","slgrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slgrol1","avibase-E86394DA",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/109/mode/1up","Colaris leptosomus"],["9025","genus","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Uratelornis","Rothschild, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.4 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Uratelornis chimaera [Rothschild, 1895]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A new species and genus of Rollers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/505/mode/1up","Uratelornis"],["9026","species","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Uratelornis chimaera","Rothschild, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.4 p.479","Long-tailed Ground Roller","Long-tailed Ground-Roller","Long-tailed Ground-roller",null,null,"subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682969","ltgrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltgrol1","avibase-88D07E4B",null,null,"Madagascar.","A new species and genus of Rollers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/505/mode/1up","Uratelornis chimaera"],["9027","genus","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Atelornis","Pucheran, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Brachypteracias pittoides [Lafresnaye, 1834]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 13).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/214/mode/1up","Atelornis"],["9028","species","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Atelornis pittoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1834)","Magasin de Zoologie 4, cl.2 text to pl.31-32, p.7-9; pl.32","Pitta-like Ground Roller","Pitta-like Ground-Roller","Pitta-like Ground-roller",null,null,"humid forest of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682955","plgrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plgrol1","avibase-D5C06D94",null,null,"Madagascar.","BRACHYPTEROLLE. BRACHYPTERACIAS. De Lafresnaye. (Famille des Rolliers.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114095#page/57/mode/1up","Brachypteracias pittoides"],["9029","species","Coraciiformes","Brachypteraciidae","Ground Rollers","Atelornis crossleyi","Sharpe, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.74 pl.14","Rufous-headed Ground Roller","Rufous-headed Ground-Roller","Rufous-headed Ground-roller",null,null,"rainforest of central and northeastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682961","rhgrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhgrol1","avibase-9D600C9B",null,null,"Ampasmonhavo, Madagascar.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/128/mode/1up","Atelornis crossleyi"],["9030","family","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coraciidae",null,null,"Rollers","Rollers","Rollers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"coraci1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coraci1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9031","genus","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.37",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coracias orientalis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Coracias orientalis Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f43.item","Eurystomus"],["9032","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus gularis","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.426","Blue-throated Roller","Blue-throated Roller","Blue-throated Roller",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, gallery forest, and plantations with large trees, from Guinea-Bissau and Guinea eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682916","bltrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltrol1","avibase-8FFDE282",null,null,"'Australasie,' error = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/440/mode/1up","Eurystomus gularis"],["9033","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus gularis gularis","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Guinea and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAAAED6D",null,null,"'Australasie,' error = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/440/mode/1up","Eurystomus gularis"],["9034","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus gularis neglectus","Neumann, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Uganda and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C6BF238",null,null,"Canhoça, Angola (09°15'S; 14°35'E.)","Neue Africanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/44/mode/1up","Eurystomus gularis neglectus"],["9035","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus glaucurus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.86","Broad-billed Roller","Broad-billed Roller","Broad-billed Roller",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded grassland, riverine forest, acacia and miombo woodland, juniper and coastal forest, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea and western Ethiopia, and southward to central Angola and northeastern Namibia to northeastern South Africa, and Madagascar; Madagascar population migrates to central and eastern Africa after breeding, and some African populations are intra-African migrants",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682912","brbrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbrol1","avibase-4F01F416",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/106/mode/1up","Coracias glaucurus"],["9036","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus glaucurus aethiopicus","Neumann, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4845E11",null,null,"Schekko, upper Gelo River, Ethiopia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/198/mode/1up","Eurystomus afer aethiopicus"],["9037","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus glaucurus afer","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Sudan, coastal western Africa, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57DFD59F",null,null,"Africa = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/194/mode/1up","Coracias afra"],["9038","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus glaucurus suahelicus","Neumann, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"central Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Somalia, Angola, northeastern Zambia, and eastern South Africa (to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B5596C2",null,null,"Tschara, Tana River, Kenya Colony.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/200/mode/1up","Eurystomus afer suahelicus"],["9039","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus glaucurus glaucurus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar; non-breeding migrant to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27ABC4CE",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/106/mode/1up","Coracias glaucurus"],["9040","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus azureus","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.346","Azure Dollarbird","Azure Dollarbird","Azure Dollarbird",null,null,"northern Moluccas",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682926","purrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purrol1","avibase-7852EFAE",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/444/mode/1up","Eurystomus azureus"],["9041","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.159","Oriental Dollarbird","Oriental Dollarbird","Oriental Dollarbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill rainforest, woodland, savanna, and farmland with copses, in northwestern India from Uttarakhand eastward to northeastern China, Ussuriland (Russia), and Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), and southward to southwestern India, Sri Lanka, Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea region, Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes, and northern and eastern Australia; northern and southern populations migrate to tropics after breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682920","dollar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dollar1","avibase-924BAB9C",null,null,"'India orientali' = Java, apud Stresemann.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/163/mode/1up","Coracias orientalis"],["9042","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis cyanocollis","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas to northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula; winters to Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E41280A7",null,null,"les Indes' [=Chandannagar, West Bengal; fide Stresemann, 1952.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/439/mode/1up","Eurystomus cyanocollis"],["9043","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis orientalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern India to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) and southeastern Asia, the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Philippines; winters to southeastern India, Philippines, Sulawesi, and Halmahera",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B3A7EE9",null,null,"'India orientali' = Java, apud Stresemann.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/163/mode/1up","Coracias orientalis"],["9044","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis laetior","Sharpe, 1890","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890, pt.3, no.37 p.551",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (southern Western Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76FCCEAB",null,null,"Forests of Malabar, the Nilgiris and Ceylon.","Notes on Specimens in the Hume Collection of Birds. No. 6. On the Coraciidae of the Indian Region, with Descriptions of some new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91455#page/695/mode/1up","Eurystomus laetior"],["9045","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis gigas","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.297,299",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8234A10C",null,null,"Rutland Island, Andaman Islands.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/317/mode/1up","Eurystomus orientalis gigas"],["9046","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis irisi","Deraniyagala, 1951","Spolia Zeylanica 26 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC440A93",null,null,"Maha-oya, Ceylon [=Sri Lanka]","A new race of Broad-billed Roller from Ceylon.",null,"Eurystomus orientalis irisi"],["9047","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis oberholseri","Junge, 1936","Temminckia 1 p.30 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue Island (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-878912C8",null,null,"Sinabang, Simalur Island.","Fauan Simalurensis - Aves.",null,"Eurystomus orientalis oberholseri"],["9048","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis pacificus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxvii",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in the Lesser Sundas and northernmost Australia, probably also southern Sulawesi and the Sula Islands; also breeds northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia eastward to eastern Victoria); southern populations winter northward to New Guinea and Wallacea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEA4FBB6",null,null,"Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/33/mode/1up","Coracias pacifica"],["9049","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis waigiouensis","Elliot, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.2 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), and D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6B2509E",null,null,"Waigeu.","Description of an apparently new Bird of the Genus Eurystomus, with a List of the known Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/239/mode/1up","Eurystomus waigiouensis"],["9050","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis crassirostris","Sclater, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6377B763",null,null,"Solomon Islands, error = New Ireland, fide Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 709, 1934, p. 6-8.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/165/mode/1up","Eurystomus crassirostris"],["9051","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Eurystomus orientalis solomonensis","Sharpe, 1890","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890, pt.3, no.37 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,"Feni Islands (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago) and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91003D51",null,null,"Solomon Islands.","Notes on Specimens in the Hume Collection of Birds. No. 6. On the Coraciidae of the Indian Region, with Descriptions of some new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91455#page/696/mode/1up","Eurystomus solomonensis"],["9052","genus","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coracias garrulus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 13).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Coracias"],["9053","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias cyanogaster","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.401","Blue-bellied Roller","Blue-bellied Roller","Blue-bellied Roller",null,null,"Senegambia to Central African Republic, southern South Sudan, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682908","blbrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbrol1","avibase-306C892E",null,null,"Java, error = Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/443/mode/1up","Coracias cyanogaster"],["9054","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias spatulatus","Trimen, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.31","Racket-tailed Roller","Racket-tailed Roller","Racquet-tailed Roller",null,null,"tropical southwestern Angola to northeastern Tanzania and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682883","ratrol2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ratrol2","avibase-BB456342",null,null,"Leshumo Valley, near Victoria Falls, Rhodesia.","On a new Species of Roller (Coracias) from the Zambesi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/65/mode/1up","Coracias spatulatus"],["9055","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias naevius","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.258","Purple Roller","Purple Roller","Purple Roller",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia savanna, open woodland, and shrubby hillsides, from Senegambia eastward through the Sahel to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to central Namibia and eastern South Africa; many populations are intra-African migrants after breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682892","rucrol2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucrol2","avibase-2624054E",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/284/mode/1up","Coracias noevia"],["9056","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias naevius naevius","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Somalia, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B9ED7F4",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/284/mode/1up","Coracias noevia"],["9057","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias naevius mosambicus","Dresser, 1890","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.7 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and Namibia to Zambia and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D9D25DA",null,null,"'South Africa generally'.","[Letter from Topclyffe Grange, Farnborough, R.S.O., Kent, Feb. 28, 1890].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/414/mode/1up","Coracias mosambicus"],["9058","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias benghalensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106","Indian Roller","Indian Roller","Indian Roller",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, farmland, plantations, and villages, from central Iraq and southeastern Arabia eastward to Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, some populations undertake short-distance migration to western Iraq and eastern Arabia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725914","indrol2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indrol2","avibase-4F404CB9",null,null,"Bengal, i.e. Madras fide Hartert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus benghalensis"],["9059","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias benghalensis benghalensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Arabia to northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54ED16E2",null,null,"Bengal, i.e. Madras fide Hartert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus benghalensis"],["9060","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias benghalensis indicus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDD3AD34",null,null,"East Indies, = Ceylon, ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/163/mode/1up","Coracias indica"],["9061","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias temminckii","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.435","Purple-winged Roller","Purple-winged Roller","Purple-winged Roller",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Lembeh, Bangka, and Manterawu (off northeast), and Muna and Buton islands (off southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682905","puwrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puwrol1","avibase-B8895D02",null,null,"India = Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/451/mode/1up","Garrulus Temminckii"],["9062","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias affinis","Horsfield, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.164","Indochinese Roller","Indochinese Roller","Indochinese Roller",null,null,"northeastern India to south-central China, northern Malayan Peninsula, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725924","indrol3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indrol3","avibase-959FEC0D",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/694/mode/1up","Coracias affinis"],["9063","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias caudatus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.160","Lilac-breasted Roller","Lilac-breasted Roller","Lilac-breasted Roller",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia and riverine woodland, and open grassland, from northern Angola, southern Uganda, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to eastern Namibia and southern South Africa; some populations entirely intra-African migrants after breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682874","librol2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/librol2","avibase-9E9B6EF9",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/164/mode/1up","Coracias caudata"],["9064","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias caudatus lorti","Shelley, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia southward to Lake Turkana, Somalia, and northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19EDD44C",null,null,"Plateau south of Berbera, Somaliland.","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/445/mode/1up","Coracias lorti"],["9065","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias caudatus caudatus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda and southern and western Kenya southward to northern Namibia and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB08E501",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/164/mode/1up","Coracias caudata"],["9066","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias abyssinicus","Hermann, 1783","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.197","Abyssinian Roller","Abyssinian Roller","Abyssinian Roller",null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya; central Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682865","abyrol2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abyrol2","avibase-E7C7EE3A",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/217/mode/1up","Coracias abyssinica"],["9067","species","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias garrulus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107","European Roller","European Roller","European Roller",null,null,"breeds lowland to montane open woodland, plains with scattered trees, and farmland, from northwestern Africa, and southern and eastern Europe eastward to Kazakhstan, southwestern Siberia, and northwestern China, and southward to Asia Minor, eastern Arabian Peninsula, and northern Pakistan; entire population migrates to sub-Saharan Africa post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682860","eurrol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurrol1","avibase-7451A628",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Coracias Garrulus"],["9068","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias garrulus garrulus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Africa, Europe to Iran and southwestern Siberia; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA94D9B3",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Coracias Garrulus"],["9069","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Coraciidae","Rollers","Coracias garrulus semenowi","Loudon & Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1902","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 13 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iraq to western Xinjiang and southern Kazakhstan; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42F95C86",null,null,"Transcaspia.","Coracias garrulus semenowi n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209500#page/166/mode/1up","Coracias garrulus semenowi"],["9070","family","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Meropidae",null,null,"Bee-eaters","Bee-eaters","Bee-eaters",null,null,null,null,null,null,"meropi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meropi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9071","genus","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Nyctyornis","Jardine & Selby, 1830","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 addenda, text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merops amictus [Temminck, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 11).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/362/mode/1up","Nyctyornis"],["9072","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Nyctyornis amictus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.52, vol.4 pl.310","Red-bearded Bee-eater","Red-bearded Bee-eater","Red-bearded Bee-eater",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683661","rbbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbbeat1","avibase-793BF787",null,null,"Bencoolen, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/289/mode/1up","Merops amictus"],["9073","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Nyctyornis athertoni","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.4 pl.58, with text","Blue-bearded Bee-eater","Blue-bearded Bee-eater","Blue-bearded Bee-eater",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, wooded ravines, and mossy forest, from southern Himalayas, Western and Eastern ghats of Peninsular India, eastward to south-central China (including Hainan), northern Vietnam, and southward to southeastern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683664","bbbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbbeat1","avibase-5C15B5FC",null,null,"India = near Bangalore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/23/mode/1up","Merops athertoni"],["9074","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Nyctyornis athertoni athertoni","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.4 pl.58, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"India to southwestern China and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C94FDCD7",null,null,"India = near Bangalore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/23/mode/1up","Merops athertoni"],["9075","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Nyctyornis athertoni brevicaudatus","(Koelz, 1939)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CA490D4",null,null,"Cheteriana, Hainan.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/101/mode/1up","Alcemerops athertoni brevicaudata"],["9076","genus","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Meropogon","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Meropogon forsteni [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/268/mode/1up","Meropogon"],["9077","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Meropogon forsteni","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.164","Purple-bearded Bee-eater","Purple-bearded Bee-eater","Purple-bearded Bee-eater",null,null,"humid forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683667","pbbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pbbeat1","avibase-34E92BE0",null,null,"Tondano, n. Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/268/mode/1up","Meropogon forsteni"],["9078","genus","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merops apiaster [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/135/mode/1up","Merops"],["9079","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops breweri","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.34","Black-headed Bee-eater","Black-headed Bee-eater","Black-headed Bee-eater",null,null,"coastal Gabon and locally along Congo River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683706","bhbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhbeat1","avibase-4A34E9CE",null,null,"Ogobai River, a branch of the Camma river, Gaboon  [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/52/mode/1up","Meropogon Breweri"],["9080","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops bullockoides","Smith, 1834","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.4, pt.1 p.320","White-fronted Bee-eater","White-fronted Bee-eater","White-fronted Bee-eater",null,null,"Gabon eastward to Kenya, southward to southern Angola, central South Africa, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683684","wfbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfbeat1","avibase-38507A80",null,null,"South Africa, restricted to the Marico district, Transvaal, by Grant and Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 57, 1937, p. 129.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/340/mode/1up","Merops Bullockoides"],["9081","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops bulocki","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.13","Red-throated Bee-eater","Red-throated Bee-eater","Red-throated Bee-eater",null,null,"lowland and foothill wooded savanna, often along rivers and seasonal streams, cliffs by dry watercourses, and edges of marsh and gallery forest, from Senegambia eastward through Sahel to southeastern Sudan and northwestern Ethiopia, and southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Uganda; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683680","rtbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtbeat1","avibase-E6DC5DA1",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/23/mode/1up","Merops Bulocki"],["9082","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops bulocki bulocki","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Chad (Chari River) and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-557D381E",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/23/mode/1up","Merops Bulocki"],["9083","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops bulocki frenatus","Hartlaub, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.9 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Saharan Sudan and adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo to northwestern Uganda and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F580702",null,null,"Sennar.","Ornithologie Miscellen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/893/mode/1up","Merops frenatus"],["9084","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops revoilii","Oustalet, 1882","Faune et Flore des Pays Çomalis (Afrique Orientale) p.5 pl.1","Somali Bee-eater","Somali Bee-eater","Somali Bee-eater",null,null,"arid thornscrub of eastern Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683710","sobeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sobeat1","avibase-AFA39D5A",null,null,"Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113580#page/17/mode/1up","Merops Revoilii"],["9085","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops boehmi","Reichenow, 1882","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.62","Böhm's Bee-eater","Böhm's Bee-eater","Böhm's Bee-eater",null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Africa (Malawi and adjacent countries)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683728","bobeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bobeat1","avibase-30238523",null,null,"Bumi, Tanganyika Territory.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Merops (Melittophagus) boehmi"],["9086","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops gularis","Shaw, 1798","The naturalist's miscellany 9, no.10 textpl.337","Black Bee-eater","Black Bee-eater","Black Bee-eater",null,null,"lowland and foothill Upper Guinea and Congolian rainforest, gallery forest in savanna, and oil palm bush, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683670","blbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbeat1","avibase-3B472CF5",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124620#page/231/mode/1up","Merops gularis"],["9087","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops gularis gularis","Shaw, 1798","The naturalist's miscellany 9, no.10 textpl.337",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Sierra Leone to Nigeria (Cross River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-020EAC36",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124620#page/231/mode/1up","Merops gularis"],["9088","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops gularis australis","(Reichenow, 1885)","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.170 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria (Cross River) to Uganda and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F60F3A50",null,null,"Angola and Congo.","[Über die Verschiedenheiten südlicher und nördlicher Exemplare von Melittophaga gularis].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/234/mode/1up","Melittophaga gularis australis"],["9089","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops muelleri","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.37","Blue-headed Bee-eater","Blue-headed Bee-eater","Blue-headed Bee-eater",null,null,"Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736507","bhbeat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhbeat2","avibase-72CAA64D",null,null,"Muni River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/51/mode/1up","Meropiscus Mülleri"],["9090","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops mentalis","Cabanis, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.185 p.78","Blue-moustached Bee-eater","Blue-moustached Bee-eater","Blue-moustached Bee-eater",null,null,"Mali and Sierra Leone to Cameroon (Douala)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736513","bumbee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bumbee1","avibase-51ADCEDC",null,null,"Cameroon.","[Über eine kleine Sendung von Vögeln aus dem Kamerun-Gebiete].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/90/mode/1up","Merops mentalis"],["9091","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops variegatus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.25","Blue-breasted Bee-eater","Blue-breasted Bee-eater","Blue-breasted Bee-eater","2025-0264","Taxon <em>lafresnayii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Merops variegatus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, size, vocalizations, and habitat. Sometimes treated as conspecific with montane <em>M. oreobates </em>but differs in plumage, and possibly vocalizations; occasional reports of intermediacy in some plumage traits (Turner 2010) requires investigation. Genetic data needed to affirm species limits in this complex.","lowland to montane marsh, reedy lakeshore and papyrus, and wet grassland, from far southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon eastward to Uganda and western Kenya, and southward to south-central Angola and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61627052","bbbeat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbbeat2","avibase-A90C512F",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/35/mode/1up","Merops variegatus"],["9092","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops variegatus loringi","(Mearns, 1915)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48, no.2076 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon to Uganda and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C58D364",null,null,"Butiaba, Lake Albert, Uganda.","Descriptions of new African birds of the genera Francolinus, Chalcopelia, Cinnyris, Chalcomitra, Anthreptes, Estrilda, Halcyon, Melittophagus and Colius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110977#page/459/mode/1up","Melittophagus variegatus loringi"],["9093","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops variegatus variegatus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon, Río Muni (Equatorial Guinea) and southwestern Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6355E1EA",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/35/mode/1up","Merops variegatus"],["9094","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops variegatus bangweoloensis","(Grant, 1915)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and far western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3973E05E",null,null,"Luena district, north-eastern Rhodesia.","Description of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/85/mode/1up","Melittophagus variegatus bangweoloensis"],["9095","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops pusillus","Müller, 1776","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.95","Little Bee-eater","Little Bee-eater","Little Bee-eater",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan distribution in lowland and foothill wooded grassland, lakeshore, riverbanks, grassy clearings in forest, and brushy sand dunes, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to northern Namibia, eastern Botswana, and eastern South Africa; some are nomadic post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683688","libeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/libeat1","avibase-C0A68CA0",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/115/mode/1up","Merops pusillus"],["9096","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops pusillus pusillus","Müller, 1776","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"savannas from Senegambia to Cameroon, Sudan, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AF50E98",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/115/mode/1up","Merops pusillus"],["9097","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops pusillus ocularis","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (east of the range of pusillus) northeast to the Red Sea coast of Sudan and northern Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CF8D832",null,null,"Northeastern Africa from Nubia to the region of the Gazelle River; type said to be from Kordofan.","Über Melittophagus cyanostictus und Verwandte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/104/mode/1up","Melittophagus pusillus ocularis"],["9098","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops pusillus cyanostictus","Cabanis, 1869","Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859-1865 3 pt1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia to Somalia and eastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10661D6E",null,null,"Mombasa and Dschagga.",null,null,"Merops cyanostictus"],["9099","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops pusillus meridionalis","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.45 pl.1 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo basin to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya southward to eastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48DD795D",null,null,"'South-eastern Africa from Natal to the Zambesi, and thence to the Zanzibar district on the east coast and to Angola and the Lower Congo on the west'; restricted type locality, Pinetown, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/59/mode/1up","Melittophagus meridionalis"],["9100","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops pusillus argutus","Clancey, 1967","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 87 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to southwestern Zambia and Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8DCA3FE",null,null,"Nata River, Nata, north-eastern Botswana","A new race of the Little Bee-eater from the South West Arid District of Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/218/mode/1up","Merops pusillus argutus"],["9101","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops hirundineus","Lichtenstein, 1793","Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum (etc.). Sectio prima p.21 no.213","Swallow-tailed Bee-eater","Swallow-tailed Bee-eater","Swallow-tailed Bee-eater",null,null,"disjunctly north and south of the Equator, in lowland and foothill savanna woodland, riverine thickets, and semi-desert with scattered acacia, from Senegambia eastward to southwestern Ethiopia and northern Uganda, and from northern Angola eastward to northeastern Tanzania, and southward to Namibia and northern South Africa; widely nomadic post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683702","stbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbeat1","avibase-910E6D86",null,null,"No locality = Orange River, South Africa, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48345#page/45/mode/1up","Merops hirundineus"],["9102","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops hirundineus chrysolaimus","Jardine & Selby, 1830","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.6 pl.99, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southern Chad and northwestern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06CCDF73",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, Sierra Leone and the river Gambia = Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/285/mode/1up","Merops chrysolaimus"],["9103","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops hirundineus heuglini","(Neumann, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan and adjacent Ethiopia, Uganda, and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E67020C4",null,null,"Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal.","On two new subspecies of Bee-eater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/139/mode/1up","Dicrocercus hirundineus heuglini"],["9104","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops hirundineus furcatus","Stanley, 1814","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lvii",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Tanzania, Zambia, southern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8292694F",null,null,"Adowa, Ethiopia, error = Mozambique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/657/mode/1up","Merops furcatus"],["9105","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops hirundineus hirundineus","Lichtenstein, 1793","Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum (etc.). Sectio prima p.21 no.213",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and Namibia to Zimbabwe and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C40E61F",null,null,"No locality = Orange River, South Africa, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48345#page/45/mode/1up","Merops hirundineus"],["9106","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops lafresnayii","Guérin-Méneville, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.322","Ethiopian Bee-eater","Ethiopian Bee-eater","Ethiopian Bee-eater","2025-0264","Taxon <em>lafresnayii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Merops variegatus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, size, vocalizations, and habitat. Sometimes treated as conspecific with montane <em>M. oreobates </em>but differs in plumage, and possibly vocalizations; occasional reports of intermediacy in some plumage traits (Turner 2010) requires investigation. Genetic data needed to affirm species limits in this complex.","Ethiopia to Sudan (Boma Hills)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61627085","bubbee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubbee2","avibase-D0C68FE0",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Oiseaux nouveaux découverts par MM. Ferret et Galinier pendant leur voyage en Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/330/mode/1up","Merops Lafresnayii"],["9107","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops oreobates","(Sharpe, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.320","Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater","Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater","Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater","2025-0264","Taxon <em>lafresnayii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Merops variegatus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, size, vocalizations, and habitat. Sometimes treated as conspecific with montane <em>M. oreobates </em>but differs in plumage, and possibly vocalizations; occasional reports of intermediacy in some plumage traits (Turner 2010) requires investigation. Genetic data needed to affirm species limits in this complex.","highland forest of eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683697","ccbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ccbeat1","avibase-B85B93BB",null,null,"Save' [i.e. Sabei], 6000 feet, and Kimangishi, Mt. Elgon, East Africa.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part IV. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/352/mode/1up","Melittophagus oreobates"],["9108","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops albicollis","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.15","White-throated Bee-eater","White-throated Bee-eater","White-throated Bee-eater",null,null,"subdesert steppes of sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683714","wtbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtbeat1","avibase-03C4A0C9",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/25/mode/1up","Merops albicollis"],["9109","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops malimbicus","Shaw, 1806","The naturalist's miscellany 17, no.5 textpl.701","Rosy Bee-eater","Rosy Bee-eater","Rosy Bee-eater",null,null,"humid forest of western and central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683764","robeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robeat1","avibase-32E6DB03",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125378#page/105/mode/1up","Merops malimbicus"],["9110","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops nubicus","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.464","Northern Carmine Bee-eater","Northern Carmine Bee-eater","Northern Carmine Bee-eater",null,null,"savanna and grassland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683768","ncbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ncbeat1","avibase-2125426A",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/476/mode/1up","Merops nubicus"],["9111","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops nubicoides","des Murs & Pucheran, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.243","Southern Carmine Bee-eater","Southern Carmine Bee-eater","Southern Carmine Bee-eater",null,null,"acacia savanna of central and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683772","scbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbeat1","avibase-B34CB92A",null,null,"Port Natal, error = Ouri River, Transvaal.","Description d'une autre espèce nouvelle de Guêpier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/257/mode/1up","Merops nubicoides"],["9112","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops leschenaulti","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.17","Chestnut-headed Bee-eater","Chestnut-headed Bee-eater","Chestnut-headed Bee-eater",null,null,"open woodland, clearings, beach scrub, sand dunes, and riversides, from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India from southern Maharashtra southward, the Eastern Ghats, and Sri Lanka, and sub-Himalayan India from Himachal Pradesh eastward to northern Myanmar and Bangladesh, and southwards through Myanmar and southernmost China (southern Yunnan) to the Coco and Andaman islands, southern Cambodia, and central to southern Vietnam, and northern Peninsular Malaysia, and widely disjunctly on Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683761","chbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbeat1","avibase-F8652F4F",null,null,"Java, error = Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/27/mode/1up","Merops Leschenaulti"],["9113","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops leschenaulti leschenaulti","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India and Sri Lanka to Thailand, Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5D1B9DE",null,null,"Java, error = Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/27/mode/1up","Merops Leschenaulti"],["9114","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops leschenaulti quinticolor","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31D77DE2",null,null,"Ceylon, error Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/31/mode/1up","Merops quinticolor"],["9115","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops leschenaulti andamanensis","Marien, 1950","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 49 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6A2AB84",null,null,"Port Blair, Andaman Islands","Notes on some Asiatic Meropidae (Birds).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186982#page/227/mode/1up","Merops leschenaulti andamanensis"],["9116","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops viridis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.117","Blue-throated Bee-eater","Blue-throated Bee-eater","Blue-throated Bee-eater","2025-0266","Taxon <em>americanus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Merops viridis</em> based on plumage (Collar 2011) and genetics. Although mitochondrial DNA differences are moderate (Marks et al. 2007), the abrupt transition in plumage without obvious clinality suggests species-level divergence. Vocally similar, but formal analyses are lacking.","southern China, Thailand, and Indochina to Sumatra, Borneo, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725900","btbeat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btbeat2","avibase-457420DA",null,null,"Java, Bengal; restricted type locality, Java, from the 1st reference; Hartert antea, p. 863, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/135/mode/1up","Merops viridis"],["9117","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops americanus","Müller, 1776","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.95","Rufous-crowned Bee-eater","Rufous-crowned Bee-eater","Rufous-crowned Bee-eater","2025-0266","Taxon <em>americanus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Merops viridis</em> based on plumage (Collar 2011) and genetics. Although mitochondrial DNA differences are moderate (Marks et al. 2007), the abrupt transition in plumage without obvious clinality suggests species-level divergence. Vocally similar, but formal analyses are lacking.","Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725908","rucbee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucbee1","avibase-883932EE",null,null,"'Isle de France' error = Philippine Islands. 2",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/115/mode/1up","Merops americanus"],["9118","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops viridissimus","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.82","African Green Bee-eater","African Green Bee-eater","African Green Bee-eater","2025-0265","<em>Merops orientalis</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is treated as three polytypic species based on differences in plumage: <em>M. orientalis; M. viridissimus; </em>and <em>M. cyanophrys</em>. Mitochondrial DNA COI barcodes (Khan et al. 2010; Schindel et al. 2011) support separation of <em>orientalis </em>and <em>cyanophrys</em>, but data for <em>viridissimus </em>are not available. Vocalizations have not been analyzed.","lowland and foothill savanna, arid woodland, acacia scrub, date-palm groves and wadis, from Senegambia and southern Mauritania eastward across Sahel to Nile River in Egypt and to Red Sea in Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, and southern South Sudan; significant southward post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725888","grnbee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnbee1","avibase-0AAA530E",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/96/mode/1up","Merops viridissimus"],["9119","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops viridissimus viridissimus","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of Senegal to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D694BAC",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/96/mode/1up","Merops viridissimus"],["9120","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops viridissimus flavoviridis","Niethammer, 1955","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 6(1-2) p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"subdesert steppes of Chad to Red Sea coast of Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17C1439D",null,null,"Port Jackson, New South Wales","Zur Vogelwelt des Ennedi-Gebirges (Französich Äquatorial Afrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/399/mode/1up","Merops orientalis flavoviridis"],["9121","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops viridissimus cleopatra","Nicoll, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Nile Valley (Lake Nasser to delta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-322F2A6C",null,null,"Mazghouna, near Cairo, Egypt.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Bee-eater from Egypt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/39/mode/1up","Merops viridis cleopatra"],["9122","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops cyanophrys","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.137","Arabian Green Bee-eater","Arabian Green Bee-eater","Arabian Green Bee-eater","2025-0265","<em>Merops orientalis</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is treated as three polytypic species based on differences in plumage: <em>M. orientalis; M. viridissimus; </em>and <em>M. cyanophrys</em>. Mitochondrial DNA COI barcodes (Khan et al. 2010; Schindel et al. 2011) support separation of <em>orientalis </em>and <em>cyanophrys</em>, but data for <em>viridissimus </em>are not available. Vocalizations have not been analyzed.","semi-desert with trees, dry river beds, acacia scrub, and gardens from eastern Israel, Palestine, and western Jordan southward across the Arabian Peninsula to Yemen, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725894","grnbee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnbee2","avibase-681DC913",null,null,"Arabia - Mtns. of Qonfudah [Kunfuda of Bates 1936; Al Qunfidha of the Nat. Geogr. Soc. map of 1933] ex Heuglin, Orn. Nord-Ost. Afr., p. 204.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/145/mode/1up","Philothrus cyanophrys"],["9123","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops cyanophrys cyanophrys","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Israel, and western and southern coastal areas of Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-077D4B6C",null,null,"Arabia - Mtns. of Qonfudah [Kunfuda of Bates 1936; Al Qunfidha of the Nat. Geogr. Soc. map of 1933] ex Heuglin, Orn. Nord-Ost. Afr., p. 204.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/145/mode/1up","Philothrus cyanophrys"],["9124","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops cyanophrys muscatensis","Sharpe, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.13 p.15,165",null,null,null,null,null,"central Arabian plateau and eastern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BA73564",null,null,"Masqat, Arabia.","On the Birds of Aden and the Neighbourhood. With Notes by R. Bowdler Sharpe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/51/mode/1up","Merops muscatensis"],["9125","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops orientalis","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxiii","Asian Green Bee-eater","Asian Green Bee-eater","Asian Green Bee-eater","2025-0265","<em>Merops orientalis</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is treated as three polytypic species based on differences in plumage: <em>M. orientalis; M. viridissimus; </em>and <em>M. cyanophrys</em>. Mitochondrial DNA COI barcodes (Khan et al. 2010; Schindel et al. 2011) support separation of <em>orientalis </em>and <em>cyanophrys</em>, but data for <em>viridissimus </em>are not available. Vocalizations have not been analyzed.","open woodland, semi-desert, and open areas from southwestern Iran eastward through entire sub-Himalayan Indian Subcontinent (including Sri Lanka and the Andaman Islands but not Maldives) to southernmost China (southern Yunnan), thence southwards through all of southeastern Asia (except northern Vietnam) to northern Malayan Peninsula (southward to about southernmost Myanmar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725876","grnbee3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnbee3","avibase-759AD1FB",null,null,"India = Mahratta, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 152, no. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/39/mode/1up","Merops orientalis"],["9126","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops orientalis beludschicus","Neumann, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"northern end of Persian Gulf to Baluchistan and western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8B52DCD",null,null,"Sarbac, Persian Baluchistan, Iran","Über die geographischen Formen des Merops viridis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/94/mode/1up","Merops viridis beludschicus"],["9127","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops orientalis orientalis","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxiii",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Rann of Kutch) eastward to Bangladesh and southward through the Indian peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4567CA85",null,null,"India = Mahratta, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 152, no. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/39/mode/1up","Merops orientalis"],["9128","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops orientalis ceylonicus","Whistler, 1944","Spolia Zeylanica 23 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FCE529B",null,null,"Kalawewa, Ceylon [=Sri Lanka]","The avifaunal survey of Ceylon conducted jointly by the British and Colombo Museums.",null,"Merops orientalis ceylonicus"],["9129","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops orientalis ferrugeiceps","Anderson, 1879","Anatomical and Zoological Researches: Comprising an account of the zoological results of the two expeditions to western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a monograph of the two cetacean genera, Platanista and Orcella 1 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam and Myanmar to Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFA9DEA8",null,null,"Upper Burma and Sanda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106457#page/630/mode/1up","Merops ferrugeiceps"],["9130","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops apiaster","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.117","European Bee-eater","European Bee-eater","European Bee-eater",null,null,"breeds southern Palearctic; winters to sub-Saharan Africa and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683756","eubeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eubeat1","avibase-66AA3934",null,null,"'Europa australi; Oriente.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/135/mode/1up","Merops Apiaster"],["9131","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops ornatus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxv","Rainbow Bee-eater","Rainbow Bee-eater","Rainbow Bee-eater",null,null,"breeds in eastern New Guinea and Australia, including Rottnest Island (off southwestern Australia), and islands in Torres Strait; winters mainly north of breeding range in New Guinea region and westward to Wallacea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683753","rabeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rabeat1","avibase-3EDF8B55",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/41/mode/1up","Merops ornatus"],["9132","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops philippinus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.183 sp.5","Blue-tailed Bee-eater","Blue-tailed Bee-eater","Blue-tailed Bee-eater",null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan eastward to southeastern China and Philippines, and southward in Central India and southern Sri Lanka, and eastward in Wallacea through New Guinea and New Britain; winters to southern India, Sri Lanka, Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683750","btbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btbeat1","avibase-809951F0",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/187/mode/1up","Merops philippinus"],["9133","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops superciliosus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.183","Olive Bee-eater","Olive Bee-eater","Olive Bee-eater",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill acacia grassland, open and riverine woodland, plantations, and tree-lined beaches of western Angola and northwestern Namibia, and from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to northern Botswana to southern Mozambique, and Comoros and Madagascar; some populations are resident (e.g., Comoros, Madagascar) and other populations are intra-African migrants",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683744","mabeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabeat1","avibase-AC89B8FF",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/187/mode/1up","Merops superciliosus"],["9134","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops superciliosus superciliosus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"East Africa, Comoros, and Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-089AB770",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/187/mode/1up","Merops superciliosus"],["9135","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops superciliosus alternans","Clancey, 1971","Durban Museum Novitates 9 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of western Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11ECD48B",null,null,"Carunjamba, Lucira, Moçâmedes, Angola","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. XXXII. 1. On the present nominate subspecies of Merops superciliosus Linnaeus.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1946","Merops superciliosus alternans"],["9136","species","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops persicus","Pallas, 1773","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.708","Blue-cheeked Bee-eater","Blue-cheeked Bee-eater","Blue-cheeked Bee-eater",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill semi-desert, desert near reedy wetlands, steppe, and thorn woodland, of northwestern Africa, and, patchily, in the Sahel from Mauritania eastward to Chad, and of eastern Türkiye eastward to southern Kazakhstan, and southward to Nile Delta (Egypt), southern Iran, Oman, and western India; all northern populations migrate southward to Angola and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683740","bcbeat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcbeat1","avibase-6EE45113",null,null,"Shores of the Caspian Sea.",null,null,"Merops persica"],["9137","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops persicus persicus","Pallas, 1773","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.708",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Egypt to Lake Balkhash and Hindu Kush; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-872F31D7",null,null,"Shores of the Caspian Sea.",null,null,"Merops persica"],["9138","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Meropidae","Bee-eaters","Merops persicus chrysocercus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa (south of Atlas Mountains); Senegambia to Lake Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7572DE03",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/147/mode/1up","Merops chrysocercus"],["9139","family","Coraciiformes","Todidae","Todies","Todidae",null,null,"Todies","Todies","Todies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"todida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/todida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9140","genus","Coraciiformes","Todidae","Todies","Todus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.44;4, p.528",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alcedo todus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Alcedo todus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/86/mode/1up","Todus"],["9141","species","Coraciiformes","Todidae","Todies","Todus mexicanus","Lesson, 1838","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.9 p.167 (note)","Puerto Rican Tody","Puerto Rican Tody","Puerto Rican Tody",null,null,"woodland and scrub of Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683015","purtod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purtod1","avibase-BB5B94D9",null,null,"Veracruz, Mexico, particularly Tampico, error = Puerto Rico.","Mémoire descriptif d'espèces ou de genres d'oiseaux nouveaux ou imparfaitement décrits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47936#page/171/mode/1up","Todus mexicanus"],["9142","species","Coraciiformes","Todidae","Todies","Todus subulatus","Gray, 1847","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.63, pl.22","Broad-billed Tody","Broad-billed Tody","Broad-billed Tody",null,null,"arid scrub and woodland of Hispaniola including Gonâve Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683021","brbtod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbtod1","avibase-DC4EA5F1",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/181/mode/1up","Todus subulatus"],["9143","species","Coraciiformes","Todidae","Todies","Todus multicolor","Gould, 1837","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.1 pl.2,text","Cuban Tody","Cuban Tody","Cuban Tody",null,null,"forest and woodland of Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683009","cubtod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubtod1","avibase-6C2B1135",null,null,"Locality unknown = western Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/15/mode/1up","Todus multicolor"],["9144","species","Coraciiformes","Todidae","Todies","Todus todus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.116","Jamaican Tody","Jamaican Tody","Jamaican Tody",null,null,"hills and mountains of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683018","jamtod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamtod1","avibase-F9828C2A",null,null,"America = Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/134/mode/1up","Alcedo Todus"],["9145","species","Coraciiformes","Todidae","Todies","Todus angustirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.478","Narrow-billed Tody","Narrow-billed Tody","Narrow-billed Tody",null,null,"humid montane forest of Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683012","nabtod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nabtod1","avibase-293EAE9A",null,null,"Hispaniola.","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur une nouvelle espèce de Todier (Todus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/506/mode/1up","Todus angustirostris"],["9146","family","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotidae",null,null,"Motmots","Motmots","Motmots",null,null,null,null,null,null,"momoti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/momoti1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9147","genus","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Hylomanes","Lichtenstein, 1839","Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.449 pl.4 d",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hylomanes momotula [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1839]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92137#page/541/mode/1up","Hylomanes"],["9148","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Hylomanes momotula","Lichtenstein, 1839","Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.449 pl.4","Tody Motmot","Tody Motmot","Tody Motmot",null,null,"humid forest in lowlands to hills of Caribbean slope from eastern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) southward through southern Yucatan Peninsula to north-central Nicaragua; Pacific slope in Chiapas to El Salvador, and northwestern Costa Rica; and patchily in Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682980","todmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/todmot1","avibase-64360684",null,null,"Valle Real, Mexico.","Beitrag zur ornithologischen Fauna von Californien nebst Bemerkungen über die Artkennzeichen der Pelicane und über einige Vögel von den Sandwich-Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92137#page/541/mode/1up","Hylomanes Momotula"],["9149","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Hylomanes momotula chiapensis","Brodkorb, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.369 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of southern Mexico (Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CAEA3FA",null,null,"Mount Ovando, 1900 metres, Chiapas.","New Birds from the district of Soconusco, Chiapas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56808","Hylomanes momotula chiapensis"],["9150","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Hylomanes momotula momotula","Lichtenstein, 1839","Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.449 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southern Mexico (Veracruz) to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58B645B6",null,null,"Valle Real, Mexico.","Beitrag zur ornithologischen Fauna von Californien nebst Bemerkungen über die Artkennzeichen der Pelicane und über einige Vögel von den Sandwich-Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92137#page/541/mode/1up","Hylomanes Momotula"],["9151","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Hylomanes momotula obscurus","Nelson, 1911","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.22 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Costa Rica to far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-883E1E06",null,null,"Cerro Brujo, Panama.","Two new subspecies of birds from Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/503/mode/1up","Hylomanes momotula obscurus"],["9152","genus","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Prionites (Crypticus) superciliaris [Jardine & Selby, 1838]; type by monotypy = Prionites superciliosus Sandbach, 1837",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/269/mode/1up","Eumomota"],["9153","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa","(Sandbach, 1837)","The Athenæum. Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts no.517 p.69","Turquoise-browed Motmot","Turquoise-browed Motmot","Turquoise-browed Motmot",null,null,"deciduous woodland and edge in lowlands to hills from Yucatan Peninsula (excluding Cozumel), Pacific slope of southern Mexico from Chiapas to northern Guatemala, both slopes of eastern Guatemala to northern Honduras, and Pacific slope to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682992","tubmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tubmot1","avibase-8564E262",null,null,"Mexico = Campeche.",null,null,"Pyronites superciliosus"],["9154","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa bipartita","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf slope of southern Mexico to Pacific slope of Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-664B2483",null,null,"Cacoprieto, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/122/mode/1up","Eumomota superciliaris bipartitus"],["9155","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa superciliosa","(Sandbach, 1837)","The Athenæum. Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts no.517 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Tabasco, Campeche, northern Yucatán, and Cozumel)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CBED64C",null,null,"Mexico = Campeche.",null,null,"Pyronites superciliosus"],["9156","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa vanrossemi","Griscom, 1929","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 11 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"arid interior Guatemala (Río Negro and Motagua valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2277B4CF",null,null,"Sacapula, Río Negro valley, Guatemala.","A review of Eumomota superciliosa.",null,"Eumomota superciliosa vanrossemi"],["9157","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa sylvestris","Carriker & Meyer de Schauensee, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-667DC883",null,null,"Quirigua, 150 feet, Guatemala.","An annoted list of two collections of Guatemalan Birds in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064222","Eumomota superciliosa sylvestris"],["9158","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa apiaster","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"El Salvador to western Honduras and northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-105849B1",null,null,"'San Carlos, Americae centralis, Oceani Pacifici' = San Carlos, El Salvador.","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/184/mode/1up","Crypticus apiaster"],["9159","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa euroaustris","Griscom, 1929","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 11 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Caribbean slope of northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE2545B5",null,null,"Lancetilla, Honduras.","A review of Eumomota superciliosa.",null,"Eumomota superciliosa euroaustris"],["9160","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Eumomota superciliosa australis","Bangs, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1911158D",null,null,"Bebedero, Costa Rica.","Notes on birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, with descriptions of new forms and new records for Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/140/mode/1up","Eumomota superciliaris australis"],["9161","genus","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron","Gistel, 1848","Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs für höhere Schulen p.viii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Momotus platyrhynchus [Leadbeater, 1829]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 9).",null,null,null,"Electron"],["9162","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron carinatum","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.108","Keel-billed Motmot","Keel-billed Motmot","Keel-billed Motmot",null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico to northeastern Costa Rica",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682989","kebmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kebmot1","avibase-A8FEEA01",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/754/mode/1up","Prionites carinatus"],["9163","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron platyrhynchum","(Leadbeater, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.92","Broad-billed Motmot","Broad-billed Motmot","Broad-billed Motmot",null,null,"forest of lowlands and hills from far northeastern Guatemala through Caribbean slope of Central America, and throughout southern Panama to western Colombia and through southern Ecuador, and southern Amazonia south to central Bolivia and eastward to central Para",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682986","brbmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbmot1","avibase-87A54177",null,null,"Brazil, error, type locality fixed as western Ecuador by Oberholser, antea.","V. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds belonging chiefly to the rare Genera Phytotoma, Gmel., Indicator, Vieill., and Cursorius, Latham.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/103/mode/1up","Momotus platyrhynchus"],["9164","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron platyrhynchum minus","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Guatemala to northern Colombia (lower Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B69DF9B",null,null,"Río Cascajal, Caribbean slope of Cocle, Panama.","On a collection of birds from North-western Ecuador, collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/518/mode/1up","Prionirhynchus platyrhynchus minor"],["9165","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron platyrhynchum platyrhynchum","(Leadbeater, 1829)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, pt.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1487363",null,null,"Brazil, error, type locality fixed as western Ecuador by Oberholser, antea.","V. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds belonging chiefly to the rare Genera Phytotoma, Gmel., Indicator, Vieill., and Cursorius, Latham.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13695#page/103/mode/1up","Momotus platyrhynchus"],["9166","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron platyrhynchum colombianum","Meyer de Schauensee, 1950","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (humid lowlands north of the Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-798EBD8E",null,null,"Quimari, 700 m, Bolívar, Colombia","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Electron platyrhynchum colombianum"],["9167","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron platyrhynchum pyrrholaemum","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C873B83C",null,null,"La Merced, central Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/73/mode/1up","Prionirhynchus platyrhynchus pyrrholaemus"],["9168","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron platyrhynchum orienticola","Oberholser, 1921","Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science (1919) p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonas and Acre (western Amazonian Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D791544",null,null,"Hyutanihan, below the falls of the Rio Purus, Brazil [=Lábrea, Amazonas, Brazil]","A synopsis of the subspecies of Electron platyrhynchum (Leadbeater).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35067#page/348/mode/1up","Electron platyrhynchum orienticola"],["9169","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Electron platyrhynchum chlorophrys","Miranda-Ribeiro, 1931","Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 7, no.2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Rondônia (race?), Mato Grosso northeastward to northern Pará (central Brazil south of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FA1D1BC",null,null,"Rio Tocantins, Goyaz  [=Goiás] and Rio Tramaqui, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].","Notas ornitologicas. XI. Coracias brasileiros (Momotinae). Systematica.",null,"Electron platyrhynchus chlorophrys"],["9170","genus","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Aspatha","Sharpe, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Prionites gularis [Lafresnaye, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/345/mode/1up","Aspatha"],["9171","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Aspatha gularis","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.130","Blue-throated Motmot","Blue-throated Motmot","Blue-throated Motmot",null,null,"oak-pine highlands of southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682983","bltmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltmot1","avibase-720774A8",null,null,"Guatemala.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/140/mode/1up","Prionites gularis"],["9172","genus","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Baryphthengus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Baryphonus ruficapillus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1892, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 17, p. 330).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/122/mode/1up","Baryphthengus"],["9173","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Baryphthengus ruficapillus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.315","Rufous-capped Motmot","Rufous-capped Motmot","Rufous-capped Motmot",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682998","rucmot2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucmot2","avibase-C2966A66",null,null,"No locality = vicinity of Lima, Perti, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Ois. Paradis, etc. pl. 39. Error = southeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/319/mode/1up","Baryphonus ruficapillus"],["9174","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Baryphthengus martii","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.64, pl.60","Rufous Motmot","Rufous Motmot","Rufous Motmot",null,null,"humid forest from the Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras to the lowlands of northern Colombia, southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to southern Antioquia and Caldas), west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador, east of the Andes in the western Amazon basin in eastern Colombia southward to nothern Bolivia, the Yungas of Bolivia (to western Santa Cruz), and eastward in the Amazon of Brazil, south of the Amazon River (to the Rio Tapajós in western Pará)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682995","rufmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufmot1","avibase-435AB47D",null,null,"Near Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/84/mode/1up","Prionites martii"],["9175","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Baryphthengus martii semirufus","(Sclater, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Honduras to northwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51320E4D",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia, et ad Rivum Río Javarri [error?]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/529/mode/1up","Momotus semirufus"],["9176","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Baryphthengus martii martii","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.64, pl.60",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia southward to Bolivia and eastward to central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-808CE051",null,null,"Near Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/84/mode/1up","Prionites martii"],["9177","genus","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.44;4, p.465",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ramphastos momota [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Ramphastos momota Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/86/mode/1up","Momotus"],["9178","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus aequatorialis","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.223","Andean Motmot","Andean Motmot","Andean Motmot",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia southward along the eastern Andes of Ecuador and Peru to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729189","higmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/higmot1","avibase-6CAC15FB",null,null,"Archidona, Ecuador.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/235/mode/1up","Momotus aequatorialis"],["9179","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus aequatorialis aequatorialis","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E838B09E",null,null,"Archidona, Ecuador.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/235/mode/1up","Momotus aequatorialis"],["9180","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus aequatorialis chlorolaemus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FC96B2A",null,null,"Ocobamba, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/73/mode/1up","Momotus aequatorialis chlorolaemus"],["9181","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus castaneiceps","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.269 p.154","Guatemalan Motmot","Guatemalan Motmot",null,"2026-090","Momotus castaneiceps is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. mexicanus</em> based on modest but consistent differences in plumage and vocalizations supported by the biogeographic isolation of <em>M. castaneiceps</em> (Howell &amp; Juárez 2025). An integrative analysis of plumage, morphology, bioacoustics and genetics would be informative.","arid east-central Guatemala (Motagua Valley system)",null,null,null,"rucmot6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucmot6","avibase-E5BDBE96",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description of a New Species of Momotus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/458/mode/1up","Momotus castaneiceps"],["9182","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus mexicanus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.442","Mexican Motmot","Mexican Motmot",null,"2026-090","Momotus castaneiceps is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. mexicanus</em> based on modest but consistent differences in plumage and vocalizations supported by the biogeographic isolation of <em>M. castaneiceps</em> (Howell &amp; Juárez 2025). An integrative analysis of plumage, morphology, bioacoustics and genetics would be informative.","northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora to adjacent Chihuahua and Sinaloa) southward in western Mexico through Oaxaca, Chiapas, and far northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,"rucmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucmot1","avibase-AD702A72",null,null,"Temiscaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/458/mode/1up","Momotus Mexicanus"],["9183","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus mexicanus vanrossemi","Moore, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora to adjacent Chihuahua and Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D85617A6",null,null,"Chinobampo, Sonora.","A new Motmot from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/129/mode/1up","Momotus mexicanus vanrossemi"],["9184","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus mexicanus mexicanus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AB5BA69",null,null,"Temiscaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/458/mode/1up","Momotus Mexicanus"],["9185","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus mexicanus saturatus","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas) and adjacent far northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A9B336F",null,null,"Ciudad Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Momotus mexicanus saturatus"],["9186","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus bahamensis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.332","Trinidad Motmot","Trinidad Motmot","Trinidad Motmot",null,null,"Trinidad and Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61634940","trimot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trimot1","avibase-77D63A85",null,null,"Bahama Islands, error = Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/344/mode/1up","Prionites Bahamensis"],["9187","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.152","Amazonian Motmot","Amazonian Motmot","Amazonian Motmot",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands to hills of Amazonia and the Guianas from eastern Colombia to French Guiana and Amapá, southward to northwestern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and São Paulo; also far northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61634607","bucmot4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucmot4","avibase-7CE7EB2F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/156/mode/1up","Ramphastos momota"],["9188","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota momota","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil north of the lower Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8083C506",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/156/mode/1up","Ramphastos momota"],["9189","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota microstephanus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.342 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia and Ecuador (east of the Andes) and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCE4BCC4",null,null,"'Interior of New Grenada' = region about Villavicencio, Colombia.","Review of the species of the Fissirostral Family Momotidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/263/mode/1up","Momotus microstephanus"],["9190","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota ignobilis","Berlepsch, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Peru and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-506584B9",null,null,"Yurimaguas, Peril.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der von Herrn Gustav Garlepp in Brasilien und Nord-Peru im Gebiete des oberen Amazonas gesammelten Vogelbälge (Forsetzung von Januar-Heft S. 97-101.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/319/mode/1up","Momotus brasiliensis ignobilis"],["9191","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota nattereri","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.342 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical base of Andes of northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D78177B6",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Review of the species of the Fissirostral Family Momotidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/263/mode/1up","Momotus nattereri"],["9192","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota simplex","Chapman, 1923","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48, art.2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Peru/Brazil border south of the Amazon River, eastward to Rio Tapajós and southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E4D3B7D",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","The distribution of the Motmots of the genus Momotus.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1870","Momotus momota simplex"],["9193","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota cametensis","Snethlage, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil between Rio Tapajós and Rio Tocantins",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE767C5E",null,null,"Cametá, left bank of the Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/173/mode/1up","Momotus momota cametensis"],["9194","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota parensis","Sharpe, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Rio Tocantins to Maranhão and Piauí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12213B0F",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/334/mode/1up","Momotus parensis"],["9195","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota marcgravianus","Pinto & Camargo, 1961","Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo 11 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Paraíba to Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2524C42",null,null,"Uruba, Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil","Resultados ornitologicos de quatro recentes expedições do Departemento de Zoologia ao Nordeste do Brasil, com a descrição de seis novas subespecies.",null,"Momotus momota marcgraviniana"],["9196","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus momota pilcomajensis","Reichenow, 1919","Journal für Ornithologie 67, no.3 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to southern Brazil and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4597215",null,null,"Villa Montes, Río Pilcomayo, Bolivia.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43517#page/348/mode/1up","Momotus pilcomajensis"],["9197","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus coeruliceps","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.38 p.18","Blue-capped Motmot","Blue-capped Motmot","Blue-capped Motmot",null,null,"northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas to northern Veracruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61634591","bucmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucmot1","avibase-BB7A884C",null,null,"Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Characters of some new Birds in the Society's Collection, including two new genera, Paradoxornis and Actinodura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/30/mode/1up","Prionites coeruliceps"],["9198","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus lessonii","Lesson, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.174","Lesson's Motmot","Lesson's Motmot","Blue-diademed Motmot",null,null,"humid forest to edge of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca then on both slopes of Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) through Nicaragua, thence on Pacific slope and central valley of Costa Rica to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61634649","bucmot2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucmot2","avibase-AAADA063",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/184/mode/1up","Momotus Lessonii"],["9199","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus lessonii goldmani","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to Petén of northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E538AC1",null,null,"Motzorongo, Vera Cruz.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Momotus lessoni goldmani"],["9200","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus lessonii exiguus","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Campeche and Yucatán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-654086C4",null,null,"Temax, Yucatan.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/121/mode/1up","Momotus lessonii exiguus"],["9201","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus lessonii lessonii","Lesson, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7090B57",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/184/mode/1up","Momotus Lessonii"],["9202","species","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus subrufescens","Sclater, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.489","Whooping Motmot","Whooping Motmot","Whooping Motmot",null,null,"deciduous and semi-deciduous to humid forest in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela (eastward to Aragua), southward in interior Colombia along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Cauca and Huila); west of the Andes in central Panama and northwestern Colombia southward to central Chocó in the Tribuga Gulf area west of the Río Atrato; and in the Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (to Lambayeque)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61634657","bucmot3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucmot3","avibase-0DB8CE98",null,null,"Colombia.","Note sur deux nouvelles espèces du genre Momot (momotus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/529/mode/1up","Momotus subrufescens"],["9203","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus subrufescens subrufescens","Sclater, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northern Colombia, including lower Cauca Valley and Magdalena Valley, and northern Venezuela (east to Aragua); south on the Pacific coast of Colombia to the Atrato Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88947BB0",null,null,"Colombia.","Note sur deux nouvelles espèces du genre Momot (momotus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/529/mode/1up","Momotus subrufescens"],["9204","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus subrufescens spatha","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Serrania Macuira in eastern Guajira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-264D3582",null,null,"Nazaret, Guajira, Colombia","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/657/mode/1up","Momotus momota spatha"],["9205","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus subrufescens osgoodi","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of western Venezuela (Lake Maracaibo region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B01ED875",null,null,"El Guayabel, 10 miles east of Cucuta, Colombia.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/11/mode/1up","Momotus osgoodi"],["9206","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Momotidae","Motmots","Momotus subrufescens argenticinctus","Sharpe, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D15C2006",null,null,"Santa Rita and Babahoyo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/337/mode/1up","Momotus argenticinctus"],["9207","family","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedinidae",null,null,"Kingfishers","Kingfishers","Kingfishers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"alcedi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alcedi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9208","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina","Kaup, 1848","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.71,72",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Todus pictus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 16).  ",null,null,null,"Ispidina"],["9209","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina lecontei","Cassin, 1856","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.158","African Dwarf Kingfisher","African Dwarf Kingfisher","African Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, secondary forest edge, and understory of dense riparian woodland, from Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan and Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683174","dwakin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwakin1","avibase-9BE54916",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/178/mode/1up","Ispidina Lecontei"],["9210","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina lecontei ruficeps","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"western Africa, from Sierra Leone eastward to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30A8300C",null,null,"Aguapina, Africa",null,null,"Ispidina ruficeps"],["9211","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina lecontei lecontei","Cassin, 1856","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Nigeria and Cameroon to Gabon, and from the Congo Basin eastward to the western Rift Valley in southwestern Uganda and southward to northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32B3E83C",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/178/mode/1up","Ispidina Lecontei"],["9212","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina picta","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49","African Pygmy Kingfisher","African Pygmy Kingfisher","African Pygmy-kingfisher",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, riverine thickets, woodland, and trees in dry thornscrub and grassland, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and southern Somalia, and southward to Gabon and Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar), to Angola, northeastern Namibia, and southeastern South Africa; northern and southern populations migratory toward the Equator",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683165","afpkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afpkin1","avibase-C0998BB9",null,null,"Juida = St. Louis, Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Todus pictus"],["9213","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina picta picta","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Uganda, southern Mozambique, and Pemba Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A9360BD",null,null,"Juida = St. Louis, Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Todus pictus"],["9214","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina picta ferrugina","Clancey, 1984","Durban Museum Novitates 13 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Sierra Leone to Congo Basin and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ED0499C",null,null,"Booue, Gabon, at 00 03'S, 11 57'E","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. LXIV. [1.] An undescribed Equatorial rainforest race of the Pygmy Kingfisher.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2140","Ispidina picta ferrugina"],["9215","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ispidina picta natalensis","(Smith, 1832)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.5 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Mozambique and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B3A764D",null,null,"'Banks of rivers etc. to the eastward of Cafferland.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/479/mode/1up","Alcedo Natalensis"],["9216","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis","Kaup, 1848","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.71,72",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alcedo nais [Kaup, 1848]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1849, The Genera of Birds, 3, App., p. 5).",null,null,null,"Corythornis"],["9217","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis madagascariensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.179","Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher","Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher","Madagascar Pygmy-kingfisher",null,null,"Madagascar (except central and far south)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683156","mapkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mapkin1","avibase-EDF78342",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/183/mode/1up","Alcedo madagascariensis"],["9218","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis madagascariensis madagascariensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE4CDD4B",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/183/mode/1up","Alcedo madagascariensis"],["9219","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis madagascariensis dilutus","(Benson, 1974)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 44 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Madagascar (Sakaraha region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-687F3AFE",null,null,"10 km east of Sakaraha, Madagascar","Une race nouvelle du martin-chasseur malgache.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/317890#page/100/mode/1up","Ispidina madagascariensis diluta"],["9220","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis leucogaster","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.120 p.4","White-bellied Kingfisher","White-bellied Kingfisher","White-bellied Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, wooded and mangrove swamps, and tidal estuaries, from southwestern Mali and Guinea eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern Uganda and far northwestern Tanzania, and southward to northwestern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683112","whbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbkin1","avibase-4F94B89C",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of some new species of Birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/372/mode/1up","Halcyon leucogaster"],["9221","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis leucogaster bowdleri","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Guinea to Mali and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95DECC0C",null,null,"Sierre Leone.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/386/mode/1up","Alcedo leucogaster bowdleri"],["9222","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis leucogaster leucogaster","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.120 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to southern Cameroon, Gabon, and northwestern Angola; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D17AB9C4",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of some new species of Birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/372/mode/1up","Halcyon leucogaster"],["9223","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis leucogaster leopoldi","(Dubois, 1905)","Annales du Musée du Congo: Sciences Zoologiques Ser. 4, tome 1, fasc. 1, nov. p.10 pl.6 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo basin (eastern Congo to southern Uganda and northwestern Zambia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B0B0A81",null,null,"Region of Lake Leopold II.","Remarques sur l'Ornithologie de l'État indépendant du Congo, suivies d'une liste des espèces recueillies jusqu'ici dans cet État.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110633#page/20/mode/1up","Ispidina leopoldi"],["9224","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis vintsioides","(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.62-76, p.30; pl.74","Malagasy Kingfisher","Malagasy Kingfisher","Malagasy Kingfisher",null,null,"central and southeastern Comoros and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683093","malkin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malkin2","avibase-FEBCB5F6",null,null,"Madagascar.","Voyage autour du monde de la corvette La Favorite. Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/110/mode/1up","Alcedo Vintsioides"],["9225","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis vintsioides johannae","Meinertzhagen, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75C9F4ED",null,null,"Anjouan Island.","Descriptions of two new races of African Kingfishers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/72/mode/1up","Corythornis cristata johannae"],["9226","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis vintsioides vintsioides","(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.62-76, p.30; pl.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E34A180B",null,null,"Madagascar.","Voyage autour du monde de la corvette La Favorite. Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/110/mode/1up","Alcedo Vintsioides"],["9227","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis cristatus","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.1 no.55","Malachite Kingfisher","Malachite Kingfisher",null,"2025-0252","Taxa <em>thomensis </em>and <em>nais </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Corythornis cristatus </em>based on adult plumage and genetics. Sometimes treated as separate species, or subspecies of <em>C. leucogaster</em>, mitochondrial DNA data (Melo &amp; Fuchs 2008) show that both taxa are closely related to <em>C. cristatus</em>. While adults are generally similar in morphology, juvenile <em>thomensis </em>show striking differences in size and plumage. Further research, including genomic DNA analyses, is warranted.","lowland to montane marsh, lakes, large rivers, tidal estuaries, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward through Nigeria, and São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea) to central Sudan, Eritrea, and (recently) Yemen, Arabian Peninsula, and southward to South Africa; some populations probably migratory to Somalia and southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,"malkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malkin1","avibase-7149F93D",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,null,"Alcedo cristata"],["9228","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis cristatus galeritus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal eastward to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DAA9ABB",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/114/mode/1up","Alcedo galerita"],["9229","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis cristatus nais","(Kaup, 1848)","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0759A4FB",null,null,"Africa, part unknown.",null,null,"Alcedo Nais"],["9230","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis cristatus thomensis","Salvadori, 1902","Ibis ser.8, vol.2, no.8 p.568 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95031C69",null,null,"São Thome.","On a new Kingfisher of the Genus Corythornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110610#page/642/mode/1up","Corythornis thomensis"],["9231","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis cristatus cristatus","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.1 no.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria eastward to western Sudan and Kenya, and southward to southern Angola, Zimbabwe, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E04541E",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,null,"Alcedo cristata"],["9232","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Corythornis cristatus stuartkeithi","Dickerman, 1989","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18763431",null,null,"Arba-Schiko (Anseba R) Abbyss (Anseba Watercourse, Eritrea)","Notes on the Malachite Kingfisher Corythornis (Alcedo) cristata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/175/mode/1up","Corythornis cristata stuartkeithi"],["9233","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo ispida [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1821, Zoological Illustrations, 1, pl. 26 and text).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Alcedo"],["9234","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo euryzona","Temminck, 1830","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.86, vol.4 text to pl.508","Javan Blue-banded Kingfisher","Javan Blue-banded Kingfisher","Javan Blue-banded Kingfisher","2025-0254","Taxon <em>peninsulae</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Alcedo euryzona</em> based on differences in plumage and biogeographic considerations. The abrupt transition in plumage characters, without evidence of clinality between them, suggests an extended period of parapatry considered indicative of species status.","Java",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726971","bubkin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubkin2","avibase-64A8A820",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/320/mode/1up","Alcedo cryzona"],["9235","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo peninsulae","Laubmann, 1941","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 22 Heft1 p.165","Malayan Blue-banded Kingfisher","Malayan Blue-banded Kingfisher","Malay Blue-banded Kingfisher","2025-0254","Taxon <em>peninsulae</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Alcedo euryzona</em> based on differences in plumage and biogeographic considerations. The abrupt transition in plumage characters, without evidence of clinality between them, suggests an extended period of parapatry considered indicative of species status.","southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726979","bubkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubkin1","avibase-9C5F80D9",null,null,"Malacca.",null,null,"Alcedo euryzonia peninsulae"],["9236","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo hercules","Laubmann, 1917","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft1 p.105","Blyth's Kingfisher","Blyth's Kingfisher","Blyth's Kingfisher",null,null,"Sikkim to southwestern China, Myanmar, northern Laos, northern Vietnam, and Hainan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683024","blykin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blykin1","avibase-56A1C8E5",null,null,"Sikkim [error for Darjeeling, West Bengal, as per the locality of Alcedo grandis Blyth 1845.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/115/mode/1up","Alcedo hercules"],["9237","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo meninting","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.172","Blue-eared Kingfisher","Blue-eared Kingfisher","Blue-eared Kingfisher",null,null,"streams and creeks in humid to deciduous forest, mangroves, and bamboo forest in Western Ghats of Peninsular India from Maharashtra southward, northern Sri Lanka (very rare or vagrant), northern Eastern Ghats, and southern Nepal eastward to northeastern India and Bangladesh, thence southward through the Andaman Islands, southeastern Asia to southern Cambodia and Vietnam, the Malayan Peninsula to Singapore and satellite islands, Sumatra (including satellite islands), Bangka, Java eastward to Lombok, Borneo, Sulawesi region (Indonesia), and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683042","blekin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blekin1","avibase-39629250",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/191/mode/1up","Alcedo Meninting"],["9238","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo meninting coltarti","Stuart Baker, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India (northern Eastern Ghats) and base of Himalayas from central Nepal to northeastern India (Assam) eastward to Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-594DDB4A",null,null,"Saddya, Assam.","Remarks on the subspecies of the Kingfisher Alcedo meninting, with descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/177/mode/1up","Alcedo meninting coltarti"],["9239","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo meninting phillipsi","Stuart Baker, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Western Ghats of India (Maharashtra southward to Kerala) and northern Sri Lanka (where rare or vagrant)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB49D59B",null,null,"Cocoawatte Estate, Ceylon.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/108/mode/1up","Alcedo meninting phillipsi"],["9240","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo meninting scintillans","Stuart Baker, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Myanmar and peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3946BDC",null,null,"Bankasoon.","Remarks on the subspecies of the Kingfisher Alcedo meninting, with descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/176/mode/1up","Alcedo meninting scintillans"],["9241","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo meninting rufigastra","Walden, 1873","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.12, no.72 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C856E104",null,null,"South Andaman Island.","LVII. Description of three new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54290#page/501/mode/1up","Alcedo rufigastra"],["9242","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo meninting meninting","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas to Lombok, southwestern Sulawesi, Sula Islands, and southern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01708D43",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/191/mode/1up","Alcedo Meninting"],["9243","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo semitorquata","Swainson, 1823","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.3, no.30 pl.151,text","Half-collared Kingfisher","Half-collared Kingfisher","Half-collared Kingfisher",null,null,"Ethiopia, Angola to Tanzania, southern to Mozambique and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683033","hackin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hackin1","avibase-F9F5CAB0",null,null,"Great Fish River, South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92676#page/201/mode/1up","Alcedo semitorquata"],["9244","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo quadribrachys","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.158","Shining-blue Kingfisher","Shining-blue Kingfisher","Shining-blue Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland to foothill papyrus swamps, rivers and lakes, ponds in forest, and tidal estuaries and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan and far western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683037","shbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbkin1","avibase-A376DE65",null,null,"Africa occid. Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/258/mode/1up","Alcedo quadribrachys"],["9245","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo quadribrachys quadribrachys","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to west-central Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5603DC7E",null,null,"Africa occid. Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/258/mode/1up","Alcedo quadribrachys"],["9246","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo quadribrachys guentheri","Sharpe, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.156 pl.4 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Nigeria to far southern South Sudan, far western Kenya, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D638143E",null,null,"West Africa from Congo to Gaboon and the Niger district as far as Lagos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/170/mode/1up","Alcedo guentheri"],["9247","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo coerulescens","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.401","Cerulean Kingfisher","Cerulean Kingfisher","Cerulean Kingfisher",null,null,"southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, and Kangean Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683117","smbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbkin1","avibase-8999E4A9",null,null,"Timor, error = Java.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/419/mode/1up","Alcedo coerulescens"],["9248","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.109","Common Kingfisher","Common Kingfisher","Common Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland to foothill lakes, ponds, small rivers, canals, and mangroves, from southern Sweden, British Isles, and northwestern Africa eastward to southern Siberia, Sakhalin, and Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands), and southward to northern Iran, India, Sri Lanka, and southeastern Asia, and disjunctly from Sulawesi and Bali eastward through coastal New Guinea to the Bismarck and Solomon Archipelago; northern population migrate southward as far as Nile Valley (Egypt), Arabian Peninsula, Philippines, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683027","comkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comkin1","avibase-9505E03D",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/127/mode/1up","Gracula Atthis"],["9249","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis ispida","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Norway, British Isles, and Spain (except southern and eastern) eastward to western Russia and Romania; winters southward to southern Portugal, northern Africa, Cyprus, and Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B592950D",null,null,"Europe and Asia = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Alcedo Ispida"],["9250","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis atthis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe and North Africa to northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AB7DE3A",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/127/mode/1up","Gracula Atthis"],["9251","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis bengalensis","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"central India eastward to southeastern Asia, southern and eastern China (including Hainan), and in north from southeastern Siberia and eastern Mongolia to Japan (Hokkaido to Ryukyu Islands); winters southward to Greater Sundas, northern Sulawesi, Sula Islands, northern Moluccas, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C50E1384",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/462/mode/1up","Alcedo bengalensis"],["9252","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis taprobana","Kleinschmidt, 1894","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 2 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (south of Godavari River) and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7920BE50",null,null,"Ceylon.","Alcedo ispida var. taprobana Kleinschm..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35476#page/142/mode/1up","Alcedo ispida var. taprobana"],["9253","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis floresiana","Sharpe, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali and Lesser Sundas (eastward to Timor and Wetar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFBEA05C",null,null,"Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/165/mode/1up","Alcedo floresiana"],["9254","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis hispidoides","Lesson, 1837","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 9 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi to Moluccas, New Guinea, and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61401EB7",null,null,"Bum.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103228#page/355/mode/1up","Alcedo hispidoides"],["9255","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Alcedo atthis salomonensis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville to Makira (Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2CB6A9B",null,null,"Rendova and Gizo, Solomon Islands; type from Rendova.","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/269/mode/1up","Alcedo ispida salomonensis"],["9256","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alcedo tridactyla [Pallas, 1769]; type by monotypy = Alcedo erithaca Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA10#v=onepage","Ceyx"],["9257","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx fallax","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.187","Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher","Sulawesi Dwarf-Kingfisher","Sulawesi Dwarf-kingfisher","2025-0253","The extinct taxon <em>sangirensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ceyx fallax </em>based on differences in plumage and size (Collar &amp; Martin 2024). Represented by three specimens with some uncertainty about their provenance; genetic data needed.","Sulawesi and Lembeh Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45355839","sulkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulkin1","avibase-E7EB8D33",null,null,"Mountainous parts of Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/201/mode/1up","Dacelo fallax"],["9258","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx sangirensis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1898)","The birds of Celebes and the neighbouring islands 1 p.278","Sangihe Dwarf Kingfisher","Sangihe Dwarf-Kingfisher","Sangihe Dwarf-kingfisher","2025-0253","The extinct taxon <em>sangirensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ceyx fallax </em>based on differences in plumage and size (Collar &amp; Martin 2024). Represented by three specimens with some uncertainty about their provenance; genetic data needed.","Sangihe Islands (northeast of Sulawesi); probably extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45355856","suldwk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suldwk1","avibase-0C0CF67B",null,null,"Tabukan, Great Sangir Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219205#page/452/mode/1up","Ceycopsis sangirensis"],["9259","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.4 pl.595 fig.3","Little Kingfisher","Little Kingfisher","Little Kingfisher",null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea and satellite islands, northern Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683121","litkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litkin1","avibase-9F840FEA",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/296/mode/1up","Ceyx pusilla"],["9260","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus halmaherae","(Salomonsen, 1934)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Halmahera, Obi, Ternate, and Bacan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC6947EA",null,null,"Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/122/mode/1up","Alcyone pusilla halmaherae"],["9261","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus laetior","(Rand, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEA45283",null,null,"No. 305667, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; male ad.; Bernhard Camp, 50 meters altitude, Idenburg River, Netherland New Guinea; March 25, 1939; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. Richardson.","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Alcyone pusilla laetior"],["9262","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus pusillus","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.4 pl.595 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands, New Guinea, including Raja Ampat and Aru Islands, Torres Straits islands, and northeastern Cape York Peninsula (northern Queensland, eastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A91CF92",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/296/mode/1up","Ceyx pusilla"],["9263","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus ramsayi","(North, 1912)","Ibis ser.9, vol.6, no.21 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to southwestern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26EE35D0",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Descriptions of Two new Species and a new Genus of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85124#page/181/mode/1up","Alcyone ramsayi"],["9264","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus halli","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Australia (southeastern Cape York Peninsula to Rockhampton, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1DF2121",null,null,"Cairns, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/310/mode/1up","Alcyone pusilla halli"],["9265","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus masauji","(Mathews, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23DA6ACD",null,null,"Wood Harbor, New Ireland.","Description of a new race of Kingfisher from New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/126/mode/1up","Micralcyone pusilla masauji"],["9266","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus bougainvillei","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Santa Isabel, and Choiseul (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43E979D8",null,null,"Bougainville, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/43/mode/1up","Alcyone richardsi bougainvillei"],["9267","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus richardsi","(Tristram, 1882)","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.134 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella to Vangunu (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3296AF7",null,null,"Rendova, Solomon Islands.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/168/mode/1up","Alcyone richardsi"],["9268","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx pusillus aolae","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"known from the type specimen from Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1803ACB",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.","Description of two new subspecies of Kingfishers from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/43/mode/1up","Alcyone richardsi aolae"],["9269","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx websteri","(Hartert, 1898)","Through New Guinea and the Cannibal Countries p.371","Bismarck Kingfisher","Bismarck Kingfisher","Bismarck Kingfisher",null,null,"lowlands of Bismarck Archipelago",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683051","biskin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biskin1","avibase-8ADDDF42",null,null,"New Hanover.",null,"https://archive.org/details/throughnewguine01websgoog/page/n395","Alcyone websteri"],["9270","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxii","Azure Kingfisher","Azure Kingfisher","Azure Kingfisher",null,null,"Moluccas, eastern Lesser Sundas, New Guinea and satellite islands, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683045","azukin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azukin1","avibase-AC4118FA",null,null,"Norfolk Island, error = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/38/mode/1up","Alcedo azurea"],["9271","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus affinis","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECAB18E2",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/446/mode/1up","Alcyone affinis"],["9272","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus yamdenae","(Rothschild, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (southern Banda Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDAB3633",null,null,"Yamdena, Tenimber (=Tanimbar) Islands, Timor Laut",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/223/mode/1up","Alcyone azurea yamdenae"],["9273","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus lessonii","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.4 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (except northwestern lowlands), including Waigeo, Batanta, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3DA3FCB",null,null,"Dorey Harbor, i.e. Manokwari, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/89/mode/1up","Alcyone Lessonii"],["9274","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus ochrogaster","(Reichenow, 1903)","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.1 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea and islands in Cenderawasih Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5E6B449",null,null,"New Guinea, type from the Ramu River.","[Über einige afrikanische Webervögel und neue Gattungen und Untergattungen].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/159/mode/1up","Alcyone ochrogaster"],["9275","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus ruficollaris","(Bankier, 1841)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.6 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland; southwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-446A195F",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","[in Miscellaneous] A new species of the Australian genus Alcyone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19590#page/440/mode/1up","Alcyone ruficollaris"],["9276","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus azureus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxii",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (northern Queensland southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B375244B",null,null,"Norfolk Island, error = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/38/mode/1up","Alcedo azurea"],["9277","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx azureus diemenensis","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.156 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CAC1FE7",null,null,"Tasmania.","Description of eleven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/387/mode/1up","Alcyone Diemenensis"],["9278","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx erithaca","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115","Black-backed Dwarf Kingfisher","Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher","Black-backed Dwarf-kingfisher","2025-0250","Taxon <em>rufidorsa </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Ceyx erithaca </em>based on a combined analysis of plumage, morphometrics, and genetics (Lim et al. 2010a). Extensive plumage polymorphism in this complex appears to be the result of past introgression but the two species can be distinguished by mantle color, which is black in <em>erithaca</em> and rusty-brown in <em>rufidorsa</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data and morphometrics also segregate according to mantle color, a pattern consistent with species-level recognition.","disjunctly in lowland and foothill evergreen forest, favoring shady streams and pools, of Western Ghats (India) and Sri Lanka, and from eastern India and Bangladesh eastward to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Andaman and Nicobar islands, Myanmar, and Vietnam; northern populations migrate southward to Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683135","bkbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbkin1","avibase-2D66E27C",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Alcedo erithaca"],["9279","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx erithaca erithaca","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in southwestern India and Sri Lanka; breeds from Bhutan and northeastern India to southeastern China, Indochina, and the northern Thai-Malay Peninsula (south to the Isthmus of Kra), this population partially migratory, wintering to the southern Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D8F5BAA",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Alcedo erithaca"],["9280","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx erithaca macrocarus","Oberholser, 1917","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB0F2E4F",null,null,"Great Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/40/mode/1up","Ceyx tridactylus macrocarus"],["9281","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx rufidorsa","Strickland, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.165 p.99","Rufous-backed Dwarf Kingfisher","Rufous-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher","Rufous-backed Dwarf-kingfisher","2025-0250","Taxon <em>rufidorsa </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Ceyx erithaca </em>based on a combined analysis of plumage, morphometrics, and genetics (Lim et al. 2010a). Extensive plumage polymorphism in this complex appears to be the result of past introgression but the two species can be distinguished by mantle color, which is black in <em>erithaca</em> and rusty-brown in <em>rufidorsa</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data and morphometrics also segregate according to mantle color, a pattern consistent with species-level recognition.","lowland and foothill forest, favoring streams and pools, swamp forest, and mangroves, from southern Myanmar and Malayan Peninsula eastward to Palawan and Lubang (Philippines), Greater and Lesser Sundas, and some adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683144","rubkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubkin1","avibase-2F51076C",null,null,"Malacca.","Notes on certain species of birds from Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/467/mode/1up","Ceyx rufidorsa"],["9282","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx rufidorsa rufidorsa","Sharpe, 1869","A monograph of the Alcedinidæ: or, family of kingfishers p.121, pl. 41",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, and Greater and Lesser Sundas, to western Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82E72008",null,null,null,null,null,"Ceyx rufidorsa"],["9283","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx rufidorsa motleyi","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and adjacent north offshore islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE89355B",null,null,"Bettotan, near Sandakan, British North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Ceyx erithacus motleyi"],["9284","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx rufidorsa captus","Ripley, 1941","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 19 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E20B001B",null,null,"Soliga, Nias Island.","A new race of Ceyx erithacus.",null,"Ceyx erithacus captus"],["9285","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx rufidorsa jungei","Ripley, 1942","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 27 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue and Batu Islands (off northwestern and west-central Sumatra, respectively)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30603B05",null,null,"Ajer Dingen, Simalur Island.","A revision of the Kingfishers, Ceyx erithacus and rufidorsus.",null,"Ceyx rufidorsus jungei"],["9286","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx rufidorsa vargasi","Manuel, 1939","The Philippine Journal of Science 69 p.383, pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindoro and Lubang Islands (northwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB2EDD4",null,null,"Puerto Galera, Mindoro.",null,null,"Ceyx erithacus vargasi"],["9287","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx melanurus","(Kaup, 1848)","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.74","Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher","Philippine Dwarf-Kingfisher",null,"2025-0251","Taxon <em>mindanensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ceyx melanurus</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Plumage differences are minor, variation in morphology (size) is clinal, and divergence in mitochondrial DNA is relatively low (Andersen et al. 2013; Hosner et al. 2014). Nonetheless, the distinctiveness of <em>mindanensis </em>is supported by limited nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2013, 2018); further research is warranted.","Philippines (except West Visayas, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,"phikin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phikin1","avibase-F0EEF2F8",null,null,"Philippines.",null,null,"Alcedo melanura"],["9288","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx melanurus melanurus","(Kaup, 1848)","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Alabat, and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6AE1F6F",null,null,"Philippines.",null,null,"Alcedo melanura"],["9289","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx melanurus samarensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.10 no.65",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Samar and Leyte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1EE2E7A",null,null,"Samar and Leyte.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/14/mode/1up","Ceyx Samarensis"],["9290","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx melanurus platenae","Blasius, 1890","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao and Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F76B8DCB",null,null,"Mindanao.","Die von Herrn Dr. Platen und dessen Gemahlin im Sommer 1889 bei Davao auf Mindanao gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/160/mode/1up","Ceyx Platenae"],["9291","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx cyanopectus","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.33","Indigo-banded Kingfisher","Indigo-banded Kingfisher",null,"2025-0246","Taxon <em>nigrirostris </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ceyx cyanopectus</em> based on available evidence. Although mitochondrial DNA data (Andersen et al. 2018) did not recover these as monophyletic, the placement of <em>nigrirostris </em>is uncertain due to issues of sequence length and quality. Differences in plumage and size are modest, and vocalizations have not been rigorously analyzed. Further research is warranted.","Luzon group, Mindoro, and West Visayas (Philippines)",null,null,null,"inbkin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inbkin2","avibase-F7975DF0",null,null,"Type locality unknown = Luzon by designation of Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, 1930, p. 207.","Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Ceyx et sur le genre Scolopacinus du Prince Ch.-Luc. Bonaparte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/43/mode/1up","Ceyx cyano-pectus"],["9292","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx cyanopectus cyanopectus","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Polillo, and Ticao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67DF541C",null,null,"Type locality unknown = Luzon by designation of Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, 1930, p. 207.","Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Ceyx et sur le genre Scolopacinus du Prince Ch.-Luc. Bonaparte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/43/mode/1up","Ceyx cyano-pectus"],["9293","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx cyanopectus nigrirostris","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Cebu, Negros, and Panay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-617B96C7",null,null,"Panay, Negros and Cebu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/17/mode/1up","Ceyx nigrirostris"],["9294","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx argentatus","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.533","Southern Silvery Kingfisher","Southern Silvery-Kingfisher","Southern Silvery Kingfisher",null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan, Dinagat, and Mindanao)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726935","silkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silkin1","avibase-FEA93A09",null,null,"Dinagat, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/547/mode/1up","Ceyx argentata"],["9295","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx flumenicola","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.10","Northern Silvery Kingfisher","Northern Silvery-Kingfisher","Northern Silvery Kingfisher",null,null,"central Philippines (Bohol, Samar, and Leyte)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726943","norsik1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norsik1","avibase-5514B980",null,null,"Samar and Leyte.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/14/mode/1up","Ceyx flumenicola"],["9296","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx margarethae","Blasius, 1890","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.87 p.???","Dimorphic Dwarf Kingfisher","Dimorphic Dwarf-Kingfisher","Dimorphic Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"central and southern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726601","vardwk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk1","avibase-B797E63F",null,null,"Mindanao.",null,null,"Ceyx margarethae"],["9297","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx lepidus","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.4 pl.595 fig.1","Moluccan Dwarf Kingfisher","Moluccan Dwarf-Kingfisher","Moluccan Dwarf-kingfisher","2025-0247","Taxon <em>uropygialis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ceyx lepidus </em>based on available evidence. Although mitochondrial DNA data (Andersen et al. 2013, 2018) revealed a relatively deep divergence between these taxa, similarity in plumage and vocalizations suggests they are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","Moluccas (except Buru)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726591","varkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varkin1","avibase-B3012D2B",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/293/mode/1up","Ceyx lepida"],["9298","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx lepidus uropygialis","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi, Bisa, Bacan, Ternate, Halmahera, Tidore, and Morotai islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9CEB138",null,null,"Batchian and Ternate Islands","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/446/mode/1up","Ceyx uropygialis"],["9299","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx lepidus lepidus","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.4 pl.595 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Ambon, Ambelau, Seram, Saparua, Seram Laut, and Watubela islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B0BA4BA",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/293/mode/1up","Ceyx lepida"],["9300","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx cajeli","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.25 pl.5","Buru Dwarf Kingfisher","Buru Dwarf-Kingfisher","Buru Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726607","vardwk5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk5","avibase-1761DCEB",null,null,"Buru.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/59/mode/1up","Ceyx cajeli"],["9301","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx wallacii","Sharpe, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.270","Sula Dwarf Kingfisher","Sula Dwarf-Kingfisher","Sula Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61659795","vardwk2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk2","avibase-FE1C0F07",null,null,"Sula Islands.","On Two New or little-known Kingfishers belonging to the Genera Ceyx and Cittura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/344/mode/1up","Ceyx wallacii"],["9302","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx solitarius","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.4 pl.595 fig.2","Papuan Dwarf Kingfisher","Papuan Dwarf-Kingfisher","New Guinea Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726613","vardwk6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk6","avibase-72DE8F42",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/295/mode/1up","Ceyx solitaria"],["9303","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx mulcatus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.24","New Ireland Dwarf Kingfisher","New Ireland Dwarf-Kingfisher","New Ireland Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, and Lihir Islands (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726625","vardwk8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk8","avibase-629FB560",null,null,"New Hanover.","Description of a new Kingfisher from New Hanover.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/54/mode/1up","Ceyx solitaria mulcata"],["9304","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx sacerdotis","Ramsay, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.128","New Britain Dwarf Kingfisher","New Britain Dwarf-Kingfisher","New Britain Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"New Britain and Umboi (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726631","vardwk9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk9","avibase-EB20184F",null,null,"Kabahadai, New Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/142/mode/1up","Ceyx sacerdotis"],["9305","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx gentianus","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.438 pl.11","Makira Dwarf Kingfisher","Makira Dwarf-Kingfisher","San Cristobal Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726655","vardwk15","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk15","avibase-1F293B90",null,null,"Makira Harbor, San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/486/mode/1up","Ceyx gentiana"],["9306","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx collectoris","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.376","New Georgia Dwarf Kingfisher","New Georgia Dwarf-Kingfisher","New Georgia Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"New Georgia group (Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726643","vardwk11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk11","avibase-416A62A1",null,null,"Guadalcanal, error = Kulambangra (Kolombangara), central Solomon Islands; cf. Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 256.","List of a collection of birds from Guadalcanar Island, in the Solomon Group. (See anteà, pp. 179 to 189.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/428/mode/1up","Ceyx lepida collectoris"],["9307","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx nigromaxilla","Rothschild & Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.256","Guadalcanal Dwarf Kingfisher","Guadalcanal Dwarf-Kingfisher","Guadalcanal Dwarf-kingfisher","2025-0249","Taxon <em>malaitae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ceyx nigromaxilla </em>based on minor differences in plumage and bill color described from a single specimen. Although occurring on adjacent islands mitochondrial DNA (Andersen et al. 2018) did not recover them as monophyletic; a more comprehensive analysis of genetics and morphology is needed.","Guadalcanal and Malaita (south-central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726649","guadwk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guadwk1","avibase-E8585335",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/270/mode/1up","Ceyx lepida nigromaxilla"],["9308","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx nigromaxilla malaitae","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands; little-known)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1992D84",null,null,"Arola (\"3000 ft.), Malaita, 3000 feet, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Ceyx lepidus malaitae"],["9309","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx nigromaxilla nigromaxilla","Rothschild & Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF39D0E1",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/270/mode/1up","Ceyx lepida nigromaxilla"],["9310","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx dispar","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.106","Manus Dwarf Kingfisher","Manus Dwarf-Kingfisher","Manus Dwarf-kingfisher",null,null,"Admiralty Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726619","vardwk7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vardwk7","avibase-55DAB8DF",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/144/mode/1up","Ceyx dispar"],["9311","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx meeki","Rothschild, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.23","North Solomons Dwarf Kingfisher","North Solomons Dwarf-Kingfisher","North Solomons Dwarf-kingfisher","2025-0248","Taxon <em>pallidus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ceyx meeki</em> based on the available evidence. Plumages are nearly identical and mitochondrial DNA data (Andersen et al. 2018) recovered <em>pallidus </em>as sister to <em>meeki </em>with modest divergence.","Buka, Bougainville, Choiseul, and Isabel (northern and central Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726637","nosdwk1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nosdwk1","avibase-86DEADF3",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.","[Exhibition and description of new species from Isabel, Solomon Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/279/mode/1up","Ceyx meeki"],["9312","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx meeki meeki","Rothschild, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Choiseul and Santa Isabel (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86EF27C1",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.","[Exhibition and description of new species from Isabel, Solomon Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/279/mode/1up","Ceyx meeki"],["9313","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceyx meeki pallidus","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville and Buka (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8047436A",null,null,"Kino, in the hills (between 1400 and 2000 ft.), eastern Bougainville, Solomon Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Ceyx lepidus pallidus"],["9314","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle","Kaup, 1848","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo guttatus [Vigors, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1871, A Monograph of the Alcedinidae, p. viii). = Ceryle guttulata Stejneger, 1892  ",null,null,null,"Megaceryle"],["9315","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle alcyon","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115","Belted Kingfisher","Belted Kingfisher","Belted Kingfisher",null,null,"breeds southern Alaska eastward across central and eastern Canada, southward through south-central USA; winters to northern South America including Trinidad and Tobago and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683623","belkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belkin1","avibase-3558066B",null,null,"South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Alcedo Alcyon"],["9316","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle torquata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.180","Ringed Kingfisher","Ringed Kingfisher","Ringed Kingfisher",null,null,"wetlands from southernmost USA in Texas southward along the Gulf of Mexico slope and in the Pacific slopes of Mexico from Sinaloa southward to eastern Panama and northern South America, including Aruba, Bonaire, Isla Margarita, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Martinique, and Guadeloupe), west of the Andes southward along the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Peru (La Libertad), east of the Andes across the entire Amazon basin, interior Brazil, and the Atlantic Coast southward across Bolivia to central Argentina (Buenos Aires), also in southern Chile (Bio Bio) southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683634","rinkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinkin1","avibase-5EFB075F",null,null,"Martinique and Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/184/mode/1up","Alcedo torquata"],["9317","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle torquata stictipennis","(Lawrence, 1885)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.545 p.623",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Martinique (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C808C84C",null,null,"Guadeloupe, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/637/mode/1up","Ceryle stictipennis"],["9318","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle torquata torquata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Texas through South America, including Isla Margarita (off Venezuela) and Trinidad, to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDFF833C",null,null,"Martinique and Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/184/mode/1up","Alcedo torquata"],["9319","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle torquata stellata","(Meyen, 1834)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.93 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; winters to northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8AD687C",null,null,"Río Clado, San Fernando, Chile.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q=Alcedo%20stellata&f=false","Alcedo stellata"],["9320","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle maxima","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.6 p.14","Giant Kingfisher","Giant Kingfisher","Giant Kingfisher",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa along lowland and foothill large rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and coastal lagoons (except deserts), from Senegambia eastward through Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Ethiopia, and southward to southern and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683616","giakin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giakin3","avibase-F51C1C4A",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/246/mode/1up","Alcedo maxima"],["9321","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle maxima maxima","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.6 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89B85237",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/246/mode/1up","Alcedo maxima"],["9322","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle maxima gigantea","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.93 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Liberia to western Tanzania and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8498514A",null,null,"'Senegal,' but type probably from farther southeast.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/113/mode/1up","Ispida gigantea"],["9323","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle lugubris","(Temminck, 1834)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.92, vol.4 pl.548","Crested Kingfisher","Crested Kingfisher","Crested Kingfisher",null,null,"foothill and montane forest with fast-flowing streams and rivers, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to northeastern China and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), and southward to northern Thailand and central Vietnam; altitudinal migrant in Himalayas and Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683620","crekin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crekin1","avibase-BE8DC16C",null,null,"Japan, = Nagasaki, according to Seebohm.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/299/mode/1up","Alcedo lugubris"],["9324","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle lugubris continentalis","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.534",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir to central Bhutan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F114173",null,null,"Sikkim.","Some miscellaneous notes on palaearctic birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/548/mode/1up","Ceryle lugubris continentalis"],["9325","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle lugubris guttulata","(Stejneger, 1892)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15, no.904 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to eastern China (including Hainan), Myanmar, and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E12E178",null,null,"India and China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53607#page/394/mode/1up","Ceryle guttulata"],["9326","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle lugubris pallida","(Momiyama, 1927)","Annotationes Ornithologiae Orientalis 1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kuril Islands and Hokkaido",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AADDF7D",null,null,"Ishikari, Hokkaido","Some new and unrecorded Birds from Japanese Territories, I.",null,"Ceryle lugubris pallida"],["9327","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Megaceryle lugubris lugubris","(Temminck, 1834)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.92, vol.4 pl.548",null,null,null,null,null,"Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D3D8B0",null,null,"Japan, = Nagasaki, according to Seebohm.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/299/mode/1up","Alcedo lugubris"],["9328","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceryle","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alcedo rudis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 11). = Alcedo rudis Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/166/mode/1up","Ceryle"],["9329","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceryle rudis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.116","Pied Kingfisher","Pied Kingfisher","Pied Kingfisher",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane wetlands, including lakes, rivers, shoreline, and mangroves, of sub-Saharan Africa, and of southern Türkiye and Nile Valley (Egypt) eastward to southern Iran, and from Indian subcontinent eastward to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Thailand and Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683645","piekin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piekin1","avibase-8205077F",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/134/mode/1up","Alcedo rudis"],["9330","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceryle rudis syriacus","Roselaar, 1995","Songbirds of Turkey: An atlas of biodiversity of Turkish passerine birds p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye eastward to southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AB6AAC7",null,null,"[Syria]",null,null,"Ceryle rudis syriaca"],["9331","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceryle rudis rudis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt and Africa south of the Sahara",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E060F5E",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/134/mode/1up","Alcedo rudis"],["9332","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus","Reichenbach, 1851","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.8 (Alcedineae) p.21 pl.CCCIXb fig.3488",null,null,null,null,null,"Kashmir and northeastern Afghanistan to India and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50C42C80",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/35/mode/1up","Ceryle leucomelanura"],["9333","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceryle rudis travancoreensis","Whistler, 1935","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37 p.760",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern India (Cape Comorin to northern Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14585D85",null,null,"Travancore.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part X.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191487#page/380/mode/1up","Ceryle rudis travancoreensis"],["9334","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Ceryle rudis insignis","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China (south of Yangtze River Valley) and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCC932F3",null,null,"Hoihon, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/236/mode/1up","Ceryle rudis insignis"],["9335","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle","Kaup, 1848","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo superciliosa [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1871, A Monograph of the Alcedinidae, p. viii). = Alcedo aenea Pallas, 1764  ",null,null,null,"Chloroceryle"],["9336","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle amazona","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.257","Amazon Kingfisher","Amazon Kingfisher","Amazon Kingfisher",null,null,"southern Mexico to Colombia, Venezuela, and east of Andes to Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683649","amakin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amakin1","avibase-331DC00B",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/279/mode/1up","Alcedo amazona"],["9337","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle americana","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.451","Green Kingfisher","Green Kingfisher","Green Kingfisher",null,null,"streams, rivers, lakes and ponds from southernmost USA in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas southward across most of Mexico and Central America to the lowlands of Colombia, including the Cauca and Magdalena valleys; west of the Andes southward across Pacific Colombia and Ecuador to southern Peru (Arequipa), and far northern Chile; east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin, interior Brazil, and Río Paraná basin to central Argentina southward to southern Buenos Aires",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683652","grnkin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnkin","avibase-ED7D6741",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/463/mode/1up","Alcedo americana"],["9338","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle americana hachisukai","(Laubmann, 1941)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 22 Heft? p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Arizona to west-central Texas and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7532F1E6",null,null,"Rancho La Arizona, near Saric, Sonora. [Mexico]",null,null,"Ceryle americana hachisukai"],["9339","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Texas to southern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60AF24FE",null,null,"Lower California, south to Panama; restricted to Teapa, Tabasco, by Goldman, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1911, no. 27, p. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/148/mode/1up","Ceryle septentrionalis"],["9340","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle americana americana","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical South America (primarily east of Andes), including Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6F66BDB",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/463/mode/1up","Alcedo americana"],["9341","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle americana mathewsii","Laubmann, 1927","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 17 Heft3 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil and Bolivia to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25C94CBB",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,null,"Chloroceryle americana mathewsii"],["9342","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle americana cabanisii","(Tschudi, 1846)","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia and western Ecuador west of Andes to northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4267FB3",null,null,"Peru, i.e. vicinity of Lima.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/561/mode/1up","Alcedo Cabanisii"],["9343","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle aenea","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.1 no.54","American Pygmy Kingfisher","American Pygmy Kingfisher","American Pygmy-kingfisher",null,null,"streams and ponds in the lowlands of the Gulf of Mexico from San Luis Potosí and Veracruz southeastward across Central America to eastern Panama, and in the Pacific lowlands of westernmost Chiapas southeastward to Panama; in the lowlands of northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Curaçao, Trinidad and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to central Bolivia and in the Rio Paraná basin southward to eastern Paraguay and northernmost Argentina, to Corrientes; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil in Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683658","ampkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ampkin1","avibase-A08C5C06",null,null,"Surinam.",null,null,"Alcedo aenea"],["9344","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle aenea stictoptera","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico and Yucatan Peninsula to northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B62653E0",null,null,"Sisal, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/167/mode/1up","Ceryle superciliosa stictoptera"],["9345","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle aenea aenea","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.1 no.54",null,null,null,null,null,"central Costa Rica to Trinidad, the Guianas, and Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-018AD58A",null,null,"Surinam.",null,null,"Alcedo aenea"],["9346","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle inda","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.179","Green-and-rufous Kingfisher","Green-and-rufous Kingfisher","Green-and-rufous Kingfisher",null,null,"streams, rivers and swamps from northeastern Honduras eastward along the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica to northern Colombia, and southward along the Pacific lowlands of Colombia to west-central Ecuador; in central Colombia southward in the Magdalena Valley (to Boyacá); east of the Andes from northern Venezuela and the Guianas southward along the Orinoco and Amazon basins to central Bolivia and northeastern Paraguay; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Bahia southward to Santa Catarina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683655","garkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/garkin1","avibase-5900955B",null,null,"'India occidental!, ' error = Guiana ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/183/mode/1up","Alcedo inda"],["9347","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle inda inda","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nicaragua and the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica to northern Colombia and, east of the Andes, from Colombia to the Guianas and southward to Bolivia, Paraguay, and eastern Amazonian Brazil; also southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5352C722",null,null,"'India occidental!, ' error = Guiana ex Edwards.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/183/mode/1up","Alcedo inda"],["9348","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Chloroceryle inda chocoensis","Todd, 1943","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 56 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3550345D",null,null,"El Tambo, Chocó, Colombia.","Two new Birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/73/mode/1up","Chloroceryle inda chocoensis"],["9349","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Lacedo","Reichenbach, 1851","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.8 (Alcedineae) p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dacelo pulchella [Horsfield, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 16).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/55/mode/1up","Lacedo"],["9350","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Lacedo pulchella","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.175","Banded Kingfisher","Banded Kingfisher",null,"2025-0255","Taxon <em>melanops </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Lacedo pulchella </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Vocalizations appear to be indistinguishable and plumage (male head band color) is highly variable within <em>melanops</em>, ranging from black to chestnut. This contrasts with the deep mitochondrial DNA divergence reported between these taxa, a pattern also supported by nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2018). Further research is needed to resolve these inconsistencies, including formal bioacoustic analyses and determination of the basis for plumage polymorphism in <em>melanops</em>.","tropical rainforest, bamboo stands, and swamp forest in southwestern Myanmar eastward to north-central Vietnam, and southward through the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Bangka, Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,"bankin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bankin1","avibase-303D5356",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/194/mode/1up","Dacelo pulchella"],["9351","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Lacedo pulchella amabilis","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Thailand, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-670CA381",null,null,"Eastern Pegu Hills in the latitude of Thayetmyo.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/502/mode/1up","Carcineutes amabilis"],["9352","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Lacedo pulchella pulchella","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Riau Archipelago, and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23296BF0",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/194/mode/1up","Dacelo pulchella"],["9353","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Lacedo pulchella melanops","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F8E7160",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/252/mode/1up","Halcyon (Paralcyon) melanops"],["9354","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis","Gloger, 1841","Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte p.338",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo javana [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Peters, JL, 1945, Check-list of Birds of the World, 5, p. 186).",null,null,null,"Pelargopsis"],["9355","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis amauroptera","(Pearson, 1841)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 10, pt.2, no.116 p.635","Brown-winged Kingfisher","Brown-winged Kingfisher","Brown-winged Kingfisher",null,null,"coastal areas from eastern India to Myanmar and northern Malayan Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683213","bnwkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnwkin1","avibase-19C28D92",null,null,"Calcutta, India.","Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122870#page/167/mode/1up","Halcyon Amauropterus"],["9356","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis melanorhyncha","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.4 pl.391","Great-billed Kingfisher","Great-billed Kingfisher","Great-billed Kingfisher",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683230","blbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbkin1","avibase-7CF2B1F8",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/307/mode/1up","Alcedo melanorhyncha"],["9357","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis melanorhyncha melanorhyncha","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.4 pl.391",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57234A0D",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/307/mode/1up","Alcedo melanorhyncha"],["9358","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis melanorhyncha dichrorhyncha","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.2 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6481CB52",null,null,"Islands of Peling and Banggai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/46/mode/1up","Pelargopsis dichrorhyncha"],["9359","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis melanorhyncha eutreptorhyncha","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.2 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (east of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA1323AB",null,null,"Sula Mangoli Island, Sula Islands.","List of a collection of birds made in the Sula Islands by William Doherty.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/144/mode/1up","Pelargopsis melanorhyncha eutreptorhyncha"],["9360","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.180","Stork-billed Kingfisher","Stork-billed Kingfisher","Stork-billed Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland to foothill forested edge of rivers, lakes, and seashore, swamp-forest, and mangroves, from north-central and Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, and Andaman and Nicobar islands, eastward to southeastern Asia and southern Philippines, and southward to Greater and Lesser Sundas, and many adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683227","stbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbkin1","avibase-2B0E883A",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, error = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/184/mode/1up","Alcedo capensis"],["9361","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian Subcontinent along base of Himalayas and Gangetic Plain, from western Uttarakhand and southern Nepal eastward to Assam and Bangladesh, and from southeastern Gujarat and southern West Bengal southward to Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-762B7E3B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, error = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/184/mode/1up","Alcedo capensis"],["9362","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis osmastoni","(Stuart Baker, 1934)","The nidification of birds of the Indian Empire. Vol. 3 3 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A757486A",null,null,"Andaman [=Andaman Islands]",null,"https://archive.org/details/NidificationOfBirdsOfTheIndianEmpire3/page/n433/mode/2up","Ramphalcyon capensis osmastoni"],["9363","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis intermedia","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C0B3D90",null,null,"Southern Nicobars: restricted to Galatea Bay, Great Nicobar Island, by Oberholser, antea, p. 666.","Contributions to the Ornithology of India. The Islands of the Bay of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/184/mode/1up","Pelargopsis intermedia"],["9364","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis burmanica","Sharpe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.62,67",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to Thailand, Indochina, and southward to Isthmus of Kra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C05F1D17",null,null,"Tavoy, Tenasserim, Burma, Siam, Andaman Islands = Tonghoo, Burma.","On the Genus Pelargopsis, Gloger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/90/mode/1up","Pelargopsis burmanica"],["9365","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis malaccensis","Sharpe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula from Isthmus of Kra southward, and Riau and Lingga archipelagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EF15C2C",null,null,"Malacca, Malay Peninsula.","On the Genus Pelargopsis, Gloger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/95/mode/1up","Pelargopsis malaccensis"],["9366","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis cyanopteryx","(Oberholser, 1909)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35, no.1657 p.661,676",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Bangka, and Belitung",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2FF9A57",null,null,"Tapanuli Bay, northwestern Sumatra.","A revision of the kingfisher genus Ramphalcyon (Pelargopsis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32327#page/848/mode/1up","Ramphalcyon capensis cyanopteryx"],["9367","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis simalurensis","Richmond, 1903","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C1B4133",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/558/mode/1up","Pelargopsis simalurensis"],["9368","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis sodalis","Richmond, 1903","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"Banyak, Nias, Batu, and Mentawai Islands (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9807AE93",null,null,"Pulo Tuangku, Banjak Islands.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/559/mode/1up","Pelargopsis sodalis"],["9369","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis innominata","(van Oort, 1910)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 32 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC3D94D8",null,null,"Southern and northeastern Borneo.","List of a collection of birds from western Java and from Krakatau.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/140/mode/1up","Ramphalcyon capensis innominata"],["9370","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis javana","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E32056B7",null,null,"Java, error = Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/69/mode/1up","Alcedo Javana"],["9371","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis floresiana","Sharpe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.62,68",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali and western and central Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30F1AA9E",null,null,"Flores.","On the Genus Pelargopsis, Gloger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/90/mode/1up","Pelargopsis floresiana"],["9372","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis gouldi","Sharpe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.62,63",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindoro and Palawan group (west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47AA6966",null,null,"Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.","On the Genus Pelargopsis, Gloger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/90/mode/1up","Pelargopsis gouldi"],["9373","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Pelargopsis capensis gigantea","Walden, 1874","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.13, no.74 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Philippines southward from Polillo, including Sulu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F132A1",null,null,"Salok, Sulu Islands.","XVII. Descriptions of two new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78506#page/137/mode/1up","Pelargopsis gigantea"],["9374","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon","Swainson, 1821","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1, no.5 pl.27,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo senegalensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/175/mode/1up","Halcyon"],["9375","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.252","Ruddy Kingfisher","Ruddy Kingfisher","Ruddy Kingfisher",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill dense forest, woodland with streams, tidal forest, and mangroves, of northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, Japan (southern Hokkaido through Ryukyu Islands to Yonaguni), and from north-central India and Nepal eastward to Vietnam, and southward to Andaman Islands, Greater Sundas, Palawan (Philippines), Sulawesi, and associated islands; northern populations migrate southward to Philippines, Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683234","rudkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudkin1","avibase-6647508A",null,null,"Coromandel, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/274/mode/1up","Alcedo coromanda"],["9376","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda coromanda","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Nepal and southern West Bengal (northeastern India) eastward to northern Myanmar, south-central China (southern Yunnan), and northern Vietnam, and southward to southern Thailand; northern populations winter southward to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31E04FA1",null,null,"Coromandel, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/274/mode/1up","Alcedo coromanda"],["9377","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda major","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.75, pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (southern Hokkaido southward to Yakushima); winters to Taiwan, Philippines, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3906C464",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/85/mode/1up","Alcedo (Halcyon) coromanda major"],["9378","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda bangsi","(Oberholser, 1915)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48, no.2090 p.652",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Ryukyu Islands from Tokara Islands southward to Yonaguni (southern Japan); winters to Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7481AF8D",null,null,"Yaeyama, Ishigaki Island, Riu Kiu Islands.","A review of the subspecies of the Ruddy Kingfisher, Entomothera coromanda (Linnaeus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110977#page/764/mode/1up","Entomothera coromanda bangsi"],["9379","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda mizorhina","(Oberholser, 1915)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48, no.2090 p.645",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E1128F8",null,null,"North Andaman Island.","A review of the subspecies of the Ruddy Kingfisher, Entomothera coromanda (Linnaeus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110977#page/755/mode/1up","Entomothera coromanda mizorhina"],["9380","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda minor","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand (from about Isthmus of Kra) southward to Sumatra (including Simeulue, Batu, and Mentawai islands), Riau Archipelago, Bangka, Belitung, Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32FE6BBD",null,null,"Borneo and Sumatra, restricted to Pontianak, Borneo, by Oberholser, antea, 1915, p. 649.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/86/mode/1up","Alcedo (Halcyon) coromanda minor"],["9381","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda linae","Hubbard & du Pont, 1974","Nemouria no.13 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A84440B",null,null,"Iwahig (west of Puerto Princesa), Palawan, Philipinne Islands","A revision of the Ruddy Kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda (Latham).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/130/mode/1up","Halcyon coromanda linae"],["9382","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda claudiae","Hubbard & du Pont, 1974","Nemouria no.13 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Tawitawi, Bulubuk, and Sanga Sanga; southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-046EE5B2",null,null,"Bulubuk, Sanga Sanga Island, Tawi Tawi Group, Sula Archipelago, Philippine Islands","A revision of the Ruddy Kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda (Latham).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/130/mode/1up","Halcyon coromanda claudiae"],["9383","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda rufa","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi, Sangihe, Talaud, Togian, Muna, and Buton islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AB8B983",null,null,"Celebes and Sula Islands; the type in the British Museum was collected by Allen either on Mangoli or Besi, fide O. Neumann, in litt.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/392/mode/1up","Halcyon rufa"],["9384","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda pelingensis","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4BE4DD8",null,null,"Peling Island.","Six new Races from Peling.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/137/mode/1up","Halcyon coromanda pelingensis"],["9385","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon coromanda sulana","Mees, 1970","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 44, no.20 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (east of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8497A16",null,null,"Soela-Bessi [=Sanana Island, Indonesia]","Notes on some birds from the island of Formosa (Taiwan).","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149929","Halcyon coromanda sulana"],["9386","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon badia","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.264","Chocolate-backed Kingfisher","Chocolate-backed Kingfisher","Chocolate-backed Kingfisher",null,null,"humid forest and borders from central Sierra Leone eastward to southwestern Ghana, and from southern Nigeria eastward to southern Central African Republic and southwestern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent Uganda, and southward to northernmost Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683237","chbkin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbkin2","avibase-BD366A8F",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/282/mode/1up","Halcyon (Cancrophaga) badia"],["9387","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon malimbica","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.66","Blue-breasted Kingfisher","Blue-breasted Kingfisher","Blue-breasted Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, gallery forest in savanna, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward through Cameroon and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea; formerly also São Tomé) to southern South Sudan and western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683269","blbkin4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbkin4","avibase-0D8BDD35",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/98/mode/1up","Alcedo Malimbica"],["9388","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon malimbica torquata","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Senegambia and Guinea-Bissau to far western Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2AB42D1",null,null,"British Gambia (Senegal)","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/119/mode/1up","Halcyon torquatus"],["9389","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon malimbica forbesi","Sharpe, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.247 pl.6 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to eastern Nigeria and far western Cameroon; Bioko Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6285C62D",null,null,"Shonga, Niger River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/261/mode/1up","Halcyon forbesi"],["9390","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon malimbica dryas","Hartlaub, 1853","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.7 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Príncipe Island and (formerly) São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53750329",null,null,"Principe' Island and São Tomé","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's. (Fortsetzung von Jahrgang I, S. 385-400.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/638/mode/1up","Halcyon Dryas"],["9391","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon malimbica malimbica","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"riverine woodland of Cameroon to Uganda and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31723F0E",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/98/mode/1up","Alcedo Malimbica"],["9392","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon senegaloides","Smith, 1834","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.2, pt.1 p.144","Mangrove Kingfisher","Mangrove Kingfisher","Mangrove Kingfisher",null,null,"eastern and southeastern coastal Africa from southern Somalia through southeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683265","mankin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mankin2","avibase-1F360691",null,null,"Country about Port Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/162/mode/1up","Halcyon Senegaloides"],["9393","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.180","Woodland Kingfisher","Woodland Kingfisher","Woodland Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland and foothill woodland, wooded savanna, and riverine forest, from Senegambia eastward through the Sahel to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia, and southward to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa; equatorial populations resident but northern and southern savanna populations migrate toward the Equator post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683260","wookin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wookin1","avibase-47E71671",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/184/mode/1up","Alcedo senegalensis"],["9394","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon senegalensis fuscopileus","Reichenow, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria and Congo basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2269C2C8",null,null,"Jaundi and Bipindi, Cameroon.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/187/mode/1up","Halcyon senegalensis fuscopileus"],["9395","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon senegalensis senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E016AFC4",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/184/mode/1up","Alcedo senegalensis"],["9396","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon senegalensis cyanoleuca","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Tanzania to Angola, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C985F314",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/419/mode/1up","Alcedo cyanoleuca"],["9397","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon chelicuti","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lvi","Striped Kingfisher","Striped Kingfisher","Striped Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland to submontane woodland, wooded grassland, and thornscrub, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward through the Sahel to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and southward to eastern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683278","strkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strkin1","avibase-AB51824B",null,null,"Chelicut, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/656/mode/1up","Alaudo Chelicuti"],["9398","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon chelicuti eremogiton","Hartert, 1921","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"edge of Sahara (central Mali) to eastern Sudan (White Nile region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B4E75E2",null,null,"Zinder, southern Sahara, French West Africa (now Niger),","Captain Angus Buchanan's Aïr Expedition. IV. The birds collected by Capt. Angus Buchanan during his journey from Kano to Aïr or Asben.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/122/mode/1up","Halcyon chelicuti eremogiton"],["9399","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon chelicuti chelicuti","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lvi",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegambia to Ethiopia and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CAF0DCB",null,null,"Chelicut, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/656/mode/1up","Alaudo Chelicuti"],["9400","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon albiventris","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.90","Brown-hooded Kingfisher","Brown-hooded Kingfisher","Brown-hooded Kingfisher",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill woodland, forest edge, scrub, and parks and gardens, from eastern Gabon and southern Republic of Congo eastward to southern Somalia and southeastern Kenya, and southward to north-central Namibia and southern South Africa; some southern populations migrate northward post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683273","brhkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhkin1","avibase-C5D3CB2A",null,null,"'In nova Guiana' based on 'Martin Pecheur de l'Isle de Lucon' of Sonnerat, Voy. Nouv. Guinée, p. 64, pl. 31 = Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Alcedo albiventris"],["9401","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon albiventris albiventris","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa; some wintering north to southeastern Zimbabwe; intergrades with vociferans in KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B61A2B95",null,null,"'In nova Guiana' based on 'Martin Pecheur de l'Isle de Lucon' of Sonnerat, Voy. Nouv. Guinée, p. 64, pl. 31 = Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Alcedo albiventris"],["9402","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon albiventris orientalis","Peters, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Somalia to northern Botswana and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ADB9C81",null,null,"Inhambane, Mozambique.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/146/mode/1up","Halcyon orientalis"],["9403","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon albiventris prentissgrayi","Bowen, 1930","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 81 p.627",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo to southeastern Kenya, Angola, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ABA771F",null,null,"Forest above Meru, 5750 feet, Kenya Colony.","A new Kingfisher from East Africa : first preliminary notes on the birds collected during the Gray African Expedition - 1929.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064050","Halcyon albiventris prentissgrayi"],["9404","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon albiventris vociferans","Clancey, 1952","Annals of the Natal Museum 12 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Botswana to southern Mozambique, southward to central and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E59B5DAC",null,null,"Ingwavuma River, Lebombo foothills, NE Zululand","A systematic account of the birds collected on the Natal Museum Expedition to the Lebombo Mountains and Tongaland, July, 1951.",null,"Halcyon albiventris vociferans"],["9405","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon leucocephala","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.94","Grey-headed Kingfisher","Gray-headed Kingfisher","Grey-headed Kingfisher",null,null,"lowland to montane woodland, riparian woods and thickets, thornscrub, and brushy grassland, from Cabo Verde and Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and the southern Arabian Peninsula eastward to Oman, and southward to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa; southern populations migrate northward post-breeding, with intra-African migrations in some northern and Arabian populations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683255","gyhkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhkin1","avibase-178B6892",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/114/mode/1up","Alcedo leucocephala"],["9406","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon leucocephala acteon","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde (Santiago, Fogo, and Brava)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01C4C810",null,null,"No locality = Saotiago, Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/285/mode/1up","Dacelo Acteon"],["9407","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon leucocephala leucocephala","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AEBA95B",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/114/mode/1up","Alcedo leucocephala"],["9408","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon leucocephala semicaerulea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] 1 pt1 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea coast of far southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68AD9794",null,null,"Yemen, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/469/mode/1up","Alcedo semicaerulea"],["9409","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon leucocephala hyacinthina","Reichenow, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.2 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia and coastal Kenya to Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4111605A",null,null,"Zanzibar and Uzigua.","[Über einige Arten von Halcyon semicaeruleus (Forsk.)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/259/mode/1up","Halcyon semicaerulea hyacinthina"],["9410","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon leucocephala pallidiventris","Cabanis, 1881","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.152 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and northwestern Tanzania to northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-209134F4",null,null,"Angola.","[Über Novitäten des Berliner Zoologischen Museums].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/361/mode/1up","Halcyon pallidiventris"],["9411","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon pileata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41","Black-capped Kingfisher","Black-capped Kingfisher","Black-capped Kingfisher",null,null,"northeastern China and Korean Peninsula to southern India, Malayan Peninsula, and Sulu Archipelago",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683249","blckin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blckin1","avibase-6B292CA0",null,null,"China, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 673.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Alcedo pileata"],["9412","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon cyanoventris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.412","Javan Kingfisher","Javan Kingfisher","Javan Kingfisher",null,null,"lowlands of Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683252","javkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javkin1","avibase-E4948338",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/430/mode/1up","Alcedo cyanoventris"],["9413","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon gularis","(Kuhl, 1820)","Buffoni et Daubentoni figurarum avium coloratarum nomina systematica p.4","Brown-breasted Kingfisher","Brown-breasted Kingfisher","Brown-breasted Kingfisher","2025-0256","Taxon <em>gularis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Halcyon smyrnensis</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, and genetics. Combined analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2018) do not recover <em>gularis </em>and <em>smyrnensis </em>as monophyletic, with mtDNA providing strong support for a sister relationship between <em>gularis </em>and <em>cyanoventris</em>; a more comprehensive genetic review of this complex would be informative.","Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725856","bnbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnbkin1","avibase-8B9E43C7",null,null,"Madagascar, ex Pl. col., no. 232, error = Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103818#page/16/mode/1up","Alcedo Gularis"],["9414","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon smyrnensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.116","White-throated Kingfisher","White-throated Kingfisher","White-throated Kingfisher","2025-0256","Taxon <em>gularis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Halcyon smyrnensis</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, and genetics. Combined analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2018) do not recover <em>gularis </em>and <em>smyrnensis </em>as monophyletic, with mtDNA providing strong support for a sister relationship between <em>gularis </em>and <em>cyanoventris</em>; a more comprehensive genetic review of this complex would be informative.","lowland to montane open habitats with water, including lakes, swamps, beaches with palms, and mangroves, from southern Türkiye, Sinai (Egypt), southern Iran eastward through Indian Subcontinent, including Sri Lanka and Andaman Islands, to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Sumatra and western Java; seasonal short-distance migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725846","whtkin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtkin2","avibase-B30B6781",null,null,"Africa and Asia = Smyrna, ex Albin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/134/mode/1up","Alcedo smyrnensis"],["9415","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon smyrnensis smyrnensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Arabian Peninsula to Caucasus Mountains and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8359C2C7",null,null,"Africa and Asia = Smyrna, ex Albin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/134/mode/1up","Alcedo smyrnensis"],["9416","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon smyrnensis fusca","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"western India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9546EADF",null,null,"Malabar Coast, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum. no. 894.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/76/mode/1up","Alcedo fusca"],["9417","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon smyrnensis perpulchra","Madarász, 1904","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 2 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to Malayan Peninsula and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6BC4333",null,null,"Singapore.","Über neue formen von Halcyon smyrnensis und Alcedo ispida.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1904_Vol_2_1_85.pdf","Halcyon perpulchra"],["9418","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon smyrnensis saturatior","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 p.168,531",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B63D81F",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","Contributions to the Ornithology of India. The Islands of the Bay of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/186/mode/1up","Halcyon saturatior"],["9419","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Halcyon smyrnensis fokiensis","Laubmann & Götz, 1926","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 17 Heft? p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern China; Hainan and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEC05B7F",null,null,"Foochow, Fohkien.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Südost-China.",null,"Halcyon (Entomobia) smyrnensis fokiensis"],["9420","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Cittura","Kaup, 1848","Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung Heft2 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dacelo cyanotis [Temminck, 1824]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Cittura"],["9421","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Cittura cyanotis","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.44, vol.4 pl.262","Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher","Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher","Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher","2025-0263","Taxon <em>sanghirensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cittura cyanotis </em>based on differences in plumage, size, and genetics (Andersen et al. 2018); apparent vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2021) require documentation.","Sulawesi and Lembeh Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726889","lickin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lickin2","avibase-DE53CCF7",null,null,"Sumatra, error = Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/323/mode/1up","Dacelo cyanotis"],["9422","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Cittura sanghirensis","Sharpe, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.271 pl.27","Sangihe Lilac Kingfisher","Sangihe Lilac Kingfisher","Sangihe Lilac Kingfisher","2025-0263","Taxon <em>sanghirensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cittura cyanotis </em>based on differences in plumage, size, and genetics (Andersen et al. 2018); apparent vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2021) require documentation.","rainforest of Sangihe and Siau islands (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726899","lickin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lickin1","avibase-E9901CE9",null,null,"Sangi Islands.","On Two New or little-known Kingfishers belonging to the Genera Ceyx and Cittura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/347/mode/1up","Cittura sanghirensis"],["9423","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera","Vigors, 1825","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14, pt.3 p.433",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo dea [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Tanysiptera nais G.R. Gray, 1861",null,"Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13693#page/458/mode/1up","Tanysiptera"],["9424","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera sylvia","Gould, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.105","Buff-breasted Paradise Kingfisher","Buff-breasted Paradise-Kingfisher","Buff-breasted Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"north-central, south-central, and southeastern New Guinea and northeastern Australia; winters to New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725828","bubpak1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubpak1","avibase-44A15B3E",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.","A brief Account of the Researches in Natural History of John M'Gillivray, Esq., the naturalist attached to H. M. surveying Ship the Rattlesnake, on the North-eastern Coasts of Australia, New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/421/mode/1up","Tanysiptera sylvia"],["9425","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera sylvia salvadoriana","Ramsay, 1879","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.3 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Hall Sound to Kemp Welch River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9BF7601",null,null,"Near Port Moresby, New Guinea.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/311/mode/1up","Tanysiptera salvadoriana"],["9426","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera sylvia sylvia","Gould, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula southward to Clarke-Connors Range, central Queensland); winters in New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B623D449",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.","A brief Account of the Researches in Natural History of John M'Gillivray, Esq., the naturalist attached to H. M. surveying Ship the Rattlesnake, on the North-eastern Coasts of Australia, New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/421/mode/1up","Tanysiptera sylvia"],["9427","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nigriceps","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.105","Black-capped Paradise Kingfisher","Black-capped Paradise-Kingfisher","Black-headed Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"New Britain group (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725840","bubpak2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubpak2","avibase-72AD1390",null,null,"Duke of York Island.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/161/mode/1up","Tanysiptera nigriceps"],["9428","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nigriceps leucura","Neumann, 1915","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Umboi Island (off southern New Britain, southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-000C0183",null,null,"Rook (=Umboi) Island, Vitiaz Strait","Neue tropische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/190/mode/1up","Tanysiptera nigriceps leucura"],["9429","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nigriceps nigriceps","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain including Duke of York (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8265A238",null,null,"Duke of York Island.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/161/mode/1up","Tanysiptera nigriceps"],["9430","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nympha","Gray, 1840","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.6, no.36 p.238","Red-breasted Paradise Kingfisher","Red-breasted Paradise-Kingfisher","Red-breasted Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"locally in mangroves and forest of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683597","rbpkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbpkin1","avibase-9EC3410C",null,null,"New Guinea = The Vogelkop.","[in Miscellaneous] Remarks on a specimen of kingfisher, supposed to form a new species of the Tanysiptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19590#page/272/mode/1up","Tanysiptera Nympha"],["9431","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera danae","Sharpe, 1880","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.6, no.33 p.231","Brown-headed Paradise Kingfisher","Brown-headed Paradise-Kingfisher","Brown-headed Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Aroa River to Waria River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683602","bhpkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhpkin1","avibase-1FA5EA12",null,null,"Milne Bay, New Guinea.","XXIX. Description of two remarkable new Species of Kingfishers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81219#page/245/mode/1up","Tanysiptera Danae"],["9432","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera hydrocharis","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.172","Little Paradise Kingfisher","Little Paradise-Kingfisher","Little Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"southern New Guinea (Merauke to Fly River), including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683572","lipkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lipkin1","avibase-A82E59C9",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/238/mode/1up","Tanysiptera hydrocharis"],["9433","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera riedelii","Verreaux, 1866","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 2, fasc.4 p.21 pl.3 fig.1","Biak Paradise Kingfisher","Biak Paradise-Kingfisher","Biak Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683587","bipkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bipkin1","avibase-90BFFCDA",null,null,"Kordo Is. Geelvink Bay (not from Celebes)","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection zoologique du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49417#page/338/mode/1up","Tanysiptera Riedelii"],["9434","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera carolinae","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.13","Numfor Paradise Kingfisher","Numfor Paradise-Kingfisher","Numfor Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683592","nupkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nupkin1","avibase-88BC28F6",null,null,"Mafor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/25/mode/1up","Tanysiptera Carolinae"],["9435","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera ellioti","Sharpe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.630","Kofiau Paradise Kingfisher","Kofiau Paradise-Kingfisher","Kofiau Paradise-kingfisher",null,null,"Kofiau (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683582","kopkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kopkin1","avibase-4D4F15A4",null,null,"No locality.","On a new Kingfisher belonging to the Genus Tanysiptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/752/mode/1up","Tanysiptera ellioti"],["9436","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera obiensis","Salvadori, 1877","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.10 p.302","Obi Paradise Kingfisher","Obi Paradise-Kingfisher",null,"2026-060","Six species are recognised in the <em>Tanysiptera galatea</em> complex based primarily on vocal evidence following Sin et al. (2022): Papuan Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. galatea</em> (includes subspecies <em>galatea</em>, <em>minor</em>, <em>meyeri</em>, and <em>vulcani</em>), Morotai Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. doris</em> (includes subspecies <em>doris</em> and <em>emiliae</em>), Halmahera Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. margarathae</em> (includes subspecies <em>margarathae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, <em>brunhildae</em>, and <em>browningi</em>), Obi Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. obiensis (</em>monotypic<em>)</em>, Amboyna Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. nais</em> (includes subspecies <em>nais</em>, <em>acis</em>, and <em>boanensis</em>), and Rossel Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. rosseliana </em>(monotypic). As vocal data for taxa <em>brunhildae</em>, <em>emiliae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, and <em>vulcani</em> were lacking, these taxa are assigned to species groups based on geographic proximity. Genomic data may provide additional insights into species limits in this complex.","Obi, Obi Latu, and Bisa (central Moluccas)",null,null,null,"compak7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compak7","avibase-389A5E98",null,null,"Obi Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94425#page/318/mode/1up","Tanysiptera obiensis"],["9437","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera rosseliana","Tristram, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.557","Rossel Paradise Kingfisher","Rossel Paradise-Kingfisher",null,"2026-060","Six species are recognised in the <em>Tanysiptera galatea</em> complex based primarily on vocal evidence following Sin et al. (2022): Papuan Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. galatea</em> (includes subspecies <em>galatea</em>, <em>minor</em>, <em>meyeri</em>, and <em>vulcani</em>), Morotai Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. doris</em> (includes subspecies <em>doris</em> and <em>emiliae</em>), Halmahera Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. margarathae</em> (includes subspecies <em>margarathae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, <em>brunhildae</em>, and <em>browningi</em>), Obi Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. obiensis (</em>monotypic<em>)</em>, Amboyna Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. nais</em> (includes subspecies <em>nais</em>, <em>acis</em>, and <em>boanensis</em>), and Rossel Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. rosseliana </em>(monotypic). As vocal data for taxa <em>brunhildae</em>, <em>emiliae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, and <em>vulcani</em> were lacking, these taxa are assigned to species groups based on geographic proximity. Genomic data may provide additional insights into species limits in this complex.","Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"compak15","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compak15","avibase-CA53E1E6",null,null,"Rossel Island.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/587/mode/1up","Tanysiptera rosseliana"],["9438","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera doris","Wallace, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.349","Morotai Paradise Kingfisher","Morotai Paradise-Kingfisher",null,"2026-060","Six species are recognised in the <em>Tanysiptera galatea</em> complex based primarily on vocal evidence following Sin et al. (2022): Papuan Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. galatea</em> (includes subspecies <em>galatea</em>, <em>minor</em>, <em>meyeri</em>, and <em>vulcani</em>), Morotai Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. doris</em> (includes subspecies <em>doris</em> and <em>emiliae</em>), Halmahera Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. margarathae</em> (includes subspecies <em>margarathae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, <em>brunhildae</em>, and <em>browningi</em>), Obi Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. obiensis (</em>monotypic<em>)</em>, Amboyna Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. nais</em> (includes subspecies <em>nais</em>, <em>acis</em>, and <em>boanensis</em>), and Rossel Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. rosseliana </em>(monotypic). As vocal data for taxa <em>brunhildae</em>, <em>emiliae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, and <em>vulcani</em> were lacking, these taxa are assigned to species groups based on geographic proximity. Genomic data may provide additional insights into species limits in this complex.","Rau and Morotai (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,"compak17","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compak17","avibase-54BD3B93",null,null,"Morty Island [=Morotai]","On some new Birds from the Northern Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/395/mode/1up","Tanysiptera doris"],["9439","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera doris emiliae","Sharpe, 1871","A monograph of the Alcedinidæ: or, family of kingfishers p.265 pl.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Rau (Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6065020A",null,null,"Raou Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137827#page/562/mode/1up","Tanysiptera emiliae"],["9440","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera doris doris","Wallace, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-280F3C9F",null,null,"Morty Island [=Morotai]","On some new Birds from the Northern Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/395/mode/1up","Tanysiptera doris"],["9441","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nais","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.346","Amboyna Paradise Kingfisher","Amboyna Paradise-Kingfisher",null,"2026-060","Six species are recognised in the <em>Tanysiptera galatea</em> complex based primarily on vocal evidence following Sin et al. (2022): Papuan Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. galatea</em> (includes subspecies <em>galatea</em>, <em>minor</em>, <em>meyeri</em>, and <em>vulcani</em>), Morotai Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. doris</em> (includes subspecies <em>doris</em> and <em>emiliae</em>), Halmahera Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. margarathae</em> (includes subspecies <em>margarathae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, <em>brunhildae</em>, and <em>browningi</em>), Obi Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. obiensis (</em>monotypic<em>)</em>, Amboyna Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. nais</em> (includes subspecies <em>nais</em>, <em>acis</em>, and <em>boanensis</em>), and Rossel Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. rosseliana </em>(monotypic). As vocal data for taxa <em>brunhildae</em>, <em>emiliae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, and <em>vulcani</em> were lacking, these taxa are assigned to species groups based on geographic proximity. Genomic data may provide additional insights into species limits in this complex.","Buru and Seram group, including Boano, Ambon, Manipa, Manawoka, and Gorong (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,"compak19","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compak19","avibase-25D0F7FC",null,null,"Amboina.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/444/mode/1up","Tanysiptera naïs"],["9442","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nais acis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F08FDD6",null,null,"Buru.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/57/mode/1up","Tanysiptera acis"],["9443","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nais boanensis","Mees, 1964","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 40 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Boano (Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7187CF9",null,null,"Boano, off NW coast of Ceram","Four new subspecies of birds from the Moluccas and New Guinea.","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149651","Tanysiptera galatea boanensis"],["9444","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera nais nais","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Ambon, Manipa, Seram, Manawoka, and Gorong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07E85ED9",null,null,"Amboina.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/444/mode/1up","Tanysiptera naïs"],["9445","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera galatea","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.154","Papuan Paradise Kingfisher","Papuan Paradise-Kingfisher",null,"2026-060","Six species are recognised in the <em>Tanysiptera galatea</em> complex based primarily on vocal evidence following Sin et al. (2022): Papuan Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. galatea</em> (includes subspecies <em>galatea</em>, <em>minor</em>, <em>meyeri</em>, and <em>vulcani</em>), Morotai Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. doris</em> (includes subspecies <em>doris</em> and <em>emiliae</em>), Halmahera Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. margarathae</em> (includes subspecies <em>margarathae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, <em>brunhildae</em>, and <em>browningi</em>), Obi Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. obiensis (</em>monotypic<em>)</em>, Amboyna Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. nais</em> (includes subspecies <em>nais</em>, <em>acis</em>, and <em>boanensis</em>), and Rossel Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. rosseliana </em>(monotypic). As vocal data for taxa <em>brunhildae</em>, <em>emiliae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, and <em>vulcani</em> were lacking, these taxa are assigned to species groups based on geographic proximity. Genomic data may provide additional insights into species limits in this complex.","New Guinea, including Raja Ampat, Darnley, and Manam islands",null,null,null,"compak16","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compak16","avibase-220C80CC",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/214/mode/1up","Tanysiptera galatea"],["9446","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera galatea galatea","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A53DF0B6",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/214/mode/1up","Tanysiptera galatea"],["9447","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera galatea meyeri","Salvadori, 1889","Aggiunte alla Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to Jimi River Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32CE2C35",null,null,"Near Kafu, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34268#page/60/mode/1up","Tanysiptera meyeri"],["9448","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera galatea minor","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.815",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Digul River to Kumusi River) and Darnley Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69D410F8",null,null,"Mt. Epa, Yule Island, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/821/mode/1up","Tanysiptera galatea var. minor"],["9449","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera galatea vulcani","Rothschild & Hartert, 1915","Novitates Zoologicae 22, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Manam Island (off Papua New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B3A507",null,null,"Vulcan Island, off the north coast of New Guinea","The birds of Vulcan Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22360#page/58/mode/1up","Tanysiptera hydrocharis vulcani"],["9450","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera margarethae","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.42 p.406","Halmahera Paradise Kingfisher","Halmahera Paradise-Kingfisher",null,"2026-060","Six species are recognised in the <em>Tanysiptera galatea</em> complex based primarily on vocal evidence following Sin et al. (2022): Papuan Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. galatea</em> (includes subspecies <em>galatea</em>, <em>minor</em>, <em>meyeri</em>, and <em>vulcani</em>), Morotai Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. doris</em> (includes subspecies <em>doris</em> and <em>emiliae</em>), Halmahera Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. margarathae</em> (includes subspecies <em>margarathae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, <em>brunhildae</em>, and <em>browningi</em>), Obi Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. obiensis (</em>monotypic<em>)</em>, Amboyna Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. nais</em> (includes subspecies <em>nais</em>, <em>acis</em>, and <em>boanensis</em>), and Rossel Paradise-Kingfisher <em>T. rosseliana </em>(monotypic). As vocal data for taxa <em>brunhildae</em>, <em>emiliae</em>, <em>sabrina</em>, and <em>vulcani</em> were lacking, these taxa are assigned to species groups based on geographic proximity. Genomic data may provide additional insights into species limits in this complex.","Halmahera, Doi, Kayoa, and Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,"compak18","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/compak18","avibase-088D24B7",null,null,"No locality = Batjan, fide Hartert, Nov. Zool., 10, 1903, p. 49.","Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Vögel des „Museum Heineanum.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/416/mode/1up","Tanysiptera Margarethae"],["9451","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera margarethae browningi","Ripley, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FBAC1E1",null,null,"Kampung Pasir Putih, Jailolo district, Halmahera Island, near sea level","The subspecific name of the Common Paradise Kingfisher Tanysiptera galatea from Halmahera Island, North Moluccas (Maluku Utara), Indonesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/166/mode/1up","Tanysiptera galatea browningi"],["9452","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera margarethae brunhildae","Jany, 1955","Journal für Ornithologie 96, no.1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Doi (Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-367FC843",null,null,"Dama, Doi Islet, Loloda Islands, off northwestern Halmahera","Neue Vogel-formen von den Nord-Molukken.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01961176","Tanysiptera galatea brunhildae"],["9453","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera margarethae margarethae","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.42 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1B12986",null,null,"No locality = Batjan, fide Hartert, Nov. Zool., 10, 1903, p. 49.","Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Vögel des „Museum Heineanum.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/416/mode/1up","Tanysiptera Margarethae"],["9454","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Tanysiptera margarethae sabrina","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.347 pl.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Kayoa (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3106045",null,null,"Kayoa.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/445/mode/1up","Tanysiptera sabrina"],["9455","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Melidora","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Melidora euphrosiae [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy = Dacelo macrorrhinus Lesson, 1827",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/287/mode/1up","Melidora"],["9456","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Melidora macrorrhina","(Lesson, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 12 sect.2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.131","Hook-billed Kingfisher","Hook-billed Kingfisher","Hook-billed Kingfisher",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683516","hobkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hobkin1","avibase-EC72DAC4",null,null,"Dorey Harbor, New Guinea.","101. Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Dacelo. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137832#page/139/mode/1up","Dacelo macrorrhinus"],["9457","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Melidora macrorrhina waigiuensis","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-501B56FB",null,null,"Waigeu Island, off western New Guinea","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/119/mode/1up","Melidora macrorhina waigiuensis"],["9458","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Melidora macrorrhina macrorrhina","(Lesson, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 12 sect.2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Batanta, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD6F61E8",null,null,"Dorey Harbor, New Guinea.","101. Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Dacelo. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137832#page/139/mode/1up","Dacelo macrorrhinus"],["9459","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Melidora macrorrhina jobiensis","Salvadori, 1880","Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (2), 33 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cenderawasih to Astrolabe Bay), including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE2762C8",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44412#page/554/mode/1up","Melidora jobiensis"],["9460","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo","Leach, 1815","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 2 p.125",null,null,null,"2025-0336","The genus <em>Clytoceyx </em>(monotypic) is included in <em>Dacelo, </em>as a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data showed <em>Clytoceyx </em>to be nested within <em>Dacelo </em>(Andersen et al. 2018).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo gigantea [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Alcedo novaeguineae Hermann, 1783  ",null,null,null,"Dacelo"],["9461","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo rex","(Sharpe, 1880)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.6, no.33 p.231","Shovel-billed Kookaburra","Shovel-billed Kookaburra","Shovel-billed Kookaburra","2025-0336","The genus <em>Clytoceyx </em>(monotypic) is included in <em>Dacelo, </em>as a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data showed <em>Clytoceyx </em>to be nested within <em>Dacelo </em>(Andersen et al. 2018).","New Guinea (primarily in hills and adjacent lowlands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683202","shbkoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbkoo1","avibase-CCA68E33",null,null,"East Cape, New Guinea.","XXIX. Description of two remarkable new Species of Kingfishers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81219#page/245/mode/1up","Clytoceyx rex"],["9462","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo tyro","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.171","Spangled Kookaburra","Spangled Kookaburra","Spangled Kookaburra",null,null,"south-central New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683196","spakoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spakoo1","avibase-5B365DF7",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/237/mode/1up","Dacelo tyro"],["9463","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo tyro archboldi","(Rand, 1938)","American Museum Novitates no.990 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly savanna of south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F5946EB",null,null,"Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, New Guinea.","On some non-passerine New Guinea birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3790/","Sauromarptis tyro archboldi"],["9464","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo tyro tyro","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97A79CF9",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/237/mode/1up","Dacelo tyro"],["9465","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo gaudichaud","Gaimard, 1823","Bulletin Général et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques 3 p.52","Rufous-bellied Kookaburra","Rufous-bellied Kookaburra","Rufous-bellied Kookaburra",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683199","rubkoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubkoo1","avibase-8AA36DB0",null,null,"Papuan Islands (Restricted to Waigeo by Mayr 1941, List of New Guinea Birds, p. 89).","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d’oiseaux. Mém. lu à la Soc. d’hist. nat. de Paris, le 6 juin 1823, par M. Gaimard, membre corresp. de cette Soc., etc.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25872#page/58/mode/1up","Dacelo gaudichaud "],["9466","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo novaeguineae","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.192,note","Laughing Kookaburra","Laughing Kookaburra","Laughing Kookaburra",null,null,"southwestern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683189","laukoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laukoo1","avibase-94AF4A47",null,null,"New Guinea, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum, pl. 663 = New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/212/mode/1up","Alcedo novae Guineae"],["9467","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo novaeguineae minor","Robinson, 1900","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03CBA7F3",null,null,"Cooktown, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/314/mode/1up","Dacelo gigas minor"],["9468","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo novaeguineae novaeguineae","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.192,note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, to southeastern South Australia); introduced southwestern Australia and Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E020DD7B",null,null,"New Guinea, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum, pl. 663 = New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/212/mode/1up","Alcedo novae Guineae"],["9469","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo leachii","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.205","Blue-winged Kookaburra","Blue-winged Kookaburra","Blue-winged Kookaburra",null,null,"southern New Guinea and northwestern to northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683193","blwkoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwkoo1","avibase-6F0C3A53",null,null,"East Coast of Australia: Keppel Bay, Shoalwater Bay, Broad Sound.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/211/mode/1up","Dacelo leachii"],["9470","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo leachii superflua","Mathews, 1918","The birds of Australia 7 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-374538CB",null,null,"Mimika River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/225947#page/182/mode/1up","Dacelo leachii superfluus"],["9471","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo leachii intermedia","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10919C17",null,null,"Yule Island, Hall Sound, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/27/mode/1up","Dacelo intermedius"],["9472","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo leachii cervina","Gould, 1838","The birds of Australia and the adjacent islands pt.2 pl.2, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (northern Northern Territory and Tiwi islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D48A77FE",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","D:\\birds\\manuscripts\\1838\\Gould Birds Austr. Adj. Isl. Pt.2 nla.obj-185956948.pdf","https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-185956948/view?partId=nla.obj-186001946#page/n8/mode/1up","Dacelo cervina"],["9473","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo leachii occidentalis","Gould, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.602",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A06C938",null,null,"North- West Australia.","Description of a New Species of Dacelo from North-western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/718/mode/1up","Dacelo occidentalis"],["9474","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Dacelo leachii leachii","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia eastward to Cape York Peninsula, southward to Broome (norther Western Australia) in west and to Brisbane (southeastern Queensland), rarely to Byron Bay (northeastern New South Wales), in east",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49860159",null,null,"East Coast of Australia: Keppel Bay, Shoalwater Bay, Broad Sound.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/211/mode/1up","Dacelo leachii"],["9475","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Caridonax","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Halcyon fulgidus [Gould, 1857]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/170/mode/1up","Caridonax"],["9476","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Caridonax fulgidus","(Gould, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.331 p.65","White-rumped Kingfisher","White-rumped Kingfisher","White-rumped Kingfisher",null,null,"Lombok to Flores and nearby islets (Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683512","whrkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrkin1","avibase-E96B0BA9",null,null,"Lombok.","Descriptions of three new and very beautiful species of Birds, from Guatemala and from the Island of Lombock.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/77/mode/1up","Halcyon fulgidus"],["9477","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Actenoides hombroni [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/257/mode/1up","Actenoides"],["9478","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides monachus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.154","Green-backed Kingfisher","Green-backed Kingfisher",null,"2025-0258","Taxon <em>capucinus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Actenoides monachus</em> based on available evidence. Despite clear differences in head and tail color, evidence of clinality and plumage variation in areas of potential contact have not been explored, vocalizations remain poorly documented, and mitochondrial DNA divergence is shallow (Andersen et al. 2018).","Sulawesi",null,null,null,"grbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbkin1","avibase-1D15CDDD",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/252/mode/1up","Halcyon (Paralcyon) monachus"],["9479","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides monachus monachus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Sulawesi, including Manadotua and Lembeh islands (off northeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26AD22E0",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/252/mode/1up","Halcyon (Paralcyon) monachus"],["9480","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides monachus capucinus","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.2 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern, southeastern, and southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C744DC4",null,null,"Tonkean, East Peninsula, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/46/mode/1up","Monachalcyon capucinus"],["9481","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides princeps","(Reichenbach, 1851)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.8 (Alcedineae) p.38 pl.","Scaly-breasted Kingfisher","Scaly-breasted Kingfisher","Scaly-breasted Kingfisher","2025-0259","Taxon <em>regalis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Actenoides princeps </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Restricted to montane forest, <em>A. princeps sensu lato </em>is readily separated from its lowland counterpart<em> A. monachus </em>based on combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2018). Despite this, the plumage of <em>regalis </em>is similar to that of immature <em>monachus</em>, suggesting that adult plumages of <em>regalis </em>are unknown. Furthermore, it is likely that additional taxonomic diversity is present within this complex (Rheindt et al. 2014); further research needed to better understand species limits.","Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683556","scakin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scakin1","avibase-E26A54EC",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/52/mode/1up","Monachalcyon princeps"],["9482","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides princeps princeps","(Reichenbach, 1851)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.8 (Alcedineae) p.38 pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of northeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E93616E",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/52/mode/1up","Monachalcyon princeps"],["9483","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides princeps erythrorhamphus","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of northwestern and central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D32D4899",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains, 1800 metres, Celebes.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0102-0105.pdf#page=3","Monachalcyon princeps erythrorhamphus"],["9484","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides princeps regalis","(Stresemann, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-558D8C00",null,null,"Tanke Salokko, 2000 metres, Mengkoka Mountains, southeastern Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=9","Monachalcyon princeps regalis"],["9485","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides bougainvillei","(Rothschild, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.5","Moustached Kingfisher","Moustached Kingfisher","Moustached Kingfisher","2025-0257","Taxon <em>excelsus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Actenoides bougainvillei </em>based on similarities in plumage, shallow mitochondrial DNA divergence (Andersen et al. 2018), and anecdotal evidence of playback response. Both taxa are poorly known and described from a limited number of specimens; further research would be informative.","montane Bougainville and Guadalcanal (northwestern and south-central Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683519","moukin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moukin2","avibase-803B79B9",null,null,"Bougainville Island by A. S. Meek","On two new species of Kingfishers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/615/mode/1up","Halcyon bougainvillei"],["9486","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides bougainvillei bougainvillei","(Rothschild, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97D9D953",null,null,"Bougainville Island by A. S. Meek","On two new species of Kingfishers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/615/mode/1up","Halcyon bougainvillei"],["9487","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides bougainvillei excelsus","(Mayr, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53C44102",null,null,"Inland from Cape Hunter, 4000 feet, Guadalcanal.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 47, Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Halcyon bougainvillei excelsa"],["9488","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides concretus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.58, vol.4 pl.346","Rufous-collared Kingfisher","Rufous-collared Kingfisher","Rufous-collared Kingfisher",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683532","ruckin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruckin1","avibase-4A150CE8",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/327/mode/1up","Dacelo concreta"],["9489","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides concretus peristephes","(Deignan, 1946)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 36, no.12 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86A4D89C",null,null,"Khao Luang (lat 11 40'N, long 99 35'E), a mountain soutwest of Prachuap Khirikhan (Ko Lak), southwestern Siam","Ornithology - New subspecies of birds from peninsular Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/492/mode/1up","Halcyon concreta peristephes"],["9490","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides concretus concretus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.58, vol.4 pl.346",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Bangka and Belitung islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC23E20B",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/327/mode/1up","Dacelo concreta"],["9491","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides concretus borneanus","(Chasen & Kloss, 1930)","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 4 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44F4F2D3",null,null,"Bettotan, near Sandakan, North Borneo.","On a collection of Birds from the lowlands and islands of North Borneo.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234015/on-a-em-collection-of-birds-em-from-the-lowlands-and-islands-em-of-em-north-borneo","Halcyon concreta borneana"],["9492","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides hombroni","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.157","Blue-capped Kingfisher","Blue-capped Kingfisher","Blue-capped Kingfisher",null,null,"forest of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683542","blckin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blckin2","avibase-171AA689",null,null,"Oceania, error = Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/257/mode/1up","Actenoides hombroni"],["9493","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides lindsayi","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.97","Spotted Wood Kingfisher","Spotted Kingfisher","Spotted Kingfisher",null,null,"Luzon group and West Visayas (north-central and west-central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683535","spokin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spokin1","avibase-0FDF970A",null,null,"Neighborhood of Manila, Philippine Islands.","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/111/mode/1up","Dacelo Lindsayi"],["9494","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides lindsayi lindsayi","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Marinduque, and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06A76C87",null,null,"Neighborhood of Manila, Philippine Islands.","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/111/mode/1up","Dacelo Lindsayi"],["9495","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Actenoides lindsayi moseleyi","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of Panay and Negros (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10B16EF5",null,null,"Negros.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/15/mode/1up","Actenoides Moseleyi"],["9496","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma","Lesson, 1827","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 11 sect2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.443",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Syma torotoro [Lesson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/903/mode/1up","Syma"],["9497","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma megarhyncha","Salvadori, 1896","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.70-71","Mountain Kingfisher","Mountain Kingfisher","Mountain Kingfisher",null,null,"montane west-central to northeastern (Huon Peninsula) and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683569","moukin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moukin1","avibase-A61FDDF3",null,null,"Moroka, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/78/mode/1up","Syma megarhyncha"],["9498","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma megarhyncha sellamontis","Reichenow, 1919","Journal für Ornithologie 67, no.3 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EBFA7F8",null,null,"Sattelberg, New Guinea.","Bericht über die Maisitzung 1919","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43517#page/348/mode/1up","Syma sellamontis"],["9499","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma megarhyncha megarhyncha","Salvadori, 1896","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.70-71",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western, central, southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0BD98A4",null,null,"Moroka, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/78/mode/1up","Syma megarhyncha"],["9500","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma ochracea","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.2 p.148","Ochre-bellied Kingfisher","Ochre-bellied Kingfisher",null,"2026-084","Syma ochracea is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>S. torotoro</em> based on its distinctive vocalizations (Berryman 2025) supported by differences in plumage and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Linck et al. 2020).","D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"yebkin5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebkin5","avibase-E0FFD6C7",null,null,"Goodenough Island.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from p. 88).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/178/mode/1up","Syma torotoro ochracea"],["9501","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma torotoro","Lesson, 1827","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 11 sect.2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.443","Yellow-billed Kingfisher","Yellow-billed Kingfisher",null,"2026-084","Syma ochracea is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>S. torotoro</em> based on its distinctive vocalizations (Berryman 2025) supported by differences in plumage and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Linck et al. 2020).","New Guinea and satellite islands, and northeastern Australia",null,null,null,"yebkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebkin1","avibase-80104820",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari] New Guinea.","293. Nouveau genre d'oiseau. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/903/mode/1up","Syma torotoro"],["9502","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma torotoro torotoro","Lesson, 1827","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 11 sect.2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95C9BE8F",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari] New Guinea.","293. Nouveau genre d'oiseau. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/903/mode/1up","Syma torotoro"],["9503","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Syma torotoro flavirostris","(Gould, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8A1DA95",null,null,"Cape York Peninsula, Australia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/421/mode/1up","Halcyon (Syma?) flavirostris"],["9504","genus","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus","Lesson, 1827","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 12 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Todiramphus sacra [Lesson, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 10). = Alcedo tuta J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137832#page/277/mode/1up","Todiramphus"],["9505","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus nigrocyaneus","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.165 pl.19","Blue-black Kingfisher","Blue-black Kingfisher","Blue-black Kingfisher",null,null,"New Guinea and northwestern satellite islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683282","blbkin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbkin3","avibase-67C46F57",null,null,"Northwest peninsula of New Guinea = Manokwari.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/207/mode/1up","Halcyon nigrocyanea"],["9506","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus nigrocyaneus nigrocyaneus","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.165 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western New Guinea, including Batanta and Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20DB435A",null,null,"Northwest peninsula of New Guinea = Manokwari.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/207/mode/1up","Halcyon nigrocyanea"],["9507","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus nigrocyaneus quadricolor","(Oustalet, 1880)","Le Naturaliste 2 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay to Astrolabe Bay), including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-697C8AC3",null,null,"North coast of New Guinea between long. 136° 31' and 137° E.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105816#page/324/mode/1up","Cyanalcyon quadricolor"],["9508","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus nigrocyaneus stictolaemus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central to southeastern New Guinea (central Trans-Fly region eastward to the southeastern peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F771F30F",null,null,"Upper Fly River, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/26/mode/1up","Cyanalcyon stictolaema"],["9509","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus winchelli","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.318 pl.47","Rufous-lored Kingfisher","Rufous-lored Kingfisher","Rufous-lored Kingfisher",null,null,"Philippines (except Luzon group, Mindoro, and Palawan group)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683291","rulkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rulkin1","avibase-E482C372",null,null,"Isabella, Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/440/mode/1up","Halcyon Winchelli"],["9510","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus winchelli nigrorum","(Hachisuka, 1934)","The birds of the Philippine Islands, with notes on the mammal fauna vol.2 pt3 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Bohol, Cebu, Negros, Samar, Siquijor, Leyte, and Biliran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6806AE8B",null,null,"Canloan Volcano, Negros.",null,null,"Halcyon winchelli nigrorum"],["9511","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus winchelli nesydrionetes","(Parkes, 1966)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Romblon, Sibuyan, and Tablas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53496FFB",null,null,"Badajos (=Badajoz), Tablas Island, Philippines","Geographic variation in Winchell's Kingfisher Halcyon winchelli of the Phillippines","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/122/mode/1up","Halcyon winchelli nesydrionetes"],["9512","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus winchelli mindanensis","(Parkes, 1966)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BFB43FD",null,null,"Matam, Katipunan, Zamboanga Province, Mindanao, Philippines","Geographic variation in Winchell's Kingfisher Halcyon winchelli of the Phillippines","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/121/mode/1up","Halcyon winchelli mindanensis"],["9513","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus winchelli winchelli","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.318 pl.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B7D02F3",null,null,"Isabella, Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/440/mode/1up","Halcyon Winchelli"],["9514","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus winchelli alfredi","(Oustalet, 1890)","Le Naturaliste (2), 12 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Papahag, and Tawitawi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25DB1416",null,null,"Bongao, Tawi-Tawi group, Philippines","Description d'un nouveau Martin Pecheur des Iles Philippines","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30672#page/66/mode/1up","Halcyon winchelli alfredi"],["9515","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus funebris","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.157","Sombre Kingfisher","Sombre Kingfisher","Sombre Kingfisher",null,null,"Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683387","somkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somkin1","avibase-66629E0A",null,null,"Celebes, ex Forsten MSS., error = Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/257/mode/1up","Todiramphus funebris"],["9516","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus pyrrhopygius","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.92 p.113","Red-backed Kingfisher","Red-backed Kingfisher","Red-backed Kingfisher",null,null,"semiarid inland and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683357","rebkin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebkin2","avibase-F103AAE1",null,null,"Interior of New South Wales.","On some new Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/837/mode/1up","Halcyon pyrrhopygia"],["9517","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus albonotatus","(Ramsay, 1884)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.9, pt.3 p.863","White-mantled Kingfisher","New Britain Kingfisher","New Britain Kingfisher",null,null,"coastal lowlands of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683328","nebkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebkin1","avibase-9487A526",null,null,"New Britain.","Descriptions of two new species of Birds from the Australo-Malayan region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30487#page/895/mode/1up","Halcyon (Cyanalcyon) albonotata"],["9518","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus leucopygius","(Verreaux, 1858)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.305","Ultramarine Kingfisher","Ultramarine Kingfisher","Ultramarine Kingfisher",null,null,"eastern and central Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683341","ultkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ultkin1","avibase-37921A66",null,null,"Solomon Islands.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/309/mode/1up","Cyanalcyon leucopygius"],["9519","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus macleayii","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 pl.101, with text","Forest Kingfisher","Forest Kingfisher","Forest Kingfisher",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea including eastern satellite islands, New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago), and north-central and eastern Australia; winters to eastern Lesser Sundas and southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683322","forkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forkin1","avibase-31B7FC11",null,null,"No locality, restricted to Port Essington, Northern Territory, by Berlepsch, Abhandl. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., 34, 1911, p. 75.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/299/mode/1up","Halcyon Macleayii"],["9520","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus macleayii elisabeth","(Heine, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.162 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC162A43",null,null,"Southwestern New Guinea, error = Astrolabe Bay.","Bericht über die März-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/234/mode/1up","Cyanalcyon Elisabeth"],["9521","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus macleayii macleayii","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 pl.101, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (northern Northern Territory); winters to Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and Sermata (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7530897",null,null,"No locality, restricted to Port Essington, Northern Territory, by Berlepsch, Abhandl. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., 34, 1911, p. 75.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/299/mode/1up","Halcyon Macleayii"],["9522","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus macleayii incinctus","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (eastern Queensland southward to central New South Wales coast); winters to eastern New Guinea and Kai Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ED7BFA3",null,null,"New South Wales = Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/303/mode/1up","Halcyon incinctus"],["9523","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus diops","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.4 pl.272","Blue-and-white Kingfisher","Blue-and-white Kingfisher","Blue-and-white Kingfisher",null,null,"Halmahera, Ternate, Morotai, Bacan, Obi, and adjacent Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683304","bawkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawkin1","avibase-06CB752D",null,null,"Amboina Timor and Celebes; error, I designate Ternate.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/315/mode/1up","Alcedo diops"],["9524","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus lazuli","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.86, vol.4 pl.508","Lazuli Kingfisher","Lazuli Kingfisher","Lazuli Kingfisher",null,null,"southern Moluccas (Ambon, Seram, and Haruku)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683310","lazkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lazkin1","avibase-6E12BE50",null,null,"Sumatra, error = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/319/mode/1up","Alcedo lazuli"],["9525","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus australasia","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.419","Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher","Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher","Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher",null,null,"Lesser Sundas and Tanimbar Islands (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683428","cibkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibkin1","avibase-F9D8B10D",null,null,"No locality; Timor designated by Hellmayr, Avif. Timor, 1914, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/437/mode/1up","Alcedo australasia"],["9526","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus australasia australasia","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.419",null,null,null,null,null,"Lombok to Romang (western and central Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00F5E636",null,null,"No locality; Timor designated by Hellmayr, Avif. Timor, 1914, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/437/mode/1up","Alcedo australasia"],["9527","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus australasia dammerianus","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Leti to Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D57957C",null,null,"Wulur, Dammer (or Damar Island), northeast of Flores, Banda Sea","The birds of Dammer Island in the Banda Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/33/mode/1up","Halcyon australasiae dammeriana"],["9528","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus australasia odites","(Peters, 1945)","Check-list of birds of the world 5 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena and Larat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7611ABB",null,null,"Timorlaut.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50583#page/221/mode/1up","Halcyon australasia odites"],["9529","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus farquhari","(Sharpe, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.29","Vanuatu Kingfisher","Vanuatu Kingfisher","Vanuatu Kingfisher",null,null,"Espiritu Santo, Malo, and Malakula (northern to central Vanuatu)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683347","chbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbkin1","avibase-5EB42312",null,null,"Malikolo and Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides.","[Exhibition and description of a series of specimens from the New Hebrides group of islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/61/mode/1up","Halcyon farquhari"],["9530","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus cinnamominus","(Swainson, 1821)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.13 pl.67,text","Guam Kingfisher","Guam Kingfisher","Guam Kingfisher",null,null,"formerly Guam (Mariana Islands); extinct in the wild; small captive population","Extinct in the Wild","EW","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725862","mickin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mickin1","avibase-4D9CF8EC",null,null,"No locality = Marianas Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/15/mode/1up","Halcyon cinnamominus"],["9531","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus pelewensis","(Wiglesworth, 1891)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.6 p.15","Rusty-capped Kingfisher","Palau Kingfisher","Palau Kingfisher",null,null,"Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725870","mickin4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mickin4","avibase-2C302D27",null,null,"Palau Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/257/mode/1up","Halcyon pelewensis"],["9532","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus godeffroyi","(Finsch, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.408","Marquesan Kingfisher","Marquesan Kingfisher","Marquesas Kingfisher",null,null,"now only on Tahuata, southern Marquesas Islands (eastern French Polynesia); formerly also Hiva Oa; reports elsewhere unconfirmed",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683487","markin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/markin2","avibase-ED3D4981",null,null,"Marquesas Islands.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Marquesas Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/58/mode/1up","Halcyon godeffroyi"],["9533","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus ruficollaris","(Holyoak, 1974)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.147","Mewing Kingfisher","Mewing Kingfisher","Mangaia Kingfisher",null,null,"mangroves of Mangaia (southern Cook Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683465","mankin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mankin1","avibase-398E3D2F",null,null,"Mangaia, Cook Islands","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/393/mode/1up","Halcyon ruficollaris"],["9534","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus veneratus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.453","Society Kingfisher","Society Kingfisher",null,"2025-0261","Taxon <em>youngi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Todiramphus veneratus</em> based on similarities in vocalizations (Fry et al. 1992) and genetics (Andersen et al. 2015a, 2018; Thibault &amp; Cibois 2017). The plumage of <em>youngi </em>is distinctive, albeit variable (van der Vliet et al. 2019), which may be indicative of gene flow with <em>veneratus</em>. Behavioral, bioacoustic, and genomic studies are needed to better understand species limits in this complex.","coastal to inland forest of Moorea and Tahiti (Windward Society Islands, eastern Polynesia)",null,null,null,"tahkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tahkin1","avibase-D42C7863",null,null,"'Insula amici' = Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/465/mode/1up","Alcedo venerata"],["9535","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus veneratus veneratus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal to inland forest of Tahiti (Windward Society Islands, French Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53C9EF2B",null,null,"'Insula amici' = Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/465/mode/1up","Alcedo venerata"],["9536","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus veneratus youngi","Sharpe, 1892","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of Moorea (Windward Society Islands, French Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-270BB45F",null,null,"Moorea, Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/303/mode/1up","Todirhamphus youngi"],["9537","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus gambieri","(Oustalet, 1895)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin (3), 7 p.182","Tuamotu Kingfisher","Tuamotu Kingfisher","Tuamotu Kingfisher","2025-0262","Taxon <em>gertrudae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Todiramphus gambieri</em> based on available evidence. Although restricted to widely allopatric populations within the Tuamotus, the taxa differ only in minor plumage characters. Limited mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data place <em>gertrudae </em>within the <em>tutus </em>complex of the Tuamotus, but DNA data for the unique type specimen of <em>gambieri </em>is lacking (Thibault &amp; Cibois 2017); further genetic research is warranted.","Niau (northwestern Tuamotu Archipelago) and formerly Mangareva (eastern Tuamotu Archipelago)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683499","tuakin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tuakin2","avibase-C7C7C1AE",null,null,"Mangareva, Gambier Archipelago, Tuamotus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121477#page/200/mode/1up","Halcyon Gambieri"],["9538","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus gambieri gambieri","(Oustalet, 1895)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin (3), 7 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Mangareva (eastern Tuamotu Archipelago); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-8149ACD2",null,null,"Mangareva, Gambier Archipelago, Tuamotus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121477#page/200/mode/1up","Halcyon Gambieri"],["9539","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus gambieri gertrudae","Murphy, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.149 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Niau (northwestern Tuamotu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5709225C",null,null,"Niau, Tuamotu Archipelago.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4369/","Todirhamphus gertrudae"],["9540","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tutus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.453 no.28","Chattering Kingfisher","Chattering Kingfisher","Chattering Kingfisher",null,null,"Atiu and Mauke islands (eastern Cook islands) and Leeward Society Islands (eastern Polynesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683479","chakin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chakin2","avibase-60C7E118",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/465/mode/1up","Alcedo tuta"],["9541","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tutus tutus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.453 no.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Bora Bora, Maupiti, Raiatea, Huahine, Tahaa; reports from Tahiti probably erroneous",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9383BDA",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/465/mode/1up","Alcedo tuta"],["9542","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tutus atiu","(Holyoak, 1974)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Atiu (eastern Cook Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D504815",null,null,"Cook Islands, Mangaia","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/402/mode/1up","Halcyon tuta atiu"],["9543","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tutus mauke","(Holyoak, 1974)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauke (eastern Cook Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4AD4E99",null,null,"Cook Islands, Mauke","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/402/mode/1up","Halcyon tuta mauke"],["9544","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus recurvirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.134","Flat-billed Kingfisher","Flat-billed Kingfisher","Flat-billed Kingfisher",null,null,"western Samoa (Apolima, Upolu, and Savai'i)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683368","flbkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flbkin1","avibase-5AAAB4E4",null,null,"'In insulis maris Australis' = Samoa.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/144/mode/1up","Todiramphus recurvirostris"],["9545","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus reichenbachii","Hartlaub, 1852","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 18, bd.1 p.131","Pohnpei Kingfisher","Pohnpei Kingfisher","Pohnpei Kingfisher",null,null,"Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726585","mickin5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mickin5","avibase-18B6E8CF",null,null,"Name for Todiramphus cinnamomina var. Reichenbach, Ponape.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31352#page/139/mode/1up","Todirhamphus Reichenbachii"],["9546","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.453","Pacific Kingfisher","Pacific Kingfisher",null,"2025-0260","The <em>Todiramphus chloris sensu lato </em>complex is treated as six species based on genetics: <em>T. chloris </em>(polytypic); <em>T. sordidus </em>(polytypic); <em>T. colonus </em>(monotypic); <em>T. sacer </em>(polytypic); <em>T. albicilla </em>(polytypic); and <em>T. tristrami </em>(polytypic). Both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015a, 2018; O’Connell et al. 2019) failed to recover <em>T. chloris</em> as monophyletic with the broadly sympatric <em>T. sanctus</em>, and other species, embedded within the complex. Although species limits remain poorly resolved, the groupings proposed by Andersen et al. (2015a, 2018) are mostly congruent with recognized biogeographical areas of endemism. Further research is needed to better define species limits in this highly polytypic complex.","lowland coastal shore, open woodland, and mangroves, on small islands in the South Pacific from Solomon Archipelago and Vanuatu eastward to Tonga and Samoa",null,null,null,"packin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/packin1","avibase-65BDC7D8",null,null,"Society Islands, New Zealand, Philippines; restricted to Tongatabu by Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, 1919, p. 196.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/465/mode/1up","Alcedo sacra"],["9547","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer torresianus","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Torres Group (Toga, Loh, and Hiu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B2B7A05",null,null,"Hiu Island, Torres Group.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris torresiana"],["9548","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer santoensis","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Banks Group to Espiritu Santo and Malo (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFBA07CE",null,null,"Espiritu Santo Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris santoensis"],["9549","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer juliae","(Heine, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.45 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Maewo and Aoba islands to Efate (northern and central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EE6CDE6",null,null,"New Hebrides, restricted to Efate by Mayr, antea, 1931, p. 5.","Ueber zwei neue Waldlieste (Sauropatis)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/196/mode/1up","Sauropatis Juliae"],["9550","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer erromangae","(Mayr, 1938)","American Museum Novitates no.986 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Erromango (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B165E026",null,null,"Dillon's Bay, Erromanga, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 38, On a collection from Erromanga, New Hebrides.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3820/","Halcyon chloris erromangae"],["9551","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer tannensis","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanna (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-873312A1",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/280/mode/1up","Halcyon tannensis"],["9552","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer sacer","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"Tonga",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1F868A8",null,null,"Society Islands, New Zealand, Philippines; restricted to Tongatabu by Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, 1919, p. 196.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/465/mode/1up","Alcedo sacra"],["9553","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer pealei","(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1867)","Beitrag zur Fauna Centralpolynesiens. Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa- und Tonga-Inseln p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Tutuila (American Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47B6B48C",null,null,"Tutuila, Samoa Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50141#page/84/mode/1up","Halcyon Pealei"],["9554","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer manuae","(Mayr, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"American Samoa (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90C01D72",null,null,"Tau Island, Manua Islands, Samoa.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 47, Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Halcyon chloris manuae"],["9555","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer pavuvu","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Pavuvu (Russell Group in central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAB3049A",null,null,"Pavuvu, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Halcyon chloris pavuvu"],["9556","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer mala","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-152B9724",null,null,"Malaita, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Halcyon chloris mala"],["9557","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer amoenus","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell and Bellona (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D72246C",null,null,"Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris amoena"],["9558","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer sororum","(Galbraith & Galbraith, 1962)","Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 9 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaupaina and Malaulalo (southern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA0D836E",null,null,"Malau Paina Island, San Cristoval, British Solomon Islands, 19th December, 1938, coll. W. French.","Land birds of Guadalcanal and the San Cristoval group, Eastern Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19417#page/53/mode/1up","Halcyon chloris sororum"],["9559","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer solomonis","(Ramsay, 1882)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.4 p.833",null,null,null,null,null,"Uki Ni Masi, Makira, and Santa Ana (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-119A4D3E",null,null,"Ugi, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/853/mode/1up","Halcyon solomonis"],["9560","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer brachyurus","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Reef Islands (Fenualoa and Lomlon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00E30F8A",null,null,"Fenualoa Island, Reef Islands, Banks Group, northern New Hebrides","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris brachyura"],["9561","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer vicina","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Duff Islands (northern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC5CD1E7",null,null,"Disappointment Island, Duff Group, northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris vicina"],["9562","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer ornatus","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Cruz and Tinakula, in Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71EDC8E9",null,null,"Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris ornata"],["9563","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer utupuae","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Utupua (central Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC9BA476",null,null,"Utupua Island, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris utupuae"],["9564","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer melanodera","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.469 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanikoro (Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C54E8780",null,null,"Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 12, Notes on Halcyon chloris and some of its subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3018/","Halcyon chloris melanodera"],["9565","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer vitiensis","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Viti Levu, Ovalau, Koro, and Gau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86991F4A",null,null,"Vanua Levu and Ovalau, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/176/mode/1up","Dacelo vitiensis"],["9566","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer eximius","(Mayr, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Kadavu, Ono, and Vanua Kula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C5D2261",null,null,"Ono Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 47, Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Halcyon chloris eximia"],["9567","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer regina","(Mayr, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Futuna (Wallis and Futuna, central Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E30D407F",null,null,"Futuna Island, central Polynesia.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 47, Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Halcyon chloris regina"],["9568","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sacer marinus","(Mayr, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Lau Archipelago (eastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-091B8C09",null,null,"Ongea Levu, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 47, Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Halcyon chloris marina"],["9569","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sanctus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.206","Sacred Kingfisher","Sacred Kingfisher","Sacred Kingfisher",null,null,"Australia including Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands, New Zealand, and eastern Solomon Archipelago; winters to Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea region, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683442","sackin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sackin1","avibase-D3BC0A03",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/212/mode/1up","Halcyon sanctus"],["9570","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sanctus sanctus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Australia (except western deserts and Tasmania) to Solomon Archipelago; winters to New Guinea and south-central Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51F39E09",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/212/mode/1up","Halcyon sanctus"],["9571","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sanctus vagans","(Lesson, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 p.694",null,null,null,null,null,"Lord Howe Island (east of Australia), North to Stewart Islands, and Kermadec Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8227F40",null,null,"Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/97/mode/1up","Alcedo vagans"],["9572","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sanctus norfolkiensis","(Tristram, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.9 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AF54F1E",null,null,"Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/81/mode/1up","Halcyon norfolkiensis"],["9573","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sanctus canacorum","(Brasil, 1916)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 4 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Île des Pins",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-345D9235",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105190#page/255/mode/1up","Sauropatis sancta canacorum"],["9574","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sanctus macmillani","(Mayr, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1057 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4D922AF",null,null,"Mare Island, Loyalty Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 42, On the birds of the Loyalty Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2229/","Halcyon sancta macmillani"],["9575","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sordidus","(Gould, 1842)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.113 p.72","Torresian Kingfisher","Torresian Kingfisher",null,"2025-0260","The <em>Todiramphus chloris sensu lato </em>complex is treated as six species based on genetics: <em>T. chloris </em>(polytypic); <em>T. sordidus </em>(polytypic); <em>T. colonus </em>(monotypic); <em>T. sacer </em>(polytypic); <em>T. albicilla </em>(polytypic); and <em>T. tristrami </em>(polytypic). Both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015a, 2018; O’Connell et al. 2019) failed to recover <em>T. chloris</em> as monophyletic with the broadly sympatric <em>T. sanctus</em>, and other species, embedded within the complex. Although species limits remain poorly resolved, the groupings proposed by Andersen et al. (2015a, 2018) are mostly congruent with recognized biogeographical areas of endemism. Further research is needed to better define species limits in this highly polytypic complex.","coastal southern New Guinea and coastal western, northern, and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"colkin9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colkin9","avibase-B8CCA6C7",null,null,"North coast of Australia = Cape York, by designation of Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 289.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/224/mode/1up","Halcyon sordidus"],["9576","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sordidus sordidus","(Gould, 1842)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.113 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands, and coastal northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to central Queensland coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9625C840",null,null,"North coast of Australia = Cape York, by designation of Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 289.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/224/mode/1up","Halcyon sordidus"],["9577","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sordidus pilbara","(Johnstone, 1983)","Records of the Western Australian Museum 11 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Pilbara region, central Western Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-052DF2F8",null,null,"mouth of Popes Nose Creek 2 km SW of Point Samson, Western Australia, by R.E. Johnstone and L.A. Smith on 6 October 1980","A review of the Mangrove Kingfisher, Halcyon chloris (Boddaert), in Australia, with a description of a new subspecies from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/221631#page/48/mode/1up","Halcyon chloris pilbara"],["9578","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus sordidus colcloughi","(Mathews, 1916)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central Queensland coast southward to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-417D73CE",null,null,"Mud Island, near Brisbane, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/267/mode/1up","Sauropatis sordida colcloughi"],["9579","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus enigma","(Hartert, 1904)","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.199","Talaud Kingfisher","Talaud Kingfisher","Talaud Kingfisher",null,null,"Talaud Islands (Karakelong and Salebabu)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683410","talkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/talkin1","avibase-90668FE7",null,null,"Salibabu [or Lirung] Island, Talaut Islands.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/213/mode/1up","Halcyon enigma"],["9580","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49","Collared Kingfisher","Collared Kingfisher",null,"2025-0260","The <em>Todiramphus chloris sensu lato </em>complex is treated as six species based on genetics: <em>T. chloris </em>(polytypic); <em>T. sordidus </em>(polytypic); <em>T. colonus </em>(monotypic); <em>T. sacer </em>(polytypic); <em>T. albicilla </em>(polytypic); and <em>T. tristrami </em>(polytypic). Both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015a, 2018; O’Connell et al. 2019) failed to recover <em>T. chloris</em> as monophyletic with the broadly sympatric <em>T. sanctus</em>, and other species, embedded within the complex. Although species limits remain poorly resolved, the groupings proposed by Andersen et al. (2015a, 2018) are mostly congruent with recognized biogeographical areas of endemism. Further research is needed to better define species limits in this highly polytypic complex.","lowland to foothill open woodland, grassland, coastal shore, and mangroves, from Red Sea (Sudan to Somalia) and southern Arabia eastward through coastal India and Myanmar to southern China, and Taiwan, and southward through Andaman and Nicobar islands, and Philippines, to Indonesia, including west-coastal New Guinea, and Palau",null,null,null,"colkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colkin1","avibase-5DA28D37",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 783, f. 2, error = Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Alcedo Chloris"],["9581","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris abyssinicus","(Pelzeln, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"western coast of Red Sea to head of Gulf of Aden",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23F0841E",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/608/mode/1up","Halcyon (Ceryle) abyssinica"],["9582","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris kalbaensis","(Cowles, 1980)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 100 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"southern coast of Arabian Peninsula to far northwestern Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2746FFC9",null,null,"Khawr Kalba (25 01'N 56 22'E), Sharjah State, United Arab Emirates, eastern Arabia","HALCYON-CHLORIS-KALBAENSIS NEW-SUBSPECIES FROM AN ISOLATED POPULATION IN EASTERN ARABIA","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126875#page/265/mode/1up","Halcyon chloris kalbaensis"],["9583","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris vidali","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India (Ratnagiri District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F50664E3",null,null,"Ratnagiri and Kelsi Creek, South Konkan, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/292/mode/1up","Halcyon vidali"],["9584","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris davisoni","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Coco islands (off western Myanmar, Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3212C477",null,null,"Aberdeen, South Andaman.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/296/mode/1up","Halcyon davisoni"],["9585","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris occipitalis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.23,51",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACFDEF35",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/145/mode/1up","Todiramphus occipitalis"],["9586","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris humii","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.281 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"coasts from northeastern India (West Bengal) and Bangladesh eastward to Myanmar, the Malayan Peninsula (including Tioman Island and the Mergui Archipelago), and northeastern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F93E228F",null,null,"Siam to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra; type from Jaram, Selangor, Malay Peninsula, fide Oberholser antea, p. 373.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/295/mode/1up","Halcyon humii"],["9587","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris armstrongi","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.277 pl.7 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of Myanmar and Thailand to Cambodia, southern Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-154774FE",null,null,"in key",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/291/mode/1up","Halcyon armstrongi"],["9588","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris laubmannianus","(Grote, 1933)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band2 no.6 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB277F79",null,null,"Pulo Taya, off the southeastern coast of Sumatra","Halcyon chloris laubmanniana nom. nov.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Anzeiger-Ornith-Ges-Bayerns_2_6_0266.pdf","Halcyon chloris laubmanniana"],["9589","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris chloropterus","(Oberholser, 1919)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 55, no.2276 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off western Sumatra (except Enggano)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0497469",null,null,"Sibabo Bay, Simalur Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32554#page/451/mode/1up","Sauropatis chloris chloroptera"],["9590","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris azelus","(Oberholser, 1919)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 55, no.2276 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1C64C18",null,null,"Enggano Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32554#page/449/mode/1up","Sauropatis chloris azela"],["9591","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris palmeri","(Oberholser, 1919)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 55, no.2276 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, and adjacent islands in Java Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-935909A5",null,null,"Goenoeng Boender, 2400 feet, Mount Salak, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32554#page/441/mode/1up","Sauropatis chloris palmeri"],["9592","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris collaris","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines, Sulu Archipelago, and Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA1A897B",null,null,"No locality = Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat, Voy Nouv. Guinée, p. 67, pl. 33; restricted to Manila, Island of Luzon, by Oberholser, antea, p. 361.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Alcedo collaris"],["9593","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris chloris","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi to northwestern New Guinea and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36DA8E1C",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 783, f. 2, error = Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Alcedo Chloris"],["9594","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus chloris teraokai","(Kuroda, 1915)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 1, no.2 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DE20EE8",null,null,"Pelew Islands [Palau Islands].","Shin seureiji nanyo soto saishu chorui chosai hoko [Report on the examination of a collection of birds made in the newly acquired territory of the Southern Archipelago].","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.1.56","Halcyon chloris teraokai"],["9595","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus colonus","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.3 p.244","Islet Kingfisher","Colonist Kingfisher",null,"2025-0260","The <em>Todiramphus chloris sensu lato </em>complex is treated as six species based on genetics: <em>T. chloris </em>(polytypic); <em>T. sordidus </em>(polytypic); <em>T. colonus </em>(monotypic); <em>T. sacer </em>(polytypic); <em>T. albicilla </em>(polytypic); and <em>T. tristrami </em>(polytypic). Both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015a, 2018; O’Connell et al. 2019) failed to recover <em>T. chloris</em> as monophyletic with the broadly sympatric <em>T. sanctus</em>, and other species, embedded within the complex. Although species limits remain poorly resolved, the groupings proposed by Andersen et al. (2015a, 2018) are mostly congruent with recognized biogeographical areas of endemism. Further research is needed to better define species limits in this highly polytypic complex.","islands off southeastern Papua New Guinea, including Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"colkin17","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colkin17","avibase-209FFC49",null,null,"Egum Group, Louisiade Archipelago.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. IV. List of a collection made by Albert S. Meek on Fergusson, Trobriand, Egum, and Woodlark Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/280/mode/1up","Halcyon sordidus colonus"],["9596","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami","(Layard, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.16 p.460 pl.15","Melanesian Kingfisher","Melanesian Kingfisher",null,"2025-0260","The <em>Todiramphus chloris sensu lato </em>complex is treated as six species based on genetics: <em>T. chloris </em>(polytypic); <em>T. sordidus </em>(polytypic); <em>T. colonus </em>(monotypic); <em>T. sacer </em>(polytypic); <em>T. albicilla </em>(polytypic); and <em>T. tristrami </em>(polytypic). Both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015a, 2018; O’Connell et al. 2019) failed to recover <em>T. chloris</em> as monophyletic with the broadly sympatric <em>T. sanctus</em>, and other species, embedded within the complex. Although species limits remain poorly resolved, the groupings proposed by Andersen et al. (2015a, 2018) are mostly congruent with recognized biogeographical areas of endemism. Further research is needed to better define species limits in this highly polytypic complex.","Bismarck Archipelago and northwestern and central Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,"melkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melkin1","avibase-6A71A113",null,null,"Makira Harbor, Solomon Islands, error = Blanche Bay, New Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/484/mode/1up","Halcyon tristrami"],["9597","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami nusae","(Heinroth, 1902)","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.4 p.437 pl.8 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (except southwestern), New Hanover, and Feni Islands (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F05A258",null,null,"Nusa Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der „I. Deutschen Südsee Expedition von Br. Mencke“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/447/mode/1up","Halcyon nusae"],["9598","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami matthiae","(Heinroth, 1902)","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.4 p.438 pl.8 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau and Emirau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F5A2E3E",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der „I. Deutschen Südsee Expedition von Br. Mencke“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/448/mode/1up","Halcyon matthiae"],["9599","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami stresemanni","(Laubmann, 1923)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 15 Heft? p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"Witu, Umboi and adjacent islands in Dampier Straits",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A53BBE13",null,null,"French Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101651#page/417/mode/1up","Sauropatis (Sauropatis) chloris stresemanni"],["9600","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami novaehiberniae","(Hartert, 1925)","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.2 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B693567",null,null,"Southwestern New Ireland.","A collection of Birds from New Ireland (Neu Mecklenburg).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/151/mode/1up","Halcyon tristrami novaehiberniae"],["9601","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami bennetti","(Ripley, 1947)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37, no.3 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Nissan Island (eastern Papua New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E58A44B9",null,null,"Nissan Island [Bougainville, Papua New Guinea]","A report on the birds collected by Logan J. Bennett on Nissan Island and the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/611/mode/1up","Halcyon chloris bennetti"],["9602","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami tristrami","(Layard, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.16 p.460 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B068CEF",null,null,"Makira Harbor, Solomon Islands, error = Blanche Bay, New Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/484/mode/1up","Halcyon tristrami"],["9603","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus tristrami alberti","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka to Guadalcanal (Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8411EF0B",null,null,"Kulambangra, Solomon Islands.","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/270/mode/1up","Halcyon tristrami alberti"],["9604","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus saurophagus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.103","Beach Kingfisher","Beach Kingfisher","Beach Kingfisher",null,null,"Moluccas to Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22683422","beakin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beakin2","avibase-4B4D37C8",null,null,"New Guinea, type from the northern coast, between Island of Jobi and Cape d Urville.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/471/mode/1up","Halcyon saurophaga"],["9605","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus saurophagus saurophagus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas to Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C96AF17D",null,null,"New Guinea, type from the northern coast, between Island of Jobi and Cape d Urville.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/471/mode/1up","Halcyon saurophaga"],["9606","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus saurophagus anachoreta","(Reichenow, 1898)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Wuvulu, Ninigo, Anchorite and Hermit Islands (western Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9F3B81D",null,null,"Hermit Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/61/mode/1up","Halcyon anachoreta"],["9607","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus saurophagus admiralitatis","(Sharpe, 1892)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 17 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (northwestern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7615CC61",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34362#page/265/mode/1up","Halcyon admiralitatis"],["9608","species","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus albicilla","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.273","Mariana Kingfisher","Mariana Kingfisher",null,"2025-0260","The <em>Todiramphus chloris sensu lato </em>complex is treated as six species based on genetics: <em>T. chloris </em>(polytypic); <em>T. sordidus </em>(polytypic); <em>T. colonus </em>(monotypic); <em>T. sacer </em>(polytypic); <em>T. albicilla </em>(polytypic); and <em>T. tristrami </em>(polytypic). Both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015a, 2018; O’Connell et al. 2019) failed to recover <em>T. chloris</em> as monophyletic with the broadly sympatric <em>T. sanctus</em>, and other species, embedded within the complex. Although species limits remain poorly resolved, the groupings proposed by Andersen et al. (2015a, 2018) are mostly congruent with recognized biogeographical areas of endemism. Further research is needed to better define species limits in this highly polytypic complex.","Northern Mariana Islands (western Micronesia)",null,null,null,"colkin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colkin2","avibase-1776C220",null,null,"Marianas Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/279/mode/1up","Alcedo albicilla"],["9609","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus albicilla owstoni","(Rothschild, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northernmost Northern Mariana Islands (Asuncion, Agrihan, Pagan, and Alamagan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A599E872",null,null,"Ascuncion Island, Marianas Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/616/mode/1up","Halcyon owstoni"],["9610","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus albicilla albicilla","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"main Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-757A0E51",null,null,"Marianas Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/279/mode/1up","Alcedo albicilla"],["9611","subspecies","Coraciiformes","Alcedinidae","Kingfishers","Todiramphus albicilla orii","(Taka-Tsukasa & Momiyama, 1931)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 43 p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"southernmost Northern Mariana Islands (Rota)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E78F83C",null,null,"Rota Island, Marianas Islands.",null,null,"Halcyon chloris orii"],["9612","order","Piciformes",null,null,"Piciformes",null,null,"Woodpeckers, Barbets, Toucans, Jacamars, Puffbirds, and allies",null,null,"2026-026","The order Galbuliformes is merged into Piciformes based on genomic DNA evidence (Stiller et al. 2024; Wu et al. 2024). The split of Galbuliformes, although deep, is similar to intra-ordinal divisions in closely related groups.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9613","family","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbulidae",null,null,"Jacamars","Jacamars","Jacamars","2026-026","The order Galbuliformes is merged into Piciformes based on genomic DNA evidence (Stiller et al. 2024; Wu et al. 2024). The split of Galbuliformes, although deep, is similar to intra-ordinal divisions in closely related groups.",null,null,null,null,"galbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galbul2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9614","genus","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamaralcyon","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Jacamaralcyon brasiliensis [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy = Galbula tridactyla Vieillot, 1817",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/273/mode/1up","Jacamaralcyon"],["9615","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamaralcyon tridactyla","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 16 p.445","Three-toed Jacamar","Three-toed Jacamar","Three-toed Jacamar",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Paraná)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682186","thtjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thtjac1","avibase-4051B630",null,null,"Brazil; Pinto, op. cit., suggests São Paulo as restricted type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60152#page/465/mode/1up","Galbula tridactyla"],["9616","genus","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Galbula albigularis [von Spix, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 137).",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false","Brachygalba"],["9617","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba goeringi","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.253 pl.18","Pale-headed Jacamar","Pale-headed Jacamar","Pale-headed Jacamar",null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682177","pahjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pahjac1","avibase-F3E3C721",null,null,"Near Maruria, north of Lake of Valencia, at foot of mtn. of Guiguc, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/313/mode/1up","Brachygalba goeringi"],["9618","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba salmoni","Sclater & Salvin, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.535","Dusky-backed Jacamar","Dusky-backed Jacamar","Dusky-backed Jacamar",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682174","dubjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dubjac1","avibase-26E37EC3",null,null,"Río Neche [i.e. Nechi], Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/297/mode/1up","Brachygalba salmoni"],["9619","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba albogularis","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.54, pl.57, f.1","White-throated Jacamar","White-throated Jacamar","White-throated Jacamar",null,null,"patchily distributed southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682183","whtjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtjac1","avibase-D4AF382C",null,null,"Pará = Rio Javary.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/74/mode/1up","Galbula albogularis"],["9620","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.329","Brown Jacamar","Brown Jacamar","Brown Jacamar",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to northeastern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and eastward across southern and central Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil; in the eastern Amazon of Brazil extends southward to interior Brazil (western São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, and wesfward to Rondônia), and northeasternmost Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682180","brojac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brojac2","avibase-8B22F11F",null,null,"Conucou [i.e. Kanuku] Mts., British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/341/mode/1up","Galbula lugubris"],["9621","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris fulviventris","Sclater, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 19 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"east of Andes in central Colombia (Buenavista and Villavicencio)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A167238",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34478#page/188/mode/1up","Brachygalba fulviventris"],["9622","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris caquetae","Chapman, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia east of Andes (south from Caquetá) southward to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D2F90AB",null,null,"La Morelia, 600 feet, Río Bodoquera, Caquetá, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Brachygalba fulviventris caquetae"],["9623","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris lugubris","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (eastern Roraima and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53CECC39",null,null,"Conucou [i.e. Kanuku] Mts., British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/341/mode/1up","Galbula lugubris"],["9624","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris obscuriceps","Zimmer & Phelps, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1338 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (upper Orinoco region, Río Ocamo) and northwestern Brazil (upper Rio Padauiri, Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8665D044",null,null,"Rio Castanho, Base Canoas, Rio Padaniri, 160 meters, Brazil.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5153/","Brachygalba lugubris obscuriceps"],["9625","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris naumburgae","Chapman, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.450 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADFB19C7",null,null,"Therezina, Piauí, Brazil.","A new race of Brachygalba lugubris from northeastern Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3836/","Brachygalba lugubris naumburgi"],["9626","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris phaeonota","Todd, 1943","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil at Tonantins (on Rio Amazon in western Amazonas)","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-B86C55F6",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Studies in the Jacamars and Puff-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/22/mode/1up","Brachygalba phaeonota"],["9627","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Brachygalba lugubris melanosterna","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.284 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and central and southern Brazil (Pará southward to Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, western Minas Gerais, and western São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C4D3970",null,null,"Goiás, Brazil, and Guayaros in Bolivia.","Remarks on the Arrangement of the Jacamars (Galbulidae), with Descriptions of some New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/753/mode/1up","Brachygalba melanosterna"],["9628","genus","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamerops","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alcedo grandis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Alcedo aurea Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/272/mode/1up","Jacamerops"],["9629","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamerops aureus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.94","Great Jacamar","Great Jacamar","Great Jacamar",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands and hills of Caribbean slope of Central America from southeastern Honduras southward through Chocó region of western Colombia and western Ecuador, in Amazonia and the Guianas southward through northern Bolivia and east through northern Mato Grosso and northern Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682224","grejac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grejac2","avibase-268D9909",null,null,"Berbice, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/114/mode/1up","Alcedo aurea"],["9630","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamerops aureus penardi","Bangs & Barbour, 1922","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.6 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope from southeastern Honduras to western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B371A47",null,null,"Carillo, Costa Rica.","Birds from Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/218/mode/1up","Jacamerops aurea penardi"],["9631","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamerops aureus aureus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A05F9E1",null,null,"Berbice, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/114/mode/1up","Alcedo aurea"],["9632","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamerops aureus ridgwayi","Todd, 1943","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (east of Rio Negro on north bank, and east of Rio Tapajós on south bank eastward)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EB0DA36",null,null,"Miritituba, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Studies in the Jacamars and Puff-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/14/mode/1up","Jacamerops aurea ridgwayi"],["9633","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Jacamerops aureus isidori","Deville, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, western Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F032508",null,null,"Mission de Sarayacu, rivière Ucayali and Pampa del Sacramento, Peru.","Description de quelques Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/67/mode/1up","Jacamerops Isidori"],["9634","genus","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbalcyrhynchus","des Murs, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis [Des Murs, 1845]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/217/mode/1up","Galbalcyrhynchus"],["9635","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis","des Murs, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.207","White-eared Jacamar","White-eared Jacamar","White-eared Jacamar",null,null,"Colombia east of the Andes to northeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682167","whejac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whejac1","avibase-E3EC251C",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/217/mode/1up","Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis"],["9636","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus","Goeldi, 1904","Verzeichnis der bisher wissenschaftlich beschriebenen neuen Tier- und Pflanzenformen, welche während der Jahre 1884-1899 in Brasilien (Staaten Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geræs, Sao Paulo, Espirito Santo, Bahia und Pará) gesammelt und entdeckt worden sind Suppl.7 p.3","Purus Jacamar","Purus Jacamar","Purus Jacamar",null,null,"tropical eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682170","purjac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purjac2","avibase-46E97893",null,null,"Upper Rio Purus and Acre.",null,null,"Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus"],["9637","genus","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.42;4, p.86",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcedo galbula [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Alcedo galbula Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/84/mode/1up","Galbula"],["9638","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula dea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.116","Paradise Jacamar","Paradise Jacamar","Paradise Jacamar",null,null,"humid to dry and gallery forest of lowlands and hills of Amazonia and the Guianas from eastern Ecuador and eastern Colombia east through western Maranhão and Mato Grosso, and southward to northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682221","parjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parjac1","avibase-FBD3D390",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/134/mode/1up","Alcedo Dea"],["9639","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula dea dea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (east of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73FFC4E7",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/134/mode/1up","Alcedo Dea"],["9640","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula dea amazonum","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.284 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (Río Beni) and Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastward to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A49E3C",null,null,"Pará, Amazon River.","Remarks on the Arrangement of the Jacamars (Galbulidae), with Descriptions of some New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/752/mode/1up","Urogalba amazonum"],["9641","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula dea brunneiceps","(Todd, 1943)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia, eastern Peru, and western Brazil (west of Rio Negro and, south of the Amazon River, between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD8FE0C2",null,null,"Manacapuru, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Studies in the Jacamars and Puff-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/18/mode/1up","Urogalba dea brunneiceps"],["9642","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula dea phainopepla","(Todd, 1943)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil south of the Amazon River and west of Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18CAC6A3",null,null,"Arima, Rio Funis, Brazil.","Studies in the Jacamars and Puff-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/18/mode/1up","Urogalba dea phainopepla"],["9643","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula leucogastra","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 16 p.444","Bronzy Jacamar","Bronzy Jacamar","Bronzy Jacamar",null,null,"central Amazonia, from eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela eastward to the Guianas, southward to southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios), northern Bolivia, and south-central Amazonian Brazil (south to Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682218","brojac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brojac1","avibase-EB348872",null,null,"South America, restricted to Cayenne by Hellmayr, antea, p. 390.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60152#page/464/mode/1up","Galbula leucogastra"],["9644","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula chalcothorax","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.110","Purplish Jacamar","Purplish Jacamar","Purplish Jacamar",null,null,"western Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru (south to Ucayali) and eastward to western Brazil (east at least to the Juruá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682215","purjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purjac1","avibase-169A7FC9",null,null,"Quijos, Ecuador.","List of a Collection of Birds received by Mr. Gould, from the province of Quijos in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/410/mode/1up","Galbula chalcothorax"],["9645","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula pastazae","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.107","Coppery-chested Jacamar","Coppery-chested Jacamar","Coppery-chested Jacamar",null,null,"east slope of the Andes of southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682206","cocjac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocjac2","avibase-988D86DA",null,null,"Mapoto and Machay, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/151/mode/1up","Galbula pastazae"],["9646","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula ruficauda","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.420","Rufous-tailed Jacamar","Rufous-tailed Jacamar","Rufous-tailed Jacamar",null,null,"humid to dry forest from eastern Mexico in Oaxaca, including interior Yucatan Peninsula, eastward across Central America to the lowlands of northern South America in Colombia and eastward across western and northern Venezuela to Trinidad and Tobago; in central Colombia extends southward along the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena to Huila, and west of the Andes southward to central-west Ecuador; also in the Guianan shield in Guyana and far northern Roraima, Brazil, and in Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River, from Amazonas eastward to the Atlantic coast, and southward across interior Brazil to Mato Grosso to Sul and westward to northernmost Paraguay and to northern Bolivia; in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil southward to São Paulo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682200","rutjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutjac1","avibase-2EE639E9",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/462/mode/1up","Galbula ruficauda"],["9647","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula ruficauda melanogenia","Sclater, 1852","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.61, pl.90",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-062B3D59",null,null,"Veragua.","Ornithological Observations. VII. On a new species of Galbula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/87/mode/1up","Galbula melanogenia"],["9648","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula ruficauda ruficauda","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia to Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3A2A981",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/462/mode/1up","Galbula ruficauda"],["9649","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula ruficauda pallens","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F67674F5",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/157/mode/1up","Galbula ruficauda pallens"],["9650","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula ruficauda brevirostris","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Lake Maracaibo region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5B8FC88",null,null,"Encontrados, southwest of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/13/mode/1up","Galbula ruficauda brevirostris"],["9651","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula ruficauda rufoviridis","Cabanis, 1851","Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgeben von J.S. Ersch und J.G. Gruber sect.1, no.52 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River to northern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22F551EF",null,null,"Brazil.","Galbula","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN355106426?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B314%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22toc%22%7D","Galbula rufoviridis"],["9652","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula ruficauda heterogyna","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia east of the Andes and southwestern Brazil (western Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BE58938",null,null,"Palmarito, Río San Julian, Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Seven apparently new South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/239/mode/1up","Galbula rufoviridis heterogyna"],["9653","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula cyanicollis","Cassin, 1851","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.7 p.154 pl.7","Blue-necked Jacamar","Blue-cheeked Jacamar","Blue-necked Jacamar",null,null,"humid lowlands of northeastern Peru and Brazil south of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682196","bucjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucjac1","avibase-36F7703C",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/178/mode/1up","Galbula cyanicollis"],["9654","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula albirostris","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.245","Yellow-billed Jacamar","Yellow-billed Jacamar",null,"2025-0267","Taxon <em>chalcocephala </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Galbula albirostris </em>based on available evidence. Apart from crown and outer rectrix color, differences in plumage are minor (Haffer 1974), and there has been no formal analysis of vocalizations. Mitochondrial DNA data do not recover <em>G. albirostris </em>as monophyletic (Ferriera 2018), and relatively deep divergences occur amongst some clades (Naka et al. 2012; Ferriera et al. 2018). Limited genomic data also suggest that <em>G. albirostris </em>is paraphyletic, with <em>G. cyanicollis </em>embedded within it; further research needed.","tropical rainforest north of the Amazon River from eastern Colombia eastward to northeastern Brazil in Amapá, including the Guiana Shield; in the western Amazon southward across Ecuador to central Peru, along the Río Ucayali to Pasco",null,null,null,"yebjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebjac1","avibase-3F3135FF",null,null,"South America; Cayenne substituted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 104.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/267/mode/1up","Galbula albirostris"],["9655","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula albirostris chalcocephala","Deville, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Ecuador and northeastern Peru; western Brazil (upper Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5C2F0CF",null,null,"Mission de Sarayacu, Río Ucayali.","Description de quelques Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/67/mode/1up","Galbula chalcocephala"],["9656","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula albirostris albirostris","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF872D1D",null,null,"South America; Cayenne substituted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 104.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/267/mode/1up","Galbula albirostris"],["9657","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula galbula","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.182","Green-tailed Jacamar","Green-tailed Jacamar","Green-tailed Jacamar",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682203","grtjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtjac1","avibase-CC59842F",null,null,"Cayenne and Brazil, i.e. Cayenne.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/186/mode/1up","Alcedo Galbula"],["9658","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula tombacea","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.55, pl.58","White-chinned Jacamar","White-chinned Jacamar","White-chinned Jacamar",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to northeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru, and eastward along the Amazon River to the western side of the Rio Negro, in Amazonas, in Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682209","whcjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcjac1","avibase-7E2D591F",null,null,"'In sylvis fl. Amazonum, = São Paulo de Olivenqa, Brazil, by designation of Todd, antea, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/75/mode/1up","Galbula tombacea"],["9659","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula tombacea tombacea","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.55, pl.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CBFB164",null,null,"'In sylvis fl. Amazonum, = São Paulo de Olivenqa, Brazil, by designation of Todd, antea, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/75/mode/1up","Galbula tombacea"],["9660","subspecies","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula tombacea mentalis","Todd, 1943","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8495AFF3",null,null,"Caviana, opposite Manacapuru, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Studies in the Jacamars and Puff-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/21/mode/1up","Galbula tombacea mentalis"],["9661","species","Piciformes","Galbulidae","Jacamars","Galbula cyanescens","Deville, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.56","Bluish-fronted Jacamar","Bluish-fronted Jacamar","Bluish-fronted Jacamar",null,null,"riverine forest of eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682212","blfjac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfjac1","avibase-F5823411",null,null,"Banks of the Amazon; types from Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.","Description de quelques Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/68/mode/1up","Galbula cyanescens"],["9662","family","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucconidae",null,null,"Puffbirds","Puffbirds","Puffbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"buccon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buccon2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9663","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.42;4, p.91,92",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bucco capensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Bucco capensis Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/84/mode/1up","Bucco"],["9664","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco capensis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.168","Collared Puffbird","Collared Puffbird","Collared Puffbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682258","colpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colpuf1","avibase-6D419BE7",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, error = Guiana ex Brissonian reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/172/mode/1up","Bucco capensis"],["9665","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco macrodactylus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.51, pl.39, f.2","Chestnut-capped Puffbird","Chestnut-capped Puffbird","Chestnut-capped Puffbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682249","chcpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcpuf1","avibase-C22326DF",null,null,"'In sylvis flumen Amazonum' ; restricted to Fonte Boa, Brazil, by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 102.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/71/mode/1up","Cyphos macrodactylus"],["9666","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco noanamae","Hellmayr, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.21","Sooty-capped Puffbird","Sooty-capped Puffbird","Sooty-capped Puffbird",null,null,"coastal western Colombia (Gulf of Urabá to Rio San Juan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682255","socpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socpuf1","avibase-C10F8D95",null,null,"Noanama, 100 feet, Río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia.","Description of a new species of Puff-bird from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/289/mode/1up","Bucco noanamae"],["9667","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco tamatia","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.405","Spotted Puffbird","Spotted Puffbird","Spotted Puffbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield of eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil, and the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Piauí and Tocantins, and southward to Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682252","spopuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spopuf1","avibase-EE7CBD36",null,null,"Cayenne and Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/417/mode/1up","Bucco Tamatia"],["9668","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco tamatia pulmentum","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.296 p.194 pl.106",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, western Brazil, and northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2975E500",null,null,"Eastern Peru and region of the upper Amazon: Pebas, Chamicurros.","Characters of some apparently New Species of Bucconidae, accompanied by a geographical table of the family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/998/mode/1up","Bucco pulmentum"],["9669","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco tamatia tamatia","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40898A8F",null,null,"Cayenne and Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/417/mode/1up","Bucco Tamatia"],["9670","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Bucco tamatia hypnaleus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.145,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil east of Rio Tapajós and delta islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F9713D5",null,null,"Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/151/mode/1up","Chaunornis hypnelea"],["9671","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alcedo maculata [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1882, Monograph Jacamars and Puff-birds, pt. 4, p. xxxv).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/145/mode/1up","Nystalus"],["9672","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus maculatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.451","Spot-backed Puffbird","Spot-backed Puffbird","Spot-backed Puffbird","2025-0270","Taxon <em>striatipectus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Nystalus maculatus </em>based on available evidence. Plumage differences (da Silva 1991) appear minor and inconsistent, a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking, and divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Duarte 2015) and genomic data (Ferreira 2018) seems modest; further research needed.","deciduous woodland and savannas from northeastern Brazil (Pará and Maranhão southward across interior Brazil to Mato Grosso do Sul and western São Paulo), the Chaco of central and western Paraguay and eastern Bolivia, southward to northern Argentina (San Luis and northeastern Mendoza), and along the Atlantic Forest southward to Bahia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682270","spbpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbpuf1","avibase-B591C29D",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/463/mode/1up","Alcedo maculata"],["9673","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus maculatus maculatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and central Brazil (to southwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50BEDEC7",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/463/mode/1up","Alcedo maculata"],["9674","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus maculatus striatipectus","(Sclater, 1854)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.77 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia and south-central Brazil to Paraguay and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42C2CD32",null,null,"Bolivia.","Descriptions of New Species of Bucconidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/406/mode/1up","Bucco striatipectus"],["9675","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus chacuru","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.239","White-eared Puffbird","White-eared Puffbird","White-eared Puffbird",null,null,"deciduous and gallery forest from northeastern Brazil (Maranhão), southward across interior Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná), and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (Bahia southward to Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (Misiones and northern Corrientes), and westward to eastern and northern Bolivia; also locally in dry valleys and savannas of eastern Peru (San Martin, Cusco, Ayacucho, Huacavelica, Apurimac, and Madre de Dios)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682264","whepuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whepuf1","avibase-10A76478",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/259/mode/1up","Bucco chacuru"],["9676","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus chacuru uncirostris","(Sztolcman, 1926)","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northeastern Bolivia and adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12BDA03F",null,null,"Santa Ana, Peru.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Ecchaunornis chacuru uncirostris"],["9677","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus chacuru chacuru","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.239",null,null,null,null,null,"Campos of southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74AF2CB6",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/259/mode/1up","Bucco chacuru"],["9678","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus radiatus","(Sclater, 1854)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.255 p.122 pl.50","Barred Puffbird","Barred Puffbird","Barred Puffbird",null,null,"humid forest of western Panama to western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682261","barpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barpuf1","avibase-4B154EA6",null,null,"Colombia = Magdalena Valley, fide Chapman, antea.","Descriptions of New Species of Bucconidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/158/mode/1up","Bucco radiatus"],["9679","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus obamai","Whitney, Piacentini, Schunck et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.240-244","Western Striolated Puffbird","Western Striolated-Puffbird",null,"2025-0269","Taxon <em>obamai </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Nystalus striolatus</em> (polytypic, including <em>torridus</em>) following Whitney et al. (2013). While the vocalizations of <em>obamai </em>are distinctive, diagnostic plumage and morphological characters are mostly lacking, and genetic data have produced conflicting results. Contra the preliminary mitochondrial DNA data of Whitney et al. (2013), broader geographic sampling (Duarte 2015) did not recover <em>obamai </em>or <em>striolatus </em>as monophyletic clades, and genomic data (Ferreira 2018) are limited. Furthermore, issues of data quality, small sample sizes, and mislabeling (e.g., Annex 1, Duarte 2015), indicate the need for a thorough genetic review of this complex.","western Amazonia: Ecuador southward to Bolivia and east, south of the Amazon River, to Brazil west of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,"wespuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wespuf1","avibase-012084A9",null,null,"left bank of the Rio Madeira in the municipality of Porto Velho in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, \"Caiçara\" study plot, transect 3 (9°26'54\"S, 64°50'00\"W), collected by Fabio Schunck","A name for Striolated Puffbird west of the Rio Madeira with revision of the Nystalus striolatus (Aves: Bucconidae) complex","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/240-244_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Nystalus obamai"],["9680","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus striolatus","(Pelzeln, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.500","Eastern Striolated Puffbird","Eastern Striolated-Puffbird",null,"2025-0269","Taxon <em>obamai </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Nystalus striolatus</em> (polytypic, including <em>torridus</em>) following Whitney et al. (2013). While the vocalizations of <em>obamai </em>are distinctive, diagnostic plumage and morphological characters are mostly lacking, and genetic data have produced conflicting results. Contra the preliminary mitochondrial DNA data of Whitney et al. (2013), broader geographic sampling (Duarte 2015) did not recover <em>obamai </em>or <em>striolatus </em>as monophyletic clades, and genomic data (Ferreira 2018) are limited. Furthermore, issues of data quality, small sample sizes, and mislabeling (e.g., Annex 1, Duarte 2015), indicate the need for a thorough genetic review of this complex.","humid forest in Amazonia south of the Amazon River from eastern Brazil in Maranhão southwestward to Mato Grosso and Rondônia, and to northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,"strpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strpuf1","avibase-427AF246",null,null,"Engenho do Gama and No Dourado, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/608/mode/1up","Bucco striolatus"],["9681","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus striolatus striolatus","(Pelzeln, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonia, in Brazil between the Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós, and in northeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-876E3625",null,null,"Engenho do Gama and No Dourado, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/608/mode/1up","Bucco striolatus"],["9682","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nystalus striolatus torridus","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Notulae Naturae no.50 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33346786",null,null,"Rio Guamá, Belém, Pará.","Description of a new Puffbird from the Lower Amazon.",null,"Nystalus striolatus torridus"],["9683","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Chelidoptera","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lypornix tenebrosa [Wagler, 1827]; type by monotypy = Cuculus tenebrosus Pallas, 1782",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/95/mode/1up","Chelidoptera"],["9684","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Chelidoptera tenebrosa","(Pallas, 1782)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 3 p.2 pl.1 fig.1","Swallow-winged Puffbird","Swallow-winged Puffbird","Swallow-winged Puffbird",null,null,"humid and gallery forest in savannas from the lowlands of northwestern Venezuela, in Zulia, eastward to the Guianas and southward across the entire Amazon basin southward to northern Bolivia and to interio Brazil in Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso do Sul, also in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil from Bahia southward to Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682337","swwpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swwpuf1","avibase-B2B4CA58",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102973#page/11/mode/1up","Cuculus tenebrosus"],["9685","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Chelidoptera tenebrosa pallida","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C005D6F2",null,null,"Empalado Savannas, thirty miles east of Maracaibo, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/14/mode/1up","Chelidoptera tenebrosa pallida"],["9686","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Chelidoptera tenebrosa tenebrosa","(Pallas, 1782)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 3 p.2 pl.1 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Brazil (except southeastern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B26D4D48",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102973#page/11/mode/1up","Cuculus tenebrosus"],["9687","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Chelidoptera tenebrosa brasiliensis","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DED7DE35",null,null,"Southeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/575/mode/1up","Chelidoptera brasiliensis"],["9688","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus ater [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Cuculus ater Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f33.item","Monasa"],["9689","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa flavirostris","Strickland, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.47-5, pl.48","Yellow-billed Nunbird","Yellow-billed Nunbird","Yellow-billed Nunbird",null,null,"Amazon basin (southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682334","yebnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebnun1","avibase-0C64158A",null,null,"Peru.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/70/mode/1up","Monasa flavirostris"],["9690","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus","(Hahn & Küster, 1823)","Voegel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika, und Neuholland (etc.) Lief.14 pl.2,text","White-fronted Nunbird","White-fronted Nunbird","White-fronted Nunbird",null,null,"humid forest from eastern Honduras southeastward across the Caribbean slope of Nicaragua and Costa Rica to the lowlands of northern Colombia, west of the Andes southward to west-central Colombia in Valle del Cauca and in central Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Tolima); east of the Andes in the Amazon basin from southernmost Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia and eastward across Amazonia, west of the Rio Negro in northwestern Brazil and south of the Amazon River from eastern Amazonas to northeastern Pará and Maranhão; also in the Atlantic Forest of central-east Brazil (Bahia and Espírito Santo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682331","whfnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfnun1","avibase-567942CC",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185536#page/285/mode/1up","Bucco Morphoeus"],["9691","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus grandior","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Honduras and Nicaragua to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A10C34C",null,null,"Angostura, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of New or little-known American Birds of the Families Fringillidae, Oxyrhamphidae, Bucconidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/409/mode/1up","Monasa grandior"],["9692","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus fidelis","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.37 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia (east to southern Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AED6CF28",null,null,"Cerro Azul, 800 feet, Panama.","Descriptions of two new species of Nun Birds from Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/669/mode/1up","Monasa fidelis"],["9693","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus pallescens","Cassin, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Panama to western Colombia (south to upper Río San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC2B71A0",null,null,"Río Truando, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17942#page/140/mode/1up","Monasa pallescens"],["9694","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus sclateri","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Colombia (Magdalena Valley southward to northern Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC42F29D",null,null,"Central Colombia; type a Bogotá trade skin.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/121/mode/1up","Monasa sclateri"],["9695","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus peruana","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.296 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Bolivia, and upper Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B61410CF",null,null,"Upper Amazon in eastern Peru; type from Chamicurros, Ucayali Valley.","Characters of some apparently New Species of Bucconidae, accompanied by a geographical table of the family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/998/mode/1up","Monasa peruana"],["9696","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus rikeri","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil from Rio Tapajós eastward to Piauí",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17537BF4",null,null,"Diamantina, lower Amazon, Brazil.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/120/mode/1up","Monasa rikeri"],["9697","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa morphoeus morphoeus","(Hahn & Küster, 1823)","Voegel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika, und Neuholland (etc.) Lief.14 pl.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia southward to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3B2A0C7",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185536#page/285/mode/1up","Bucco Morphoeus"],["9698","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa atra","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.30","Black Nunbird","Black Nunbird","Black Nunbird",null,null,"far eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682325","blanun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blanun1","avibase-AD7DEF16",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 512.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/52/mode/1up","Cuculus ater"],["9699","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa nigrifrons","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.53, pl.41, f.2","Black-fronted Nunbird","Black-fronted Nunbird","Black-fronted Nunbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia and eastward across most Amazonian lowlands of Brazil to Maranhão and Piauí, and southward to western Minas Gerais and São Paulo, in interior Brazil; also locally in northeastern Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco and Alagoas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682328","blfnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfnun1","avibase-BB158D41",null,null,"Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/73/mode/1up","Bucco nigrifrons"],["9700","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa nigrifrons nigrifrons","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.53, pl.41, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru and much of Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DCA3061",null,null,"Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/73/mode/1up","Bucco nigrifrons"],["9701","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Monasa nigrifrons canescens","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Bolivia east of Andes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-892120FF",null,null,"Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/353/mode/1up","Monasa nigrifrons canescens"],["9702","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula","Sclater, 1854","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.255 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bucco rubecula [von Spix, 1824]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/164/mode/1up","Nonnula"],["9703","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.51, pl.39, f.1","Rusty-breasted Nunlet","Rusty-breasted Nunlet","Rusty-breasted Nunlet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in eastern Colombia southward to northeastern Ecuador and Peru north of the Río Napo and east of the Río Ucayali, and eastward to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil (southward to Mato Grosso and Rondônia); also in interior Brazil and in the Atlantic Forest (from Maranhão and Piauí southward to northernmost Santa Catarina), northeastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682301","rubnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubnun1","avibase-5A555E8C",null,null,"Malhada, Rio São Francisco, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/71/mode/1up","Bucco rubecula"],["9704","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula tapanahoniensis","Mees, 1968","Le Gerfaut 58 p.101-107",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guianas and northern Brazil (north bank of lower Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECBC49D6",null,null,"Paloemeu, Suriname","Enige voor de avifauna van Suriname nieuwe vogelsoorten.",null,"Nonnula rubecula tapanahoniensis"],["9705","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula duidae","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.13 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela in southern Amazonas (north of Río Orinoco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99EF9A84",null,null,"Foot of Mt. Duida, 700 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of a new genus and species of birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/820","Nonnula duidae"],["9706","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula interfluvialis","Parkes, 1970","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 90 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (south of Río Orinoco) southward to Río Negro in northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6829212",null,null,"Mouth of Cano Atamoni, on the Brazo Casiquiare, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela, 6th February, 193 1, by E. G. Holt, E. R. Blake, and C. T. Agostini","The races of the Rusty-breasted Nunlet (Nonnula rubecula).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/417/mode/1up","Nonnula rubecula interfluvialis"],["9707","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula simulatrix","Parkes, 1970","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 90 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and northwestern Brazil (between Rio Negro and Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F2D96B2",null,null,"Tonantins, north bank of the Rio Solimoe, Amazonas, Brazil, 8th August, 1923, by S. M. Klages","The races of the Rusty-breasted Nunlet (Nonnula rubecula).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/417/mode/1up","Nonnula rubecula simulatrix"],["9708","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula cineracea","Sclater, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.3 p.778",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Brazil south of the Amazon River (south to Rondônia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF0E7183",null,null,"Río Javary, Peru.","On the Generic Divisions of the Bucconidae, together with the Description of a new Species of the Genus Nonnula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/940/mode/1up","Nonnula cineracea"],["9709","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula simplex","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil along south bank of lower Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F5CF0B6",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/351/mode/1up","Nonnula rubecula simplex"],["9710","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula rubecula rubecula","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.51, pl.39, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C159956",null,null,"Malhada, Rio São Francisco, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/71/mode/1up","Bucco rubecula"],["9711","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula amaurocephala","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.2 p.2","Chestnut-headed Nunlet","Chestnut-headed Nunlet","Chestnut-headed Nunlet",null,null,"northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon River and west of Rio Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682319","chhnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhnun1","avibase-77C2E107",null,null,"Manacapuru, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4603/","Nonnula amaurocephala"],["9712","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula ruficapilla","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.300","Rufous-capped Nunlet","Rufous-capped Nunlet","Rufous-capped Nunlet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin in eastern Peru, also very locally in eastern Ecuador, southward to northwestern Bolivia, eastward south of the Amazon River to eastern Brazil in Pará, and southward along the eastern Amazon of Brazil to Mato Grosso and far northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682315","rucnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucnun1","avibase-C6EC8B37",null,null,"Peru, = Vitoc Valley.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/308/mode/1up","Lypornix ruficapilla"],["9713","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula ruficapilla rufipectus","Chapman, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.332 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (north of the Amazon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C416B2A",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3734/","Nonnula ruficapilla rufipectus"],["9714","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula ruficapilla ruficapilla","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and western Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF9C70EC",null,null,"Peru, = Vitoc Valley.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/308/mode/1up","Lypornix ruficapilla"],["9715","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula ruficapilla inundata","Novaes, 1991","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 111 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern Pará) on left bank of Rio Tocantins",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38D769D6",null,null,"Pará, rio Tocantins, left bank, 12 km south of Jacunda (town), 0°35'S, 49°34'W","A new subspecies of Grey-cheeked Nunlet Nonnula ruficapilla from Brazilian Amazonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/207/mode/1up","Nonnula ruficapilla inundata"],["9716","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula ruficapilla nattereri","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.5 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazon basin (Mato Grosso, northern Bolivia, and northern Brazil in western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EC84C00",null,null,"Villa Maria [now São Luiz de Caceres], Rio Paraguay, Mato Grosso.","Zwei neue neotropische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/54/mode/1up","Nonnula ruficapilla nattereri"],["9717","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula frontalis","(Sclater, 1854)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.78 p.479","Grey-cheeked Nunlet","Gray-cheeked Nunlet","Grey-cheeked Nunlet",null,null,"humid forest in the Caribbean lowlands from central Panama eastward to northern Colombia (eastward to Cesar and Santander), and southward to the middle Magdalena Valley (Caldas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682310","gycnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycnun1","avibase-DCC2CCEB",null,null,"Colombia.","XLV. A Synopsis of the Fissirostral family Bucconidae [Concluded from p. 365.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/525/mode/1up","Malacoptila frontalis"],["9718","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula frontalis stulta","Wetmore, 1953","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 122, no.8 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama to far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16C80AAD",null,null,"El Uracillo, Province of Cochlé, Panama","Further additions to the birds of Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55181#page/315/mode/1up","Nonnula frontalis stulta"],["9719","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula frontalis pallescens","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0F38620",null,null,"Fundación, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/142/mode/1up","Nonnula frontalis pallescens"],["9720","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula frontalis frontalis","(Sclater, 1854)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.78 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"interior northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8294C23",null,null,"Colombia.","XLV. A Synopsis of the Fissirostral family Bucconidae [Concluded from p. 365.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/525/mode/1up","Malacoptila frontalis"],["9721","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula brunnea","Sclater, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.600","Brown Nunlet","Brown Nunlet","Brown Nunlet",null,null,"humid lowlands of southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682307","bronun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bronun1","avibase-76D78C1C",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","Characters of a new Puff-bird of the Genus Nonnula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/664/mode/1up","Nonnula brunnea"],["9722","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Nonnula sclateri","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.55","Fulvous-chinned Nunlet","Fulvous-chinned Nunlet","Fulvous-chinned Nunlet",null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Brazil south of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682304","fucnun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fucnun1","avibase-5452880D",null,null,"Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Exhibition and description of six new species and subspecies from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/479/mode/1up","Nonnula sclateri"],["9723","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila","Gray, 1841","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bucco fuscus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 15).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/33/mode/1up","Malacoptila"],["9724","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila mystacalis","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.215","Moustached Puffbird","Moustached Puffbird","Moustached Puffbird",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682295","moupuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moupuf1","avibase-C1804C72",null,null,"Colombia; restricted to Valparaiso, Santa Marta, by Chapman, antea, 1917, p. 324.","Description et figure d'une nouvelle espèce de Barbacou.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/223/mode/1up","Monasa mystacalis"],["9725","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila fulvogularis","Sclater, 1854","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.255 p.123","Black-streaked Puffbird","Black-streaked Puffbird","Black-streaked Puffbird",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the upper Magdalena Valley and in the eastern Andes of Colombia southward along the eastern Andes of Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682286","blspuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blspuf1","avibase-0C9C7247",null,null,"Bolivia.","Descriptions of New Species of Bucconidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/163/mode/1up","Malacoptila fulvogularis"],["9726","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila panamensis","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.79","White-whiskered Puffbird","White-whiskered Puffbird","White-whiskered Puffbird",null,null,"humid forest from eastern Mexico (Tabasco and Chiapas), southward along the Caribbean lowlands of Central America to the lowlands of northern Colombia, the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama, in central Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Risaralda and Caldas), and west of the Andes southward across the Pacific lowlands of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682292","whwpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwpuf1","avibase-46451CCE",null,null,"Panama.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/87/mode/1up","Malacoptila panamensis"],["9727","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila panamensis inornata","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6BA3E43",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/753/mode/1up","Monasa inornata"],["9728","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila panamensis panamensis","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95AB7C13",null,null,"Panama.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/87/mode/1up","Malacoptila panamensis"],["9729","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila panamensis magdalenae","Todd, 1943","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Colombia (Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F072DE7",null,null,"El Tambor, Santander, Colombia.","Studies in the Jacamars and Puff-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/27/mode/1up","Malacoptila panamensis magdalenae"],["9730","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila panamensis poliopis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.86 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B712DA87",null,null,"Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","On a New Species of Malacoptila from Western Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/116/mode/1up","Malacoptila poliopis"],["9731","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila striata","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.52, pl.40, f.2","Crescent-chested Puffbird","Crescent-chested Puffbird",null,"2025-0272","Taxon <em>minor </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Malacoptila striata </em>based on available evidence. Although differing in size, plumage characters are variable (Hellmayr 1929), vocal data are limited, and genetic divergences are comparable to other subspecific taxa in this genus (Ferreira et al. 2017; Ferreira 2018). Further research is required.","humid forest in the lowlands of eastern Brazil in Maranhão and Piauí, and in the Atlantic Forest from Bahia southward to Santa Catarina, and westward as far as eastern São Paulo and Paraná",null,null,null,"crcpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcpuf1","avibase-14169477",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/72/mode/1up","Bucco striatus"],["9732","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila striata minor","Sassi, 1911","Journal für Ornithologie 59, no.1 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands of northeastern Brazil (northeastern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1599FFA",null,null,"Miritiba, Maranhão","Malacoptila torquata minor nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43503#page/193/mode/1up","Malacoptila torquata minor"],["9733","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila striata striata","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.52, pl.40, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and eastern Minas Gerais to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-289F54DE",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/72/mode/1up","Bucco striatus"],["9734","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila rufa","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.52, pl.40, f.1","Rufous-necked Puffbird","Rufous-necked Puffbird","Rufous-necked Puffbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from northeastern Peru north of the Río Marañón, eastward along Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River, to Maranhão and eastern Pará, and southward to northernmost Bolivia (Pando and Beni), and northeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682289","runpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runpuf1","avibase-ECC19533",null,null,"Amazon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/72/mode/1up","Bucco rufus"],["9735","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila rufa rufa","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.52, pl.40, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and western Brazil (south of the Amazon River, eastward to the west bank of the Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5610A4F7",null,null,"Amazon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/72/mode/1up","Bucco rufus"],["9736","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila rufa brunnescens","Zimmer, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.500 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River, east of the Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C27CFEA4",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 1, New and other birds from Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4240/","Malacoptila rufa brunnescens"],["9737","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila fusca","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.408","White-chested Puffbird","White-chested Puffbird","White-chested Puffbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, the Guianas, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682277","whcpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpuf1","avibase-6D14FBBA",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/420/mode/1up","Bucco fuscus"],["9738","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Malacoptila semicincta","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.111","Semicollared Puffbird","Semicollared Puffbird","Semicollared Puffbird",null,null,"humid lowlands of southeastern Peru, far western Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682280","sempuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sempuf1","avibase-F767642A",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Four new birds from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/137/mode/1up","Malacoptila semicincta"],["9739","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hapaloptila","Sclater, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.3 p.776,777 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Malacoptila castanea [Verreaux, J, 1866]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/938/mode/1up","Hapaloptila"],["9740","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hapaloptila castanea","(Verreaux, 1866)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.18 p.355, pl.19","White-faced Nunbird","White-faced Nunbird","White-faced Nunbird",null,null,"locally in Andean foothills of western Colombia to northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682322","whfnun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfnun2","avibase-4DA23B0B",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá; region of Frontino, Antioquia, Colombia, substituted by Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Sen, 13, pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 405, note b.","Description de deux oiseaux nouveaux pour les faunes de Madagascar et de la Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20664#page/361/mode/1up","Malacoptila castanea"],["9741","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Micromonacha","Sclater, 1881","A monograph of the jacamars and puff-birds, or families Galbulidæ and Bucconidæ pt5 p.131 pl.44",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bucco lanceolata [Deville, 1849]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Micromonacha"],["9742","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Micromonacha lanceolata","(Deville, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.56","Lanceolated Monklet","Lanceolated Monklet","Lanceolated Monklet",null,null,"eastern Costa Rica to Ecuador, northeastern Peru, far western Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682298","lanmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lanmon1","avibase-BF431930",null,null,"Pampa del Sacramento, upper Amazon (Mission de Sarayacu).","Description de quelques Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/68/mode/1up","Bucco lanceolata"],["9743","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tamatia bicincta [Gould, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1882, Monograph Jacamars and Puff-birds, pt. 4, p. xxxv).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/149/mode/1up","Hypnelus"],["9744","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus bicinctus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.80","Two-banded Puffbird","Two-banded Puffbird","Two-banded Puffbird","2025-0271","Taxon <em>bicinctus </em>(polytypic, including <em>stoicus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Hypnelus ruficollis </em>(polytypic) based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Donegan et al. 2015). While hybridization appears limited, further research is needed to assess clinality and behavioral responses; genetic data are limited (Ferreira 2018).","humid to dry forest in the lowlands of northern Venezuela from Falcón eastward to Delta Amacuro and northern Bolívar, including Isla Margarita, and southwestward in the Orinoco basin to northern Amazonas and to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, southward to Meta",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61999682","rutpuf3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutpuf3","avibase-7E41141D",null,null,"Cayenne? i.e. Venezuela.","Characters of some new species of Birds belonging to the genera Tamatia and Cursorius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/94/mode/1up","Tamatia bicincta"],["9745","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus bicinctus bicinctus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (llanos, east of the Andes) and Venezuela from Falcón (except for the Paraguaná Peninsula) to northwestern Amazonas and northern Bolívar; populations in northern Falcón may merit recognition as a separate subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC7A25F1",null,null,"Cayenne? i.e. Venezuela.","Characters of some new species of Birds belonging to the genera Tamatia and Cursorius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/94/mode/1up","Tamatia bicincta"],["9746","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus bicinctus stoicus","Wetmore, 1939","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 98, no.4 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1C90428",null,null,"Margarita Island.","Five new races of Birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35649#page/147/mode/1up","Hypnelus bicinctus stoicus"],["9747","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus ruficollis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.658","Russet-throated Puffbird","Russet-throated Puffbird","Russet-throated Puffbird","2025-0271","Taxon <em>bicinctus </em>(polytypic, including <em>stoicus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Hypnelus ruficollis </em>(polytypic) based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Donegan et al. 2015). While hybridization appears limited, further research is needed to assess clinality and behavioral responses; genetic data are limited (Ferreira 2018).","dry forest and woodland in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela; in central Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley to Tolima, westward to Chocó and eastern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61999582","rutpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutpuf1","avibase-C98A8A1B",null,null,"Mexico, error =r Cartagena, Colombia.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/337/mode/1up","Capito ruficollis"],["9748","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus ruficollis decolor","Todd & Carriker, 1922","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 14 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"Guajira Peninsula of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA774EE2",null,null,"Río Hacha, Colombia.","The birds of the Santa Marta region of Colombia : A study in altitudinal distribution.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38134#page/246/mode/1up","Hypnelus ruficollis decolor"],["9749","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus ruficollis ruficollis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.658",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (western Lake Maracaibo region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71269A1C",null,null,"Mexico, error =r Cartagena, Colombia.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/337/mode/1up","Capito ruficollis"],["9750","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus ruficollis striaticollis","Phelps & Phelps, 1958","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Falcon, northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DEF3445",null,null,"Dabajuro (at sea level), Estado Falcón, Venezuela","Descriptions of two new Venezuelan birds and distributional notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/377/mode/1up","Hypnelus ruficollis striaticollis"],["9751","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Hypnelus ruficollis coloratus","Ridgway, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.382,key",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (south of Lake Maracaibo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B11A7F72",null,null,"Encontrados, Venezuela.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/410/mode/1up","Hypnelus ruficollis coloratus"],["9752","genus","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 1 p.146,149",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bucco hyperrhynchus [Sclater, PL, 1856]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1882, Monograph Jacamars and Puff-birds, pt. 4, p. xxxv).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196135#page/152/mode/1up","Notharchus"],["9753","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus tectus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43","Pied Puffbird","Pied Puffbird",null,"2025-0268","Taxon <em>subtectus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Notharchus tectus </em>(polytypic) based on available evidence. Differences in plumage appear minor and vocalizations are highly variable and poorly studied (Donegan et al. 2015), whereas mitochondrial DNA and genomic data are inconclusive (Ferreira 2018); further research warranted.","humid forest from southernmost Nicaragua southeastward across the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica to eastern Panama; in South America from the lowlands of northern Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley to Tolima and west of the Andes southward to central-west Ecuador; east of the Andes from eastern Colombia southward across Amazonian Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia, and from eastern and central Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin of Brazil (Tocantins, Piauí, and Maranhão), to northeasternmost Bolivia",null,null,null,"piepuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piepuf1","avibase-70D5AC76",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 688, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Bucco tectus"],["9754","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus tectus subtectus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of Costa Rica to central Colombia and southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28CD5EBC",null,null,"Esmeraldas, western Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Esmeraldas, Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/378/mode/1up","Bucco subtectus"],["9755","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus tectus picatus","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.296 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-099B168C",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Characters of some apparently New Species of Bucconidae, accompanied by a geographical table of the family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/998/mode/1up","Bucco picatus"],["9756","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus tectus tectus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil (east to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBFDB09A",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 688, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Bucco tectus"],["9757","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus ordii","(Cassin, 1851)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.7 p.154 pl.8","Brown-banded Puffbird","Brown-banded Puffbird","Brown-banded Puffbird",null,null,"southern Venezuela to northern Amazonian Brazil, southeastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682243","brbpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbpuf1","avibase-6CA1819D",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/178/mode/1up","Bucco Ordii"],["9758","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus pectoralis","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1, pt.32 p.74, pl.26","Black-breasted Puffbird","Black-breasted Puffbird","Black-breasted Puffbird",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Panama to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682240","blbpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpuf1","avibase-E2F43007",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/204/mode/1up","Bucco pectoralis"],["9759","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus macrorhynchos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.406","Guianan Puffbird","Guianan Puffbird","Guianan Puffbird",null,null,"eastern Venezuela, northeastern Brazil, and the Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733874","guipuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guipuf1","avibase-19CE1F0F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/418/mode/1up","Bucco macrorhynchos"],["9760","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus swainsoni","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.74, pl. XXVI","Buff-bellied Puffbird","Buff-bellied Puffbird","Buff-bellied Puffbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733165","bubpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubpuf1","avibase-5D3D72E1",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/204/mode/1up","Bucco swainsoni"],["9761","species","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus hyperrhynchus","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.296 p.193 pl.105","White-necked Puffbird","White-necked Puffbird","White-necked Puffbird",null,null,"humid to dry forest from the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes of Mexico, in Oaxaca, eastward across Central America to the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela; in central Colombia southward along the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena to Antioquia and Caldas; west of the Andes southward to southern Ecuador, in Guayas; east of the Andes, from the Andean slopes of southwestern Venezuela southward across Colombia and Ecuador to northern Bolivia, and from northern Venezuela southward to most Amazon basin of Brazil, excluding northeastern Amapá",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733880","whnpuf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnpuf2","avibase-6CC108F6",null,null,"Upper Amazon.","Characters of some apparently New Species of Bucconidae, accompanied by a geographical table of the family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/997/mode/1up","Bucco hyperrhynchus"],["9762","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus hyperrhynchus hyperrhynchus","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.296 p.193 pl.105",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca) southward to northern and northeastern Venezuela, and to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northern Bolivia, and central Brazil (south to Mato Grosso); also west of the Andes southward to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A71D2D42",null,null,"Upper Amazon.","Characters of some apparently New Species of Bucconidae, accompanied by a geographical table of the family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/997/mode/1up","Bucco hyperrhynchus"],["9763","subspecies","Piciformes","Bucconidae","Puffbirds","Notharchus hyperrhynchus paraensis","Sassi, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazon east of Rio Tapajós (Pará and Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD6FC77F",null,null,"Pará.","Benennung der Pará-Form aus dem Formenkreis Notharchus macrorhynchus Gm..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0119-0123.pdf#page=3","Notharchus macrorhynchus paraensis"],["9764","family","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Megalaimidae",null,null,"Asian Barbets","Asian Barbets","Asian Barbets",null,null,null,null,null,null,"megala2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/megala2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9765","genus","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Caloramphus","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Caloramphus sanguinolentus [Lesson, 1839]; type by monotypy = Bucco hayii J.E. Gray, 1831  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/146/mode/1up","Caloramphus"],["9766","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Caloramphus hayii","(Gray, 1831)","The zoological miscellany 1 p.33","Malayan Brown Barbet","Malayan Brown Barbet","Malay Brown Barbet",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727057","soobar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soobar2","avibase-0E20A7CF",null,null,"Molucca =  Malacca.","Description of five new species of Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/45/mode/1up","Bucco Hayii"],["9767","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Caloramphus fuliginosus","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.83, vol.3 text to pl.490","Bornean Brown Barbet","Bornean Brown Barbet","Bornean Brown Barbet",null,null,"Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727049","brnbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnbar2","avibase-F1D6E36C",null,null,"West coast of Borneo, i.e. Pontianak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/641/mode/1up","Mycropogon fuliginosus"],["9768","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Caloramphus fuliginosus fuliginosus","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.83, vol.3 text to pl.490",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (except northern part)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D93C24F",null,null,"West coast of Borneo, i.e. Pontianak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/641/mode/1up","Mycropogon fuliginosus"],["9769","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Caloramphus fuliginosus tertius","(Chasen & Kloss, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-015092A6",null,null,"Bettotan, near Sandakan, British North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Calorhamphus fuliginosus tertius"],["9770","genus","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon","Müller, 1836","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psilopogon pyrolophus [Müller, S, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA339#v=onepage&f=false","Psilopogon"],["9771","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.88","Coppersmith Barbet","Coppersmith Barbet","Coppersmith Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest edge, woodland, plantations, and villages, from eastern Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, eastward to southern China, southeastern Asia, and Philippines, and southward to Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681681","copbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copbar1","avibase-2B7AC50E",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/108/mode/1up","Bucco haemacephalus"],["9772","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus indicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan to southern China, southward to Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62C92209",null,null,"Calcutta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/227/mode/1up","Bucco indicus"],["9773","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus delicus","(Parrot, 1907)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Kl2 24 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCB772C6",null,null,"Deli, Sumatra.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Sumatras und der Insel Banka mit besonderer Zugrundelegung der von Dr. Hagen auf Banka gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124657#page/205/mode/1up","Megalaema haemacephala delica"],["9774","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus roseus","(Dumont, 1805)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 4 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1ED45CB",null,null,"No locality = Java, ex Levaillant, Ois. de Paradis, pl. 33.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64178#page/60/mode/1up","Bucco roseus"],["9775","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus haemacephalus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon and Mindoro (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24E2F7A3",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/108/mode/1up","Bucco haemacephalus"],["9776","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus celestinoi","(Gilliard, 1949)","The Auk 66, no.3 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"Samar, Leyte, Biliran, and Catanduanes (east-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF51AE2E",null,null,"Bonga, Samar, Philippine","Five New Birds from the Philippines","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol66/iss3/5/","Megalaema haemacephala celestinoi"],["9777","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus mindanensis","(Rand, 1948)","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38E78FCE",null,null,"Todaya, alt. 2800 ft., Mount Apo, Mindanao Island","Five new birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21567#page/8/mode/1up","Megalaima haemacephala mindanensis"],["9778","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus intermedius","(Shelley, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 19 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Guimaras, Negros, Panay, Calagayan, and Pan de Azucar (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7290F0E2",null,null,"Negros and Cebu, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34478#page/113/mode/1up","Xantholaema intermedia"],["9779","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus cebuensis","(Dziadosz & Parkes, 1984)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 97 p.789",null,null,null,null,null,"Cebu (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AA84CAA",null,null,"Toledo, Cebu Island, Philippines","Two new Philippine subspecies of the Crimson-breasted Barbet (Aves: Capitonidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107740#page/329/mode/1up","Megalaima haemacephala cebuensis"],["9780","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon haemacephalus homochroa","(Dziadosz & Parkes, 1984)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 97 p.789",null,null,null,null,null,"Masbate, Romblon and Tablas (west-central Philippines); possibly Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69C4560F",null,null,"Badajos, Tablas Island, Philippines","Two new Philippine subspecies of the Crimson-breasted Barbet (Aves: Capitonidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107740#page/329/mode/1up","Megalaima haemacephala homochroa"],["9781","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon rubricapillus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.408","Crimson-fronted Barbet","Crimson-fronted Barbet","Sri Lanka Barbet",null,null,"lowlands and foothills of Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726142","crfbar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crfbar3","avibase-476E767B",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/420/mode/1up","Bucco rubricapillus"],["9782","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon malabaricus","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.465","Malabar Barbet","Malabar Barbet","Malabar Barbet",null,null,"southwestern India (Goa southward to Kerala and western Tamil Nadu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726150","crfbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crfbar1","avibase-1E095819",null,null,"Malabar.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/521/mode/1up","Bucco malabaricus"],["9783","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon eximius","(Sharpe, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.324,441 pl.11","Bornean Barbet","Bornean Barbet","Bornean Barbet",null,null,"montane Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681665","borbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borbar1","avibase-8B3434B9",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Borneo.","Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. C. Hose on Mount Dulit in N.W. Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/356/mode/1up","Mesobucco eximius"],["9784","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon eximius cyaneus","(Harrisson & Hartley, 1934)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CD7C922",null,null,"Mt. Kina Balu, Borneo.","Descriptions of new races from mountain areas in Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/191/mode/1up","Mesobucco duvaucelii cyaneus"],["9785","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon eximius eximius","(Sharpe, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.324,441 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern, northwestern, and central Borneo from Trus Madi and Brassey Range southwest to Poi, Penrissen, and Niut, and southward to Barito Ulu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DBC8179",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Borneo.","Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. C. Hose on Mount Dulit in N.W. Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/356/mode/1up","Mesobucco eximius"],["9786","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon australis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.181","Yellow-eared Barbet","Yellow-eared Barbet","Yellow-eared Barbet",null,null,"Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726122","litbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litbar1","avibase-4192820D",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/200/mode/1up","Bucco australis"],["9787","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon duvaucelii","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.165","Black-eared Barbet","Black-eared Barbet","Black-eared Barbet","2025-0703","Taxon <em>cyanotis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Psilopogon duvaucelii</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage although vocalizations are similar, and genetic data are lacking; it is considered to be related to <em>P. eximius </em>(Boyce et al. 2019). A thorough review of this complex would be informative.","tropical rainforest and swamp forest in the southern Malayan Peninsula from far southern Thailand southward through Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra (including Nias and Batu and Banyak islands), Bangka, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726136","buebar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buebar2","avibase-EE82B503",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/203/mode/1up","Bucco Duvaucelii"],["9788","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon duvaucelii duvaucelii","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"southernmost Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka Island, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37A36461",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/203/mode/1up","Bucco Duvaucelii"],["9789","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon duvaucelii gigantorhinus","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C45497D0",null,null,"Lafau, Nias Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/124/mode/1up","Mezobucco duvaucelii gigantorhinus"],["9790","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon duvaucelii tanamassae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1929)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 81 p.521",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F32F72A",null,null,"Pulo Tana Massa, Batu Islands.","A new Barbet from the Batu Islands (W. coast Sumatra).","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064046","Mezobucco duvauceli tanamassae"],["9791","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon cyanotis","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.465","Blue-eared Barbet","Blue-eared Barbet","Blue-eared Barbet","2025-0703","Taxon <em>cyanotis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Psilopogon duvaucelii</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage although vocalizations are similar, and genetic data are lacking; it is considered to be related to <em>P. eximius </em>(Boyce et al. 2019). A thorough review of this complex would be informative.","lowland and foothill forest, woodland, and gardens, from eastern Nepal and eastern India eastward to Laos and Vietnam, and southward to southern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726130","buebar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buebar1","avibase-E3ADA3B1",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/521/mode/1up","Bucco cyanotis"],["9792","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon cyanotis cyanotis","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal eastward to southern China and southward to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-682B571E",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/521/mode/1up","Bucco cyanotis"],["9793","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon cyanotis orientalis","(Robinson, 1915)","Ibis ser.10, vol.3 p.738",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26F518DD",null,null,"Ok Yam, Cambodia-Siam border.","On Birds collected by mr. C. Boden Kloss, F.R.G.S., M.B.O.U., on the Coast and Islands of South-eastern Siam. With Field-Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35484#page/800/mode/1up","Mesobucco duvaugli orientalis"],["9794","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon cyanotis stuarti","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 3 no.2 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D23C310",null,null,"Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon, Siam.","On a collection of birds from the Province of Puket, Peninsular Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45078#page/130/mode/1up","Mesobucco duvauceli stuarti"],["9795","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon pyrolophus","Müller, 1836","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.339 pl.VIII fig.3","Fire-tufted Barbet","Fire-tufted Barbet","Fire-tufted Barbet",null,null,"montane forest of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra; recorded southern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681588","fitbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fitbar1","avibase-9769A702",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA339#v=onepage&f=false","Psilopogon pyrolophus"],["9796","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon lagrandieri","(Verreaux, 1868)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 4, fasc.3 p.87 pl.4","Red-vented Barbet","Red-vented Barbet","Red-vented Barbet",null,null,"lowland and hill forest of eastern Laos, Vietnam, and eastern Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681594","revbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/revbar1","avibase-EB2B281D",null,null,"Baria, Cochinchina.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49420#page/277/mode/1up","Megalaima Lagrandieri"],["9797","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon lagrandieri lagrandieri","(Verreaux, 1868)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 4, fasc.3 p.87 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2CBCEF8",null,null,"Baria, Cochinchina.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49420#page/277/mode/1up","Megalaima Lagrandieri"],["9798","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon lagrandieri rothschildi","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CD00393",null,null,"Backan, Tonkin.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/193/mode/1up","Megalaema lagrandieri rothschildi"],["9799","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon virens","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53","Great Barbet","Great Barbet","Great Barbet",null,null,"Himalayas of northeastern Pakistan eastward to eastern China and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681591","grebar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grebar1","avibase-F5636BF7",null,null,"China, ex Daubenton, pl. 871.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Bucco virens"],["9800","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon virens marshallorum","(Swinhoe, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.6, no.34 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan and northwestern India to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDEB6447",null,null,"Himalayas.","[in Miscellaneous] The large Barbet of the Himalayas in want of a Name !.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93156#page/373/mode/1up","Megalaema Marshallorum"],["9801","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon virens magnificus","(Stuart Baker, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal to northwestern Myanmar and south-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69F9F6CA",null,null,"Machi, Manipur.","Remarks on Oriental birds, with descriptions of five new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/77/mode/1up","Megalaima virens magnifica"],["9802","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon virens clamator","(Mayr, 1941)","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.4 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (northeastern Assam), northern Myanmar, southwestern China (western Yunnan), and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59ADD65F",null,null,"Shweli-Salween divide, 8000 feet.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part V.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00647.x","Megalaima virens clamator"],["9803","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon virens virens","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar eastward to southeastern China and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56DAF3E7",null,null,"China, ex Daubenton, pl. 871.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Bucco virens"],["9804","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon virens indochinensis","(Rand, 1953)","Fieldiana Zoology 34 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEB88150",null,null,"Chapa, Tongking, French Indo-China","A new barbet from French Indochina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20754#page/7/mode/1up","Megalaima virens indochinensis"],["9805","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon rafflesii","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.137","Red-crowned Barbet","Red-crowned Barbet","Red-crowned Barbet",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung Islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681616","recbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recbar1","avibase-39972C74",null,null,"Sumatra.","Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/145/mode/1up","Bucco Rafflesii"],["9806","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon javensis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.181","Black-banded Barbet","Black-banded Barbet","Black-banded Barbet",null,null,"lowlands of Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681622","blbbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbar2","avibase-3FAAF1EF",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/200/mode/1up","Bucco Javensis"],["9807","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon mystacophanos","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.53, vol.3 pl.315","Red-throated Barbet","Red-throated Barbet","Red-throated Barbet",null,null,"southwestern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Batu Islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681619","retbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retbar1","avibase-85DECE79",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/669/mode/1up","Bucco mystacophanos"],["9808","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon mystacophanos mystacophanos","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.53, vol.3 pl.315",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1827B97C",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/669/mode/1up","Bucco mystacophanos"],["9809","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon mystacophanos ampalus","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46E3E5EF",null,null,"Tana Bala Island, Batu Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/124/mode/1up","Chotorea mystacophanes ampala"],["9810","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon pulcherrimus","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.393 pl.11 fig.2","Golden-naped Barbet","Golden-naped Barbet","Golden-naped Barbet",null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681655","gonbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gonbar1","avibase-6F858890",null,null,"Mt. Kina Balu, Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/421/mode/1up","Megaloema pulcherrima"],["9811","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon armillaris","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.15, vol.3 pl.89 fig.1","Flame-fronted Barbet","Flame-fronted Barbet","Flame-fronted Barbet",null,null,"montane Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681652","flfbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flfbar1","avibase-1DDCF3CB",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/677/mode/1up","Bucco armillaris"],["9812","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon armillaris armillaris","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.15, vol.3 pl.89 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A89E30E",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/677/mode/1up","Bucco armillaris"],["9813","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon armillaris baliensis","(Rensch, 1928)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CED8A14",null,null,"Gitgit, Bali.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Kleinen Sunda Inseln III. Aus den Ergebnissen der Sunda-Expedition.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0080-0081.pdf","Cyanops armillaris baliensis"],["9814","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon henricii","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.3 pl.524","Yellow-crowned Barbet","Yellow-crowned Barbet","Yellow-crowned Barbet",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681649","yecbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecbar1","avibase-E4B545F5",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/673/mode/1up","Bucco henricii"],["9815","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon henricii henricii","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.3 pl.524",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand southward to Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F608AF2B",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/673/mode/1up","Bucco henricii"],["9816","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon henricii brachyrhynchus","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF5C89D4",null,null,"Batulang, Baram River, Borneo.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies of Capitonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/402/mode/1up","Cyanops henricii brachyrhyncha"],["9817","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon faiostrictus","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.89, vol.3 pl.527","Green-eared Barbet","Green-eared Barbet","Green-eared Barbet",null,null,"lowland evergreen forest from eastern and northern Thailand eastward to southeastern China, and southward to Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681606","grebar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grebar3","avibase-A233028E",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/660/mode/1up","Bucco faiostrictus"],["9818","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon faiostrictus praetermissus","(Kloss, 1918)","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thailand, Laos, northern Vietnam, and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62395E86",null,null,"Southern China ; type from Nanchan Island, Kwangtung.","On Birds recently collected in Siam. Part I. Phasianidae - Eurylaemidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/153/mode/1up","Thereiceryx flavostrictus praetermissus"],["9819","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon faiostrictus faiostrictus","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.89, vol.3 pl.527",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEB5EAC5",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/660/mode/1up","Bucco faiostrictus"],["9820","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon lineatus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.500","Lineated Barbet","Lineated Barbet","Lineated Barbet",null,null,"northwestern India and Nepal to southern China, Myanmar, Vietnam, northern Malayan Peninsula, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681600","linbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linbar1","avibase-4EBAE936",null,null,"'Australasie', error =: Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/520/mode/1up","Capito lineatus"],["9821","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon lineatus hodgsoni","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India and Nepal to southern China, Myanmar, Vietnam, and northern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-726B98FF",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/238/mode/1up","Megalaema hogdsoni"],["9822","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon lineatus lineatus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3C34B3C",null,null,"'Australasie', error =: Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/520/mode/1up","Capito lineatus"],["9823","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon zeylanicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.408","Brown-headed Barbet","Brown-headed Barbet","Brown-headed Barbet",null,null,"dry to deciduous forest, adjacent scrub, and degraded areas in the sub-Himalayan Indian Subcontinent from southern Kashmir and far northeastern Pakistan through southeastern Nepal and adjacent West Bengal, and from Rajasthan and adjacent eastern Gujarat southward through the Indian Peninsula to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681597","brhbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhbar1","avibase-15471F21",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/420/mode/1up","Bucco Zeylanicus"],["9824","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon zeylanicus inornatus","(Walden, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.27 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central and southwestern India from about the Godavari River, Maharashtra southward to Goa and Karnataka)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-860E5C51",null,null,"Malabar, Coorg, and Candeish.","XXII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from Southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/233/mode/1up","Megalaima inornata"],["9825","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon zeylanicus caniceps","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Himalayan terai from Himachal Pradesh (Kangra) eastward to Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha, and southward through continental India from Gujarat eastward through Chhattisgarh (southward to the Godavari River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F86F402",null,null,"'On the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian Hills between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela on the Nerbudda.'","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/135/mode/1up","Bucco caniceps"],["9826","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon zeylanicus zeylanicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (Kerala and southern Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADA326B4",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/420/mode/1up","Bucco Zeylanicus"],["9827","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon viridis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53","White-cheeked Barbet","White-cheeked Barbet","White-cheeked Barbet",null,null,"lowlands and foothills of west-central and southwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681603","whcbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcbar1","avibase-EAE4A304",null,null,"Mahe, India, ex Daubenton, pl. 870.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Bucco viridis"],["9828","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon flavifrons","(Cuvier, 1816)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.428,note2","Yellow-fronted Barbet","Yellow-fronted Barbet","Yellow-fronted Barbet",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681625","yefbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefbar1","avibase-FBFB6ED7",null,null,"Ceylon. Based on LeVaillant, Ois. de Paradis, pl. 55.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/470/mode/1up","Bucco flavifrons"],["9829","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon auricularis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.428","Necklaced Barbet","Necklaced Barbet","Necklaced Barbet",null,null,"mountains of eastern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726116","gotbar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gotbar3","avibase-95D08E4C",null,null,"Langbian Peaks, 5500-6500 feet, Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/518/mode/1up","Cyanops franklini auricularis"],["9830","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon franklinii","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.167","Golden-throated Barbet","Golden-throated Barbet","Golden-throated Barbet",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane forest from Nepal eastward through the Himalayas to southwestern China, and southward to Assam (India), Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726108","gotbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gotbar2","avibase-BB0C3E76",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/201/mode/1up","Bucco Franklinii"],["9831","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon franklinii franklinii","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to southeastern Tibet, northern Myanmar, southern China, northeastern Thailand, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2A50167",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/201/mode/1up","Bucco Franklinii"],["9832","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon franklinii ramsayi","(Walden, 1875)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.15, no.90 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FDF082A",null,null,"2000-4000 feet, Karenni Hills.","L. Descriptions of some undescribed species of Birds discovered by Lieutenant Wardlaw Ramsay in Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53338#page/414/mode/1up","Megalaema Ramsayi"],["9833","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon franklinii trangensis","(Riley, 1934)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D82D6866",null,null,"Kao Nom Plu, 3000 feet, Trang, Siam.","One new genus and three new races of Birds from the Malay region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/136/mode/1up","Cyanops franklini trangensis"],["9834","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon franklinii minor","(Kloss & Chasen, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"western Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-442D81CB",null,null,"Gunong Ijan, 4700 feet, Perak, Malay States.","Descriptions of new races of Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/93/mode/1up","Cyanops franklini minor"],["9835","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon monticola","(Sharpe, 1889)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.3, no.17 p.424","Mountain Barbet","Mountain Barbet","Mountain Barbet",null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681643","moubar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moubar1","avibase-67B5D4C8",null,null,"Mt. Kina Balu, Borneo.","LI. On two new Species of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53339#page/438/mode/1up","Cyanops monticola"],["9836","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon corvinus","(Temminck, 1831)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.88, vol.3 pl.522","Brown-throated Barbet","Brown-throated Barbet","Brown-throated Barbet",null,null,"montane forest of western Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681609","brtbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtbar1","avibase-2A5A8428",null,null,"Java, Sumatra and Borneo, = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/659/mode/1up","Bucco corvinus"],["9837","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon chrysopogon","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.48, vol.3 pl.285","Golden-whiskered Barbet","Gold-whiskered Barbet","Gold-whiskered Barbet",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681612","gowbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowbar2","avibase-FA4F17DB",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/651/mode/1up","Bucco chrysopogon"],["9838","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon chrysopogon laetus","(Robinson & Kloss, 1918)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8 pt2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula; possibly far southern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C56695C2",null,null,"Bukit Tangga, Negri Sembilan, Malay Peninsula.","Results of an expedition to Korinchi Peak, Sumatra. Part II. Birds.",null,"Chotorhea chrysopogon subsp. laetus"],["9839","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon chrysopogon chrysopogon","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.48, vol.3 pl.285",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7C0B506",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/651/mode/1up","Bucco chrysopogon"],["9840","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon chrysopogon chrysopsis","(Goffin, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.2 Buccones no.15 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8114BEB5",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51484#page/55/mode/1up","Megalaima chrysopsis"],["9841","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon incognitus","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.442","Moustached Barbet","Moustached Barbet","Moustached Barbet",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest of southern Myanmar and western Thailand, and from northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam southward to southeastern Thailand and Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681646","moubar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moubar2","avibase-0A563359",null,null,"25 miles north of Yea and Karope, Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/462/mode/1up","Megalaima incognita"],["9842","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon incognitus incognitus","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-531A3DFA",null,null,"25 miles north of Yea and Karope, Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/462/mode/1up","Megalaima incognita"],["9843","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon incognitus elbeli","(Deignan, 1956)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and eastern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86A934D2",null,null,"Ban Muang Khai (lat 17 30'N, long 101 20'E), Loei Province, Thailand","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/431/mode/1up","Megalaima incognita elbeli"],["9844","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon incognitus eurous","(Deignan, 1939)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 29, no.4 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand, Cambodia, southern Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB0A0067",null,null,"Khao Sa Bap, Chantabun, Siam.","Two new races of birds from the Indo-Chinese subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122706#page/201/mode/1up","Cyanops incognita euroa"],["9845","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon nuchalis","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.283","Taiwan Barbet","Taiwan Barbet","Taiwan Barbet",null,null,"Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734433","taibar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taibar2","avibase-244D5336",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/337/mode/1up","Megalaema nuchalis"],["9846","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon faber","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.96 pl.4 fig.1","Chinese Barbet","Chinese Barbet","Chinese Barbet",null,null,"patchy in foothill and submontane forest of southeastern China (including Hainan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734438","chibar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chibar1","avibase-FF5877D7",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/118/mode/1up","Megaloema faber"],["9847","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon faber sini","(Stresemann, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.2 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern China (western Guangxi and Guandong to southwestern Jiangxi and southeastern Guizhou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4556FB36",null,null,"Mountains of northern Kwangsi, 2000-3500 feet.","Eine Vogelsammlung aus Kwangsi.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917261","Cyanops faber sini"],["9848","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon faber faber","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.96 pl.4 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2485DD05",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/118/mode/1up","Megaloema faber"],["9849","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon oorti","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.341 pl.VIII fig.4","Black-browed Barbet","Black-browed Barbet","Black-browed Barbet",null,null,"montane forest of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45360321","blbbar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbar5","avibase-ED45D950",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA341#v=onepage&f=false","Bucco Oorti"],["9850","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon chersonesus","(Chasen & Kloss, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.46","Turquoise-throated Barbet","Turquoise-throated Barbet","Turquoise-throated Barbet",null,null,"mountains of eastern peninsular Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61469908","tutbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tutbar1","avibase-F192B01C",null,null,"Khao Luang, Nakawn Sritamarat, 4500 feet, Peninsular Siam.","Descriptions of three new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/80/mode/1up","Cyanops asiatica chersonesus"],["9851","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon annamensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.428","Indochinese Barbet","Indochinese Barbet","Annam Barbet",null,null,"southern and eastern Laos and Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735400","indbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indbar1","avibase-5F832168",null,null,"Dalat, 5000 feet, Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/518/mode/1up","Cyanops oorti annamensis"],["9852","species","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon asiaticus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.201","Blue-throated Barbet","Blue-throated Barbet","Blue-throated Barbet",null,null,"lowland to submontane primary and secondary forest, and gardens, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to southwestern China and northern Vietnam, and southward to eastern India, southern Myanmar, and western and central Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61469878","bltbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltbar2","avibase-229575C0",null,null,"India = Calcutta, fide Stuart Baker.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/223/mode/1up","Trogon asiaticus"],["9853","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon asiaticus asiaticus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan to central Myanmar and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D39B25E",null,null,"India = Calcutta, fide Stuart Baker.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/223/mode/1up","Trogon asiaticus"],["9854","subspecies","Piciformes","Megalaimidae","Asian Barbets","Psilopogon asiaticus davisoni","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to southern China (southern Yunnan) and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65B51D6B",null,null,"Meetan, Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/124/mode/1up","Megalaima Davisoni"],["9855","family","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybiidae",null,null,"African Barbets","African Barbets","African Barbets",null,null,null,null,null,null,"lybiid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lybiid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["9856","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachylaemus","Reichenow, 1891","Bericht Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin no.10, 17 Dec. 1891 p.3",null,null,null,"2025-1230","Taxa <em>goffinii </em>and <em>purpuratus </em>are placed in <em>Trachylaemus</em>, rather than <em>Trachyphonus</em>, based on differences in plumage and ecology, supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Moyle 2004).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trachylaemus purpuratus [J. & E. Verreaux, 1851]; type by subsequent designation (Reichenow, 1903, Die Vögel Afrikas, 3, p. 159)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/145/mode/1up","Trachylaemus"],["9857","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachylaemus purpuratus","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.260","Eastern Yellow-billed Barbet","Eastern Yellow-billed Barbet","Eastern Yellow-billed Barbet","2025-0675","Taxon <em>goffinii </em>(polytypic, including <em>togoensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Trachylaemus purpuratus</em> based on plumage, facial bare parts color, and genetics. Deep mitochondrial DNA divergence (Moyle 2004) supports recognition of an eastern (<em>purpuratus</em>) and western clade but it is unclear if the western sample represented <em>goffinii </em>or <em>togoensis</em>. Pending further genetic research incorporating broader taxon sampling, <em>togoensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>T. goffinii</em>.","lowland to submontane forest understory, riparin thickets, and forested swamps, from southeastern Nigeria eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725980","yebbar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbar5","avibase-80BC978E",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/278/mode/1up","Trachyphonus lurpuratus (sic: purpuratus)"],["9858","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachylaemus purpuratus purpuratus","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Central African Republic, northern Angola, and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA2F94A6",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/278/mode/1up","Trachyphonus lurpuratus (sic: purpuratus)"],["9859","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachylaemus purpuratus elgonensis","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BA77E6A",null,null,"Mt. Elgon, East Africa.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/154/mode/1up","Trachyphonus elgonensis"],["9860","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachylaemus goffinii","(Goffin, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.2 Buccones no.15 p.72-73","Western Yellow-billed Barbet","Western Yellow-billed Barbet",null,"2025-0675","Taxon <em>goffinii </em>(polytypic, including <em>togoensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Trachylaemus purpuratus</em> based on plumage, facial bare parts color, and genetics. Deep mitochondrial DNA divergence (Moyle 2004) supports recognition of an eastern (<em>purpuratus</em>) and western clade but it is unclear if the western sample represented <em>goffinii </em>or <em>togoensis</em>. Pending further genetic research incorporating broader taxon sampling, <em>togoensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>T. goffinii</em>.","lowland and foothill forest understory of southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,"yebbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbar1","avibase-548EE951",null,null,"Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51484#page/112/mode/1up","Capito goffinii"],["9861","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachylaemus goffinii goffinii","(Goffin, 1863)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.2 Buccones no.15 p.72-73",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone eastward to Ghana/Togo border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B1B5FD8",null,null,"Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51484#page/112/mode/1up","Capito goffinii"],["9862","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachylaemus goffinii togoensis","Reichenow, 1891","Bericht Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin no.10, 17 Dec. 1891 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Ghana to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60FE17E8",null,null,"Bismarckburg, Togoland.","[Über die Gattung Trachyphonus Ranz.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/145/mode/1up","Trachylaemus togoensis"],["9863","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus","Ranzani, 1821","Elementi di Zoologia 3, pt.2 p.157",null,null,null,"2025-1230","Taxa <em>goffinii </em>and <em>purpuratus </em>are placed in <em>Trachylaemus</em>, rather than <em>Trachyphonus</em>, based on differences in plumage and ecology, supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Moyle 2004).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trachyphonus vaillantii [Ranzani, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Trachyphonus"],["9864","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus vaillantii","Ranzani, 1821","Elementi di Zoologia 3, pt.2 p.159","Crested Barbet","Crested Barbet","Crested Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill miombo and mopane woodland with termitaria, wooded grassland, and riparian thicket in dry areas, from central Angola eastward to southwestern Uganda and Tanzania, and southward to southeastern Botswana and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681881","crebar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebar1","avibase-546FA5F2",null,null,"South Africa ex LeVaillant = southeastern Cape Province, fide Vincent, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 55, 1935, p. 94.)",null,null,"Trachyphonus Vaillantii"],["9865","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus vaillantii suahelicus","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo to Tanzania and western Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EFE7CC7",null,null,"Usegua, Tanganyika Territory.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/72/mode/1up","Trachyphonus suahelicus"],["9866","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus vaillantii vaillantii","Ranzani, 1821","Elementi di Zoologia 3, pt.2 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and northeastern Namibia to Botswana, Mozambique, and southeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27B798F4",null,null,"South Africa ex LeVaillant = southeastern Cape Province, fide Vincent, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 55, 1935, p. 94.)",null,null,"Trachyphonus Vaillantii"],["9867","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus darnaudii","(Prévost & des Murs, 1847)","Voyage en Abyssinie exécuté pendant les années 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843 (etc.). Quatrième partie. Histoire naturelle. Zoologie. Vol. 6 3 p.133","D'Arnaud's Barbet","D'Arnaud's Barbet",null,"2025-0674","<em>Trachyphonus darnaudii</em> is treated as a single polytypic species based on available evidence. Taxa <em>usambiro </em>and <em>emini </em>sometimes treated as separate species but plumage and morphological differences are relatively modest. Furthermore, although <em>usambiro </em>is vocally distinct, and possibly allopatric, behavioral responses led Short &amp; Horne (1985a) to recognize a single species in this complex. Mitochondrial DNA data are limited (Barker &amp; Lanyon 2000; Moyle 2004; Brown et al. 2008) and a more thorough analysis of morphology, vocalizations and genetics would be informative.","foothill wooded and shrubby grassland, and pasture and dry open areas, from southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to central and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,"darbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darbar1","avibase-1953C1D6",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,null,"Micropogon darnaudii"],["9868","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus darnaudii darnaudii","(Prévost & des Murs, 1847)","Voyage en Abyssinie exécuté pendant les années 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843 (etc.). Quatrième partie. Histoire naturelle. Zoologie. Vol. 6 3 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, northeastern Uganda, and west-central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9348F1F3",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,null,"Micropogon darnaudii"],["9869","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus darnaudii boehmi","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Ethiopia to southern Somalia, eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AF3D7BB",null,null,"Pare Mts., Arusha, Ukamba and Barawa, = Barawa, Juba River, apud Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 63, 1915, p. 16.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/191/mode/1up","Trachyphonus Böhmi"],["9870","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus darnaudii emini","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Tanzania (east to Dar es Salaam suburbs)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AE6CDCF",null,null,"Mpapwa, Tanganyika Territory.","Uebersicht der von Dr. Emin Pascha auf seiner Reise von Bagamojo bis Tabora gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/161/mode/1up","Trachyphonus emini"],["9871","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus darnaudii usambiro","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya to north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55E9B668",null,null,"Usambiro, Tanganyika Territory.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies of Capitonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/402/mode/1up","Trachyphonus darnaudi usambiro"],["9872","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus margaritatus","(Cretzschmar, 1828)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.30 pl.20","Yellow-breasted Barbet","Yellow-breasted Barbet","Yellow-breasted Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia grassland, wadis and ruins, hilly scrub, and stabilized sand dunes near coast, from southeastern Mauritania eastward across the Sahel to eastern Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to northeastern and central Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681885","yebbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbar2","avibase-685CA6D9",null,null,"Sennar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/228/mode/1up","Bucco margaritatus"],["9873","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus margaritatus margaritatus","(Cretzschmar, 1828)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.30 pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mauritania to Chad, Sudan, northern Ethiopia, and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0504BF60",null,null,"Sennar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/228/mode/1up","Bucco margaritatus"],["9874","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus margaritatus somalicus","Zedlitz, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia and Djibouti to northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81608BBE",null,null,"Al Dabar, northern Somaliland.","Einige neue Formen aus Nordost-Afrika (Fortsetzung aus O. M. 1910 Heft I.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/71/mode/1up","Trachyphonus margaritatus somalicus"],["9875","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus erythrocephalus","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.206,241 pl.2","Red-and-yellow Barbet","Red-and-yellow Barbet","Red-and-yellow Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill thornscrub, termitaria in open woodland, and wooded grassland, from southeastern South Sudan, southern and eastern Ethiopia, and western Sudan southward to central and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681889","raybar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/raybar1","avibase-570C1121",null,null,"Ukamba, Kitui, Kenya Colony.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/218/mode/1up","Trachyphonus erythrocephalus"],["9876","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus erythrocephalus shelleyi","Hartlaub, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.106-107 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia to northwestern and southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4597C03C",null,null,"Plateau in the interior of Somaliland.","On a new Species of Barbet of the Genus Trachyphonus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/147/mode/1up","Trachyphonus shelleyi"],["9877","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus erythrocephalus versicolor","Hartlaub, 1882","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, southern and southwestern Ethiopia, southwestern Somalia, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41ED7A24",null,null,"Tarrangole, White Nile.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Trachyphonus versicolor"],["9878","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Trachyphonus erythrocephalus erythrocephalus","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.206,241 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to northeastern and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-000E2B69",null,null,"Ukamba, Kitui, Kenya Colony.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/218/mode/1up","Trachyphonus erythrocephalus"],["9879","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Cryptolybia","Clancey, 1979","Durban Museum Novitates 12, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,"2025-0680","Taxon <em>olivacea </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Cryptolybia </em>based on the mitochondrial-dominated DNA phylogeny of Moyle (2004), wherein <em>Stactolaema </em>was recovered as non-monophyletic, with <em>olivacea </em>a deeply diverged lineage.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Barbatula olivacea [Shelley, 1880]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2269","Cryptolybia"],["9880","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Cryptolybia olivacea","(Shelley, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.15 p.334 pl.7","Green Barbet","Green Barbet","Green Barbet",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill wet and dry forest, and open and miombo woodland, of southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania, southwestern Tanzania and northern Malawi, southern Malawi and adjacent Mozambique, and southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681732","grebar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grebar2","avibase-4568986F",null,null,"Rabbai, near Mombasa, Kenya Colony.","Descriptions of four new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/358/mode/1up","Barbatula olivacea"],["9881","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Cryptolybia olivacea olivacea","(Shelley, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.15 p.334 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B40A436",null,null,"Rabbai, near Mombasa, Kenya Colony.","Descriptions of four new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/358/mode/1up","Barbatula olivacea"],["9882","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Cryptolybia olivacea howelli","(Jensen & Stuart, 1982)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tanzania (Udzungwa and Mahenge mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A708986",null,null,"in Mwanihana Forest, Uzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, 1350 m","New subspecies of forest birds from Tanzania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/314/mode/1up","Buccanodon olivaceum howelli"],["9883","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Cryptolybia olivacea woodwardi","(Shelley, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania (Rondo Plateau) and KwaZulu-Natal (Ngoye Forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D38B8951",null,null,"Zululand; type from Echowe.","On three new species of Barbets from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/297/mode/1up","Stactolaema woodwardi"],["9884","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Cryptolybia olivacea rungweensis","(Benson, 1948)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Tanzania to northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3925493",null,null,"Isoko, Rungwe district, southwestern, Tanganika Territory","A new race of barbet from south-western Tanganyika Territiry and Northern Nysasland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/184/mode/1up","Buccanodon olivaceum rungweensis"],["9885","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Cryptolybia olivacea belcheri","(Sclater, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi (Mount Thyolo) and northern Mozambique (Mount Namuli)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8FD5426",null,null,"Cholo Mt., 4500 feet, Nyasaland.","Descriptions of three new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/121/mode/1up","Buccanodon belcheri"],["9886","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Buccanodon","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.171",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Barbatula formosa [Verreaux, 1855]; type by monotypy = Barbatula duchaillui Cassin, 1855",null,null,null,"Buccanodon"],["9887","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Buccanodon duchaillui","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.324","Yellow-spotted Barbet","Yellow-spotted Barbet",null,"2025-0676","Cryptic taxon <em>dowsetti </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Buccanodon duchaillui</em> based on available evidence. Although known plumage differences are lacking, vocalizations of <em>dowsetti </em>are distinctive and it is separable based on mitochondrial DNA (Hall et al. 2021). The presence of multiple deep mitochondrial DNA divergences in this complex is suggestive of cryptic species; further research is needed.","lowland and foothill primary forest, and old secondary forest, from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward to Uganda and western Kenya, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,"yesbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yesbar1","avibase-56790B57",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/347/mode/1up","Barbatula Duchaillui"],["9888","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Buccanodon duchaillui dowsetti","Boesman & Collar, 2019","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 139, no.2 p.156 [147-159]",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4FC7AB9",null,null,"Grassfield, Mt. Nimba, Liberia, 550 m, 24 August 1967, collected by A. D. Forbes-Watson","Two undescribed species of bird from West Africa.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333826861","Buccanodon dowsetti"],["9889","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Buccanodon duchaillui duchaillui","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E71BF2C9",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/347/mode/1up","Barbatula Duchaillui"],["9890","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema","Marshall & Marshall, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Buccanodon anchietae [Bocage, 1869]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/156/mode/1up","Stactolaema"],["9891","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema leucotis","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109","White-eared Barbet","White-eared Barbet",null,"2025-0679","Taxon <em>leucogrammica </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Stactolaema leucotis</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences are comparable to those between nominate <em>leucotis </em>and <em>kilimensis </em>and there is a lack of additional evidence (ecological or behavioral) for considering there to be more than a single species in this complex; however, genetic data would be informative given that the Uluguru Mountains are a known centre of endemism.","foothill and submontane forest, miombo woodland, and plantations with fruiting trees, from central and southeastern Kenya southward through eastern Tanzania, Malawi, and eastern Zimbabwe to Eswatini and southeastern South Africa",null,null,null,"whebar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whebar1","avibase-6C81D39B",null,null,"Lower Caifraria i.e. Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Megalaema leucotis"],["9892","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema leucotis kilimensis","(Shelley, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in highlands of central Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50253E23",null,null,"Kilimanjaro district ; type from Taveta, Kenya Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/507/mode/1up","Smilorhis kilimensis"],["9893","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema leucotis leucogrammica","(Reichenow, 1915)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of south-central Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains to Mahenge)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-147284D7",null,null,"Sanyi, Mahenge, Tanganyika Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/100/mode/1up","Buccanodon leucogrammicum"],["9894","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema leucotis leucotis","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi and Mozambique southward to Eswatini and KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F06DB1BB",null,null,"Lower Caifraria i.e. Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Megalaema leucotis"],["9895","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema anchietae","(Bocage, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.436 pl.29","Anchieta's Barbet","Anchieta's Barbet","Anchieta's Barbet",null,null,"foothill and submontane miombo woodland, riverine woods, and forest edge, from Angola eastward to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681724","ancbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ancbar1","avibase-35145A7E",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.","Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/516/mode/1up","Buccanodon anchietae"],["9896","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema anchietae katangae","(Vincent, 1934)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC250DD9",null,null,"Kaluli River, 3000 feet, Katanga Province, Belgian Congo.","Descriptions of two new subspecies from Katanga Province of the Belgian Congo and of a new Warbler from Cholo Mountain, southern Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/216/mode/1up","Buccanodon anchietae katangae"],["9897","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema anchietae anchietae","(Bocage, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.436 pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of south-central Angola to western Zambia border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5DEB29C",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.","Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/516/mode/1up","Buccanodon anchietae"],["9898","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema anchietae rex","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DB91B93",null,null,"Duque de Braganza, Angola.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies of African birds from the Berlin and Tring Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/73/mode/1up","Buccanodon anchietae rex"],["9899","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema whytii","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.11 pl.1","Whyte's Barbet","Whyte's Barbet","Whyte's Barbet",null,null,"patchy in foothill miombo woodland from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Zambia, and southwestern Tanzania, and southward to Malawi, northern Zimbabwe, and adjacent Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681728","whybar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whybar1","avibase-5C629518",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/41/mode/1up","Smilorhis whytii"],["9900","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema whytii buttoni","(White, 1945)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 65 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Zambia (along border with Democratic Republic of the Congo) and far southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F49036D0",null,null,"Ndola, Northern Rhodesia.","A new Race of Barbet from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125662#page/42/mode/1up","Buccanodon sowerbyi buttoni"],["9901","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema whytii stresemanni","(Grote, 1934)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern corner of Tanzania and adjacent northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CE62641",null,null,"Kitungulu-Urungu, Tanganyika Territory.","Zwei neue Formen aus Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0084-0090.pdf#page=3","Buccanodon anchietae stresemanni"],["9902","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema whytii terminata","(Clancey, 1956)","Durban Museum Novitates 4 no.15 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Tanzania (Iringa region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE5C836F",null,null,"Thirty miles south of Iringa, south-central Tanganyika Territory, at 5500 feet","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 6. On the races of Buccanodon whytii (Shelley).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1409","Buccanodon whytii terminatum"],["9903","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema whytii angoniensis","(Benson, 1964)","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 1 no.6 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia to southwestern Malawi (west of Shire River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED783203",null,null,"20 miles south-south-east of Fort Jameson, Northern Rhodesia [=Zimbabwe]","A further revision of the races of Whyte's barbet Buccanodon whytii Shelley.",null,"Buccanodon whytii angoniensis"],["9904","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema whytii whytii","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.11 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Tanzania to southeastern Malawi and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBDA9924",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/41/mode/1up","Smilorhis whytii"],["9905","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Stactolaema whytii sowerbyi","Sharpe, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe to far southern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99090A26",null,null,"Mashonaland, i.e. Fort Chiquaqua, ex Ibis, 1898, p. 572.","[Description of a new Barbet from Mashona-land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/474/mode/1up","Stactoloema sowerbyi"],["9906","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bucco calvus [Lafresnaye, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/233/mode/1up","Gymnobucco"],["9907","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco bonapartei","Hartlaub, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.11 p.410","Grey-throated Barbet","Gray-throated Barbet",null,"2025-0677","Taxon <em>cinereiceps</em> (monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Gymnobucco bonapartei,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. The distributions of <em>bonapartei </em>and <em>cinereiceps </em>appear to be continuous, with a cline of increasing size eastwards, and a broad hybrid zone. Although differences in iris color occur (Chapin 1939) there is no evidence of behavioral, ecological, or genetic differences to support species status.","lowland and foothill forest, riverine woodland, and overgrown plantations, from western Cameroon and Gabon eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northeastern Angola and far western Tanzania",null,null,null,"gytbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytbar1","avibase-95054CA5",null,null,"Gaboon.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1046/mode/1up","Gymnobucco Bonapartei"],["9908","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco bonapartei bonapartei","Hartlaub, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.11 p.410",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cameroon and Gabon eastward to southwestern and east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69968F8E",null,null,"Gaboon.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1046/mode/1up","Gymnobucco Bonapartei"],["9909","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco bonapartei cinereiceps","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic and South Sudan to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, western Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B1A8533",null,null,"Mt. Elgon, East Africa.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/151/mode/1up","Gymnobucco cinereiceps"],["9910","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco calvus","(de Lafresnaye, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.241","Naked-faced Barbet","Naked-faced Barbet",null,"2025-0678","Taxon <em>vernayi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Gymnobucco calvus</em> based on available evidence. Although plumages differ, the vocalizations of <em>vernayi </em>and <em>congicus </em>seem identical, and ecological differences have not been reported across what appears to be a fairly continuous distribution.","lowland and foothill forest, and wooded grassland, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southern Cameroon and Republic of the Congo, and southward to western Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,"nafbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nafbar1","avibase-F06B282B",null,null,"Locality unknown := Ashanti.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/249/mode/1up","Bucco calvus"],["9911","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco calvus calvus","(de Lafresnaye, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Sierra Leone to Cameroon and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47BB1121",null,null,"Locality unknown := Ashanti.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/249/mode/1up","Bucco calvus"],["9912","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco calvus congicus","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"western Congo, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17C820A3",null,null,"Thysville, Lower Congo district, Belgian Congo.","Fourteen new birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Gymnobucco calvus congicus"],["9913","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco calvus vernayi","Boulton, 1931","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 21 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"uplands of west-central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17D3AF63",null,null,"Mombolo, 6000 feet, district of Cuanza Sul, Angola.","New species and subspecies of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/72/mode/1up","Gymnobucco calvus vernayi"],["9914","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco peli","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.175","Bristle-nosed Barbet","Bristle-nosed Barbet","Bristle-nosed Barbet",null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Cameroon, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681699","brnbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnbar1","avibase-92757910",null,null,"Dabocrom, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/249/mode/1up","Gymnobucco Peli"],["9915","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Gymnobucco sladeni","Ogilvie-Grant, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.42","Sladen's Barbet","Sladen's Barbet","Sladen's Barbet",null,null,"forest of central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; recorded from southwestern Central African Republic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681703","slabar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slabar1","avibase-57F532BB",null,null,"Mawambi, Congo Forest.","Description of five new species from the Congo Forest.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/466/mode/1up","Gymnobucco sladeni"],["9916","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle (1842) 2 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bucco pusillus [C. Dumont, 1816]; type by original designation = Bucco pusillus C. Dumont, 1816  ",null,null,null,"Pogoniulus"],["9917","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus simplex","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.180","Green Tinkerbird","Green Tinkerbird","Eastern Green Tinkerbird",null,null,"coastal forest of southeastern Kenya to Tanzania, Malawi, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681754","gretin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gretin2","avibase-5238FF10",null,null,"Massailand =. Pangani River, Tanganyika Territory, ex Vög. Afr., 2, 1903, p. 146.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/192/mode/1up","Barbatula simplex"],["9918","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus leucomystax","(Sharpe, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.310","Moustached Tinkerbird","Moustached Tinkerbird","Moustached Green Tinkerbird",null,null,"eastern Uganda and western Kenya to southern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681747","moutin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moutin1","avibase-7BEB0003",null,null,"Sotik, Kenya Colony.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part IV. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/342/mode/1up","Barbatula leucomystax"],["9919","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus coryphaea","(Reichenow, 1892)","Sitzungsberichte der Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologen Gesellschaft zu Berlin p.3","Western Tinkerbird","Western Tinkerbird","Western Green Tinkerbird",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest undergrowth, and riverine thickets, of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon highlands, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda southward to western Burundi, and of west-central Angola; some downslope movement after breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681740","westin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/westin1","avibase-2D822644",null,null,"Buea, 950 met., Cameroon Mt.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.",null,"Barbatula coryphaea"],["9920","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus coryphaea angolensis","(Boulton, 1931)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 21 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola (Mount Moco and Mombolo highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97DA653D",null,null,"Mombolo, 6000 ft., district of Cuanza Sul, Angola, by Rudyerd Boulton","New species and subspecies of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/74/mode/1up","Viridibucco coryphaea angolensis"],["9921","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus coryphaea coryphaea","(Reichenow, 1892)","Sitzungsberichte der Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologen Gesellschaft zu Berlin p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau) and adjacent southwestern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FFD8AA1",null,null,"Buea, 950 met., Cameroon Mt.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.",null,"Barbatula coryphaea"],["9922","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus coryphaea hildamariae","(Sclater, 1938)","The birds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate 2 p.714",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and western Rwanda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58179E0D",null,null,"E DR Congo, SW Uganda",null,null,"Barbatula coryphaea hildamariae"],["9923","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus atroflavus","(Sparrman, 1798)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 19 p.305 pl.9","Red-rumped Tinkerbird","Red-rumped Tinkerbird","Red-rumped Tinkerbird",null,null,"Senegambia eastward to southern Central African Republic and far western Uganda, southward to northern Angola (Cabinda) and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681761","rertin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rertin1","avibase-90373466",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180097#page/323/mode/1up","Bucco atro-flavus"],["9924","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus subsulphureus","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.120 p.3","Yellow-throated Tinkerbird","Yellow-throated Tinkerbird","Yellow-throated Tinkerbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane primary and old secondary forest from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern Uganda, southward to northwestern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681765","yettin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yettin1","avibase-523991EF",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of some new species of Birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/371/mode/1up","Bucco subsulphureus"],["9925","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus subsulphureus chrysopygus","(Shelley, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea to southern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63EAF643",null,null,"Gold Coast.","On some new Genera and Species of the Family Capitonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/507/mode/1up","Barbatula chrysopyga"],["9926","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus subsulphureus flavimentum","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"Togo to southern Central African Republic, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2956763",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/280/mode/1up","Barbatula flavimentum"],["9927","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus subsulphureus subsulphureus","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.120 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E27DB7E",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of some new species of Birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/371/mode/1up","Bucco subsulphureus"],["9928","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus bilineatus","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109","Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird","Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird","Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird","2025-0684","Taxon <em>makawai </em>is treated as a synonym of <em>Pogoniulus bilineatus</em> based on analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Kirschel et al. 2018). Although plumage differences are striking, the single specimen of <em>makawai</em> is embedded within <em>P. bilineatus</em> suggesting that it is an aberrant color-morph; field observations have also failed to locate additional individuals of <em>makawai </em>(Dowsett et al. 2008).","lowland to submontane forest edge, thickets, riverine woodland, and tree plantations, from Senegambia eastward through Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to western Angola and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731992","yertin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yertin1","avibase-7749C92B",null,null,"'Caffraria inferiore' ; type from the Umlazi River, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Megalaema bilineata"],["9929","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus bilineatus leucolaimus","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to South Sudan, Uganda, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B28B3A1",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/281/mode/1up","Barbatula leucolaima"],["9930","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus bilineatus poensis","(Alexander, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3FE765E",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of new species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/387/mode/1up","Barbatula poensis"],["9931","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus bilineatus mfumbiri","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Tanzania and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0577D507",null,null,"Mfumbiro Volcano, 6000 feet, Belgian Congo.","Exhibition of six new species of African birds from the collection made by Mr. Douglas Carruthers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/531/mode/1up","Barbatula mfumbiri"],["9932","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus bilineatus jacksoni","(Sharpe, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Uganda, central Kenya, Rwanda, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53FDFB82",null,null,"Mau, Kenya Colony.","[Description of species from British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/445/mode/1up","Barbatula jacksoni"],["9933","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus bilineatus fischeri","(Reichenow, 1880)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Kenya to northeastern Tanzania; Zanzibar, and Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35C11126",null,null,"East Africa = Zanzibar, ex Journ. f. Om., 33, 1885, p. 125.","Neue Vögel aus Ost-Afrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_0181.pdf","Barbatula Fischeri"],["9934","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus bilineatus bilineatus","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia and southern Tanzania to Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40BEFD6C",null,null,"'Caffraria inferiore' ; type from the Umlazi River, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Megalaema bilineata"],["9935","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus scolopaceus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.141","Speckled Tinkerbird","Speckled Tinkerbird","Speckled Tinkerbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest edges, and secondary forest and tree plantations, from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681736","spetin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spetin1","avibase-EEA161A8",null,null,"Ashanti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/233/mode/1up","Xylobucco scolopaceus"],["9936","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus scolopaceus scolopaceus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C090995",null,null,"Ashanti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/233/mode/1up","Xylobucco scolopaceus"],["9937","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus scolopaceus stellatus","(Jardine & Fraser, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39D9A058",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Birds of Western Africa. Collections of L. Fraser, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/417/mode/1up","Bucco stellatus"],["9938","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus scolopaceus flavisquamatus","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, far western Kenya, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B782A15",null,null,"Cape Lopez, Gaboon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/113/mode/1up","Barbatula flavisquamata"],["9939","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus chrysoconus","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.90, vol.3 pl.536 fig.2","Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird","Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird","Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird",null,null,"lowland to montane open and miombo woodland, dry scrub, wooded grassland, and montane evergreen forest, from southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to western Ethiopia, southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western and southern Tanzania, and from Angola eastward to Mozambique, thence southward to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681774","yeftin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeftin1","avibase-2F467821",null,null,"Galam, Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/684/mode/1up","Bucco chrysoconus"],["9940","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus chrysoconus chrysoconus","(Temminck, 1832)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.90, vol.3 pl.536 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia to Ethiopia and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-672F59A2",null,null,"Galam, Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/684/mode/1up","Bucco chrysoconus"],["9941","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus chrysoconus extoni","(Layard, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.2 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Namibia, Botswana, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6E42FE0",null,null,"Kanye, lat. 24° 50' S., long. 25° 40' E., Bechuanaland.","Notes on South-African Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/262/mode/1up","Barbatula extoni"],["9942","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus chrysoconus xanthostictus","(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central and southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E934ACEA",null,null,"Chellia, Ethiopia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/53/mode/1up","Barbatula xanthosticta"],["9943","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus pusillus","(Dumont, 1816)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 4 p.50","Southern Red-fronted Tinkerbird","Southern Red-fronted Tinkerbird",null,"2025-1194","Taxon <em>uropygialis </em>(polytypic, including <em>affinis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pogoniulus pusillus</em> based on Kirschel et al. (2021).","southern Mozambique to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,"reftin4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reftin4","avibase-073ECE32",null,null,"Sandag [i.e. Sunday] River, Swart Kop River and in the Karrou, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64178#page/58/mode/1up","Bucco pusillus"],["9944","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus uropygialis","(Heuglin, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.55 p.37","Northern Red-fronted Tinkerbird","Northern Red-fronted Tinkerbird",null,"2025-1194","Taxon <em>uropygialis </em>(polytypic, including <em>affinis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pogoniulus pusillus</em> based on Kirschel et al. (2021).","lowland and foothill dry woodland, acacia scrub, and riverine woodland in desert, from Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward through southern South Sudan and Kenya, to north-central and eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,"reftin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reftin1","avibase-E01F4BD7",null,null,"Ain Saba, Eritrea.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Fortsetzung vom November-Heft 1861, S. 417-432.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/51/mode/1up","Barbatula uropygialis"],["9945","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus uropygialis uropygialis","(Heuglin, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.55 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to northern and central Ethiopia and northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75A118BC",null,null,"Ain Saba, Eritrea.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Fortsetzung vom November-Heft 1861, S. 417-432.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/51/mode/1up","Barbatula uropygialis"],["9946","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogoniulus uropygialis affinis","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan eastward to southern Somalia and southward to Uganda and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9260969",null,null,"Kipini, Kenya Colony.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Barbatula affinis"],["9947","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tricholaema flavipunctata [J. & E. Verreaux, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,"Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/114/mode/1up","Tricholaema"],["9948","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema hirsuta","(Swainson, 1821)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.14 pl.72,text","Hairy-breasted Barbet","Hairy-breasted Barbet","Hairy-breasted Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary forest and dense secondary forest from Sierra Leone, and southern Guinea eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and far northwestern Tanzania; previously also southern Senegal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681786","habbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/habbar1","avibase-915DABE2",null,null,"Africa; Gold Coast designated as type locality by Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 62.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/45/mode/1up","Pogonias hirsutus"],["9949","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema hirsuta hirsuta","(Swainson, 1821)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.14 pl.72,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to south-central Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10D0FE77",null,null,"Africa; Gold Coast designated as type locality by Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 62.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/45/mode/1up","Pogonias hirsutus"],["9950","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema hirsuta flavipunctata","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon to northern and central Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14A90F80",null,null,"Gaboon","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/115/mode/1up","Tricholaema flavipunctata"],["9951","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema hirsuta angolensis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Gabon to southern Democratic Republic of Congo, southern Congo, and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78CA71AC",null,null,"Golungo Alto, Angola.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies of African birds from the Berlin and Tring Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/73/mode/1up","Tricholaema hirsutum angolense"],["9952","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema hirsuta ansorgii","Shelley, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Cameroon to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-324631C0",null,null,"Uganda; type from Entebbe.","On three new species of Barbets from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/297/mode/1up","Tricholaema ansorgii"],["9953","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema diademata","(Heuglin, 1861)","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.10 p.124,126 pl.5","Red-fronted Barbet","Red-fronted Barbet","Red-fronted Barbet",null,null,"foothill woodland, brushy acacia woods, and wooded grassland from central and southwestern Angola and southeastern South Sudan southward to southern Uganda and central and southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681790","refbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refbar2","avibase-3E3AFB25",null,null,"Steppes of the Kitsch Negros between lat. 7° and 8° N., upper White Nile.","On new or little-known Birds of North-Eastern Africa. (Part III. The Barbets, Capitonidae) [Continued from p. 76.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/156/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus diadematus"],["9954","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema diademata diademata","(Heuglin, 1861)","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.10 p.124,126 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and central Ethiopia southward to eastern Uganda and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-157AC263",null,null,"Steppes of the Kitsch Negros between lat. 7° and 8° N., upper White Nile.","On new or little-known Birds of North-Eastern Africa. (Part III. The Barbets, Capitonidae) [Continued from p. 76.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/156/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus diadematus"],["9955","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema diademata massaica","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Kenya to central and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48D741FE",null,null,"Loeru, Tanganyika Territory.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/71/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus massaicus"],["9956","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema frontata","(Cabanis, 1881)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.152 p.351 pl.2 fig.1","Miombo Pied Barbet","Miombo Pied Barbet","Miombo Pied Barbet",null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Tanzania, central Angola, southern Zambia, and western Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681794","miobar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miobar1","avibase-73470BDF",null,null,"Angola.","[Über Novitäten des Berliner Zoologischen Museums].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/363/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus frontatus"],["9957","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema leucomelas","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43","Acacia Pied Barbet","Acacia Pied Barbet","Acacia Pied Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill woodland, riparian forest, and wooded scrub, from western Angola, southwestern Zambia, and southern Zimbabwe southward to South Africa and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681799","piebar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piebar1","avibase-7AB16C67",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 688, f. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Bucco leucomelas"],["9958","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema leucomelas centralis","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, far southwestern Zambia, and western Zimbabwe to northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-647D3A56",null,null,"Rustenberg, Transvaal [South Africa]","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Notopogonius leucomelas centralis"],["9959","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema leucomelas affinis","(Shelley, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.680",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and southwestern Mozambique to eastern Cape Province and northern KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC5D8B0C",null,null,"Weenen, Natal.","Descriptions of two new Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/460/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus affinis"],["9960","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema leucomelas leucomelas","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (central, southern, and southwestern Cape Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11F9119B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 688, f. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Bucco leucomelas"],["9961","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema lacrymosa","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205,240","Spot-flanked Barbet","Spot-flanked Barbet","Spot-flanked Barbet",null,null,"foothill wet woodland, riverine woods, and gardens, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to south-central Tanzania and northeastern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681804","spfbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spfbar1","avibase-F1CCA0AA",null,null,"Adi [= Athi] River, Kenya Colony.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Tricholaema lacrymosa"],["9962","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema lacrymosa lacrymosa","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205,240",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to South Sudan, Uganda, northern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2775AA3",null,null,"Adi [= Athi] River, Kenya Colony.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Tricholaema lacrymosa"],["9963","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema lacrymosa radcliffei","Ogilvie-Grant, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Kenya, southwestern Tanzania, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF15FBD",null,null,"Mulema, 5000 feet, Uganda.","On a new species of Barbet from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/639/mode/1up","Tricholaema radcliffei"],["9964","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema melanocephala","(Cretzschmar, 1829)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.41 pl.28","Black-throated Barbet","Black-throated Barbet","Black-throated Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill thornscrub, dry woodland, and brushy desert, from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia southward to southeastern South Sudan, eastern Uganda, and north-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681808","bltbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltbar1","avibase-F03BE6C3",null,null,"Kordofan and Sennar, = Ethiopia? cj. Sclater and Mack worth- Praed, Ibis, 1919, p. 637.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/257/mode/1up","Pogonias melanocephala"],["9965","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema melanocephala melanocephala","(Cretzschmar, 1829)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.41 pl.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82ADFBCB",null,null,"Kordofan and Sennar, = Ethiopia? cj. Sclater and Mack worth- Praed, Ibis, 1919, p. 637.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/257/mode/1up","Pogonias melanocephala"],["9966","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema melanocephala blandi","Lort Phillips, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and northeastern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2BE6AA8",null,null,"Goolis Mts., Somaliland.","New species of birds from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/407/mode/1up","Tricholaema blandi"],["9967","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema melanocephala stigmatothorax","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205,240",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, southern Somalia, Kenya, and northern and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4F3A1FC",null,null,"Ndi, Taita, Kenya Colony.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Tricholaema stigmatothorax"],["9968","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Tricholaema melanocephala flavibuccalis","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Tanzania (Seronera region and Wembere steppes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5AC5612",null,null,"Wembere Steppe, Tanganyika Territory.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/44/mode/1up","Tricholaema flavibuccale"],["9969","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis","Billberg, 1828","Synopsis faunae Scandinaviae, complectens animalia Sveciae Norvegiae que hucusque detecta 1, pt.2 tab.A",null,null,null,"2025-0681","The genus <em>Pogonornis </em>(polytypic) is recognized based on results of the mitochondrial-dominated DNA study of Moyle (2004), supported by differences in voice and sexual dimorphism between the <em>Pogonornis </em>group of species and those in <em>Lybius </em>(Short &amp; Horne 1985a). As <em>Tricholaema lachrymosa</em> was found to be embedded within the <em>Lybius-Pogonornis</em> complex (Moyle 2004), a comprehensive genetic review incorporating broader taxon sampling and genomic or nuclear DNA loci is indicated.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bucco dubius [Gmelin]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137828#page/215/mode/1up","Pogonornis"],["9970","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis melanopterus","(Peters, 1854)","Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.134","Brown-breasted Barbet","Brown-breasted Barbet","Brown-breasted Barbet",null,null,"savanna of southern Somalia to Kenya, southeastern Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681849","brbbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbbar1","avibase-724266B4",null,null,"Mocimboa, Mozambique.","[Hr. Peters legte einige zu seinem Reisewerke gehörige Abbildungen von Vögeln vor.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/140/mode/1up","Pogonias (Laimodon) melanopterus"],["9971","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis minor","(Cuvier, 1816)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.428,note2","Black-backed Barbet","Black-backed Barbet",null,"2025-0682","Taxon <em>macclounii </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pogonornis minor</em> based on phenotypic intermediacy across a broad hybrid zone (Short 1982b).","mostly disjunctly in lowland and foothill woodland, forest edge and thickets, and miombo, from Gabon southward to northwestern Angola, and eastward to central Tanzania, and southward to northern and western Zambia and northwestern Malawi",null,null,null,"blbbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbar1","avibase-9811585C",null,null,"'Afrique et aux Indes' ; restricted to northern Angola by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 62, 1942, p. 46.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/470/mode/1up","Pogonias minor"],["9972","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis minor minor","(Cuvier, 1816)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.428,note2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Gabon and western Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03E74ADD",null,null,"'Afrique et aux Indes' ; restricted to northern Angola by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 62, 1942, p. 46.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/470/mode/1up","Pogonias minor"],["9973","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis minor macclounii","(Shelley, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Tanzania, central Angola, northern Zambia, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E7F7440",null,null,"Nyasaland ; type from Luchinde, north of Lake Nyasa.","[Description of four new species of birds from Nyasa Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/555/mode/1up","Melanobucco macclounii"],["9974","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis bidentatus","(Shaw, 1799)","The naturalist's miscellany 10, no.12 pl.393,text","Double-toothed Barbet","Double-toothed Barbet","Double-toothed Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, riverine thickets, and dense woodland, from Guinea-Bissau and Guinea eastward to central Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Angola and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681861","dotbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dotbar1","avibase-439FE608",null,null,"'Barbary'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124636#page/280/mode/1up","Bucco bidentatus"],["9975","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis bidentatus bidentatus","(Shaw, 1799)","The naturalist's miscellany 10, no.12 pl.393,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia to central Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F84283A",null,null,"'Barbary'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124636#page/280/mode/1up","Bucco bidentatus"],["9976","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis bidentatus aequatorialis","(Shelley, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, northwestern Angola, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC2E71C8",null,null,"Hparo [i.e. Mparu, near Hoima, Uganda], Equatorial Africa.","On some new Genera and Species of the Family Capitonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/506/mode/1up","Melanobucco aequatorialis"],["9977","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis dubius","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.409","Bearded Barbet","Bearded Barbet","Bearded Barbet",null,null,"western Sahel (northern Senegambia to northwestern Central African Republic)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681865","beabar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beabar1","avibase-B3031527",null,null,"Barbary Coast.","Apatelornis wachei Rchw. n. g. et sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/421/mode/1up","Bucco dubius"],["9978","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Pogonornis rolleti","(de Filippi, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.290","Black-breasted Barbet","Black-breasted Barbet","Black-breasted Barbet",null,null,"southern Chad to northeastern Central African Republic, South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681869","blbbar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbar4","avibase-7A3818D8",null,null,"Between lat 3° and 4° N., White Nile.","Fragment d'une lettre de M. Ph. Defilippi à Son Altesse le prince Bonaparte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/312/mode/1up","Pogonias Rolleti"],["9979","genus","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius","Hermann, 1783","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.217,note",null,null,null,"2025-0681","The genus <em>Pogonornis </em>(polytypic) is recognized based on results of the mitochondrial-dominated DNA study of Moyle (2004), supported by differences in voice and sexual dimorphism between the <em>Pogonornis </em>group of species and those in <em>Lybius </em>(Short &amp; Horne 1985a). As <em>Tricholaema lachrymosa</em> was found to be embedded within the <em>Lybius-Pogonornis</em> complex (Moyle 2004), a comprehensive genetic review incorporating broader taxon sampling and genomic or nuclear DNA loci is indicated.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lybius guifsobalito [Hermann, 1783]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/237/mode/1up","Lybius"],["9980","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius undatus","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.52 pl.20 fig.2","Banded Barbet","Banded Barbet","Banded Barbet",null,null,"lowland to montane woodland, wooded brush, and riparian trees, of Eritrea and western and central Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681812","banbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banbar1","avibase-E0ED3A27",null,null,"Simen Province, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/132/mode/1up","Pogonias undatus"],["9981","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius undatus thiogaster","Neumann, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea and northeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D132F67C",null,null,"Keren, Bogosland.","Ein mehrfach verkannter afrikanischer Capitonide.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/77/mode/1up","Lybius thiogaster"],["9982","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius undatus undatus","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.52 pl.20 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northwestern to central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75C0F81C",null,null,"Simen Province, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/132/mode/1up","Pogonias undatus"],["9983","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius undatus leucogenys","(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern and south-central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FD771AF",null,null,"Konduro, western Ethiopia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/53/mode/1up","Melanobucco leucogenys"],["9984","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius undatus salvadorii","Neumann, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3C44DC7",null,null,"Dinki, near Harar, Ethiopia.","On new species of birds from N.E. Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/496/mode/1up","Lybius undatus salvadorii"],["9985","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius vieilloti","(Leach, 1815)","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 2 p.104 pl.97","Vieillot's Barbet","Vieillot's Barbet","Vieillot's Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill wooded grassland, riparian trees, and cultivation, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to southern and eastern Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to central Cameroon, north-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western South Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681816","viebar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viebar1","avibase-7DE8EBBA",null,null,"Africa = Ethiopia by designation of Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1902, p. 426.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91182#page/182/mode/1up","Pogonius vieilloti"],["9986","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius vieilloti buchanani","Hartert, 1924","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Mali to Niger, northern Nigeria, and southern Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03FDC7DE",null,null,"Tebeig, Aïr, central Sahara","Ornithological results of Captain Buchanan's second Sahara expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/39/mode/1up","Lybius vieilloti buchanani"],["9987","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius vieilloti rubescens","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.34, vol.3 text to genus Pogonias",null,null,null,null,null,"Sahel fringe, south of the range of buchanani, from Senegambia and Sierra Leone to Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Central African Republic, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A60BD4AD",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/686/mode/1up","Pogonias rubescens"],["9988","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius vieilloti vieilloti","(Leach, 1815)","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 2 p.104 pl.97",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF11A6B6",null,null,"Africa = Ethiopia by designation of Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1902, p. 426.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91182#page/182/mode/1up","Pogonius vieilloti"],["9989","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius leucocephalus","(de Filippi, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.291","White-headed Barbet","White-headed Barbet",null,"2025-0683","The monotypic taxa <em>leucogaster </em>and <em>senex </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Lybius leucocephalus</em> based on available evidence. Although sometimes split as separate species, plumage differences seem modest, ecologically the taxa are similar, and subspecies <em>senex </em>and <em>albicauda </em>are reported to interbreed (Short &amp; Horne 1985a). Further evidence may show that the geographically isolated subspecies <em>leucogaster </em>warrants separation; further research needed.","disjunctly in lowland to submontane open woodland, riparian trees, and brush with trees, from northern Nigeria and southern Chad eastward to South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to central Tanzania, and of southwestern Angola highlands",null,null,null,"whhbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhbar1","avibase-BCA0F974",null,null,"Between 3° and 4° N. lat., White Nile.","Fragment d'une lettre de M. Ph. Defilippi à Son Altesse le prince Bonaparte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/313/mode/1up","Laimodon leucocephalus"],["9990","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius leucocephalus adamauae","Reichenow, 1921","Journal für Ornithologie 69, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria to southern Chad, western Central African Republic, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53AB4861",null,null,"Tibati Highlands, Cameroons.","Neue Vogelarten aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43096#page/56/mode/1up","Lybius leucocephalus adamauae"],["9991","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius leucocephalus leucocephalus","(de Filippi, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania; possibly also eastern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28F36FFE",null,null,"Between 3° and 4° N. lat., White Nile.","Fragment d'une lettre de M. Ph. Defilippi à Son Altesse le prince Bonaparte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/313/mode/1up","Laimodon leucocephalus"],["9992","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius leucocephalus senex","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central and south-central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B91DD3C8",null,null,"Ukamba, Ikange.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/71/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus senex"],["9993","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius leucocephalus albicauda","(Shelley, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southern Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7F8EBC7",null,null,"Ugogo, Tanganyika Territory.","On new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/151/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus albicauda"],["9994","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius leucocephalus lynesi","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57D79F23",null,null,"Iringa, Tanganyika Territory.","Description of two new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/101/mode/1up","Lybius leucocephalus lynesi"],["9995","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius leucocephalus leucogaster","(Bocage, 1877)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E68E0A8E",null,null,"Quillengues, Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/75/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus leucogaster"],["9996","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius chaplini","Clarke, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.50","Chaplin's Barbet","Chaplin's Barbet","Zambian Barbet",null,null,"Miombo woodland of south-central Zambia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681832","chabar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chabar1","avibase-3F31B1D6",null,null,"Kafue River, lat. 16° S., long. 26° E., Northern Rhodesia.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Barbet from Southern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/80/mode/1up","Lybius chaplini"],["9997","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius rubrifacies","(Reichenow, 1892)","Sitzungsberichte der Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologen Gesellschaft zu Berlin p.1","Red-faced Barbet","Red-faced Barbet","Red-faced Barbet",null,null,"acacia belt of southwestern Uganda to eastern Rwanda and northwestern Tanzania",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681837","refbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refbar1","avibase-C477BEB1",null,null,"Kimo-ani, south-west of Lake Victoria.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.",null,"Pogonorhynchus rubrifacies"],["9998","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius guifsobalito","Hermann, 1783","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.217,note-n,235","Black-billed Barbet","Black-billed Barbet","Black-billed Barbet",null,null,"eastern Sudan to western Ethiopia, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681841","blbbar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbar3","avibase-0D419595",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/237/mode/1up","Lybius guifsobalito"],["9999","species","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus","(Dumont, 1805)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 4 p.56","Black-collared Barbet","Black-collared Barbet","Black-collared Barbet",null,null,"lowland and foothill open woodland, wooded grassland, and gardens, from northern Angola northeastward to southwestern Kenya and Tanzania, and southward to northeastern Namibia and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681845","blcbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcbar1","avibase-8C50CB2D",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64178#page/64/mode/1up","Bucco torquatus"],["10000","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus zombae","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to south-central Malawi and central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10D78674",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/40/mode/1up","Melanobucco zombae"],["10001","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus pumilio","Grote, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to eastern Rwanda, western Tanzania, northern Zambia, and northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A84A2812",null,null,"Uvira, north end of Lake Tanganyika, eastern Belgian Congo.","Lybius torquatus pumilio nov. subsp..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0138-0151.pdf#page=7","Lybius torquatus pumilio"],["10002","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus irroratus","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205,239",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Kenya (Lamu and Tana River) to central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AF8740E",null,null,"Mombasa, East Africa.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Pogonorhynchus irroratus"],["10003","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus congicus","(Reichenow, 1898)","Die mittleren Hochländer des nördlichen Deutsch Ost-Afrika (etc.) p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CC394DE",null,null,"Congo region; type from Malanje, Angola.",null,null,"Melanobucco torquatus congicus"],["10004","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus vivacens","Clancey, 1977","Durban Museum Novitates 11 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and western Mozambique to eastern Zimbabwe and southern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88DC333C",null,null,"Songea, Tanganyika Territory.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 50. A name for Lybius zombae auct., nec Shelley, 1893.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2251","Lybius torquatus vivacens"],["10005","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus bocagei","(Sousa, 1886)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 11 p.158.",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, southwestern Zambia, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FBC8CD3",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23041#page/174/mode/1up","Barbatula Bocagei"],["10006","subspecies","Piciformes","Lybiidae","African Barbets","Lybius torquatus torquatus","(Dumont, 1805)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 4 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, eastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F136329",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64178#page/64/mode/1up","Bucco torquatus"],["10007","family","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capitonidae",null,null,"New World Barbets","New World Barbets","New World Barbets",null,null,null,null,null,null,"capito2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capito2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["10008","genus","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Capito richardsoni [Gray, GR, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 91).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/234/mode/1up","Eubucco"],["10009","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco tucinkae","(Seilern-Aspang, 1913)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft4 p.276","Scarlet-hooded Barbet","Scarlet-hooded Barbet","Scarlet-hooded Barbet",null,null,"humid eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681942","schbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schbar1","avibase-A07A0AB3",null,null,"Yahuarmayo, Carabaya, Peru.","Beschreibung zweier Vogelformen aus Süd-Ost-Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/296/mode/1up","Capito tucinkae"],["10010","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco richardsoni","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.430 pl.CVI","Lemon-throated Barbet","Lemon-throated Barbet",null,"2025-0274","Taxon <em>aurantiicollis </em>(polytypic, including <em>purusianus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Eubucco richardsoni</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Plumages are geographically variable, vocal differences have not been documented, and genetic data are lacking.","tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from east-central Colombia southward to northeastern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas, Acre, and Rondônia, mostly west of the Rio Negro and Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,"letbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/letbar1","avibase-993FE0B3",null,null,"No locality = Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/279/mode/1up","Capito richardsoni"],["10011","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco richardsoni richardsoni","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.430 pl.CVI",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru (west of Iquitos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3166D7D4",null,null,"No locality = Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/279/mode/1up","Capito richardsoni"],["10012","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco richardsoni nigriceps","Chapman, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.332 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (lower Río Napo) to far northwestern Brazil in western Amazonas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DDC9273",null,null,"Junction of the Apiyacu and the Amazon, near Pebas, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3734/","Eubucco richardsoni nigriceps"],["10013","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco richardsoni aurantiicollis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.343 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru south of Río Marañón and western Brazil south of the Amazon River to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2745C670",null,null,"Río Javari and Río Ucayali, Peru.","On a Collection of Birds transmitted by Mr. H. W. Bates from the Upper Amazon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/279/mode/1up","Eubucco aurantiicollis"],["10014","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco richardsoni purusianus","Gyldenstolpe, 1951","Arkiv för Zoologi (2) 1 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Juruá to upper Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8576AC13",null,null,"Labrea, Rio Purus (right bank), State of Amazonas, western Brazil","The ornithology of the Rio Purus region in Western Brazil.",null,"Eubucco richardsoni purusianus"],["10015","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco versicolor","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.88","Versicolored Barbet","Versicolored Barbet",null,"2025-0275","Taxa <em>steerii </em>(monotypic) and <em>glaucogularis </em>(monotypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Eubucco versicolor</em> based on available evidence. Although plumage differences appear pronounced, intermediates occur (Zimmer 1930), vocalizations of <em>steerei </em>and <em>versicolor </em>are indistinguishable, and genetic data are lacking.","montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes south of the Río Marañón from northern Peru (Amazonas), southeastward to central Bolivia (westernmost Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,"verbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verbar1","avibase-7E21BBD8",null,null,"Maynas, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/108/mode/1up","Bucco versicolor"],["10016","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco versicolor steerii","(Sclater & Salvin, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.140 pl.12 Nomenclature",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas to northern Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024383AA",null,null,"Moyobamba, Peru.","On the Collection of Birds made by Prof. Steere in South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/204/mode/1up","Capito steerii"],["10017","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco versicolor glaucogularis","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (eastern Huánuco to northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19039B03",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/309/mode/1up","Capito glaucogularis"],["10018","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco versicolor versicolor","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to north-central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A0C8C98",null,null,"Maynas, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/108/mode/1up","Bucco versicolor"],["10019","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco bourcierii","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.179","Red-headed Barbet","Red-headed Barbet","Red-headed Barbet",null,null,"humid forest in the mountains of western Costa Rica eastward to far eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in South America, in the Andes slopes of western Venezuela southwestward to the central and eastern Andes of Colombia, not including Sierra de Perijá, and southward along the eastern Andes to far northern Peru; west of the Andes in the foothills and slopes of the western Andes of Colombia southward to west-central Ecuador, including Cordillera de Chongon Colonche in the southwest",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681939","rehbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehbar1","avibase-81825EC2",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/189/mode/1up","Micropogon Bourcierii"],["10020","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco bourcierii salvini","(Shelley, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 19 p.119 pl.5 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B019BF8E",null,null,"Costa Rica to Chiriquí.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34478#page/135/mode/1up","Capito salvini"],["10021","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco bourcierii anomalus","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and possibly adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C20F500",null,null,"Cana, Darien, Panama","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/249/mode/1up","Eubucco bourcieri anomalus"],["10022","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco bourcierii occidentalis","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.608",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D85FEC85",null,null,"San Antonio, 6600 feet. Western Andes above Cali, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Eubucco bourcieri occidentalis"],["10023","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco bourcierii bourcierii","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Colombia to western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD3A34EB",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/189/mode/1up","Micropogon Bourcierii"],["10024","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco bourcierii aequatorialis","(Salvadori & Festa, 1900)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 15, no.368 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains and western Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C068DD8",null,null,"Intac, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43398#page/34/mode/1up","Capito aequatorialis"],["10025","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Eubucco bourcierii orientalis","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Ecuador and northern Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-767EB43A",null,null,"Zamora, 2000 feet, Prov. Loja, Ecuador.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Eubucco bourcieri orientalis"],["10026","genus","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bucco niger [Statius Muller, 1776]; type by monotypy = Bucco niger Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f33.item","Capito"],["10027","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito quinticolor","Elliot, 1865","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.4 p.76 pl.4 fig.1","Five-colored Barbet","Five-colored Barbet","Five-colored Barbet",null,null,"western Colombia (Chocó) to far northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681920","ficbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ficbar1","avibase-D05AA6D7",null,null,"Colombia.","Rapport sur quelques acquisitions nouvelles faites par la Galerie ornithologique du Muséum adressé à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-administrateurs, le 17 octobre 1865.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/404/mode/1up","Capito quinticolor"],["10028","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito aurovirens","(Cuvier, 1829)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée 1 p.458","Scarlet-crowned Barbet","Scarlet-crowned Barbet","Scarlet-crowned Barbet",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681905","sccbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sccbar1","avibase-0E2B41D8",null,null,"Peru ex LeVaillant, Ois de Paradis, pl. E.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104184#page/510/mode/1up","Bucco aurovirens"],["10029","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito dayi","Cherrie, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.23 p.394","Black-girdled Barbet","Black-girdled Barbet","Black-girdled Barbet",null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil southward to eastern Bolivia and west-central Mato Grosso",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681917","blgbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blgbar1","avibase-26159E52",null,null,"Porto Velho, near San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","New Birds from the collection of the Collins-Day Expedition to South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1385","Capito dayi"],["10030","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito wallacei","O'Neill, Lane, Kratter et al., 2000","The Auk 117, no.3 p.569-577 [p.569]","Scarlet-banded Barbet","Scarlet-banded Barbet","Scarlet-banded Barbet","2025-0276","Taxon <em>fitzpatricki </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Capito wallacei</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage and bill depth. However, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Seeholzer et al. 2012) is low, and vocalizations appear similar; further research required.","northern Peru: very local on ridge crests of Cordillera Azul (eastern San Martín and southwestern Loreto)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729471","scbbar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbbar2","avibase-6C140C83",null,null,"about 77 km WNW of Contamana (ca. 7!05\"S, 75!39\"W), departamento Loreto, Peru, elevation 1,450 m; collected 20 July 1996 by Orlando Riva P.","A striking new species of Barbet (Capitoninae: Capito) from the eastern Andes of Peru","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol117/iss3/7/","Capito wallacei"],["10031","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito fitzpatricki","Seeholzer, Winger, Harvey et al., 2012","The Auk 129, no.3 p.551-559 [p. 552]","Sira Barbet","Sira Barbet","Sira Barbet","2025-0276","Taxon <em>fitzpatricki </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Capito wallacei</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage and bill depth. However, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Seeholzer et al. 2012) is low, and vocalizations appear similar; further research required.","southern Cerros del Sira, Ucayali, Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45359950","sirbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sirbar1","avibase-080577D1",null,null,"11,45 km westsüdwestlich der Mündung des Quebrada Shinipo, Cerros del Sira, Region Ucayali, Peru (10°31‘48‘‘S, 74°07‘12‘‘W); auf 1050m.","A new species of barbet (capitonidae: capito) from the cerros del sira, ucayali, peru","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/129/3/551/5148736","Capito fitzpatricki"],["10032","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito hypoleucus","Salvin, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.16","White-mantled Barbet","White-mantled Barbet","White-mantled Barbet",null,null,"humid forest in the lowlands of northern Colombia and in the foothills of the northernmost central Andes, Serranía de San Lucas, western slope of the eastern Andes and eastern slope of the central Andes in the Magdalena Valley southward to Tolima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681914","whmbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whmbar1","avibase-9DA6DE60",null,null,"Valdivia, 3800 feet, Antioquia, Colombia.","[Descriptions of five species of South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/454/mode/1up","Capito hypoleucus"],["10033","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito hypoleucus hypoleucus","Salvin, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of northwestern Colombia (Bolívar to Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BF0D519",null,null,"Valdivia, 3800 feet, Antioquia, Colombia.","[Descriptions of five species of South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/454/mode/1up","Capito hypoleucus"],["10034","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito hypoleucus carrikeri","Graves, 1986","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99 p.61-62",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Colombia (Botero area of Río Porce in Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E94D43BC",null,null,"Botero, Antioquia, Colombia, elev. 3600 ft. (1098 m)","Geographic variation in the White-mantled Barbet ( Capito hypoleucus) of Colombia (Aves: Capitonidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107581#page/80/mode/1up","Capito hypoleucus carrikeri"],["10035","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito hypoleucus extinctus","Graves, 1986","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99 p.61-62",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (Magdalena Valley in Caldas, Cundinamarca, and Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8C1938A",null,null,"Hacienda Sofia, Río Samana, Caldas, Colombia, elevation 3750 ft (1 143 m). Collected 21 May 1951 by M. A. Carriker, Jr.,","Geographic variation in the White-mantled Barbet ( Capito hypoleucus) of Colombia (Aves: Capitonidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107581#page/80/mode/1up","Capito hypoleucus extinctus"],["10036","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito squamatus","Salvin, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.24 p.494 pl.14","Orange-fronted Barbet","Orange-fronted Barbet","Orange-fronted Barbet",null,null,"far southwestern Colombia (southeastern Nariño) and western Ecuador (south to El Oro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681911","orfbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orfbar1","avibase-5A6490E2",null,null,"Santa Rita, Ecuador.","On some new Species of Birds from Western Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/522/mode/1up","Capito squamatus"],["10037","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito maculicoronatus","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.300","Spot-crowned Barbet","Spot-crowned Barbet","Spot-crowned Barbet",null,null,"humid forest in the lowlands of northern Panama, from Veraguas, eastward to the lowlands of northern Colombia, in Córdoba and Antioquia, and southward along the Pacific lowlands to Valle del Cauca, mostly north of the Rio San Juan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681908","spcbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spcbar1","avibase-CE90F9E3",null,null,"Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/320/mode/1up","Capito maculicoronatus"],["10038","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito maculicoronatus maculicoronatus","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama (Veraguas) eastward to Canal Zone",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6178CBE6",null,null,"Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/320/mode/1up","Capito maculicoronatus"],["10039","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito maculicoronatus rubrilateralis","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia (east to Antioquia and southward to Valle)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08B9A8C2",null,null,"Juntas de Tamana, 800 feet, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Capito maculicoronatus rubrilateralis"],["10040","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito niger","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.89","Black-spotted Barbet","Black-spotted Barbet","Black-spotted Barbet",null,null,"eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733719","blsbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blsbar1","avibase-59156D53",null,null,"No locality i=: Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/109/mode/1up","Bucco niger"],["10041","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito brunneipectus","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.2 p.1","Brown-chested Barbet","Brown-chested Barbet","Brown-chested Barbet",null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon between lower Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681929","brcbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcbar1","avibase-61A82845",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4603/","Capito brunneipectus"],["10042","species","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus","(Dumont, 1805)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 4 p.54","Gilded Barbet","Gilded Barbet","Gilded Barbet",null,null,"tropical rainforest from central Venezuela southward through eastern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru across the Amazon basin west of the Rio Negro in northern Brazil (Amazonas and Roraima) to northeastern and central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733724","gilbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gilbar1","avibase-6F0D3DCD",null,null,"Peru; Sarayaqu [= Sarayacu], Río Ucayali, suggested as the restricted type locality by Chapman, 1928, p. 5.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64178#page/62/mode/1up","Bucco auratus"],["10043","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus punctatus","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia along lower eastern Andes to central Peru (Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D70992D4",null,null,"No locality; Buenavista, Colombia suggested by Chapman, 1928, p. 10.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/203/mode/1up","Bucco punctatus"],["10044","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus aurantiicinctus","de Dalmas, 1900","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 25 p.177 Citation",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela (upper Río Orinoco region, western Bolívar, and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4FB1A51",null,null,"Río Caura, Venezuela.","Note sur quelques espèces d'oiseaux américains du genre Capito.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22268#page/211/mode/1up","Capito aurantiicinctus"],["10045","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus auratus","(Dumont, 1805)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 4 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (mouth of Río Napo south along Amazon River and Río Ucayali)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9118901",null,null,"Peru; Sarayaqu [= Sarayacu], Río Ucayali, suggested as the restricted type locality by Chapman, 1928, p. 5.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64178#page/62/mode/1up","Bucco auratus"],["10046","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus orosae","Chapman, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.335 p.3,8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Río Orosa to Río Javari, southward to far western Brazil in Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-680A0066",null,null,"Right bank of the Marañón near the mouth of the Orosa, Peru, opposite a point midway between Pebas and the mouth of the Napo.","Mutation in Capito auratus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4003/","Capito auratus orosae"],["10047","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus amazonicus","Deville & des Murs, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.161,171",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil south of the Amazon River from upper Rio Juruá eastward to Rio Purus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20F5E88A",null,null,"Ega and Santa Maria, Brazil ; Ega [now Tefe] fixed as type locality by Chapman, 1928, p. 7.","Notice sur le Barbu orangé du Pérou (Capito Pervianus); sur le Barbu de la Gnyane (C. erythrocephalus ou Cayanensis) et sur une variété intermédiaire ou espèce nouvelle (C. amazonicus ?)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/175/mode/1up","Capito amazonicus"],["10048","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus nitidior","Chapman, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.335 p.3,6",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to Peru/Brazil border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CE78AC1",null,null,"Tonantins, left bank of the Rio Solimões, below the mouth of the Putumayo, Brazil.","Mutation in Capito auratus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4003/","Capito auratus nitidior"],["10049","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus hypochondriacus","Chapman, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.335 p.3,15",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (Roraima along Rio Branco to Rio Negro and Amazon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED8F0E51",null,null,"Manacapuru, left bank of the Solimões near its junction with the Rio Negro, Brazil.","Mutation in Capito auratus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4003/","Capito auratus hypochondriacus"],["10050","subspecies","Piciformes","Capitonidae","New World Barbets","Capito auratus insperatus","Cherrie, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.23 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil (Calama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE799458",null,null,"Todos Santos, Río Chapare, Bolivia.","New Birds from the collection of the Collins-Day Expedition to South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1385","Capito auratus insperatus"],["10051","family","Piciformes","Semnornithidae","Prong-billed Barbet and Toucan Barbet","Semnornithidae",null,null,"Prong-billed Barbet and Toucan Barbet","Toucan-Barbets","Prong-billed Barbets",null,null,null,null,null,null,"semnor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semnor1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["10052","genus","Piciformes","Semnornithidae","Prong-billed Barbet and Toucan Barbet","Semnornis","Richmond, 1900","The Auk 17, no.2 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tetragonops ramphastinus [Jardine, 1855]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Some Necessary Changes in Nomenclature","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss2/32/","Semnornis"],["10053","species","Piciformes","Semnornithidae","Prong-billed Barbet and Toucan Barbet","Semnornis frantzii","(Sclater, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6 p.371 pl.10","Prong-billed Barbet","Prong-billed Barbet","Prong-billed Barbet",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681953","prbbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prbbar1","avibase-B27828B0",null,null,"Near San Jose, Costa Rica.","On a new Species of Tetragonops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/415/mode/1up","Tetragonops frantzii"],["10054","species","Piciformes","Semnornithidae","Prong-billed Barbet and Toucan Barbet","Semnornis ramphastinus","(Jardine, 1855)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 2 no.2 p.404","Toucan Barbet","Toucan Barbet","Toucan Barbet",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western Andes from northern Colombia, in southernmost Antioquia, southward to northern Ecuador, in Cotopaxi",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681956","toubar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/toubar1","avibase-0283EBE3",null,null,"Eastern Cordillera between Quito and Mt. Cayambe, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80091#page/426/mode/1up","Tetragonops ramphastinus"],["10055","subspecies","Piciformes","Semnornithidae","Prong-billed Barbet and Toucan Barbet","Semnornis ramphastinus caucae","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33A no.6 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of southwestern Colombia (Valle to Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39587F0D",null,null,"La Costa, Cauca district, western slope of the Western Andes, Colombia.","On some new or rare Birds, chiefly from south-western Colombia.",null,"Semnornis ramphastinus caucae"],["10056","subspecies","Piciformes","Semnornithidae","Prong-billed Barbet and Toucan Barbet","Semnornis ramphastinus ramphastinus","(Jardine, 1855)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 2 no.2 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern and west-central Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A31DEB71",null,null,"Eastern Cordillera between Quito and Mt. Cayambe, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80091#page/426/mode/1up","Tetragonops ramphastinus"],["10057","family","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastidae",null,null,"Toucans","Toucans","Toucans",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rampha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rampha1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["10058","genus","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ramphastos erythrorhynchus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Vigors, 1826, Zool. Journ., 2, p. 471). = Ramphastos tucanus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/121/mode/1up","Ramphastos"],["10059","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos toco","Müller, 1776","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.82","Toco Toucan","Toco Toucan","Toco Toucan",null,null,"varied drier, open woodland types of lowlands from the Guianas eastward to Piauí and southward through southeastern Peru (Pampas del Heath) and northern Argentina to Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682164","toctou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/toctou1","avibase-D42641C0",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/102/mode/1up","Ramphastos Toco"],["10060","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos toco toco","Müller, 1776","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94235C9D",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/102/mode/1up","Ramphastos Toco"],["10061","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos toco albogularis","Cabanis, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Pampas del Heath) and eastern and southern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Bolivia east through northern Argentina to Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2160167",null,null,"Southern Brazil.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Mai-Heft, S. 161-176.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/364/mode/1up","Ramphastos albogularis"],["10062","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos tucanus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.103","White-throated Toucan","White-throated Toucan",null,"2025-0937","Taxon <em>cuvieri </em>(polytypic, including <em>inca</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Ramphastos tucanus,</em> based on the presence of a broad zone of introgression between them (Haffer 1974), coupled with weak mitochondrial DNA differentiation and failure to recover the two taxa as monophyletic groups (Patané et al. 2009).","forest and edge of lowlands to hills of Amazonia and the Guianas from eastern Ecuador and Venezuela east through Maranhão (northeastern Brazil) and southward through central Bolivia and southern Mato Grosso do Sul",null,null,null,"whttou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttou1","avibase-04EDD122",null,null,"South America, restricted to Surinam by Griscom and Greenway, antea, p. 430.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/121/mode/1up","Ramphastos Tucanus"],["10063","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos tucanus tucanus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil east of Rio Negro and, south of the Amazon River, east of lower Rio Xingu in northern Pará and northern Maranhão",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1C48E20",null,null,"South America, restricted to Surinam by Griscom and Greenway, antea, p. 430.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/121/mode/1up","Ramphastos Tucanus"],["10064","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.3,  sp.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, western Amazonian Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CF5D540",null,null,"Brazil, on the Amazon; restricted to Borba, Rio Madeira by Griscom and Greenway, antea, p. 429.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/45/mode/1up","Ramphastos Cuvieri"],["10065","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos tucanus inca","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.162 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBF71257",null,null,"Chimoree in the country of the Yuracares Indians, Bolivia.","Descriptions of six new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/436/mode/1up","Ramphastos Inca"],["10066","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos ambiguus","Swainson, 1823","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.3, no.33 pl.168,text","Yellow-throated Toucan","Yellow-throated Toucan","Yellow-throated Toucan",null,null,"humid forest from easternmost Honduras southeastward along the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica to the lowlands of northern Colombia, and in the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica and westernmost Panama; in South America west of the Andes southward to far northwest Peru, in Tumbes; in central Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley to Tolima; also in foothills and slopes of the Andes in western Venezuela and Sierra de Perijá southward along the eastern Andes of Colombia southeastward to eastern Peru, in Junín; an isolated population in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela in Yaracuy and Miranda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727999","bkmtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkmtou1","avibase-7C99DFAB",null,null,"No locality = Buenavista, Colombia, by designation of Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1917, p. 328.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92676#page/303/mode/1up","Ramphastos ambiguus"],["10067","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii","Gould, 1833","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.6 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of northern Honduras to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA694FB8",null,null,"Mountains of Colombia.","Exhibition of three species of Toucan, hitherto apparently undescribed, which form part of the Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/83/mode/1up","Rhamphastos Swainsonii"],["10068","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos ambiguus ambiguus","Swainson, 1823","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.3, no.33 pl.168,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes from southern Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley) to central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29958E92",null,null,"No locality = Buenavista, Colombia, by designation of Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1917, p. 328.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92676#page/303/mode/1up","Ramphastos ambiguus"],["10069","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos ambiguus abbreviatus","Cabanis, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (west slope of the eastern Andes southward to the central Magdalena Valley) and northwestern and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4001B444",null,null,"Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Mai-Heft, S. 161-176.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/364/mode/1up","Ramphastos abbreviatus"],["10070","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos dicolorus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.152","Red-breasted Toucan","Red-breasted Toucan","Red-breasted Toucan",null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682129","rebtou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebtou2","avibase-6BACED1E",null,null,"Cayenne, error = southeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/156/mode/1up","Ramphastos dicolorus"],["10071","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos vitellinus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.7","Channel-billed Toucan","Channel-billed Toucan",null,"2025-1189","<em>Ramphastos vitellinus</em> is treated as a single polytypic species based on available evidence. Sometimes split into 2 or 4 species based on differences in plumage, bill color, and iris color; however, vocal differences have not been properly documented, introgressive hybridisation appears to be extensive, and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Patané et al. 2009) show evidence of mtDNA capture leading to paraphyly of taxon <em>ariel</em>. A recent genomic DNA analysis (Ostrow et al. 2023a) suggests there are five deeply diverged lineages within <em>R. vitellinus</em>; further research is desirable.","tropical rainforest in the lowlands of northern Colombia, including the Magdalena Valley southward to Boyacá, eastward to the lowlands of western Venezuela, and to the eastern slope of the Andes of Venezuela southward across Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia; in northern South America from Trinidad south and eastward across eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas, to the entire Amazon basin of Brazil, southward to Mato Grosso do Sul; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Pernambuco southward to Santa Catarina",null,null,null,"chbtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbtou1","avibase-5C18D846",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/27/mode/1up","Ramphastos vitellinus"],["10072","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos vitellinus culminatus","Gould, 1833","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.6 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"upper Amazonia from western Venezuela to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8163B64B",null,null,"Mexico, error = Rio Solimões, Brazil, by designation of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 101.","Exhibition of three species of Toucan, hitherto apparently undescribed, which form part of the Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/84/mode/1up","Rhamphastos culminatus"],["10073","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos vitellinus vitellinus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela to Trinidad, the Guianas, and Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7F57EE0",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/27/mode/1up","Ramphastos vitellinus"],["10074","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos vitellinus ariel","Vigors, 1826","The Zoological Journal 2, no.8 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBDA00ED",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro.","L. Sketches in Ornithology ; or, Observations on the leading Affinities of some of the more extensive groups of Birds. (Continued from p. 405.)'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/492/mode/1up","Ramphastos ariel"],["10075","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos vitellinus citreolaemus","Gould, 1844","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.130 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A56AC7CA",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Exhibition of a series of Toucans and description of two new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/515/mode/1up","Ramphastos citreolaemus"],["10076","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos brevis","Meyer de Schauensee, 1945","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 97 p.14","Choco Toucan","Choco Toucan","Choco Toucan",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682105","chotou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chotou1","avibase-D332D1C1",null,null,"Río Mechengue, 2500 feet, Cauca, Colombia.","Notes on Colombian birds.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064377","Ramphastos ambiguus brevis"],["10077","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos sulfuratus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.173","Keel-billed Toucan","Keel-billed Toucan","Keel-billed Toucan",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest in the Gulf of Mexico slope in central Mexico, from Veracruz and adjacent Puebla eastward across most Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to the lowlands of northern South America in northern Colombia and westernmost Venezuela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682102","kebtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kebtou1","avibase-BB0FBBA4",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/211/mode/1up","Ramphastos sulfuratus"],["10078","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED935EE4",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/211/mode/1up","Ramphastos sulfuratus"],["10079","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus","Gould, 1854","A monograph of the Ramphastidæ, or family of toucans, rev. ed. Ed.2 pl.3,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Guatemala to northern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1EABDBB",null,null,"Western side of the Isthmus of Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/263319#page/43/mode/1up","Ramphastos brevicarinatus"],["10080","genus","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.202",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ramphastos aracari [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 50).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/226/mode/1up","Pteroglossus"],["10081","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus bailloni","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.283","Saffron Toucanet","Saffron Toucanet","Saffron Toucanet",null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682044","saftou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saftou2","avibase-13435110",null,null,"No locality = Brazil ex LeVaillant, Hist. Nat. Toucans, no. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/301/mode/1up","Ramphastos Bailloni"],["10082","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus viridis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.150","Green Aracari","Green Aracari","Green Araçari",null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681994","greara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greara1","avibase-10FE38DF",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/154/mode/1up","Ramphastos viridis"],["10083","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus inscriptus","Swainson, 1822","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.17 pl.90,text","Lettered Aracari","Lettered Aracari",null,"2025-0944","Taxon <em>humboldti </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pteroglossus inscriptus</em> based on available evidence. These taxa differ in size, minor plumage traits, and bill color patterns, and there is evidence that they hybridize along the Rio Madeira (Haffer 1974). Although mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Patel et al. 2011; Ostrow et al. 2023a), divergence in genomic data (Ostrow et al. 2023a) is more pronounced; further research may support species recognition.","tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to eastern Peru and northern and central Bolivia, and eastward across the Brazilian Amazon (to Maranhão and Piauí, but not north of the Amazon River from the Rio Negro eastward); also in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil (Alagoas and Pernambuco)",null,null,null,"letara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/letara1","avibase-1B7DFB64",null,null,"Interior of Guiana; error =: Pará, by designation of Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 399.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/153/mode/1up","Pteroglossus inscriptus"],["10084","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus inscriptus inscriptus","Swainson, 1822","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.17 pl.90,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Madeira, southward to eastern Bolivia and eastward to Maranhão and northwestern Piauí, also northeastern Brazil in Pernambuco and Alagoas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0B61550",null,null,"Interior of Guiana; error =: Pará, by designation of Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 399.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/153/mode/1up","Pteroglossus inscriptus"],["10085","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus inscriptus humboldti","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia, from southern Colombia east, north of the Amazon River, narrowly to the mouth of the Rio Negro, and, southward to northwestern Bolivia and east, south of the Amazon River, to the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45FA2A61",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/51/mode/1up","Pteroglossus Humboldti"],["10086","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus azara","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.282","Ivory-billed Aracari","Ivory-billed Aracari","Ivory-billed Araçari","2025-0942","Taxon <em>mariae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pteroglossus azara,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Members of this complex differ only in bill color, areas of apparent introgression have been reported for all taxon pairs (Haffer 1974), and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data suggest that <em>mariae </em>is sister to <em>flavirostris, </em>making <em>azara </em>paraphyletic (Patel et al. 2011). Further research would be informative.","western and central Amazonia, from eastern Ecuador through southern Venezuela to Roraima (northwestern Brazil), and southward through central Bolivia and eastern Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735207","ivbara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ivbara1","avibase-E8654FA3",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/300/mode/1up","Ramphastos Azara"],["10087","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus azara flavirostris","Fraser, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.90 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Ecuador, northeastern Peru, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil eastward to Roraima (south to northern bank of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C8E0ABD",null,null,"Rio Negro on the Amazon; = Rio Solimões, Brazil, substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 101.","On some new Species of Birds from the Collection of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/783/mode/1up","Pteroglossus flavirostris"],["10088","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus azara azara","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil in Amazonas, between Rio Negro and Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27B594DA",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/300/mode/1up","Ramphastos Azara"],["10089","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus azara mariae","Gould, 1854","A monograph of the Ramphastidæ, or family of toucans, rev. ed. Ed.2 pl.30,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and western Brazil south of the Amazon River to north-central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B67CB8F6",null,null,"Lower Amazon; 'Peruvian Amazons' substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 83.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/263319#page/151/mode/1up","Pteroglossus mariae"],["10090","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus beauharnaisii","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.280","Curl-crested Aracari","Curl-crested Aracari","Curl-crested Araçari","2025-N060","The original spelling <em>beauharnaisii </em>is here retained as correct. Much controversy has surrounded the use of a subsequent spelling \"<em>beauharnaesii</em>\", which—at times—was used more frequently than the original spelling. Disagreements over the correct application of <em>beauharnaesii </em>notwithstanding, usage proportions have shifted greatly since the argument unfolded. The continued use of the original spelling therefore seems well-advised.","eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682041","cucara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cucara1","avibase-C98EC8FF",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil; upper Amazonian region of eastern Peru substituted by Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Sen, 13, pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 373, note a.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/158/mode/1up","Pteroglossus Beauharnaesii"],["10091","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus bitorquatus","Vigors, 1826","The Zoological Journal 2, no.8 p.481 Suppl. pl.17","Red-necked Aracari","Red-necked Aracari",null,"2025-0943","Taxon <em>sturmii </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pteroglossus bitorquatus</em> based on available evidence. Reported to differ only in the colors of the iris and the bill, and photographic evidence suggests that these traits frequently do not assort in tandem, and divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Patel et al. 2011) is relatively weak. Further research in areas of contact may be informative.","northeast Brazil, south of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Madeira to the mouth of the Amazon River, south as far as northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,"renara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renara1","avibase-ECBCE9EB",null,null,"No locality = northeastern Brazil.","L. Sketches in Ornithology ; or, Observations on the leading Affinities of some of the more extensive groups of Birds. (Continued from p. 405.)'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/507/mode/1up","Pteroglossus bitorquatus"],["10092","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus bitorquatus sturmii","Natterer, 1842","J. Gould's Monographie der Ramphastiden oder Tukanartigen Voegel. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt, mit Zusätzen und einigen neuen Arten vermehrt Heft3 p.3 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil south of the Amazon River (between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós, southward to Rondônia) to eastern Bolivia and Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC70352C",null,null,"Borba, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135881#page/115/mode/1up","Pteroglossus sturmii"],["10093","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus bitorquatus reichenowi","Snethlage, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (between Rio Tapajós and Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D32E8285",null,null,"Monte Alegre, lower Amazon.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/213/mode/1up","Pteroglossus reichenowi"],["10094","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus bitorquatus bitorquatus","Vigors, 1826","The Zoological Journal 2, no.8 p.481 Suppl. pl.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon east of Rio Tocantins to Maranhão",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06F4A940",null,null,"No locality = northeastern Brazil.","L. Sketches in Ornithology ; or, Observations on the leading Affinities of some of the more extensive groups of Birds. (Continued from p. 405.)'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/507/mode/1up","Pteroglossus bitorquatus"],["10095","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus castanotis","Gould, 1834","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.11 p.119","Chestnut-eared Aracari","Chestnut-eared Aracari","Chestnut-eared Araçari",null,null,"varied forest and woodland types of lowlands and hills from western and central Amazonia southward to Paraná forest region, from eastern Colombia (on Venezuela border) eastward to western Minas Gerais, in southern to central Bolivia, and southeastward to eastern Paraguay and southern Rio Grande do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682014","cheara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cheara1","avibase-76642513",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to the Rio Solimões by Hellmayr.","Exhibition of a Toucan, hitherto undescribed.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/133/mode/1up","Pteroglossus castanotis"],["10096","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus castanotis castanotis","Gould, 1834","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.11 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, southeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil (along north bank of the Amazon River to lower Rio Negro, to Acre and southern Amazonas eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFF81EBC",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to the Rio Solimões by Hellmayr.","Exhibition of a Toucan, hitherto undescribed.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/133/mode/1up","Pteroglossus castanotis"],["10097","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus castanotis australis","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to western and southeastern Brazil (south of Amazon), eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89C853C6",null,null,"Rio Paraná.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/122/mode/1up","Pteroglossus castanotis australis"],["10098","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus pluricinctus","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.157","Many-banded Aracari","Many-banded Aracari","Many-banded Araçari",null,null,"northeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682038","mabara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabara1","avibase-6D83E2D8",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to the Rio Solimões by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 101.","Characters of New Toucans and Araçaris (Ramphastidae), with a Synoptic Table of the Species of the Family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/335/mode/1up","Pteroglossus pluricinctus"],["10099","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus aracari","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.104","Black-necked Aracari","Black-necked Aracari","Black-necked Araçari",null,null,"varied forest and edge types of lowlands and hills of eastern Amazonia and the Guianas from northeastern Venezuela eastward to Piauí and southward to northern Mato Grosso; also eastern Brazil from Alagoas southward to Paraná",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682017","blnara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnara1","avibase-D153FC18",null,null,"'America meridionali' = Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/122/mode/1up","Ramphastos Aracari"],["10100","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus aracari atricollis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela and the Guianas to northern Brazil (south to Amazon River and westward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71A0238B",null,null,"Brazil; error = Cayenne by substitution of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 102.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/103/mode/1up","Ramphastos atricollis"],["10101","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus aracari aracari","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunct populations in north-central, eastern, and southeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River, from Rio Madeira eastward to Maranhão and southward to northeastern Mato Grosso and Gois; eastern Pernambuco and eastern Alagoas; and Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B526AD0B",null,null,"'America meridionali' = Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/122/mode/1up","Ramphastos Aracari"],["10102","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus aracari wiedii","Sturm & Sturm, 1847","J. Gould's Monographie der Ramphastiden oder Tukanartigen Voegel. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt, mit Zusätzen und einigen neuen Arten vermehrtFALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9146D66",null,null,"Southern Brazil; Rio de Janeiro designated as type locality by Pinto, 1938, p. 329.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/263319#page/94/mode/1up","Pteroglossus wiedii"],["10103","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus erythropygius","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.15","Pale-mandibled Aracari","Pale-mandibled Aracari",null,"2025-0941","Three species are recognized in the Collared/Fiery-billed Aracari complex (<em>Pteroglossus torquatus/P. frantzii</em>) based mostly on patterns of genetic divergence (Eberhard &amp; Bermingham 2005; Patel et al. 2011) and extent of hybridization at contact zones (Haffer 1967, 1974; Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001): polytypic <em>Pteroglossus torquatus</em> (including <em>erythrozonus </em>and <em>nuchalis</em>), which is the most distinctive taxon based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data and forms a narrow hybrid zone with <em>P. erythropygius sanguineus</em>; monotypic <em>P. frantzii </em>that is parapatric, or narrowly sympatric, with<em> P. torquatus</em> without evidence of hybridization; and polytypic <em>P. erythropygius</em>, including <em>sanguineus</em>, as these taxa appear to form a narrow hybrid zone and exhibit minimal mtDNA divergence from each other. Further research based on nuclear or genomic data would be informative.","humid to semi-humid forest from far eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia southward along the Pacific slope and lowlands across Ecuador to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,"pamara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pamara1","avibase-F15523C6",null,null,"No locality = Realejo, Central America, ex Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Sulphur', Bds, 1844, p. 46; error = Ecuador.","Exhibition and description of two new species of Birds, from the collection formed by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., during the voyage of Her Majesty's Ship 'Sulphur'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/383/mode/1up","Pteroglossus erythropygius"],["10104","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus erythropygius sanguineus","Gould, 1854","A monograph of the Ramphastidæ, or family of toucans, rev. ed. Ed.2 pl.21,text fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Ecuador (northern Esmeraldas and adjacent Imbabura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89DA438E",null,null,"No locality given; San Jose, western Colombia suggested by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 333.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/263319#page/115/mode/1up","Pteroglossus sanguineus"],["10105","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus erythropygius erythropygius","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador (western Esmeraldas southward to El Oro) and northwestern Peru (eastern Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-897C1A75",null,null,"No locality = Realejo, Central America, ex Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Sulphur', Bds, 1844, p. 46; error = Ecuador.","Exhibition and description of two new species of Birds, from the collection formed by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., during the voyage of Her Majesty's Ship 'Sulphur'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/383/mode/1up","Pteroglossus erythropygius"],["10106","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus frantzii","Cabanis, 1861","Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin [no p.]","Fiery-billed Aracari","Fiery-billed Aracari","Fiery-billed Araçari","2025-0941","Three species are recognized in the Collared/Fiery-billed Aracari complex (<em>Pteroglossus torquatus/P. frantzii</em>) based mostly on patterns of genetic divergence (Eberhard &amp; Bermingham 2005; Patel et al. 2011) and extent of hybridization at contact zones (Haffer 1967, 1974; Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001): polytypic <em>Pteroglossus torquatus</em> (including <em>erythrozonus </em>and <em>nuchalis</em>), which is the most distinctive taxon based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data and forms a narrow hybrid zone with <em>P. erythropygius sanguineus</em>; monotypic <em>P. frantzii </em>that is parapatric, or narrowly sympatric, with<em> P. torquatus</em> without evidence of hybridization; and polytypic <em>P. erythropygius</em>, including <em>sanguineus</em>, as these taxa appear to form a narrow hybrid zone and exhibit minimal mtDNA divergence from each other. Further research based on nuclear or genomic data would be informative.","Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682028","fibara1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibara1","avibase-9230DF7D",null,null,"Costa Rica, type from Aguacate.",null,null,"Pteroglossus Frantzii"],["10107","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus torquatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.354","Collared Aracari","Collared Aracari","Collared Araçari","2025-0941","Three species are recognized in the Collared/Fiery-billed Aracari complex (<em>Pteroglossus torquatus/P. frantzii</em>) based mostly on patterns of genetic divergence (Eberhard &amp; Bermingham 2005; Patel et al. 2011) and extent of hybridization at contact zones (Haffer 1967, 1974; Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001): polytypic <em>Pteroglossus torquatus</em> (including <em>erythrozonus </em>and <em>nuchalis</em>), which is the most distinctive taxon based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data and forms a narrow hybrid zone with <em>P. erythropygius sanguineus</em>; monotypic <em>P. frantzii </em>that is parapatric, or narrowly sympatric, with<em> P. torquatus</em> without evidence of hybridization; and polytypic <em>P. erythropygius</em>, including <em>sanguineus</em>, as these taxa appear to form a narrow hybrid zone and exhibit minimal mtDNA divergence from each other. Further research based on nuclear or genomic data would be informative.","humid and semi-humid forest on the Gulf of Mexico slope from Veracruz eastward to the northern lowlands of Panama, including most Yucatan Peninsula, and on the Pacific slope from Oaxaca eastward to eastern Costa Rica; in South America in the lowlands of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726200","colara2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colara2","avibase-542B4FCB",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Veracruz by Brodkorb, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/366/mode/1up","Ramphastos torquatus"],["10108","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus torquatus torquatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to far northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB4624AC",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Veracruz by Brodkorb, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/366/mode/1up","Ramphastos torquatus"],["10109","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus torquatus erythrozonus","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula to Belize and Petén of northeastern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AFCF25E",null,null,"Temax, Yucatan.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/120/mode/1up","Pteroglossus torquatus erythrozonus"],["10110","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Pteroglossus torquatus nuchalis","Cabanis, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33F3C30F",null,null,"Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Mai-Heft, S. 161-176.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/362/mode/1up","Pteroglossus nuchalis"],["10111","genus","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.24 p.147,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pteroglossus sulcatus [Swainson, 1820]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 50).  ",null,"Characters of a New Species of Toucan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/159/mode/1up","Aulacorhynchus"],["10112","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus","(Gould, 1833)","A monograph of the Ramphastidæ, or family of toucans Pt1 pl.29,text","Northern Emerald Toucanet","Northern Emerald-Toucanet",null,"2025-0938","The seven taxa in the <em>Aulacorhynchus prasinus</em> complex are treated as conspecific based on available evidence. Sometimes split into three (e.g., Winker 2016) or four (Navarro-Sigüenza et al. 2001) species based on a combination of plumage and bill color differences; however, vocal differences have not been well-documented, and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Puebla-Olivares et al. 2008; Bonaccorso et al. 2011) indicate relatively modest divergences consistent with subspecific differentiation in <em>A. albivitta</em>, and suggest that<em> A. caeruleogularis</em> would be paraphyletic (Puebla-Olivares et al. 2008) if it included <em>cognatus </em>as proposed by Winker (2016).","humid to semi-humid forest in the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes of Mexico from Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero eastward to eastern Oaxaca, including Sierra de los Tuxtlas, and in central-east Mexico from easternmost Oaxaca and Chiapas eastward across interior Quintana Roo and Belize to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and western Nicaragua; also in the mountains of northwestern Costa Rica eastward to easternmost Panama and adjacent Colombia in Cerro Tacarcuna",null,null,null,"noremt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noremt1","avibase-20DB2669",null,null,"Mexico = Valle Real fide Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, 20, 1913, p. 255.","Characters of the Genera and Species of the Family Ramphastidae, Vig..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135881#page/31/mode/1up","Pteroglossus prasinus"],["10113","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus wagleri","(Sturm & Sturm, 1841)","J. Gould's Monographie der Ramphastiden oder Tukanartigen Voegel. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt, mit Zusätzen und einigen neuen Arten vermehrt pl.16,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre del Sur of southwestern Mexico (Guerrero and southwestern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A785F55",null,null,"No locality =: Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135881#page/71/mode/1up","Pteroglossus wagleri"],["10114","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus warneri","Winker, 2000","Ornitología Neotropical 11, no.3 p.253-257",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico (Sierra de Los Tuxtlas in southern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AED2D47E",null,null,"Volcán San Martín (1128–1372 m), Sierra de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico","A new subspecies of Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) from Veracruz, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol11/iss3/15/","Aulacorhynchus prasinus warneri"],["10115","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus prasinus","(Gould, 1833)","A monograph of the Ramphastidæ, or family of toucans Pt1 pl.29,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Veracruz, adjacent San Luis Potosí, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A250C0F",null,null,"Mexico = Valle Real fide Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, 20, 1913, p. 255.","Characters of the Genera and Species of the Family Ramphastidae, Vig..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135881#page/31/mode/1up","Pteroglossus prasinus"],["10116","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus virescens","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, western El Salvador, Honduras, and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DC9D9FE",null,null,"Chasniguas, Honduras.","Descriptions of some new species and subspecies from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/120/mode/1up","Aulacorhynchus prasinus virescens"],["10117","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus volcanius","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, no.1 p.50,53 fig.1b",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern El Salvador (Volcán San Miguel)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EAD9EDC",null,null,"Volcán San Miguel, 3000 feet, Dept. San Miguel, El Salvador.","Geographic variation in Aulacorhynchus prasinus (Gould).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb02955.x","Aulacorhynchus prasinus volcanius"],["10118","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus caeruleogularis","Gould, 1853","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.250 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western and central Panama (east to western Panamá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CCF0E83",null,null,"Veragua; restricted to Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriquí, by Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 141, 1924, p. 2.","Description of a New Species of Aulacorhamphus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/73/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus caeruleogularis"],["10119","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus prasinus cognatus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Panama (Darién) and adjacent Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA6C6887",null,null,"Mt. Pirri, 5000 feet, head of the Río Limon, Darien.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/46/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus caeruleigularis cognatus"],["10120","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.70","Southern Emerald Toucanet","Southern Emerald-Toucanet",null,"2025-0939","Taxa <em>atrogularis </em>(polytypic, including <em>dimidiatus</em>) and <em>cyanolaemus </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Aulacorhynchus albivitta</em> pending further research. Sometimes split into 2 or 3 species based on plumage, bill color, and facial bare parts color. However, the proposed splits do not align with patterns of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Puebla-Olivares et al. 2008; Bonaccorso et al. 2011; Winker 2016), genetic data are lacking for some taxa, vocal differences remain poorly documented, and reports of hybridization and gene flow require more detailed study.","montane cloudforest in Sierra de Perijá, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the Andes of western Venezuela southward along the central and eastern Andes of Colombia to far northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and west of the Andes southward to southern Colombia, mostly north of the Río Patía in Cauca; in Peru south of the Río Marañón southward along the Andes to central Bolivia (westernmost Santa Cruz), including lowlands locally in Ucayali and Madre de Dios eastward to adjacent Brazil (Acre and adjacent Rondônia) and northernmost Bolivia (Pando)",null,null,null,"souemt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souemt1","avibase-8E12984D",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/80/mode/1up","Pteroglossus albivitta"],["10121","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta lautus","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DB06F66",null,null,"San Miguel, 7500 feet, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/199/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus lautus"],["10122","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta griseigularis","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.639",null,null,null,null,null,"northern end of western Andes and west slope of central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD7AC590",null,null,"Santa Elena, 9000 feet, Central Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Aulocorhynchus albivitta griseigularis"],["10123","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta phaeolaemus","Gould, 1874","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.14, no.81 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AA0828F",null,null,"Concordia in Colombia and Mérida in Venezuela; Western Andes, Colombia fixed by Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, p. 1213, note.","XXV. On three new Species of Toucans pertaining to the Genus Aulacorhamphus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53304#page/198/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus phaeolaemus"],["10124","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta albivitta","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Andes of Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9578239",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/80/mode/1up","Pteroglossus albivitta"],["10125","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta cyanolaemus","(Gould, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BC70F00",null,null,"Loxa [i.e. Loja], Ecuador.","Description of a New Species of Toucan belonging to the Genus Aulacoramphus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/48/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus cyanolaemus"],["10126","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta dimidiatus","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of the Andes and adjacent western Amazonia in southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E67D9C3",null,null,"Locality unknown. Interior of Venezuela","Descriptions of two new species of birds supposed to be from the interior of Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/8/","Aulacorhamphus dimidiatus"],["10127","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus albivitta atrogularis","(Sturm & Sturm, 1841)","J. Gould's Monographie der Ramphastiden oder Tukanartigen Voegel. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt, mit Zusätzen und einigen neuen Arten vermehrt pl.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes from central Peru to Bolivia (south to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDDA4EF4",null,null,"Andes of Peru; Chanchamayo, central Peru, designated by Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, 1919, p. 380, note a.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135881#page/78/mode/1up","Pteroglossus atrogularis"],["10128","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis","d'Orbigny, 1841","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.66, fig.2","Blue-banded Toucanet","Blue-banded Toucanet","Blue-banded Toucanet",null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Huánuco) to southern Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681984","blbtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtou1","avibase-697EA51C",null,null,"Yancache, Chupe and Irupana, Province of Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/185/mode/1up","Aulacorhynchus coerulei-cinctis"],["10129","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus huallagae","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.5","Yellow-browed Toucanet","Yellow-browed Toucanet","Yellow-browed Toucanet",null,null,"locally in mountains of northern Peru (San Martín and La Libertad)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681981","yebtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtou1","avibase-0224509A",null,null,"Utcubamba, 6000 feet, Dept. Libertad, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Aulacorhynchus huallagae"],["10130","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus haematopygus","(Gould, 1835)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.24 p.147","Crimson-rumped Toucanet","Crimson-rumped Toucanet","Crimson-rumped Toucanet",null,null,"humid and cloudforest in Sierra de Perijá and the far southwestern Andes of Venezuela southward along the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia; in the east southward to northeastern Ecuador, in the west southward along the western Andes of Ecuador, including the coastal Cordillera Mache Chindul and Chongon Colonche, to southernmost Ecuador, in Loja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681978","crrtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crrtou1","avibase-23DB8356",null,null,"No locality given; Concordia, Antioquia, Colombia, designated by Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, 1919, p. 378, note d.","Characters of a New Species of Toucan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/159/mode/1up","Pteroglossus haematopygus"],["10131","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus haematopygus haematopygus","(Gould, 1835)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2, no.24 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and Sierra de Perijá (western Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B895572",null,null,"No locality given; Concordia, Antioquia, Colombia, designated by Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, 1919, p. 378, note d.","Characters of a New Species of Toucan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/159/mode/1up","Pteroglossus haematopygus"],["10132","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus haematopygus sexnotatus","Gould, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and Andes of western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80AF566E",null,null,"Peru?","On four New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/273/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus sexnotatus"],["10133","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus whitelianus","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.83","Tepui Toucanet","Tepui Toucanet","Tepui Toucanet",null,null,"humid foothill forest in the tepuis of central and southern Venezuela, southern Guyana, far northern Brazil in Roraima, and western Suriname",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727094","chttou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chttou2","avibase-7E9EAE09",null,null,"Merume Mts., British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/115/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus whitelianus"],["10134","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus whitelianus duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Venezuela (Amazonas and western Bolívar) and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF369A91",null,null,"Aguita, 3250 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Aulacorhynchus derbianus duidae"],["10135","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus whitelianus whitelianus","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Venezuela (southeastern Bolívar) and northern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B88FA74",null,null,"Merume Mts., British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/115/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus whitelianus"],["10136","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus whitelianus osgoodi","Blake, 1941","Fieldiana Zoology 24 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guyana (Acary Mountains) and Suriname (Wilhelmina Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DF3E2B5",null,null,"Boundary Camp, 2000 feet, head of Itabu Creek, Acary Mts., British Guiana.","Two new birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20951#page/8/mode/1up","Aulacorhynchus derbianus osgoodi"],["10137","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus derbianus","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.28 p.49","Chestnut-tipped Toucanet","Chestnut-tipped Toucanet","Chestnut-tipped Toucanet",null,null,"far southern Colombia along east slope of Andes to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727086","chttou3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chttou3","avibase-D47AF774",null,null,"No locality.","On New Species of Toucans (Ramphastidae, Vig.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/227/mode/1up","Aulacorhynchus Derbianus"],["10138","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus sulcatus","(Swainson, 1820)","The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts 9 p.267","Groove-billed Toucanet","Groove-billed Toucanet",null,"2025-0940","Taxon <em>calorhynchus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Aulacorhynchus sulcatus</em> based on weak mitochondrial DNA divergence (Bonaccorso et al. 2011), evidence of hybridization at geographically intermediate localities, and similarities in vocalizations (Schwartz 1972).","cloudforest in the slopes of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perijá of northern Colombia eastward to the Andes of Venezuela and locally in northeasternmost Andes of Colombia in Arauca, and in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela from easternmost Zulia eastward to the Paría Peninsula",null,null,null,"grbtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbtou1","avibase-CE8B2BCA",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52075#page/281/mode/1up","Pteroglossus sulcatus"],["10139","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus sulcatus sulcatus","(Swainson, 1820)","The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts 9 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Falcón to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7E7EADB",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52075#page/281/mode/1up","Pteroglossus sulcatus"],["10140","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus sulcatus erythrognathus","Gould, 1874","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.14, no.81 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-541090BC",null,null,"Caripe, Venezuela.","XXV. On three new Species of Toucans pertaining to the Genus Aulacorhamphus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53304#page/198/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus erythrognathus"],["10141","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Aulacorhynchus sulcatus calorhynchus","Gould, 1874","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.14, no.81 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia) and Sierra de Perijá (western Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48DA6E65",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","XXV. On three new Species of Toucans pertaining to the Genus Aulacorhamphus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53304#page/197/mode/1up","Aulacorhamphus calorhynchus"],["10142","genus","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena","Gould, 1851","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.206 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pteroglossus hypoglaucus [Gould, 1833]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 85).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/137/mode/1up","Andigena"],["10143","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena cucullata","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.162 p.69","Hooded Mountain Toucan","Hooded Mountain-Toucan","Hooded Mountain-toucan",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682061","homtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/homtou1","avibase-D5746888",null,null,"Forests of Cocapata, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of six new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/437/mode/1up","Pteroglossus cucullatus"],["10144","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena hypoglauca","(Gould, 1833)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.6 p.70","Grey-breasted Mountain Toucan","Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan","Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the central Andes of Colombia southward along the eastern Andes of Ecuador, locally to the western Andes in southern Ecuador (in Azuay and El Oro), to northernmost Peru; and in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Río Marañón, southeastward to eastern Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682055","gybmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybmot1","avibase-B02554D8",null,null,"No locality; Colombia designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1, 1912, p. 157.","Exhibition of three species of Toucan, hitherto apparently undescribed, which form part of the Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/84/mode/1up","Pteroglossus hypoglaucus"],["10145","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena hypoglauca hypoglauca","(Gould, 1833)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.6 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia to eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-661F7DD6",null,null,"No locality; Colombia designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1, 1912, p. 157.","Exhibition of three species of Toucan, hitherto apparently undescribed, which form part of the Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/84/mode/1up","Pteroglossus hypoglaucus"],["10146","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena hypoglauca lateralis","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-888ED156",null,null,"Rumicruz, 9700 feet, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Andigena hypoglaucus lateralis"],["10147","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena laminirostris","Gould, 1851","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.206 p.93","Plate-billed Mountain Toucan","Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan","Plate-billed Mountain-toucan",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia to southern Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682050","pbmtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pbmtou1","avibase-2EF3405B",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/137/mode/1up","Andigena laminirostris"],["10148","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena nigrirostris","(Waterhouse, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.79 p.111","Black-billed Mountain Toucan","Black-billed Mountain-Toucan","Black-billed Mountain-toucan",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of western Venezuela southwestward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia, and along the eastern Andes of Ecuador to far northern Peru, in Cajamarca and easternmost Piura, north of the Río Marañón",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682066","bbmtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbmtou1","avibase-64516AE0",null,null,"No locality; Subia, near La Mesa, Colombia, designated by Chapman, antea, 1917, p. 331.","Description of a New Species of Toucan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/641/mode/1up","Pteroglossus nigrirostris"],["10149","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena nigrirostris occidentalis","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-841FA45D",null,null,"San Antonio, 6600 feet. Western Andes above Cali, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Andigena nigrirostris occidentalis"],["10150","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena nigrirostris spilorhynchus","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.356 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of southern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador; recorded from northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-871920A3",null,null,"'Forest of Beza, on the eastern side of the Cordillera in Ecuador.'","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Toucan received from Professor Jameson of Quito].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/201/mode/1up","Andigena spilorhynchus"],["10151","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Andigena nigrirostris nigrirostris","(Waterhouse, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.79 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B61B982B",null,null,"No locality; Subia, near La Mesa, Colombia, designated by Chapman, antea, 1917, p. 331.","Description of a New Species of Toucan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/641/mode/1up","Pteroglossus nigrirostris"],["10152","genus","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera","Gould, 1837","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.1 pl.7,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pteroglossus gouldii [Natterer, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 50).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/35/mode/1up","Selenidera"],["10153","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera spectabilis","Cassin, 1858","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.214","Yellow-eared Toucanet","Yellow-eared Toucanet","Yellow-eared Toucanet",null,null,"humid forest of Honduras to far northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682071","yeetou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeetou1","avibase-ABE76F69",null,null,"Cucuyos de Veragua, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/230/mode/1up","Selenidera spectabilis"],["10154","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera piperivora","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.103","Guianan Toucanet","Guianan Toucanet","Guianan Toucanet",null,null,"far southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil north of Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682084","guitou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guitou1","avibase-92FB567F",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/121/mode/1up","Ramphastos piperivorus"],["10155","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera nattereri","(Gould, 1835)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.157","Tawny-tufted Toucanet","Tawny-tufted Toucanet","Tawny-tufted Toucanet",null,null,"far eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682081","tattou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tattou1","avibase-82C29C2F",null,null,"Brazil.","Characters of New Toucans and Araçaris (Ramphastidae), with a Synoptic Table of the Species of the Family.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/335/mode/1up","Pteroglossus Nattereri"],["10156","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera reinwardtii","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.11,  sp.11","Golden-collared Toucanet","Golden-collared Toucanet",null,"2025-0945","Taxon <em>langsdorffii </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Selenidera reinwardtii</em> based on available evidence. These taxa reportedly differ primarily in bill, iris, and facial skin coloration but some of these traits may be variable; localized hybridization is reported (Haffer 1974) but data are lacking from other regions of contact; and divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA is low (Lutz et al. 2013). Further research, especially across potential contact zones, would be informative.","tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward across eastern Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia in Beni, and eastward across the western Amazon of Brazil to Amazonas, mostly west of the Rio Negro and Rio Madeira",null,null,null,"goctou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goctou1","avibase-6AAA6132",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/53/mode/1up","Pteroglossus Reinwardtii"],["10157","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera reinwardtii reinwardtii","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.11,  sp.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (along Brazil border) to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA8C2FBF",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/53/mode/1up","Pteroglossus Reinwardtii"],["10158","subspecies","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera reinwardtii langsdorffii","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.12,  sp.12",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A81652E",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to Tefe, Rio Solimões, by Gyldenstolpe, K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., 22, 1945, no. 3, p. 116.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/54/mode/1up","Pteroglossus Langsdorffii"],["10159","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera maculirostris","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.7","Spot-billed Toucanet","Spot-billed Toucanet","Spot-billed Toucanet",null,null,"Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682093","spbtou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbtou1","avibase-F0C12CF9",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/27/mode/1up","Pteroglossus maculirostris"],["10160","species","Piciformes","Ramphastidae","Toucans","Selenidera gouldii","(Natterer, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.52 p.44","Gould's Toucanet","Gould's Toucanet","Gould's Toucanet",null,null,"central and eastern Brazil south of the Amazon River to eastern Bolivia and Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22682096","goutou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goutou1","avibase-39C1655E",null,null,"Pará.","Letter to Mr. Gould describing a New Species of Araçari.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/216/mode/1up","Pteroglossus Gouldii"],["10161","family","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicatoridae",null,null,"Honeyguides","Honeyguides","Honeyguides",null,null,null,null,null,null,"indica1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indica1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["10162","genus","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Prodotiscus regulus [Sundevall, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Prodotiscus"],["10163","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus regulus","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109","Brown-backed Honeybird","Brown-backed Honeybird","Brown-backed Honeybird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill acacia scrub, miombo and mopane woodland, and wooded grassland, from Gambia, Guinea, and Mali eastward to Ethiopia, southern Kenya, and northern Tanzania, and from western Angola eastward to Malawi, and southward through northeastern Namibia and Zimbabwe to eastern and southern South Africa; seasonal wanderings and erratic irruptions",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680677","wahhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wahhon1","avibase-8DB3F1A2",null,null,"'Caffraria inferiori et superiori' ; type from Mohapoani, Witfontein Berge, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Prodotiscus regulus"],["10164","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus regulus camerunensis","Reichenow, 1921","Journal für Ornithologie 69, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunct from Guinea to Cameroon and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37B1CC1D",null,null,"Bosum, Cameroons.","Neue Vogelarten aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43096#page/56/mode/1up","Prodotiscus regulus camerunensis"],["10165","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus regulus regulus","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Sudan to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, northeastern Namibia, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D653BA",null,null,"'Caffraria inferiori et superiori' ; type from Mohapoani, Witfontein Berge, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/119/mode/1up","Prodotiscus regulus"],["10166","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus insignis","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.157","Cassin's Honeybird","Cassin's Honeybird","Cassin's Honeybird",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, riverine woodland, and farmbush, from Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan and west-central Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680667","cashon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cashon1","avibase-7884F0D6",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/177/mode/1up","Hetoerodes insignis"],["10167","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus insignis flavodorsalis","Bannerman, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunct from Sierra Leone to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1E3E5BB",null,null,"Beoumi, 650 feet, Ivory Coast.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from the French Ivory Coast, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/567/mode/1up","Prodotiscus insignis flavodorsalis"],["10168","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus insignis insignis","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to northern Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda, and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45344405",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/177/mode/1up","Hetoerodes insignis"],["10169","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus zambesiae","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.8","Green-backed Honeybird","Green-backed Honeybird","Green-backed Honeybird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest canopy, riverine forest, and open and miombo woodland, of southern Ethiopia, and from central Angola through central and southeastern Kenya and Tanzania, and southward to northeastern Namibia and Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680672","grbhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbhon2","avibase-B20CDCE3",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/40/mode/1up","Prodotiscus zambesiae"],["10170","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus zambesiae ellenbecki","Erlanger, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E27B17B0",null,null,"Daroli, Arussi Country.","Einige neue Arten aus Nordostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/200/mode/1up","Prodotiscus ellenbecki"],["10171","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus zambesiae zambesiae","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Tanzania, Namibia, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6B0B272",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/40/mode/1up","Prodotiscus zambesiae"],["10172","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Prodotiscus zambesiae lathburyi","Hall, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola (Mount Soque, Mount Moco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-209B00FD",null,null,"Mount Moco, central Angola, 6700 ft.","A new race of Honeyguide from Mt. Moco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/202/mode/1up","Prodotiscus insignis lathburyi"],["10173","genus","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Melichneutes","Reichenow, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melichneutes sommerfeldi [Reichenow, 1910]; type by monotypy = Melignomon robustus G.L. Bates, 1909  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/174/mode/1up","Melichneutes"],["10174","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Melichneutes robustus","(Bates, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.26","Lyre-tailed Honeyguide","Lyre-tailed Honeyguide","Lyre-tailed Honeyguide",null,null,"Guinea to northwestern Angola, Central African Republic, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680655","lython1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lython1","avibase-C2B68BD8",null,null,"Bitye, River Ja, Cameroons.","On behalf of Mr. G. L. Bates, on some new species of birds from the interior of Southern Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/294/mode/1up","Melignomon robustus"],["10175","genus","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Melignomon","Reichenow, 1898","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melignomon zenkeri [Reichenow, 1898]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/36/mode/1up","Melignomon"],["10176","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Melignomon zenkeri","Reichenow, 1898","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.22","Zenker's Honeyguide","Zenker's Honeyguide","Zenker's Honeyguide",null,null,"southern Cameroon and Gabon to Central African Republic, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southwestern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680663","zenhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zenhon1","avibase-AD7BD37A",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroons.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/36/mode/1up","Melignomon zenkeri"],["10177","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Melignomon eisentrauti","Louette, 1981","Revue Zoologique Africaine 95 p.131","Yellow-footed Honeyguide","Yellow-footed Honeyguide","Yellow-footed Honeyguide",null,null,"Sierra Leone to Liberia, southwestern Ghana, and southwestern Cameroon",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680659","yefhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefhon2","avibase-8F2DCF5D",null,null,"about 2 km. east of Grassfield (7 30'N, 8 35'W), Mount Nimba, Liberia","A new species of honeyguide from west Africa (Aves, Indicatoridae).",null,"Melignomon eisentrauti"],["10178","genus","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator","Stephens, 1815","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Indicator sparrmanii [Stephens, 1815]; type by tautonymy = Cuculus indicator Sparrman, 1777",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/205/mode/1up","Indicator"],["10179","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator xanthonotus","Blyth, 1841","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 10, pt.2, no.119 p.928","Yellow-rumped Honeyguide","Yellow-rumped Honeyguide","Yellow-rumped Honeyguide",null,null,"foothill and montane forest with rocky cliffs having colonies of giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) from northeastern Pakistan eastward to southeastern Tibet, western Yunnan, and northern Myanmar; some downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680652","yerhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yerhon1","avibase-CBA33B09",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122870#page/490/mode/1up","Indicator xanthonotus"],["10180","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator xanthonotus xanthonotus","Blyth, 1841","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 10, pt.2, no.119 p.928",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to northeastern India, southeastern Tibet, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FABDCE89",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122870#page/490/mode/1up","Indicator xanthonotus"],["10181","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator xanthonotus radcliffii","Hume, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.529",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan and Himalayas of northwestern India to far western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D667808",null,null,"Huzara, India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/551/mode/1up","Indicator radcliffii"],["10182","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator indicator","(Sparrman, 1777)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 67 p.43 pl.1","Greater Honeyguide","Greater Honeyguide","Greater Honeyguide",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680616","grehon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grehon2","avibase-862749B0",null,null,"Great Fish River, near Somerset East, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211503#page/57/mode/1up","Cuculus indicator"],["10183","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator archipelagicus","Temminck, 1832","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.91, vol.3 pl.542 fig.1","Malayan Honeyguide","Malayan Honeyguide","Malaysian Honeyguide",null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand, adjacent Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680620","malhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malhon1","avibase-BEADF66C",null,null,"Pontianak, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/531/mode/1up","Indicator archipelagicus"],["10184","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator variegatus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.2 p.155","Scaly-throated Honeyguide","Scaly-throated Honeyguide","Scaly-throated Honeyguide",null,null,"savanna and riparian woodland of eastern and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680612","scthon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scthon1","avibase-7EF4C99C",null,null,"Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/193/mode/1up","Indicator variegatus"],["10185","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator maculatus","Gray, 1847","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.451 pl.CXIII","Spotted Honeyguide","Spotted Honeyguide","Spotted Honeyguide",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, riverine woodland, and plantations, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan and western Uganda, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and western and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680608","spohon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spohon2","avibase-499B3C64",null,null,"No locality ; the type in the British Museum is from Gambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/324/mode/1up","Indicator maculatus"],["10186","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator maculatus maculatus","Gray, 1847","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.451 pl.CXIII",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF4BDC95",null,null,"No locality ; the type in the British Museum is from Gambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/324/mode/1up","Indicator maculatus"],["10187","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator maculatus stictithorax","Reichenow, 1877","Journal für Ornithologie 25, no.137 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to northern Angola, southwestern Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FC278D0",null,null,"Cameroons.","[Über einen von Anton Reichenow am Kamerun gesammelten Honigkukuk].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102780#page/122/mode/1up","Indicator stictithorax"],["10188","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator pumilio","Chapin, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78 p.46","Dwarf Honeyguide","Dwarf Honeyguide","Dwarf Honeyguide",null,null,"mountains of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Rwanda, western Burundi, and southwestern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680643","dwahon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwahon1","avibase-C9DFE942",null,null,"Tshibati, 6400 ft., near Lwiro, Kivu, Belgian Congo","A New Honey-guide from the Kivu District, Belgian Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/72/mode/1up","Indicator pumilio"],["10189","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator meliphilus","(Oberholser, 1905)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 28, no.1411 p.869","Pallid Honeyguide","Pallid Honeyguide","Pallid Honeyguide",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill forest edge, riverine forest, and open and miombo woodland, from eastern Uganda and central Kenya southward to east-central Tanzania, and from central Angola eastward to Malawi, and southward to east-central Zimbabwe and central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680647","palhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palhon1","avibase-5B74A911",null,null,"Taveta, Kenya Colony.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region, East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52788#page/965/mode/1up","Melignothes exilis meliphilus"],["10190","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator meliphilus meliphilus","(Oberholser, 1905)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 28, no.1411 p.869",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Uganda and central and southeastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37955888",null,null,"Taveta, Kenya Colony.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region, East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52788#page/965/mode/1up","Melignothes exilis meliphilus"],["10191","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator meliphilus angolensis","Monard, 1934","Arquivos do Museu Bocage 5 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Malawi, Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCC9955C",null,null,"Tyihumbwe and Ebanga, Angola.",null,null,"Indicator minor angolensis"],["10192","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator willcocksi","Alexander, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.11","Willcocks's Honeyguide","Willcocks's Honeyguide","Willcocks's Honeyguide",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary deciduous forest, riverine woodland, and wooded grassland, from Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone eastward to western South Sudan and western Uganda, and southward to Gabon and central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680634","wilhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilhon2","avibase-4373396F",null,null,"Prahou, Gold Coast.","On new or rare species from the Gold Coast Hinterland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/267/mode/1up","Indicator willcocksi"],["10193","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator willcocksi ansorgei","Grant, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in humid forest of Guinea-Bissau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3446D1C",null,null,"Gunnal, Portuguese Guinea.","Description of nine new African subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/130/mode/1up","Indicator exilis ansorgei"],["10194","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator willcocksi willcocksi","Alexander, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria, southern Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-337AA868",null,null,"Prahou, Gold Coast.","On new or rare species from the Gold Coast Hinterland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/267/mode/1up","Indicator willcocksi"],["10195","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator willcocksi hutsoni","Bannerman, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Nigeria eastward to far southern Chad and southwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-014966D1",null,null,"Tatara, Benue Province, Nigeria.","Description of a new species of Honey-Guide from Northern Nigeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/54/mode/1up","Indicator hutsoni"],["10196","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator exilis","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.157","Least Honeyguide","Least Honeyguide","Least Honeyguide",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest and forest edge, shrubby grassland, and plantations, from southern Senegal eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southwestern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680638","leahon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leahon2","avibase-BFF3AA65",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/177/mode/1up","Melignothes exilis"],["10197","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator exilis poensis","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51C70A05",null,null,"Bakaki, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/405/mode/1up","Indicator poensis"],["10198","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator exilis exilis","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia eastward to Central African Republic and southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C08FA69",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/177/mode/1up","Melignothes exilis"],["10199","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator exilis pachyrhynchus","(Heuglin, 1864)","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Sudan and far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Burundi, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D1A318A",null,null,"Bongo, southeastern Sudan.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/272/mode/1up","Melignothes pachyrhynchus"],["10200","species","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor","Stephens, 1815","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.140","Lesser Honeyguide","Lesser Honeyguide","Lesser Honeyguide","2025-0273","Taxon <em>conirostris </em>(polytypic, including <em>ussheri</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Indicator minor </em>based on the lack of clear-cut ecological, vocal, and plumage differences. Vocalizations appear to be indistinguishable (Short &amp; Horne 1985b), reports of sympatric breeding (Friedmann 1969) have not been substantiated, and genetic data (Sonet et al. 2011) are uninformative; further research needed.","widespread in sub-Saharan lowland to submontane wooded grassland, acacia and miombo woodland, forest edge, also gardens, from Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to South Africa (avoiding Congolian rainforest and Namib and Kalahari deserts); some nomadic wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680623","y00400","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00400","avibase-50F3668C",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope = Zwartkop River, Uitenhage Division, Cape Province, fide Grant and Praed, antea, p. 144.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/216/mode/1up","Indicator minor"],["10201","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor ussheri","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunct from southeastern Sierra Leone to southern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-280B63D6",null,null,"Fanti, Gold Coast.","[Exhibition and remarks on some birds from Efulen in the Cameroons in West Africa, with description of a Gaboon species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/342/mode/1up","Indicator ussheri"],["10202","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor conirostris","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Kenya, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D07D9FB",null,null,"Moonda River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/176/mode/1up","Melignothes conirostris"],["10203","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor senegalensis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia and Guinea to northern Cameroon, Chad, and western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD63CEA9",null,null,"Thies, near Dakar, Senegal.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies collected by Mr. Riggenbach in Senegambia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/69/mode/1up","Indicator minor senegalensis"],["10204","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor riggenbachi","Zedlitz, 1915","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"central Cameroon to southwestern Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8579D81B",null,null,"Tibati, Adamawa highlands.","Das Süd-Somaliland als zoogeographisches Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/20/mode/1up","Indicator minor riggenbachi"],["10205","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor diadematus","Rüppell, 1837","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan to northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F53C3966",null,null,"Forested parts of Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/141/mode/1up","Indicator diadematus"],["10206","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor teitensis","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.2 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southeastern Ethiopia, and southern Somalia southwestward to Angola, northeastern Namibia, Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B599D6EA",null,null,"Teita, Kenya Colony.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/205/mode/1up","Indicator minor teitensis"],["10207","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor damarensis","(Roberts, 1928)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 12, pt.4 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6048AFFB",null,null,"Quickborn, Southwest Africa.","Birds and mammals from South-west Africa collected by Mr. R. D. Bradfield and presented to the Transvaal Museum, with taxonomic notes and descriptions of new forms.",null,"Melignothes minor damarensis"],["10208","subspecies","Piciformes","Indicatoridae","Honeyguides","Indicator minor minor","Stephens, 1815","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia, southeastern Botswana and southern Mozambique to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2691F62",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope = Zwartkop River, Uitenhage Division, Cape Province, fide Grant and Praed, antea, p. 144.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64422#page/216/mode/1up","Indicator minor"],["10209","family","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picidae",null,null,"Woodpeckers","Woodpeckers","Woodpeckers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"picida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/picida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["10210","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Jynx torquilla [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Jynx"],["10211","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx ruficollis","Wagler, 1830","Natürliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie p.118,note","Red-throated Wryneck","Red-throated Wryneck","Rufous-necked Wryneck",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane wooded grassland, open forest, acacia savanna, and miombo woodland, from southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon to South Sudan and Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Angola and eastern South Africa; nomadic in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680689","runwry1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runwry1","avibase-93EC5E12",null,null,"Kaffirland =z Uitenhage, eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120243#page/130/mode/1up","Jynx ruficollis"],["10212","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx ruficollis pulchricollis","Hartlaub, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.5 p.28 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon to northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, and northwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BD8420A",null,null,"Babira, east of Bahr el Jebel (lat. 02 32\"N, long. 31 27\"E, central Uganda)","On a new Species of Wryneck, discovered in Eastern Equatorial Africa by Dr. Emin Bey.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/60/mode/1up","Iynx pulchricollis"],["10213","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx ruficollis aequatorialis","Rüppell, 1842","Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte 3 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E7C5B9F",null,null,"Southern provinces of Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/143/mode/1up","Iynx aequatorialis"],["10214","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx ruficollis ruficollis","Wagler, 1830","Natürliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie p.118,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon eastward to Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania, south locally to northern and eastern Angola, northwestern Zambia and adjacent southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Mozambique, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC5AE0A0",null,null,"Kaffirland =z Uitenhage, eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120243#page/130/mode/1up","Jynx ruficollis"],["10215","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx torquilla","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112","Eurasian Wryneck","Eurasian Wryneck","Eurasian Wryneck",null,null,"lowland to montane woodland, riparian forest, and wooded pasture, from Scandinavia eastward to Siberia, Sakhalin, and northern Japan (Hokkaido to northern Honshu), and southward to Iberia, northwestern Africa, Türkiye, northern Pakistan, and north-central China; most western populations winter in tropical Africa, most eastern populations winter from tropical India eastward through southeastern Asia to southern China and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680683","eurwry","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurwry","avibase-B2E6AB9F",null,null,"Europe := Sweden ex Fn. Sv.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Jynx Torquilla"],["10216","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx torquilla torquilla","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from western Europe (except for areas occupied by tschusii) eastward to the Ural Mountains, southward to Türkiye and Caucasus; winters in central Africa and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9135BBDC",null,null,"Europe := Sweden ex Fn. Sv.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Jynx Torquilla"],["10217","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx torquilla sarudnyi","Loudon, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Siberia, from the Ural Mountains eastward to the Altai and the Yenisei River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-532E7DB4",null,null,"Transcaspia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/62/mode/1up","Iynx torquilla sarudnyi"],["10218","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx torquilla chinensis","Hesse, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia (east of the Yenisei River) eastward to Sakhalin and northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu), southward to northern Mongolia and northeastern China; winters Nepal and northeastern India to southeastern China, Indochina, and southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-808DA7EF",null,null,"China; type from Tsingtau [ = Tsingtao, Shantung].","Neue Spechtformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/197/mode/1up","Iynx torquilla chinensis"],["10219","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx torquilla himalayana","Vaurie, 1959","American Museum Novitates no.1963 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Himalayas; winters to southern India at lower elevations",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EF6EAAB",null,null,"Inshan, Wardwan Valley, Kashmir [=Inshan, Warwan valley, Jammu & Kashmir.]","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 37, Picidae, the subfamilies Jynginae and Picumninae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5374/","Jynx torquilla himalayana"],["10220","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx torquilla tschusii","Kleinschmidt, 1907","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 4 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy, Sardinia, Corsica, and eastern Adriatic coast; winters in Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B1D8755",null,null,"Sardinia.","Neue palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55157#page/365/mode/1up","Jynx torquilla tschusii"],["10221","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Jynx torquilla mauretanica","Rothschild, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F91BB9A8",null,null,"Algeria; type from Hammam Meskoutine.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Weaver-Finch from near Lake Tanganyika and a new subspecies of Wryneck from N. Algeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/475/mode/1up","Iynx torquilla mauretanica"],["10222","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.62, vol.4 text to pl.371",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picumnus minutissimus [Temminck, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 54). = Picumnus buffoni Lafresnaye, 1845",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/113/mode/1up","Picumnus"],["10223","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus innominatus","Burton, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.154","Speckled Piculet","Speckled Piculet","Speckled Piculet",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane deciduous and evergreen tropical forest, and bamboo in open second growth, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward to southern China, and southward to peninsular Malaysia and southern Vietnam, and in southwestern and southeastern India, Sumatra, and northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680694","spepic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spepic1","avibase-2458C837",null,null,"Himalayas = Sikkim.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/332/mode/1up","Picumnus innominatus"],["10224","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus innominatus innominatus","Burton, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through northeastern India and adjacent far southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C9111D4",null,null,"Himalayas = Sikkim.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/332/mode/1up","Picumnus innominatus"],["10225","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus innominatus malayorum","Hartert, 1912","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.937",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Western and northern Eastern ghats of Peninsular India and northeastern India to southwestern China, Indochina, Sumatra, and northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-996B6998",null,null,"Gunong Ijau, Perak, Malay Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/141/mode/1up","Picumnus innominatus malayorum"],["10226","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus innominatus chinensis","(Hargitt, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.18 p.228 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"central, eastern, and southern China (from Sichuan to Jiangsu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-519D6CBD",null,null,"'May-chee, China,' = Meiki River, Chekiang?","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. I. On the Piculets of the Old World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/270/mode/1up","Vivia chinensis"],["10227","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cinnamomeus","Wagler, 1829","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.646","Chestnut Piculet","Chestnut Piculet","Chestnut Piculet",null,null,"humid to dry forest and mangroves in the lowlands of northern Colombia, southward to the lower Cauca and Magdalena valleys (in Antioquia, Córdoba, and Cesar), and western Venezuela (to eastern Falcón)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680781","chepic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chepic1","avibase-5945045B",null,null,"Cartagena.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/331/mode/1up","Picumnus cinnamomeus"],["10228","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","Wagler, 1829","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.646",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia, south locally to Cauca and Magdalena valleys",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43CDF698",null,null,"Cartagena.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/331/mode/1up","Picumnus cinnamomeus"],["10229","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cinnamomeus perijanus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Lake Maracaibo region (northwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C436004",null,null,"Las Múcuras, 60 metros, Río Palmar, Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Picumnus cinnamomeus perijanus"],["10230","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cinnamomeus persaturatus","Haffer, 1961","Novedades Colombianas 1 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Colombia (Serranía de San Jerónimo in Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8A9B45B",null,null,"San Isidro, 15 km northwest of El Carmen, Department Bolívar, Colombia","A new subspecies of woodpecker from northern Colombia : Picumnus cinnamomeus persaturatus subsp. nova.",null,"Picumnus cinnamomeus persaturatus"],["10231","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cinnamomeus venezuelensis","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (southern and eastern shores of Lake Maracaibo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-211A11DE",null,null,"Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/14/mode/1up","Picumnus venezuelensis"],["10232","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus nebulosus","Sundevall, 1866","Conspectum avium Picinarum p.95","Mottled Piculet","Mottled Piculet","Mottled Piculet",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and (?) eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680765","motpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motpic1","avibase-2F1E9B61",null,null,"South America; restricted to southern Brazil by Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool, 19A, 1926, no. 1, p. 77.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51790#page/125/mode/1up","Picumnus nebulosus"],["10233","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus fuscus","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.242,335","Rusty-necked Piculet","Rusty-necked Piculet","Rusty-necked Piculet",null,null,"northeastern Bolivia (Beni) and west-central Brazil (far western Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680714","runpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runpic1","avibase-A8A08F59",null,null,"Rio Guaporé, Mato Grasso, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/345/mode/1up","Picumnus fuscus"],["10234","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus pygmaeus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.12","Spotted Piculet","Spotted Piculet","Spotted Piculet",null,null,"eastern Brazil (central Maranhão and Piauí to southern Bahia and northern Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680730","spopic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spopic1","avibase-13CA5483",null,null,"Brazil = Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/32/mode/1up","Picus pygmaeus"],["10235","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus varzeae","Snethlage, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.154","Varzea Piculet","Varzea Piculet","Varzea Piculet",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Madeira to far western Pará)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680736","varpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varpic1","avibase-1411CF3B",null,null,"Fazenda Paraiso, near Faro, Pará.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/172/mode/1up","Picumnus varzeae"],["10236","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus limae","Snethlage, 1924","Journal für Ornithologie 72, no.3 p.448","Ochraceous Piculet","Ochraceous Piculet","Ochraceous Piculet","2025-0808","Taxon <em>fulvescens </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Picumnus limae</em> due to wide variation and clinality in plumage coloration, and lack of vocal differentiation (Lima et al. 2020). Sometimes synonymized with <em>limae</em>, continued recognition of <em>fulvescens </em>as a subspecies better accommodates the geographic extremes in plumage encountered between pale northern birds (<em>limae</em>) and richly colored southern birds (<em>fulvescens</em>); further research would be informative.","humid to dry forest in northeastern Brazil, in Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232769053","ochpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ochpic1","avibase-73288CF7",null,null,"Serra do Castello, Ceará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Ost-Brasilien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905394","Picumnus limae"],["10237","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus limae fulvescens","Stager, 1961","Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum 46 p.1",null,null,null,"2025-0808","Taxon <em>fulvescens </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Picumnus limae</em> due to wide variation and clinality in plumage coloration, and lack of vocal differentiation (Lima et al. 2020). Sometimes synonymized with <em>limae</em>, continued recognition of <em>fulvescens </em>as a subspecies better accommodates the geographic extremes in plumage encountered between pale northern birds (<em>limae</em>) and richly colored southern birds (<em>fulvescens</em>); further research would be informative.","northeastern Brazil (Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27668376",null,null,"Garanhuns (3000 ft.), southeastern Pemambuco, Brazil","A new bird of the genus Picumnus from eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214285#page/245/mode/1up","Picumnus fulvescens"],["10238","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus limae limae","Snethlage, 1924","Journal für Ornithologie 72, no.3 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-482F119E",null,null,"Serra do Castello, Ceará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Ost-Brasilien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905394","Picumnus limae"],["10239","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus minutissimus","(Pallas, 1782)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 3 p.5 pl.1 fig.2","Arrowhead Piculet","Arrowhead Piculet","Arrowhead Piculet",null,null,"coastal lowlands of Suriname; possibly also in adjacent Guyana and French Guiana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680726","arrpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arrpic1","avibase-3E2A08BA",null,null,"Surinam and Cayenne; restricted to Cayenne by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool, 15, 1908, p. 274.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102973#page/14/mode/1up","Picus minutissimus"],["10240","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus spilogaster","Sundevall, 1866","Conspectum avium Picinarum p.100","White-bellied Piculet","White-bellied Piculet","White-bellied Piculet",null,null,"semi-deciduous and gallery forest and mangrove along the Río Orinoco in Venezuela and far northeastern Colombia, and along the coast of the Guianas southeastward to far northeastern Brazil in Roraima; also on the coast in northeastern Para",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680723","whbpic2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbpic2","avibase-58A28C6E",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51790#page/122/mode/1up","Picumnus spilogaster"],["10241","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus spilogaster orinocensis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1455 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Venezuela (southeastern Apure eastward along Meta and Orinoco rivers to Delta Amacuro) and to far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86AF4D18",null,null,"Altagracia, Orinoco River, Bolívar, Venezuela","Three new Venezuelan birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4290/","Picumnus spilogaster orinocensis"],["10242","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus spilogaster spilogaster","Sundevall, 1866","Conspectum avium Picinarum p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A93BB2DB",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51790#page/122/mode/1up","Picumnus spilogaster"],["10243","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus spilogaster pallidus","Snethlage, 1924","Journal für Ornithologie 72, no.3 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Belém area of eastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C4CF9E8",null,null,"Flor do Prado, near Quatipuru, Pará.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Ost-Brasilien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905394","Picumnus pallidus"],["10244","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus temminckii","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.6","Ochre-collared Piculet","Ochre-collared Piculet","Ochre-collared Piculet",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680750","occpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/occpic1","avibase-52B00F21",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/14/mode/1up","Picumnus Temminckii"],["10245","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus steindachneri","Taczanowski, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.40 pl.2 fig.1,2","Speckle-chested Piculet","Speckle-chested Piculet","Speckle-chested Piculet",null,null,"Andes of northeastern Peru in southeastern Amazonas and northwestern San Martín",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680733","spcpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spcpic1","avibase-2722C728",null,null,"Chirimoto, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/76/mode/1up","Picumnus steindachneri"],["10246","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus albosquamatus","d'Orbigny, 1841","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.64, fig.2","White-wedged Piculet","White-wedged Piculet","White-wedged Piculet",null,null,"humid and gallery forest and Cerrado from northern Bolivia eastward across Paraguay to interior Brazil southward to Paraná and Mato Grosso, eastward to Bahia and north to northeast Pará",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680753","whwpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwpic1","avibase-5725BD3D",null,null,"Río Tamanipaya, Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/181/mode/1up","Picumnus albosquamatus"],["10247","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus albosquamatus albosquamatus","d'Orbigny, 1841","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.64, fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia to southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso) and adjacent northern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70F57E43",null,null,"Río Tamanipaya, Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/181/mode/1up","Picumnus albosquamatus"],["10248","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus albosquamatus guttifer","Sundevall, 1866","Conspectum avium Picinarum p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil (eastern Mato Grosso to Pará, Maranhão, Goiás, and Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C54B8574",null,null,"Goiaz [=Goiás], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51790#page/123/mode/1up","Picumnus guttifer"],["10249","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus dorbignyanus","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.7","Ocellated Piculet","Ocellated Piculet","Ocellated Piculet",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the slopes of the eastern Andes of Peru, from Huánuco southward to the Río Urubamba valley in Cusco, and in Bolivia from the Andean slopes in La Paz southward to southern Tarija, near the Argentine border",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680742","ocepic2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocepic2","avibase-4E4CAAFD",null,null,"no type locality stated, but type from \"Bolivia\"","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur le genre Picumne, de Temminck, pl. coloriées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/15/mode/1up","Picumnus d'Orbignyanus"],["10250","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus dorbignyanus jelskii","Taczanowski, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.41 pl.2 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9A94D41",null,null,"Paltaypampa, Chanchamayo, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/77/mode/1up","Picumnus jelskii"],["10251","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus dorbignyanus dorbignyanus","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia and far northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CCC275B",null,null,"no type locality stated, but type from \"Bolivia\"","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur le genre Picumne, de Temminck, pl. coloriées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/15/mode/1up","Picumnus d'Orbignyanus"],["10252","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cirratus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.62, vol.4 pl.371 fig.1","White-barred Piculet","White-barred Piculet","White-barred Piculet",null,null,"semi-humid to dry forest in Guyana, French Guiana, possibly Suriname and northeastern Brazil in Roraima, Amapá, Pará and northwestern Maranhão, westward along the lower Amazon River to the Rio Tapajós in western Pará; also in the Atlantic Forest from eastern Brazil in the southern Bahia southward to São Paulo and southwestward across Paraná to Mato Grosso do Sul, western Uruguay, most Paraguay, eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina southward to northern Buenos Aires, Córdoba and San Luis",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680739","whbpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbpic1","avibase-81D359BF",null,null,"Brazil and Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/121/mode/1up","Picumnus cirratus"],["10253","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cirratus macconnelli","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Amazonian basin west to lower Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-310DADB0",null,null,"British Guiana; error, the type probably came from northern Brazil; Pará substituted as type locality by Todd, 1946, p. 315.","[Exhibition and description of an apparently new species of Picumnus from British Guiana].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/260/mode/1up","Picumnus macconnelli"],["10254","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cirratus confusus","Kinnear, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Guyana, far northern Brazil (eastern Roraima), and French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA15EE8A",null,null,"Takatu River, British Guiana.","Remarks on Picumnus macconnelli Chubb, with description of a new form of Pygmy Woodpecker from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/150/mode/1up","Picumnus cirrhatus confusus"],["10255","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cirratus cirratus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.62, vol.4 pl.371 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Paraná) to eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26D07887",null,null,"Brazil and Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/121/mode/1up","Picumnus cirratus"],["10256","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cirratus pilcomayensis","Hargitt, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3 p.606",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CAD777E",null,null,"Río Pilcomayo, i.e. lower Pilcomayo in about long. 58° 40' W.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVIII. On two new Species from the Pilcomayo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/638/mode/1up","Picumnus pilcomayensis"],["10257","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cirratus tucumanus","Hartert, 1909","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Argentina (western Salta to La Rioja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BD11CFF",null,null,"Río Colorado, Tucumán.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/249/mode/1up","Picumnus cirrhatus tucumanus"],["10258","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus cirratus thamnophiloides","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1942","Notulae Naturae no.105 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Bolivia (Chuquisaca) to northwestern Argentina (northern Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C579733D",null,null,"Bermejo, 1350 feet, Tarija, Bolivia.","New Birds from Bolivia. Part V.",null,"Picumnus cirratus thamnophiloides"],["10259","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus castelnau","Malherbe, 1862","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 2 p.281","Plain-breasted Piculet","Plain-breasted Piculet","Plain-breasted Piculet",null,null,"floodplain of the Río Ucayali and Amazon River in eastern Peru, southeastern Colombia, and far western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680768","plbpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbpic1","avibase-8F8E0C78",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124405#page/289/mode/1up","Picumnus castelnau"],["10260","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus subtilis","Stager, 1968","Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum 153 p.1","Fine-barred Piculet","Fine-barred Piculet","Fine-barred Piculet",null,null,"foothills of eastern Peru (Loreto to Cusco and Madre de Dios)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680771","fibpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibpic1","avibase-70C56ABF",null,null,"Hacienda Villacarmen, Department of Cuzco, SE Peru, at elev. of 1000 m (3280 ft)","A new piculet from southeastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214326#page/559/mode/1up","Picumnus subtilis"],["10261","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus rufiventris","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.120","Rufous-breasted Piculet","Rufous-breasted Piculet","Rufous-breasted Piculet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward across Ecuador and eastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia in northern Cochabamba, including Acre in westernmost Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680756","rubpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubpic1","avibase-15C88984",null,null,"That portion of Brazil bordering on Peru.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/292/mode/1up","Asthenurus rufiventris"],["10262","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus rufiventris rufiventris","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-766E7D04",null,null,"That portion of Brazil bordering on Peru.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/292/mode/1up","Asthenurus rufiventris"],["10263","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus rufiventris grandis","Carriker, 1930","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 82 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Huánuco and Junín) and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-838DB0EA",null,null,"Puerto Yessup, Dept. Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064083","Picumnus grandis"],["10264","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus rufiventris brunneifrons","Stager, 1968","Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum 143 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (Pando, Beni, and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1D40099",null,null,"Todos Santos, Río Chaparé, Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia, alt. 1000 ft.","A new piculet from Amazonian Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214326#page/379/mode/1up","Picumnus rufiventris brunneifrons"],["10265","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus squamulatus","de Lafresnaye, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.208","Scaled Piculet","Scaled Piculet",null,null,null,"semi-humid to dry forest and gallery forest in the lowlands of northern Colombia, around Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta eastward across northern Venezuela to the Paría Peninsula and to Delta Amacuro, and southward in the Colombia along the eastern slope of the Andes to Putumayo",null,null,null,"scapic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scapic1","avibase-7C5E211B",null,null,"Colombia.","Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Picumnus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/218/mode/1up","Picumnus squamulatus"],["10266","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus squamulatus squamulatus","de Lafresnaye, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and central Colombia (Arauca to Huila and northeastern Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23CC0A0B",null,null,"Colombia.","Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Picumnus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/218/mode/1up","Picumnus squamulatus"],["10267","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus squamulatus roehli","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Boyacá and Santa Marta region) to northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44D58152",null,null,"Cotiza, 1000 meters, Caracas, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Picumnus squamulatus röhli"],["10268","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus squamulatus obsoletus","Allen, 1892","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4, no.1, art.5 p.55",null,null,null,"2025-0809","Taxon <em>nigropunctatus </em>is treated as a junior synonym of <em>Picumnus squamulatus obsoletus</em> based on the extensive plumage variation now known Rêgo et al. (2014).","northeastern Venezuela (Sucre to Monagas and Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B156B14",null,null,"El Pilar, Venezuela.","Notice of Some Venezuelan Birds collected by Mrs. H. H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/783","Picumnus obsoletus"],["10269","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus squamulatus lovejoyi","Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1987","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 41 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern Venezuela (northwestern Zulia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22118F31",null,null,"Hato La Esperanza, pie del Cerro El Cedro, Estado Zulia, Venezuela","Cinco nuevas subespecies de aves (Rallidae, Trochilidae, Picidae, Furnariidae) y tres extensiones de distribucion para Venezuela.",null,"Picumnus squamulatus lovejoyi"],["10270","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus squamulatus apurensis","Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1987","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 41 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Venezuela (Apure, Guárico, and Anzoátegui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ACE69B8",null,null,"El Amparo, Estado Apure, Venezuela","Cinco nuevas subespecies de aves (Rallidae, Trochilidae, Picidae, Furnariidae) y tres extensiones de distribucion para Venezuela.",null,"Picumnus squamulatus apurensis"],["10271","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus exilis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.11","Golden-spangled Piculet","Golden-spangled Piculet","Golden-spangled Piculet",null,null,"humid forest, sandy-soil woodland and mangrove in far eastern Colombia, southern and eastern Venezuela, far northern Brazil in Amazonas and Roraima, eastward across the Guianas to northeastern Brazil southward to northern Tocantins, westward along the Amazon River to west of the Rio Negro in Amazonas, and eastward to Maranhão near the mouth of the Rio Tocantins; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, from Paraíba southward to southern Bahia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61487852","gospic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gospic1","avibase-8D12FB60",null,null,"Province of São Paulo; error = Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/31/mode/1up","Picus exilis"],["10272","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus exilis clarus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4D8B593",null,null,"La Paragua, 280 meters, lower Paragua River, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Picumnus buffoni clarus"],["10273","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus exilis undulatus","Hargitt, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia, southeastern Venezuela, Guyana, and Roraima (northern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60FF0B1A",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 5000 feet, and Camacusa, British Guiana.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVII. On an apparently unnamed Species of Picumnus from Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/384/mode/1up","Picumnus undulatus"],["10274","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus exilis buffonii","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Guyana to Amapá (northeastern Amazonian Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20B9BA3F",null,null,"Cayenne.","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur le genre Picumne, de Temminck, pl. coloriées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/14/mode/1up","Picumnus Buffoni"],["10275","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus exilis pernambucensis","Zimmer, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1353BA4A",null,null,"Recife, Pernanbuco, Brazil","New birds from Pernambuco, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/109/mode/1up","Picumnus exilis pernambucensis"],["10276","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus exilis alegriae","Hellmayr, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.18 p.419",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pará to northwestern Maranhão (northeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87D72704",null,null,"Tury-assú, Alto de Alegria, Maranhão, Brazil.","A contribution to the ornithology of north-eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30791#page/193/mode/1up","Picumnus exilis alegriae"],["10277","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus exilis exilis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Bahia to Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE1443B1",null,null,"Province of São Paulo; error = Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/31/mode/1up","Picus exilis"],["10278","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus pumilus","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.16","Orinoco Piculet","Orinoco Piculet","Orinoco Piculet",null,null,"eastern Colombia, adjacent southern Venezuela (southern Amazonas), and northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680700","oripic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oripic1","avibase-EF29D637",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/20/mode/1up","Picumnus pumilus"],["10279","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus lafresnayi","Malherbe, 1862","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 2 p.282; 4 pl.118 fig.4,5","Lafresnaye's Piculet","Lafresnaye's Piculet","Lafresnaye's Piculet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon from eastern Colombia southward to southern Peru (Cusco); also in the middle Amazon River in northeastern Brazil (Amazonas), from the Rio Caqueta eastward to the Rio Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680706","lafpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lafpic1","avibase-53386238",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124405#page/290/mode/1up","Picumnus Lafresnayi"],["10280","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus lafresnayi lafresnayi","Malherbe, 1862","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 2 p.282; 4 pl.118 fig.4,5",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45F89601",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124405#page/290/mode/1up","Picumnus Lafresnayi"],["10281","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus lafresnayi punctifrons","Taczanowski, 1886","Ornithologie du Pérou 3 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF3B3912",null,null,"Monterico and Huambo, Peru; restricted to Monterico by Domaniewski, 1925, p. 296.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49582#page/75/mode/1up","Picumnus punctifrons"],["10282","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus lafresnayi taczanowskii","Domaniewski, 1925","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 4 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and north-central Peru (Huambo-Inayabamba-Huánuco region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CE21807",null,null,"Huambo, northeastern Peru.","Übersicht der Formen der Gattung Picumnus Temm..",null,"Picumnus punctifrons taczanowskii"],["10283","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus lafresnayi pusillus","Pinto, 1936","Revista do Museu Paulista 20 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil (middle Amazon River eastward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C16DB754",null,null,"Codajaz, left bank of the Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Notas de ornithologia Amazonica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189532#page/270/mode/1up","Picumnus pusillus"],["10284","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.241,334","Bar-breasted Piculet","Bar-breasted Piculet","Bar-breasted Piculet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Peru southward to central Bolivia and Mato Grosso, Brazil, and eastward to eastern Brazil (Pará); north of the Amazon River locally only west of the Rio Negro and south of the Amazon River east of Rio Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680697","babpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babpic1","avibase-5095CDB1",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Caigara, Salto do Girao, Borba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/344/mode/1up","Picumnus aurifrons"],["10285","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons aurifrons","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.241,334",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mato Grosso of Brazil (upper Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B05F02AD",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Caigara, Salto do Girao, Borba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/344/mode/1up","Picumnus aurifrons"],["10286","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons transfasciatus","Hellmayr & Gyldenstolpe, 1937","Arkiv för Zoologi 29B no.6 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF4D6FFC",null,null,"Marai, east bank of the lower Tapajoz, Brazil.","Two new Birds from the Brazilian Amazonas.",null,"Picumnus aurifrons transfasciatus"],["10287","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons borbae","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.242,335",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (lower Rio Tapajós to lower Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71EB32FD",null,null,"Borba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/344/mode/1up","Picumnus Borbae"],["10288","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons wallacii","Hargitt, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil (lower Rio Madeira to lower Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01133149",null,null,"'Amazons'.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVI. On some new Species of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/260/mode/1up","Picumnus wallacii"],["10289","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons purusianus","Todd, 1946","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (upper Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E34F06B",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Critical notes on the Woodpeckers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/415/mode/1up","Picumnus aurifrons purusianus"],["10290","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons flavifrons","Hargitt, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru and western Brazil (along Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0154518",null,null,"Sarayacu, Peru.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVI. On some new Species of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/259/mode/1up","Picumnus flavifrons"],["10291","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus aurifrons juruanus","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33A no.12 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to western Brazil (upper Rio Juruá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25F77F73",null,null,"João Pessoa, left bank of the Rio Juruá, Brazil.","Preliminary descriptions of some new Birds from the Brazilian Amazonas.",null,"Picumnus borbae juruanus"],["10292","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus sclateri","Taczanowski, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.327","Ecuadorian Piculet","Ecuadorian Piculet","Ecuadorian Piculet",null,null,"dry forest in the Pacific lowlands from west-central Ecuador, in Manabí, southward to northwestern Peru, to Cajamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680717","ecupic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecupic1","avibase-1C0BC077",null,null,"Lechugal, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/425/mode/1up","Picumnus sclateri"],["10293","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus sclateri parvistriatus","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"arid scrub of western Ecuador (Manabí to Guayas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E5CFDAC",null,null,"Daule, Prov. Guayas, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Picumnus parvistriatus"],["10294","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus sclateri sclateri","Taczanowski, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"arid scrub of southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-983A786B",null,null,"Lechugal, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/425/mode/1up","Picumnus sclateri"],["10295","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus sclateri porcullae","Bond, 1954","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 106 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"arid scrub of northwestern Peru (central Piura to northern Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34EA2880",null,null,"at Porculla (500 ft.), Department of Lambayeque, Peru. ollected May 17, 1933, by M. A. Carriker, Jr.","Notes on Peruvian Piciformes.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064446","Picumnus sclateri porcullae"],["10296","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus granadensis","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.78","Greyish Piculet","Grayish Piculet","Greyish Piculet",null,null,"dry to humid forest in the slopes of the western Andes and western slope of the central Andes of Colombia to the upper Cauca Valley; in the western Andes southward to the Río Patía Valley, in southern Cauca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680777","grapic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grapic1","avibase-2A87E89C",null,null,"Cali, Colombia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/86/mode/1up","Picumnus granadensis"],["10297","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus granadensis antioquensis","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.635",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia to upper Río San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6CD558C",null,null,"Peque, 5000 feet. Western Andes, Antioquia, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Picumnus granadensis antioquensis"],["10298","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus granadensis granadensis","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (central Cauca Valley to upper Patía Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23C5C6B6",null,null,"Cali, Colombia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/86/mode/1up","Picumnus granadensis"],["10299","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus olivaceus","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.7","Olivaceous Piculet","Olivaceous Piculet","Olivaceous Piculet",null,null,"humid forest in the lowlands of easternmost Guatemala eastward and southeastward to northern Costa Rica, and in the Pacific slope of Costa Rica eastward to the Azuero Peninsula in Panama; eastern Panama eastward to the lowlands of northern Colombia eastward to the Andean slopes of western Venezuela; in interior Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Caldas and Huila), also west of the Andes from southern Colombia southward to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680774","olipic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olipic1","avibase-B190788A",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur le genre Picumne, de Temminck, pl. coloriées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/15/mode/1up","Picumnus olivaceus"],["10300","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus olivaceus dimotus","Bangs, 1903","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 39, no.6 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Guatemala, northern Honduras, and eastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B850BF0A",null,null,"Ceiba, Honduras.","Birds and Mammals from Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95218#page/186/mode/1up","Picumnus dimotus"],["10301","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus","Ridgway, 1889","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.750 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to Panama and far northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-799B375E",null,null,"Pozo Azul de Pirris, southwestern Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/679/mode/1up","Picumnus flavotinctus"],["10302","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus olivaceus olivaceus","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Sucre) south in Andes to Cauca Valley and eastward to Huila",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CB90E50",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur le genre Picumne, de Temminck, pl. coloriées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/15/mode/1up","Picumnus olivaceus"],["10303","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus olivaceus eisenmanni","Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1966","American Museum Novitates no.2270 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá) and adjacent Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D5E82F1",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá,  Zulia, Venezuela; 1700 meters (cf. Picumnus olivaceus Perijánus Phelps and Phelps 1953)","A new subspecies of Icterus icterus and other notes on the birds of northern South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3285/","Picumnus olivaceus eisenmanni"],["10304","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus olivaceus tachirensis","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and adjacent western Venezuela (southwestern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD2E655E",null,null,"Delicias, Páramo de Tama region, Táchira, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Picumnus olivaceus tachirensis"],["10305","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picumnus olivaceus harterti","Hellmayr, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador; recorded from northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A39C196D",null,null,"Paramba, northwestern Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/438/mode/1up","Picumnus olivaceus harterti"],["10306","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Verreauxia","Hartlaub, 1856","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 22, bd.2 p.28.",null,null,null,"2025-0781","Taxon <em>africana </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Verreauxia </em>based on deep divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2006; Shakya et al. 2017) from the two Asian taxa retained in the genus <em>Sasia</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sasia africana [J. & E. Verreaux, 1855]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31380#page/36/mode/1up","Verreauxia"],["10307","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Verreauxia africana","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.217","African Piculet","African Piculet","African Piculet","2025-0781","Taxon <em>africana </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Verreauxia </em>based on deep divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2006; Shakya et al. 2017) from the two Asian taxa retained in the genus <em>Sasia</em>.","southern Cameroon to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680784","afrpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrpic1","avibase-C4DFB5E3",null,null,"Gaboon.","Description d'oiseaux nouveaux de l'Afrique méridionale et occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/221/mode/1up","Sasia africana"],["10308","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.778",null,null,null,"2025-0781","Taxon <em>africana </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Verreauxia </em>based on deep divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2006; Shakya et al. 2017) from the two Asian taxa retained in the genus <em>Sasia</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sasia ochracea [Hodgson, 1837]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/908/mode/1up","Sasia"],["10309","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia abnormis","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.62, vol.4 pl.371 fig.3","Rufous Piculet","Rufous Piculet","Rufous Piculet",null,null,"humid and swamp forest and bamboo stands in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra (including Nias), Belitung, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680789","rufpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufpic1","avibase-3E246B6D",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/124/mode/1up","Picumnus abnormis"],["10310","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia abnormis abnormis","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.62, vol.4 pl.371 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and adjacent southwestern Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCF5FD84",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/124/mode/1up","Picumnus abnormis"],["10311","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia abnormis magnirostris","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3D3E115",null,null,"Nias Island.","Some notes on Java birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/69/mode/1up","Sasia abnormis magnirostris"],["10312","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia ochracea","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.778","White-browed Piculet","White-browed Piculet","White-browed Piculet",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, bamboo, and dense scrub, from central Nepal eastward through the Himalayas to southern China, and southward to peninsular Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680792","whbpic3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbpic3","avibase-E577AC45",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/908/mode/1up","Sasia ochracea"],["10313","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia ochracea ochracea","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.778",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (Uttarakhand, rare) and central Nepal eastward to Thailand and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62E3002B",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/908/mode/1up","Sasia ochracea"],["10314","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia ochracea reichenowi","Hesse, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and adjacent southwestern Thailand southward to Isthmus of Kra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC87BF9B",null,null,"Burma; type from Thayetchaung, Tenasserim.","Neue Spechtformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/197/mode/1up","Sasia ochracea reichenowi"],["10315","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sasia ochracea kinneari","Stresemann, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.2 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Yunnan and Guangxi) and far northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3353476C",null,null,"Mts. of northern Kwangsi, 3000-4000 feet.","Eine Vogelsammlung aus Kwangsi.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917261","Sasia ochracea kinneari"],["10316","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Nesoctites","Hargitt, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 18 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picumnus micromegas [Sundevall, 1866]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34359#page/574/mode/1up","Nesoctites"],["10317","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Nesoctites micromegas","(Sundevall, 1866)","Conspectum avium Picinarum p.103","Antillean Piculet","Antillean Piculet","Antillean Piculet",null,null,"varied forest types in lowlands to mountains of Hispaniola including Gonâve Island (off western Haiti)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680795","antpic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antpic1","avibase-72680E64",null,null,"Brazil; error := Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51790#page/117/mode/1up","Picumnus micromegas"],["10318","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Nesoctites micromegas micromegas","(Sundevall, 1866)","Conspectum avium Picinarum p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CCE0E8C",null,null,"Brazil; error := Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51790#page/117/mode/1up","Picumnus micromegas"],["10319","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Nesoctites micromegas abbotti","Wetmore, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Gonâve (off western Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-774259F3",null,null,"Gonave Island.","A new species of Piculet from Gonave Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/213/mode/1up","Nesoctites abbotti"],["10320","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Hemicircus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus concretus [Temminck, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/330/mode/1up","Hemicircus"],["10321","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Hemicircus canente","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.215 pl.73","Heart-spotted Woodpecker","Heart-spotted Woodpecker","Heart-spotted Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest of Peninsular India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681572","heswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heswoo1","avibase-23956360",null,null,"Pegu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/363/mode/1up","Picus canente"],["10322","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Hemicircus concretus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.15, vol.4 pl.90","Grey-and-buff Woodpecker","Gray-and-buff Woodpecker",null,"2025-0782","Taxon <em>sordidus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Hemicircus concretus</em> based on available evidence. Although crest coloration of adult males differs notably between widespread <em>sordidus </em>and Javan <em>concretus</em>, other differences appear minor, and vocalizations are insufficiently known.","humid and swamp forest and adjacent clearings in the Malayan Peninsula from southernmost Myanmar (Tenasserim) and southern Peninsular Thailand southward to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra (including the Mentawai Islands), Bangka, Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,"gabwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabwoo3","avibase-5FB4C729",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/95/mode/1up","Picus concretus"],["10323","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Hemicircus concretus sordidus","(Eyton, 1845)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.16, no.105 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C836FAAC",null,null,"Malacca.","XXIV. Descriptions of some apparently new species of Birds from Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19483#page/259/mode/1up","Dendrocopus sordidus"],["10324","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Hemicircus concretus concretus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.15, vol.4 pl.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2CD62E8",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/95/mode/1up","Picus concretus"],["10325","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus badius [Raffles, 1822]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/362/mode/1up","Micropternus"],["10326","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.103","Rufous Woodpecker","Rufous Woodpecker","Rufous Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to foothill open forest, secondary growth, and bamboo scrub, from northwestern India and Sri Lanka eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Greater Sundas and some adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681314","rufwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufwoo2","avibase-663A7CCA",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/117/mode/1up","Picus brachyurus"],["10327","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus jerdonii","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.535",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DCB9AFB",null,null,"Indian Peninsula; restricted to Travancore by Whistler and Kinnear, antea, p. 291.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/571/mode/1up","Phaiopicos Jerdonii"],["10328","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus humei","Kloss, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (Himachal Pradesh) to far western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB7ADAF9",null,null,"'Kumaon, Bhabur, northern Rohilkund, the Dhoon, etc.' ex Hume, Proc. As Soc. Bengal, 1872, p. 70.","On Birds recently collected in Siam. Part I. Phasianidae - Eurylaemidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/161/mode/1up","Micropternus brachyurus humei"],["10329","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus phaioceps","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal and eastern India to southeastern Tibet, Myanmar, southern China, and southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A74ACAE",null,null,"India proper extending eastward to Tipperah and Arracan [= Arakan]; restricted type locality, Calcutta.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/363/mode/1up","Picus (Micropternus) phaioceps"],["10330","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus annamensis","Delacour & Jabouille, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Laos, Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-089E1D2B",null,null,"Hailing, Annam.","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/59/mode/1up","Micropternus brachyurus annamensis"],["10331","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus fokiensis","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84B7E6B0",null,null,"Foochow, Fukien.","On New and little-known Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/135/mode/1up","Brachypternus fokiensis"],["10332","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus holroydi","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1957A9D5",null,null,"Central Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/117/mode/1up","Micropternus holroydi"],["10333","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus williamsoni","Kloss, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC59796C",null,null,"Koh Lak, southwestern Siam.","On Birds recently collected in Siam. Part I. Phasianidae - Eurylaemidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/159/mode/1up","Micropternus brachyurus williamsoni"],["10334","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus badius","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula southward to Sumatra, including Nias Island, Bangka, and Belitung",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FF89A3D",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/321/mode/1up","Picus badius"],["10335","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus brachyurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-357F50DB",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/117/mode/1up","Picus brachyurus"],["10336","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Micropternus brachyurus badiosus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62C48E63",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/191/mode/1up","Meiglyptes badiosus"],["10337","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus poicilophus [Temminck, 1823]; type by monotypy = Picus tristis Horsfield, 1821",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/333/mode/1up","Meiglyptes"],["10338","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes tukki","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167","Buff-necked Woodpecker","Buff-necked Woodpecker","Buff-necked Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra (including Nias and Batu Islands), Natuna, and Borneo (including Banggi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681562","bunwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bunwoo1","avibase-A858DD82",null,null,"Sumatra.","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Picus tukki"],["10339","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes tukki tukki","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, northern Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC61FC80",null,null,"Sumatra.","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Picus tukki"],["10340","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes tukki pulonis","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggi (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3F018F0",null,null,"Banguey Island.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Meiglyptes tukki pulonis"],["10341","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes tukki percnerpes","Oberholser, 1924","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 14, no.13 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCA01DC2",null,null,"Batu Jurong, southwestern Borneo.","Descriptions of new Treronidae and other non-Passerine Birds from the East Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122711#page/371/mode/1up","Meiglyptes tukki percnerpes"],["10342","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes tukki infuscatus","Salvadori, 1887","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.25 p.531",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78F57DC5",null,null,"Nias Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/553/mode/1up","Miglyptes infuscatus"],["10343","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes tukki batu","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80FDBC98",null,null,"Pulo Tana Massa, Batu Islands.'","Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Part III - Birds from Nias Island.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064295","Meiglyptes tukki batu"],["10344","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes jugularis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.195","Black-and-buff Woodpecker","Black-and-buff Woodpecker","Black-and-buff Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest of Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681559","babwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babwoo3","avibase-69BC6C53",null,null,"Arakan and Tenasserim.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/363/mode/1up","Picus (Meiglyptes) jugularis"],["10345","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes tristis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.177","Zebra Woodpecker","Zebra Woodpecker","White-rumped Woodpecker","2025-0805","Taxon <em>grammithorax </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Meiglyptes tristis </em>based on plumage, but vocal and genetic evidence to support this split are lacking.","Java",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727198","burwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burwoo3","avibase-C24A0885",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/196/mode/1up","Picus tristis"],["10346","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Meiglyptes grammithorax","(Malherbe, 1862)","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 2 p.12; 3 pl.48 fig.4,5,6","Buff-rumped Woodpecker","Buff-rumped Woodpecker","Buff-rumped Woodpecker","2025-0805","Taxon <em>grammithorax </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Meiglyptes tristis </em>based on plumage, but vocal and genetic evidence to support this split are lacking.","southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727206","burwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burwoo1","avibase-C1941D4D",null,null,"Malay Peninsula and Soenda Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124405#page/20/mode/1up","Phaiopicus grammithorax"],["10347","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus grantia [Horsfield, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/360/mode/1up","Gecinulus"],["10348","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus rafflesii","(Vigors, 1830)","Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (etc.) p.669","Olive-backed Woodpecker","Olive-backed Woodpecker","Olive-backed Woodpecker","2025-0806","Taxon <em>rafflesii </em>is placed in the genus <em>Gecinulus </em>based on multilocus genetic (Shakya et al. 2017) and bioacoustic evidence.","tropical rainforest and swamp forest in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar (southern Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to southern Malaysian Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681493","olbwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbwoo2","avibase-FFD0A230",null,null,"No locality = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/74/mode/1up","Picus Rafflesii"],["10349","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus rafflesii rafflesii","(Vigors, 1830)","Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (etc.) p.669",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0C54D27",null,null,"No locality = Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/74/mode/1up","Picus Rafflesii"],["10350","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus rafflesii dulitensis","(Delacour, 1946)","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 31 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66E81836",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207510#page/12/mode/1up","Dinopium rafflesi dulitense"],["10351","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus viridis","Blyth, 1862","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 31, no.3 p.341","Bamboo Woodpecker","Bamboo Woodpecker","Bamboo Woodpecker",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Myanmar, adjacent Thailand, northern Laos, and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681528","bamwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bamwoo1","avibase-E74A1CB3",null,null,"Toungoo.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, February, 1862.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114386#page/415/mode/1up","Gecinulus viridis"],["10352","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus viridis viridis","Blyth, 1862","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 31, no.3 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Myanmar and Thailand through northwestern Laos and western Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FECCF526",null,null,"Toungoo.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, February, 1862.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114386#page/415/mode/1up","Gecinulus viridis"],["10353","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus viridis robinsoni","Kloss, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00D7C618",null,null,"Mts. of the Selangor-Pahang boundary, Malay States.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/157/mode/1up","Gecinulus viridis robinsoni"],["10354","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus grantia","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.165","Pale-headed Woodpecker","Pale-headed Woodpecker","Pale-headed Woodpecker",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest, secondary growth, and bamboo scrub, from eastern Nepal eastward to southeastern China, and southward to northern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681525","pahwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pahwoo1","avibase-43DEA60F",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/695/mode/1up","Picus (Chrysonotus) Grantia"],["10355","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus grantia grantia","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal to Myanmar and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-370F847B",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/695/mode/1up","Picus (Chrysonotus) Grantia"],["10356","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus grantia viridanus","Slater, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Fujian and northern Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D446073",null,null,"Kuatun, Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/224/mode/1up","Gecinulus viridanus"],["10357","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Gecinulus grantia indochinensis","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan) to northwestern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB26DB36",null,null,"Backan, northeastern Tonkin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/194/mode/1up","Gecinulus grantia indochinensis"],["10358","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium","Rafinesque, 1814","Principes Fondamentaux de Somiologie p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Dinopium (Picoides) erythronotus [Rafinesque, 1814]; type by monotypy = Picus javanensis Ljungh, 1797",null,null,null,"Dinopium"],["10359","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium psarodes","(Lichtenstein, 1793)","Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum (etc.). Sectio prima p.18 no.189,190","Red-backed Flameback","Red-backed Flameback","Lesser Sri Lanka Flameback",null,null,"central and southern Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61517218","bkrfla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkrfla2","avibase-DCDDAEDA",null,null,"India orientali",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48345#page/42/mode/1up","Picus psarodes"],["10360","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium benghalense","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113","Black-rumped Flameback","Black-rumped Flameback","Black-rumped Flameback",null,null,"moist to deciduous wooded habitats from the Indus River basin in northern Pakistan and northwestern India eastward through southern Nepal and Bhutan to the Brahmaputra River basin in Bangladesh and far southeastern India, and southward to the southernmost Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61517196","bkrfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkrfla1","avibase-4E1BC720",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus benghalensis"],["10361","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium benghalense benghalense","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India to Assam and (?) southwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07FD91D9",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus benghalensis"],["10362","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium benghalense dilutum","(Blyth, 1852)","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4B05978",null,null,"Sind.",null,null,"Br[achypternus] aurantius var. Br[achypternus] dilutus"],["10363","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium benghalense tehminae","(Whistler & Kinnear, 1934)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2D42FF6",null,null,"Rajampara, 1350 feet, Panthalam Hills, India.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part VIII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186989#page/487/mode/1up","Brachypternus benghalensis tehminae"],["10364","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium benghalense puncticolle","(Malherbe, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India, except Western Ghats",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F6BAF1F",null,null,"India, slopes of the Nilgiri Hills.","Description de sept espèces nouvelles du genre Picus, Linné.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/415/mode/1up","Picus (Brachypternopicus) puncticollis"],["10365","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium benghalense jaffnense","(Whistler, 1944)","Spolia Zeylanica 23 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0DE3020",null,null,"Illuppaikkadavai, Ceylon.","The avifaunal survey of Ceylon conducted jointly by the British and Colombo Museums.",null,"Brachypternus benghalensis jaffnensis"],["10366","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium shorii","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.10 text to pl.49","Himalayan Flameback","Himalayan Flameback","Himalayan Flameback",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill mature forest from northern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to northern Myanmar, and southward to southeastern India, Bangladesh, and southwestern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681496","himfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himfla1","avibase-732BAF36",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/211/mode/1up","Picus Shorii"],["10367","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium shorii shorii","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.10 text to pl.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (northwestern India to northern Bangladesh); western India (Western Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D35E9244",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/211/mode/1up","Picus Shorii"],["10368","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium shorii anguste","Ripley, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar and adjacent northeastern India (Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27044AF1",null,null,"six miles north of Myitkyina, north Burma","New birds from Nepal and the Indian region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/338/mode/1up","Dinopium shorii anguste"],["10369","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium everetti","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.612 pl.37","Spot-throated Flameback","Spot-throated Flameback","Spot-throated Flameback",null,null,"southern Philippines (Balabac, Palawan, and Calamian Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727192","sptfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptfla1","avibase-449435CA",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/198/mode/1up","Tiga everetti"],["10370","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium javanense","(Ljungh, 1797)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 18 p.134 pl.6","Common Flameback","Common Flameback","Common Flameback",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill open forest, scrub, plantations, parks, and mangroves, in southwestern India, and from Bangladesh and eastern India and eastward to northern Vietnam, and southward through Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas and some adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727182","comfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comfla1","avibase-8A613564",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180070#page/150/mode/1up","Picus javanensis"],["10371","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium javanense malabaricum","Whistler, 1934","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"wet woodland of western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12FD881B",null,null,"Manantoddy Wynaad, India.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part VIII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186989#page/488/mode/1up","Dinopium javanense malabaricum"],["10372","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium javanense intermedium","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangladesh and Assam to Myanmar, southwestern China, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF031985",null,null,"Nepal, Assam, Sylhet, Tipperah, and Tenasserim = Arakan, fide Stuart Baker, Ibis, 1919, p. 208, and restricted to Ramree Island by Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1923, p. 187.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/361/mode/1up","Picus (Tiga) intermedius"],["10373","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium javanense javanense","(Ljungh, 1797)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 18 p.134 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand southward to Sumatra (including the Riau Archipelago) and western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-988BFF50",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180070#page/150/mode/1up","Picus javanensis"],["10374","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium javanense borneonense","(Dubois, 1897)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897, pt.3 p.782",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (except northeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5220F221",null,null,"Borneo.","Remarques sur certains Oiseaux supposés nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97165#page/908/mode/1up","Tiga borneonensis"],["10375","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium javanense raveni","Riley, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.33 p.139-140",null,null,null,null,null,"Eraban Island and adjacent northeastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-482C36FE",null,null,"Pulo Eraban, off the northeast coast of Borneo.","Descriptions of new forms of Birds collected by H. C. Raven in northeast Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/165/mode/1up","Dinopium raveni"],["10376","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dinopium javanense exsul","(Hartert, 1901)","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B38E0A3",null,null,"Bali.","Some notes on Java birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/69/mode/1up","Tiga javanensis exsul"],["10377","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus viridis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1820, Zoological Illustrations, 1, pl. 4 and text).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Picus"],["10378","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus puniceus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.176","Crimson-winged Woodpecker","Crimson-winged Woodpecker","Crimson-winged Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest of the Malayan Peninsula from far southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to Singapore, Sumatra (including Nias), Bangka, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681434","crwwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crwwoo1","avibase-3425FAE7",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/195/mode/1up","Picus puniceus"],["10379","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus puniceus observandus","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47FACA17",null,null,"Malacca, Borneo and Sumatra; type from Deli, Sumatra.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/594/mode/1up","Gecinus puniceus observandus"],["10380","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus puniceus soligae","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B62FBBC",null,null,"Soliga, 1000 feet, Nias Island.","Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Part III - Birds from Nias Island.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064295","Picus puniceus soligae"],["10381","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus puniceus puniceus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B196AC84",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/195/mode/1up","Picus puniceus"],["10382","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.78","Lesser Yellownape","Lesser Yellownape","Lesser Yellownape",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill forest, bamboo scrub, and plantations, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan), and southward in southern India and Sri Lanka, southeastern China, continental Malaysia, and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681431","lesyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesyel1","avibase-E9C639F2",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/92/mode/1up","Picus chlorolophus"],["10383","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus simlae","Meinertzhagen, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India (Himachal Pradesh) to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E59AF970",null,null,"Dehra Dun, northwestern India.","Remarks on the Yellow-naped Woodpecker, with descriptions of new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/82/mode/1up","Picus chlorolophus simlae"],["10384","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus chlorolophus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal to Myanmar and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AF51231",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/92/mode/1up","Picus chlorolophus"],["10385","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus chlorigaster","Jerdon, 1845","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAEED48D",null,null,"Southern India.","Second Supplement to the Catalogue of the Birds of Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/441/mode/1up","Picus chlorigaster"],["10386","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus wellsi","Meinertzhagen, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-459B3070",null,null,"Ceylon.","Remarks on the Yellow-naped Woodpecker, with descriptions of new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/84/mode/1up","Picus chlorolophus wellsi"],["10387","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus citrinocristatus","(Rickett, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (Tonkin) and southeastern China (Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B81828E",null,null,"Yamakan, Fukien.","[Exhibition of two apparently new species of Birds from China].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/204/mode/1up","Gecinus citrinocristatus"],["10388","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus longipennis","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73DCADF8",null,null,"Mt. Wuchi, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/242/mode/1up","Gecinus chlorigaster longipennis"],["10389","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus annamensis","Meinertzhagen, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand to southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0E6C599",null,null,"Daban, southern Annam.","Remarks on the Yellow-naped Woodpecker, with descriptions of new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/85/mode/1up","Picus chlorolophus annamensis"],["10390","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus rodgeri","(Hartert & Butler, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.508",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-533ACB6A",null,null,"Gunong Ijau, 4000 feet, Perak.","A few notes on birds from Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/530/mode/1up","Gecinus rodgeri"],["10391","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus chlorolophus vanheysti","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society no.80 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6023862C",null,null,"Bandar Baroe and Gunong Talaman, northeastern Sumatra.","On a collection of birds from N.E. Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130752#page/387/mode/1up","Brachylophus chlorolophus vanheysti"],["10392","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus squamatus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.8","Scaly-bellied Woodpecker","Scaly-bellied Woodpecker","Scaly-bellied Woodpecker",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane forest, dry deciduous forest, riparian woodland, and plantations, from southern Turkmenistan, eastern Iran, and Afghanistan eastward to northern India and western Nepal; some downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681456","scbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbwoo1","avibase-886871E9",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, Ibis, 1924, p. 471.","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/22/mode/1up","Picus squamatus"],["10393","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus squamatus flavirostris","(Menzbier, 1886)","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 86 Pt1 p.439,440",null,null,null,null,null,"Afghanistan (except northeastern) and western Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D86622CF",null,null,"Murghab, Transcaspia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106825#page/449/mode/1up","Gecinus flavirostris"],["10394","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus squamatus squamatus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan to northern India (Darjeeling)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7EDDE80",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, Ibis, 1924, p. 471.","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/22/mode/1up","Picus squamatus"],["10395","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus xanthopygaeus","(Gray & Gray, 1846)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.117","Streak-throated Woodpecker","Streak-throated Woodpecker","Streak-throated Woodpecker",null,null,"Indian subcontinent to Myanmar, southwestern China, and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681453","sttwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttwoo1","avibase-8B89B332",null,null,"Blyth",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/133/mode/1up","Brachylophus xanthopygaeus"],["10396","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus rabieri","(Oustalet, 1898)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 4, no.1 p.12","Red-collared Woodpecker","Red-collared Woodpecker","Red-collared Woodpecker",null,null,"southwestern China (far southern Yunnan) to Laos and Vietnam",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681478","recwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recwoo2","avibase-D7A3CD4F",null,null,"Chobon, Tonkin.","Catalogue des Oiseaux recueillis par M. le comte de Barthélemy dans le cours de son dernier voyage en Indo-Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137045#page/24/mode/1up","Gecinus Rabieri"],["10397","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus vittatus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.91","Laced Woodpecker","Laced Woodpecker","Laced Woodpecker",null,null,"southeastern Asia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kangean Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681450","lacwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lacwoo1","avibase-6808E3D4",null,null,"No locality; restricted to Java by Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 434; further restricted to western Java by Stresemann, infra, p. 74.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/105/mode/1up","Picus vittatus"],["10398","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus viridanus","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1000","Streak-breasted Woodpecker","Streak-breasted Woodpecker","Streak-breasted Woodpecker",null,null,"lowlands of Myanmar and southwestern Thailand to far northwestern Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681447","stbwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbwoo3","avibase-FDE08471",null,null,"Arakan.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/516/mode/1up","Picus viridanus"],["10399","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus awokera","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.4 pl.585","Japanese Green Woodpecker","Japanese Woodpecker","Japanese Woodpecker",null,null,"Honshu southward to Yakushima, and Sea of Japan islands Tobishima, Awashima, Sado, and Tsushima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681459","japwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japwoo1","avibase-F60C59CD",null,null,"Japan, i.e. Honshu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/105/mode/1up","Picus awokera"],["10400","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus awokera awokera","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.4 pl.585",null,null,null,null,null,"Honshu (central Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E014018",null,null,"Japan, i.e. Honshu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/105/mode/1up","Picus awokera"],["10401","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus awokera horii","Taka-Tsukasa, 1918","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 30 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"Kyushu and Shikoku (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-828A9B25",null,null,"Kagoshima.",null,null,"Picus awokera horii"],["10402","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus awokera takatsukasae","Kuroda, 1921","The Auk 38, no.4 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanegashima and Yakushima Islands (Osumi Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-652562F9",null,null,"Anno, Tanegashima.","Descriptions of seven new forms of Japanese and Corean Picidae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol38/iss4/8/","Picus awokera takatsukasae"],["10403","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.434","Grey-headed Woodpecker","Gray-headed Woodpecker",null,"2025-0786","Taxon <em>dedemi </em>and polytypic <em>guerini </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Picus canus</em> pending further research. Considerable phenotypic and vocal variation occurs within the <em>P. canus sensu lato</em> complex, with <em>dedemi </em>the most distinctive taxon. Multi-locus DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2008) are limited to the <em>canus </em>and <em>guerini </em>groups, which appear to introgress in northeastern China (Greenway 1940). Although splits may be warranted, further research, including a comprehensive genetic review, is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","lowland to montane forest, open woodland, and bamboo, from Scandinavia and France eastward to Ussuriland (Russia) and northern Japan (Hokkaido), and southward to Greece, northern Türkiye, and through the Himalayas from northeastern Pakistan eastward to southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and thence southward to Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra; some nomadic winter wandering in northern populations",null,null,null,"gyfwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyfwoo1","avibase-BC863B3A",null,null,"Norway, Russia, Siberia and Switzerland ; restricted type locality, Norway ex Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/446/mode/1up","Picus canus"],["10404","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus canus","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe (southern Scandinavia and France) to western Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9724468",null,null,"Norway, Russia, Siberia and Switzerland ; restricted type locality, Norway ex Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/446/mode/1up","Picus canus"],["10405","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus jessoensis","Stejneger, 1886","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.558 p.107,note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido (northern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFB32629",null,null,"Sapporo, Hokkaido.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/121/mode/1up","Picus canus jessoensis"],["10406","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus kogo","(Bianchi, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (Shaanxi to Qinghai and northern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BB49F3F",null,null,"Bar-tschou River, affluent of the Nomu-tschu, tributary of the Mekong, Kham country, Tibet.","On five new subspecies from South-eastern Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/95/mode/1up","Gecinus guerini kogo"],["10407","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus guerini","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.539",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (central Sichuan to Yangtze River basin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9701FECD",null,null,"China; Ningpo and Shanghai, fide Danis, antea, p. 260.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/575/mode/1up","Chloropicos Guerini"],["10408","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus sobrinus","Peters, 1948","Check-list of birds of the world 6 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Guangxi to Fujian) and northeastern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08DD9368",null,null,"Fokien, China",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50576#page/152/mode/1up","Picus canus sobrinus"],["10409","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus tancolo","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F753E70",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/337/mode/1up","Gecinus tancolo"],["10410","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus sordidior","(Rippon, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to southwestern China (Sichuan and Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07C7C479",null,null,"Yangtze River, western Yunnan.","On three new species from Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/456/mode/1up","Gecinus sordidior"],["10411","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus sanguiniceps","Stuart Baker, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan to northern India and far western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9D62BF5",null,null,"Himalayan Mountains. Fixed as Simla-Almora district based on Ticehurst & Whistler (1924, Ibis: 468-473) [=Shimla-Almora districts, Western Himalaya.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/108/mode/1up","Picus canus sanguiniceps"],["10412","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus hessei","Gyldenstolpe, 1916","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal and northern India to Myanmar, southern China, Thailand, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DB0EADD",null,null,"Pak Koh and Denchai, northern Siam.","Neu Vögel aus Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/42/mode/1up","Picus canus hessei"],["10413","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus robinsoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula (Gunung Tahan and Cameron highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0593FE25",null,null,"Gunong Tahan, 5300-6000 feet, Pahang, Malay States.","Description of new Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/435/mode/1up","Gecinus robinsoni"],["10414","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus canus dedemi","(van Oort, 1911)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 34 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C7043CD",null,null,"Volcano Sibajak, 1450 meters, Battack Mts., northeastern Sumatra.","On some new or rare birds from Sumatra, Java, Ceram and the Poeloe Toedjoe group, north of ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47509#page/73/mode/1up","Gecinus dedemi"],["10415","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus erythropygius","(Elliot, 1865)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.4 p.76 pl.3","Black-headed Woodpecker","Black-headed Woodpecker","Black-headed Woodpecker",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill pine and dry dipterocarp forest, from eastern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand eastward to Laos and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681481","blhwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhwoo1","avibase-12CA8603",null,null,"Cochinchina.","Rapport sur quelques acquisitions nouvelles faites par la Galerie ornithologique du Muséum adressé à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-administrateurs, le 17 octobre 1865.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/404/mode/1up","Gecinus erythropygius"],["10416","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus erythropygius nigrigenis","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.441,471,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A07D7C80",null,null,"'Pakchan, Kollidoo, Darguin, and other parts of the Salween and neighboring districts of the Tenasserim provinces' ; type from Pakchan Estuary.","New species of Birds exhibited and characterized.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/464/mode/1up","Gecinus nigrigenis"],["10417","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus erythropygius erythropygius","(Elliot, 1865)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.4 p.76 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Thailand and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8A1C86B",null,null,"Cochinchina.","Rapport sur quelques acquisitions nouvelles faites par la Galerie ornithologique du Muséum adressé à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-administrateurs, le 17 octobre 1865.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/404/mode/1up","Gecinus erythropygius"],["10418","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus vaillantii","(Malherbe, 1847)","Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Metz 28 p.130","Levaillant's Woodpecker","Levaillant's Woodpecker","Maghreb Green Woodpecker",null,null,"mountains of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681474","levwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/levwoo1","avibase-42CF31E9",null,null,"Algeria.","Première suite au catalogue raisonné d'oiseaux de l'Algérie.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33227w/f184.item","Chloropicus Vaillantii"],["10419","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus sharpei","(Saunders, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.153","Iberian Green Woodpecker","Iberian Green Woodpecker","Iberian Green Woodpecker",null,null,"Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725015","grnwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnwoo3","avibase-3D0793B8",null,null,"Spain, south of the Sierra de la Guadarrama.","On a new Species of Green Woodpecker from Southern Europe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/193/mode/1up","Gecinus sharpei"],["10420","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus viridis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113","European Green Woodpecker","Eurasian Green Woodpecker","Eurasian Green Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to submontane open wooded habitats, forest edge, parks, and towns, from southern Scandinavia and Britain eastward through Europe to western Russia, and southward to Caucasus, northern Iran, and southern Turkmenistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725022","eugwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eugwoo2","avibase-A01014FF",null,null,"Europe, = Sweden ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus viridis"],["10421","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus viridis viridis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Britain southward to France, Alps, the northern Balkans and Romania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47664249",null,null,"Europe, = Sweden ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus viridis"],["10422","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus viridis karelini","Brandt, 1841","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 9. no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe to Türkiye, northern Iran, and southwestern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9C3BC9C",null,null,"Astrabad, northern Iran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151958#page/22/mode/1up","Picus Karelini"],["10423","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picus viridis innominatus","(Zarudny & Loudon, 1905)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Zagros Mountains (southwestern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF8766C7",null,null,"Gamdalkal, Iran.","Gecinus viridis innominatus subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/63/mode/1up","Gecinus viridis innominatus"],["10424","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma","Gould, 1850","The birds of Asia 6 pt1 pl.36,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Picus flavinucha [Gould, 1834]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Chrysophlegma"],["10425","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma miniaceum","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.4 pl.4","Banded Woodpecker","Banded Woodpecker","Banded Woodpecker",null,null,"tropical rainforest and adjacent open areas in the Malayan Peninsula from far southern Myanmar and southern Thailand southward to Singapore; also in Sumatra (including Nias), Bangka and Belitung, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681428","banwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banwoo2","avibase-05CFB3D1",null,null,"Highlands of Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/10/mode/1up","Picus mineaceus"],["10426","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma miniaceum perlutum","(Kloss, 1918)","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D63E698",null,null,"Koh Lak, Siam.","On Birds recently collected in Siam. Part I. Phasianidae - Eurylaemidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/162/mode/1up","Callolophus mineatus perlutus"],["10427","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma miniaceum malaccense","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Bangka, and Belitung islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65E7E53E",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/263/mode/1up","Picus malaccensis"],["10428","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma miniaceum niasense","Büttikofer, 1896","Notes from the Leyden Museum 18 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A72DDE8",null,null,"Nias Island.","On a collection of birds from Nias.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37315#page/181/mode/1up","Chrysophlegma niasense"],["10429","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma miniaceum miniaceum","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.4 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FF0A2EE",null,null,"Highlands of Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/10/mode/1up","Picus mineaceus"],["10430","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma mentale","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.65, vol.4 pl.384","Checker-throated Woodpecker","Checker-throated Woodpecker",null,"2025-0785","Taxon <em>humii </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chrysophlegma mentale</em> based on available evidence. Although differences in plumage and proportions are present, vocal and genetic differences have not been confirmed; further research warranted.","humid forest in the Malay Peninsula from far southern Myanmar to southern Peninsular Malaysia, and in Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo and Java",null,null,null,"chtwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtwoo1","avibase-FE28266C",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/109/mode/1up","Picus mentalis"],["10431","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma mentale humii","Hargitt, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.231-232",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and southern peninsular Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B808848F",null,null,"Malacca (male) and Klang, Salangor (female).","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVI. On some new Species of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/261/mode/1up","Chrysophlegma humii"],["10432","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma mentale mentale","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.65, vol.4 pl.384",null,null,null,null,null,"evergreen and mossy forest of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C58A1925",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/109/mode/1up","Picus mentalis"],["10433","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha","(Gould, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.11 p.120","Greater Yellownape","Greater Yellownape","Greater Yellownape",null,null,"lowland to montane forest from northern and east-central India eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Malayan Peninsula highlands and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681437","greyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greyel1","avibase-B122779F",null,null,"Himalayas and the lower regions of India.","Exhibition of a Woodpecker, regarded as new to science.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/134/mode/1up","Picus flavinucha"],["10434","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha kumaonense","Koelz, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1452 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills northern northern India (Uttarakhand) and possibly to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C57A5B4",null,null,"Kathgodam, Naini Tal Dist., United Provinces, India","New subspecies of birds from southwestern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4237/","Chrysophlegma flavinucha kumaonensis"],["10435","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha flavinucha","(Gould, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.11 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills from central Nepal to northeastern and eastern India (south to Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh) and eastward to Myanmar, southern China (southern Sichuan and Yunnan), and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6682E00D",null,null,"Himalayas and the lower regions of India.","Exhibition of a Woodpecker, regarded as new to science.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/134/mode/1up","Picus flavinucha"],["10436","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha ricketti","Styan, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (Tonkin) to southeastern China (Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDF34D43",null,null,"Ching Ting, Fukien.","[Exhibition of a new Woodpecker from Fokien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/478/mode/1up","Chrysophlegma ricketti"],["10437","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha styani","Ogilvie-Grant, 1899","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.20 p.585",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan and immediately adjacent mainland China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-808F7168",null,null,"Lower slopes of Five-finger Mts., Hainan.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds from the Interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/645/mode/1up","Chrysophlegma styani"],["10438","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha pierrei","(Oustalet, 1889)","Le Naturaliste 11 p.44,45",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand to southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6508A78E",null,null,"Cochinchina.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Pic de la Cochinchine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39882#page/51/mode/1up","Picus (Chrysophlegma) Pierrei"],["10439","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha wrayi","Sharpe, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.3, no.20 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8E53BB8",null,null,"Gunong Batu Putch, 3400-4000 feet, Perak.","List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the Main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/341/mode/1up","Chrysophlegma wrayi"],["10440","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha mystacale","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-591EB740",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/188/mode/1up","Chrysophlegma mystacalis"],["10441","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysophlegma flavinucha korinchi","Chasen, 1940","Treubia 17, no.4 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-471D2D7F",null,null,"Soengaikoem-bang, 4500 feet, Sumatra.","A new Woodpecker from Sumatra.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i4.2572","Chrysophlegma flavinucha korinchi"],["10442","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.124.",null,null,null,"2025-0807","Taxa <em>caroli </em>and <em>nivosus </em>are placed in the genus <em>Pardipicus </em>based on genetic evidence. Formerly placed in <em>Campethera</em>, multilocus DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2006; Shakya et al. 2017) indicate a deep divergence between <em>Pardipicus</em> and <em>Campethera sensu stricto</em>. Recognition of <em>Pardipicus </em>also avoids the need to include the distinctive <em>Geocolaptes olivaceus</em> in <em>Campethera </em>to resolve paraphyly (Fuchs et al. 2006; Shakya et al. 2017).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chloropicus Caroli [Malherbe, 1852]; type by subsequent designation",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false","Pardipicus"],["10443","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus caroli","(Malherbe, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.550","Brown-eared Woodpecker","Brown-eared Woodpecker","Brown-eared Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary forest, dense secondary growth, and plantations, from Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan and far western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680941","brewoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brewoo1","avibase-01C9752D",null,null,"Gabon, West Africa","Description de nouvelles espèces de Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/602/mode/1up","Chloropicus Caroli"],["10444","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus caroli arizelus","(Oberholser, 1899)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1182 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A37DC0D4",null,null,"Mt. Cofifee, Liberia.","A List of the Birds collected by Mr. R. P. Currie in Liberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/59/mode/1up","Dendromus caroli arizelus"],["10445","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus caroli caroli","(Malherbe, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"Benin to Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41FE0937",null,null,"Gabon, West Africa","Description de nouvelles espèces de Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/602/mode/1up","Chloropicus Caroli"],["10446","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus nivosus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.162","Buff-spotted Woodpecker","Buff-spotted Woodpecker","Buff-spotted Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, wooded savanna, mangroves, and cacao plantations, from Senegambia eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southwestern South Sudan and far western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola, and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680937","buswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buswoo1","avibase-02E56D98",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/194/mode/1up","Dendromus nivosus"],["10447","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus nivosus nivosus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to western Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-216E1B9E",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/194/mode/1up","Dendromus nivosus"],["10448","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus nivosus poensis","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A96507D",null,null,"Besoso, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/405/mode/1up","Campothera poensis"],["10449","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Pardipicus nivosus herberti","(Alexander, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic and far southwestern South Sudan to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, central Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0311C166",null,null,"B wande, Ubangi River , and Bugoma Forest, Unyoro.","Exhibition of eight new species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/115/mode/1up","Dendromus herberti"],["10450","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Geocolaptes","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.315,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus terrestris [Burchell, 1824]; type by original designation and monotypy = Picus olivaceus J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/455/mode/1up","Geocolaptes"],["10451","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Geocolaptes olivaceus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.431","Ground Woodpecker","Ground Woodpecker","Ground Woodpecker",null,null,"South Africa and Lesotho",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680945","growoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/growoo1","avibase-D1B9D410",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/443/mode/1up","Picus olivaceus"],["10452","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera","Gray, 1841","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dendromus brachyrhynchus [Swainson, 1837]; type by original designation = Picus maculosus Valenciennes, 1826",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/90/mode/1up","Campethera"],["10453","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera tullbergi","Sjöstedt, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.199 p.313","Tullberg's Woodpecker","Tullberg's Woodpecker","Tullberg's Woodpecker","2025-0783","Taxon <em>taeniolaema </em>(polytypic, including <em>hausburgi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Campethera tullbergi</em> based on pronounced differences in underparts plumage, supported by divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2017a). Vocalizations are poorly known and a formal bioacoustic analysis may be informative.","mountains of southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon; Bioko Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726364","tulwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tulwoo2","avibase-D2718676",null,null,"Itoki Na N'Golo, Cameroons.","Neue Vogelarten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/327/mode/1up","Campothera Tullbergi"],["10454","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera taeniolaema","Reichenow & Neumann, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.73-74","Fine-banded Woodpecker","Fine-banded Woodpecker","Fine-banded Woodpecker","2025-0783","Taxon <em>taeniolaema </em>(polytypic, including <em>hausburgi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Campethera tullbergi</em> based on pronounced differences in underparts plumage, supported by divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2017a). Vocalizations are poorly known and a formal bioacoustic analysis may be informative.","foothill and montane forest from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Kenya, and southward to Burundi and far western and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726358","tulwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tulwoo3","avibase-D0A5FADB",null,null,"Guasso-Massai and Eldoma Station, Kenya Colony.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/89/mode/1up","Campothera taeniolaema"],["10455","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera taeniolaema taeniolaema","Reichenow & Neumann, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.73-74",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi, western Tanzania, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-341F4A4D",null,null,"Guasso-Massai and Eldoma Station, Kenya Colony.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/89/mode/1up","Campothera taeniolaema"],["10456","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera taeniolaema hausburgi","Sharpe, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya (east of Rift Valley) and far northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85AEB5FE",null,null,"Mt. Kenya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/68/mode/1up","Campothera hausburgi"],["10457","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera maculosa","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.173","Green-backed Woodpecker","Green-backed Woodpecker",null,"2025-0784","Taxa <em>permista </em>and <em>cailliautii </em>(polytypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Campethera maculosa</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as two or three species based on plumage, taxon <em>permista </em>is only weakly differentiated from <em>maculosa </em>and hybridizes with the phenotypically distinctive <em>cailliautii </em>(Chapin 1952; Prigogine 1987). Divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2017a) is modest, and vocalizations of all seem similar, suggesting they are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","lowland and foothill forest and forest edge, riparian and miombo woodland, and thornscrub savanna, from Senegal and Guinea-Bissau eastward to southwestern Ethiopia, and southward to northern Angola and Mozambique",null,null,null,"grbwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbwoo2","avibase-BD7C4F70",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/179/mode/1up","Picus maculosus"],["10458","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera maculosa permista","(Reichenow, 1876)","Journal für Ornithologie 24, no.133 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ghana eastward to far southwestern South Sudan and southwestern Uganda, southward to northern Angola, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE1B98E2",null,null,"Gold Coast, Cameroons and Gaboon = Gaboon ex Malherbe, Monogr. Picidees, 2, 1862, p. 152.","[Über die Synonymie einer Spechart von Westafrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101769#page/111/mode/1up","Picus (Campothera) permistus"],["10459","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera maculosa nyansae","(Neumann, 1900)","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.2 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ethiopia to southwestern Kenya, northwestern Tanzania, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FFD3A5E",null,null,"Mwanza, Tanganyika Territory.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/214/mode/1up","Dendromus malherbei nyansae"],["10460","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera maculosa cailliautii","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.540",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Somalia through Kenya to northeastern Tanzania; Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65EEF1D4",null,null,"Africa; Mombasa designated by C. H. B. Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 454, 455.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/576/mode/1up","Chrysopicos Cailliautii"],["10461","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera maculosa loveridgei","Hartert, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tanzania to far eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCA8D034",null,null,"Morogoro, Tanganyika Territory.","On behalf of Dr. E. Hartert, exhibition of a new species of Woodpecker from Dar-es-Salaam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/407/mode/1up","Campethera loveridgei"],["10462","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera maculosa maculosa","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Guinea-Bissau to central Ghana and Liberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE1533FC",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/179/mode/1up","Picus maculosus"],["10463","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera nubica","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41","Nubian Woodpecker","Nubian Woodpecker","Nubian Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to montane bushy grassland, acacia savanna, and riverine woodland, from southern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680887","nubwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nubwoo1","avibase-70170649",null,null,"Nubia, based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum, pl. 667.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Picus Nubicus"],["10464","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera nubica nubica","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan to Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0183D15",null,null,"Nubia, based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum, pl. 667.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Picus Nubicus"],["10465","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera nubica pallida","(Sharpe, 1902)","Ibis ser.8, vol.2, no.8 p.638",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia and coastal Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57C9FF21",null,null,"Lamu, Kenya Colony.","List of Birds obtained in British East Africa. Part III. With Notes by R. Bowdler Sharpe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110610#page/720/mode/1up","Dendromus pallidus"],["10466","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera punctuligera","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.27,  sp.36","Fine-spotted Woodpecker","Fine-spotted Woodpecker","Fine-spotted Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland wooded savanna, and acacia grassland with scattered trees, from southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward through southern Chad to southwestern Sudan, western South Sudan, and southward to Central African Republic and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680883","fiswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fiswoo1","avibase-390F1E35",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/69/mode/1up","Picus punctuligerus"],["10467","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera punctuligera punctuligera","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.27,  sp.36",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania southward to Sierra Leone, eastward to Central African Republic, southern Chad (and adjacent southwestern Sudan?), and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40B32F9B",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/69/mode/1up","Picus punctuligerus"],["10468","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera punctuligera balia","(Heuglin, 1871)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.810",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan and far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3051B747",null,null,"Djur and Bongo, upper Bahr el Ghazal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105306#page/402/mode/1up","Picus balius"],["10469","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera scriptoricauda","(Reichenow, 1896)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.131","Speckle-throated Woodpecker","Speckle-throated Woodpecker","Reichenow's Woodpecker",null,null,"central and eastern Tanzania to southeastern Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680897","reiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reiwoo1","avibase-C5585051",null,null,"No locality, the type in the Berlin Museum is from Bumi, Tanganyika, Territory.","Über einige afrikanische Spechte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/147/mode/1up","Dendromus scriptoricauda"],["10470","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera bennettii","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.53","Bennett's Woodpecker","Bennett's Woodpecker","Bennett's Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid acacia brushy woodland, and miombo and gusu (Baikiaea) woodland, from central Angola through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to eastern Tanzania, and southward to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730259","benwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/benwoo1","avibase-FD3EA943",null,null,"'Country about and beyond Kurrichaine' = western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/133/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus Bennettii"],["10471","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera bennettii bennettii","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51CF8BDE",null,null,"'Country about and beyond Kurrichaine' = western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/133/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus Bennettii"],["10472","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera bennettii capricorni","Strickland, 1853","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.155-156",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, and southwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7E39439",null,null,"Damaraland.","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/205/mode/1up","Campethera capricorni"],["10473","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera notata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.11","Knysna Woodpecker","Knysna Woodpecker","Knysna Woodpecker",null,null,"coastal southern South Africa (Western Cape eastward to far southern KwaZulu-Natal)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680910","knywoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/knywoo1","avibase-63BE6621",null,null,"'Terra Caffrorum'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/31/mode/1up","Picus notatus"],["10474","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera mombassica","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.262","Mombasa Woodpecker","Mombasa Woodpecker","Mombasa Woodpecker",null,null,"southern Somalia to coastal Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680906","momwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/momwoo1","avibase-BA63C545",null,null,"Mombasa.","Neue Vogelarten aus Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/274/mode/1up","Picus (Campothera) mombassicus"],["10475","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera abingoni","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.53","Golden-tailed Woodpecker","Golden-tailed Woodpecker","Golden-tailed Woodpecker",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill open woodland, brushy savanna, thickets, and coastal forest, from Senegambia and southern Mali eastward to southern South Sudan and southwestern Kenya, and southward to eastern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680902","gotwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gotwoo1","avibase-CD2F7C98",null,null,"About and beyond Kurrichane (i.e. Zeerust district of the western Transvaal). The locality Port Natal, i.e. Durban, Natal has incorrectly been used in the past (see Clancey 1965 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126842#page/98/mode/1up)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/133/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus Abingoni"],["10476","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera abingoni chrysura","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4F14B78",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/190/mode/1up","Dendromus chrysurus"],["10477","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera abingoni kavirondensis","Van Someren, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47, no.310 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Rwanda to northern Tanzania and southwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DDD06F4",null,null,"Lolgorien, South Kavirondo.","Description of a new subspecies of Woodpecker from S. Kavirondo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/106/mode/1up","Campothera abingdoni kavirondensis"],["10478","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera abingoni suahelica","(Reichenow, 1902)","Die Vögel Afrikas 2 pt1 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tanzania to eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and northern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-134D42F4",null,null,"Tanganyika Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48992#page/203/mode/1up","Dendromus chrysurus suahelicus"],["10479","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera abingoni abingoni","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola to eastward to western Tanzania, and southward to northeastern Namibia, Botswana, northwestern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89670B46",null,null,"About and beyond Kurrichane (i.e. Zeerust district of the western Transvaal). The locality Port Natal, i.e. Durban, Natal has incorrectly been used in the past (see Clancey 1965 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126842#page/98/mode/1up)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/133/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus Abingoni"],["10480","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera abingoni anderssoni","(Roberts, 1936)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to Namibia, southwestern Botswana, and northern South Africa (east to North West and Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7CB93A6",null,null,"Windhoek, Damaraland, South-West Africa.","Ornithological notes. New South African Birds,&.",null,"Chrysoptilopicus abingoni anderssoni"],["10481","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campethera abingoni constricta","Clancey, 1965","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 85 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Eswatini, far southern Mozambique, and eastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FAB86C8",null,null,"Gillits, near Kloof, Natal, alt. 2000 feet","On the type locality of Campethera abingoni abingoni (Smith), 1836.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126842#page/99/mode/1up","Campethera abingoni constricta"],["10482","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.122",null,null,null,"2025-0804","Taxa <em>lineatus, pileatus,</em> and <em>schulzii </em>are placed in <em>Dryocopus </em>based on available evidence. Sometimes separated in the genus <em>Hylatomus </em>based on putative paraphyly; however, mitochondrial DNA (Winkler et al. 2014) and multilocus data (Fuchs et al. 2006; Shakya et al. 2017) indicate a deep unresolved polytomy between <em>Dryocopus</em>, <em>Mulleripicus</em>, and species assigned to <em>Hylatomus</em>. Pending further research to determine generic limits, the more traditional two-genus arrangement, <em>Dryocopus </em>and the distinctive <em>Mulleripicus</em>, is adopted.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus pulverulentus [Temminck, 1826]; type by monotypy",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false","Mulleripicus"],["10483","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus fuliginosus","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.534","Southern Sooty Woodpecker","Southern Sooty-Woodpecker","Southern Sooty Woodpecker",null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727234","sousow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sousow1","avibase-009C0626",null,null,"Surigao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/548/mode/1up","Mulleripicus fuliginosus"],["10484","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus funebris","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.179","Northern Sooty Woodpecker","Northern Sooty-Woodpecker","Northern Sooty Woodpecker",null,null,"Luzon group (northern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727226","soowoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soowoo1","avibase-9FDB05FE",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/185/mode/1up","Picus funebris"],["10485","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus funebris mayri","Gilliard, 1949","The Auk 66, no.3 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0CFD264",null,null,"Cape Engaño, Luzon.","FIVE NEW BIRDS FROM THE PHILIPPINES","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol66/iss3/5/","Mulleripicus funebris mayri"],["10486","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus funebris funebris","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (central and southern Luzon, Catanduanes, and Marinduque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF057866",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/185/mode/1up","Picus funebris"],["10487","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus funebris parkesi","Manuel, 1958","The Philippine Journal of Science 86 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Polillo Island (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F8077C1",null,null,"Polillo Island [Philippines]","Resident birds of Polillo Island.",null,"Mulleripicus funebris parkesi"],["10488","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus fulvus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.228","Ashy Woodpecker","Ashy Woodpecker","Ashy Woodpecker",null,null,"Sulawesi group",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681575","ashwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashwoo1","avibase-8D1CF2FF",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/286/mode/1up","Picus fulvus"],["10489","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus fulvus fulvus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi including Bangka, Lembeh, and Manterawu, and Togian islands (off northeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB477C62",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/286/mode/1up","Picus fulvus"],["10490","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus fulvus wallacei","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.533",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi, including Muna and Buton islands (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79CBF0BA",null,null,"Macassar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/547/mode/1up","Mulleripicus Wallacei"],["10491","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus pulverulentus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.4 pl.389","Great Slaty Woodpecker","Great Slaty Woodpecker","Great Slaty Woodpecker",null,null,"terai zone of northern India and Nepal eastward through northeastern India to northern Myanmar, southwestern China, and Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Palawan group",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681585","grswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grswoo1","avibase-F6ED89EE",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/55/mode/1up","Picus pulverulentus"],["10492","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus pulverulentus mohun","Ripley, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India and Nepal to northern Arunachal Pradesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8CDACBD",null,null,"Camtschatca [=Kamtchatka, Russia]","New birds from Nepal and the Indian region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/339/mode/1up","Mulleripicus pulverulentus mohun"],["10493","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus pulverulentus harterti","Hesse, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India south of the Brahmaputra River to northern Myanmar, southwestern China, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CD1791B",null,null,"Assam, and Burma to Tenasserim; the types listed by Hesse, 1912, p. 232, are from Pya, Upper Chindwin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/198/mode/1up","Mulleripicus pulverulentus harterti"],["10494","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Mulleripicus pulverulentus pulverulentus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.4 pl.389",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Palawan group",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C34A8369",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/55/mode/1up","Picus pulverulentus"],["10495","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.977",null,null,null,"2025-0804","Taxa <em>lineatus, pileatus,</em> and <em>schulzii </em>are placed in <em>Dryocopus </em>based on available evidence. Sometimes separated in the genus <em>Hylatomus </em>based on putative paraphyly; however, mitochondrial DNA (Winkler et al. 2014) and multilocus data (Fuchs et al. 2006; Shakya et al. 2017) indicate a deep unresolved polytomy between <em>Dryocopus</em>, <em>Mulleripicus</em>, and species assigned to <em>Hylatomus</em>. Pending further research to determine generic limits, the more traditional two-genus arrangement, <em>Dryocopus </em>and the distinctive <em>Mulleripicus</em>, is adopted.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus martius [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/537/mode/1up","Dryocopus"],["10496","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus pileatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113","Pileated Woodpecker","Pileated Woodpecker","Pileated Woodpecker",null,null,"coniferous and deciduous forest from western Canada southward along the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada to central California, USA, and along the Rocky Mountains to northern Idaho and western Montana, eastward across central Canada to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, southward in central Canada and USA, west of the Great Lakes, to eastern Texas and the Gulf of Mexico coast, and southward along the Atlantic coast to southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681363","pilwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo","avibase-00635FF9",null,null,"America := South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus pileatus"],["10497","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus pileatus abieticola","(Bangs, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.2 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"southern British Columbia to central California and northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-354FB3DF",null,null,"Greenville, Maine.","Some new races of birds from eastern North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss2/10/","Ceophloeus pileatus abieticola"],["10498","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus pileatus pileatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern USA from Illinois to Virginia, Texas, and Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-571C6995",null,null,"America := South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus pileatus"],["10499","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus schulzii","(Cabanis, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.102","Black-bodied Woodpecker","Black-bodied Woodpecker","Black-bodied Woodpecker",null,null,"dry forest of southern Bolivia to central Paraguay and north-central Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681373","blbwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbwoo3","avibase-43089030",null,null,"Tucumán (central Argentina)","[Über die Sammlungen welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz im nördlichen Argentinien zusammengebracht worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/114/mode/1up","Phloeotomus Schulzi"],["10500","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus lineatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.174","Lineated Woodpecker","Lineated Woodpecker",null,"2025-0787","Taxon <em>fuscipennis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dryocopus lineatus</em> based on minor plumage differences, apparent lack of vocal differences, and evidence of intergradation.","humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León and in the Pacific slope from southern Sonora, southeastward across Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula and Belize, to eastern Panama; in most lowland areas of northern and central South America from northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys and west of the Andes southward across Pacific Colombia to northwestern Peru, in Lambeyeque; east of the Andes from northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin and interior Brazil to Paraguay, northern and eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina southward to Corrientes and Chaco; in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte southward to Rio Grande do Sul",null,null,null,"linwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linwoo1","avibase-3CD8FECC",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/178/mode/1up","Picus lineatus"],["10501","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus lineatus scapularis","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sonora to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-627E8D79",null,null,"San Blas [Nayarit], Mexico.","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/366/mode/1up","Picus scapularis"],["10502","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus lineatus similis","(Lesson, 1847)","Description de mammiferes et d'oiseaux récemment découverts, precédée d'un tableau sur les races humaines p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0D44691",null,null,"San Carlos, Central America = La Union, El Salvador.",null,null,"Picus similis"],["10503","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus lineatus lineatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Costa Rica to western Colombia, eastern Peru, northern Paraguay, and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B8F611D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/178/mode/1up","Picus lineatus"],["10504","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus lineatus fuscipennis","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527A0279",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/368/mode/1up","Dryocopus fuscipennis"],["10505","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus lineatus erythrops","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47EDEC72",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/184/mode/1up","Picus erythrops"],["10506","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus martius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112","Black Woodpecker","Black Woodpecker","Black Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to submontane open mature forest, from Scandinavia, France, and Spain eastward to Kamchatka and Sakhalin (Russia) and northern Japan (southward to northern Honshu), and southward to Caucasus, south-central and northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula; northern populations partly migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681382","blawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blawoo1","avibase-EDB4BBA6",null,null,"Europe, = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Picus martius"],["10507","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus martius martius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous and beech forest of Europe from Spain, France, and Scandinavia (northward to Arctic Circle) southward to Balkans and northern Türkiye, and eastward in broad belt across Asian taiga (southward to Altai Mountains, northern Mongolia) to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu), northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula; also Caucasus and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D49775D",null,null,"Europe, = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Picus martius"],["10508","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus martius khamensis","(Buturlin, 1908)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 13 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (Qinghai and eastern Tibet to northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2F9FDAC",null,null,"Eastern slope of the great plateau of Tibet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37010#page/431/mode/1up","Picus khamensis"],["10509","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus hodgei","(Blyth, 1860)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 29, no.1 p.105","Andaman Woodpecker","Andaman Woodpecker","Andaman Woodpecker",null,null,"high evergreen forest of Andaman Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681379","andwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andwoo1","avibase-D7D03D65",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114409#page/123/mode/1up","Mulleripicus Hodgei"],["10510","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.175","White-bellied Woodpecker","White-bellied Woodpecker","White-bellied Woodpecker",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane humid forest, pine and dry dipterocarp forest, and bamboo, in southwestern and southeastern India, and in North Korea, and patchy from Myanmar and southern China southward through southeastern Asia and Philippines to Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681376","whbwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwoo2","avibase-08741518",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/194/mode/1up","Picus Javensis"],["10511","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis hodgsonii","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11 p.215 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67BAA9F3",null,null,"Indian Peninsula; restricted type locality, Telicherry.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/275/mode/1up","Malacolophus (Hemilophus) Hodgsonii"],["10512","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis richardsi","Tristram, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.386 pl.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Korea; extirpated from Tsushima Island (Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FB68707",null,null,"Tsushima.","Description of a new Species of Woodpecker from the Island of Tzus Sima, near Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/122/mode/1up","Dryocopus richardsi"],["10513","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis forresti","Rothschild, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Myanmar and adjacent southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BA0F50F",null,null,"Mekong Valley, Yunnan.","Description of new species and subspecies of Yunnan Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/415/mode/1up","Dryocopus forresti"],["10514","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis feddeni","(Blyth, 1863)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 32, no.1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Thailand, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20C463D5",null,null,"Burma = Pegu.","Report of the Curator, Zoological Department (Continued from Vol. XXXI. p. 345.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115344#page/91/mode/1up","Mulleripicus Feddeni"],["10515","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis javensis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas and offshore islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-897E63B0",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/194/mode/1up","Picus Javensis"],["10516","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis parvus","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38D1671A",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of eight new birds from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/225/mode/1up","Thriponax parvus"],["10517","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis hargitti","(Sharpe, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.7 p.317 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97DAEB28",null,null,"Palawan.","On a Collection of Birds made in Southern Palawan by Mr. E. Lemprière.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/361/mode/1up","Thriponax hargitti"],["10518","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis esthloterus","Parkes, 1971","Nemouria no.4 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16A15C54",null,null,"Haight's Place, Benguet Subprovince, Mountain Province, Luzon","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/87/mode/1up","Dryocopus javensis esthloterus"],["10519","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis confusus","(Stresemann, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.317,318",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5142779",null,null,"Mt. Arayat, Luzon, Philippines","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/337/mode/1up","Thriponax javensis confusus"],["10520","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis pectoralis","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Philippines (Leyte, Samar, Panaon, Calicoan, and Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B542240E",null,null,"Leyte.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. VI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Leyte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/414/mode/1up","Thriponax pectoralis"],["10521","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis multilunatus","(McGregor, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan, Dinagat, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFAC2F1E",null,null,"Isabella, Basilan.","Notes on a collection of birds from the Island of Basilan with descriptions of three new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/399/mode/1up","Thriponax multilunatus"],["10522","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis suluensis","(Blasius, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-398F28D7",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago.","Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse von Dr. Platen's ornithologischen Forschungen auf den Sulu-Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/152/mode/1up","Thriponax javensis var. nov. suluënsis"],["10523","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis philippinensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Panay, Negros, Masbate, and Guimaras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A588E93",null,null,"Guimaras and Masbate.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/12/mode/1up","Thriponax Philippensis"],["10524","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis cebuensis","Kennedy, 1987","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Cebu (central Philippines); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-388C6559",null,null,"Pandai, Cebu Island, Philippines","New subspecies of Dryocopus javensis (Aves: Picidae) and Ficedula hyperythra (Aves: Muscicapidae) from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107532#page/58/mode/1up","Dryocopus javensis cebuensis"],["10525","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryocopus javensis mindorensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindoro (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80BBEA6E",null,null,"Mindoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/12/mode/1up","Thriponax Mindorensis"],["10526","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.542",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus flavescens [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 55).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/297/mode/1up","Celeus"],["10527","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus torquatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52","Ringed Woodpecker","Ringed Woodpecker","Ringed Woodpecker","2025-0789","Taxa <em>occidentalis </em>and <em>tinnunculus </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Celeus torquatus</em> based on available evidence. Although phenotypic differences are present, intra-taxon variability in plumage and vocalizations, coupled with a poorly known hybrid zone between <em>torquatus </em>and <em>occidentalis</em>, indicates the need for further study, including genetics, before implementing any splits.","varied forest types in lowlands and hills of Amazonia, the Guiana Shield, and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, from eastern Ecuador east through northeastern Venezuela and eastward to Maranhão, in southern to north-central Bolivia and Mato Grosso (central Brazil); disjunctly from Bahia to Espírito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681353","rinwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinwoo1","avibase-E07BFF55",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 863.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Picus torquatus"],["10528","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus torquatus torquatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and southward to northern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Branco eastward to Pará and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6E6272D",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 863.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Picus torquatus"],["10529","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus torquatus occidentalis","(Hargitt, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.230-231",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, and western and central Amazonian Brazil (southeastern to northern, and Mato Grosso and western Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-797B6985",null,null,"Upper Ucayali, Peru (male); Brazil (female).","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVI. On some new Species of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/260/mode/1up","Cerchneipicus occidentalis"],["10530","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus torquatus tinnunculus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.516",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF487428",null,null,"Brazil.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/264/mode/1up","Picus Tinnunculus"],["10531","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus loricatus","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.405 pl.DCLXXXI fig.4495,4496","Cinnamon Woodpecker","Cinnamon Woodpecker","Cinnamon Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest and edge of lowlands to foothills on Caribbean slope of eastern Nicaragua to western Panama, thence both slopes to Colombia, extending through much of northwestern Colombia, and southward west of Andes to southern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681317","cinwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinwoo1","avibase-9556A2DB",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/445/mode/1up","Meiglyptes loricatus"],["10532","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus loricatus diversus","Ridgway, 1914","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.6 p.145 (key p.140)",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of eastern Nicaragua to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-182DAC2B",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica ; type from Talamanca, fide Cory, antea, p. 453.","The Birds of North and Middle America. Part VI. Families Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Tytonidae, Bubonidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32848#page/173/mode/1up","Celeus loricatus diversus"],["10533","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus loricatus mentalis","Cassin, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama to far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEE238F1",null,null,"Turbo, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17942#page/143/mode/1up","Celeus mentalis"],["10534","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus loricatus innotatus","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1DEC42F",null,null,"Jaraquiel, Bolívar, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/25/mode/1up","Celeus innotatus"],["10535","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus loricatus loricatus","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.405 pl.DCLXXXI fig.4495,4496",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador (Guayas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C4A45D2",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/445/mode/1up","Meiglyptes loricatus"],["10536","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus ochraceus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.59, pl.51, f.1","Ochre-backed Woodpecker","Ochre-backed Woodpecker","Ochre-backed Woodpecker",null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River in Pará); northeastern Brazil, from Maranhão southward to northern Goiás and eastward to Ceará, Pernambuco, and western Bahia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61536248","blcwoo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwoo5","avibase-DF220B1F",null,null,"'in sylvis Amazonum'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/79/mode/1up","Picus ochraceus"],["10537","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus flavescens","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.427","Blond-crested Woodpecker","Blond-crested Woodpecker","Blond-crested Woodpecker",null,null,"gallery forest in the Cerrado of interior Brazil, and humid forest in the Atlantic Forest of coastal Brazil, from southern Piauí, northern Goiás, northern Mato Grosso, and central Bahia southward to southern Paraná, northern Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Paraguay, and northernmost Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61536191","blcwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwoo4","avibase-CF5A6539",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Cory, antea, p. 448.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/439/mode/1up","Picus flavescens"],["10538","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus flavescens intercedens","Hellmayr, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (western Bahia to Goiás and Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BE23D90",null,null,"Fazenda Esperança, Goiaz [=Goiás].","An account of the birds collected by Mons. G. A. Baer in the State of Goyaz, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/98/mode/1up","Celeus flavescens intercedens"],["10539","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus flavescens flavescens","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03488A06",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Cory, antea, p. 448.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/439/mode/1up","Picus flavescens"],["10540","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus lugubris","(Malherbe, 1851)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle cahier6 p.77","Pale-crested Woodpecker","Pale-crested Woodpecker","Pale-crested Woodpecker",null,null,"semi-deciduous forest and wooland in the Cerrado and Chaco from northern Bolivia and eastern Bolivia eastward to Mato Grosso, in Brazil, and southward across Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay to northern Argentina, southward to northern Santa Fe and western Corrientes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681338","pacwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacwoo1","avibase-5C444ECB",null,null,"Brazil; Mato Grosso designated as type locality by Naumburg, antea, p. 181.","Notes sur quelques espèces de Picinées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105389#page/83/mode/1up","Celeopicus lugubris"],["10541","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus lugubris lugubris","(Malherbe, 1851)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle cahier6 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia and southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82914A83",null,null,"Brazil; Mato Grosso designated as type locality by Naumburg, antea, p. 181.","Notes sur quelques espèces de Picinées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105389#page/83/mode/1up","Celeopicus lugubris"],["10542","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus lugubris kerri","Hargitt, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.12 p.605",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay and southern Mato Grosso to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-147AF358",null,null,"Río Pilcomayo; type from Fortin Donovan.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVIII. On two new Species from the Pilcomayo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/637/mode/1up","Celeus kerri"],["10543","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus elegans","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.92","Chestnut Woodpecker","Chestnut Woodpecker","Chestnut Woodpecker",null,null,"tropical rainforest from northern Venezuela, including the Paría Peninsula, Trinidad and the Guianas southwestward across the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins to eastern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia; in Amazonian Brazil eastward to northern Maranhão and southward to central and eastern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681331","chewoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chewoo2","avibase-9DD65284",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/112/mode/1up","Picus elegans"],["10544","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus elegans hellmayri","Berlepsch, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.2 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to Guyana and Suriname, and far northern Brazil (northern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A90EBC03",null,null,"British Guiana; Cory antea, p. 450, note d. suggests Cumacusa, Mazaruni River.","On the Birds of Cayenne. (Continued from p. 164).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/292/mode/1up","Celeus elegans hellmayri"],["10545","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus elegans deltanus","Phelps & Phelps, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A7FF984",null,null,"Jobure, Río Jobure, TerritoRío Delta Amacuro, Venezuela, sea level","Seven new subspecies of Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/351/mode/1up","Celeus elegans deltanus"],["10546","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus elegans leotaudi","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.1 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-818BEDA7",null,null,"Valencia, Trinidad.","On the birds of the island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/53/mode/1up","Celeus elegans léotaudi"],["10547","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus elegans elegans","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana, adjacent Suriname, and northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon River (Rio Branco eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23775505",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/112/mode/1up","Picus elegans"],["10548","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus elegans citreopygius","Sclater & Salvin, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA37F91C",null,null,"Yurimaguas, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/608/mode/1up","Celeus citreopygius"],["10549","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus elegans jumanus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.57, pl.47, f.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and southern Amazonian Brazil eastward to Rio Negro and, south of the Amazon River, eastward to Maranhão, and southward to Rondônia and Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83FEAD7C",null,null,"'in Sylvis fl. Amazonum'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/77/mode/1up","Picus jumana"],["10550","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus galeatus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.4 pl.171","Helmeted Woodpecker","Helmeted Woodpecker","Helmeted Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681360","helwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helwoo1","avibase-469C98FC",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/67/mode/1up","Picus galeatus"],["10551","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus castaneus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.515","Chestnut-colored Woodpecker","Chestnut-colored Woodpecker","Chestnut-colored Woodpecker",null,null,"Gulf-Caribbean slope of southern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681327","chcwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcwoo1","avibase-D354005F",null,null,"No locality ; Veracruz, Mexico, designated by Cory, antea, p. 453, note d.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/264/mode/1up","Picus castaneus"],["10552","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.175","Variable Woodpecker","Variable Woodpecker","Waved Woodpecker","2025-0788","Taxon <em>grammicus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Celeus undatus </em>based on vocal, phenotypic, and genetic similarity assessed using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Benz &amp; Robbins 2011; Sampaio et al. 2018). Furthermore, phenotypically defined subspecies groups could not be diagnosed genetically.","tropical rainforest from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to the Amazon basin of eastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to northern Paraná and Maranhão and southward to Mato Grosso and Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155069065","wavwoo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wavwoo5","avibase-FA26F861",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/179/mode/1up","Picus undatus"],["10553","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus amacurensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2D03C5B",null,null,"Mision San Francisco de Guayo, Territorio Delta Amacuro, Venezuela, sea level","Seven new subspecies of Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/353/mode/1up","Celeus undatus amacurensis"],["10554","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus undatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon River (west from middle and lower Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A8ABAEF",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/179/mode/1up","Picus undatus"],["10555","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus multifasciatus","(Natterer & Malherbe, 1845)","Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 2 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (central Pará eastward to Rio Tocantins and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D332CAA",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54944#page/83/mode/1up","Picus multifasciatus"],["10556","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus verreauxii","(Malherbe, 1858)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador and adjacent northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56F35BFA",null,null,"Ecuador.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Piciné de la république de l'Équateur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/12/mode/1up","Celeopicus Verreauxii"],["10557","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus grammicus","(Natterer & Malherbe, 1845)","Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 2 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to northeastern Peru and western Brazil (eastward to lower Rio Negro and Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F93E9987",null,null,"Brazil ; Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro, designated by Naumburg, antea, p. 183.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54944#page/83/mode/1up","Picus grammicus"],["10558","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus subcervinus","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River, from Rio Purus eastward to lower Rio Tapajós and southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB212413",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/358/mode/1up","Celeus grammicus subcervinus"],["10559","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus undatus latifasciatus","Seilern-Aspang, 1934","Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 47 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Brazil (upper Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBA3D474",null,null,"Yahuarmayo, 1200 feet. Sierra de Carabaya, Peru.","Ornithologische Miszellen.",null,"Celeus grammicus latifasciatus"],["10560","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus flavus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.91","Cream-colored Woodpecker","Cream-colored Woodpecker","Cream-colored Woodpecker",null,null,"humid and gallery forest and mangrove in northeastern Venezuela and the Guianas southeastward to northeastern Brazil, and in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to central Bolivia and to the Brazilian Mato Grosso do Sul; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil in Alagoas southward to Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681344","crcwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcwoo2","avibase-2186DAF5",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/111/mode/1up","Picus flavus"],["10561","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus flavus flavus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia eastward through the Guianas and southward throughout Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22EB7D80",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/111/mode/1up","Picus flavus"],["10562","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus flavus subflavus","Sclater & Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Alagoas; Bahia to Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0727E9DE",null,null,"Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/47/mode/1up","Celeus subflavus"],["10563","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus obrieni","Short, 1973","Wilson Bulletin 85, no.4 p.465","Kaempfer's Woodpecker","Kaempfer's Woodpecker","Kaempfer's Woodpecker",null,null,"eastern Brazil (western Piauí)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731646","caawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caawoo1","avibase-0C9C4584",null,null,"Iriçui (124 m.), on Rio Parnaiba, Piauhy, Brazil","A new race of Celeus spectabilis from eastern Brazil.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol85/iss4/18/","Celeus spectabilis obrieni"],["10564","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus spectabilis","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.161","Rufous-headed Woodpecker","Rufous-headed Woodpecker","Rufous-headed Woodpecker",null,null,"Guadua bamboo and Gynerium cane along lowland rivers of western Amazonia from southwestern Caqueta (south-central Colombia) eastward to western Amazonas (western Brazil) and southward to Cochabamba (central Bolivia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733772","ruhwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhwoo1","avibase-BC618F4B",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/225/mode/1up","Celeus spectabilis"],["10565","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus spectabilis spectabilis","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Caqueta (south-central Colombia) to Loreto and Amazonas (north-central Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08780A19",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/225/mode/1up","Celeus spectabilis"],["10566","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Celeus spectabilis exsul","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941","Notulae Naturae no.93 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Ucayali (central Peru) and adjacent Acre and Amazonas (western Brazil) southward to Cochabamba (central Bolivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-743244FB",null,null,"Todos Santos, 1000 feet, Río Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia. Part IV.",null,"Celeus spectabilis exsul"],["10567","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.3 (index)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Piculus macrocephalus [von Spix, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Oberholser, 1923, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 36, p. 201). = Picus chrysochloros Vieillot, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/21/mode/1up","Piculus"],["10568","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus aurulentus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.10, vol.4 pl.59 fig.1","Yellow-browed Woodpecker","White-browed Woodpecker","Yellow-browed Woodpecker",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681246","whbwoo7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwoo7","avibase-00CCDD79",null,null,"Paraguay and Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/91/mode/1up","Picus aurulentus"],["10569","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus chrysochloros","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.98","Golden-green Woodpecker","Golden-green Woodpecker","Golden-green Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest and mangrove in the lowlands of eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and western Venezuela; tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southern Brazil, and eastward to Maranhão in northeastern Brazil; gallery and semi-humid forest in interior Brazil in northeastern Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte southwestward across the Cerrado and chaco to western Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and northern Argentina southward to eastern Santa Fé, in Brazil southward to southeastern Minas Gerais; and in humid forest in eastern Brazil from southern Bahia southward to Espírito Santo and eastern Minas Gerais",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681243","gogwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gogwoo1","avibase-3EB825D5",null,null,"Paraguay and Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/112/mode/1up","Picus chrysochloros"],["10570","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus chrysochloros xanthochlorus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-119E261A",null,null,"San Cristobal, Táchira, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part V.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/334/mode/1up","Chloronerpes xanthochlorus"],["10571","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus chrysochloros capistratus","(Malherbe, 1862)","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 2 p.140; 4 pl.83 fig.4,5,6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, and southeastern Colombia east, north of the Amazon River, to northeastern Brazil and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB9E0AAA",null,null,"Brazil, ex Natterer MS. ; restricted type locality, Rio Negro, Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 381, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124405#page/148/mode/1up","Chloropicus capistratus"],["10572","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus chrysochloros laemostictus","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and northern Bolivia eastward, south of the Amazon River, to central Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-760E2DB5",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivenqa, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/355/mode/1up","Piculus chrysochloros laemostictus"],["10573","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus chrysochloros paraensis","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FEDF951",null,null,"Murutucu, near Belém.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/181/mode/1up","Chloronerpes paraensis"],["10574","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus chrysochloros polyzonus","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil, from southern Bahia and eastern Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro (where perhaps now extirpated)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62017369",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/176/mode/1up","Picus polyzonus"],["10575","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus chrysochloros chrysochloros","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Brazil to Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1291541C",null,null,"Paraguay and Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/112/mode/1up","Picus chrysochloros"],["10576","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus flavigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.47,49","Yellow-throated Woodpecker","Yellow-throated Woodpecker","Yellow-throated Woodpecker",null,null,"tropical rainforest from central and eastern Venezuela, south of the Río Orinoco, eastward across the Guianas to northeastern Brazil, and southward across the Amazon basin west to eastern Ecuador, southward to northern Bolivia, and southeastward in Brazil to Mato Grosso and Tocantins; also in the Atlantic Forest of coastal Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas, and central Bahia to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681240","yetwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetwoo1","avibase-7DC1431E",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 784.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/69/mode/1up","Picus flavigula"],["10577","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus flavigula flavigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.47,49",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4D9E524",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 784.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/69/mode/1up","Picus flavigula"],["10578","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus flavigula magnus","(Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1921)","American Museum Novitates no.27 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2097A9C8",null,null,"Monte Cristo, Mato Grosso.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4595/","Chloronerpes flavigula magnus"],["10579","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus flavigula erythropis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-633E3882",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/112/mode/1up","Picus erythropis"],["10580","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus simplex","(Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.212","Rufous-winged Woodpecker","Rufous-winged Woodpecker","Rufous-winged Woodpecker",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands and foothills on Caribbean slope from eastern Guatemala to Nicaragua, thence both slopes in Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681228","ruwwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwwoo1","avibase-F68D8D7F",null,null,"Bugaba, Chiriquí.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/270/mode/1up","Chloronerpes simplex"],["10581","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus callopterus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.476","Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker","Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker","Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker",null,null,"humid lowlands and foothills on both slopes of Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681231","stcwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcwoo1","avibase-5C2BF5D0",null,null,"New Grenada = Lion Hill on the Panama Railway, Atlantic slope, Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/508/mode/1up","Chloronerpes callopterus"],["10582","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus leucolaemus","(Natterer & Malherbe, 1845)","Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 2 p.68","White-throated Woodpecker","White-throated Woodpecker","White-throated Woodpecker",null,null,"southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681237","whtwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtwoo2","avibase-B18AF355",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54944#page/82/mode/1up","Picus leucolaemus"],["10583","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Piculus litae","(Rothschild, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.70","Lita Woodpecker","Lita Woodpecker","Lita Woodpecker",null,null,"humid lowlands of western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador (Pichincha)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681234","litwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litwoo1","avibase-276D7F5E",null,null,"Lita, 3000 feet, Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of a new Woodpecker].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/230/mode/1up","Chloronerpes litae"],["10584","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes","Vigors, 1825","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14, pt.3 p.457,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cuculus auratus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,"Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13693#page/482/mode/1up","Colaptes"],["10585","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes fernandinae","Vigors, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.445","Fernandina's Flicker","Fernandina's Flicker","Fernandina's Flicker",null,null,"locally in palm groves of Cuba",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681293","ferfli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferfli1","avibase-B4C26D42",null,null,"Near Habana, Cuba.","XLVI. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. &c. [Continued from p. 246.] On some species of Birds from Cuba","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/473/mode/1up","Colaptes Fernandinae"],["10586","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes mexicanoides","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.42","Guatemalan Flicker","Guatemalan Flicker","Guatemalan Flicker","2025-0793","Two species are recognized in the <em>Colaptes auratus</em> complex based on a combination of phenotypic, vocal (Wetmore 1941), and genetic evidence: polytypic <em>C. auratus </em>(including the <em>cafer </em>group of subspecies) and monotypic <em>mexicanoides</em>. Genomic data (Manthey et al. 2017) indicate that retaining <em>C. mexicanoides</em> in <em>C. auratus </em>renders the latter species paraphyletic. Additionally, evidence of hybridization between <em>auratus </em>and <em>cafer </em>over a broad zone (Short 1965) suggests that these are best treated as conspecific.","highlands of southeastern Mexico east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec from western Chiapas eastward to northwestern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726420","norfli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norfli1","avibase-1661C375",null,null,"Mexico.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/50/mode/1up","Colaptes mexicanoides"],["10587","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes chrysoides","(Malherbe, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.553","Gilded Flicker","Gilded Flicker","Gilded Flicker",null,null,"desert of southwestern USA in Arizona, southeastern California, sothernmost Nevada, and adjacent Utah, southward in Baja California (northwestern Mexico), and along the Pacific slope of western Sonora and northernmost Sinaloa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681290","gilfli","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gilfli","avibase-28E5D551",null,null,"America; Cape San Lucas, Baja California fixed as type locality by Anthony, Auk, 12, 1895, p. 347.","Description de nouvelles espèces de Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/605/mode/1up","Geopicus (Colaptes) chrysoides"],["10588","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi","Ridgway, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern California to Arizona and northwestern Mexico (northern Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F7C3177",null,null,"Quitovaquito, Arizona.","Diagnoses of some forms of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/50/mode/1up","Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi"],["10589","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes chrysoides tenebrosus","Van Rossem, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (northern Sonora to northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E524F123",null,null,"Obregon, Sonora, Mexico.","A new race of Gilded Flicker from Sonora.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/237/mode/1up","Colaptes chrysoides tenebrosus"],["10590","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes chrysoides brunnescens","Anthony, 1895","The Auk 12, no.4 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B95823D2",null,null,"San Fernando, Baja California.","New races of Colaptes and Passerella from the Pacific coast.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss4/3/","Colaptes chrysoides brunnescens"],["10591","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes chrysoides chrysoides","(Malherbe, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-191100CF",null,null,"America; Cape San Lucas, Baja California fixed as type locality by Anthony, Auk, 12, 1895, p. 347.","Description de nouvelles espèces de Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/605/mode/1up","Geopicus (Colaptes) chrysoides"],["10592","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes oceanicus","Olson, 2013","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 126, no.1 p.18","Bermuda Flicker","Bermuda Flicker","Bermuda Flicker",null,null,"formerly Bermuda; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62322970","berfli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/berfli1","avibase-D0951D61",null,null,"Bermuda, Hamilton Parish, Admirals Cave: from tailings at red talus slope near the stump of the ‘‘Admiral’s stalagmite.’’. Collected 29 Aug 1981 by S. L. Olson, D. B. Wingate, R. Baird, and T. Iliffe. Late Pleistocene","Fossil woodpeckers from Bermuda with the description of a new species of Colaptes (Aves: Picidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274785508","Colaptes oceanicus"],["10593","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112","Northern Flicker","Northern Flicker",null,"2025-0793","Two species are recognized in the <em>Colaptes auratus</em> complex based on a combination of phenotypic, vocal (Wetmore 1941), and genetic evidence: polytypic <em>C. auratus </em>(including the <em>cafer </em>group of subspecies) and monotypic <em>mexicanoides</em>. Genomic data (Manthey et al. 2017) indicate that retaining <em>C. mexicanoides</em> in <em>C. auratus </em>renders the latter species paraphyletic. Additionally, evidence of hybridization between <em>auratus </em>and <em>cafer </em>over a broad zone (Short 1965) suggests that these are best treated as conspecific.","various habitats with standing trees and open ground from western Alaska eastward across Canada to Newfoundland, and southward across most US to southern California, northern Baja California (Mexico), southwestern Texas, the Gulf of Mexico coast and southern Florida; in Mexico southward along the Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental to northern Michoacan, northern Oaxaca, and in mountains of Guerrero to southern Oaxaca; also in Cuba and Grand Cayman Island",null,null,null,"norfli","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norfli","avibase-FF9D71AF",null,null,"Carolina, i.e., South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Cuculus auratus"],["10594","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus cafer","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Alaska and British Columbia to northern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C82DF6AD",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, error = Bay of Good Hope, Nootka Sound, British Columbia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/443/mode/1up","Picus cafer"],["10595","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus collaris","Vigors, 1829","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA to northwestern Baja California and western Mexico (Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63A874CF",null,null,"Western shores of North America = Monterey, California.","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/366/mode/1up","Colaptes collaris"],["10596","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus rufipileus","Ridgway, 1876","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (2), 2 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Guadalupe Island, Mexico; extinct, last recorded 1906","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-86DF20A9",null,null,"Guadalupe Island, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100255#page/261/mode/1up","Colaptes mexicanus rufipileus"],["10597","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus nanus","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA (Chisos Mountains, Texas) and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to Tamaulipas, southward to San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F090B53F",null,null,"Ipina, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/441/mode/1up","Colaptes cafer nanus"],["10598","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus mexicanus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico, from Nayarit and Durango eastward to Veracruz, southward to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16848FF3",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Colaptes Mexicanus"],["10599","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus luteus","Bangs, 1898","The Auk 15, no.2 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska to southern Labrador, Newfoundland, Montana, and northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5519B5E4",null,null,"Watertown, Massachusetts.","Some new races of birds from eastern North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss2/10/","Colaptes auratus luteus"],["10600","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus auratus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A09F3556",null,null,"Carolina, i.e., South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/130/mode/1up","Cuculus auratus"],["10601","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus chrysocaulosus","Gundlach, 1858","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C02BF93",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/301/mode/1up","Colaptes chrysocaulosus"],["10602","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auratus gundlachi","Cory, 1886","The Auk 3, no.4 p.498,502",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11C8626A",null,null,"Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Colaptes gundlachi"],["10603","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes melanochloros","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.427","Green-barred Woodpecker","Green-barred Woodpecker",null,"2025-0792","Taxon <em>melanolaimus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Colaptes melanochloros</em> pending further research. Although <em>melanolaimus </em>and <em>melanochloros </em>differ in plumage, shape, vocalizations, and ecology, there is evidence of extensive hybridization between them (Short 1971), discordance in the distribution of phenotypic and genomic variation, and shared mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (Kopuchian et al. 2020) in part of their range; a comprehensive genetic review is needed before implementing this split.","humid forest to savanna and desert scrub from northern Brazil, in Pará, Maranhão, and Ceará southward across interior and eastern Brazil to central Argentina (Río Negro), Paraguay, and westward to eastern and northern Bolivia and southward along the Andean Yungas to northwestern Argentina, southward to Neuquén",null,null,null,"grbwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbwoo3","avibase-9D957919",null,null,"Cayenne; error, Rio de Janeiro substituted by Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1915, p. 154.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/439/mode/1up","Picus melanochloros"],["10604","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes melanochloros melanochloros","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to southeastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE8474C5",null,null,"Cayenne; error, Rio de Janeiro substituted by Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1915, p. 154.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/439/mode/1up","Picus melanochloros"],["10605","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes melanochloros nattereri","(Malherbe, 1845)","Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 2 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil to Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3A08D40",null,null,"Brazil: Cuyabá, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54944#page/80/mode/1up","Picus Nattereri"],["10606","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes melanochloros melanolaimus","(Malherbe, 1857)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle cahier8 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"arid upland valleys of central and southern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE44647D",null,null,"Chile and Bolivia.","Description de quelques grimpeurs du genre Linnéen Picus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105437#page/23/mode/1up","Chrysopicus Melanolaimus"],["10607","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes melanochloros nigroviridis","(Grant, 1911)","Ibis ser.9, vol.5, no.18 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to western Paraguay, northern Argentina, and western Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8330CDF5",null,null,"Río Pilcomayo, Paraguay.","List of Birds collected in Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Southern Brazil, with Field-notes. Part II. Picariae - Anatidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258423#page/375/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus nigroviridis"],["10608","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes melanochloros leucofrenatus","Leybold, 1873","Leopoldina 8 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and west-central Argentina (south to Neuquén and western Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D806BE3",null,null,"Estancia la Aguirre [near San Carlos], Mendoza, Argentina.","Beschreibungen einiger Thiere und Pflanzen aus den Anden Chile's und der Argentinischen Provinzen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21987#page/61/mode/1up","Colaptes leucofrenatus"],["10609","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rivolii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.36","Crimson-mantled Woodpecker","Crimson-mantled Woodpecker",null,"2025-0790","Taxon <em>atriceps </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Colaptes rivolii</em> based on available evidence. Although plumage and vocal differences are present (Schulenberg et al. 2007), a putative hybrid zone of unknown width requires study before <em>atriceps </em>can be accepted as specifically distinct.","humid to semi-humid montane forest in the Andes from western Venezuela and the Sierra de Perijá southward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to northwestern Andes of Peru, and along the eastern Andes of Peru and southeastward to central Bolivia in westernmost Santa Cruz",null,null,null,"crmwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crmwoo2","avibase-8947FC53",null,null,"No type locality; Chipaque, 9500 feet, 15 miles east of Bogotá, designated by Chapman, 1917, p. 345.","Nouvelle espèce du genre Pic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/46/mode/1up","Picus Rivolii"],["10610","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rivolii quindiuna","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of north-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDBCB016",null,null,"Laguneta, 10300 feet. Central Andes, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Hypoxanthus rivolii quindiuna"],["10611","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rivolii zuliensis","(Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1989)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 146 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (along the border of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92110F5C",null,null,"Orope, Zulia, Venezuela","Tres nuevas subespecies de aves (Picidae, Parulidae, Thraupidae) de la Sierra de Perija, Venezuela y lista hipotetica para la avifauna Colombiana de Perija.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/tres-nuevas-subespecies-de-aves-picidae-parulidae-thraupidae-de-la-sierra-de-perija-venezuela-y-lista-hipotetica-para-la-avifauna-colombiana-de-perija/","Piculus rivolii zuliensis"],["10612","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rivolii rivolii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of east-central Colombia to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6D8818F",null,null,"No type locality; Chipaque, 9500 feet, 15 miles east of Bogotá, designated by Chapman, 1917, p. 345.","Nouvelle espèce du genre Pic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/46/mode/1up","Picus Rivolii"],["10613","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rivolii meridae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E89EA8B",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Hypoxanthus rivolii meridae"],["10614","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rivolii brevirostris","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.546",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia to central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE644888",null,null,"Higos and Chilpes, central Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/704/mode/1up","Hypoxanthus brevirostris"],["10615","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rivolii atriceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and southern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29FF56E1",null,null,"Huasampilla, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds obtained by Mr. C. Buckley in Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/312/mode/1up","Hypoxanthus atriceps"],["10616","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes pitius","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.343","Chilean Flicker","Chilean Flicker","Chilean Flicker",null,null,"humid forest and scrub of central and southern Chile and southwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681297","chifli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chifli1","avibase-F5BEB645",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=344&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Picus Pitius"],["10617","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rupicola","d'Orbigny, 1841","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.62 fig.1","Andean Flicker","Andean Flicker",null,"2025-0794","Taxon <em>cinereicapillus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Colaptes rupicola</em> based on available evidence. Plumages differ and vocal differences have been reported (Short 1982a), but a more comprehensive review of geographic patterns is needed to evaluate clinality and the extent of intergradation (Short 1972); genetic data would be informative.","paramo and puna grassland from far southern Ecuador southward across Peru to northern Chile and northern Argentina southward to Cajamarca",null,null,null,"andfli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andfli1","avibase-12DFD1C8",null,null,"La Paz, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba and Potosí, Bolivia; type from Sicasica, fide Menegaux, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (10), 1, 1909, p. 207-208.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/177/mode/1up","Colaptes rupicola"],["10618","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rupicola cinereicapillus","Reichenbach, 1854","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.416, pl.DCLXXX fig.4489-4490",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean grassland of far southern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B91D38FA",null,null,"Guayabamba, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/456/mode/1up","Colaptes cinereicapillus"],["10619","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rupicola puna","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-247FD729",null,null,"Highlands of western Peru = Jauli Valley, Peru.","[Über einen neuen Colaptes aus Tucuman].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/110/mode/1up","Colaptes puna"],["10620","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rupicola rupicola","d'Orbigny, 1841","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.62 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FE9277E",null,null,"La Paz, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba and Potosí, Bolivia; type from Sicasica, fide Menegaux, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (10), 1, 1909, p. 207-208.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/177/mode/1up","Colaptes rupicola"],["10621","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes campestris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.101","Campo Flicker","Campo Flicker",null,"2025-0795","Taxon <em>campestroides </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Colaptes campestris</em> based on minor differences in plumage (apart from throat color), vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (van Els et al. 2021), and extensive hybridization over a broad zone (Short 1972).","savanna, campos and pampa from northeastern Brazil east of the Rio Tocantins southward across eastern Brazil and Uruguay to east-central Argentina southward to Río Negro, and northwestward across Paraguay to eastern and northern Bolivia west to Beni and southwestern Brazil in Rondônia and Mato Grosso; also isolated on the Sipalawini savanna in southern Suriname and in the northernmost Amapá and northern Paraná, Brazil",null,null,null,"camfli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camfli1","avibase-C9C6D042",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/115/mode/1up","Picus campestris"],["10622","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes campestris campestris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Suriname to eastern Brazil, Bolivia, and central Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBDC85D8",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/115/mode/1up","Picus campestris"],["10623","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes campestris campestroides","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.541",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCCAFFC3",null,null,"South America.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/577/mode/1up","Geopicos (Colaptes) campestroïdes"],["10624","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes punctigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.37","Spot-breasted Woodpecker","Spot-breasted Woodpecker","Spot-breasted Woodpecker",null,null,"deciduous to humid forest and mangrove in the lowlands of eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and western Venezuela, southward in central Colombia to the upper basins of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena; west of the Andes southward to west-central Colombia, south of the Río San Juan, in Valle del Cauca; east of the Andes from northern Venezuela eastward along coastal Guianas to the mouth of the Amazon River, and from southern Venezuela southwestward across Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, western Brazil, Peru, central Bolivia, and southern Brazil in Acre, Rondônia, and adjacent Mato Grosso; in Brazil eastward along the Amazon River and northward to Roraima and adjacent southern Guyana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681272","spbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbwoo1","avibase-897E43C8",null,null,"Cayenne; based on Daubenton, pl. 613.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/59/mode/1up","Picus punctigula"],["10625","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes punctigula ujhelyii","(Madarász, 1912)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D11119",null,null,"Aracataca, south of Santa Marta, Colombia.","Beschreibung eines neuen Spechtes aus Columbien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/115/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus ujhelyii"],["10626","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes punctigula striatigularis","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.611",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-715ECFBD",null,null,"Cali, 3500 feet, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Chrysoptilus punctigula striatigularis"],["10627","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes punctigula punctipectus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.163,note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and Venezuela (except for range of zuliae)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F09E01E7",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/167/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus punctipectus"],["10628","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes punctigula zuliae","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.9 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3B00B76",null,null,"Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela.","Notes on South American birds, with descriptions of new sub-species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20394#page/11/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus punctigula zuliae"],["10629","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes punctigula punctigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9288C5AC",null,null,"Cayenne; based on Daubenton, pl. 613.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/59/mode/1up","Picus punctigula"],["10630","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes punctigula guttatus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.61, pl.53, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Ecuador to northwestern Bolivia, northeastern Brazil, and northern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C986553",null,null,"Forests of the Amazon, = Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/81/mode/1up","Picus guttatus"],["10631","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes auricularis","(Salvin & Godman, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.381","Grey-crowned Woodpecker","Gray-crowned Woodpecker","Grey-crowned Woodpecker",null,null,"Pacific slope of Mexico (southern Sonora to central Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681250","grcwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcwoo1","avibase-161DCA9C",null,null,"Xautipa, Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero.","Notes on Mexican Birds. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/411/mode/1up","Chloronerpes auricularis"],["10632","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes atricollis","(Malherbe, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.156","Black-necked Woodpecker","Black-necked Woodpecker","Black-necked Woodpecker",null,null,"varied drier woodland from lowlands to alpine zone of the western slope of the Andes and the Marañón valley region from far northern to far southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681269","blnwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnwoo1","avibase-86BE1BA3",null,null,"Peru.","Description de quelques espèces de Picinées ; (Genus Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/162/mode/1up","Chrysopicos atricollis"],["10633","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes atricollis atricollis","(Malherbe, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"west slopes of Andes from Piura southward to Tacna (far northwestern to far southwestern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00203162",null,null,"Peru.","Description de quelques espèces de Picinées ; (Genus Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/162/mode/1up","Chrysopicos atricollis"],["10634","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes atricollis peruvianus","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.419, 340 (tab.), pl.DCLXXX fig.4493-4494",null,null,null,null,null,"slopes of Marañón and Utcubamba valleys (Cajamarca and western Amazonas, northern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB4A99A5",null,null,"Peru; Cutervo designated as type locality by Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Sen, 17, 1930, p. 309.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/459/mode/1up","Chrysoptilus peruvianus"],["10635","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus","(Swainson, 1820)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1, no.3 pl.14,text","Golden-olive Woodpecker","Golden-olive Woodpecker",null,"2025-0791","Taxon <em>aeruginosus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Colaptes rubiginosus</em> pending further research. The <em>C. rubiginosus</em> complex is paraphyletic with deep mitochondrial DNA divergences (Moore et al. 2011; Dufort 2016) indicating the presence of multiple species, but the phenotypically and vocally distinct <em>aeruginosus </em>has not yet been sampled. An integrative study of genetic, vocal, and phenotypic variation in this complex is needed before making any splits.","humid to semi-humid and gallery forest from northern Mexico, in the Gulf of Mexico slopes from central Nuevo León and Tamaulipas southeastward across montane areas of Central America, including the lowlands of the Yucatan Peninsula, to western Panama; montane forest in South America from the mountains of coastal Venezuela eastward to the Paría Peninsula and Trinidad and Tobago, southward to the tepuis and hills of eastern and southern Venezuela, northernmost Brazil, and the Guianas; in the Andes from western Venezuela, Sierra de Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in Colombia, southward across the Andes of Colombia to northwestern Argentina, southward to Catamarca; and west of the Andes in the Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,"goowoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goowoo1","avibase-1161239F",null,null,"'Spanish Main' = Caracas, Venezuela, by designation of Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 13, 1918, p. 315, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/99/mode/1up","Picus rubiginosus"],["10636","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus yucatanensis","(Cabot, 1844)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CF7D193",null,null,"Yucatan; type from the road between Chemax and Yalahao, ex Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., 5, 1845, p. 92.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37030#page/180/mode/1up","Picus Yucatanensis"],["10637","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus alleni","(Bangs, 1902)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6CB2EDA",null,null,"San Sebastian, 6600 feet. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/91/mode/1up","Chloronerpes yucatanensis alleni"],["10638","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus buenavistae","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean slopes of eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76787F7B",null,null,"Buenavista, 4500 feet, above Villavicencio, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Chloronerpes rubiginosus buenavistae"],["10639","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus meridensis","(Ridgway, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2320D592",null,null,"Near Mérida, Venezuela.","Diagnoses of some forms of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/51/mode/1up","Chloronerpes rubiginosus meridensis"],["10640","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus rubiginosus","(Swainson, 1820)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1, no.3 pl.14,text",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central and northeastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB8F3CCC",null,null,"'Spanish Main' = Caracas, Venezuela, by designation of Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 13, 1918, p. 315, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/99/mode/1up","Picus rubiginosus"],["10641","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus deltanus","(Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1953)","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica no.10 p.4 pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C0DDB36",null,null,"Cano Tipuro, Delta del Orinoco, Territorio Delta Amacuro, Venezuela, alt. 20 m","Ave nueva para la ciencia y comentario sobre Tiaris fuliginosa zuliae Aveledo y Ginés.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/ave-nueva-para-la-ciencia-2/","Piculus rubiginosus deltanus"],["10642","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus paraquensis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1948)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 11 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AE841E7",null,null,"Del Cerro Paraque, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela, alt. 1500 m.","Descripción de seis aves nuevas de Venezuela y notas sobre veinticuatro adiciones a la avifauna del Brazil.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-seis-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-notas-sobre-veinticuatro-adiciones-a-la-avifauna-del-brasil/","Piculus rubiginosus paraquensis"],["10643","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus guianae","(Hellmayr, 1918)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft3 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-260154FD",null,null,"Yuruani River, 2700 feet, Terr. Yuruani, Venezuela.","Miscellanea Ornithologica III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/324/mode/1up","Chloronerpes rubiginosus guianae"],["10644","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus viridissimus","(Chapman, 1939)","American Museum Novitates no.1051 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (high plateau of Auyán-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64BC5D68",null,null,"Mt. Auyan-tepui plateau, 2200 meters, Venezuela.","The upper zonal birds of Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5154/","Piculus rubiginosus viridissimus"],["10645","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus nigriceps","(Blake, 1941)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 24, no.20 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Acari Mountains (southern Guyana and adjacent southern Suriname)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C32AC15",null,null,"Boundary Camp, 2200 feet, head of Itabu Creek, Acary Mountains, British Guiana.","Two new birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20951#page/10/mode/1up","Piculus rubiginosus nigriceps"],["10646","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus trinitatis","(Ridgway, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89ED7443",null,null,"Princestown, Trinidad.","Diagnoses of some forms of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/50/mode/1up","Chloronerpes rubiginosus trinitatis"],["10647","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus tobagensis","(Ridgway, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EBA6A30",null,null,"Tobago.","Diagnoses of some forms of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/51/mode/1up","Chloronerpes rubiginosus tobagensis"],["10648","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus gularis","(Hargitt, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (central and western Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-661E1024",null,null,"Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVI. On some new Species of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/260/mode/1up","Chloronerpes gularis"],["10649","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus rubripileus","(Salvadori & Festa, 1900)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 15, no.368 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63217652",null,null,"forest of Río Peripa, Vinces, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43398#page/26/mode/1up","Chyoronerpes rubripileus"],["10650","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus coloratus","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Ecuador and north-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EEFD097",null,null,"Chaupe, 6100 feet, northeast of Huancabamba, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Chloronerpes rubiginosus coloratus"],["10651","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus chrysogaster","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38C7722B",null,null,"La Garita del Sol, central Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/70/mode/1up","Chloronerpes chrysogaster"],["10652","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus canipileus","(d'Orbigny, 1841)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.63, fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CA52AE1",null,null,"Chupe, Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/179/mode/1up","Picus canipileus"],["10653","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus tucumanus","(Cabanis, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (south to Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22B098A6",null,null,"Tucumán.","[Über die Sammlungen welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz im nördlichen Argentinien zusammengebracht worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/115/mode/1up","Chloronerpes tucumanus"],["10654","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Colaptes rubiginosus aeruginosus","(Malherbe, 1862)","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 2 p.171; 4 pl.90 fig.1,2,3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42E38A6B",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124405#page/179/mode/1up","Chrysopicus aeruginosus"],["10655","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus principalis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/68/mode/1up","Campephilus"],["10656","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus haematogaster","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.302","Crimson-bellied Woodpecker",null,"Crimson-bellied Woodpecker","2025-0796","Taxon <em>splendens</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Campephilus haematogaster </em>based on differences in drumming (Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001; Donegan et al. 2015), supported by multiple plumage differences, and higher call frequency. After voting by AviList, SACC considered and rejected this split, and hence the issue is likely to be reconsidered for a future version of AviList.","humid forest east of the Andes in eastern Colombia to eastern Peru and far western Bolivia (western La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727150",null,null,"avibase-C38B9F80",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/310/mode/1up","Picus haematogaster"],["10657","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus splendens","Hargitt, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.1 p.58","Splendid Woodpecker",null,"Splendid Woodpecker","2025-0796","Taxon <em>splendens</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Campephilus haematogaster </em>based on differences in drumming (Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001; Donegan et al. 2015), supported by multiple plumage differences, and higher call frequency. After voting by AviList, SACC considered and rejected this split, and hence the issue is likely to be reconsidered for a future version of AviList.","humid forest of central Panama to western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727159",null,null,"avibase-DA98191C",null,null,"Amazons, the type is a Bogotá trade skin ; Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 355, designates Puerto Valdivia, Antioquia, Colombia.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XV. On three new American Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/88/mode/1up","Campophilus splendens"],["10658","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus imperialis","(Gould, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.21 p.140","Imperial Woodpecker","Imperial Woodpecker","Imperial Woodpecker",null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico; probably extinct","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681417","impwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/impwoo1","avibase-4D0B7931",null,null,"'California' = Jalisco, Mexico.","Exhibition of a species of Woodpecker, hitherto undescribed, obtained from that little-explored district of California which borders the territory of Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/344/mode/1up","Picus imperialis"],["10659","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus principalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113","Ivory-billed Woodpecker","Ivory-billed Woodpecker","Ivory-billed Woodpecker",null,null,"at least formerly in mixed woodland and forest in the Mississippi River basin in southern Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Missouri, Oklahoma, Alabama, Tennessee, Louisiana, eastern Texas eastward to the Coastal Plains, and from North Carolina southward to southern Florida; also in the eastern part of Cuba; may be extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681425","ivbwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ivbwoo","avibase-86E7578A",null,null,"North America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus principalis"],["10660","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus principalis principalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southeastern USA (eastern Texas north to southernmost Illinois, eastward to North Carolina, and Florida); may be extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-B20E2F22",null,null,"North America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus principalis"],["10661","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus principalis bairdii","Cassin, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Cuba (last recorded 1987); probably extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F23F689",null,null,"Monte Verde, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18294#page/328/mode/1up","Campephilus Bairdii"],["10662","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus magellanicus","(King, 1827)","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.430","Magellanic Woodpecker","Magellanic Woodpecker","Magellanic Woodpecker",null,null,"Nothofagus forest of southwestern Argentina and southern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681414","magwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magwoo1","avibase-1E4B6E75",null,null,"Port Famine, Straits of Magellan.","XLV. Extracts from a letter addressed [from Adventure, Rio de Janeiro, July, 8, 1827] by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N. A. Vigors, Esq., on the Animals of the Straits of Magellan [ ; with a Note by N. A. Vigors]'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/458/mode/1up","Picus Magellanicus"],["10663","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus leucopogon","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.178","Cream-backed Woodpecker","Cream-backed Woodpecker","Cream-backed Woodpecker",null,null,"dry woodland of north-central Bolivia to northern Argentina and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681411","crbwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbwoo2","avibase-53C302B5",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/184/mode/1up","Picus leucopogon"],["10664","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus robustus","(Lichtenstein, 1819)","Verzeichniss von ausgestopften Säugethieren und Vögeln (etc.) p.9","Robust Woodpecker","Robust Woodpecker","Robust Woodpecker",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681399","robwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robwoo1","avibase-0C14127E",null,null,"Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,null,"Picus robustus"],["10665","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus rubricollis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.37","Red-necked Woodpecker","Red-necked Woodpecker","Red-necked Woodpecker",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield and the Orinoco basin from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to central Bolivia and central Brazil, in western Goiás and southern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681396","renwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renwoo1","avibase-D7602D52",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 612.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/59/mode/1up","Picus rubricollis"],["10666","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus rubricollis rubricollis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (north of the Amazon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-674DE2C9",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 612.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/59/mode/1up","Picus rubricollis"],["10667","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus rubricollis trachelopyrus","(Malherbe, 1857)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle cahier8 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru to northern Bolivia (La Paz) and western Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7508513",null,null,"Peru.","Description de quelques grimpeurs du genre Linnéen Picus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105437#page/13/mode/1up","Megapicus trachelopyrus"],["10668","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus rubricollis olallae","(Gyldenstolpe, 1945)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar Ser. 3, 22 no.3 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (from Rio Madeira eastward to Pará and Maranhão) to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDE0B0FF",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, right bank of the lower Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","The bird fauna of Rio Juruá in Western Brazil.",null,"Scapaneus trachelopyrus olallae"],["10669","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus pollens","(Bonaparte, 1845)","Atti della Sesta Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Milano nel settembre del 1844 6 p.406","Powerful Woodpecker","Powerful Woodpecker","Powerful Woodpecker",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from far western Venezuela, excluding the Sierra de Perijá, southwestward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes of Ecuador southward to south-central Peru, in Junín",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681386","powwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/powwoo1","avibase-7AD8B036",null,null,"Colombia.",null,null,"Picus pollens"],["10670","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus pollens pollens","(Bonaparte, 1845)","Atti della Sesta Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Milano nel settembre del 1844 6 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia to western Venezuela and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5110E282",null,null,"Colombia.",null,null,"Picus pollens"],["10671","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus pollens peruvianus","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.9 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (south to Pasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF7A28C6",null,null,"Molinopampa, Peru.","Notes on South American birds, with descriptions of new sub-species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20394#page/13/mode/1up","Scapaneus pallens peruviana"],["10672","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus guatemalensis","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.214","Pale-billed Woodpecker","Pale-billed Woodpecker","Pale-billed Woodpecker",null,null,"mostly humid lowland forest and edge from southern Sonora, central Nuevo León, and central Tamaulipas (northern Mexico) southward on Pacific and Caribbean slopes through Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681402","pabwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabwoo1","avibase-A208D32B",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/222/mode/1up","Picus guatemalensis"],["10673","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus guatemalensis regius","Reichenbach, 1854","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.393, pl.DCXLIX, f.4331,4332",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2430240A",null,null,"Papantla, Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/433/mode/1up","Campephilus regius"],["10674","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus guatemalensis nelsoni","(Ridgway, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western Mexico (southern Sonora to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E853FF13",null,null,"El Rincon, Guerrero.","Diagnoses of some forms of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/52/mode/1up","Scapaneus guatemalensis nelsoni"],["10675","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus guatemalensis guatemalensis","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico (Veracruz) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09A0D898",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/222/mode/1up","Picus guatemalensis"],["10676","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus gayaquilensis","(Lesson, 1845)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 12 no.[52] col.920,921","Guayaquil Woodpecker","Guayaquil Woodpecker","Guayaquil Woodpecker",null,null,"arid Pacific lowlands of southwestern Colombia to northwestern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681408","guawoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guawoo2","avibase-D0DF9B45",null,null,"Guayaquil.","Description de trois espèces nouvelles de Pics.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180989#page/18/mode/1up","Picus Gayaquilensis"],["10677","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus melanoleucos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.426","Crimson-crested Woodpecker","Crimson-crested Woodpecker","Crimson-crested Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest from eastern Panama and northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Cauca and Tolima), and west of the Andes southward to the Río Patía (Cauca), east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and far northern Argentina (Corrientes), and locally in eastern Brazil (Sergipe, Bahia, and São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681405","crcwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcwoo1","avibase-E34138C6",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/438/mode/1up","Picus melanoleucos"],["10678","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus melanoleucos malherbii","Gray, 1845","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.[436] pl.CVIII",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama to northern and central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC9F5160",null,null,"No locality =z Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/283/mode/1up","Campephilus malherbii"],["10679","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus melanoleucos melanoleucos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"South America east of Andes, including Trinidad, to northeastern Argentina and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8C74DC7",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/438/mode/1up","Picus melanoleucos"],["10680","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Campephilus melanoleucos cearae","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.9 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão to Ceará and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-867E64E0",null,null,"Juá, near Iguatu, Ceará.","Notes on South American birds, with descriptions of new sub-species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20394#page/12/mode/1up","Scapaneus melanoleucus cearae"],["10681","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus rubiginosus [Swainson, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 94).",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false","Blythipicus"],["10682","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus rubiginosus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.150","Maroon Woodpecker","Maroon Woodpecker","Maroon Woodpecker",null,null,"southern Myanmar, southwestern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681543","marwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwoo1","avibase-9D8AAF5D",null,null,"West Africa; error = Malacca, Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 402.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/182/mode/1up","Hemicircus rubiginosus"],["10683","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus pyrrhotis","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.108","Bay Woodpecker","Bay Woodpecker","Bay Woodpecker",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, and bamboo, from Nepal eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Malayan Peninsula and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681546","baywoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baywoo1","avibase-1A1E0E53",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of three new species of Woodpecker.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/156/mode/1up","Picus Pyrrhotis"],["10684","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus pyrrhotis pyrrhotis","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to southern China (Sichuan and Yunnan), Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-127C5F6A",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of three new species of Woodpecker.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/156/mode/1up","Picus Pyrrhotis"],["10685","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus pyrrhotis sinensis","(Rickett, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Guizhou and Guangxi to Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FA44794",null,null,"Kuatun, Fukien.","New species of birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/410/mode/1up","Lepocestes sinensis"],["10686","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus pyrrhotis annamensis","Kinnear, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88FAB41B",null,null,"Langbian Peaks, Annam.","Remarks on the races of Blythipicus pyrrhotis, with description of a new race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/110/mode/1up","Blythipicus pyrrhotis annamensis"],["10687","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus pyrrhotis hainanus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.20 p.585",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC81F163",null,null,"Fivefinger Mts., Hainan.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds from the Interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/645/mode/1up","Lepocestes hainanus"],["10688","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Blythipicus pyrrhotis cameroni","Robinson, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-053C6E7F",null,null,"Gunong Mengkuang Lebah, 4800 feet, Selangor.","Exhibition and description of a new race of Woodpecker from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/95/mode/1up","Blythipicus pyrrhotis cameroni"],["10689","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1004",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus strictus [Horsfield, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 18, p. 442).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/520/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes"],["10690","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes validus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.64, vol.4 pl.378","Orange-backed Woodpecker","Orange-backed Woodpecker","Orange-backed Woodpecker","2025-0797","Taxon <em>validus </em>is placed in the genus <em>Chrysocolaptes</em> based on genetics (Benz et al. 2006; Fuchs et al. 2006, 2017a; Winkler et al. 2014; Dufort 2016; Shakya et al. 2017), supported by phenotypic and vocal evidence. Sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Reinwardtipicus</em>, but mitochondrial, nuclear, and combined DNA data show <em>validus </em>to be the sister lineage to <em>Chrysocolaptes </em>with a divergence time typical of basal splits within closely related genera.","tropical rainforest and adjacent plantations in the southern Malayan Peninsula, from southern Peninsular Thailand southward to Sumatra, Bangka, Java, Natuna Islands, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681549","orbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbwoo1","avibase-05714481",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/73/mode/1up","Picus validus"],["10691","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes validus xanthopygius","Finsch, 1905","Notes from the Leyden Museum 26 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, Riau Archipelago, and northern Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-874E8DFC",null,null,"Upper Mahakan, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37357#page/46/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes xanthopygius"],["10692","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes validus validus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.64, vol.4 pl.378",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F181CFC",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/73/mode/1up","Picus validus"],["10693","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes festivus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43","White-naped Woodpecker","White-naped Woodpecker","White-naped Woodpecker",null,null,"open deciduous woodland and scrub in terai zone of northern India from Uttarakhand eastward through southeastern Nepal, and disjunctly through most of Peninsular India from Gujarat and Rajasthan eastward southern West Bengal and to southward to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681522","whnwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnwoo1","avibase-8C743B57",null,null,"Goa, ex Daubenton, pl. 696.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Picus festivus"],["10694","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes festivus festivus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands and hills of southwestern Nepal and most of India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-456C72BE",null,null,"Goa, ex Daubenton, pl. 696.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Picus festivus"],["10695","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes festivus tantus","Ripley, 1946","Spolia Zeylanica 24 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BA74688",null,null,"Embilipitiya, Ceylon.","Comments on Ceylon birds.",null,"Chrysocolaptes festivus tantus"],["10696","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes stricklandi","(Layard, 1854)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.78 p.449","Crimson-backed Flameback","Crimson-backed Flameback","Greater Sri Lanka Flameback",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726554","crbfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbfla1","avibase-E10F33CF",null,null,"Gillymalle, Ceylon.","XLI. Notes on the Ornithology of Ceylon, collected during an eight years' residence in the Island [Continued from p. 264.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/495/mode/1up","Brachypternus Stricklandi"],["10697","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes socialis","Koelz, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.78","Malabar Flameback","Malabar Flameback",null,"2025-0837","Taxon <em>socialis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus</em> based on obvious differences in vocalizations and drum roll (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012; Abhirami et al. 2021), supported by minor differences in plumage and size.","Western Ghats and coastal western India",null,null,null,"grefla4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grefla4","avibase-8AE05AA7",null,null,"Jagalbed, Bombay Presidency.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/100/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus socialis"],["10698","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.578","Greater Flameback","Greater Flameback",null,"2025-0837","Taxon <em>socialis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus</em> based on obvious differences in vocalizations and drum roll (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012; Abhirami et al. 2021), supported by minor differences in plumage and size.","Himalayan foothills in northwestern India and western Nepal eastward to Yunnan (southern China) and Vietnam, and southward to eastern Peninsular India and Malaysian Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,"grefla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grefla1","avibase-A837BACA",null,null,"Jungles of Borabhum and Dholbhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/636/mode/1up","Picus Guttacristatus"],["10699","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus sultaneus","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills in northwestern India and western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8B0BAF7",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of three new species of Woodpecker.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/153/mode/1up","Picus Sultaneus"],["10700","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus guttacristatus","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.578",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills in east-central Nepal eastward to southern China (Yunnan) and southward to Bangladesh, eastern India (south to southeastern Madhya Pradesh and northern Andhra Pradesh), Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDF77EC2",null,null,"Jungles of Borabhum and Dholbhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/636/mode/1up","Picus Guttacristatus"],["10701","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus indomalayicus","Hesse, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1C948E0",null,null,"Southern Further India and Salanga Island; type from Salanga.","Neue Spechtformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/198/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus indomalayicus"],["10702","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus andrewsi","Amadon, 1943","Ibis vol.85, no.3 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF344285",null,null,"Sebattick Island, British North Borneo (Sabah).","Notes on a Collection of Birds from Sebattik Island, Borneo.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1943.tb03841.x","Chrysocolaptes lucidus andrewsi"],["10703","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes strictus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.176","Javan Flameback","Javan Flameback","Javan Flameback",null,null,"Java, Bali, and Kangean Islands (north of Bali)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726560","javfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javfla1","avibase-55751EC2",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/195/mode/1up","Picus strictus"],["10704","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes strictus strictus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFF00995",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/195/mode/1up","Picus strictus"],["10705","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes strictus kangeanensis","Hoogerwerf, 1963","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 83 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Java, Bali, and Kangean Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34F36204",null,null,"Ardjasa, Kangean Archipelago, Java Sea","The Golden-backed Woodpecker, Chrysocolaptes lucidus (Scopoli) in the Kangean Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126838#page/155/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes lucidus kangeanensis"],["10706","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes haematribon","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.46,  sp.95","Luzon Flameback","Luzon Flameback","Luzon Flameback",null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Catanduanes, and Marinduque)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726566","luzfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzfla1","avibase-4A1E2B7F",null,null,"India? = Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/88/mode/1up","Picus Haematribon"],["10707","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus","Walden & Layard, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.99 pl.4","Yellow-faced Flameback","Yellow-faced Flameback","Yellow-faced Flameback",null,null,"Philippines (Negros, Guimaras, Panay, Masbate, and Ticao)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726572","yeffla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeffla1","avibase-101A379C",null,null,"Negros.","On Birds recently observed or obtained in the Island of Negros, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/127/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus"],["10708","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.315 pl.46 fig.1","Red-headed Flameback","Red-headed Flameback","Red-headed Flameback",null,null,"Philippines (Balabac, Palawan, Busuanga, and Calamian Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726579","rehfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehfla1","avibase-CBB8E41C",null,null,"Puerto Princesa Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/437/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus"],["10709","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes lucidus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89","Buff-spotted Flameback","Buff-spotted Flameback","Buff-spotted Flameback",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726539","busfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/busfla1","avibase-796FDA2E",null,null,"Mindanao, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Picus lucidus"],["10710","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes lucidus rufopunctatus","Hargitt, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Biliran, and Panaon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0034D3D6",null,null,"Panaon.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XVI. On some new Species of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/261/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes rufopunctatus"],["10711","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes lucidus montanus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (except Zamboanga Peninsula) and Samal (just off southeastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BC794EF",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 8000 feet, and Piso, Mindanao.","On new species from S.E. Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/40/mode/1up","Chrysocolaptes montanus"],["10712","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chrysocolaptes lucidus lucidus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Zamboanga Peninsula of western Mindanao and Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07892931",null,null,"Mindanao, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Picus lucidus"],["10713","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xviii,xxviii,80,101",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus varius [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Sphyrapicus"],["10714","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus thyroideus","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.12 p.349","Williamson's Sapsucker","Williamson's Sapsucker","Williamson's Sapsucker",null,null,"montane coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forest from far southwestern Canada southward along western US to southern California and locally in northern Baja California, Mexico, and along the Rocky Mountains to central Arizona and central New Mexico; winters in western Texas, and in Mexico southward along the Sierra Madre Occidental to northern Michoacan; in the Sierra Madre Oriental only in Chihuahua, Coahuila and Nuevo León",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680877","wilsap","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilsap","avibase-28A4DA76",null,null,"California, type from Georgetown, twelve miles from Sutter's Mill, Eldorado Co.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/393/mode/1up","Picus thyroideus"],["10715","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.12 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of southern British Columbia to northern Baja California; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B24D187",null,null,"California, type from Georgetown, twelve miles from Sutter's Mill, Eldorado Co.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/393/mode/1up","Picus thyroideus"],["10716","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus thyroideus nataliae","(Malherbe, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern British Columbia to Rocky Mountains and Great Basin ranges",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51EA6408",null,null,"Mexico.","Nouvelles espèces de Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/807/mode/1up","Picus Nataliae"],["10717","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus varius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.176","Yellow-bellied Sapsucker","Yellow-bellied Sapsucker","Yellow-bellied Sapsucker",null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska and Yukon across Canada to Newfoundland and south in USA in northern tier of states from North Dakota east, and farther south in the Appalachian Mountains; winters southeastern USA to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680868","yebsap","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebsap","avibase-9BE68BD3",null,null,"North America = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/180/mode/1up","Picus varius"],["10718","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus nuchalis","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xxviii,103","Red-naped Sapsucker","Red-naped Sapsucker","Red-naped Sapsucker",null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada to southwestern USA; winters to northern Mexico and southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680871","rensap","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rensap","avibase-20F4B01D",null,null,"Southern Rocky Mts. = Mimbres River, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/167/mode/1up","Sphyrapicus varius var. nuchalis"],["10719","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus ruber","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.429","Red-breasted Sapsucker","Red-breasted Sapsucker","Red-breasted Sapsucker",null,null,"mostly coniferous forest in western Canada and adjacent far southern Alaska southward along western US to southern California; winters at lower elevations from western Canada southward to northern Baja California, Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680874","rebsap","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebsap","avibase-52F63879",null,null,"Cayenne; error == Nootka Sound, British Columbia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/441/mode/1up","Picus ruber"],["10720","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus ruber ruber","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Alaska to western Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DF32DAF",null,null,"Cayenne; error == Nootka Sound, British Columbia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/441/mode/1up","Picus ruber"],["10721","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Sphyrapicus ruber daggetti","Grinnell, 1901","The Condor 3, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Oregon to Sierra Nevada of southern California and western Nevada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A913BD60",null,null,"Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., California.","Two Races of the Red-breasted Sapsucker","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol3/iss1/7/","Sphyrapicus varius daggetti"],["10722","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Xiphidiopicus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus percussus [Temminck, 1826]; type by monotypy",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false","Xiphidiopicus"],["10723","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Xiphidiopicus percussus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.4 pl.390","Cuban Green Woodpecker","Cuban Green Woodpecker","Cuban Green Woodpecker",null,null,"various woodland types in lowlands to hills of Cuba and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680880","cugwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cugwoo1","avibase-3DC3684D",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/101/mode/1up","Picus percussus"],["10724","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Xiphidiopicus percussus percussus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.4 pl.390",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A0B2672",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/101/mode/1up","Picus percussus"],["10725","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Xiphidiopicus percussus insulaepinorum","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de la Juventud, Cantiles Keys, and Archipiélago Jardines de la Reina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09ECA627",null,null,"Santa Fe, Isle of Pines.","Two new woodpeckers from the Isle of Pines, West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/205/mode/1up","Xiphidiopicus percussus insulae-pinorum"],["10726","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus erythrocephalus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/456/mode/1up","Melanerpes"],["10727","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes striatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.91","Hispaniolan Woodpecker","Hispaniolan Woodpecker","Hispaniolan Woodpecker",null,null,"Hispaniola and Beata Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680834","hiswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hiswoo1","avibase-3E7320BD",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/111/mode/1up","Picas striatus"],["10728","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.439","Acorn Woodpecker","Acorn Woodpecker","Acorn Woodpecker",null,null,"oak and pine-oak forest from western Oregon, USA (occasionally northward to Washington and British Columbia, southwestern Canada), southward across California to northern Baja California Norte (and isolated in southern Baja California Peninsula), in Mexico; in mountainous regions of Arizona, New Mexico and southern Texas southward along the Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental southeastward across montane regions of Central America, including Belize and northern El Salvador, eastward to western Panama; in South America only the Andes of Colombia southward to northern Nariño and Putumayo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680813","acowoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/acowoo","avibase-7E327303",null,null,"Temiscaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/455/mode/1up","Picus formicivorus"],["10729","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi","Ridgway, 1881","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 21, Addenda p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine woodland of northwestern Oregon to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4256D5F",null,null,"California; type from Petaluma, Sonoma Co.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32345#page/95/mode/1up","Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi"],["10730","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons","Baird, 1870","Geological Survey of California. Ornithology. Volume I. Land Birds 1 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape region of southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C6766E8",null,null,"Cape San Lucas, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33119#page/423/mode/1up","Melanerpes formicivorus var. angustifrons"],["10731","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus formicivorus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.439",null,null,null,null,null,"Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas to southeastern Mexico (west of Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07CBDD0B",null,null,"Temiscaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/455/mode/1up","Picus formicivorus"],["10732","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus albeolus","Todd, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (eastern Chiapas) to northeastern Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA2A29FE",null,null,"Near Manatee, British Honduras.","Two new Woodpeckers from Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/185/mode/1up","Melanerpes formicivorus albeolus"],["10733","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus lineatus","(Dickey & Van Rossem, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D79E517",null,null,"Mt. Cacaguatique, 3800 feet, Dept. San Miguel, El Salvador.","Seven new Birds from Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/21/mode/1up","Balanosphyra formicivora lineata"],["10734","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus","Ridgway, 1874","A history of North American birds. Land birds 2 p.561 (note)",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicaragua to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B09FBF66",null,null,"Middle America south of Orizaba and Mirador; type from Birris, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31752#page/571/mode/1up","Melanerpes formicivorus var. striatipectus"],["10735","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes formicivorus flavigula","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4986C22E",null,null,"No locality = Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/578/mode/1up","Melampicos flavigula"],["10736","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes candidus","(Otto, 1796)","Herrn von Buffon's Naturgeschichte der Vögel. Aus dem französischen übersetzt, mit Anmerkungen, Zusätzen, und vielen Kupfern vermehrt 23 p.191","White Woodpecker","White Woodpecker","White Woodpecker",null,null,"dry forest of South America east of the Andes to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680798","whiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiwoo1","avibase-5CA0BA87",null,null,"Cayenne; not known to occur at present.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/264156#page/309/mode/1up","Picus candidus"],["10737","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes cactorum","(d'Orbigny, 1841)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.62, fig.2","White-fronted Woodpecker","White-fronted Woodpecker","White-fronted Woodpecker",null,null,"arid southeastern Peru (Puno?) to northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680831","whfwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfwoo1","avibase-5EEB01F7",null,null,"Near Chaluani and Chilon, Mizque, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/177/mode/1up","Picus cactorum"],["10738","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes lewis","(Gray, 1849)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.48, App. p.22","Lewis's Woodpecker","Lewis's Woodpecker","Lewis's Woodpecker",null,null,"oak-pine woodland of western North America; winters to northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680801","lewwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lewwoo","avibase-E7C9A1F5",null,null,"No locality  Montana, lat. 46° N.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/464/mode/1up","Picus Lewis"],["10739","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes erythrocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113","Red-headed Woodpecker","Red-headed Woodpecker","Red-headed Woodpecker",null,null,"eastern North America from southern Canada to Gulf of Mexico and Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680810","rehwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehwoo","avibase-448D91B7",null,null,"America = South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus erythrocephalus"],["10740","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes portoricensis","(Daudin, 1803)","Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, par les professeurs de cet éstablissement. Ouvrage orné de gravures 2 p.286 pl.51","Puerto Rican Woodpecker","Puerto Rican Woodpecker","Puerto Rican Woodpecker",null,null,"varied wooded habitats on Puerto Rico including Isla de Vieques (just east of Puerto Rico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680807","purwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purwoo1","avibase-B63209E6",null,null,"Puerto Rico.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Pic trouvée à Porto-Rico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23265#page/332/mode/1up","Picus portoricensis"],["10741","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes herminieri","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.228","Guadeloupe Woodpecker","Guadeloupe Woodpecker","Guadeloupe Woodpecker",null,null,"varied forest types on Guadeloupe (central Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680804","guawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guawoo1","avibase-21DB707D",null,null,"North America, error = Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/266/mode/1up","Picus Herminieri"],["10742","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes cruentatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43","Yellow-tufted Woodpecker","Yellow-tufted Woodpecker","Yellow-tufted Woodpecker",null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, eastern Bolivia, northeastern Brazil, and Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680824","yetwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetwoo2","avibase-BFF72DFE",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 694, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Picus cruentatus"],["10743","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes hypopolius","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.514","Grey-breasted Woodpecker","Gray-breasted Woodpecker","Grey-breasted Woodpecker",null,null,"interior southwestern Mexico (northern Guerrero and Morelos to east-central Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680843","grbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbwoo1","avibase-9CE9EDF7",null,null,"Mexico; types from Tehuacan and Tecuapan, Puebla.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/263/mode/1up","Picus hypopolius"],["10744","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes flavifrons","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.75","Yellow-fronted Woodpecker","Yellow-fronted Woodpecker","Yellow-fronted Woodpecker",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680828","yefwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefwoo1","avibase-F90C0962",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/89/mode/1up","Picus flavifrons"],["10745","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes pucherani","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.542","Black-cheeked Woodpecker","Black-cheeked Woodpecker","Black-cheeked Woodpecker",null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz, Chiapas) to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680816","blcwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwoo1","avibase-8078C2CF",null,null,"Tobago, error = Colombia by designation of Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, p. 1188.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/578/mode/1up","Zebrapicus Pucherani"],["10746","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes chrysauchen","Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.213","Golden-naped Woodpecker","Golden-naped Woodpecker","Golden-naped Woodpecker",null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733729","gonwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gonwoo1","avibase-CF141866",null,null,"Bogaba [Chiriquí], Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/271/mode/1up","Melanerpes chrysauchen"],["10747","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes pulcher","Sclater, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.330","Beautiful Woodpecker","Beautiful Woodpecker","Beautiful Woodpecker",null,null,"northern Colombia (Magdalena Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733737","beawoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beawoo2","avibase-BD195A4B",null,null,"Near Bogotá, Colombia.","Notices of some new or little-known Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/404/mode/1up","Melanerpes pulcher"],["10748","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes pygmaeus","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8 p.576","Yucatan Woodpecker","Yucatan Woodpecker","Yucatan Woodpecker",null,null,"deciduous forest and edge of lowlands of Yucatan Peninsula, including Cozumel, southward to central Belize, and Guanaja Island (off northern Honduras)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680847","yucwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yucwoo","avibase-3F247BBA",null,null,"Cozumel Island [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/590/mode/1up","Centurus rubriventris pygmaeus"],["10749","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes pygmaeus tysoni","(Bond, 1936)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"Guanaja Island (off northern Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2038D056",null,null,"Bonacca Island, Bay Islands, Gulf of Honduras.","Resident Birds of the Bay Islands of Spanish Honduras.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064193","Centurus rubriventris tysoni"],["10750","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes pygmaeus rubricomus","Peters, 1948","Check-list of birds of the world 6 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula southward to central Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3354DB87",null,null,"No locality = Mérida, Yucatan [Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50576#page/180/mode/1up","Melanerpes rubricapillus rubricomus"],["10751","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes pygmaeus pygmaeus","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C651F99B",null,null,"Cozumel Island [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/590/mode/1up","Centurus rubriventris pygmaeus"],["10752","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes chrysogenys","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.24","Golden-cheeked Woodpecker","Golden-cheeked Woodpecker","Golden-cheeked Woodpecker",null,null,"woodland and edge of lowlands to hills on Pacific slope from Sinaloa to eastern Oaxaca and eastward to Puebla (northwestern to southeastern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680840","gocwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocwoo1","avibase-100C01C4",null,null,"No locality, but either Mazatlán Sinaloa or San Blas or Tepic, Nayarit.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/64/mode/1up","Picus chrysogenys"],["10753","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes chrysogenys chrysogenys","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands of northwestern Mexico (southern Sinaloa to Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1616E9A5",null,null,"No locality, but either Mazatlán Sinaloa or San Blas or Tepic, Nayarit.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/64/mode/1up","Picus chrysogenys"],["10754","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes chrysogenys flavinuchus","(Ridgway, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Jalisco to southeastern Puebla and eastern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42CB1F13",null,null,"Acapulco, Guerrero.","Diagnoses of some forms of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/50/mode/1up","Centurus chrysogenys flavinuchus"],["10755","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes hoffmannii","(Cabanis, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.322","Hoffmann's Woodpecker","Hoffmann's Woodpecker","Hoffmann's Woodpecker",null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Honduras to Nicaragua and Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680865","hofwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hofwoo1","avibase-5EE1961C",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Mai-Heft, S. 161-176.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/352/mode/1up","Centurus Hoffmannii"],["10756","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes rubricapillus","(Cabanis, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.328","Red-crowned Woodpecker","Red-crowned Woodpecker","Red-crowned Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest and woodland from southwestern Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama (including Coiba and Pearl Islands), Colombia eastward across northern Venezuela (to the Paría Peninsula and Isla Margarita), Tobago, coastal eastern Guyana and Suriname, llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia (southward to Meta), central Colombia southward to the upper Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes in southwestern Colombia (mostly in the Río Patía Valley, Nariño)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680850","recwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recwoo1","avibase-6F6D0E72",null,null,"Barranquilla, Colombia.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Mai-Heft, S. 161-176.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/358/mode/1up","Centurus rubricapillus"],["10757","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes rubricapillus rubricapillus","(Cabanis, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to Colombia and the Guianas; Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69308A84",null,null,"Barranquilla, Colombia.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Mai-Heft, S. 161-176.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/358/mode/1up","Centurus rubricapillus"],["10758","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes rubricapillus subfusculus","(Wetmore, 1957)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C4FF13D",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/280/mode/1up","Centurus rubricapillus subfusculus"],["10759","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes rubricapillus seductus","Bangs, 1901","The Auk 18, no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"San Miguel del Rey Island (southeastern Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C332010",null,null,"San Miguel Island [now Isla El Rey], Pearl Islands.","Birds of San Miguel Island, Panama.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss1/3/","Malanerpes seductus"],["10760","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes rubricapillus paraguanae","(Gilliard, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1071 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (Paraguaná Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD081D04",null,null,"Cerro Santa Ana, Paraguaná Peninsula, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seven new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2235/","Centurus subelegans paraguanae"],["10761","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes uropygialis","(Baird, 1854)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.3 p.120","Gila Woodpecker","Gila Woodpecker","Gila Woodpecker",null,null,"cactus desert and riparian woodland in lowlands to hills of southeastern California eastward to southwestern New Mexico, southward on Pacific slope through Baja California, Jalisco, and eastward to Aguascalientes (west-central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680853","gilwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gilwoo","avibase-377525FA",null,null,"Bill Williams Fork of Colorado River, New Mexico, i.e. Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/142/mode/1up","Centurus uropygialis"],["10762","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes uropygialis uropygialis","(Baird, 1854)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.3 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"arid lowlands of southwestern USA to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C1825C",null,null,"Bill Williams Fork of Colorado River, New Mexico, i.e. Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/142/mode/1up","Centurus uropygialis"],["10763","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes uropygialis cardonensis","(Grinnell, 1927)","The Condor 29, no.3 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DFBB5AA",null,null,"Cañon San Juan de Dios, 10 miles east of El Rosario, lat. 30° N, Baja California.","A new race of Gila Woodpecker from Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol29/iss3/29/","Centurus uropygialis cardonensis"],["10764","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes uropygialis brewsteri","(Ridgway, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A81E3114",null,null,"Santiago, Baja California.","Diagnoses of some forms of Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/50/mode/1up","Centurus uropygialis brewsteri"],["10765","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes radiolatus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.28","Jamaican Woodpecker","Jamaican Woodpecker","Jamaican Woodpecker",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680837","jamwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamwoo1","avibase-55134E01",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/70/mode/1up","Picus radiolatus"],["10766","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes superciliaris","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.73, vol.4 pl.433","West Indian Woodpecker","West Indian Woodpecker","West Indian Woodpecker","2026-094","The treatment of <em>Melanerpes superciliaris caymanensis</em> as a subspecies of <em>M. superciliaris</em> is upheld based on available evidence. Although <em>M. s. caymanensis</em> is considered the most phenotypically distinct taxon when compared to the nominate <em>M. s. superciliaris</em> most plumage traits lack consistent diagnosability when compared to other subspecies in this complex (e.g., Short 1982a; Selander &amp; Giller 1983), vocalizations of <em>caymanensis</em> are poorly documented, differences in pitch are likely a function of variation in body size, and mitochondrial-dominated DNA divergence is minimal (Navarro-Sigüenza et al. 2017). A comprehensive review of this complex, including formal bioacoustic and morphometric analyses, is needed before implementing any splits.","Bahamas, including Grand Bahama (at least formerly) and Abaco, and San Salvador (east-central Bahamas); Cuba and satellite islands, and Grand Cayman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680859","weiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weiwoo1","avibase-0B09B2B5",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/81/mode/1up","Picus superciliaris"],["10767","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes superciliaris nyeanus","(Ridgway, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.3 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"San Salvador Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E45D973B",null,null,"Watling's Island [=San Salvador Island], Bahamas","Description of four new species of birds from the Bahama Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/11/","Centurus nyeanus"],["10768","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes superciliaris blakei","(Ridgway, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.3 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Abaco Island (northern Bahamas); recent records from eastern Grand Bahama likely this",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC536077",null,null,"Abaco Island.","Description of four new species of birds from the Bahama Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/11/","Centurus blakei"],["10769","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes superciliaris superciliaris","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.73, vol.4 pl.433",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba, Cantiles Keys, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17A67F47",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/81/mode/1up","Picus superciliaris"],["10770","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes superciliaris murceus","(Bangs, 1910)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de la Juventud, Cayo Largo, and Cayo Real",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-519DEF5F",null,null,"San Juan, Isle of Pines.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part II. No. 2. Families Trogonidae, Cuculidae, Capitonidae, Rhamphastidae, Galbulidae, Bucconidae, Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/205/mode/1up","Centurus superciliaris murceus"],["10771","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes superciliaris caymanensis","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.4 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11082266",null,null,"Grand Cayman.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Centurus caymanensis"],["10772","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes carolinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.113","Red-bellied Woodpecker","Red-bellied Woodpecker","Red-bellied Woodpecker",null,null,"eastern North America (southern Canada to Texas and Florida Keys)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680856","rebwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebwoo","avibase-078557F2",null,null,"North America == South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/131/mode/1up","Picus carolinus"],["10773","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.512","Golden-fronted Woodpecker","Golden-fronted Woodpecker","Golden-fronted Woodpecker","2025-0799","Taxon <em>santacruzi </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Melanerpes aurifrons</em> based on genomic DNA evidence of monophyly and gene flow (Llanes-Quevedo et al. 2022). Sometimes treated as a separate species based on mitochondrial DNA data (García-Trejo et al. 2009) that placed nominate <em>aurifrons </em>as sister to <em>M. carolinus</em>, but Llanes-Quevedo et al. (2022) demonstrated that this is due to mtDNA artifacts. Further research is needed to determine species limits in this geographically variable complex.","open areas and drier woodland from lowlands to hills of southwestern Oklahoma and western Texas (south-central USA) southward through Chihuahua (north-central Mexico) and Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula, including Cozumel Island, southward to north-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680862","gofwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gofwoo","avibase-88C719E5",null,null,"'Mexico' = Hidalgo.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/262/mode/1up","Picus Aurifrons"],["10774","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons aurifrons","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.512",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southwestern Oklahoma and northwestern Texas to south-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70D272F3",null,null,"'Mexico' = Hidalgo.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/262/mode/1up","Picus Aurifrons"],["10775","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons polygrammus","(Cabanis, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Mexico (southwestern Oaxaca through interior Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-153816B0",null,null,"San Bartolo, Tehuantepec.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Mai-Heft, S. 161-176.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/356/mode/1up","Centurus polygrammus"],["10776","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons grateloupensis","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and San Luís Potosí to Puebla and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49180FE4",null,null,"Mexico.","Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du Docteur Abeillé à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/49/mode/1up","Picus Grateloupensis"],["10777","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons veraecrucis","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic slope: eastern Mexico (Veracruz) to northeastern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-061BE505",null,null,"Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Melanerpes dubius veraecrucis"],["10778","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons dubius","(Cabot, 1844)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to northeastern Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68E2983A",null,null,"Yucatan; type from Uxmal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37030#page/180/mode/1up","Picus dubius"],["10779","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons leei","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C12D4F2",null,null,"Cozumel Island [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/378/mode/1up","Centurus leei"],["10780","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Chiapas to El Salvador, southwestern Honduras, and north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FBEBEF2",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/288/mode/1up","Centurus Santa Cruzi"],["10781","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi","Dickerman, 1987","Occasional Papers of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 3 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Guatemala (upper Río Negro and upper Motagua Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-455E599D",null,null,"Sacapulas, Department of El Quiche, Guatemala","Two new subspecies of birds from Guatemala.",null,"Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi"],["10782","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons pauper","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CD374C1",null,null,"Truxillo, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/596/mode/1up","Centurus santacruzi pauper"],["10783","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons turneffensis","(Russell, 1963)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 25 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Turneffe Islands (off Belize)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5860525E",null,null,"Calabash Cay, Turneffe Islands, British Honduras [=Belize]","A new race of Centurus aurifons (Aves: Picidae) from British Honduras.","https://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1066&context=opmns","Centurus aurifrons turneffensis"],["10784","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons insulanus","(Bond, 1936)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Utila Island (off northern Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E8425C1",null,null,"Utilla Island.","Resident Birds of the Bay Islands of Spanish Honduras.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064193","Centurus santa-cruzi insulanus"],["10785","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Melanerpes aurifrons canescens","(Salvin, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Roatán and Barbareta islands (off northern Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85E25E9A",null,null,"Ruatan Island.","A List of the Birds of the Islands of the Coast of Yucatan and of the Bay of Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/400/mode/1up","Centurus canescens"],["10786","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.7",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus tridactylus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 54).",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA7#v=onepage","Picoides"],["10787","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides arcticus","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.313","Black-backed Woodpecker","Black-backed Woodpecker","Black-backed Woodpecker",null,null,"boreal forest of northern North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681181","bkbwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbwoo","avibase-6BDADC9C",null,null,"Near the sources of the Athabasca River, lat. 57° N., eastern slope of the Rockies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/453/mode/1up","Picus (Apternus) arcticus"],["10788","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides dorsalis","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xxviii,97,100","American Three-toed Woodpecker","American Three-toed Woodpecker",null,"2025-0802","Taxon <em>dorsalis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Picoides tridactylus</em> (polytypic) based on mitochondrial DNA and vocal differences (Winkler &amp; Short 1978). As phenotypic variation is limited, a genome-wide DNA study is needed to affirm species limits in the <em>dorsalis-tridactylus</em> complex, including the status of <em>funebris </em>(here placed in <em>tridactylus</em>), which is sometimes treated as specifically distinct based on its darker plumage.","boreal and montane coniferous forest from northern Alaska eastward across northern Canada to northeastern Newfoundland, southward along western Canada to northwestern US, to southern Oregon and along the Rocky Mountains to central Arizona and south-central New Mexico, and eastward to eastern Wyoming and adjacent South Dakota; southward in eastern Canada to northernmost US, including the Adirondack Mountains",null,null,null,"attwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/attwoo1","avibase-6D2680D0",null,null,"Laramie Peak, Wyoming.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/161/mode/1up","Picoides dorsalis"],["10789","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides dorsalis fasciatus","Baird, 1870","Geological Survey of California. Ornithology. Volume I. Land Birds 1 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska and Yukon southward to Oregon, northern Idaho, and western Montana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C748A54",null,null,"No locality = Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33119#page/403/mode/1up","Picoides Americanus var fasciatus"],["10790","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides dorsalis dorsalis","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xxviii,97,100",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains from Montana to Nevada and northwestern New Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD468BFC",null,null,"Laramie Peak, Wyoming.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/161/mode/1up","Picoides dorsalis"],["10791","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides dorsalis bacatus","Bangs, 1900","The Auk 17, no.2 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"Alberta, Labrador, and Newfoundland southward to Minnesota and northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB11C3BF",null,null,"Bangor, Maine.","A review of the Three-toed Woodpeckers of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss2/7/","Picoides americanus bacatus"],["10792","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114","Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker","Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker",null,"2025-0802","Taxon <em>dorsalis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Picoides tridactylus</em> (polytypic) based on mitochondrial DNA and vocal differences (Winkler &amp; Short 1978). As phenotypic variation is limited, a genome-wide DNA study is needed to affirm species limits in the <em>dorsalis-tridactylus</em> complex, including the status of <em>funebris </em>(here placed in <em>tridactylus</em>), which is sometimes treated as specifically distinct based on its darker plumage.","taiga and montane habitats from northern Scandinavia southward to central Europe and eastward to Sakhalin, Kamchatka, and Hokkaido (northern Japan), southward to central Asia, eastern Tibet, and southwestern China",null,null,null,"ettwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ettwoo1","avibase-05B8A4F1",null,null,"Sweden, Alps of Lapland and Dalekarlia, and Hudson Bay = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus tridactylus"],["10793","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus tridactylus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Europe to northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and Sakhalin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB632A9A",null,null,"Sweden, Alps of Lapland and Dalekarlia, and Hudson Bay = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus tridactylus"],["10794","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus alpinus","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Europe to western Ukraine and Romania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F348230C",null,null,"Mountains of Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/226/mode/1up","Picoides alpinus"],["10795","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus crissoleucus","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.362 pl.DCLXXXI fig.4197,4198",null,null,null,null,null,"northern taiga from Ural Mountains to Sea of Okhotsk",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0241E76",null,null,"Forests on the Irtysh.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/402/mode/1up","Apternus crissoleucus"],["10796","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus albidior","Stejneger, 1888","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 29 p.321,338,342",null,null,null,null,null,"Kamchatka Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23DB0304",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32830#page/327/mode/1up","Picoides albidior"],["10797","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus tianschanicus","Buturlin, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kazakhstan and western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFFD0EB4",null,null,"Tien Shan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/27/mode/1up","Picoides tianschanicus"],["10798","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus kurodai","Yamashina, 1930","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 6, no.30 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China and northern Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEAFE496",null,null,"Nojido, eastern slope of Mt. Hakuto, northern Korea.","Twelve new additions on Birds from Korea.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.6.29_251","Picoides tridactylus kurodai"],["10799","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus inouyei","Yamashina, 1943","Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 13 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Hokkaido (Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEA16735",null,null,"Mitsumata, Kami-Shihoro, Kato District, Tokachi Province, Hokkaido.","A new subspecies of Picoides tridactylus discovered in Hokkaido.",null,"Picoides tridactylus inouyei"],["10800","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Picoides tridactylus funebris","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China to Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68A24A4D",null,null,"Mountains of Chinese Tibet = Sikang.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/335/mode/1up","Picoides funebris"],["10801","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.123.",null,null,null,"2025-0798b","Genus <em>Yungipicus </em>(polytypic) is recognized based on genetics (Fuchs &amp; Pons 2015; Shakya et al. 2017), supported by the relative morphological uniformity and diagnosability of this clade.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus (Dendrocopus) Hardwickii [Jerdon, 1845]; type by subsequent designation",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false","Yungipicus"],["10802","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus temminckii","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.529","Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker","Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker","Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker",null,null,"Sulawesi, Togian Islands (to northeast) and Buton (to southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681042","sulwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulwoo2","avibase-4FDB8D83",null,null,"Celebes [Indonesia]","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/565/mode/1up","Picus Temminckii"],["10803","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.4 text to pl.585","Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker","Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker","Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to montane forest and riparian woodland from Ussuriland and Sakhalin (Russia) southward to northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan including Izu and Ryukyu islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681072","pygwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygwoo1","avibase-6347258A",null,null,"Japan, == Kyushu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/106/mode/1up","Picus kizuki"],["10804","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki permutatus","(Meise, 1934)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 18, no.2 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia (Ussuriland), North Korea, and adjacent northeastern China (Liaoning)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B51703A4",null,null,"Sidemi, Ussuriland","Die Vogelwelt der Mandschurei.",null,"Dryobates kizuki permutatus"],["10805","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki seebohmi","Hargitt, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.5 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAADA646",null,null,"Honshu and Hokkaido; restricted to the latter by Stejneger.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. V. On a new Japanese Woodpecker.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/136/mode/1up","Iyngipicus seebohmi"],["10806","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki nippon","Kuroda, 1922","Ibis ser.11, vol.4, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central China, South Korea, and Honshu (central Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-126EBEA6",null,null,"Nakahata, Gotemba, Prov. Suruga, Honshu.","Notes on the Birds of Tsushima and Iki Islands, Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55203#page/140/mode/1up","Yungipicus kizuki nippon"],["10807","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki shikokuensis","Kuroda, 1922","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 10 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Japan (southwestern Honshu and Shikoku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-845DBAB3",null,null,"Shusogun, Prov. Iyo, Shikoku.","Description of four new birds from the Islands of Japan and Formosa.",null,"Yungipicus kizuki shikokuensis"],["10808","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki kizuki","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.4 text to pl.585",null,null,null,null,null,"Kyushu (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02C522E9",null,null,"Japan, == Kyushu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/106/mode/1up","Picus kizuki"],["10809","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki matsudairai","Kuroda, 1921","The Auk 38, no.4 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"Yakushima (off southern Kyushu) and central Izu Islands (Miyake and Mikura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94604C8C",null,null,"Miyakeshima, Seven Islands of Izu, Japan.","Descriptions of seven new forms of Japanese and Corean Picidae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol38/iss4/8/","Yungipicus kizuki matsudairai"],["10810","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki kotataki","Kuroda, 1922","Ibis ser.11, vol.4, no.1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Oki and Tsushima islands (southern Sea of Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11864C13",null,null,"Nitamura, Tsushima.","Notes on the Birds of Tsushima and Iki Islands, Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55203#page/138/mode/1up","Yungipicus kizuki kotataki"],["10811","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki amamii","Kuroda, 1922","Ibis ser.11, vol.4, no.1 p.87,88",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ryukyu Islands (Amami Ōshima and Tokuno-Shima, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61914B7B",null,null,"Amamishima, Ryukyu Islands.","Notes on the Birds of Tsushima and Iki Islands, Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55203#page/139/mode/1up","Yungipicus kizuki amamii"],["10812","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki nigrescens","Seebohm, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.18 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"Okinawa (south-central Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D327E84",null,null,"Naha, Okinawa, Ryuk)ai Islands.","Notes on the Birds of the Loo-Choo Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/219/mode/1up","Iyngipicus kizuki nigrescens"],["10813","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus kizuki orii","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Iriomote (southern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E93A8FE",null,null,"Sonai, Iriomote, Ryukyu Islands.","Description of new subspecies from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/515/mode/1up","Yungipicus kizuki orii"],["10814","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus ramsayi","Hargitt, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.598","Sulu Pygmy Woodpecker","Sulu Pygmy Woodpecker","Sulu Pygmy Woodpecker",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Tawitawi, Sanga Sanga, and Sibutu, southern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681052","phiwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phiwoo3","avibase-8AEE3731",null,null,"Northeastern Borneo ; error, Sulu Islands.","On three apparently New Species of Iyngipicus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/660/mode/1up","Iyngipicus ramsayi"],["10815","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus maculatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89","Philippine Pygmy Woodpecker","Philippine Pygmy Woodpecker","Philippine Pygmy Woodpecker",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681046","phiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phiwoo1","avibase-1A7D3F29",null,null,"Antigua, Panay.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Picus maculatus"],["10816","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus maculatus validirostris","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.805",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon group and Mindoro (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEFE890B",null,null,"No locality; name for the bird described and referred to P. nanus Vigors by Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 197.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/169/mode/1up","Picus validirostris"],["10817","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus maculatus fulvifasciatus","Hargitt, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.598",null,null,null,null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1818AB1D",null,null,"Basilan and Mindanao; type from Zamboanga, Mindanao.","On three apparently New Species of Iyngipicus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/660/mode/1up","Iyngipicus fulvifasciatus"],["10818","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus maculatus maculatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"West Visayas (west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03FEC842",null,null,"Antigua, Panay.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Picus maculatus"],["10819","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.197","Grey-capped Pygmy Woodpecker","Gray-capped Pygmy Woodpecker","Grey-capped Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, open woodland, scrub, and mangroves, from northeastern Pakistan and northwestern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to southern China and Taiwan, northward to Ussuriland (Russia) and Korean Peninsula, and southward through southeastern Asia to Sumatra, Borneo, and some adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681068","gycwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycwoo1","avibase-5A4F2DF6",null,null,"Arakan; type from Ramree Island.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/365/mode/1up","Picus canicapillus"],["10820","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus doerriesi","Hargitt, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.19 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia (Ussuriland) to northeastern China and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBEE237B",null,null,"Askold Island, Siberia.","On a supposed new Species of Woodpecker from Eastern Siberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/452/mode/1up","Iyngipicus doerriesi"],["10821","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus scintilliceps","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.17 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central China (Liaoning to Sichuan and Zhejiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DE464C8",null,null,"Peking [= Peiping, Hopeh, China.]","Additions and Corrections to the Ornithology of Northern China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/120/mode/1up","Picus scintilliceps"],["10822","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus kaleensis","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Sichuan to Fujian) to northern Myanmar and northern Indochina; Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8883256",null,null,"Formosa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/426/mode/1up","Picus kaleensis"],["10823","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus swinhoei","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB2DEE9E",null,null,"No-tai, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/241/mode/1up","Iyngipicus scintilliceps swinhoei"],["10824","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus mitchellii","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.530",null,null,null,null,null,"western Nepal to northwestern India and northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C059704",null,null,"L'Hymalaya, le royayme de Nepaul, et peut-être d'autres parties du nord de l'Inde.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/566/mode/1up","Picus mitchellii"],["10825","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus semicoronatus","(Malherbe, 1849)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle cahier5 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Nepal to western Assam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D0D11DB",null,null,"Himalayas = Darjeeling.","Note sur quelques nouvelles espèces de pics.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105382#page/28/mode/1up","Picus semicoronatus"],["10826","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus canicapillus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Assam, Bangladesh to central and southern Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84BDBAE9",null,null,"Arakan; type from Ramree Island.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/365/mode/1up","Picus canicapillus"],["10827","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus delacouri","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1938)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 90 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand, Cambodia, and Cochinchina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-644512DB",null,null,"Ubol-Chanuman, lat. 15° 30' N., long. 105° E., Siam.","On the races of Dryobates hardwickii in Siam.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064240","Dryobates hardwickii delacouri"],["10828","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus auritus","(Eyton, 1845)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.16, no.105 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-152B7030",null,null,"Malacca.","XXIV. Descriptions of some apparently new species of Birds from Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19483#page/259/mode/1up","Tripsurus auritus"],["10829","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus volzi","(Stresemann, 1920)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 14 Heft4 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, and Nias Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71D87A3C",null,null,"Laut Tawar [Atjeh], Sumatra.","Ein neuer Specht aus Sumatra. Ein neuer Name für Picus striolatus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103534#page/330/mode/1up","Dryobates canicapillus volzi"],["10830","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus canicapillus aurantiiventris","(Salvadori, 1868)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 3 p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0C41D42",null,null,"Borneo = Sarawak.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=l_RSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA524","Picus (Baeopipo) aurantiiventris"],["10831","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus moluccensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.439","Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker","Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker","Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker",null,null,"foothill to submontane open forest, coastal scrub, and mangroves, from peninsular Malaysia and Greater Sundas eastward to Lesser Sundas (to Alor)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681064","bncwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncwoo2","avibase-BAC6337B",null,null,"Moluccas, = Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/451/mode/1up","Picus moluccensis"],["10832","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus moluccensis moluccensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.439",null,null,null,null,null,"Thailand and Malayan Peninsula to Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Riau Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8054EDBB",null,null,"Moluccas, = Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/451/mode/1up","Picus moluccensis"],["10833","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus moluccensis grandis","Hargitt, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Lomblen, Sumbawa, Flores, Besar, and Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0698D45C",null,null,"Lombok and Flores; restricted to Lombok by Rensch, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 546.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. II. The Genus Iyngipicus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/75/mode/1up","Iyngipicus grandis"],["10834","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus nanus","(Vigors, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.14 p.172","Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker","Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker","Indian Pygmy Woodpecker",null,null,"deciduous to evergreen forest and adjacent gardens and fields of sub-Himalayan Indian Subcontinent from southern Kashmir and Gujarat eastward to southeastern Nepal and far western Bangladesh, southward through Indian Peninsula to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681060","bncwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncwoo3","avibase-DB8E1EC2",null,null,"Himalayas.","Exhibition of the sixth and last portion of the species comprising the 'Century of Birds from the Himalayan Mountains,' drawn and lithographed by Mr. and Mrs. Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/188/mode/1up","Picus nanus"],["10835","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus nanus nanus","(Vigors, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.14 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"sub-Himalayan zone from southern Kashmir eastward through southeastern Nepal and eastern West Bengal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DCB4067",null,null,"Himalayas.","Exhibition of the sixth and last portion of the species comprising the 'Century of Birds from the Himalayan Mountains,' drawn and lithographed by Mr. and Mrs. Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/188/mode/1up","Picus nanus"],["10836","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus nanus hardwickii","(Jerdon, 1845)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India (except southern Western Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2665B161",null,null,"Southern India, = Goomsoor. Ganjam.","Second Supplement to the Catalogue of the Birds of Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/440/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrocopus) Hardwickii"],["10837","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus nanus cinereigula","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.531",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Kerala and western Tamil Nadu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBBF3583",null,null,"Madras = Alleppy, Travancore.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/567/mode/1up","Picus cinereigula"],["10838","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Yungipicus nanus gymnopthalmos","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.804",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F6EA05A",null,null,"Ceylon.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/168/mode/1up","Picus gymnopthalmos"],["10839","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leiopicus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.123.",null,null,null,"2025-0798d","Taxon <em>mahrattensis </em>is placed in <em>Leiopicus</em> based on multilocus DNA data (Shakya et al. 2017).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus Mahrattensis [Latham, 1801]; type by subsequent designation",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false","Leiopicus"],["10840","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leiopicus mahrattensis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxi","Yellow-crowned Woodpecker","Yellow-crowned Woodpecker","Yellow-crowned Woodpecker",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill dry open woodland, desert scrub, and riverine forest, in eastern Pakistan, subcontinental India, and Sri Lanka, and in western Myanmar and central Thailand, and in southern Laos, eastern Cambodia, and adjacent Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681092","yecwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecwoo1","avibase-CBBA6CB0",null,null,"India =: the Mahratta country, ex Gen. Syn., suppl. 2, p. 142, no. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/37/mode/1up","Picus Mahrattensis"],["10841","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leiopicus mahrattensis pallescens","(Biswas, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1500 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pakistan (east of Indus River) and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCC77634",null,null,"Lucknow, India","Revisions of Indian birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3969/","Dendrocopos mahrattensis pallescens"],["10842","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leiopicus mahrattensis mahrattensis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxi",null,null,null,null,null,"India and Sri Lanka to Myanmar, southwestern China, eastern Cambodia, and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C87814A",null,null,"India =: the Mahratta country, ex Gen. Syn., suppl. 2, p. 142, no. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/37/mode/1up","Picus Mahrattensis"],["10843","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes","Cabanis & Heine, 1863","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.41",null,null,null,"2025-0798c","Taxa <em>medius</em>, <em>dorae</em>, and <em>auriceps </em>are placed in <em>Dendrocoptes </em>based on multilocus DNA data (Shakya et al. 2017).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus medius [Linnaeus, 1758]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/45/mode/1up","Dendrocoptes"],["10844","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes medius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114","Middle Spotted Woodpecker","Middle Spotted Woodpecker","Middle Spotted Woodpecker",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill mature deciduous forest, especially oak-hornbeam or oak-beech woodland, from west-central Europe eastward to western Russia, and southward to northern Spain, southern Italy, Türkiye, and western Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681114","miswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miswoo1","avibase-504B2FD4",null,null,"Europe == Sweden ex En. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus medius"],["10845","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes medius medius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Spain to France (and formerly southern Sweden), Estonia, western Russia, Ukraine, Italy, and Balkans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D49753CA",null,null,"Europe == Sweden ex En. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus medius"],["10846","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes medius caucasicus","Bianchi, 1904","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 9 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Türkiye to Caucasus and Transcaucasia; probably also northwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46EA13FB",null,null,"Northern Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37023#page/164/mode/1up","Dendrocoptes medius caucasicus"],["10847","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes medius anatoliae","(Hartert, 1912)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.924",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Türkiye and northwestern Syria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-189A6843",null,null,"Xanthus, souther Asia Minor (= Turkey).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/128/mode/1up","Dryobates medius anatoliae"],["10848","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes medius sanctijohannis","(Blanford, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"Zagros Mountains (southwestern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49FD88CE",null,null,"Oak forests near Shiraz, 4000-7000 feet, Iran.","Descriptions of a new Jay and a new Woodpecker from Persia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/248/mode/1up","Picus sancti-johannis"],["10849","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes auriceps","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.44","Brown-fronted Woodpecker","Brown-fronted Woodpecker","Brown-fronted Woodpecker",null,null,"northern Baluchistan and western Himalayas (Afghanistan to northern India and Nepal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681079","brfwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brfwoo1","avibase-3716A0FB",null,null,"Himalayas.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/58/mode/1up","Picus auriceps"],["10850","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocoptes dorae","(Bates & Kinnear, 1935)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.156","Arabian Woodpecker","Arabian Woodpecker","Arabian Woodpecker",null,null,"southwestern Saudi Arabian Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681095","arawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arawoo1","avibase-0093A624",null,null,"Ukadh, 5000 feet, Taif-Mecca Road, Arabia.","Exhibition, on behalf of Mr. G. L. Bates and himself, of a new Woodpecker from Arabia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/194/mode/1up","Desertipicus dorae"],["10851","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chloropicus","Malherbe, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.399",null,null,null,"2025-0798a","<em>Chloropicus </em>is restricted to three species based on multi-gene DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2017; Shakya et al. 2017), supported by morphology: <em>C. namaquus; C. pyrrhogaster; </em>and <em>C. xantholophus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus (Chloropicus) pyrrhogaster [Malherbe, 1845]; type by subsequent designation (Dickinson & Remsen, 2013, Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th Edition, Vol.1 Non-Passerines)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/409/mode/1up","Chloropicus"],["10852","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chloropicus namaquus","(Lichtenstein, 1793)","Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum (etc.). Sectio prima p.17 no.179","Bearded Woodpecker","Bearded Woodpecker","Bearded Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, wooded dry savanna, and riverine and miombo woodland, from Central African Republic eastward to southern Sudan, and Somalia, and southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, and from Angola and central Namibia to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680982","beawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beawoo1","avibase-77D82F60",null,null,"Interior of South Africa = Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48345#page/41/mode/1up","Picus Namaquus"],["10853","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chloropicus namaquus schoensis","(Rüppell, 1842)","Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte 3 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Somalia and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D3F5444",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/142/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrobates) Schoënsis"],["10854","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chloropicus namaquus namaquus","(Lichtenstein, 1793)","Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum (etc.). Sectio prima p.17 no.179",null,null,null,null,null,"western Central African Republic to southern Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya, and from Angola southward to Namibia and eastward to Tanzania, to Botswana, central Mozambique, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE85769B",null,null,"Interior of South Africa = Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48345#page/41/mode/1up","Picus Namaquus"],["10855","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chloropicus namaquus coalescens","(Clancey, 1958)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Mozambique to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57AF38F5",null,null,"Kei Bridge, great Kei River, eastern Cape Province, South Africa","The South African Races of the Bearded Woddpecker Thripias namaquus (Lichtenstein).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/64/mode/1up","Thripias namaquus coalescens"],["10856","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chloropicus pyrrhogaster","(Malherbe, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.399","Fire-bellied Woodpecker","Fire-bellied Woodpecker","Fire-bellied Woodpecker",null,null,"Sierra Leone and southern Guinea to southern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680989","fibwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibwoo1","avibase-8E989334",null,null,"South Africa = Sierra Leone.","Description de sept espèces nouvelles du genre Picus, Linné.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/409/mode/1up","Picus (Chloropicus) Pyrrhogaster"],["10857","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Chloropicus xantholophus","(Hargitt, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.173","Yellow-crested Woodpecker","Golden-crowned Woodpecker","Yellow-crested Woodpecker",null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon to far southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680996","gocwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocwoo3","avibase-2700C97D",null,null,"Gaboon.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. III. Descriptions of two new Species of Woodpeckers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/217/mode/1up","Dendropicus xantholophus"],["10858","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos","Malherbe, 1849","Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Metz 30 p.316,338",null,null,null,"2025-0798a","<em>Chloropicus </em>is restricted to three species based on multi-gene DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2017; Shakya et al. 2017), supported by morphology: <em>C. namaquus; C. pyrrhogaster; </em>and <em>C. xantholophus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dendropicos lafresnayi [Malherbe, 1849]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, WL, 1921, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 42, p. 25).",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33229k/f350.item","Dendropicos"],["10859","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos stierlingi","Reichenow, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.166","Stierling's Woodpecker","Stierling's Woodpecker","Stierling's Woodpecker",null,null,"southern Tanzania to northern Mozambique and southern Malawi; eastern Zambia?",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680978","stiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stiwoo1","avibase-D1F738F4",null,null,"Songea, Tanganyika Territory.","Dendropicos stierlingi Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/184/mode/1up","Dendropicos stierlingi"],["10860","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos obsoletus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.510","Brown-backed Woodpecker","Brown-backed Woodpecker","Brown-backed Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to montane dry scrubby woodland, wooded grassland, and Hagenia forest, from Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia, and southward to Central African Republic, southwestern and southeastern Kenya, and north-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681030","brbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbwoo1","avibase-9FF4EDB5",null,null,"Senegambia.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/261/mode/1up","Picus obsoletus"],["10861","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos obsoletus obsoletus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.510",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to southern Cameroon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Sudan, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B09C9EF",null,null,"Senegambia.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/261/mode/1up","Picus obsoletus"],["10862","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos obsoletus heuglini","(Neumann, 1904)","Journal für Ornithologie 52, no.3 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan to northern Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DA8A2E7",null,null,"Eritrea and Bogosland; type from Ghadi-Saati, Mareb River, Eritrea.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101586#page/414/mode/1up","Jyngipicus obsoletus heuglini"],["10863","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos obsoletus ingens","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Ethiopia to northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and far northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFDF497C",null,null,"Nairobi, Kenya Colony.","Another small contribution to African ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/47/mode/1up","Iyngipicus obsoletus ingens"],["10864","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos obsoletus crateri","(Sclater & Moreau, 1935)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tanzania (Crater Highlands southward to Nou Forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06893EA7",null,null,"Southwest lip of the crater of Ngorongoro, 7500 feet, Mbulu dist., Tanganyika Territory.","Account of Mr. R. E. Moreau's recent expedition to the central northern highlands of Tanganyika Territory, and description of one new species and five new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/49/mode/1up","Yungipicus obsoletus crateri"],["10865","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos goertae","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.91","African Grey Woodpecker","African Gray Woodpecker","Grey Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland and foothill woodland, wooded grassland, forest edge, and mangroves, from southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Angola, western Kenya, and northwestern and far northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730269","grywoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grywoo1","avibase-E5DF48FC",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/111/mode/1up","Picus Goertae"],["10866","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos goertae koenigi","(Neumann, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Sahel of Sahara (eastern Mali to Niger, Chad, and western Sudan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-482098E8",null,null,"Mutmir, Berber Province, Sudan.","Neue afrikanische Species und Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/199/mode/1up","Mesopicos goertae königi"],["10867","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos goertae abessinicus","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan, western Eritrea, and northern and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49FAE1A5",null,null,"Ethiopia, Kordofan and Sennar; type locality fixed as Sereya, 15 miles north of Roseires, Blue Nile, eastern Sudan, by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 69, 1939, p. 53.","Über Mesopicos goertae und Verwandte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/76/mode/1up","Mesopicos goertae abessinicus"],["10868","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos goertae goertae","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F3AB1B8",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/111/mode/1up","Picus Goertae"],["10869","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos goertae centralis","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.59.",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone eastward to southern Sudan, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E71A12E4",null,null,"Ndussuma, west of Lake Albert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/77/mode/1up","Mesopicos goertae centralis"],["10870","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos goertae meridionalis","Louette & Prigogine, 1982","Revue Zoologique Africaine 96 p.473",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Gabon to northwestern Angola and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09908CB7",null,null,"Katombe, Zaire","An appreciation of the distribution of Dendropicos goertae and the description of a new race (Aves: Picidae).",null,"Dendropicos goertae meridionalis"],["10871","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos spodocephalus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.125","Eastern Grey Woodpecker","Mountain Gray Woodpecker","Grey-headed Woodpecker",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest and edge, wooded savanna, and riverine woodland, of eastern South Sudan and Ethiopian highlands, and of central and southern Kenya and north-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681018","gyhwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhwoo1","avibase-902E9F69",null,null,"Africa occid.; West Africa = East Africa, i.e. Shoa  [Ethiopia], ex Rüppell, Vog. N.-O. Afr., p. 86.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/209/mode/1up","Dendrobates spodocephalus"],["10872","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos spodocephalus spodocephalus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan and highlands of central and southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD92E721",null,null,"Africa occid.; West Africa = East Africa, i.e. Shoa  [Ethiopia], ex Rüppell, Vog. N.-O. Afr., p. 86.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/209/mode/1up","Dendrobates spodocephalus"],["10873","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos spodocephalus rhodeogaster","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Kenya to north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91257610",null,null,"Massailand = northern Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/192/mode/1up","Picus (Mesopicus) rhodeogaster"],["10874","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos griseocephalus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49","Olive Woodpecker","Olive Woodpecker","Olive Woodpecker",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest, dense woodland and thickets, and coastal bush, from Angola and northern Namibia eastward to northeastern Tanzania, and northward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda, and far southern Mozambique and eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681023","oliwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliwoo2","avibase-02E004AD",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 786, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Picus griseocephalus"],["10875","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos griseocephalus ruwenzori","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FF680DB",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/378/mode/1up","Mesopicus ruwenzori"],["10876","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos griseocephalus kilimensis","(Neumann, 1926)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF624DF5",null,null,"Kifinika highland, 3000 meters, Mt. Kilimanjaro.","Die Formengruppe Mesopicos griseocephalus.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_34_0080-0081.pdf","Mesopicos griseocephalus kilimensis"],["10877","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos griseocephalus griseocephalus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Mozambique and eastern and southern South Africa (eastern Limpopo to southern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DAF2039",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 786, f. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Picus griseocephalus"],["10878","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos abyssinicus","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lvi","Abyssinian Woodpecker","Abyssinian Woodpecker","Abyssinian Woodpecker",null,null,"savanna and juniper highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680959","abywoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abywoo1","avibase-33F13BB1",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/656/mode/1up","Picus Abyssinicus"],["10879","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos lugubris","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.178","Melancholy Woodpecker","Melancholy Woodpecker","Melancholy Woodpecker",null,null,"Sierra Leone to southeastern Ghana, southern Nigeria, and southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680967","melwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melwoo1","avibase-735D837C",null,null,"Aguapim, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/252/mode/1up","Dendropicus lugubris"],["10880","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos gabonensis","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.513","Gabon Woodpecker","Gabon Woodpecker","Gabon Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest edge, tall second growth, and edges of cultivation, from southern Nigeria eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far western Uganda, and southward through Gabon to central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730264","gabwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabwoo1","avibase-8B3DF118",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Description d'espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux du Gabon (côte occidentale d'Afrique).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/543/mode/1up","Dendrobates Gabonensis"],["10881","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos gabonensis reichenowi","Sjöstedt, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria and far southwestern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9AD24A6",null,null,"Cameroons.","Dendropicus reichenowi n. sp. von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/152/mode/1up","Dendropicus reichenowi"],["10882","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos gabonensis gabonensis","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.513",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E027E680",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Description d'espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux du Gabon (côte occidentale d'Afrique).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/543/mode/1up","Dendrobates Gabonensis"],["10883","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos elliotii","(Cassin, 1863)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15 p.197","Elliot's Woodpecker","Elliot's Woodpecker",null,"2025-0800","Taxon <em>johnstoni </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Dendropicos elliotii,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Mitochondrial DNA divergence is limited (Fuchs et al. 2017a), and the presence of a phenotypically intermediate taxon, sometimes treated as valid subspecies <em>kupeensis </em>(Serle 1952), supports conspecificity.","lowland to montane forest, swamp-forest forest, and gallery woodland, from southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, and southward to western Angola and western Burundi",null,null,null,"ellwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ellwoo1","avibase-81934FAF",null,null,"Muni River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18294#page/203/mode/1up","Polipicus Elliotii"],["10884","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos elliotii johnstoni","(Shelley, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; Bioko Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E8364D5",null,null,"Cameroon Mt., 6000 feet.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Cameroons Mountain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/180/mode/1up","Poliopicus johnstoni"],["10885","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos elliotii elliotii","(Cassin, 1863)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Cameroon to western Angola, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-420A6ADC",null,null,"Muni River, Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18294#page/203/mode/1up","Polipicus Elliotii"],["10886","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos elachus","Oberholser, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.8","Little Grey Woodpecker","Little Gray Woodpecker","Sahelian Woodpecker",null,null,"Sahel (southwestern Mauritania to Senegambia, Chad, and west-central Sudan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680949","ligwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ligwoo3","avibase-C6F9E5EE",null,null,"Senegal and coast of Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/28/mode/1up","Dendropicos elachus"],["10887","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos poecilolaemus","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.30","Speckle-breasted Woodpecker","Speckle-breasted Woodpecker","Speckle-breasted Woodpecker",null,null,"far southeastern Nigeria eastward to southwestern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, northern Rwanda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680954","spbwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbwoo2","avibase-739A97EE",null,null,"Sconga, west of Lake Albert.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/44/mode/1up","Dendropicus poecilolaemus"],["10888","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.86","Cardinal Woodpecker","Cardinal Woodpecker","Cardinal Woodpecker",null,null,"widespread in sub-Saharan lowland to montane open and dense woodland, wooded grassland, and farmbush, from Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia and Somalia, and southward (avoiding rainforest) to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22680963","carwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carwoo1","avibase-0A241B83",null,null,"South Africa, based on Levaillant, pl. 253 ; Grootvaders Bosch [Swellendam dist.. Cape Province], selected as type locality by Roberts, 1924, p. 83.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/100/mode/1up","Picus fuscescens"],["10889","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens lafresnayi","Malherbe, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.533",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia and Sierra Leone to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5719E6A2",null,null,"Africa = Aguapim, Gold Coast.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/569/mode/1up","Dendropicos Lafresnayi"],["10890","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens sharpii","Oustalet, 1879","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin ser.2, vol.2, fasc.1 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon and Central African Republic to western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6847F01C",null,null,"Doume, Ogowe River, Gaboon.","Catalogue méthodique des oiseaux recueillis par M. Marche dans son voyage sur l'Ogôoué avec description d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113476#page/74/mode/1up","Dendropicus Sharpii"],["10891","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens lepidus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to highlands of Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-266A4DA4",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/122/mode/1up","Ipoctonus lepidus"],["10892","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens hemprichii","(Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.r p.38,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"lower elevations of the Horn of Africa: Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia to northern and eastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FEF6D75",null,null,"Arkiko, coastal Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/48/mode/1up","Picus Hemprichii"],["10893","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens massaicus","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.2 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia, inland and western Kenya, and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B499010",null,null,"Ndala-lani, Lake Nguruman, Kenya Colony.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/216/mode/1up","Dendropicus guineensis massaicus"],["10894","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens loandae","Grant, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to northern Namibia, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Tanzania, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C460D208",null,null,"Luanda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/131/mode/1up","Dendropicos lafresnayi loandoe"],["10895","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens hartlaubii","Malherbe, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.532",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Kenya to Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7C623E6",null,null,"Zanzibar.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/568/mode/1up","Dendropicos Hartlaubii"],["10896","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens intermedius","Roberts, 1924","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 10, pt.2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa to central and southern Mozambique (south of the lower Zambezi River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CB22577",null,null,"Weenen, Natal.","Classification of South African Birds : Some additional notes.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_728","Dendropicos fuscescens intermedius"],["10897","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendropicos fuscescens fuscescens","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Namibia to north-central South Africa (to western KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7663A55C",null,null,"South Africa, based on Levaillant, pl. 253 ; Grootvaders Bosch [Swellendam dist.. Cape Province], selected as type locality by Roberts, 1924, p. 83.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/100/mode/1up","Picus fuscescens"],["10898","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos","Koch, 1816","System der baierischen Zoologie (etc.) 1 p.72, pl.1, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus major [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 18, p. 201).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105949#page/120/mode/1up","Dendrocopos"],["10899","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos hyperythrus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23","Rufous-bellied Woodpecker","Rufous-bellied Woodpecker","Rufous-bellied Woodpecker",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forest, in Himalayas from northeastern Pakistan eastward to south-central China and northwestern Thailand, and in southern Laos, eastern Cambodia, and adjacent eastern Thailand and southern Vietnam, and in northeastern China, adjacent Ussuriland (Russia), and possibly North Korea; latter population migratory, winters northern Vietnam and southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681105","rubwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubwoo1","avibase-DC1B8B91",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to the eastern Himalayas by Hartert, 1912.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Picus hyperythrus"],["10900","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos hyperythrus marshalli","(Hartert, 1912)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.926",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan to Kashmir and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DEB54D3",null,null,"Murree, northwestern Punjab, India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/130/mode/1up","Dryobates hyperythrus marshalli"],["10901","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos hyperythrus hyperythrus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, Myanmar, and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47747986",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to the eastern Himalayas by Hartert, 1912.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Picus hyperythrus"],["10902","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos hyperythrus subrufinus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.50,note",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China and Ussuriland; winters to southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24343BB4",null,null,"Talien Bay and Tientsin, North China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/54/mode/1up","Xylurgus subrufinus"],["10903","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos hyperythrus annamensis","(Kloss, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44000A39",null,null,"Daban, Annam.","Descriptions of two new subspecies from South Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/41/mode/1up","Dryobates hyperythrus annamensis"],["10904","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos atratus","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.803","Stripe-breasted Woodpecker","Stripe-breasted Woodpecker","Stripe-breasted Woodpecker",null,null,"northeastern India to Myanmar, southwestern China, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681089","stbwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbwoo4","avibase-37BC809F",null,null,"Tenasserim.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/167/mode/1up","Picus atratus"],["10905","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos atratus atratus","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.803",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Bhutan through southwestern China and eastward to northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A484F132",null,null,"Tenasserim.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/167/mode/1up","Picus atratus"],["10906","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos atratus vietnamensis","Stepanyan, 1988","Biologicheskie Nauky. Nachnye Doklady Shkoly. Moskva 7 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Vietnam; probably also southeastern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3C95DA7",null,null,"[Vietnam]","Dendrocopos atratus (Picidae, Aves) - a new species of the Vietnamese fauna. Nauchnye doklady vysshei shkoly.",null,"Dendrocopos atratus vietnamensis"],["10907","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos macei","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.80","Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker","Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker","Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to montane open forest, secondary growth, and bamboo, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to eastern India, Bangladesh, and western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726376","fubwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fubwoo2","avibase-00B39690",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/94/mode/1up","Picus Macei"],["10908","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos macei westermani","(Blyth, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan, northwestern India (Himachal Pradesh), and western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC620069",null,null,"'Himalaya'.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/185/mode/1up","Picus Westermani"],["10909","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos macei macei","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal to northern Myanmar and eastern Peninsular India (Odisha and > Andhra Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11215BFB",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/94/mode/1up","Picus Macei"],["10910","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos analis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.137","Freckle-breasted Woodpecker","Freckle-breasted Woodpecker","Freckle-breasted Woodpecker",null,null,"open forest and woodland, coastal scrub, and mangroves in the Andaman Islands, Ayeyarwady River basin from north-central Myanmar southward to the northern Malayan Peninsula in southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and northern Peninsular Thailand, and southern Cambodia, southern Laos, and southern Vietnam, and highly disjunctly in southern Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726384","frbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frbwoo1","avibase-036D7192",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/227/mode/1up","Picus analis"],["10911","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos analis longipennis","Hesse, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand, Laos, Annam, Cambodia, and Cochinchina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C71C8303",null,null,"Bangkok, Siam.","Berichtigunug.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/100/mode/1up","Dendrocopos analis longipennis"],["10912","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos analis andamanensis","(Blyth, 1859)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.412,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92AE35F7",null,null,"Port Blair, Andaman Islands.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/424/mode/1up","Picus andamanensis"],["10913","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos analis analis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B700FC9",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/227/mode/1up","Picus analis"],["10914","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos noguchii","(Seebohm, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.18 p.178 pl.7","Okinawa Woodpecker","Okinawa Woodpecker","Okinawa Woodpecker",null,null,"montane broadleaf forest in Yambaru Mountains, northern Okinawa (southern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan); rare",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681531","okiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/okiwoo1","avibase-9BDC3DAE",null,null,"Ryukyu Islands, type from 'Great Loo Choo Island' i.e. Okinawa.","Notes on the Birds of the Loo-Choo Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/220/mode/1up","Picus noguchii"],["10915","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos","(Bechstein, 1802)","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 1 p.66,pl.,fig","White-backed Woodpecker","White-backed Woodpecker",null,"2025-0801","Taxon <em>owstoni </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dendrocopos leucotos</em> based on genetics (Pons et al. 2021), supported by vocal similarities. Despite its large size and plumage distinctions, <em>owstoni </em>is deeply embedded within the Japanese clade of<em> D. leucotos</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data (Pons et al. 2021); genomic data would be informative.","patchy in foothill and submontane old-growth mixed and deciduous forest, and swamp forest, from Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia and Sakhalin (Russia), and southward to southeastern Europe, Caucasus, central and eastern China, Taiwan, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,null,null,"whbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwoo1","avibase-4507ACD7",null,null,"Schlesien [Silesia], Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/106/mode/1up","Picus leucotos"],["10916","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos tangi","Cheng, 1956","Acta Zoologica Sinica 8 no.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEA10BF5",null,null,"Shaping, Szechwan, China, 29.2 N, 103.5 E on March 26 and April 20, 1940 by Tang, Juichang","A new form of the White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos tangi subsp. nov.) from Szechwan, China.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122042906.pdf","Dendrocopos leucotos tangi"],["10917","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos fohkiensis","(Buturlin, 1908)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 13 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern China (Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3320DDEC",null,null,"Northwestern Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37010#page/437/mode/1up","Dendrodromas insularis fohkiensis"],["10918","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos insularis","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-076815E5",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/337/mode/1up","Picus insularis"],["10919","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi","(Sharpe & Dresser, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.48 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"Pyrenees to Türkiye, Caucasus, and Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4633D9B4",null,null,"Epirus.","LIV. On two undescribed Species of European Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/450/mode/1up","Picus Lilfordi"],["10920","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos subcirris","(Stejneger, 1886)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D577C11",null,null,"Sapporo, Hokkaido.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/127/mode/1up","Dryobates subcirris"],["10921","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos stejnegeri","(Kuroda, 1921)","The Auk 38, no.4 p.579",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (northern and central Honshu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8D751F1",null,null,"Minami-azumi-gori, Prov. Shinano, Hondo.","Descriptions of seven new forms of Japanese and Corean Picidae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol38/iss4/8/","Dryobates leucotis stejenegeri"],["10922","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos namiyei","(Stejneger, 1886)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.558 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Japan (southern Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C40CB600",null,null,"Yamato, southwest of Osaka, Honshu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/130/mode/1up","Dryobates namiyei"],["10923","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos takahashii","(Kuroda & Mori, 1920)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 2, no.10 p.266,277",null,null,null,null,null,"Ullung Island (off eastern South Korea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F19A1F7",null,null,"Yakinzan, Dagelet Island [Ulleungdo, South Korea].","A list of the birds of Dagelet Island, Corea, with detailed reference to some species.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.2.10_265","Dryobates leucotos takahashii"],["10924","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos quelpartensis","(Kuroda & Mori, 1918)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 2, no.7 p.74,88",null,null,null,null,null,"Jeju Island (Quelpart), off southern South Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BC02DFF",null,null,"Quelpart Island [=Jeju Island, South Korea]","On the Principal Birds Collected on Jeju Island, with a Catalogue of the Birds of Jeju Island","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.2.73","Dryobates leucotos quelpartensis"],["10925","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos owstoni","(Ogawa, 1905)","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 5 p.203 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"forests of Amami-Oshima (northern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD219757",null,null,"Amami O Shima.","Notes on Mr. Alan Owston's collection of birds from the islands lying between Kinsin and Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/152505#page/225/mode/1up","Picus owstoni"],["10926","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos leucotos","(Bechstein, 1802)","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 1 p.66,pl.,fig",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Europe (Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Poland) south to eastern Switzerland, Austria, northern Serbia, and the Carpathian Mountains, and east through southern Russia to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, northeastern China, and Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECBDA85D",null,null,"Schlesien [Silesia], Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/106/mode/1up","Picus leucotos"],["10927","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucotos uralensis","(Malherbe, 1861)","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 1 p.115 pl.26 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Siberia from the Ural Mountains eastward to Lake Baikal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-120BCFF3",null,null,"Ural Mts. at least in the Baschkir country; Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192136#page/169/mode/1up","Picus Uralensis"],["10928","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos darjellensis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.196","Darjeeling Woodpecker","Darjeeling Woodpecker","Darjeeling Woodpecker",null,null,"montane mossy forest, coniferous forest, and rhododendron woodland from northwestern Nepal eastward through far northeastern India and adjacent far southeastern Tibet to Sichuan and Yunnan, and southward in Indian hills south of the Brahmaputra River to the southern Chin Hills of western Myanmar (Mt. Victoria) to the mountains of northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681111","darwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darwoo1","avibase-16E5AF15",null,null,"Darjeeling and Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/364/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrocopus) darjellensis"],["10929","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos darjellensis darjellensis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.1, no.159 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to southeastern Tibet, northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCC26275",null,null,"Darjeeling and Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124012#page/364/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrocopus) darjellensis"],["10930","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos darjellensis desmursi","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FF669A8",null,null,"Mountains of Chinese Tibet.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/335/mode/1up","Picus desmursi"],["10931","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos leucopterus","(Salvadori, 1871)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 6 p.129","White-winged Woodpecker","White-winged Woodpecker","White-winged Woodpecker",null,null,"Aral Sea to Lake Balkhash, northeastern Afghanistan, and far western China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681130","whwwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwwoo1","avibase-E8AFCFD1",null,null,"Yarkand, Kashgaria.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=_Fx-LsxvzhgC&pg=PA129","Picus (Dendrocopus) leucopterus"],["10932","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114","Great Spotted Woodpecker","Great Spotted Woodpecker","Great Spotted Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, deciduous and coniferous woodland, and wooded parks, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia and Japan (Hokkaido to Tsushima), and southward to Canary Islands, northwestern Africa, southern Europe, Caucasus, eastern China (including Hainan), western Myanmar, and northern Vietnam; periodic eruptive movements triggered by cone-crop failures",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681124","grswoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grswoo","avibase-D754DB85",null,null,"Europe == Sweden ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus major"],["10933","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major major","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia and western Siberia to Ural Mountains, northern Poland, and northern Ukraine",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E00515C",null,null,"Europe == Sweden ex Fn. Suec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus major"],["10934","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major brevirostris","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.365 pl.DCLXXXIII fig.4212",null,null,null,null,null,"western Siberia to eastern Siberia, northern Mongolia, and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD8C42B1",null,null,"Irtysh River, Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/405/mode/1up","Picus brevirostris"],["10935","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major kamtschaticus","(Dybowski, 1883)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 8 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Kamchatka Peninsula and northern coast of Sea of Okhotsk",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80372AD5",null,null,"Birch forests of Kamchatka and on migration to Bering Island.","Remarques sur les oiseaux du Kamtschatka et les Iles Comandores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41934#page/390/mode/1up","Picus major kamtschaticus"],["10936","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major anglicus","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Britain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0C9D65B",null,null,"Horsham, Sussex, England.","Some miscellaneous notes on palaearctic birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/542/mode/1up","Dendrocopus major anglicus"],["10937","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major pinetorum","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"central Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B34B5797",null,null,"Coniferous forests of Germany; Renthendorf, Thuringia, Germany",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/219/mode/1up","Picus pinetorum"],["10938","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major parroti","Hartert, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95BC1C7A",null,null,"Evisa, Corsica.","Eine neue mediterrane Spechtform.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/207/mode/1up","Dendrocopus major parroti"],["10939","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major harterti","Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1902","Avicula: Giornale Ornitologico Italiano 6 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-637C6107",null,null,"Macomer, Sardinia.","Nota sopre alcune nuove sottospecie osservate negli Uccelli di Sardegna.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=NyNHAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA103#v=onepage","Dendrocopus major Harterti"],["10940","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major italiae","(Stresemann, 1919)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.2 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy, Sicily, and western Slovenia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F784C275",null,null,"Bologna, Italy.","Neue subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/21/mode/1up","Dryobates major italiae"],["10941","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major hispanus","(Schlüter, 1908)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 4, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07B87C49",null,null,"Sevilla, Spain.","Eine neue Buntspechtform aus Spanien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55157#page/387/mode/1up","Picus major hispanus"],["10942","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major canariensis","(Koenig, 1889)","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Tenerife (Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57E6EEDF",null,null,"Canary Islands = Tenerife, ex Journ. f. Orn., 38, 1890, p. 351.","Vorbemerkung über einige wohl zu unterscheidende und neue Vogelarten von den Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/275/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrocopus) canariensis"],["10943","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major thanneri","le Roi, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-985C8050",null,null,"Gran Canaria.","Eine neue Spechtform von den Kanaren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/97/mode/1up","Dendrocopus maior thanneri"],["10944","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major mauritanus","(Brehm, 1855)","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2920560C",null,null,"Spain and northwestern Africa = lowlands of Morocco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/105/mode/1up","Picus mauritanus, auct."],["10945","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major numidus","(Malherbe, 1843)","Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Metz 24 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Algeria and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-436F1E58",null,null,"Province of Bone, Algeria.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Pic, de l'Algérie, Picus (Linn.); Apternus (Swains.); Le Pic numide; Picus numidus (Mihi)'.","https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33223h/f245.item.r=Numidus","Picus Numidus"],["10946","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major candidus","(Stresemann, 1919)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.2 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Romania and southern Ukraine to Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DA03B11",null,null,"Stefanesci, near Bucharest, Romania.","Neue subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/22/mode/1up","Dryobates major candidus"],["10947","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major paphlagoniae","(Kummerlöwe & Niethammer, 1935)","Journal für Ornithologie 83, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-439D5792",null,null,"Ilgaz Dagh, Asia Minor [=Turkey]","Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Avifauna Kleinasiens (Paphlagonien-Galatien).","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01908741","Dryobates maior paphlagoniae"],["10948","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major tenuirostris","Buturlin, 1906","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.23 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus and Transcaucasia (southwestern Asia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD77EB8F",null,null,"Kutaisi and Akhaltsikhe, Caucasus.","On the Birds collected in Transcaucasia by Mr. A. M. Kobylin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/500/mode/1up","Dendrocopus major tenuirostris"],["10949","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major poelzami","(Bogdanov, 1879)","Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoipytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitetie 8 no.4 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaucasia and southern Caspian region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D866EA28",null,null,"Lenkoran.",null,null,"Picus poelzami"],["10950","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major japonicus","(Seebohm, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Tsushima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15B34987",null,null,"Hakodate [on Hokkaido], Yokohama [on Honshu], 'South Yezo [= Hakodate], Sakhalin and Kurile Islands = Hokkaido.","Notes on the Birds of Caucasus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/54/mode/1up","Picus japonicus"],["10951","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major wulashanicus","Cheng, Xian, Zhang & Jiang, 1975","Acta Zoologica Sinica 21 no.4 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"Inner Mongolia (northern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-000BF242",null,null,"Wu-la Shan [Inner Mongola, China], Sept. 22, 1971","A new subspecies of Dendrocopos major from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region - Dendrocopos major wulashanicus.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122156593.pdf","Dendrocopus major wulashanicus"],["10952","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major cabanisi","(Malherbe, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4463814F",null,null,"China; restricted to Weihsien, Shantung, by Green way, 1947.","Nouvelles espèces de Picidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/808/mode/1up","Picus Cabanisi"],["10953","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major beicki","(Stresemann, 1927)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C10CEEFB",null,null,"Lan-hu-kou, Kansu.","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0133-0135.pdf#page=2","Dryobates major beicki"],["10954","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major mandarinus","(Malherbe, 1857)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle cahier8 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and eastern Myanmar to northern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B9441CF",null,null,"Whampoa [near Canton], China.","Description de quelques grimpeurs du genre Linnéen Picus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105437#page/29/mode/1up","Picus mandarinus"],["10955","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major stresemanni","(Rensch, 1924)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 16, no.2 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India, northeastern Myanmar to southeastern Tibet and southwestern China (western Sichuan and Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AC1C541",null,null,"Tsalila, on the Yunnan-Sikang border.","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Ost-tibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobachtungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds.",null,"Dryobates major stresemanni"],["10956","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos major hainanus","Hartert & Hesse, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-644902CF",null,null,"Cheteriang, Hainan.","Beschreibung einer neuen Spechtform.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/208/mode/1up","Dendrocopus cabanisi hainanus"],["10957","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos himalayensis","(Jardine & Selby, 1831)","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.8 pl.116, with text","Himalayan Woodpecker","Himalayan Woodpecker","Himalayan Woodpecker",null,null,"montane coniferous forest, and rhododendron and juniper woodland, from northeastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan eastward to western Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681136","himwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himwoo1","avibase-C6F400B4",null,null,"Mussorie, 6500 feet, India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/187/mode/1up","Picus himalayensis"],["10958","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos himalayensis albescens","(Stuart Baker, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan (Safed Koh) and northern Pakistan to Himachal Pradesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64E36CA2",null,null,"Goona [= Guna], Kashmir.","Remarks on Oriental Woodpeckers, with descriptions of new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/108/mode/1up","Dryobates himalayensis albescens"],["10959","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos himalayensis himalayensis","(Jardine & Selby, 1831)","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.8 pl.116, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan (eastern Himachal Pradesh) to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53DB0160",null,null,"Mussorie, 6500 feet, India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/187/mode/1up","Picus himalayensis"],["10960","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos assimilis","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.803","Sind Woodpecker","Sind Woodpecker","Sind Woodpecker",null,null,"arid woodland and desert scrub of southeastern Iran to Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681133","sinwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinwoo1","avibase-36520374",null,null,"Himalayas; type from Rawal Pindi, Punjab, cf. Stresemann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, no. 4, 1921, p. 24.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/167/mode/1up","Picus assimilis"],["10961","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos syriacus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.r p.37","Syrian Woodpecker","Syrian Woodpecker","Syrian Woodpecker",null,null,"southeastern Europe, Transcaucasia, Türkiye and Iran to Israel and Jordan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681127","syrwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/syrwoo1","avibase-3F54E5FD",null,null,"Mt. Lebanon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/47/mode/1up","Picus syriacus"],["10962","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos syriacus syriacus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.r p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe eastward to southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81047324",null,null,"Mt. Lebanon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/47/mode/1up","Picus syriacus"],["10963","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos syriacus transcaucasicus","Buturlin, 1910","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 1, no.3 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaucasia and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCE62D2C",null,null,"Aresh dist. in western part of Elizabetpolsk Gouv.","Dendrocopus syriacus transcaucasicus nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/251/mode/1up","Dendrocopus syriacus transcaucasicus"],["10964","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dendrocopos syriacus milleri","Zarudny, 1909","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC556F26",null,null,"Volcano Kuh-i-Taftan, Iranian Baluchistan.","Mitteilung über eine neue Form des syrischen Spechts (Dendrocopus syriacus milleri subsp. nov.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/99/mode/1up","Dendrocopus syriacus milleri"],["10965","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.977",null,null,null,"2025-0798e","<em>Dryobates sensu lato</em> is treated as three polytypic genera (<em>Dryobates, Leuconotopicus</em>, and <em>Veniliornis</em>) based on genetic evidence (Dufort 2016; Shakya et al. 2017). Multilocus DNA data indicate the presence of three divergent clades and their treatment as genera better accommodates the morphological disparity that would be encompassed within an expanded <em>Dryobates</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus pubescens [Linnaeus]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/537/mode/1up","Dryobates"],["10966","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114","Lesser Spotted Woodpecker","Lesser Spotted Woodpecker","Lesser Spotted Woodpecker",null,null,"lowland and foothill deciduous forest, riparian woodland, parks, and gardens, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Siberia and Kamchatka (Russia), and southward to northeastern Algeria and adjacent Tunisia, southern Europe, Caucasus, northeastern China, North Korea, and northern Japan (Hokkaido); northern populations partly migratory, sometimes irruptive",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681076","leswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leswoo1","avibase-AB2F4BC0",null,null,"Europe, = Sweden ex cit. fr, Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus minor"],["10967","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor comminutus","(Hartert, 1907)","British Birds 1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"England and Wales",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8138DABC",null,null,"Wingrave, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36866#page/36/mode/1up","Dendrocopus minor comminutus"],["10968","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor minor","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Europe (Scandinavia to Ural Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A437763",null,null,"Europe, = Sweden ex cit. fr, Fn. Svec.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/132/mode/1up","Picus minor"],["10969","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor kamtschatkensis","(Malherbe, 1860)","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 1 p.115 pl.26 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Ural Mountains eastward to the Sea of Okhotsk and southward to northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C7BB709",null,null,"Okhotsk.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192136#page/192/mode/1up","Picus Kamtschatkensis"],["10970","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor immaculatus","(Stejneger, 1884)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Anadyr Basin and Kamchatka (eastern Siberia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-362401FD",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/170/mode/1up","Dendrocopos immaculatus"],["10971","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor amurensis","(Buturlin, 1908)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 13 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amur River eastward to northeastern China, northeastern North Korea, Sakhalin, and northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E95A07F7",null,null,"Little Khinghan Mts, the lower Amur and accidentally on Sakhalin = Mariinsk, lower Amur River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37010#page/445/mode/1up","Xylocopus minor amurensis"],["10972","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor hortorum","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"central Europe from France to Poland, Switzerland, Hungary, and northern Romania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C874490",null,null,"Germany; type from Renthendorf .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/224/mode/1up","Picus hortorum"],["10973","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor buturlini","Hartert, 1912","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.921",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Europe from Iberia, southern France, and Italy to Romania, Bulgaria, and northern Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BBFEC6F",null,null,"Colle di Valdenza, Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/125/mode/1up","Dryobates minor buturlini"],["10974","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor danfordi","(Hargitt, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye except northeastern",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21C26C26",null,null,"Zebil and Gozna, Taurus.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. III. Descriptions of two new Species of Woodpeckers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/216/mode/1up","Picus danfordi"],["10975","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor colchicus","(Buturlin, 1908)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 13 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Black Sea coast of Türkiye, Caucasus, and Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8FEF9FB",null,null,"Black Sea and Caspian Sea basins in northern Caucasus and Transcaucasia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37010#page/451/mode/1up","Xylocopus minor colchicus"],["10976","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor quadrifasciatus","(Radde, 1884)","Ornis Caucasica. Die Vogelwelt des Kaukasus systematisch und biologisch-geographisch beschrieben p.315 pl.19 fig.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Azerbaijan and northern Iran south of Caspian Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8195D553",null,null,"Talysch Forests.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124781#page/343/mode/1up","Picus minor var quadrifasciatus"],["10977","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor hyrcanus","(Zarudny & Bilkevich, 1913)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 4, no.1 p.108,114",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70D30332",null,null,"Astrabad, Iran.","[Zur ornithologischen Fauna des transkaspischen Gebietes und der benachbarten Teile Persiens].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104105#page/439/mode/1up","Xylocopus minor hyrcanus"],["10978","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor morgani","(Zarudny & Loudon, 1904)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CFAEB35",null,null,"Valley of the Schalil River, Bachtiara, Iran.","Einige neue Subspecies aus Persien und dem transkaspischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/259/mode/1up","Dendrocopus minor morgani"],["10979","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates minor ledouci","(Malherbe, 1855)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle cahier7 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa (northeastern Algeria and northwestern Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B62DBB78",null,null,"Algeria.","Faune ornithologique de l'Algérie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105436#page/37/mode/1up","Picus Ledouci"],["10980","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates cathpharius","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1006","Crimson-naped Woodpecker","Crimson-naped Woodpecker","Scarlet-breasted Woodpecker","2025-0803","Taxon <em>pernyii </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dryobates cathpharius</em> based on plumage differences, as well as apparent vocal differences and parapatry, but formal bioacoustic and genomic analyses are needed.","montane evergreen and deciduous forest in the central and eastern Himalayas from northwestern Nepal eastward through eastern Arunachal Pradesh and southeastern Tibet, thence southward in Indian hills south of the Brahmaputra River to the southern Chin Hills range in western Myanmar (Mt. Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61553308","crbwoo6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbwoo6","avibase-5B8F3EA2",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/522/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrocopus) cathpharius"],["10981","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates cathpharius cathpharius","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1006",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Nepal to northern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9480C0CC",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/522/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrocopus) cathpharius"],["10982","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates cathpharius ludlowi","(Vaurie, 1959)","American Museum Novitates no.1946 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E8A824D",null,null,"Tsera, Pome, southeastern Tibet [=Southwestern Sikang or Xikang]","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 35, Picidae, the genus Dendrocopos. (Part 1).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3644/","Dendrocopos cathpharius ludlowi"],["10983","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates cathpharius pyrrhothorax","(Hume, 1881)","Stray Feathers 10 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"hills south of Brahmaputra River and adjacent northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5410CC7B",null,null,"Aimole, Eastern Manipur Hills.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95258#page/168/mode/1up","Picus pyrrhothorax"],["10984","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pernyii","(Verreaux, 1867)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.271, pl.16","Necklaced Woodpecker","Necklaced Woodpecker","Crimson-breasted Woodpecker","2025-0803","Taxon <em>pernyii </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dryobates cathpharius</em> based on plumage differences, as well as apparent vocal differences and parapatry, but formal bioacoustic and genomic analyses are needed.","montane evergreen forest from central China, in the Sichuan basin eastward to Shaanxi and Hubei, and southward to eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61553315","crbwoo7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbwoo7","avibase-E5515964",null,null,"North China := Szechwan by designation of Bangs and Peters, 1928.","Description d'un Pic nouveau.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/277/mode/1up","Picus Pernyii"],["10985","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pernyii tenebrosus","Rothschild, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.3 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar to Thailand, Laos, northern Vietnam, and Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D314FC5",null,null,"Shweli-Salween divide, 7000 feet, western Yunnan.","On the avifauna of Yunnan, with critical notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/292/mode/1up","Dryobates cathpharius tenebrosus"],["10986","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pernyii pernyii","(Verreaux, 1867)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.271, pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (northwestern Yunnan, Sichuan, and Xinjiang north to Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47EF27EC",null,null,"North China := Szechwan by designation of Bangs and Peters, 1928.","Description d'un Pic nouveau.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/277/mode/1up","Picus Pernyii"],["10987","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pernyii innixus","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.7 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central China (central Hubei)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AE0C1F4",null,null,"Chang Yang Hsien, Hupeh.","Birds collected by Dr. Joseph F. Rock in western Kansu and eastern Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/374/mode/1up","Dryobates pernyii innixus"],["10988","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.175","Downy Woodpecker","Downy Woodpecker","Downy Woodpecker",null,null,"mostly deciduous woodland in North America from western Alaska southward across Canada and the US southward to northern Baja California Norte, in Mexico, southern Texas and southern Florida, and eastward across Canada to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681155","dowwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dowwoo","avibase-1B2A6386",null,null,"North America, = South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/179/mode/1up","Picus pubescens"],["10989","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens glacialis","Grinnell, 1910","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.390 fig.7",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Alaska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E139F1E",null,null,"Valdez Narrows, Prince William Sound, Alaska.","Birds of the 1908 Alexander Alaska expedition with a note on the avifaunal relationships of the Prince William Sound district.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/494/mode/1up","Dryobates pubescens glacialis"],["10990","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens medianus","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska to Newfoundland and central USA (east of Rocky Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BFED455",null,null,"New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/444/mode/1up","Picus (Dendrocopus) medianus"],["10991","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens fumidus","Maynard, 1889","The Ornithologist and Oölogist 14, no.4 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada and western Washington (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CE47C7A",null,null,"southern portion of Vancouver Island [British Columbia, Canada]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/247425#page/90/mode/1up","Dryobates pubescens fumidus"],["10992","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii","(Audubon, 1839)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 5 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"western Oregon to northwestern California (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A485955",null,null,"No locality, = near Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103786#page/361/mode/1up","Picus Gairdnerii"],["10993","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens turati","(Malherbe, 1860)","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 1 p.125; 3 pl.26 fig.5,6,7",null,null,null,null,null,"interior Washington, Oregon, and California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4625B7D5",null,null,"Near Monterey, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192136#page/202/mode/1up","Picus Turati"],["10994","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens leucurus","(Hartlaub, 1852)","Naumannia 2, heft 2 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains (southeastern Alaska to southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B67AD3",null,null,"Rocky Mountains.","Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Vögel Amerika's. Aus brieflichen Mittheilungen des Herzogs Paul Wilhelm von Württemberg mitgetheilt und mit Anmerkungen versehen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19761#page/177/mode/1up","Picus leucurus"],["10995","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates pubescens pubescens","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Kansas to North Carolina, southward to eastern Texas and Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A593BE74",null,null,"North America, = South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/179/mode/1up","Picus pubescens"],["10996","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates nuttallii","(Gambel, 1843)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1, no.25 p.259","Nuttall's Woodpecker","Nuttall's Woodpecker","Nuttall's Woodpecker",null,null,"chaparral and oak woodland of northern California to northwestern Baja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681149","nutwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nutwoo","avibase-FA087E52",null,null,"'Near the Pueblo de los Angelos,' = Los Angeles County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17886#page/273/mode/1up","Picus Nuttalii"],["10997","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.511","Ladder-backed Woodpecker","Ladder-backed Woodpecker","Ladder-backed Woodpecker",null,null,"desert, pine forest, and riparian areas from lowlands to mountains of southeastern California east through central Colorado (southwestern USA) southward through Mexico including Baja California and Yucatan Peninsula (including Cozumel) through Belize, thence more local through eastern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681152","labwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labwoo","avibase-2CE418F2",null,null,"Mexico, restricted to central Veracruz by Oberholser, antea 1911, p. 142.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/262/mode/1up","Picus scalaris"],["10998","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris cactophilus","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 41. no.1847 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to northeastern Baja California and central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE2A7881",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.","A revision of the forms of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Dryobates scalaris [Wagler]).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94484#page/194/mode/1up","Dryobates scalaris cactophilus"],["10999","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris eremicus","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 41. no.1847 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BA0A11D",null,null,"San Fernando, Baja California.","A revision of the forms of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Dryobates scalaris [Wagler]).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94484#page/193/mode/1up","Dryobates scalaris eremicus"],["11000","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris lucasanus","(Xántus, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25087A40",null,null,"Cape San Lucas, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/318/mode/1up","Picus lucasanus"],["11001","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris soulei","(Banks, 1963)","Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 37 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerralvo Island, southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80635413",null,null,"Ruffo's Ranch, Cerralvo Island, Baja California, Mexico, November 1, 1961; collected by Richard C. Banks","New birds from Cerralvo Island, Baja California, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22389#page/3/mode/1up","Dendrocopus scalaris soulei"],["11002","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris graysoni","(Baird, 1874)","A history of North American birds. Land birds 2 p.517, 501 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-599CEA69",null,null,"Western Mexico up to western Arizona; type from the Tres Marías Islands, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31752#page/527/mode/1up","Picus (Dyctiopicus) scalaris var. graysoni"],["11003","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris sinaloensis","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (southern Sonora to Guerrero, southwestern Puebla, and western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9443CC91",null,null,"Near Mazatlán, Sinaloa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/307/mode/1up","Dryobates scalaris sinaloensis"],["11004","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris scalaris","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.511",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3E6BF2F",null,null,"Mexico, restricted to central Veracruz by Oberholser, antea 1911, p. 142.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/262/mode/1up","Picus scalaris"],["11005","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris parvus","(Cabot, 1844)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Yucatan Peninsula, including Isla Holbox and Cozumel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E99FAA2C",null,null,"Ticul, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37030#page/180/mode/1up","Picus parvus"],["11006","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Dryobates scalaris leucoptilurus","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 41. no.1847 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"Belize, Guatemala, and El Salvador to northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC70048F",null,null,"Pine Ridge, near Manatee Lagoon, British Honduras.","A revision of the forms of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Dryobates scalaris [Wagler]).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94484#page/188/mode/1up","Dryobates scalaris leucoptilurus"],["11007","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus","Malherbe, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.373",null,null,null,"2025-0798e","<em>Dryobates sensu lato</em> is treated as three polytypic genera (<em>Dryobates, Leuconotopicus</em>, and <em>Veniliornis</em>) based on genetic evidence (Dufort 2016; Shakya et al. 2017). Multilocus DNA data indicate the presence of three divergent clades and their treatment as genera better accommodates the morphological disparity that would be encompassed within an expanded <em>Dryobates</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus (Leuconotopicus) Stricklandi [Malherbe, 1845]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/383/mode/1up","Leuconotopicus"],["11008","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus borealis","(Vieillot, 1809)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.66 pl.122","Red-cockaded Woodpecker","Red-cockaded Woodpecker","Red-cockaded Woodpecker",null,null,"patchily distributed in pine forest of southeastern USA",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681158","recwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recwoo","avibase-0BFCAE79",null,null,"'Northern United States' rr Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, by designation of Wetmore, injra, p. 498.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/214/mode/1up","Picus borealis"],["11009","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.175","Hairy Woodpecker","Hairy Woodpecker","Hairy Woodpecker",null,null,"mostly forest from central Alaska southward across North America to southern California and northern Baja California del Norte, in Mexico, to southern Arizona and New Mexico, and southward along the Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental of Mexico southeastward across montane regions of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to westernmost Panama; in North America eastward to Newfoundland and southward along the Atlantic Coast to southern Florida and the Bahamas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681166","haiwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/haiwoo","avibase-9D06AF89",null,null,"North America = Raccoon, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/179/mode/1up","Picus villosus"],["11010","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus septentrionalis","(Nuttall, 1840)","A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, 2nd ed. ed.2, 1 p.684",null,null,null,null,null,"western North America (Alaska to northern New Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-760A0B86",null,null,"Northern parts of the continent as far as the 63°N parallel as well as in the Oregon Territory, = Saskatchewan River, Canada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104213#page/700/mode/1up","Picus septentrionalis"],["11011","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus picoideus","(Osgood, 1901)","North American Fauna no.21 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Haida Gwaii (British Columbia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B095898F",null,null,"Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83340#page/434/mode/1up","Dryobates picoideus"],["11012","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus harrisi","(Audubon, 1838)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.84 pl.417, fig.8,9",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alaska to northern California (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C81D04A",null,null,"Columbia River ex Orn. Biogr., 5, 1839, p. 191, = near Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/428/","Picus Harrisi"],["11013","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus terraenovae","(Batchelder, 1908)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Newfoundland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15AC547C",null,null,"Placentia, Newfoundland.","The Newfoundland Hairy Woodpecker.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/51/mode/1up","Dryobates villosus terraenovae"],["11014","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus villosus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern North Dakota to southern Quebec, Nova Scotia, central Texas, Missouri, and Virginia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BF53176",null,null,"North America = Raccoon, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/179/mode/1up","Picus villosus"],["11015","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus orius","(Oberholser, 1911)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 40, no.1840 p.597,609",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central British Columbia (Canada) to southeastern California and southwestern Utah (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAEA8930",null,null,"Quincy, California.","A revision of the forms of the Hairy Woodpecker (Dryobates villosus [Linnaeus]).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53820#page/755/mode/1up","Dryobates villosus orius"],["11016","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus monticola","(Anthony, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"central British Colombia (Canada) to northern New Mexico (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FDF5277",null,null,"same as Dryobates villosus montanus Anthony","A New Name for Dryobates v. Montanus","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss1/29/","Dryobates villosus monticola"],["11017","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus leucothorectis","(Oberholser, 1911)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 40, no.1840 p.597",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern California to western Texas (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C44CE560",null,null,"Burley, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53820#page/755/mode/1up","Dryobates villosus leucothorectis"],["11018","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus audubonii","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Illinois to southeastern Virginia, eastern Texas, and Gulf Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C3312A2",null,null,"Georgia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/442/mode/1up","Picus Audubonii"],["11019","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus hyloscopus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.69,note",null,null,null,null,null,"western California to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E8ACF6D",null,null,"San Jose, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/73/mode/1up","Dryobates hyloscopus"],["11020","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus icastus","(Oberholser, 1911)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 40, no.1840 p.597,612",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona and New Mexico through western Mexico to Jalisco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4B296AB",null,null,"El Salto, Durango, Mexico.","A revision of the forms of the Hairy Woodpecker (Dryobates villosus [Linnaeus]).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53820#page/755/mode/1up","Dryobates villosus icastus"],["11021","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus intermedius","(Nelson, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB8B462",null,null,"Villar, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.","Descriptions of Thirty New North American Birds, in the Biological Survey Collection","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Dryobates villosus intermedius"],["11022","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus jardinii","(Malherbe, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86DE6AB5",null,null,"Mexico central Veracruz.","Description de trois espèces nouvelles du genre Picus, Linné.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/384/mode/1up","Picus (Leuconotopicus) Jardinii"],["11023","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus sanctorum","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF584A46",null,null,"Todos Santos, Guatemala.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Dryobates sanctorum"],["11024","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus extimus","(Bangs, 1902)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EF2A1DF",null,null,"Boquete, 6000 feet, Volcán de Chiriquí,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/41/mode/1up","Dendrocopus villosus extimus"],["11025","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus piger","(Allen, 1905)","The Auk 22, no.2 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bahamas (Abaco, Mores, and Grand Bahama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F33C5271",null,null,"Grand Bahama, Bahama Islands.","Summer birds in the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol22/iss2/1/","Dryobates villosus piger"],["11026","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus villosus maynardi","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bahamas (Andros and New Providence)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B91D914F",null,null,"Bahamas",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/304/mode/1up","Dryobates villosus maynardi"],["11027","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus stricklandi","(Malherbe, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.373","Strickland's Woodpecker","Strickland's Woodpecker","Strickland's Woodpecker",null,null,"coniferous forest of eastern Mexico (Michoacán to west-central Veracruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681161","strwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwoo","avibase-97F0A2DF",null,null,"Mexico, restricted to the Mt. Orizaba massif by Moore, 1946.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/383/mode/1up","Picus (Leuconotopicus) Stricklandi"],["11028","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus arizonae","(Hargitt, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.115","Arizona Woodpecker","Arizona Woodpecker","Arizona Woodpecker",null,null,"montane oak and pine forest from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico on Pacific slope of western Mexico to Michoacán",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729044","ariwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ariwoo","avibase-0DA5CC35",null,null,"Santa Rita Mts., Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/155/mode/1up","Picus arizonae"],["11029","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus arizonae arizonae","(Hargitt, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona to northwestern Mexico (northern Sinaloa and adjacent Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C79388D8",null,null,"Santa Rita Mts., Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/155/mode/1up","Picus arizonae"],["11030","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus arizonae fraterculus","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sinaloa and adjacent Durango to Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84591A75",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Colima.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/308/mode/1up","Dryobates arizonae fraterculus"],["11031","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus albolarvatus","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.106","White-headed Woodpecker","White-headed Woodpecker","White-headed Woodpecker",null,null,"montane coniferous forest, especially ponderosa pine, of south-central British Columbia (southwestern Canada) and north-central Washington and western Idaho southward through far south San Diego County (southern California)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681169","whhwoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhwoo","avibase-6C74415D",null,null,"Oregon Canyon, Eldorado Co., California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/126/mode/1up","Leuconerpes albolarvatus"],["11032","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus albolarvatus albolarvatus","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"montane coniferous forest of southern British Columbia to southwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18C60D6B",null,null,"Oregon Canyon, Eldorado Co., California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/126/mode/1up","Leuconerpes albolarvatus"],["11033","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus albolarvatus gravirostris","(Grinnell, 1902)","The Condor 4, no.4 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern California (mountains of Los Angeles and San Diego region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F771A48",null,null,"Sierra San Gabriel, Los Angeles Co., California.","The Southern White-headed Woodpecker.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol4/iss4/10/","Xenopicus gravirostris"],["11034","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus fumigatus","(d'Orbigny, 1841)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.65 fig.1","Smoky-brown Woodpecker","Smoky-brown Woodpecker","Smoky-brown Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest in the Gulf of Mexico slope from Tamaulipas, Mexico, southeastward across Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula and Belize to western Panama, and in the Pacific slope from Nayarit, Mexico, southeastward to eastern El Salvador and again in Costa Rica to western Panama; in South America in montane cloudforest in Cerro Tacarcuna, Cerro Pirre, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andean slopes from western Venezuela southward across Colombia and Ecuador to central Peru in Lima and Huancavelica; also in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to Monagas; and in Andean slopes from far southeastern Peru southeastward to the Yungas of southern Bolivia and northern Argentina southward to Salta",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681193","smbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbwoo1","avibase-5481FBB2",null,null,"Province of Corrientes, Argentina in lat. 28° S., and Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Province of Chiquitos in Bolivia Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/183/mode/1up","Picus fumigatus"],["11035","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus fumigatus oleagineus","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.356, pl.DCLXXXV fig.4467-4468",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands and foothills of eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7174C3A2",null,null,"Papantla, Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/396/mode/1up","Ch[loronerpes] oleagineus"],["11036","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus fumigatus sanguinolentus","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.60 pl.151",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0458A3E",null,null,"Omoa, Honduras.","List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Joseph Leyland in Honduras, Belize, and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/94/mode/1up","Chloronerpes sanguinolentus"],["11037","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus fumigatus reichenbachi","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E95D780D",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/145/mode/1up","Phaeonerpes Reichenbachi"],["11038","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus fumigatus fumigatus","(d'Orbigny, 1841)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.65 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCD9E37E",null,null,"Province of Corrientes, Argentina in lat. 28° S., and Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Province of Chiquitos in Bolivia Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/183/mode/1up","Picus fumigatus"],["11039","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Leuconotopicus fumigatus obscuratus","(Chapman, 1927)","American Museum Novitates no.250 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador to northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-512464BE",null,null,"Chugur, 9000 feet, 40 miles northwest of Cajamarca, Peru.","Description of new birds from northwestern Peru and western Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4109/","Veniliornis oleaginus obscuratus"],["11040","genus","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.8 p.125",null,null,null,"2025-0798e","<em>Dryobates sensu lato</em> is treated as three polytypic genera (<em>Dryobates, Leuconotopicus</em>, and <em>Veniliornis</em>) based on genetic evidence (Dufort 2016; Shakya et al. 2017). Multilocus DNA data indicate the presence of three divergent clades and their treatment as genera better accommodates the morphological disparity that would be encompassed within an expanded <em>Dryobates</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Picus sanguineus [A.A.H. Lichtenstein, 1793]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 92).",null,"Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=TfFhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false","Veniliornis"],["11041","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis maculifrons","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.62, pl.56, f.1","Yellow-eared Woodpecker","Yellow-eared Woodpecker","Yellow-eared Woodpecker",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681225","yeewoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeewoo1","avibase-EA9E9A2D",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/82/mode/1up","Picus maculifrons"],["11042","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis chocoensis","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.116","Choco Woodpecker","Choco Woodpecker","Choco Woodpecker",null,null,"humid forest of northwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681215","chowoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chowoo1","avibase-BFB999B1",null,null,"Malagita, Chocó, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/142/mode/1up","Veniliornis chocoensis"],["11043","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis affinis","(Swainson, 1821)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.15 pl.78,text","Red-stained Woodpecker","Red-stained Woodpecker","Red-stained Woodpecker",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands and hills of western and southern Amazonia, and disjunctly in Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681222","reswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reswoo1","avibase-E6263EA8",null,null,"'Provinces of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro' = Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/81/mode/1up","Picus affinis"],["11044","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis affinis orenocensis","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northern Brazil (north of the Amazon River and eastward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C29A1982",null,null,"Nericagua and Munduapo, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/113/mode/1up","Veniliornis orenocensis"],["11045","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis affinis hilaris","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador through eastern Peru and western Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira), and southward to northern Bolivia and western Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21DA86ED",null,null,"Peru, restricted to the Chanchamayo Valley by Zimmer, antea, p. 10.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/158/mode/1up","Campias hilaris"],["11046","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis affinis ruficeps","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.63, pl.56, f.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastward from Rio Madeira and southward to Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40298114",null,null,"Amazon forests = Pará, by designation of Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 412.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/83/mode/1up","Picus ruficeps"],["11047","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis affinis affinis","(Swainson, 1821)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.2, no.15 pl.78,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pernambuco southward to Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D419EC07",null,null,"'Provinces of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro' = Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92675#page/81/mode/1up","Picus affinis"],["11048","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis spilogaster","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.33,  sp.59","White-spotted Woodpecker","White-spotted Woodpecker","White-spotted Woodpecker",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to southeastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681205","whswoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whswoo2","avibase-68000D95",null,null,"Brazil and Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/75/mode/1up","Picus Spilogaster"],["11049","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis lignarius","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.236,343","Striped Woodpecker","Striped Woodpecker","Striped Woodpecker",null,null,"arid highlands of Bolivia to southern Chile and southern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681139","strwoo6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwoo6","avibase-D205DDEE",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=237&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Picus Lignarius"],["11050","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis mixtus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.47","Checkered Woodpecker","Checkered Woodpecker","Checkered Woodpecker",null,null,"open woodland and Cerrado from northeastern Brazil in Maranhão and Piauí southward across interior Brazil to central São Paulo and southern Minas Gerais, and southwestward to western Paraguay, eastern Bolivia and southward to western Uruguay to south-central Argentina to eastern Río Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681144","chewoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chewoo3","avibase-88632649",null,null,"'Encenada,' = Buenos Aires, fide Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1915, p. 212.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/69/mode/1up","Picus mixtus"],["11051","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis mixtus cancellatus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 5 col.510",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Bolivia to eastern Brazil, northeastern Paraguay, and western Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D27DF4A8",null,null,"Mexico = São Paulo, Brazil.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/261/mode/1up","Picus cancellatus"],["11052","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis mixtus mixtus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Argentina (Río Paraná drainage and Buenos Aires Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82808D01",null,null,"'Encenada,' = Buenos Aires, fide Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1915, p. 212.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/69/mode/1up","Picus mixtus"],["11053","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis mixtus malleator","(Wetmore, 1922)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 12 , no.14 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D7CF71C",null,null,"Las Palmas, Chaco, Argentina.","New forms of Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27999#page/332/mode/1up","Dyctiopicus mixtus malleator"],["11054","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis mixtus berlepschi","(Hellmayr, 1915)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"central Argentina (Córdoba southward to Neuquén and Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF830892",null,null,"Mangrullo, Neuquen, Argentina.","Neue Formen aus dem neotropischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/268/mode/1up","Dryobates mixtus berlepschi"],["11055","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis cassini","(Malherbe, 1862)","Monographie des picidées (etc.) 2 p.55 3 pl.58 fig.2,3,4","Golden-collared Woodpecker","Golden-collared Woodpecker","Golden-collared Woodpecker",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil (north of Amazon)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681219","gocwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocwoo2","avibase-C17751ED",null,null,"Brazil or Colombia; Cayenne substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 93.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124405#page/63/mode/1up","Mesopicus cassini"],["11056","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis kirkii","(Malherbe, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.400","Red-rumped Woodpecker","Red-rumped Woodpecker","Red-rumped Woodpecker",null,null,"forest to open wooded habitats of lowlands and hills from southwestern Costa Rica southward through Central America, eastward through Trinidad and Tobago and disjunctly in tepuis of southeastern Venezuela; in west through Andes southward to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681212","rerwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rerwoo1","avibase-CB586CF6",null,null,"Tobago.","Description de sept espèces nouvelles du genre Picus, Linné.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/410/mode/1up","Picus (Chloropicus) Kirkii"],["11057","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis kirkii neglectus","Bangs, 1901","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (including Coiba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-361F0586",null,null,"Divala, Panama.","Description of a new woodpecker from Chiriqui.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/145/mode/1up","Veniliornis neglectus"],["11058","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis kirkii cecilii","(Malherbe, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.538",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia, western Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E627CE4",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Picinées (Picus, Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/574/mode/1up","Mesopicos Cecilii"],["11059","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis kirkii continentalis","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.1 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (foothills of eastern Andes), and northern and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACA35365",null,null,"Caripe, near Cumana, Monagas, Venezuela.","On the birds of the island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/53/mode/1up","Veniliornis kirkii continentalis"],["11060","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis kirkii monticola","Hellmayr, 1918","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft3 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Mount Roraima and Cerro Uei-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87590BC0",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 5000 feet.","Miscellanea Ornithologica III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/325/mode/1up","Veniliornis kirkii monticola"],["11061","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis kirkii kirkii","(Malherbe, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,"Paría Peninsula of northeastern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D73139D3",null,null,"Tobago.","Description de sept espèces nouvelles du genre Picus, Linné.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/410/mode/1up","Picus (Chloropicus) Kirkii"],["11062","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis nigriceps","(d'Orbigny, 1841)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.65, fig.2","Bar-bellied Woodpecker","Bar-bellied Woodpecker","Bar-bellied Woodpecker",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the central Andes of Colombia, and locally in north eastern Andes of Colombia, in Norte de Santander, southward along the Andes of Ecuador to the eastern Andes of Peru, and southeastward to central Bolivia eastward to far western Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681190","babwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babwoo2","avibase-FED6FBFC",null,null,"Palca Grande, Ayupaya, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/183/mode/1up","Picus nigriceps"],["11063","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis nigriceps equifasciatus","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-370362B8",null,null,"Santa Isabel, 12000 feet, Quindio Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Veniliornis nigriceps equifasciatus"],["11064","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis nigriceps pectoralis","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26AF728A",null,null,"Maraynioc, 13000 feet, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/71/mode/1up","Dendrobates malherbei pectoralis"],["11065","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis nigriceps nigriceps","(d'Orbigny, 1841)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 51, Oiseaux pl.65, fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (Cochabamba and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2640A91",null,null,"Palca Grande, Ayupaya, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/183/mode/1up","Picus nigriceps"],["11066","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis callonotus","(Waterhouse, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.182","Scarlet-backed Woodpecker","Scarlet-backed Woodpecker","Scarlet-backed Woodpecker",null,null,"semi-humid to dry forest in the dry Río Patía Valley of Colombia (Cauca), Pacific lowlands from northwestern Ecuador southward to northwestern Peru (La Libertad), interior Peru in the upper Marañón Valley (northeastern Cajamarca and northwestern Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681184","scbwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbwoo3","avibase-3AA3F6E4",null,null,"Northwest coast of South America Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Description of two new Species of Birds from the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/908/mode/1up","Picus callonotus"],["11067","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis callonotus callonotus","(Waterhouse, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador (south to Guayas, El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8BBA793",null,null,"Northwest coast of South America Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Description of two new Species of Birds from the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/908/mode/1up","Picus callonotus"],["11068","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis callonotus major","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D404B34E",null,null,"Tumbez, Guadalupa and Morropere, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/703/mode/1up","Chloronerpes callonotus major"],["11069","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis dignus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.20 pl.1","Yellow-vented Woodpecker","Yellow-vented Woodpecker","Yellow-vented Woodpecker",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from far southwestern Venezuela southward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to eastern Andes of Ecuador; in northwestern Ecuador southward to Cotopaxi; also in the eastern Andes of Peru from Amazonas southward to Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681187","yevwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yevwoo1","avibase-34E5F17C",null,null,"Antioquia, Colombia; type from Remedios.","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/24/mode/1up","Chloronerpes dignus"],["11070","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis dignus dignus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.20 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of far southwestern Venezuela to northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-461C4EAE",null,null,"Antioquia, Colombia; type from Remedios.","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/24/mode/1up","Chloronerpes dignus"],["11071","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis dignus baezae","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38035447",null,null,"Baeza, 5000 feet, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Veniliornis dignus baezae"],["11072","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis dignus valdizani","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EE0A4D6",null,null,"Huacras, 7000 feet, Vitoc, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/433/mode/1up","Dendrobates valdizani"],["11073","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis sanguineus","(Lichtenstein, 1793)","Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum (etc.). Sectio prima p.17 no.184","Blood-colored Woodpecker","Blood-colored Woodpecker","Blood-colored Woodpecker",null,null,"humid coastal lowlands of the Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681208","blcwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwoo3","avibase-5BC09062",null,null,"America = Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48345#page/41/mode/1up","Picus sanguineus"],["11074","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis frontalis","(Cabanis, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.110","Dot-fronted Woodpecker","Dot-fronted Woodpecker","Dot-fronted Woodpecker",null,null,"humid Andean slopes of southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681202","dofwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dofwoo1","avibase-3CB11881",null,null,"Tucumán.","[Über eine Anzahl neuer Arten, welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz in Agentinien speciell im Gebiete von Tucuman, gesammelt worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/122/mode/1up","Cloronerpes (Campias) frontalis"],["11075","species","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.174","Little Woodpecker","Little Woodpecker","Little Woodpecker",null,null,"edges, clearings, and drier woodland of lowlands and hills of northern and central South America, from eastern Ecuador through southern Venezuela to northeastern Brazil, in south east of Andes through Bolivia, east through north-central Argentina (south to Santa Fe)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22681199","litwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litwoo2","avibase-898101E6",null,null,"Dominica, error := Cayenne, by designation of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 93.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/178/mode/1up","Picus passerinus"],["11076","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus fidelis","(Hargitt, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B22789A8",null,null,"Bogotá.","Notes on Woodpeckers. No. XV. On three new American Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/89/mode/1up","Dendrobates fidelis"],["11077","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus modestus","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1159 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-536C6AD9",null,null,"Caicara, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 40, Notes on the genus Veniliornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4680/","Veniliornis passerinus modestus"],["11078","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus diversus","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1159 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil north of the Amazon River (Roraima and northeastern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-242DCBAF",null,null,"Frechal, Rio Surumu, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 40, Notes on the genus Veniliornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4680/","Veniliornis passerinus diversus"],["11079","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus agilis","(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 4, heft 2 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to northern Bolivia and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8290664F",null,null,"Río Napo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195847#page/151/mode/1up","Campias agilis"],["11080","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus insignis","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1159 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Brazil (south bank of the Amazon River to east bank of Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52E14D80",null,null,"Igarapé Auara, right bank of the lower Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 40, Notes on the genus Veniliornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4680/","Veniliornis passerinus insignis"],["11081","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus tapajozensis","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33A no.12 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil on both sides of lower Amazon River where joined by Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1431BD18",null,null,"Santarem, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Preliminary descriptions of some new Birds from the Brazilian Amazonas.",null,"Veniliornis passerinus tapajozensis"],["11082","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus passerinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (Amapá and eastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81D16E22",null,null,"Dominica, error := Cayenne, by designation of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 93.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/178/mode/1up","Picus passerinus"],["11083","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus taenionotus","(Reichenbach, 1854)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.12 (Scansoriae C) p.354, pl.DCLXXV fig.4164-4165",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52D49B3D",null,null,"Interior of Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/394/mode/1up","Chloronerpes taenionotus"],["11084","subspecies","Piciformes","Picidae","Woodpeckers","Veniliornis passerinus olivinus","(Natterer & Malherbe, 1845)","Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 2 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to Paraguay, Bolivia, and north-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2677423F",null,null,"Brazil; type from Cuyabá, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54944#page/81/mode/1up","Picus olivinus"],["11085","order","Cariamiformes",null,null,"Cariamiformes",null,null,"Seriemas",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11086","family","Cariamiformes","Cariamidae","Seriemas","Cariamidae",null,null,"Seriemas","Seriemas","Seriemas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cariam1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cariam1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11087","genus","Cariamiformes","Cariamidae","Seriemas","Cariama","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.48;5, p.516",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Palamedea cristata [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Palamedea cristata Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/91/mode/1up","Cariama"],["11088","species","Cariamiformes","Cariamidae","Seriemas","Cariama cristata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.232","Red-legged Seriema","Red-legged Seriema","Red-legged Seriema",null,null,"central and eastern Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692205","relser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relser1","avibase-5817C5F7",null,null,"Northeastern Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/236/mode/1up","Palamedea cristata"],["11089","genus","Cariamiformes","Cariamidae","Seriemas","Chunga","Hartlaub, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dicholophus burmeisteri [Hartlaub, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/421/mode/1up","Chunga"],["11090","species","Cariamiformes","Cariamidae","Seriemas","Chunga burmeisteri","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.335","Black-legged Seriema","Black-legged Seriema","Black-legged Seriema",null,null,"Chaco of Paraguay and adjacent Bolivia to central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692208","bllser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bllser1","avibase-AC53C0E2",null,null,"Provinces of Tucumán and Catamarca, Argentina.","On a New Form of Grallatorial Bird nearly allied to the Cariama (Dicholophus cristatus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/421/mode/1up","Dicholophus burmeisteri"],["11091","order","Falconiformes",null,null,"Falconiformes",null,null,"Falcons and Caracaras",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11092","family","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falconidae",null,null,"Falcons and Caracaras","Falcons and Caracaras","Falcons, Caracaras",null,null,null,null,null,null,"falcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/falcon1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11093","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Herpetotheres","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 18 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco cachinnans [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 3).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60150#page/337/mode/1up","Herpetotheres"],["11094","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Herpetotheres cachinnans","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90","Laughing Falcon","Laughing Falcon","Laughing Falcon",null,null,"northern Mexico (from southern Sonora and San Luis Potosí) southward through Central America to northeastern Panama and northern Colombia and, west of the Andes, southward to northwestern Peru (to Lambayeque), and east of the Andes, southward to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696267","laufal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laufal1","avibase-24C90C1A",null,null,"South America; restricted to Surinam by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool. 15, p. 290.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco cachinnans"],["11095","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico (south from southern Sonora and San Luis Potosí) southward through Central America to northeastern Panama and northern Colombia and, east of the Andes, southward to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64B6F297",null,null,"South America; restricted to Surinam by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool. 15, p. 290.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco cachinnans"],["11096","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.638",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Darién) southward to northwestern Peru (south to Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56FCFFFC",null,null,"Alto Bonito, 1500 feet, west slope of western Andes, Antioquia, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens"],["11097","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur","Gray, 1841","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco brachypterus [Temminck, 1822]; type by original designation = Sparvius semitorquatus Vieillot, 1817",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/26/mode/1up","Micrastur"],["11098","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur buckleyi","Swann, 1919","A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) (etc.) pt.1 p.15","Buckley's Forest Falcon","Buckley's Forest-Falcon","Buckley's Forest-falcon",null,null,"humid Amazon forest of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696296","buffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buffal1","avibase-C55F4BB0",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52249#page/37/mode/1up","Micrastur melanoleucus buckleyi"],["11099","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur mirandollei","(Schlegel, 1862)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.1 Astures no.4 p.27","Slaty-backed Forest Falcon","Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon","Slaty-backed Forest-falcon",null,null,"humid Costa Rica to Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696286","sbffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbffal1","avibase-553F3A66",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/161/mode/1up","Astur mirandollei"],["11100","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur semitorquatus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.322","Collared Forest Falcon","Collared Forest-Falcon","Collared Forest-falcon",null,null,"semi-deciduous to humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes of north-central Mexico southeastward through most Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to northern Colombia and western Venezuela; in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru; east of the Andes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from western and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to eastern Peru and central Bolivia and in interior and eastern Brazil southward to Rio Grande do Sul, northern Argentina, most Paraguay and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696291","coffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coffal1","avibase-8217BC4F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/341/mode/1up","Sparvius semi-torquatus"],["11101","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur semitorquatus naso","(Lesson, 1842)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 9 no.46 col.1085",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Mexico to Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D16CAD70",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.","Nouveau genre d'oiseaux de proie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180985#page/390/mode/1up","Carnifex naso"],["11102","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur semitorquatus semitorquatus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of northern South America to Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A731561",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/341/mode/1up","Sparvius semi-torquatus"],["11103","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur gilvicollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.323","Lined Forest Falcon","Lined Forest-Falcon","Lined Forest-falcon",null,null,"the Guianas and southern Venezuela to Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696281","liffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liffal1","avibase-780CB54B",null,null,"no locality. Type from Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/342/mode/1up","Sparvius gilvicollis"],["11104","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur plumbeus","Sclater, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.44","Plumbeous Forest Falcon","Plumbeous Forest-Falcon","Plumbeous Forest-falcon",null,null,"humid forest of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696275","plffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plffal1","avibase-97461F73",null,null,"Río Bogotá, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Description of a new Hawks from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/70/mode/1up","Micrastur plumbeus"],["11105","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur mintoni","Whittaker, 2003","Wilson Bulletin (2002), 114 p.421,422,front.","Cryptic Forest Falcon","Cryptic Forest-Falcon","Cryptic Forest-falcon",null,null,"rainforest of Brazil and northeastern Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733700","cryfof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cryfof1","avibase-6A9FF1B8",null,null,"Estaçao Cientifica Ferreira Penna, Caxiuana, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil (01° 44.176' S, 51° 21.162' W); at approximately 200 m; 2 August 1999 collected by Dionsfo Correa Pimentel","A new species of Forest-Falcon (Falconidae: Micrastur) from southeastern Amazonia and the Atlantic rainforests of Brazil","https://archive.org/details/biostor-201222/page/n1/mode/2up","Micrastur mintoni"],["11106","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur ruficollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.322","Barred Forest Falcon","Barred Forest-Falcon","Barred Forest-falcon",null,null,"humid forest in the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes of southeastern Mexico southeastward through Central America to Panama, and again in the Pacific slope of Costa Rica to eastern Panama; from northwestern Colombia southward to northwesternmost Peru, in interior Colombia southward along the foothills of the central Andes to Risaralda and Huila, foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, Andes of Venezuela, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to Miranda; east of the Andes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern and central Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to southeastern Colombia, southward to central Bolivia and southward along the Yungas to northwestern Argentina; in interior and eastern Brazil from northeastern states southward to Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina, most Paraguay and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696270","baffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baffal1","avibase-846E1C25",null,null,"South America; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Naumburg, 1930, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, p. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/341/mode/1up","Sparvius ruficollis"],["11107","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur ruficollis guerilla","Cassin, 1849","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.5 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of southern Mexico to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB5D0CDE",null,null,"near Jalapa, Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/111/mode/1up","Micrastur guerilla"],["11108","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur ruficollis interstes","Bangs, 1907","The Auk 24, no.3 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A258F277",null,null,"La Estrella de Cartago, Costa Rica.","On a collection of birds from western Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol24/iss3/5/","Micrastur interstes"],["11109","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax","(Cabanis, 1866)","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.78 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andean foothills of Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59BC93ED",null,null,"Puerto Cabelo, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Ueber neue oder weniger bekannte exotische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/420/mode/1up","Climacocercus zonothorax"],["11110","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur ruficollis concentricus","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.1 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50D8C7EB",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/98/mode/1up","Nisus concentricus"],["11111","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AE68D42",null,null,"South America; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Naumburg, 1930, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, p. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/341/mode/1up","Sparvius ruficollis"],["11112","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Micrastur ruficollis olrogi","Amadon, 1964","American Museum Novitates no.2166 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical forest of northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F29BCD2B",null,null,"San Pablo, Tucumán, Argentina.","Taxonomic notes on birds of prey.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3352/","Micrastur ruficollis olrogi"],["11113","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Spiziapteryx","Kaup, 1852","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.221 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Harpagus circumcinctus [Kaup, 1852]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/67/mode/1up","Spiziapteryx"],["11114","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Spiziapteryx circumcincta","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.221 p.43","Spot-winged Falconet","Spot-winged Falconet","Spot-winged Falconet",null,null,"Chaco of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696305","spwfal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwfal2","avibase-0CB76DBD",null,null,"Chili; error, type from Mendoza, Argentina (cf. Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 1, no. 4, p. 288, note 2).","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/67/mode/1up","Harpagus circumcinctus"],["11115","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Caracara","Merrem, 1826","Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgeben von J.S. Ersch und J.G. Gruber sect.1, no.15 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falco plancus [Miller, JF, 1777]; type by subsequent designation (Hellmayr & Conover, 1949, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., vol. 13, pt. 1, no. 4, p. 281).  ",null,"Caracara","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN346936837?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B165%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22toc%22%7D","Caracara"],["11116","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Caracara lutosa","(Ridgway, 1876)","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (2), 1 p.459","Guadalupe Caracara","Guadalupe Caracara","Guadalupe Caracara",null,null,"formerly Guadalupe Island (Mexico); extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728892","guacar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guacar2","avibase-38DF393D",null,null,"Guadalupe Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99293#page/679/mode/1up","Polyborus Lutosus"],["11117","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Caracara plancus","(Miller, 1777)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.3 pl.17","Crested Caracara","Crested Caracara","Crested Caracara","2025-0515","Taxon <em>cheriway </em>is considered conspecific with <em>Caracara plancus</em> based on clinal variation in morphology, the presence of a broad zone of introgression between the two (Dove &amp; Banks 1999), and very low levels of divergence at nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci (Fuchs et al. 2012a).","southern USA (Arizona to Texas; Florida) and Mexico (including the Tres Marías Islands) southward to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729784","y00678","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00678","avibase-CFED276F",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/47/mode/1up","Falco Plancus"],["11118","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Caracara plancus cheriway","(Jacquin, 1784)","Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel p.17 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern USA (Arizona to Texas; Florida) and Mexico (including the Tres Marías Islands) southward to Panama, and northern South America southward to northwestern Peru, northern Colombia eastward to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, intergrading with plancus along the Amazon; also Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABF6C3C4",null,null,"Aruba.",null,null,"Falco cheriway"],["11119","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Caracara plancus plancus","(Miller, 1777)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.3 pl.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile and central Peru eastward to the mouth of the Amazon River, southward to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands; intergrades with nominate cheriway along the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C22C3D3",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/47/mode/1up","Falco Plancus"],["11120","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Ibycter","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.22",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco americanus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Falco americanus Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f28.item","Ibycter"],["11121","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Ibycter americanus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.25","Red-throated Caracara","Red-throated Caracara","Red-throated Caracara",null,null,"far southern Mexico to northern Bolivia and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696229","retcar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retcar2","avibase-104A2994",null,null,"no type locality = Cayenne, ex Buffon.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/47/mode/1up","Falco americanus"],["11122","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.22",null,null,null,"2025-0516","Genetic data indicate that <em>Milvago </em>is not monophyletic (Fuchs et al. 2012a, 2015), with taxon <em>chimango </em>identified as the sister lineage to <em>Phalcoboenus</em>. Pending description of a new genus, <em>chimango </em>could be placed in <em>Phalcoboenus </em>or retained in <em>Milvago</em>. Alternatively, as here, <em>chimango</em>, the four species of <em>Phalcoboenus</em>, and <em>M. chimachima</em>, are folded into a single genus, <em>Daptrius</em>, consistent with evidence for a recent radiation in this group (Fuchs et al. 2015).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Daptrius ater [Vieillot, 1816]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f28.item","Daptrius"],["11123","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius ater","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68","Black Caracara","Black Caracara","Black Caracara",null,null,"the Guianas and southern Venezuela to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696226","blacar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacar1","avibase-9D271B2D",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Daptrius ater"],["11124","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius chimachima","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.259","Yellow-headed Caracara","Yellow-headed Caracara","Yellow-headed Caracara",null,null,"natural and degraded open areas, palm savanna, sandbanks and various grasslands from southwestern Nicaragua southeastward to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in interior Colombia to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena and south along the Pacific lowlands to southwestern Colombia; east of the Andes from northern and central Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas southward across most Amazon basin to northern Bolivia, especially along major rivers, and in interior and eastern Brazil southward to northeastern Argentina and northern Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696261","yehcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yehcar1","avibase-BA33DDD5",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/283/mode/1up","Polyborus chimachima"],["11125","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius chimachima cordatus","(Bangs & Penard, 1918)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of southwestern Costa Rica through South America including Trinidad, to Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E8E1872",null,null,"San Miguel, Pearl Islands.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/53/mode/1up","Milvago chimachima cordata"],["11126","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius chimachima chimachima","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9894DB61",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/283/mode/1up","Polyborus chimachima"],["11127","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius chimango","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.260","Chimango Caracara","Chimango Caracara","Chimango Caracara",null,null,"various grassland and steppe-like habitats, natural and degraded, from southeastern Brazil southward through Uruguay and Paraguay to Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn; west of the Andes from north-central Chile southward to Cape Horn; migrates northward in the austral winter through northern Argentina and Paraguay to eastern Bolivia and interior southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696264","chicar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chicar1","avibase-919D7CD8",null,null,"Rare in Paraguay, common on the Río de la Plata, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/284/mode/1up","Polyborus chimango"],["11128","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius chimango chimango","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of southern Brazil and Paraguay to central Argentina and central Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-837EE747",null,null,"Rare in Paraguay, common on the Río de la Plata, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/284/mode/1up","Polyborus chimango"],["11129","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius chimango temucoensis","(Sclater, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile and southern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA4DAADB",null,null,"Pelal, near Temuco, Cautin, Chile.","Description of a new Hawks from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/69/mode/1up","Milvago chimango temucoensis"],["11130","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius australis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.259","Striated Caracara","Striated Caracara","Striated Caracara",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego, Staten Island, Navarino Island, and Falkland Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696247","strcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strcar1","avibase-7D9FC709",null,null,"Staten Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/271/mode/1up","Falco australis"],["11131","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius carunculatus","(des Murs, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.154","Carunculated Caracara","Carunculated Caracara","Carunculated Caracara",null,null,"páramo of southwestern Colombia and Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696238","carcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carcar1","avibase-4E716ECB",null,null,"Colombia.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Phalcobène, PhalcobSnus carunculatus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/168/mode/1up","Phalcoboenus carunculatus"],["11132","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius megalopterus","(Meyen, 1834)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.64 pl.7","Mountain Caracara","Mountain Caracara","Mountain Caracara",null,null,"páramo of northern Peru to northwestern Argentina and central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696241","moucar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moucar1","avibase-736B022C",null,null,"Highest regions of the Cordillera of Chile.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62-IA4#v=onepage&q=Aquila%20megaloptera&f=false","Aquila megaloptera"],["11133","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Daptrius albogularis","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.9","White-throated Caracara","White-throated Caracara","White-throated Caracara",null,null,"Andes of southern Argentina and southern Chile to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696244","whtcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtcar1","avibase-51018EF4",null,null,"Santa Cruz, Patagonia.","Observations on the Raptorial Birds in Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/181/mode/1up","Polyborus (Phalcoboenus) albogularis"],["11134","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Polihierax","Kaup, 1847","Isis von Oken 40, heft 1 col.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco semitorquatus [Smith, A, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47565#page/34/mode/1up","Polihierax"],["11135","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Polihierax semitorquatus","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.44","Pygmy Falcon","Pygmy Falcon","African Pygmy-falcon",null,null,"discontinuously distributed acacia thornscrub of northeastern and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696313","pygfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygfal1","avibase-3B52D2B8",null,null,"Near Old Latakoo, i. e., Kuruman, Bechuanaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/124/mode/1up","Falco simitorquata"],["11136","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Polihierax semitorquatus castanonotus","(Heuglin, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.8 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of southern South Sudan eastward to Somalia and to southward to central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF14E02F",null,null,"Mere Belenia, White Nile, southern Sudan.","On new or little-known Birds of North-Eastern Africa. (Part I.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/457/mode/1up","Hypotriorchis castanonotus"],["11137","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Polihierax semitorquatus semitorquatus","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of southern Angola to western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C13AE58B",null,null,"Near Old Latakoo, i. e., Kuruman, Bechuanaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/124/mode/1up","Falco simitorquata"],["11138","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax","Sharpe, 1874","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 1 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco fringillarius [Drapiez, 1824]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34315#page/384/mode/1up","Microhierax"],["11139","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax erythrogenys","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.96","Philippine Falconet","Philippine Falconet","Philippine Falconet",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696336","phifal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phifal1","avibase-31620C57",null,null,"near Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/110/mode/1up","Hierax erythrogonys"],["11140","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax erythrogenys erythrogenys","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and west-central Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, and Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25D27388",null,null,"near Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/110/mode/1up","Hierax erythrogonys"],["11141","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax erythrogenys meridionalis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and east-central Philippines (Samar, Leyte and Cebu to Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B381126E",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao cf and Samar","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part IX. The Islands of Samar and Leite. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/270/mode/1up","Microhierax meridionalis"],["11142","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax fringillarius","(Drapiez, 1824)","Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle 6 p.412 pl.59","Black-thighed Falconet","Black-thighed Falconet","Black-thighed Falconet",null,null,"forest of Myanmar to Malayan Peninsula and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696327","bltfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltfal1","avibase-1C041C1A",null,null,"'Indes'; Sumatra suggested by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool. 9, p. 541.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/82881#page/432/mode/1up","Falco fringillarius"],["11143","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax latifrons","Sharpe, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.11 p.237 pl.7","White-fronted Falconet","White-fronted Falconet","White-fronted Falconet",null,null,"forest of northern Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696330","whffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whffal1","avibase-C538C440",null,null,"Lawas River and Lumbidan, Borneo [Sarawak, Malaysia]","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part IV. On the Birds of the Province of Lumbidan, North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/279/mode/1up","Microhierax latifrons"],["11144","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax melanoleucos","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.179 bis","Pied Falconet","Pied Falconet","Pied Falconet",null,null,"forest of northeastern India to southern China and northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696339","piefal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piefal2","avibase-767A595E",null,null,"Assam.","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday Evening, 10th February, 1843.) Report].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/223/mode/1up","Ierax melanoleucos"],["11145","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax caerulescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.88","Collared Falconet","Collared Falconet","Collared Falconet",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill forest edge, open deciduous forest, and plantations, in northern India eastward from Uttarakhand through Himalayas to Bhutan, and in Odisha (northeastern India), and from Myanmar southward to northern peninsular Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696324","colfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colfal1","avibase-A4452EC1",null,null,"Asia = Bengal, ex Edwards, pl. 108.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/105/mode/1up","Falco caerulescens"],["11146","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax caerulescens caerulescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of India and Nepal to Assam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF37DB43",null,null,"Asia = Bengal, ex Edwards, pl. 108.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/105/mode/1up","Falco caerulescens"],["11147","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Microhierax caerulescens burmanicus","Swann, 1920","A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) (etc.) pt.4 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA78D8E6",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52249#page/150/mode/1up","Microhierax caerulescens burmanicus"],["11148","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Neohierax","Swann, 1922","A synopsis of the Accipitres (etc.). 2nd ed. p.184",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Polihierax insignis [Walden]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43722#page/204/mode/1up","Neohierax"],["11149","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Neohierax insignis","(Walden, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.3 p.627","White-rumped Falcon","White-rumped Falcon","White-rumped Pygmy-falcon","2025-0517","Taxon <em>insignis</em> is transferred to the genus <em>Neohierax </em>based on morphology of the syrinx (Griffiths 1994) and a multi-gene dataset (Fuchs et al. 2015); both indicate that the traditional genus <em>Polihierax </em>is not monophyletic.","central Myanmar through southern Indochina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696317","whrfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrfal1","avibase-6C137D3A",null,null,"Tongoo, Upper Burma.","[On behalf of Viscount Walden, exhibition and description of a new Falconine bird of the genus Polihierax from Upper Burmah].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/755/mode/1up","Polihierax insignis"],["11150","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Neohierax insignis insignis","(Walden, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.3 p.627",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (valley of Ayeyarwady River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FC41231",null,null,"Tongoo, Upper Burma.","[On behalf of Viscount Walden, exhibition and description of a new Falconine bird of the genus Polihierax from Upper Burmah].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/755/mode/1up","Polihierax insignis"],["11151","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Neohierax insignis cinereiceps","(Stuart Baker, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A570B1B",null,null,"Myawadi, Tenasserim.","Remarks on Oriental birds and descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/137/mode/1up","Polihierax insignis cinereiceps"],["11152","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Neohierax insignis harmandi","(Oustalet, 1876)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (6), 13 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE25E4B2",null,null,"Laos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98694#page/305/mode/1up","Falco (Poliohierax) Harmandi"],["11153","genus","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Falco subbuteo [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (A.O.U., 1886, Check List, 2nd ed., p. 193).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/105/mode/1up","Falco"],["11154","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco zoniventris","Peters, 1854","Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.783","Banded Kestrel","Banded Kestrel","Banded Kestrel",null,null,"humid lowlands and subdesert of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696414","bankes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bankes1","avibase-80881CE3",null,null,"St. Augustin Bay, Madagascar.","[Hr. Peters machte eine nachträgliche Mittheilung über die Süßswasserfische von Mossambique. Derselbe legte Abbildungen neuer Vögelarten vor.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109942#page/811/mode/1up","Falco zoniventris"],["11155","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco naumanni","Fleischer, 1818","Sylvan, ein Jahrbuch für Forstmänner, Jäger und Jagdfreunde p.174","Lesser Kestrel","Lesser Kestrel","Lesser Kestrel",null,null,"breeds Mediterranean basin to eastern China; winters to southern Asia and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696357","leskes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leskes1","avibase-BECA271F",null,null,"Southern Germany.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11038162?page=202,203","Falco naumanni"],["11156","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco alopex","(Heuglin, 1861)","Ibis ser.1, vol.3 p.69 pl.3","Fox Kestrel","Fox Kestrel","Fox Kestrel",null,null,"rocky hills and gorges of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696402","foxkes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/foxkes1","avibase-D2CAA18B",null,null,"Gallabat, Sudan.","On new or little-known Birds of North-Eastern Africa. (Part II.) [Continued from vol. ii. p. 414.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/97/mode/1up","Tinnunculus alopex"],["11157","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rupicoloides","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.205, 30 May p.2","Greater Kestrel","Greater Kestrel","Greater Kestrel",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane steppe, subdesert scrub, and short grassland, from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to Kenya and northeastern Tanzania, and from southern Angola and western Zambia southward to South Africa; nomadic wanderings",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696398","grekes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grekes1","avibase-2E4DAA13",null,null,"no locality = South Africa.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.4].",null,"Falco rupicoloides"],["11158","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rupicoloides fieldi","(Elliot, 1897)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.2 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B26F7FE",null,null,"Silo Plain, Somalia.","Catalogue of a collection of birds obtained by the expedition into Somali-land","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20404#page/38/mode/1up","Cerchneis fieldi"],["11159","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rupicoloides arthuri","(Gurney, 1884)","A list of the diurnal birds of prey, with references and annotations; also a record of specimens preserved in the Norfolk and Norwich Museum p.98,156",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB3980A1",null,null,"Mombasa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30321#page/118/mode/1up","Tinnunculus arthuri"],["11160","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rupicoloides rupicoloides","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.205, 30 May p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"acacia steppes of southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63E13F8F",null,null,"no locality = South Africa.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.4].",null,"Falco rupicoloides"],["11161","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco punctatus","Temminck, 1821","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.8, vol.1 pl.45, p.83","Mauritius Kestrel","Mauritius Kestrel","Mauritius Kestrel",null,null,"dense forest of southwestern Mauritius (western Indian Ocean)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696373","maukes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maukes1","avibase-D1069C26",null,null,"Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/267/mode/1up","Falco punctatus"],["11162","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco duboisi","Cowles, 1994","Geobios 27, no.1 p.89","Reunion Kestrel","Reunion Kestrel","Reunion Kestrel",null,null,"formerly Réunion; extinct, may have survived until the 1670s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731930","reukes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reukes1","avibase-F9A74DD9",null,null,"Bed 4, Grotte des Premiers Franr (Grande Caverne), Réunion Island, details of site as previously given. Collected by B. Kervazo April 1974.","A new genus, three new species and two new records of extinct Holocene birds from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016699506802159","Falco duboisi"],["11163","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco araeus","(Oberholser, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.76","Seychelles Kestrel","Seychelles Kestrel","Seychelles Kestrel",null,null,"Seychelles, in western Indian Ocean, on Mahé and its satellites (St Anne, Cerf, Longue and probably Thérèse), Silhouette and North islands; reintroduced to Praslin; non-breeding visitor to La Digue and Félicité; historically also on Curieuse, Marianne, and possibly Sister",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696380","seykes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seykes1","avibase-36C7BFDE",null,null,"Seychelle Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/96/mode/1up","Cerchneis araea"],["11164","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco newtoni","(Gurney, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.34 pl.2","Malagasy Kestrel","Malagasy Kestrel","Malagasy Kestrel",null,null,"Madagascar and Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696368","madkes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madkes1","avibase-66DD7774",null,null,"Madagascar.","Note on the Kestrel of Madagascar (Tinnunculus newtoni).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/54/mode/1up","Tinnunculus newtoni"],["11165","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco newtoni newtoni","(Gurney, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.34 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F4A4E4C",null,null,"Madagascar.","Note on the Kestrel of Madagascar (Tinnunculus newtoni).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/54/mode/1up","Tinnunculus newtoni"],["11166","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco newtoni aldabranus","Grote, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B94FAF3",null,null,"Aldabra.","Neue Formen von Ostafrika, Aldabra und Madagaskar.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0077-0079.pdf#page=2","Falco newtoni aldabranus"],["11167","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rupicolus","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.135","Rock Kestrel","Rock Kestrel",null,"2025-0518","Taxon <em>rupicolus </em>is split from <em>Falco tinnunculus</em> based on genetics (Groombridge et al. 2002; Fuchs et al. 2015) and plumage. Inclusion of <em>rupicolus </em>in <em>F. tinnunculus</em> renders that species polyphyletic based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2015). Taxon <em>rupicolus </em>also shows reduced sexual dichromatism compared to most subspecies, but additional genetic research is needed to resolve the status of other forms within the <em>F. tinnunculus</em> complex, particularly <em>neglectus</em> and <em>alexandri</em>.","northern Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Tanzania, and South Africa",null,null,null,"eurkes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurkes1","avibase-465E7C9F",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/149/mode/1up","Falco rupicolus"],["11168","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cenchroides","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.183","Nankeen Kestrel","Nankeen Kestrel","Nankeen Kestrel",null,null,"west-central mountains of New Guinea, Australia including Tasmania, and Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (far east of Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696391","auskes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auskes1","avibase-A575254C",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/189/mode/1up","Falco Cenchroides"],["11169","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cenchroides baru","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F8E4166",null,null,"Mt. Wilhelmina, New Guinea; altitude 3,400 meters.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New birds from the 1938-1939 Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Falco cenchroides baru"],["11170","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cenchroides cenchroides","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean), Australia including Tasmania, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands (east of Australia), and New Caledonia; winters mainly to southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E19BC4F",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/189/mode/1up","Falco Cenchroides"],["11171","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco moluccensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.27","Spotted Kestrel","Spotted Kestrel","Spotted Kestrel",null,null,"southern Philippines, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696388","spokes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spokes1","avibase-FED65E8A",null,null,"Cheribon, Java; Hart. gives t.l. as Amboina",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/63/mode/1up","Tinnunculus moluccensis"],["11172","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco moluccensis moluccensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and southern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3927640F",null,null,"Cheribon, Java; Hart. gives t.l. as Amboina",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/63/mode/1up","Tinnunculus moluccensis"],["11173","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco moluccensis microbalius","(Oberholser, 1917)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 54, no.2232 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Java to Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi, and Tanimbar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBCD60A4",null,null,"Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on various islands in the Java Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53568#page/240/mode/1up","Cerchneis moluccensis microbalia"],["11174","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90","Common Kestrel","Eurasian Kestrel",null,"2025-0518","Taxon <em>rupicolus </em>is split from <em>Falco tinnunculus</em> based on genetics (Groombridge et al. 2002; Fuchs et al. 2015) and plumage. Inclusion of <em>rupicolus </em>in <em>F. tinnunculus</em> renders that species polyphyletic based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2015). Taxon <em>rupicolus </em>also shows reduced sexual dichromatism compared to most subspecies, but additional genetic research is needed to resolve the status of other forms within the <em>F. tinnunculus</em> complex, particularly <em>neglectus</em> and <em>alexandri</em>.","lowland to montane open habitats, including grassland, pasture, steppe, open woodland, and subdesert, across the Eurasia from Scandinavia, Britain, and Spain eastward to Siberia and Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu), and southward to the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde, the African Sahel and eastern Africa, Iran, northern India, and southern China; northern populations winter southward to central Africa, India, Thailand, and Philippines",null,null,null,"eurkes","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurkes","avibase-2DAB45B8",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 21.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco Tinnunculus"],["11175","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Europe, northwestern Africa, and the Middle East eastward to east-central Siberia, Afghanistan, and western and northern Pakistan east in the Himalayas to Nepal and Bhutan; in winter also to eastern Africa and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAA2DDCD",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 21.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco Tinnunculus"],["11176","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus perpallidus","(Clark, 1907)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia (east from the Lena Basin) to Korea and northern China; in winter to eastern China, Japan, and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A65A98F6",null,null,"Fusan, Korea.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/558/mode/1up","Cherchneis perpallida"],["11177","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus interstinctus","McClelland, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tibet to China and Japan (southern Hokkaido and Honshu); winters to India, Malayan Peninsula, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0643A3DD",null,null,"Assam","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/684/mode/1up","Falco interstinctus"],["11178","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus objurgatus","(Stuart Baker, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (Western and Eastern Ghats) and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37BCFB5C",null,null,"Ootacamund, Nilgiris, southern India.","Remarks on Oriental birds and descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/142/mode/1up","Cerchneis tinnunculus objurgatus"],["11179","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus canariensis","(Koenig, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.187 p.285 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira and western Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EC99AB1",null,null,"Tenerife, Canary Islands.","Ornithologische Forschungsergebnisse einer Reise nach Madeira und den canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/297/mode/1up","Cerchneis tinnunculus canariensis"],["11180","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus dacotiae","Hartert, 1913","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 2 p.1086",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B59EB2C6",null,null,"Lanzarote, Canary Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49568#page/296/mode/1up","Falco tinnunculus dacotiae"],["11181","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus neglectus","Schlegel, 1873","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.10 no.36 Accipitres p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2DD04C4",null,null,"St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51481#page/349/mode/1up","Falco neglectus"],["11182","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus alexandri","Bourne, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CA0FCD0",null,null,"São Tiago [=Santiago], Cape Verde Islands.","A new race of Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus from the Cape Verde Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/62/mode/1up","Falco tinnunculus alexandri"],["11183","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus rupicolaeformis","(Brehm, 1855)","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Africa and Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CE168FE",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/65/mode/1up","Cerchneis rupicolaeformis"],["11184","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus archeri","Hartert & Neumann, 1932","Journal für Ornithologie 80, no.4 p.531",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia, coastal Kenya, and Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E163F6C",null,null,"Waghar Mountains, Somalia.","Die Turmfalken Africas und der ostatlantischen Inseln.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_80_1932_0521-0533.pdf#page=531","Falco tinnunculus archeri"],["11185","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco tinnunculus rufescens","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"West Africa to Ethiopia, Tanzania, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BD7F8B5",null,null,"no locality. Type presumably from Sierra Leone.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/115/mode/1up","Falco rufuscens"],["11186","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90","American Kestrel","American Kestrel","American Kestrel",null,null,"Alaska to Newfoundland, southward through Caribbean to Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696395","amekes","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes","avibase-20C2214E",null,null,"America = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco sparverius"],["11187","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius sparverius","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"North America (Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B160406D",null,null,"America = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco sparverius"],["11188","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius paulus","(Howe & King, 1902)","Contributions to North American ornithology 1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern USA to Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76726C67",null,null,"Miami, Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257966#page/6/mode/1up","Cerchneis sparverius paulus"],["11189","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius peninsularis","Mearns, 1892","The Auk 9, no.3 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2771E0A1",null,null,"San Jose, Baja California.","A study of the Sparrow Hawks (subgenus Tinnunculus) of America, with especial reference to the continental species (Falco sparverius Linn.).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol9/iss3/8/","Falco sparverius peninsularis"],["11190","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius tropicalis","(Griscom, 1930)","American Museum Novitates no.414 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC8A4984",null,null,"Antigua, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3131/","Cerchneis sparveria tropicalis"],["11191","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius nicaraguensis","Howell, 1965","The Auk 82, no.3 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of Honduras and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ED28212",null,null,"12 mi. NW of Puerto Cabezas, elev. 33 m (100 ft.), Dept. of Zelaya, Nicaragua.","New subspecies of birds from the lowland pine savanna of northeastern Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol82/iss3/5/","Falco sparverius nicaraguensis"],["11192","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius sparverioides","Vigors, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas, Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A134120",null,null,"near Havana, Cuba.","XLVI. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. &c. [Continued from p. 246.] On some species of Birds from Cuba","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/464/mode/1up","Falco Sparveroides"],["11193","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius dominicensis","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola and Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0139896E",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/297/mode/1up","Falco dominicensis"],["11194","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius caribaearum","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"West Indies (Puerto Rico to Grenada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-321684F0",null,null,"No type locality = Lesser Antilles from references. Dominica suggested as type locality by Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 155.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/296/mode/1up","Falco caribaearum"],["11195","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius brevipennis","(Berlepsch, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8C6342E",null,null,"Island of Curaçao.","Die Vögel der Insel Curaçao nach einer von Herrn cand. theol. Ernst peters daselbst angelegten Sammlung.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/105/mode/1up","Tinnunculus sparverius brevipennis"],["11196","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius isabellinus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela to northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35EF251B",null,null,"Demerara, Guyana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/293/mode/1up","Falco isabellinus"],["11197","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius ochraceus","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEC12FE4",null,null,"Colón, Táchira, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/14/mode/1up","Cerchneis sparverius ochracea"],["11198","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius caucae","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Canal Zone, central Panama, and western Colombia (western Andes and west slope of central Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1001AF18",null,null,"La Manuelita, near Palmira, 3500 feet, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Cerchneis sparverius caucae"],["11199","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius aequatorialis","Mearns, 1892","The Auk 9, no.3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C706901F",null,null,"Guayaquil; error, type from interior of Ecuador, fide Chapman, 1915, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, 34, p. 377.","A study of the Sparrow Hawks (subgenus Tinnunculus) of America, with especial reference to the continental species (Falco sparverius Linn.).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol9/iss3/8/","Falco sparverius aequatorialis"],["11200","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius peruvianus","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.8 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southwestern Ecuador, Peru, and northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B61A7849",null,null,"Chachapoyas, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from South America and adjacent islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20450#page/12/mode/1up","Cerchneis sparverius peruviana"],["11201","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius cinnamominus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru, Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B9E030E",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/293/mode/1up","Falco cinnamominus"],["11202","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius fernandensis","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"Robinson Crusoe Island (Juan Fernández Islands off Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D1BF103",null,null,"Juan Fernandez (=Masatierra) Island, off Chile.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Cerchneis sparverius fernandensis"],["11203","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco sparverius cearae","(Cory, 1915)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.9 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"tablelands of northeastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-296867ED",null,null,"Quixada, Ceará, Brazil.","Notes on South American birds, with descriptions of new sub-species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20394#page/24/mode/1up","Cerchneis sparveria cearae"],["11204","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco vespertinus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.129","Red-footed Falcon","Red-footed Falcon","Red-footed Falcon",null,null,"breeds central Eurasia; winters in sub-Saharan Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696432","reffal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reffal1","avibase-997A9437",null,null,"Ingria = Province of St. Petersburg, fide Hartert, p. 1078.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/133/mode/1up","Falco vespertinus"],["11205","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco amurensis","Radde, 1863","Reisen im Süden von Ost-Sibirien in den Jahren 1855-1859 (etc.) (2), 2 p.102 pl.1 fig.2a,2b,2c","Amur Falcon","Amur Falcon","Amur Falcon",null,null,"breeds steppes of northeastern Asia; winters from Malawi to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696437","amufal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amufal1","avibase-E6137E65",null,null,"Zeya River, Amurland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50507#page/116/mode/1up","Falco vespertinus var. amurensis"],["11206","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90","Merlin","Merlin","Merlin",null,null,"breeds Holarctic, from Iceland and Faroe Islands to Sakhalin, and mountains and steppes of central Asia, and northern North America southward to northern tier of US states; winters southward to northern Africa, tropical Asia, and northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696453","merlin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/merlin","avibase-F3DA111C",null,null,"America = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco columbarius"],["11207","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius subaesalon","Brehm, 1827","Ornis, oder das Neueste und Wichtigste der Vögelkunde, und Anziehendes aus der Thierkunde 3 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Iceland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E756F81",null,null,"Iceland.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=cjIyi8njGDcC&pg=RA3-PA9&q=Falco%20subaesalon#v=onepage&f=false","Falco subaesalon"],["11208","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius aesalon","Tunstall, 1771","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Eurasia (Faroe Islands to central Siberia); winters to northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCDAFCA5",null,null,"No type locality = France, from Brissonian reference.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49445#page/11/mode/1up","Falco Aesalon"],["11209","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius insignis","(Clark, 1907)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia between Yenisey and Anadyr rivers; winters northern India, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (all main islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C44F6AC2",null,null,"Fusan, Korea.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/558/mode/1up","Aesalon regulus insignis"],["11210","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius pacificus","(Stegmann, 1929)","Bulletin de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS, Classe des Sciences Physico-Mathématiques ser.7, no.6 p.591",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Russian Far East, including Sakhalin; winters northeastern China to central Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31854324",null,null,"Rasboinik Rock, Sea of Okhotsk.","Die paläarktischen Formen des Merlinfalken.",null,"Aesalon columbarius pacificus"],["11211","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius pallidus","(Sushkin, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"steppes of Asia (Aral Sea to Altai Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3BACC63",null,null,"Western part of the Kirghiz Steppes","[Description of a new subspecies of Merlin].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/163/mode/1up","Lithofalco aesalon pallidus"],["11212","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius lymani","Bangs, 1913","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 54, no.16 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of central Asia; winters China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A88F54B",null,null,"Tchegan-Burgazi Pass, Altai Mountains, Siberia.","Some birds from the highlands of Siberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21170#page/603/mode/1up","Falco aesalon lymani"],["11213","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius columbarius","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"North America (except for Pacific coast and Great Plains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-139C813E",null,null,"America = South Carolina ex Catesby.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/107/mode/1up","Falco columbarius"],["11214","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius suckleyi","Ridgway, 1874","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska and British Columbia to northern Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1EC9019",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay and Fort Steilacoom, Washington.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/209/mode/1up","Falco columbarius var. suckleyi"],["11215","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco columbarius richardsonii","Ridgway, 1871","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Plains of North America (central Alberta to Wyoming)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40B23060",null,null,"mouth of Vermillion River, South Dakota.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84763#page/155/mode/1up","Falco Hypotriorchis richardsonii"],["11216","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco ardosiaceus","Vieillot, 1823","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1238","Grey Kestrel","Gray Kestrel","Grey Kestrel",null,null,"savanna and woodland of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696406","grykes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grykes1","avibase-3F2BA4F7",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/346/mode/1up","Falco Ardosiaceus"],["11217","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco dickinsoni","Sclater, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.248","Dickinson's Kestrel","Dickinson's Kestrel","Dickinson's Kestrel",null,null,"palms and savanna of east-central and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696410","dickes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dickes1","avibase-CA34C05A",null,null,"Chibasa, Shire River, Nyasaland.","Characters of a New Species of Falcon, discovered by the late Dr. Dickinson, of the Central African Mission, on the River Shiré.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/308/mode/1up","Falco dickinsoni"],["11218","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco berigora","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.184","Brown Falcon","Brown Falcon","Brown Falcon",null,null,"Australia, west-central to southeastern New Guinea and islands west of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696354","brofal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brofal1","avibase-9F5AA09D",null,null,"New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/190/mode/1up","Falco Berigora"],["11219","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco berigora novaeguineae","(Meyer, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central New Guinea and northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D41A69FD",null,null,"Southeastern New Guinea.","Beschreibung einiger neuen Vögel aus dem Ostindischen Archipel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/99/mode/1up","Hieracidea novaeguineae"],["11220","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco berigora berigora","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape York Peninsula, Queensland) and Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D663952F",null,null,"New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/190/mode/1up","Falco Berigora"],["11221","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco deiroleucus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.59, vol.1 pl.348","Orange-breasted Falcon","Orange-breasted Falcon","Orange-breasted Falcon",null,null,"locally from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696516","orbfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbfal1","avibase-FF019083",null,null,"São Francisco Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/235/mode/1up","Falco deiroleucus"],["11222","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rufigularis","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.131","Bat Falcon","Bat Falcon","Bat Falcon",null,null,"humid lowlands of northern Mexico to tablelands of Brazil, adjacent Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696457","batfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batfal1","avibase-EF9568DE",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/145/mode/1up","Falco rufigularis"],["11223","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rufigularis petoensis","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands of northern Mexico to southern Ecuador (west of the Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FBFB93C",null,null,"Peto, Yucatan.","Description of a new forms of South and Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/160/mode/1up","Falco rufigularis petoensis"],["11224","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rufigularis rufigularis","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern South America including Trinidad, to southern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5B6A70D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/145/mode/1up","Falco rufigularis"],["11225","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rufigularis ophryophanes","(Salvadori, 1895)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 10, no.208 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"tableland of Brazil, adjacent Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C262D02",null,null,"Colonia Risso, Río Apa, Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137837#page/137/mode/1up","Hypotriorchis ophryophanes"],["11226","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco longipennis","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.341","Australian Hobby","Australian Hobby","Australian Hobby",null,null,"Lesser Sundas and Australia; winters to southern and southeastern New Guinea, New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago), and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696473","aushob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aushob1","avibase-B72DDBE4",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/353/mode/1up","Falco longipennis"],["11227","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco longipennis hanieli","Hellmayr, 1914","Zoologie von Timor: Ergebnisse der unter Leitung von Joh. Wanner im Jahre 1911 ausgeführten Timor-Expedition (etc.) 1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-356ACBC6",null,null,"Bonleo, Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36830#page/112/mode/1up","Falco longipennis hanieli"],["11228","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco longipennis longipennis","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania; winters to the Moluccas, New Guinea, and New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B88ECE1C",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/353/mode/1up","Falco longipennis"],["11229","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco longipennis murchisonianus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, central, and eastern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1D24B84",null,null,"East Murchison, West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/276/mode/1up","Falco lunulatus murchisonianus"],["11230","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco severus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.135","Oriental Hobby","Oriental Hobby","Oriental Hobby",null,null,"breeds northwestern India and Nepal eastward to Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan (southeastern China), and southward through Burma, Thailand, and Indochina to Philippines, Java, and Sulawesi, then eastward through New Guinea to Solomon Archipelago; Himalayan birds winter southward to southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696470","orihob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orihob1","avibase-B9538B77",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/154/mode/1up","Falco severus"],["11231","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco eleonorae","Géné, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.105","Eleonora's Falcon","Eleonora's Falcon","Eleonora's Falcon",null,null,"breeds Mediterranean islands and coasts; winters to Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696442","elefal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elefal1","avibase-9EA1F12D",null,null,"Sardinia.","Nouvelle espèce européenne du genre Faucon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/113/mode/1up","Falco Eleonorae"],["11232","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco concolor","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.56, vol.1 pl.330,text","Sooty Falcon","Sooty Falcon","Sooty Falcon",null,null,"breeds rocky areas of northeastern Africa; winters to southern Africa and Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696446","soofal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soofal1","avibase-BD34FDFD",null,null,"Senegal, etc.; restricted to Barqan Island, Gulf of Aqaba, by Vaurie, 1965, Birds Pal. Fauna, Non-Passeriformes, p. 227.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/263/mode/1up","Falco concolor"],["11233","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cuvierii","Smith, 1830","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.4 p.392","African Hobby","African Hobby","African Hobby",null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696466","afrhob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrhob1","avibase-F56A73BF",null,null,"no locality = South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/400/mode/1up","Falco Cuvierii"],["11234","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco subbuteo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89","Eurasian Hobby","Eurasian Hobby","Eurasian Hobby",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded steppe, subdesert, scrub, and wetlands, from northwestern Africa, Scandinavia, and Britain eastward to Siberia and northern Japan (southward to northern Honshu), and southward to Middle East, Himalayas, and eastern China; most populations migrate southward to sub-Saharan Africa and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696460","eurhob","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurhob","avibase-E91E287A",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco Subbuteo"],["11235","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco subbuteo subbuteo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe from Britain eastward, and northwestern Africa eastward through Russia, central Asia, northern Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, and northern China to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and northern Japan (Hokkaido to northern Honshu); winters in central and southern Africa and southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB0D109",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/106/mode/1up","Falco Subbuteo"],["11236","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco subbuteo streichi","Hartert & Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.4 p.592",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern China to Myanmar and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE2EB4B5",null,null,"Swatow, Kwangtung.","Drei neue Falkenformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/624/mode/1up","Falco subbuteo streichi"],["11237","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco novaeseelandiae","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.268","New Zealand Falcon","New Zealand Falcon","New Zealand Falcon",null,null,"locally in New Zealand, including Stewart and Auckland islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696476","nezfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezfal1","avibase-38FA4FF0",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/280/mode/1up","Falco novae-Seelandiae"],["11238","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco femoralis","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.21, vol.1 pl.121,text; 1825 livr.58, pl.343,text","Aplomado Falcon","Aplomado Falcon","Aplomado Falcon",null,null,"savanna and woodland of northern Mexico to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696450","aplfal","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aplfal","avibase-5EC5BE3F",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/253/mode/1up","Falco femoralis"],["11239","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco femoralis septentrionalis","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna and woodland of northern Mexico and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B4550B8",null,null,"Fort Huachuca, Arizona.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/128/mode/1up","Falco fusco-coerulescens septentrionalis"],["11240","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco femoralis femoralis","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.21, vol.1 pl.121,text; 1825 livr.58, pl.343,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicaragua and Belize through South America to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80F33B2A",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/253/mode/1up","Falco femoralis"],["11241","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco femoralis pichinchae","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate Colombia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-340B8207",null,null,"Pichincha, Ecuador.","Descriptions of one new genus and of species of birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Falco fusco-caerulescens pichinchae"],["11242","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco chicquera","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.121","Red-necked Falcon","Red-necked Falcon",null,"2025-0514","The African taxa <em>ruficollis </em>and <em>horsbrughi </em>sometimes are split from Asian nominate <em>Falco chicquera</em> (e.g., del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2014) but the evidentiary basis for a split is considered weak. Differences in plumage are relatively minor and mitochondrial DNA data (Wink &amp; Sauer-Gürth 2000, 2004) are more consistent with subspecies level divergence. Documentation of ecological differences and genomic data might add greater perspective to this proposed split.","riparian woodland in desert, terai, palm stands, tallgrass savanna, and open dambos in sub-Saharan Africa from southern Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal eastward to southern Sudan and central Ethiopia, and southward along eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Angola and Zambia, and southward to northern South Africa, and disjunctly from southeastern Iran and adjacent Pakistan and northeastern Pakistan eastward to northeastern India and Bangladesh, and southward in Indian Peninsula to southernmost Kerala",null,null,null,"renfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renfal1","avibase-6A64EFCB",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/135/mode/1up","Falco chicquera"],["11243","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco chicquera chicquera","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Iran to India, Nepal, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C1821E7",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/135/mode/1up","Falco chicquera"],["11244","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco chicquera ruficollis","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.107, pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia, Somalia, Zambia, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECA3AF37",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/113/mode/1up","Falco ruficollis"],["11245","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco chicquera horsbrughi","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique to Angola and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-139CDFEA",null,null,"Pretoria.","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/156/mode/1up","Falco horsbrughi"],["11246","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco mexicanus","Schlegel, 1850","Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie Heft3 p.15","Prairie Falcon","Prairie Falcon","Prairie Falcon",null,null,"arid North America (British Columbia to northern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696504","prafal","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prafal","avibase-BBFF0963",null,null,"Mexico. Type from Monterrey (cf. Schlegel, 1862, Mus. Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, Rev. Method. Crit. Coll., livr. 1, Falcónes, p. 18, note).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54312#page/111/mode/1up","Falco mexicanus"],["11247","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco hypoleucos","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.162","Grey Falcon","Gray Falcon","Grey Falcon",null,null,"central and northern semiarid Australia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696479","gryfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfal1","avibase-121657AB",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/888/mode/1up","Falco hypoleucos"],["11248","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco fasciinucha","Reichenow & Neumann, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.114","Taita Falcon","Taita Falcon","Taita Falcon",null,null,"locally in highlands of southwestern Ethiopia to southwestern Mozambique",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696523","taifal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taifal1","avibase-9A4AA945",null,null,"Teita, Kenya.","Ein neuer Falk von Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/130/mode/1up","Falco fasciinucha"],["11249","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus","Tunstall, 1771","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.1","Peregrine Falcon","Peregrine Falcon","Peregrine Falcon",null,null,"global across open habitats, lowland to montane, on all wooded continents, and many offshore islands; most northern populations migrate southward in winter; breeding absent in Amazon Basin, Sahara, and most steppes of central and eastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45354964","perfal","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perfal","avibase-47E58408",null,null,"Northamptonshire, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49445#page/11/mode/1up","Falco Peregrinus"],["11250","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus tundrius","White, 1968","The Auk 85, no.2 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Arctic tundra of North America (Alaska to Greenland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9F3B7A1",null,null,"near NW Sherman Basin, Adelaide Peninsula, Northwest Territories, Canada.","Diagnosis and relationships of the North American tundra-inhabiting Peregrine Falcons.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol85/iss2/1/","Falco peregrinus tundrius"],["11251","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus pealei","Ridgway, 1874","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western North America (Aleutians to Washington)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15AB1C63",null,null,"Sitka, Alaska and Oregon.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/209/mode/1up","Falco communis var. pealei"],["11252","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus anatum","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"North America (south of tundra) to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C7DCE6B",null,null,"Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/16/mode/1up","Falco Anatum"],["11253","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus cassini","Sharpe, 1873","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.11, no.63 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"western South America (Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-187F275E",null,null,"Straits of Magellan and Chile.","XXVI. On the Peregrine Falcon of the Magellan Straits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81041#page/235/mode/1up","Falco Cassini"],["11254","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus peregrinus","Tunstall, 1771","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eurasia (south of the tundra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27E4058F",null,null,"Northamptonshire, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49445#page/11/mode/1up","Falco Peregrinus"],["11255","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus calidus","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"tundra of Eurasia (Lapland eastward to northeastern Siberia); winters southward to south-eastern Asia and Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03CD5805",null,null,"India. Migrant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/63/mode/1up","Falco calidus"],["11256","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus japonensis","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia to Kamchatka Peninsula and Japan (southward to northern Honshu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A49EF0E2",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/269/mode/1up","Falco japonensis"],["11257","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus brookei","Sharpe, 1873","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.11, no.61 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean basin eastward to the Caucasus Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35E420F3",null,null,"Sardinia.","IV. On the Peregrine Falcon from Sardinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81041#page/235/mode/1up","Falco Brookei"],["11258","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus peregrinator","Sundevall, 1837","Physiographiska Sällskapets Tidskrift 1, pt.2 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7814DCB",null,null,"At sea in lat. 6° 20' N. between Ceylon and Sumatra, 70 Swedish miles off the Nicobars.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20278#page/199/mode/1up","Falco peregrinator"],["11259","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus furuitii","Momiyama, 1927","Annotationes Ornithologiae Orientalis 1 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Iwo (Volcano) Islands and possibly Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands; probably extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FF67433",null,null,"Isino-mura, San Alessandro Islands = Kita Iwo Jima.","Some new and unrecorded Birds from Japanese Territories, I.",null,"Falco peregrinus fruitii"],["11260","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus madens","Ripley & Watson, 1963","Postilla no.77 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF92B0BB",null,null,"Provoca, Brava, Cape Verde Islands.","A new Peregrine Falcon from the Cape Verde Islands, Eastern Atlantic Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43742#page/4/mode/1up","Falco peregrinus madens"],["11261","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus minor","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco, Mauritania, and sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2723EFFC",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/57/mode/1up","Falco minor"],["11262","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus radama","Hartlaub, 1861","Ornithologischer Beitrag zur Fauna Madagascar's p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar and Comoros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-101DB296",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52247#page/33/mode/1up","Falco radama"],["11263","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus ernesti","Sharpe, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Greater Sundas, New Guinea, and Bismarck Archipelago; birds of Solomon Archipelago probably also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1888965",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Sarawak.","Additions to the Avifauna of Mount Dulit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/581/mode/1up","Falco ernesti"],["11264","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus macropus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia including Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8786B805",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/353/mode/1up","Falco macropus"],["11265","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus nesiotes","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1133 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu and New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FE2CBE6",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 45, Notes on New Guinea birds. 8.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4833/","Falco peregrinus nesiotes"],["11266","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus babylonicus","Sclater, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.11 p.218 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Iran to Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AE2025E",null,null,"Oudh, in India, Babylonia and Abyssinia. Type from Oudh.","Notes on Birds observed in Oudh and Kumaon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/254/mode/1up","Falco babylonicus"],["11267","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides","Temminck, 1829","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.81, vol.1 pl.479",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands; locally from northern Africa (Morocco) to western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A113792C",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/231/mode/1up","Falco pelegrinoides"],["11268","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco biarmicus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.55, vol.1 pl.324,text","Lanner Falcon","Lanner Falcon","Lanner Falcon",null,null,"patchy in varying lowland to montane habitats, desert to forest, often near rocky gorges, to coastal cliffs or grasslands, from southern Italy eastward to western Iran, and from northwestern Africa eastward to Arabian Peninsula, and southward to sub-Saharan Africa (except Congo Basin); some extensive movement related to wet and dry conditions",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696487","lanfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lanfal1","avibase-3D3808E3",null,null,"Caffraria and Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/241/mode/1up","Falco biarmicus"],["11269","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco biarmicus feldeggii","Schlegel, 1843","Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie Heft2 p.3 pl.10,11",null,null,null,null,null,"Sicily and southern Italy to Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Lebanon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAFC81E3",null,null,"Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54312#page/99/mode/1up","Falco feldeggii"],["11270","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco biarmicus erlangeri","Kleinschmidt, 1901","Aquila 8 p.33 pl.i fig., pl.3 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania to Morocco and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88FBEA5C",null,null,"Tunis and Tangier.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35755#page/43/mode/1up","Falco Hierofalco erlangeri"],["11271","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco biarmicus tanypterus","Schlegel, 1843","Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie Heft2 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt and Sudan to Arabian Peninsula, Israel, and Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0C61F08",null,null,"Nubia and Ethiopia (p. 2).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54312#page/104/mode/1up","Falco tanypterus"],["11272","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco biarmicus abyssinicus","Neumann, 1904","Journal für Ornithologie 52, no.3 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Ghana to Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DDA2400",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101586#page/381/mode/1up","Falco biarmicus abyssinicus"],["11273","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco biarmicus biarmicus","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.55, vol.1 pl.324,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A474ED87",null,null,"Caffraria and Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/241/mode/1up","Falco biarmicus"],["11274","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco jugger","Gray, 1834","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2, no.13-14 pl.26","Laggar Falcon","Laggar Falcon","Laggar Falcon",null,null,"southeastern Iran to India and disjunctly in central Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696492","lagfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lagfal1","avibase-9FB14C90",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267511#page/60/mode/1up","Falco Jugger"],["11275","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco subniger","Gray, 1843","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.11, no.71 p.371","Black Falcon","Black Falcon","Black Falcon",null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (except southern Western Australia, western South Australia, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696484","blafal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blafal1","avibase-00BBD4CF",null,null,"Australia? = Victoria, fide Mathews, List Bds. Austr., 1913, p. 112.","LII. Some remarks on the Soft-billed Duck of Latham.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19570#page/397/mode/1up","Falco subniger"],["11276","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco rusticolus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.88","Gyrfalcon","Gyrfalcon","Gyrfalcon",null,null,"mountains and tundra of northern Palearctic region and northern North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696500","gyrfal","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyrfal","avibase-E19252A7",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/105/mode/1up","Falco rusticolus"],["11277","species","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cherrug","Gray, 1834","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2, no.15-16 pl.25","Saker Falcon","Saker Falcon","Saker Falcon",null,null,"breeds plains and mountains from east-central Europe and southward through Türkiye eastward to Outer Mongolia (northeastern China) and eastern Tibetan Plateau; winters to northern and eastern Africa eastward to northern Indian subcontinent and central China",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22696495","sakfal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sakfal1","avibase-A9F51494",null,null,"India. In winter.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267511#page/57/mode/1up","Falco cherrug"],["11278","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cherrug cherrug","Gray, 1834","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2, no.15-16 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds east-central Europe eastward to northern Kazakhstan and south-central Siberia, in the south through Türkiye and Iran; winters from southern Europe and northern and eastern Africa (in Rift Valley to south-central Kenya) eastward in southwestern Asia to northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61292AD4",null,null,"India. In winter.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267511#page/57/mode/1up","Falco cherrug"],["11279","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cherrug coatsi","Dementiev, 1945","Uchenia Zapiski Gosudarstvo Moskovskii Universitete 83 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in plains of southwestern Kazakhstan and western Turkmenistan to eastern Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A414CD6",null,null,"Montibus Turanicis = Kuh i Tang, Uzbekistan.","On the systematic position of the Turkomanian Falco cherrug.",null,"Falco cherrug coatsi"],["11280","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cherrug hendersoni","Hume, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"Pamir Mountains (eastern Tajikistan) eastward to the Tibetan Plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF69B05",null,null,"Chinese Turkistan. Type from Kitchik Yilak, north of Sanju Pass, western Kun Lun Range, fide Henderson, 1873, in Henderson and Hume, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 171.","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/449/mode/1up","Falco hendersoni"],["11281","subspecies","Falconiformes","Falconidae","Falcons and Caracaras","Falco cherrug milvipes","Jerdon, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.2 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of central Tian Shan and Altai Mountains east through Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (northeastern China), south from Transbaikalia through Ladakh (northwestern India) to central China; winters from Iran eastward to Nepal, northern India, and southern and central China (including Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85C3C81D",null,null,"Umballa, India. In winter.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/276/mode/1up","Falco milvipes"],["11282","order","Psittaciformes",null,null,"Psittaciformes",null,null,"Parrots and Cockatoos",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11283","family","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Strigopidae",null,null,"New Zealand Parrots","New Zealand Parrots","New Zealand Parrots",null,null,null,null,null,null,"strigo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strigo1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11284","genus","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Strigops","Gray, 1845","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.426 pl.CV",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Strigops habroptilus [Gray, GR, 1845]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/269/mode/1up","Strigops"],["11285","species","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Strigops habroptilus","Gray, 1845","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.427 pl.CV","Kakapo","Kakapo","Kakapo","2025-N069","Some practitioners have used \"<em>habroptila</em>\" based on the fact that the gender of <em>Strigops </em>was established as feminine by Direction 26 of the ICZN in 1955, assuming that <em>habroptila </em>is an adjective. However, Greek coinages such as <em>habroptilus/habroptila</em> can variably be interpreted as nouns (\"soft feather\") or adjectives (\"soft-feathered\"), with arguments in favor of either interpretation. In such cases, ICZN Article 31.2.2 stipulates their usage as a noun. Hence, <em>Strigops habroptilus</em>, the name that has had an overwhelming historic usage, is the correct epithet. We follow Savage and Digby (2023) in this decision.","now mostly Codfish Island (=Whenua Hou, west of Stewart Island); formerly North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand); extremely rare and intensively managed",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685245","kakapo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kakapo2","avibase-16804FAF",null,null,"'One of the islands in the South Pacific' = New Zealand, restricted to Dusky Sound, South Island by Mathews and Iredale, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/262/mode/1up","Strigops habroptilus"],["11286","genus","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Nestor","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus nestor [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Psittacus meridionalis J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/228/mode/1up","Nestor"],["11287","species","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Nestor notabilis","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.306 p.94","Kea","Kea","Kea",null,null,"mountains of South Island (New Zealand)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684831","kea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kea1","avibase-D2E2AE57",null,null,"Murihiku District, South Island, New Zealand.","On Two New Species of Birds (Nestor notabilis and Spatula variegata) from the Collection of Walter Mantell, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/130/mode/1up","Nestor notabilis"],["11288","species","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Nestor productus","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.38 p.19","Norfolk Kaka","Norfolk Island Kaka","Norfolk Island Kaka",null,null,"formerly Norfolk and Phillip islands (east of Australia); extinct, last reported 1851","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684834","noikak1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noikak1","avibase-7328A120",null,null,"No locality = Phillip Island, off Norfolk Island.","Characters of some new Birds in the Society's Collection, including two new genera, Paradoxornis and Actinodura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/31/mode/1up","Plyctolophus productus"],["11289","species","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Nestor meridionalis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.333","New Zealand Kaka","New Zealand Kaka","New Zealand Kaka",null,null,"North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684840","nezkak1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezkak1","avibase-B6353CFD",null,null,"New Zealand = Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/345/mode/1up","Psittacus meridionalis"],["11290","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis","Lorenz von Liburnau, 1896","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 46 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"New Zealand (North Island and adjacent offshore islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A017C54",null,null,"North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48422#page/208/mode/1up","Nestor septentrionalis"],["11291","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Strigopidae","New Zealand Parrots","Nestor meridionalis meridionalis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"South Island, Stewart Island, and larger New Zealand satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5083816F",null,null,"New Zealand = Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/345/mode/1up","Psittacus meridionalis"],["11292","family","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatuidae",null,null,"Cockatoos","Cockatoos","Cockatoos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cacatu2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cacatu2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11293","genus","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus","Desmarest, 1826","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus banksii [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 53).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81573#page/27/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus"],["11294","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus lathami","(Temminck, 1807)","Catalogue systématique du cabinet d'ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes de Crd. Jb. Temminck p.21","Glossy Black Cockatoo","Glossy Black-Cockatoo","Glossy Black-cockatoo",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684749","glbcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glbcoc1","avibase-D090A8A4",null,null,"Botany Bay, New South Wales, ex Latham.",null,"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_B2wdAAAAIAAJ/page/n39/mode/1up","Psittacus Lathami"],["11295","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus lathami erebus","Schodde & Mason, 1993","The Emu 93 p.156-166",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (coastal east-central Queensland northward to southern Wet Tropics region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA52713C",null,null,"1 km E, of Kroombit Tops Forestry Barracks, Dawes Range plateau, 18 April 1991 [central-east coastal Queensland, Australia]","Geographical differentiation in the Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami (Temminck) and its history.","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9930156","Calyptorhynchus lathami erebus"],["11296","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus lathami lathami","(Temminck, 1807)","Catalogue systématique du cabinet d'ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes de Crd. Jb. Temminck p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to eastern Victoria and central New South Wales",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-146F6A34",null,null,"Botany Bay, New South Wales, ex Latham.",null,"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_B2wdAAAAIAAJ/page/n39/mode/1up","Psittacus Lathami"],["11297","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Kangaroo Island, off South Australia; formerly also mainland southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36A4756D",null,null,"Western River, Kangaroo Island, off South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/287/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus viridis halmaturinus"],["11298","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus banksii","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.107","Red-tailed Black Cockatoo","Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo","Red-tailed Black-cockatoo",null,null,"Australia (except south-central, southeastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684744","rtbcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtbcoc1","avibase-122372C7",null,null,"New Holland [=Australia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/129/mode/1up","Psittacus Banksii"],["11299","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus banksii naso","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Australia (forests from Perth to Albany)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A768B441",null,null,"Swan River, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/120/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus naso"],["11300","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus banksii escondidus","Ewart, Joseph & Schodde, 2020","Heredity 125 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"central western Western Australia (Shark Bay to Southern Cross)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA47424F",null,null,"13 miles NE of Morawa, Western Australia, 11 July 1978, Latitude -29.05, Longitude 116.1","Phylogeography of the iconic Australian red-tailed black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) and implications for its conservation","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41437-020-0315-y","Calyptorhynchus banksii escondidus"],["11301","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne","Schodde, Saunders & Homberger, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern South Australia and southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21EE9E8D",null,null,"Penola, S.A. [South Australia] 24 Sept. 1978, coll. J. Bourne","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne"],["11302","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli","Mathews, 1917","The birds of Australia 6 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"central Australia (southern Northern Territory, northern South Australia, southwestern Queensland, and along Darling River, central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8EFA6B0",null,null,"Hugh River, Central Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224562#page/162/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli"],["11303","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41BDCE85",null,null,"New Holland [=Australia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/129/mode/1up","Psittacus Banksii"],["11304","genus","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Zanda","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.8 p.196",null,null,null,"2025-0644","The genus name <em>Zanda </em>is resurrected for the yellow-tailed and white-tailed cockatoos based on mitogenomic and genomic data (White et al. 2011; Provost et al. 2018; Smith et al. 2023).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Calyptorhynchus baudini tenuirostris [Mathews, 1913]; type by original designation and monotypy = Calyptorhynchus baudinii Lear, 1832  ",null,"New Genera","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/236/mode/1up","Zanda"],["11305","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Zanda funerea","(Shaw, 1794)","The naturalist's miscellany 6, no.2 pl.186,text","Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo","Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo","Yellow-tailed Black-cockatoo",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684739","ytbcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ytbcoc1","avibase-E6DFA707",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155488#page/31/mode/1up","Psittacus funereus"],["11306","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Zanda funerea funerea","(Shaw, 1794)","The naturalist's miscellany 6, no.2 pl.186,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (east-central Queensland to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AA61517",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155488#page/31/mode/1up","Psittacus funereus"],["11307","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Zanda funerea whiteae","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern South Australia, including Kangaroo Island, and western Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D45D6A5",null,null,"Starvation Creek, Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/53/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus funereus whiteae"],["11308","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Zanda funerea xanthanota","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania and Bass Strait islands (southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB9BC644",null,null,"van Diemen's Land [=Tasmania]","Characters of a large number of New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/307/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus xanthanotus"],["11309","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Zanda baudinii","(Lear, 1832)","Illustrations of the family of Psittacidæ, or parrots (etc.) pt12 pl.6","Baudin's Black Cockatoo","Baudin's Black-Cockatoo","Baudin's Black-cockatoo",null,null,"far southwestern Australia (forests from Perth to Albany)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684727","whtblc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtblc1","avibase-2D806122",null,null,"No locality = Albany, southwestern Australia, by designation of Mathews, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125973#page/23/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus Baudinii"],["11310","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Zanda latirostris","(Carnaby, 1948)","The Western Australian Naturalist 1 p.136-138","Carnaby's Black Cockatoo","Carnaby's Black-Cockatoo","Carnaby's Black-cockatoo",null,null,"southwestern Australia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684733","slbblc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbblc1","avibase-B933D557",null,null,"Hopetoun, Western Australia","Variation in the White-tailed Black Cockatoo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/272756#page/129/mode/1up","Calyptorhynchus latirostris"],["11311","genus","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Nymphicus","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.490",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus novaehollandiae [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 51). = Psittacus hollandicus Kerr, 1792",null,null,null,"Nymphicus"],["11312","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Nymphicus hollandicus","(Kerr, 1792)","The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus 1 pt2 p.580","Cockatiel","Cockatiel","Cockatiel",null,null,"Australia (except Cape York Peninsula, coastal southeastern and southwestern Australia, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684828","cockat","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cockat","avibase-FDAEA60A",null,null,"New Holland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119041#page/612/mode/1up","Psittacus hollandicus"],["11313","genus","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Probosciger","Kuhl, 1820","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus aterrimus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 20, p. 102).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/80/mode/1up","Probosciger"],["11314","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Probosciger aterrimus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.330","Palm Cockatoo","Palm Cockatoo","Palm Cockatoo",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands, and far northern Australia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684723","palcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palcoc1","avibase-ADC0F261",null,null,"New Holland, restricted to northern Australia by van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 33, 1911, p. 239.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/342/mode/1up","Psittacus aterrimus"],["11315","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Probosciger aterrimus stenolophus","(van Oort, 1911)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 33 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF217D00",null,null,"Humboldt Bay and Sentani Lake, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47508#page/258/mode/1up","Microglossus aterrimus stenolophus"],["11316","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Probosciger aterrimus goliath","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"western Papuan islands and western to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B8137CC",null,null,"East Indies, restricted to the small race of the Onin Peninsula by Stresemann, antea, p. 54.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/160/mode/1up","Psittacus Goliath"],["11317","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Probosciger aterrimus aterrimus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru and Misool Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BF43E8E",null,null,"New Holland, restricted to northern Australia by van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 33, 1911, p. 239.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/342/mode/1up","Psittacus aterrimus"],["11318","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Probosciger aterrimus macgillivrayi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39093B14",null,null,"Cape York, Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/285/mode/1up","Solenoglossus aterrimus macgillivrayi"],["11319","genus","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Callocephalon","Lesson, 1837","Journal de la Navigation Autour du Globe de la Frégate la Thétis et de la Corvette l'Espérance pendant les années 1824, 1825 et 1826 . Publié par ordre du Roi sous les auspices du Département de la Marine par M. le Baron de Bougainville Capitaine de vaisseau ... &c. 2 p.311 Atlas pl.39,40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Callocephalon australe [Lesson, 1837]; type by monotypy = Psittacus fimbriatus J. Grant, 1803",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k503778f/f328.item.r=Journal%20de%20la%20navigation%20autour%20du%20globe%20de%20la%20fr%C3%A9gate%22la%20Th%C3%A9tis%22","Callocephalon"],["11320","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Callocephalon fimbriatum","(Grant, 1803)","The narrative of a voyage of discovery, performed in His Majesty's Vessel the Lady Nelson, of sixty tons burthen, with sliding keels, in the years 1800, 1801, and 1802, to New South Wales pl.opp.p.135","Gang-gang Cockatoo","Gang-gang Cockatoo","Gang-gang Cockatoo",null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (central New South Wales to southeastern South Australia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684755","gagcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gagcoc1","avibase-49394DD2",null,null,"New South Wales, i.e. Bass River, Victoria.",null,null,"Psittacus fimbriatus"],["11321","genus","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Eolophus","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cacatua rosea [Vieillot, 1822]; type by monotypy = Cacutua roseicapilla Vieillot, 1817",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/165/mode/1up","Eolophus"],["11322","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Eolophus roseicapilla","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.12","Galah","Galah","Galah",null,null,"Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684758","galah","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galah","avibase-155F5285",null,null,"In the Indies == New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/20/mode/1up","Cacatua roseicapilla"],["11323","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Eolophus roseicapilla albiceps","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and eastern Australia southward to Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1E12BA7",null,null,"Gungahlin, A.C.T., 3 May 1983, coll. L.W. Braithwaite","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Eolophus roseicapillus albiceps"],["11324","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Eolophus roseicapilla kuhli","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34570269",null,null,"Northern Territory, type said to be from South Alligator River.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/390/mode/1up","Cacatoes roseicapilla kuhli"],["11325","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Eolophus roseicapilla roseicapilla","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"western Australia (south of Kimberley region, northern Northern Territory, eastward to western Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D36382E6",null,null,"In the Indies == New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/20/mode/1up","Cacatua roseicapilla"],["11326","genus","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cacatua cristata [Vieillot, 1817]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 20, pp. 115, 124). = Psittacus albus Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/14/mode/1up","Cacatua"],["11327","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua leadbeateri","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.6 p.61","Pink Cockatoo","Pink Cockatoo","Pink Cockatoo","2025-0645","Taxon <em>leadbeateri </em>(polytypic) is placed in the genus <em>Cacatua </em>based on its relatively shallow genomic divergence from <em>Cacatua </em>(Smith et al. 2023), and recognition that its morphology and voice are fairly typical of the genus.","inland Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684767","pincoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pincoc1","avibase-E39FD99C",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition an description of an undescribed species of Cockatoo from New Holland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/75/mode/1up","Plyctolophus Leadbeateri"],["11328","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua leadbeateri mollis","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"inland western Australia (southern Northern Territory, western South Australia, and Western Australia excluding Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, and southwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21FFAC58",null,null,"West Australia, type said to be from Carnamah, southwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/289/mode/1up","Cacatoes leadbeateri mollis"],["11329","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua leadbeateri leadbeateri","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.6 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"inland eastern Australia (southwestern Queensland southward to northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECA7DC2D",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition an description of an undescribed species of Cockatoo from New Holland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/75/mode/1up","Plyctolophus Leadbeateri"],["11330","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua haematuropygia","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.77","Red-vented Cockatoo","Philippine Cockatoo","Philippine Cockatoo",null,null,"forest and scrub of Philippines including Palawan",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684795","phicoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phicoc1","avibase-E1E59398",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/97/mode/1up","Psittacus haematuropygius"],["11331","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua ducorpsii","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.108, pl.26","Solomons Corella","Solomons Corella","Solomons Corella",null,null,"Bougainville to Malaita and Guadalcanal (Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684823","duccoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duccoc1","avibase-D238FDA1",null,null,"Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/112/mode/1up","Cacatua DuCorpsii"],["11332","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua goffiniana","Roselaar & Michels, 2004","Zoologische Verhandelingen 350 p.7-45","Tanimbar Corella","Tanimbar Corella","Tanimbar Corella",null,null,"coastal lowlands of Tanimbar Islands (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684800","tancoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tancoc1","avibase-67EE6F84",null,null,"Saumlaki; Tanimber; Indonesia: Propinsi Maluku: Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara: Kepulauan Tanimbar: Pulau Yamdena: Saumlaki","Systematic notes on Asian birds. 48. Nomenclatural chaos untangled, resulting in the naming of the formally undescribed Cacatua species from the Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/43942","Cacatua goffiniana"],["11333","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua pastinator","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.175","Western Corella","Western Corella","Western Corella",null,null,"southwestern, western, and south-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684816","wescor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wescor1","avibase-1E85ABE4",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/901/mode/1up","Licmetis pastinator"],["11334","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua pastinator pastinator","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Western Australia (between Tonebridge, Lake Muir and Frankland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47727876",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/901/mode/1up","Licmetis pastinator"],["11335","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua pastinator derbyi","(Mathews, 1916)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 3, no.3 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Western Australia (Dongara to Moora and Quairading)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C4E8572",null,null,"Derby, northwestern Australia.","List of additions of new sub-species to, and changes in, my List of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103880#page/71/mode/1up","Licmetis tenuirostris derbyi"],["11336","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua tenuirostris","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.88","Long-billed Corella","Long-billed Corella","Long-billed Corella",null,null,"southeastern Australia (southwestern South Australia to southeastern New South Wales); introduced southwestern Australia, Tasmania, and eastern Australia north to Cairns",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684820","lobcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobcor1","avibase-F2A2FB6A",null,null,"New Holland = vicinity of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/156/mode/1up","Psittacus tenuirostris"],["11337","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sanguinea","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.138","Little Corella","Little Corella","Little Corella",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and Australia (except southwestern and southcentral)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684813","litcor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litcor2","avibase-5F5EBCF5",null,null,"North coast of Australia = Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/290/mode/1up","Cacatua sanguinea"],["11338","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sanguinea transfreta","Mees, 1982","Zoologische Verhandelingen 191 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7737092",null,null,"Koerik, New Guinea","Birds from the lowlands of southern New Guinea (Merauke and Koembe).","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149144","Cacatua pastinator transfreta"],["11339","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sanguinea sanguinea","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northwestern Western Australia, to south of Gulf of Carpentaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B35776F",null,null,"North coast of Australia = Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/290/mode/1up","Cacatua sanguinea"],["11340","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sanguinea westralensis","(Mathews, 1917)","The birds of Australia 6 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Geraldton to Esperance)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D279A4E",null,null,"Murchison, mid-west Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224562#page/267/mode/1up","Ducorpsius sanguineus westralensis"],["11341","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sanguinea gymnopis","Sclater, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.490,493,textfig.",null,null,null,null,null,"inland southern to eastern Australia (Pilbara region, western Australia, central and eastern Australia south of northern Northern Territory and northern Queensland) including Tasmania and Kangaroo Island, off South Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E09E8011",null,null,"South Australia","Notes on rare or little-known Animals now or lately living in the Society's Gardens. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/596/mode/1up","Cacatua gymnopis"],["11342","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sanguinea normantoni","(Mathews, 1917)","The birds of Australia 6 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FEB8A62",null,null,"Normanton, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224562#page/267/mode/1up","Ducorpsius sanguineus normantoni"],["11343","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua alba","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.76","White Cockatoo","White Cockatoo","White Cockatoo",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Bacan, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, and adjacent islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684789","whicoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whicoc1","avibase-AF71785D",null,null,"Moluccan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/96/mode/1up","Psittacus albus"],["11344","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua ophthalmica","Sclater, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.188","Blue-eyed Cockatoo","Blue-eyed Cockatoo","Blue-eyed Cockatoo",null,null,"New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728429","blecoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blecoc1","avibase-54B51CFD",null,null,"Type an aviary specimen thought to have come from the Solomon Islands = New Britain.","On a New Species of White Cockatoo living in the Society's Gardens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/244/mode/1up","Cacatua ophthalmica"],["11345","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua moluccensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.331","Salmon-crested Cockatoo","Salmon-crested Cockatoo","Salmon-crested Cockatoo",null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Saparua, and Haruku)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684784","saccoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saccoc","avibase-0B5492FA",null,null,"Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/343/mode/1up","Psittacus moluccensis"],["11346","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua galerita","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.109","Sulphur-crested Cockatoo","Sulphur-crested Cockatoo","Sulphur-crested Cockatoo",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands, and northern and eastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684781","succoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/succoc","avibase-3F907C52",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/131/mode/1up","Psittacus galeritus"],["11347","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua galerita triton","Temminck, 1849","Coup-d'oeil général sur les possessions Néerlandaises dans l'Inde Archipélagique 3 p.405,note",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02362B05",null,null,"New Guinea = Aiduma Island, near Triton Bay.",null,null,"Cacatua triton"],["11348","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua galerita eleonora","Finsch, 1863","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1 p.XXI",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9C1ACB2",null,null,"Unknown.","Naamlijst der in de Diergaarde levende papegaaijen, ten dienste der bezoekers van den tuin ingerigt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45346#page/433/mode/1up","Cacatua eleonora"],["11349","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua galerita fitzroyi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Gulf of Carpentaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A65B6CC7",null,null,"Fitzroy River, northwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/288/mode/1up","Cacatoes galerita fitzroyi"],["11350","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua galerita galerita","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to southeastern South Australia, including Tasmania, Kangaroo Island, off South Australia, and King Island, northwest of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95EED05D",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/131/mode/1up","Psittacus galeritus"],["11351","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua citrinocristata","(Fraser, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.132 p.38","Citron-crested Cockatoo","Citron-crested Cockatoo","Citron-crested Cockatoo","2025-0646","Taxon <em>citrinocristata </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cacatua sulphurea</em> based on adult plumage (Collar &amp; Marsden 2014), and difference in juvenile bill color (Schliebusch &amp; Schliebusch 2001). Although <em>C. sulphurea</em> and <em>C. citrinocristata</em> were recovered as non-monophyletic based on analysis of a short mitochondrial DNA segment (Schliebusch &amp; Schliebusch 2001), these results require verification.","Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200296433","yeccoc5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeccoc5","avibase-A6C18444",null,null,"Aviary specimen without locality = Sumba.","Description of three New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/50/mode/1up","Plyctolophus citrino-cristatus"],["11352","species","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sulphurea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.330","Yellow-crested Cockatoo","Yellow-crested Cockatoo","Yellow-crested Cockatoo","2025-0646","Taxon <em>citrinocristata </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cacatua sulphurea</em> based on adult plumage (Collar &amp; Marsden 2014), and difference in juvenile bill color (Schliebusch &amp; Schliebusch 2001). Although <em>C. sulphurea</em> and <em>C. citrinocristata</em> were recovered as non-monophyletic based on analysis of a short mitochondrial DNA segment (Schliebusch &amp; Schliebusch 2001), these results require verification.","Sulawesi region and Lesser Sundas",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200296187","yeccoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeccoc1","avibase-B8645BCF",null,null,"Moluccas, i.e. Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/342/mode/1up","Psittacus sulphureus"],["11353","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sulphurea sulphurea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Muna and Buton (off southeast); now very rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-378AF277",null,null,"Moluccas, i.e. Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/342/mode/1up","Psittacus sulphureus"],["11354","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sulphurea abbotti","(Oberholser, 1917)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 54, no.2232 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Masalembu Besar Island (Java Sea); critically endangered",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA68691C",null,null,"Solombo Besar Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on various islands in the Java Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53568#page/243/mode/1up","Kakatoe parvulus abbotti"],["11355","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sulphurea djampeana","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.164.",null,null,null,null,null,"islands in the Flores Sea: Tanahjampea Islands (Kayuadi, Tanahjampea, Kalao, Kalaotoa, and Madu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCC0A342",null,null,"Djampea.","Mr. William Doherty's bird-collections from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/180/mode/1up","Cacatua sulphurea djampeana"],["11356","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sulphurea occidentalis","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.120.",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Padar, Rinca, Flores, Pantar, and Alor); probably extirpated on Lombok, and critically rare on Sumbawa and Flores",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF995BE2",null,null,"Lombok.","List of birds collected in Timor by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/136/mode/1up","Cacatua parvula occidentalis"],["11357","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sulphurea parvula","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"central Lesser Sundas (Roti, Semau, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1B5E68B",null,null,"No locality = Samao.","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26392#page/149/mode/1up","Plyctolophus parvulus"],["11358","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Cacatuidae","Cockatoos","Cacatua sulphurea paulandrewi","Collar & Marsden, 2014","Forktail 30 p.26 [23-27]",null,null,null,null,null,"Tukangbesi Islands (Wangi-wangi, Tomea, and Binongko), southeast of Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7711FB51",null,null,"type specimen AMNH 619651, a male taken at Wanci (Wangiwangi Island) on 3 December 1901 by H. Kuhn.",null,"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279045888","Cacatua sulphurea paulandrewi"],["11359","family","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacidae",null,null,"African and New World Parrots","New World and African Parrots",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"psitta3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/psitta3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11360","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus erithacus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 52).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/114/mode/1up","Psittacus"],["11361","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacus timneh","Fraser, 1844","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.132 p.38","Timneh Parrot","Timneh Parrot","Timneh Parrot","2025-0643","Taxon <em>timneh </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Psittacus erithacus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA (Melo &amp; O'Ryan 2007) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) support separation of nominate <em>P. timneh,</em> but the placement of subspecies <em>princeps </em>is more controversial. Based on plumage birds on Príncipe align with <em>erithacus, </em>but mtDNA suggest that <em>princeps </em>is better placed with <em>timneh </em>(Melo &amp; O'Ryan 2007). It is possible that both taxa now occur on Príncipe (with <em>erithacus </em>a recent arrival); further research needed.","southern Guinea to Sierra Leone, Liberia, Mali, and western Ivory Coast",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736498","grypar10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grypar10","avibase-7D6F6D08",null,null,"Timneh country. Sierra Leone.","Description of three New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/50/mode/1up","Psittacus Timneh"],["11362","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacus erithacus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.99","Grey Parrot","Gray Parrot","Grey Parrot","2025-0643","Taxon <em>timneh </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Psittacus erithacus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA (Melo &amp; O'Ryan 2007) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) support separation of nominate <em>P. timneh,</em> but the placement of subspecies <em>princeps </em>is more controversial. Based on plumage birds on Príncipe align with <em>erithacus, </em>but mtDNA suggest that <em>princeps </em>is better placed with <em>timneh </em>(Melo &amp; O'Ryan 2007). It is possible that both taxa now occur on Príncipe (with <em>erithacus </em>a recent arrival); further research needed.","lowland to montane forest, savanna woodland, plantations, and mangroves, from southeastern Ivory Coast eastward through southern Nigeria, and Príncipe and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania, and southward to northwestern Angola and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo; introduced on São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724813","grepar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grepar","avibase-A20878F0",null,null,"Guinea, error, I designate Gold Coast Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus erithacus"],["11363","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacus erithacus erithacus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Ivory Coast to Kenya, Tanzania, Príncipe, São Tomé, and Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DE7F2AD",null,null,"Guinea, error, I designate Gold Coast Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus erithacus"],["11364","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacus erithacus princeps","Alexander, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.74",null,null,null,"2025-0643","Taxon <em>timneh </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Psittacus erithacus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA (Melo &amp; O'Ryan 2007) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) support separation of nominate <em>P. timneh,</em> but the placement of subspecies <em>princeps </em>is more controversial. Based on plumage birds on Príncipe align with <em>erithacus, </em>but mtDNA suggest that <em>princeps </em>is better placed with <em>timneh </em>(Melo &amp; O'Ryan 2007). It is possible that both taxa now occur on Príncipe (with <em>erithacus </em>a recent arrival); further research needed.","Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EF40EA2",null,null,"Principe Island.","Description of a new species of Grey Parrot from Princes Island, W. Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/446/mode/1up","Psittacus princeps"],["11365","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus senegalus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 52).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/325/mode/1up","Poicephalus"],["11366","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus gulielmi","(Jardine, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology p.64-14, pl.28","Red-fronted Parrot","Red-fronted Parrot","Red-fronted Parrot",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, juniper woodland, and plantations, from Liberia and Ivory Coast eastward to central Kenya, and northern Tanzania, and southward to northwestern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685291","refpar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refpar5","avibase-83D329B5",null,null,"River Congo, west coast of Africa","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/245/mode/1up","Pionus gulielmi"],["11367","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus gulielmi fantiensis","Neumann, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.2 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia to Ivory Coast and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-961B86C0",null,null,"Fanti, Gold Coast.","Notes on African birds in the Tring Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/401/mode/1up","Poicephalus gulielmi fantiensis"],["11368","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus gulielmi gulielmi","(Jardine, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology p.64-14, pl.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to northern Angola eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E03C97F",null,null,"River Congo, west coast of Africa","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/245/mode/1up","Pionus gulielmi"],["11369","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus gulielmi massaicus","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA1F6D93",null,null,"Meru Mountain, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/191/mode/1up","Poeocephalus massaicus"],["11370","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus robustus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.344","Cape Parrot","Cape Parrot","Cape Parrot",null,null,"southern and eastern South Africa (Eastern Cape and southern KwaZulu-Natal; isolated population at Woodbush forest, Limpopo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/119194858","bnnpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnnpar2","avibase-2F4B17A7",null,null,"No locality = South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/356/mode/1up","Psittacus robustus"],["11371","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus fuscicollis","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.93","Brown-necked Parrot","Brown-necked Parrot","Brown-necked Parrot",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane riparian forest, miombo and mopane woodland, and wooded areas with baobabs or Borassus palms, from Senegambia eastward to east-central Nigeria, and southward to northwestern Angola and lower River Congo, and from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and eastern Tanzania southward to southern Angola, northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa; post-breeding wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732670","brnpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnpar1","avibase-0EB10DB3",null,null,"No locality = Gambia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/161/mode/1up","Psittacus fuscicollis"],["11372","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus fuscicollis fuscicollis","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Nigeria; populations along the lower Congo River may be intermediate between Brown-necked Parrot (Brown-necked) Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis and Brown-necked Parrot (Gray-headed) Poicephalus robustus suahelicus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57C14523",null,null,"No locality = Gambia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/161/mode/1up","Psittacus fuscicollis"],["11373","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus","Reichenow, 1898","Journal für Ornithologie 46, no.2 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola; southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Tanzania southward to Zimbabwe, northern Mozambique, and far northeastern South Africa; populations along the lower Congo River may be intermediate between Brown-necked Parrot (Brown-necked) Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis and Brown-necked Parrot (Gray-headed) Poicephalus robustus suahelicus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F4B15B3",null,null,"East Africa; type from Msua, near Bagamoyo, Tanganyika Territory.","[Über eine Anzahl afrikanischer Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104359#page/330/mode/1up","Poicephalus suahelicus"],["11374","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus rufiventris","(Rüppell, 1842)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.83 pl.32","Red-bellied Parrot","Red-bellied Parrot","Red-bellied Parrot",null,null,"lowland short-grass savanna, arid country with baobabs, thornscrub, and riverine forest, from eastern Ethiopia and Somalia southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685312","rebpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpar1","avibase-69661C7D",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/147/mode/1up","Pionus rufiventris"],["11375","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus rufiventris pallidus","Van Someren, 1922","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"dry thornbush of eastern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D46127BD",null,null,"Burao, Northern Somaliland.","Notes on the birds of East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/63/mode/1up","Poicephalus rufiventris pallidus"],["11376","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus rufiventris rufiventris","(Rüppell, 1842)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.83 pl.32",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ethiopia to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B5E3F5F",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/147/mode/1up","Pionus rufiventris"],["11377","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus senegalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.149","Senegal Parrot","Senegal Parrot","Senegal Parrot",null,null,"lowland savanna, open woodland, and open areas with borassus palms, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to northern Central African Republic, and southward to Ghana and northern Cameroon, north of rainforest belt; seasonal movements with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685295","senpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/senpar","avibase-D7F9C6B5",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/153/mode/1up","Psittacus Senegalus"],["11378","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus senegalus senegalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia and Guinea-Bissau to southern Niger, northern Cameroon, and southwestern Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1794C749",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/153/mode/1up","Psittacus Senegalus"],["11379","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus senegalus versteri","Finsch, 1863","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1 p.XVI",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Ivory Coast to southwestern Nigeria (south of range of senegalus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78823D07",null,null,"Coast of Guinea, i.e. Gold Coast.","Naamlijst der in de Diergaarde levende papegaaijen, ten dienste der bezoekers van den tuin ingerigt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45346#page/428/mode/1up","Poicephalus Versteri"],["11380","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus flavifrons","(Rüppell, 1842)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.81 pl.31","Yellow-fronted Parrot","Yellow-fronted Parrot","Yellow-fronted Parrot",null,null,"montane forest of Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685308","yefpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefpar4","avibase-8413D9A5",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/148/mode/1up","Pionus flavifrons"],["11381","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus crassus","(Sharpe, 1884)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 17 p.429","Niam-niam Parrot","Niam-Niam Parrot","Niam-niam Parrot",null,null,"southwestern Chad, Central African Republic, far northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far southwestern South Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685299","ninpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ninpar1","avibase-6C96E81B",null,null,"Ndoruma, upper Uelle River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98664#page/445/mode/1up","Pionias crassus"],["11382","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus cryptoxanthus","(Peters, 1854)","Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.371","Brown-headed Parrot","Brown-headed Parrot","Brown-headed Parrot",null,null,"lowland to foothill wooded savanna, thornscrub, open country with large baobabs, plantations, and mangroves, from southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar), southward to Eswatini and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685317","brhpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhpar2","avibase-4A039821",null,null,"Inhambane, Mozambique.","[Hr. Peters legte ferner zu seinem Reisewerke gehörige Abbildungen von zwei neuen Papageien vor.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/379/mode/1up","Psittacus (Poiocephalus) cryptoxanthus"],["11383","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae","Bowen, 1930","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 82 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to Malawi, northern Mozambique, Zanzibar, and Pemba Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-664B73C2",null,null,"Kilosa district, Tanganyika Territory.","Geographical variation in Poicephalus fuscicapillus.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064074","Poicephalus fuscicapillus tanganyikae"],["11384","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus","(Peters, 1854)","Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique (south of Save River) to northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E49BE4EB",null,null,"Inhambane, Mozambique.","[Hr. Peters legte ferner zu seinem Reisewerke gehörige Abbildungen von zwei neuen Papageien vor.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/379/mode/1up","Psittacus (Poiocephalus) cryptoxanthus"],["11385","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus rueppellii","(Gray, 1849)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.188 p.125 pl.5","Rüppell's Parrot","Rüppell's Parrot","Rüppell's Parrot",null,null,"arid southwestern Angola to central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685321","ruepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruepar1","avibase-E37F25F7",null,null,"Nunez River, French Guinea, error = Damaraland (Peters 1937); further restricted to Swakop River, Damaraland, Namibia (MacDonald 1957), but corrected to Luanda, [Angola] by Hubers et al. 2023","Description a new species of Parrot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/171/mode/1up","Psittacus Rüppellii"],["11386","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus rueppellii rueppellii","(Gray, 1849)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.188 p.125 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern to west-central Angola (Benguela and Luanda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3B3F207",null,null,"Nunez River, French Guinea, error = Damaraland (Peters 1937); further restricted to Swakop River, Damaraland, Namibia (MacDonald 1957), but corrected to Luanda, [Angola] by Hubers et al. 2023","Description a new species of Parrot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/171/mode/1up","Psittacus Rüppellii"],["11387","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus rueppellii mariettae","Hubers & Schnitker, 2022","Papageien [Arndt] 35 p.71-77",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A04F6479",null,null,"Tree savanna near the settlement of Otjimbingwe, Damaraland, Erongo, Namibia","Der Mariette-Papagei, eine neue Unterart des Rüppell-Papageis",null,"Poicephalus rueppellii mariettae"],["11388","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus meyeri","(Cretzschmar, 1827)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.18 pl.11","Meyer's Parrot","Meyer's Parrot","Brown Parrot",null,null,"foothill and montane savanna, riparian and miombo woodland, and riverine forest, from northeastern Cameroon and southern Chad eastward to Eritrea and western Ethiopia, and southward through Uganda, western Kenya to northeastern Namibia and northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685304","meypar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meypar1","avibase-0ECD9D58",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/198/mode/1up","Psittacus Meyeri"],["11389","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus meyeri meyeri","(Cretzschmar, 1827)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.18 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Cameroon to southern Chad, southern Sudan (and South Sudan?), western Ethiopia, and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF965744",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/198/mode/1up","Psittacus Meyeri"],["11390","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus meyeri saturatus","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-074921DC",null,null,"Northern Ankole, 3000 feet.","[Description of two apparently new species of birds from Sir Harry Johnston's collection].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/225/mode/1up","Poeocephalus saturatus"],["11391","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus meyeri matschiei","Neumann, 1898","Journal für Ornithologie 46, no.3 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Tanzania, eastern Angola, northern Zambia, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E7DC20B",null,null,"Ugogo, Tanganyilca Territory.","[Über einige, dem Poicephalus meyeri (Cretzschm.) nahestehende Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104359#page/517/mode/1up","Poicephalus matschiei"],["11392","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus meyeri reichenowi","Neumann, 1898","Journal für Ornithologie 46, no.3 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC6676F4",null,null,"Malange and Quango, Angola.","[Über einige, dem Poicephalus meyeri (Cretzschm.) nahestehende Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104359#page/517/mode/1up","Poicephalus reichenowi"],["11393","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus meyeri damarensis","Neumann, 1898","Journal für Ornithologie 46, no.3 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Angola to northern Namibia and north-central Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA1D5137",null,null,"Ochimbora, Damaraland.","[Über einige, dem Poicephalus meyeri (Cretzschm.) nahestehende Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104359#page/517/mode/1up","Poicephalus damarensis"],["11394","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Poicephalus meyeri transvaalensis","Neumann, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia to northern Mozambique, eastern Botswana, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7ED5E1F",null,null,"Transvaal.","Neue und wenig bekannte afrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/41/mode/1up","Poicephalus meyeri transvaalensis"],["11395","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psilopsiagon","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trichoglossus aurifrons [Wagler]; type by original designation and monotypy = Psittacus aurifrons Lesson, 1831",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/134/mode/1up","Psilopsiagon"],["11396","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psilopsiagon aymara","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 vol.2 p.376,note1","Grey-hooded Parakeet","Gray-hooded Parakeet","Grey-hooded Parakeet",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685900","gyhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhpar1","avibase-2F6F57F8",null,null,"Quebrada de Palca, Tacna, Chile, error = Sicasica, south of La Paz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193812#page/388/mode/1up","Arara aymara"],["11397","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psilopsiagon aurifrons","(Lesson, 1831)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) 2 p.63 pl.18","Mountain Parakeet","Mountain Parakeet","Mountain Parakeet",null,null,"montane arid scrub, riparian thickets, and cactus scrubland in the Andes from northern Peru in the upper Marañón Valley (Cajamarca), southward in the Andes of Peru to northern Chile, and northwestern and west-central Argentina (to Mendoza and adjacent Chile, and the sierras of Córdoba and San Luis)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685907","moupar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moupar2","avibase-AE9BD88B",null,null,"New Zealand, error = Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/101/mode/1up","Psittacus (Lathamus) aurifrons"],["11398","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psilopsiagon aurifrons robertsi","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E136DFA7",null,null,"Soquián, 8000 feet, Marañón Valley, Dept. Libertad, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Psilopsiagon aurifrons robertsi"],["11399","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psilopsiagon aurifrons aurifrons","(Lesson, 1831)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) 2 p.63 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal regions and adjacent west slopes of Andes of central and southern Peru (southward to Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57D56166",null,null,"New Zealand, error = Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/101/mode/1up","Psittacus (Lathamus) aurifrons"],["11400","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psilopsiagon aurifrons margaritae","(Berlioz & Dorst, 1956)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 26, vol.2 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Puno) and west-central Bolivia to northern Chile (Antofagasta) and far northwestern Argentina (to northern Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1AE676E",null,null,"typique de l’ «altiplano» péruvien et bolivien, au-dessus de 3.500 mètres","Quelle est l'identité du Bolborhynchus orbignesius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/315118#page/10/mode/1up","Bolborhynchus aurifrons Margaritae"],["11401","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psilopsiagon aurifrons rubrirostris","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (southern Catamarca to Mendoza and Córdoba) and central Chile (Santiago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-388816AF",null,null,"Sierra de Mendoza and Sierra de Córdoba, Argentina; the type is from the Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza, fide Hellmayr.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/255/mode/1up","Conurus rubrirostris"],["11402","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Nannopsittaca","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Brotogerys panychlorus [Salvin & Godman, 1883]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/134/mode/1up","Nannopsittaca"],["11403","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Nannopsittaca panychlora","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.211 pl.9 fig.1","Tepui Parrotlet","Tepui Parrotlet","Tepui Parrotlet",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, southern Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685997","teppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/teppar1","avibase-7F285393",null,null,"Mount Roraima, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/259/mode/1up","Brotogerys panychlorus"],["11404","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Nannopsittaca dachilleae","O'Neill, Munn & Franke, 1991","The Auk 108, no.2 p.225,226","Manu Parrotlet","Amazonian Parrotlet","Amazonian Parrotlet",null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia (probably adjacent western Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686000","amapar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amapar1","avibase-E603F9E5",null,null,"ca. 65 km ENE of Pucallpa,right bank of the Río Shesha, Dpto. Ucayali, Peru (8 8'S, 74 2'W),300m elevation,collected 29 July 1987 by Gabriel Ballon","Nannopsittaca dachilleae, a new species of parrotlet from eastern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol108/iss2/1/","Nannopsittaca dachilleae"],["11405","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Bolborhynchus","Bonaparte, 1857","Remarques à propos des observations de M. Émile Blanchard sur les caractères ostéologiques chez les oiseaux de la famille des Psittacides, et tableau des genres de perroquets disposés en séries parallèles p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiopsitta catharina [Bonaparte, 1857]; type by subsequent designation (Richmond, 1915, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, p. 183). = Psittacula lineola Cassin, 1853",null,null,null,"Bolborhynchus"],["11406","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Bolborhynchus lineola","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.372","Barred Parakeet","Barred Parakeet","Barred Parakeet",null,null,"humid montane forest with abundant bamboo and mixed pine-evergreen forest in montane southern Mexico (Veracruz, adjacent Puebla, and northern Oaxaca) southward across Guatemala to northern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama, coastal mountains of central Venezuela, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northernmost Peru, and locally in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685913","barpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barpar1","avibase-0AD53589",null,null,"National Bridge, Mexico = Puente Nacional, Vera Cruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/394/mode/1up","Psittacula lineola"],["11407","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Bolborhynchus lineola lineola","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of southern Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE31A543",null,null,"National Bridge, Mexico = Puente Nacional, Vera Cruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/394/mode/1up","Psittacula lineola"],["11408","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Bolborhynchus lineola tigrinus","(de Souancé, 1856)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from Venezuela southward to southwestern Ecuador and to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz); also coastal cordillera of Venezuela (Aragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-449A70A7",null,null,"Venezuela.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Perroquet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/150/mode/1up","Myiopsitta tigrina"],["11409","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons","(Lawrence, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.14 p.238","Rufous-fronted Parakeet","Rufous-fronted Parakeet","Rufous-fronted Parakeet",null,null,"central Andes of western Colombia (Tolima and Cauca)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685919","rufpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufpar1","avibase-2706D697",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of two new Species of Parrots and a new Pigeon from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/262/mode/1up","Brotogerys ferrugineifrons"],["11410","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Bolborhynchus orbygnesius","(de Souancé, 1856)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.63,64","Andean Parakeet","Andean Parakeet","Andean Parakeet",null,null,"Andes of Peru and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685916","andpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andpar1","avibase-145BB516",null,null,"Bolivia i.e. Yungas, ex Icon. Perr., text to pl. 24.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/69/mode/1up","Myiopsitta Orbygnesia"],["11411","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.89",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus huetii [Temminck, 1830]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/101/mode/1up","Touit"],["11412","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit stictopterus","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.112 pl.11","Spot-winged Parrotlet","Spot-winged Parrotlet","Spot-winged Parrotlet",null,null,"locally in Andes of southern Colombia to Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686066","spwpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwpar2","avibase-72692065",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/142/mode/1up","Urochroma stictoptera"],["11413","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit dilectissimus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.788 pl.47","Blue-fronted Parrotlet","Blue-fronted Parrotlet","Blue-fronted Parrotlet",null,null,"humid eastern Panama to northwestern Venezuela and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686021","bufpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufpar1","avibase-D8C977FC",null,null,"South of Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/908/mode/1up","Urochroma dilectissima"],["11414","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit costaricensis","(Cory, 1913)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.283","Red-fronted Parrotlet","Red-fronted Parrotlet","Red-fronted Parrotlet",null,null,"humid foothill forest of southeastern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686017","refpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refpar1","avibase-F30DC53E",null,null,"Near Puerto Limon, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/9/mode/1up","Urochroma costaricensis"],["11415","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit huetii","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.83, vol.4 pl.491","Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet","Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet","Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet",null,null,"patchily distributed northern South America to northern Bolivia and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686014","scspar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scspar1","avibase-2BFD2184",null,null,"'Probably from Peru'; upper Amazonia, substituted by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 287.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/25/mode/1up","Psittacus huetii"],["11416","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit batavicus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49","Lilac-tailed Parrotlet","Lilac-tailed Parrotlet","Lilac-tailed Parrotlet",null,null,"northern Venezuela to Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686006","litpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litpar2","avibase-D61A8FB2",null,null,"Batavia, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 791, error, Venezuela substituted by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 287.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Psittaca Batavica"],["11417","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit melanonotus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.273 (or p.275), note","Brown-backed Parrotlet","Brown-backed Parrotlet","Brown-backed Parrotlet",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686037","brbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbpar1","avibase-629451DA",null,null,"Vigoza, between Mucuri and Caravelles, on the coast of extreme southern Bahia, Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/291/mode/1up","Psittacus melanonotus"],["11418","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit surdus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.59","Golden-tailed Parrotlet","Golden-tailed Parrotlet","Golden-tailed Parrotlet",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to São Paulo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686054","gotpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gotpar2","avibase-9C59337D",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/127/mode/1up","Psittacus surdus"],["11419","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit purpuratus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.350","Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet","Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet","Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet",null,null,"tropical rainforest and montane forest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to the western Amazon of southeastern Colombia, northeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru, and in Brazil along the Amazon River eastward to northeastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686029","sarpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sarpar2","avibase-520D149F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/362/mode/1up","Psittacus purpuratus"],["11420","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit purpuratus purpuratus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E90856D0",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/362/mode/1up","Psittacus purpuratus"],["11421","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Touit purpuratus viridiceps","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBE8CD7A",null,null,"Savanna Grande, 330 feet, southeastern base of Mount Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Touit purpurata viridiceps"],["11422","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus","Boie, 1858","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.35 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus passerinus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 446).  ",null,"Bemerkungen, Beobachtungen und Anfragen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/843/mode/1up","Forpus"],["11423","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus modestus","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.727","Dusky-billed Parrotlet","Dusky-billed Parrotlet","Dusky-billed Parrotlet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin of southern Venezuela southwestward across eastern Colombia and Ecuador to eastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia, and west to the western Amazon of Brazil in Amazonas, Acre and Rondônia; also in northeastern Venezuela eastward locally across the Guianas to northeastern Brazil and inland along the Amazon River and Rios Tapajós and Xingu to western Pará and northern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685940","dubpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dubpar1","avibase-23C704E1",null,null,"British Guiana",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/217/mode/1up","Psittacula modesta"],["11424","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus modestus modestus","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.727",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A65690C2",null,null,"British Guiana",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/217/mode/1up","Psittacula modesta"],["11425","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus modestus sclateri","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A703FA63",null,null,"Río Javari, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/126/mode/1up","Psittacula Sclateri"],["11426","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus cyanopygius","(de Souancé, 1856)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.157","Mexican Parrotlet","Mexican Parrotlet","Mexican Parrotlet",null,null,"deciduous and riparian woodland and edge from lowlands to hills of Pacific slope of Mexico from southern Sonora to Colima; Tres Marias Islands (west of Nayarit)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685923","mexpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexpar1","avibase-64E60FBC",null,null,"No locality, Cory, Cat. Bds. Am., pt. 2, no. 1, 1918, accepts 'northwestern Mexico.'. Richmond Index has Guayaquil.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/163/mode/1up","Psittacula cyanopygia"],["11427","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus cyanopygius insularis","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.661 p.541",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F1CCA33",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/555/mode/1up","Psittacula insularis"],["11428","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus cyanopygius cyanopygius","(de Souancé, 1856)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (southeastern Sonora to Sinaloa, western Durango, and Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10F522EE",null,null,"No locality, Cory, Cat. Bds. Am., pt. 2, no. 1, 1918, accepts 'northwestern Mexico.'. Richmond Index has Guayaquil.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/163/mode/1up","Psittacula cyanopygia"],["11429","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus crassirostris","(Taczanowski, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.72","Riparian Parrotlet","Riparian Parrotlet",null,"2025-0631","Taxon <em>crassirostris</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Forpus xanthopterygius</em> based on nuclear, mitochondrial, and genomic DNA evidence (Smith et al. 2013, 2023) that<em> F. xanthopterygius sensu lato</em> is non-monophyletic with a relatively deep divergence.","southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, and western Brazil",null,null,null,"buwpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwpar2","avibase-64C68E69",null,null,"Yurimaguas, Peru.","Desciption des espèces nouvelles de la collection péruvienne de M. le Dr. Raimondi de Lima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/138/mode/1up","Psittacula crassirostris"],["11430","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus xanthopterygius","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.38, pl.34, f.1","Cobalt-rumped Parrotlet","Cobalt-rumped Parrotlet",null,"2025-0631","Taxon <em>crassirostris</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Forpus xanthopterygius</em> based on nuclear, mitochondrial, and genomic DNA evidence (Smith et al. 2013, 2023) that<em> F. xanthopterygius sensu lato</em> is non-monophyletic with a relatively deep divergence.","southeastern Peru and eastern Bolivia eastward to northeastern Brazil, and southward to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"buwpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwpar3","avibase-B07EFFE6",null,null,"Prov. Minas Geraes, Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/56/mode/1up","Psittaculus xanthopterygius"],["11431","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus xanthopterygius flavescens","(Salvadori, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26A58746",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/270/mode/1up","Psittacula flavescens"],["11432","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus xanthopterygius flavissimus","Hellmayr, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.18 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99F12388",null,null,"Tury-assú, Maranhão, Brazil.","A contribution to the ornithology of north-eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30791#page/220/mode/1up","Forpus passerinus flavissimus"],["11433","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus xanthopterygius xanthopterygius","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.38, pl.34, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B663EDB1",null,null,"Prov. Minas Geraes, Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/56/mode/1up","Psittaculus xanthopterygius"],["11434","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus spengeli","(Hartlaub, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.3, no.40 p.614 pl.38 fig.1","Turquoise-winged Parrotlet","Turquoise-winged Parrotlet","Turquoise-winged Parrotlet",null,null,"northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45428679","buwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwpar1","avibase-1694FBFF",null,null,"Barranquilla, Colombia.","On a new Species of Parrot of the Genus Psittacula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/722/mode/1up","Psittacula spengeli"],["11435","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus passerinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.103","Green-rumped Parrotlet","Green-rumped Parrotlet","Green-rumped Parrotlet",null,null,"deciduous scrub, gallery forest, and mangroves in the lowlands of northern and northeastern Colombia eastward across northern Venezuela, including Isla Margarita, to the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, and northeastern Brazil, and westward along the Amazon River to eastern Amazonas near the Rio Negro; also locally in upper Rio Branco of northern Brazil, in Roraima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685926","grrpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grrpar1","avibase-E43CCCA6",null,null,"America = Surinam by designation of Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/121/mode/1up","Psittacus passerinus"],["11436","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus passerinus cyanophanes","(Todd, 1915)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F7BA72F",null,null,"Río Hacha, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/109/mode/1up","Psittacula passerina cyanophanes"],["11437","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus passerinus viridissimus","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA612D70",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Sur le genre Psittacula et sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie et du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/182/mode/1up","Psittacula viridissima"],["11438","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus passerinus passerinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AC770CA",null,null,"America = Surinam by designation of Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/121/mode/1up","Psittacus passerinus"],["11439","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus passerinus cyanochlorus","(Schlegel, 1864)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.5 Psittaci no.26 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Brazil (upper Rio Branco region of Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C72043DB",null,null,"'Kuhl'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51509#page/41/mode/1up","Psittacula cyanochlora"],["11440","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus passerinus deliciosus","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.661 p.533,545",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (east from Rio Madeira) and Amapá, in northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2F09CDE",null,null,"Diamantina Creek, near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/547/mode/1up","Psittacula deliciosa"],["11441","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus conspicillatus","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.172","Spectacled Parrotlet","Spectacled Parrotlet","Spectacled Parrotlet",null,null,"deciduous to humid forest, gallery forest, dry scrub, and woodland from eastern Panama eastward to northern Colombia northward to the Caribbean coast and southward along the Cauca Valley (to northern Nariño, including the upper Río Patía ), and southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Huila); east of the Andes in the llanos of northeastern Colombia and adjacent far Venezuela; isolated populations in western Colombia (Valle del Cauca, Cauca, and Nariño)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685937","spepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spepar1","avibase-44585D05",null,null,"Colombia or Mexico, restricted to Honda, upper Magdalena River, by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 384.","Sur le genre Psittacula et sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie et du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/182/mode/1up","Psittacula conspicillata"],["11442","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus conspicillatus conspicillatus","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to north-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9253B906",null,null,"Colombia or Mexico, restricted to Honda, upper Magdalena River, by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 384.","Sur le genre Psittacula et sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie et du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/182/mode/1up","Psittacula conspicillata"],["11443","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus conspicillatus metae","Borrero H & Hernández-Camacho, 1961","Novedades Colombianas 1 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia to far western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74C6A1CB",null,null,"Laguna te Tanané, 15 km SE of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, alt. 325 m","Notas sobre aves de Colombia y descripcion de una nueva subespecie de Forpus conspicillatus.",null,"Forpus conspicillatus metae"],["11444","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus conspicillatus caucae","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia west of Andes (Cauca and Nariño); western Ecuador?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19F201C7",null,null,"Cali, 3500 feet, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Psittacula conspicillata caucae"],["11445","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus coelestis","(Lesson, 1847)","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 20 p.198","Pacific Parrotlet","Pacific Parrotlet","Pacific Parrotlet",null,null,"arid littoral of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685949","pacpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacpar2","avibase-2A07367C",null,null,"Peru.",null,null,"Agapornis coelestis"],["11446","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Forpus xanthops","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.19 pl.2 fig.2","Yellow-faced Parrotlet","Yellow-faced Parrotlet","Yellow-faced Parrotlet",null,null,"northern Peru (dry scrub of upper Marañón Valley)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685952","yefpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefpar2","avibase-E5C9870D",null,null,"Vina, Huamachuco, 5500 feet, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/37/mode/1up","Psittacula xanthops"],["11447","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Myiopsitta","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus murinus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 87). = Psittacus monachus Boddaert, 1783",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/160/mode/1up","Myiopsitta"],["11448","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Myiopsitta luchsi","(Finsch, 1868)","Die Papageien, monographisch bearbeitet 2 p.114,121","Cliff Parakeet","Cliff Parakeet","Cliff Parakeet","2025-0624","<em>Myiopsitta luchsi</em> (monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Myiopsitta monachus</em> (polytypic). While mitochondrial DNA (Russello et al. 2008) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) suggest low divergence, there is not yet any evidence of hybridization despite their occurrence in parapatry. <em>Myiopsitta luchsi</em> differs significantly in plumage and morphometrics, and also exhibits striking differences in voice and its choice of natural cliffs as a nest substrate, while <em>Myiopsitta monachus</em> prefers trees or maN0made substrates. Despite opportunities, there are no known examples that either one of them uses the other taxon's preferred nest substrate, suggesting they are indeed reproductively isolated.","xeric intermontane valleys of central Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45427286","monpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monpar2","avibase-FDD9A634",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104319#page/148/mode/1up","Bolborrhynchus Luchsi"],["11449","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Myiopsitta monachus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48","Monk Parakeet","Monk Parakeet","Monk Parakeet","2025-0624","<em>Myiopsitta luchsi</em> (monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Myiopsitta monachus</em> (polytypic). While mitochondrial DNA (Russello et al. 2008) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) suggest low divergence, there is not yet any evidence of hybridization despite their occurrence in parapatry. <em>Myiopsitta luchsi</em> differs significantly in plumage and morphometrics, and also exhibits striking differences in voice and its choice of natural cliffs as a nest substrate, while <em>Myiopsitta monachus</em> prefers trees or maN0made substrates. Despite opportunities, there are no known examples that either one of them uses the other taxon's preferred nest substrate, suggesting they are indeed reproductively isolated.","semiarid savanna with scattered trees and various grassland habitats in the Cerrado from south-central Brazil (in southern Mato Grosso southward to southern Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, and southern Rio Grande do Sul), and southward across Uruguay to central-eastern Argentina (to Río Negro and Chubut); also west to Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45427277","monpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monpar","avibase-35810386",null,null,"Ex Daubenton, pl. 768, no locality = Montevideo, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Psittacus monachus"],["11450","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Myiopsitta monachus cotorra","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia, Paraguay, southwestern Brazil, and northwestern Argentina (Formosa, Chaco, and Corrientes); the species is widely introduced elsewhere, primarily from nominate monachus, but populations in North America also originated in part from subspecies cotorra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64388B11",null,null,"Buenos Aires and Paraguay, restricted to Paraguay by Wetmore, antea, p. 195.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/380/mode/1up","Psittacus cotorra"],["11451","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Myiopsitta monachus monachus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina (Santa Fe to eastern Buenos Aires); species is widely introduced in North America (USA, Mexico, the Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Puerto Rico), the Canary Islands, in Europe, and in Israel; source of most introduced populations is nominate monachus, but, at least in North America, some also originated from subspecies cotorra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-840A7777",null,null,"Ex Daubenton, pl. 768, no locality = Montevideo, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/70/mode/1up","Psittacus monachus"],["11452","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Myiopsitta monachus calita","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.6 pl.82, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"western Argentina (Salta to western Córdoba, Mendoza, and La Pampa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2062E94C",null,null,"Province of Mendoza, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/175/mode/1up","Psittaca calita"],["11453","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.7 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus pyrrhopterus [Latham, 1801]; type by original designation",null,"Sketches in ornithology; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/428/mode/1up","Brotogeris"],["11454","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris tirica","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.351","Plain Parakeet","Plain Parakeet","Plain Parakeet",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia and southern Goiás to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685956","plapar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plapar1","avibase-09ABF606",null,null,"No locality, Brazil designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/363/mode/1up","Psittacus Tirica"],["11455","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris sanctithomae","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.81","Tui Parakeet","Tui Parakeet","Tui Parakeet",null,null,"varzea and riparian forest, woodland and scrub, river islands and riparian swamps in the Amazon basin from eastern Peru southward to northern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, in Acre, western Rondônia and southern Amazonas, and eastward along the Amazon River, including southeasternmost Colombia, to eastern Brazil in Amapá; possibly also in far eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685994","tuipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tuipar1","avibase-0223FDB1",null,null,"Island of St. Thomas, ex Buffon, i.e. Daubenton, Pl. enlum. pl. 456, f. 1, 'Brazilian Amazons' substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/101/mode/1up","Psittacus St. Thoma"],["11456","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris sanctithomae sanctithomae","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia through Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Madeira) to southeastern Peru and northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-555F4C85",null,null,"Island of St. Thomas, ex Buffon, i.e. Daubenton, Pl. enlum. pl. 456, f. 1, 'Brazilian Amazons' substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/101/mode/1up","Psittacus St. Thoma"],["11457","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris sanctithomae takatsukasae","Neumann, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 3 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazon basin (east from Rio Negro and Rio Madeira) of north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B8D82A0",null,null,"North bank of the lower Amazon opposite Santarem [Pará, Brazil]","Neue Unterarten südamerikanischer Vögel.",null,"Brotogerys st. thomae takatsukasae"],["11458","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris versicolurus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.75","White-winged Parakeet","White-winged Parakeet","White-winged Parakeet",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685959","whwpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwpar","avibase-B42BCB40",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus versicolurus"],["11459","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chiriri","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.359","Yellow-chevroned Parakeet","Yellow-chevroned Parakeet","Yellow-chevroned Parakeet",null,null,"deciduous to semi-humid open woodland, gallery forest, and savanna in the Cerrado and Caatinga regions from northeastern Brazil, in Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, and eastern Pará southwestward across interior Brazil to northern Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná, northern and eastern Paraguay, northernmost Argentina, and northern and eastern Bolivia, and in the southern Amazon of Brazil westward to Rondônia and southeastern Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685963","yecpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecpar","avibase-1FEC3F95",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 283.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/377/mode/1up","Psittacus chiriri"],["11460","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chiriri chiriri","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia to Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D020A18",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 283.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/377/mode/1up","Psittacus chiriri"],["11461","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chiriri behni","Neumann, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 3 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07B57905",null,null,"Villa Montes, Río Pilcomayo, Bolivia.",null,null,"Brotogerys versicolurus behni"],["11462","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris pyrrhoptera","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxii","Grey-cheeked Parakeet","Gray-cheeked Parakeet","Grey-cheeked Parakeet",null,null,"arid scrub of western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685966","gycpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycpar1","avibase-E8B22F41",null,null,"Brazil, error Guayaquil, Ecuador, substituted by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 261.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/28/mode/1up","Psittacus pyrrhopterus"],["11463","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris jugularis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.80","Orange-chinned Parakeet","Orange-chinned Parakeet","Orange-chinned Parakeet",null,null,"deciduous to semi-deciduous woodland, gallery forest in llanos, and savannas from the Pacific slope of southern Mexico, in Chiapas, southeastward to Panama, and on the Caribbean slope from southern Nicaragua to eastern Panama; in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in western Colombia to Valle del Cauca and southward in interior Colombia to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena and Río Cauca; east of the Andes from central Venezuela, in Anzoategui and northern Bolívar, southwestward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685980","orcpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcpar","avibase-C360AA2F",null,null,"America, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 190, f . 1, restricted to Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia, by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 261.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/100/mode/1up","Psittacus jugularis"],["11464","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris jugularis jugularis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Mexico to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39CC2D8C",null,null,"America, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 190, f . 1, restricted to Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia, by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 261.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/100/mode/1up","Psittacus jugularis"],["11465","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris jugularis exsul","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E21AD6D7",null,null,"Sierra de Carabobo, Venezuela.","New genera, species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/155/mode/1up","Brotogeris jugularis exsul"],["11466","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris cyanoptera","(Pelzeln, 1870)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.260","Cobalt-winged Parakeet","Cobalt-winged Parakeet","Cobalt-winged Parakeet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz) and western Brazil (eastward to central Amazonas and northern Rondônia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685983","cowpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cowpar1","avibase-14FCAD62",null,null,"G. R. Gray",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/270/mode/1up","Sittace cyanoptera"],["11467","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris cyanoptera cyanoptera","(Pelzeln, 1870)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and west-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CED2641E",null,null,"G. R. Gray",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/270/mode/1up","Sittace cyanoptera"],["11468","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris cyanoptera gustavi","Berlepsch, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.181 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (upper Río Huallaga Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42CBDEC1",null,null,"Tuanfué, upper Huallaga River, Peru.","Descriptions of two new Birds from Northern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/211/mode/1up","Brotogerys gustavi"],["11469","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris cyanoptera beniensis","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33A no.12 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D95F762",null,null,"Victoria, Union de los Ríos Madre de Dios y Beni, Bolivia","Preliminary diagnoses of some new Birds from Bolivia.",null,"Brotogeris gustavi beniensis"],["11470","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chrysoptera","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.149","Golden-winged Parakeet","Golden-winged Parakeet","Golden-winged Parakeet",null,null,"tropical rainforest, and humid and varzea forest in coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela, the Orinoco and Amazon basins of eastern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward across central and eastern Amazonian Brazil (westward to central Amazonas, eastward to western Maranhão and northern Tocantins) to northern Bolivia (Pando and northern Beni)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685986","gowpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowpar2","avibase-ECE896E2",null,null,"India, error, Guiana designated as type locality by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/153/mode/1up","Psittacus chrysopterus"],["11471","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chrysoptera chrysoptera","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil (Roraima eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-552105ED",null,null,"India, error, Guiana designated as type locality by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/153/mode/1up","Psittacus chrysopterus"],["11472","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chrysoptera tenuifrons","Friedmann, 1945","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (upper Rio Negro in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCA609FF",null,null,"Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil","Two new birds from the Upper Rio Negro, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/156/mode/1up","Brotogeris chrysopterus tenuifrons"],["11473","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chrysoptera solimoensis","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33A no.12 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (Codajas and Manaus regions)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C6795AC",null,null,"Codajar, Rio Solimões (north bank), Estado do Amazonas, Brazil","Preliminary descriptions of some new Birds from the Brazilian Amazonas.",null,"Brotogeris chrysopterus solimoensis"],["11474","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chrysoptera tuipara","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to northeastern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4672C2C",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/360/mode/1up","Psittacus Tuipara"],["11475","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Brotogeris chrysoptera chrysosema","Sclater, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (Rio Madeira and tributaries southward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D7BF1AF",null,null,"Brazil, type from Cachoeira das Pederneiras, Rio Madeira.","Characters of Three New American Parrots.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/370/mode/1up","Brotogerys chrysosema"],["11476","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionopsitta","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus pileatus [Scopoli, 1769]; type by monotypy",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/162/mode/1up","Pionopsitta"],["11477","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionopsitta pileata","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.32","Pileated Parrot","Pileated Parrot","Pileated Parrot",null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686090","recpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recpar3","avibase-7E10A5B9",null,null,"No locality; southeastern Brazil designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 92.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/36/mode/1up","Psittacus pileatus"],["11478","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Triclaria","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus cyanogaster [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy = Psittacus malachitaceus von Spix, 1824",null,null,null,"Triclaria"],["11479","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Triclaria malachitacea","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.40, pl.28","Blue-bellied Parrot","Blue-bellied Parrot","Blue-bellied Parrot",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686419","blbpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpar4","avibase-F04B1141",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/58/mode/1up","Psittacus malachitaceus"],["11480","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus amazoninus [Des Murs, 1845]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/134/mode/1up","Hapalopsittaca"],["11481","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca melanotis","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.67","Black-winged Parrot","Black-winged Parrot","Black-winged Parrot",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes from central Peru, from southern San Martin, southeastward to Cusco and adjacent Ayacucho, and in the Andes of Bolivia from La Paz southeastward to western Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686155","blwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwpar1","avibase-91F5CA1B",null,null,"Bolivia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Bolivie et de Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/75/mode/1up","Pionus melanotis"],["11482","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca melanotis peruviana","(Carriker, 1932)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.455",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A1273D2",null,null,"Auquimarca, 10000 feet, Paucartambo River, Dept. Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064115","Pionopsitta melanotis peruvianus"],["11483","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca melanotis melanotis","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AEF7090",null,null,"Bolivia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Bolivie et de Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/75/mode/1up","Pionus melanotis"],["11484","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca amazonina","(des Murs, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.207","Rusty-faced Parrot","Rusty-faced Parrot","Rusty-faced Parrot",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of western Venezuela southwestward to central-eastern Colombia in the eastern Andes; also in the northern part of the western Andes of Colombia and in the central Andes from Antioquia southward to Huila; possibly also in northernmost Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686158","rufpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufpar2","avibase-6967FA94",null,null,"Bogotá.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/217/mode/1up","Psittacus amazoninus"],["11485","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca amazonina theresae","(Hellmayr, 1915)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far eastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98D52AC2",null,null,"El Escorial, 2500 metres, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","Neue Formen aus dem neotropischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/270/mode/1up","Pionopsitta amazonina theresae"],["11486","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca amazonina velezi","Graves & Uribe Restrepo, 1989","Wilson Bulletin 101, no.3 p.369-376,front.",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2789CD2D",null,null,"Cuenca Hidrografica de \"Río Blanco\", Municipio de Manizales, 2450 m, Dept. de Caldas, Colombia","A New Allopatric Taxon in the Hapalopsittaca Amazonina (psittacidae) Superspecies from Colombia","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol101/iss3/2/","Hapalopsittaca amazonina velezi"],["11487","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca amazonina amazonina","(des Murs, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B7DA4FC",null,null,"Bogotá.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/217/mode/1up","Psittacus amazoninus"],["11488","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops","(Salvin, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.24 p.495","Red-faced Parrot","Red-faced Parrot","Red-faced Parrot",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686168","refpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refpar2","avibase-E37691A0",null,null,"Santa Rita and San Lucas, Ecuador.","On some new Species of Birds from Western Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/523/mode/1up","Pionopsitta pyrrhops"],["11489","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Hapalopsittaca fuertesi","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.143","Fuertes's Parrot","Indigo-winged Parrot","Indigo-winged Parrot",null,null,"central Andes of Colombia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686163","inwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inwpar1","avibase-485B3D87",null,null,"Laguneta, 10340 feet, Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Pionopsitta fuertesi"],["11490","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.956.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyrilia typica [Bonaparte, 1856]; type by original designation and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/966/mode/1up","Pyrilia"],["11491","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia pulchra","(Berlepsch, 1897)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.175","Rose-faced Parrot","Rose-faced Parrot","Rose-faced Parrot",null,null,"humid forest of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686107","rofpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rofpar2","avibase-4FD2C88E",null,null,"San José, Río Dagua, Colombia.","Beschreibung vier neuer Vogelarten aus West-Columbien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/191/mode/1up","Pionopsitta pulchra"],["11492","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia haematotis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300","Brown-hooded Parrot","Brown-hooded Parrot","Brown-hooded Parrot",null,null,"forest from lowlands to mountains on Caribbean slope from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca east through southeastern Yucatan Peninsula to southern Nicaragua, thence both slopes Costa Rica and Panama to adjacent west-central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686097","brhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhpar1","avibase-B197D2D1",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Pionus haematotis"],["11493","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia haematotis haematotis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of southern Caribbean Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3827570",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Pionus haematotis"],["11494","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (east of Canal Zone) and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8DF118C",null,null,"Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama along the line of the Panama Railroad, i.e. Lion Hill, Canal Zone.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/507/mode/1up","Pionius coccinicollaris"],["11495","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia pyrilia","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.807,note","Saffron-headed Parrot","Saffron-headed Parrot","Saffron-headed Parrot",null,null,"far eastern Panama to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686125","sahpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sahpar1","avibase-3F7F7C19",null,null,"Foot of the Sierra Nevada, Río Hacha, New Grenada, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Première communication : Perroquets et Rapaces.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/817/mode/1up","Psittacula pyrilia"],["11496","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia caica","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.128 no.137","Caica Parrot","Caica Parrot","Caica Parrot",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686136","caipar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caipar2","avibase-33487D8B",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/150/mode/1up","Psittacus Caïca"],["11497","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia barrabandi","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.61","Orange-cheeked Parrot","Orange-cheeked Parrot","Orange-cheeked Parrot",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to central Mato Grosso and westernmost Pará, mostly west of the Rio Tapajós",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686116","orcpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcpar2","avibase-05B5B7D0",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/129/mode/1up","Psittacus Barrabandi"],["11498","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia barrabandi barrabandi","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to Brazil north of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57520B51",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/129/mode/1up","Psittacus Barrabandi"],["11499","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia barrabandi aurantiigena","(Gyldenstolpe, 1951)","Arkiv för Zoologi (2) 2 p.14,67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and Brazil south of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0E525F8",null,null,"Igarapé Castanha, Rio Purus (right bank), State of Amazonas, western Brazil","The ornithology of the Rio Puries region in Western Brazil.",null,"Pionopsitta barrabandi aurantiigena"],["11500","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia vulturina","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.62","Vulturine Parrot","Vulturine Parrot","Vulturine Parrot",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686145","vulpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vulpar1","avibase-AF2DDFAE",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/130/mode/1up","Psittacus vulturinus"],["11501","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrilia aurantiocephala","(Gaban-Lima, Raposo & Höfling, 2002)","The Auk 119, no.3 p.816-819","Bald Parrot","Bald Parrot","Bald Parrot",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (middle Rio Tapajós and possibly lower Rio Madeira)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729967","balpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balpar1","avibase-B613BE89",null,null,"on the left bank of the Cururu-açu River (08 55'N, 056 40' W), in the municipality of Jacareacanga, Para´ , Brazil.  Specimen collected by R.G.-L. and M.A.R. on 26 November 1999","Description of a new species of Pionopsitta (Aves: Psittacidae) endemic to Brazil","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/119/3/815/5561817","Pionopsitta aurantiocephala"],["11502","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Graydidascalus","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus brachyurus [Kuhl & Temminck, 1820]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/157/mode/1up","Graydidascalus"],["11503","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Graydidascalus brachyurus","(Temminck & Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.72","Short-tailed Parrot","Short-tailed Parrot","Short-tailed Parrot",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and Brazil north of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686172","shtpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtpar2","avibase-44DA4D4E",null,null,"Cayenne, error = upper Amazonia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/140/mode/1up","Psittacus brachyurus"],["11504","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Alipiopsitta","Caparroz & Pacheco, 2006","Revista Brasileria de Ornitologia 14. FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus xanthops [von Spix, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,"A homonymy in Psittacidae: new name for Salvatoria Miranda-Ribeiro.",null,"Alipiopsitta"],["11505","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Alipiopsitta xanthops","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.39, pl.26","Yellow-faced Parrot","Yellow-faced Parrot","Yellow-faced Parrot",null,null,"interior Brazil (Maranhão) to northern Paraguay and eastern Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686311","yefpar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefpar5","avibase-032F4AC2",null,null,"Interior of Minas Geraes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/57/mode/1up","Psittacus xanthops"],["11506","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus menstruus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 52).",null,null,null,"Pionus"],["11507","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus tumultuosus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.304","Speckle-faced Parrot","Speckle-faced Parrot",null,"2025-0626","Taxon <em>seniloides </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pionus tumultuosus</em> based on available evidence. Although <em>seniloides </em>differs in a number of plumage characters, and shows differentiation based on genomic (Smith et al. 2023) and mitochondrial DNA data (Ribas et al. 2007), a more thorough review of plumage variation, vocalizations, and genetics, including in areas of possible intergradation, is needed before implementing a split.","montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela southward across the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southeastward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,"spfpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spfpar1","avibase-93DC24A5",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/312/mode/1up","Psittacus tumultuosus"],["11508","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus tumultuosus tumultuosus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes from central Peru (north at least to Huánuco) to central Bolivia (south to Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF66BBFC",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/312/mode/1up","Psittacus tumultuosus"],["11509","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus tumultuosus seniloides","(Massena & de Souancé, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from northwestern Venezuela and Colombia southward to northern Peru (south at least to La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EBE8B16",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/83/mode/1up","Psittacus selinoides"],["11510","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus maximiliani","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.72","Scaly-headed Parrot","Scaly-headed Parrot","Scaly-headed Parrot",null,null,"deciduous and gallery to humid forest and woodland in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest from eastern Brazil, in eastern Maranhão, northern Piauí, and coastal Pernambuco southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, and northeastern Argentina, westward across Paraguay and southwestern Mato Grosso to eastern and northern Bolivia, and southward along the Yungas of Bolivia to northwestern Argentina, southward to Catamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686181","schpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schpar1","avibase-FAC09D76",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to Vigosa on the Rio Peruhype, south of Caravellas, Bahia, by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 450, note.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/140/mode/1up","Psittacus Maximiliani"],["11511","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus maximiliani maximiliani","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Ceará to Espírito Santo and southern Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43EA32B5",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to Vigosa on the Rio Peruhype, south of Caravellas, Bahia, by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 450, note.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/140/mode/1up","Psittacus Maximiliani"],["11512","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus maximiliani siy","de Souancé, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to Paraguay, western Brazil (Mato Grosso), and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2867732E",null,null,"Paraguay and Bolivia.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/161/mode/1up","Pionus siy"],["11513","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus maximiliani lacerus","Heine, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (Tucumán, Catamarca, and southern Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-961F1BFA",null,null,"Tucumán.","Zwei anscheinend noch unbeschriebene Papageien des „Museum Heineanum.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/277/mode/1up","Pionias lacerus"],["11514","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus","Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920","Revista do Museu Paulista 12 pt2 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC729D0F",null,null,"Therezopolis [Rio de Janeiro].","Revisão dos Psittacideos brasileiros.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40845#page/519/mode/1up","Pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus"],["11515","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus sordidus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.99","Red-billed Parrot","Red-billed Parrot","Red-billed Parrot",null,null,"humid foothill and cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela from Falcón eastward to Sucre, and in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, also in the Andes from southern Colombia southward across Ecuador to northern Peru, in the eastern Andes, east and south of the Río Marañón, from northern Peru southward to central Peru, in Huánuco and Pasco, and again in Bolivia southeastward to western Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686178","rebpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpar2","avibase-7BAAE4E3",null,null,"Mexico, ex Edwards, pl. 167, error = Venezuela, designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus sordidus"],["11516","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus sordidus saturatus","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7684C437",null,null,"Cincinnati, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/109/mode/1up","Pionus sordidus saturatus"],["11517","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus sordidus ponsi","Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1950","Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 10 no.26 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Colombia to Sierra de Perijá (northwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F3D7C8D",null,null,"Manastara, Río Negro, Perijá, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, elev. 1140 m","Descripción de cuatro aves nuevas de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cuatro-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela/","Pionus sordidus ponsi"],["11518","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus sordidus sordidus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Lara and Falcón to Caracas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E07EB1D9",null,null,"Mexico, ex Edwards, pl. 167, error = Venezuela, designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus sordidus"],["11519","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus sordidus antelius","Todd, 1947","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Sucre, and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BEF6280",null,null,"San Rafael, Venezuela","New South American Parrots.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/442/mode/1up","Pionus sordidus antelius"],["11520","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus sordidus corallinus","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36F79EE2",null,null,"South America, restricted to eastern Colombia by Chapman, antea, p. 264.","Tableau des Perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/158/mode/1up","Pionus corallinus"],["11521","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus sordidus mindoensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-304496BE",null,null,"Mindo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Pionus corallinus mindoensis"],["11522","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus menstruus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.148","Blue-headed Parrot","Blue-headed Parrot",null,"2025-0625","Taxon <em>reichenowi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pionus menstruus</em> (polytypic) based on minor differences in plumage and bill color, coupled with shallow mitochondrial DNA divergence (Ribas et al. 2007).","deciduous to humid lowland forest from western Costa Rica southeastward along the Caribbean and Pacific coast, and Panama to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, in interior Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador; in the foothills of the Andes of western Venezuela and the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and the Guianas, and southward across the Amazon basin to south-central and eastern Bolivia; in Brazil southward to southern Goiás, southern Mato Grosso, and adjacent Mato Grosso do Sul; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Pernambuco and Alagoas southward to Espirito Santo",null,null,null,"blhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhpar1","avibase-FF68945E",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/152/mode/1up","Psittacus menstruus"],["11523","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus menstruus rubrigularis","Cabanis, 1881","Journal für Ornithologie 29, no.154 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Costa Rica to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43D4A631",null,null,"Central Amerika [=Central America]","[Über eine eigenartige Form der Pionus menstruus L. aus Central-Amerika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102782#page/234/mode/1up","Pionus menstruus rubrigularis"],["11524","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus menstruus menstruus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, Trinidad, northern Brazil, and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA7EB8DB",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/152/mode/1up","Psittacus menstruus"],["11525","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus menstruus reichenowi","Heine, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Alagoas to Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09F13424",null,null,"Northern Brazil or Peru, error.","Zwei anscheinend noch unbeschriebene Papageien des „Museum Heineanum.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/276/mode/1up","Pionias Reichenowi"],["11526","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus fuscus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.78","Dusky Parrot","Dusky Parrot","Dusky Parrot",null,null,"humid northeastern Colombia to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686198","duspar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duspar1","avibase-1A87E3A9",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 408.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/98/mode/1up","Psittacus fuscus"],["11527","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus senilis","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.42, pl.31, f.1","White-crowned Parrot","White-crowned Parrot","White-crowned Parrot",null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686192","whcpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpar","avibase-F1202D11",null,null,"No locality, Vera Cruz, Mexico, designated by Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 379, 1929, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/60/mode/1up","Psittacus senilis"],["11528","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionus chalcopterus","(Fraser, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.90 p.59","Bronze-winged Parrot","Bronze-winged Parrot","Bronze-winged Parrot",null,null,"humid forest of northeastern Colombia to western Venezuela and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686195","brwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwpar1","avibase-3B0B6BD9",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","On some new Species of Birds from the Collection of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/781/mode/1up","Psittacus chalcopterus"],["11529","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus farinosus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 20, p. 268).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/227/mode/1up","Amazona"],["11530","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona xantholora","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.83","Yucatan Amazon","Yellow-lored Amazon","Yellow-lored Amazon",null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel) to Belize",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686226","yelpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelpar1","avibase-E0993B27",null,null,"Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/123/mode/1up","Chrysotis xantholora"],["11531","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona albifrons","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.52 pl.52","White-fronted Amazon","White-fronted Amazon","White-fronted Amazon",null,null,"semiarid woodland in lowlands and hills, from southern Sonora south on Pacific coast of Mexico, and from central Veracruz through Yucatan Peninsula and northwestern Central America to northwestern Costa Rica; introduced Los Angeles and San Diego (southern California), far southeastern Texas, Monterrey (Nuevo León, northeastern Mexico), Mexico City (Distrito Federal), and elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686222","whfpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfpar1","avibase-DD669F07",null,null,"No locality: restricted to southwestern Mexico by Miller infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/19/mode/1up","Psittacus albifrons"],["11532","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona albifrons saltuensis","Nelson, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora and western Durango to Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCE07ADB",null,null,"Camoa, Sonora.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/52/mode/1up","Amazona albifrons saltuensis"],["11533","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona albifrons albifrons","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.52 pl.52",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid western Mexico (Nayarit) to southwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C70B152",null,null,"No locality: restricted to southwestern Mexico by Miller infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/19/mode/1up","Psittacus albifrons"],["11534","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona albifrons nana","Miller, 1905","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21, art.22 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (central Veracruz through Yucatan Peninsula) and northwestern Central America to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE50558F",null,null,"Calotmul, Yucatan.","List of birds collected in southern Sinaloa, Mexico, by J.H. Batty, during 1903-1904","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/941","Amazona albifrons nana"],["11535","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona agilis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.99","Black-billed Amazon","Black-billed Amazon","Black-billed Amazon",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686231","blbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpar1","avibase-EE676594",null,null,"America = West Indies, ex Edwards, i.e. Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus agilis"],["11536","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona collaria","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102","Yellow-billed Amazon","Yellow-billed Amazon","Yellow-billed Amazon",null,null,"humid forest of Jamaica",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686209","yebpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebpar1","avibase-03EC041F",null,null,"America = Jamaica, ex Sloane.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus collarius"],["11537","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona leucocephala","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.100","Cuban Amazon","Cuban Amazon","Cuban Amazon",null,null,"drier woodland and gardens of Abaco and Great Inagua (north and south Bahamas), Cuba including Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Pines), and Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac (western and eastern Cayman islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686201","cubpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubpar1","avibase-8B2843E8",null,null,"America = Cuba, restricted to eastern Cuba by Barbour, Mem. Nuttall Orn. Cl., no. 6, 1923, p. 82.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus leucocephalus"],["11538","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona leucocephala bahamensis","(Bryant, 1867)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Abaco (northwestern Bahamas) and Great Inagua (southeastern Bahamas); introduced New Providence (north-central Bahamas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0B94AAD",null,null,"Fortune, Auckland [i.e. Acklin] and Inagua Islands, Bahamas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/75/mode/1up","Psittacus collarius (var. bahamensis)"],["11539","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona leucocephala leucocephala","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9C88719",null,null,"America = Cuba, restricted to eastern Cuba by Barbour, Mem. Nuttall Orn. Cl., no. 6, 1923, p. 82.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus leucocephalus"],["11540","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona leucocephala caymanensis","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.4 p.497-498",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman Island (western Cayman Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89A6A51F",null,null,"Grand Cayman.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Chrysotis caymanensis"],["11541","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona leucocephala hesterna","Bangs, 1916","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 60, no.7 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayman Brac Island and (formerly) Little Cayman Island (eastern Cayman Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7CE5939",null,null,"Cayman Brac.","A collection of birds from the Cayman Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20755#page/528/mode/1up","Amazona leucocephala hesterna"],["11542","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona ventralis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.79","Hispaniolan Amazon","Hispaniolan Amazon","Hispaniolan Amazon",null,null,"Hispaniola and satellite islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686215","hispar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hispar1","avibase-766B3C30",null,null,"Martinique, error = Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/99/mode/1up","Psittacus ventralis"],["11543","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona vittata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49","Puerto Rican Amazon","Puerto Rican Amazon","Puerto Rican Amazon",null,null,"formerly widespread in Puerto Rico; a small wild population survives in forest of El Yunque (northeastern Puerto Rico), with reintroductions in Maricao and Río Abajo (western Puerto Rico)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686239","purpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purpar1","avibase-E4507DF6",null,null,"Santo Domingo, ex Daubenton, pl. 792, = Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Psittacus vittatus"],["11544","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona vittata vittata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly widespread in Puerto Rico; after nearing extinction, a small wild population survives in El Yunque (northeastern Puerto Rico), with reintroductions in Maricao and Río Abajo (southwestern and west-central Puerto Rico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-595BE530",null,null,"Santo Domingo, ex Daubenton, pl. 792, = Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/71/mode/1up","Psittacus vittatus"],["11545","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona vittata gracilipes","Ridgway, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Isla de Culebra (just off eastern Puerto Rico); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6EAD5D5",null,null,"Culebra Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/140/mode/1up","Amazona vittata gracilipes"],["11546","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona imperialis","Richmond, 1899","The Auk 16, no.2 p.186","Imperial Amazon","Imperial Amazon","Imperial Amazon",null,null,"montane forest of Dominica (Lesser Antilles)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686411","imppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/imppar1","avibase-B78B2F83",null,null,"Dominica.","Four Preoccupied Names","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss2/28/","Amazona imperialis"],["11547","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona brasiliensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102","Red-tailed Amazon","Red-tailed Amazon","Red-tailed Amazon",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern São Paulo and Paraná)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686296","retpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retpar1","avibase-5A7AF4AE",null,null,"Brazil, ex Edwards, pl. 161.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus brasiliensis"],["11548","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona amazonica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.147","Orange-winged Amazon","Orange-winged Amazon","Orange-winged Amazon",null,null,"humid forest in the lowlands of northern Colombia, southward along the Magdalena Valley to Cundinamarca and along the Cauca Valley to Valle del Cauca; in the lowlands of western and northern Venezuela, including Isla Margarita, eastward to Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas; east of the Andes from the lowlands of central Venezuela southward across the western Amazon of eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru, and eastward across the entire Amazon of Brazil, eastward to northern Piauí and southward to southern Mato Grosso do Sul, adjacent Paraguay, and northern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte southward to Paraná",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686350","orwpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orwpar","avibase-0F2066D5",null,null,"Surinam, error = 'le pays des Amazones,' Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 1910, p. 406.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/151/mode/1up","Psittacus amazonicus"],["11549","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona guildingii","(Vigors, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.45 p.80","St. Vincent Amazon","St. Vincent Amazon","Saint Vincent Amazon",null,null,"montane forest of St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686403","stvpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stvpar1","avibase-62AFC876",null,null,"St. Vincent.","Characters of two new Parrots in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/94/mode/1up","Psittacus Guildingii"],["11550","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona viridigenalis","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.371","Red-crowned Amazon","Red-crowned Amazon","Red-crowned Amazon",null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León to northern Veracruz)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686259","recpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recpar","avibase-B1595124",null,null,"South America, error = northeastern Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/393/mode/1up","Chrysotis viridigenalis"],["11551","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona finschi","(Sclater, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.298","Lilac-crowned Amazon","Lilac-crowned Amazon","Lilac-crowned Amazon",null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sonora, Chihuahua, and Durango to Oaxaca)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686268","licpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/licpar","avibase-66C32CC9",null,null,"Mexico.","Characters of Three New American Parrots.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/370/mode/1up","Chrysotis finschi"],["11552","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona diadema","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.43, pl.32","Diademed Amazon","Diademed Amazon","Diademed Amazon","2025-0627","Taxa <em>diadema</em> and <em>lilacina </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Amazona autumnalis</em> based on available evidence. However, plumages in the <em>A. autumnalis sensu lato</em> complex are geographically variable, and genetic data are mostly incomplete and contradictory regarding relationships (Ottens-Wainright et al. 2004; Russello &amp; Amato 2004; Pilgrim 2010; Smith et al. 2023); further research needed to determine species limits in this group.","northwestern Brazil (lower Rio Negro and north bank of the upper Amazon River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731595","relpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relpar4","avibase-7539A5FF",null,null,"Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/61/mode/1up","Psittacus diadema"],["11553","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona lilacina","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.30 col.394","Lilacine Amazon","Lilacine Amazon","Lilacine Amazon","2025-0627","Taxa <em>diadema</em> and <em>lilacina </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Amazona autumnalis</em> based on available evidence. However, plumages in the <em>A. autumnalis sensu lato</em> complex are geographically variable, and genetic data are mostly incomplete and contradictory regarding relationships (Ottens-Wainright et al. 2004; Russello &amp; Amato 2004; Pilgrim 2010; Smith et al. 2023); further research needed to determine species limits in this group.","southwestern Ecuador (north shore of the Bahia de Caráque in central Manabí southward to Gulf of Guayaquil and El Oro); possibly farther north in western Ecuador",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728296","relpar9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relpar9","avibase-1F11D1B1",null,null,"Vicinity of Guayaquil, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/244/mode/1up","Amazona (Psittacus) Lilacina"],["11554","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona autumnalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102","Red-lored Amazon","Red-lored Amazon","Red-lored Amazon","2025-0627","Taxa <em>diadema</em> and <em>lilacina </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Amazona autumnalis</em> based on available evidence. However, plumages in the <em>A. autumnalis sensu lato</em> complex are geographically variable, and genetic data are mostly incomplete and contradictory regarding relationships (Ottens-Wainright et al. 2004; Russello &amp; Amato 2004; Pilgrim 2010; Smith et al. 2023); further research needed to determine species limits in this group.","deciduous to humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southern Tamaulipas southeastward across the Caribbean lowlands of Central America to Panama, and in the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua, eastward to Panama (including Coiba); in South America in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Valle del Cauca); west of the Andes along the Pacific lowlands of Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728292","relpar10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relpar10","avibase-56EC9CA9",null,null,"West Indies, ex Edwards, pl. 164, error = southern Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus autumnalis"],["11555","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona autumnalis autumnalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Mexico to northern Nicaragua and Bay Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5137C563",null,null,"West Indies, ex Edwards, pl. 164, error = southern Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus autumnalis"],["11556","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona autumnalis salvini","(Salvadori, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.300 pl.7 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nicaragua southward to northwestern Ecuador (south to northern Manabí) and far northwestern Venezuela (Zulia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49FC11F3",null,null,"Lion Hill Station, Canal Zone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/322/mode/1up","Chrysotis salvini"],["11557","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona festiva","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.101","Festive Amazon","Festive Amazon",null,"2025-0628","Taxon <em>bodini </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Amazona festiva</em> based on available evidence. Plumages are variable, the potential for intergradation has not been thoroughly explored, and vocalizations have not been assessed. Genetic data are fragmentary (Russello &amp; Amato 2004; Kirchman et al. 2012; Smith et al. 2023); further research needed.","tropical rainforest of the Orinoco basin from eastern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana southwestward to northeastern Colombia; in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador southward to northeastern Peru, southward to northern Ucayali, and eastward along the Amazon River of northern Brazil to the mouth of the Amazon River and north to Roraima",null,null,null,"fespar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fespar1","avibase-428D51E8",null,null,"Indies, error, Brazilian Amazon River fixed as the type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 592.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/119/mode/1up","Psittacus festivus"],["11558","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona festiva bodini","(Finsch, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.569 pl.49",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia east through Venezuela to Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB22967B",null,null,"America = middle Orinoco, fixed as the type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 109.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/695/mode/1up","Chrysotis bodini"],["11559","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona festiva festiva","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76A116AB",null,null,"Indies, error, Brazilian Amazon River fixed as the type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 592.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/119/mode/1up","Psittacus festivus"],["11560","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona vinacea","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.77","Vinaceous-breasted Amazon","Vinaceous-breasted Amazon","Vinaceous-breasted Amazon",null,null,"Araucaria and broadleaf forest of eastern Brazil (Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina (rare)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686374","vinpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vinpar1","avibase-0FF89B76",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus vinaceus"],["11561","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona pretrei","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.83, vol.4 pl.492","Red-spectacled Amazon","Red-spectacled Amazon","Red-spectacled Amazon",null,null,"Araucaria and broadleaf forest of southeastern Brazil (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686251","respar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/respar2","avibase-EFA0861B",null,null,"Mexico?, error = southern Brazil, suggested by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/33/mode/1up","Psittacus pretrei"],["11562","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona tucumana","(Cabanis, 1885)","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.170 p.221","Tucuman Amazon","Tucuman Amazon","Tucuman Amazon",null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686246","tucpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tucpar1","avibase-D50220E9",null,null,"Tucumán, Argentina.","[Beschreibung einer klimatischen Abart der Chrysotis Pretrei aus Tukuman].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/233/mode/1up","Chrysotis tucumana"],["11563","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona dufresniana","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt2 p.513","Blue-cheeked Amazon","Blue-cheeked Amazon","Blue-cheeked Amazon",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (Gran Sabana) to the Guianas and (?) adjacent Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686282","blcpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcpar2","avibase-7B534E0C",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Levaillant, pl. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176180#page/693/mode/1up","Psittacus dufresnianus"],["11564","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona rhodocorytha","(Salvadori, 1890)","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.7 p.369","Red-browed Amazon","Red-browed Amazon","Red-browed Amazon",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Alagoas and Bahia to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686288","rebpar7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpar7","avibase-8FC55431",null,null,"Brazil.","On the Identity of Chrysotis cSligena with Psittacus dufresnianus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/397/mode/1up","Chrysotis rhodocorytha"],["11565","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona farinosa","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52","Mealy Amazon","Mealy Amazon",null,"2025-0630","Taxon <em>guatemalae </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Amazona farinosa</em> based on apparent intergradation in plumage characters across a broad contact zone and absence of consistent differentiation in vocalizations (Hellmich et al. 2021). Although a relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergence separates <em>farinosa </em>and <em>guatemalae </em>(Wenner et al. 2012; Hellmich et al. 2021), genomic differentiation (Smith et al. 2023) is less pronounced; further research to assess the extent of gene flow between these taxa would be informative.","deciduous and gallery to humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in eastern Mexico, from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca southeastward across the Caribbean side of Central America to Panama, also in the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica to Panama, including the Azuero Peninsula and Coiba; in the lowlands of northern South America in Colombia and western Venezuela, south along the Magdalena Valley to Tolima, and west of the Andes southward to west-central Ecuador; east of the Andes in the Orinoco basin from eastern and central Venezuela eastward across the Guianas and southward across the Amazon of southern Venezuela, eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern and central Bolivia, and Brazil eastward to northern Maranhão and southward to central Mato Grosso; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (southern Bahia southward to São Paulo)",null,null,null,"meapar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meapar","avibase-A05EF311",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 861.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Psittacus farinosus"],["11566","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona farinosa guatemalae","(Sclater, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico to northwestern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03BE0068",null,null,"Guatemala and Honduras; the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. lists a specimen from Honduras as the type.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/72/mode/1up","Chrysotis guatemalae"],["11567","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona farinosa virenticeps","(Salvadori, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras (Sula Valley) to far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86E29FE8",null,null,"Bugaba, Chiriquí cf , and Angostura, Costa Rica",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/302/mode/1up","Chrysotis virenticeps"],["11568","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona farinosa farinosa","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Colombia, the Guianas, northeastern Bolivia, and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77721E6B",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 861.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Psittacus farinosus"],["11569","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona kawalli","Grantsau & Camargo, 1989","Revista Brasileria de Biologia 49 p.1018","Kawall's Amazon","Kawall's Amazon","White-faced Amazon",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686363","kawpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kawpar1","avibase-7F4458FE",null,null,"100 km south of Santarém, Pará [Brazil]","Nova espécie brasileira de Amazona (Aves: Psittacidae).",null,"Amazona kawalli"],["11570","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona mercenarius","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.303","Scaly-naped Amazon","Scaly-naped Amazon","Scaly-naped Amazon",null,null,"montane cloudforest in Sierra de Perijá, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia, in western Ecuador (to northern El Oro), and in the eastern Andes southward across Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686354","scnpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scnpar1","avibase-CED01CA4",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/311/mode/1up","Psittacus mercenarius"],["11571","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona mercenarius canipalliata","(Cabanis, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D4B334F",null,null,"Cauca River, Colombia.","Protokoll der LVIII. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/117/mode/1up","Chrysotis canipalliata"],["11572","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona mercenarius mercenarius","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEAA4D77",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/311/mode/1up","Psittacus mercenarius"],["11573","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona arausiaca","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.79","Red-necked Amazon","Red-necked Amazon","Red-necked Amazon",null,null,"montane forest of Dominica (Lesser Antilles)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686395","renpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renpar1","avibase-D1E2E2F9",null,null,"Dominica, ex Edwards, pl. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/99/mode/1up","Psittacus arausiacus"],["11574","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona versicolor","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.78","St. Lucia Amazon","St. Lucia Amazon","Saint Lucia Amazon",null,null,"montane forest of St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686387","stlpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stlpar1","avibase-2156EB72",null,null,"Havana, error = St. Lucia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/98/mode/1up","Psittacus versicolor"],["11575","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona aestiva","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.101","Turquoise-fronted Amazon","Turquoise-fronted Amazon","Turquoise-fronted Amazon",null,null,"drier woodland with large trees from western Bolivia eastward to eastern Maranhão, southward to Córdoba (north-central Argentina) and eastward to Mato Grosso and western Paraná; introduced San Juan (eastern Puerto Rico), eastern seaboard of southern Brazil southward to Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, southeastern Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686332","bufpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufpar","avibase-4B268FD2",null,null,"America, Hellmayr, antea, p. 593, substitutes southern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/119/mode/1up","Psittacus aestivus"],["11576","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona aestiva aestiva","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão and Pará to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8F8B6FE",null,null,"America, Hellmayr, antea, p. 593, substitutes southern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/119/mode/1up","Psittacus aestivus"],["11577","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx","(Berlepsch, 1896)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia to southwestern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D9E0131",null,null,"Bueyes, eastern Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/189/mode/1up","Chrysotis aestiva xanthopteryx"],["11578","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona barbadensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.339","Yellow-shouldered Amazon","Yellow-shouldered Amazon","Yellow-shouldered Amazon",null,null,"coastal northern Venezuela including islas Margarita and La Blanquilla; Bonaire",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686325","yespar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yespar1","avibase-CA4C6B17",null,null,"Barbados, error = Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/351/mode/1up","Psittacus barbadensis"],["11579","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona ochrocephala","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.339","Yellow-crowned Amazon","Yellow-crowned Amazon","Yellow-crowned Amazon",null,null,"humid forest from western Panama to the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Valle del Cauca and Tolima); east of the Andes from the lowlands of northern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas south and westward across the Amazon basin of southern Venezuela, eastern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, to northern Bolivia, and Brazil eastward to northern Maranhão, Isla de Marajó and southward to southern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686346","ywcpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ywcpar","avibase-45BCA1AA",null,null,"South America, restricted to Venezuela by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 109.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/351/mode/1up","Psittacus ochrocephalus"],["11580","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona ochrocephala panamensis","(Cabanis, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.127 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama including Pearl Islands to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67D24408",null,null,"Panama.","Protokoll der XLIII. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/361/mode/1up","Chrysotis panamensis"],["11581","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C324B749",null,null,"South America, restricted to Venezuela by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 109.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/351/mode/1up","Psittacus ochrocephalus"],["11582","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema","Berlepsch, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Ilha de Marajó (off northern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CC43032",null,null,"Hacienda St. Andre, Island of Marajo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/163/mode/1up","Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema"],["11583","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona ochrocephala nattereri","(Finsch, 1865)","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.72 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-651D58BC",null,null,"Mamoré, Cacheira de Bananeiro, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil].","Ueber drei neue Vogelarten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/423/mode/1up","Psittacus (Chrysotis) Nattereri"],["11584","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona auropalliata","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.135","Yellow-naped Amazon","Yellow-naped Amazon","Yellow-naped Amazon",null,null,"deciduous and other dry woodland of lowlands from Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) on the Pacific slope through northwestern Costa Rica, and coastal northeastern Honduras and Bay Islands (north of Honduras) to northeastern Nicaragua",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686342","yenpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yenpar1","avibase-74D1AE14",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus (amazona) auro-palliatus"],["11585","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona auropalliata auropalliata","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Oaxaca) southward to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DF667E8",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus (amazona) auro-palliatus"],["11586","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona auropalliata caribaea","Lousada, 1989","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"Bay Islands off Honduras (Isla Barbareta and Isla Guanaja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5AF746D",null,null,"Isla Barbareta, Islas de la Bahia, Honduras, 11 April 1948","Amazona auropalliata caribaea: a new subspecies of parrot from the Bay Islands, northern Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/253/mode/1up","Amazona auropalliata caribaea"],["11587","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona auropalliata parvipes","Monroe & Howell, 1966","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 34 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Honduras to northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9594C31",null,null,"Leicus Creek, 56 mi. NW of Puerto Cabezas, Comarca de El Cabo, Nicaragua","Geographic variation in Middle American parrots of the Amazona ochrocephala complex.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/23/","Amazona ochrocephala parvipes"],["11588","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona oratrix","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.587","Yellow-headed Amazon","Yellow-headed Amazon","Yellow-headed Amazon","2025-0629","Taxon <em>tresmariae </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Amazona oratrix</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a separate species based on modest plumage and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Eberhard &amp; Bermingham 2004; Russello &amp; Amato 2004; Caparroz et al. 2009; Urantówka et al. 2014). Mitochondrial DNA data also recover <em>A. oratrix sensu lato</em> as non-monophyletic, but this has not been corroborated by available genomic data (Smith et al. 2023); further research with broader geographic and taxonomic sampling needed.","deciduous and other dry woodland types in lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope from Tamaulipas through southern Yucatan Peninsula to northwestern Honduras, and Pacific slope from Nayarit to southern Oaxaca; Tres Marias Islands",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686337","yehpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yehpar","avibase-F9D03943",null,null,"Petapa, Oaxaca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/609/mode/1up","Amazona oratrix"],["11589","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona oratrix oratrix","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.587",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Pacific slope of southern, northeastern, and Gulf lowlands of Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BA850CF",null,null,"Petapa, Oaxaca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/609/mode/1up","Amazona oratrix"],["11590","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona oratrix belizensis","Monroe & Howell, 1966","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 34 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A5887E8",null,null,"Hill Bank, Orange Walk District, British Honduras","Geographic variation in Middle American parrots of the Amazona ochrocephala complex.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/23/","Amazona ochrocephala belizensis"],["11591","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona oratrix hondurensis","Lousada & Howell, 1997","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 117 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Honduras (Sula Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D31134DA",null,null,"Honduras: Depto. Cortes; c. 12 miles NE of La Lima, along the 'Toloa canal at Urraco; 10 March 1928; collected by E. Bangs","Amazona oratrix hondurensis: a new subspecies of parrot from the Sula Valley of northern Honduras","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123804#page/247/mode/1up","Amazona oratrix hondurensis"],["11592","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Amazona oratrix tresmariae","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5927F39D",null,null,"Maria Madre Island, Tres Marías group, Mexico","Descriptions of Thirty New North American Birds, in the Biological Survey Collection","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Amazona oratrix tresmariae"],["11593","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Deroptyus","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus accipitrinus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Deroptyus"],["11594","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Deroptyus accipitrinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102","Red-fan Parrot","Red-fan Parrot","Red-fan Parrot",null,null,"tropical rainforest sandy-soil and blackwater in the Amazon basin and Guianan plateau from eastern Colombia southward to far eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru, and eastward to eastern and southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazilian Amazonia eastward to western Maranhão and southward to southern Rondônia and central Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686416","refpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refpar3","avibase-821D0A48",null,null,"India, error = Cayenne, substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 12, 1905, p. 303.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus accipitrinus"],["11595","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Deroptyus accipitrinus accipitrinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, northeastern Peru, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52EC4714",null,null,"India, error = Cayenne, substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 12, 1905, p. 303.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus accipitrinus"],["11596","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons","Hellmayr, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Pará to northern Mato Grosso); adjacent Bolivia?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90F13FB8",null,null,"Igarapé-Attú [=Igarapé-Açu], Pará.","Notes on a collection of birds, made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Parà, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/317/mode/1up","Deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons"],["11597","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites","Heine, 1890","Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici p.231",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus melanocephalus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 20, p. 358).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104091#page/243/mode/1up","Pionites"],["11598","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites melanocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102","Black-headed Parrot","Black-headed Parrot","Black-headed Parrot",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela eastward across the Guianas to northeastern Brazil (Amapá, northern Pará, Roraima, and northern Amazonas), and southwestward across southern Venezuela and eastern Venezuela to northeastern Peru north of the Amazon River and west of the Río Ucayali; locally south of the Amazon River in northeastern Peru and western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22686079","blhpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhpar4","avibase-C0827011",null,null,"Mexico = Caracas, i.e. Venezuela, ex Edwards, pl. 169.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus melanocephalus"],["11599","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites melanocephalus melanocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9259F47",null,null,"Mexico = Caracas, i.e. Venezuela, ex Edwards, pl. 169.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus melanocephalus"],["11600","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites melanocephalus pallidus","(Berlepsch, 1889)","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66530EA5",null,null,"Eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der von Herrn Gustav Garlepp in Brasilien und Nord-Peru im Gebiete des oberen Amazonas gesammelten Vogelbälge (Forsetzung von Januar-Heft S. 97-101.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/329/mode/1up","Caica melanocephala pallida"],["11601","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites leucogaster","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.70","White-bellied Parrot","White-bellied Parrot",null,"2025-0632","Taxa <em>xanthurus </em>and <em>xanthomerius </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Pionites leucogaster</em> based on variability in plumage traits that suggest intergradation. Furthermore, <em>P. leucogaster</em> is reported to intergrade with <em>P. melanocephalus</em> (Moncrieff et al. 2020) with available genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) indicating weak divergence between them; further research on the <em>leucogaster-melanocephala</em> complex is needed to determine species limits.","tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin south of the Amazon River and east of the Río Ucayali in eastern Peru southward to northwestern and central Bolivia, and eastward across the Amazon of Brazil to northeastern Brazil (Maranhão); locally north of the Amazon River in far southeastern Colombia and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,"whbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbpar1","avibase-7FEDAAAB",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/138/mode/1up","Psittacus leucogaster"],["11602","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.343 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and northern Bolivia to western Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastward to Rio Juruá )",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24CCA473",null,null,"Upper Amazonia = Río Javarri [i.e. Javary], Peru.","On a Collection of Birds transmitted by Mr. H. W. Bates from the Upper Amazon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/278/mode/1up","Caica xanthomeria"],["11603","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites leucogaster xanthurus","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus and Rio Juruá to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9456EA1A",null,null,"Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, Brazil","Four new birds from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/139/mode/1up","Pionites xanthurus"],["11604","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pionites leucogaster leucogaster","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37377F33",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/138/mode/1up","Psittacus leucogaster"],["11605","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Rhynchopsitta","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, no.6 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Macrocercus pachyrhynchus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/159/mode/1up","Rhynchopsitta"],["11606","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.439","Thick-billed Parrot","Thick-billed Parrot","Thick-billed Parrot",null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685766","thbpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbpar","avibase-6D621EA2",null,null,"Tableland of Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/455/mode/1up","Macrocercus pachyrhynchus"],["11607","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Rhynchopsitta terrisi","Moore, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.27","Maroon-fronted Parrot","Maroon-fronted Parrot","Maroon-fronted Parrot",null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685772","mafpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mafpar1","avibase-277579A3",null,null,"Sierra Potosí, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, alt. about 7500 feet","New species of Parrot and race of Quail from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/41/mode/1up","Rhynchopsitta terrisi"],["11608","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura","Bonaparte, 1856","Naumannia 6 Beil., no.1a.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus vittatus [Shaw, 1811]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 20, p. 211). = Psittacus frontalis Vieillot, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49215#page/542/mode/1up","Pyrrhura"],["11609","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura cruentata","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.70 (or p.72), note","Ochre-marked Parakeet","Ochre-marked Parakeet","Ochre-marked Parakeet",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685783","bltpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltpar2","avibase-9DA59151",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/88/mode/1up","Psittacus cruentatus"],["11610","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura leucotis","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.21","White-eared Parakeet","Maroon-faced Parakeet","White-eared Parakeet",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia to São Paulo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45421208","mafpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mafpar3","avibase-007B7943",null,null,"Brazil.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/89/mode/1up","Psittacus leucotis"],["11611","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura griseipectus","Salvadori, 1900","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.24 p.672","Grey-breasted Parakeet","Gray-breasted Parakeet","Grey-breasted Parakeet",null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Ceará)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733968","gybpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybpar1","avibase-807B89E7",null,null,"Locality unknown = Ceará, Brazil.","On some Additional Species of Parrots of the Genus Pyrrhura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/740/mode/1up","Pyrrhura griseipectus"],["11612","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura pfrimeri","Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920","Revista do Museu Paulista 12 pt2 p.36","Pfrimer's Parakeet","Pfrimer's Parakeet","Goias Parakeet",null,null,"central Brazil (Goiás)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733974","pfrpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pfrpar1","avibase-D84E3E9E",null,null,"Santa Maria de Taguatinga, Goyaz [=Goiás, Brazil].","Revisão dos Psittacideos brasileiros.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40845#page/492/mode/1up","Pyrrhura pfrimeri"],["11613","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura amazonum","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.8","Santarem Parakeet","Santarem Parakeet",null,"2025-0641","Taxon <em>snethlageae </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Pyrrhura amazonum</em> based on evidence of intergradation and failure of mitochondrial DNA to recover them as reciprocally monophyletic (Ribas et al. 2006).","tropical rainforest in eastern Amazonian Brazil (Pará, western Maranhão, and Tocantins southward in Mato Grosso and eastern Amazonas to Rondônia) and northern Bolivia (Pando, Beni, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,"sanpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sanpar2","avibase-A950292F",null,null,"Óbidos, Brazil.","On new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/432/mode/1up","Pyrrhura picta amazonum"],["11614","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura amazonum amazonum","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River from the west bank of the Rio Tapajós eastward to the Rio Tocantins, and on the north bank of the Amazon River opposite the mouth of the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7D833ED",null,null,"Óbidos, Brazil.","On new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/432/mode/1up","Pyrrhura picta amazonum"],["11615","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura amazonum pallescens","Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926","Arquivos do Museu Nacional 28 p.11 [10-12].",null,null,null,null,null,"drainage of the Rio Madeira in Brazil and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72FB9079",null,null,null,"Psittacideos colligidos pelo Sr. Dr. Rud. Pfrimer em Minas Geraes e Goyaz",null,"Pyrrhura luciani pallescens"],["11616","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura amazonum lucida","Arndt, 2008","Papageien [Arndt] 21 p.278,279",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mato Grosso, Brazil (along the ríos Teles Peres and Peixote de Azuvedo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78F55BC5",null,null,"adultes Männchen, Mato Grosso, Mun. Alta Floresta, Rio Teles Pires, 2 km vor der Mündung des Rio Cristalino, 2. Dez. 1999","Anmerkungen zu einigen Pyrrhura-Formen mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Art und zweier neuer Unterarten.","https://www.academia.edu/9316749/","Pyrrhura snethlageae lucida"],["11617","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura lucianii","(Deville, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.210","Bonaparte's Parakeet","Bonaparte's Parakeet","Bonaparte's Parakeet",null,null,"Brazil (west-central Amazonia along Amazon River at Tefe and Rio Purus)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45422133","bonpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bonpar1","avibase-E8C9403D",null,null,"Amazon River.","Note sur quatre espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux provenant de l'expédition de M. Castelnau ; le Conurus Weddellii, C. jugularis, C. Luciani et Cultrides Pucheranii'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/226/mode/1up","Conurus Lucianii"],["11618","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura roseifrons","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.42","Rose-fronted Parakeet","Rose-fronted Parakeet",null,"2025-0633","Taxa <em>parvifrons </em>(monotypic) and <em>peruviana </em>(polytypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Pyrrhura roseifrons</em> pending further research. Plumage variation is incompletely documented (Joseph 2002) and relationships inferred from mitochondrial DNA data (Ribas et al. 2006; Arndt &amp; Wink 2017; Morín Lagos 2021) have been inconsistent. Furthermore, genomic (Smith et al. 2023) and mitochondrial DNA data indicate that <em>P. lucianii</em> may be closely aligned to, or embedded within, this complex; a more comprehensive genetic review with broad taxon sampling is needed.","humid forest in the foothills of the cordilleras de Cutucu and del Condor in southeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru and patchily along the eastern Andes of Peru; and in the Amazonian lowlands south of the Amazon River from eastern Peru and western Brazil in westernmost Amazonas and Acre, southward to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,"rofpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rofpar3","avibase-49E8DCEF",null,null,"River Amazon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/82/mode/1up","Conurus roseifrons"],["11619","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana","Hocking, Blake & Joseph, 2002","Ornitología Neotropical 13, no.4 p.356-357",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of the Andes in southeastern Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) and northern Peru (Amazonas and western Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-841A2173",null,null,"Río Santiago, Puerto Galilea, Depto Amazonas, Peru, (800 ft – label data), c. 03°45’S, 77°45’W, 8 December 1965, collected by Peter Hocking","Geographical variation, taxonomy and distribution  of some amazonian pyrrhura parakeets","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol13/iss4/1/","Pyrrhura peruviana"],["11620","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura roseifrons dilutissima","Arndt, 2008","Papageien [Arndt] 21 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Apurímac Valley, south-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60EB551C",null,null,"adultes Weibchen; Z-Peru, Cordillera Vilcabamba, 6 km östlich Luisiana, 890 m.","Anmerkungen zu einigen Pyrrhura-Formen mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Art und zweier neuer Unterarten.","https://www.academia.edu/9316749/","Pyrrhura peruviana dilutissima"],["11621","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura roseifrons parvifrons","Arndt, 2008","Papageien [Arndt] 21 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"two disjunct regions in northern Peru: in eastern San Martín and adjacent west-central Loreto, and along the Amazon River in northeastern Loreto (only on the south bank of the Amazon River?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CC33853",null,null,"Weibchen; NO-Peru, Shanusi, Yurimaguas; 29. Oktober 1885; Sammler: Gustav Garlepp","Anmerkungen zu einigen Pyrrhura-Formen mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Art und zweier neuer Unterarten.","https://www.academia.edu/9316749/","Pyrrhura parvifrons"],["11622","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura roseifrons roseifrons","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia, south of the Amazon River, from northern Peru southward to northern Bolivia (La Paz) and in western Brazil (western Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61F21598",null,null,"River Amazon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/82/mode/1up","Conurus roseifrons"],["11623","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura picta","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.75","Painted Parakeet","Painted Parakeet","Painted Parakeet","2025-0642","The <em>Pyrrhura picta</em> complex is split into four species: <em>P. picta</em> (monotypic); <em>P. emma </em>(monotypic); <em>P. subandina</em> (polytypic, including <em>eisenmanni</em>); and <em>P. caeruleiceps</em>. Although this arrangement is supported by available genomic data (Smith et al. 2023), and although <em>subandina </em>and <em>eisenmanni </em>are likely sisters based on genomic data, further research is needed to determine whether <em>eisenmanni </em>also deserves species status. Unfortunately, <em>subandina </em>has not been reliably observed since 1949, which complicates comparative analyses with <em>eisenmanni</em>.","southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil (Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45422115","paipar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paipar2","avibase-BDCBDAC0",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus pictus"],["11624","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura emma","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.217 pl.1","Venezuelan Parakeet","Venezuelan Parakeet","Venezuelan Parakeet","2025-0642","The <em>Pyrrhura picta</em> complex is split into four species: <em>P. picta</em> (monotypic); <em>P. emma </em>(monotypic); <em>P. subandina</em> (polytypic, including <em>eisenmanni</em>); and <em>P. caeruleiceps</em>. Although this arrangement is supported by available genomic data (Smith et al. 2023), and although <em>subandina </em>and <em>eisenmanni </em>are likely sisters based on genomic data, further research is needed to determine whether <em>eisenmanni </em>also deserves species status. Unfortunately, <em>subandina </em>has not been reliably observed since 1949, which complicates comparative analyses with <em>eisenmanni</em>.","coastal northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45421217","paipar6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paipar6","avibase-070AE2DC",null,null,"Caracas and Garipe, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/239/mode/1up","Pyrrhura emma"],["11625","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura caeruleiceps","Todd, 1947","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.337","Perija Parakeet","Perija Parakeet","Perija Parakeet","2025-0642","The <em>Pyrrhura picta</em> complex is split into four species: <em>P. picta</em> (monotypic); <em>P. emma </em>(monotypic); <em>P. subandina</em> (polytypic, including <em>eisenmanni</em>); and <em>P. caeruleiceps</em>. Although this arrangement is supported by available genomic data (Smith et al. 2023), and although <em>subandina </em>and <em>eisenmanni </em>are likely sisters based on genomic data, further research is needed to determine whether <em>eisenmanni </em>also deserves species status. Unfortunately, <em>subandina </em>has not been reliably observed since 1949, which complicates comparative analyses with <em>eisenmanni</em>.","west slope of eastern Andes of northern Colombia and Sierra de Perijá",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/45422600","paipar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paipar5","avibase-FA4A412F",null,null,"El Cauca, Colombia","New South American Parrots.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/441/mode/1up","Pyrrhura subandina caeruleiceps"],["11626","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura subandina","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.6","Subandean Parakeet","Subandean Parakeet",null,"2025-0642","The <em>Pyrrhura picta</em> complex is split into four species: <em>P. picta</em> (monotypic); <em>P. emma </em>(monotypic); <em>P. subandina</em> (polytypic, including <em>eisenmanni</em>); and <em>P. caeruleiceps</em>. Although this arrangement is supported by available genomic data (Smith et al. 2023), and although <em>subandina </em>and <em>eisenmanni </em>are likely sisters based on genomic data, further research is needed to determine whether <em>eisenmanni </em>also deserves species status. Unfortunately, <em>subandina </em>has not been reliably observed since 1949, which complicates comparative analyses with <em>eisenmanni</em>.","foothill and montane humid forest in the Azuero Peninsula of southern Panama, and highly disjunctly in South America in the Río Sinu valley, north of the western Andes, in Córdoba (where no recent records)",null,null,null,"paipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paipar1","avibase-6468B74C",null,null,"Jaraquiel, Bolívar, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/26/mode/1up","Pyrrhura subandina"],["11627","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura subandina eisenmanni","Delgado, 1985","Ornithological Monographs 36 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Panama (Azuero Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0425FD0",null,null,"Los Piraguales, El Cortezo de Tonosi, Los Santos Province, Azuero Peninsula, Republic of Panama; Holotype: AMNH 824181, adult male, 26 Feb. 1979, Francisco Delgado, original n. 4.","A new subspecies of the painted parakeet (Pyrrhura picta) from Panama.","https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112852/http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/om/om036.pdf","Pyrrhura picta eisenmanni"],["11628","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura subandina subandina","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia (lower Sinú River Valley); unrecorded since 1949 and possibly extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD549DD7",null,null,"Jaraquiel, Bolívar, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/26/mode/1up","Pyrrhura subandina"],["11629","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura perlata","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.35, pl.20, f.1-2","Crimson-bellied Parakeet","Crimson-bellied Parakeet","Crimson-bellied Parakeet",null,null,"Brazil (western Pará, eastern Amazonas, and Mato Grosso) to northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685812","crbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbpar1","avibase-E93BACCC",null,null,"Banks of the Amazon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/53/mode/1up","Aratinga perlatus"],["11630","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura lepida","(Wagler, 1832)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.643","Pearly Parakeet","Pearly Parakeet","Pearly Parakeet",null,null,"humid forest in northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River in Pará, Maranhão, and northern Tocantins southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685797","peapar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peapar1","avibase-EF8A94AA",null,null,"Brasilia versus flumen Amazonum [=Brazil towards the Amazon River]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42253#page/660/mode/1up","Sittace lepida"],["11631","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura lepida lepida","(Wagler, 1832)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.643",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil (northeastern Pará and northwestern Maranhão); this name may refer to intergrades between anerythra and coerulescens, rather than a valid taxon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86D0D03E",null,null,"Brasilia versus flumen Amazonum [=Brazil towards the Amazon River]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42253#page/660/mode/1up","Sittace lepida"],["11632","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura lepida anerythra","Neumann, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil (eastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E73880CF",null,null,"Arumattra, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0082-0089.pdf#page=8","Pyrrhura perlata anerythra"],["11633","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura lepida coerulescens","Neumann, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil (western and central Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E061F1F",null,null,"Miritiba, Maranhão.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0082-0089.pdf#page=8","Pyrrhura perlata coerulescens"],["11634","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura frontalis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.361","Maroon-bellied Parakeet","Maroon-bellied Parakeet","Maroon-bellied Parakeet",null,null,"humid montane forest, gallery, and araucaria forest from east-central Brazil (Bahia and southern Mato Grosso do Sul), southward to northern Uruguay, northern Argentina (southward to Santa Fe and Corrientes), and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685793","mabpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabpar","avibase-B24FFE53",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Perroquets, pl. 17, error, restricted to the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil by Laubmann, antea, 1932.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/379/mode/1up","Psittacus frontalis"],["11635","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura frontalis frontalis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia to Rio de Janeiro and northern São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFE75F17",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Perroquets, pl. 17, error, restricted to the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil by Laubmann, antea, 1932.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/379/mode/1up","Psittacus frontalis"],["11636","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to southeastern Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90D6CECB",null,null,"Paraguay not beyond lat. 27° S., ex Azara, no. 281.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/379/mode/1up","Psittacus chiripepe"],["11637","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura devillei","(Massena & de Souancé, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.73","Blaze-winged Parakeet","Blaze-winged Parakeet","Blaze-winged Parakeet",null,null,"forest of northern Paraguay and southwestern Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685790","blwpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwpar2","avibase-BA656D05",null,null,"Bolivia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/83/mode/1up","Conurus Devillei"],["11638","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura molinae","(Massena & de Souancé, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.73","Green-cheeked Parakeet","Green-cheeked Parakeet","Green-cheeked Parakeet",null,null,"deciduous to semi-humid, humid, and gallery forest in the Andean foothills of northwestern Bolivia eastward to the chaco of eastern Bolivia, south-central Brazil in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, and adjacent northern and western Paraguay, and along the Andean Yungas of southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina southward to Salta",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685820","gncpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gncpar","avibase-31679C53",null,null,"Chile and Bolivia, i.e. Bolivia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/83/mode/1up","Conurus molinae"],["11639","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura molinae flavoptera","Maijer, Herzog, Kessler et al., 1998","Ornitología Neotropical 9, no.2 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"western Bolivia (intermontane valleys in La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6762308D",null,null,"obtained in January 1994 from an inhabitant of Inquisivi, Prov. Inquisivi, Depto. La Paz, Bolivia. The owner reported to have bought it from a campesino in Sita (16°53’S, 67°07’W, elevation 2550 m), 4 km N Inquisivi on the opposite side of the Río Khatu valley.","A distinctive new subspecies of the Green-cheeked Parakeet (Pyrrhura molinae, Psittacidae) from Bolivia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol9/iss2/6/","Pyrrhura molinae flavoptera"],["11640","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura molinae molinae","(Massena & de Souancé, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7771B511",null,null,"Chile and Bolivia, i.e. Bolivia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/83/mode/1up","Conurus molinae"],["11641","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura molinae phoenicura","(Schlegel, 1864)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.5 Psittaci no.26 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Bolivia and western Brazil (western Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC4F374C",null,null,"Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso] and Brazil = Nas Areias, near Registo do Jauru Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51509#page/36/mode/1up","Conurus phoenicurus"],["11642","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura molinae hypoxantha","Salvadori, 1899","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.363 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (southern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A11209A9",null,null,"Urucúm, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/215/mode/1up","Pyrrhura hypoxantha"],["11643","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura molinae restricta","Todd, 1947","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Bolivia (Palmarito)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D072998F",null,null,"Palmarito, Río San Julian, Chiquitos, Bolivia","New South American Parrots.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216154#page/437/mode/1up","Pyrrhura molinae restricta"],["11644","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura molinae australis","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia (Tarija) to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AA467F8",null,null,"Río Bermejo [Province of Salta], Argentina.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/110/mode/1up","Pyrrhura molinae australis"],["11645","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura rupicola","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.304","Black-capped Parakeet","Black-capped Parakeet","Black-capped Parakeet",null,null,"humid forest in southeastern Peru from Ucayali southeastward to northwestern Bolivia, southward to La Paz, and eastward to western Brazil, in Acre, Rondônia, and southwestern Amazonas; also in Andean foothills of east-central Peru, in Pasco and Junín",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685857","blcpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcpar1","avibase-B3FCD547",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/312/mode/1up","Conurus rupicola"],["11646","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura rupicola rupicola","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of east-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99ACD0B2",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/312/mode/1up","Conurus rupicola"],["11647","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura rupicola sandiae","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1944","Notulae Naturae no.138 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and far western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65175F4D",null,null,"La Pampa, Sandia, Dept. Puno, south-eastern Peru","A new race of Pyrrhura rupicola from Peru.",null,"Pyrrhura rupicola sandiae"],["11648","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura orcesi","Ridgely & Robbins, 1988","Wilson Bulletin 100, no.2 p.174,175","El Oro Parakeet","El Oro Parakeet","El Oro Parakeet",null,null,"Andean foothills of southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Azuay)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685851","elopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elopar1","avibase-9C41D7C0",null,null,"ca. 9.5 road km. W of Pinas, ca. 900 m, 3 40' S, 79 44'W, Prov. El Oro, Ecuador","Pyrrhura orcesi, a new parakeet from southwestern Ecuador, with systematic notes on the P. melanura complex.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol100/iss2/1/","Pyrrhura orcesi"],["11649","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura albipectus","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.23 p.319","White-breasted Parakeet","White-necked Parakeet","White-necked Parakeet",null,null,"humid lowlands of southeastern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685860","whnpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnpar1","avibase-832FDAFE",null,null,"Zamora, 3000 feet, Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/819","Pyrrhura albipectus"],["11650","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura egregia","(Sclater, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.130 pl.4","Fiery-shouldered Parakeet","Fiery-shouldered Parakeet","Fiery-shouldered Parakeet",null,null,"humid forest in the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, far north Brazil in Roraima, and western Guyana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685843","fispar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fispar1","avibase-4B5C48AC",null,null,"'Supposed to be from Demerara.'","On an apparently new Parrot of the genus Conurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/166/mode/1up","Conurus egregius"],["11651","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura egregia egregia","(Sclater, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.130 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Roraima) and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B79373D",null,null,"'Supposed to be from Demerara.'","On an apparently new Parrot of the genus Conurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/166/mode/1up","Conurus egregius"],["11652","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura egregia obscura","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and far northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-910C616F",null,null,"Mt. Auyantepui, 1100 m., Venezuela","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Pyrrhura egregia obscura"],["11653","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura melanura","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.36, pl.22, f.1-2","Maroon-tailed Parakeet","Maroon-tailed Parakeet",null,"2025-0640","The monotypic taxa <em>chapmani </em>and <em>pacifica </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Pyrrhura melanura</em> based on available evidence. Multiple species may be involved but plumage variation within taxa, apparent paraphyly based on mitochondrial DNA (Ribas et al. 2006; MoriN0Lagos 2021), and the complex relationships inferred therein, indicate that further research, including a comprehensive genetic review of the entire <em>melanura-calliptera-albipectus</em> complex, is needed.","humid forest in the Amazonian lowlands of southern Venezuela southward across the western Amazon from northern Amazonas, Brazil, mainly north of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Negro, to eastern Colombia, Ecuador, and northeastern Peru; in the foothills of the Andes in the upper Magdalena Valley of central Colombia, in the western Andes of far southwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes of southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru southward to the Huallaga Valley",null,null,null,"matpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/matpar2","avibase-EE73418A",null,null,"Tabatinga, Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/54/mode/1up","Aratinga melanurus"],["11654","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura melanura pacifica","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97CCB702",null,null,"Buenavista, 1200 feet, Nariño, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Pyrrhura melanura pacifica"],["11655","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura melanura chapmani","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 92 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical east slope of central Andes of southern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A638784",null,null,"La Plata (7800 ft.). Huila, Colombia, Nov. 15, 1939, by Kjell von Sneidern","On some Birds from southern Colombia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064306","Pyrrhura chapmani"],["11656","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura melanura melanura","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.36, pl.22, f.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-494FA08A",null,null,"Tabatinga, Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/54/mode/1up","Aratinga melanurus"],["11657","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura melanura souancei","(Verreaux, 1858)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.437 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia (Macarena Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1859DBF",null,null,"No locality given = Río Napo, Ecuador.","Description d'un Perroquet nouveau.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/441/mode/1up","Microsittace Souancei"],["11658","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura melanura berlepschi","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.224 pl.2 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00675747",null,null,"Chyavetas, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/246/mode/1up","Pyrrhura berlepschi"],["11659","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura hoffmanni","(Cabanis, 1861)","Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin [no p.]","Sulphur-winged Parakeet","Sulphur-winged Parakeet","Sulphur-winged Parakeet",null,null,"montane forest and edge from west-central Costa Rica through west-central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685885","suwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suwpar1","avibase-854F3163",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,null,"Conurus hoffmanni"],["11660","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura hoffmanni hoffmanni","(Cabanis, 1861)","Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin [no p.]",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-261E4948",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,null,"Conurus hoffmanni"],["11661","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens","Bangs, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Panama and Caribbean slope of Bocas del Toro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58C54CB6",null,null,"Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama.","Notes on birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, with descriptions of new forms and new records for Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/139/mode/1up","Pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens"],["11662","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura calliptera","(Massena & de Souancé, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.72","Flame-winged Parakeet","Brown-breasted Parakeet","Brown-breasted Parakeet",null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá and Cundinamarca)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685867","brbpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbpar2","avibase-4F34A55C",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade et la Colombie.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/82/mode/1up","Conurus callipterus"],["11663","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura rhodocephala","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.787","Rose-crowned Parakeet","Rose-headed Parakeet","Rose-headed Parakeet",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida, Táchira, and Trujillo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685877","rohpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rohpar1","avibase-B59DC31F",null,null,"Vicinity of Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/907/mode/1up","Conurus rhodocephalus"],["11664","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura viridicata","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.174","Santa Marta Parakeet","Santa Marta Parakeet","Santa Marta Parakeet",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685836","sampar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sampar1","avibase-2997FB71",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/216/mode/1up","Pyrrhura viridicata"],["11665","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura hoematotis","de Souancé, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.97","Blood-eared Parakeet","Red-eared Parakeet","Red-eared Parakeet",null,null,"humid montane forest in the coastal cordillera of north-central Venezuela, from Aragua eastward to Miranda, and in the northern part of the Andes of Venezuela, in Lara",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685873","reepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reepar1","avibase-3CACB009",null,null,"Venezuela.","Descriptions de trois nouvelles espèces de Perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/105/mode/1up","Pyrrhura hoematotis"],["11666","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura hoematotis immarginata","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"known only from the type locality in northwestern Venezuela (Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8794EC6E",null,null,"Cubiro, State of Lara, Venezuela, alt. 1800 m","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Pyrrhura hoematotis immarginata"],["11667","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Pyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis","de Souancé, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Venezuela (Aragua to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E24928B",null,null,"Venezuela.","Descriptions de trois nouvelles espèces de Perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/105/mode/1up","Pyrrhura hoematotis"],["11668","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Enicognathus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacara leptorhyncha [King, PP, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/65/mode/1up","Enicognathus"],["11669","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Enicognathus leptorhynchus","(King, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.14","Slender-billed Parakeet","Slender-billed Parakeet","Slender-billed Parakeet",null,null,"lowlands of Chile (Aconcagua to northern Aysén and Chiloé Island)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685891","slbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbpar1","avibase-534CC52A",null,null,"Chiloé Island.","Exhibition of several new species of birds belonging to the collection brought home from the Straits of Magellan by Captain King.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/28/mode/1up","Psittacara leptorhyncha"],["11670","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Enicognathus ferrugineus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.75","Austral Parakeet","Austral Parakeet","Austral Parakeet",null,null,"temperate forest in the Andes of central Chile and Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685888","auspar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auspar1","avibase-7A8B7C27",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus ferrugineus"],["11671","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Enicognathus ferrugineus minor","(Chapman, 1919)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, art.5 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile (Colchagua to Aysén) and adjacent Andes of southwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECABF6A2",null,null,"Corral, Chile.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Microsittace ferrugineus minor"],["11672","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Enicognathus ferrugineus ferrugineus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Nothofagus forest of far southern Chile and southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-993617CD",null,null,"Straits of Magellan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus ferrugineus"],["11673","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanoliseus","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus patagonus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/160/mode/1up","Cyanoliseus"],["11674","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanoliseus patagonus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.367","Burrowing Parrot","Burrowing Parakeet","Burrowing Parrot",null,null,"shrubland and savanna from the Andes of northern Argentina (Salta), southward to Patagonia (northern Santa Cruz), and eastward to southern Buenos Aires, locally in central Chile (northern Atacama and Coqumbo, and southward in regions Metropolitana, O'Higgins, and Maule); winters northward to northern Buenos Aires and southern Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685779","burpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burpar","avibase-1A7D8F6B",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/385/mode/1up","Psittacus patagonus"],["11675","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanoliseus patagonus andinus","Dabbene & Lillo, 1913","Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 24 p.188, pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (Salta to San Luis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68834B76",null,null,"Colalao del Valle, Tucumán.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51062#page/204/mode/1up","Cyanolyseus andinus"],["11676","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanoliseus patagonus conlara","Nores & Yzurieta, 1983","El Hornero ExtraNumber p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Argentina (San Luis and Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E564E2CA",null,null,"Conearán,San Luis, Argentina. 9-7-1979","Especiacion en las sierras Pampeanas de Cordoba y San Luis (Argentina), con descripcion de siete nuevas subespecies de aves.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1142","Cyanoliseus patagonus conlara"],["11677","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanoliseus patagonus patagonus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"central to southeastern Argentina; winters to northern Argentina and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E0428E0",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/385/mode/1up","Psittacus patagonus"],["11678","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanoliseus patagonus bloxami","Olson, 1995","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 115 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile (Atacama to Valdivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-901FF756",null,null,"near Concepcion, Chile, probably on the ‘Talcahuano Peninsula, between 29 September and 12 October 1825, by Andrew Bloxam.","Types and nomenclature of two Chilean parrots from the voyage of HMS Blonde (1825).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/262/mode/1up","Cyanoliseus patagonus bloxami"],["11679","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Anodorhynchus","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anodorhynchus maximiliani [Spix, 1824]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/153/mode/1up","Anodorhynchus"],["11680","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.84","Hyacinth Macaw","Hyacinth Macaw","Hyacinth Macaw",null,null,"interior southern Brazil, far northwestern Paraguay, and adjacent eastern Bolivia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685516","hyamac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hyamac1","avibase-3B7073D1",null,null,"Rio Tapajós, Brazil (designated by Griscom & Greenway 1941)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/106/mode/1up","Psittacus hyacinthinus"],["11681","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Anodorhynchus glaucus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 2 p.259","Glaucous Macaw","Glaucous Macaw","Glaucous Macaw",null,null,"formerly southern Brazil, southern Paraguay, northeastern Uruguay, and northern Argentina; possibly extinct","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685527","glamac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glamac1","avibase-6DCCF66C",null,null,"South America between lat. 27° and 30° S. ... on the banks of the Paraná and Uruguay Rivers, ex Azara, 1, p. 402.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68872#page/277/mode/1up","Macrocercus glaucus"],["11682","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Anodorhynchus leari","Bonaparte, 1856","Naumannia 6 Consp.Psitt.inBeilag.no.1FALSE","Lear's Macaw","Indigo Macaw","Lear's Macaw",null,null,"Caatinga of eastern Brazil (northern Bahia); on verge of extinction",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685521","indmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indmac1","avibase-FF910F60",null,null,"No locality, presumed to have come from Brazil.","Beilage Nr. 1. Tabellarische Uebersicht der Papageien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49215#page/542/mode/1up","Anodorhynchus leari"],["11683","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Conuropsis","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus carolinensis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/225/mode/1up","Conuropsis"],["11684","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Conuropsis carolinensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97","Carolina Parakeet","Carolina Parakeet","Carolina Parakeet",null,null,"formerly bottomland forest and cypress swamps in central and eastern USA, as far west as Colorado, north to southern Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, southward to southern Texas, northeastward to New York and southeastward to southern Florida; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685776","carpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carpar","avibase-90002523",null,null,"Carolina and Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus carolinensis"],["11685","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Conuropsis carolinensis carolinensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southeastern USA, from Virginia to Florida; extinct, last records in wild from 1930s, last bird in captivity died 1918","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0A5DD68",null,null,"Carolina and Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus carolinensis"],["11686","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Conuropsis carolinensis ludoviciana","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly south-central USA, across the Mississippi–Missouri River drainages; extinct","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E3EFC77",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/359/mode/1up","Psittacus ludovicianus"],["11687","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus luteus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 87). = Psittacus solstitialis Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/47/mode/1up","Aratinga"],["11688","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga weddellii","(Deville, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.209","Dusky-headed Parakeet","Dusky-headed Parakeet","Dusky-headed Parakeet",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685732","duhpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duhpar","avibase-02C13BB0",null,null,"Pebas, upper Amazon.","Note sur quatre espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux provenant de l'expédition de M. Castelnau ; le Conurus Weddellii, C. jugularis, C. Luciani et Cultrides Pucheranii'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/225/mode/1up","Conurus Weddellii"],["11689","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga nenday","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1400","Nanday Parakeet","Nanday Parakeet","Nanday Parakeet",null,null,"Pantanal of southeastern Bolivia, southwestern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685752","bkhpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhpar","avibase-8B85CB2C",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/508/mode/1up","Psittacus nenday"],["11690","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga auricapillus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.20","Golden-capped Parakeet","Golden-capped Parakeet","Golden-capped Parakeet",null,null,"semi-deciduous forest from eastern Brazil in Alagoas southward along eastern Brazil to Paraná, and to the Cerrado of interior Brazil eastward to Goais, western São Paulo, and easternmost Mato Grosso do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685710","gocpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocpar2","avibase-58CCB269",null,null,"Brazil = Bahia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/88/mode/1up","Psittacus auricapillus"],["11691","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga auricapillus auricapillus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (northern and central Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F6339DE",null,null,"Brazil = Bahia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/88/mode/1up","Psittacus auricapillus"],["11692","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga auricapillus aurifrons","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.32, pl.16, f.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to southern Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FCC5760",null,null,"Minas Geraes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/50/mode/1up","Aratinga aurifrons"],["11693","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga jandaya","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.319","Jandaya Parakeet","Jandaya Parakeet","Jandaya Parakeet",null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Brazil (eastern Pará and Goiás to Alagoas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685707","janpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/janpar1","avibase-29F9CF96",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/331/mode/1up","Psittacus Jandaya"],["11694","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga solstitialis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97","Sun Parakeet","Sun Parakeet","Sun Parakeet",null,null,"Guyana, Suriname, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62233372","sunpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunpar1","avibase-4D5DF222",null,null,"Guinea, error = Cayenne substituted by Hellmayr, antea, 1906, p. 580.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus solstitialis"],["11695","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Aratinga maculata","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.74","Sulphur-breasted Parakeet","Sulphur-breasted Parakeet","Sulphur-breasted Parakeet",null,null,"Brazil (north bank of lower Amazon River in Pará)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735551","subpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subpar1","avibase-735E9E38",null,null,"Cayenne",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/94/mode/1up","Psittacus maculatus"],["11696","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanopsitta","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct in the Wild",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sittace spixii [Wagler, 1832]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 20, p. 150).",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/159/mode/1up","Cyanopsitta"],["11697","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Cyanopsitta spixii","(Wagler, 1832)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.675","Spix's Macaw","Spix's Macaw","Spix's Macaw",null,null,"palm groves of northeastern Brazil (northern Bahia); on verge of extinction","Extinct in the Wild","EW","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685533","spimac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spimac1","avibase-FB8F32C3",null,null,"Based on Arara hyacinthinus Spix, not of Latham, type from Joazeiro, Rio São Francisco, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42253#page/693/mode/1up","Sittace Spixii"],["11698","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Orthopsittaca","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus manilatus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/133/mode/1up","Orthopsittaca"],["11699","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Orthopsittaca manilatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.52","Red-bellied Macaw","Red-bellied Macaw","Red-bellied Macaw",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to the Guianas, Trinidad, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685585","rebmac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebmac2","avibase-9A5F4D95",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 864.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/74/mode/1up","Psittacus manilatus"],["11700","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Primolius","Bonaparte, 1857","Remarques à propos des observations de M. Émile Blanchard sur les caractères ostéologiques chez les oiseaux de la famille des Psittacides, et tableau des genres de perroquets disposés en séries parallèles p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ara auricollis [Cassin, 1853]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 20, p. 151).",null,null,null,"Primolius"],["11701","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Primolius couloni","(Sclater, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.255,fig.","Blue-headed Macaw","Blue-headed Macaw","Blue-headed Macaw",null,null,"eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and far western Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685593","buhmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buhmac1","avibase-5162EBDF",null,null,"Eastern Peru.","[Exhibition and description of an hitherto unrecognized species of Parrot].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/313/mode/1up","Ara couloni"],["11702","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Primolius maracana","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 2 p.260","Blue-winged Macaw","Blue-winged Macaw","Blue-winged Macaw",null,null,"eastern Brazil to Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685606","buwmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwmac1","avibase-A6B715E5",null,null,"Paraguay ex Azara, no. 274.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68872#page/278/mode/1up","Macrocercus maracana"],["11703","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Primolius auricollis","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.372","Golden-collared Macaw","Yellow-collared Macaw","Yellow-collared Macaw",null,null,"northeastern Bolivia to Paraguay, southwestern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685628","yecmac","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecmac","avibase-50E2CC40",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/394/mode/1up","Ara auricollis"],["11704","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus macao [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Ridgway, 1916, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 7, p. 119).",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1#v=onepage","Ara"],["11705","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara tricolor","Bechstein, 1811","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.64, pl.1","Cuban Macaw","Cuban Macaw","Cuban Macaw",null,null,"formerly Cuba; extinct, last reported 1864","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724513","cubmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubmac1","avibase-A5504B38",null,null,"South America, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Perroquets, 1, p. 13, pl. 5 = Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/82/mode/1up","Ara tricolor"],["11706","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara severus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97","Chestnut-fronted Macaw","Chestnut-fronted Macaw","Chestnut-fronted Macaw",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685577","chfmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chfmac1","avibase-25BE1729",null,null,"Indies, error, Amazon River substituted by Hellmayr, antea, p. 578.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus severus"],["11707","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara rubrogenys","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.65","Red-fronted Macaw","Red-fronted Macaw","Red-fronted Macaw",null,null,"Andean valleys of central Bolivia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685572","refmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refmac1","avibase-929DECF1",null,null,"Bolivia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Bolivie et de Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/73/mode/1up","Ara rubro-genys"],["11708","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara ararauna","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.96","Blue-and-yellow Macaw","Blue-and-yellow Macaw","Blue-and-yellow Macaw",null,null,"eastern Panama and Colombia eastward to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, southward to Bolivia and east-central Brazil; formerly occurred in Trinidad (recently reintroduced), Paraguay (where small population persists?, and perhaps northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685539","baymac","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baymac","avibase-18AEC353",null,null,"South America = Pernambuco, ex Marcgrave, Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Kl. 2, 22, 1906, Abth. 3, p. 577.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/114/mode/1up","Psittacus Ararauna"],["11709","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara glaucogularis","Dabbene, 1921","El Hornero 2, no.3 p.225","Blue-throated Macaw","Blue-throated Macaw","Blue-throated Macaw",null,null,"northern Bolivia (Llanos de Moxos, Beni)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685542","bltmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltmac1","avibase-EFF095BD",null,null,"Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Dept. of Santa Cruz, Bolivia","Miscelanea Ornitologica","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108172#page/265/mode/1up","Ara glaucogularis"],["11710","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara chloropterus","Gray, 1859","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.26","Red-and-green Macaw","Red-and-green Macaw","Red-and-green Macaw",null,null,"eastern Panama south and east of the Andes, to Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay; formerly also northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685566","ragmac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ragmac1","avibase-5DBFB188",null,null,"British Guiana [=Guyana]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/66/mode/1up","Ara chloropterus"],["11711","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara macao","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.96","Scarlet Macaw","Scarlet Macaw","Scarlet Macaw",null,null,"humid forest from easternmost Mexico, in Chiapas, northern Guatemala, and Belize, locally eastward in eastern Honduras and northern Nicaragua, southernmost Nicaragua, northern Costa Rica, the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama to the Azuero Peninsula (and including Coiba); in South America in the lowlands of northern Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley to southern Antioquia; and east of the Andes in the llanos, and Orinoco and Amazon basins from northern Venezuela southward across Amazonia to central Bolivia; in northeastern Brazil eastward to Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685563","scamac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scamac1","avibase-5B015EDA",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/114/mode/1up","Psittacus Macao"],["11712","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara macao cyanopterus","Wiedenfeld, 1995","Ornitología Neotropical 5, no.2 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-127E7992",null,null,"11.2 km northeast of Choluteca, Depto. Choluteca, Honduras, elevation 61 m;","A NEW SUBSPECIES OF SCARLET MACAW AND ITS STATUS AND CONSERVATION","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol5/iss2/4/","Ara macoa cyanoptera"],["11713","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara macao macao","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to Colombia, the Guianas, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-896654B9",null,null,"South America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/114/mode/1up","Psittacus Macao"],["11714","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara militaris","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.139","Military Macaw","Military Macaw","Military Macaw",null,null,"montane dry to humid and oak-pine forest in Mexico in the Sierra Madre Occidental (central Sonora southward to Oaxaca), and in the Sierra Madre Oriental (eastern Nuevo León and eastern San Luis Potosí), and highly disjunctly in South America in deciduous to humid forest in the foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the mountains of coastal Venezuela (Falcón eastward to western Anzoategui), and in the western and central Andes of northern Colombia and eastern Andes of south-central Colombia southward in the eastern Andes to the Yungas of northernmost Argentina (Salta)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685548","milmac","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/milmac","avibase-50C9E950",null,null,"No locality, Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 80, suggest Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/143/mode/1up","Psittacus militaris"],["11715","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara militaris mexicanus","Ridgway, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (Sonora to Isthmus of Tehuántepec)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B44E827D",null,null,"Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico.","Descriptions of some new forms of American Cuckoos, Parrots, and Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/140/mode/1up","Ara militaris mexicana"],["11716","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara militaris militaris","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Colombia to northwestern Venezuela, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53311218",null,null,"No locality, Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 80, suggest Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/143/mode/1up","Psittacus militaris"],["11717","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara militaris bolivianus","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Bolivia and far northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5E2F9C4",null,null,"Machareti, southeastern Bolivia.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/29/mode/1up","Ara militaris boliviana"],["11718","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara ambiguus","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.65","Great Green Macaw","Great Green Macaw","Great Green Macaw",null,null,"forest and clearings in lowlands and hills of Caribbean slope, in northeastern Honduras and north-central Nicaragua; southeastern Nicaragua and eastern Costa Rica",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685553","grgmac","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grgmac","avibase-8C233878",null,null,"South America, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Perroquets, 1, p. 15, pl. 6 = northwestern Colombia by designation of Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 205, 1925, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/85/mode/1up","Psittacus ambiguus"],["11719","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara ambiguus ambiguus","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64714B78",null,null,"South America, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Perroquets, 1, p. 15, pl. 6 = northwestern Colombia by designation of Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 205, 1925, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/85/mode/1up","Psittacus ambiguus"],["11720","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ara ambiguus guayaquilensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador and adjacent southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B700E2AA",null,null,"Cerro Bajo Verde, Chongon Hills, 20 miles northwest of Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Descriptions of one new genus and of species of birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Ara ambigua guayaquilensis"],["11721","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.807.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus canicularis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Psittacus canicularis Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/817/mode/1up","Eupsittula"],["11722","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula cactorum","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.82","Caatinga Parakeet","Cactus Parakeet","Cactus Parakeet",null,null,"arid scrub in the Caatinga of eastern Brazil from coastal eastern Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, and Rio Grande do Norte southward across interior and coastal Brazil to southern Minas Gerais and southern Bahia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685748","cacpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cacpar1","avibase-5652A345",null,null,"Brazil: Cory suggests Bahia for the type locality; Hellmayr states that the specimens in Wied's collection upon which Kuhl's name is based came from Vareda, Rio Pardo and near Os Possoes in southeastern Bahia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/150/mode/1up","Psittacus cactorum"],["11723","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula cactorum caixana","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.34, pl.19, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Caatinga of northeastern Brazil (Pará to northwestern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F325D033",null,null,"No locality, Caxias, Piauhy, suggested by Hellmayr, antea, 1929, p. 441.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/52/mode/1up","Aratinga caixana"],["11724","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula cactorum cactorum","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"inland Caatinga of northeastern Brazil (Bahia and adjacent Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D001474",null,null,"Brazil: Cory suggests Bahia for the type locality; Hellmayr states that the specimens in Wied's collection upon which Kuhl's name is based came from Vareda, Rio Pardo and near Os Possoes in southeastern Bahia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/150/mode/1up","Psittacus cactorum"],["11725","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.98","Brown-throated Parakeet","Brown-throated Parakeet","Brown-throated Parakeet",null,null,"savanna, arid scrub, deciduous to humid forest and mangrove in the Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica eastward to south-central Panama; in South America in the lowlands of northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Valle del Cauca and Huila), and eastward to northern Venezuela to Paría Peninsula, and including islas La Tortuga and Margarita, also Bonaire, Aruba, and Curaçao, and eastward across the Guianas to eastern French Guiana; from eastern Venezuela and Guyana also southward to northern Brazil (Roraima and Amazonas), north of the Amazon River, and locally in western Pará and eastern Amazonas, south of the Amazon River (along the Rio Tapajós); east of the Andes also in the llanos and Orinoco basin of southwestern Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to Caqueta",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685745","brtpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtpar1","avibase-C9664259",null,null,"'in Indiis' i.e. Curaçao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/116/mode/1up","Psittacus pertinax"],["11726","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax ocularis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B515691",null,null,"Panama, i.e. the line of the Panama Railroad.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/451/mode/1up","Conurus ocularis"],["11727","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax aeruginosa","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F5428FC",null,null,"America = 'West Indies,' e.t; Edwards; Calamar, lower Magdalena River, Colombia, suggested as type locality by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 257.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/116/mode/1up","Psittacus aeruginosus"],["11728","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax griseipecta","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1950)","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sinú River Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62F20943",null,null,"Tierra Alta, Bolívar, Colombia","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Aratinga pertinax griseipecta"],["11729","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax lehmanni","(Dugand, 1943)","Caldasia 2, no.7 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia (possibly adjacent western Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1115F090",null,null,"Cano Quenane, llanos del Meta, al este de Villavicencio, 450 m alt., Colombia","Dos nuevas aves de Colombia. Colinus cristatus : Clave analitica y distribucion geografica de las subespecies conocidas en Colombia.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/31871/31898","Aratinga pertinax lehmanni"],["11730","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax arubensis","(Hartert, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.4 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66740391",null,null,"Aruba, Dutch West Indies.","Conurus arubensis, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/42/mode/1up","Conurus arubensis"],["11731","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax pertinax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Curaçao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6364E67",null,null,"'in Indiis' i.e. Curaçao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/116/mode/1up","Psittacus pertinax"],["11732","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax xanthogenia","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E98C127",null,null,"Interior of Brazil (Brasilia), error = Bonaire, Dutch West Indies.","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/19/mode/1up","Conurus xanthogenius"],["11733","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax tortugensis","(Cory, 1909)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.5 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla la Tortuga (off northern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-905E407D",null,null,"Tortuga Island, Venezuela","The birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20484#page/36/mode/1up","Conurus aeruginosus tortugensis"],["11734","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax margaritensis","Cory, 1918","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.2, no.1 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Margarita and Los Frailes (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F789A17",null,null,"Margarita Island.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part 2, no.1. Families Bubonidae, Tytonidae, Psittacidae, Steatornithidae, Alcedinidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Nyctibiidae, Caprimulgidae, Cypselidae, Trochilidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15559#page/71/mode/1up","Eupsittula pertinax margaritensis"],["11735","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax venezuelae","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1511 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"generally distributed throughout Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A5DC12F",null,null,"Alta Gracia, Orinoco, Venezuela","New subspecies of birds from Surinam and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3971/","Aratinga pertinax venezuelae"],["11736","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax surinama","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1511 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2D630E5",null,null,"Surinam","New subspecies of birds from Surinam and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3971/","Aratinga pertinax surinama"],["11737","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax chrysophrys","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and adjacent Brazil (northern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C15BA22",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/332/mode/1up","Conurus chrysophrys"],["11738","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax chrysogenys","(Massena & de Souancé, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Amazonian Brazil (middle Rio Negro region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6507A519",null,null,"les bords du Río Negro et la Colombie [banks of Río Negro and Colombia]","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/82/mode/1up","Conurus chrysogenys"],["11739","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula pertinax paraensis","(Sick, 1959)","Journal für Ornithologie 100, no.4 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós and Rio Cururu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8297A61",null,null,"Alto Cururu, Pará, Brazil","Ein neuer Sittich aus Brasilien : Aratinga catorum paraënsis, subsp. nova.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671195","Aratinga cactorum paraënsis"],["11740","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula aurea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.329","Peach-fronted Parakeet","Peach-fronted Parakeet","Peach-fronted Parakeet",null,null,"Suriname to southern Brazil, southeastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685742","pefpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pefpar1","avibase-B7D06CF9",null,null,"Brazil, restricted to Bahia by Cherrie and Reichenberger.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/341/mode/1up","Psittacus aureus"],["11741","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula canicularis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.98","Orange-fronted Parakeet","Orange-fronted Parakeet","Orange-fronted Parakeet",null,null,"deciduous forest, scrub, open areas, and towns of lowlands and hills from Pacific slope from central Sinaloa (northwestern Mexico) to central Costa Rica",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685739","orfpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orfpar","avibase-71F8EC07",null,null,"America = 'West Indies,' ex Edwards; northwestern Costa Rica designated as type locality by Bangs and Peters, 1928.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/116/mode/1up","Psittacus canicularis"],["11742","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula canicularis clarae","(Moore, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sinaloa to Colima, Durango, and Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEEC7805",null,null,"El Morino, northeastern Sinaloa, Mexico","Four new Birds from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/131/mode/1up","Aratinga canicularis clarae"],["11743","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula canicularis eburnirostrum","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (eastern Michoacán to Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8A6F53B",null,null,"Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus (Aratinga) eburnirostrum"],["11744","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula canicularis canicularis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical western Mexico (Chiapas) to western Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D927F4E0",null,null,"America = 'West Indies,' ex Edwards; northwestern Costa Rica designated as type locality by Bangs and Peters, 1928.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/116/mode/1up","Psittacus canicularis"],["11745","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula nana","(Vigors, 1830)","The Zoological Journal 5, no.18 p.273","Olive-throated Parakeet","Olive-throated Parakeet",null,"2025-0634","Taxon <em>astec </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Eupsittula nana</em> based on relatively minor differences in plumage and low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Latta et al. 2010). Furthermore, vocal analyses are lacking and differences in bill size may reflect local adaptation; further research would be informative given the unusual biogeographic pattern.","deciduous forest and other wooded habitats of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from southern Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico) through Yucatan Peninsula including Cozumel (native?) to western Panama (including Bocas del Toro); Jamaica; introduced west-central Hispaniola",null,null,null,"oltpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oltpar1","avibase-31172F88",null,null,"Jamaica.","[in XXXVII. Scientific Notices.] Notice on some species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/287/mode/1up","Psittacara nana"],["11746","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula nana vicinalis","Bangs & Penard, 1919","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.2 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas to northeastern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B9B7587",null,null,"Altamira, Tamaulipas.","Some critical notes on birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/36/mode/1up","Eupsittula astec vicinalis"],["11747","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula nana astec","(de Souancé, 1857)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico to far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E31C9E42",null,null,"Mexico.","Descriptions de trois nouvelles espèces de Perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/105/mode/1up","Conurus astec"],["11748","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Eupsittula nana nana","(Vigors, 1830)","The Zoological Journal 5, no.18 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica; a population on Hispaniola (Sierra de Baoruco, Dominican Republic) is believed to stem from a recent introduction from Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCBE9A76",null,null,"Jamaica.","[in XXXVII. Scientific Notices.] Notice on some species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/287/mode/1up","Psittacara nana"],["11749","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ognorhynchus","Bonaparte, 1857","Remarques à propos des observations de M. Émile Blanchard sur les caractères ostéologiques chez les oiseaux de la famille des Psittacides, et tableau des genres de perroquets disposés en séries parallèles p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Conurus icterotis [Massena & Souancé, 1854]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Ognorhynchus"],["11750","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Ognorhynchus icterotis","(Massena & de Souancé, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, no.6 p.71","Yellow-eared Parrot","Yellow-eared Parrot","Yellow-eared Parrot",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685760","yeepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeepar1","avibase-BCCB23F5",null,null,"Ocana, Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/81/mode/1up","Conurus icterotis"],["11751","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Leptosittaca","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.402 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leptosittaca branickii [von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/434/mode/1up","Leptosittaca"],["11752","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Leptosittaca branickii","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.402 pl.11","Golden-plumed Parakeet","Golden-plumed Parakeet","Golden-plumed Parakeet",null,null,"humid Andes of southern Colombia to Ecuador and central Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685755","goppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goppar1","avibase-B6D7DD31",null,null,"Central Peruvian Highlands 10000-13000 feet; the type is from Maraynioc.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/434/mode/1up","Leptosittaca branickii"],["11753","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Thectocercus","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.99.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus acuticaudatus [Vieillot]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/133/mode/1up","Thectocercus"],["11754","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Thectocercus acuticaudatus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.369","Blue-crowned Parakeet","Blue-crowned Parakeet","Blue-crowned Parakeet","2025-0635","Taxon <em>acuticaudatus </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Thectocercus </em>following Remsen et al. (2013). Sometimes placed in <em>Psittacara</em>, but this relationship is not supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Urantówka et al. 2013).","woodland, cactus savanna, gallery forest, and deciduous to humid forest in the lowlands of northern Venezuela, including Isla Margarita, westward to northeastern Colombia in the Guajira Peninsula and southward to northern Cesar, then southwestward across the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia and southward in eastern Venezuela to the savanna of central Bolívar; also Cerrado, Caatinga and chaco woodland from eastern Brazil from northeastern Maranhão and Piauí southward to northern Minas Gerais, and in southern Brazil from southern Mato Grosso and western Mato Grosso do Sul southward across eastern Bolivia and most Paraguay to southern Buenos Aires and eastern Rio Negro, Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685648","bucpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucpar","avibase-4BE8E5F1",null,null,"Paraguay in lat. 24° S., ex Azara no. 278.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/387/mode/1up","Psittacus acuticaudatus"],["11755","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Thectocercus acuticaudatus koenigi","(Arndt, 1995)","Lexicon of parrots 3 Pt7 no.221FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Colombia, and northern Venezuela (eastward to Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B01455AA",null,null,"Quiribana de Caicara, Bolívar, Venezuela",null,null,"Aratinga acuticaudata koenigi"],["11756","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Thectocercus acuticaudatus neoxenus","(Cory, 1909)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.5 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9395FA1",null,null,"Boca del Rio, Margarita Island, Venezuela.","The birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20484#page/59/mode/1up","Conurus neoxenus"],["11757","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Thectocercus acuticaudatus haemorrhous","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.29, pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"interior northeastern Brazil (southern Piauí, northern Bahia, Pernambuco, Alagoas, northern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF0FBF08",null,null,"Campo Alegre, Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/47/mode/1up","Aratinga haemorrhous"],["11758","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Thectocercus acuticaudatus neumanni","(Blake & Traylor, 1947)","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Bolivia (Cochabamba, western Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, and perhaps Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B9F65E1",null,null,"Comarapa, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, alt. 2500 m.","The subspecies of Aratinga acuticaudata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21602#page/10/mode/1up","Aratinga acuticaudata neumanni"],["11759","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Thectocercus acuticaudatus acuticaudatus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and far southwestern Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul) to northern Argentina (southward to eastern La Pampa and western Buenos Aires); probably extinct in Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ACEA559",null,null,"Paraguay in lat. 24° S., ex Azara no. 278.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/387/mode/1up","Psittacus acuticaudatus"],["11760","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Guaruba","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus guarouba [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/248/mode/1up","Guaruba"],["11761","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Guaruba guarouba","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.320","Golden Parakeet","Golden Parakeet","Golden Parakeet",null,null,"northeastern Brazil (northern Maranhão and Pará)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724703","golpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golpar3","avibase-1F894CC3",null,null,"No locality =, northeastern Brazil, ex Marcgrave.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/332/mode/1up","Psittacus Guarouba"],["11762","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Diopsittaca","Ridgway, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus nobilis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/133/mode/1up","Diopsittaca"],["11763","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Diopsittaca nobilis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97","Red-shouldered Macaw","Red-shouldered Macaw",null,"2025-0636","Taxon <em>cumanensis </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Diopsittaca nobilis</em> based on variability in the phenotypic characters considered diagnostic; further research needed.","savanna, woodland, and Caatinga from northeastern and central Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northern Brazil (Roraima and Amapá), southward locally across eastern Amazonian Brazil to southern Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul and western São Paulo), the Pampas del Heath of southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios) northwestern Bolivia (La Paz), northern Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Beni), and northernmost Paraguay",null,null,null,"resmac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resmac2","avibase-A4E6B481",null,null,"South America = Surinam ex Mus. Ad. Frid., Prodr., p. 13.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus nobilis"],["11764","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Diopsittaca nobilis nobilis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil north of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D06F2AAA",null,null,"South America = Surinam ex Mus. Ad. Frid., Prodr., p. 13.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus nobilis"],["11765","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Diopsittaca nobilis cumanensis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the lower Amazon River to northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC08C105",null,null,"Brazil = Bay of Cuman, Maranhão.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/26/mode/1up","Psittacus cumanensis"],["11766","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Diopsittaca nobilis longipennis","Neumann, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 3 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru and northeastern Bolivia to central and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5C66A85",null,null,"Rio São Miguel, northwest of Forte, Goyaz [=Goiás, Brazil].","Neue Unterarten südamerikanischer Vögel.",null,"Diopsitta nobilis longipennis"],["11767","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.7 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus guianensis \"Linnaeus\" = Psittacus gujanensis [J.F. Gmelin, 1788]; type by original designation = Psittacus leucophthalmus Statius Muller, 1776",null,"Sketches in ornithology; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/416/mode/1up","Psittacara"],["11768","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara leucophthalmus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.75","White-eyed Parakeet","White-eyed Parakeet","White-eyed Parakeet",null,null,"deciduous forest and scrub, gallery forest and humid forest from central and eastern Venezuela eastward across the Guianas to northeastern Brazil southeastward to eastern Piauí; in the western Amazon from eastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia and eastward across the Brazilian Amazon, and southward across eastern Bolivia and Paraguay to northern Argentina; in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from central Bahia southward to Rio Grande do Sul and northern and eastern Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685682","whepar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whepar2","avibase-53A45E87",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus leucophthalmus"],["11769","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara leucophthalmus callogenys","(Salvadori, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northwestern Peru, and far northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44967057",null,null,"Juna and Sarayacu, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/210/mode/1up","Conurus callogenys"],["11770","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara leucophthalmus leucophthalmus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela to the Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31275816",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus leucophthalmus"],["11771","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara leucophthalmus nicefori","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1946)","Notulae Naturae no.163 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"known from one specimen from eastern Colombia (Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCD321CB",null,null,"Guaicaramo, Río Guavio, Cundinamarca-Meta, Colombia","Notes on Colombian birds.",null,"Aratinga leucophthalmus nicefori"],["11772","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara wagleri","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.413, pl.CII","Scarlet-fronted Parakeet","Scarlet-fronted Parakeet","Scarlet-fronted Parakeet","2025-0638","Taxon <em>frontatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Psittacara wagleri</em> based on consistent differences in plumage, morphometrics (Donegan et al. 2016), and habitat. Genetic data are fragmentary (Urantówka et al. 2013; Urantówka &amp; Mackiewicz 2016; Smith et al. 2023) and no study has included both taxa.","humid forest in montane areas of northern Venezuela eastward to the Paría Peninsula, and in the Andes of western Venezuela, the Sierra de Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southward along the Andes of Colombia to Nariño",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62293391","scfpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scfpar2","avibase-8B1CF9DF",null,null,"No locality, the type in the British Museum is from Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/238/mode/1up","Conurus Wagleri"],["11773","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara wagleri wagleri","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.413, pl.CII",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (south to northern Nariño) and far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42D8070F",null,null,"No locality, the type in the British Museum is from Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/238/mode/1up","Conurus Wagleri"],["11774","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara wagleri transilis","(Peters, 1927)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CFBE203",null,null,"Cuchivano, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new Birds.",null,"Aratinga wagleri transilis"],["11775","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara frontatus","(Cabanis, 1846)","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.272,note","Cordilleran Parakeet","Cordilleran Parakeet","Cordilleran Parakeet","2025-0638","Taxon <em>frontatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Psittacara wagleri</em> based on consistent differences in plumage, morphometrics (Donegan et al. 2016), and habitat. Genetic data are fragmentary (Urantówka et al. 2013; Urantówka &amp; Mackiewicz 2016; Smith et al. 2023) and no study has included both taxa.","semi-humid to dry forest and scrub from southern Ecuador (northern Loja) southward in the western Andes of Peru (to southern Arequipa) and dry inter-Andean valleys of northern Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas) southward to south-central Peru (Huancavelica and Ayacucho)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62293270","scfpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scfpar3","avibase-30789EE7",null,null,"Western slopes of the Cordilleras of Peru.",null,null,"Conurus frontatus"],["11776","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara frontatus frontatus","(Cabanis, 1846)","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.272,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ecuador and western Peru (south to Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-288C926D",null,null,"Western slopes of the Cordilleras of Peru.",null,null,"Conurus frontatus"],["11777","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara frontatus minor","(Carriker, 1933)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"central and south-central Peru (Marañón Valley southward to Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6021C287",null,null,"Soquián, 8000 feet, Marañón Valley, Dept. Libertad, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Aratinga frontata minor"],["11778","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara mitratus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.304","Mitred Parakeet","Mitred Parakeet","Mitred Parakeet",null,null,"dry to humid montane forest along the eastern Andes from northern Peru (Amazonas) south of the Río Marañón, southeastward to eastern Cusco, and the Andes of Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina (to La Rioja and Córdoba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685669","mitpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mitpar","avibase-8DE71518",null,null,"Peru ; Chanchamayo Valley suggested by Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1930, p. 263.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/312/mode/1up","Conurus mitratus"],["11779","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara mitratus chlorogenys","(Arndt, 2006)","Journal für Ornithologie 147, no.1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6953714",null,null,"San Pedro (approximately 6°35S/77°40W), southern Chachapoyas, 2 February 1926, 8,600–9,400 feet [Peru ]","A revision of the Aratinga mitrata complex, with the description of one new species, two new subspecies and species-level status of Aratinga alticola","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226191321","Aratinga mitrata chlorogenys"],["11780","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara mitratus mitratus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF2E4678",null,null,"Peru ; Chanchamayo Valley suggested by Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1930, p. 263.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/312/mode/1up","Conurus mitratus"],["11781","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara mitratus tucumanus","(Arndt, 2006)","Journal für Ornithologie 147, no.1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Tucumán and Córdoba, Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FE141D0",null,null,"Argentina, Tucumán (26°49¢S/65°13¢W), Bosques, Prov. Tucumán, 9 August 1898, 450 m","A revision of the Aratinga mitrata complex, with the description of one new species, two new subspecies and species-level status of Aratinga alticola","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226191321","Aratinga mitrata tucumana"],["11782","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara euops","(Wagler, 1832)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.638 pl.24 fig.2","Cuban Parakeet","Cuban Parakeet","Cuban Parakeet",null,null,"southwestern Cuba (Zapata Swamp); formerly Isla de la Juventud",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685690","cubpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubpar2","avibase-1BABE8A4",null,null,"America = Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42253#page/656/mode/1up","Sittace euops"],["11783","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara chloropterus","de Souancé, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.59","Hispaniolan Parakeet","Hispaniolan Parakeet",null,"2025-0639","Taxon <em>maugei </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Psittacara chloropterus</em> based on plumage, bill shape, and bill color, following Olson (2015a).","Hispaniola",null,null,null,"hispar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hispar","avibase-FA662936",null,null,"Santo Domingo.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/65/mode/1up","Psittacara chloroptera"],["11784","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara maugei","de Souancé, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.59","Puerto Rican Parakeet","Puerto Rican Parakeet",null,"2025-0639","Taxon <em>maugei </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Psittacara chloropterus</em> based on plumage, bill shape, and bill color, following Olson (2015a).","formerly Puerto Rico and Isla de Mona (west of Puerto Rico); extinct, extirpated from Puerto Rico by the mid-1800s, and on Mona Island around 1892","(extinct)",null,null,"purpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purpar2","avibase-759ED874",null,null,"No locality = Puerto Rico?","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/65/mode/1up","Psittacara Maugei"],["11785","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara erythrogenys","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.34 col.486,487","Red-masked Parakeet","Red-masked Parakeet","Red-masked Parakeet",null,null,"arid littoral of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685672","rempar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rempar","avibase-12E354E2",null,null,"Guayaquil.","Catalogue des oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection Abeillé. (21e Article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/274/mode/1up","Psittacara (Psittacus) Erythrogenys"],["11786","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara holochlorus","(Sclater, 1859)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.4, no.21 p.224","Green Parakeet","Green Parakeet",null,"2025-0637","The monotypic taxa <em>strenuus </em>and <em>brevipes </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Psittacara holochlorus</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Available evidence regarding species limits in this complex are insufficient and conflicting, with no clear consensus among mitochondrial DNA datasets (Schweizer et al. 2014; Urantówka et al. 2014; Martínez-Gómez et al. 2017) or those from genomic DNA (Smith et al. 2023). Formal bioacoustic analyses and a comprehensive genetic review are needed before redefining species limits in this complex.","montane pine forest (mainly) of northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora, western Chihuahua, and Sinaloa) and eastern Mexico from central Nuevo León and Tamaulipas southward to Veracruz, also eastern Oaxaca and southern Chiapas; disjunctly eastern Guatemala to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,"grnpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnpar","avibase-67D6698A",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz.","XXIV. Descriptions of two new Species of American Parrots.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19633#page/244/mode/1up","Conurus holochlorus"],["11787","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara holochlorus brewsteri","(Nelson, 1928)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, and Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DC85B04",null,null,"Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, Mexico. [Sonora]","Descriptions of three new subspecies of Birds from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/200/mode/1up","Aratinga holochlora brewsteri"],["11788","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara holochlorus holochlorus","(Sclater, 1859)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.4, no.21 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"open woodland and pine forest of eastern and southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E1586A9",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz.","XXIV. Descriptions of two new Species of American Parrots.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19633#page/244/mode/1up","Conurus holochlorus"],["11789","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara holochlorus rubritorquis","(Sclater, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1886, pt.4, no.35 p.539 pl.56",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Guatemala to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6786ECC6",null,null,"South America or West Indies, error = Central America; type an aviary specimen.","On an apparently new Parrot of the Genus Conurus living in the Society's Gardens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92048#page/679/mode/1up","Conurus rubritorquis"],["11790","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara brevipes","(Lawrence, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10 p.14","Socorro Parakeet","Socorro Parakeet",null,null,null,"Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,null,null,"grnpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnpar2","avibase-BACDCFE2",null,null,"Socorro Island [Mexico].","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/34/mode/1up","Conurus holochlorus var. brevipes"],["11791","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara strenuus","(Ridgway, 1915)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.106","Pacific Parakeet","Pacific Parakeet",null,"2025-0637","The monotypic taxa <em>strenuus </em>and <em>brevipes </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Psittacara holochlorus</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Available evidence regarding species limits in this complex are insufficient and conflicting, with no clear consensus among mitochondrial DNA datasets (Schweizer et al. 2014; Urantówka et al. 2014; Martínez-Gómez et al. 2017) or those from genomic DNA (Smith et al. 2023). Formal bioacoustic analyses and a comprehensive genetic review are needed before redefining species limits in this complex.","Pacific slope from eastern Oaxaca to southern Nicaragua",null,null,null,"pacpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacpar1","avibase-5871A963",null,null,"Omotepe, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of some new forms of American Cuckoos, Parrots, and Pigeons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/140/mode/1up","Conurus holochlorus strenuus"],["11792","species","Psittaciformes","Psittacidae","African and New World Parrots","Psittacara finschi","(Salvin, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.1 p.91 pl.4","Finsch's Parakeet","Crimson-fronted Parakeet","Crimson-fronted Parakeet",null,null,"humid lowlands of southeastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685678","crfpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crfpar","avibase-BB1BD713",null,null,"Bugaba, Chiriquí, Panama.","On the Psittacidae of Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/119/mode/1up","Conurus finschi"],["11793","family","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittaculidae",null,null,"Old World Parrots","Old World Parrots",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"psitta4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/psitta4/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["11794","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittrichas","Lesson, 1831","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 25 p.341 (\"241\")",null,null,null,"2025-1174","The Psittaculidae are recognized as a family separate from Psittacidae based on multilocus DNA (Joseph et al. 2012) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023). However, the affinities of <em>Coracopsis </em>are poorly supported and it may also require recognition as a separate family.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus pecquetii [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Banksianus fulgidus Lesson, 1830",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25919#page/739/mode/1up","Psittrichas"],["11795","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittrichas fulgidus","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.181","Pesquet's Parrot","Pesquet's Parrot","Pesquet's Parrot",null,null,"patchily distributed mountains of New Guinea",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685025","pespar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pespar1","avibase-110E01EA",null,null,"No locality = New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/219/mode/1up","Banksianus fulgidus"],["11796","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus niger [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 50).",null,null,null,"Coracopsis"],["11797","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis vasa","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt2 p.528","Greater Vasa Parrot","Greater Vasa Parrot","Vasa Parrot",null,null,"northwestern and central Comoros and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685261","vaspar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vaspar1","avibase-FCED8B3A",null,null,"South Africa, error = Madagascar, restricted to the eastern part by Bangs, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176180#page/712/mode/1up","Psittacus Vasa"],["11798","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis vasa comorensis","(Peters, 1854)","Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros (Grand Comoro, Mohéli, and Anjouan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C5940F4",null,null,"Anjouan, Comoro Islands.","[Hr. Peters legte ferner zu seinem Reisewerke gehörige Abbildungen von zwei neuen Papageien vor.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/379/mode/1up","Psittacus (Coracopsis) comorensis"],["11799","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis vasa drouhardi","Lavauden, 1929","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 1 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAE26975",null,null,"Tongobory, Onilahy River, Madagascar.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1929_T001_N004","Coracopsis vasa drouhardi"],["11800","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis vasa vasa","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt2 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna and forest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FEDF81B",null,null,"South Africa, error = Madagascar, restricted to the eastern part by Bangs, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176180#page/712/mode/1up","Psittacus Vasa"],["11801","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis barklyi","Newton, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.346, pl. XXII","Seychelles Black Parrot","Seychelles Parrot","Seychelles Parrot",null,null,"Seychelles (Praslin and Curieuse)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727890","seypar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seypar1","avibase-EB97C0F2",null,null,"Praslin Island, Seychelles.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from the Seychelles Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/368/mode/1up","Coracopsis barklyi"],["11802","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis sibilans","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.220","Comoro Black Parrot","Comoro Black Parrot","Comoro Parrot","2025-0647","Taxon <em>sibilans </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Coracopsis nigra</em> based on moderate mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kundu et al. 2012; Jackson et al. 2016) and differences in size; further research would be informative.","Comoros (Grand Comoro and Anjouan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62292583","levpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/levpar1","avibase-873200F0",null,null,"Grand Comoro Island.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/226/mode/1up","Coracopsis sibilans"],["11803","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis nigra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.99","Lesser Vasa Parrot","Lesser Vasa Parrot","Black Parrot","2025-0647","Taxon <em>sibilans </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Coracopsis nigra</em> based on moderate mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kundu et al. 2012; Jackson et al. 2016) and differences in size; further research would be informative.","Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727885","blapar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blapar1","avibase-B8802336",null,null,"Madagascar, restricted to the eastern part by Bangs, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus niger"],["11804","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis nigra libs","Bangs, 1927","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"drier areas of western Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B80A89B",null,null,"Miandrivazo, Madagascar.","A new form of the Lesser Vasa Parrot.",null,"Coracopsis nigra libs"],["11805","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Coracopsis nigra nigra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3537A86",null,null,"Madagascar, restricted to the eastern part by Bangs, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus niger"],["11806","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux add. p.646",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus pygmeus [Quoy & Gaimard, 1830]; type by monotypy = Micropsitta chloroxantha Oberholser, 1917",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/684/mode/1up","Micropsitta"],["11807","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta bruijnii","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.753,907 pl.21","Red-breasted Pygmy Parrot","Red-breasted Pygmy-Parrot","Red-breasted Pygmy-parrot",null,null,"Moluccas to Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684871","rbppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbppar1","avibase-A73295FF",null,null,"Mount Arfak, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/721/mode/1up","Nasiterna bruijnii"],["11808","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta bruijnii buruensis","Arndt, 1999","Lexikon der Papageien. Suppl. 1. Suppl.1 no.82FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72D5A26B",null,null,"[Buru Island, Indonesia]",null,null,"Micropsitta bruijnii buruensis"],["11809","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta bruijnii pileata","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1091 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram (central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74D2D3C4",null,null,"Mt. Hoale, Seran (=Ceram), southem Moluccas","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 43, Notes on New Guinea birds. 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3778/","Micropsitta bruijnii pileata"],["11810","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta bruijnii bruijnii","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.753,907 pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Owen Stanley Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12EA7A0F",null,null,"Mount Arfak, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/721/mode/1up","Nasiterna bruijnii"],["11811","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta bruijnii necopinata","Hartert, 1925","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.2 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC43B240",null,null,"Southwestern New Ireland; collected by Albert F. Eichhorn","A collection of Birds from New Ireland (Neu Mecklenburg).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/150/mode/1up","Micropsitta bruipiii necopinata"],["11812","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta bruijnii rosea","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1091 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Kolombangara, and Guadalcanal (Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7FEAAEF",null,null,"Kulambangra Island, Solomon Islands","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 43, Notes on New Guinea birds. 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3778/","Micropsitta bruijnii rosea"],["11813","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta keiensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.984","Yellow-capped Pygmy Parrot","Yellow-capped Pygmy-Parrot","Yellow-capped Pygmy-parrot",null,null,"Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas) and New Guinea and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684845","ycppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ycppar1","avibase-AC21DDDE",null,null,"Piccola Kei, Kei Ralan, Kei Bandan, Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/990/mode/1up","Nasiterna keiensis"],["11814","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta keiensis keiensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.984",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands, Aru Islands, and southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E687D0D3",null,null,"Piccola Kei, Kei Ralan, Kei Bandan, Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/990/mode/1up","Nasiterna keiensis"],["11815","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha","Oberholser, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Bird's Head and Onin peninsulas of New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28DF9647",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/152/mode/1up","Micropsitta chloroxantha"],["11816","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta finschii","(Ramsay, 1881)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.2 p.180","Finsch's Pygmy Parrot","Finsch's Pygmy-Parrot","Green Pygmy-parrot",null,null,"northeastern Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684866","fippar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fippar1","avibase-F26F4039",null,null,"San Cristóbal, Solomon Islands.","Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands. - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/190/mode/1up","Nasiterna Finschii"],["11817","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta finschii viridifrons","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, and Lihir Group (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40F6534A",null,null,"Expedition Bay, New Hanover.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/154/mode/1up","Nasiterna viridifrons"],["11818","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta finschii nanina","(Tristram, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.12 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FDBED97",null,null,"Bugotu, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/63/mode/1up","Nasiterna nanina"],["11819","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta finschii tristrami","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.589",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Tetepare, and Vangunu, in New Georgia Group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4421C35E",null,null,"Kulambangra [=Kolombangara], Solomon Islands.","List of a collection of birds made on Ysabel Island in the Solomon Group by Mr. A. S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/659/mode/1up","Nasiterna tristrami"],["11820","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta finschii aolae","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Russell Islands, Guadalcanal, and Malaita (east-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0771151F",null,null,"Aola, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/237/mode/1up","Nasiterna aolae"],["11821","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta finschii finschii","(Ramsay, 1881)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.2 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Ugi, Makira, and Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-796A3D35",null,null,"San Cristóbal, Solomon Islands.","Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands. - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/190/mode/1up","Nasiterna Finschii"],["11822","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta geelvinkiana","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.7","Geelvink Pygmy Parrot","Geelvink Pygmy-Parrot","Geelvink Pygmy-parrot",null,null,"Numfor and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684850","geppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/geppar1","avibase-418B7FF3",null,null,"Mafor and Misori, restricted to the former by Hartert and Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 8, 1901, p. 80.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/19/mode/1up","Nasiterna pygmaea Geelvinkiana"],["11823","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta geelvinkiana geelvinkiana","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CB66A3D",null,null,"Mafor and Misori, restricted to the former by Hartert and Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 8, 1901, p. 80.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/19/mode/1up","Nasiterna pygmaea Geelvinkiana"],["11824","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta geelvinkiana misoriensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.909",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA54A4B0",null,null,"Misori (Mysore) Island [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/915/mode/1up","Nasiterna misoriensis"],["11825","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta meeki","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.107","Meek's Pygmy Parrot","Meek's Pygmy-Parrot","Yellow-breasted Pygmy-parrot",null,null,"Admiralty and Saint Matthias islands (northwestern and north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684861","meppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meppar1","avibase-785A9333",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/145/mode/1up","Micropsitta meeki"],["11826","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta meeki meeki","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F50FC9E",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/145/mode/1up","Micropsitta meeki"],["11827","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta meeki proxima","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau and Emirau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4A9A27F",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/78/mode/1up","Micropsitta meeki proxima"],["11828","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta pusio","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.620 pl.35","Buff-faced Pygmy Parrot","Buff-faced Pygmy-Parrot","Buff-faced Pygmy-parrot",null,null,"northern and southeastern New Guinea, and eastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684856","bfppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfppar1","avibase-EA7A2CF8",null,null,"Solomon Islands, error = Duke of York Island.","On a New Parrot of the Genus Nasiterna.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/714/mode/1up","Nasiterna pusio"],["11829","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta pusio beccarii","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.8 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea, including Manam, Karkar, Bagabag, and Rook islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D436B85",null,null,"Wairoro [or Wairor], east coast of the Vogelkop, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33402#page/400/mode/1up","Nasiterna beccarii"],["11830","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta pusio pusio","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.620 pl.35",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1A52FA9",null,null,"Solomon Islands, error = Duke of York Island.","On a New Parrot of the Genus Nasiterna.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/714/mode/1up","Nasiterna pusio"],["11831","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta pusio harterti","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1091 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Fergusson, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64E26D01",null,null,"Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 43, Notes on New Guinea birds. 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3778/","Micropsitta pusio harterti"],["11832","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Micropsitta pusio stresemanni","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.2 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C26AF55",null,null,"Mount Riu, Sudest Island.","On the Birds of the district of Talasea in New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/154/mode/1up","Micropsitta pusio stresemanni"],["11833","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus","Mathews, 1911","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus cyanopygius [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation = Psittacus scapularis M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1816  ",null,"On some necessary alterations in the nomenclature of birds. Pt. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/29/mode/1up","Alisterus"],["11834","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus scapularis","(Lichtenstein, 1818)","Verzeichniss von ausgestopften Säugethieren und Vögeln (etc.) p.29","Australian King Parrot","Australian King-Parrot","Australian King-parrot",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685046","aukpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aukpar1","avibase-29DB0309",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,null,"Psittacus scapularis"],["11835","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus scapularis minor","Mathews, 1911","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1AE0B35",null,null,"Cairns, Queensland.","Two new Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/39/mode/1up","Alisterus cyanopygius minor"],["11836","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus scapularis scapularis","(Lichtenstein, 1818)","Verzeichniss von ausgestopften Säugethieren und Vögeln (etc.) p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range, central eastern Queensland to Otway Ranges, southern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B69EDC3C",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,null,"Psittacus scapularis"],["11837","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus chloropterus","(Ramsay, 1879)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.3 p.251","Papuan King Parrot","Papuan King-Parrot","Papuan King-parrot",null,null,"montane New Guinea (except northwestern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685058","pakpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pakpar1","avibase-E2674F04",null,null,"Goldie River, New Guinea [40 miles inland from Port Moresby].","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/303/mode/1up","Aprosmictus chloropterus"],["11838","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus chloropterus moszkowskii","(Reichenow, 1911)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay to Aitape district)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-230D3BEA",null,null,"Taua [mouth of the Mamberano River], New Guinea.","Neue Arten aus Afrika und Neuguinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/98/mode/1up","Aprosmictus moszkowskii"],["11839","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus chloropterus callopterus","(d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"central New Guinea (Weyland Mountains to Fly River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67BD449F",null,null,"Fly River, 300-420 miles from the mouth. British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/35/mode/1up","Aprosmictus callopterus"],["11840","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus chloropterus chloropterus","(Ramsay, 1879)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.3 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (Huon Gulf to Hall Sound)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5F6A948",null,null,"Goldie River, New Guinea [40 miles inland from Port Moresby].","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/303/mode/1up","Aprosmictus chloropterus"],["11841","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus amboinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.141","Moluccan King Parrot","Moluccan King-Parrot","Moluccan King-parrot",null,null,"islands east of Sulawesi, Moluccas, and northwestern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685051","mokpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mokpar1","avibase-893EB5E1",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus amboinensis"],["11842","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus amboinensis hypophonius","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.181,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24386043",null,null,"Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/197/mode/1up","Psittacus (Platycercus) hypophonius"],["11843","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus amboinensis sulaensis","(Reichenow, 1881)","Journal für Ornithologie 29, no.154 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, and Mangole)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-860ABD8E",null,null,"Sula Islands.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Systematische Uebersicht aller bekannten Papageienarten. (Fortsetzung von Journal für Ornithologie, Heft I, 1881, p. 1-49.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102782#page/140/mode/1up","Aprosmictus sulaensis"],["11844","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus amboinensis versicolor","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4FD9BD2",null,null,"Peling Island, east of Celebes","Six new Races from Peling.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/136/mode/1up","Alisterus amboinensis versicolor"],["11845","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus amboinensis buruensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.8 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5A86E13",null,null,"Kajeli, Buru Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33402#page/375/mode/1up","Aprosmictus buruensis"],["11846","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus amboinensis amboinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Boano, Ambon, and Seram)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFABD654",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus amboinensis"],["11847","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Alisterus amboinensis dorsalis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.234 AtlasOis. pl.21 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33DD5223",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwar!], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/292/mode/1up","Psittacus (Platycercus) dorsalis"],["11848","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Aprosmictus","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.115 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus erythropterus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1846, The Genera of Birds, 2 (1849), p. 408).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/263/mode/1up","Aprosmictus"],["11849","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Aprosmictus erythropterus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.343","Red-winged Parrot","Red-winged Parrot","Red-winged Parrot",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685069","rewpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewpar1","avibase-BB1F4BB8",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/355/mode/1up","Psittacus erythropterus"],["11850","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Aprosmictus erythropterus coccineopterus","(Gould, 1865)","Handbook to the birds of Australia 2 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly lowlands of southern New Guinea and northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F9BC221",null,null,"Port Essington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49435#page/51/mode/1up","Ptistes coccineopterus"],["11851","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Aprosmictus erythropterus erythropterus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"inland eastern Australia (northern New South Wales to northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6163CAE",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/355/mode/1up","Psittacus erythropterus"],["11852","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Aprosmictus jonquillaceus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.352","Jonquil Parrot","Jonquil Parrot","Jonquil Parrot",null,null,"Rote, Timor, and Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685063","olspar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olspar1","avibase-97DE42F3",null,null,"New Holland, error = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/370/mode/1up","Psittacus jonquillaceus"],["11853","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Aprosmictus jonquillaceus jonquillaceus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Rote)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1DCE308",null,null,"New Holland, error = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/370/mode/1up","Psittacus jonquillaceus"],["11854","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Aprosmictus jonquillaceus wetterensis","(Salvadori, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E46D567",null,null,"Wetar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/506/mode/1up","Ptistes wetterensis"],["11855","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Polytelis","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus barrabandi [Swainson, 1821]; type by monotypy = Psittacus swainsonii Desmarest, 1826",null,null,null,"Polytelis"],["11856","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Polytelis alexandrae","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.232","Princess Parrot","Princess Parrot","Princess Parrot",null,null,"inland western Australia (southern Northern Territory, northeastern South Australia, and central Western Australia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685081","alepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alepar1","avibase-B606EC46",null,null,"Howell's Ponds, Central Australia.","On a Collection of Birds from Central Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/310/mode/1up","Polyteles alexandrae"],["11857","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Polytelis swainsonii","(Desmarest, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.39","Superb Parrot","Superb Parrot","Superb Parrot",null,null,"interior southeastern Australia (central New South Wales southward to northern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685072","suppar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suppar1","avibase-CF255B3F",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales, a-pud IMathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81573#page/45/mode/1up","Psittacus Swainsonii"],["11858","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Polytelis anthopeplus","(Lear, 1831)","Illustrations of the family of Psittacidæ, or parrots (etc.) pt8 pl.29","Regent Parrot","Regent Parrot","Regent Parrot",null,null,"southwestern and south-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685078","regpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/regpar1","avibase-6F2B75C0",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125973#page/69/mode/1up","Palaeornis anthopeplus"],["11859","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Polytelis anthopeplus anthopeplus","(Lear, 1831)","Illustrations of the family of Psittacidæ, or parrots (etc.) pt8 pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Kalbarri to Esperance, except southwestern forests)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF80F869",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125973#page/69/mode/1up","Palaeornis anthopeplus"],["11860","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides","Schodde, 1993","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 113 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"inland southeastern Australia (along Murray River from Swan Hill to Blanchetown; northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-807571EF",null,null,"Kingston, 12 km west of Barmera, South Australia, by R. Schodde 6 November 1989.","Geographic forms of the Regent Parrot Polytelis anthopeplus (Lear) and their type localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/54/mode/1up","Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides"],["11861","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.490",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus platurus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Prioniturus"],["11862","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus mada","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.2 p.230","Buru Racket-tail","Buru Racquet-tail","Buru Racquet-tail",null,null,"montane forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685001","burtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burtai1","avibase-00AECE2A",null,null,"Mount Mada, 3000 feet, Buru.","The birds of Buru, being a list of collections made on that island by Messrs. William Doherty and Dumas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/244/mode/1up","Prioniturus mada"],["11863","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus platurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.314","Golden-mantled Racket-tail","Golden-mantled Racquet-tail","Golden-mantled Racquet-tail",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684997","gmrtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gmrtai1","avibase-23917E7B",null,null,"New Caledonia, error = Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/330/mode/1up","Psittacus platurus"],["11864","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus platurus talautensis","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C3FBA5C",null,null,"Lirong (or Lirung; Salibabu), Talaut Islands.","List of a collection of birds from the island of Lirung or Salibabu, the largest of the Talau group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/105/mode/1up","Prioniturus platurus talautensis"],["11865","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus platurus platurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and associated islands Siau, Lembeh, Dodepo, and Togian islands (off northeast), Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Muna and Buton (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A784EFD1",null,null,"New Caledonia, error = Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/330/mode/1up","Psittacus platurus"],["11866","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus platurus sinerubris","Forshaw, 1971","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 91 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu and Mangole)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-802B652F",null,null,"Wai Koka, Taliabu, Sula Islands; near sea level; 24th January 1955; collected by G. A. L. de Haan.","A new parrot from the Sula Islands, Indonesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/205/mode/1up","Prioniturus platurus sinerubris"],["11867","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus platenae","Blasius, 1888","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.37 p.335","Blue-headed Racket-tail","Blue-headed Racquet-tail","Blue-headed Racquet-tail",null,null,"southern Philippines (Balabac, Palawan, Calamian, and adjacent islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684964","bhrtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhrtai1","avibase-932EBDB4",null,null,"Palawan.",null,null,"Prioniturus platenae"],["11868","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus mindorensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.6","Mindoro Racket-tail","Mindoro Racquet-tail","Mindoro Racquet-tail",null,null,"Mindoro (north-central Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727878","minrat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minrat1","avibase-A14016B7",null,null,"Mindoro.",null,null,"Prioniturus Mindorensis"],["11869","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus montanus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.41","Montane Racket-tail","Montane Racquet-tail","Montane Racquet-tail",null,null,"mountains of Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684954","luzrat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzrat1","avibase-1EA06986",null,null,"Mountains of Lepanto, Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/267/mode/1up","Prioniturus montanus"],["11870","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus waterstradti","Rothschild, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.72","Mindanao Racket-tail","Mindanao Racquet-tail","Mindanao Racquet-tail",null,null,"mountains of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684960","mirtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mirtai1","avibase-0EB4C4A1",null,null,"Mount Apo, 3000 feet, Mindanao.","On a new Parrot from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/558/mode/1up","Prioniturus waterstradti"],["11871","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus waterstradti malindangensis","Mearns, 1909","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mindanao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A23073FF",null,null,"Mount Lebo, 5000 feet, spur of Mount Malindang, Misamis Province, Mindanao.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/545/mode/1up","Prioniturus malindangensis"],["11872","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus waterstradti waterstradti","Rothschild, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mindanao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85FDB95D",null,null,"Mount Apo, 3000 feet, Mindanao.","On a new Parrot from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/558/mode/1up","Prioniturus waterstradti"],["11873","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus flavicans","Cassin, 1853","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.373","Yellow-breasted Racket-tail","Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail","Yellowish-breasted Racquet-tail",null,null,"lowlands of northern Sulawesi, including Bangka, Lembeh, and Togian islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684991","yebrat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebrat1","avibase-379431D7",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/395/mode/1up","Prioniturus flavicans"],["11874","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus verticalis","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.12 p.10","Blue-winged Racket-tail","Blue-winged Racquet-tail","Sulu Racquet-tail",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684986","bwrtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bwrtai1","avibase-003D8AAD",null,null,"Tawi Tawi, Sibutu and Bongao.","Four new species from the Sulu Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/108/mode/1up","Prioniturus verticalis"],["11875","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus luconensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.6","Green Racket-tail","Green Racquet-tail","Green Racquet-tail",null,null,"northern Philippines (lowlands of Luzon and Marinduque)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684969","grrtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grrtai1","avibase-B6F6A196",null,null,"Marinduque and Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/10/mode/1up","Prioniturus Luconensis"],["11876","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus discurus","(Vieillot, 1822)","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 1 p.7 pl.26","Blue-crowned Racket-tail","Blue-crowned Racquet-tail","Blue-crowned Racquet-tail",null,null,"Philippines (except northern Luzon, Mindoro, and Palawan group)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727871","bcrtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcrtai1","avibase-5B2086A6",null,null,"Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/137/mode/1up","Psittacus discurus"],["11877","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus discurus whiteheadi","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Philippines (Luzon, Catanduanes, Tablas, Sibuyan, Ticao, Masbate, Biliran, Samar, Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34414D96",null,null,"Canloan Volcano, Negros, Philippines","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Prioniturus discurus whiteheadi"],["11878","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prioniturus discurus discurus","(Vieillot, 1822)","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 1 p.7 pl.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Olutanga, Basilan, and Balut) and Jolo (Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDF7DE5C",null,null,"Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/137/mode/1up","Psittacus discurus"],["11879","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus grandis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 52). = Psittacus roratus Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,null,"Eclectus"],["11880","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus infectus","Steadman, 2006","Pacific Science 60(1) 137-145","Oceanic Eclectus","Oceanic Eclectus","Oceanic Eclectus",null,null,"formerly Vanuatu, the Tonga Archipelago, and possibly Fiji; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/62307504","ocepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocepar1","avibase-915FD1E2",null,null,"uf 52069/52076, complete femur, Unit S6W2, Layer II, Level 15, ‘Anatu, ‘Eua, Tonga. Collected by D. W. Steadman, T. W. Stafford Jr., and J. G. Stull on 25 November 1989","A New Species of Extinct Parrot (Psittacidae: Eclectus) from Tonga and Vanuatu, South Pacific","https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/22554/1/vol60n1-137-145.pdf","Eclectus infectus"],["11881","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus polychloros","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.87","Papuan Eclectus","Papuan Eclectus","Papuan Eclectus","2025-0648","The <em>Eclectus roratus</em> complex is split into four species based on size, female plumage, and mitochondrial DNA data (Braun et al. 2017): <em>E. roratus</em> (polytypic, including <em>vosmaeri</em> and <em>westermani</em>); <em>E. cornelia</em> (monotypic); <em>E. riedeli </em>(monotypic); and <em>E. polychloros</em> (polytypic, including <em>solomonensis </em>and <em>macgillivrayi </em>as subspecies). These species groupings are also coincident with well-established biogeographic boundaries in the region.","Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas), New Guinea, northeastern Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155073767","eclpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eclpar4","avibase-028FCD4B",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Psittacus polychloros"],["11882","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus polychloros polychloros","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas), New Guinea, including satellite islands and Aru Islands, and northern Torres Strait islands (north of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67959569",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Psittacus polychloros"],["11883","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus polychloros solomonensis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago including Admiralty Islands, and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEBDB18D",null,null,"Fauro Island, Solomon Islands.","Notes on Papuan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/104/mode/1up","Eclectus pectoralis solomonensis"],["11884","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus polychloros macgillivrayi","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.4 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACF489FE",null,null,"Pascoe River, North Queensland.","New species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/93/mode/1up","Eclectus pectoralis macgillivrayi"],["11885","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus cornelia","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 p.135,136","Sumba Eclectus","Sumba Eclectus","Sumba Eclectus","2025-0648","The <em>Eclectus roratus</em> complex is split into four species based on size, female plumage, and mitochondrial DNA data (Braun et al. 2017): <em>E. roratus</em> (polytypic, including <em>vosmaeri</em> and <em>westermani</em>); <em>E. cornelia</em> (monotypic); <em>E. riedeli </em>(monotypic); and <em>E. polychloros</em> (polytypic, including <em>solomonensis </em>and <em>macgillivrayi </em>as subspecies). These species groupings are also coincident with well-established biogeographic boundaries in the region.","Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155072216","eclpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eclpar2","avibase-630B1752",null,null,"'Moluccas most probably from Ceram' = Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands.","On the Lorine genus of Parrots, Eclectus, with the description of a new species, Eclectus Cornelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26392#page/145/mode/1up","Eclectus Cornelia"],["11886","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus riedeli","Meyer, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.4 p.917","Tanimbar Eclectus","Tanimbar Eclectus","Tanimbar Eclectus","2025-0648","The <em>Eclectus roratus</em> complex is split into four species based on size, female plumage, and mitochondrial DNA data (Braun et al. 2017): <em>E. roratus</em> (polytypic, including <em>vosmaeri</em> and <em>westermani</em>); <em>E. cornelia</em> (monotypic); <em>E. riedeli </em>(monotypic); and <em>E. polychloros</em> (polytypic, including <em>solomonensis </em>and <em>macgillivrayi </em>as subspecies). These species groupings are also coincident with well-established biogeographic boundaries in the region.","Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155073764","eclpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eclpar3","avibase-E8895935",null,null,"Sera Island, Tenimber Islands.","On a new Species of Eclectus from the Timorlaut Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/1085/mode/1up","Eclectus riedeli"],["11887","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus roratus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.77","Moluccan Eclectus","Moluccan Eclectus","Moluccan Eclectus","2025-0648","The <em>Eclectus roratus</em> complex is split into four species based on size, female plumage, and mitochondrial DNA data (Braun et al. 2017): <em>E. roratus</em> (polytypic, including <em>vosmaeri</em> and <em>westermani</em>); <em>E. cornelia</em> (monotypic); <em>E. riedeli </em>(monotypic); and <em>E. polychloros</em> (polytypic, including <em>solomonensis </em>and <em>macgillivrayi </em>as subspecies). These species groupings are also coincident with well-established biogeographic boundaries in the region.","Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155072212","eclpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eclpar1","avibase-88A336F3",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/97/mode/1up","Psittacus roratus"],["11888","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus roratus vosmaeri","(Rothschild, 1922)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.9, no.52 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"larger islands in northern and central Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF6B3AAA",null,null,"Northern Moluccas.","L. On the Names of certain Parrots of the Genus Larius, Bodd. = Eclectus, Wagl..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53480#page/440/mode/1up","Larius roratus vosmaeri"],["11889","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus roratus roratus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Ambon, Saparua, and Haruku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E78301F",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/97/mode/1up","Psittacus roratus"],["11890","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eclectus roratus westermani","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"provenance unknown, perhaps Banda Sea region (eastern Indonesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAC7BF41",null,null,"No locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/24/mode/1up","Psittacodis westermani"],["11891","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus geoffroyi [Bechstein, 1811]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/26/mode/1up","Geoffroyus"],["11892","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.103, pl.21","Red-cheeked Parrot","Red-cheeked Parrot","Red-cheeked Parrot",null,null,"Moluccas and Lesser Sundas to northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684945","recpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recpar2","avibase-1773A3AD",null,null,"New Holland, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Perroquets, 2, p. 68, pl. 112 d^, pl. 113 9, error = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/161/mode/1up","Psittacus Geoffroyi"],["11893","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi cyanicollis","(Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt4 p.108,182,note",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5A49B85",null,null,"Menado, error = Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/124/mode/1up","Psittacus cyanicollis"],["11894","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi obiensis","(Finsch, 1868)","Die Papageien, monographisch bearbeitet 2 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"central Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA93DBD0",null,null,"Obi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104319#page/423/mode/1up","Pionias obiensis"],["11895","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi rhodops","(Schlegel, 1864)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.5 Psittaci no.26 p.43,44",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru to Seram and satellites (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EDCF6C1",null,null,"Amboina, Ceram, Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51509#page/53/mode/1up","Eclectus rhodops"],["11896","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi keyensis","Finsch, 1868","Die Papageien, monographisch bearbeitet 2 p.956",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-327113B4",null,null,"Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104319#page/990/mode/1up","Geoffroyus keyensis"],["11897","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi floresianus","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Besar, and Sumba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-036635CE",null,null,"Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/428/mode/1up","Geoffroyus floresianus"],["11898","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi geoffroyi","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.103, pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor, Semau, and Wetar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E0B7A77",null,null,"New Holland, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Perroquets, 2, p. 68, pl. 112 d^, pl. 113 9, error = Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/161/mode/1up","Psittacus Geoffroyi"],["11899","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi timorlaoensis","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39699FB1",null,null,"Timorlaut, Tenimber Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/365/mode/1up","Geoffroyus timorlaoënsis"],["11900","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi pucherani","de Souancé, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea eastward to Etna Bay, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A63CE1C2",null,null,"New Guinea, Moluccas.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56 et 152.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/224/mode/1up","Geoffroyus Pucherani"],["11901","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi minor","Neumann, 1922","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 15 Heft2 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-581E98A2",null,null,"Jagei River, tributary of the Ramu, New Guinea.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen und polynesischen Inselreich.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101651#page/255/mode/1up","Geoffroyus personatus minor"],["11902","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi jobiensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"Mios Num and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F038119",null,null,"Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/243/mode/1up","Pionias Pucherani var. jobiensis"],["11903","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi mysorensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA3EDFC9",null,null,"Mysori.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/243/mode/1up","Pionias Pucherani var. mysoriensis"],["11904","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi sudestiensis","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-664BACC6",null,null,"Sudest Island.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=58","Geoffroyus sudestiensis"],["11905","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi cyanicarpus","Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23F60EDC",null,null,"Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago, New Guinea","On the birds collected by Mr. Meek on Rossel Island in the Louisiade Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/95/mode/1up","Geoffroyus aruensis cyanicarpus"],["11906","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi aruensis","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northern Torres Strait islands (north of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDF112E1",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/249/mode/1up","Psittacus aruensis"],["11907","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus geoffroyi maclennani","(MacGillivray, 1913)","The Emu 13 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDED81AA",null,null,"Pascoe River, Queensland.","Description of New Parrot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55265#page/147/mode/1up","Pseudopsittacus maclennani"],["11908","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus heteroclitus","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.319","Song Parrot","Singing Parrot",null,"2025-0649","Taxon <em>hyacinthinus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Geoffroyus heteroclitus</em> based on minor differences in plumage and tail length; further research would be informative.","eastern Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,null,null,"sinpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinpar1","avibase-7929EB69",null,null,"San Jorge and Ysabel Islands, Solomon Islands.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/327/mode/1up","Psittacus Geoffroyi heteroclitus"],["11909","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus heteroclitus heteroclitus","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes (except Rennell)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42AFAB65",null,null,"San Jorge and Ysabel Islands, Solomon Islands.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/327/mode/1up","Psittacus Geoffroyi heteroclitus"],["11910","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus heteroclitus hyacinthinus","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFD2FF51",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Geoffroyus heteroclitus hyacinthinus"],["11911","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus simplex","(Meyer, 1874)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 24 p.39","Blue-collared Parrot","Blue-collared Parrot","Blue-collared Parrot",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684948","blcpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcpar3","avibase-8C9C1CD3",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, 3500 feet, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95525#page/139/mode/1up","Pionias simplex"],["11912","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus simplex simplex","(Meyer, 1874)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 24 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89583550",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, 3500 feet, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95525#page/139/mode/1up","Pionias simplex"],["11913","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Geoffroyus simplex buergersi","Neumann, 1922","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 15 Heft2 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"Snow Mountains to Owen Stanley Range (New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38F959D3",null,null,"Maeanderberg, upper Sepik River, New Guinea.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen und polynesischen Inselreich.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101651#page/255/mode/1up","Geoffroyus simplex bürgersi"],["11914","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittinus","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.128 p.789",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus malaccensis [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Psittacus cyanurus J.R. Forster, 1795",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/205/mode/1up","Psittinus"],["11915","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittinus abbotti","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.188","Simeulue Parrot","Simeulue Parrot","Simeulue Parrot","2025-0650","Taxon <em>abbotti</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Psittinus cyanurus</em> (polytypic) based on differences in size, bare parts color, and plumage. Minor vocal differences reported (Eaton et al. 2016) but these have not been formally analysed; genetic data would be informative.","Simeulue and Siumat islands (off western coast of Sumatra)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727609","burpar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burpar5","avibase-AF6AF3CC",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of eight new birds from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/224/mode/1up","Psittinus abbotti"],["11916","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittinus cyanurus","(Forster, 1795)","Faunula Indica, id est catalogus animalium Indiae Orientalis quae hactenus naturae curiosis innotuerunt. 2nd ed. p.6","Blue-rumped Parrot","Blue-rumped Parrot","Blue-rumped Parrot","2025-0650","Taxon <em>abbotti</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Psittinus cyanurus</em> (polytypic) based on differences in size, bare parts color, and plumage. Minor vocal differences reported (Eaton et al. 2016) but these have not been formally analysed; genetic data would be informative.","tropical rainforest and adjacent plantations in the Malayan Peninsula from southernmost Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to Singapore and islands off southern Malaysia, Sumatra (including Mentawai Islands), Bangka, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727599","blrpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blrpar1","avibase-DD93ECEA",null,null,"Malacca, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl., 1, p. 66.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=M4JDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false","Psittacus cyanurus"],["11917","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittinus cyanurus cyanurus","(Forster, 1795)","Faunula Indica, id est catalogus animalium Indiae Orientalis quae hactenus naturae curiosis innotuerunt. 2nd ed. p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand to southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42597C27",null,null,"Malacca, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl., 1, p. 66.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=M4JDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false","Psittacus cyanurus"],["11918","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittinus cyanurus pontius","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Islands (Siberut, Sipura, North and South Pagai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0415C9BB",null,null,"South Pagi Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/123/mode/1up","Psittinus cyanurus pontius"],["11919","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Mascarinus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mascarinus madagascariensis [Lesson, 1830]; type by tautonymy = Psittacus mascarin Linnaeus, 1771",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/226/mode/1up","Mascarinus"],["11920","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Mascarinus mascarinus","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.524","Mascarene Parrot","Mascarene Parrot","Mascarene Parrot","2025-N037","<em>Mascarinus mascarin</em> has also been used. Species-group name <em>mascarinus</em> is conserved as a justified emendation of punctuated original spelling, <em>Psittacus mascarin</em>. In ICZN Opinion 2455. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, vol. 77, pp. 62-77, 2020.","formerly Réunion; extinct, last reported 1834","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685258","maspar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maspar1","avibase-441F544D",null,null,"'Mascarina.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/277/mode/1up","Psittacus mascarin."],["11921","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lophopsittacus","Newton, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus mauritianus [Owen, 1866]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/464/mode/1up","Lophopsittacus"],["11922","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lophopsittacus mauritianus","(Owen, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.6 p.168","Broad-billed Parrot","Broad-billed Parrot","Broad-billed Parrot",null,null,"formerly Mauritius; extinct, last record from between 1673-1675","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728847","brbpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbpar3","avibase-8C3CD124",null,null,"Mauritius","Evidence of a species, perhaps extinct, of a large parrot (Psittacus mauritianus, Owen), contemporary with the Dodo in the island of Mauritius","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/200/mode/1up","Psittacus mauritianus"],["11923","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Necropsittacus","Milne-Edwards, 1873","Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, Section des Sciences Naturelles 9, art.3 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus rodericanus [Milne-Edwards, A, 1873]",null,"Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Îles Mascareignes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252329#page/18/mode/1up","Necropsittacus"],["11924","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Necropsittacus rodricanus","(Milne-Edwards, 1867)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.8, no.3 p.151","Rodrigues Parrot","Rodrigues Parrot","Rodrigues Parrot",null,null,"formerly Rodrigues Island; extinct, last observed in 1761","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728851","rodpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodpar1","avibase-FE2288F2",null,null,"Rodriguez Island","Un psittacien fossile de l'Île Rodrigues","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92541#page/159/mode/1up","Psittacus rodricanus"],["11925","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus macrorhynchus [Wagler]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 52). = Psittacus megalorynchos Boddaert, 1783",null,null,null,"Tanygnathus"],["11926","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus gramineus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.338","Black-lored Parrot","Black-lored Parrot","Black-lored Parrot",null,null,"montane forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685016","bllpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bllpar1","avibase-40C84A05",null,null,"Amboina, error = Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/350/mode/1up","Psittacus gramineus"],["11927","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus sumatranus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.281","Azure-rumped Parrot","Azure-rumped Parrot","Azure-rumped Parrot","2025-0651","Taxon <em>everetti </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Tanygnathus sumatranus</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, iris color, and morphology, coupled with evidence of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Arndt et al. 2019).","Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/181747196","azrpar9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azrpar9","avibase-D0C378AB",null,null,"Sumatra","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/313/mode/1up","Psittacus Sumatranus"],["11928","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus sumatranus sangirensis","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.2 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe and Talaud islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27430A30",null,null,"Great Sangir Island.","Beschreibung einiger neuen Vögel der Celébes-Region","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/123/mode/1up","Tanygnathus muelleri sangirensis"],["11929","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus sumatranus sumatranus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Togian, Banggai, and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Muna and Buton (to southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AAAE704",null,null,"Sumatra","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/313/mode/1up","Psittacus Sumatranus"],["11930","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus everetti","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.533","Blue-backed Parrot","Blue-backed Parrot","Blue-backed Parrot","2025-0651","Taxon <em>everetti </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Tanygnathus sumatranus</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, iris color, and morphology, coupled with evidence of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Arndt et al. 2019).","Philippines",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/181753148","azrpar8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azrpar8","avibase-C38EDB84",null,null,"Butuan, Mindanao.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/547/mode/1up","Tanygnathus Everetti"],["11931","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus everetti duponti","Parkes, 1971","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 91 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5534331",null,null,"San Manano, Sierra Madre, Isabela, Luzon","Two new parrots from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/131/mode/1up","Tanygnathus sumatranus duponti"],["11932","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus everetti freeri","McGregor, 1910","The Philippine Journal of Science 5 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Polillo (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-519C8427",null,null,"Polillo, Philippine Islands.","Birds collected in the Island of Polillo, Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107001#page/162/mode/1up","Tanygnathus freeri"],["11933","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus everetti everetti","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.533",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Visayan Islands and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DE2FEE9",null,null,"Butuan, Mindanao.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/547/mode/1up","Tanygnathus Everetti"],["11934","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus everetti burbidgii","Sharpe, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-806C4893",null,null,"Sulu Islands.","A Contribution to the Avifauna of the Sooloo Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/43/mode/1up","Tanygnathus burbidgii"],["11935","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus lucionensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.146","Blue-naped Parrot","Blue-naped Parrot","Blue-naped Parrot",null,null,"Philippines to islands off northeastern Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685009","blnpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnpar1","avibase-9A1856F5",null,null,"Philippine Islands, i.e. Luzon, ex Brisson, Orn., 4, p. 295-296.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/150/mode/1up","Psittacus lucionensis"],["11936","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus lucionensis lucionensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82023AD6",null,null,"Philippine Islands, i.e. Luzon, ex Brisson, Orn., 4, p. 295-296.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/150/mode/1up","Psittacus lucionensis"],["11937","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus lucionensis hybridus","Salomonsen, 1952","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 114 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"Polillo (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29BD65C6",null,null,"Burdeos, Polillo Islands, Philippine Islands","Systematic notes on some Philippine birds.",null,"Tanygnathus lucionensis hybridus"],["11938","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus lucionensis salvadorii","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2 p.562",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines to Si Amil and Maratua (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E74F1B9D",null,null,"Mantanani Islands.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part VIII. The Highlands of Negros. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/622/mode/1up","Tanygnathus salvadorii"],["11939","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus lucionensis talautensis","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.9 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F42815C0",null,null,"Karkellang and Esang Islands, Talaut Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/80/mode/1up","Tanygnathus talautensis"],["11940","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus megalorynchos","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45","Great-billed Parrot","Great-billed Parrot","Great-billed Parrot",null,null,"satellite islands of Sulawesi region, Moluccas, central and eastern Lesser Sundas, and Raja Ampat Islands (northwest of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685006","grbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbpar1","avibase-9792A7D0",null,null,"New Guinea, ex Daubenton, pl. 713.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Psittacus megalorynchos"],["11941","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus megalorynchos megalorynchos","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and adjacent islands to Moluccas and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3942F0A",null,null,"New Guinea, ex Daubenton, pl. 713.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Psittacus megalorynchos"],["11942","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus megalorynchos affinis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Ambon, Haruku, and Seram Laut)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4717D6E4",null,null,"Buru, Amboina and Ceram.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/54/mode/1up","Tanygnathus affinis"],["11943","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus megalorynchos sumbensis","Meyer, 1882","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 31 p.762",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5729A3C",null,null,"Sumba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48128#page/902/mode/1up","Tanygnathus megalorhynchus (Bodd.) var. sumbensis"],["11944","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus megalorynchos hellmayri","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.134,149",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Rote, Semau, and southwestern Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2755E2E3",null,null,"Noilmina (=Noelmina), Dutch Timor; February 8, 1932; Georg Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Tanygnathus megalorhynchos hellmayri"],["11945","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Tanygnathus megalorynchos subaffinis","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar and Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena and Larat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-758B3215",null,null,"Larat Island.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/107/mode/1up","Tanygnathus subaffinis"],["11946","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula","Cuvier, 1800","Leçons d'anatomie comparée 1 endtableFALSE",null,null,null,"2025-0652","A broad genus <em>Psittacula sensu lato </em>(including <em>Lophopsittacus</em>) is advocated for the present. However, this renders the genus paraphyletic based on mitochondrial DNA (Braun et al. 2016, 2019) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023), with <em>Tanygnathus</em> embedded within it. Although mitochondrial DNA also placed <em>Psittinus</em> within <em>Psittacula sensu lato,</em> this relationship was not recovered using genomic data. A thorough assessment of the revisions proposed by Braun et al. (2016, 2019) is needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus alexandri [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Mathews, 1917, Birds Australia, 6, p. 169).",null,null,null,"Psittacula"],["11947","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula bensoni","(Holyoak, 1973)","Ibis vol.115, no.3 p.417","Mascarene Grey Parakeet","Mauritius Gray Parrot","Mauritius Grey Parrot",null,null,"formerly Mauritius and Réunion; extinct, last record from 1759","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728844","magpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magpar1","avibase-20F87A8D",null,null,"Small cave on a hillside near Port Louis, Mauritius","A undescribed extinct parrot from Mauritius","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1973.tb01980.x","Lophopsittacus bensoni"],["11948","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula roseata","Biswas, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1500 p.4","Blossom-headed Parakeet","Blossom-headed Parakeet","Blossom-headed Parakeet",null,null,"lowland to foothill woodland and open forest, from Nepal and eastern India eastward to southern China, and southward to peninsular Thailand and Indochina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685486","blhpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhpar3","avibase-7FBB0C8D",null,null,"Gunjong, northern Cachar, Assam","Revisions of Indian birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3969/","Psittacula roseata"],["11949","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula roseata roseata","Biswas, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1500 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India (West Bengal) to Bhutan, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C43F93B3",null,null,"Gunjong, northern Cachar, Assam","Revisions of Indian birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3969/","Psittacula roseata"],["11950","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula roseata juneae","Biswas, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1500 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and Thailand to Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F27370F2",null,null,"Arakan, Burma","Revisions of Indian birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3969/","Psittacula roseata juneae"],["11951","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula cyanocephala","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.141","Plum-headed Parakeet","Plum-headed Parakeet","Plum-headed Parakeet",null,null,"Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685481","plhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plhpar1","avibase-109000B4",null,null,"East Indies = Gingi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus cyanocephalus"],["11952","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula himalayana","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.239","Slaty-headed Parakeet","Slaty-headed Parakeet","Slaty-headed Parakeet",null,null,"Himalayas (Afghanistan to northern India, Nepal, and western Assam)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685468","slhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slhpar1","avibase-5D7421A0",null,null,"Valleys of the Himalayas.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA239","Psittacus (Conurus) Himalayanus"],["11953","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula finschii","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.509","Grey-headed Parakeet","Gray-headed Parakeet","Grey-headed Parakeet",null,null,"northern India (West Bengal) to southern China, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685473","gyhpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhpar2","avibase-A72667DF",null,null,"Kollidoo, 3500-5000 feet, upper Salween River, Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/533/mode/1up","Palaeornis Finschii"],["11954","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula caniceps","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.23","Nicobar Parakeet","Nicobar Parakeet","Nicobar Parakeet",null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685508","nicpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicpar1","avibase-3BC383B0",null,null,"Nicobars.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/145/mode/1up","Palaeornis caniceps"],["11955","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula longicauda","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53","Long-tailed Parakeet","Long-tailed Parakeet","Long-tailed Parakeet",null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra and most satellite islands, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685513","lotpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotpar2","avibase-39960EAB",null,null,"Malacca, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 887.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Psittacus longicauda"],["11956","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula longicauda tytleri","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.454",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0A02F39",null,null,"Andaman Islands;","Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/474/mode/1up","Palaeornis Tytleri"],["11957","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula longicauda nicobarica","(Gould, 1857)","The birds of Asia pt9 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A02737A",null,null,"Nicobars.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122488#page/33/mode/1up","Palaeornis Nicobaricus"],["11958","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula longicauda modesta","(Fraser, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.144 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano Island (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47E6A2D7",null,null,"No locality, cage bird.","Descriptions of three New Species of Birds in the Society's collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/230/mode/1up","Palaeornis modestus"],["11959","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula longicauda longicauda","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Nias, Bangka, and Anambas islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-309782F1",null,null,"Malacca, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 887.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/75/mode/1up","Psittacus longicauda"],["11960","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula longicauda defontainei","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Natuna Islands (off western Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-247C6E83",null,null,"Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands.","Nine new races of Natuna Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328589/em-nine-new-races-of-natuna-birds-em","Psittacula longicauda defontainei"],["11961","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula derbiana","(Fraser, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.216 p.245 pl.25","Lord Derby's Parakeet","Derbyan Parakeet","Lord Derby's Parakeet",null,null,"far southwestern China to southeastern Tibet and northeastern Assam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685500","derpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/derpar1","avibase-BE817B49",null,null,"No locality, cage bird.","On new Birds in the Collection at Knowsley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/329/mode/1up","Palaeornis Derbyanus"],["11962","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97","Red-breasted Parakeet","Red-breasted Parakeet","Red-breasted Parakeet",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, secondary woodland, mangroves, and plantations, from northern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to southern China (including Hainan), and southward through Andaman Islands, Indochina, and islands off Sumatra to southern Borneo and Java, and nearby islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685505","rebpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpar4","avibase-AC2576A1",null,null,"'China, Benghala, Aethiopia' = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus alexandri"],["11963","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri fasciata","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India to Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17B07774",null,null,"Pondicherry, error, restricted to Arakan by Ticehurst, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, 1933, p. 934.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/94/mode/1up","Psittacus fasciatus"],["11964","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri abbotti","(Oberholser, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30087ECE",null,null,"South Andaman Island.","Description of a new Conurus from the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/51/mode/1up","Conurus fasciatus abbotti"],["11965","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri cala","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue Island (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32BFAAE4",null,null,"Sibabo Bay, Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/122/mode/1up","Conurus fasciatus calus"],["11966","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri major","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Lasia Island and Babi Island (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA36081F",null,null,"Pulo Babi, west coast of Sumatra.","Descriptions of eight new birds from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/224/mode/1up","Palaeornis major"],["11967","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri perionca","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island, off western Sumatra; may now be very rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C11CC22D",null,null,"Samasama, Nias Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/122/mode/1up","Conurus fasciatus perioncus"],["11968","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri alexandri","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, and far southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D72A434A",null,null,"'China, Benghala, Aethiopia' = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus alexandri"],["11969","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri dammermani","Chasen & Kloss, 1932","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 7 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Karimunjawa Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-982841D7",null,null,"Karimon Java Island, Java Sea.","Three new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328493/em-three-new-malaysian-em-birds","Psittacula alexandri dammermani"],["11970","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula alexandri kangeanensis","Hoogerwerf, 1962","Ardea 50, no.3/4 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-641C0C88",null,null,"Bujutan near Ardjasa, Kangean Islands, Java Sea","Some ornithological notes on the smaller islands around Java (with the descriptions of seven new subspecies).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1188","Psittacula alexandri kangeanensis"],["11971","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula columboides","(Vigors, 1830)","The Zoological Journal 5, no.18 p.274","Blue-winged Parakeet","Malabar Parakeet","Malabar Parakeet",null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685489","malpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malpar1","avibase-378A591F",null,null,"No locality; Aneichardi, Travancore, designated by Stuart Baker, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 28, 1922, p. 332.","[in XXXVII. Scientific Notices.] Notice on some species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88258#page/288/mode/1up","Palaeornis columboides"],["11972","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula calthrapae","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.800","Layard's Parakeet","Layard's Parakeet","Emerald-collared Parakeet",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685493","laypar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laypar1","avibase-DB5ABCFC",null,null,"Ceylon.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/164/mode/1up","Palaeornis Calthrapae"],["11973","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula exsul","(Newton, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.5 p.33","Newton's Parakeet","Newton's Parakeet","Rodrigues Parakeet",null,null,"formerly Mascarene Islands; extinct, last reported 1875","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685465","newpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/newpar2","avibase-C7B5B804",null,null,"Rodriguez.","On an undescribed Bird from the Island of Rodriguez.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/55/mode/1up","Palaeornis exsul"],["11974","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula wardi","(Newton, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.341,note","Seychelles Parakeet","Seychelles Parakeet","Seychelles Parakeet",null,null,"formerly Seychelles; extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685437","seypar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seypar2","avibase-2C828882",null,null,"Seychelles.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from the Seychelles Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/369/mode/1up","Palaeornis wardi"],["11975","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eupatria","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.140","Alexandrine Parakeet","Alexandrine Parakeet","Alexandrine Parakeet",null,null,"lowland to foothill woodland, dry pine forest, mangroves, and coconut plantations, from northeastern Afghanistan and Pakistan eastward through India, Sri Lanka, and Andaman Islands, to southern Vietnam; introduced in western Europe, Türkiye, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, China, and central Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685434","alepar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alepar2","avibase-1021FA92",null,null,"No locality = Gingi, India ex Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/144/mode/1up","Psittacus Eupatria"],["11976","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eupatria nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Afghanistan to Pakistan, northern India, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEDBEA0E",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/227/mode/1up","Palaeornis Nipalensis"],["11977","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eupatria eupatria","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EED0A8C",null,null,"No locality = Gingi, India ex Brisson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/144/mode/1up","Psittacus Eupatria"],["11978","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eupatria magnirostris","(Ball, 1872)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.4 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E6E8C64",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","Notes on a collection of Birds made in the Andaman Islands by Assistant Surgeon G. E. Dobson, M. B., during the months of April and May.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/288/mode/1up","Palaeornis magnirostris"],["11979","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eupatria avensis","(Kloss, 1917)","The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2 no.3 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar and adjacent northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D139011C",null,null,"Bhamo, Upper Burma.","On two new races of Palaeornis eupatria (Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44586#page/265/mode/1up","Palaeornis eupatria avensis"],["11980","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eupatria siamensis","(Kloss, 1917)","The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2 no.3 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"Thailand to Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A42A848",null,null,"Lat Bua Kao, eastern Siam.","On two new races of Palaeornis eupatria (Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44586#page/265/mode/1up","Palaeornis eupatria siamensis"],["11981","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eques","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.13","Echo Parakeet","Echo Parakeet","Echo Parakeet",null,null,"Mauritius and formerly Réunion (west and central Mascarenes)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685448","maupar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maupar1","avibase-69F1E2FC",null,null,"Isle de Bourbon [Réunion Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/35/mode/1up","Psittacus eques"],["11982","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eques eques","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Réunion; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B1E7608",null,null,"Isle de Bourbon [Réunion Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/35/mode/1up","Psittacus eques"],["11983","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula eques echo","(Newton & Newton, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.23 p.284 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Mauritius",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06F0377B",null,null,"Mauritius.","On the Psittaci of the Mascarene Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/306/mode/1up","Palaeornis echo"],["11984","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula krameri","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.31","Rose-ringed Parakeet","Rose-ringed Parakeet","Rose-ringed Parakeet",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill woodland, riparian and dry pine forest, savanna, open scrub, gardens, and cultivation, in African Sahel from southern Mauritania eastward to Sudan and Eritrea, and in northeastern Afghanistan and Pakistan eastward through India and Sri Lanka to Myanmar; introduced in western Palearctic, Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Mauritius, Seychelles, Japan (central Honshu), Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Hawaiian Islands (Kauai and Oahu), southern United States, and Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685441","rorpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rorpar","avibase-6B1CFC3C",null,null,"No locality = Senegal, fide Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 23, 1915, p. 73, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/35/mode/1up","Psittacus krameri"],["11985","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula krameri krameri","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania southward to Guinea, eastward to southern Sudan, South Sudan, and far northern Uganda; widely introduced around the world, although the subspecific identify of these populations is poorly known; now feral across Europe and the Middle East and locally in north and south Africa, Mauritius, the Seychelles, locally in southeastern Asia, Japan (central Honshu), Australia, New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands (Kauai and Oahu), locally in North America (California, Florida and northern Baja California), locally in the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and in Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1958FBC8",null,null,"No locality = Senegal, fide Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 23, 1915, p. 73, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/35/mode/1up","Psittacus krameri"],["11986","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula krameri parvirostris","(de Souancé, 1856)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, no.8 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan, Eritrea, northwestern Ethiopia, and Djibouti",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-847BFA04",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/163/mode/1up","Palaeornis parvirostris"],["11987","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula krameri borealis","(Neumann, 1915)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Pakistan to northern India, Nepal, southeastern China, and central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1F3FC16",null,null,"Assam.","Neue tropische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/188/mode/1up","Palaeornis krameri borealis"],["11988","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacula krameri manillensis","(Bechstein, 1800)","Naturgeschichte der Stubenthiere oder Anleitung zur Kentniss und Wartung derjenigen Thiere, welche man in der Stube halten kann: 1. Band. Die Stubenvögel. Zweite vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage 1 p.612,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ADB8508",null,null,"Philippines, error = Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103400#page/634/mode/1up","Psittacus Manillensis"],["11989","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus brehmii [von Rosenberg]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1880, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 1, p. 145). = Psittacella brehmii Schlegel, 1871",null,null,null,"Psittacella"],["11990","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella modesta","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.36","Modest Tiger Parrot","Modest Tiger-Parrot","Modest Tiger-parrot",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684935","motpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motpar1","avibase-F4A6C191",null,null,"Mountainous interior, 4000-5000 feet, west coast of Geelvink Bay, i.e. Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/48/mode/1up","Psitacella modesta"],["11991","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella modesta modesta","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-270A8FF6",null,null,"Mountainous interior, 4000-5000 feet, west coast of Geelvink Bay, i.e. Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/48/mode/1up","Psitacella modesta"],["11992","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella modesta collaris","Ogilvie-Grant, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of western to central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8624EC99",null,null,"Utakwa River, 5500 feet, New Guinea.","Description of three new subspecies of Parrots from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/43/mode/1up","Psittacella modesta collaris"],["11993","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella madaraszi","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.4 pl.1 fig.1","Madarasz's Tiger Parrot","Madarasz's Tiger-Parrot","Madarasz's Tiger-parrot",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684940","matpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/matpar1","avibase-A2DE41CF",null,null,"Southeastern spurs of the Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/12/mode/1up","Psittacella madarászi"],["11994","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella madaraszi huonensis","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"mid-montane northeastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BE60984",null,null,"Sevia, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. March 25, 1929; R. H. Beck","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Psittacella modesta huonensis"],["11995","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella madaraszi madaraszi","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.4 pl.1 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"mid-montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-201DAD87",null,null,"Southeastern spurs of the Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/12/mode/1up","Psittacella madarászi"],["11996","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella picta","Rothschild, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.5","Painted Tiger Parrot","Painted Tiger-Parrot",null,"2025-0653","Taxon <em>lorentzi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Psittacella picta</em> based on available evidence. Plumage characters appear to form a stepped cline between eastern <em>picta</em>, central <em>excelsa</em>, and western <em>lorentzi</em>, a pattern suggestive of subspecies status; further research would be informative.","montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,"patpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patpar1","avibase-3E482706",null,null,"Mount Victoria, 5000-7000 feet, Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.","[Description of a new Parrot from New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/365/mode/1up","Psittacella picta"],["11997","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella picta lorentzi","van Oort, 1910","Notes from the Leyden Museum 32 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Snow Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D62875B",null,null,"Wichmann Mountains, 3000 meters. New Guinea.","Description of eight new birds collected by Mr. H. A. Lorentz in Southwestern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/230/mode/1up","Psittacella lorentzi"],["11998","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella picta excelsa","Mayr & Gilliard, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1524 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central highlands of Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BA1E796",null,null,"Mt. Orata, Kubor Mts., New Guinea","New species and subspecies of birds from the highlands of New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3912/","Psittacella picta excelsa"],["11999","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella picta picta","Rothschild, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Wharton and Owen Stanley mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E29089A",null,null,"Mount Victoria, 5000-7000 feet, Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.","[Description of a new Parrot from New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/365/mode/1up","Psittacella picta"],["12000","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella brehmii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.35","Brehm's Tiger Parrot","Brehm's Tiger-Parrot","Brehm's Tiger-parrot",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684925","brtpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtpar2","avibase-FD9589C1",null,null,"Mountainous interior, 4000-5000 feet, west coast of Geelvink Bay, i.e. Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/47/mode/1up","Psittacella Brehmii"],["12001","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella brehmii brehmii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (montane forest of Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83930691",null,null,"Mountainous interior, 4000-5000 feet, west coast of Geelvink Bay, i.e. Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/47/mode/1up","Psittacella Brehmii"],["12002","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella brehmii intermixta","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Snow Mountains, Weyland Mountains, and Mount Goliath)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52694351",null,null,"Mount Goliath, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/127/mode/1up","Psittacella brehmii intermixta"],["12003","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella brehmii harterti","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.702",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBDB2995",null,null,"Mongi-Busu, Saruwaged Mountains, NE New Guinea.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Psittacella brehmii harterti"],["12004","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psittacella brehmii pallida","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"central mountains of Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2CD00C1",null,null,"Southeastern spurs of the Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/11/mode/1up","Psittacella pallida"],["12005","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Pezoporus","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.201",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus formosus [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Psittacus wallicus Kerr, 1792",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/225/mode/1up","Pezoporus"],["12006","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Pezoporus occidentalis","(Gould, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.1 p.100","Night Parrot","Night Parrot","Night Parrot",null,null,"central Australia (northern semiarid Western Australia and southwestern Queensland)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685237","nigpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nigpar2","avibase-A05AB2B9",null,null,"West Australia.","On a New Genus and Species of Parakeet from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/158/mode/1up","Geopsittacus occidentalis"],["12007","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Pezoporus wallicus","(Kerr, 1792)","The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus 1 pt2 p.581","Ground Parrot","Ground Parrot","Ground Parrot","2025-0657","Taxon <em>flaviventris </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pezoporus wallicus</em> based on available evidence. Although mitochondrial DNA divergence is relatively deep (Joseph et al. 2011a; Murphy et al. 2011), phenotypic differences are slight, and corroborating information from ecology and behavior are lacking. Furthermore, support from nuclear DNA (Joseph et al. 2011) and genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) are interpreted cautiously due to limited taxon sampling and the potential for missing data to bias phylogenetic reconstructions (see Smith et al. 2023).","southwestern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685226","gropar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gropar1","avibase-50C8A5CF",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119041#page/613/mode/1up","Psittacus wallicus"],["12008","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Pezoporus wallicus wallicus","(Kerr, 1792)","The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus 1 pt2 p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (K'gari/Fraser Island to southwestern Victoria); formerly southeastern South Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BDEAA14",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119041#page/613/mode/1up","Psittacus wallicus"],["12009","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Pezoporus wallicus leachi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-502AD0AA",null,null,"Tasmania.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/304/mode/1up","Pezoporus terrestris leachi"],["12010","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Pezoporus wallicus flaviventris","North, 1911","Nests and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania. Special catalogue no. 1. Australian Museum, Sydney no.1, vol.3, pt.2 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Cape Arid National Park); formerly west to Albany",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-208CA512",null,null,"King George Sound, Australia.","Nest and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42060#page/193/mode/1up","Pezoporus flaviventris"],["12011","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neopsephotus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Euphema bourkii [Gould, 1841]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/303/mode/1up","Neopsephotus"],["12012","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neopsephotus bourkii","(Gould, 1841)","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.5) pl.43, with text","Bourke's Parrot","Bourke's Parrot","Bourke's Parrot",null,null,"semiarid Australia (southwestern Queensland and northwestern New South Wales, northeastern South Australia, southern Northern Territory, and central and western Western Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685191","boupar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boupar2","avibase-3CB1B8E8",null,null,"Bogan River, New South Whales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/181/mode/1up","Euphema Bourkii"],["12013","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.569",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus pulchellus [Shaw, 1792]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/591/mode/1up","Neophema"],["12014","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema pulchella","(Shaw, 1792)","The naturalist's miscellany 3, no.8 pl.96","Turquoise Parrot","Turquoise Parrot","Turquoise Parrot",null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland southward to northern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685209","turpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turpar1","avibase-6F2C5E7B",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155192#page/145/mode/1up","Psittacus pulchellus"],["12015","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema splendida","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.147","Scarlet-chested Parrot","Scarlet-chested Parrot","Scarlet-chested Parrot",null,null,"semiarid southern Australia (east of Kalgoorlie to southeastern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685214","sccpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sccpar1","avibase-E26391B5",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/873/mode/1up","Euphema splendida"],["12016","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema chrysogaster","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.97","Orange-bellied Parrot","Orange-bellied Parrot","Orange-bellied Parrot",null,null,"breeds Melaleuca inlet, southwestern Tasmania; winters to coastal mainland Australia (southeastern South Australia to central Victoria); very rare",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685203","orbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbpar1","avibase-7FB356E8",null,null,"No locality = Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/119/mode/1up","Psittacus chrysogaster"],["12017","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema chrysostoma","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.50 pl.1","Blue-winged Parrot","Blue-winged Parrot","Blue-winged Parrot",null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (southeastern South Australia to eastern Victoria) including Tasmania; winters northward to northeastern New South Wales and southwestern Queensland",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685194","blwpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwpar3","avibase-DEEC38A7",null,null,"New Holland, error = Tasmania.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus chrysostomus"],["12018","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema elegans","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.25","Elegant Parrot","Elegant Parrot","Elegant Parrot",null,null,"disjunct in southwestern and south-central Australia, including Kangaroo Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685197","elepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elepar1","avibase-9E8F1FEB",null,null,"Tasmania? error = Victoria, fide Mathews 1912.","Characters of New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/197/mode/1up","Nanodes elegans"],["12019","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema elegans elegans","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central southern Australia (Eyre Peninsula to western Victoria); winters to northern Flinders Ranges",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53EA9155",null,null,"Tasmania? error = Victoria, fide Mathews 1912.","Characters of New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/197/mode/1up","Nanodes elegans"],["12020","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema elegans carteri","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Australia (Joondalup northwest to Buntine and southward to Esperance); winters northward as far as Shark Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20367775",null,null,"Broome Hill, West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/302/mode/1up","Psephotus elegans carteri"],["12021","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema petrophila","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.148","Rock Parrot","Rock Parrot","Rock Parrot",null,null,"coasts and islands of western and southern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685200","rocpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpar1","avibase-B148FE32",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/874/mode/1up","Euphema petrophila"],["12022","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema petrophila petrophila","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Australia (Jurien Bay to Cape Arid)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AC5E2EB",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/874/mode/1up","Euphema petrophila"],["12023","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neophema petrophila zietzi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central southern Australia (western Eyre Peninsula to central Coorong, and Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AC5D23D",null,null,"Sir Joseph Banks Islands, Spencer Gulf, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/302/mode/1up","Psephotus petrophilus zietzi"],["12024","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lathamus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.3 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus discolor [Shaw, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15 (1826), p. 277).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/243/mode/1up","Lathamus"],["12025","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lathamus discolor","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions pl.49","Swift Parrot","Swift Parrot","Swift Parrot",null,null,"breeds Tasmania; winters southeastern South Australia to southeastern Queensland",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685219","swipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swipar1","avibase-F5E8A0CE",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/73/mode/1up","Psittacus Discolor"],["12026","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prosopeia","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Coracopsis personata [Gray, GR, 1848]; type by monotypy = Coracopsis personata G.R.Gray, 1848      ",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/163/mode/1up","Prosopeia"],["12027","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prosopeia personata","(Gray, 1848)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.181 p.21 pl.3","Masked Shining Parrot","Masked Shining-Parrot","Masked Shining-parrot",null,null,"Fiji (Viti Levu); may have formerly occurred also on Ovalau and Bau",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685035","maspar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maspar2","avibase-727125B5",null,null,"New Guinea?","On a new species of Parrot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/41/mode/1up","Coracopsis ? personata"],["12028","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prosopeia splendens","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.127","Crimson Shining Parrot","Crimson Shining-Parrot","Crimson Shining-parrot",null,null,"Fiji (Kadavu and Ono)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685029","crspar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crspar1","avibase-A24459F6",null,null,"Peale's River, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/147/mode/1up","Platycercus splendens"],["12029","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prosopeia tabuensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.317","Maroon Shining Parrot","Maroon Shining-Parrot","Maroon Shining-parrot",null,null,"northern Fiji (southwestern Polynesia) and (introduced) Tonga (south-central Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685041","respar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/respar1","avibase-EDBDE745",null,null,"Friendly Islands, i.e. Tonga Tabu, Tonga Islands, ex Latham, Syn., 1, p. 214, no. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/329/mode/1up","Psittacus tabuensis"],["12030","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prosopeia tabuensis taviunensis","(Layard, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.22 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Taveuni and Qamea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED48125",null,null,"Taviuni, Fiji Islands.","Notes on some little-known Birds of the new Colony of the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/163/mode/1up","Platycercus taviunensis"],["12031","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Prosopeia tabuensis tabuensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Vanua Levu, Kioa, Koro, and Gau); ‘Eua Island (Tonga; introduced)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C2CFC2E",null,null,"Friendly Islands, i.e. Tonga Tabu, Tonga Islands, ex Latham, Syn., 1, p. 214, no. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/329/mode/1up","Psittacus tabuensis"],["12032","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eunymphicus","Peters, 1937","Check-list of birds of the world 3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus cornutus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50577#page/287/mode/1up","Eunymphicus"],["12033","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eunymphicus cornutus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.327","Horned Parakeet","Horned Parakeet","Horned Parakeet",null,null,"New Caledonia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685185","horpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horpar2","avibase-FC7AB945",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/339/mode/1up","Psittacus cornutus"],["12034","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Eunymphicus uvaeensis","(Layard & Layard, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.408 pl.26 fig.2","Ouvea Parakeet","Ouvea Parakeet","Ouvea Parakeet",null,null,"Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728354","horpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horpar3","avibase-7CF9DDC2",null,null,"Uvea, Loyalty Islands.","Description of a new Species of Parrot of the Genus Nymphicus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/500/mode/1up","Nymphicus uvaeensis"],["12035","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus pacificus [Forster]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 86). = Psittacus zealandicus Latham, 1790",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/163/mode/1up","Cyanoramphus"],["12036","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus ulietanus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.328","Raiatea Kakariki","Raiatea Kakariki","Raiatea Parakeet",null,null,"formerly Raiatea (eastern Society Islands); extinct, last reported 1773","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728673","raipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/raipar1","avibase-0C4E73C1",null,null,"Ulietea, Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/340/mode/1up","Psittacus ulietanus"],["12037","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus zealandicus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.102","Black-fronted Kakariki","Black-fronted Kakariki","Black-fronted Parakeet",null,null,"formerly Society Islands; extinct, last reported 1850","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685182","blfpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfpar2","avibase-4AA6F2A7",null,null,"New Zealand, error = Society Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/124/mode/1up","Psittacus zealandicus"],["12038","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus saisseti","Verreaux & des Murs, 1860","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.9 p.387","New Caledonian Kakariki","New Caledonian Kakariki",null,"2025-0656","The <em>Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae</em> complex is provisionally split into three species to maintain consistency with regional taxonomies (Christidis &amp; Boles 2008; Checklist Committee OSNZ 2022): <em>C. saisseti; C. cookii</em> (polytypic, including <em>subflavescens</em>); and <em>C. novaezelandiae </em>(polytypic, including <em>cyanurus, chathamensis</em>, and <em>erythrotis</em>). Additionally, taxon <em>hochstetteri </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>C. malherbi </em>based on mitochondrial DNA data (Rawlence et al. 2015), although genomic data (Smith et al. 2023), morphology, and ecology suggest it may deserve species status, and this issue will be reconsidered for a future version of AviList. Despite numerous genetic studies, the taxonomy of this group remains unsettled, with evidence of recent divergence, past hybridization, and incomplete lineage sorting confounding delineation of species boundaries.","New Caledonia",null,null,null,"necpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necpar1","avibase-75F9612E",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/391/mode/1up","Cyanoramphus Saisseti"],["12039","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus forbesi","Rothschild, 1893","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893, pt.3, no.35 p.529","Chatham Islands Kakariki","Chatham Islands Kakariki","Chatham Islands Parakeet",null,null,"Chatham Islands (Mangere and Little Mangare)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724553","chipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chipar1","avibase-3CDE13A1",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","Exhibition of a series of Parrots of the Genus Cyanorhamphus and description of a new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111041#page/643/mode/1up","Cyanorhamphus forbesi"],["12040","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus cookii","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.13","Norfolk Parakeet","Norfolk Island Kakariki",null,"2025-0656","The <em>Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae</em> complex is provisionally split into three species to maintain consistency with regional taxonomies (Christidis &amp; Boles 2008; Checklist Committee OSNZ 2022): <em>C. saisseti; C. cookii</em> (polytypic, including <em>subflavescens</em>); and <em>C. novaezelandiae </em>(polytypic, including <em>cyanurus, chathamensis</em>, and <em>erythrotis</em>). Additionally, taxon <em>hochstetteri </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>C. malherbi </em>based on mitochondrial DNA data (Rawlence et al. 2015), although genomic data (Smith et al. 2023), morphology, and ecology suggest it may deserve species status, and this issue will be reconsidered for a future version of AviList. Despite numerous genetic studies, the taxonomy of this group remains unsettled, with evidence of recent divergence, past hybridization, and incomplete lineage sorting confounding delineation of species boundaries.","Norfolk Island and formerly Lord Howe Island",null,null,null,"noipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noipar1","avibase-7F2CE97B",null,null,"New Zealand, error = Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/53/mode/1up","Platycercus Cookii"],["12041","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus cookii cookii","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80D30223",null,null,"New Zealand, error = Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/53/mode/1up","Platycercus Cookii"],["12042","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus cookii subflavescens","Salvadori, 1891","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7, no.37 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1860s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BCB86E7",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","VI. Description of Two new Species of Parrots of the Genus Cyanorhamphus in the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/82/mode/1up","Cyanorhamphus subflavescens"],["12043","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus auriceps","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.46","Yellow-crowned Kakariki","Yellow-crowned Kakariki","Yellow-fronted Parakeet",null,null,"North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and Auckland Islands (New Zealand)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685175","yefpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefpar3","avibase-57B42328",null,null,"New Holland = South Island, New Zealand, apud Mathews and Iredale 1913.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/114/mode/1up","Psittacus auriceps"],["12044","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus malherbi","de Souancé, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.98","Orange-fronted Kakariki","Orange-fronted Kakariki","Malherbe's Parakeet","2026-096","<em>Cyanoramphus hochstetteri </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>C. malherbi</em> pending further research. Although mitochondrial DNA data align <em>C. hochstetteri </em>with <em>C. malherbi</em> (Boon et al. 2001; Rawlence et al. 2015) and these taxa were lumped in AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0656), this arrangement is not supported by genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) or differences in plumage, morphology, ecology and vocalizations. However, further research may support the conspecificity of <em>hochstetteri</em> with another taxon.","Nothofagus forest of northern South Island (New Zealand)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724562","malpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malpar2","avibase-8AF04EDB",null,null,"Locality unknown = South Island, New Zealand.","Descriptions de trois nouvelles espèces de Perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/106/mode/1up","Cyanoramphus Malherbi"],["12045","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xxviii,pl.FALSE","Red-crowned Kakariki","Red-crowned Kakariki",null,"2025-0656.1","The <em>Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae</em> complex is provisionally split into three species to maintain consistency with regional taxonomies (Christidis &amp; Boles 2008; Checklist Committee OSNZ 2022): <em>C. saisseti; C. cookii</em> (polytypic, including <em>subflavescens</em>); and <em>C. novaezelandiae </em>(polytypic, including <em>cyanurus, chathamensis</em>, and <em>erythrotis</em>). Additionally, <em>Cyanoramphus hochstetteri </em>is treated as distinct from <em>C. malherbi </em>(see issue 2026-096). Despite numerous genetic studies, the taxonomy of this group remains unsettled, with evidence of recent divergence, past hybridization, and incomplete lineage sorting confounding delineation of species boundaries.","North and Stewart islands and satellite islands, Chatham Islands (east of South Island) and Auckland Islands (south of South Island; New Zealand)",null,null,null,"refpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refpar4","avibase-818BB432",null,null,"New Zealand, i.e. Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/23/mode/1up","Psittacus Novae Zelandiae"],["12046","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cyanurus","Salvadori, 1891","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7, no.37 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Kermadec Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66BD7903",null,null,"Raoul Island, Kermadec Group.","VI. Description of Two new Species of Parrots of the Genus Cyanorhamphus in the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/82/mode/1up","Cyanorhamphus cyanurus"],["12047","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae novaezelandiae","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xxviii,pl.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"North, South, Stewart, and Auckland islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-136A22FD",null,null,"New Zealand, i.e. Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/23/mode/1up","Psittacus Novae Zelandiae"],["12048","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis","Oliver, 1930","New Zealand Birds ed. 1 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"Chatham Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FDE40CA",null,null,"Chatham Island.",null,null,"Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis"],["12049","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae erythrotis","(Wagler, 1832)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1890s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-C792CA6E",null,null,"Macquarie Islands, ex Vigors, Zool. Journ., 1, 1825, p. 529, suppl. pl. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42253#page/544/mode/1up","Psittacus erythrotis"],["12050","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus unicolor","(Lear, 1831)","Illustrations of the family of Psittacidæ, or parrots (etc.) pt4 pl.25","Antipodes Kakariki","Antipodes Kakariki","Antipodes Parakeet",null,null,"locally in Antipodes Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685162","antpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antpar1","avibase-06AC693C",null,null,"No locality = Antipodes Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125973#page/61/mode/1up","Platycercus unicolor"],["12051","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyanoramphus hochstetteri","(Reischek, 1889)","Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 21 p.387","Reischek's Kakariki","Reischek's Kakariki",null,"2026-096","<em>Cyanoramphus hochstetteri </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>C. malherbi</em> pending further research. Although mitochondrial DNA data align <em>C. hochstetteri </em>with <em>C. malherbi</em> (Boon et al. 2001; Rawlence et al. 2015) and these taxa were lumped in AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0656), this arrangement is not supported by genomic data (Smith et al. 2023) or differences in plumage, morphology, ecology and vocalizations. However, further research may support the conspecificity of <em>hochstetteri</em> with another taxon.","Antipodes Islands",null,null,null,"reipar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reipar1","avibase-F613770E",null,null,"Antipodes Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22740#page/477/mode/1up","Platycercus hochstetteri"],["12052","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Barnardius","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Barnardius typicus [Bonaparte, 1854]; type by virtual tautonymy = Platycercus barnardi Vigors & Horsfield, 1827",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/163/mode/1up","Barnardius"],["12053","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Barnardius zonarius","(Shaw, 1805)","The naturalist's miscellany 16, no.6 pl.657","Australian Ringneck","Australian Ringneck","Australian Ringneck",null,null,"Australia (except northern, eastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685090","polpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/polpar1","avibase-0F0DAFFA",null,null,"Australia = Port Lincoln, South Australia, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125377#page/131/mode/1up","Psittacus zonarius"],["12054","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Barnardius zonarius barnardi","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid southeastern Australia (southern Queensland southward to northwestern Victoria and eastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7A50056",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/292/mode/1up","Platycercus Barnardi"],["12055","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Barnardius zonarius parkeri","Forshaw & Joseph, 2016","The Emu 116(4) p.440-444",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (northeastern South Australia and southwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-256B75BF",null,null,"15 km north-east of Cullyamurra [Callamurra on label] Waterhole, north-east of Innamincka, South Australia;","A new subspecies of the Australian Ringneck (Barnardius zonarius) from the Upper Cooper Creek Drainage, Lake Eyre Basin, central Australia","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU16005","Barnardius zonarius parkeri"],["12056","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Barnardius zonarius macgillivrayi","(North, 1900)","The Victorian Naturalist 17 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"northeast-central Australia (eastern Northern Territory and northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1F22F56",null,null,"Leila Vale Station on the Fullarton River, 30 miles east of Cloncurry township, Burke district, Queensland.","Description of a new Parakeet from the Burke district, North Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95020#page/123/mode/1up","Platycercus macgillivrayi"],["12057","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Barnardius zonarius semitorquatus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.237 AtlasOis. pl.23",null,null,null,null,null,"forested southwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-371FB8A4",null,null,"King George Sound, West Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/295/mode/1up","Psittacus semitorquatus"],["12058","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Barnardius zonarius zonarius","(Shaw, 1805)","The naturalist's miscellany 16, no.6 pl.657",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Australia (western Australia south of the Kimberley region except far southwest, southern Northern Territory, and western South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9027F80",null,null,"Australia = Port Lincoln, South Australia, apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125377#page/131/mode/1up","Psittacus zonarius"],["12059","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.527",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus pennantii [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation = Psittacus elegans J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,"Description of some rare, interesting, or hiterto uncharacterized subjects of zoology","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/559/mode/1up","Platycercus"],["12060","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus caledonicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.328","Green Rosella","Green Rosella","Green Rosella",null,null,"Tasmania and larger islands in Bass Strait",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685104","greros2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greros2","avibase-DCC3878A",null,null,"New Caledonia, error = Tasmania and fixed as Adventure Bay by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, p. 324.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/340/mode/1up","Psittacus caledonicus"],["12061","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus caledonicus caledonicus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-347402B1",null,null,"New Caledonia, error = Tasmania and fixed as Adventure Bay by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, p. 324.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/340/mode/1up","Psittacus caledonicus"],["12062","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus caledonicus brownii","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BF2A0F8",null,null,"in Nova Hollandia [=Australia]","Conspectus Psittacorum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/124/mode/1up","Psittacus brownii"],["12063","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.318","Crimson Rosella","Crimson Rosella","Crimson Rosella",null,null,"varied forest and wooded habitats of eastern Australia from southern Cape York Peninsula south and west to Flinders Ranges (southeastern South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733483","criros2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/criros2","avibase-C343ED67",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales, apud Mathews, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/330/mode/1up","Psittacus elegans"],["12064","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans nigrescens","Ramsay, 1888","Tabular list of all the Australian birds at present known to the author, showing the distribution of the species over the continent of Australia and adjacent islands p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C93F002",null,null,"Bellenden Ker Range, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49555#page/72/mode/1up","Platycercus pennantii var. nigrescens"],["12065","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans filewoodi","McAllan & Bruce, 1989","The birds of New South Wales: a working list p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range, east-central Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5154CB4C",null,null,"higher altitude of the Clarke Range [Australia]",null,null,"Platycercus elegans filewoodi"],["12066","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans elegans","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-240BB4D9",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales, apud Mathews, infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/330/mode/1up","Psittacus elegans"],["12067","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans melanopterus","North, 1906","The Emu 6 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE6ED788",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","[Notes].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34190#page/106/mode/1up","Platycercus melanoptera"],["12068","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans adelaidae","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Australia (Fleurieu Peninsula to Mount Lofty Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A0C466F",null,null,"S. Austr., Adelaide Plains betw. Holdfast Bay and Mt Lofty Range","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/887/mode/1up","Platycercus Adelaidae"],["12069","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans subadelaidae","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Australia (southern Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BC2CA50",null,null,"Port Augusta, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/294/mode/1up","Platycercus elegans subadelaidae"],["12070","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus elegans flaveolus","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.[23]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (upstream from Murray River mouth to Albury on the Murray, Gundagai (Murrumbidgee), Whitfield (King), and Myrtleford (Ovens)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A54BA5C",null,null,"New . South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/100/mode/1up","Platycercus flaveolus"],["12071","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus icterotis","(Temminck & Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.54","Western Rosella","Western Rosella","Western Rosella",null,null,"southwestern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685130","wesros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesros1","avibase-D514DE80",null,null,"New Holland = southwestern Australia, erroneously restricted to Sharks Bay, West Australia by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 273, and corrected to Albany, southwestern Australia by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, 1917, p. 335.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/122/mode/1up","Psittacus icterotis"],["12072","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus icterotis icterotis","(Temminck & Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"forested southwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9288EC5A",null,null,"New Holland = southwestern Australia, erroneously restricted to Sharks Bay, West Australia by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 273, and corrected to Albany, southwestern Australia by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, 1917, p. 335.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/122/mode/1up","Psittacus icterotis"],["12073","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus icterotis xanthogenys","Salvadori, 1891","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891, pt.1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid southwestern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62560B7E",null,null,"No locality.","Description of two new Species of Parrots of the Genus Platycercus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99645#page/185/mode/1up","Platycercus xanthogenys"],["12074","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus eximius","(Shaw, 1792)","The naturalist's miscellany 3, no.7 pl.93","Eastern Rosella","Eastern Rosella","Eastern Rosella",null,null,"southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685126","easros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easros1","avibase-69F0C9FF",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155192#page/123/mode/1up","Psittacus eximius"],["12075","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus eximius elecica","Schodde & Short, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E32FD4C0",null,null,"Lynche's Creek, Wiangaree, 16 April 1983, coll. R. Schodde","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Platycercus eximius elecica"],["12076","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus eximius eximius","(Shaw, 1792)","The naturalist's miscellany 3, no.7 pl.93",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern New South Wales, Victoria, and southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F90214",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales apud Mathews.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155192#page/123/mode/1up","Psittacus eximius"],["12077","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus eximius diemenensis","North, 1911","Nests and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania. Special catalogue no. 1. Australian Museum, Sydney no.1, vol.3, pt.2 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44F81F0D",null,null,"Tasmania.","Nest and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42060#page/146/mode/1up","Platycercus diemenensis"],["12078","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus adscitus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.126","Pale-headed Rosella","Pale-headed Rosella","Pale-headed Rosella",null,null,"east-central and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685122","pahros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pahros1","avibase-CEF31CF5",null,null,"No locality = Cooktown, Queensland, by designation of Mathews, 1912.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/148/mode/1up","Psittacus adscitus"],["12079","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus adscitus adscitus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3580CE3",null,null,"No locality = Cooktown, Queensland, by designation of Mathews, 1912.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/148/mode/1up","Psittacus adscitus"],["12080","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus adscitus palliceps","Lear, 1832","Illustrations of the family of Psittacidæ, or parrots (etc.) pt12 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Queensland southward to northeastern New South Wales west of the Great Dividing Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6718A808",null,null,"No locality = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125973#page/49/mode/1up","Platycercus palliceps"],["12081","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus venustus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.52","Northern Rosella","Northern Rosella","Northern Rosella",null,null,"Kimberley Range to Northern Territory/Queensland border",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685119","norros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norros1","avibase-4BEAE23B",null,null,"New Holland, the type was taken at Arnhem Bay, Northern Territory, fide Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, 1917, p. 350.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus venustus"],["12082","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus venustus venustus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (northern Northern Territory and northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1705266",null,null,"New Holland, the type was taken at Arnhem Bay, Northern Territory, fide Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, 1917, p. 350.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus venustus"],["12083","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Platycercus venustus hilli","Mathews, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, and northwestern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E933652A",null,null,"Napier Broome Bay, northwestern Australia.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Parroquet from Broom Bay, N.W. Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/56/mode/1up","Platycercus venustus hilli"],["12084","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotus","Gould, 1845","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.19) pl.33, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platycercus haematonotus [Gould, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/141/mode/1up","Psephotus"],["12085","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotus haematonotus","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.57 p.88","Red-rumped Parrot","Red-rumped Parrot","Red-rumped Parrot",null,null,"southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685139","rerpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rerpar1","avibase-D50BD34B",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition of Australian Birds from his own Collection, and characters of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/260/mode/1up","Platycercus haematonotus"],["12086","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotus haematonotus caeruleus","Condon, 1941","Records of the South Australian Museum 7 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (northeastern South Australia and southwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5D33D4F",null,null,"Innamincka Station (Lake Eyre Basin), South Australia","The Australian Broad-tailed Parrots (Subfamily Platycercinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127369#page/156/mode/1up","Psephotus haematonotus caeruleus"],["12087","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotus haematonotus haematonotus","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.57 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southern Queensland to Mount Lofty ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0693D4C4",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition of Australian Birds from his own Collection, and characters of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/260/mode/1up","Platycercus haematonotus"],["12088","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Northiella","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Platycercus haematogaster [Gould, 1838]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/300/mode/1up","Northiella"],["12089","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Northiella narethae","(White, 1921)","The Emu 21 p.81 pl.12","Naretha Bluebonnet","Naretha Bluebonnet",null,"2025-0654","Taxon <em>narethae</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Northiella haematogaster</em> based on differences in plumage, and divergence in mitochondrial DNA with no signs of introgression (Dolman &amp; Joseph 2015). Although limited genomic data also support the distinctiveness of <em>narethae</em> (Smith et al. 2023), broader geographic sampling is desirable.","southeastern Western Australia to southwestern South Australia (fringes of Nullarbor Plain)",null,null,null,"bluebo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluebo4","avibase-DAF924B8",null,null,"Naretha, West Australia.","The Naretha Parrot (Psephotus narethae) sp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35943#page/119/mode/1up","Psephotus narethae"],["12090","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Northiella haematogaster","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.57 p.89","Eastern Bluebonnet","Greater Bluebonnet",null,"2025-0654","Taxon <em>narethae</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Northiella haematogaster</em> based on differences in plumage, and divergence in mitochondrial DNA with no signs of introgression (Dolman &amp; Joseph 2015). Although limited genomic data also support the distinctiveness of <em>narethae</em> (Smith et al. 2023), broader geographic sampling is desirable.","south-central and southeastern Australia",null,null,null,"bluebo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluebo1","avibase-8AFC47C9",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition of Australian Birds from his own Collection, and characters of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/261/mode/1up","Platycercus haematogaster"],["12091","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Northiella haematogaster haematorrhoa","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Naumannia 6 Consp.Psitt.inBeilag.no.1 col.13",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (inland southern Queensland and northern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56A6814A",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49215#page/545/mode/1up","Psephotus haematorrhous"],["12092","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Northiella haematogaster haematogaster","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.57 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (eastern South Australia, northwestern Victoria, and western New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C35CBC0D",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition of Australian Birds from his own Collection, and characters of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/261/mode/1up","Platycercus haematogaster"],["12093","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Northiella haematogaster pallescens","(Salvadori, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (northeastern South Australia, southwestern Queensland, and northwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9BC537F",null,null,"Coopers Creek, South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/585/mode/1up","Psephotus xanthorrhous var. pallescens"],["12094","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Purpureicephalus","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platycercus pileatus [Vigors, 1830]; type by monotypy = Psittacus spurius Kuhl, 1820",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/163/mode/1up","Purpureicephalus"],["12095","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Purpureicephalus spurius","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.52","Red-capped Parrot","Red-capped Parrot","Red-capped Parrot",null,null,"southwestern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685087","recpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recpar1","avibase-3E2C25E8",null,null,"New Holland = Albany, southwestern Australia, by designation of Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 275.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus spurius"],["12096","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotellus","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.2-3 p.57",null,null,null,"2025-0655","The genus <em>Psephotellus </em>is recognized for four species (<em>P. varius, P. dissimilis, P. chrysopterygius</em>, and <em>P. pulcherrimus</em>) based on the genomic data of Irestedt et al. (2019) and Smith et al. (2023). Previously placed in <em>Psephotus </em>along with <em>haematonotus</em>, genetic data shows this group to be non-monophyletic, with <em>Northiella </em>and <em>Purpureicephalus </em>embedded within it. Although all genera could be united in <em>Psephotus</em>, the morphological and ecological disparity present in this clade is best accommodated by the four-genus approach.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platycercus pulcherrimus [Gould, 1845]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"New generic names","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/75/mode/1up","Psephotellus"],["12097","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotellus varius","(Clark, 1910)","The Auk 27, no.1 p.80","Mulga Parrot","Mulga Parrot","Mulga Parrot",null,null,"semiarid southern and central Australia (western Western Australia to central New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685142","mulpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mulpar1","avibase-E3EDF6CC",null,null,"According to Mathews the type locality of Ps. multicolor Kuhl is at the head of Spencer Gulf, Australia.","A New Name for Psephotus multicolor.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol27/iss1/26/","Psephotus varius"],["12098","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotellus dissimilis","(Collett, 1898)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898, pt.3 p.356","Hooded Parrot","Hooded Parrot","Hooded Parrot",null,null,"central northern Australia (north-central Northern Territory)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685145","hoopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoopar1","avibase-E12284B8",null,null,"Mary River, Northern Territory.","On some Pigeons and Parrots from North and North-west Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97095#page/452/mode/1up","Psephotus dissimilis"],["12099","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotellus pulcherrimus","(Gould, 1845)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.15, no.96 p.115","Paradise Parrot","Paradise Parrot","Paradise Parrot",null,null,"formerly eastern Australia (eastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales); extinct, last recorded 1940s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685156","parpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parpar2","avibase-ECBBD3D5",null,null,"Darling Downs, Queensland.","XVII. On a new species of Platycercus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61866#page/129/mode/1up","Platycercus pulcherrimus"],["12100","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psephotellus chrysopterygius","(Gould, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.220","Golden-shouldered Parrot","Golden-shouldered Parrot","Golden-shouldered Parrot",null,null,"northeastern Australia (south-central Cape York Peninsula)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685150","gospar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gospar1","avibase-9551D3F3",null,null,"Australia in lat. 18° S., long. 141° 30' E.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/232/mode/1up","Psephotus chrysopterygius"],["12101","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Bolbopsittacus","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.503",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus lunulatus [Scopoli, 1786]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/525/mode/1up","Bolbopsittacus"],["12102","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Bolbopsittacus lunulatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.86","Guaiabero","Guaiabero","Guaiabero",null,null,"Philippines (except West Visayas, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684914","guaiab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guaiab1","avibase-E56BBA80",null,null,"Luzon ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Psittacus lunulatus"],["12103","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Bolbopsittacus lunulatus lunulatus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7082F23E",null,null,"Luzon ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Psittacus lunulatus"],["12104","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Bolbopsittacus lunulatus callainipictus","Parkes, 1971","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 91 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Samar (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01D45ACE",null,null,"Bonga, Samar, Philippines","Two new parrots from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/130/mode/1up","Bolbopsittacus lunulatus callainipictus"],["12105","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Bolbopsittacus lunulatus intermedius","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.505 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Leyte and Panaon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE94EB91",null,null,"Philippine Islands = Samar, fide Hachisuka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/527/mode/1up","Bolbopsittacus intermedius"],["12106","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Bolbopsittacus lunulatus mindanensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54CF9D90",null,null,"Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/10/mode/1up","Cyclopsitta Mindanensis"],["12107","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis","Selby, 1836","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, vol.VI p.118",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus swindernianus [Kuhl, 1820]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 53).",null,"The Natural History of Parrots","https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Natural_History_of_Parrots/Uv9cAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Agapornis&pg=PA118&printsec=frontcover","Agapornis"],["12108","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis canus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.350","Grey-headed Lovebird","Gray-headed Lovebird","Grey-headed Lovebird",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest edges, wooded savanna, scrub and areas with Medemia palms, of Madagascar; introduced to Comoros",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685326","gyhlov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhlov1","avibase-D4686ACD",null,null,"Madagascar and Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/362/mode/1up","Psittacus canus"],["12109","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis canus canus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"western and eastern Madagascar (except range of ablectaneus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C539D24",null,null,"Madagascar and Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/362/mode/1up","Psittacus canus"],["12110","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis canus ablectaneus","Bangs, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 61, no.14 p.503",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F2264D7",null,null,"Morondava Delta, southwestern Madagascar.","Vertebrata from Madagascar. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25424#page/655/mode/1up","Agapornis madagascariensis ablectanea"],["12111","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis swindernianus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.62 pl.2","Black-collared Lovebird","Black-collared Lovebird","Black-collared Lovebird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest, and riparian woodland, from Sierra Leone eastward to Ghana, and from southern Cameroon eastward to far western Uganda, and southward to Gabon and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685338","blclov2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blclov2","avibase-D44EE47D",null,null,"Africa, i.e. Liberia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/130/mode/1up","Psittacus Swindernianus"],["12112","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis swindernianus swindernianus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.62 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily distributed Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB4432C0",null,null,"Africa, i.e. Liberia.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/130/mode/1up","Psittacus Swindernianus"],["12113","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis swindernianus zenkeri","Reichenow, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Gabon, southern Central African Republic, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9423361",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroon.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/128/mode/1up","Agapornis zenkeri"],["12114","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis swindernianus emini","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBD6EEC8",null,null,"Ituri Forest.","Description of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/68/mode/1up","Agapornis swinderianus emini"],["12115","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis taranta","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lii","Black-winged Lovebird","Black-winged Lovebird","Black-winged Lovebird",null,null,"highland forest of Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685334","blwlov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwlov1","avibase-39DAF131",null,null,"Pass of Taranta [inland from Massawa], Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/652/mode/1up","Psittacus taranta"],["12116","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis pullarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102","Red-headed Lovebird","Red-headed Lovebird","Red-headed Lovebird",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill wooded savanna, riparian forest, and riverine bush, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to South Sudan and western Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Angola and northwestern Tanzania; introduced to São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685330","rehlov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehlov1","avibase-1E2EC99C",null,null,"Asia, Ethiopia, error, Gold Coast substituted as type locality by Neumann, antea, p. 387.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus pullarius"],["12117","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis pullarius pullarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Guinea, Sudan, Angola, and Democratic Republic of the Congo; São Tomé",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66E2B7D4",null,null,"Asia, Ethiopia, error, Gold Coast substituted as type locality by Neumann, antea, p. 387.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/120/mode/1up","Psittacus pullarius"],["12118","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis pullarius ugandae","Neumann, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.2 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Uganda, far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B237587",null,null,"Entebbe, Uganda.","Notes on African birds in the Tring Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/408/mode/1up","Agapornis pullaria ugandae"],["12119","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis roseicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.377","Rosy-faced Lovebird","Rosy-faced Lovebird","Rosy-faced Lovebird",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid woodland, rocky scrub, and tree-lined watercourses, from southwestern Angola southward through central Namibia to northwestern South Africa; some post-breeding wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685342","peflov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peflov","avibase-31C03CB8",null,null,"Interior of the Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/395/mode/1up","Psittacus roseicollis"],["12120","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis roseicollis catumbella","Hall, 1952","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 72 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"subdesert of southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5532E395",null,null,"Catumbella, Benguella, Angola","A new race of Agapornis from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125675#page/51/mode/1up","Agapornis roseicollis catumbella"],["12121","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis roseicollis roseicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"subdesert of Namibia to northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-499070A2",null,null,"Interior of the Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/395/mode/1up","Psittacus roseicollis"],["12122","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis personatus","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.40,55","Yellow-collared Lovebird","Yellow-collared Lovebird","Yellow-collared Lovebird",null,null,"Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685352","yeclov","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeclov","avibase-4396F4F1",null,null,"Serian, Tanganyika Territory.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/52/mode/1up","Agapornis personata"],["12123","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis fischeri","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.54","Fischer's Lovebird","Fischer's Lovebird","Fischer's Lovebird",null,null,"northern Tanzania (south and east of Lake Victoria); feral populations in coastal Kenya and Tanzania (sometimes hybridizing with Yellow-collared Lovebird Agapornis personatus) and in southern France",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685346","fislov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fislov1","avibase-E1EE00F7",null,null,"Ussure, Tanganyika Territory.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/66/mode/1up","Agapornis Fischeri"],["12124","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis lilianae","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.466 pl.12","Lilian's Lovebird","Lilian's Lovebird","Nyasa Lovebird",null,null,"southern Tanzania to Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685356","lillov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lillov1","avibase-3EBFC893",null,null,"Liwondis, Upper Shire, Nyasaland.","Third List of the Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/498/mode/1up","Agapornis lilianae"],["12125","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Agapornis nigrigenis","Sclater, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.61","Black-cheeked Lovebird","Black-cheeked Lovebird","Black-cheeked Lovebird",null,null,"southern Zambia and far northern Zimbabwe",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685360","blclov1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blclov1","avibase-DAB4D2A2",null,null,"Muguzzi River, Northern Rhodesia.","On a new species of Love-bird, Agapornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/87/mode/1up","Agapornis nigrigenis"],["12126","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus galgulus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 88).",null,"Conspectus of the Ornithology of India","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124004#page/260/mode/1up","Loriculus"],["12127","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus tener","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.107","Bismarck Hanging Parrot","Bismarck Hanging-Parrot","Bismarck Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685410","gfhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gfhpar1","avibase-CE21EA2E",null,null,"Duke of York Island.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/163/mode/1up","Loriculus tener"],["12128","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus aurantiifrons","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.9","Orange-fronted Hanging Parrot","Papuan Hanging-Parrot","Orange-fronted Hanging-parrot",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685405","paphap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paphap1","avibase-3506CDB5",null,null,"Misol.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/21/mode/1up","Loriculus aurantiifrons"],["12129","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus aurantiifrons aurantiifrons","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35600500",null,null,"Misol.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/21/mode/1up","Loriculus aurantiifrons"],["12130","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus aurantiifrons meeki","Hartert, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Waigeo (western Papuan islands), Karkar Island, and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB662272",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","Some new and other rare birds from Fergusson Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/86/mode/1up","Loriculus aurantiifrons meeki"],["12131","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus catamene","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.7","Sangihe Hanging Parrot","Sangihe Hanging-Parrot","Sangihe Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Sangihe Islands (north of Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685399","sahpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sahpar2","avibase-390975E0",null,null,"Great Sangir Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/19/mode/1up","Loriculus catamene"],["12132","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus sclateri","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.336 pl.38","Sula Hanging Parrot","Sula Hanging-Parrot","Sula Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732108","sulhap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulhap1","avibase-B2D21F1D",null,null,"Sula Islands.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/390/mode/1up","Loriculus sclateri"],["12133","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus sclateri ruber","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.2 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng and Pulau Bangkalan Kecil (to north (Banggai Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A38AA32",null,null,"Peling and Banggai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/43/mode/1up","Loriculus sclateri ruber"],["12134","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus sclateri sclateri","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.336 pl.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Taliabu and Sanana (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8006E72",null,null,"Sula Islands.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/390/mode/1up","Loriculus sclateri"],["12135","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus amabilis","Wallace, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.349","Moluccan Hanging Parrot","Moluccan Hanging-Parrot","Moluccan Hanging-parrot",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera and Bacan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732102","mohpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mohpar1","avibase-B03FE87A",null,null,"Halmahera.","On some new Birds from the Northern Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/395/mode/1up","Loriculus amabilis"],["12136","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus stigmatus","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.182","Great Hanging Parrot","Sulawesi Hanging-Parrot","Sulawesi Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Sulawesi and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685389","suhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suhpar1","avibase-DF801E78",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/198/mode/1up","Psittacus (Psittacula) stigmatus"],["12137","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus stigmatus stigmatus","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-350943F0",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/198/mode/1up","Psittacus (Psittacula) stigmatus"],["12138","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus stigmatus croconotus","Jany, 1955","Journal für Ornithologie 96, no.2 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Buton and Muna (off southeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF5E1961",null,null,"Muna Island, off Celebes","Loriculus stigmatus croconotus subsp. nova.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01975023","Loriculus stigmatus croconotus"],["12139","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus stigmatus quadricolor","Walden, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.53 p.398.",null,null,null,null,null,"Togian Islands (off north-central Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85F90B9A",null,null,"Togian Islands",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/412/mode/1up","Loriculus quadricolor"],["12140","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus bonapartei","de Souancé, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.222","Black-billed Hanging Parrot","Black-billed Hanging-Parrot",null,"2025-0669","Taxa <em>camiguinensis </em>and <em>bonapartei </em>are treated as monotypic species separate from <em>Loriculus philippensis</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Phenotypically, these are the most distinctive taxa in the <em>philippensis</em> complex (Arndt 2006; Tello et al. 2006; Allen 2020), differing in size and lack of sexual dimorphism (<em>camiguinensis</em>), and bare parts color (<em>bonapartei</em>). A comprehensive genetic and morphological review of the entire <em>philippensis </em>complex is needed, in which additional splits may be warranted.","Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, and Tawitawi)",null,null,null,"phihap11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phihap11","avibase-476E91FD",null,null,"Sulu Archipelago.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56 et 152.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/228/mode/1up","Loriculus Bonapartei"],["12141","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus camiguinensis","Tello, Degner, Bates & Willard, 2006","Fieldiana Zoology 106 p.51","Camiguin Hanging Parrot","Camiguin Hanging-Parrot",null,"2025-0669","Taxa <em>camiguinensis </em>and <em>bonapartei </em>are treated as monotypic species separate from <em>Loriculus philippensis</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Phenotypically, these are the most distinctive taxa in the <em>philippensis</em> complex (Arndt 2006; Tello et al. 2006; Allen 2020), differing in size and lack of sexual dimorphism (<em>camiguinensis</em>), and bare parts color (<em>bonapartei</em>). A comprehensive genetic and morphological review of the entire <em>philippensis </em>complex is needed, in which additional splits may be warranted.","Camiguin (Philippines)",null,null,null,"camhap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camhap1","avibase-6D801C47",null,null,"Kasangsangan, Municipality of Catarman, Camiguin Province, Camiguin Island, Philippines, elevation between 1000 and 2000 ft (300-600 m; approx. 9°11'N, 124°40'E","A new species of hanging-parrot (Aves: Psittacidae: Loriculus) from Camiguin Island, Philippines","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21513#page/59/mode/1up","Loriculus camiguinensis"],["12142","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.80","Philippine Hanging Parrot","Philippine Hanging-Parrot",null,"2025-0669","Taxa <em>camiguinensis </em>and <em>bonapartei </em>are treated as monotypic species separate from <em>Loriculus philippensis</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Phenotypically, these are the most distinctive taxa in the <em>philippensis</em> complex (Arndt 2006; Tello et al. 2006; Allen 2020), differing in size and lack of sexual dimorphism (<em>camiguinensis</em>), and bare parts color (<em>bonapartei</em>). A comprehensive genetic and morphological review of the entire <em>philippensis </em>complex is needed, in which additional splits may be warranted.","Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,null,null,"phihap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phihap1","avibase-DDFD5D91",null,null,"Philippines, i.e. Luzon, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/100/mode/1up","Psittacus philippensis"],["12143","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis philippensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Banton, Catanduanes, Luzon, Polillo, and Marinduque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80B74A37",null,null,"Philippines, i.e. Luzon, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/100/mode/1up","Psittacus philippensis"],["12144","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis mindorensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindoro (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6618E618",null,null,"Mindoro, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/10/mode/1up","Loriculus Mindorensis"],["12145","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis bournsi","McGregor, 1905","Bureau of Government Laboratories 25 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Sibuyan (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB7465C5",null,null,"Sibuyan, Philippines.","I. Birds from the islands of Romblon, Sibuyan and Crista de Gallo II. Further notes on birds from Ticao, Cuyo, Culion, Calayan, Lubang and Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120001#page/24/mode/1up","Loriculus bournsi"],["12146","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis regulus","de Souancé, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Guimaras, Masbate, Negros, Panay, Tablas, Ticao, and Romblon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF7D76DC",null,null,"No locality = Negros, Philippines.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56 et 152.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/228/mode/1up","Loriculus regulus"],["12147","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis chrysonotus","Sclater, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.7 p.324 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Cebu (Philippines); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-68A06B33",null,null,"Cebu, Philippines.","On a New Parakeet of the Genus Loriculus from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/364/mode/1up","Loriculus chrysonotus"],["12148","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis worcesteri","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, and Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CCDE972",null,null,"Samar and Leyte, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/10/mode/1up","Loriculus Worcesteri"],["12149","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis siquijorensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Siquijor (Philippines); probably extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F75ACC1",null,null,"Siquijor, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/10/mode/1up","Loriculus Siquijorensis"],["12150","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis apicalis","de Souancé, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Basol, and Dinagat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-366B3AEF",null,null,"Mindanao, Philippines.","Catalogue des perroquets de la collection du prince Masséna d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés (Voir 1856, p. 56 et 152.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/226/mode/1up","Loriculus apicalis"],["12151","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus philippensis dohertyi","Hartert, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.757",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-711491D7",null,null,"Basilan, Philippines.","Notes on birds from the Philippine Islands. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/771/mode/1up","Loriculus philippensis dohertyi"],["12152","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus pusillus","Gray, 1859","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.54","Yellow-throated Hanging Parrot","Yellow-throated Hanging-Parrot","Yellow-throated Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Java and Bali",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685422","ythpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ythpar1","avibase-429AFB0E",null,null,"Java?",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/94/mode/1up","Loriculus pusillus"],["12153","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus galgulus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.103","Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot","Blue-crowned Hanging-Parrot","Blue-crowned Hanging-parrot",null,null,"southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685384","bchpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bchpar1","avibase-34FA84EF",null,null,"India, i.e. Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/121/mode/1up","Psittacus Galgulus"],["12154","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus vernalis","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xxix,pl.FALSE","Vernal Hanging Parrot","Vernal Hanging-Parrot","Vernal Hanging-parrot",null,null,"moist to deciduous forest and woodland, bamboo thickets, beach-strand woodland, orchards, and abandoned crops from south-central Nepal eastward through northeastern India and far southwestern China, southward to southern Myanmar and Vietnam, and disjunctly the Western Ghats of Peninsular India from Maharastra southward, and in the northern Eastern Ghats from Odisha to Andhra Pradesh, and in Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685366","vehpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vehpar1","avibase-A5FA764B",null,null,"No locality, = Cachar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/27/mode/1up","Psittacus vernalis"],["12155","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus vernalis vernalis","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xxix,pl.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and northeastern India and eastern Nepal eastward to far southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan) and Indochina; Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D03AC44B",null,null,"No locality, = Cachar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/27/mode/1up","Psittacus vernalis"],["12156","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus vernalis phileticus","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and northern peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07CD7667",null,null,"10 km east of Sakaraha, Madagascar","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/431/mode/1up","Loriculus vernalis phileticus"],["12157","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus beryllinus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40","Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot","Sri Lanka Hanging-Parrot","Sri Lanka Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685371","cehpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cehpar1","avibase-424E35B4",null,null,"Ceylon (Based on Edwards pl. 390)","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.459,%22panY%22:0.992,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.003}","Psittacus beryllinus"],["12158","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus flosculus","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.488","Wallace's Hanging Parrot","Wallace's Hanging-Parrot","Flores Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685428","wahpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wahpar2","avibase-BB7D6891",null,null,"Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/588/mode/1up","Loriculus flosculus"],["12159","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Loriculus exilis","Schlegel, 1866","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.185","Pygmy Hanging Parrot","Pygmy Hanging-Parrot","Pygmy Hanging-parrot",null,null,"Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685416","pyghap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pyghap1","avibase-4E06EF1A",null,null,"No locality = Tulabulo, Celebes ex Mus. Pays-Bas, 3, Psittaci, Revue, p. 60.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/199/mode/1up","Loriculus exilis"],["12160","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus","Mathews, 1916","The birds of Australia 6 p.65.",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini, based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation. WGAN072)) Suavipsitta Mathews, 1917 was an obsolete replacement name for a prior name, <em>Nannopsittacus</em> Mathews, 1916. Contra Mathews’ (1917) argument, <em>Nannopsittacus</em> is not a junior homonym of <em>Nannopsittaca</em> Ridgway, 1912 because of the Code’s one-letter rule (ICZN Article 57.6).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cyclopsitta suavissima [Sclater]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224562#page/101/mode/1up","Nannopsittacus"],["12161","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus melanogenia","(Rosenberg, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.330","Dusky-cheeked Fig Parrot","Dusky-cheeked Fig-Parrot","Dusky-cheeked Fig-parrot","2025-0667, 2025-N078","2025-0667))<em> Nannopsittacus </em>(formerly <em>Cyclopsitta</em>) <em>gulielmitertii </em>is split into three species based on differences in plumage and size following Schnitker (2007): <em>N. gulielmitertii</em> (monotypic); <em>N. nigrifrons</em> (polytypic, including <em>amabilis</em>); and <em>N. melanogenius</em> (polytypic, including <em>fuscifrons </em>and <em>suavissimus</em>); genetic data would be informative. 2025-N078)) The original name, melanogenia, can variably be interpreted as a Latinized adjective or a noun in apposition. In such cases, ICZN Article 31.2.2 stipulates noun usage, making the name melanogenia inalienable.","southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725367","orbfip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbfip1","avibase-E6439BAF",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48369#page/672/mode/1up","Psittacula melanogenia"],["12162","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus melanogenia melanogenia","(Rosenberg, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36272C4E",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48369#page/672/mode/1up","Psittacula melanogenia"],["12163","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus melanogenia suavissimus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DFA7CCF",null,null,"Naiabui, New Guinea, Sept. 1875",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/18/mode/1up","Cyclopsitta suavissimus"],["12164","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus melanogenia fuscifrons","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B727E48",null,null,"Fly River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/20/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus fuscifrons"],["12165","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus gulielmitertii","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.252","Blue-fronted Fig Parrot","Blue-fronted Fig-Parrot","Blue-fronted Fig-parrot","2025-0667","<em>Nannopsittacus </em>(formerly <em>Cyclopsitta</em>) <em>gulielmitertii </em>is split into three species based on differences in plumage and size following Schnitker (2007): <em>N. gulielmitertii</em> (monotypic); <em>N. nigrifrons</em> (polytypic, including <em>amabilis</em>); and <em>N. melanogenius</em> (polytypic, including <em>fuscifrons </em>and <em>suavissimus</em>); genetic data would be informative.","western New Guinea (western Bird's Head Peninsula), including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725355","orbfip2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbfip2","avibase-1422A495",null,null,"Salawati and New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/266/mode/1up","Psittacula gulielmi III"],["12166","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus nigrifrons","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.217","Black-fronted Fig Parrot","Black-fronted Fig-Parrot",null,"2025-0667","<em>Nannopsittacus </em>(formerly <em>Cyclopsitta</em>) <em>gulielmitertii </em>is split into three species based on differences in plumage and size following Schnitker (2007): <em>N. gulielmitertii</em> (monotypic); <em>N. nigrifrons</em> (polytypic, including <em>amabilis</em>); and <em>N. melanogenius</em> (polytypic, including <em>fuscifrons </em>and <em>suavissimus</em>); genetic data would be informative.","northern New Guinea",null,null,null,"crbfip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbfip1","avibase-87106A2C",null,null,"Augusta River, New Guinea.","Bericht über die März-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/229/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus nigrifrons"],["12167","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus nigrifrons nigrifrons","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18362A30",null,null,"Augusta River, New Guinea.","Bericht über die März-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/229/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus nigrifrons"],["12168","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Nannopsittacus nigrifrons amabilis","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.196 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EB266E3",null,null,"Saparako, Huon Gulf.","Bericht über die September-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/444/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus amabilis"],["12169","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxxii",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacula diophthalma [Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841]; type by subsequent monotypy (Pucheran, 1853, in Hombron & Jacquinot, Voyage au Pôle Sud, Zool., 3, p. 107).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/189/mode/1up","Cyclopsitta"],["12170","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.318","Double-eyed Fig Parrot","Double-eyed Fig-Parrot",null,"2025-0668","Taxon <em>coxeni </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyclopsitta diophthalma</em> based on available evidence. Although morphologically the most distinctive taxon in the group, mitochondrial DNA data (Mitchell et al. 2021) show it to be embedded within<em> C. diophthalma</em>. A comprehensive genomic and phenotypic review is needed to determine species limits in this complex, in which one or more splits may be warranted.","New Guinea and satellite islands and northeastern Australia",null,null,null,"defpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/defpar1","avibase-0BB10D68",null,null,"Southern coast of New Guinea = Triton Bay.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/326/mode/1up","Psittacula diophthalma"],["12171","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma diophthalma","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"western Papuan islands and New Guinea (except south-central)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7C2A992",null,null,"Southern coast of New Guinea = Triton Bay.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/326/mode/1up","Psittacula diophthalma"],["12172","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma aruensis","(Schlegel, 1874)","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.11 RevuePsittaci no.38 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16E1F736",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51509#page/209/mode/1up","Psittacula diophthalma aruensis"],["12173","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma virago","(Hartert, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough and Fergusson, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CF717E4",null,null,"Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands.","Some new and other rare birds from Fergusson Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/85/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus virago"],["12174","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma inseparabilis","(Hartert, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F32AF53",null,null,"Sudest Island, Louisiade Archipelago",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/529/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus inseparabilis"],["12175","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma marshalli","(Iredale, 1946)","The Emu 46 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98BD5250",null,null,"Great Divide Range behind Lockhart River, Cape York peninsula, north Queensland","A new Australian Parrot.",null,"Opopsitta marshalli"],["12176","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma macleayana","Ramsay, 1874","The Sydney Morning Herald p.?",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E091AEC6",null,null,"Scrubs on the coast range, near Cardwell, Rockingham Bay, Queensland.",null,"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/30942596?searchTerm=%22Cyclopsitta%20macleayana%22&searchLimits=notWords","Cyclopsitta Macleayana"],["12177","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni","Gould, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales); no undisputed recent records",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEA1A959",null,null,"scrub on the east coast,' i.e. near Brisbane, Queensland.","On a New Australian Parakeet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/204/mode/1up","Cyclopsitta coxeni"],["12178","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta desmarestii","(Desmarest, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.89","Large Fig Parrot","Large Fig-Parrot",null,"2025-0666","Monotypic taxa <em>godmani </em>and <em>cervicalis </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Cyclopsitta desmarestii</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split into three species based on plumage traits, some of these exhibit a mosaic pattern occurring in populations at both ends of the geographic distribution; further research needed.","New Guinea and northwestern satellite islands",null,null,null,"lafpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lafpar1","avibase-11AAE644",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81573#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus Desmarestii"],["12179","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta desmarestii blythii","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24FD1304",null,null,"Misol.","On the Parrots of the Malayan Region, with Remarks on their Habits, Distribution, and Affinities, and the Description of Two New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/352/mode/1up","Cyclopsitta blythii"],["12180","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta desmarestii occidentalis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.911",null,null,null,null,null,"Salawati and Batanta Islands, western Vogelkop Peninsula, and Onin Peninsula (northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-076E72CA",null,null,"Salawati, Batanta and western part of the Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/917/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus occidentalis"],["12181","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta desmarestii desmarestii","(Desmarest, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (eastern regions of Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F93D8AF",null,null,"Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81573#page/95/mode/1up","Psittacus Desmarestii"],["12182","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta desmarestii godmani","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"southern lowlands of western and central New Guinea (Mimika River to Fly River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-848F15E7",null,null,"Upper Mimika River, New Guinea.","Exhibition of a new species of Parrot from the Upper Mimika River.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/95/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus godmani"],["12183","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta desmarestii cervicalis","(Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.811,911",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Fly River to far eastern Papua New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAA66E9A",null,null,"Mount Epa, Yule Island, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/817/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus cervicalis"],["12184","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta salvadorii","(Oustalet, 1880)","Bulletin Hebdomadaire de l'Association Scientifique de France (2), 1 p.172","Salvadori's Fig Parrot","Salvadori's Fig-Parrot","Salvadori's Fig-parrot",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay to Cyclops Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684908","safpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/safpar1","avibase-66AC2F18",null,null,"North coast of New Guinea between lat. 136° 30' and 137° E.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Guinée.",null,"Cyclopsittacus Salvadorii"],["12185","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Cyclopsitta edwardsii","(Oustalet, 1885)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.19, no.3 p.1","Edwards's Fig Parrot","Edwards's Fig-Parrot","Edwards's Fig-parrot",null,null,"lowlands of northeastern New Guinea (Humboldt Bay to Huon Gulf)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684903","edfpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/edfpar1","avibase-1E6D7133",null,null,"Kafu, New Guinea.","Note sur un perroquet et sur un pigeon Goura de la côte septentrionale de la Nouvelle-Guinée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112110#page/256/mode/1up","Cyclopsittacus Edwardsii"],["12186","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Melopsittacus","Gould, 1840","The birds of Australia 5 (pt.1) pl.44, with text",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus undulatus [Shaw, 1805]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188478#page/185/mode/1up","Melopsittacus"],["12187","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Melopsittacus undulatus","(Shaw, 1805)","The naturalist's miscellany 16, no.10 pl.673","Budgerigar","Budgerigar","Budgerigar",null,null,"Australia, except southeastern coast and Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22685223","budger","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/budger","avibase-D17D101A",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125377#page/215/mode/1up","Psittacus undulatus"],["12188","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Oreopsittacus","Salvadori, 1877","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.10 p.37",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trichoglossus arfaki [Meyer, AB, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94425#page/45/mode/1up","Oreopsittacus"],["12189","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Oreopsittacus arfaki","(Meyer, 1874)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 24 p.37","Plum-faced Lorikeet","Plum-faced Lorikeet","Plum-faced Lorikeet",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684714","plflor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plflor1","avibase-67482255",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, 3500 feet. New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95525#page/137/mode/1up","Trichoglossus (Charmosyna) Arfaki"],["12190","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Oreopsittacus arfaki arfaki","(Meyer, 1874)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 24 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D82167D7",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, 3500 feet. New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95525#page/137/mode/1up","Trichoglossus (Charmosyna) Arfaki"],["12191","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Oreopsittacus arfaki major","Ogilvie-Grant, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Snow Mountains (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7486D4BB",null,null,"Utakwa River, 8000 feet, New Guinea.","Description of three new subspecies of Parrots from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/41/mode/1up","Oreopsittacus arfaki major"],["12192","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Oreopsittacus arfaki grandis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"central mountains of Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84B824EF",null,null,"Owen Stanley Mountains, New Guinea.","[Exhibition of two apparently undescribed birds from the Owen Stanley Mountains, in S.E. New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/309/mode/1up","Oreopsittacus grandis"],["12193","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charminetta","Iredale, 1956","Birds of New Guinea 1. p.160",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trichoglossus Wilhelminae [Meyer, AB, 1874]",null,null,null,"Charminetta"],["12194","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charminetta wilhelminae","(Meyer, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.55,56","Pygmy Lorikeet","Pygmy Lorikeet","Pygmy Lorikeet",null,null,"mountains of New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Owen Stanley Range)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684680","pyglor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pyglor1","avibase-A2558EE9",null,null,"West coast of Geelvink Bay.","Ueber Drepanornis Albertisi Scl., Trichoglossus Josefinae Finsch und Trichoglossus Wilhelminae nov. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/67/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Wilhelminae"],["12195","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna","Salvadori, 1891","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.72",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus placentis [Temminck, 1835]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/94/mode/1up","Hypocharmosyna"],["12196","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna rubronotata","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.165","Red-fronted Lorikeet","Red-fronted Lorikeet","Red-fronted Lorikeet",null,null,"northern and western New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684683","reflor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reflor2","avibase-C1862CB6",null,null,"Salawati and the northwestern extremity of New Guinea.","On some New and Rare Birds from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/207/mode/1up","Coriphilus rubronotatus"],["12197","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna rubronotata kordoana","(Meyer, 1874)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 24 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD92859C",null,null,"Kordo, Misori.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95525#page/138/mode/1up","Trichoglossus (Charmosyna) kordoanus"],["12198","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna rubronotata rubronotata","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Adelbert Mountains), including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ED14249",null,null,"Salawati and the northwestern extremity of New Guinea.","On some New and Rare Birds from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/207/mode/1up","Coriphilus rubronotatus"],["12199","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna placentis","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.93, vol.4 pl.553","Red-flanked Lorikeet","Red-flanked Lorikeet","Red-flanked Lorikeet",null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea and western satellite islands, and Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684686","reflor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reflor1","avibase-2EF7F430",null,null,"Utanata River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/51/mode/1up","Psittacus placentis"],["12200","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna placentis intensior","Kinnear, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas and Gebe Island (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-673B29E0",null,null,"Batjan.","Description and remarks on a new subspecies of Lory from Batchian.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/124/mode/1up","Hypocharmosyna placentis intensior"],["12201","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna placentis ornata","(Mayr, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1091 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F8BB5BF",null,null,"Misol (Misool) Island, New Guinea","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 43, Notes on New Guinea birds. 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3778/","Charmosyna placentis ornata"],["12202","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna placentis placentis","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.93, vol.4 pl.553",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas, and southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-241D0EDF",null,null,"Utanata River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/51/mode/1up","Psittacus placentis"],["12203","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna placentis pallidior","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, and Bougainville and Fead Island (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EF2CFCB",null,null,"Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands.","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/267/mode/1up","Charmosynopsis placentis pallidior"],["12204","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Hypocharmosyna placentis subplacens","(Sclater, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.519",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4445E57",null,null,"Mountains of Naiabui, New Guinea.","[On a small collection of bird-skins collected at Yule Island and on the adjoining coast of New Guinea, and characters of two apparently new species of Parrots].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/647/mode/1up","Trichoglossus subplacens"],["12205","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosynopsis","Salvadori, 1877","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.10 p.37",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Charmosyna pulchella [Gray, GR, 1859]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94425#page/45/mode/1up","Charmosynopsis"],["12206","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosynopsis toxopei","(Siebers, 1930)","Treubia 7, suppl. p.252, pl.4","Blue-fronted Lorikeet","Blue-fronted Lorikeet","Blue-fronted Lorikeet",null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684671","blflor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blflor1","avibase-E91F6DB6",null,null,"Buru.","Fauna Buruana, Aves.",null,"Hypocharmosyna toxopei"],["12207","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosynopsis pulchella","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.102","Fairy Lorikeet","Fairy Lorikeet","Fairy Lorikeet",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684701","failor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/failor1","avibase-EDF606A6",null,null,"Havre-Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/142/mode/1up","Charmosyna pulchella"],["12208","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosynopsis pulchella pulchella","(Gray, 1859)","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3304A1F2",null,null,"Havre-Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/142/mode/1up","Charmosyna pulchella"],["12209","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosynopsis pulchella rothschildi","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyclops Mountains and montane slopes above Idenburg River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CFC7EE3",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/125/mode/1up","Charmosynopsis pulchella rothschildi"],["12210","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna","Wagler, 1832","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 p.493",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus papuensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Psittacus papou Scopoli, 1786",null,null,null,"Charmosyna"],["12211","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna multistriata","(Rothschild, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.45","Striated Lorikeet","Striated Lorikeet","Striated Lorikeet",null,null,"mountains of western New Guinea (Snow Mountains to Chimbu Province)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684675","strlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strlor1","avibase-78D292A8",null,null,"Upper Setekwa River, New Guinea.","Exhibition and description of two new Parrots from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/73/mode/1up","Charmosynopsis multistriata"],["12212","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna josefinae","(Finsch, 1873)","Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale in Milano 15 p.427 pl.7","Josephine's Lorikeet","Josephine's Lorikeet","Josephine's Lorikeet",null,null,"montane New Guinea (except southeastern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684704","joslor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/joslor1","avibase-E5026CCA",null,null,"No locality = Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123066#page/469/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Josefinae"],["12213","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna josefinae josefinae","(Finsch, 1873)","Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale in Milano 15 p.427 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Snow Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E712D116",null,null,"No locality = Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123066#page/469/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Josefinae"],["12214","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna josefinae cyclopum","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyclops Mountains (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEC85C78",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/124/mode/1up","Charmosyna josephinae cyclopum"],["12215","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna josefinae sepikiana","Neumann, 1922","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 15 Heft2 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Sepik River and western highlands to Mount Bosavi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ED724B4",null,null,"Hunsteinspitze, New Guinea.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen und polynesischen Inselreich.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101651#page/255/mode/1up","Charmosyne josephinae sepikiana"],["12216","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna papou","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.86","West Papuan Lorikeet","West Papuan Lorikeet","Papuan Lorikeet","2025-0660","Taxon <em>stellae </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Charmosyna papou </em>based on differences in plumage (Voisin &amp; Voisin 1997; Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016), supported by deep genomic DNA divergence and possible paraphyly (Smith et al. 2023).","western New Guinea (montane forest of Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725340","paplor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paplor1","avibase-D8E36335",null,null,"No locality, ex Sonnerat = Arfak, fixed as type locality by Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 104.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Psittacus Papou"],["12217","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna stellae","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.9 pl.2","Stella's Lorikeet","Stella's Lorikeet","Stella's Lorikeet","2025-0660","Taxon <em>stellae </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Charmosyna papou </em>based on differences in plumage (Voisin &amp; Voisin 1997; Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016), supported by deep genomic DNA divergence and possible paraphyly (Smith et al. 2023).","montane west-central to northeastern (Adelbert Range and Huon Peninsula) and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725349","paplor3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paplor3","avibase-7013D232",null,null,"Southern foothills of the Owen Stanley Range, 7000-8000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/17/mode/1up","Charmosyna Stellae"],["12218","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna stellae goliathina","Rothschild & Hartert, 1911","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Weyland Mountains to eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F860928",null,null,"Mount Goliath, New Guinea.","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from Central New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/180/mode/1up","Charmosyna stellae goliathina"],["12219","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna stellae wahnesi","Rothschild, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Huon Peninsula (northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D81E3FD",null,null,"Sattelberg, New Guinea.","Exhibition of an example of a new Parrot from German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/451/mode/1up","Charmosyna stellae wahnesi"],["12220","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Charmosyna stellae stellae","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.9 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Herzog Mountains to Owen Stanley Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84C566FC",null,null,"Southern foothills of the Owen Stanley Range, 7000-8000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/17/mode/1up","Charmosyna Stellae"],["12221","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini","Lesson, 1833","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.10 text to pl.28",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Vini coccinea [Lesson]; type by monotypy = Psittacula kuhlii Vigors, 1824",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/151/mode/1up","Vini"],["12222","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini margarethae","(Tristram, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.442 pl.12","Duchess Lorikeet","Duchess Lorikeet","Duchess Lorikeet",null,null,"montane forest of Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684697","duclor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duclor1","avibase-7B5F311D",null,null,"Makira Harbor, San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/492/mode/1up","Charmosyna margarethae"],["12223","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini rubrigularis","(Sclater, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.2 p.451","Red-chinned Lorikeet","Red-chinned Lorikeet","Red-chinned Lorikeet",null,null,"New Ireland, New Britain, and Karkar Island (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684665","reclor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reclor1","avibase-431B9646",null,null,"New Britain.","Characters of two new birds obtained in New Britain by Mr. Kleinschmidt, collector of the Museum Godeffroy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/557/mode/1up","Trichoglossus rubrigularis"],["12224","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini diadema","(Verreaux & des Murs, 1860)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12 p.390","New Caledonian Lorikeet","New Caledonian Lorikeet","New Caledonian Lorikeet",null,null,"formerly New Caledonia; probably extinct, last reported 1860","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684689","neclor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neclor1","avibase-DDC46661",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/394/mode/1up","Psitteuteles diadema"],["12225","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini meeki","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1901)","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.187","Meek's Lorikeet","Meek's Lorikeet","Meek's Lorikeet",null,null,"Bougainville, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Santa Isabel, Guadalcanal, and Malaita (northern and central Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684668","meelor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meelor1","avibase-DF94576F",null,null,"Kulambangra [=Kolombangara], Solomon Islands.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/217/mode/1up","Hypocharmosyna meeki"],["12226","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini palmarum","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.329","Palm Lorikeet","Palm Lorikeet","Palm Lorikeet",null,null,"lowland and montane forest of Temotu, including Duff and Tikopia (southeastern Solomon Islands), and Vanuatu, including Banks islands (northern Vanuatu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684661","pallor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pallor1","avibase-5DDF8ABA",null,null,"Tanna Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/341/mode/1up","Psittacus palmarum"],["12227","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini amabilis","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.30","Red-throated Lorikeet","Red-throated Lorikeet","Red-throated Lorikeet",null,null,"Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Ovalau and Taveuni); critically endangered","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684693","retlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retlor1","avibase-586A8C9B",null,null,"Ovalau, Fiji group","[Description of a new species of Trichoglossus].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/70/mode/1up","Trichoglossus (Glossopsitta) amabilis"],["12228","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini australis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.329","Blue-crowned Lorikeet","Blue-crowned Lorikeet","Blue-crowned Lorikeet",null,null,"Wallis and Futuna Islands, southeastern Fiji (southern Lau Archipelago), Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, and Niue (western Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684627","blclor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blclor2","avibase-8FDE1AA2",null,null,"Sandwich Islands, error = Samoa Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/341/mode/1up","Psittacus australis"],["12229","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini solitaria","(Suckow, 1800)","Anfangsgründe der theoretischen und angewandten Naturgeschichte der Thiere 2 pt1 p.334","Collared Lory","Collared Lory","Collared Lory",null,null,"coastal lowland forest of Fiji",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684624","collor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/collor1","avibase-5F807D3C",null,null,"Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127595#page/342/mode/1up","Psittacus solitarius"],["12230","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini ultramarina","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.49","Ultramarine Lorikeet","Ultramarine Lorikeet","Ultramarine Lorikeet",null,null,"formerly widespread in Marquesas Islands (eastern French Polynesia); now probably only on Ua Huka, where reintroduced in 1940s; also reintroduced in 1990s to Fatu Hiva, probably unsuccessfully, and on formerly inhabited islands Ua Pou and Nuku Hiva, occasional recent reports may refer to vagrants",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684647","ultlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ultlor1","avibase-7DEEF7AF",null,null,"New Holland?, error = Marquesas Islands.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/117/mode/1up","Psittacus ultramarinus"],["12231","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini stepheni","(North, 1908)","Records of the Australian Museum 7 p.29","Stephen's Lorikeet","Stephen's Lorikeet","Henderson Lorikeet",null,null,"Henderson Island (Pitcairn Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684636","stelor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stelor1","avibase-2438DF74",null,null,"Henderson Island.","On three apparently undescribed Birds from Henderson or Elizabeth Island, Paumotu Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33721#page/45/mode/1up","Calliptilus ? stepheni"],["12232","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini peruviana","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.80","Blue Lorikeet","Blue Lorikeet","Blue Lorikeet",null,null,"atolls of western Leeward Society Islands (Motu One, Manua’e, and possibly Maupihaa), and western Tuamotu Archipelago (Kaukura, Rangiroa, Arutua, Apataki, and Tikehau, in French Polynesia); also Aitutaki (Cook Islands), where probably introduced",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684641","blulor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blulor1","avibase-9EBC0AD1",null,null,"Peru, error = Tahiti, substituted by Wetmore, antea, p. 193.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/100/mode/1up","Psittacus peruvianus"],["12233","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Vini kuhlii","(Vigors, 1824)","The Zoological Journal 1, no.3 p.412 pl.16","Kuhl's Lorikeet","Kuhl's Lorikeet","Rimatara Lorikeet",null,null,"northern Line Islands (Rimitara, Kiritimati, TabUnited Arab Emiratesran, and Teraina)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684630","kuhlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kuhlor1","avibase-4E91A64F",null,null,"Toohooteterooha Island. A day's sail from Otaheite.","LI. Descriptions of some rare, interesting, or hitherto uncharacterizes subjects of Zoology","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/444/mode/1up","Psittacula Kuhlii"],["12234","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neopsittacus","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.761",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nanodes musschenbroekii [Schlegel, 1871]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/767/mode/1up","Neopsittacus"],["12235","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neopsittacus musschenbroekii","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.34","Yellow-billed Lorikeet","Yellow-billed Lorikeet","Yellow-billed Lorikeet",null,null,"mid-montane New Guinea, including Vogelkop and Huon Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684717","yeblor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeblor2","avibase-4B8D4F6C",null,null,"Interior of the northern peninsula of New Guinea = Hatam, Arfak, New Guinea.","Observations zoologiques V.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/46/mode/1up","Nanodes Musschenbroekii"],["12236","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Neopsittacus pullicauda","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.17","Orange-billed Lorikeet","Orange-billed Lorikeet","Orange-billed Lorikeet",null,null,"high montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea, including Huon Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684720","orblor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orblor1","avibase-7A03D2D9",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Victoria district, Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. I. List of three small collections from British New Guinea, mostly brought together in the Owen Stanley Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/35/mode/1up","Neopsittacus pullicauda"],["12237","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.7 p.400",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus domicella [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,"Sketches in ornithology; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/428/mode/1up","Lorius"],["12238","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius domicella","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.100","Purple-naped Lory","Purple-naped Lory","Purple-naped Lory",null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram and Ambon)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684586","punlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punlor1","avibase-F720A7D5",null,null,"Asia = East Indies, ex Edwards, pl. 171 = Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus Domicella"],["12239","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius garrulus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.100","Chattering Lory","Chattering Lory","Chattering Lory",null,null,"northern Moluccas",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684581","chalor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chalor1","avibase-F33A63C5",null,null,"Asia = East Indies, ex Edwards, pl. 172 Hahnahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus garrulus"],["12240","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius garrulus morotaianus","(van Bemmel, 1940)","Treubia 17, no.4 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai and Rau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA466BFD",null,null,"Wajaboela, Morotai","Eine neue Domicella von der Insel Morotai","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i4.2580","Domicella garrula morotaiana"],["12241","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius garrulus garrulus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Widi, and Ternate)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2D104A3",null,null,"Asia = East Indies, ex Edwards, pl. 172 Hahnahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus garrulus"],["12242","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius garrulus flavopalliatus","Salvadori, 1877","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.10 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Kasiruta, Bacan, Obi, and Mandiole)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6F457CD",null,null,"Obi and Batchian [=Batjan], Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94425#page/41/mode/1up","Lorius flavopalliatus"],["12243","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius chlorocercus","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.137","Yellow-bibbed Lory","Yellow-bibbed Lory","Yellow-bibbed Lory",null,null,"eastern Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684621","yeblor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeblor1","avibase-8EFBF8E5",null,null,"San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","[Descriptions of some Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray when attached as the naturalist of H.M. Surveying ship Rattlesnake during the Expedition commanded by Capt. Denham].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/175/mode/1up","Lorius chlorocercus"],["12244","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius albidinucha","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.7","White-naped Lory","White-naped Lory","White-naped Lory",null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684603","whnlor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnlor2","avibase-3106EC1A",null,null,"Hills on southwest coast of New Ireland.","Descriptions of two new species from New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/35/mode/1up","Domicella albidinucha"],["12245","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius hypoinochrous","Gray, 1859","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.49","Purple-bellied Lory","Purple-bellied Lory","Purple-bellied Lory",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and satellite islands, and eastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684597","publor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/publor1","avibase-E8065829",null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago = Sudest Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/89/mode/1up","Lorius hypoinochrous"],["12246","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius hypoinochrous devittatus","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C655A106",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","On the birds collected on Sudest Island in the Louisiade Archipelago by Albert S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/554/mode/1up","Lorius hypoenochrous devittatus"],["12247","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius hypoinochrous hypoinochrous","Gray, 1859","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA49CD71",null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago = Sudest Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/89/mode/1up","Lorius hypoinochrous"],["12248","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius hypoinochrous rosselianus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EB0AB11",null,null,"Mount Rossel, Rossel Island.","A few additional notes on the birds of Rossel Island, Louisiade Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/340/mode/1up","Lorius hypoenochrous rosselianus"],["12249","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.100","Black-capped Lory","Black-capped Lory","Black-capped Lory",null,null,"New Guinea and some satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684594","blclor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blclor1","avibase-451B7837",null,null,"East Indies = northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus Lory"],["12250","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory viridicrissalis","de Beaufort, 1909","Nova Guinea 5 livr.3 p.403",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Humboldt Bay to Mamberamo River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D868537",null,null,"Humboldt Bay, New Guinea.","Birds from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124705#page/607/mode/1up","Lorius cyanauchen viridicrissalis"],["12251","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory erythrothorax","Salvadori, 1877","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.10 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"from western New Guinea (Bomberai Peninsula) eastward throughout southern half of the island (except where replaced by somu), and eastward from Huon Peninsula to southeastern lowlands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF9EDCF2",null,null,"Southeastern New Guinea = Mount Epa, ex ibid., 7, 1875, p. 812.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94425#page/40/mode/1up","Lorius erythrothorax"],["12252","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory somu","(Diamond, 1967)","American Museum Novitates no.2284 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Papua New Guinea (Fly River to Purari River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FC41172",null,null,"Soliabeda, Gulf District, Papua","New subspecies and records of birds from the Karimui Basin, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3080/","Domicella lory somu"],["12253","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory jobiensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.229,231",null,null,null,null,null,"Mios Num and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-814CABE6",null,null,"Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/249/mode/1up","Domicella lori jobiensis"],["12254","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory lory","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea), including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28FE4575",null,null,"East Indies = northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/118/mode/1up","Psittacus Lory"],["12255","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory cyanauchen","(Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt4 p.107,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AE2F936",null,null,"Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/123/mode/1up","Psittacus cyanauchen"],["12256","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Lorius lory salvadorii","Meyer, 1891","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.4 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Aitape area to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE3D25BF",null,null,"Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/188/mode/1up","Lorius salvadorii"],["12257","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psitteuteles","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.157",null,null,null,"2025-0670",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trichoglossus versicolor [Lear, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 88).",null,"Tableau des perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/167/mode/1up","Psitteuteles"],["12258","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psitteuteles versicolor","(Lear, 1831)","Illustrations of the family of Psittacidæ, or parrots (etc.) pt7 pl.36","Varied Lorikeet","Varied Lorikeet","Varied Lorikeet",null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to southwestern Cape York Peninsula, southern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684570","varlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varlor1","avibase-C18EB75E",null,null,"No locality = Cape York, Queensland, apud Mathews infra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125973#page/83/mode/1up","Trichoglossus versicolor"],["12259","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psitteuteles pusillus","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.262, pl.48","Little Lorikeet","Little Lorikeet","Little Lorikeet",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, southern Queensland, southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684655","litlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litlor1","avibase-3AACCDB1",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/380/mode/1up","Psittacus Pusillus"],["12260","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Psitteuteles porphyrocephalus","(Dietrichsen, 1837)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 p.553","Purple-crowned Lorikeet","Purple-crowned Lorikeet","Purple-crowned Lorikeet",null,null,"southern Australia (southwestern Western Australia, southern South Australia including Kangaroo Island, western Victoria, and south-western New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684658","puclor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puclor1","avibase-9689E669",null,null,"New Holland = South Australia apud Mathews.","XXXIV. Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society of London.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13696#page/585/mode/1up","Trichoglossus porphyrocephalus"],["12261","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.3",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psittacus ater [Scopoli, 1786]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 86).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/23/mode/1up","Chalcopsitta"],["12262","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta cardinalis","(Gray, 1849)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 3, pt.48, App. p.20","Cardinal Lory","Cardinal Lory","Cardinal Lory",null,null,"lowlands of Bismarck and Solomon archipelagoes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684499","carlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carlor1","avibase-E8C9F4D3",null,null,"Solomon Islands, based on Voy. Pôle Sud, Atlas, Ois., pl. 24 bis, f . 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148103#page/462/mode/1up","Lorius cardinalis"],["12263","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta fuscata","(Blyth, 1858)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 27, no.3 p.279","Dusky Lory","Dusky Lory","Dusky Lory",null,null,"New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684528","duslor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duslor1","avibase-62A79530",null,null,"No locality = Manokwari [formerly Dorey], New Guinea, designated as type locality by Stresemann and Paludan, antea, p. 238.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for May, 1858.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124445#page/293/mode/1up","Eos fuscata"],["12264","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta duivenbodei","Dubois, 1884","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 3(2) p.113 pl.5","Brown Lory","Brown Lory","Brown Lory",null,null,"northern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684491","brolor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brolor1","avibase-5059CD94",null,null,"New Guinea; Tana Mera substituted by Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 103.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120879#page/131/mode/1up","Chalcopsittacus Duivenbodei"],["12265","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta atra","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.87","Black Lory","Black Lory","Black Lory",null,null,"Raja Ampat Islands (northwest of New Guinea) and Bird's Head Peninsula and Bird's Neck (northwest of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684488","blalor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blalor1","avibase-EE382415",null,null,"New Guinea, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Psittacus ater"],["12266","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta atra bernsteini","Rosenberg, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4DF8EE0",null,null,"Misol.","Ueber einen neuen Casuar und einige andere Vögel von Neu-Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/60/mode/1up","Chalcopsitta Bernsteini"],["12267","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta atra atra","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (western Bird's Head Peninsula), including Batanta and Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A997923",null,null,"New Guinea, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Psittacus ater"],["12268","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta atra insignis","Oustalet, 1878","Bulletin Hebdomadaire de l'Association Scientifique de France 21 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (eastern Bird's Head Peninsula and Onin Peninsula) and Amberpon Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2547BDB",null,null,"Amberpon Island, Geelvink Bay.","Sur quelques oiseaux de la Papouasie.",null,"Chalcopsitta insignis"],["12269","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta scintillata","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.4 pl.569","Yellow-streaked Lory","Yellow-streaked Lory","Yellow-streaked Lory",null,null,"southern New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684494","yeslor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeslor1","avibase-80AE9E79",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/41/mode/1up","Psittacus sintillatus"],["12270","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta scintillata rubrifrons","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.182 pl.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCB5CE26",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/248/mode/1up","Chalcopsitta rubrifrons"],["12271","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta scintillata scintillata","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.4 pl.569",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Triton Bay to lower Fly River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08930E57",null,null,"Lobo Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/41/mode/1up","Psittacus sintillatus"],["12272","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Chalcopsitta scintillata chloroptera","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"upper Fly River to southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54BA09C0",null,null,"Coast of New Guinea near Yule Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/21/mode/1up","Chalcopsittacus chloropterus"],["12273","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Glossoptilus","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.532",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trichoglossus goldiei [Sharpe]; type by monotypy",null,"Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. VI. On some skins collected from April to June on Mount Victoria, Owen Stanley Mountains, mostly at elevations from 5000 to 7000 feet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/580/mode/1up","Glossoptilus"],["12274","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Glossoptilus goldiei","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.317,426","Goldie's Lorikeet","Goldie's Lorikeet","Goldie's Lorikeet",null,null,"mountains of New Guinea (Weyland Mountains to Owen Stanley Range)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684578","gollor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gollor1","avibase-6AABF24D",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/331/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Goldiei"],["12275","genus","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus","Stephens, 1827","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 14, pt.1 p.129",null,null,null,"2025-0670","A 12-genus arrangement is adopted for the Loriini based mostly on Joseph et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2020, 2023). Although a 19-genus treatment of the Loriini has previously been adopted, this revised treatment is considered more informative given the recency of the radiation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psittacus haematodus [Linnaeus, 1771]; type by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2, p. 147).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/75732#page/137/mode/1up","Trichoglossus"],["12276","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus johnstoniae","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.10","Mindanao Lorikeet","Mindanao Lorikeet","Mindanao Lorikeet",null,null,"montane forest of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684559","minlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minlor1","avibase-C164958E",null,null,"Mount Apo, 8000 feet, Mindanao.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/490/mode/1up","Trichoglossus johnstoniae"],["12277","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus iris","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.4 pl.567","Iris Lorikeet","Iris Lorikeet","Iris Lorikeet",null,null,"Wetar and Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684573","irilor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/irilor1","avibase-881E4A12",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/46/mode/1up","Psittacus iris"],["12278","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus iris wetterensis","(Hellmayr, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDDB2D12",null,null,"Wetar Island.","Description of new birds from the Timor group of islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/231/mode/1up","Neopsittacus iris wetterensis"],["12279","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus iris iris","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.4 pl.567",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB9A0009",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/46/mode/1up","Psittacus iris"],["12280","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus ornatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.98","Ornate Lorikeet","Ornate Lorikeet","Ornate Lorikeet",null,null,"Sulawesi and larger satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684531","ornlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ornlor1","avibase-E67C31A6",null,null,"America, error = East Indies, ex Edwards, pl. 174, i.e. Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/116/mode/1up","Psittacus ornatus"],["12281","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus flavoviridis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.337 pl.39","Sula Lorikeet","Sula Lorikeet","Yellow-and-green Lorikeet",null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, and Mangole)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727565","yaglor3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yaglor3","avibase-EA99B306",null,null,"Sula Islands.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/391/mode/1up","Trichoglossus flavoviridis"],["12282","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus meyeri","Walden, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.46 p.281","Yellow-cheeked Lorikeet","Yellow-cheeked Lorikeet","Mustard-capped Lorikeet",null,null,"montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22727575","yaglor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yaglor2","avibase-B61729B6",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.","XXXIV. On a new Species of Trichoglossus from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/295/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Meyeri"],["12283","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus reticulatus","(Müller, 1841)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt4 p.108,note","Blue-streaked Lory","Blue-streaked Lory","Blue-streaked Lory",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684515","blslor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blslor1","avibase-219C2746",null,null,"Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/124/mode/1up","Psittacus reticulatus"],["12284","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus semilarvatus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.4","Blue-eared Lory","Blue-eared Lory","Blue-eared Lory",null,null,"montane forest of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684524","blelor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blelor1","avibase-E4C292E4",null,null,"No locality = Mountains of Ceram.","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/24/mode/1up","Eos semilarvata"],["12285","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus borneus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97","Red Lory","Red Lory","Red Lory",null,null,"central Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684509","redlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redlor1","avibase-1A4139AB",null,null,"Borneo: India, error = Amboina by substitution of Stresemann,Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 340.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus borneus"],["12286","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus borneus cyanonothus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DA3DCE8",null,null,"Moluccas, error = Buru. Stresemann (Nov. Zool. 19, 1912, p.341) fixes Buru as the type locality",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/350/mode/1up","Psittacus cyanonothus"],["12287","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus borneus borneus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas and Kai Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42404263",null,null,"Borneo: India, error = Amboina by substitution of Stresemann,Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 340.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/115/mode/1up","Psittacus borneus"],["12288","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus squamatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.42","Violet-necked Lory","Violet-necked Lory","Violet-necked Lory",null,null,"northern Moluccas and small islets of Raja Ampat Islands (northwest of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684506","vinlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vinlor1","avibase-70A8C9E7",null,null,"Gebe, ex Daubenton, Pl. enl. no. 684.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/64/mode/1up","Psittacus Squamatus"],["12289","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus squamatus riciniatus","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.69, pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas and Widi Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-096D0F08",null,null,"Moluchischen Insel [Mollucas, Indonesia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/93/mode/1up","Psittacus riciniatus"],["12290","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus squamatus obiensis","(Rothschild, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-338B6A4F",null,null,"Obi, Moluccas","[Exhibition of a new form of Lory].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/48/mode/1up","Eos variegata obiensis"],["12291","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus squamatus squamatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) including Schildpad Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CF4378B",null,null,"Gebe, ex Daubenton, Pl. enl. no. 684.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/64/mode/1up","Psittacus Squamatus"],["12292","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus cyanogenius","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.4","Black-winged Lory","Black-winged Lory","Black-winged Lory",null,null,"islands in Cenderawasih Bay (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684519","blwlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwlor1","avibase-26DF0EB5",null,null,"No locality, restricted to Numfor [or Mafor] by Hartert, Nova Guinea, 15, 1932, p. 451.","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/24/mode/1up","Eos cyanogenia"],["12293","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus histrio","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.76","Red-and-blue Lory","Red-and-blue Lory","Red-and-blue Lory",null,null,"Sangihe group (formerly) and Talaud (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684502","rablor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rablor1","avibase-5B9183E8",null,null,"East Indies = Sangir Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/96/mode/1up","Psittacus histrio"],["12294","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus histrio challengeri","(Salvadori, 1891)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 20 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (Karakelong and Salebabu); formerly also Kabaruang and Miangas but possibly extirpated there)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B3D11BF",null,null,"Meangis Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34476#page/44/mode/1up","Eos challengeri"],["12295","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus histrio histrio","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Sangihe, Siau, and Ruang islands (north of Sulawesi); probably extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2D257E3",null,null,"East Indies = Sangir Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/96/mode/1up","Psittacus histrio"],["12296","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus concinnus","(Shaw, 1791)","The naturalist's miscellany 3, no.5 pl.87,text","Musk Lorikeet","Musk Lorikeet","Musk Lorikeet",null,null,"southeastern Queensland to Victoria, Tasmania, and Eyre Peninsula, South Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684652","muslor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/muslor1","avibase-BE39F927",null,null,"'New Holland' i.e. New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155192#page/97/mode/1up","Psittacus concinnus"],["12297","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus concinnus concinnus","(Shaw, 1791)","The naturalist's miscellany 3, no.5 pl.87,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland southward to Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-016C8680",null,null,"'New Holland' i.e. New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155192#page/97/mode/1up","Psittacus concinnus"],["12298","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus concinnus didimus","(Mathews, 1915)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.7 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F59A9B57",null,null,"Tasmania.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/145/mode/1up","Glossopsitta concinna didimus"],["12299","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus rubiginosus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.3","Pohnpei Lorikeet","Pohnpei Lorikeet","Pohnpei Lorikeet",null,null,"lowlands of Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684564","pohlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pohlor1","avibase-C3D27DBC",null,null,"Islands of Barabay and Gebe, error = Ponapé, Caroline Islands.","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/23/mode/1up","Chalcopsitta rubiginosa"],["12300","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus","(Kuhl, 1820)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 10 p.48","Scaly-breasted Lorikeet","Scaly-breasted Lorikeet","Scaly-breasted Lorikeet",null,null,"eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, southern Queensland, southward to southern New South Wales coast; introduced Perth, Melbourne, Canberra)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684567","scblor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scblor1","avibase-4B0E14DB",null,null,"New South Wales.","Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113912#page/116/mode/1up","Psittacus chlorolepidotus"],["12301","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus rosenbergii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.9","Biak Lorikeet","Biak Lorikeet","Biak Lorikeet","2025-0664","Taxon <em>rosenbergii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Trichoglossus haematodus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and genetics. Phenotypically, <em>rosenbergii </em>is one of the most distinctive members of the complex and is deeply diverged from nominate <em>haematodus </em>based on genomic DNA (Smith et al. 2020, 2023). However, <em>rosenbergii </em>shares mitochondrial DNA with subspecies <em>massena </em>and <em>deplanchii </em>of the <em>T. haematodus sensu stricto </em>complex (Braun et al. 2017); further research needed to clarify species limits across the entire <em>T. haematodus sensu lato </em>complex.","Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726315","railor6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/railor6","avibase-6B4D5B3C",null,null,"Biak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/21/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Rosenbergii"],["12302","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.524","Coconut Lorikeet","Coconut Lorikeet","Coconut Lorikeet","2025-0664","Taxon <em>rosenbergii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Trichoglossus haematodus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and genetics. Phenotypically, <em>rosenbergii </em>is one of the most distinctive members of the complex and is deeply diverged from nominate <em>haematodus </em>based on genomic DNA (Smith et al. 2020, 2023). However, <em>rosenbergii </em>shares mitochondrial DNA with subspecies <em>massena </em>and <em>deplanchii </em>of the <em>T. haematodus sensu stricto </em>complex (Braun et al. 2017); further research needed to clarify species limits across the entire <em>T. haematodus sensu lato </em>complex.","central and southern Moluccas, western New Guinea eastward to Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725310","railor4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/railor4","avibase-BA1FA66D",null,null,"Amboina ex Brisson.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Psittacus haematod."],["12303","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas, western Papuan islands, and western and north-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-201C56CE",null,null,"Amboina ex Brisson.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Psittacus haematod."],["12304","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus caeruleiceps","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (southeast Moluccas), southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands, and northwestern Torres Strait islands (northeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41951141",null,null,"Kataw River, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/47/mode/1up","Trichoglossus caeruleiceps"],["12305","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus micropteryx","Stresemann, 1922","Journal für Ornithologie 70, no.2,3 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea east of Huon Peninsula; Kimuta and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AB956AE",null,null,"Sattelberg, New Guinea.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215787#page/423/mode/1up","Trichoglossus haematodus micropteryx"],["12306","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus flavicans","Cabanis & Reichenow, 1876","Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands and New Hanover (western and northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1C842EC",null,null,"New Hanover.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35598#page/83/mode/1up","Trichoglossus flavicans"],["12307","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus nigrogularis","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas) and southern New Guinea including Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FE11F4B",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/249/mode/1up","Trichoglossus nigrogularis"],["12308","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus nesophilus","Neumann, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.1 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (Ninigo and Hermit groups)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D80B549",null,null,"Longan, Ninigo, Schachbrett Islands.","Neue Subspecies aus Papuasien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01922503","Trichoglossus haematodes nesophilus"],["12309","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus massena","Bonaparte, 1854","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Archipelago, and Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-167CD9AB",null,null,"Polynesian Islands; the type agrees with specimens from New Hebrides, fide Hartert, antea, 1925, p. 123","Tableau des Perroquets.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/157/mode/1up","Trichoglossus massena"],["12310","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus haematodus deplanchii","Verreaux & des Murs, 1860","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.9 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C3CC2E",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/392/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Deplanchii"],["12311","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus rubritorquis","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.291","Red-collared Lorikeet","Red-collared Lorikeet","Red-collared Lorikeet",null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725327","railor7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/railor7","avibase-71B42AA4",null,null,"Australia = Derby, North-West Australia, apud Mathews.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/300/mode/1up","Trichoglossus rubritorquis"],["12312","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus moluccanus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.316","Rainbow Lorikeet","Rainbow Lorikeet","Rainbow Lorikeet",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725334","railor5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/railor5","avibase-DF6532E2",null,null,"Moluccas, error. Botany Bay, New South Wales, selected as type locality by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, 1916, p. 14.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/328/mode/1up","Psittacus moluccanus"],["12313","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus moluccanus septentrionalis","Robinson, 1900","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait islands and Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2707AD0B",null,null,"Cooktown, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/313/mode/1up","Trichoglossus novaehollandiae subsp. septentrionalis"],["12314","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, to Eyre Peninsula and Kangaroo Island; introduced in Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18E2E19B",null,null,"Moluccas, error. Botany Bay, New South Wales, selected as type locality by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 6, 1916, p. 14.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/328/mode/1up","Psittacus moluccanus"],["12315","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus euteles","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.4 pl.568","Olive-headed Lorikeet","Olive-headed Lorikeet","Olive-headed Lorikeet",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Timor and adjacent islands from Lomblen to Babar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22684548","olhlor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olhlor1","avibase-07630935",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/45/mode/1up","Psittacus euteles"],["12316","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus weberi","(Büttikofer, 1894)","Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3 p.290 pl.17 fig.1","Leaf Lorikeet","Leaf Lorikeet","Flores Lorikeet",null,null,"Flores (Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726309","railor8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/railor8","avibase-E3E86D6C",null,null,"Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184543#page/332/mode/1up","Psitteuteles weberi"],["12317","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus capistratus","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.68, pl.3","Marigold Lorikeet","Marigold Lorikeet","Marigold Lorikeet",null,null,"central and eastern Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725321","railor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/railor2","avibase-F96C216E",null,null,"Kei Islands, East Indies",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/88/mode/1up","Psittacus capistratus"],["12318","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus capistratus fortis","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8216EBE",null,null,"Waingapo, Sumba.","List of birds collected in Timor by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/136/mode/1up","Trichoglossus haematodus fortis"],["12319","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus capistratus capistratus","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.68, pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83A8F38A",null,null,"Kei Islands, East Indies",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/88/mode/1up","Psittacus capistratus"],["12320","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus capistratus flavotectus","Hellmayr, 1914","Zoologie von Timor: Ergebnisse der unter Leitung von Joh. Wanner im Jahre 1911 ausgeführten Timor-Expedition (etc.) 1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Wetar and Romang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BEF013C",null,null,"Wetter, Roma Island, northeast of Timor",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36830#page/91/mode/1up","Trichoglossus haematod(us) flavotectus"],["12321","species","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus forsteni","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 p.134","Sunset Lorikeet","Sunset Lorikeet","Scarlet-breasted Lorikeet",null,null,"Bali, western Lesser Sundas and (at least formerly) Flores Sea islands south of Sulawesi",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22726303","railor3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/railor3","avibase-A9EF5D3A",null,null,"Sumbawa.","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26392#page/144/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Forsteni"],["12322","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus forsteni djampeanus","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea Island (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C056F6B",null,null,"Djampea.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/190/mode/1up","Trichoglossus forsteni djampeanus"],["12323","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus forsteni stresemanni","Meise, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.3 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"Kalaotoa Island (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BD775BD",null,null,"Kalao tua, south of Celebes in the Flores Sea","Die Vögel von Djampea und benachbarten Inseln nach einer Sammlung Baron Plessens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917266","Trichoglossus haematodus stresemanni"],["12324","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus forsteni mitchellii","Gray, 1859","List of the specimens of birds in the collection of the British Museum pt.3, sect.2 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali and Lombok",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A417F449",null,null,"Type locality unknown = Lombok.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62929#page/102/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Mitchellii"],["12325","subspecies","Psittaciformes","Psittaculidae","Old World Parrots","Trichoglossus forsteni forsteni","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumbawa (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D961D9DB",null,null,"Sumbawa.","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26392#page/144/mode/1up","Trichoglossus Forsteni"],["12326","order","Passeriformes",null,null,"Passeriformes",null,null,"Passerines",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12327","family","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Acanthisittidae",null,null,"New Zealand Wrens","New Zealand Wrens","New Zealand Wrens",null,null,null,null,null,null,"acanth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/acanth1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12328","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Traversia","Rothschild, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Traversia lyalli [Rothschild, 1894]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/236/mode/1up","Traversia"],["12329","species","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Traversia lyalli","Rothschild, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.10","Lyall's Wren","Stephens Island Wren","Stephens Island Rockwren",null,null,"formerly Stephens Island (New Zealand); extinct, last reported 1894","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698593","stiwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stiwre1","avibase-174E5BDB",null,null,"Stephens Island, Cook Strait.","[New genus and species of bird from New Zealand].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/236/mode/1up","Traversia lyalli"],["12330","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Acanthisitta","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.4 text to pl.27, p.1-2; pl.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sitta chloris [Sparrman, 1787]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124278#page/115/mode/1up","Acanthisitta"],["12331","species","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Acanthisitta chloris","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xxxiiiFALSE","Rifleman","Rifleman","Rifleman",null,null,"North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698577","riflem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/riflem1","avibase-7D5E37D9",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope; error, type from Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand, fide Oliver, 1955, New Zealand Birds, ed. 2, p. 449.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/43/mode/1up","Sitta chloris"],["12332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Acanthisitta chloris granti","Mathews & Iredale, 1913","Ibis ser.10, vol.1, no.3 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"North, Great, and Little Barrier islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-665337ED",null,null,"North Island, New Zealand.","A Reference List of the Birds of New Zealand. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85342#page/520/mode/1up","Acanthisitta chloris granti"],["12333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Acanthisitta chloris chloris","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xxxiiiFALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"South, Stewart, and Codfish islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A355A39A",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope; error, type from Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand, fide Oliver, 1955, New Zealand Birds, ed. 2, p. 449.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/43/mode/1up","Sitta chloris"],["12334","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Xenicus","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla longipes [ Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/43/mode/1up","Xenicus"],["12335","species","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Xenicus gilviventris","Pelzeln, 1867","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 17 p.316","New Zealand Rockwren","South Island Wren","New Zealand Rockwren",null,null,"high mountains of South Island (New Zealand)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698585","soiwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soiwre1","avibase-19420218",null,null,"New Zealand [= mountains of South Island] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/255/mode/1up","Xenicus gilviventris"],["12336","species","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Xenicus longipes","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.979","Bushwren","Bush Wren","Bushwren",null,null,"formerly North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698580","buswre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buswre1","avibase-9232F027",null,null,"'Nova Seelandia'; type from Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand, fide Oliver, 1955, New Zealand Birds, ed. 2, p. 453.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/480/mode/1up","Motacilla longipes"],["12337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Xenicus longipes stokesii","Gray, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.15 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly North Island (New Zealand); extinct by 1949","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A31F417",null,null,"Rima-Taka [= Rimutaka Hills, North Island, New Zealand].","A List of the Birds of New Zealand and the adjacent Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/255/mode/1up","Xenicus stokesii"],["12338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Xenicus longipes longipes","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.979",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly montane forest of South Island (New Zealand); extinct by 1972","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9069858",null,null,"'Nova Seelandia'; type from Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand, fide Oliver, 1955, New Zealand Birds, ed. 2, p. 453.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/480/mode/1up","Motacilla longipes"],["12339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthisittidae","New Zealand Wrens","Xenicus longipes variabilis","Stead, 1936","Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 66 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly small islands off Stewart Island (New Zealand); extinct by 1965","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-F89DB2B3",null,null,"islands southwest of Stewart Island.","A new subspecies of Xenicus.","http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_66/rsnz_66_00_003350.pdf","Xenicus longipes variabilis"],["12340","family","Passeriformes","Philepittidae","Asities","Philepittidae",null,null,"Asities","Asities","Asities",null,null,null,null,null,null,"philep1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/philep1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12341","genus","Passeriformes","Philepittidae","Asities","Philepitta","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1838","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 6 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Philepitta sericea [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I, 1838]; type by monotypy = Turdus castaneus Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87988#page/452/mode/1up","Philepitta"],["12342","species","Passeriformes","Philepittidae","Asities","Philepitta castanea","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.143","Velvet Asity","Velvet Asity","Velvet Asity",null,null,"humid montane slopes of eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698763","velasi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/velasi1","avibase-90A9B4AC",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/163/mode/1up","Turdus castaneus"],["12343","species","Passeriformes","Philepittidae","Asities","Philepitta schlegeli","Schlegel, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.422","Schlegel's Asity","Schlegel's Asity","Schlegel's Asity",null,null,"patchily distributed dense forest of western Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698767","schasi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schasi1","avibase-C0927887",null,null,"Madagascar.","[List of the most remarkable species of Mammals and Birds collected by Messrs. Fr. Pollen and D. C. van Dam in Madagascar].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/512/mode/1up","Philepitta schlegeli"],["12344","genus","Passeriformes","Philepittidae","Asities","Neodrepanis","Sharpe, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Neodrepanis coruscans [Sharpe, 1875]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/129/mode/1up","Neodrepanis"],["12345","species","Passeriformes","Philepittidae","Asities","Neodrepanis coruscans","Sharpe, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.76","Common Sunbird-Asity","Common Sunbird-Asity","Common Sunbird-Asity",null,null,"highland forest of eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698771","sunasi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunasi1","avibase-E35838E3",null,null,"Madagascar [= near Antananarivo [= Tananarive] , fide Shelley, 1900, Birds of Africa, 2, p. 12] .","Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/130/mode/1up","Neodrepanis coruscans"],["12346","species","Passeriformes","Philepittidae","Asities","Neodrepanis hypoxantha","Salomonsen, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.182","Yellow-bellied Sunbird-Asity","Yellow-bellied Sunbird-Asity","Yellow-bellied Sunbird-asity",null,null,"rainforest of east-central Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698777","yebasi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebasi1","avibase-07471818",null,null,"'East of Antananarivo' (now Tananarive),' eastern Madagascar.","Description of a new species of Sunbird from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/220/mode/1up","Neodrepanis hypoxantha"],["12347","family","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimidae",null,null,"Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Asian and Grauer's Broadbills","Typical Broadbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"euryla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/euryla1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12348","genus","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Pseudocalyptomena","Rothschild, 1909","Ibis ser.9, vol.3, no.12 p.690",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pseudocalyptomena graueri [Rothschild, 1909]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35490#page/750/mode/1up","Pseudocalyptomena"],["12349","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Pseudocalyptomena graueri","Rothschild, 1909","Ibis ser.9, vol.3, no.12 p.690 pl.10","Grauer's Broadbill","Grauer's Broadbill","Grauer's Broadbill",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane primary rainforest, bamboo forest, and forest edge of Albertine Rift Mountains from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastward to southwestern Uganda",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698719","grabro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grabro1","avibase-B8AE6DAF",null,null,"fifty miles west of Russisi (=Ruzizi) north of Lake Tanganyika, 2000 meters.","Description of a new Bird from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35490#page/750/mode/1up","Pseudocalyptomena graueri"],["12350","genus","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Corydon","Lesson, 1828","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eurylaimus corydon [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Coracias sumatranus Raffles, 1822",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/189/mode/1up","Corydon"],["12351","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Corydon sumatranus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.303","Dusky Broadbill","Dusky Broadbill","Dusky Broadbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary forest, and dipterocarp and swamp forest, from southern Myanmar and Laos southward to Sumatra, North Natuna Islands, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698724","dusbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusbro1","avibase-BB1E6094",null,null,"interior of Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/335/mode/1up","Coracias Sumatranus"],["12352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Corydon sumatranus laoensis","Meyer de Schauensee, 1929","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 80 p.555,571",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to northern Thailand and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DF5CA26",null,null,"the Siamese Lao; type from Doi Souteb, 3300 feet.","A collection of Birds from Siam.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064006","Corydon sumatranus laoensis"],["12353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Corydon sumatranus sumatranus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Penang Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFB77807",null,null,"interior of Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/335/mode/1up","Coracias Sumatranus"],["12354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Corydon sumatranus brunnescens","Hartert, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and northern Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D2A6B1A",null,null,"Baram, Borneo.","Exhibition and descriptions of two new subspecies of birds from E. Congo Free State.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/328/mode/1up","Corydon sumatranus brunnescens"],["12355","genus","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Psarisomus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eurylaimus dalhousiae [Jameson, 1835]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/285/mode/1up","Psarisomus"],["12356","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Psarisomus dalhousiae","(Jameson, 1835)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 18 p.389","Long-tailed Broadbill","Long-tailed Broadbill","Long-tailed Broadbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest and bamboo, from northern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to south-central China and Vietnam, and southward to highlands of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698747","lotbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotbro1","avibase-63944E03",null,null,"northern India; probably near Simla.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52306#page/419/mode/1up","Eurylaimus dalhousiae"],["12357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Psarisomus dalhousiae dalhousiae","(Jameson, 1835)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 18 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas to northeastern India, Myanmar, southwestern China, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EE57844",null,null,"northern India; probably near Simla.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52306#page/419/mode/1up","Eurylaimus dalhousiae"],["12358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Psarisomus dalhousiae cyanicauda","Riley, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41F26B8F",null,null,"Kao Sabab, southeastern Siam.","Two new forms of Birds from southeastern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/78/mode/1up","Psarisomus dalhousiae cyanicauda"],["12359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Psarisomus dalhousiae divinus","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (southern Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3E97708",null,null,"Lang Bian Mts., Haut-Donai Province, Annam.","New races of Asiatic Broadbills (Eurylaimidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/128/mode/1up","Psarisomus dalhousiae divinus"],["12360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Psarisomus dalhousiae psittacinus","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.349 pl.V[=IX] fig.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D32686",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA349#v=onepage&f=false","Eurylaimus psittacinus"],["12361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Psarisomus dalhousiae borneensis","Hartert, 1904","Genera Avium pt1 p.6,7",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EAB72D0",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181202#page/8/mode/1up","Psarisomus dalhousiae borneensis"],["12362","genus","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Sarcophanops","Gould, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eurylaimus steerii [Sharpe, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/466/mode/1up","Sarcophanops"],["12363","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Sarcophanops steerii","(Sharpe, 1876)","Nature 14 p.297","Wattled Broadbill","Wattled Broadbill","Mindanao Wattled Broadbill",null,null,"Mindanao and satellites (southern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698738","watbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watbro1","avibase-600D1A1F",null,null,"Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/317/mode/1up","Eurylaemus Steerii"],["12364","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Sarcophanops samarensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.23","Visayan Broadbill","Visayan Broadbill","Visayan Wattled Broadbill",null,null,"central Philippines (Leyte, Samar, and Bohol)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698727","visbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/visbro1","avibase-11167D53",null,null,"Samar, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/27/mode/1up","Sarcophanops Samarensis"],["12365","genus","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eurylaimus javanicus [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/189/mode/1up","Eurylaimus"],["12366","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimus ochromalus","Raffles, 1822","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.297","Black-and-yellow Broadbill","Black-and-yellow Broadbill","Black-and-yellow Broadbill",null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698735","baybro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baybro1","avibase-C429744B",null,null,"Singapore and the interior of Sumatra; restricted to Singapore by Robinson and Kloss, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 15.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/329/mode/1up","Eurylaimus ochromalus"],["12367","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimus javanicus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.170","Banded Broadbill","Banded Broadbill",null,"2025-0810","Taxon <em>harterti </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Eurylaimus javanicus</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a separate species based on size, iris color, and minor plumage differences, but near-identical vocalizations suggest conspecificity; further research needed.","southeastern Asia from southeastern Myanmar to Java and Borneo",null,null,null,"banbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banbro1","avibase-07D343CC",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/189/mode/1up","Eurylaimus Javanicus"],["12368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimus javanicus pallidus","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 10 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand (Isthmus of Kra) through Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24DD6F86",null,null,"Kao Nawng [ = Khao Nong, a mountain at lat. 8° 55' N., long. 99° 38' E.], Peninsular Siam.","Four new races of Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328663/em-four-new-races-of-malaysian-em-birds","Eurylaimus javanicus pallidus"],["12369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimus javanicus harterti","van Oort, 1909","Notes from the Leyden Museum 31 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Bangka Island, and Belitung Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D56D67F3",null,null,"Deli, Sumatra.","On Gerygone- and Eurylaimus-species from Java and from Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46721#page/233/mode/1up","Eurylaimus javanicus harterti"],["12370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimus javanicus javanicus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BF49CEB",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/189/mode/1up","Eurylaimus Javanicus"],["12371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Eurylaimus javanicus brookei","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B30971A",null,null,"Ulu Paku and Anyut Paku 5, Saribas, Sarawak, Borneo.","On behalf of Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. B. Kloss, exhibition of types and descriptions of new species of Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/283/mode/1up","Eurylaimus javanicus brookei"],["12372","genus","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Cymbirhynchus","Vigors, 1830","Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (etc.) p.654",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Todus nasutus [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Todus macrorhynchos J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,null,"Cymbirhynchus"],["12373","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Cymbirhynchus affinis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.312","Ayeyarwady Broadbill","Ayeyarwady Broadbill","Irrawaddy Broadbill","2026-069","<em>Cymbirhynchus affinis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> (the two were treated as conspecific in AviList 2025; see 2025-0812) based on differences in morphology and plumage following Berryman et al. (2025c) and evidence that the taxa were likely parapatric or narrowly allopatric. Furthermore, <em>C. m. siamensis</em> is synonymized with <em>C. m. malaccensis</em> based on overlap in plumage and morphology. Although Berryman et al. (2025c) suggest <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> should be treated as monotypic due to possible clinality in minor plumage traits this has not been established; further research needed.","at least formerly, southwestern Myanmar in the Rakhine Yoma (Arakan Hills) and Ayeyarwady delta region; no records since 1874",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656924","barbro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barbro2","avibase-A7772291",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/440/mode/1up","Cymbirhynchus affinis"],["12374","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.446","Black-and-red Broadbill","Black-and-red Broadbill","Black-and-red Broadbill","2026-069","<em>Cymbirhynchus affinis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> (the two were treated as conspecific in AviList 2025; see 2025-0812) based on differences in morphology and plumage following Berryman et al. (2025c) and evidence that the taxa were likely parapatric or narrowly allopatric. Furthermore, <em>C. m. siamensis</em> is synonymized with <em>C. m. malaccensis</em> based on overlap in plumage and morphology. Although Berryman et al. (2025c) suggest <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> should be treated as monotypic due to possible clinality in minor plumage traits this has not been established; further research needed.","southern southeastern Asia, from Tenasserim (southern Myanmar) eastward to southern Vietnam, and southward to Sumatra, Bangka, Belitun, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656920","barbro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barbro3","avibase-8C789387",null,null,"no locality, but Borneo is generally accepted as such.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/458/mode/1up","Todus macrorhynchos"],["12375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos malaccensis","Salvadori, 1874","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 9 p.425",null,null,null,"2026-069","<em>Cymbirhynchus affinis</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>C. macrorhynchos </em>(the two were treated as conspecific in AviList 2025; see 2025-0812) based on differences in morphology and plumage following Berryman et al. (2025) and evidence that the taxa were likely parapatric or narrowly allopatric. Furthermore, <em>C. m. siamensis</em> is synonymized with<em> C. m. malaccensis</em> based on overlap in plumage and morphology. Although Berryman et al. (2025) suggest <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> should be treated as monotypic due to possible clinality in minor plumage traits this has not been established; further research needed.","Tenasserim (southern Myanmar) and southern Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia, eastward to Cambodia, southern Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3797E3BC",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=J9cAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA425","Cymbirhynchus malaccensis"],["12376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos macrorhynchos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Borneo, Bangka, Belitung, and Palau Laut",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D37118BF",null,null,"no locality, but Borneo is generally accepted as such.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/458/mode/1up","Todus macrorhynchos"],["12377","genus","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eurylaimus lunatus [Gould, 1834]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/286/mode/1up","Serilophus"],["12378","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus rubropygius","(Hodgson, 1839)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 8, pt.1, no.85 p.36","Grey-lored Broadbill","Gray-lored Broadbill","Grey-browed Broadbill","2025-0811","Taxon <em>rubropygius </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Serilophus lunatus</em> based on plumage, wing structure, facial skin coloration and feathering, and narrow parapatry (Dekker &amp; Dickinson 2000).","northeastern India, Bhutan, and eastern Bangladesh to northeastern Myanmar and western Yunnan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656933","sibbro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibbro2","avibase-098E40F1",null,null,"No locality = Nepal.","On a new Genus of the Fissirostral Tribe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123736#page/52/mode/1up","Raya Rubropygia"],["12379","species","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus","(Gould, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.12 p.133","Silver-breasted Broadbill","Silver-breasted Broadbill","Silver-breasted Broadbill","2025-0811","Taxon <em>rubropygius </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Serilophus lunatus</em> based on plumage, wing structure, facial skin coloration and feathering, and narrow parapatry (Dekker &amp; Dickinson 2000).","lowland to foothill forest, pine-oak woodland, and bamboo, from eastern Myanmar, Vietnam, and southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656929","sibbro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibbro3","avibase-9CF3D96B",null,null,"in the neighborhood of Rangoon; type locality restricted to the hills of the Pegu district, Pegu Division, Burma, by Deignan, 1948","Exhibition of a series of Eurylaimi, Horsf., in illustration of a paper 'On an undescribed Species' of that genus'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/147/mode/1up","Eurylaimus lunatus"],["12380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus elisabethae","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar eastward to southern China and northern Vietnam, southward to southeastern Thailand and Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A5BEFF8",null,null,"Hokow, S.E. Yunnan (alt. 300 ft.)","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/236/mode/1up","Serilophus lunatus elisabethae"],["12381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus polionotus","Rothschild, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-959ED6C5",null,null,"Mt. Wuchi, Hainan.","On new species of birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/487/mode/1up","Serilophus lunatus polionotus"],["12382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus lunatus","(Gould, 1834)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.12 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southern Myanmar and adjacent northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24B13C68",null,null,"in the neighborhood of Rangoon; type locality restricted to the hills of the Pegu district, Pegu Division, Burma, by Deignan, 1948","Exhibition of a series of Eurylaimi, Horsf., in illustration of a paper 'On an undescribed Species' of that genus'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/147/mode/1up","Eurylaimus lunatus"],["12383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus impavidus","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.3 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6B7CD53",null,null,"Thateng, lat. 15° 31' N., long. 106° 22' E., Saravane Province, Bas-Laos.","The races of the Silver-breasted Broadbill Serilophus lunatus (Gould).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/129/mode/1up","Serilophus lunatus impavidus"],["12384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus stolidus","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand (except far south)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0283C4CA",null,null,"Kao Nawng, 1200-1500 feet, [ = Khao Nong, a mountain at lat. 8° 55' N., long. 99° 38' E.], Bandon, peninsular Siam.","On behalf of Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. B. Kloss, exhibition of types and descriptions of new species of Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/284/mode/1up","Serilophus lunatus stolidus"],["12385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus rothschildi","Hartert & Butler, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula and far southern peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5629060",null,null,"Gunong Ijau, 3000 feet, Perak.","[Exhibition and description of two new birds from the Gunong Ijau, Perak, Malay Peninsula].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/488/mode/1up","Serilophus rothschildi"],["12386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eurylaimidae","Grauer's Broadbill and Asian Broadbills","Serilophus lunatus intensus","Robinson & Kloss, 1916","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society no.73 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-275D8411",null,null,"Siolak Dras, 3100 feet, Korinchi [Kerintji] Valley, Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and sub-species of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb.-June 1914.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130712#page/326/mode/1up","Serilophus lunatus intensus"],["12387","family","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomenidae",null,null,"African and Green Broadbills","African and Green Broadbills","African and Green Broadbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"calypt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calypt1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12388","genus","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomena","Horsfield, 1822","Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands text to pl.53",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Calyptomena viridis [Horsfield, 1822]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181895#page/385/mode/1up","Calyptomena"],["12389","species","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomena hosii","Sharpe, 1892","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.9, no.51 p.249","Hose's Broadbill","Hose's Broadbill","Hose's Broadbill",null,null,"patchily distributed submontane forest of northern and central Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698754","hosbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hosbro1","avibase-0C4DC9DD",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Borneo.","XXXVII. Description of a new Species of Calyptomena from North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53332#page/263/mode/1up","Calyptomena Hosii"],["12390","species","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomena whiteheadi","Sharpe, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3, no.37 p.558","Whitehead's Broadbill","Whitehead's Broadbill","Whitehead's Broadbill",null,null,"montane forest of northern and central Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698760","whibro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whibro1","avibase-406E9C46",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo.","On a new species of Calyptomena.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/692/mode/1up","Calyptomena whiteheadi"],["12391","species","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomena viridis","Raffles, 1822","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.295","Green Broadbill","Green Broadbill","Green Broadbill",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to Singapore, Sumatra (including Nias and Batu and Mentawai islands), Riau Islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698750","grebro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grebro1","avibase-0E127F06",null,null,"Forests of Singapore and the interior of Sumatra; restricted to Bencoolen district by Robinson and Kloss, antea, 1923.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/327/mode/1up","Calyptomena viridis"],["12392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomena viridis viridis","Raffles, 1822","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, southwestern Thailand, and Malayan Peninsula and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0883A740",null,null,"Forests of Singapore and the interior of Sumatra; restricted to Bencoolen district by Robinson and Kloss, antea, 1923.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/327/mode/1up","Calyptomena viridis"],["12393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomena viridis gloriosa","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.27 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo, Sumatra, Nias, Batu, Lingga, and North Natuna islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F91F58C",null,null,"Sungei Karangan ca. lat. 1° 20' N., long. 117° 38' E., central-eastern Borneo. 1","New races of Asiatic Broadbills (Eurylaimidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/129/mode/1up","Calyptomena viridis gloriosa"],["12394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Calyptomena viridis siberu","Chasen & Kloss, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Islands (Siberut, and North and South Pagai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAE32B5D",null,null,"Siberut Island.","Spolia Mentawiensis. - Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07583.x","Calyptomena viridis siberu"],["12395","genus","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platyrhynchus capensis [Smith, A, 1839]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/504/mode/1up","Smithornis"],["12396","species","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis sharpei","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.34","Grey-headed Broadbill","Gray-headed Broadbill","Grey-headed Broadbill",null,null,"tropical rainforest in Cameroon, adjacent southernmost Nigeria, and far southern Central African Republic southward to central Gabon, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), and western Republic of the Congo, and in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698711","gyhbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbro1","avibase-EE68233F",null,null,"Mt. Ysabel, 4000 feet, Fernando Po. Col. pl., Ibis, 1903, pl. 7.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/406/mode/1up","Smithornis sharpei"],["12397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis sharpei sharpei","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1400C3F5",null,null,"Mt. Ysabel, 4000 feet, Fernando Po. Col. pl., Ibis, 1903, pl. 7.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/406/mode/1up","Smithornis sharpei"],["12398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis sharpei zenkeri","Reichenow, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, and northern Gabon, to southwestern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16B99692",null,null,"Bipindi, Cameroons.","Neues aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/59/mode/1up","Smithornis zenkeri"],["12399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis sharpei eurylaemus","Neumann, 1923","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 31 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDA9AE66",null,null,"Moera, 40 kilometers northwest of Lake Albert Edward.","Zwei bisher unbenannte Formen aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101437#page/92/mode/1up","Smithornis sharpei eurylaemus"],["12400","species","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis rufolateralis","Gray, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.143","Rufous-sided Broadbill","Rufous-sided Broadbill","Rufous-sided Broadbill",null,null,"humid forest from central Sierra Leone eastward to southern Nigeria and southward to southwestern Central African Republic, northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern and southwestern Republic of the Congo, and northernmost Angola; also in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698715","rusbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusbro1","avibase-1F662597",null,null,"West Africa = Gold Coast.","On a New Species of Smithornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/197/mode/1up","Smithornis rufolateralis"],["12401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis rufolateralis rufolateralis","Gray, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sierra Leone to western Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FDFC663",null,null,"West Africa = Gold Coast.","On a New Species of Smithornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/197/mode/1up","Smithornis rufolateralis"],["12402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis rufolateralis budongoensis","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2D11DB7",null,null,"Budongo Forest, Uganda.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/133/mode/1up","Smithornis rufolateralis budongoensis"],["12403","species","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis","(Smith, 1839)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.27,text","African Broadbill","African Broadbill","African Broadbill",null,null,"evergreen and riparian forest, bamboo stands, deciduous thickets and woodland, and forest borders from western Africa, in Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia eastward to Ghana; also in central Cameroon, Central African Republic, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Uganda, and Kenya, and southward to northern Angola, northern Botswana, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698707","afrbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrbro1","avibase-9EE216F9",null,null,"Natal; restricted to the coastal forests of northern Zululand, Vincent, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl, 55, p. 96.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/117/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus capensis"],["12404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis delacouri","Bannerman, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E036760A",null,null,"Bandama, Ivory Coast.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from the French Ivory Coast, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/566/mode/1up","Smithornis capensis delacouri"],["12405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis camarunensis","Sharpe, 1905","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.19 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Gabon and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE737AA0",null,null,"River Ja, Cameroon.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. With Notes by the Collector, G. L. Bates. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/493/mode/1up","Smithornis camarunensis"],["12406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis albigularis","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Zambia, western Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-603B84A9",null,null,"Canhoca, northern Angola.","New species of birds from Angola and Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/559/mode/1up","Smithornis capensis albigularis"],["12407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis meinertzhageni","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADE7DED5",null,null,"Nyarondo, Kenya Colony.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/292/mode/1up","Smithornis capensis meinertzhageni"],["12408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis medianus","Hartert & Van Someren, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3766B0D6",null,null,"Kyambu (= Kiambu) forest, 01 08\u0002S,36 50\u0002E, Kenya","Description of a new Smithornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/265/mode/1up","Smithornis capensis medianus"],["12409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis suahelicus","Grote, 1926","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya, eastern Tanzania, and northeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76017826",null,null,"Magagoni, Rufu River, Tanganyika Territory.","Smithornis capensis suahelicus nov. subsp..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_34_0014-0023.pdf#page=4","Smithornis capensis suahelicus"],["12410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis cryptoleucus","Clancey, 1963","Durban Museum Novitates 6 p.236 [231-241]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania and southern Malawi to eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, northeastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89EB7202",null,null,"[South Africa]","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 20. 1. The South African races of the Broadbill Smithornis capensis (Smith).",null,"Smithornis capensis cryptoleucus"],["12411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis conjunctus","Clancey, 1963","Durban Museum Novitates 6 p.238 [231-241]",null,null,null,null,null,"Caprivi Strip and middle Zambezi Valley to northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EBFA4F9",null,null,"30 miles west of the Victoria Falls, Zambezi R.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 20. 1. The South African races of the Broadbill Smithornis capensis (Smith).",null,"Smithornis capensis conjunctus"],["12412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptomenidae","African and Green Broadbills","Smithornis capensis capensis","(Smith, 1839)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.27,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (coastal KwaZulu-Natal and northeastern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E668982A",null,null,"Natal; restricted to the coastal forests of northern Zululand, Vincent, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl, 55, p. 96.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/117/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus capensis"],["12413","family","Passeriformes","Sapayoidae","Sapayoa","Sapayoidae",null,null,"Sapayoa","Sapayoa","Sapayoa",null,null,null,null,null,null,"sapayo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sapayo2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12414","genus","Passeriformes","Sapayoidae","Sapayoa","Sapayoa","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sapayoa aenigma [Hartert, E, 1903]; type by original designation",null,"On a remarkable new Oligomyodian genus and species from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/135/mode/1up","Sapayoa"],["12415","species","Passeriformes","Sapayoidae","Sapayoa","Sapayoa aenigma","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.117","Sapayoa","Sapayoa","Sapayoa",null,null,"tropical central Panama to Colombia and far northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698786","sapayo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sapayo1","avibase-D2A3B070",null,null,"Río Sapayo [= Zapallo Grande], Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","On a remarkable new Oligomyodian genus and species from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/135/mode/1up","Sapayoa aenigma"],["12416","family","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pittidae",null,null,"Pittas","Pittas","Pittas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pittid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pittid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12417","genus","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pitta Macklotii [Temminck, 1834]; type by subsequent designation",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/9/mode/1up","Erythropitta"],["12418","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta arquata","(Gould, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.7, no.41 p.340","Blue-banded Pitta","Blue-banded Pitta","Blue-banded Pitta",null,null,"primary submontane forest of northern half of Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698659","blbpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpit1","avibase-3FF820D1",null,null,"Borneo. [Salvadori's emendation (1874) to arcuata has been universally adopted for the last 100 years.]","XLIII. Description of a new Species of the Family Pittidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78387#page/354/mode/1up","Pitta (Phoenicocichla) arquata"],["12419","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta venusta","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.348 pl.V[=8] fig.4","Graceful Pitta","Graceful Pitta","Graceful Pitta",null,null,"highlands of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698667","blcpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcpit1","avibase-0DEAE4E7",null,null,"western Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA348#v=onepage&f=false","Pitta venusta"],["12420","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta ussheri","(Gould, 1877)","The birds of Asia 5 pt29 pl.75,text","Black-crowned Pitta","Black-crowned Pitta","Black-crowned Pitta",null,null,"lowlands of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732662","bkhpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhpit1","avibase-845C4CA6",null,null,"Lawas River, North Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121124#page/229/mode/1up","Pitta ussheri"],["12421","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta granatina","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.85, vol.2 pl.506","Garnet Pitta","Garnet Pitta","Garnet Pitta",null,null,"tropical rainforest and flooded forest in southern Malayan Peninsula from far southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, eastern Sumatra, and Borneo (except Sabah)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735819","garpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/garpit1","avibase-FE4701A9",null,null,"Pontianak, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/461/mode/1up","Pitta granatina"],["12422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta granatina coccinea","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, southern peninsular Thailand, southern Myanmar, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACFDF74C",null,null,"Malacca (Malaya).","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/634/mode/1up","Pitta coccinea"],["12423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta granatina granatina","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.85, vol.2 pl.506",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (except northern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86E24D80",null,null,"Pontianak, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/461/mode/1up","Pitta granatina"],["12424","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta kochi","(Brüggemann, 1876)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.65 pl.3 fig.6","Whiskered Pitta","Whiskered Pitta","Whiskered Pitta",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698648","whipit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whipit1","avibase-4922C1E5",null,null,"Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/73/mode/1up","Pitta Kochi"],["12425","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta erythrogaster","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.36, vol.2 pl.212","Philippine Pitta","Philippine Pitta","Philippine Pitta","2025-0881","The <em>Erythropitta erythrogaster </em>complex is treated as 8 species based on a combination of morphological (Collar et al. 2015) and genetic evidence, mostly from mitochondrial DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2013). Six polytypic species are recognized: <em>E. erythrogaster</em> (including <em>inspeculata, propinqua, yairocho</em>, and <em>thompsoni</em>); <em>E. celebensis</em> (including <em>caeruleitorques </em>and <em>palliceps</em>); <em>E. rufiventris </em>(including <em>cyanonota, bernsteini</em>, and <em>obiensis</em>); <em>E. rubrinucha</em> (including <em>piroensis</em>); <em>E. macklotii</em> (including <em>digglesi, oblita, loriae, finschii</em>, and <em>habenichti</em>); and <em>E. novaehibernicae</em> (including <em>gazellae, splendida</em>, and <em>extima</em>), with the remaining two species being the monotypic <em>E. dohertyi</em> and <em>E. meeki</em>. Species delimitation in this complex remains open to change, and future additions of genomic and phenotypic datasets may lead to further splits or lumps.","Philippines and Talaud Islands (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/279001133","rebpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpit1","avibase-4194FFF5",null,null,"Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/445/mode/1up","Pitta erythrogaster"],["12426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta erythrogaster erythrogaster","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.36, vol.2 pl.212",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and Sulu Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D1CDDEE",null,null,"Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/445/mode/1up","Pitta erythrogaster"],["12427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta erythrogaster propinqua","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan and Balabac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE6898F5",null,null,"Balabac.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/452/mode/1up","Brachyurus propinquus"],["12428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta erythrogaster thompsoni","(Ripley & Rabor, 1962)","Postilla no.73 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Culion and Calauit, southern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-667FBBC4",null,null,"Culion, Philippine Islands.","New birds from Palawan and Culion Islands, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44213#page/7/mode/1up","Pitta erythrogaster thompsoni"],["12429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta erythrogaster yairocho","(Hachisuka, 1935)","The birds of the Philippine Islands, with notes on the mammal fauna p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Islands, southwestern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DDBE3E6",null,null,"Sibutu, Sulu Islands.",null,null,"Pitta erythrogastra yairocho"],["12430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta erythrogaster inspeculata","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.3 p.245 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC3EDFFE",null,null,"Talaut (Kabruang and Salibabu).","Ueber eine erste Sammlung von Vögeln von den Talaut Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/255/mode/1up","Pitta inspeculata"],["12431","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta dohertyi","(Rothschild, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.33","Sula Pitta","Sula Pitta","Sula Pitta","2025-0881","The <em>Erythropitta erythrogaster </em>complex is treated as 8 species based on a combination of morphological (Collar et al. 2015) and genetic evidence, mostly from mitochondrial DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2013). Six polytypic species are recognized: <em>E. erythrogaster</em> (including <em>inspeculata, propinqua, yairocho</em>, and <em>thompsoni</em>); <em>E. celebensis</em> (including <em>caeruleitorques </em>and <em>palliceps</em>); <em>E. rufiventris </em>(including <em>cyanonota, bernsteini</em>, and <em>obiensis</em>); <em>E. rubrinucha</em> (including <em>piroensis</em>); <em>E. macklotii</em> (including <em>digglesi, oblita, loriae, finschii</em>, and <em>habenichti</em>); and <em>E. novaehibernicae</em> (including <em>gazellae, splendida</em>, and <em>extima</em>), with the remaining two species being the monotypic <em>E. dohertyi</em> and <em>E. meeki</em>. Species delimitation in this complex remains open to change, and future additions of genomic and phenotypic datasets may lead to further splits or lumps.","Peleng, in Banggai Islands and Taliabu, Seho, and Mangole, in Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698656","sulpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulpit1","avibase-EF23C4FD",null,null,"Sula Mangoli.","[Exhibition of three new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/471/mode/1up","Pitta dohertyi"],["12432","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta celebensis","(Müller & Schlegel, 1845)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.18","Sulawesi Pitta","Sulawesi Pitta","Sulawesi Pitta","2025-0881","The <em>Erythropitta erythrogaster </em>complex is treated as 8 species based on a combination of morphological (Collar et al. 2015) and genetic evidence, mostly from mitochondrial DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2013). Six polytypic species are recognized: <em>E. erythrogaster</em> (including <em>inspeculata, propinqua, yairocho</em>, and <em>thompsoni</em>); <em>E. celebensis</em> (including <em>caeruleitorques </em>and <em>palliceps</em>); <em>E. rufiventris </em>(including <em>cyanonota, bernsteini</em>, and <em>obiensis</em>); <em>E. rubrinucha</em> (including <em>piroensis</em>); <em>E. macklotii</em> (including <em>digglesi, oblita, loriae, finschii</em>, and <em>habenichti</em>); and <em>E. novaehibernicae</em> (including <em>gazellae, splendida</em>, and <em>extima</em>), with the remaining two species being the monotypic <em>E. dohertyi</em> and <em>E. meeki</em>. Species delimitation in this complex remains open to change, and future additions of genomic and phenotypic datasets may lead to further splits or lumps.","Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/279001760","sulpit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulpit4","avibase-22C7C73A",null,null,"Tondano, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/328/mode/1up","Pitta celebensis"],["12433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta celebensis celebensis","(Müller & Schlegel, 1845)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Manterawu Island and Togian Islands (off northeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C955E57",null,null,"Tondano, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/328/mode/1up","Pitta celebensis"],["12434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta celebensis palliceps","(Brüggemann, 1876)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.64 pl.3 fig.7,8,9,10",null,null,null,null,null,"Siau and Tahulandang islands (Celebes Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E16A438F",null,null,"Siao, Sangir Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104684#page/72/mode/1up","Pitta palliceps"],["12435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta celebensis caeruleitorques","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe Islands (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-957D21B7",null,null,"Petta, Sangir Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/59/mode/1up","Pitta caeruleitorques"],["12436","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rufiventris","(Heine, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.42 p.406","North Moluccan Pitta","North Moluccan Pitta","North Moluccan Pitta","2025-0881","The <em>Erythropitta erythrogaster </em>complex is treated as 8 species based on a combination of morphological (Collar et al. 2015) and genetic evidence, mostly from mitochondrial DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2013). Six polytypic species are recognized: <em>E. erythrogaster</em> (including <em>inspeculata, propinqua, yairocho</em>, and <em>thompsoni</em>); <em>E. celebensis</em> (including <em>caeruleitorques </em>and <em>palliceps</em>); <em>E. rufiventris </em>(including <em>cyanonota, bernsteini</em>, and <em>obiensis</em>); <em>E. rubrinucha</em> (including <em>piroensis</em>); <em>E. macklotii</em> (including <em>digglesi, oblita, loriae, finschii</em>, and <em>habenichti</em>); and <em>E. novaehibernicae</em> (including <em>gazellae, splendida</em>, and <em>extima</em>), with the remaining two species being the monotypic <em>E. dohertyi</em> and <em>E. meeki</em>. Species delimitation in this complex remains open to change, and future additions of genomic and phenotypic datasets may lead to further splits or lumps.","northern Moluccas and Gebe (northwest of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656402","molpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molpit1","avibase-1C1F4931",null,null,"unknown; Batjan designated by Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, pp. 13, 57.","Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Vögel des „Museum Heineanum.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/416/mode/1up","Coloburis rufiventris"],["12437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rufiventris rufiventris","(Heine, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.42 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai, Halmahera, Kasiruta, Bacan, Moti, and Damar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2657837",null,null,"unknown; Batjan designated by Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, pp. 13, 57.","Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Vögel des „Museum Heineanum.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/416/mode/1up","Coloburis rufiventris"],["12438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rufiventris obiensis","(Hachisuka, 1935)","The birds of the Philippine Islands, with notes on the mammal fauna vol.2 pt4 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi Island (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B7423E4",null,null,"Obi.",null,null,"Pitta rufiventris obiensis"],["12439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rufiventris cyanonota","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"Ternate Island (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B205925",null,null,"Ternate.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/449/mode/1up","Pitta cyanonota"],["12440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rufiventris bernsteini","(Junge, 1958)","Ardea 48 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Gebe Island (east of Halmahera)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C75EE0F3",null,null,"Gebe.","Pitta erythrogaster bernsteini nov. subspec..","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1286","Pitta erythrogaster bernsteini"],["12441","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rubrinucha","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.187","South Moluccan Pitta","South Moluccan Pitta","South Moluccan Pitta","2025-0881","The <em>Erythropitta erythrogaster </em>complex is treated as 8 species based on a combination of morphological (Collar et al. 2015) and genetic evidence, mostly from mitochondrial DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2013). Six polytypic species are recognized: <em>E. erythrogaster</em> (including <em>inspeculata, propinqua, yairocho</em>, and <em>thompsoni</em>); <em>E. celebensis</em> (including <em>caeruleitorques </em>and <em>palliceps</em>); <em>E. rufiventris </em>(including <em>cyanonota, bernsteini</em>, and <em>obiensis</em>); <em>E. rubrinucha</em> (including <em>piroensis</em>); <em>E. macklotii</em> (including <em>digglesi, oblita, loriae, finschii</em>, and <em>habenichti</em>); and <em>E. novaehibernicae</em> (including <em>gazellae, splendida</em>, and <em>extima</em>), with the remaining two species being the monotypic <em>E. dohertyi</em> and <em>E. meeki</em>. Species delimitation in this complex remains open to change, and future additions of genomic and phenotypic datasets may lead to further splits or lumps.","montane Buru and Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656434","sompit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sompit1","avibase-C4ADD256",null,null,"Buru.","Descriptions of Three New Species of Pitta from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/229/mode/1up","Pitta rubrinucha"],["12442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rubrinucha rubrinucha","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2ECC564",null,null,"Buru.","Descriptions of Three New Species of Pitta from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/229/mode/1up","Pitta rubrinucha"],["12443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta rubrinucha piroensis","(Muir & Kershaw, 1910)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram Island (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4A58550",null,null,"Piru, Ceram.","A new bird from the island of Ceram, Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/87/mode/1up","Pitta piroensis"],["12444","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta macklotii","(Temminck, 1834)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.92, vol.2 pl.547","Papuan Pitta","Papuan Pitta","Papuan Pitta","2025-1182","Taxon <em>habenichti </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Erythropitta macklotii</em> pending further research. Sometimes considered a distinct species based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Irestedt et al. 2013), but plumage differences are minor (although becoming more pronounced in mature male birds, complicating diagnosis), and <em>habenichti </em>intergrades with subspecies <em>loriae</em>. Further research using genomic DNA would be informative and may reveal the reason for incongruence in mtDNA and plumage traits in <em>habenichti</em>.","tropical rainforest, bamboo and riparian thickets of New Guinea and many satellites, including D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago, and northeastern Cape York Peninsula (northern Queensland, northeastern Australia); Australian birds winter northward to New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656444","pappit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pappit1","avibase-1BE5E2E3",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/449/mode/1up","Pitta Macklotii"],["12445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta macklotii finschii","(Ramsay, 1884)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.9, pt.3 p.864",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough and Fergusson, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea); recent sight records from Normanby Island probably also refer to this species",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26846188",null,null,"Astrolabe Range, New Guinea; error for Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago, fide Hartert, 1895, Novit. Zool., 2, p. 61.","Descriptions of two new species of Birds from the Australo-Malayan region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30487#page/896/mode/1up","Pitta (Erythropitta) finschii"],["12446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta macklotii macklotii","(Temminck, 1834)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.92, vol.2 pl.547",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9C56EF0",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/449/mode/1up","Pitta Macklotii"],["12447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta macklotii oblita","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"upper Aroa River watershed (southeast New Guinea west of Port Moresby)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-646F1958",null,null,"Averra, upper Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. Albert Meek on the Kumusi river, north-eastern British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/217/mode/1up","Pitta mackloti oblita"],["12448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta macklotii loriae","(Salvadori, 1890)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.29 p.579",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C2C67C6",null,null,"Suau Island, opposite East Cape, S.E. New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94497#page/583/mode/1up","Pitta Loriae"],["12449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta macklotii digglesi","(Krefft, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.19 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland); winters New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D240935D",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.","[Letter of G. Krefft from Australian Museum, Sydney, 29th January, 1869].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/392/mode/1up","Pitta digglesi"],["12450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta macklotii habenichti","(Finsch, 1912)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.102,127",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Weyland Mountains to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C99B31F2",null,null,"Potsdamhafen, northern New Guinea.","Pitta Habenichti Finsch n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/120/mode/1up,127","Pitta Habenichti"],["12451","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta novaehibernicae","(Ramsay, 1878)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.1 p.73","Bismarck Pitta","Bismarck Pitta","Bismarck Pitta","2025-0881","The <em>Erythropitta erythrogaster </em>complex is treated as 8 species based on a combination of morphological (Collar et al. 2015) and genetic evidence, mostly from mitochondrial DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2013). Six polytypic species are recognized: <em>E. erythrogaster</em> (including <em>inspeculata, propinqua, yairocho</em>, and <em>thompsoni</em>); <em>E. celebensis</em> (including <em>caeruleitorques </em>and <em>palliceps</em>); <em>E. rufiventris </em>(including <em>cyanonota, bernsteini</em>, and <em>obiensis</em>); <em>E. rubrinucha</em> (including <em>piroensis</em>); <em>E. macklotii</em> (including <em>digglesi, oblita, loriae, finschii</em>, and <em>habenichti</em>); and <em>E. novaehibernicae</em> (including <em>gazellae, splendida</em>, and <em>extima</em>), with the remaining two species being the monotypic <em>E. dohertyi</em> and <em>E. meeki</em>. Species delimitation in this complex remains open to change, and future additions of genomic and phenotypic datasets may lead to further splits or lumps.","New Ireland and New Britain groups (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/279004902","bispit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bispit1","avibase-D5EA9F63",null,null,"New Ireland.","Descriptions of five species of new Birds, from Torres Straits and New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/93/mode/1up","Pitta novae-hibernicae"],["12452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta novaehibernicae novaehibernicae","(Ramsay, 1878)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80C8B168",null,null,"New Ireland.","Descriptions of five species of new Birds, from Torres Straits and New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/93/mode/1up","Pitta novae-hibernicae"],["12453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta novaehibernicae extima","(Mayr, 1955)","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFE51FBB",null,null,"New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelago.","Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 3, Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Pitta erythrogaster extima"],["12454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta novaehibernicae splendida","(Mayr, 1955)","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Tabar Island (east of New Ireland, northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BE63DCC",null,null,"Tabar Island, Tabar group.","Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 3, Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Pitta erythrogaster splendida"],["12455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta novaehibernicae gazellae","(Neumann, 1908)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain group (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8E796CE",null,null,"Ralum, New Britain.","Die Pitta der Gazelle-Halbinsel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/43/mode/1up","Pitta mackloti gazellae"],["12456","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Erythropitta meeki","(Rothschild, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.6","Louisiade Pitta","Louisiade Pitta","Louisiade Pitta","2025-0881","The <em>Erythropitta erythrogaster </em>complex is treated as 8 species based on a combination of morphological (Collar et al. 2015) and genetic evidence, mostly from mitochondrial DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2013). Six polytypic species are recognized: <em>E. erythrogaster</em> (including <em>inspeculata, propinqua, yairocho</em>, and <em>thompsoni</em>); <em>E. celebensis</em> (including <em>caeruleitorques </em>and <em>palliceps</em>); <em>E. rufiventris </em>(including <em>cyanonota, bernsteini</em>, and <em>obiensis</em>); <em>E. rubrinucha</em> (including <em>piroensis</em>); <em>E. macklotii</em> (including <em>digglesi, oblita, loriae, finschii</em>, and <em>habenichti</em>); and <em>E. novaehibernicae</em> (including <em>gazellae, splendida</em>, and <em>extima</em>), with the remaining two species being the monotypic <em>E. dohertyi</em> and <em>E. meeki</em>. Species delimitation in this complex remains open to change, and future additions of genomic and phenotypic datasets may lead to further splits or lumps.","Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656460","loupit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/loupit1","avibase-8142EBD5",null,null,"Rossel Island.","[Description of a new Pitta].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/526/mode/1up","Pitta meeki"],["12457","genus","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.960",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Paludicola Nipalensis [Hodgson]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/476/mode/1up","Hydrornis"],["12458","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis phayrei","(Blyth, 1862)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 31, no.3 p.343","Eared Pitta","Eared Pitta","Eared Pitta",null,null,"Bangladesh to Myanmar, Thailand, southern China, southern Cambodia, and central Annam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698599","earpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/earpit1","avibase-C47B5627",null,null,"Tounghoo, Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, February, 1862.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114386#page/417/mode/1up","Anthocincla Phayrei"],["12459","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis caeruleus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.301","Giant Pitta","Giant Pitta","Giant Pitta",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, southwestern Sumatra (at least formerly), and northern and central Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698614","giapit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giapit1","avibase-B8FF6A4A",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/333/mode/1up","Myiothera caerulea"],["12460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis caeruleus caeruleus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-982390FD",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/333/mode/1up","Myiothera caerulea"],["12461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis caeruleus hosei","(Stuart Baker, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AE08E11",null,null,"Mount Dulit, Sarawak.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/158/mode/1up","Pitta coerulea hosei"],["12462","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis schneideri","(Hartert, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.9","Schneider's Pitta","Schneider's Pitta","Schneider's Pitta",null,null,"primary forest of montane Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698611","schpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schpit1","avibase-38162B46",null,null,"Batak Mountains, upper Deli, North Sumatra.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/277/mode/1up","Pitta schneideri"],["12463","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis soror","(Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.19 p.496","Blue-rumped Pitta","Blue-rumped Pitta","Blue-rumped Pitta",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, and fan palm forest on steep slopes or craggy limestone, from south-central China (including Hainan) southward to Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698605","blrpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blrpit1","avibase-AC3A8E40",null,null,"Saigon, Cochinchina.","[Letter from Aldershot, June 10th, 1881].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/554/mode/1up","Pitta (Hydrornis) soror"],["12464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis soror tonkinensis","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Guangxi) and northern Vietnam (central Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6617678",null,null,"Backan, Tonkin.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/195/mode/1up","Pitta douglasi tonkinensis"],["12465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis soror douglasi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Abstract no.81 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (Seven Finger Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-888AEEB7",null,null,"Seven Finger Mountains, Hainan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98497#page/766/mode/1up","Pitta douglasi"],["12466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis soror petersi","(Delacour, 1934)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tonkin, northern Annam, and central Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7C7DC7C",null,null,"Phuqui, North Annam. Not Pitta versicolor intermedia Mathews, 1912.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/133/mode/1up","Pitta soror petersi"],["12467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis soror soror","(Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.19 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Laos and Vietnam (southern Annam and Cochinchina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A17C992",null,null,"Saigon, Cochinchina.","[Letter from Aldershot, June 10th, 1881].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/554/mode/1up","Pitta (Hydrornis) soror"],["12468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis soror flynnstonei","(Rozendaal, 1993)","Dutch Birding 15 p.17-22",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8664B24E",null,null,"Khao Soi Dao Tai, 4800 ft, Pong Nam Ron district, Chanthaburi Province, south-eastern Thailand, co-ordinates 12:56N, 102:12E","New subspecies of Blue-rumped Pitta from southern Indochina.","https://www.dutchbirding.nl/journal/pdf/DB_1993_15_1.pdf#page=21","Pitta soror flynnstonei"],["12469","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.103","Blue-naped Pitta","Blue-naped Pitta","Blue-naped Pitta",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill tropical secondary forest, bamboo, and swamp-forest, from eastern Nepal eastward through Himalayan foothills to northern Vietnam and adjacent southern China, and southward to northern Thailand and central Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698602","blnpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnpit1","avibase-1026AAFD",null,null,"Nepal.","On three new Genera or sub-Genera of long-legged Thrushes, with descriptions of their species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/151/mode/1up","Paludicola Nipalensis"],["12470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis nipalensis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (central Nepal to southeastern Tibet, northeastern India, and Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FC6035C",null,null,"Nepal.","On three new Genera or sub-Genera of long-legged Thrushes, with descriptions of their species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/151/mode/1up","Paludicola Nipalensis"],["12471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis nipalensis hendeei","(Bangs & Van Tyne, 1931)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 18, no.3 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan and southwestern Guangxi) to northern Vietnam and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E5EA2F9",null,null,"Muong-moun, Tonkin [Tu?n Giáo District of Ði?n Biên Province in Northwestern Vietnam]","Birds of the Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition to French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21053#page/41/mode/1up","Pitta nepalensis hendeei"],["12472","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis oatesi","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.477","Rusty-naped Pitta","Rusty-naped Pitta","Rusty-naped Pitta",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane dense primary and secondary forest, from northern Myanmar eastward to northern Vietnam and southern China, and southward to southern Vietnam and peninsula Malaysia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698608","runpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runpit1","avibase-0C0DB1B2",null,null,"Toungoo district, Upper Pegu.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/505/mode/1up","Hydrornis Oatesi"],["12473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis oatesi oatesi","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to northeastern Laos and southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-699D0990",null,null,"Toungoo district, Upper Pegu.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/505/mode/1up","Hydrornis Oatesi"],["12474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis oatesi castaneiceps","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan) to central Laos and northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-954B1CD1",null,null,"Chapa, Tonkin.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Pitta oatesi castaneiceps"],["12475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis oatesi bolovenensis","(Delacour, 1932)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos and southern Annam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3F703A1",null,null,"Thateng, Bolovens Plateau.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/432/mode/1up","Pitta oatesi bolovenensis"],["12476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis oatesi deborah","(King, 1978)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 98 p.110 [110-112]",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF28B267",null,null,"Fraser's Hill, 1,200 m., 3° 43' N, 101° 44' E, Ulu Tranum Forest Reserve, Main Range, Pahang.","A new race of Pitta oatesi from peninsular Malaysia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/144/mode/1up","Pitta oatesi deborah"],["12477","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis cyaneus","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1008","Blue Pitta","Blue Pitta","Blue Pitta",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill forest and bamboo, often with steep ravines, and in limestone forest, from northeastern India and eastern Bangladesh, and eastward to central Vietnam, thence southward to peninsular Thailand and Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698617","blupit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blupit1","avibase-37815E0C",null,null,"Arracan [= Arakan]","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/524/mode/1up","Pitta cyanea"],["12478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis cyaneus cyaneus","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1008",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bangladesh, northeastern India, southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-261187A8",null,null,"Arracan [= Arakan]","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/524/mode/1up","Pitta cyanea"],["12479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis cyaneus aurantiacus","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Cambodia and southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FC99962",null,null,"Bokor, Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/170/mode/1up","Pitta cyanea aurantiaca"],["12480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis cyaneus willoughbyi","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Laos to southern Annam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-314D5995",null,null,"Xiengkhouang, Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/46/mode/1up","Pitta cyanea willoughbyi"],["12481","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis elliotii","(Oustalet, 1874)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 10, fasc.4 p.101, pl.2","Bar-bellied Pitta","Bar-bellied Pitta","Bar-bellied Pitta",null,null,"far southeastern Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698625","babpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babpit1","avibase-1F56AB5C",null,null,"Cochinchina.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de brève (Pitta).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49424#page/367/mode/1up","Pitta elliotii"],["12482","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis gurneyi","(Hume, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3 p.296 pl.3","Gurney's Pitta","Gurney's Pitta","Gurney's Pitta",null,null,"far southern Myanmar (southern Tenasserim); formerly also peninsular Thailand, where now may be extinct",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698628","gurpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gurpit1","avibase-F79F5251",null,null,"southern Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/324/mode/1up","Pitta Gurneyi"],["12483","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis baudii","(Müller & Schlegel, 1839)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.10,15 pl.2","Blue-headed Pitta","Blue-headed Pitta","Blue-headed Pitta",null,null,"primary lowland forest of Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698631","blhpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhpit1","avibase-3211B67B",null,null,"South Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/320/mode/1up","Pitta baudii"],["12484","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis schwaneri","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.256","Bornean Banded Pitta","Bornean Banded-Pitta","Bornean Banded Pitta",null,null,"Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736530","banpit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banpit4","avibase-90ED68D3",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/406/mode/1up","Pitta schwaneri"],["12485","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis guajanus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.146","Javan Banded Pitta","Javan Banded-Pitta","Javan Banded Pitta",null,null,"Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736518","banpit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banpit2","avibase-FA65A7F3",null,null,"'Guajana'; corrected to Banjuwangi, eastern Java, by Kloss, 1926, Journ. Mai. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc, 4, p. 161.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/166/mode/1up","Turdus Guajanus"],["12486","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Hydrornis irena","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 text to pl.591 (not figured)","Malayan Banded Pitta","Malayan Banded-Pitta","Malay Banded Pitta",null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736523","banpit3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banpit3","avibase-6B071C03",null,null,"Sumatra; restricted to northern Sumatra by Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 333.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/436/mode/1up","Pitta irena"],["12487","genus","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus brachyurus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Corvus brachyurus Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f48.item","Pitta"],["12488","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta reichenowi","Madarász, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.133","Green-breasted Pitta","Green-breasted Pitta","Green-breasted Pitta",null,null,"patchy in foothill primary and old secondary forest with dense understory, from southern Cameroon eastward to eastern Uganda, and southward to Republic of the Congo and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698676","grbpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbpit1","avibase-C43C7532",null,null,"Middle Congo River, above Stanley Pool.","Beschreibung einer neuen Pitta von Mittel-Afrika : Pitta reichenowi n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/151/mode/1up","Pitta reichenowi"],["12489","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta angolensis","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.356","African Pitta","African Pitta","African Pitta",null,null,"semi-deciduous to evergreen forest, swampy thickets, semi-humid forest, and woodland from Sierra Leone and adjacent Guinea, Liberia, and western Ghana southward to northern Angola, and in northeastern Mozambique and adjacent Tanzania southward to southern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique; this population winters to the north in southern Central African Republic, eastward across northern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northern Tanzania and southernmost Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698671","afrpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrpit1","avibase-373286B2",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/374/mode/1up","Pitta angolensis"],["12490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta angolensis pulih","Fraser, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.119 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea to western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E250EC65",null,null,"Port Lokkoh, Sierra Leone.","On two New Species of Birds from Western Africa, belonging to the genera Strix and Pitta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/342/mode/1up","Pitta Pulih"],["12491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta angolensis angolensis","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Cameroon to Gabon, northwestern Angola, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17C8473C",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/374/mode/1up","Pitta angolensis"],["12492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta angolensis longipennis","Reichenow, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"intratropical migrant (southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to eastern South Africa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E742165E",null,null,"Ipiana, north of Lake Nyasa.","Pitta longipennis Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/135/mode/1up","Pitta longipennis"],["12493","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta brachyura","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.158","Indian Pitta","Indian Pitta","Indian Pitta",null,null,"widespread Indian subcontinent",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698681","indpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indpit1","avibase-DE63114F",null,null,"'Moluccas,' error for Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/162/mode/1up","Corvus brachyurus"],["12494","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta moluccensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.144","Blue-winged Pitta","Blue-winged Pitta","Blue-winged Pitta",null,null,"breeds southeastern Asia from southeastern Myanmar and southern Yunnan (southwestern China) eastward to Vietnam and southward to northern Malayan Peninsula; winters to Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698688","blwpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwpit1","avibase-AA127B89",null,null,"Moluccas; error, emended to Tenasserim, by Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, 7, p. 296; further emended to Malacca by Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 226, p. 98.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/164/mode/1up","Turdus Moluccensis"],["12495","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta megarhyncha","Schlegel, 1863","De vogels van Nederlandsch Indië p.11 pl.4 fig.2","Mangrove Pitta","Mangrove Pitta","Mangrove Pitta",null,null,"southern Bangladesh to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka Island, and Riau Archipelago",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698691","manpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manpit1","avibase-B882013B",null,null,"Bangka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50394#page/15/mode/1up","Pitta megarhyncha"],["12496","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta nympha","Temminck & Schlegel, 1850","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.135 Append.suppl.pl.A","Fairy Pitta","Fairy Pitta","Fairy Pitta",null,null,"breeds southeastern China, South Korea (Jeju Island at least), and southern Japan (southern Honshu to Kyushu); winters to southeastern Asia and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698684","faipit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faipit1","avibase-0ECBA406",null,null,"Korea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/145/mode/1up","Pitta nympha"],["12497","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta abbotti","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.298","Nicobar Hooded Pitta","Nicobar Hooded Pitta",null,"2025-0871","<em>Pitta sordida</em> is split into 5 species based on a combination of genomic and bioacoustic data (Ericson et al. 2019): monotypic <em>P.</em> <em>abbotti; monotypic P. forsteni; monotypic P. rosenbergii;</em> polytypic <em>P.</em> <em>sordida; </em>and polytypic <em>P. novaeguineae</em>. Further splits may be warranted in the<em> P. sordida</em> group, as <em>cucullata </em>is genetically differentiated, despite similarities in song and plumage.","Great and Little Nicobar islands",null,null,null,"hoopit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoopit4","avibase-AC372BCE",null,null,"Great Nicobar.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/332/mode/1up","Pitta abbotti"],["12498","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta sordida","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.143","Western Hooded Pitta","Western Hooded Pitta",null,"2025-0871","<em>Pitta sordida</em> is split into 5 species based on a combination of genomic and bioacoustic data (Ericson et al. 2019): monotypic <em>P.</em> <em>abbotti; monotypic P. forsteni; monotypic P. rosenbergii;</em> polytypic <em>P.</em> <em>sordida; </em>and polytypic <em>P. novaeguineae</em>. Further splits may be warranted in the<em> P. sordida</em> group, as <em>cucullata </em>is genetically differentiated, despite similarities in song and plumage.","lowland to foothill rainforest, second growth with dense understory, and peat-swamp forest, from northern India (northern Haryana) eastward through Himalayan foothills to northern Vietnam, and southward Philippines and Greater Sundas; northern populations migrate to winter in peninsula Malaysia and Greater Sundas",null,null,null,"wehpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wehpit1","avibase-7205A703",null,null,"Philippine Islands",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/163/mode/1up","Turdus sordidus"],["12499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta sordida cucullata","Hartlaub, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayan foothills of northern India eastward to southern China (Yunnan), northern Myanmar and Indochina, southward to Bangladesh, Thailand, and northwestern peninsular Malaysia; winters to southern peninsula Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFCB1B5A",null,null,"Malacca [on migration] .","Note sur les Pitta et description d'une espèce nouvelle de ce genre d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/73/mode/1up","Pitta cucullata"],["12500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta sordida mulleri","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and western Sulu Islands (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC6C9B97",null,null,"Celebes.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/406/mode/1up","Brachyurus (Pitta) Mülleri"],["12501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta sordida bangkana","Schlegel, 1863","De vogels van Nederlandsch Indië p.8 pl.2 fig.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangka and Belitung islands (east of Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-605DDFBE",null,null,"Bangka Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50394#page/12/mode/1up","Pitta bangkana"],["12502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta sordida sordida","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A305C8FC",null,null,"Philippine Islands",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/163/mode/1up","Turdus sordidus"],["12503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta sordida palawanensis","Parkes, 1960","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 73 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan, Culion, Balabac, Calauit, and Busuanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C77FF6DE",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","New subspecies of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/285/mode/1up","Pitta sordida palawanensis"],["12504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta sordida sanghirana","Schlegel, 1866","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe Islands (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C18D2E80",null,null,"Sangir.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/204/mode/1up","Pitta atricapilla sanghirana"],["12505","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta forsteni","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.256","Minahasa Hooded Pitta","Minahasa Hooded Pitta",null,"2025-0871","<em>Pitta sordida</em> is split into 5 species based on a combination of genomic and bioacoustic data (Ericson et al. 2019): monotypic <em>P.</em> <em>abbotti; monotypic P. forsteni; monotypic P. rosenbergii;</em> polytypic <em>P.</em> <em>sordida; </em>and polytypic <em>P. novaeguineae</em>. Further splits may be warranted in the<em> P. sordida</em> group, as <em>cucullata </em>is genetically differentiated, despite similarities in song and plumage.","northern Sulawesi (Minahasa Peninsula)",null,null,null,"hoopit8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoopit8","avibase-A9B27948",null,null,"Tondano, Celebes. (Not Citta Melanocephal. [a] Wagler, 1827.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/406/mode/1up","Brachyurus (Pitta) forsteni"],["12506","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta rosenbergii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.16","Biak Hooded Pitta","Biak Hooded Pitta","Biak Hooded Pitta","2025-0871","<em>Pitta sordida</em> is split into 5 species based on a combination of genomic and bioacoustic data (Ericson et al. 2019): monotypic <em>P.</em> <em>abbotti; monotypic P. forsteni; monotypic P. rosenbergii;</em> polytypic <em>P.</em> <em>sordida; </em>and polytypic <em>P. novaeguineae</em>. Further splits may be warranted in the<em> P. sordida</em> group, as <em>cucullata </em>is genetically differentiated, despite similarities in song and plumage.","Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656912","hoopit11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoopit11","avibase-9699DD8E",null,null,"Soek Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/28/mode/1up","Pitta Rosenbergii"],["12507","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta novaeguineae","Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.19","Eastern Hooded Pitta","Eastern Hooded Pitta","Eastern Hooded Pitta","2025-0871","<em>Pitta sordida</em> is split into 5 species based on a combination of genomic and bioacoustic data (Ericson et al. 2019): monotypic <em>P.</em> <em>abbotti; monotypic P. forsteni; monotypic P. rosenbergii;</em> polytypic <em>P.</em> <em>sordida; </em>and polytypic <em>P. novaeguineae</em>. Further splits may be warranted in the<em> P. sordida</em> group, as <em>cucullata </em>is genetically differentiated, despite similarities in song and plumage.","New Guinea, including Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea), and Karkar islands, and Crown, Long, and Tokokiwa Islands, off the western tip of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103656907","eahpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eahpit1","avibase-0905824C",null,null,"Dorey Harbour, northwestern New Guinea. Preoccupied by Tardus [= Pitta] atricapilla Forster, 1781.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/329/mode/1up","Pitta novae-guineae"],["12508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta novaeguineae goodfellowi","White, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D42EA10",null,null,"Silbattabatta, Aru Islands.","Description of a new race of Pitta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/178/mode/1up","Pitta novaeguineae goodfellowi"],["12509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta novaeguineae mefoorana","Schlegel, 1874","Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement livr.11 Comp. Pitta no.37 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BFC3BB8",null,null,"Mefoor Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51509#page/406/mode/1up","Pitta Novae Guineae Mefoorana"],["12510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta novaeguineae novaeguineae","Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Karkar Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D60826C",null,null,"Dorey Harbour, northwestern New Guinea. Preoccupied by Tardus [= Pitta] atricapilla Forster, 1781.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/329/mode/1up","Pitta novae-guineae"],["12511","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta steerii","(Sharpe, 1876)","Nature 14 p.297","Azure-breasted Pitta","Azure-breasted Pitta","Azure-breasted Pitta",null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698644","azbpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azbpit1","avibase-7B5AEE20",null,null,"Dumalon, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/317/mode/1up","Brachyurus Steerii"],["12512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta steerii coelestis","Parkes, 1971","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 91 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Samar, Leyte, and Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F3B7470",null,null,"Bonga, Samar.","A new subspecies of Pitta from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/133/mode/1up","Pitta steerii coelestis"],["12513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta steerii steerii","(Sharpe, 1876)","Nature 14 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54A15BBF",null,null,"Dumalon, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/317/mode/1up","Brachyurus Steerii"],["12514","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta vigorsii","Gould, 1838","The birds of Australia and the adjacent islands pt.2 pl.[4], with text","Banda Sea Pitta","Banda Sea Pitta","Banda Sea Pitta","2025-0869","Taxa <em>concinna </em>and <em>vigorsii </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Pitta elegans</em> based on bioacoustic evidence, supplemented by plumage differences (Yue et al. 2020).","Seram, Watubela, Banda, Tayandu, Kai, and Tanimbar islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216710483","elepit6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elepit6","avibase-A0DC7F79",null,null,"eastern coast of Australia; error, corrected to Banda by Wallace, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 188.","D:\\birds\\manuscripts\\1838\\Gould Birds Austr. Adj. Isl. Pt.2 nla.obj-185956948.pdf","https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-185956948/view?partId=nla.obj-186003510#page/n16/mode/1up","Pitta vigorsii"],["12515","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta concinna","Gould, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.331 p.65","Ornate Pitta","Ornate Pitta","Ornate Pitta","2025-0869","Taxa <em>concinna </em>and <em>vigorsii </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Pitta elegans</em> based on bioacoustic evidence, supplemented by plumage differences (Yue et al. 2020).","Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Adonara, Lomblen, and Alor islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216710576","elepit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elepit2","avibase-86D1B826",null,null,"Lombok.","Descriptions of three new and very beautiful species of Birds, from Guatemala and from the Island of Lombock.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/77/mode/1up","Pitta concinna"],["12516","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta elegans","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 pl.591","Elegant Pitta","Elegant Pitta","Elegant Pitta","2025-0869","Taxa <em>concinna </em>and <em>vigorsii </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Pitta elegans</em> based on bioacoustic evidence, supplemented by plumage differences (Yue et al. 2020).","disjunctly in lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, coastal swamp forest, and plantations, on Flores Sea islands, Sumba, and on Timor and satellite islands; the latter population migrates northward post-breeding to Sulawesi and Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216710532","elepit7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elepit7","avibase-1267C963",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/457/mode/1up","Pitta elegans"],["12517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta elegans virginalis","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea, Kalaotoa, and Kalao islands (off Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F788DDDC",null,null,"Djampea Island.","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/194/mode/1up","Pitta virginalis"],["12518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta elegans maria","Hartert, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-691AFF8E",null,null,"Sumba Island.","[Description of a new Pachycephala and a new Pitta collected on the Island of Sumba, or Sandalwood].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/341/mode/1up","Pitta maria"],["12519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta elegans elegans","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 pl.591",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Timor and associated islands (Semau, Rote); winters in the Sulawesi region and the central Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A32EAFB2",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/457/mode/1up","Pitta elegans"],["12520","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta maxima","Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.14","Ivory-breasted Pitta","Ivory-breasted Pitta",null,"2025-0870","Taxon <em>morotaiensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pitta maxima</em> based on available evidence. Although vocal differences exist, bioacoustic variation in <em>maxima </em>is pronounced and approaches the call parameters of <em>morotaiensis</em>. Further research to document variability in plumage traits, and the addition of genomic data, would be informative.","Morotai to Obi (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,"ivbpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ivbpit1","avibase-1F85F07D",null,null,"Gilolo [= Halmahera] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/324/mode/1up","Pitta maxima"],["12521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta maxima maxima","Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Bacan, Kasiruta, and Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACA84FE1",null,null,"Gilolo [= Halmahera] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/324/mode/1up","Pitta maxima"],["12522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta maxima morotaiensis","van Bemmel, 1939","Treubia 17, no.2 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai Island (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31AD96DC",null,null,"Minoe-Minoe Ajer, Morotai.","Zwei neue Vögel von der Insel Morotai.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i2.2558","Pitta maxima morotaiensis"],["12523","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta anerythra","Rothschild, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.22","Black-faced Pitta","Black-faced Pitta","Black-faced Pitta",null,null,"northern and central Solomon Archipelago",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698703","blfpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfpit1","avibase-FE28BDF4",null,null,"Ysabel.","[Exhibition and description of new species from Isabel, Solomon Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/278/mode/1up","Pitta anerythra"],["12524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta anerythra pallida","Rothschild, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19E40439",null,null,"Bougainville.","On a new form of Pitta from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/617/mode/1up","Pitta anerythra pallida"],["12525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta anerythra nigrifrons","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Choiseul (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50F04416",null,null,"Choiseul.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Pitta anerythra nigrifrons"],["12526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta anerythra anerythra","Rothschild, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Isabel (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F6977D4",null,null,"Ysabel.","[Exhibition and description of new species from Isabel, Solomon Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/278/mode/1up","Pitta anerythra"],["12527","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta superba","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.106","Superb Pitta","Superb Pitta","Superb Pitta",null,null,"Manus Island (Admiralty Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698640","suppit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suppit1","avibase-19D5681E",null,null,"Manus Island, Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/144/mode/1up","Pitta superba"],["12528","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta iris","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.6) pl.3, with text","Rainbow Pitta","Rainbow Pitta","Rainbow Pitta",null,null,"north-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698697","raipit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/raipit1","avibase-91D71187",null,null,"Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula, northern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/21/mode/1up","Pitta iris"],["12529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta iris iris","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.6) pl.3, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (northern Northern Territory, Tiwi islands, and Groote Eylandt)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F7731C2",null,null,"Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula, northern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/21/mode/1up","Pitta iris"],["12530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta iris johnstoneiana","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (northwestern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45FD2A4A",null,null,"Mt Trafalgar, Prince Regent River Reserve, WA [=Western Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Pitta iris johnstoneiana"],["12531","species","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta versicolor","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.468","Noisy Pitta","Noisy Pitta","Noisy Pitta",null,null,"northern and eastern Australia; partial migrant to south-central New Guinea (Trans-Fly area, where perhaps resident)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698700","noipit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noipit1","avibase-1A23027E",null,null,"'Australasia,' [= New South Wales].","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/500/mode/1up","Pitta versicolor"],["12532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta versicolor simillima","Gould, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Torres Strait islands and eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland); partial migrant to south-central New Guinea (Trans-Fly area, some perhaps resident)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5D6DA64",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","On Two New Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/114/mode/1up","Pitta simillima"],["12533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta versicolor intermedia","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, Clarke-Connors Range, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BAAC347",null,null,"Bellenden Ker, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/322/mode/1up","Pitta versicolor intermedia"],["12534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pittidae","Pittas","Pitta versicolor versicolor","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (southeastern Queensland to southern New South Wales coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8755D06",null,null,"'Australasia,' [= New South Wales].","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/500/mode/1up","Pitta versicolor"],["12535","family","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipridae",null,null,"Manakins","Manakins","Manakins",null,null,null,null,null,null,"piprid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piprid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12536","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Protopelma","van Els, Harvey, Capurucho et al., 2023","Zootaxa 5361, no.1 p.135-141",null,null,null,"2026-028","Neopelma chrysolophum is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Protopelma</em> as <em>P. chrysolophum</em> based on genomic DNA evidence. Harvey et al. (2020) demonstrate that <em>P. chrysolophum</em> is deeply diverged from <em>Neopelma</em> and <em>Tyranneutes</em> thus warranting its placement in a separate genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Neopelma aurifrons chrysolophum [Pinto, 1944]",null,"Systematics of the Neopelminae (Aves: Passeriformes: Pipridae) with description of a new genus","https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5361.1.8","Protopelma"],["12537","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Protopelma chrysolophum","(Pinto, 1944)","Catálogo das aves do Brasil: e lista dos exemplares existentes na coleção do Departamento de Zoologia. 2a Parte: Ordem Passeriformes (continuação): Superfamilia Tyrannoidea e Subordem Passeres pt2 p.100","Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin","Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin","Serra do Mar Tyrant-manakin","2026-028","Neopelma chrysolophum is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Protopelma</em> as <em>P. chrysolophum</em> based on genomic DNA evidence. Harvey et al. (2020) demonstrate that <em>P. chrysolophum</em> is deeply diverged from <em>Neopelma</em> and <em>Tyranneutes</em> thus warranting its placement in a separate genus.","southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and eastern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724481","sdmman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sdmman1","avibase-83354540",null,null,"Sin localidad típica (indicada; el tipo proviene de Minas Gerais, Brasil según Hellmayr, 1929: 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180073#page/128/mode/1up","Neopelma aurifrons chrysolophum"],["12538","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Tyranneutes","Sclater & Salvin, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.18 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyranneutes brachyurus [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1881]; type by monotypy = Pipra virescens von Pelzeln, 1868  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/314/mode/1up","Tyranneutes"],["12539","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Tyranneutes virescens","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.128,187","Tiny Tyrant-Manakin","Tiny Tyrant-Manakin","Tiny Tyrant-manakin",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701200","titman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/titman1","avibase-714DF6EC",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro [= Manaus], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/197/mode/1up","Pipra virescens"],["12540","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Tyranneutes stolzmanni","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.21 p.44","Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin","Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin","Dwarf Tyrant-manakin",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701195","dwtman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwtman1","avibase-3992E426",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.","A Revision of the Species of the Genus Pipra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/90/mode/1up","Pipra stolzmanni"],["12541","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Neopelma","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Muscicapa aurifrons [zu Wied, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/581/mode/1up","Neopelma"],["12542","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Neopelma aurifrons","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.829","Wied's Tyrant-Manakin","Wied's Tyrant-Manakin","Wied's Tyrant-manakin",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701188","witman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/witman1","avibase-5937195C",null,null,"Camamu, southern Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/851/mode/1up","Muscicapa aurifrons"],["12543","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Neopelma pallescens","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.57","Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin","Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin","Pale-bellied Tyrant-manakin",null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil; central and eastern Brazil to northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701183","pbtman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pbtman1","avibase-A0796435",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/65/mode/1up","Tyrannula pallescens"],["12544","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Neopelma chrysocephalum","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.125,185","Saffron-crested Tyrant-Manakin","Saffron-crested Tyrant-Manakin","Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701173","sctman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctman1","avibase-CBFD1721",null,null,"San Carlos, Marabitanas and Río Içanna; type from San Carlos, Río Negro, Venezuela, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/195/mode/1up","Heteropelma chrysocephalum"],["12545","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Neopelma sulphureiventer","(Hellmayr, 1903)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.202","Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-Manakin","Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-Manakin","Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin",null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701178","sbtman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbtman1","avibase-AC2FFCAC",null,null,"[Villa Bella de] Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/210/mode/1up","Scotothorus sulphureiventer"],["12546","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ilicura","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxiii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipra militaris [Shaw, 1809]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 55).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/149/mode/1up","Ilicura"],["12547","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ilicura militaris","(Shaw, 1809)","The naturalist's miscellany 20 pl.849,text","Pin-tailed Manakin","Pin-tailed Manakin","Pin-tailed Manakin",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to Paraná and eastern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701090","pitman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitman1","avibase-CFCE5A44",null,null,"South America; vicinity of Rio de Janeiro proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 60.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126878#page/129/mode/1up","Pipra militaris"],["12548","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Masius","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pipra chrysoptera [Lafresnaye, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/285/mode/1up","Masius"],["12549","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Masius chrysopterus","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.97","Golden-winged Manakin","Golden-winged Manakin","Golden-winged Manakin",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southwestern Ecuador and northeastern Peru; in northwestern Ecuador also in isolated Chindul mountains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701087","gowman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowman1","avibase-2F4691A7",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/105/mode/1up","Pipra chrysoptera"],["12550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Masius chrysopterus bellus","Hartert & Hellmayr, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes to western side of central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B48B3DD",null,null,"Riolima, 4,000 ft., Valle del Cauca, Colombia.","Über die Pipriden-Gattung Masius Bp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/53/mode/1up","Masius chrysopterus bellus"],["12551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Masius chrysopterus pax","Meyer de Schauensee, 1952","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 104 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Colombia (eastern Nariño) and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-305F63B1",null,null,"Cerro Pax, east slope of Andes of Nariño, near headwaters of Río San Miguel, Colombia.","Colombian Zoological Survey. Part X. A collection of birds from Southeastern Nariño, Colombia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064456","Masius chrysopterus pax"],["12552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Masius chrysopterus coronulatus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (southwestern Cauca and Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D75DDF4",null,null,"Nanegal, Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/129/mode/1up","Masius coronulatus"],["12553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Masius chrysopterus chrysopterus","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01A421A7",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/105/mode/1up","Pipra chrysoptera"],["12554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Masius chrysopterus peruvianus","Carriker, 1934","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 86 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northern Peru (northern Cajamarca and northern San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C79F317",null,null,"Chaupe, 6,000 ft., Jaen, Cajamarca, Peru.","Description of new Birds from Peru, with notes on the nomenclature and status of other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064152","Masius chrysopterus peruvianus"],["12555","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Corapipo","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipra gutturalis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/8/mode/1up","Corapipo"],["12556","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Corapipo gutturalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.340","White-throated Manakin","White-throated Manakin","White-throated Manakin",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701093","whtman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtman1","avibase-EA5755E6",null,null,"in America; Cayenne proposed by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 138.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/344/mode/1up","[Pipra] gutturalis"],["12557","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Corapipo leucorrhoa","(Sclater, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.63 pl.10","White-bibbed Manakin","White-bibbed Manakin",null,"2025-0335","Taxon <em>altera </em>(polytypic, including <em>heteroleuca</em>) is split from <em>Corapipo leucorrhoa </em>based on differences in length of the outermost primary. Further research is required to determine if differences in primary structure are related to differences in display sounds, and whether these elicit species-specific responses. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) show only modest divergence between <em>altera</em> and <em>leucorrhoa</em>.","foothills of western Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,"whbman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbman2","avibase-AE0C6B0E",null,null,"New Granada [= Colombia]; restricted to Bucaramanga, Santander (D. W. S.).","On a New Species of the Genus Pipra, from New Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/105/mode/1up","Pipra leucorrhoa"],["12558","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Corapipo altera","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.84","White-ruffed Manakin","White-ruffed Manakin",null,"2025-0335","Taxon <em>altera </em>(polytypic, including <em>heteroleuca</em>) is split from <em>Corapipo leucorrhoa </em>based on differences in length of the outermost primary. Further research is required to determine if differences in primary structure are related to differences in display sounds, and whether these elicit species-specific responses. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) show only modest divergence between <em>altera</em> and <em>leucorrhoa</em>.","humid forest and edge from foothills to highlands of northeastern Honduras through both slopes in Costa Rica and Panama and southward through northern Chocó of Colombia; some movement to lower elevations in winter",null,null,null,"whrman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrman1","avibase-DED4C1C1",null,null,"Carrillo, Costa Rica.","Exhibition of seven new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/110/mode/1up","Corapipo leucorrhoa altera"],["12559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Corapipo altera altera","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras (Olancho) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD159590",null,null,"Carrillo, Costa Rica.","Exhibition of seven new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/110/mode/1up","Corapipo leucorrhoa altera"],["12560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Corapipo altera heteroleuca","Hellmayr, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59EA25D1",null,null,"Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama.","Descriptions of two new races of Neotropical birds from Chiriqui and British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/359/mode/1up","Corapipo leucorrhoa heteroleuca"],["12561","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.235",null,null,null,"2025-1076","Genus <em>Antilophia </em>is merged into genus <em>Chiroxiphia </em>following genomic evidence by Harvey et al. (2020), Leite et al. (2021), and Zhao et al. (2022), an arrangement also supported by multilocus DNA data (Silva et al. 2018).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipra caudata [Shaw, 1793]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 55).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/243/mode/1up","Chiroxiphia"],["12562","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia boliviana","Allen, 1889","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.7 p.87","Yungas Manakin","Yungas Manakin","Yungas Manakin",null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco, southern Madre de Dios, and Puno) and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701080","yunman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yunman1","avibase-3B0EF11C",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia; restricted to Apolo, La Paz (D. W. S.).","List of the birds collected in Bolivia by Dr. H. H. Rusby, with field notes by the collector.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1649","Chiroxiphia pareola boliviana"],["12563","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia caudata","(Shaw, 1793)","The naturalist's miscellany 5, no.3 pl.153","Blue Manakin","Swallow-tailed Manakin","Blue Manakin",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701083","swtman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swtman1","avibase-182E9FE2",null,null,"in warmer parts of South America; Rio de Janeiro proposed by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 86.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124541#page/43/mode/1up","Pipra caudata"],["12564","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia galeata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.28","Helmeted Manakin","Helmeted Manakin","Helmeted Manakin","2025-1076","Genus <em>Antilophia </em>is merged into genus <em>Chiroxiphia </em>following genomic evidence by Harvey et al. (2020), Leite et al. (2021), and Zhao et al. (2022), an arrangement also supported by multilocus DNA data (Silva et al. 2018).","tableland of interior southern Brazil to northeastern Bolivia and northeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701068","helman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helman1","avibase-51BCAA08",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/48/mode/1up","Pipra galeata"],["12565","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia bokermanni","(Coelho & Silva, 1998)","Ararajuba 6 p.81-84","Araripe Manakin","Araripe Manakin","Araripe Manakin","2025-1076","Genus <em>Antilophia </em>is merged into genus <em>Chiroxiphia </em>following genomic evidence by Harvey et al. (2020), Leite et al. (2021), and Zhao et al. (2022), an arrangement also supported by multilocus DNA data (Silva et al. 2018).","eastern Brazil (Chapada do Araripe in Ceará)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728410","araman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/araman1","avibase-2AC6282B",null,null,"Nascente do Farias, 07 20 S, 39 25 W, Chapada do Araripe, municipality of Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil.","A new species of Antilophia (Passeriformes: Pipridae) from Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, Brazil.","http://www.revbrasilornitol.com.br/BJO/article/view/0901","Antilophia bokermanni"],["12566","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia pareola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.339","Blue-backed Manakin","Blue-backed Manakin","Blue-backed Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest in Tobago and the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela, northernmost Brazil and the Guianas southward across the eastern Amazon basin to south-central Brazil, in northern Mato Grosso and to the Cerrado of western Tocantins and eastern Mato Grosso; in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia; and in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil, in Rio Grande do Norte southward to northern Espírito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701077","blbman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbman1","avibase-F9CEDB91",null,null,"Brasilia, Cayana; restricted to Cayenne by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/343/mode/1up","[Pipra] pareola"],["12567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia pareola atlantica","de Dalmas, 1900","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 13 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB8167FD",null,null,"Tobago.","Note sur une collection d'oiseaux de l'île de Tobago (mer des Antilles).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38549#page/167/mode/1up","Chiroxiphia pareola atlantica"],["12568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia pareola pareola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and eastern Amazonian Brazil (Roraima, Óbidos, and right bank of Rio Tapajós eastward to Maranhão and southward to Mato Grosso and southeastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF8A2296",null,null,"Brasilia, Cayana; restricted to Cayenne by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/343/mode/1up","[Pipra] pareola"],["12569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia pareola regina","Sclater, 1856","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Peru (south of the Amazon River) and western Amazonian Brazil mostly south of the Amazon River (eastward to lower Rio Tapajós; recorded also north of the Amazon River at two sites west of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C9B04C7",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/511/mode/1up","Chiroxiphia regina"],["12570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia pareola napensis","Miller, 1908","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24, art.19 p.338 pl.25,lowerfig.",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia (east of the Andes) to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-526446EB",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","A review of the Manakins of the genus Chiroxiphia.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1955","Chiroxiphia napensis"],["12571","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia lanceolata","(Wagler, 1830)","Isis von Oken 23, heft 9 col.931","Lance-tailed Manakin","Lance-tailed Manakin","Lance-tailed Manakin",null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to northern Colombia and northern Venezuela, including Isla Margarita",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701074","latman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latman1","avibase-1987669E",null,null,"Guiana sive Cajenna; error, region of Cerro Turumiquire, Sucre, Venezuela, proposed by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12(75), p. 137.","Revisio generis Pipra","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/492/mode/1up","Pipra lanceolata"],["12572","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chiroxiphia linearis","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.113","Long-tailed Manakin","Long-tailed Manakin","Long-tailed Manakin",null,null,"Pacific lowlands from southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701071","lotman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotman1","avibase-F4A5EA23",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca (J. T. Z.).","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/285/mode/1up","Pipra linearis"],["12573","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Xenopipo","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Xenopipo atronitens [Cabanis, 1847]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/243/mode/1up","Xenopipo"],["12574","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Xenopipo atronitens","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.235","Black Manakin","Black Manakin","Black Manakin",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Bolivia, and southern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701125","blaman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaman1","avibase-DB094E7D",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/243/mode/1up","Xenopipo atronitens"],["12575","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Xenopipo uniformis","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.447","Olive Manakin","Olive Manakin","Olive Manakin",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701134","oliman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliman2","avibase-85CE32B1",null,null,"Mount Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/501/mode/1up","Chloropipo uniformis"],["12576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Xenopipo uniformis duidae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-219F9833",null,null,"Savanna Hills, 4,400 ft., tableland of Cerro Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Chloropipo uniformis duidae"],["12577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Xenopipo uniformis uniformis","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of western Guyana and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B936EA4E",null,null,"Mount Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/501/mode/1up","Chloropipo uniformis"],["12578","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chloropipo","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chloropipo flavicollis [Cabanis & Heine Sr, 1860]; type by original designation = Pipra flavicapilla P.L. Sclater, 1852",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/98/mode/1up","Chloropipo"],["12579","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chloropipo flavicapilla","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.9","Yellow-headed Manakin","Yellow-headed Manakin","Yellow-headed Manakin",null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and northeastern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701147","yehman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yehman2","avibase-05596C5C",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia] .","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/15/mode/1up","Pipra flavicapilla"],["12580","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Chloropipo unicolor","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.335","Jet Manakin","Jet Manakin","Jet Manakin",null,null,"east slope of Andes from eastern Ecuador (Napo) to southern Peru (Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701128","jetman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jetman2","avibase-3E3BA0AA",null,null,"Amable Maria, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/345/mode/1up","Chloropipo unicolor"],["12581","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Cryptopipo","Ohlson, Fjeldså & Ericson, 2013","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69.3 (2013) 796-804",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chloropipo holochlora [Sclater, PL, 1888]; type by original designation",null,"Molecular phylogeny of the manakins (Ayes: Passeriformes: Pipridae), with a new classification and the description of a new genus.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247156438","Cryptopipo"],["12582","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Cryptopipo holochlora","(Sclater, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 14 p.287","Green Manakin","Green Manakin","Green Manakin","2025-0334","Taxon <em>litae </em>is split from <em>Cryptopipo holochlora </em>based on its distinctive vocalizations (Boesman 2016xx) and deep genomic divergence (Harvey et al. 2020).","humid foothill forest in the base of the eastern Andes from northeastern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru (Puno); in Ecuador down to adjacent tropical rainforest",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103676429","greman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greman2","avibase-A0E54EB9",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34363#page/311/mode/1up","Chloropipo holochlora"],["12583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Cryptopipo holochlora holochlora","(Sclater, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 14 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru (south to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5947B217",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34363#page/311/mode/1up","Chloropipo holochlora"],["12584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Cryptopipo holochlora viridior","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of southeastern Peru (Cusco and northwestern Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-519E0D80",null,null,"La Pampa, southeastern Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Chloropipo holochlora viridior"],["12585","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Cryptopipo litae","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.325","Choco Manakin","Choco Manakin","Choco Manakin","2025-0334","Taxon <em>litae </em>is split from <em>Cryptopipo holochlora </em>based on its distinctive vocalizations (Boesman 2016xx) and deep genomic divergence (Harvey et al. 2020).","humid forest of lowlands and hills from Darién (far eastern Panama) through western Colombia, including the Macarena Mountains, to far northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103676467","grnman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnman1","avibase-DFF33128",null,null,"Lita, 3,000 ft., Imbabura, Ecuador.","Critical notes on the types of little-known species of Neotropical birds. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/339/mode/1up","Chloropipo holochlora litae"],["12586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Cryptopipo litae suffusa","(Griscom, 1932)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Darién) and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDDD1EBB",null,null,"Obaldia, Caribbean slope, eastern Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/450/mode/1up","Chloropipo holochlora suffusa"],["12587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Cryptopipo litae litae","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador (south to Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F09D811",null,null,"Lita, 3,000 ft., Imbabura, Ecuador.","Critical notes on the types of little-known species of Neotropical birds. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/339/mode/1up","Chloropipo holochlora litae"],["12588","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipra cyanocapilla [Hahn, 1826]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 147). = Pipra coronata von Spix, 1825",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/8/mode/1up","Lepidothrix"],["12589","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix serena","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.340","White-fronted Manakin","White-fronted Manakin","White-fronted Manakin",null,null,"southeastern Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701027","whfman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfman1","avibase-33C4A8B0",null,null,"Cayenne and Surinam; Crique Ipoucin, Fleuve Approuague, French Guiana, proposed as restricted type locality (D. W. S.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/344/mode/1up","[Pipra] serena"],["12590","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix suavissima","(Salvin & Godman, 1882)","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.79 pl.1","Orange-bellied Manakin","Orange-bellied Manakin","Orange-bellied Manakin",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela to northern Guyana and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701020","orbman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbman1","avibase-1717C993",null,null,"Merume Mountains and Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/111/mode/1up","Pipra suavissima"],["12591","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.271","Cerulean-capped Manakin","Cerulean-capped Manakin","Cerulean-capped Manakin",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (southern Huánuco to Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701062","cecman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cecman1","avibase-F4236ACB",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Montanas of Vitoc, Junín by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 22.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/279/mode/1up","P[ipra] coeruleo-capilla"],["12592","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix isidorei","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.9","Blue-rumped Manakin","Blue-rumped Manakin","Blue-rumped Manakin",null,null,"humid foothills forest in the eastern base of the Andes from northeastern Colombia, in southwestern Casanare, southward to northeastern Peru, in Huanuco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701056","blrman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blrman1","avibase-7BAF5701",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia]; amended to Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Meta (D. W. S.).","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/15/mode/1up","Pipra isidorei"],["12593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix isidorei isidorei","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern side of eastern Andes in Colombia (southward from Boyacá), eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru (northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4219E34F",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia]; amended to Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Meta (D. W. S.).","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/15/mode/1up","Pipra isidorei"],["12594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix isidorei leucopygia","(Hellmayr, 1903)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru on eastern side of central Andes (southern Amazonas, San Martín, and northern Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2E0ECF2",null,null,"Huambo, Peru.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/208/mode/1up","Pipra isidorei leucopygia"],["12595","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix velutina","(Berlepsch, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.4 p.492","Velvety Manakin","Velvety Manakin",null,"2025-0851","Taxon <em>velutina </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Lepidothrix coronata</em> based on vocalizations and genome-wide DNA data (Moncrieff et al. 2022), supplemented by plumage differences.","humid forest of lowlands and hills from west-central and far southeastern Costa Rica through Panama to western and west-central Colombia, thence west of the Andes to west-central Ecuador",null,null,null,"bucman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucman1","avibase-7C28B33B",null,null,"Veragua [= Veraguas] , Panama.","Descriptions of six new Species of Birds from Southern and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/552/mode/1up","Pipra velutina"],["12596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix velutina velutina","(Berlepsch, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.4 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"humid southwestern Costa Rica to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D696D1F5",null,null,"Veragua [= Veraguas] , Panama.","Descriptions of six new Species of Birds from Southern and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/552/mode/1up","Pipra velutina"],["12597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix velutina minuscula","(Todd, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northwestern Ecuador (southward to Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E042CD3",null,null,"Quibdo, Río Atrato, Chocó, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/141/mode/1up","Pipra velutina minuscula"],["12598","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coronata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.5, pl.7, f.1","Blue-capped Manakin","Blue-capped Manakin",null,"2025-0851","Taxon <em>velutina </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Lepidothrix coronata</em> based on vocalizations and genome-wide DNA data (Moncrieff et al. 2022), supplemented by plumage differences.","tropical rainforest to foothil forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela southward across western Brazil to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,"blcman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcman1","avibase-E8FCDE6D",null,null,"ad pagum St. Pauli in sylvis fl. Solimoens [= São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/19/mode/1up","Pipra coronata"],["12599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coronata caquetae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1953)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 105 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia (east of Andes in western Meta and western Caquetá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B91E8A",null,null,"Morelia, Caquetá, Colombia.","Manakins and Cotingas from Ecuador and Peru.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064468","Pipra coronata caquetae"],["12600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coronata carbonata","(Todd, 1925)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Peru, southern Venezuela, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20671D00",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/124/mode/1up","Pipra carbonata"],["12601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coronata coronata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.5, pl.7, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F593E2F8",null,null,"ad pagum St. Pauli in sylvis fl. Solimoens [= São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/19/mode/1up","Pipra coronata"],["12602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coronata caelestipileata","(Goeldi, 1905)","Compte-rendu des séances du sixième Congrès International de Zoologie tenu à Berne du 14 au 19 août 1904 p.549",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86B49598",null,null,"upper Rio Purus, Brazil; type from Cachoeira do Ubi, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53218#page/675/mode/1up","Pipra caelesti-pileata"],["12603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coronata exquisita","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (southern Loreto to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80763B30",null,null,"Chuchurras, Huánuco, Peru.","On four new species of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/666/mode/1up","Pipra exquisita"],["12604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix coronata regalis","(Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940)","Notulae Naturae no.44 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Bolivia southward to Cochabamba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BD93908",null,null,"Palmar, 2,600 ft., Yungas de Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Description of new Birds from Bolivia. Part III. Mesomyodi.",null,"Pipra coronata regalis"],["12605","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix vilasboasi","(Sick, 1959)","Journal für Ornithologie 100, no.1 p.111","Golden-crowned Manakin","Golden-crowned Manakin","Golden-crowned Manakin",null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (near headwaters of Rio Tapajós in southwestern Pará)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701040","gocman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocman2","avibase-F70CF49B",null,null,"headwaters of Rio Cururu, Pará, Brazil.","Zwei neue Pipriden aus Brasilien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671318","Pipra vilasboasi"],["12606","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix iris","(Schinz, 1851)","Naturgeschichte und Abbildungen der Vögel-Gattungen livr.7 p.91 pl.39","Opal-crowned Manakin","Opal-crowned Manakin","Opal-crowned Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the eastern Amazon basin in Pará, northeastern Mato Grosso, adjacent Maranhão, and Tocantins, westward to the Rio Tapajos",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701033","opcman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/opcman1","avibase-5852C9A8",null,null,"'Guyana'; error, Pará [= Belém] substituted by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 22.",null,null,"Pipra iris"],["12607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix iris eucephala","(Todd, 1928)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (east bank of lower Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA26841D",null,null,"Miritituba, Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Five new Manakins from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/158/mode/1up","Pipra iris eucephala"],["12608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix iris iris","(Schinz, 1851)","Naturgeschichte und Abbildungen der Vögel-Gattungen livr.7 p.91 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (Belém region of eastern Pará to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BED0973",null,null,"'Guyana'; error, Pará [= Belém] substituted by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 22.",null,null,"Pipra iris"],["12609","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix nattereri","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.611 pl.39","Snow-capped Manakin","Snow-capped Manakin","Snow-capped Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the southern Amazon basin mostly in the Rio Madeira-Rio Tapajos interfluvium, from northern Brazil, in western Pará southward to southern Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701050","sncman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sncman1","avibase-995CF40D",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/713/mode/1up","Pipra nattereri"],["12610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix nattereri nattereri","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.611 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil south of the Amazon River (from Rio Madeira southward to Calama, eastward to Rio Tapajós and its affluents)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BE51489",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/713/mode/1up","Pipra nattereri"],["12611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Lepidothrix nattereri gracilis","(Hellmayr, 1903)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil (upper Rio Madeira) to far northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-108D0AF6",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brasil.",null,null,"Pipra gracilis"],["12612","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Heterocercus","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.245",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Elaenia linteata [Strickland, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Heterocercus"],["12613","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Heterocercus aurantiivertex","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.157","Orange-crested Manakin","Orange-crowned Manakin","Orange-crested Manakin",null,null,"locally in eastern Ecuador and adjacent northeastern Peru (southwestern Loreto)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701165","orcman3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcman3","avibase-9A003ACA",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/221/mode/1up","Heterocercus aurantiivertex"],["12614","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Heterocercus linteatus","(Strickland, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.121-15, pl.63","Flame-crested Manakin","Flame-crowned Manakin","Flame-crested Manakin",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River), far southeastern Peru, and northern and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701169","flcman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flcman2","avibase-F8BBD894",null,null,"upper branches of Amazon; restricted to Borba, Rio Madeira (right bank), Amazonas, Brazil, by Gyldenstolpe, 1951, Arkiv Zool., ser. 2, 2, p. 245.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/190/mode/1up","Elaenia linteata"],["12615","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Heterocercus flavivertex","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.125,186","Yellow-crested Manakin","Yellow-crowned Manakin","Yellow-crested Manakin",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701161","yecman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecman2","avibase-08F2D7DF",null,null,"Rio Negro, Marabitanas, Rio Xie, Rio Içanna, Rio Vaupe, and Barcellos [Brazil] ; restricted to Marabitanas by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 103.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/196/mode/1up","Heterocercus flavivertex"],["12616","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 4 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pipra manacus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Pipra manacus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111639#page/588/mode/1up","Manacus"],["12617","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.340","White-bearded Manakin","White-bearded Manakin","White-bearded Manakin",null,null,"tropical humid to semi-humid forest, secondary woodland in northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward in interior Colombia to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena and west of the Andes from southwestern Colombia, south of the Río Patía, southward to far northwestern Peru; in Tobago, the Guianas and southern Venezuela southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins to eastern and southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia and south-central Brazil, including the Cerrado of northeastern and central Brazil, south to western Tocantins); also in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701112","whbman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbman1","avibase-091F833E",null,null,"Cayenne; Surinam accepted by Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 729.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/344/mode/1up","[Pipra] manacus"],["12618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus abditivus","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Marta, lower Cauca, and middle Magdalena Valleys",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3515FCB",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On the subspecies of Manacus manacus (Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/49/mode/1up","Manacus manacus abditivus"],["12619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus flaveolus","Cassin, 1852","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.12 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (tropical upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97A571E0",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia; restricted to Honda, Magdalena Valley, Tolima, Colombia (D. W. S.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/393/mode/1up","Manacus flaveolus"],["12620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus bangsi","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.625",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia and far northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94E01F42",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Manacus manacus bangsi"],["12621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus interior","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.624",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (east of the Andes) to eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28580713",null,null,"Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Manacus manacus interior"],["12622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus trinitatis","(Hartert, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8724D3A",null,null,"Chaguaramas, Trinidad.","On a new species of Manakin from Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/91/mode/1up","Chiromachaeris manacus trinitatis"],["12623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus umbrosus","Friedmann, 1944","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 57 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela (Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC8D97A6",null,null,"Cerro Yapacana, upper Orinoco, Amazonas, Venezuela.","A new Manakin from Cerro Yapacana, Upper Orinoco Valley, Southern Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/337/mode/1up","Manacus manacus umbrosus"],["12624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus manacus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil north of the lower Amazon River and west to Rio Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93B075D2",null,null,"Cayenne; Surinam accepted by Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 729.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/344/mode/1up","[Pipra] manacus"],["12625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus leucochlamys","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.626",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Manabí, and Guayas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84B57FA1",null,null,"Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Manacus manacus leucochlamys"],["12626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus maximus","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and western Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B72D7B81",null,null,"Alamor, 4,550 ft., Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Manacus manacus maximus"],["12627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus expectatus","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33A no.12 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Peru (Loreto) and adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB4958A7",null,null,"João Pessoa, Rio Juruá (left bank), Amazonas, Brazil.","Preliminary descriptions of some new Birds from the Brazilian Amazonas.",null,"Manacus manacus expectatus"],["12628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus longibarbatus","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (Rio Xingú to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4713F2A7",null,null,"Tapara, Rio Xingii, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Manacus manacus longibarbatus"],["12629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus purissimus","Todd, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Rio Tocantins to southeastern Pará and northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16B09C57",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.","Five new Manakins from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/157/mode/1up","Manacus manacus purissimus"],["12630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus gutturosus","(Desmarest, 1806)","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.6 pl.58",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Alagoas) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A16188A8",null,null,"no locality; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt., 2, p. 92.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124404#page/217/mode/1up","Pipra gutturosa"],["12631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus purus","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil on south bank of the lower Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós and southwestern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55963CE4",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","On the subspecies of Manacus manacus (Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/50/mode/1up","Manacus manacus purus"],["12632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus manacus subpurus","Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.58 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil (southeastern Amazona, eastern Rondônia, and northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E493192A",null,null,"Tapirapoan, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Brazil and Paraguay.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4593/","Manacus manacus subpurus"],["12633","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus vitellinus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.103","Golden-collared Manakin","Golden-collared Manakin","Golden-collared Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest from northwestern Panama, in the Caribbean slope, eastward to northwestern Colombia; in the Cauca Valley and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Colombia, north of the Río Patía",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701109","gocman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocman1","avibase-84F26B47",null,null,"Panama; type from Panama City, fide Wetmore, 1972, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 150(3) p. 339.","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/471/mode/1up","Pipra vitellina"],["12634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus vitellinus vitellinus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Panama to northwestern Colombia (southward to southwestern Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFD4BC61",null,null,"Panama; type from Panama City, fide Wetmore, 1972, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 150(3) p. 339.","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/471/mode/1up","Pipra vitellina"],["12635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus vitellinus amitinus","Wetmore, 1959","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139, no.2 p.7-9",null,null,null,null,null,"Escudo de Veraguas Island (off northern Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C7E3FD3",null,null,"Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Bocas del Toro, Panama.","The birds of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36105#page/47/mode/1up","Manacus manacus amitinus"],["12636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus vitellinus milleri","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.645",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia in Sinú and lower Cauca Valleys",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FD1F5D7",null,null,"Puerto Valdivia, 360 ft., lower Cauca River, Antioquia, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Manacus vitellinus milleri"],["12637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus vitellinus viridiventris","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia westward of western Andes and eastern side in upper Cauca Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-651EB347",null,null,"Jiminez [= Jimenez], near Buenaventura, Pacific slope, Valle del Cauca.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/265/mode/1up","Manacus vitellinus viridiventris"],["12638","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus candei","(Parzudaki, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.306","White-collared Manakin","White-collared Manakin","White-collared Manakin",null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southern Mexico to eastern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701103","whcman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcman1","avibase-9DF85999",null,null,"Truxillo [= Trujillo] , Honduras.","Manakin nouveau découvert par M. De Maussion Candé.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/314/mode/1up","Pipra candei"],["12639","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Manacus aurantiacus","(Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.200","Orange-collared Manakin","Orange-collared Manakin","Orange-collared Manakin",null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica and western Panama (east to Azuero Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701106","orcman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcman1","avibase-3C01B44C",null,null,"Mina de Chorcha and Bugaba, Chiriquí, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/258/mode/1up","Chiromachaeris aurantiaca"],["12640","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra","Linnaeus, 1764","Museum S:æ R:æ M:tis Adolphi Friderici Regis Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque (etc.) 2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parus aureola [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 33).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209402#page/768/mode/1up","Pipra"],["12641","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra filicauda","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.6, pl.8, f.1,2","Wire-tailed Manakin","Wire-tailed Manakin","Wire-tailed Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest from northwestern Colombia and western Venezuela eastward in the coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (to Miranda) and southward from western Venezuela across the western Amazon basin to southwestern Brazil and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700991","witman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/witman2","avibase-3B5C0E15",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/20/mode/1up","Pipra filicauda"],["12642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra filicauda subpallida","(Todd, 1928)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B621CE50",null,null,"Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Five new Manakins from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/158/mode/1up","Cirrhipipra filicauda subpallida"],["12643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra filicauda filicauda","Spix, 1825","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.6, pl.8, f.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru, southern Venezuela, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-638F14F4",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/20/mode/1up","Pipra filicauda"],["12644","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra aureola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191","Crimson-hooded Manakin","Crimson-hooded Manakin","Crimson-hooded Manakin",null,null,"tropical humid forest, flooded forest, and mangroves from northeastern Venezuela, including the Paria Peninsula, southward across northern Guianas to northeastern Brazil and westward along the Amazon River and the Rio Madeira to southwestern Brazil, in northern Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700985","crhman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crhman1","avibase-DD78BCB6",null,null,"some part of South America, near the equinoctial line; Surinam proposed by Hellmayr, 1906, Ibis, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","[Parus] Aureola"],["12645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra aureola aureola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4A34630",null,null,"some part of South America, near the equinoctial line; Surinam proposed by Hellmayr, 1906, Ibis, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","[Parus] Aureola"],["12646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra aureola borbae","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil along lower and middle Rio Madeira in eastern Amazonas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4772381F",null,null,"Borba, right bank of Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Pipra aureola borbae"],["12647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra aureola aurantiicollis","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil on Rio Tapajós to Rio Xingu in western Pará and adjacent north bank of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72427CA0",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/122/mode/1up","Pipra aureola aurantiicollis"],["12648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra aureola flavicollis","Sclater, 1852","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil in eastern Amazonas and western Pará (from Rio Negro to Rio Maicuru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D101B851",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro [= Manaus] , Brazil.","Ornithological Observations. V. On a new species of Manakin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/405/mode/1up","Pipra flavicollis"],["12649","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra fasciicauda","Hellmayr, 1906","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.21 p.9","Band-tailed Manakin","Band-tailed Manakin","Band-tailed Manakin",null,null,"seasonally flooded forest and gallery forest in woodland savanna from southern Loreto, eastern Peru, southward to northern and eastern Bolivia and from the eastern Amazon basin south of the Amazon River, and Cerrado of interior Brazil southward to eastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina; also isolated in northeastern Brazil, in Ceará",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700988","batman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batman1","avibase-8FB9A452",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Nuevo nombre para Pipra fasciata Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837: 38, no de Thunberg, 1822)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/53/mode/1up","Pipra fasciicauda"],["12650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra fasciicauda calamae","Hellmayr, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.3 p.303,306",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Brazil near upper Rio Madeira and far northwestern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3626A026",null,null,"Calama, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","The birds of the Rio Madeira.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/327/mode/1up","Pipra aureola calamae"],["12651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra fasciicauda saturata","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of central Andes of Peru (San Martín and southern Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7808D933",null,null,"Río Seco, 3,000 ft., west of Moyobamba, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Pipra fasciicauda saturata"],["12652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra fasciicauda purusiana","Snethlage, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (south to Cusco) and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE34E638",null,null,"Porto Alegre, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/178/mode/1up","Pipra fasciicauda purusiana"],["12653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra fasciicauda fasciicauda","Hellmayr, 1906","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.21 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru (Puno) to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43EDDC0B",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Nuevo nombre para Pipra fasciata Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837: 38, no de Thunberg, 1822)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/53/mode/1up","Pipra fasciicauda"],["12654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pipra fasciicauda scarlatina","Hellmayr, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft2 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia to southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B07841F",null,null,"Salto Grande de Rio Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brazil.","Miscellanea Ornithologica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/174/mode/1up","Pipra aureola scarlatina"],["12655","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pipra strigilata [zu Wied, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 147). = Pipra regulus Hahn, 1819  ",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/8/mode/1up","Machaeropterus"],["12656","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus deliciosus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.90","Club-winged Manakin","Club-winged Manakin","Club-winged Manakin",null,null,"west slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701122","clwman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clwman1","avibase-D76775F3",null,null,"Nanegal, Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/128/mode/1up","Pipra deliciosa"],["12657","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus pyrocephalus","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.9","Fiery-capped Manakin","Fiery-capped Manakin","Fiery-capped Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest and humid forest in the Orinoco basin and Guiana Shield of central to southern Venezuela and far northern Brazil southward patchily across the Amazon basin from northeastern Brazil (Amapá), to the Cerrado in central Brazil (Goiás), northern Bolivia, and westward to eastern Peru (north to San Martin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701115","ficman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ficman1","avibase-F142A496",null,null,"locality unknown; upper Amazons, Ucayali, proposed by Beriepsch and Hartert, 1909, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 54.","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/15/mode/1up","Pipra pyrocephala"],["12658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus pyrocephalus pallidiceps","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (northwestern Bolívar) and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C5F347A",null,null,"La Pricion [= La Prision] , Río Caura, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Machaeropterus pyrocephalus pallidiceps"],["12659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus pyrocephalus pyrocephalus","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"widely scattered localities in eastern Peru (San Martín) to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (mainly in south and east, to southern Amapá and Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39AEE4AD",null,null,"locality unknown; upper Amazons, Ucayali, proposed by Beriepsch and Hartert, 1909, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 54.","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/15/mode/1up","Pipra pyrocephala"],["12660","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus regulus","(Hahn, 1819)","Voegel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika, und Neuholland (etc.) Lief.4 pl.4 fig.1,2","Kinglet Manakin","Kinglet Manakin","Kinglet Manakin",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103676093","strman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strman2","avibase-FCA41C81",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Pinto, 1935, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 19, p. 223.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111049#page/107/mode/1up","Pipra regulus"],["12661","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus eckelberryi","Lane, Kratter & O'Neill, 2017","Zootaxa 4320.2.11FALSE","Painted Manakin","Painted Manakin","Painted Manakin",null,null,"northern Peru: very local on ridgecrests of Andean foothills in eastern San Martín and southwestern Loreto",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155190014","paiman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paiman1","avibase-CA46A1E1",null,null,"Peru: dept. Loreto; ca. 77 km WNW Contamana, 7°5'S, 75°39'W, ca. 1000m.","A new species of manakin (Aves: Pipridae; Machaeropterus) from Peru with a taxonomic reassessment of the Striped Manakin (M. regulus) complex","http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.11","Machaeropterus eckelberryi"],["12662","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus striolatus","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.122","Striolated Manakin","Striolated Manakin","Striolated Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest and foothill forest from northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward in interior Colombia to the headwaters of the ríos Cauca and Magdalena, and southward along the western foothills of the western Andes of Colombia to west-central Colombia; east of the Andes along the foothills of the Andes in western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia southward across the western Amazon basin to northeastern Peru and western Brazil; also in the Guiana Shield and Orinoco basin of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103676114","strman5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strman5","avibase-B4FFD399",null,null,"'from that portion of Brazil bordering on Peru'; restricted to neighborhood of the lower Rio Javari (J. T. Z.).","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/294/mode/1up","Pipra striolata"],["12663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus striolatus antioquiae","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of western and central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA3B8E3A",null,null,"Puerto Valdivia, lower Río Cauca, Antioquia, Colombia.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Machaeropterus striolatus antioquiae"],["12664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus striolatus striolatus","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB0EC978",null,null,"'from that portion of Brazil bordering on Peru'; restricted to neighborhood of the lower Rio Javari (J. T. Z.).","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/294/mode/1up","Pipra striolata"],["12665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus striolatus obscurostriatus","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northwestern Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35147B40",null,null,"El Vigia, 200 m., Mérida, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Machaeropterus regulus obscurostriatus"],["12666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus striolatus zulianus","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Venezuela (western Zulia, Táchira, and northern Barinas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3380D36A",null,null,"La Sabana, 750 m., Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/289/mode/1up","Machaeropterus regulus zulianus"],["12667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Machaeropterus striolatus aureopectus","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Venezuela (northeastern Amazonas and southeastern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57705D77",null,null,"Kabadisocana, 550 m., near source of Río Ventuari, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Machaeropterus regulus aureopectus"],["12668","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra","Kirwan, David, Gregory et al., 2016","Zootaxa 4121 93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parus pipra [Linnaeus]; type by original designation",null,"The mistaken manakin: a new genus-group name for Parus pipra Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Passeriformes: Pipridae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303831850","Pseudopipra"],["12669","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190","White-crowned Manakin","White-crowned Manakin","White-crowned Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest, gallery forest, wooded savanna, and humid foothill forest from the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, the foothills of Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward across the western Amazon basin to southeastern Peru and from the Orinoco basin and the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northeastern Brazil; also in the foothills of the central and western Andes of Colombia southward to far northwestern Ecuador, and in the Atlantic Forest region from central Bahia southward to Rio de Janeiro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701009","whcman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcman2","avibase-1C833562",null,null,"'in Indiis' [= Surinam].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","[Parus] Pipra"],["12670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra anthracina","(Ridgway, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3195EF4E",null,null,"Moravia, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/153/mode/1up","Pipra pipra anthracina"],["12671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra bolivari","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1950)","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia (upper Sinú Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FFCA061",null,null,"Murucucii, 1,500 m., Bolívar, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Pipra pipra bolivari"],["12672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra minima","(Chapman, 1917)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia (Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D462E19",null,null,"Cocal, Andes al oeste de Popayán, Cauca, Colombia (Nuevo nombre para Pipra leucocilla minor pre-cupado por Pipra mentalis minor Hartert, Chapman, 1914: 623,1898: 489.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia : a contribution to a biological survey of South America","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Pipra leucocilla minimus"],["12673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra unica","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1945)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 97 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Colombia (Antioquia and Huila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1901318C",null,null,"El Isno [= Lomas de Isnos], head of Magdalena Valley, Huila, Colombia.","Notes on Colombian Flycatchers, Manakins and Cotingas.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064379","Pipra pipra unica"],["12674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra pipra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil mainly north of the Amazon River (east to Amapá, crossing to south bank at Tefé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A81E0B2E",null,null,"'in Indiis' [= Surinam].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","[Parus] Pipra"],["12675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra coracina","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B600C68E",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia; amended to Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia (D. W. S.).","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/63/mode/1up","Pipra coracina"],["12676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra discolor","(Zimmer, 1936)","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Peru (along Río Napo in northeastern Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77A1638A",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, northern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Pipra pipra discolor"],["12677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra pygmaea","(Zimmer, 1936)","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (lower Río Huallaga in Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B00E7BF3",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Pipra pipra pygmaea"],["12678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra occulta","(Zimmer, 1936)","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of central Andes of Peru (San Martín and Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5766A39",null,null,"Uchco, 5,000 ft., east of Chachapoyas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Pipra pipra occulta"],["12679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra comata","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (southern Pasco, Junín, and northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-523488FC",null,null,"La Gloria and Garita del Sol, central Peru; restricted to Garita del Sol, Junín (J. T. Z.).","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/424/mode/1up","Pipra comata"],["12680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra microlopha","(Zimmer, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón) and western Amazonian Brazil (south of Amazon River east to, at least, Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E445C9F9",null,null,"Puerto Bermiidez, Río Pichis, Peru.","New Birds from Peru, Brazil and Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/105/mode/1up","Pipra pipra microlopha"],["12681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra separabilis","(Zimmer, 1936)","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil on south side of the lower Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to Belém)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5211A8D0",null,null,"Tapara, Rio Xingu, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Pipra pipra separabilis"],["12682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Pseudopipra pipra cephaleucos","(Thunberg, 1822)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 8 p.283,286",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75120AEF",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Zimmer, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 889, p. 13.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43683#page/357/mode/1up","Pipra cephaleucos"],["12683","genus","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra","Bonaparte, 1854","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.4, t.1, pt.3 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipra cornuta [von Spix, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,"Conspectus systematis ornithologiae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48136#page/145/mode/1up","Ceratopipra"],["12684","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra cornuta","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.5, pl.7, f.2","Scarlet-horned Manakin","Scarlet-horned Manakin","Scarlet-horned Manakin",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701006","schman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schman1","avibase-8E3C83CC",null,null,"in sylvis flum. Amazonum'; restricted to Mt. Roraima, Venezuela (D. W. S.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/19/mode/1up","Pipra cornuta"],["12685","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra mentalis","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.299 pl.121","Red-capped Manakin","Red-capped Manakin","Red-capped Manakin",null,null,"humid forest and edge of lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope of central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) through eastern Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) southward through Nicaragua, thence both slopes from Costa Rica through Panama, southward in Colombia west of the Andes to west-central Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700994","recman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recman1","avibase-AB0B75D8",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/361/mode/1up","Pipra mentalis"],["12686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra mentalis mentalis","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.299 pl.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southeastern Mexico to eastern Costa Rica; Isla de Mujeres",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DEFAB6E",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/361/mode/1up","Pipra mentalis"],["12687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra mentalis ignifera","(Bangs, 1901)","The Auk 18, no.4 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2678224",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí, Panama.","On a collection of birds made by W. W. Brown, Jr., at David and Divala, Chiriqui.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss4/5/","Pipra mentalis ignifera"],["12688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra mentalis minor","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0FF56E6",null,null,"Cachavi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","On a collection of birds from North-western Ecuador, collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/509/mode/1up","Pipra mentalis minor"],["12689","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra rubrocapilla","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.9, vol.3 pl.54 fig.3","Red-headed Manakin","Red-headed Manakin","Red-headed Manakin",null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to northern Bolivia, and southern Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701000","rehman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehman1","avibase-419C8303",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, in Wytsman, 1910, Gen. Av., pt. 9, p. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/148/mode/1up","Pipra rubro-capilla"],["12690","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra chloromeros","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.271","Round-tailed Manakin","Round-tailed Manakin","Round-tailed Manakin",null,null,"lowlands and foothills of eastern Peru, adjacent western Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701003","rotman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rotman1","avibase-DA822C0A",null,null,"Peru; restricted to valley of Vitoc, Junín, by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 25.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/279/mode/1up","P[ipra] chloromeros"],["12691","species","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra erythrocephala","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191","Golden-headed Manakin","Golden-headed Manakin","Golden-headed Manakin",null,null,"tropical rainforest and humid foothill forest from eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and western Venezuela southward in interior Colombia to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, in western Colombia southward to the Serrania de Baudo (Choco), east of the Andes in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward to the northern Amazon basin in Brazil (north of the Amazon River), and in the western Amazon southward to northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700997","gohman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gohman1","avibase-1C713394",null,null,"'in America australi' [= Surinam, ex Edwards, I.e.].","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","[Parus] erythrocephalus"],["12692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra erythrocephala erythrocephala","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama, northern Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-704B2D8F",null,null,"'in America australi' [= Surinam, ex Edwards, I.e.].","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","[Parus] erythrocephalus"],["12693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pipridae","Manakins","Ceratopipra erythrocephala berlepschi","(Ridgway, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45043568",null,null,"Nauta, northeastern Peru.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/153/mode/1up","Pipra erythrocephala berlepschi"],["12694","family","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotingidae",null,null,"Cotingas","Cotingas","Cotingas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"coting1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coting1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12695","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Ampelioides","Verreaux, 1867","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 3, fasc.2 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ampelioides flavitorques [Verreaux, J, 1867]; type by monotypy = Cotinga tschudii G.R. Gray, 1846  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49411#page/198/mode/1up","Ampelioides"],["12696","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Ampelioides tschudii","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.279","Scaled Fruiteater","Scaled Fruiteater","Scaled Fruiteater",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700815","scafru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scafru1","avibase-4D9E317C",null,null,"Pangoa, al este de Tarma, Perú.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/573/mode/1up","C[otinga] Tschudii"],["12697","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner (1837) p.357",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipreola chlorolepidota [Swainson, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/369/mode/1up","Pipreola"],["12698","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola formosa","(Hartlaub, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.275-276,493 pl.14 fig.1","Handsome Fruiteater","Handsome Fruiteater","Handsome Fruiteater",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700809","hanfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hanfru1","avibase-B8C056DE",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Caracas by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 121.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/297/mode/1up","Ampelis formosa"],["12699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola formosa formosa","(Hartlaub, 1849)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.275-276,493 pl.14 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E10F238",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Caracas by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 121.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/297/mode/1up","Ampelis formosa"],["12700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola formosa rubidior","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.191 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Monagas, and Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAC3FA8C",null,null,"La Trinidad, 5,600 ft., nearCarapas, Mount Turumiquire, Sucre, Venezuela.","Remarks on the life zones of northeastern Venezuela with descriptions of new species of birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4556/","Euchlornis formosa rubidior"],["12701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola formosa pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89096324",null,null,"Cerro Azul, Cristobal Colón, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/54/mode/1up","Pipreola formosa pariae"],["12702","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola chlorolepidota","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.357","Fiery-throated Fruiteater","Fiery-throated Fruiteater","Fiery-throated Fruiteater",null,null,"Andean foothills of southeastern Colombia to Ecuador and central Peru (Pasco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700803","fitfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fitfru1","avibase-97CB16E9",null,null,"Peru; restricted to vicinity of Moyobamba (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/369/mode/1up","Pipreola chlorolepidota"],["12703","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola frontalis","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.374 p.446","Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater","Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater",null,"2025-0332","Taxon <em>squamipectus </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Pipreola frontalis</em> based on reassessment of plumage and vocalizations. The taxa are narrowly allopatric and sometimes treated as separate species (del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2016), but differences in plumage are inconsistent, at least for males, and vocalizations (Kirwan &amp; Green 2011) have not been fully documented. Stronger evidence including genetic data are required to support a split.","humid foothill and cloudforest in the eastern Andes of Ecuador southward to central Bolivia (including Cerros del Sira in southeastern Peru)",null,null,null,"scbfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbfru1","avibase-A8BF2A45",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to Samaipata, Santa Cruz (J. T. Z.).","Characters of Five New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/540/mode/1up","Euchlornis frontalis"],["12704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola frontalis squamipectus","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador (western Napo) and northern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E45ED79",null,null,"Zamora, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Euchlornis frontalis squamipectus"],["12705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola frontalis frontalis","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.374 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Huánuco) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AACC949D",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to Samaipata, Santa Cruz (J. T. Z.).","Characters of Five New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/540/mode/1up","Euchlornis frontalis"],["12706","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola arcuata","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.98","Barred Fruiteater","Barred Fruiteater","Barred Fruiteater",null,null,"montane cloudforest and elfin forest in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to west-central Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700788","barfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barfru1","avibase-492611EA",null,null,"Colombia [= 'Bogotá].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/106/mode/1up","Ampelis arcuata"],["12707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola arcuata arcuata","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, western Venezuela, Ecuador, northern Peru, and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-774A9BE8",null,null,"Colombia [= 'Bogotá].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/106/mode/1up","Ampelis arcuata"],["12708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola arcuata viridicauda","Meyer de Schauensee, 1953","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 105 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89D51B13",null,null,"Incachaca, 8,000 ft., Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Manakins and Cotingas from Ecuador and Peru.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064468","Pipreola arcuata viridicauda"],["12709","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola intermedia","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.376","Band-tailed Fruiteater","Band-tailed Fruiteater","Band-tailed Fruiteater",null,null,"humid montane forest in the eastern Andes from northern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700785","batfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batfru1","avibase-CE224C6D",null,null,"Maraynioc, mountains of central Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/386/mode/1up","Pipreola viridis intermedia"],["12710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola intermedia intermedia","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of Peru (La Libertad to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEFB8314",null,null,"Maraynioc, mountains of central Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/386/mode/1up","Pipreola viridis intermedia"],["12711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola intermedia signata","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F824573D",null,null,"Yungas in Bolivia (according to Hellmayr 1917)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/209/mode/1up","Euchlornis riefferii signata"],["12712","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola riefferii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.3","Green-and-black Fruiteater","Green-and-black Fruiteater","Green-and-black Fruiteater",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of central Venezuela, the Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northernmost Peru north of the Río Marañón, and south of the Marañón southward to central Peru (Huanuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700782","gabfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabfru1","avibase-FCFD1688",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/13/mode/1up","Ampelis Riefferii"],["12713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola riefferii occidentalis","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.630",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0018D79",null,null,"San Antonio, 6,600 ft., Western Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Euchlornis riefferi occidentalis"],["12714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola riefferii riefferii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Táchira) and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CEFD0EE",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/13/mode/1up","Ampelis Riefferii"],["12715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola riefferii confusa","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.893 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21ED17EE",null,null,"Upper Volcán Sumaco, Napo, Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 23, Notes on Doliornis, Pipreola, Attila, Laniocera, Rhytipterna, and Lipaugus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4091/","Pipreola riefferii confusa"],["12716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola riefferii chachapoyas","(Hellmayr, 1915)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39C9B40D",null,null,"Chachapoyas, 8,500 ft., Peru.","Neue Formen aus dem neotropischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/262/mode/1up","Euchlornis viridis chachapoyas"],["12717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola riefferii tallmanorum","O'Neill & Parker, 1981","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15B00E8A",null,null,"Hacienda Paty, Cordillera de Carpish, Huánuco, Perú.","New subspecies of Pipreola riefferii and Chlorospingus ophthalmicus from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/68/mode/1up","Pipreola riefferii tallmanorum"],["12718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola riefferii melanolaema","Sclater, 1856","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (north to southern Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAAFDFC7",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/511/mode/1up","Pipreola melanolaema"],["12719","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola whitelyi","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.449","Red-banded Fruiteater","Red-banded Fruiteater","Red-banded Fruiteater",null,null,"montane forest on sandy-soil in the tepuis of southern Venezuela (southeastern Bolívar), western Guyana (Mount Twek-quay), and adjacent northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700812","rebfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebfru1","avibase-145B20DB",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, Venezuela.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/505/mode/1up","Pipreola whitelyi"],["12720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola whitelyi kathleenae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southeastern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E37E3AD",null,null,"Ptari-tepui, 1,800 m., southwestern slope, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Pipreola whitelyi kathleenae"],["12721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola whitelyi whitelyi","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of western Guyana (Mount Twek-quay) and adjacent northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19AED91A",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, Venezuela.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/505/mode/1up","Pipreola whitelyi"],["12722","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola aureopectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.68","Golden-breasted Fruiteater","Golden-breasted Fruiteater","Golden-breasted Fruiteater",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in the coastal mountains of northwestern Venezuela, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia southward along the western and central Andes of Colombia to the headwaters of the ríos Cauca and Magdalena, in southern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700791","gobfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobfru1","avibase-BD7AF085",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/76/mode/1up","Ampelis aureo-pectus"],["12723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola aureopectus decora","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71E5F2D6",null,null,"Chirua, 7,000 ft., Santa Marta region, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/128/mode/1up","Pipreola aureipectus decora"],["12724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola aureopectus festiva","(Todd, 1912)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-391ACBE2",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/251/mode/1up","Euchlornis aureipectus festiva"],["12725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola aureopectus aureopectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02F1D033",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/76/mode/1up","Ampelis aureo-pectus"],["12726","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola lubomirskii","Taczanowski, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.236 pl.22","Black-chested Fruiteater","Black-chested Fruiteater","Black-chested Fruiteater",null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia to far northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700797","blcfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcfru1","avibase-2B9CF96A",null,null,"Tambillo, Peru; restricted to Quebrada de Sance, 5,800 ft., Tambillo, by Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 151.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/320/mode/1up","Pipreola lubomirskii"],["12727","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola jucunda","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.89 pl.160","Orange-breasted Fruiteater","Orange-breasted Fruiteater","Orange-breasted Fruiteater",null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700794","orbfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbfru1","avibase-3793CD75",null,null,"Cachillacta, Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/127/mode/1up","Pipreola jucunda"],["12728","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pipreola pulchra","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.199","Masked Fruiteater","Masked Fruiteater","Masked Fruiteater",null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Amazonas to Cordillera Vilcabamba of Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700800","masfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masfru1","avibase-027CD8FC",null,null,"Tulumayo, Junín, Perú.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/209/mode/1up","Euchlornis pulchra"],["12729","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Carpornis","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ampelis melanocephala [Bonaparte]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 147). = Procnias melanocephalus zu Wied-Neuwied, 1820  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/573/mode/1up","Carpornis"],["12730","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Carpornis melanocephala","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.166 (or p.168), note","Black-headed Berryeater","Black-headed Berryeater","Black-headed Berryeater",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Alagoas and eastern Bahia to northeastern Paraná)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700736","bkhber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhber1","avibase-BDB6EEE0",null,null,"Quartel das Barreiras, road from Rio Itapemirim to Rio Itabapuana, southern Espírito Santo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/184/mode/1up","Procnias melanocephalus"],["12731","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Carpornis cucullata","(Swainson, 1821)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1, no.7 pl.37,text","Hooded Berryeater","Hooded Berryeater","Hooded Berryeater",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700725","hoober2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoober2","avibase-CCD58E2A",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/235/mode/1up","Procnias cucullata"],["12732","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Snowornis","Prum, 2001","Ibis vol.143 p.307-309.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lipaugus subalaris [Sclater, PL, 1861]; type by original designation",null,"A new genus for the Andean Green Pihas (Cotingidae)","https://prumlab.yale.edu/publications/new-genus-andean-green-pihas-cotingidae","Snowornis"],["12733","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Snowornis subalaris","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.210","Grey-tailed Piha","Gray-tailed Piha","Grey-tailed Piha",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700831","gytpih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytpih1","avibase-413E0E1A",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","On a New Species of Bird of the Genus Lipaugus of Boié.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/284/mode/1up","Lipaugus subalaris"],["12734","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Snowornis cryptolophus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.522","Olivaceous Piha","Olivaceous Piha","Olivaceous Piha",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western Andes of Colombia southward to northwestern Ecuador, and in the eastern Andes from southeastern Colombia southward to central Peru (southward to Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700838","olipih2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olipih2","avibase-E117776E",null,null,"Mongi' [= Monji] , Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/190/mode/1up","Lathria cryptolopha"],["12735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Snowornis cryptolophus mindoensis","(Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78D95D72",null,null,"Mindo, 4,213 ft., western Ecuador.","Neue Vögel aus dem tropischen Amerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/127/mode/1up","Lathria crypotolopha mindoensis"],["12736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Snowornis cryptolophus cryptolophus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru (south to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A742D24",null,null,"Mongi' [= Monji] , Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/190/mode/1up","Lathria cryptolopha"],["12737","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phoenicircus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius carnifex [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 33).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/665/mode/1up","Phoenicircus"],["12738","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phoenicircus carnifex","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94","Guianan Red Cotinga","Guianan Red-Cotinga","Guianan Red Cotinga",null,null,"far southern Venezuela to the Guianas and lower Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700700","gurcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gurcot1","avibase-8AA20D56",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","[Lanius] carnifex"],["12739","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phoenicircus nigricollis","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.491","Black-necked Red Cotinga","Black-necked Red-Cotinga","Black-necked Red Cotinga",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and western and central Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700695","bnrcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnrcot1","avibase-34A7416A",null,null,"Rio Negro near Barcelos, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/665/mode/1up","P[hoenicircus] nigricollis"],["12740","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Rupicola","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 4 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pipra rupicola [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Pipra rupicola Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111639#page/583/mode/1up","Rupicola"],["12741","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Rupicola rupicola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.338","Guianan Cock-of-the-rock","Guianan Cock-of-the-rock","Guianan Cock-of-the-rock",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700971","gcoroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gcoroc1","avibase-F792ED35",null,null,"'Surinam et toute la Guyane'; restricted to Cayenne by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 242.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/342/mode/1up","[Pipra] rupicola"],["12742","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Rupicola peruvianus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.555","Andean Cock-of-the-rock","Andean Cock-of-the-rock","Andean Cock-of-the-rock",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador and northeastern Peru north of the Río Marañón; and in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700974","andcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andcot1","avibase-33440684",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Chanchamayo district by Chapman, 1926, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, p. 547.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/95/mode/1up","[Pipra] peruviana"],["12743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Rupicola peruvianus sanguinolentus","Gould, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B725F88B",null,null,"Ecuador; restricted to Nanegal, Pichincha, northwestern Ecuador (D. W. S.).","On the Members of the Genus Rupicola, and whether there be Two or more Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/140/mode/1up","Rupicola sanguinolenta"],["12744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Rupicola peruvianus aequatorialis","Taczanowski, 1889","Warszava Universitetie Izvestia no.4 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia to western Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28FC0029",null,null,"Machay and Mapoto, eastern Ecuador.",null,null,"Rupicola peruviana aequatorialis"],["12745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Rupicola peruvianus peruvianus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.555",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (San Martín to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E65ABC7",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Chanchamayo district by Chapman, 1926, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, p. 547.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/95/mode/1up","[Pipra] peruviana"],["12746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Rupicola peruvianus saturatus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7DDEC21",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to Locotal, Cochabamba (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/107/mode/1up","R[upicola] saturata"],["12747","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Zaratornis","Koepcke, 1954","Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado, Serie A (ser.A) no.16 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Zaratornis stresemanni [Koepcke, 1954]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Zaratornis"],["12748","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Zaratornis stresemanni","Koepcke, 1954","Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado, Serie A (ser.A) no.16 p.3 fig.1,2","White-cheeked Cotinga","White-cheeked Cotinga","White-cheeked Cotinga",null,null,"Andes of western Peru (La Libertad to Ayacucho)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700773","whccot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whccot1","avibase-306EA62C",null,null,"Zarate, 2,700 m., near San Bartolomé, Río Rimac, Lima, Peru.","Zaratornis stresemanni nov. gen. nov. spec., un cotingido nuevo del Perú. '",null,"Zaratornis stresemanni"],["12749","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phibalura","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phibalura flavirostris [Vieillot, 1816]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f37.item","Phibalura"],["12750","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phibalura flavirostris","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68","Swallow-tailed Cotinga","Swallow-tailed Cotinga",null,"2025-0333","Taxon <em>boliviana </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Phibalura flavirostris </em>as the evidentiary basis for a split based on differences in plumage, bare parts color, and vocalizations (Hennessey 2011) is weak. Available genetic data are uninformative (Berv &amp; Prum 2014), and further evidence based on ecological, behavioral, and genetic divergence between the two taxa is required.","semi-deciduous forest, wooded savanna, montane savanna, meadows, and gardens locally in western Bolivia (La Paz), the southern Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions (east-central Brazil, in southeastern Bahia, southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"swtcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swtcot1","avibase-334949EF",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brazil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 5.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Phibalura flavirostris"],["12751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phibalura flavirostris flavirostris","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Goiás) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64133581",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brazil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 5.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Phibalura flavirostris"],["12752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phibalura flavirostris boliviana","Chapman, 1930","The Auk 47, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5B3D9A7",null,null,"near Atten [= Aten], Aplobamba [= Apolo] , La Paz, Bolivia.","A new race of Phibalura flavirostris from Bolivia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol47/iss1/45/","Phibalura flavirostris boliviana"],["12753","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phytotoma","Molina, 1782","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.254,345",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phytotoma rara [G.I. Molina, 1782]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=255&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Phytotoma"],["12754","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phytotoma rara","Molina, 1782","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.254","Rufous-tailed Plantcutter","Rufous-tailed Plantcutter","Rufous-tailed Plantcutter",null,null,"central and southern Chile and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700770","rutpla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutpla1","avibase-D0CCD452",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=255&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Phytotoma rara"],["12755","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phytotoma raimondii","Taczanowski, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.71 pl.17","Peruvian Plantcutter","Peruvian Plantcutter","Peruvian Plantcutter",null,null,"coastal northwestern Peru (Tumbes southward to northern Lima)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700764","perpla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perpla1","avibase-0251A809",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.","Desciption des espèces nouvelles de la collection péruvienne de M. le Dr. Raimondi de Lima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/137/mode/1up","Phytotoma raimondii"],["12756","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phytotoma rutila","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.64","White-tipped Plantcutter","White-tipped Plantcutter","White-tipped Plantcutter",null,null,"dry to semi-humid scrub and woodland, riparian thickets, Chaco woodland, and semi-open groves from western Bolivia southward to east-central Argentina (northern Chubut); winters northward to northern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700767","whtpla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtpla1","avibase-D4C50D3B",null,null,"Paraguay (probably in southwest).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/76/mode/1up","Phytotoma rutila"],["12757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phytotoma rutila angustirostris","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C2D60C",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/153/mode/1up","P[hytotoma] angustirostris"],["12758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Phytotoma rutila rutila","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of western Paraguay, western Uruguay, northern Argentina, and far southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA1EAAA5",null,null,"Paraguay (probably in southwest).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/76/mode/1up","Phytotoma rutila"],["12759","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Doliornis","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.136 pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Doliornis sclateri [Taczanowski, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,"Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/204/mode/1up","Doliornis"],["12760","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Doliornis sclateri","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.136 pl.20","Bay-vented Cotinga","Bay-vented Cotinga","Bay-vented Cotinga",null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729326","bavcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bavcot1","avibase-BC5218B0",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/204/mode/1up","Doliornis sclateri"],["12761","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Doliornis remseni","Robbins, Rosenberg & Sornoza-Molina, 1994","The Auk 111, no.1 p.2-7,front.","Chestnut-bellied Cotinga","Chestnut-bellied Cotinga","Chestnut-bellied Cotinga",null,null,"eastern Andes of Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700747","chbcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbcot1","avibase-E95B88A6",null,null,"3 Km. al sureste de Impueran, ladera oeste del Cerro Mongus, Carchi, 00°27'N, 77°52'W., Ecuador.","A New Species of Cotinga (Cotingidae: Doliornis) from the Ecuadorian Andes, With Comments on Plumage Sequences in Doliornis and Ampelion","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol111/iss1/1/","Doliornis remseni"],["12762","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Ampelion","Tschudi, 1845","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ampelis rufaxilla [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Ampelion"],["12763","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Ampelion rubrocristatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.39","Red-crested Cotinga","Red-crested Cotinga","Red-crested Cotinga",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700753","reccot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccot1","avibase-C5B2624D",null,null,"Ayupaya [= Ayopayo] , Yungas, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/155/mode/1up","A[mpelis] rubro-cristata"],["12764","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Ampelion rufaxilla","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.270","Chestnut-crested Cotinga","Chestnut-crested Cotinga","Chestnut-crested Cotinga",null,null,"humid montane forest in the western and central Andes of Colombia and far northeastern Ecuador, and from southeasternmost Ecuador southward along the eastern Andes of Peru to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700761","chccot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chccot1","avibase-2ED22C83",null,null,"Peru; Vitoc Valley, Junín, proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 99 for this form as republished by Tschudi, 1846, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 137, under the name Ampelion rufaxilla; this restriction hereby adopted for the original citation (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/278/mode/1up","A[mpelis] rufaxilla"],["12765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Ampelion rufaxilla antioquiae","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of western Colombia and (?) northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F000063",null,null,"Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Heliochera rufaxilla antioquiae"],["12766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Ampelion rufaxilla rufaxilla","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Ecuador, Peru, and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6BB94BE",null,null,"Peru; Vitoc Valley, Junín, proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 99 for this form as republished by Tschudi, 1846, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 137, under the name Ampelion rufaxilla; this restriction hereby adopted for the original citation (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/278/mode/1up","A[mpelis] rufaxilla"],["12767","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Haematoderus","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coracias militaris [Shaw, 1792]; type by monotypy = Coracias militaris Shaw, 1792",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/6/mode/1up","Haematoderus"],["12768","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Haematoderus militaris","(Shaw, 1792)","Museum Leverianum, containing select specimens from the museum of the late Sir Ashton Lever (etc.) 1, no.2 p.61","Crimson Fruitcrow","Crimson Fruitcrow","Crimson Fruitcrow",null,null,"far southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700919","crifru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crifru1","avibase-A3944A95",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93481#page/109/mode/1up","Coracias ? militaris"],["12769","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Querula","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.37",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa purpurata [Statius Muller, 1776]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa purpurata Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f43.item","Querula"],["12770","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Querula purpurata","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.169","Purple-throated Fruitcrow","Purple-throated Fruitcrow","Purple-throated Fruitcrow",null,null,"tropical Costa Rica to northern Bolivia, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700925","putfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putfru1","avibase-183649E5",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/189/mode/1up","Muscicapa purpurata"],["12771","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pyroderus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coracias scutata [Shaw, 1792]; type by original designation = Coracias scutata Shaw, 1792",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/52/mode/1up","Pyroderus"],["12772","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pyroderus scutatus","(Shaw, 1792)","Museum Leverianum, containing select specimens from the museum of the late Sir Ashton Lever (etc.) 1, no.4 p.199","Red-ruffed Fruitcrow","Red-ruffed Fruitcrow","Red-ruffed Fruitcrow",null,null,"mostly humid montane and foothill forest in the Sierra de Perijá, the coastal mountains of northwestern Venezuela, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador; again in the eastern Andes from far southeastern Ecuador southward to central Peru, in Pasco; in the tepuis of eastern Venezuela and western Guyana, and in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado from northern Bahia, in eastern Brazil, southward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and southern Rio Grande do Sul and adjacent Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700928","rerfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rerfru1","avibase-50B7979C",null,null,"'native country ... not certainly known'; southeastern Brazil accepted as type locality by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 228; here further restricted to Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93481#page/311/mode/1up","Coracias scutata"],["12773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pyroderus scutatus occidentalis","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.631",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes and western slope of central Andes of Colombia, and western slope in northwestern Ecuador (southward to Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A554FFA4",null,null,"San Antonio, 6,600 ft., Western Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Pyroderus scutatus occidentalis"],["12774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pyroderus scutatus granadensis","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (on Colombia–Venezuela border), northern and western Venezuela (Andes, and Coastal Range eastward to Distrito Federal), and eastern Andes and eastern slope of central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6712FDB",null,null,"Nouvelle Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia].","Sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux de l'embouchure de l'Orénoque.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/291/mode/1up","Coracina Granadensis"],["12775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pyroderus scutatus orenocensis","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (northeastern Bolívar) and adjacent northern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF164EC0",null,null,"le pays situé à l'embouchure de l'Orénoque; restricted to Sierra de Imataca, Bolívar, Venezuela by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12, p. 127).","Sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux de l'embouchure de l'Orénoque.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/291/mode/1up","Coracina orenocensis"],["12776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pyroderus scutatus masoni","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern and central Peru (Amazonas to Pasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36FBCBC5",null,null,"'supposed to be from the interior of Venezuela'; error, Pozuzo, Huánuco [now Pasco] , Peru designated by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 231.","Descriptions of two new species of birds supposed to be from the interior of Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/8/","Pyroderus masoni"],["12777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Pyroderus scutatus scutatus","(Shaw, 1792)","Museum Leverianum, containing select specimens from the museum of the late Sir Ashton Lever (etc.) 1, no.4 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Bahia and southern Goiás southward to Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones and Corrientes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0A9E6A7",null,null,"'native country ... not certainly known'; southeastern Brazil accepted as type locality by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 228; here further restricted to Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93481#page/311/mode/1up","Coracias scutata"],["12778","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Perissocephalus","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus calvus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation = Corvus tricolor Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/219/mode/1up","Perissocephalus"],["12779","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Perissocephalus tricolor","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.85","Capuchinbird","Capuchinbird","Capuchinbird",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700943","capuch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capuch1","avibase-5E05CF2C",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/105/mode/1up","Corvus tricolor"],["12780","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cephalopterus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809","Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, par les professeurs de cet éstablissement. Ouvrage orné de gravures 13 p.235,238",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cephalopterus ornatus [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E, 1809]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Cephalopterus"],["12781","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cephalopterus glabricollis","Gould, 1851","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.206 p.92 pl.20","Bare-necked Umbrellabird","Bare-necked Umbrellabird","Bare-necked Umbrellabird",null,null,"humid highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700933","banumb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banumb1","avibase-DCB1B70D",null,null,"high Cordillera of Chirique [ = Chiriquí], 8,000 ft., Panama.","Descriptions of new Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/136/mode/1up","Cephalopterus glabricollis"],["12782","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cephalopterus ornatus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809","Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, par les professeurs de cet éstablissement. Ouvrage orné de gravures 13 p.238 pl.17","Amazonian Umbrellabird","Amazonian Umbrellabird","Amazonian Umbrellabird",null,null,"southern Venezuela to Guyana, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700940","amaumb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amaumb1","avibase-5892D240",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Barcelos, right bank of Rio Negro, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 56.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce d'oiseau, voisine du corvus nudus et du corvus calvus, et établissement de ces trois espèces en autant de genres, sous les noms de cephalopterus, gymnoderus et gymnocephalus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92464#page/241/mode/1up","Cephalopterus ornatus"],["12783","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cephalopterus penduliger","Sclater, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.114 pl.3","Long-wattled Umbrellabird","Long-wattled Umbrellabird","Long-wattled Umbrellabird",null,null,"western Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador (south to El Oro)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700936","lowumb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lowumb1","avibase-7171CA71",null,null,"Pallatanga, Pacific slope of western Cordillera, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","Extracts from Correspondence, Notices, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/142/mode/1up","Cephalopterus penduliger"],["12784","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Porphyrolaema","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cotinga porphyrolaema [Deville & Sclater, PL, 1852]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/7/mode/1up","Porphyrolaema"],["12785","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema","(Deville & Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.226","Purple-throated Cotinga","Purple-throated Cotinga","Purple-throated Cotinga",null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to southeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700868","putcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putcot1","avibase-0B8453B7",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Cotinga provenant de l'expédition de MM. de Castelnau et Deville dans l'Amérique du Sud.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/252/mode/1up","Cotinga porphyrolaema"],["12786","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Gymnoderus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809","Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, par les professeurs de cet éstablissement. Ouvrage orné de gravures 13 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus nudus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation = Gracula foetida Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Gymnoderus"],["12787","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Gymnoderus foetidus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108","Bare-necked Fruitcrow","Bare-necked Fruitcrow","Bare-necked Fruitcrow",null,null,"southern Venezuela and the Guianas to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700916","banfru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banfru1","avibase-B4177148",null,null,"America; restricted to Surinam by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 58.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","[Gracula] foetida"],["12788","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Conioptilon","Lowery & O'Neill, 1966","The Auk 83, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Conioptilon mcilhennyi [Lowery & O'Neill, 1966]; type by monotypy",null,"A New Genus and Species of Cotinga from Eastern Peru","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol83/iss1/1/","Conioptilon"],["12789","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Conioptilon mcilhennyi","Lowery & O'Neill, 1966","The Auk 83, no.1 p.3","Black-faced Cotinga","Black-faced Cotinga","Black-faced Cotinga",null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru (southern Ucayali and southern Madre de Dios)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700913","blfcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfcot1","avibase-65DFFBD4",null,null,"Balta (10° 08' S; 71° 13' W), Río Curanja, Loreto, Peru.","A new genus and species of Cotinga from Eastern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol83/iss1/1/","Conioptilon mcilhennyi"],["12790","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Xipholena","Gloger, 1841","Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte p.320 ?yr",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ampelis pompadora [Linnaeus, 1766 ]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 56). = Turdus puniceus Pallas, 1764  ",null,null,null,"Xipholena"],["12791","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Xipholena punicea","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.2 no.99","Pompadour Cotinga","Pompadour Cotinga","Pompadour Cotinga",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northeastern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700894","pomcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomcot1","avibase-FCFA9431",null,null,"South America; Surinam proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 109.",null,null,"Turdus puniceus"],["12792","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Xipholena atropurpurea","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.260 (or p.262), note","White-winged Cotinga","White-winged Cotinga","White-winged Cotinga",null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Paraíba to northern Rio de Janeiro)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700900","whwcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwcot1","avibase-5C47B2C6",null,null,"Morro d'Arara [= Rio Mucuri, Espírito Santo] , Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/278/mode/1up","Ampelis atro-purpurea"],["12793","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Xipholena lamellipennis","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.1 text to pl.9, p.1-2; pl.9","White-tailed Cotinga","White-tailed Cotinga","White-tailed Cotinga",null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós to northern Maranhão)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700897","whtcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtcot1","avibase-93DBB062",null,null,"South America; restricted to Pará [=Belém] by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 110.","G. COTINGA. AMPELIS. Lin. - C. à plumes en lamelles. Ampelis lamellipennis. De Lafr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123272#page/251/mode/1up","Ampelis lamellipennis"],["12794","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Carpodectes","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.583",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Carpodectes nitidus [Salvin, 1865]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/679/mode/1up","Carpodectes"],["12795","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Carpodectes hopkei","Berlepsch, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5, no.11 p.174","Black-tipped Cotinga","Black-tipped Cotinga","Black-tipped Cotinga",null,null,"humid lowlands of eastern Panama to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700910","bltcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltcot1","avibase-4A9F7370",null,null,"San Jose, Río Dagua, Colombia.","Beschreibung vier neuer Vogelarten aus West-Columbien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/190/mode/1up","Carpodectes hopkei"],["12796","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Carpodectes nitidus","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.583 pl.35","Snowy Cotinga","Snowy Cotinga","Snowy Cotinga",null,null,"Caribbean slope of northern Honduras to far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700904","snocot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snocot1","avibase-353F2DD3",null,null,"Tucurrique [= Tucurriqui] , Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/679/mode/1up","Carpodectes nitidus"],["12797","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Carpodectes antoniae","Ridgway, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.5 p.27 pl.2","Yellow-billed Cotinga","Yellow-billed Cotinga","Yellow-billed Cotinga",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700907","yebcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcot1","avibase-1498FEE2",null,null,"Pirris, southwestern Costa Rica.","On a new Carpodectes from South-western Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/59/mode/1up","Carpodectes antoniae"],["12798","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 2 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ampelis cotinga [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Ampelis cotinga Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111092#page/485/mode/1up","Cotinga"],["12799","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga maynana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.298","Plum-throated Cotinga","Plum-throated Cotinga","Plum-throated Cotinga",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700880","pltcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltcot1","avibase-4E7079A1",null,null,"Maynas, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/302/mode/1up","[Ampelis] Maynana"],["12800","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.298","Spangled Cotinga","Spangled Cotinga","Spangled Cotinga",null,null,"southern Venezuela and the Guianas to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700891","spacot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spacot1","avibase-0AEB98CC",null,null,"Brazil and Cayenne; type from Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 108.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/302/mode/1up","[Ampelis] cayana"],["12801","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga amabilis","Gould, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.330 p.64 pl.123","Lovely Cotinga","Lovely Cotinga","Lovely Cotinga",null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southern Mexico (Veracruz) to southeastern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700871","lovcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lovcot1","avibase-6D5FE7C8",null,null,"Guatemala; restricted to Verapaz (J. T. Z.).","Descriptions of three new and very beautiful species of Birds, from Guatemala and from the Island of Lombock.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/76/mode/1up","Cotinga amabilis"],["12802","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga nattererii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.2","Blue Cotinga","Blue Cotinga","Blue Cotinga",null,null,"central Panama to Colombia, northwestern Ecuador, and western Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700877","blucot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blucot1","avibase-206E4EAA",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/12/mode/1up","Ampelis Nattererii"],["12803","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga ridgwayi","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.599 p.1 pl.6 fig.3","Turquoise Cotinga","Turquoise Cotinga","Turquoise Cotinga",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica to western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700874","turcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turcot1","avibase-EADC7DCB",null,null,"part, Pozo Azul, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/15/mode/1up","Cotinga ridgwayi"],["12804","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga cotinga","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.298","Purple-breasted Cotinga","Purple-breasted Cotinga","Purple-breasted Cotinga",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700883","pubcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubcot1","avibase-6F0076C1",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to vicinity of Belém, Pará, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/302/mode/1up","[Ampelis] Cotinga"],["12805","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Cotinga maculata","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.147","Banded Cotinga","Banded Cotinga","Banded Cotinga",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700886","bancot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bancot1","avibase-35891611",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/167/mode/1up","Ampelis maculatus"],["12806","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.228",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ampelis variegata [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 34). = Ampelis averano Hermann, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/252/mode/1up","Procnias"],["12807","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias tricarunculatus","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.193","Three-wattled Bellbird","Three-wattled Bellbird","Three-wattled Bellbird",null,null,"humid montane forest of Nicaragua to western Panama",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700946","thwbel","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thwbel","avibase-7818C61C",null,null,"'Bocos del toro (Nouvelle-Grenade)' [= Bocas del Toro, northwestern Panama] .","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/211/mode/1up","Casmarhynchus tricarunculatus"],["12808","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias albus","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.213","White Bellbird","White Bellbird","White Bellbird",null,null,"humid lowland and foothill forest in montane regions and tepuis of eastern and southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northernmost Brazil; also locally in the eastern Amazon basin of eastern Pará, Brazil, including the Sierra dos Carajas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700957","whibel2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whibel2","avibase-756A7501",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/233/mode/1up","Ampelis alba"],["12809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias albus albus","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFF38D34",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/233/mode/1up","Ampelis alba"],["12810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias albus wallacei","Oren & Novaes, 1985","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 105 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Belém area of eastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A15EAB58",null,null,"Belém, Pará, Brasil.","A new subspecies of White Bellbird Procnias alba (Hermann) from southeastern Amazonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/243/mode/1up","Procnias alba wallacei"],["12811","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias nudicollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.164","Bare-throated Bellbird","Bare-throated Bellbird","Bare-throated Bellbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Alagoas) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700968","batbel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batbel1","avibase-B5B626C7",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/182/mode/1up","Ampelis nudicollis"],["12812","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias averano","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.211,214","Bearded Bellbird","Bearded Bellbird","Bearded Bellbird",null,null,"humid to deciduous forest and tall Caatinga and Cerrado woodland from the slopes of Sierra del Perijá, in western Venezuela and adjacent Colombia, eastward along the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela and locally in the foothills of the Andes to the Paria Peninsula and Trinidad; in the tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and adjacent Brazil; and in the Cerrado, Caatinga and adjacent eastern Amazonia in northeastern Brazil, southward to southern Tocantins and eastward to Pernambuco and Alagoas",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700965","beabel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beabel1","avibase-C5682CE4",null,null,"no locality, but presumably Brazil; restricted to northeastern Brazil by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 240.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/231/mode/1up","Ampelis Averano"],["12813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias averano carnobarba","(Cuvier, 1816)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 4 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, Trinidad, western Guyana, and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE6B18D7",null,null,"no locality; type from Trinidad, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 240.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17709#page/184/mode/1up","Ampelis carnobarba"],["12814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Procnias averano averano","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.211,214",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí to Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-421FF370",null,null,"no locality, but presumably Brazil; restricted to northeastern Brazil by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 240.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/231/mode/1up","Ampelis Averano"],["12815","genus","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.318",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa plumbea [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 29). = Muscicapa vociferans zu Wied-Neuwied, 1820  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/167/mode/1up","Lipaugus"],["12816","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus unirufus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.385","Rufous Piha","Rufous Piha","Rufous Piha",null,null,"humid forest in lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) through central and southern Belize and Nicaragua, thence both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama through western and north-central Colombia, southward west of Andes to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700859","rufpih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufpih1","avibase-EF5C2BE1",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico and Verapaz, Guatemala; type from Playa Vicente, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 161.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/477/mode/1up","Lipaugus unirufus"],["12817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus unirufus unirufus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southern Mexico to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF1C1043",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico and Verapaz, Guatemala; type from Playa Vicente, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 161.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/477/mode/1up","Lipaugus unirufus"],["12818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus unirufus castaneotinctus","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.610",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7065535",null,null,"Río Durango, Ecuador.","Some further notes on the birds of North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/680/mode/1up","Lathria unirufus castaneotinctus"],["12819","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus streptophorus","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.448","Rose-collared Piha","Rose-collared Piha","Rose-collared Piha",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent western Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700865","rocpih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpih1","avibase-33D1F117",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/502/mode/1up","Lathria streptophora"],["12820","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus vociferans","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.240 (or p.242), note","Screaming Piha","Screaming Piha","Screaming Piha",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700856","scrpih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrpih1","avibase-7F74A595",null,null,"Fazenda Pindoba, north of Caravellos, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/258/mode/1up","Muscicapa vociferans"],["12821","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus lanioides","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.7 col.156","Cinnamon-vented Piha","Cinnamon-vented Piha","Cinnamon-vented Piha",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais to northeastern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700862","civpih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/civpih1","avibase-56D22505",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 30.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (10e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/60/mode/1up","Turdampelis lanioides"],["12822","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus ater","(de Férussac, 1829)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 19 p.324","Black-and-gold Cotinga","Black-and-gold Cotinga","Black-and-gold Cotinga",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and southern Minas Gerais to far eastern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700718","bagcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bagcot1","avibase-99978F19",null,null,"interior of Brazil; restricted to Serra do Mar, Rio de Janeiro, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90882#page/174/mode/1up","Tijuca atra"],["12823","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus conditus","(Snow, 1980)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 100 p.213 [213-215]","Grey-winged Cotinga","Gray-winged Cotinga","Grey-winged Cotinga",null,null,"cloudforest of southeastern Brazil in Rio de Janeiro (Serra dos Órgãos)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700721","gywcot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gywcot1","avibase-3E1D4D61",null,null,"Hacienda Guinle, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.","A new species of cotinga from southeastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126875#page/251/mode/1up","Tijuca condita"],["12824","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus weberi","Cuervo, Salaman, Donegan & Ochoa, 2001","Ibis vol.143 p.353-368,front.","Chestnut-capped Piha","Chestnut-capped Piha","Chestnut-capped Piha",null,null,"northern slope of central Cordillera of Andes of Colombia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729457","chcpih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcpih1","avibase-5309608B",null,null,"La Forzosa, Vereda Roble Arriba, 10 Km. suroeste del Pueblo Anorí, 6°59', 58, 3\"N, 75°08'33,5\"W, Antioquia, Colombia.","New species of piha (Cotingidae: Lipaugus) from the Cordillera Central of Colombia.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2001.tb04937.x","Lipaugus weberi"],["12825","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus fuscocinereus","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.291","Dusky Piha","Dusky Piha","Dusky Piha",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and far northern Peru (Piura)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700844","duspih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duspih1","avibase-DB7C4B4C",null,null,"Colombia [= 'Bogotá].","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/299/mode/1up","Querula fusco-cinerea"],["12826","species","Passeriformes","Cotingidae","Cotingas","Lipaugus uropygialis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.355 pl.32","Scimitar-winged Piha","Scimitar-winged Piha","Scimitar-winged Piha",null,null,"southern Peru (Cordillera Apolobamba of Puno) and western Bolivia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700847","scwpih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scwpih1","avibase-BE88CB54",null,null,"Tilotilo, 8,000 ft., La Paz, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/443/mode/1up","Lathria uropygialis"],["12827","family","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityridae",null,null,"Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityras and Allies","Tityras and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"tityri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tityri1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12828","genus","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniisoma","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Laniisoma arcuatum [Swainson, 1832]; type by original designation = Ampelis elegans Thunberg, 1823",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/666/mode/1up","Laniisoma"],["12829","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniisoma elegans","(Thunberg, 1823)","Ampelis cujus novas species venia exp. Facult. Med. Upsal. præside C. P. Thunberg ... p. p. Otto Fridr. Tullberg, Smolandus. in audit. botanico die XIV Junii MDCCCXXIII p.2","Brazilian Laniisoma","Brazilian Laniisoma","Elegant Laniisoma","2025-0834","Taxon <em>buckleyi </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Laniisoma elegans</em> based on vocalizations (Boesman 2016c), genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), and differences in male and female plumages.","tropical southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to eastern Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700705","shlcot3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shlcot3","avibase-A13F03C6",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to mountains of Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 4.",null,null,"Ampelis elegans"],["12830","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniisoma buckleyi","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.158 pl.16","Andean Laniisoma","Andean Laniisoma","Andean Laniisoma","2025-0834","Taxon <em>buckleyi </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Laniisoma elegans</em> based on vocalizations (Boesman 2016c), genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), and differences in male and female plumages.","humid foothill and montane forest in the eastern Andes from far southwestern Venezuela southward patchily from Colombia to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728535","shlcot2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shlcot2","avibase-73808E99",null,null,"Pindo, Pastaza, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/222/mode/1up","Ptilochloris buckleyi"],["12831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniisoma buckleyi venezuelense","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"locally from tropical northeastern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-980880D5",null,null,"Santa Barbara, 200 m., Barinas, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Laniisoma elegans venezuelensis"],["12832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniisoma buckleyi buckleyi","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.158 pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44513FBB",null,null,"Pindo, Pastaza, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/222/mode/1up","Ptilochloris buckleyi"],["12833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniisoma buckleyi cadwaladeri","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D8656A1",null,null,"Santa Ana, 2,200 ft., Río Coroico, La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Laniisoma cadwaladeri"],["12834","genus","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniocera","Lesson, 1841","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Laniocera sanguinaria [Lesson, 1841]; type by monotypy = Ampelis hypopyrra Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/363/mode/1up","Laniocera"],["12835","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniocera hypopyrra","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.164","Cinereous Mourner","Cinereous Mourner","Cinereous Mourner",null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, eastern Brazil, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700386","cinmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinmou1","avibase-8C350908",null,null,"La Guyane [= Cayenne].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/182/mode/1up","Ampelis hypopyrra"],["12836","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniocera rufescens","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.276","Speckled Mourner","Speckled Mourner","Speckled Mourner",null,null,"humid forest from southeastern Mexico southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America to eastern Panama; in northern Colombia in the lower Cauca and middle Magdalena Valleys, and west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700383","spemou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spemou1","avibase-7609CE39",null,null,"Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/288/mode/1up","Lipaugus rufescens"],["12837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniocera rufescens rufescens","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southern Mexico to northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0D8915A",null,null,"Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/288/mode/1up","Lipaugus rufescens"],["12838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniocera rufescens tertia","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-388809D1",null,null,"Bulun [= Pulun] , Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Some further notes on the birds of North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/679/mode/1up","Aulia tertia"],["12839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Laniocera rufescens griseigula","Meyer de Schauensee, 1950","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia (Córdoba, Antioquia, and Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20F27CAF",null,null,"Quimari, 400 m., southwestern Bolívar, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Laniocera rufescens griseigula"],["12840","genus","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis","Bonaparte, 1854","Ateneo Italiano 2, no.11 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa turdina [zu Wied, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,"Conspectus volucrum anisodactylorum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181952#page/6/mode/1up","Schiffornis"],["12841","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis major","des Murs, 1856","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.66 pl.18 fig.2","Varzea Schiffornis","Varzea Schiffornis","Varzea Schiffornis",null,null,"varzea forest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to northwestern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil (eastward to the western side of Rio Tapajos in eastern Amazonas, adjacent Pará, and northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700617","varsch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varsch1","avibase-FDC79991",null,null,"Sarayacu, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/236/mode/1up","Schiffornis major"],["12842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis major duidae","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical south-central Venezuela (southern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-582CE32F",null,null,"right bank of Río Cassiquiare, opposite El Merey, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Schiffornis major duidae"],["12843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis major major","des Murs, 1856","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.66 pl.18 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B9E5E90",null,null,"Sarayacu, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/236/mode/1up","Schiffornis major"],["12844","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis virescens","(de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.9 p.238","Greenish Schiffornis","Greenish Schiffornis","Greenish Schiffornis",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700629","gresch2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gresch2","avibase-DC638A66",null,null,"Brazil; type from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 78.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/246/mode/1up","Ptil[ochloris] virescens"],["12845","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis olivacea","(Ridgway, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.118","Guianan Schiffornis","Olivaceous Schiffornis","Olivaceous Mourner",null,null,"eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103677334","thlsch7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlsch7","avibase-5CA8A372",null,null,"Río Mato, lower Caura, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/154/mode/1up","Scotothorus olivaceus"],["12846","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis turdina","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.817","Brown-winged Schiffornis","Brown-winged Schiffornis","Brown-winged Mourner",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela southward to central Bolivia and south-central Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso, eastward to northeastern Pará and western Maranhão); also in the Atlantic Forest region of northeastern Brazil (Paraiba southward to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103677312","thlsch3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlsch3","avibase-D54C8603",null,null,"eastern Brazil; type from Bahia, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 79.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/839/mode/1up","Muscicapa turdina"],["12847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis turdina amazona","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.466",null,null,null,"2026-044","<em>Schiffornis turdina amazonum</em> is hereby corrected to <em>Schiffornis turdina amazona</em>. The subspecific name, originally published as the combination <em>Heteropelma amazonum</em>, is treated here as an adjective contra David and Gosselin (2011) who considered it a noun in the genitive plural. With <em>Schiffornis</em> being a feminine genus, the correct spelling becomes <em>amazona</em>.","southern Venezuela to eastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Negro and northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7817D0F0",null,null,"Chamicuros, Río Huallaga, Peru.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/580/mode/1up","Heteropelma amazonum"],["12848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis turdina wallacii","(Sclater & Salvin, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.579",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River (from Rio Tapajós and lower Rio Teles Pires eastward to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19BE4CF6",null,null,"Pará [= Belém, Para], Brazil.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace on the Lower Amazons and Rio Negro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/601/mode/1up","Heteropelma wallacii"],["12849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis turdina steinbachi","Todd, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"upper tropical southeastern Peru (Junín) to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-820AB3BF",null,null,"Río Yapacani, Sara [= Gutierrez] , Bolivia.","Five new Manakins from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/159/mode/1up","Schiffornis turdinus steinbachi"],["12850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis turdina intermedia","Pinto, 1954","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 12 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"campos of eastern Brazil (Paraíba southward to Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51301F0B",null,null,"São Miguel dos Campos, eastern Alagoas, Brazil.","Resultados ornitologicos de duas viagens cientificas ao Estado de Alagoas.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208557","Schiffornis turdinus intermedius"],["12851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis turdina turdina","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.817",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia southward to eastern Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCFC03A2",null,null,"eastern Brazil; type from Bahia, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 79.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/839/mode/1up","Muscicapa turdina"],["12852","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis aenea","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.889 p.22","Foothill Schiffornis","Foothill Schiffornis","Foothill Mourner",null,null,"eastern Andes of Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103677427","thlsch8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlsch8","avibase-9A159343",null,null,"Chaupe, 6,100 ft., Piura, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 22, Notes on the Pipridae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3959/","Schiffornis turdinus aeneus"],["12853","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis stenorhyncha","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.628,632","Russet-winged Schiffornis","Russet-winged Schiffornis","Russet-winged Mourner",null,null,"humid forest from eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and western Venezuela southward to the middle Magdalena Valley in interior Colombia and along the base of the eastern Andes to northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103677383","thlsch4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlsch4","avibase-32718B62",null,null,"San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/750/mode/1up","Heteropelma stenorhynchum"],["12854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis stenorhyncha panamensis","Hellmayr, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.6 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BCB7661",null,null,"El Real, Río Tuyra, eastern Panama.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part VI. Oxyruncidae, Pipridae, Cotingidae, Rupicolidae, Phytotomidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20765#page/98/mode/1up","Schiffornis turdinus panamensis"],["12855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis stenorhyncha stenorhyncha","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.628,632",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF327BF2",null,null,"San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/750/mode/1up","Heteropelma stenorhynchum"],["12856","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis veraepacis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300","Northern Schiffornis","Northern Schiffornis","Northern Mourner",null,null,"humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to eastern Panama and in the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama; in the Pacific lowlands from northwestern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103677449","thlsch2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlsch2","avibase-BB758322",null,null,"[Choctum] , Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Heteropelma verae-pacis"],["12857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis veraepacis veraepacis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf-Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico to southern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-242CFD5B",null,null,"[Choctum] , Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Heteropelma verae-pacis"],["12858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis veraepacis dumicola","(Bangs, 1903)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Panama (Chiriquí, Veraguas, and northern Coclé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72FC8ABB",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí, Panama.","A new race of Scotothorus veraepacis from Chiriqui.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/111/mode/1up","Scotothorus veraepacis dumicola"],["12859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis veraepacis rosenbergi","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.3 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western Colombia (north to Chocó) southward to northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1437D750",null,null,"Cachabi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","On a collection of birds from North-western Ecuador, collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/509/mode/1up","Heteropelma rosenbergi"],["12860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Schiffornis veraepacis acrolophites","Wetmore, 1972","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 150, no.3 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Cerro Mali and Tacarcuna) and adjacent Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C856DC3",null,null,"Cerro Mali, 1,425 m., Darien, Panama.","The birds of the Republic of Panama","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34030#page/361/mode/1up","Schiffornis turdinus acrolophites"],["12861","genus","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Iodopleura","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pardalotus pipra [Lesson, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/53/mode/1up","Iodopleura"],["12862","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Iodopleura pipra","(Lesson, 1831)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) 4 p.81 pl.26","Buff-throated Purpletuft","Buff-throated Purpletuft","Buff-throated Purpletuft",null,null,"humid forest in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil, in Paraiba, southward to Paraná",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700818","butpur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butpur1","avibase-57EC4803",null,null,"'a Trinquemale sur la cote de Ceylan'; error, Rio de Janeiro proposed by Hellmayr, 1915, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 139.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/135/mode/1up","Pardalotus pipra"],["12863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Iodopleura pipra leucopygia","Salvin, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.11 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0246D73",null,null,"British Guiana.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/349/mode/1up","Iodopleura leucopygia"],["12864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Iodopleura pipra pipra","(Lesson, 1831)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) 4 p.81 pl.26",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-817BC9CF",null,null,"'a Trinquemale sur la cote de Ceylan'; error, Rio de Janeiro proposed by Hellmayr, 1915, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 139.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/135/mode/1up","Pardalotus pipra"],["12865","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Iodopleura fusca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.162","Dusky Purpletuft","Dusky Purpletuft","Dusky Purpletuft",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700824","duspur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duspur1","avibase-F3AFDDC3",null,null,"Brazil; emended to Cayenne by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 143.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/180/mode/1up","Ampelis fusca"],["12866","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Iodopleura isabellae","Parzudaki, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.186","White-browed Purpletuft","White-browed Purpletuft","White-browed Purpletuft",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to northwestern Bolivia; in Brazil north and south of the Amazon River west of the Rio Negro, eastward only south of the Amazon River to northeastern Brazil, in western Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700821","whbpur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbpur1","avibase-C12DB91E",null,null,"Río Negro, Venezuela; restricted to San Carlos, Amazonas, by Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12, no. 75, p. 118.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Iodopleurus (Lesson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/194/mode/1up","Iodopleura Isabellae"],["12867","genus","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lanius cayanus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Lanius cayanus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f45.item","Tityra"],["12868","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra leucura","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.120,183","White-tailed Tityra","White-tailed Tityra","White-tailed Tityra","2025-0839","<em>Tityra leucura</em> is recognized as a valid species based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a synonym of <em>T. inquisitor</em>, or considered to be of hybrid origin (<em>inquisitor </em>x <em>albitorques</em>), differences in plumage and bill size are more consistent with species status (Whittaker 2008). Genetic analysis of the type specimen would provide additional perspective on the species status of <em>T. leucura</em>. A recently photographed and videotaped individual summarized in SACC proposal #1035 strongly supports its specific status.","Rio Madeira-Rio Tapajós interfluvium, south-central Brazil",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103677030","whttit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttit2","avibase-8B9C1238",null,null,"Salto do Girao [= Salto do Jirau], Rio Madeira, Brasil (Rondônia)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/130/mode/1up","Tityra (Erator) leucura"],["12869","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra inquisitor","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.50","Black-crowned Tityra","Black-crowned Tityra","Black-crowned Tityra",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and borders on the Gulf of Mexico slope from eastern Mexico southward aong the Caribbean slope of Central America (including the Yucatan Peninsula), and the Pacific slope of Costa and Panama; in northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador; from northern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to northern Bolivia, and across interior Brazil to northern Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700692","blctit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctit1","avibase-85750F2B",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/70/mode/1up","L[anius] Inquisitor"],["12870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra inquisitor fraserii","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.221 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05C2A62D",null,null,"locality unknown; restricted to Veracruz, Mexico, by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 223.","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/75/mode/1up","Ps[aris] Fraserii"],["12871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra inquisitor albitorques","Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to northwestern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (Rio Juruá and Amazon eastward to Manaus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-341915C6",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Chayavitas, western Loreto (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/750/mode/1up","Tityra albitorques"],["12872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra inquisitor buckleyi","Salvin & Godman, 1890","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.120,note",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia (Caquetá) and eastern Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE94F88B",null,null,"Yanayacu, eastern Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/130/mode/1up","Tityra buckleyi"],["12873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra inquisitor erythrogenys","(Selby, 1826)","The Zoological Journal 2, no.8 p.483",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (north of the lower Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5A53288",null,null,"Pernambuco; error, Cayenne proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 220.","LI. An Account of a new of fifth Species of the Genus Psaris, Cuv.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/509/mode/1up","Psaris erythrogenys"],["12874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra inquisitor pelzelni","Salvin & Godman, 1890","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.120,note",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Bolivia and Brazil south of the Amazon River (from left bank of Rio Madeira eastward to eastern Maranhão, southward to Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17A1DEA9",null,null,"Mato Grosso; type from Vila Bela de Mato Grosso, Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 218.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/130/mode/1up","Tityra pelzelni"],["12875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra inquisitor inquisitor","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Brazil (southern Piauí) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CDFDD36",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/70/mode/1up","L[anius] Inquisitor"],["12876","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137","Black-tailed Tityra","Black-tailed Tityra",null,"2025-0831","Taxon <em>braziliensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Tityra cayana</em> based on vocalizations, evidence of intergradation where the two forms meet (Hellmayr 1929), and divergence in mitochondrial (Barber &amp; Rice 2007) and genomic DNA (Musher et al. 2019) that is similar to subspecific differentiation within the closely related <em>T. semifasciata</em>.","tropical rainforest and borders from northern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin and the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions of Brazil to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil, in southern Rio Grande do Sul",null,null,null,"blttit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blttit1","avibase-CB7A4FE8",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","[Lanius] cayanus"],["12877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra cayana cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB675DF1",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","[Lanius] cayanus"],["12878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra cayana braziliensis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36E5F06B",null,null,"northern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/298/mode/1up","Psaris Braziliensis"],["12879","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.32, pl.44, f.2","Masked Tityra","Masked Tityra","Masked Tityra",null,null,"humid, semi-humid, and dry forest and woodland on the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico slopes from northern Mexico southward across Central America to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, eastward to the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela and in interior Colombia southward to the middle Magdalena Valley; in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia, eastward in Brazil to northeastern Brazil, in Amapá, and southward to southern Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso do Sul, eastern Paraguay, and adjacent Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700689","mastit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mastit1","avibase-EA93E0B1",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/46/mode/1up","Pachyrhynchus semifasciatus"],["12880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata hannumi","Van Rossem & Hachisuka, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora and northeastern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3CE4A58",null,null,"San Francisco Canon on Sonora-Sinaloa boundary, 2,000 ft., extreme southeastern Sonora, Mexico.","A northern race of Tityra semifasciata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/227/mode/1up","Tityra semifasciata hannumi"],["12881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata griseiceps","Ridgway, 1888","The Auk 5, no.3 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of Mexico (Sinaloa and western Durango to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB7A8EDF",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa and Sierra Madre de Colima, Mexico.","Description of a new Tityra from western Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/6/","Tityra personata griseiceps"],["12882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata deses","Bangs, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0028420",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.","Three new subspecies of birds from eastern Mexico and Yucatan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/161/mode/1up","Tityra semifasciata deses"],["12883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata personata","Jardine & Selby, 1827","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.2 pl.24, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-076973E0",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/167/mode/1up","Tityra personata"],["12884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata costaricensis","Ridgway, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9122734",null,null,"Bonilla, Atlantic slope of Costa Rica.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/155/mode/1up","Tityra semifasciata costaricensis"],["12885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata columbiana","Ridgway, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-855BF442",null,null,"La Concepcion, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/155/mode/1up","Tityra semifasciata columbiana"],["12886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata nigriceps","Allen, 1888","The Auk 5, no.3 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1833F883",null,null,"headwaters of the Napo; error, near Gualea, Pichincha, western Ecuador, proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 212.","Description of a new species of the genus Tityra, from Ecuador.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/13/","Tityra nigriceps"],["12887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata semifasciata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.32, pl.44, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CC1B65B",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/46/mode/1up","Pachyrhynchus semifasciatus"],["12888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Tityra semifasciata fortis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DADD9E52",null,null,"La Gloria and La Merced, Peru; type from La Gloria, 3,200 ft., valley of the Chanchamayo, central-eastern Peru, fide Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool, Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 150.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/427/mode/1up","Tityra semifasciata fortis"],["12889","genus","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Xenopsaris","Ridgway, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.870 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pachyrhamphus albinucha [Burmeister, 1869]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/551/mode/1up","Xenopsaris"],["12890","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Xenopsaris albinucha","(Burmeister, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.635","White-naped Xenopsaris","White-naped Xenopsaris","White-naped Xenopsaris",null,null,"seasonal dry forest, savanna woodland, gallery forest, and grassland with trees in northern Venezuela and in the tepuis of western Guyana and adjacent Brazil; in the Cerrado and Caatinga of northeastern Brazil southward at least to Bahia; from southern Paraguay, northern Argentina, western Uruguay, and adjacent Brazil southward to northern province of Buenos Aires, this population wintering in eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and central to southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700632","whnxen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnxen1","avibase-7F7A0ED6",null,null,"sedges of shores of Río de la Plata, near Buenos Aires, Argentina.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Argentine Republic and adjacent Lands. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/753/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus albinucha"],["12891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Xenopsaris albinucha minor","Hellmayr, 1920","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.3 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in western and central Venezuela and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B70A2227",null,null,"Quiribana de Caicara, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","New neotropical birds described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/29/mode/1up","Xenopsaris albinucha minor"],["12892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Xenopsaris albinucha albinucha","(Burmeister, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.635",null,null,null,null,null,"interior northeastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-378DC66C",null,null,"sedges of shores of Río de la Plata, near Buenos Aires, Argentina.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Argentine Republic and adjacent Lands. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/753/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus albinucha"],["12893","genus","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psaris cuvierii [Swainson, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 31).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/45/mode/1up","Pachyramphus"],["12894","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus surinamus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.325","Glossy-backed Becard","Glossy-backed Becard","Glossy-backed Becard",null,null,"Suriname, French Guiana and lower Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700661","glbbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glbbec1","avibase-14726786",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/329/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] surinama"],["12895","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.295","Cinnamon Becard","Cinnamon Becard","Cinnamon Becard",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and borders from southeastern Mexico southward along the Gulf of Mexico slope of Central America to Panama and the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama, in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela southward in interior Colombia to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, east of the Andes in the foothills from western Venezuela southward to northeastern Colombia, and along Pacific Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700641","cinbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinbec1","avibase-BBABBA53",null,null,"along line of Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill (McLeannon Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1890, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 2, p. 126.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/315/mode/1up","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus"],["12896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus fulvidior","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas) to far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C24DA18C",null,null,"Toledo district, British Honduras.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/453/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus cinnamomeus fulvidior"],["12897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to Colombia and Ecuador (southward to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2249871",null,null,"along line of Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill (McLeannon Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1890, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 2, p. 126.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/315/mode/1up","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus"],["12898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus magdalenae","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.629",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Maracaibo basin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9396EEE8",null,null,"Algodonal, Río Magdalena, Bolívar, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Pachyrhamphus magdalenae"],["12899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus badius","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (southern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE908BC9",null,null,"Burgua, 350 m., Campamento Petrolero, Táchira, Venezuela.","Five new Venezuelan birds and nine extensions of ranges to Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/68/mode/1up","Pachyramphus cinnamomeus badius"],["12900","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus castaneus","(Jardine & Selby, 1827)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.1 pl.10, fig.2, with text","Chestnut-crowned Becard","Chestnut-crowned Becard","Chestnut-crowned Becard",null,null,"humid forest and borders in the coastal mountains and foothills of the Andes of northern Venezuela, in the tepuis of southern Venezuela and northernmost Brazil across the Amazon basin, north to the Amazon River, from eastern Colombia eastward to northeastern Brazil and southward to central Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest from eastern Brazil (central Bahia southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul), northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700644","chcbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcbec1","avibase-3A6FE3D7",null,null,"South America; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 34.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/80/mode/1up","Tityra castanea"],["12901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus castaneus saturatus","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.628",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas, Acre, and Rondônia eastward to Manacapuru and Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12F777CB",null,null,"La Morelia, Río Caquetá, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Pachyrhamphus castaneus saturatus"],["12902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus castaneus intermedius","Berlepsch, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Venezuela (Falcón to Sucre and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46ADFDB6",null,null,"San Esteban and Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Eine neue Gattung und neue Arten aus Sudamerika.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Pachyrhamphus intermedius"],["12903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus castaneus parui","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela (Cerro Parú in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E264BD25",null,null,"Cerro Parii, 1,600 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/204/mode/1up","Pachyramphus castaneus parui"],["12904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus castaneus amazonus","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.894 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (both banks of the Amazon River from eastern Amazonas and Pará eastward to Rio Tocantins and Rio Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B13E54D",null,null,"Rosarinho, Rio Madeira (left bank), Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 24, Notes on Pachyramphus, Platypsaris, Tityra, and Pyroderus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3967/","Pachyramphus castaneus amazonus"],["12905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus castaneus castaneus","(Jardine & Selby, 1827)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.1 pl.10, fig.2, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Bahia and southeastern Goiás) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CA502B5",null,null,"South America; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 34.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/80/mode/1up","Tityra castanea"],["12906","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus salvini","Richmond, 1899","The Auk 16, no.2 p.186","Cryptic Becard","Cryptic Becard",null,"2025-0836","Taxon <em>salvini </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Pachyramphus albogriseus</em> based on the integrative analysis of vocalizations, morphology, and genomic DNA data of Musher et al. (2023), with <em>guayaquilensis </em>treated as a synonym of <em>P. salvini</em>.","west slope of Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and Río Marañón drainage; also east slope of Andes from Ecuador to central Peru, perhaps only seasonally",null,null,null,"bawbec6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawbec6","avibase-7CF1D272",null,null,"Chusgón, Perú.","Four Preoccupied Names","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss2/28/","Pachyrhamphus salvini"],["12907","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.10","White-winged Becard","White-winged Becard","White-winged Becard",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and woodland, gallery forest, and river islands from northern Guatemala, Belize, and adjacent Mexico southward to northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas, and southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins, in interior Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, west of the Andes southward along the foothills of the Andes to northwestern Ecuador, and the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700647","whwbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwbec1","avibase-CE997BBD",null,null,"Nouvelle-Hollande; Bahia, Brazil, proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 179.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/18/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos polychopterus"],["12908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus similis","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Mexico (eastern Chiapas), Belize, and Caribbean slope of Guatemala southward to Costa Rica and Panama (both slopes), and to far northwestern Colombia (northern Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20BB4B5A",null,null,"Greytown, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/387/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus similis"],["12909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus cinereiventris","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (except for northern Chocó), eastward to the Santa Marta region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCEE0461",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/508/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus cinereiventris"],["12910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus dorsalis","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Colombia (west slope of Andes in southern Nariño, and upper Cauca and Magdalena valleys) and northwestern Ecuador (southward to northern Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17951BA6",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/511/mode/1up","Pachyramphus dorsalis"],["12911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus tenebrosus","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.894 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Caquetá) southward to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru (north of the Amazon eastward to the Napo, also south of the Marañón eastward to the lower Huallaga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58358C71",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 24, Notes on Pachyramphus, Platypsaris, Tityra, and Pyroderus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3967/","Pachyramphus polychopterus tenebrosus"],["12912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus tristis","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.221 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Norte de Santander) eastward to the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, and northeastern Brazil (Roraima eastward to Maranhão and southeastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56D63009",null,null,"no locality; Cayenne proposed by Bangs and Penard, 1921, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 387","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/76/mode/1up","Psaris marginatus tristis"],["12913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus nigriventris","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.331 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Meta) southward through eastern Peru (east of the range of tenebrosus) to northern Bolivia, and eastward to southern Venezuela and western Brazil (both banks of upper Amazon River eastward to Rio Jamundá and east bank of Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F1AE174",null,null,"Sin localidad típica indicada \"Amazonas, prope Fonteboa\" designada por Berlepsch, 1902: 56.","Review of the species of the South American Subfamily Tityrinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/88/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus nigriventris"],["12914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus polychopterus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Piauí and Ceará to Alagoas and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7518A40",null,null,"Nouvelle-Hollande; Bahia, Brazil, proposed by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 179.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/18/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos polychopterus"],["12915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus polychopterus spixii","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.289-290",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central and southern Brazil (Mato Grosso to Espírito Santo, southward to Rio Grande do Sul) and possibly southern Bolivia, southward to northern Argentina; partially migratory, wintering northward to southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B9A4B65",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 177.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/301/mode/1up","Pachyrynchus Spixii"],["12916","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus marginatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.51","Black-capped Becard","Black-capped Becard","Black-capped Becard",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from central and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northern Bolivia and in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil, in Paraiba, southward to northern Santa Catarina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700658","blcbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcbec1","avibase-FC849C19",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil. (given in the 1820 list)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/71/mode/1up","T[odus] marginatus"],["12917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus marginatus nanus","Bangs & Penard, 1921","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 64, no.4 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A446967",null,null,"Xeberos, Peruvian Amazon, Peru.","Notes on some American Birds, chiefly neotropical.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28057#page/435/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus marginatus nanus"],["12918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus marginatus marginatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to southeastern São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77BC0629",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil. (given in the 1820 list)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/71/mode/1up","T[odus] marginatus"],["12919","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus albogriseus","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.331 p.78","Black-and-white Becard","Black-and-white Becard",null,"2025-0836","Taxon <em>salvini </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Pachyramphus albogriseus</em> based on the integrative analysis of vocalizations, morphology, and genomic DNA data of Musher et al. (2023), with <em>guayaquilensis </em>treated as a synonym of <em>P. salvini</em>.","humid foothill and montane forest in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the eastern Andes of Colombia to southeastern Peru, in Cusco",null,null,null,"bawbec7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawbec7","avibase-635B3BEC",null,null,"part (male only) 'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Review of the species of the South American Subfamily Tityrinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/90/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus albo-griseus"],["12920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus albogriseus ornatus","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to western Panama (Chiriquí and Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-969DF777",null,null,"Barranca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/382/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus ornatus"],["12921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus albogriseus albogriseus","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.331 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Andes of northern Colombia (Boyacá), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and northern Venezuela, and along the eastern slope of the Andes from southern Colombia southward to southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-119ECBF9",null,null,"part (male only) 'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Review of the species of the South American Subfamily Tityrinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/90/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus albo-griseus"],["12922","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus major","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.246","Grey-collared Becard","Gray-collared Becard",null,"2025-0833","Taxon <em>uropygialis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pachyramphus major</em> based on vocal similarity, genetics (Musher &amp; Cracraft 2018; Musher et al. 2019, 2023), and variability in female plumage characters that had been considered diagnostic. Further research needed as nominate <em>major </em>has not been included in any genetic studies.","forest and edge from lowlands to mountains of central Sonora on Pacific slope and central Nuevo León on Caribbean slope southward through Mexico, including Yucatan Peninsula (but not usually Cozumel), and to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,"grcbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcbec1","avibase-1E00CDF2",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/254/mode/1up","Bathmidurus major"],["12923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus major uropygialis","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, Michoacán, and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62E100BF",null,null,"Plomosas, Sinaloa, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Pachyrhamphus major uropygialis"],["12924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus major major","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Nuevo León and San Luis Potosí to Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D6B8CD9",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/254/mode/1up","Bathmidurus major"],["12925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus major matudai","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-008976B3",null,null,"Finca Guatimoc, 7 km. north of Cacahoatan, southeastern Chiapas, Mexico.","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/149/mode/1up","Pachyramphus major matudai"],["12926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus major itzensis","Nelson, 1901","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo) and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-416166E3",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/191/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus major itzensis"],["12927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus major australis","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Guatemala to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22A5331B",null,null,"San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Pachyrhamphus major australis"],["12928","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus versicolor","(Hartlaub, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.289","Barred Becard","Barred Becard","Barred Becard",null,null,"humid montane forest in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and Peru south and east of the Río Marañón southward along the eastern Andes to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700638","barbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barbec1","avibase-69B72BD0",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia].","Description de quatre espèces d'oiseaux de la Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/297/mode/1up","Vireo versicolor"],["12929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus versicolor costaricensis","Bangs, 1908","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5ADD0AB",null,null,"Irazú, Costa Rica.","On certain Costa Rican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/40/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus versicolor costaricensis"],["12930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus versicolor versicolor","(Hartlaub, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F12E24A7",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia].","Description de quatre espèces d'oiseaux de la Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/297/mode/1up","Vireo versicolor"],["12931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus versicolor meridionalis","Carriker, 1934","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 86 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Ecuador to eastern Peru and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D476EA7",null,null,"Río Jelashte, 5,000 ft., San Martin, Peru.","Description of new Birds from Peru, with notes on the nomenclature and status of other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064152","Pachyrhamphus versicolor meridionalis"],["12932","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus viridis","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.348","Green-backed Becard","Green-backed Becard",null,"2025-0832","Taxa <em>xanthogenys </em>(polytypic) and <em>griseigularis </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Pachyramphus viridis</em> based on vocal similarity and genetics (Barber &amp; Rice 2007; Musher &amp; Cracraft 2018; Musher et al. 2019), supported by relatively minor plumage differences. Mitochondrial DNA data align <em>griseigularis </em>with <em>xanthogenys </em>(Musher &amp; Cracraft 2018), rather than <em>viridis </em>as traditionally placed; further genomic and bioacoustic research on species limits would be informative.","humid tropical, foothill, and montane forest and borders in the eastern Andes from southern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru, in the Guiana Shield of eastern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana, in lower Amazon basin in northeastern Brazil, and in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to eastern Bolivia, northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay; in the Yungas of Bolivia also southward to northwestern Argentina and in the southern Amazon basin westward to southwestern Brazil, adjacent Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,"grbbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbbec1","avibase-6D956489",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/370/mode/1up","Tityra viridis"],["12933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus viridis griseigularis","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) and lower Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E9CE72A",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/256/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus griseigularis"],["12934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus viridis viridis","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northern Argentina, eastern Uruguay, Paraguay, and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D61BA65",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/370/mode/1up","Tityra viridis"],["12935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus viridis xanthogenys","Salvadori & Festa, 1898","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 13, no.330 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Ecuador (south to Zamora-Chinchipe)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BA30CA3",null,null,"Río Zamora, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42045#page/229/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus xanthogenys"],["12936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus viridis peruanus","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.410",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru (Huánuco and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F798F12",null,null,"Chanchamayo, 1,500 m., Cuzco, southeastern Peru [= Dept. Junín, central Peru].","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/466/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus peruanus"],["12937","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus spodiurus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.279","Slaty Becard","Slaty Becard","Slaty Becard",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700667","slabec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slabec1","avibase-FECCFDAF",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/361/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus spodiurus"],["12938","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus rufus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.27","Cinereous Becard","Cinereous Becard","Cinereous Becard",null,null,"dry to humid woodland, scrub, riparian groves, and mangroves from eastern Panama eastward to northern Venezuela, southward in interior Colombia along the ríos Cauca and Magdalena and east of the Andes in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia; and from the Guianas southward in the Amazon basin of Brazil to western Tocantins and northern Mato Grosso and westward to northeastern Peru and far southeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700664","cinbec2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinbec2","avibase-69D111A7",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/49/mode/1up","Muscicapa rufa"],["12939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus rufus rufus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Colombia, the Guianas, and Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3DCA122",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/49/mode/1up","Muscicapa rufa"],["12940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus rufus juruanus","Gyldenstolpe, 1951","Arkiv för Zoologi (2) 2 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador to eastern Peru (Loreto) and western Brazil (southwestern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19420E55",null,null,"Igarapé do Gordao, Rio Juruá (left bank), Amazonas, Brazil.","The ornithology of the Rio Puries region in Western Brazil.",null,"Pachyramphus rufus juruanus"],["12941","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus minor","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.363","Pink-throated Becard","Pink-throated Becard","Pink-throated Becard",null,null,"southern Venezuela and the Guianas to eastern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700677","pitbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitbec1","avibase-58599303",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/401/mode/1up","Querula minor"],["12942","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus validus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.50","Crested Becard","Crested Becard","Crested Becard",null,null,"semi-humid to dry woodland and humid montane forest in the Amazon basin south of the Amazon River and in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and northernmost Uruguay; also in the foothills of the Andes from southeastern Peru southward to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700683","crebec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebec1","avibase-DE6F8886",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/70/mode/1up","Lanius validus"],["12943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus validus audax","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru (Ayacucho) to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC59EFA0",null,null,"Monterico, Ayacucho, Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/80/mode/1up","Hadrostomus audax"],["12944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus validus validus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Bolivia to northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D6A694E",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/70/mode/1up","Lanius validus"],["12945","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus niger","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.301","Jamaican Becard","Jamaican Becard","Jamaican Becard",null,null,"wooded hills of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700680","jambec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jambec1","avibase-7D41A02F",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/313/mode/1up","[Lanius] niger"],["12946","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus homochrous","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.142","One-colored Becard","One-colored Becard","One-colored Becard",null,null,"humid to dry forest, woodland and scrub from eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and western Venezuela southward in interior Colombia to the middle Magdalena Valley; west of the Andes southward to west-central Colombia and far southwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700673","oncbec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oncbec1","avibase-5B66BF7C",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/202/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus homochrous"],["12947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus homochrous homochrous","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central Panama to northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95954C7E",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/202/mode/1up","Pachyrhamphus homochrous"],["12948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus homochrous quimarinus","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1950)","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia (Sinú Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED0F05C8",null,null,"Quimari, 400 m., southwestern Bolívar, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Platypsaris homochrous quimarinus"],["12949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus homochrous canescens","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D2FC54B",null,null,"Cagualito [= Cacagualito] , 1,500 ft.. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia,","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Platypsaris homochrous canescens"],["12950","species","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.98","Rose-throated Becard","Rose-throated Becard","Rose-throated Becard",null,null,"woodland, often riparian, and edge in lowlands to hills from southeastern Arizona and far southern Texas through Mexico (except north-central), including Tres Marias Islands, Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel, southward through far western and (disjunctly) central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700670","rotbec","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rotbec","avibase-D7CCEB96",null,null,"Mexico; type from vicinity of Jalapa, Veracruz, fide Nelson, 1899, N. Amer. Fauna, Biol. Surv., 14, p. 47","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/106/mode/1up","Pachyrhynchus Aglaiae"],["12951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae albiventris","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA (southeastern Arizona) and western Mexico (Sonora and Pacific slope from southern Sinaloa southward to northern Guerrero, also up river valleys eastward to Chihuahua, Zacatecas and Morelos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52D51184",null,null,"plains of Colima, Colima, Mexico.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/495/mode/1up","Hadrostomus albiventris"],["12952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae gravis","(Van Rossem, 1938)","The Condor 40, no.6 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal region of northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas southward to San Luis Potosí); casual in far southern Texas (southern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33381F58",null,null,"Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","A new race of Becard from northeastern Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol40/iss6/22/","Platypsaris aglaiae gravis"],["12953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae yucatanensis","(Ridgway, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatán Peninsula (Yucatán, northern Campeche, and northern Quintana Roo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B41D77A1",null,null,"Yucatan, Mexico.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/156/mode/1up","Platypsaris aglaiae yucatanensis"],["12954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae insularis","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands, off Nayarit (western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C800C2A5",null,null,"Las Tres Marías islands, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/347/mode/1up","Platypsaris insularis"],["12955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae aglaiae","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Mexico (central and southern Guerrero eastward to southern Oaxaca and west-central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87073CB1",null,null,"Mexico; type from vicinity of Jalapa, Veracruz, fide Nelson, 1899, N. Amer. Fauna, Biol. Surv., 14, p. 47","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/106/mode/1up","Pachyrhynchus Aglaiae"],["12956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae sumichrasti","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (central Veracruz southward to northern and southeastern Oaxaca, eastward to Campeche) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A2C2099",null,null,"Otatitlan, Tlacotalpan, southern Veracruz, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Platypsaris aglaiae sumichrasti"],["12957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae hypophaeus","(Ridgway, 1891)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.868 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope from central Belize and central Guatemala southward to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B533A89",null,null,"San Pedro Sula, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/539/mode/1up","Platypsaris aglaiae hypophaeus"],["12958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tityridae","Tityras, Becards, and allies","Pachyramphus aglaiae latirostris","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.658",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope from northern El Salvador southward to northwestern Costa Rica and southwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3C57E2E",null,null,"Nicaragua; restricted to Chinandega, western Nicaragua (J. T. Z.).","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Neuvième et dernière communication. Chanteurs fissirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/668/mode/1up","Pachyramphus latirostris"],["12959","family","Passeriformes","Oxyruncidae","Sharpbill","Oxyruncidae",null,null,"Sharpbill","Sharpbill","Sharpbill","2025-1178","<em>Oxyruncus </em>is placed in the family Oxyruncidae based on genomic DNA evidence (Harvey et al. 2020). Sometimes subsumed into Tityridae, or recognized as a separate family that also includes <em>Onychorhynchus</em>, <em>Myiobius</em>, and <em>Terenotriccus</em>. However, recognition of Oxyruncidae is supported by the lack of a sister relationship with the Tityridae (Harvey et al. 2020), combined with the deep separation of <em>Oxyruncus </em>from <em>Onychorhynchus</em>, <em>Myiobius</em>, and <em>Terenotriccus</em>, and the lack of morphological or behavioral characters uniting them; the latter three genera are placed in the family Onychorhynchidae.",null,null,null,null,"oxyrun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oxyrun1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12960","genus","Passeriformes","Oxyruncidae","Sharpbill","Oxyruncus","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LVXXX",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oxyrhynchus flammiceps [Temminck, 1822]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 17). = Oxyrhyncus cristatus Swainson, 1821",null,null,null,"Oxyruncus"],["12961","species","Passeriformes","Oxyruncidae","Sharpbill","Oxyruncus cristatus","Swainson, 1821","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1 pl.49,text","Sharpbill","Sharpbill","Sharpbill",null,null,"humid lowland to premontane forest in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, in easternmost Panama and adjacent Colombia southward to Serrania de Baudo, and in the northern end of the central and western Andes of Colombia and Serrania de San Lucas; east of the Andes in the tepuis and montane areas of southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northernmost Brazil, locally in the eastern Andes of southeastern Ecuador southward to western Bolivia, and also locally in the lower Amazon basin in northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon River (in the lower Rio Tocantins and Serra do Carajas), and in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil (Alagoas, southward to northern Rio Grande do Norte, and western Paraná), northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700982","sharpb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sharpb1","avibase-BE501122",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/307/mode/1up","Oxyrhyncus cristatus"],["12962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oxyruncidae","Sharpbill","Oxyruncus cristatus frater","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"discontinuously distributed Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD7D0771",null,null,"Calovevora, Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of New or little-known American Birds of the Families Fringillidae, Oxyrhamphidae, Bucconidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/408/mode/1up","Oxyrhamphus frater"],["12963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oxyruncidae","Sharpbill","Oxyruncus cristatus brooksi","Bangs & Barbour, 1922","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.6 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CBFAD70",null,null,"Cerro Sapo, eastern Panama.","Birds from Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/238/mode/1up","Oxyruncus brooksi"],["12964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oxyruncidae","Sharpbill","Oxyruncus cristatus hypoglaucus","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas and ne, north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAA82923",null,null,"Roraima and Merume mountains, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/254/mode/1up","Oxyrhamphus hypoglaucus"],["12965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oxyruncidae","Sharpbill","Oxyruncus cristatus cristatus","Swainson, 1821","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1 pl.49,text",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunct ranges in southeastern Brazil, southern Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E92D25FD",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/307/mode/1up","Oxyrhyncus cristatus"],["12966","family","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchidae",null,null,"Royal Flycatchers and allies","Royal Flycatchers and Allies",null,"2025-1178","<em>Oxyruncus </em>is placed in the family Oxyruncidae based on genomic DNA evidence (Harvey et al. 2020). Sometimes subsumed into Tityridae, or recognized as a separate family that also includes <em>Onychorhynchus</em>, <em>Myiobius</em>, and <em>Terenotriccus</em>. However, recognition of Oxyruncidae is supported by the lack of a sister relationship with the Tityridae (Harvey et al. 2020), combined with the deep separation of <em>Oxyruncus </em>from <em>Onychorhynchus</em>, <em>Myiobius</em>, and <em>Terenotriccus</em>, and the lack of morphological or behavioral characters uniting them; the latter three genera are placed in the family Onychorhynchidae.",null,null,null,null,"rfaall1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rfaall1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["12967","genus","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus","Fischer von Waldheim, 1810","Description d'objets rares du Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Université Impériale de Moscou 1 p.1 pl.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Todus regius [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa coronata Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,null,"Onychorhynchus"],["12968","species","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus swainsoni","(Pelzeln, 1858)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 31 p.325","Atlantic Royal Flycatcher","Atlantic Royal Flycatcher","Atlantic Royal Flycatcher","2025-0835","Taxon <em>swainsoni </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Onychorhynchus coronatus</em> based on consistent differences in vocalizations, plumage, and genetics (Harvey et al. 2020; Reyes et al. 2023). Although <em>O. coronatus sensu lato</em> is sometimes split into four species, vocal differences among <em>coronatus, mexicanus</em>, and <em>occidentalis </em>are weak, despite obvious differences in plumage and a relatively deep genomic divergence between <em>coronatus </em>and the <em>mexicanus/occidentalis</em> clade (Harvey et al. 2020); further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Paraná)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699659","royfly5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/royfly5","avibase-D12A2E74",null,null,"Juan Fernandez; error, restricted to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 260.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30227#page/360/mode/1up","Muscivora Swainsoni"],["12969","species","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus coronatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.168","Tropical Royal Flycatcher","Tropical Royal Flycatcher",null,"2025-0835","Taxon <em>swainsoni </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Onychorhynchus coronatus</em> based on consistent differences in vocalizations, plumage, and genetics (Harvey et al. 2020; Reyes et al. 2023). Although <em>O. coronatus sensu lato</em> is sometimes split into four species, vocal differences among <em>coronatus, mexicanus</em>, and <em>occidentalis </em>are weak, despite obvious differences in plumage and a relatively deep genomic divergence between <em>coronatus </em>and the <em>mexicanus/occidentalis</em> clade (Harvey et al. 2020); further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","humid, semi-humid and dry forest, gallery forest from southeastern Mexico (including Yucatan Peninsula), and Pacific slope from western Costa Rica, southward to eastern Panama, northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in interior Colombia to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and from northwestern Ecuador southward to northwestern Peru; east of the Andes from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to south-central Brazil and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,"royfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/royfly1","avibase-2A931A37",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/188/mode/1up","Muscicapa coronata"],["12970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus coronatus castelnaui","Deville, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Brazil (Amazonas eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-365868E8",null,null,"Mission de Sarayacu, Pampa del Sacramento, Peru.","Description de quelques Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/68/mode/1up","Onychorhynchus Castelnaui"],["12971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus coronatus coronatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil (east from Rio Negro and Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0AA5838",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/188/mode/1up","Muscicapa coronata"],["12972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus coronatus mexicanus","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to eastern Panama (Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58A3AB0E",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/355/mode/1up","Muscivora mexicana"],["12973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus coronatus fraterculus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to eastern Venezuela (western Zulia and western Barinas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82F589A8",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/94/mode/1up","Onychorhynchus mexicanus fraterculus"],["12974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Onychorhynchus coronatus occidentalis","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador (Esmeraldas) to far northern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98BD71E2",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/364/mode/1up","Muscivora occidentalis"],["12975","genus","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus","Ridgway, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiobius fulvigularis [Salvin & Godman, 1889]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/227/mode/1up","Terenotriccus"],["12976","species","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.249 pl.5 fig.1","Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher","Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher","Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher",null,null,"humid forest from southeeastern Mexico, northern Guatemala and Belize southward across most Central America to eastern Panama; in northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward to the middle Magdalena Valley and along the Pacific lowlands southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, the Orinoco basin from eastern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699711","rutfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfly2","avibase-B226B93B",null,null,"Guiana, Cayenne; restricted to Cayenne (J. T. Z.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/257/mode/1up","M[yiobius] erythrurus"],["12977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus fulvigularis","(Salvin & Godman, 1889)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico to Colombia, western Ecuador, and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A020C521",null,null,"Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and [northwestern] Ecuador; type from Santa Fe, Veraguas, Panama, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 13, pt. 5, p. 232.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/68/mode/1up","Myiobius fulvigularis"],["12978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus signatus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1042 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31A8E23C",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 30, Notes on the genera Contopus, Empidonax, Terenotriccus, and Myiobius.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4828/","Terenotriccus erythrurus signatus"],["12979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus venezuelensis","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1042 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57519B1F",null,null,"Esmeralda, 325 ft., Cerro Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 30, Notes on the genera Contopus, Empidonax, Terenotriccus, and Myiobius.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4828/","Terenotriccus erythrurus venezuelensis"],["12980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus erythrurus","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.249 pl.5 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Bolívar) to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D809C1E2",null,null,"Guiana, Cayenne; restricted to Cayenne (J. T. Z.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/257/mode/1up","M[yiobius] erythrurus"],["12981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus hellmayri","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (along lower Rio Tocantins eastward to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8953B78D",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/213/mode/1up","Myiobius erythrurus hellmayri"],["12982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus purusianus","(Parkes & Panza, 1993)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 113 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (middle Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF73FC6D",null,null,"Arima, Labrea y Huitanaa, 7°40'S, 65°46'W, en el Rio Purús medio, Amazonas, Brasil.","A new Amazonian subspecies of the Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius (Terenotriccus) erythrurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/30/mode/1up","Myiobius erythrurus purusianus"],["12983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus amazonus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1042 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Purus to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18623E3A",null,null,"Igarapé Amorin, Rio Tapajós (left bank), Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 30, Notes on the genera Contopus, Empidonax, Terenotriccus, and Myiobius.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4828/","Terenotriccus erythrurus amazonus"],["12984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Terenotriccus erythrurus brunneifrons","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón) to northern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF0E359B",null,null,"Tres Arroyos, Río Espiritu Santo, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/245/mode/1up","Terenotriccus erythrurus brunneifrons"],["12985","genus","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius","Gray, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt.3, Birds, pt9 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa barbata [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Opinion 414, Int. Comm., 1956, Op. Decl. Zool. Nomencl., 13, p. 245).",null,null,null,"Myiobius"],["12986","species","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus","Lawrence, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.183","Black-tailed Myiobius","Black-tailed Flycatcher","Black-tailed Flycatcher",null,null,"humid to semi-humid and deciduous forest and woodland in southeastern Costa Rica and Panama, northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, the Pacific lowlands southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru, east of the Andes in the middle to low Orinoco Valley of Venezuela, and in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to east-central Peru, eastward locally in the southern Amazonian Brazil, and the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions (northeastern Brazil southward to São Paulo and adjacent Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699726","bltfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltfly1","avibase-608B8260",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama; cotypes from neighborhood of Lion Hill (McLeannon Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1889, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 2, p. 56 and Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 489.","Descriptions of eight New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/209/mode/1up","Myiobius atricaudus"],["12987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus atricaudus","Lawrence, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Costa Rica to Panama and western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C86F707A",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama; cotypes from neighborhood of Lion Hill (McLeannon Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1889, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 2, p. 56 and Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 489.","Descriptions of eight New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/209/mode/1up","Myiobius atricaudus"],["12988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus portovelae","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFBB4F31",null,null,"Portovelo, El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Myiobius atricaudus portovelae"],["12989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus modestus","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ECCE287",null,null,"Upata, foot of Sierra Imataca, Terr. Yuruari [= Bolívar], Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/247/mode/1up","Myiobius modestus"],["12990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus adjacens","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1042 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (Putumayo) to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94B99549",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 30, Notes on the genera Contopus, Empidonax, Terenotriccus, and Myiobius.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4828/","Myiobius atricaudus adjacens"],["12991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus connectens","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1042 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Rio Tapajós to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-159ACE18",null,null,"Macajuba, Rio Tocantins, Pará, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 30, Notes on the genera Contopus, Empidonax, Terenotriccus, and Myiobius.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4828/","Myiobius atricaudus connectens"],["12992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus snethlagei","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, and western Bahia to southeastern Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9469EDA6",null,null,"Codo, Cocos, Maranhão, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/254/mode/1up","Myiobius atricaudus snethlagei"],["12993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius atricaudus ridgwayi","Berlepsch, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and eastern Minas Gerais to northeastern Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6C01635",null,null,"Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Myiobius ridgwayi"],["12994","species","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius barbatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.933","Whiskered Myiobius","Whiskered Flycatcher","Whiskered Flycatcher",null,null,"humid forest in the middle Magdalena Valley in northern Colombia, and east of the Andes in the Orinoco basin of eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to southeastern Peru, southwestern Brazil and northernmost Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil southward to southeastern Brazil in northern Santa Catarina and locally in interior Brazil, in eastern Goiás and western Minas Gerais",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731980","whifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whifly1","avibase-EC9D7A78",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/434/mode/1up","Muscicapa barbata"],["12995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius barbatus semiflavus","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Colombia (Nechí region of Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00F62830",null,null,"El Tambor, Santander, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/140/mode/1up","Myiobius semiflavus"],["12996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius barbatus barbatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.933",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Peru, southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE4877C1",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/434/mode/1up","Muscicapa barbata"],["12997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius barbatus amazonicus","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón) eastward to Rio Madeira (Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8458A22A",null,null,"Hyutanahan, [= Huitanaa], Rio Purus, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/122/mode/1up","Myiobius barbatus amazonicus"],["12998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius barbatus insignis","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1042 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (south of the Amazon from Rio Tapajós to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8CA2C80",null,null,"Piquiatuba, lower Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 30, Notes on the genera Contopus, Empidonax, Terenotriccus, and Myiobius.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4828/","Myiobius barbatus insignis"],["12999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius barbatus mastacalis","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.151, note",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Goiás, Paraíba, and Bahia to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB39F681",null,null,"Rio Catolé, southern Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/559/mode/1up","Muscicapa mastacalis"],["13000","species","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius sulphureipygius","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.296","Sulphur-rumped Myiobius","Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher","Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and woodland from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico and Yucatan Peninsula, southward along the Caribbean slope to eastern Panama and in the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama, and from northwestern Colombia southward along the Pacific lowlands southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731699","surfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/surfly1","avibase-40F33966",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/356/mode/1up","Tyrannula sulphureipygia"],["13001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius sulphureipygius sulphureipygius","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4F4E6DE",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/356/mode/1up","Tyrannula sulphureipygia"],["13002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius sulphureipygius aureatus","Bangs, 1908","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Honduras to western Colombia and Tumbes (far northwestern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B45F66C4",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí, Panama.","On certain Costa Rican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/41/mode/1up","Myiobius xanthopygus aureatus"],["13003","species","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius villosus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.93","Tawny-breasted Myiobius","Tawny-breasted Flycatcher","Tawny-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in the Cerro Tacarcuna in easternmost Panama, in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes of western Venezuela southward along the eastern Andes to western Bolivia, and in the western Andes from northern Colombia, including the northern end of the central Andes, southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699717","tabfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabfly1","avibase-9C468DC3",null,null,"in rep. Ecuat., part.; cotype from Nanegal, Pichincha, Ecuador, fide Hellmayr 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 238.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/131/mode/1up","Myiobius villosus"],["13004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius villosus villosus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Cerro Tacarcuna) to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E815036B",null,null,"in rep. Ecuat., part.; cotype from Nanegal, Pichincha, Ecuador, fide Hellmayr 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 238.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/131/mode/1up","Myiobius villosus"],["13005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius villosus schaeferi","Aveledo Hostos & Pons, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica no.7 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of northern Colombia and far western Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63FC33ED",null,null,"Jamayaujaina [= Cerro Pejochaina] , 1,650 m., Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Aves nuevas y extensiones de distribucion a Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/aves-nuevas-y-extensiones-de-distribucion-a-venezuela/","Myiobius villosus schaeferi"],["13006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius villosus clarus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1042 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (south to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4F94781",null,null,"Lomo Santo [above Jaen] , 5,000 ft., Marañón valley, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 30, Notes on the genera Contopus, Empidonax, Terenotriccus, and Myiobius.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4828/","Myiobius villosus clarus"],["13007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Onychorhynchidae","Royal Flycatchers and allies","Myiobius villosus peruvianus","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of southeastern Peru (Puno) and northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ADD820B",null,null,"Río Tavara, southeastern Peru.","Studies in the Tyrannidae, ii. The restricted genus Myiobius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/52/mode/1up","Myiobius villosus peruvianus"],["13008","family","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannidae",null,null,"Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrant Flycatchers","Tyrant-flycatchers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"tyrann2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tyrann2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["13009","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipra pileata [Temminck, 1822]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/242/mode/1up","Piprites"],["13010","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites pileata","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.3 pl.172 fig.1","Black-capped Piprites","Black-capped Piprites","Black-capped Piprites",null,null,"locally from southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) to northeastern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701205","bkcpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcpip1","avibase-680DC17D",null,null,"Brazil; type from Curitiba, Paraná, fide Pelzeln, 1868, Ornith. Brasil., pt. 2, p. 126.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/151/mode/1up","Pipra pileata"],["13011","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites griseiceps","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.583","Grey-headed Piprites","Gray-headed Piprites","Grey-headed Piprites",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Guatemala to Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701216","grhpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhpip1","avibase-8CED4737",null,null,"Tucurrique, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/679/mode/1up","Piprites griseiceps"],["13012","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.3 pl.172 fig.2","Wing-barred Piprites","Wing-barred Piprites","Wing-barred Piprites",null,null,"humid forest in the lower Cauca and middle Magdalena valleys of northern Colombia and in the foothills of Sierra de Perijá eastward locally to the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to the Paría Peninsula, and in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to central Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil, in Pernambuco and Alagoas southward to Santa Catarina, Paraná, adjacent Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701220","wibpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wibpip1","avibase-74EC83F7",null,null,"Brazil; type is from Ipanema, São Paulo, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/152/mode/1up","Pipra chloris"],["13013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris antioquiae","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2CEAE4E",null,null,"La Frijolera, Antioquia, Colombia.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Piprites chloris antioquiae"],["13014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris perijana","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (eastern Colombia) and Andes of western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8991D639",null,null,"La Sabana, 1,300 m., Río Negro, Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/203/mode/1up","Piprites chloris perijanus"],["13015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris tschudii","(Cabanis, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to central Peru and northwestern Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and lower Rio Juruá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D1DA8EA",null,null,"central Peru; type from Ninabamba, Junín, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 6.","[Über mannichfache interessante Vögel der peruanischen Ornis, die von Herrn C. Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/111/mode/1up","Hemipipo tschudii"],["13016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris chlorion","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (eastern Amazonas from lower Rio Negro and lower Rio Madeira, eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-452438B5",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/242/mode/1up","Hemipipo chlorion"],["13017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris grisescens","Novaes, 1964","Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 47 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (eastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EBF51D1",null,null,"Capanema, eastern Pará, Brazil.","Una nova raça geográfica de Piprites chloris (Temminck) do estado do Pará (Pipridae, Aves).","https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/bitstream/mgoeldi/1040/1/B%20MPEG%20Zoo%20n47%201964%20NOVAES%20ri.pdf","Piprites chloris grisescens"],["13018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris boliviana","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6BEAAF2",null,null,"Mission San Antonio [= San Antonio del Chimore] , 1,300 ft., Río Chimore, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Piprites chloris bolivianus"],["13019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Piprites chloris chloris","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.3 pl.172 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54FEF4A4",null,null,"Brazil; type is from Ipanema, São Paulo, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/152/mode/1up","Pipra chloris"],["13020","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neopipo","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Neopipo rubicunda [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869]; type by original designation = Pipra? cinnamomea Lawrence, 1869  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/522/mode/1up","Neopipo"],["13021","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neopipo cinnamomea","(Lawrence, 1869)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20 p.429","Cinnamon Neopipo","Cinnamon Manakin-Tyrant","Cinnamon Manakin-tyrant",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin and Guiana Shield from easternmost and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward across the Amazon basin to southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and Peru to the foothills of the Andes in western Bolivia; in Brazil southward to northern and western Mato Grosso and Rondônia, and eastward to central Para",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701155","cinmat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinmat1","avibase-81362B15",null,null,"upper Amazon; restricted to Chamicuros, Peru (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37631#page/439/mode/1up","Pipra ? cinnamomea"],["13022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neopipo cinnamomea helenae","McConnell, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7145601",null,null,"Ituribisce, British Guiana.","Description of new species and subspecies of birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/133/mode/1up","Neopipo helenae"],["13023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neopipo cinnamomea cinnamomea","(Lawrence, 1869)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC2A791D",null,null,"upper Amazon; restricted to Chamicuros, Peru (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37631#page/439/mode/1up","Pipra ? cinnamomea"],["13024","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Calyptura","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pardalotus cristatus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/665/mode/1up","Calyptura"],["13025","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Calyptura cristata","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 24 p.528","Kinglet Calyptura","Kinglet Calyptura","Kinglet Calyptura",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro area); undocumented since 1860 and probably extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700827","kincal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kincal1","avibase-9AD71DF9",null,null,"Brazil; type from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 127.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/160913#page/552/mode/1up","Pardalotus cristatus"],["13026","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus","Desmarest, 1805","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.4 p.[2]textpl.[72]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platyrinchus fuscus [Desmarest, 1805]; type by tautonymy = Todus platyrhynchos J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208835#page/286/mode/1up","Platyrinchus"],["13027","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus coronatus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.71","Golden-crowned Spadebill","Golden-crowned Spadebill","Golden-crowned Spadebill",null,null,"humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in northern Honduras southeastward to Panama and the Pacific slope of southeastern Costa Rica and western Panama, in the lower Cauca and middle Magdalena valleys of northern Colombia, west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador, and east of the Andes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across Amazonia to northern Bolivia (western Beni) and Brazil (eastward to central Pará)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699635","gocspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocspa1","avibase-E411C4C0",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/105/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus coronatus"],["13028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus coronatus superciliaris","Lawrence, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Honduras to Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21B724A8",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama; type from Lion Hill (McLeannan collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1888, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 2, p. 7.","Descriptions of eight New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/210/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus superciliaris"],["13029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus coronatus gumia","(Bangs & Penard, 1918)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil (upper Rio Branco eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37C1A7BC",null,null,"vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/92/mode/1up","Placostomus coronatus gumia"],["13030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus coronatus coronatus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, southern Venezuela, and western Brazil (upper Rio Negro and, south of the Amazon River, eastward to Rio Xingu area and southward to northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CECFCA7",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/105/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus coronatus"],["13031","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus platyrhynchos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.446","White-crested Spadebill","White-crested Spadebill","White-crested Spadebill",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to northern Bolivia, Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso, and west to eastern Ecuador and Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699641","whcspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcspa1","avibase-5A40987F",null,null,"locality unknown; Río de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 262; error, Surinam suggested by Meise, 1954, Auk, 71, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/458/mode/1up","[Todus] platyrhynchos"],["13032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus platyrhynchos platyrhynchos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (upper Rio Negro eastward to Rio Branco and northern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F474A06B",null,null,"locality unknown; Río de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 262; error, Surinam suggested by Meise, 1954, Auk, 71, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/458/mode/1up","[Todus] platyrhynchos"],["13033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus platyrhynchos senex","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru (Loreto), northwestern Bolivia, and far western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F26B0D8A",null,null,"Sarayacu, Pastaza, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/220/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus senex"],["13034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus platyrhynchos nattereri","Hartert & Hellmayr, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Purus to Rio Madeira and Rio Jiparaná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19E211A1",null,null,"Salto do Theotonio [ = Teotonio] , Rio Madeira, Brazil.","[Description of a new species of the family Tyrannidae, based upon a specimen in the Vienna Museum].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/321/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus nattereri"],["13035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus platyrhynchos amazonicus","Berlepsch, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós eastward to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08E2FF76",null,null,"Peixe-Boi, Pará, Brazil.","Beschreibung neuer Vogelformen aus dem Gebiete des unteren Amazonas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/38/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus griseiceps amazonicus"],["13036","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus leucoryphus","Wied-Neuwied, 1831","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.974","Russet-winged Spadebill","Russet-winged Spadebill","Russet-winged Spadebill",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699644","ruwspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwspa1","avibase-55B471DF",null,null,"Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/996/mode/1up","Platyrinchos leucoryphus"],["13037","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus flavigularis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.382","Yellow-throated Spadebill","Yellow-throated Spadebill","Yellow-throated Spadebill",null,null,"montane cloudforest in coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela (Carabobo), the Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the eastern Andes of Colombia (and locally in the western Andes in southwestern Colombia) to northernmost Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of northern Peru south of the Marañón (southward to Cusco and adjacent Ayacucho)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699638","yetspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetspa1","avibase-DF470AA2",null,null,"Nova Granada, 'Bogotá'; restricted to Alban, Cundinamarca by Niceforo, 1947, Caldasia 4, p. 353.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/478/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus flavigularis"],["13038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus flavigularis flavigularis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBB8D1D2",null,null,"Nova Granada, 'Bogotá'; restricted to Alban, Cundinamarca by Niceforo, 1947, Caldasia 4, p. 353.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/478/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus flavigularis"],["13039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus flavigularis vividus","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E4F2936",null,null,"Cerro Jamayaujaina, 1,650 m., Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela,","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/291/mode/1up","Platyrinchus flavigularis vividus"],["13040","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus cancrominus","Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.299","Stub-tailed Spadebill","Stub-tailed Spadebill","Stub-tailed Spadebill",null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to western Costa Rica and northwestern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699629","sttspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttspa1","avibase-BEA50A11",null,null,"'In prov. Verae Pacis regione calida, et in Mexico Merid. statu Verae Crucis'; specimens from Choctun [= Choctum, Guatemala] listed as the types [= cotypes] by Sclater, 1862, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 207","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/381/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus cancrominus"],["13041","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus saturatus","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.78","Cinnamon-crested Spadebill","Cinnamon-crested Spadebill","Cinnamon-crested Spadebill",null,null,"tropical rainforest, mainly in sandy-soil and black-water forest, in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to northern Mato Grosso and northeastern Rondônia, Brazil, and westward to eastern Colombia, northeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699626","cicspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cicspa1","avibase-38DF7456",null,null,"Merume Mountains, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/108/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus saturatus"],["13042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus saturatus saturatus","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil (upper Rio Negro, and from northern Pará eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59074F90",null,null,"Merume Mountains, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/108/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus saturatus"],["13043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus saturatus pallidiventris","Novaes, 1968","Revista Brasileria de Biologia 28 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (lower Rio Tapajós eastward to northern Maranhão), and locally in northern Mato Grosso and eastern Rondônia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A420F119",null,null,"Marituba, Oriboca, Pará, Brazil.","Variação geográfica em 'Platyrhinchus saturatus' Salvin & Godman (Aves, Tyrannidae).",null,"Platyrhinchus saturatus pallidiventris"],["13044","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.14","White-throated Spadebill","White-throated Spadebill",null,"2025-0436","Taxon <em>albogularis </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Platyrinchus mystaceus</em> as patterns of morphological, vocal, and genetic variation in this complex need further assessment. Based on available evidence (e.g., Remsen et al. 1991; Harvey et al. 2020), a two-species treatment may be inadequate.","humid foothill to montane forest from western Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua southeastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas, and southward to the tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and northernmost Brazil, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru, and the eastern Andes from northern Peru southeastward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz), and interior and eastern Brazil (northern Maranhão and Piauí southward to Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"whtspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtspa1","avibase-F0BFC39B",null,null,"dans les bois du Paraguay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/22/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos mystaceus"],["13045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus neglectus","(Todd, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Costa Rica to eastern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F4E5B0C",null,null,"La Colorada, Boyacá, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/140/mode/1up","Platytriccus albogularis neglectus"],["13046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus perijanus","Phelps & Phelps, 1954","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A675650",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, 1,800 m., upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Notes on Venezuelan birds and descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796#page/131/mode/1up","Platyrinchus mystaceus perijanus"],["13047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus insularis","Allen, 1889","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.13 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BD1642C",null,null,"Tobago.","Descriptions of new species of South American birds, with remarks on various other little known species","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1710","Platyrhynchus insularis"],["13048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus imatacae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1274 p.5-6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Sierra de Imataca in Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFAE895C",null,null,"Cerro Tomasote, 500 m., El Palmar, Sierra de Imataca, Bolívar, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2300/","Platyrinchus mystaceus imatacae"],["13049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus ventralis","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina) and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27492F39",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, 1,900 m,, headwaters of Río Yatua, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/131/mode/1up","Platyrinchus mystaceus ventralis"],["13050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus duidae","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1043 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-558205D4",null,null,"Valle 'Laterite,' 4,700 ft., Cerro Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 31, Notes on the genera Myiotriccus, Pyrrhomyias, Myiophobus, Onychorhynchus, Platyrinchus, Cnipodectes, Sayornis, and Nuttallornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4827/","Platyrinchus mystaceus duidae"],["13051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus ptaritepui","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (southeastern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90853418",null,null,"Ptari-tepui (southwestern slope), 1,700 m.. Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Platyrinchus mystaceus ptaritepui"],["13052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus albogularis","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (western Andes and Cauca Valley) to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-595565F7",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/102/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus albogularis"],["13053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus zamorae","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Ecuador and northern and central Peru (southward at least to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06C6C23E",null,null,"Zamora, 3,250 ft, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Platytriccus albogularis zamorae"],["13054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus partridgei","Short, 1969","The Auk 86, no.2 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of southeastern Peru (northward at least to Cusco) and Bolivia (southward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF5BE7CC",null,null,"Palmar, Yungas de Cochabamba, Bolivia, 2600 ft.","The southern races of the White-throated Spadebill (Platyrinchus mystaceus).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol86/iss2/6/","Platyrinchus mystaceus partridgei"],["13055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus mystaceus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5DFCEC2",null,null,"dans les bois du Paraguay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/22/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos mystaceus"],["13056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus bifasciatus","Allen, 1889","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.13 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (central Mato Grosso to central Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C11F848",null,null,"Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Descriptions of new species of South American birds, with remarks on various other little known species.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1710","Platyrhynchus bifasciatus"],["13057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus cancromus","Temminck, 1820","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.2, vol.3 pl.12 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Ceará, northern Bahia, and eastern Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B08365",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Piquete, São Paulo by Short, 1969, Auk, 86, p. 266.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/176/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos cancromus"],["13058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Platyrinchus mystaceus niveigularis","Pinto, 1954","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 12 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Paraíba to Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25832AEA",null,null,"Fazenda Canoas, Rio Pratagi, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil.","Resultados ornitologicos de duas viagens cientificas ao Estado de Alagoas.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208557","Platyrinchus mystaceus niveigularis"],["13059","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tachuris","de Lafresnaye, 1835","Mémoires de la Société Académique de la Falaise 1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Regulus omnicolor [Vieillot, 1824]; type by original designation = Sylvia rubrigastra Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,null,"Tachuris"],["13060","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tachuris rubrigastra","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.277","Many-colored Rush Tyrant","Many-colored Rush Tyrant","Many-colored Rush-tyrant",null,null,"freshwater marshes with extensive reedbeds on the coast from northern Peru, in Piura, southward to southern Chile, and in the Andes from south-central Peru southward across Bolivia to northwestern Argentina; also in the pampas and grasslands from southeastern Brazil southward across Uruguay to southern Argentina, where seasonal; winters northward to northeastern Argentina, eastern Paraguay and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699410","mcrtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mcrtyr1","avibase-4527A1E7",null,null,"Paraguay and Buenos Aires; restricted to Paraguay by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 256.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/293/mode/1up","Sylvia rubrigastra"],["13061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tachuris rubrigastra alticola","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.2 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23298BBC",null,null,"Ingapirca, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/419/mode/1up","Cyanotis rubrigastra alticola"],["13062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tachuris rubrigastra libertatis","Hellmayr, 1920","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.3 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"marshes of coastal western Peru (La Libertad to northern Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BD87495",null,null,"Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru.","New neotropical birds described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/27/mode/1up","Tachuris rubrigastra libertatis"],["13063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tachuris rubrigastra loaensis","Philippi Bañados & Johnson, 1946","Las Aves de Chile: Su conocimiento y sus costumbres 1 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile (Antofagasta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9B8A1D1",null,null,"confluence of Río San Salvador with Río Loa, Chacance, Tocopilla, Chile.",null,null,"Tachuris rubrigastra loaensis"],["13064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tachuris rubrigastra rubrigastra","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, and western Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ECCD17F",null,null,"Paraguay and Buenos Aires; restricted to Paraguay by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 256.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/293/mode/1up","Sylvia rubrigastra"],["13065","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Corythopis","Sundevall, 1836","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ser.3, t.23 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiothera calcarata [zu Wied, 1831]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa delalandi Lesson, 1831  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107409#page/97/mode/1up","Corythopis"],["13066","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Corythopis delalandi","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.392","Southern Antpipit","Southern Antpipit","Southern Antpipit",null,null,"southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699069","souant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souant1","avibase-514A51B6",null,null,"no locality; the types are from near Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 34.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/430/mode/1up","Muscicapa Delalandi"],["13067","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Corythopis torquatus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.279","Ringed Antpipit","Ringed Antpipit","Ringed Antpipit",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southwest and southward across the entire Amazon basin to eastern Ecuador and Peru, central Bolivia, central Mato Grosso, western Tocantins, eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699061","rinant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinant2","avibase-3765D531",null,null,"Peru; Chanchamayo Valley, Junín, designated by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 35.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/287/mode/1up","Corythopis torquata"],["13068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Corythopis torquatus sarayacuensis","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39D76688",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/74/mode/1up","Corythopis torquata sarayacuensis"],["13069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Corythopis torquatus anthoides","(Pucheran, 1855)","Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 7 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil (eastward to northern Maranhão, southward to northern Goiás, northern Mato Grosso, and Rondônia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49B7AF64",null,null,"Cayenne.","Mémoire sur les types peu connus de passereaux dentirostres de la collection du Musée de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164243#page/356/mode/1up","Muscicapa anthoïdes"],["13070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Corythopis torquatus torquatus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D265DC9",null,null,"Peru; Chanchamayo Valley, Junín, designated by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 35.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/287/mode/1up","Corythopis torquata"],["13071","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pseudotriccus pelzelni [Taczanowski & von Berlepsch, 1885]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/132/mode/1up","Pseudotriccus"],["13072","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus ruficeps","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.291","Rufous-headed Pygmy Tyrant","Rufous-headed Pygmy-Tyrant","Rufous-headed Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698829","rhptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhptyr1","avibase-C727EA6A",null,null,"Colombia; 'Bogotá,' fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 342.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/299/mode/1up","Musicapa (Todirostrum?) ruficeps"],["13073","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus simplex","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.88","Hazel-fronted Pygmy Tyrant","Hazel-fronted Pygmy-Tyrant","Hazel-fronted Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698824","hfptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hfptyr1","avibase-D7CE89D5",null,null,"Sandillani, La Paz, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/98/mode/1up","Caenotriccus simplex"],["13074","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus pelzelni","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.88","Bronze-olive Pygmy Tyrant","Bronze-olive Pygmy-Tyrant","Bronze-olive Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"humid foothill and montane cloudforest in the Cerro Pirre and Cerro Tacarcuna in far eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in the western and central Andes of Colombia southward to northernmost Peru, in the eastern Andes of Colombia only on the eastern slope from Cundinamarca and southward, also in the eastern Andes of Peru from Amazonas and San Martín southeastward to Ayacucho and Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698819","boptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boptyr1","avibase-257BC6C6",null,null,"Machay and [Hacienda] Mapoto, Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/132/mode/1up","Pseudotriccus pelzelni"],["13075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus pelzelni berlepschi","Nelson, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.21 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far eastern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-859B8A50",null,null,"Cerro Pirre, Panama.","Two new subspecies of birds from the slopes of Mount Pirri, eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/325/mode/1up","Pseudotriccus pelzelni berlepschi"],["13076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus pelzelni annectens","(Salvadori & Festa, 1899)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.362 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (south to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E5F8EB0",null,null,"Gualea, Pichincha, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/192/mode/1up","Pseudomyobius annectens"],["13077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus pelzelni pelzelni","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Meta) and eastern Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-741AD584",null,null,"Machay and [Hacienda] Mapoto, Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/132/mode/1up","Pseudotriccus pelzelni"],["13078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudotriccus pelzelni peruvianus","Bond, 1947","Notulae Naturae no.196 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (San Martín to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4722AEC5",null,null,"near Río Jelashte, 4,500 ft., eastern slope, San Martin, Peru.","Two new Tyrant Flycatchers from Peru.",null,"Pseudotriccus pelzelni peruvianus"],["13079","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon","Cabanis, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leptopogon superciliaris [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/283/mode/1up","Leptopogon"],["13080","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon rufipectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.207","Rufous-breasted Flycatcher","Rufous-breasted Flycatcher","Rufous-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to eastern Ecuador, western Venezuela, and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698807","rubfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubfly2","avibase-5C461582",null,null,"Colombia [= 'Bogotá].","Sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/221/mode/1up","Tyrannula rufipectus"],["13081","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon taczanowskii","Hellmayr, 1917","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.198","Inca Flycatcher","Inca Flycatcher","Inca Flycatcher",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Amazonas to Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698810","incfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/incfly1","avibase-6B4B427B",null,null,"Ray Urmaña, Valle del Huayabamba, Perú.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/208/mode/1up","Leptopogon taczanowskii"],["13082","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon superciliaris","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.275","Slaty-capped Flycatcher","Slaty-capped Flycatcher",null,"2025-0439","Taxon <em>albidiventer </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Leptopogon superciliaris</em> pending further research on species limits in this complex. Genomic data show <em>albidiventer </em>to be embedded within<em> L. superciliaris</em> (Harvey et al. 2020), but multiple species may be represented in this group. Vocal differences (Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001; Schulenberg et al. 2007; Boesman 2016fff) also point to multiple species within the <em>L. superciliaris</em> complex. Further clarification of plumage distinctions, analysis of vocalizations, and broader genomic sampling is required.","semi-deciduous to humid foothill and montane forest from western Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama,coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula), Trinidad, the Sierra de Perijá, the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (in western Ecuador down to the coastal lowlands), and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southeastward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz and northern Chuquisaca)",null,null,null,"slcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcfly1","avibase-16C172E1",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Montaiia of Vitoc by Hellmayr, 1918, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 13, p. 306.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/283/mode/1up","L[eptopogon] superciliaris"],["13083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon superciliaris superciliaris","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to northern Venezuela and Trinidad, southward to Colombia and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C84D2C06",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Montaiia of Vitoc by Hellmayr, 1918, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 13, p. 306.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/283/mode/1up","L[eptopogon] superciliaris"],["13084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon superciliaris albidiventer","Hellmayr, 1918","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft3 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) and Yungas of western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F4104DF",null,null,"Quebrada Onda, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Miscellanea Ornithologica III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/315/mode/1up","Leptopogon superciliaris albidiventer"],["13085","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon amaurocephalus","Cabanis, 1846","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.162","Sepia-capped Flycatcher","Sepia-capped Flycatcher","Sepia-capped Flycatcher",null,null,"semi-deciduous, gallery and humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico southeastward to northern Costa Rica, and in the Pacific lowlands of western Panama and adjacent Costa Rica; in northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and east of the Andes in the Amazon basin from western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia, westward across southern Brazil and southward along the Yungas to northwestern Argentina; in the Guiana Shield and Orinoco basin in eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil (Roraima and Amapá), and in interior and eastern Brazil from northern Maranhão, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte southward to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and northernmost Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698813","secfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/secfly1","avibase-61EA91A8",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/470/mode/1up","Lept[opogon] amaurocephalus"],["13086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon amaurocephalus pileatus","Cabanis, 1866","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.78 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14EE72C6",null,null,"Guatemala.","Ueber neue oder weniger bekannte exotische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/428/mode/1up","Leptopogon pileatus"],["13087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon amaurocephalus idius","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0D8DF76",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/301/mode/1up","Leptopogon amaurocephalus idius"],["13088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon amaurocephalus diversus","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Marta and Magdalena Valleys of northern Colombia, and western Zulia of northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CE9D952",null,null,"Mamatoco, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/213/mode/1up","Leptopogon amaurocephalus diversus"],["13089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon amaurocephalus orinocensis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Venezuela to eastern Brazil (Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCBAE6F1",null,null,"Santa Rosalia, 100 m., lower Caura Valley, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Leptopogon amaurocephalus orinocensis"],["13090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon amaurocephalus peruvianus","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.757",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-275B1DDB",null,null,"Chyavetas [= Chayavitas] , Peru. Eastern Colombia from Norte de Santander south to western","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/169/mode/1up","Leptopogon peruvianus"],["13091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Leptopogon amaurocephalus amaurocephalus","Cabanis, 1846","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00E5205A",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/470/mode/1up","Lept[opogon] amaurocephalus"],["13092","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes","Cabanis, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mionectes poliocephalus [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/283/mode/1up","Mionectes"],["13093","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes striaticollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.51","Streak-necked Flycatcher","Streak-necked Flycatcher","Streak-necked Flycatcher",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southeastward to southern Bolivia (Chuquisaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698790","stnfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stnfly1","avibase-9A4AE6AE",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/167/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] striaticollis"],["13094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes striaticollis columbianus","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A87075B1",null,null,"Santa Elena, 9,000 ft., Antioquia, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/300/mode/1up","Mionectes striaticollis columbianus"],["13095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes striaticollis viridiceps","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"far tropical southwestern Colombia (western Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8070C041",null,null,"above Zaruma, 6,000 ft.. El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Mionectes striaticollis viridiceps"],["13096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes striaticollis palamblae","Chapman, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.250 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Piura southward to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DF239DA",null,null,"Palambla, Piura, Peru.","Description of new birds from northwestern Peru and western Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4109/","Mionectes striaticollis palamblae"],["13097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes striaticollis striaticollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1751615B",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/167/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] striaticollis"],["13098","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes olivaceus","Lawrence, 1868","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.111","Olive-striped Flycatcher",null,null,"2025-0438","The polytypic <em>Mionectes olivaceus</em> complex is maintained as a single species pending further research. Despite genomic DNA evidence that <em>M. olivaceus</em> is paraphyletic (Harvey et al. 2020) there remains insufficient genetic and vocal data to accurately determine species limits in this complex. Until these issues are addressed, the decision to recognize a paraphyletic <em>M. olivaceus</em> was favored, as it minimises taxonomic instability.","foothills and highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (to Chiriquí and Ngäbe-Buglé), humid lowland and foothill forest from central Panama eastward to northwestern Colombia, southward to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena, southward along the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Ecuador and along the foothills of the Andes to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to the Paría Peninsula and Trinidad, and in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F083DCE5",null,null,"Barranca and Dota, Costa Rica; restricted to Barranca by Wetmore, 1972, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 150(3), p. 593.","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/127/mode/1up","Mionectes olivaceus"],["13099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes olivaceus olivaceus","Lawrence, 1868","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills and highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (to Chiriquí and Ngäbe-Buglé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5396E3F3",null,null,"Barranca and Dota, Costa Rica; restricted to Barranca by Wetmore, 1972, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 150(3), p. 593.","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/127/mode/1up","Mionectes olivaceus"],["13100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes olivaceus hederaceus","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama (eastward from Veraguas), northern and western Colombia, including the lower Cauca Valley, and western Ecuador (south to El Oro and Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5638BC7",null,null,"Pavas, 4,400 ft., Valle, western Colombia.","New or rare birds from western Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/95/mode/1up","Mionectes olivaceus hederaceus"],["13101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes olivaceus galbinus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09808E78",null,null,"La Concepcion, 3,000 ft.. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/93/mode/1up","Mionectes olivaceus galbinus"],["13102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes olivaceus venezuelensis","Ridgway, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela from Falcón to Sucre and Monagas, and northern Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1814FC7A",null,null,"Guacharo, Monagas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/152/mode/1up","Mionectes olivaceus venezuelensis"],["13103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes olivaceus fasciaticollis","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes from Mérida (western Venezuela) and Serranía de Perijá southward through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and far northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C2A64A2",null,null,"Tulumayo, Junín, Vitoc valley, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Mionectes olivaceus fasciaticollis"],["13104","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.55","Ochre-bellied Flycatcher","Ochre-bellied Flycatcher","Ochre-bellied Flycatcher",null,null,"humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope of southeastern Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula, and the Pacific slope in Chiapas, southeastward across Central America to northern Colombia and western Venezuela; in interior Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, west of the Andes southward to northern Cauca, and from southwestern Colombia southward to far northwestern Peru; east of the Andes in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins to central Bolivia; also the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Paraíba southward to Rio de Janeiro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698796","ocbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbfly1","avibase-0EFCDBB8",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/75/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] oleaginea"],["13105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus assimilis","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to eastern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DAAA118",null,null,"'in Mexico merid., Cordova . . . et Guatemal'; Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico, noted expressly as type locality by Todd, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 34, p. 189.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/76/mode/1up","Mionectes assimilis"],["13106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus parcus","Bangs, 1900","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D26AA1FD",null,null,"Loma del Leon, Panama.","List of Birds collected by W. W. Brown, Jr., at Loma del Leon, Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/46/mode/1up","Mionectes oleagineus parcus"],["13107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus abdominalis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1955)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Venezuela (Distrito Federal and Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F932787",null,null,"Los Caracas, near sea level, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.","Five new Venezuelan birds and nine extensions of ranges to Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/69/mode/1up","Pipromorpha oleaginea abdominalis"],["13108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus pallidiventris","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1069CDD1",null,null,"Rincon de San Antonio, Cumana, Monagas, Venezuela.","On the birds of the island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/36/mode/1up","Mionectes oleagineus pallidiventris"],["13109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus dorsalis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Gran Sabana of Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-083F29B9",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, 1,840 m.. Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Nine new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/246/mode/1up","Pipromorpha oleaginea dorsalis"],["13110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus pacificus","(Todd, 1921)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.176,187",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E2F6E3F",null,null,"Bucay, Guayas, Ecuador.","Studies in the Tyrannidae, i. A revision of the genus Pipromorpha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/208/mode/1up","Pipromorpha oleaginea pacifica"],["13111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, eastern Brazil, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E98117C",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/75/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] oleaginea"],["13112","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes rufiventris","Cabanis, 1846","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana Orn. p.148","Grey-hooded Flycatcher","Gray-hooded Flycatcher","Grey-hooded Flycatcher",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698803","gyhfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhfly1","avibase-900B219B",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/456/mode/1up","Mionectes rufiventris"],["13113","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes roraimae","(Chubb, 1919)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.4 p.303","Sierra de Lema Flycatcher","Sierra de Lema Flycatcher","Sierra de Lema Flycatcher",null,null,"tepuis of southern and southeastern Venezuela, adjacent northern Brazil, and western Guyana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680258","mccfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mccfly3","avibase-5155A0DC",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela] .","XXX. New Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53371#page/335/mode/1up","Pipromorpha oleaginea roraimae"],["13114","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes macconnelli","(Chubb, 1919)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.4 p.303","McConnell's Flycatcher","McConnell's Flycatcher","McConnell's Flycatcher",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield and the eastern Amazon basin from eastern Venezuela southeastward across the Guianas to northeastern Brazil, to southern Pará and eastern Amazonas, east of the Rio Negro; also in southeastern Peru, adjacent Brazil and northwestern Bolivia southward to western Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680198","mccfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mccfly1","avibase-7379144B",null,null,"Kamakabra River, British Guiana.","XXX. New Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53371#page/335/mode/1up","Pipromorpha oleaginea macconnelli"],["13115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes macconnelli macconnelli","(Chubb, 1919)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.4 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern and central Brazil, and northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7570437E",null,null,"Kamakabra River, British Guiana.","XXX. New Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53371#page/335/mode/1up","Pipromorpha oleaginea macconnelli"],["13116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mionectes macconnelli peruanus","(Carriker, 1930)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 82 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Peru, and adjacent southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73A7D35A",null,null,"Perene, Chanchamayo, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064083","Pipramorpha macconnelli peruana"],["13117","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.54.",null,null,null,"2025-0447","An expanded genus <em>Pogonotriccus </em>(polytypic, 9 species including <em>difficilis </em>and <em>paulista</em>) is separated from <em>Phylloscartes </em>based on genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020). Separation of <em>Pogonotriccus </em>is also supported by differences in plumages, behavior, and morphology.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa eximia [Temminck, 1822]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/62/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus"],["13118","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus difficilis","(Ihering & Ihering, 1907)","Catálogos da fauna brazileira 1 p.271","Serra do Mar Bristle Tyrant","Serra do Mar Bristle-Tyrant","Serra do Mar Tyrannulet",null,null,"coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699512","sdmtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sdmtyr2","avibase-E2C97418",null,null,"Campos do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45597#page/321/mode/1up","Guracava difficilis"],["13119","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus eximius","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.24, vol.3 text to pl.144 fig.2","Southern Bristle Tyrant","Southern Bristle-Tyrant","Southern Bristle-tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724696","sobtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sobtyr2","avibase-D1765326",null,null,"Brazil; type from Ipanema, São Paulo, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 345.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/249/mode/1up","Muscicapa eximia"],["13120","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus lanyoni","(Graves, 1988)","Wilson Bulletin 100, no.4 p.529,530,531,front.","Antioquia Bristle Tyrant","Antioquia Bristle-Tyrant","Antioquia Bristle-tyrant",null,null,"central Andes of northern Colombia (Antioquia and eastern Caldas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699469","anbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anbtyr1","avibase-565C6A2F",null,null,"El Pescado, 12 Km.cerca de Puerto Valdivia en el Río Cauca, Antioquia, Colombia.","Phylloscartes lanyoni, a new species of bristle-tyrant (Tyrannidae) from the lower Cauca Valley of Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol100/iss4/4/","Phylloscartes lanyoni"],["13121","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.135","Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant","Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant","Marble-faced Bristle-tyrant",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), the western and central Andes from northern Colombia (including Serranía de San Lucas) southward to northwestern Ecuador, and the eastern Andes from southern Colombia southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699458","mfbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mfbtyr1","avibase-060A7FB7",null,null,"Amable Maria, Chanchamayo Valley, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/203/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus"],["13122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus ophthalmicus","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53374E06",null,null,"Amable Maria, Chanchamayo Valley, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/203/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus"],["13123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus ottonis","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CDCA0FB",null,null,"Songo, Yungas of La Paz, western Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/99/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus ottonis"],["13124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus purus","Todd, 1952","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy to Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACD71321",null,null,"El Limon, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/351/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus purus"],["13125","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus paulista","(Ihering & Ihering, 1907)","Catálogos da fauna brazileira 1 p.272","Sao Paulo Bristle Tyrant","Sao Paulo Bristle-Tyrant","Sao Paulo Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699497","saptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saptyr1","avibase-2A9B45E1",null,null,"Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45597#page/322/mode/1up","[Phylloscartes] paulista"],["13126","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus poecilotis","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.111","Variegated Bristle Tyrant","Variegated Bristle-Tyrant","Variegated Bristle-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia to western Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699477","vabtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vabtyr1","avibase-0FE016C3",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/141/mode/1up","Leptopogon poecilotis"],["13127","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus venezuelanus","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.357","Venezuelan Bristle Tyrant","Venezuelan Bristle-Tyrant","Venezuelan Bristle-tyrant",null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Carabobo to Distrito Federal)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699462","vebtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vebtyr2","avibase-2D4F8B2B",null,null,"Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/385/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus venezuelanus"],["13128","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus orbitalis","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.68","Spectacled Bristle Tyrant","Spectacled Bristle-Tyrant","Spectacled Bristle-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of far southern Colombia to Ecuador, Peru, and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699473","spbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbtyr1","avibase-884A2A84",null,null,"Monterico, Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/80/mode/1up","Capsiempis orbitalis"],["13129","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus chapmani","(Gilliard, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1071 p.9","Chapman's Bristle Tyrant","Chapman's Bristle-Tyrant","Chapman's Bristle-tyrant",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent southwestern Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699484","chabrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chabrt1","avibase-CBB4CE4D",null,null,"Arabupu, 4,200 ft., Cerro Roraima, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seven new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2235/","Phylloscartes chapmani"],["13130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus chapmani chapmani","(Gilliard, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1071 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar and northeastern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-594FCE92",null,null,"Arabupu, 4,200 ft., Cerro Roraima, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seven new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2235/","Phylloscartes chapmani"],["13131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pogonotriccus chapmani duidae","(Phelps & Phelps, 1951)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina) and (?) adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77C13ABB",null,null,"Cerro Duida, 1,980 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","Four new Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/86/mode/1up","Phylloscartes chapmani duidae"],["13132","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa ventralis [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/60/mode/1up","Phylloscartes"],["13133","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes oustaleti","(Sclater, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.48 pl.9 fig.2","Oustalet's Tyrannulet","Oustalet's Tyrannulet","Oustalet's Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to eastern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699509","oustyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oustyr1","avibase-32A18E56",null,null,"'Bogotá'; error, type probably from Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 353.","Characters of new Species of Birds of the Family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/100/mode/1up","Leptopogon oustaleti"],["13134","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes flavovirens","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.472","Panama Tyrannulet","Yellow-green Tyrannulet","Yellow-green Tyrannulet",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Panama (Canal Zone to eastern Darién)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699523","yegtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yegtyr1","avibase-A9D39709",null,null,"along line of Panama Railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/504/mode/1up","Leptopogon flavovirens"],["13135","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes virescens","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.95","Olive-green Tyrannulet","Olive-green Tyrannulet","Olive-green Tyrannulet",null,null,"lowlands of the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil (Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699527","olgtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olgtyr1","avibase-D7F10E84",null,null,"Pied Saut, French Guiana.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/121/mode/1up","Phylloscartes virescens"],["13136","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes kronei","Willis & Oniki, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.158","Restinga Tyrannulet","Restinga Tyrannulet","Restinga Tyrannulet",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (southeastern São Paulo to northeastern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724425","restyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/restyr1","avibase-97DCD1A5",null,null,"25°01'S, 47°54'W, São Paulo, Brasil.","A new Phylloscartes (Tyrannidae) from southeastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/462/mode/1up","Phylloscartes kronei"],["13137","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes beckeri","Gonzaga & Pacheco, 1995","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 115 p.88 [88-97]","Bahia Tyrannulet","Bahia Tyrannulet","Bahia Tyrannulet",null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia near Boa Nova)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724495","bahtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahtyr1","avibase-F6C138EF",null,null,"7 km.al sureste de Boa Nova, 14 23'202\"S, 40 08'46\"W, Bahía, Brasil.","A new species of Phylloscartes (Tyrannidae) from the mountains of southern Bahia, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/104/mode/1up","Phylloscartes beckeri"],["13138","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes ventralis","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.3 text to pl.275 fig.2","Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet","Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet","Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet",null,null,"montane and foothill humid forest in the eastern Andes from northern Peru east and south of the Río Marañón, southeastward to northwestern Argentina, to Catamarca; and in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil from Espirito Santo and central Minas Gerais southwestward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (southward to northern Buenos Aires) and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699520","moctyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moctyr2","avibase-C5957BA1",null,null,"Brazil; Ipanema, São Paulo, designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 350.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/262/mode/1up","Muscicapa ventralis"],["13139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes ventralis angustirostris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.52 ",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (San Martín) to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20D9C670",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/168/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] angustirostris"],["13140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes ventralis tucumanus","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1095 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy to Tucumán and Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DB2E0D8",null,null,"Tafí Trail, 2,000 ft., Tucumán, Argentina.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 35, Notes on the genera Phylloscartes, Euscarthmus, Pseudocolopteryx, Tachuris, Spizitornis, Yanacea, Uromyias, Stigmatura, Serpophaga, and Mecocerculus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4805/","Phylloscartes ventralis tucumanus"],["13141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes ventralis ventralis","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.3 text to pl.275 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to Uruguay, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05238D2D",null,null,"Brazil; Ipanema, São Paulo, designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 350.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/262/mode/1up","Muscicapa ventralis"],["13142","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes sylviolus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.54","Bay-ringed Tyrannulet","Bay-ringed Tyrannulet","Bay-ringed Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724690","bartyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bartyr1","avibase-478AB66D",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 246.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/62/mode/1up","L[eptotriccus] sylviolus"],["13143","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes ceciliae","Teixeira, 1987","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 107 p.38 [37-41]","Alagoas Tyrannulet","Alagoas Tyrannulet","Alagoas Tyrannulet",null,null,"highlands of northeastern Brazil (Alagoas)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699516","alatyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alatyr1","avibase-E7BECBF1",null,null,"Sierra Blanca, 9° 15'S., 35°50'W.Murici, Alagoas, Brasil.","A new tyrannulet (Phylloscartes) from northeastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/66/mode/1up","Phylloscartes ceciliae"],["13144","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes roquettei","Snethlage, 1928","Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 4, no.2 p.2, pl.","Minas Gerais Tyrannulet","Minas Gerais Tyrannulet","Minas Gerais Tyrannulet",null,null,"south-central Bahia to central Minas Gerais, in eastern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699494","migtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/migtyr1","avibase-34B5008C",null,null,"Brejo Januaria, Rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais, Brazil.","Novas especies e subspecies de Aves do Brasil Central.","https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/28dcda10-abed-4038-ae8f-c8ec6f0e891f/content","Phylloscartes roquettei"],["13145","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes superciliaris","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.389","Rufous-browed Tyrannulet","Rufous-browed Tyrannulet","Rufous-browed Tyrannulet",null,null,"humid montane and foothill forest in the mountains of Costa Rica and locally in Panama and adjacent Colombia; also in the Sierra de Perijá and patchily across the northern part of the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia, eastern Andes of Ecuador and adjacent northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699531","rubtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubtyr1","avibase-DD6FEA78",null,null,"Chitra, Veragua [s] , Panama.","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/483/mode/1up","Leptotriccus superciliaris"],["13146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes superciliaris superciliaris","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica to western Panama (Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D375A5FD",null,null,"Chitra, Veragua [s] , Panama.","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/483/mode/1up","Leptotriccus superciliaris"],["13147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes superciliaris palloris","(Griscom, 1935)","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 8 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) and adjacent Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F999C4EF",null,null,"Tapalisa [= Cerro Tacarcuna] , Darien, eastern Panama.","Critical notes on rare Panama Birds.","https://archive.org/details/occasionalpapers08bost/page/200/mode/1up","Mecocerculus superciliaris palloris"],["13148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes superciliaris griseocapillus","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá to southeastern Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0911F9A3",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, 1,900 m., Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/293/mode/1up","Phylloscartes superciliaris griseocapillus"],["13149","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes nigrifrons","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.446","Black-fronted Tyrannulet","Black-fronted Tyrannulet","Black-fronted Tyrannulet",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar and Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699481","blftyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blftyr1","avibase-52DFC50E",null,null,"Roraima, 5,000 ft., 'British Guiana' [= Venezuela] .","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/500/mode/1up","Leptopogon nigrifrons"],["13150","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes flaviventris","(Hartert, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.5","Rufous-lored Tyrannulet","Rufous-lored Tyrannulet","Rufous-lored Tyrannulet",null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699491","rultyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rultyr1","avibase-7AA4B39B",null,null,"Ejido and Mérida, Venezuela; type from Mérida, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 349.","Leptotriccus flaviventris, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/443/mode/1up","Leptotriccus flaviventris"],["13151","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes gualaquizae","(Sclater, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.48","Ecuadorian Tyrannulet","Ecuadorian Tyrannulet","Ecuadorian Tyrannulet",null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Ecuador and northern Peru (San Martín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699488","ecutyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecutyr1","avibase-4618EFE9",null,null,"Gualaquiza, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador.","Characters of new Species of Birds of the Family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/100/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus gualaquizae"],["13152","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phylloscartes parkeri","Fitzpatrick & Stotz, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.36-44","Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet","Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet","Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andean foothills of central and southeastern Peru and adjacent northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724613","ciftyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciftyr1","avibase-00DDD5CE",null,null,"Hacienda Amazonia, Madre de Dios, 12°57'S, 71°11'W, Perú.","A new species of tyrannulet (Phylloscartes) from the Andean foothills of Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Phylloscartes parkeri"],["13153","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cyclorhynchus olivaceus [Desmarest]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 31). = Platyrhynchos olivaceus Temminck, 1820  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/64/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus"],["13154","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus pacificus","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.174","Pacific Flatbill","Pacific Flatbill","Pacific Flatbill",null,null,"western Colombia (Chocó) to northwestern Ecuador (south to southern Pichincha)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729308","pacfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacfla1","avibase-BD2E79A9",null,null,"Juntas de Tamana, Chocó, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Craspedoprion pacificus"],["13155","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus brevirostris","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.249","Eye-ringed Flatbill","Eye-ringed Flatbill","Eye-ringed Flatbill",null,null,"humid forest of lowlands to hills of Caribbean slope from southeastern San Luis Potosí (east-central Mexico) and Pacific slope from Guerrero (west-central Mexico) southward through Mexico (including Yucatan Peninsula but not Cozumel) through Panama to adjacent far northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699594","eyrfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eyrfla1","avibase-25B7AC2F",null,null,"'Xalapa' [= Jalapa, Veracruz], Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/257/mode/1up","C[yclorhynchus] brevirostris"],["13156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus brevirostris brevirostris","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope from southeastern San Luis Potosí (east-central Mexico) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91FCF844",null,null,"'Xalapa' [= Jalapa, Veracruz], Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/257/mode/1up","C[yclorhynchus] brevirostris"],["13157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus brevirostris pallidus","Binford, 1965","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 30 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of southern Mexico (Guerrero to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F18AB0DD",null,null,"Minitan, sea level, 22 road miles south of Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Two new subspecies of birds from Oaxaca, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/21/","Rhynchocyclus brevirostris pallidus"],["13158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus brevirostris hellmayri","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Panama (Darién) and far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E433F9E5",null,null,"Cana, Pacific slope of Darien, Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/448/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus brevirostris hellmayri"],["13159","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.70","Western Olivaceous Flatbill","Western Olivaceous Flatbill",null,"2025-0843","Taxon <em>aequinoctialis </em>(polytypic, and including the newly described taxon <em>cryptus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Rhynchocyclus olivaceus</em> based on multilocus DNA evidence, supported by vocalizations (Simões et al. 2022), and apparent sympatry. Additional splits within <em>R. olivaceus sensu stricto</em> may be warranted (i.e., taxon <em>guianensis</em>).","tropical rainforest from eastern Panama and northern Colombia eastward to western and northern Venezuela eastward to the Paría Peninsula; southward along the foothills of the Andes to eastern Colombia, down to the Amazon basin of eastern Colombia and Ecuador southward to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, in Acre and western Amazonas",null,null,null,"olifla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olifla2","avibase-5F178C08",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/104/mode/1up","Cyclorhynchus aequinoctialis"],["13160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis bardus","(Bangs & Barbour, 1922)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.6 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia (northern Chocó to southern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-361575BF",null,null,"Cerro Sapo, Darien, Panama.","Birds from Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/234/mode/1up","Craspedoprion olivaceus bardus"],["13161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis mirus","Meyer de Schauensee, 1950","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia (lower Atrato Valley and inland from coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AA43141",null,null,"Murindo, Antioquia, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Rhynchocyclus olivaceus mirus"],["13162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis jelambianus","Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1994","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 44 p.229-257",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Sucre and northern Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACF47622",null,null,"Urama, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela.","Descripcion de nueve subespecies nuevas y comentarios sobre dos especies de aves de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-nueve-subespecies-nuevas-y-comentarios-sobre-dos-especies-de-aves-de-venezuela/","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus jelambianus"],["13163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis tamborensis","Todd, 1952","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (Río Lebrija region of Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93335052",null,null,"El Tambor, Santander, Colombia.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/347/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus tamborensis"],["13164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis flavus","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B254BF6",null,null,"Onaca, 2,500 ft., near coast. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Craspedoprion aequinoctialis flavus"],["13165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis aequinoctialis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and north-central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-224D870B",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/104/mode/1up","Cyclorhynchus aequinoctialis"],["13166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis cryptus","Simões, Cerqueira, Peloso & Aleixo, 2021","Zoologica ScriptaFALSE",null,null,null,"2025-0843","Taxon <em>aequinoctialis </em>(polytypic, and including the newly described taxon <em>cryptus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Rhynchocyclus olivaceus</em> based on multilocus DNA evidence, supported by vocalizations (Simões et al. 2022), and apparent sympatry. Additional splits within <em>R. olivaceus sensu stricto</em> may be warranted (i.e., taxon <em>guianensis</em>).","southwestern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River and west of the Rio Madeira, westward to Amazonian Peru and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65E32F80",null,null,"Estacao Ecológica (ESEC) Rio Acre, state of Acre, Brazil (11°03'05,2'S;70°12'59'W) on the Brazil/Peru border","Integrative taxonomy of Flatbill Flycatchers (Tyrannidae) reveals a new species from the Amazonian lowlands","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zsc.12519","Rhynchocyclus cryptus"],["13167","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.92","Fulvous-breasted Flatbill","Fulvous-breasted Flatbill","Fulvous-breasted Flatbill",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and far western Venezuela to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699602","fubfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fubfla1","avibase-B8F480C4",null,null,"Nanegal, Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/130/mode/1up","Cyclorhynchus fulvipectus"],["13168","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.2, vol.3 pl.12 fig.1","Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill","Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill","Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill","2025-0843","Taxon <em>aequinoctialis </em>(polytypic, and including the newly described taxon <em>cryptus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Rhynchocyclus olivaceus</em> based on multilocus DNA evidence, supported by vocalizations (Simões et al. 2022), and apparent sympatry. Additional splits within <em>R. olivaceus sensu stricto</em> may be warranted (i.e., taxon <em>guianensis</em>).","tropical rainforest, sandy-soil and black-water forest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across central and eastern Amazonia in Brazil to northern Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and possibly northeastern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Pernambuco southward to Rio de Janeiro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680403","olifla3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olifla3","avibase-5BC79C41",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 214.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/175/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos olivaceus"],["13169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus guianensis","McConnell, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil; also southern Amazonian Brazil between the Rio Purus and Rio Tapajós, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A019F0E3",null,null,"British Guiana; restricted to Abary River (J. T. Z.).","Description of new species and subspecies of birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/134/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus guianensis"],["13170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus sordidus","Todd, 1952","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36277900",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/346/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus sordidus"],["13171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus olivaceus","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.2, vol.3 pl.12 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and eastern Brazil (eastern Pará; Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABF37903",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 214.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/175/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos olivaceus"],["13172","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platyrhynchus sulphurescens [von Spix, 1825]; type by original designation",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/287/mode/1up","Tolmomyias"],["13173","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias flavotectus","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.608","Yellow-winged Flatbill","Yellow-winged Flatbill","Yellow-winged Flatbill","2025-0440","Taxon <em>flavotectus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Tolmomyias assimilis</em> (polytypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) did not recover <em>T. assimilis sensu lato</em> as monophyletic, instead placing <em>flavotectus </em>as sister to all other <em>Tolmomyias</em>. Vocal differences between <em>flavotectus </em>and forms retained in <em>T. assimilis</em> are striking.","eastern Costa Rica to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731691","yemfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yemfly2","avibase-F822D4C3",null,null,"San Javier, [Hacienda] Paramba, [? Imbabura] , Ecuador.","Some further notes on the birds of North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/678/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus megacephala flavotectus"],["13174","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias poliocephalus","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.285","Grey-crowned Flatbill","Gray-crowned Flatbill","Grey-crowned Flatbill",null,null,"humid lowland forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across Amazonia to northern Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to Maranhão and northern Tocantins; also in the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte southward to Rio de Janeiro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699615","gycfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycfly1","avibase-672EA938",null,null,"Nauta, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/295/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus"],["13175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias poliocephalus klagesi","(Ridgway, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Venezuela (northern Amazonas to Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F4983C8",null,null,"Maripa, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/151/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus klagesi"],["13176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias poliocephalus poliocephalus","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, southern Venezuela, and western Amazonian Brazil (western Amazonas eastward to right bank of lower Rio Negro and Rio Tefé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A631C627",null,null,"Nauta, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/295/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus"],["13177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias poliocephalus sclateri","(Hellmayr, 1903)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas, Amazonian and eastern Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF5CDFD7",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro [= Manaus] , Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/215/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus sclateri"],["13178","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.110,181","Yellow-margined Flatbill","Yellow-margined Flatbill","Yellow-margined Flatbill","2025-0440","Taxon <em>flavotectus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Tolmomyias assimilis</em> (polytypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) did not recover <em>T. assimilis sensu lato</em> as monophyletic, instead placing <em>flavotectus </em>as sister to all other <em>Tolmomyias</em>. Vocal differences between <em>flavotectus </em>and forms retained in <em>T. assimilis</em> are striking.","tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazonia to central Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to Maranhão and Tocantins",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680514","yemfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yemfly1","avibase-152E11D2",null,null,"Borba, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/120/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus assimilis"],["13179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis neglectus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and northwestern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Negro region of northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B91C58CA",null,null,"San Gabriel, upper Rio Negro, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias flavotectus neglectus"],["13180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis examinatus","(Chubb, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (Pará and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8022F4E7",null,null,"Bartica [Grove, British Guiana] .","Descriptions of new genera and subspecies of South and Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/376/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens examinatus"],["13181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis obscuriceps","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Meta) to northeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (eastern Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFAF048B",null,null,"lower Río Suno, eastern Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias flavotectus obscuriceps"],["13182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis clarus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Peru immediately north of Río Marañón southward to northern Puno",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DAAC68D",null,null,"Río Seco, 3,000 ft., west of Moyobamba, northern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias flavotectus clarus"],["13183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis assimilis","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.110,181",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil, south of the Amazon River, eastward to the Rio Canumã/Rio Sucunduri (from Tefé, in central Amazonas, eastward to Rio Tapajós, in western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-193F2C71",null,null,"Borba, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/120/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus assimilis"],["13184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis sucunduri","Whitney, Schunck, Rêgo & Silveira, 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.297-300",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rio Canumã/Rio Sucunduri and the lower Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89498DA4",null,null,"Amazonas; left bank rio Parauri about 6 km above cachoeira Tambor (05°04'02''S/58°02'40''W) at about 70 m elevation","A new species of flycatcher in the Tolmomyias assimilis radiation from the lower Sucunduri-Tapajós interfluvium in central Amazonian Brazil heralds a new chapter in Amazonian biogeography","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/297-300_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Tolmomyias sucunduri"],["13185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis paraensis","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Pará and northwestern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11315A0C",null,null,"Utinga, near Pará, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias flavotectus paraensis"],["13186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias assimilis calamae","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (southeastern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4B15EBA",null,null,"Calama, upper Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias flavotectus calamae"],["13187","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias traylori","Schulenberg & Parker, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.723-731","Orange-eyed Flatbill","Orange-eyed Flatbill","Orange-eyed Flatbill",null,null,"tropical southern Colombia and northeastern Peru north of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733350","orefly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orefly1","avibase-E9FEA494",null,null,"Orilla norte del Río Amazonas, 5 Km.este sudeste de Orán, en los 03°25'S, 72°30'W, aproximadamente 85 Km.al noreste de Iquitos, Loreto, Perú.","A new species of tyrant-flycatcher (Tyrannidae: Tolmomyias) from the western Amazon basin.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Tolmomyias traylori"],["13188","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias flaviventris","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.929","Ochre-lored Flatbill","Ochre-lored Flatbill","Ochre-lored Flatbill","2025-0446","<em>Tolmomyias viridiceps</em> and <em>T. flaviventris </em>are treated as separate species based on plumage and vocalizations. Songs differ markedly and plumages are consistently different across most of their range. Genetic studies based on genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA-dominated data (Almeida 2017) indicate low to moderate levels of divergence. The species occur in close proximity and may intergrade; further research in these areas required.","dry to humid forest, woodland and scrub, sandy-soil savanna, and gallery forest and mangrove from eastern Panama eastward across northern Colombia and western Venezuela, in interior Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley to Cundinamarca; east of the Andes in northern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas southward to northeastern Colombia, most Amazonia in Brazil to northern Bolivia, and in interior and eastern Brazil southward to southern Rio de Janeiro, southern Minas Gerais, and Goiás",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680560","yebfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfly3","avibase-E0B5F9D3",null,null,"Mucuri and Alcobaca, southern Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/951/mode/1up","Muscipeta flaviventris"],["13189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias flaviventris aurulentus","(Todd, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil (from the Rio Branco eastward, to northern Pará and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82EF17E4",null,null,"Mamatoco, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/213/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus flaviventris aurulentus"],["13190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias flaviventris dissors","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Venezuela (Amazonas) and lower Amazonian Brazil (in northern Pará near Rio Jamundá, and from west of Rio Tapajós, eastward to Rio Tocantins and Marajó Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FBABA52",null,null,"Faro, Rio Jamundá [=Nhamunda, Pará], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias flaviventris dissors"],["13191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias flaviventris flaviventris","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.929",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Espírito Santo and Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB08B5F8",null,null,"Mucuri and Alcobaca, southern Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/951/mode/1up","Muscipeta flaviventris"],["13192","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias viridiceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.280","Olive-faced Flatbill","Olive-faced Flatbill","Olive-faced Flatbill","2025-0446","<em>Tolmomyias viridiceps</em> and <em>T. flaviventris </em>are treated as separate species based on plumage and vocalizations. Songs differ markedly and plumages are consistently different across most of their range. Genetic studies based on genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA-dominated data (Almeida 2017) indicate low to moderate levels of divergence. The species occur in close proximity and may intergrade; further research in these areas required.","tropical rain forest and borders in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia; in Brazil eastward along the Amazon River to eastern Amazonas, eastward to the Rio Madeira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731695","yebfly4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfly4","avibase-737A9431",null,null,"Pebas, Peru.","On the Birds of Eastern Peru. With Notes on the Habits of the Birds, by Edward Bartlett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/358/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus viridiceps"],["13193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias viridiceps viridiceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and upper Amazonian Brazil, eastward to Rio Negro and lower Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-169EA852",null,null,"Pebas, Peru.","On the Birds of Eastern Peru. With Notes on the Habits of the Birds, by Edward Bartlett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/358/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus viridiceps"],["13194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias viridiceps zimmeri","Bond, 1947","Notulae Naturae no.196 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Peru (San Martín to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB02104A",null,null,"Perene, 2,000 ft., Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru.","Two new Tyrant Flycatchers from Peru.",null,"Tolmomyias flaviventris zimmeri"],["13195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias viridiceps subsimilis","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (northern Puno) to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C46E4252",null,null,"Santa Ana, 2,200 ft., Río Coroico, La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Tolmomyias flaviventris subsimilis"],["13196","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.10, pl.12, f.1","Yellow-olive Flatbill","Yellow-olive Flatbill","Yellow-olive Flatbill",null,null,"dry to humid forest, woodland and scrub, river islands and savanna forest from southeastern Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula, southward across Central America to northern Colombia and northern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas, in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena and in western Colombia southward to northwestern Peru (not in wet Chocó of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador); in the Amazon basin mainly along rivers southward to central Bolivia and southward along the Yungas to northwestern Argentina; also in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to eastern Bolivia, most Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, southeastern Brazil and adjacent Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699605","yeofly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeofly1","avibase-90069CDD",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Piauí; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 273.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/24/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus sulphurescens"],["13197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens cinereiceps","(Sclater, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E21CCA03",null,null,"Oaxaca, Mexico.","A List of Tyrant-birds of Mexico, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/493/mode/1up","Cyclorhynchus cinereiceps"],["13198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens flavoolivaceus","(Lawrence, 1863)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama (westward to Chiriquí on the Pacific slope, and to Colón on the Caribbean slope) and northwestern Colombia (eastward to southwestern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46278CD4",null,null,"along line of Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill (McLeannan Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1888, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 2, p. 9","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 4.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/28/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus flavo-olivaceus"],["13199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens berlepschi","(Hartert & Goodson, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-980322D7",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/471/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens berlepschi"],["13200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens exortivus","(Bangs, 1908)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Marta region of northern Colombia to northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2682E8E9",null,null,"La Concepcion, 3,000 ft.. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","A new tyrant-bird from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/209/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens exortivus"],["13201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens asemus","(Bangs, 1910)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Cauca and Magdalena valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F7BE45B",null,null,"Pavas, western Colombia.","New or rare birds from western Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/95/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens asemus"],["13202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens confusus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-592B1341",null,null,"Villavicencio, 1,600 ft., Meta, Eastern Andes, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias sulphurescens confusus"],["13203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens duidae","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and adjacent northwestern Brazil (northern Amazonas perhaps to western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98A77A61",null,null,"Cano Seco, 2,250 ft., Cerro Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias sulphurescens duidae"],["13204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens aequatorialis","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.556",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBB276DC",null,null,"Chimbo and Guayaquil, southwestern Ecuador, and Lechugal, Tumbes, Peru; type from Chimbo, Ecuador, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 276.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/688/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus peruvianus aequatorialis"],["13205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens cherriei","(Hartert & Goodson, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil (upper Rio Branco and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59046298",null,null,"Cayenne, French Guiana.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/470/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens cherriei"],["13206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens peruvianus","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador (Loja) and northern Peru (southward to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8C01DAD",null,null,"Ropaybamba, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/695/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus peruvianus"],["13207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens insignis","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (Loreto) and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil (south of Amazon River, from Rio Juruá eastward to Rio Jamundá and Rio Madeira; north of Amazon River, from lower Rio Negro to Rio Nhamundá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDBEB778",null,null,"Rosarinho, Rio Madeira (left bank), Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias sulphurescens insignis"],["13208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens mixtus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Pará to northwestern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFB33D88",null,null,"Baião, Rio Tocantins (right bank), Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias sulphurescens mixtus"],["13209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens inornatus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Peru (northern Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D44F4D44",null,null,"Santo Domingo, 6,000 ft., southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Tolmomyias sulphurescens inornatus"],["13210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens pallescens","(Hartert & Goodson, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to northern Bolivia and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB5DD6AB",null,null,"Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/470/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens pallescens"],["13211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens grisescens","(Chubb, 1910)","Ibis ser.9, vol.4, no.6 p.588",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay and northern Argentina (eastern Chaco, Formosa, and northern Santa Fe)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1463082",null,null,"Sapucay, Paraguay.","On the Birds of Paraguay. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270950#page/694/mode/1up","Rhynchocyclus grisescens"],["13212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tolmomyias sulphurescens sulphurescens","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.10, pl.12, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8A2BA01",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Piauí; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 273.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/24/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus sulphurescens"],["13213","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Taeniotriccus","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Taeniotriccus andrei [von Berlepsch & Hartert, E, 1902]; type by original designation",null,"On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/58/mode/1up","Taeniotriccus"],["13214","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Taeniotriccus andrei","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.38","Black-chested Tyrant","Black-chested Tyrant","Black-chested Tyrant",null,null,"mangrove edges, bamboo-dominated forest, riparian thickets, and varzea forest in the Orinoco basin in eastern Venezuela and adjacent northwestern Guyana southward to northern Brazil (Roraima), and in the eastern Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River (eastern Pará, western Maranhão, northern Tocantins and northernmost Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698852","blctyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctyr2","avibase-7A5B9AF3",null,null,"La Pricion [= La Prision] , Río Caura, Bolívar, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/58/mode/1up","Taeniotriccus andrei"],["13215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Taeniotriccus andrei andrei","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Venezuela and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-939A293D",null,null,"La Pricion [= La Prision] , Río Caura, Bolívar, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/58/mode/1up","Taeniotriccus andrei"],["13216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Taeniotriccus andrei klagesi","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (along Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingú)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D9920BB",null,null,"Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/120/mode/1up","Taeniotriccus klagesi"],["13217","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnipodectes","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cyclorhynchus subbrunneus [Sclater, PL, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/359/mode/1up","Cnipodectes"],["13218","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnipodectes superrufus","Lane, Servat, Valqui Haase & Lambert, 2007","The Auk 124, no.3 p.762-772","Rufous Twistwing","Rufous Twistwing","Rufous Twistwing",null,null,"southwestern Amazonia in southeastern Peru, southwestern Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735464","ruftwi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftwi1","avibase-53F7D92C",null,null,"Puesta Vigilancia Pakitza on the left (north) bank of Río Manu (approximately 11°56'S, 71°15'W) in the Zona Reservada del Parque Nacional Manu, elevation 350 m","A distinctive new species of tyrant flycatcher (passeriformes: tyrannidae: cnipodectes) from southeastern peru","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/124/3/762/5562765","Cnipodectes superrufus"],["13219","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnipodectes subbrunneus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.282","Brownish Twistwing","Brownish Twistwing","Brownish Twistwing",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador, and southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699590","brofly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brofly1","avibase-8D786D76",null,null,"Ecuador; type from Babahoyo, Los Ríos, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 272.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/364/mode/1up","Cyclorhynchus subbrunneus"],["13220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnipodectes subbrunneus subbrunneus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0759F87F",null,null,"Ecuador; type from Babahoyo, Los Ríos, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 272.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/364/mode/1up","Cyclorhynchus subbrunneus"],["13221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnipodectes subbrunneus minor","Sclater, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.654",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A624BF5",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Descriptions of five apparently new Species of South-American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/808/mode/1up","Cnipodectes minor"],["13222","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Todus cinereus [Desmarest, 1805]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 31). = Todus cinereus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/422/mode/1up","Todirostrum"],["13223","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum maculatum","(Desmarest, 1806)","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.10 pl.70,text","Spotted Tody-Flycatcher","Spotted Tody-Flycatcher","Spotted Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"dense riparian thickets in river islands, oxbow lakes, and mangrove edge from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and eastward across the Amazon of Brazil to northeastern Mato Grosso, western Tocantins, northern and western Maranhão, and adjacent Piauí, and northward to the coast of the Guianas, northeastern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699018","sptfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptfly1","avibase-9B1A56FF",null,null,"'la Guaine' [= Cayenne].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208835#page/279/mode/1up","Todus maculatus"],["13224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum maculatum amacurense","Eisenmann & Phelps, 1971","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 29 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and northern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F762D6D",null,null,"Delta del Orinoco, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela.","Una nueva subespecie de Todirostrum maculatum del delta del Orinoco","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/una-nueva-subespecie-de-todirostrum-maculatum-del-delta-del-orinoco/","Todirostrum maculatum amacurense"],["13225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum maculatum maculatum","(Desmarest, 1806)","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.10 pl.70,text",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana to Suriname and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA226E63",null,null,"'la Guaine' [= Cayenne].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208835#page/279/mode/1up","Todus maculatus"],["13226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum maculatum signatum","Sclater & Salvin, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.18 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E431F13A",null,null,"Nauta, Pebas, and Iquitos, Peru; restricted to Iquitos (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/313/mode/1up","Todirostrum signatum"],["13227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum maculatum diversum","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil from Rio Negro eastward to Rio Jamundá and, south of the Amazon River, from eastern Amazonas (Tefé and upper Rio Madeira) eastward to right bank of Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9812ACEB",null,null,"Igarapé Brabo, left bank of lower Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Todirostrum maculatum diversum"],["13228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum maculatum annectens","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Brazil (Rio Branco and northeastern Amazonas southward to mouth of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67CA52A8",null,null,"Igarapé Cacao Pereira [=Cacau Pirêra], right bank of lower Rio Negro, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Todirostrum maculatum annectens"],["13229","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum viridanum","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.301","Maracaibo Tody-Flycatcher","Maracaibo Tody-Flycatcher","Maracaibo Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"coastal northwestern Venezuela (Zulia and Falcón)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699031","matfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/matfly1","avibase-8BCDA657",null,null,"Río Aurare, 12 miles south of Altagracia, Zulia, Venezuela.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/315/mode/1up","Todirostrum viridanum"],["13230","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.178","Common Tody-Flycatcher","Common Tody-Flycatcher","Common Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Veracruz and northern Oaxaca) to far northwestern Peru, northern Colombia through the Guianas, eastern edge of Andes from Colombia to Bolivia, northern Paraguay, and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699027","cotfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cotfly1","avibase-E3F6238A",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/182/mode/1up","[Todus] cinereus"],["13231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum virididorsale","Parkes, 1976","Nemouria no.18 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Veracruz and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9A5B64",null,null,"3 to 4 miles ENE of Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/287/mode/1up","Todirostrum cinereum virididorsale"],["13232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum finitimum","Bangs, 1904","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Tabasco and Chiapas) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14BA52C3",null,null,"San Juan Bautista, Tabasco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/132/mode/1up","Todirostrum cinereum finitimum"],["13233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum wetmorei","Parkes, 1976","Nemouria no.18 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central and eastern Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D297F44F",null,null,"San Felix, Chiriquí, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/289/mode/1up","Todirostrum cinereum wetmorei"],["13234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum sclateri","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97C4C072",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Tumbes by Zimmer, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1066, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/58/mode/1up","T[riccus] Sclateri"],["13235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum cinereum","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF3CC3F6",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/182/mode/1up","[Todus] cinereus"],["13236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum peruanum","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (south to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F8BD93C",null,null,"Vista Alegre, 4,100 ft., Peru.","Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/164/mode/1up","Todirostrum cinereum peruanum"],["13237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum coloreum","Ridgway, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to northern Paraguay and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B1339A7",null,null,"Corumba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/151/mode/1up","Todirostrum cinereum coloreum"],["13238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum cinereum cearae","Cory, 1916","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Pará to Piauí, Ceará, Alagoas, and northern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFEC1FA4",null,null,"Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/14/mode/1up","Todirostrum cinereum cearae"],["13239","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum poliocephalum","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.964","Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher","Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher","Yellow-lored Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais to eastern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699022","gyhtof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhtof1","avibase-F1A4E6AD",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/986/mode/1up","T[odus] poliocephalus"],["13240","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum nigriceps","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.288 p.66 pl.84 fig.1","Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher","Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher","Black-headed Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica to western Ecuador and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699035","bhtfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhtfly1","avibase-3951009E",null,null,"Santa Martha in Nov. Grenada. [= Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia].","On a New Species of the Genus Todirostrum of Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/818/mode/1up","Todirostrum nigriceps"],["13241","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum pictum","Salvin, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.15","Painted Tody-Flycatcher","Painted Tody-Flycatcher","Painted Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (east of Rio Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699039","patfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patfly1","avibase-35626642",null,null,"Aunai [= Annai] , British Guiana.","[Descriptions of five species of South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/453/mode/1up","Todirostrum pictum"],["13242","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum","Strickland, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.48-6, pl.49,upperfig.","Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher","Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher","Yellow-browed Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia and southeastward across Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River from the Rio Negro to the east, to northern Mato Grosso, eastern Pará, adjacent Tocantins and western Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699043","ybtfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ybtfly1","avibase-6D2F0F0B",null,null,"Peru.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/72/mode/1up","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum"],["13243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum guttatum","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.101,172",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru, far southwestern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil (north of Amazon River, eastward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F76EC28",null,null,"Barcelos and Poiares, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/182/mode/1up","Todirostrum guttatum"],["13244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum neglectum","Carriker, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (south of Amazon River, eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DD79170",null,null,"Huacamayo, 1,000 ft., Sandia, Puno, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064115","Todrirostrum chrysocrotaphum neglectum"],["13245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum chrysocrotaphum","Strickland, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.48-6, pl.49,upperfig.",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón) and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86D41525",null,null,"Peru.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/72/mode/1up","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum"],["13246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum simile","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (along left bank of lower Rio Tapajós in western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD5FE7CC",null,null,"Igarapé Amorin, left bank of Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum similis"],["13247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum illigeri","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (along right bank of Rio Tapajós from western Pará to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F175A8CB",null,null,"Pará, Brazil; restricted to Belém by Hellmayr, 1912, Abh. Bayern Akad. Wiss. Math.-phys. Kl., 26(2), p. 89.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/57/mode/1up","T[riccus] Illigeri"],["13248","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus","Berlepsch, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.167-168 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Todirostrum lenzi [von Berlepsch, 1884]; type by monotypy = Todirhamphus ruficeps Kaup, 1852  ",null,"Untersuchungen über die Vögel der Umgegend von Bucaramanga in Neu-Granada","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/310/mode/1up","Poecilotriccus"],["13249","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus capitalis","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.332 p.83 pl.125 fig.2","Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher","Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher","Black-and-white Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and southwestern Brazil (Rondônia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698839","bawtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawtyr1","avibase-978B53CA",null,null,"Río Napo, eastern Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/95/mode/1up","Todirostrum capitale"],["13250","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus albifacies","(Blake, 1959)","Natural History Miscellanea no.171 p.1","White-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher","White-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher","White-cheeked Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios and Cusco), western Brazil (Acre), and northern Bolivia (Pando)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698844","wcttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wcttyr1","avibase-4BEBB090",null,null,"Boca de Río Colorado (left bank), Madre de Dios, Peru.","A new species of Todirostrum from Peru.",null,"Todirostrum albifacies"],["13251","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus calopterus","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.332 p.82 pl.125 fig.1","Golden-winged Tody-Flycatcher","Golden-winged Tody-Flycatcher","Golden-winged Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Putumayo) to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (Loreto)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699047","gowtof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowtof1","avibase-A4A6DEC1",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/94/mode/1up","Todirostrum calopterum"],["13252","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus pulchellus","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.781","Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher","Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher","Black-backed Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"humid foothills of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699054","bkbtof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbtof1","avibase-6E0EF5A3",null,null,"Peruvia alta, Cosñipata [= Cosñipata, Cuzco, Peru] .","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/947/mode/1up","Todirostrum pulchellum"],["13253","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus luluae","Johnson & Jones, 2001","The Auk 118, no.2 p.334-341,frontcover,insidefrontcover","Lulu's Tody-Flycatcher","Johnson's Tody-Flycatcher","Lulu's Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"northern Peru (Cordillera de Colán) and adjacent eastern Andes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729557","johtot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/johtot1","avibase-DB8D17D3",null,null,"5.63 km al sureste de Corosha, Amazonas, Perú.","A new species of tody-tyrant (Tyrannidae: Poecilotriccus) from northern Peru","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol118/iss2/5/","Poecilotriccus luluae"],["13254","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus ruficeps","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.222 p.52","Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher","Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher","Rufous-crowned Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"montane cloudforest and scrub dominated by bamboo in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, in Piura and Cajamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698834","rcttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcttyr1","avibase-E353EA71",null,null,"'? Mexico'; type presumably a 'Bogotá skin.","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/80/mode/1up","Tod[iramphus] ruficeps"],["13255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus ruficeps melanomystax","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D175CC07",null,null,"above Salento, 9,000 ft., Caldas, Colombia.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/339/mode/1up","Poecilotriccus ruficeps melanomystax"],["13256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus ruficeps ruficeps","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.222 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia, south-central Ecuador, and southwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F41FF629",null,null,"'? Mexico'; type presumably a 'Bogotá skin.","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/80/mode/1up","Tod[iramphus] ruficeps"],["13257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus ruficeps rufigenis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BACA34A",null,null,"? Mongi [= Monji] , Ecuador.","Descriptions of six new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/190/mode/1up","Todirostrum rufigene"],["13258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus ruficeps peruvianus","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador and far northern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A735F74",null,null,"Chaupe, 6,100 ft., northeast of Huancabamba, northern Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Poecilotriccus ruficeps peruvianus"],["13259","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.361","Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher","Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher","Ochre-faced Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"humid forest borders and scrub, bamboo stands, and bracken thickets in the Andes of southeastern Peru southward across Bolivia to northwestern Argentina, to Salta and Tucuman, in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Pernambuco southward to Rio Grande do Sul and adjacent Uruguay, and inland to western Paraná, northeastern Argentina, and western Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698986","ocftof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocftof1","avibase-712D944F",null,null,"'Bresil, Bolivie' = Paraguay, fide Hellmayr, loc. cit.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/375/mode/1up","T[odirostrum] plumbeiceps"],["13260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps obscurus","(Zimmer, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B6F2382",null,null,"Santo Domingo, 6,000 ft. southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Todirostrum plumbeiceps obscurum"],["13261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps viridiceps","(Salvadori, 1897)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 12, no.292 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4ACA2D4",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43370#page/154/mode/1up","Euscarthmus viridiceps"],["13262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps plumbeiceps","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (São Paulo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7D4E9A1",null,null,"'Bresil, Bolivie' = Paraguay, fide Hellmayr, loc. cit.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/375/mode/1up","T[odirostrum] plumbeiceps"],["13263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps cinereipectus","(Novaes, 1953)","Revista Brasileria de Biologia 13 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and southeastern Minas Gerais); Alagoas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58B624D4",null,null,"Jatiboca, 900-1,000 m., Espírito Santo, Brazil.",null,null,"Todirostrum plumbeiceps cinereipectus"],["13264","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus senex","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.101,173","Buff-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher","Buff-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher","Buff-cheeked Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil (Madeira drainage in Amazonas and Rondônia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698972","buctof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buctof1","avibase-6D460666",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/183/mode/1up","Euscarthmus senex"],["13265","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus russatus","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.445","Ruddy Tody-Flycatcher","Ruddy Tody-Flycatcher","Ruddy Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and northern Brazil (Cerro Uei-tepui in Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698979","rudtof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudtof1","avibase-E847F0D4",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 6,000 ft., British Guiana [= Venezuela] .","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/499/mode/1up","Euscarthmus russatus"],["13266","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus sylvia","(Desmarest, 1806)","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.10 pl.71","Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher","Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher","Slate-headed Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"Gulf slope of southern Mexico (Veracruz) southward to Panama (Canal Zone), tropical northern Colombia (Cauca and Magdalena valleys) to northwestern Venezuela (eastward to northern Bolívar), and the Guianas and northern Brazil (Rio Branco to northern Piauí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699007","shtfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtfly1","avibase-579EA7EA",null,null,"locality unknown; probably Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 307.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208835#page/283/mode/1up","Todus sylvia"],["13267","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus sylvia schistaceiceps","(Sclater, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf slope of southern Mexico (Veracruz) to Panama (Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6E11645",null,null,"Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/494/mode/1up","Todirostrum schistaceiceps"],["13268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus sylvia superciliaris","(Lawrence, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia (Cauca and Magdalena valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C6C5353",null,null,"'Venezuela?'; type is labeled Carthagena [= Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia], fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 306.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/26/mode/1up","Todirostrum superciliaris"],["13269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus sylvia griseolus","(Todd, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (eastward to northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DAE7954",null,null,"El Hacha, Bolívar railway, Lara, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/212/mode/1up","Todirostrum schistaceiceps griseolum"],["13270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus sylvia sylvia","(Desmarest, 1806)","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.10 pl.71",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northern Brazil (along Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96B5FE30",null,null,"locality unknown; probably Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 307.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208835#page/283/mode/1up","Todus sylvia"],["13271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus sylvia schulzi","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (southeastern Pará to northern Piauí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC363EB2",null,null,"Ourem, Rio Guamá, Pará, Brazil.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/383/mode/1up","Todirostrum schulzi"],["13272","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus fumifrons","(Hartlaub, 1853)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.35","Smoky-fronted Tody-Flycatcher","Smoky-fronted Tody-Flycatcher","Smoky-fronted Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"dense humid to semi-humid scrub, bushes, and thickets in Suriname and French Guiana southward across the easternmost Amazon basin in Brazil to northern Mato Grosso, and in the Cerrado of Brazil from northern Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará southward to southern Tocantins, and in far southern Venezuela; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte southward to southern Bahia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699000","smftof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smftof1","avibase-7B80B483",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 303.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/47/mode/1up","Todirostrum fumifrons"],["13273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus fumifrons fumifrons","(Hartlaub, 1853)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Paraíba to northeastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2F51F69",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 303.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/47/mode/1up","Todirostrum fumifrons"],["13274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus fumifrons penardi","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname to French Guiana and lower Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3060E5F8",null,null,"near Paramaribo, Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/702/mode/1up","Todirostrum, fumifrons penardi"],["13275","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.101,173","Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher","Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher","Rusty-fronted Tody-flycatcher",null,null,"dense thickets in shrub in forest edges, riparian, and gallery forest in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southeastward to northern and eastern Bolivia, far northern Paraguay, and in Brazil mainly south of the Amazon River eastward to the Rio Tapajós in central Pará, western and southern Tocantins, Goiás, western Minas Gerais, and southeastward to western São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, and adjacent Paraná",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698993","ruftof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftof1","avibase-106B40D1",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madiera, Amazonas, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/183/mode/1up","Euscarthmus latirostris"],["13276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris mituensis","(Olivares, 1965)","Caldasia 9, no.43 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Mitú region of Vaupés)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2206F5C3",null,null,"Mitu, 240 m., Vaupes, Colombia.","Una nueva subespecie de Todirostrum latirostre de la Comisaria del Vaupes (Colombia)","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/33667/33648","Todirostrum latirostre mituense"],["13277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris caniceps","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE314110",null,null,"Florencia, Río Caquetá, Colombia.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Euscarthmus latirostris caniceps"],["13278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris latirostris","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.101,173",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (Rio Juruá and Rio Purus eastward to Parintins in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E423B72",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madiera, Amazonas, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/183/mode/1up","Euscarthmus latirostris"],["13279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris mixtus","(Zimmer, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (northern Puno) to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD1315B6",null,null,"Candamo, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Todirostrum latirostre mixtum"],["13280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris ochropterus","(Allen, 1889)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.13 p.143-144",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (northern São Paulo) to eastern Bolivia and western Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3CB4A22",null,null,"Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Descriptions of new species of South American birds, with remarks on various other little known species","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1710","Euscarthmus ochropterus"],["13281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris austroriparius","(Todd, 1952)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (right bank of Rio Tapajós near Santarém in western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A908586",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/348/mode/1up","Todirostrum latirostre austroriparium"],["13282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Poecilotriccus latirostris senectus","(Griscom & Greenway, 1937)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 81, no.2 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil north of the Amazon River (northeastern Amazonas and northwestern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3225386A",null,null,"No. 175,819, Mus. Comp. Zool.; 9 ad.; Boca do Igarapé-Piaba, near Óbidos [Pará], Brazil; March 6, 1933; coll. A. M. Olalla","Critical notes on new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21291#page/448/mode/1up","Todirostrum latirostre senectum"],["13283","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa diops [Temminck, 1822]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/60/mode/1up","Hemitriccus"],["13284","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus minor","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.193","Snethlage's Tody-Tyrant","Snethlage's Tody-Tyrant","Snethlage's Tody-tyrant",null,null,"vine tangles inside tropical rainforest and varzea forest in the southern Amazon basin, mostly south of the Amazon River from central Brazil (Amazonas and Pará) southwestward to western Acre, southward to southwestern Mato Grosso, northern and northeastern Bolivia, and eastward to northern and western Tocantins; in northern Brazil north of the Amazon River along both banks of the Rio Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698859","snttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snttyr1","avibase-67D5984B",null,null,"Arumatheua [= Arumateua], left bank, lower Rio Tocantins, Pará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/211/mode/1up","Euscarthmus zosterops minor"],["13285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus minor minor","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River, between the lower Rio Xingu and the right (east) bank of the lower Rio Tocantins",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5D092EF",null,null,"Arumatheua [= Arumateua], left bank, lower Rio Tocantins, Pará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/211/mode/1up","Euscarthmus zosterops minor"],["13286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus minor snethlageae","(Snethlage, 1937)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 45 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River, between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós, southward to northern Bolivia, and extending to east bank of upper Rio Tapajós drainage; also, locally, west of upper Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3F802DE",null,null,"Boim, Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Ein neuer Tyrannide aus Amazonien.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_45_0168-0175.pdf#page=7","Snethlagea minor snethlageae"],["13287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus minor pallens","(Todd, 1925)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil, from western Amazonas (on both banks of the Amazon River) eastward to Rio Negro and lower Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-375F3752",null,null,"Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/120/mode/1up","Snethlagea minima pallens"],["13288","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus spodiops","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.87","Yungas Tody-Tyrant","Yungas Tody-Tyrant","Yungas Tody-tyrant",null,null,"Yungas of southeastern Peru (Puno) and Bolivia (southward to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698929","yuttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yuttyr1","avibase-FFF096DB",null,null,"Songo, Yungas of La Paz, western Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/97/mode/1up","Euscarthmus spodiops"],["13289","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus cohnhafti","Zimmer, Whittaker, Sardelli et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.292-296","Acre Tody-Tyrant","Acre Tody-Tyrant","Acre Tody-tyrant",null,null,"southwestern Amazonia in Brazil (eastern Acre), adjacent southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios), and far northeastern Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680575","acrtot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/acrtot1","avibase-287B92E9",null,null,"Estrada da Pedreira (10 56'34.5\"S; 69 28'04.5\"W), ca. 10 km E. of Assis Brasil, Acre, Brazil","A new species of Hemitriccus tody-tyrant from the state of Acre, Brazil","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/292-296_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Hemitriccus cohnhafti"],["13290","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus flammulatus","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.87","Flammulated Bamboo Tyrant","Flammulated Pygmy-Tyrant","Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant",null,null,"mostly bamboo thickets inside tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin of southeastern Peru (Ucayali, Cusco, Madre de Dios, and northern Puno), and disjunctly in northern San Martin southward to northern and central Bolivia (to western Santa Cruz), and southwestern Brazil (Acre eastward to western Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698870","flapyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flapyt1","avibase-ABF9C0A0",null,null,"San Mateo, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/97/mode/1up","Hemitriccus flammulatus"],["13291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus flammulatus flammulatus","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru, adjacent southwestern Brazil, and Yungas of northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CE085A3",null,null,"San Mateo, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/97/mode/1up","Hemitriccus flammulatus"],["13292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus flammulatus olivascens","(Todd, 1915)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Bolivia (south to northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6963455",null,null,"Río Surutu, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of seven apparently new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/209/mode/1up","Euscarthmus olivascens"],["13293","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus diops","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.24, vol.3 text to pl.144 fig.1","Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant","Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant","Drab-breasted Bamboo-tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698876","drbpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drbpyt1","avibase-AA268B7C",null,null,"Brazil; type from Ipanema, São Paulo, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 343.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/249/mode/1up","Muscicapa diops"],["13294","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus obsoletus","(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1905)","Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 13 p.183","Brown-breasted Bamboo Tyrant","Brown-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant","Brown-breasted Bamboo-tyrant",null,null,"humid forest and bamboo patches in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil in southern Minas Gerais and southern Rio de Janeiro southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698882","bnbpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnbpyt1","avibase-3B65A703",null,null,"Retiro do Ramos, Caminho de Couto, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87058#page/1333/mode/1up","Musciphaga obsoleta"],["13295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus obsoletus obsoletus","(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1905)","Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 13 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C19C1FD",null,null,"Retiro do Ramos, Caminho de Couto, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87058#page/1333/mode/1up","Musciphaga obsoleta"],["13296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus obsoletus zimmeri","Traylor, 1979","Check-list of birds of the world 8 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Brazil (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6615857",null,null,"Sinimbú, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50637#page/100/mode/1up","Hemitriccus obsoletus zimmeri"],["13297","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus josephinae","(Chubb, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.132","Boat-billed Tody-Tyrant","Boat-billed Tody-Tyrant","Boat-billed Tody-tyrant",null,null,"southern Guyana to Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil (Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698863","bbttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbttyr1","avibase-8DEC75BC",null,null,"Supenaam, west bank of Essequibo River, British Guiana.","Exhibition and description of two new species of birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/174/mode/1up","Euscarthmus josephinae"],["13298","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus zosterops","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.102,173","White-eyed Tody-Tyrant","White-eyed Tody-Tyrant","White-eyed Tody-tyrant",null,null,"tropical rainforest and woodland in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northeastern Peru, to Ucayali and adjacent Huánuco and Pasco, and eastward north of the Amazon River in Brazil, southern Venezuela and southern Guyana to northeastern Brazil, Suriname and French Guiana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733826","wettyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wettyr1","avibase-04CCE338",null,null,"Marabitanas and San Carlos, Rio Negro, Brazil; type from Marabitanas, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 314.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/183/mode/1up","Euscarthmus Zosterops"],["13299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus zosterops zosterops","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.102,173",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E40F1F43",null,null,"Marabitanas and San Carlos, Rio Negro, Brazil; type from Marabitanas, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 314.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/183/mode/1up","Euscarthmus Zosterops"],["13300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus zosterops flaviviridis","(Zimmer, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (central Amazonas and northern San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F6774DB",null,null,"Río Negro, 2,600 ft., west of Moyobamba, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Euscarthmornis zosterops flaviviridis"],["13301","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus griseipectus","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.194","White-bellied Tody-Tyrant","White-bellied Tody-Tyrant","White-bellied Tody-tyrant",null,null,"tropical rainforest, varzea forest, and woodland from far eastern Peru southward to northern Bolivia, foothills of the Andes to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz), and eastward across Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River (to east-central Pará and adjacent Tocantins), and the Atlantic Forest region of northeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte southward to Alagoas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733103","whbtot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtot1","avibase-7B0D94FA",null,null,"Alcobaca, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/212/mode/1up","Euscarthmus griseipectus"],["13302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus griseipectus griseipectus","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco and northern Puno) to northern Bolivia (Pando, La Paz, and Beni) and central Amazonian Brazil (central Amazonas eastward to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DA60F07",null,null,"Alcobaca, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/212/mode/1up","Euscarthmus griseipectus"],["13303","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus griseipectus naumburgae","(Zimmer, 1945)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte southward to Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2751E5F3",null,null,"Palmares, 600 ft., Pernambuco, Brazil.","A new subspecies of Euscarthmornis zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/77/mode/1up","Euscarthmornis zosterops naumburgae"],["13304","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus orbitatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.958","Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant","Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant","Eye-ringed Tody-tyrant",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698907","erttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/erttyr1","avibase-BB9BDDF8",null,null,"in high Brazilian forest; restricted to Rio Doce, Espírito Santo by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/980/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] orbitatus"],["13305","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus iohannis","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.193","Johannes's Tody-Tyrant","Johannes's Tody-Tyrant","Joao's Tody-tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698914","jottyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jottyr1","avibase-7B213A40",null,null,"Monte Verde, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/211/mode/1up","Euscarthmus iohannis"],["13306","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus striaticollis","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.58","Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant","Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant","Stripe-necked Tody-tyrant",null,null,"humid to semi-humid woodland and scrub, thickets and bamboo stands in the Amazon basin in eastern Colombia, locally in dry valleys in eastern Peru and in the Cerrado and Caatinga from northeastern Brazil, in northern Maranhão and adjacent Pará southwestward to northern Mato Grosso do Sul and northern Bolivia; also in southern Amazonia in Brazil, south of the Amazon River, west to eastern Amazonas and north to central Pará, and in the Atlantic Forest from Rio Grande do Norte southward to central Bahia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698918","snttyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snttyr2","avibase-54EF3ACB",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/66/mode/1up","Todirostrum striaticolle"],["13307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus striaticollis griseiceps","(Todd, 1925)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Brazil (lower Rio Tapajós in eastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A14C1E5",null,null,"Santarem, Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/119/mode/1up","Euscarthmus striaticollis griseiceps"],["13308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus striaticollis striaticollis","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and northeastern Peru to northern Bolivia, and central and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ADFA3CA",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/66/mode/1up","Todirostrum striaticolle"],["13309","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus nidipendulus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.950","Hangnest Tody-Tyrant","Hangnest Tody-Tyrant","Hangnest Tody-tyrant",null,null,"humid forest and restinga in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado regions of eastern Brazil from Sergipe and northern and interior Bahia southward to southern Paraná and adjacent Santa Catarina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698922","hattyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hattyr1","avibase-4D359426",null,null,"Rio Mucuri and interior of Bahia, Brazil; restricted to Rio Mucuri by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves do Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/972/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] nidipendulus"],["13310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus nidipendulus nidipendulus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.950",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-914905C0",null,null,"Rio Mucuri and interior of Bahia, Brazil; restricted to Rio Mucuri by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves do Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/972/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] nidipendulus"],["13311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus nidipendulus paulistus","(Hellmayr, 1914)","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais to São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AA5B684",null,null,"Ipanema, São Paulo, Brazil.","Critical notes on the types of little-known species of Neotropical Birds. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/186/mode/1up","Euscarthmus nidipendulus paulistus"],["13312","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.46","Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant","Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant","Pearly-vented Tody-tyrant",null,null,"arid to semiarid scrub, riparian thickets, scrub, and savanna in the lowlands of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela Iincluding Isla Margarita), southward in interior Colombia along the Magdalena Valley, the tepuis of southern and eastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and northernmost Brazil, Sierra de Chiribiquete in eastern Colombia, and locally in dry valleys of eastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia; also in the Cerrado and Caatinga from northeastern Brazil southwestward to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northernmost Uruguay, to northern Argentina, southward to northern Buenos Aires, San Luis, and Córdoba, and locally in southern Amazonia west to eastern Amazonas and Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698933","pvttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pvttyr1","avibase-8B67256A",null,null,"Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/162/mode/1up","Muscipeta (T[odirostrum]) margaritacei venter"],["13313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer impiger","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela including Isla Margarita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE0BB841",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/219/mode/1up","Euscarthmus impiger"],["13314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer septentrionalis","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.176-177",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (arid tropical upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98D9E16E",null,null,"Honda, Magdalena Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Euscarthmus septentrionalis"],["13315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer chiribiquetensis","Stiles, 1995","Lozania 66 p.1-16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (Sierra de Chiribiquete)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E017996D",null,null,"Valle de los Menhires, Sierra de Chiribiquete, Caquetá, Colombia.","Dos nuevas subespecies de aves de la Serrania del Chiribiquete, Departamento del Caqueta, Colombia.",null,"Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer chiribiquetensis"],["13316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer duidae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75F12B62",null,null,"Chorrera de Vegas, 4,700 ft., Cerro Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Euscarthmornis duidae"],["13317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer auyantepui","(Gilliard, 1941)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77, art.9 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (southeastern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFA61C25",null,null,"Mount Auyan-tepui, 1,100 m., southern Venezuela.","The Birds of Mt. Auyan-Tepui, Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/988","Euscarthmornis margaritaceiventer auyantepui"],["13318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer breweri","(Phelps, 1977)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 33 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Venezuela (Jaua massif)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B65B925D",null,null,"Meseta de Sarisarihama, 1,400 m., Bolívar, Venezuela,","Aves colectadas en las Mesetas de Sarisariñama y Jaua durante tres expediciones al Macizo de Jaua, Estado Bolivar. Descripciones de dos nuevas subespecies.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/aves-colectadas-en-las-mesetas-de-sarisarinama-y-jaua-durante-tres-expediciones-al-macizo-de-jaua-estado-bolivar-descripciones-de-dos-nuevas-subespecies/","Todirostrum margaritaceiventer breweri"],["13319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer rufipes","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Peru east of the Andes (Cusco) to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B4E9E6E",null,null,"Peru; restricted to La Merced, Junín, by Zimmer, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1066, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/281/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] rufipes"],["13320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer margaritaceiventer","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45053FB2",null,null,"Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/162/mode/1up","Muscipeta (T[odirostrum]) margaritacei venter"],["13321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer wuchereri","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.45,158",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Ceará, Pernambuco, and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16201EFB",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/170/mode/1up","Euscarthmus wuchereri"],["13322","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus inornatus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.102,174","Pelzeln's Tody-Tyrant","Pelzeln's Tody-Tyrant","Pelzeln's Tody-tyrant",null,null,"northwestern Brazil (locally on Rio Negro and tributaries)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698937","pettyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pettyr1","avibase-88B7BCFD",null,null,"Rio Içanna [= Içana] , right bank upper Rio Negro, northwestern Brazil ('Borba,' error on p. 174).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/184/mode/1up","Euscarthmus inornatus"],["13323","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus minimus","(Todd, 1925)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.94","Zimmer's Tody-Tyrant","Zimmer's Tody-Tyrant","Zimmer's Tody-tyrant",null,null,"local in western Amazonia (Ecuador in Pastaza; Peru in eastern Loreto); more widespread from northeastern Bolivia across central and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698893","zittyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zittyr1","avibase-93D764F6",null,null,"Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/120/mode/1up","Snethlagea minima"],["13324","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis","(Hartlaub, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.289","Black-throated Tody-Tyrant","Black-throated Tody-Tyrant","Black-throated Tody-tyrant",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of central-north Venezuela, and in the Sierra de Perijá, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Andes from far western Venezuela southward along the western and central Andes of Colombia to far northwestern Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to the eastern Andes of Peru and southeastward to northwestern Bolivia, to Cochabamba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698941","btttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btttyr1","avibase-DCD65D2A",null,null,"'Nouvelle-Grenade' [= 'Bogotá], Colombia; restricted to Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia (J. T. Z.).","Description de quatre espèces d'oiseaux de la Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/297/mode/1up","Todirostrum granadense"],["13325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis lehmanni","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1945)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 97 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-669493F2",null,null,"San Miguel, headwaters of the Río Macotama, north slope of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Notes on Colombian Flycatchers, Manakins and Cotingas.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064379","Euscarthmornis granadensis lehmanni"],["13326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis intensus","(Phelps & Phelps, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED5F40C1",null,null,"Cerro Tamuyejocha, 1,975 m, Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, western Zulia, Venezuela.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/292/mode/1up","Euscarthmornis granadensis intensus"],["13327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis federalis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1950)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of coastal northern Venezuela (Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0658835D",null,null,"No [= No] Leon, 2,000 m., Distrito Federal, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/356/mode/1up","Euscarthmornis granadensis federalis"],["13328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis andinus","(Todd, 1952)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54806EA0",null,null,"La Pica, Santander, Colombia.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/348/mode/1up","Euscarthmornis granadensis andinus"],["13329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis granadensis","(Hartlaub, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northeastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2C6718C",null,null,"'Nouvelle-Grenade' [= 'Bogotá], Colombia; restricted to Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia (J. T. Z.).","Description de quatre espèces d'oiseaux de la Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/297/mode/1up","Todirostrum granadense"],["13330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis pyrrhops","(Cabanis, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador and Peru (south to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43CEF93D",null,null,"central Peru; specimens from Maraynioc and Tambopata, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 318; restricted to Maraynioc, Junín (J. T. Z.).","[Über mannichfache interessante Vögel der peruanischen Ornis, die von Herrn C. Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/110/mode/1up","Euscarthmus pyrrhops"],["13331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus granadensis caesius","(Carriker, 1932)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) and adjacent northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37FB1E1B",null,null,"Santo Domingo (Inca Mine), 6,000 [ft.] , Puno, southeastern Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064115","Euscarthmornis granadensis caesius"],["13332","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus","Fitzpatrick & O'Neill, 1979","The Auk 96, no.3 p.443,444","Cinnamon-breasted Tody-Tyrant","Cinnamon-breasted Tody-Tyrant","Cinnamon-breasted Tody-tyrant",null,null,"southern Ecuador (Cordillera del Cóndor) to northern Peru (San Martín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698949","cbttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbttyr1","avibase-16CC6A73",null,null,"Cordillera del Cóndor, encima de San José de Lourdes, 5°02'S, 78°51'W, Cajamarca, Perú.","A new tody-tyrant from northern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol96/iss3/1/","Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus"],["13333","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus mirandae","(Snethlage, 1925)","Journal für Ornithologie 73, no.2 p.266","Buff-breasted Tody-Tyrant","Buff-breasted Tody-Tyrant","Buff-breasted Tody-tyrant",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Brazil (Ceará, Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698953","bbttyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbttyr2","avibase-2B663C9F",null,null,"São Paulo, Serra da Ibiapaba, northern Ceará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Brasilen.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01906331","Todirostrum mirandae"],["13334","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus kaempferi","(Zimmer, 1953)","American Museum Novitates no.1605 p.8","Kaempfer's Tody-Tyrant","Kaempfer's Tody-Tyrant","Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (eastern Santa Catarina)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698957","kattyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kattyr1","avibase-4F4E9022",null,null,"Salto Pirahy [= Pirai] , (Joinville [= Joinvile]), 450 ft., Santa Catarina, Brazil.","Notes on tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4929/","Idioptilon mirandae kaempferi"],["13335","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus rufigularis","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.67","Buff-throated Tody-Tyrant","Buff-throated Tody-Tyrant","Buff-throated Tody-tyrant",null,null,"foothills on east slope of Andes in Ecuador, Peru, and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698945","btttyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btttyr2","avibase-447039A9",null,null,"Monterico, Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/79/mode/1up","Euscarthmus rufigularis"],["13336","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hemitriccus furcatus","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.362","Fork-tailed Tody-Tyrant","Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant","Fork-tailed Tody-tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, southern Minas Gerais, and northeastern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22698964","fotpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fotpyt1","avibase-6D4EB6D9",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 237.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Todirostre de Lesson (Traité d'ornit.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/376/mode/1up","T[odirostrum] furcatum"],["13337","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis","Bertoni, 1901","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.129",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Euscarthmus minutus [W. Bertoni, 1901]; type by monotypy = Platyrhynchos auricularis Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/137/mode/1up","Myiornis"],["13338","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis auricularis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.16","Eared Pygmy Tyrant","Eared Pygmy-Tyrant","Eared Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"humid forest in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado regions of eastern Brazil from Pernambuco southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, eastward southern Goiás and southern Mato Grosso do Sul, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699539","eaptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaptyr1","avibase-20DB761B",null,null,"Brazil; type from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 336.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/24/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos auricularis"],["13339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis auricularis cinereicollis","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.955",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C379C9C8",null,null,"no locality; southern Bahia designated by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 242.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/977/mode/1up","Euscarthmus cinereicollis"],["13340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis auricularis auricularis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Paraguay to northeastern Argentina and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E288276",null,null,"Brazil; type from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 336.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/24/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos auricularis"],["13341","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis albiventris","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.389","White-bellied Pygmy Tyrant","White-bellied Pygmy-Tyrant","White-bellied Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Huánuco) to western Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699534","wbptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbptyr1","avibase-D90821DF",null,null,"La Merced, 2,600 ft., Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/421/mode/1up","Orchilus albiventris"],["13342","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis atricapillus","(Lawrence, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.385","Black-capped Pygmy Tyrant","Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant","Black-capped Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"humid lowlands of Costa Rica to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699544","bcptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcptyr1","avibase-F238A131",null,null,"Angostura and 'Volcán de Irazú' [= Talamanca, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 339] , Costa Rica.","Descriptions of five new Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/425/mode/1up","Orchilus atricapillus"],["13343","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis ecaudatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.47","Short-tailed Pygmy Tyrant","Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant","Short-tailed Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas, also in Trinidad, the foothills of the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, and the foothills of the Andes in western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, southward across most Amazonia to north-central Bolivia and southern Mato Grosso, and in Brazil eastward to western Tocantins and western Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699549","stptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stptyr1","avibase-B452B696",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/163/mode/1up","Muscipeta (T[odirostrum]) ecaudatum"],["13344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis ecaudatus miserabilis","(Chubb, 1919)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.4, no.22 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (eastward from upper Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66FD331E",null,null,"Bonasika River, British Guiana.","XXX. New Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53371#page/333/mode/1up","Perissotriccus ecaudatus miserabilis"],["13345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiornis ecaudatus ecaudatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastward to Pará) to eastern Ecuador, Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-257EB4B8",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/163/mode/1up","Muscipeta (T[odirostrum]) ecaudatum"],["13346","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Atalotriccus","Ridgway, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Colopterus pilaris [Cabanis, 1847]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/228/mode/1up","Atalotriccus"],["13347","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Atalotriccus pilaris","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.253 pl.5 fig.4","Pale-eyed Pygmy Tyrant","Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant","Pale-eyed Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"tropical dry to semi-humid forest, scrub, thickets and woodland in the Pacific lowlands of western to central Panama, and in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela; in interior Colombia southward to the upper basin of the Río Magdalena; east of the Andes in northern to central Venezuela southwestward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, southward to southern Meta, and in the Serrania de Chiribiquete; also locally in the Guiana Shield in southern Guyana and far northern Brazil, in Roraima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699574","peptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peptyr1","avibase-CD3601B0",null,null,"environs of Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/261/mode/1up","C[olopterus] pilaris"],["13348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Atalotriccus pilaris wilcoxi","Griscom, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.141 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical Pacific coast of Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53EBA6D9",null,null,"La Colorada, Santiago, Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of new birds from Panama and Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4374/","Atalotriccus pilaris wilcoxi"],["13349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Atalotriccus pilaris pilaris","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.253 pl.5 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela (Zulia and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A791935",null,null,"environs of Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/261/mode/1up","C[olopterus] pilaris"],["13350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Atalotriccus pilaris venezuelensis","Ridgway, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela southward to northern Amazonas and northern Bolívar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49A084FD",null,null,"San Antonio, Bermúdez [= Monagas], Venezuela.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/151/mode/1up","Atalotriccus pilaris venezuelensis"],["13351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Atalotriccus pilaris griseiceps","(Hellmayr, 1911)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 2 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFC956B2",null,null,"Altagracia, Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Description de quelques formes nouvelles d'oiseaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/45/mode/1up","Colopteryx pilaris griseiceps"],["13352","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus","Berlepsch, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Todirostrum squamaecrista [Lafresnaye, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1884, Zool. Record for 1883, Aves, p. 34).  ",null,"Birds collected in Western Ecuador","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/685/mode/1up","Lophotriccus"],["13353","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus pileatus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.273","Scale-crested Pygmy Tyrant","Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant","Scale-crested Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"semi-deciduous to humid forest and bamboo stands in foothills of montane regions from eastern Honduras southeastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; in the Sierra de Perijá and the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (from Falcón eastward to Miranda), and in the Andes from western Panama southward to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes southward to southeastern Peru, in Puno; in western Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru and southwestern Colombia down to lowlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699554","scptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scptyr1","avibase-ACC831CF",null,null,"Peru; restricted to valley of Vitoc by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 330.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/281/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] pileatus"],["13354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus pileatus luteiventris","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica to eastern Panama (Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28118403",null,null,"Chiriquí, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/241/mode/1up","[Lophotriccus squamaecristatus] subsp. luteiventris"],["13355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus pileatus santaeluciae","Todd, 1952","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border) and northeastern and northern Venezuela (from western Zulia eastward to northwestern Anzoátegui and southward to Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37A680E5",null,null,"Santa Lucia, Miranda, Venezuela.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/349/mode/1up","Lophotriccus pileatus santaeluciae"],["13356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus pileatus squamaecrista","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, southward through the foothills and lowlands of western Ecuador to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50FDB67F",null,null,"'Bogotá.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Todirostre de Lesson (Traité d'ornit.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/377/mode/1up","F[= T][odirostrum] squamaecrista"],["13357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus pileatus pileatus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Ecuador and Peru (southward to northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-289D60ED",null,null,"Peru; restricted to valley of Vitoc by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 330.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/281/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] pileatus"],["13358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus pileatus hypochlorus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5DE8105",null,null,"Idma, above Santa Ana, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/105/mode/1up","Lophotriccus squamaecristatus hypochlorus"],["13359","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus vitiosus","(Bangs & Penard, 1921)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 64, no.4 p.373","Double-banded Pygmy Tyrant","Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant","Double-banded Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from far southern Venezuela and southeastern Colombia southward to central-eastern Peru, to Ucayali and adjacent Junín, and western Brazil in southwestern Amazonas and Acre; also in eastern Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana southward to northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River, in Amapá, northern Pará and eastern Amazonas, east of the Rio Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699559","dbptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dbptyr1","avibase-85F4E491",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, by Zimmer, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1066, p. 19.","Notes on some American Birds, chiefly neotropical.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28057#page/413/mode/1up","Cometornis vitiosus"],["13360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus vitiosus affinis","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9923CC0",null,null,"Río Suno, above Avila, Napo, eastern Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Lophotriccus vitiosus affinis"],["13361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus vitiosus guianensis","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (north of the Amazon River, from lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá and Pará); Mato Grosso?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EC99542",null,null,"Ipousin, Approuague River, French Guiana.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Lophotriccus vitiosus guianensis"],["13362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus vitiosus vitiosus","(Bangs & Penard, 1921)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 64, no.4 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (eastern San Martín, southern Loreto, and Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB6DE802",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, by Zimmer, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1066, p. 19.","Notes on some American Birds, chiefly neotropical.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28057#page/413/mode/1up","Cometornis vitiosus"],["13363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus vitiosus congener","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil (Rio Juruá in southwestern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25270DB8",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/118/mode/1up","Lophotriccus congener"],["13364","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus eulophotes","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.93","Long-crested Pygmy Tyrant","Long-crested Pygmy-Tyrant","Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"far southwestern Amazonian Brazil, adjacent southeastern Peru, and far northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699564","lcptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lcptyr1","avibase-5B7A0B33",null,null,"Hyutanahan [= Hiutanaa] , Rio Purus, Amazonas, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/119/mode/1up","Lophotriccus eulophotes"],["13365","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lophotriccus galeatus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.24","Helmeted Pygmy Tyrant","Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant","Helmeted Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699569","heptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heptyr1","avibase-AD336ABC",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/46/mode/1up","Motacilla Galeata"],["13366","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Oncostoma","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.208",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Todirostrum cinereigulare [Sclater, PL, 1857]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Oncostoma"],["13367","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Oncostoma cinereigulare","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.295","Northern Bentbill","Northern Bentbill","Northern Bentbill",null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico (Veracruz) to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699584","norben1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norben1","avibase-81FE137C",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/355/mode/1up","Todirostrum cinereigulare"],["13368","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Oncostoma olivaceum","(Lawrence, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.12","Southern Bentbill","Southern Bentbill","Southern Bentbill",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and northern Colombia (eastward to Santa Marta region)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699587","souben1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souben1","avibase-709BBA1D",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama; type from Lion Hill, Canal Zone, fide Salvin and Godman, 1888, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 2, p. 15.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/36/mode/1up","Todirostrum olivaceum"],["13369","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hirundinea","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tyrannus bellicosus [Vieillot, 1819]; type by monotypy",null,"Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/162/mode/1up","Hirundinea"],["13370","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hirundinea ferruginea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.446","Cliff Flycatcher","Cliff Flycatcher",null,"2025-0444","Taxon <em>bellicosa </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Hirundinea ferruginea</em>, as comprehensive analyses of vocalizations, plumage, and genetics are lacking. Vocal differences between <em>bellicosa </em>and <em>ferruginea </em>seem diagnostic, but vocal structure is conserved. Plumages are variable but a comprehensive spatial analysis across all forms has not been conducted, and genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) revealed modest divergence between these taxa, but was based on limited geographic sampling. Evidence supporting species status for <em>bellicosa </em>is quite strong but integrative studies are required.","rocky outcrops, cliffs, canyons, landslides, and banks near humid montane and lowland forest in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the central and eastern Andes of Colombia and eastern Andes of Ecuador to northwestern Argentina, including the sierras of Córdoba and San Luis; in the Guiana Shield of southern Venezuela, the Guianas, easternmost Colombia and northern Brazil; and widespread in eastern and interior Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará southward), to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay; also locally in southern Amazon of Brazil and in eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,"clifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clifly1","avibase-13DAA65D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/458/mode/1up","[Todus] ferrugineus"],["13371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hirundinea ferruginea ferruginea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northwestern Brazil (northwestern Amazonas and Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92D94E43",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/458/mode/1up","[Todus] ferrugineus"],["13372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hirundinea ferruginea sclateri","Reinhardt, 1870","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela and eastern Peru (south to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F48C5F05",null,null,"Peru and 'Bogotá'; restricted to Utcuyacu, Junín, Peru (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110082#page/648/mode/1up","H[irundinea] Sclateri"],["13373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78EC024A",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/82/mode/1up","Tyrannus bellicosus"],["13374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hirundinea ferruginea pallidior","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C9D658A",null,null,"Salta, Cachi, Argentina.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/467/mode/1up","Hirundinea bellicosa pallidior"],["13375","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannula vieillotioides [Lafresnaye, 1848]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 198).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/74/mode/1up","Pyrrhomyias"],["13376","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.49","Cinnamon Flycatcher","Cinnamon Flycatcher","Cinnamon Flycatcher",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, from Yaracuy eastward to the Paría Peninsula, and in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southeastward to northwestern Argentina, southward to Tucuman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699730","cinfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinfly2","avibase-370FEC50",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/165/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] cinnamomea"],["13377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus assimilis","(Allen, 1900)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13, art.14 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CB376E5",null,null,"Valparaiso, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","List of Birds collected in the District of Santa Marta, Colombia, by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/719","Myiobius assimilis"],["13378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus pyrrhopterus","(Hartlaub, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE385C2F",null,null,"'Nouvelle Grenade' [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia], fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 245.","Description de quatre espèces d'oiseaux de la Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/297/mode/1up","Myiobius pyrrhopterus"],["13379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus vieillotioides","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northwestern Venezuela (Lara to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91F90D86",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Sur le genre Psittacula et sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie et du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/184/mode/1up","Muscicapa (Tyrannula) Vieillotioides"],["13380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus spadix","Wetmore, 1939","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 98, no.4 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui to western Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EA3055B",null,null,"Los Palmales, 450 m., Monagas, Venezuela.","Five new races of Birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35649#page/151/mode/1up","Pyrrhomyias vieillotioides spadix"],["13381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Cerro Azul and Cerro Humo on Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C87A1E66",null,null,"Cerro Azul, Cristobal Colón, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/55/mode/1up","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea pariae"],["13382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Peru (San Martín) to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B05CF69E",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/165/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] cinnamomea"],["13383","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotriccus","Ridgway, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannula phoenicura [Sclater, PL, 1855]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/227/mode/1up","Myiotriccus"],["13384","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotriccus ornatus","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.57","Ornate Flycatcher","Ornate Flycatcher",null,"2025-0445","Taxon <em>phoenicurus </em>(polytypic, including <em>aureiventris</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Myiotriccus ornatus </em>based on available evidence. Plumage differences are not considered diagnostic and vocal differences are minor. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate moderate divergence, but only a single individual was sampled from each group; further genetic studies may be revealing.","humid montane and foothill forest in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to southern Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes southeastward to southeastern Peru; in western Ecuador also in isolated coastal ridges",null,null,null,"ornfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ornfly1","avibase-8897A0C5",null,null,"'Colombia vel in Río Negro?'; restricted to Bogotá by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 241.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/65/mode/1up","Tyrannula ornata"],["13385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotriccus ornatus ornatus","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A295D5B",null,null,"'Colombia vel in Río Negro?'; restricted to Bogotá by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 241.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/65/mode/1up","Tyrannula ornata"],["13386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotriccus ornatus stellatus","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.122 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7C5D611",null,null,"Ecuador; type is a Eraser specimen from Pallatanga, Chimborazo, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 242.","[Über 2 neue Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/170/mode/1up","Myiobius stellatus"],["13387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotriccus ornatus phoenicurus","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.113 pl.66 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FB3DEF7",null,null,"province of Quixos [= Quijos] , Napo, Ecuador.","List of a Collection of Birds received by Mr. Gould, from the province of Quijos in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/413/mode/1up","Tyrannula phoenicura"],["13388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotriccus ornatus aureiventris","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.782",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Huánuco to Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE77B080",null,null,"Cosñipata, Cuzco, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/948/mode/1up","Myiobius aureiventris"],["13389","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nephelomyias","Ohlson, Fjeldså & Ericson, 2009","Zootaxa 2290.1 (2009) 36-40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mitrephorus ochraceiventris [Cabanis, 1873]; type by original designation",null,"A new genus for three species of tyrant flycatchers (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), formerly placed in Myiophobus.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287848283","Nephelomyias"],["13390","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nephelomyias pulcher","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.464","Handsome Flycatcher","Handsome Flycatcher","Handsome Flycatcher",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to northwestern and northeastern Ecuador, and more locally in the eastern Andes in far northern and in southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699680","hanfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hanfly1","avibase-BF1FED0E",null,null,"Ecuador; from vicinity of Quito, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 248.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/578/mode/1up","Myiobius pulcher"],["13391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nephelomyias pulcher bellus","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of Colombia and northeastern Ecuador, also (local?) in southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A322E2E",null,null,"Bogotá.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/141/mode/1up","Myiobius bellus"],["13392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nephelomyias pulcher oblitus","(Bond, 1943)","Notulae Naturae no.127 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and northern Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D6A19D7",null,null,"Oconeque, Puno, Peru; redescribed 1946, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado, 10, p. 133.","A new Flycatcher of the genus Myiophobus from Peru.",null,"Myiophobus pulcher oblitus"],["13393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nephelomyias pulcher pulcher","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (south to Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-250176E6",null,null,"Ecuador; from vicinity of Quito, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 248.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/578/mode/1up","Myiobius pulcher"],["13394","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nephelomyias ochraceiventris","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.320","Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher","Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher","Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Peru (Amazonas) to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699696","ocbfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbfly2","avibase-8F6BF05C",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/332/mode/1up","Mitrephorus ochraceiventris"],["13395","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nephelomyias lintoni","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1951)","Notulae Naturae no.234 p.8","Orange-banded Flycatcher","Orange-banded Flycatcher","Orange-banded Flycatcher",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Ecuador to far northern Peru (Piura)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699688","orbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbfly1","avibase-0A2158CA",null,null,"Cerro Imbana, 2,600-2,800 m., [?] Loja, west [= east] slope of Andes, Ecuador.","Notes on Ecuadorian birds.",null,"Myiophobus lintoni"],["13396","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius","Traylor, 1977","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 148, no.4 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannulus chrysops [Sclater, PL, 1859]; type by original designation",null,"A Classification of the Tyrant Flycatchers ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25433#page/171/mode/1up","Zimmerius"],["13397","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius cinereicapilla","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.67","Red-billed Tyrannulet","Red-billed Tyrannulet","Red-billed Tyrannulet",null,null,"foothills of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (southward to Madre de Dios)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699135","rebtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebtyr2","avibase-D8331B8A",null,null,"Monterico, Ayacucho, Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/79/mode/1up","Phyllomyias cinereicapilla"],["13398","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius villarejoi","Álvarez Alonso & Whitney, 2001","Wilson Bulletin 113 p.1,front.","Mishana Tyrannulet","Mishana Tyrannulet","Mishana Tyrannulet",null,null,"two disjunct regions in northern Peru: in the Río Mayo Valley and along the adjacent Río Huallaga (San Martín); and in the Río Nanay drainage (Loreto)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729454","mistyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mistyr1","avibase-DD9EE7F5",null,null,"Zona Reservada Allpahuayo-Mishana, 038 559 S, 738 299 W, south bank of Río Nanay, approximately 25 km wsw Iquitos, Department of Loreto, Peru; 150 m elevation","A New Zimmerius Tyrannulet (Aves: Tyrannidae) from White Sand Forests of Northern Amazonian Peru","https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0001:ANZTAT]2.0.CO;2","Zimmerius villarejoi"],["13399","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius chicomendesi","Whitney, Schunck, Rêgo & Silveira, 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.286-291","Chico's Tyrannulet","Chico's Tyrannulet","Chico's Tyrannulet",null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (between the Rio Madeira and Rio Aripuanã)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680766","chityr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chityr1","avibase-29A192BA",null,null,"Brazil: Amazonas; Municipality of Humaitá on the BR-230 (\"Transamazônica\") highway (07°47'22\"S/62°23'32\"W), at about 70 m elevation","A new species of Zimmerius tyrannulet from the upper Madeira-Tapajós interfluvium in central Amazonian Brazil: Birds don't always occur where they \"should\"","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/286-291_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Zimmerius chicomendesi"],["13400","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius petersi","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.359","Venezuelan Tyrannulet","Venezuelan Tyrannulet","Venezuelan Tyrannulet",null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (southern Lara eastward to Miranda)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104009008","paltyr5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paltyr5","avibase-129543B5",null,null,"Antimano, near Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/387/mode/1up","Tyranniscus petersi"],["13401","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius improbus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.841 pl.53 fig.3","Spectacled Tyrannulet","Spectacled Tyrannulet","Mountain Tyrannulet",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perija, and the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104008963","paltyr4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paltyr4","avibase-51736656",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela and Sierra de Ocaha, Colombia; specimen from Mérida specified as type by Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 133.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/973/mode/1up","Tyranniscus improbus"],["13402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius improbus tamae","(Phelps & Phelps, 1954)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela, in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the Sierra de Perijá, and the Tamá massif; the population in the Santa Martas and the Perijá may be an undescribed subspecies, distinct from \"true\" tamae of the Tamá region in Norte de Santander, Colombia and immediately adjacent Táchira, Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9437706A",null,null,"Páramo de Tama, 2,400 m., Táchira, Venezuela.","Notes on Venezuelan birds and descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796#page/132/mode/1up","Tyranniscus vilissimus tamae"],["13403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius improbus improbus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.841 pl.53 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (eastern Táchira to Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B4F8CED",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela and Sierra de Ocaha, Colombia; specimen from Mérida specified as type by Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 133.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/973/mode/1up","Tyranniscus improbus"],["13404","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius bolivianus","(d'Orbigny, 1840)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 48, Oiseaux p.328","Bolivian Tyrannulet","Bolivian Tyrannulet","Bolivian Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Huánuco to Puno) to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699132","boltyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boltyr1","avibase-1D5F3853",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/344/mode/1up","Muscicapara boliviana"],["13405","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius acer","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.206","Guianan Tyrannulet","Guianan Tyrannulet","Guianan Tyrannulet",null,null,"eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Branco and Rio Negro; populations south of the Amazon River (west to the lower Rio Madeira, eastward to Ceará and Alagoas) included here, but may represent an undescribed taxon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735531","guityr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guityr1","avibase-4017FD53",null,null,"Bartica Grove and Camucusa, British Guiana; specimen from Bartica Grove claimed as type by Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 134.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/254/mode/1up","Tyranniscus acer"],["13406","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius gracilipes","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.981","Slender-footed Tyrannulet","Slender-footed Tyrannulet","Slender-footed Tyrannulet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from central and southern Venezuela southward to northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern to central Bolivia, and eastward in Brazil to eastern Amazonas west of the Rio Negro, and to central Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735526","slftyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slftyr1","avibase-5CDCBAA4",null,null,"Pebas, Peru.","List of Birds collected at Pebas, Upper Amazons, by Mr. John Hauxwell, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/415/mode/1up","Tyranniscus gracilipes"],["13407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius gracilipes gracilipes","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.981",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela and eastern Colombia to northwestern Brazil (Amazonas and Roraima) and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBDABDBE",null,null,"Pebas, Peru.","List of Birds collected at Pebas, Upper Amazons, by Mr. John Hauxwell, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/415/mode/1up","Tyranniscus gracilipes"],["13408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius gracilipes gilvus","(Zimmer, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1109 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru and western Brazil (Amazonas southward to Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso, eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Tapajós) to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-145E0294",null,null,"La Pampa, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 37, The genera Sublegatus, Phaeomyias[,] Camptostoma, Xanthomyias, Phyllomyias, and Tyranniscus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4794/","Tyranniscus gracilipes gilvus"],["13409","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius vilissimus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.2 p.122 pl.4 fig.1","Guatemalan Tyrannulet","Guatemalan Tyrannulet","Paltry Tyrannulet",null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala and western El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680824","paltyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paltyr2","avibase-236A79C7",null,null,"Central America; two specimens from Coban, Guatemala, claimed as 'type' by Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 132.","On the Ornithology of Central America. Part II. [Continued from p. 22.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/150/mode/1up","Elainia vilissima"],["13410","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius parvus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.12","Mistletoe Tyrannulet","Mistletoe Tyrannulet","Mistletoe Tyrannulet",null,null,"lowlands from eastern Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras southward to Panama and far northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103680835","paltyr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paltyr3","avibase-15047280",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama; the two cotypes are presumably from Lion Hill, Canal Zone.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/36/mode/1up","Tyranniscus parvus"],["13411","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius albigularis","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.1","Choco Tyrannulet","Choco Tyrannulet","Choco Tyrannulet",null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador (southward to southwestern Guayas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735786","chotyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chotyr1","avibase-23DF2A07",null,null,"Esmeraldas, northwest Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Tyranniscus chrysops albigularis"],["13412","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius viridiflavus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.274","Peruvian Tyrannulet","Peruvian Tyrannulet","Peruvian Tyrannulet","2025-0448","Taxon <em>flavidifrons </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Zimmerius viridiflavus</em> following Rheindt et al. (2008a, 2013, 2014).","montane cloudforest and humid scrub in the Andes of southern Ecuador (from Chimborazo), southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru, south and east of the Río Marañón, to south-central Peru (Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699156","pertyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pertyr1","avibase-86199C9A",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Tulumayo, Junín (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/282/mode/1up","E[laenia] viridiflava"],["13413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius viridiflavus flavidifrons","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (southeastern Guayas to western Loja and El Oro) to far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-031288E3",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/103/mode/1up","Tyrannulus flavidifrons"],["13414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius viridiflavus viridiflavus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Huánuco to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C205A25D",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Tulumayo, Junín (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/282/mode/1up","E[laenia] viridiflava"],["13415","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius chrysops","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.375 p.458","Golden-faced Tyrannulet","Golden-faced Tyrannulet","Golden-faced Tyrannulet","2025-0449","Taxon <em>minimus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Zimmerius chrysops</em> (polytypic, including <em>cumanensis</em>) following Rheindt et al. (2013). Formal vocal analysis and more extensive genetic sampling are needed to better define species limits in this group.","humid lowland to montane forest in the coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Falcón, and Anzoátegui eastward to the Paría Peninsula), the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward in all Andes of Colombia to far northwestern and eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru (Amazonas and San Martín), in eastern Ecuador reaching the Amazon lowlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735791","goftyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goftyr1","avibase-102A6B97",null,null,"Gualaquiza and Zamora, Ecuador; restricted to Zamora, Zamora-Chinchipe (J. T. Z.).","List of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser, at Cuenca, Gualaquiza and Zamora, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/554/mode/1up","Tyrannulus chrysops"],["13416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius chrysops chrysops","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.375 p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá and Andes of northwestern Venezuela, Colombia (except Nariño), eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru (southward to San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E112B8B",null,null,"Gualaquiza and Zamora, Ecuador; restricted to Zamora, Zamora-Chinchipe (J. T. Z.).","List of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser, at Cuenca, Gualaquiza and Zamora, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/554/mode/1up","Tyrannulus chrysops"],["13417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius chrysops minimus","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA5FCBE5",null,null,"Minca, 2,000 ft.. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Tyranniscus chrysops minimus"],["13418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Zimmerius chrysops cumanensis","(Zimmer, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1109 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Sucre, and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64E26F30",null,null,"Los Dos Ríos, Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 37, The genera Sublegatus, Phaeomyias[,] Camptostoma, Xanthomyias, Phyllomyias, and Tyranniscus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4794/","Tyranniscus chrysops cumanensis"],["13419","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura","Sclater & Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Culicivora budytoides [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/246/mode/1up","Stigmatura"],["13420","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura napensis","Chapman, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.3","Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant","Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant","Lesser Wagtail-tyrant","2025-0443","Taxon <em>bahiae </em>is split from <em>Stigmatura napensis</em> based on genetics. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) did not recover <em>S. napensis </em>as monophyletic, instead aligning <em>bahiae </em>with <em>S. budytoides</em>. Vocalizations also differ between <em>napensis </em>and <em>bahiae, </em>although no quantitative comparisons have been made to other taxa in this complex. Further revisions are necessary, as <em>S. budytoides </em>(polytypic) and <em>S. bahiae </em>(monotypic) were not recovered as reciprocally monophyletic (Harvey et al. 2020).","along larger rivers of western and central Amazonia from eastern Ecuador (Napo River) and eastern Peru (Río Napo, Río Ucayali, and Amazon River) eastward to central Brazil (to the lower Río Tapajós); also a population (possibly an undescribed taxon) in Río Orinoco drainages in far eastern Colombia (Vichada) and southwestern Venezuela (western Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681041","lewtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lewtyr1","avibase-7D568545",null,null,"junction of Curaray and Napo rivers, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Stigmatura budytoides napensis"],["13421","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura bahiae","Chapman, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.4","Bahia Wagtail-Tyrant","Bahia Wagtail-Tyrant","Bahia Wagtail-tyrant","2025-0443","Taxon <em>bahiae </em>is split from <em>Stigmatura napensis</em> based on genetics. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) did not recover <em>S. napensis </em>as monophyletic, instead aligning <em>bahiae </em>with <em>S. budytoides</em>. Vocalizations also differ between <em>napensis </em>and <em>bahiae, </em>although no quantitative comparisons have been made to other taxa in this complex. Further revisions are necessary, as <em>S. budytoides </em>(polytypic) and <em>S. bahiae </em>(monotypic) were not recovered as reciprocally monophyletic (Harvey et al. 2020).","northeastern Brazil (Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte southward to southern Bahia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731687","leswat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leswat2","avibase-99C6BEEA",null,null,"Joazeiro [Juazeiro] , northern Bahia, Brazil.","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Stigmatura budytoides bahiae"],["13422","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura budytoides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.56","Greater Wagtail-Tyrant","Greater Wagtail-Tyrant","Greater Wagtail-tyrant",null,null,"arid scrub and woodland, Chaco woodland, monte desert, and gallery forest in Caatinga of northeastern Brazil (southern Ceará and Piauí southward to northern Minas Gerais), central and southeastern Bolivia, and western Paraguay southward to central Argentina (Río Negro and eastern Chubut)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699365","grwtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grwtyr1","avibase-DF576ACA",null,null,"Valle Grande, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/172/mode/1up","C[ulicivora] budytoides"],["13423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura budytoides budytoides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia (Cochabamba southward to Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9592D565",null,null,"Valle Grande, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/172/mode/1up","C[ulicivora] budytoides"],["13424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura budytoides inzonata","Wetmore & Peters, 1923","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 36 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7C33E6F",null,null,"Tapia, Tucumán, Argentina.","New genera and subspecies based on Argentine Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107376#page/163/mode/1up","Stigmatura budytoides inzonata"],["13425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura budytoides flavocinerea","(Burmeister, 1861)","Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die physische Beschaffenheit und den Culturzustand der Argentinischen Republik. Ausgeführt in 1857, 1858, 1859 und 1860 2 p.455",null,null,null,null,null,"central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34929B3A",null,null,"valleys of Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina.",null,null,"Phylloscartes flavo-cinereus"],["13426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Stigmatura budytoides gracilis","Zimmer, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1749 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco and northern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-334523BE",null,null,"Joazeiro [= Juazeiro] , 1,000 ft., Bahia, Brazil.","Further notes on tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5403/","Stigmatura budytoides gracilis"],["13427","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Euscarthmus","Wied-Neuwied, 1831","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.945",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Euscarthmus meloryphus [zu Wied, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 32).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/967/mode/1up","Euscarthmus"],["13428","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Euscarthmus rufomarginatus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.103,174","Rufous-sided Scrub Tyrant","Rufous-sided Scrub-Tyrant","Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"southern Suriname and eastern Brazil to northeastern Bolivia and northeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699453","rsptyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rsptyr1","avibase-D00D36EB",null,null,"Calgao de Couro and Rio das Pedras, northern São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/184/mode/1up","Hapalocercus rufomarginatus"],["13429","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Euscarthmus fulviceps","Sclater, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.497,textfig.","Fulvous-faced Scrub Tyrant","Fulvous-faced Scrub-Tyrant","Tawny-fronted Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"tropical southwestern Ecuador and western Peru (southward to La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681074","tacpyt2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacpyt2","avibase-DBE488CE",null,null,"Lima, Peru and Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador; type from Babahoyo, fide Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 94.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits ; by Professor W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part IV.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/603/mode/1up","Euscarthmus fulviceps"],["13430","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Euscarthmus meloryphus","Wied-Neuwied, 1831","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.947","Fulvous-crowned Scrub Tyrant","Fulvous-crowned Scrub-Tyrant","Tawny-crowned Pygmy-tyrant",null,null,"arid lowland and montane scrub, and shrubby and riparian thickets in the lowlands of northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela, southward in central Colombia in the Magdalena Valley, and disjunctly in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions of northeastern Brazil (far eastern Pará eastward to Rio Grande do Sul) southward to northern Argentina (to northern San Luis and Buenos Aires) and westward in southern Brazil (to Rondônia), and eastern and northern Bolivia; central Argentine populations winter to northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681055","tacpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacpyt1","avibase-879DAFFF",null,null,"no locality, presumably Brazil; restricted to Bahia, Brazil by Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1749, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/969/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] meloryphus"],["13431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Euscarthmus meloryphus paulus","(Bangs, 1899)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia in the Magdalena Valley, northeastern Colombia (Santa Marta region), and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EC58C54",null,null,"Chirua, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/126/mode/1up","Hapalocercus paulus"],["13432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Euscarthmus meloryphus meloryphus","Wied-Neuwied, 1831","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.947",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil to northern Uruguay, eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and central Argentina; central Argentine populations winter to northward, rarely to far eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59421818",null,null,"no locality, presumably Brazil; restricted to Bahia, Brazil by Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1749, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/969/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] meloryphus"],["13433","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia","Cherrie, 1909","Science Bulletin, The Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Capsiempis caudata [Salvin, 1897]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Inezia"],["13434","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia inornata","(Salvadori, 1897)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 12, no.292 p.13-14","Plain Inezia","Plain Tyrannulet","Plain Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Peru to northwestern Argentina, Paraguay, and southwestern and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699350","platyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/platyr1","avibase-E938D049",null,null,"San Francisco, Bolivian Chaco [= Dept. Tarija].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43370#page/155/mode/1up","Serphophaga inornata"],["13435","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia tenuirostris","(Cory, 1913)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.289","Slender-billed Inezia","Slender-billed Tyrannulet","Slender-billed Tyrannulet",null,null,"arid northeastern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Zulia, Falcón, and northern Lara)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699346","slbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbtyr1","avibase-27411295",null,null,"Río Aurare, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/15/mode/1up","Camptostoma pusillum tenuirostris"],["13436","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia subflava","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.47,158","Amazonian Inezia","Amazonian Tyrannulet","Amazonian Tyrannulet",null,null,"riparian shrubs and thickets,and dense swamp-forest along large Amazonian rivers in southern Venezuela, northeastern Colombia, Amazonian Brazil eastward to Tocantins and western Goiás, and southward to Rondônia and adjacent northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733832","amatyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amatyr1","avibase-DA9DCEC1",null,null,"in vicinity of Pará [= Belém, Pará, Brazil] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/170/mode/1up","Serphophaga subflava"],["13437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia subflava obscura","Zimmer, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F379365D",null,null,"Esmeraldas, 325 ft., Cerro Duida, Venezuela.","A new subspecies of Inezia subflava from the neighbourhood of Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/190/mode/1up","Inezia subflava obscura"],["13438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia subflava subflava","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.47,158",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Negro and lower Rio Madeira eastward to Pará) and northeastern Bolivia (northeastern Beni and northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB5D5DCC",null,null,"in vicinity of Pará [= Belém, Pará, Brazil] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/170/mode/1up","Serphophaga subflava"],["13439","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia caudata","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.16","Pale-tipped Inezia","Pale-tipped Tyrannulet","Pale-tipped Tyrannulet",null,null,"deciduous to semi-deciduous forest and woodland, gallery forest, wooded savanna, and mangroves in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, east of the Andes in northern Venezuela southward in the llanos to northeastern Colombia, and eastward along the coast of Guyana to French Guiana, and southward in Guyana to far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733120","pattyr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pattyr3","avibase-DE77BA6A",null,null,"Ourumee, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/454/mode/1up","Capsiempis caudata"],["13440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia caudata intermedia","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3C920BD",null,null,"Río Aurare, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/15/mode/1up","Inezia caudata intermedia"],["13441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Inezia caudata caudata","(Salvin, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24AFB12C",null,null,"Ourumee, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/454/mode/1up","Capsiempis caudata"],["13442","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus","Berlepsch & Hellmayr, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.26.",null,null,null,"2025-1198","<em>Acrochordopus </em>(polytypic, including <em>burmeisteri </em>and <em>zeledoni</em>) and <em>Tyranniscus </em>(polytypic, including <em>nigrocapillus</em>, <em>cinereiceps </em>and <em>uropygialis</em>) are recognized as distinct genera based on genomic DNA evidence (Harvey et al. 2020) that <em>Phyllomyias sensu lato</em> is polyphyletic, supported by morphological and genomic differences that separate <em>Acrochordopus </em>from other species placed in <em>Tyranniscus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phyllomyias subviridis [Pelzeln]; type by original designation",null,"Studien über wenig bekannte Typen neotropischer Vögel","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/38/mode/1up","Acrochordopus"],["13443","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus burmeisteri","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.57","Rough-legged Tyrannulet","Rough-legged Tyrannulet","Rough-legged Tyrannulet","2025-0458","Taxon <em>zeledoni </em>(polytypic) is split from <em>Acrochordopus burmeisteri</em> (monotypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) show a deep split between <em>zeledoni </em>(ssp. <em>leucogenys</em>) and <em>burmeisteri</em>; vocal analyses also support the existence of two groups (Parra-Hernández et al. 2020; Parra-Hernández &amp; Arias-Moreno 2020). Further research on genetic and vocal differentiation within <em>zeledoni </em>is desirable.","east slope of Andes of eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699081","roltyr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roltyr3","avibase-F61CF239",null,null,"Brazil; restricted Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 298.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/65/mode/1up","P[hyllomyias] Burmeisteri"],["13444","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus zeledoni","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.144","White-fronted Tyrannulet","White-fronted Tyrannulet","White-fronted Tyrannulet","2025-0458","Taxon <em>zeledoni </em>(polytypic) is split from <em>Acrochordopus burmeisteri</em> (monotypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) show a deep split between <em>zeledoni </em>(ssp. <em>leucogenys</em>) and <em>burmeisteri</em>; vocal analyses also support the existence of two groups (Parra-Hernández et al. 2020; Parra-Hernández &amp; Arias-Moreno 2020). Further research on genetic and vocal differentiation within <em>zeledoni </em>is desirable.","foothill to montane humid forest in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, sparsely in Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, eastern Andes from Colombia southward to Peru (to Puno), central Andes of Colombia, and Andes of northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699075","roltyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roltyr1","avibase-DEDA2050",null,null,"Dota and Barranca, Costa Rica; restricted to Dota (J. T. Z.).","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/160/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus (?) zeledoni"],["13445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus zeledoni zeledoni","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86DEA2A6",null,null,"Dota and Barranca, Costa Rica; restricted to Dota (J. T. Z.).","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/160/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus (?) zeledoni"],["13446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus zeledoni leucogonys","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.841 pl.53 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes from Colombia to eastern Ecuador and southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F60D5468",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/973/mode/1up","Tyranniscus leucogonys"],["13447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus zeledoni wetmorei","Aveledo Hostos & Pons, 1953","Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 13 no.35 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"Perijá mountains (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C5A1F8F",null,null,"Jamayaujaina [= Cerro Pejochaina] , 1,640 m., Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Un ave nueva de la región de Perijá","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/un-ave-nueva-de-la-region-de-perija/","Acrochordopus zeledoni wetmorei"],["13448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus zeledoni viridiceps","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4265E80B",null,null,"Hacienda Izcaragua, 1,100 m., Guarenas, Miranda, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Acrochordopus zeledoni viridiceps"],["13449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Acrochordopus zeledoni bunites","Wetmore & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela in Bolívar (Cerro Chimantá-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DA24053",null,null,"western slope of Cerro Chimantatepui, 1,300 m., Bolívar, Venezuela.","Further additions to the list of birds of Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/241/mode/1up","Acrochordopus zeledoni bunites"],["13450","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyranniscus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.57.",null,null,null,"2025-1198","<em>Acrochordopus </em>(polytypic, including <em>burmeisteri </em>and <em>zeledoni</em>) and <em>Tyranniscus </em>(polytypic, including <em>nigrocapillus</em>, <em>cinereiceps </em>and <em>uropygialis</em>) are recognized as distinct genera based on genomic DNA evidence (Harvey et al. 2020) that <em>Phyllomyias sensu lato</em> is polyphyletic, supported by morphological and genomic differences that separate <em>Acrochordopus </em>from other species placed in <em>Tyranniscus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannulus nigricapillus [Lafresnaye]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/65/mode/1up","Tyranniscus"],["13451","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyranniscus cinereiceps","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.69","Ashy-headed Tyrannulet","Ashy-headed Tyrannulet","Ashy-headed Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and southern Peru (Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699116","ashtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashtyr1","avibase-68EA03E8",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/103/mode/1up","Tyrannulus cinereiceps"],["13452","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyranniscus uropygialis","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.266","Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet","Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet","Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to western Bolivia (southward to Tarija)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699119","tartyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tartyr1","avibase-CE406BCB",null,null,"'supposed to be Ecuador'; restricted to Corazon, Pichincha (J. T. Z.).","Characters of some new South American birds, with notes on other rare or little known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/282/mode/1up","Mecocerculus uropygialis"],["13453","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyranniscus nigrocapillus","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.341","Black-capped Tyrannulet","Black-capped Tyrannulet","Black-capped Tyrannulet",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (Cajamarca), and the eastern Andes of Peru (Amazonas to northwestern Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699113","blctyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctyr1","avibase-52BBDAD6",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/351/mode/1up","T[yrannulus] nigro-capillus"],["13454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyranniscus nigrocapillus flavimentum","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA344426",null,null,"San Lorenzo, 7,500 ft. [7,000 ft. on original label] , Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Tyranniscus nigricapillus flavimentum"],["13455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyranniscus nigrocapillus nigrocapillus","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to southern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04F33363",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/351/mode/1up","T[yrannulus] nigro-capillus"],["13456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyranniscus nigrocapillus aureus","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1109 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (northern Táchira to southern Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7E59E15",null,null,"Escorial, 2,500 m., near Mérida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 37, The genera Sublegatus, Phaeomyias[,] Camptostoma, Xanthomyias, Phyllomyias, and Tyranniscus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4794/","Tyranniscus nigro-capillus aureus"],["13457","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ornithion","Hartlaub, 1853","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Ornithion inerme [Hartlaub, 1853]; type by original designation",null,"Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/47/mode/1up","Ornithion"],["13458","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ornithion inerme","Hartlaub, 1853","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.35","White-lored Tyrannulet","White-lored Tyrannulet","White-lored Tyrannulet",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699160","whltyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whltyr1","avibase-E02C0DF3",null,null,"'without doubt from South America'; Bahia substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 42.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/47/mode/1up","O[rnithion] inerme"],["13459","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ornithion semiflavum","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300","Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet","Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet","Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet",null,null,"humid lowlands of southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to northeastern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699163","yebtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtyr1","avibase-27D4FC77",null,null,"Verapaz, Guatemala; type from Choctum, Alta Verapaz, fide Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 129.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Tyrannulus semiflavus"],["13460","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ornithion brunneicapillus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.12","Brown-capped Tyrannulet","Brown-capped Tyrannulet","Brown-capped Tyrannulet",null,null,"Costa Rica to western Colombia, northwestern Ecuador, and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699166","brctyr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brctyr","avibase-BF566659",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama; presumably from near Lion Hill, Canal Zone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/36/mode/1up","Tyrannulus brunneicapillus"],["13461","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.339 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Camptostoma imberbe [Sclater, PL, 1857]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/215/mode/1up","Camptostoma"],["13462","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma caucae","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.178","Cauca Beardless Tyrannulet","Cauca Beardless-Tyrannulet",null,"2026-045","Camptostoma obsoletum is treated as six species based on an analysis of vocalizations (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025): <em>C. flaviventre</em> (including <em>majus</em> and <em>orphnum</em>), <em>C. caucae</em>, <em>C. pusillum</em>, <em>C. sclateri</em> (including <em>maranonicum</em> and <em>griseum</em>), <em>C. napaeum</em> (including <em>olivaceum</em>), and <em>C. obsoletum</em> (including <em>cinerascens</em> and <em>bolivianum</em>). Although diagnostic differences were identified for each species across multiple vocalization types, differences between <em>C. flaviventre</em> and <em>C. pusillum</em> are subtle, vocal groups do not fully align with plumage traits, and the trill attributed to <em>C. caucae</em> requires confirmation; further research would be informative.","Colombia (western Andes, and Cauca and Magdalena valleys)",null,null,null,"soubet6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soubet6","avibase-46D82A7E",null,null,"Río Frio, 3,500 ft., Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Camptostoma caucae"],["13463","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma sclateri","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.554","Pacific Beardless Tyrannulet","Pacific Beardless-Tyrannulet",null,"2026-045","Camptostoma obsoletum is treated as six species based on an analysis of vocalizations (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025): <em>C. flaviventre</em> (including <em>majus</em> and <em>orphnum</em>), <em>C. caucae</em>, <em>C. pusillum</em>, <em>C. sclateri</em> (including <em>maranonicum</em> and <em>griseum</em>), <em>C. napaeum</em> (including <em>olivaceum</em>), and <em>C. obsoletum</em> (including <em>cinerascens</em> and <em>bolivianum</em>). Although diagnostic differences were identified for each species across multiple vocalization types, differences between <em>C. flaviventre</em> and <em>C. pusillum</em> are subtle, vocal groups do not fully align with plumage traits, and the trill attributed to <em>C. caucae</em> requires confirmation; further research would be informative.","tropical western Ecuador and western Peru (southward to Lima), including (middle Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,"soubet17","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soubet17","avibase-BE600B9D",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/686/mode/1up","Ornithion sclateri"],["13464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma sclateri sclateri","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.554",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes and northern Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D6E6502",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/686/mode/1up","Ornithion sclateri"],["13465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma sclateri maranonicum","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (middle Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DE133EE",null,null,"San Pedro, 6,000 ft., lower Río Sihuas, Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Camptostoma obsoletum maronica [sic; maranonica in text]"],["13466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma sclateri griseum","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of western Peru (Lambayeque to Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BFA525A",null,null,"Suchiman, about 800 ft., Río Santa, Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Camptostoma obsoletum griseum"],["13467","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma imberbe","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.339 p.203,text fig.","Northern Beardless Tyrannulet","Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet","Northern Beardless Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Arizona to southern Texas, western Mexico, and northern Costa Rica; Cozumel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699177","nobtyr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nobtyr","avibase-FD5DACEE",null,null,"in vicinity of San Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico.","List of additional species of Mexican Birds, obtained by M. Auguste Sallé from the environs of Jalapa and S. Andres Tuxtla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/215/mode/1up","Camptostoma imberbe"],["13468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma imberbe imberbe","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.339 p.203,text fig.",null,null,null,"2026-107","<em>Camptostoma imberbe thyellophilum</em> is reinstated as a subspecies of <em>C. imberbe</em> based on differences in multiple bioacoustic traits (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025). Originally described from the island of Cozumel based on minor plumage and meristic differences (Parker &amp; Phillips 1999), vocal evidence indicates that <em>C. i. thyellophilum</em> occurs throughout the Yucatan Peninsula. Further research, including genetic data and a more detailed investigation of plumage and morphology throughout its expanded range, may support recognition of <em>C. i. thyellophilum</em> as a separate species.","southeastern Arizona to southern Texas, western Mexico, and northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6060F3CB",null,null,"in vicinity of San Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico.","List of additional species of Mexican Birds, obtained by M. Auguste Sallé from the environs of Jalapa and S. Andres Tuxtla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/215/mode/1up","Camptostoma imberbe"],["13469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma imberbe thyellophilum","Parkes & Phillips, 1999","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 119 p.60",null,null,null,"2026-107","<em>Camptostoma imberbe thyellophilum</em> is reinstated as a subspecies of <em>C. imberbe</em> based on differences in multiple bioacoustic traits (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025). Originally described from the island of Cozumel based on minor plumage and meristic differences (Parker &amp; Phillips 1999), vocal evidence indicates that <em>C. i. thyellophilum</em> occurs throughout the Yucatan Peninsula. Further research, including genetic data and a more detailed investigation of plumage and morphology throughout its expanded range, may support recognition of <em>C. i. thyellophilum</em> as a separate species.","Yucatan Peninsula including Cozumel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D816744",null,null,null,"A new subspecies of the Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma imberbe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123704#page/70/mode/1up","Camptostoma imberbe thyellophila"],["13470","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma pusillum","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.58","Venezuelan Beardless Tyrannulet","Venezuelan Beardless-Tyrannulet",null,"2026-045","Camptostoma obsoletum is treated as six species based on an analysis of vocalizations (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025): <em>C. flaviventre</em> (including <em>majus</em> and <em>orphnum</em>), <em>C. caucae</em>, <em>C. pusillum</em>, <em>C. sclateri</em> (including <em>maranonicum</em> and <em>griseum</em>), <em>C. napaeum</em> (including <em>olivaceum</em>), and <em>C. obsoletum</em> (including <em>cinerascens</em> and <em>bolivianum</em>). Although diagnostic differences were identified for each species across multiple vocalization types, differences between <em>C. flaviventre</em> and <em>C. pusillum</em> are subtle, vocal groups do not fully align with plumage traits, and the trill attributed to <em>C. caucae</em> requires confirmation; further research would be informative.","Caribbean coast of northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,"soubet7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soubet7","avibase-BBA2A39A",null,null,"Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/66/mode/1up","M[yiopatis] pusilla"],["13471","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma flaviventre","Sclater & Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.358","Panama Beardless Tyrannulet","Panama Beardless-Tyrannulet",null,"2026-045","Camptostoma obsoletum is treated as six species based on an analysis of vocalizations (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025): <em>C. flaviventre</em> (including <em>majus</em> and <em>orphnum</em>), <em>C. caucae</em>, <em>C. pusillum</em>, <em>C. sclateri</em> (including <em>maranonicum</em> and <em>griseum</em>), <em>C. napaeum</em> (including <em>olivaceum</em>), and <em>C. obsoletum</em> (including <em>cinerascens</em> and <em>bolivianum</em>). Although diagnostic differences were identified for each species across multiple vocalization types, differences between <em>C. flaviventre</em> and <em>C. pusillum</em> are subtle, vocal groups do not fully align with plumage traits, and the trill attributed to <em>C. caucae</em> requires confirmation; further research would be informative.","Pacific coast of southwestern Costa Rica and Panama (including Coiba, Cébaco, and Pearl islands)",null,null,null,"soubet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soubet1","avibase-664FBC82",null,null,"Panama; presumably from near Lion Hill, Canal Zone.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/442/mode/1up","Camptostoma flaviventre"],["13472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma flaviventre flaviventre","Sclater & Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of southwestern Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C0D2408",null,null,"Panama; presumably from near Lion Hill, Canal Zone.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/442/mode/1up","Camptostoma flaviventre"],["13473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma flaviventre orphnum","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba and Cébaco islands (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC7DFD76",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/300/mode/1up","Camptostoma obsoletum orphnum"],["13474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma flaviventre majus","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-600034F5",null,null,"San Miguel, El Rey Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/449/mode/1up","Camptostoma pusillum major"],["13475","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma napaeum","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.520","Amazonian Beardless Tyrannulet","Amazonian Beardless-Tyrannulet",null,"2026-045","Camptostoma obsoletum is treated as six species based on an analysis of vocalizations (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025): <em>C. flaviventre</em> (including <em>majus</em> and <em>orphnum</em>), <em>C. caucae</em>, <em>C. pusillum</em>, <em>C. sclateri</em> (including <em>maranonicum</em> and <em>griseum</em>), <em>C. napaeum</em> (including <em>olivaceum</em>), and <em>C. obsoletum</em> (including <em>cinerascens</em> and <em>bolivianum</em>). Although diagnostic differences were identified for each species across multiple vocalization types, differences between <em>C. flaviventre</em> and <em>C. pusillum</em> are subtle, vocal groups do not fully align with plumage traits, and the trill attributed to <em>C. caucae</em> requires confirmation; further research would be informative.","Amazon basin, from southeastern Colombia eastward to the Guianas and Amapá, and southward to northeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil (western Amazonas)",null,null,null,"soubet16","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soubet16","avibase-B73AE5D5",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, lower Amazon [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/534/mode/1up","Ornithion napaeum"],["13476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma napaeum napaeum","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.520",null,null,null,null,null,"far south-central Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (eastern Amazonas, Pará, and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79BC0B75",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, lower Amazon [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/534/mode/1up","Ornithion napaeum"],["13477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma napaeum olivaceum","(Berlepsch, 1889)","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil (western Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-395ADF94",null,null,"Iquitos, Peru.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der von Herrn Gustav Garlepp in Brasilien und Nord-Peru im Gebiete des oberen Amazonas gesammelten Vogelbälge (Forsetzung von Januar-Heft S. 97-101.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/313/mode/1up","Ornithion pusillum olivaceum"],["13478","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma obsoletum","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.3 text to pl.275 fig.1","Southeastern Beardless Tyrannulet","Southeastern Beardless-Tyrannulet",null,"2026-045","Camptostoma obsoletum is treated as six species based on an analysis of vocalizations (Lima &amp; Vaz 2025): <em>C. flaviventre</em> (including <em>majus</em> and <em>orphnum</em>), <em>C. caucae</em>, <em>C. pusillum</em>, <em>C. sclateri</em> (including <em>maranonicum</em> and <em>griseum</em>), <em>C. napaeum</em> (including <em>olivaceum</em>), and <em>C. obsoletum</em> (including <em>cinerascens</em> and <em>bolivianum</em>). Although diagnostic differences were identified for each species across multiple vocalization types, differences between <em>C. flaviventre</em> and <em>C. pusillum</em> are subtle, vocal groups do not fully align with plumage traits, and the trill attributed to <em>C. caucae</em> requires confirmation; further research would be informative.","far southeastern Peru and west-central Bolivia eastward to central and eastern Brazil, and southward to north-central Argentina and Uruguay",null,null,null,"soubet2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soubet2","avibase-EA6F891E",null,null,"Brazil; cotype in Vienna Museum is from Curitiba, Paraná, which is proposed as restricted type locality (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/259/mode/1up","Muscicapa obsoleta"],["13479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma obsoletum bolivianum","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1109 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79DF2C4F",null,null,"Pulque [ = Pulqui Alto] , 9,400 ft., [near] Sucre, Chuquisaca, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 37, The genera Sublegatus, Phaeomyias[,] Camptostoma, Xanthomyias, Phyllomyias, and Tyranniscus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4794/","Camptostoma obsoletum bolivianum"],["13480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma obsoletum cinerascens","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.723",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia and central and eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Ceará and Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FB6C487",null,null,"Barra do Jucu, Rio Espirito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/745/mode/1up","Hylophilus cinerascens"],["13481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Camptostoma obsoletum obsoletum","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.3 text to pl.275 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5B66505",null,null,"Brazil; cotype in Vienna Museum is from Curitiba, Paraná, which is proposed as restricted type locality (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/259/mode/1up","Muscicapa obsoleta"],["13482","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannulus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia elata [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Sylvia elata Latham, 1790",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f37.item","Tyrannulus"],["13483","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannulus elatus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.549","Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet","Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet","Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet",null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to northern Bolivia, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699227","yectyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yectyr1","avibase-C28307D6",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/89/mode/1up","S[ylvia] elata"],["13484","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis","Salvin & Godman, 1888","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Elainea placens [Sclater, PL, 1859]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14590#page/38/mode/1up","Myiopagis"],["13485","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis parambae","(Hellmayr, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.54","Choco Elaenia","Choco Elaenia","Choco Grey Elaenia","2025-0456","<em>Myiopagis caniceps</em> is split into three species based on genetics and vocalizations:<em> M. caniceps; M. cinerea; </em>and<em> M. parambae</em>. Genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Rheindt et al. 2009b; Cuervo et al. 2014) both recovered <em>M. caniceps sensu lato</em> as paraphyletic with relatively deep divergences between all three taxa, and the vocalizations of all three taxa are distinct (Cuervo et al. 2014; Boesman 2016d).","forest and edge of lowlands to hills from central Panama (disjunct) and eastern Panama south west of Andes to west-central Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681584","gryela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryela1","avibase-9D2A5860",null,null,"Hacienda Paramba, 3,500 ft., Imbabura, Ecuador.","On new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/538/mode/1up","Serpophaga parambae"],["13486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis parambae absita","(Wetmore, 1963)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145, no.6 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64C3E157",null,null,"old Tacarcuna village site, 950 m., headwaters of the Río Pucro, base of Cerro Mali, Serrania del Darien, Panama.","Additions to records of birds known from the Republic of Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109667#page/575/mode/1up","Elaenia caniceps absita"],["13487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis parambae parambae","(Hellmayr, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (southward to western Cañar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9528CC1",null,null,"Hacienda Paramba, 3,500 ft., Imbabura, Ecuador.","On new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/538/mode/1up","Serpophaga parambae"],["13488","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis olallai","Coopmans & Krabbe, 2000","Wilson Bulletin 112 p.305-312,front.","Foothill Elaenia","Foothill Elaenia","Foothill Elaenia",null,null,"humid montane and foothills forest disjunctly in the Sierra de Perijá, the northern end of the central Andes of Colombia, including Sierra de San Lucas, the eastern slope of the Andes of southern Colombia and Ecuador, and locally in the eastern Andes of south-central and southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729451","fooela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fooela1","avibase-DF86AF36",null,null,"Río Bombucaro, 04°07'S, 78°58'W, 5Km.al sureste de Zamora, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador.","A NEW SPECIES OF FLYCATCHER (TYRANNIDAE: MYIOPAGIS) FROM EASTERN ECUADOR AND EASTERN PERU","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226148#page/322/mode/1up","Myiopagis olallai"],["13489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis olallai coopmansi","Cuervo, Stiles, Lentino et al., 2014","Zootaxa 3873(1) 1-24",null,null,null,null,null,"northern central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46604A9E",null,null,"Bodega Vieja, Amalfi, Department of Antioquia, Colombia (6°58'N, 75°03'W; 1500 m elevation)","Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/geographic-variation-and-phylogenetic-relationships-of-myiopagis-olallai-aves-passeriformes-tyrannidae-with-the-description-of-two-new-taxa-from-the-northern-andes/","Myiopagis olallai coopmansi"],["13490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis olallai incognita","Cuervo, Stiles, Lentino et al., 2014","Zootaxa 3873(1) 1-24",null,null,null,null,null,"Serranía de Perijá, Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E88B6D9",null,null,"Ayapa (=La Sabana), upper Río Negro, State of Zulia, Venezuela (ca. 10°02'N, 72°45'W; 1100 m elevation);","Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/geographic-variation-and-phylogenetic-relationships-of-myiopagis-olallai-aves-passeriformes-tyrannidae-with-the-description-of-two-new-taxa-from-the-northern-andes/","Myiopagis olallai incognita"],["13491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis olallai olallai","Coopmans & Krabbe, 2000","Wilson Bulletin 112 p.305-312,front.",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills on the east slope of the Andes of Ecuador and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F16A43E4",null,null,"Río Bombucaro, 04°07'S, 78°58'W, 5Km.al sureste de Zamora, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador.","A NEW SPECIES OF FLYCATCHER (TYRANNIDAE: MYIOPAGIS) FROM EASTERN ECUADOR AND EASTERN PERU","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226148#page/322/mode/1up","Myiopagis olallai"],["13492","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis caniceps","(Swainson, 1835)","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil 4 pl.49","Grey-headed Elaenia","Gray-headed Elaenia","Atlantic Grey Elaenia","2025-0456","<em>Myiopagis caniceps</em> is split into three species based on genetics and vocalizations:<em> M. caniceps; M. cinerea; </em>and<em> M. parambae</em>. Genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Rheindt et al. 2009b; Cuervo et al. 2014) both recovered <em>M. caniceps sensu lato</em> as paraphyletic with relatively deep divergences between all three taxa, and the vocalizations of all three taxa are distinct (Cuervo et al. 2014; Boesman 2016d).","southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and adjacent Brazil (undescribed subspecies, not true caniceps?); eastern and southern Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina and eastward to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and south-central and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681536","gryela3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryela3","avibase-EA9AA95C",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Santo Amaro, Reconcavo da Bahia by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 279.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/207/mode/1up","Tyrannula caniceps"],["13493","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis cinerea","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.108,180","Amazonian Elaenia","Amazonian Elaenia","Amazonian Grey Elaenia","2025-0456","<em>Myiopagis caniceps</em> is split into three species based on genetics and vocalizations:<em> M. caniceps; M. cinerea; </em>and<em> M. parambae</em>. Genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Rheindt et al. 2009b; Cuervo et al. 2014) both recovered <em>M. caniceps sensu lato</em> as paraphyletic with relatively deep divergences between all three taxa, and the vocalizations of all three taxa are distinct (Cuervo et al. 2014; Boesman 2016d).","eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681580","gryela2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryela2","avibase-5423E1F8",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/190/mode/1up","Elainea cinerea"],["13494","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis subplacens","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.407","Pacific Elaenia","Pacific Elaenia","Pacific Elaenia",null,null,"western Ecuador (western Esmeraldas and Manabí) to northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699239","pacela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacela1","avibase-31842F4A",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","Index generis Elaineae ex familia Tyrannidarum additis novarum specierum diagnosibus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/513/mode/1up","Elainea subplacens"],["13495","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis gaimardii","(d'Orbigny, 1840)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 48, Oiseaux p.326","Forest Elaenia","Forest Elaenia","Forest Elaenia",null,null,"tropical rainforest, gallery forest, and semi-humid forest from central Panama eastward to the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, in central Colombia southward to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas, southward across the Amazon basin to eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (Maranhão to southern Mato Grosso do Sul), and disjunctly in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699230","forela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forela1","avibase-54EC5236",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/342/mode/1up","Muscicapara Gaimardii"],["13496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis gaimardii macilvainii","(Lawrence, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and Caribbean coast of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2087BB5E",null,null,"'Venezuela?'; type from Cartegena, Bolívar, Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 433.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/30/mode/1up","Elainea macilvainii"],["13497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis gaimardii bogotensis","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBC6BA95",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","On the genus Elaenia Sundev.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/449/mode/1up","Elaenia gaimardi bogotensis"],["13498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis gaimardii trinitatis","(Hartert & Goodson, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41CBCDC0",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/467/mode/1up","Elaenia gaimardii trinitatis"],["13499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis gaimardii guianensis","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05DEAC17",null,null,"Camacusa, British Guiana.","On the genus Elaenia Sundev.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/449/mode/1up","Elaenia gaimardi guianensis"],["13500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis gaimardii gaimardii","(d'Orbigny, 1840)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 48, Oiseaux p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Ecuador to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, southwestern and eastern Brazil (south of the Amazon eastward to Maranhão and southward to Goiás and western São Paulo; also Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E19AFE3",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/342/mode/1up","Muscicapara Gaimardii"],["13501","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis flavivertex","(Sclater, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.49","Yellow-crowned Elaenia","Yellow-crowned Elaenia","Yellow-crowned Elaenia",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas, northeastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699242","yecela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecela1","avibase-890CA872",null,null,"upper Ucayali [= near Cashiboya] , Peru.","Characters of new Species of Birds of the Family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/101/mode/1up","Elainea flavivertex"],["13502","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis cotta","(Gosse, 1849)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.3 p.257","Jamaican Elaenia","Jamaican Elaenia","Small Jamaican Elaenia",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699245","jamela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamela1","avibase-321B1AA0",null,null,"Jamaica.","XXX. Descriptions of two new Birds from Jamaica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54554#page/271/mode/1up","Elania cotta"],["13503","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.171","Greenish Elaenia","Greenish Elaenia","Greenish Elaenia",null,null,"disjunctly, Pacific slope of Mexico from Sinaloa and Tres Marías Islands, and tropical southeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas), including Cozumel, to northern South America, Guyana, and southeastern Peru to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and central, eastern and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699248","greela","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greela","avibase-F219499B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/185/mode/1up","Sylvia viridicata"],["13504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata jaliscensis","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope from Sinaloa to Oaxaca (northwestern to southwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A7053D3",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Myiopagis placens jaliscensis"],["13505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata minima","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off Nayarit, west-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A96EB70",null,null,"Maria Madre island, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/23/mode/1up","Myiopagis placens minimus"],["13506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata placens","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas), including Cozumel, to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B5449BD",null,null,"central Mexico and Guatemala; type from Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, fide Sclater, 1862, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 217.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/76/mode/1up","Elainia placens"],["13507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata pacifica","(Brodkorb, 1943)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.478 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2720944",null,null,"Finca Esperanza, 150 m., Chiapas, Mexico.","Two new Flycatchers of genus Elaenia.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56916","Elaenia viridicata pacifica"],["13508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata accola","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Nicaragua to Panama, northern Colombia, and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BDE2B9C",null,null,"Boquete, 4,000 ft., Chiriquí, Panama.","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/43/mode/1up","Myiopagis placens accola"],["13509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata pallens","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (Cundinamarca, Huila, and Santa Marta region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04DC51A5",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/93/mode/1up","Myiopagis placens pallens"],["13510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata restricta","Todd, 1952","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela (east of Andes, north of the Amazon Basin), also Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2784896F",null,null,"Santa Lucia, Miranda, Venezuela.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/352/mode/1up","Myiopagis viridicata restricta"],["13511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata zuliae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1709 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1228F222",null,null,"Barranquilla, 960 m., Sierra de Perijá, Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela. [2].","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5354/","Myiopagis viridicata zuliae"],["13512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata implacens","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-510A9057",null,null,"Esmeraldas and Babahoyo, Ecuador; restricted to Esmeraldas by Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 182. (The Babahoyo cotype is a young Myiopagis subplacens.)","Index generis Elaineae ex familia Tyrannidarum additis novarum specierum diagnosibus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/514/mode/1up","Elainea implacens"],["13513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiopagis viridicata viridicata","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and central, eastern and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9073BA8",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/185/mode/1up","Sylvia viridicata"],["13514","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia","Sundevall, 1836","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ser.3, t.23 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa pagana [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49). = Pipra flavogaster Thunberg, 1822  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107409#page/93/mode/1up","Elaenia"],["13515","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia ruficeps","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.108,179","Rufous-crowned Elaenia","Rufous-crowned Elaenia","Rufous-crowned Elaenia",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to the Guianas, southern Venezuela, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699292","rucela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucela1","avibase-D4A776C8",null,null,"Borba, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/189/mode/1up","Elainea ruficeps"],["13516","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia cristata","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.107,177","Plain-crested Elaenia","Plain-crested Elaenia","Plain-crested Elaenia",null,null,"savanna with scattered shrubs,open woodland, riparian woodland, and thickets from far eastern Colombia eastward to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil, locally in the Amazon basin of Brazil westward to eastern Amazonas and southward to southeastern Peru (dry middle Rio Urubamba valley and Pampas del Heath), northern Bolivia, Rondônia (western Brazil) and southward in interior and eastern Brazil to Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699289","plcela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plcela1","avibase-4D9DD372",null,null,"city of Goiás, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/187/mode/1up","Elainea cristata"],["13517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia cristata alticola","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southeastern Bolívar) and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD063A49",null,null,"Kabanayen, 1,200 m., near Ptari-tepui, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Elaenia cristata alticola"],["13518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia cristata cristata","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.107,177",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela and the Guianas to Amazonian and eastern Brazil, northern and northeastern Bolivia, and locally in Cusco (southeastern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A8785B1",null,null,"city of Goiás, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/187/mode/1up","Elainea cristata"],["13519","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia strepera","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.162 p.215","Slaty Elaenia","Slaty Elaenia","Slaty Elaenia",null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina; winters north to Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699277","slaela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slaela1","avibase-7DDAC0D3",null,null,"foothills of Tucumán, Argentina.","[Neue Arten aus unbekannten Gebietes Nordargentiniens].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/227/mode/1up","Elainea strepera"],["13520","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia gigas","Sclater, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.831","Mottle-backed Elaenia","Mottle-backed Elaenia","Mottle-backed Elaenia",null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699283","mobela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mobela1","avibase-2956BBB3",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of three apparently new Species of Tyrant-birds of the Genus Elainea, with Remarks on other known Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/961/mode/1up","Elainea gigas"],["13521","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia sordida","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1108 p.16","Small-headed Elaenia","Small-headed Elaenia","Brazilian Elaenia",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681211","higela3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/higela3","avibase-6DC8331E",null,null,"Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 36, The genera Elaenia and Myiopagis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4773/","Elaenia obscura sordida"],["13522","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia dayi","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.3","Great Elaenia","Great Elaenia","Great Elaenia",null,null,"humid forest, humid scrub, and stunted woodland in the tepuis of southern Venezuela, far northern Brazil (Roraima), and far west-central Guyana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699304","greela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greela1","avibase-AB94C8C5",null,null,"summit of Cerro Roraima, 8,600 ft., Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Elaenia dayi"],["13523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia dayi dayi","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains and Gran Sabana of southeastern Venezuela (cerros Ptari-tepui, Chimantá-tepui, Kukenam, and Roraima) and far northern adjacent Brazil; probably also in adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-282E0133",null,null,"summit of Cerro Roraima, 8,600 ft., Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Elaenia dayi"],["13524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia dayi auyantepui","Zimmer & Phelps, 1952","American Museum Novitates no.1544 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Auyán-tepui, in southeastern Bolívar (southern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67DDC2D1",null,null,"Auyan-tepui, 2,200 m., Bolívar, Venezuela.","New birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5093/","Elaenia dayi auyantepui"],["13525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia dayi tyleri","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central Venezuela in Amazonas (cerros Parú, Huachamacari, Marahuaca, and Duida) and southwestern Bolívar (Meseta de Jaua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0AE1B00",null,null,"Cerro Duida, 5,000 ft., Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Elaenea tyleri"],["13526","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia obscura","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.48","Highland Elaenia","Highland Elaenia","Highland Elaenia",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Ecuador to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681177","higela2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/higela2","avibase-E6A70247",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/164/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] (M[uscipeta]) obscura"],["13527","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia flavogaster","(Thunberg, 1822)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 8 p.283,286","Yellow-bellied Elaenia","Yellow-bellied Elaenia","Yellow-bellied Elaenia",null,null,"dry to humid forest, woodland and scrub, savanna, gallery and riparian forest, and river islands on Gulf slope (southern Veracruz) of southeastern Mexico southward (including the Yucatan Peninsula) across most Central America (including Coiba and Pearl islands), eastward across Colombia and Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), to Trinidad and Tobago, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles), the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil, west of the Andes from northwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Peru, east of the Andes in the central and eastern Amazon basin of Brazil southward to central Bolivia, and from northeastern Brazil southward in Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay, and in the foothills of the Andes from southeastern Ecuador southward to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699262","yebela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebela1","avibase-B655AA73",null,null,"'presumably Rio [de] Janeiro [, Brazil] (from Westin, Swedish Consul at that station).",null,null,"P[ipra] flavogaster"],["13528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia flavogaster subpagana","Sclater, 1860","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Veracruz) to Costa Rica, and Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-595C4919",null,null,"Guatemala; cotypes are from Dueñas, Sacatepequez, fide Sclater, loc. cit.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/64/mode/1up","Elainia subpagana"],["13529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia flavogaster pallididorsalis","Aldrich, 1937","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 7 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama; Cébaco and Pearl islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0948C523",null,null,"Paracote, 50 ft., east shore of Bahia Montijo, one mile south of mouth of Río Angulo, Veraguas, Panama.","The Birds and Mammals of the western slope of the Azuero Peninsula (Republic of Panama).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122692#page/116/mode/1up","Elaenia flavogastra pallididorsalis"],["13530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia flavogaster flavogaster","(Thunberg, 1822)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 8 p.283,286",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to the southern Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent to Grenada), Trinidad, the Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1F15E09",null,null,"'presumably Rio [de] Janeiro [, Brazil] (from Westin, Swedish Consul at that station).",null,null,"P[ipra] flavogaster"],["13531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia flavogaster semipagana","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) and northwestern Peru; Isla Puná",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46C7B5FD",null,null,"western Ecuador; type from Babahoyo, Los Ríos, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 405.","Index generis Elaineae ex familia Tyrannidarum additis novarum specierum diagnosibus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/510/mode/1up","Elainea semipagana"],["13532","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia parvirostris","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.107,178","Small-billed Elaenia","Small-billed Elaenia","Small-billed Elaenia",null,null,"breeds southern Brazil to Bolivia and central Argentina; winters north to Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699274","smbela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbela1","avibase-93E59B5B",null,null,"Curitiba, Borba, and Barcelos, Brazil; type from Curitiba, Paraná, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 415.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/188/mode/1up","Elainea parvirostris"],["13533","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia brachyptera","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.407","Coopmans's Elaenia","Coopmans's Elaenia","Coopmans's Elaenia",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador; also east slope of the Andes of Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681276","cooela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cooela1","avibase-21774F5F",null,null,"San Pablo, 4,500 ft., Nariño, Colombia.","On the genus Elaenia Sundev.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/435/mode/1up","Elaenia brachyptera"],["13534","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia pelzelni","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.397","Brownish Elaenia","Brownish Elaenia","Brownish Elaenia",null,null,"river islands of the Amazon system",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699286","broela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broela1","avibase-A58DD6C7",null,null,"Lamalonga, Rio Negro, Brazil.","On the genus Elaenia Sundev.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/425/mode/1up","Elaenia pelzelni"],["13535","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia spectabilis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.107,176","Large Elaenia","Large Elaenia","Large Elaenia",null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to northern Argentina and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699265","larela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larela1","avibase-79E26221",null,null,"Barcellos and Goiás, Brazil; type from Goiás.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/186/mode/1up","Elainea spectabilis"],["13536","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia ridleyana","Sharpe, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.1 p.107","Noronha Elaenia","Noronha Elaenia","Noronha Elaenia",null,null,"Ilha Fernando de Noronha (off northeastern Brazil)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699268","norela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norela1","avibase-0A39BE20",null,null,"island of Fernando Noronha.","On a new Species of Elainea from the Island of Fernando Norohna.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/141/mode/1up","Elainea ridleyana"],["13537","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia mesoleuca","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2","Olivaceous Elaenia","Olivaceous Elaenia","Olivaceous Elaenia",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Goiás) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699280","oliela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliela1","avibase-117278D5",null,null,"Mexico; type is labeled Montevideo, Uruguay, fide van Rossem, 1934, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 350.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/70/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] mesoleuca"],["13538","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia chiriquensis","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.176","Lesser Elaenia","Lesser Elaenia","Lesser Elaenia",null,null,"dry to semi-humid scrub, riparian woodland and scrub, and savanna with scattered bushes from northwestern Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama (including Coiba and Pearl islands), from northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward in interior Colombia to the headwaters of the ríos Cauca and Magdalena, east of the Andes from northern Colombia eastward through Trinidad, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil, southward in eastern Brazilian Amazonia, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest (southward to Paraná), northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and (at least formerly) northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681244","lesela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesela1","avibase-6AC0CC9E",null,null,"near David, Chiriquí, New Granada [= Panama] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/196/mode/1up","Elainea chiriquensis"],["13539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia chiriquensis chiriquensis","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Costa Rica to Panama (including Coiba, Cébaco, and Pearl islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09AA3DBA",null,null,"near David, Chiriquí, New Granada [= Panama] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/196/mode/1up","Elainea chiriquensis"],["13540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia chiriquensis albivertex","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.107,177",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Trinidad and the Guianas, Brazil, and (at least formerly) northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C5EBB3E",null,null,"Ipanema, São Paulo, Goiás, and Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil; type from Ipanema, São Paulo, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 422.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/187/mode/1up","Elainea albivertex"],["13541","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia pallatangae","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.407 pl.41","Sierran Elaenia","Sierran Elaenia","Sierran Elaenia","2025-0441","Taxon <em>chilensis </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Elaenia albiceps</em> pending further research on species limits within the broader <em>albiceps-pallatangae</em> complex. Combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Rheindt et al. 2009a; Chattopadhyay et al. 2017; Tang et al. 2018) indicate that <em>albiceps </em>and <em>chilensis </em>are not closely related, but also showed <em>E. pallatangae</em> to be embedded within <em>chilensis </em>despite obvious vocal differences. The current classification is unsatisfactory, but information needed for a thorough reassessment of species limits is lacking.","humid montane forest, woodland, and scrub in the Andes from central Colombia (Tolima), southward across Ecuador to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (Cajamarca), and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru, south and east of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681315","sieela3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sieela3","avibase-A443B64D",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","Index generis Elaineae ex familia Tyrannidarum additis novarum specierum diagnosibus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/513/mode/1up","Elainea pallatangae"],["13542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia pallatangae pallatangae","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.407 pl.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEC4A90D",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","Index generis Elaineae ex familia Tyrannidarum additis novarum specierum diagnosibus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/513/mode/1up","Elainea pallatangae"],["13543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia pallatangae intensa","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1108 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3620F863",null,null,"San Pedro, 8,600-9,400 ft., south of Chachapoyas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 36, The genera Elaenia and Myiopagis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4773/","Elaenia pallatangae intensa"],["13544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia pallatangae exsul","Todd, 1952","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADC1CF13",null,null,"Incachaca, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/352/mode/1up","Elaenia pallatangae exsul"],["13545","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia albiceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.47","White-crested Elaenia","White-crested Elaenia","White-crested Elaenia","2025-0441","Taxon <em>chilensis </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Elaenia albiceps</em> pending further research on species limits within the broader <em>albiceps-pallatangae</em> complex. Combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Rheindt et al. 2009a; Chattopadhyay et al. 2017; Tang et al. 2018) indicate that <em>albiceps </em>and <em>chilensis </em>are not closely related, but also showed <em>E. pallatangae</em> to be embedded within <em>chilensis </em>despite obvious vocal differences. The current classification is unsatisfactory, but information needed for a thorough reassessment of species limits is lacking.","Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to northern Chile, central Andes of Peru to northwestern Argentina, and Chile and Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego; southern populations winter to north, mainly Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699271","whcela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcela1","avibase-611C997C",null,null,"part, Yungas, Bolivia; types from Yungas, Bolivia, fide Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 28.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/163/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] (M[uscipeta]) albiceps"],["13546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia albiceps griseigularis","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.554 pl.146 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74B89654",null,null,"Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/662/mode/1up","Elainia griseigularis"],["13547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia albiceps diversa","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1108 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Peru (Cajamarca to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52C406D9",null,null,"Cajabamba, 9,000 ft., northern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 36, The genera Elaenia and Myiopagis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4773/","Elaenia albiceps diversa"],["13548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia albiceps urubambae","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1108 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2591A8E",null,null,"Chospiyoc, 10,000 ft., Urubamba Valley, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 36, The genera Elaenia and Myiopagis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4773/","Elaenia albiceps urubambae"],["13549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia albiceps albiceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Peru (Puno) and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-696E9E3B",null,null,"part, Yungas, Bolivia; types from Yungas, Bolivia, fide Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 28.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/163/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] (M[uscipeta]) albiceps"],["13550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia albiceps modesta","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical western Peru (La Libertad) to northwestern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFD55B88",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Lima by Zimmer, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1108, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/282/mode/1up","E[laenia] modesta"],["13551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia albiceps chilensis","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Andes of Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego; winters northward to Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-290F13EC",null,null,"Curacautin, Malleco, Chile.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/427/mode/1up","Elaenia albiceps chilensis"],["13552","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia olivina","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.446","Tepui Elaenia","Tepui Elaenia","Tepui Elaenia",null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, southwestern Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681376","sieela2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sieela2","avibase-0E78426E",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3,500-6,000 ft., British Guiana [= Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/500/mode/1up","Elainea olivina"],["13553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia olivina olivina","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F541FFEC",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3,500-6,000 ft., British Guiana [= Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/500/mode/1up","Elainea olivina"],["13554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia olivina davidwillardi","Dickerman & Phelps, 1987","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 41 p.27-32",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDBEA887",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Tres nuevos atrapamoscas (Tyrannidae) del Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/tres-nuevos-atrapamoscas-tyrannidae-del-cerro-de-la-neblina-territorio-amazonas-venezuela/","Elaenia pallatangae davidwillardi"],["13555","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia frantzii","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.172","Mountain Elaenia","Mountain Elaenia","Mountain Elaenia",null,null,"montane cloudforest, humid woodland, pine-oak woodland, and treeline, disjunctly in the mountains of southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) southward to northern Nicaragua, the mountains of southern Nicaragua to central Panama, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Monagas), the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward in Colombia in the Andean plateau (Nariño)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699298","mouela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouela1","avibase-97AD0B38",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/192/mode/1up","Elainea frantzii"],["13556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia frantzii ultima","Griscom, 1935","Ibis ser.13, vol.5, no.3 p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2A360A2",null,null,"San Pedro Martyr [= Martir] , Guatemala.","Critical notes on Central American Birds in the British Museum.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1935.tb02147.x","Elainea obscura ultima"],["13557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia frantzii frantzii","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"volcanoes of southern Nicaragua (Mombacho and Ometepe), and mountains of Costa Rica and western and central Panama (eastward to Panamá Oeste)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FF760B1",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/192/mode/1up","Elainea frantzii"],["13558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia frantzii browni","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and northern Colombia/northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-970DC9D2",null,null,"Pueblo Viejo, 8,000 ft., Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from Pueblo Viejo, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/184/mode/1up","Elaenia browni"],["13559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia frantzii pudica","Sclater, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.833",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (northward to Lara) and mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón and Yaracuy eastward to Sucre and northern Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ED19BE3",null,null,"Bogotá [Colombia] and Mérida [Venezuela] ; type from 'Bogotá,' fide Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 146.","Descriptions of three apparently new Species of Tyrant-birds of the Genus Elainea, with Remarks on other known Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/963/mode/1up","Elainea pudica"],["13560","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.325","Caribbean Elaenia","Caribbean Elaenia","Caribbean Elaenia",null,null,"forest edge and lowlands of coast and islands of northern and eastern Quintana Roo (eastern Yucatan Peninsula) and Belize; Cayman Islands, Mona Island (west of Puerto Rico), Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, and Aruba to Bonaire",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699259","carela1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carela1","avibase-14ED46F0",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/329/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] martinica"],["13561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica riisii","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico to Anguilla, southeastward to Antigua; Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBB7C10E",null,null,"St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.","Description of a New Tyrant-bird of the genus Elainea from the Island of Saint Thomas, West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/396/mode/1up","Elainea riisii"],["13562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica martinica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (south to Grenada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4169CBDE",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/329/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] martinica"],["13563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica barbadensis","Cory, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Barbados",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1832643",null,null,"Barbados.","An apparently new Elainea from Barbadoes, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/12/","Elainea barbadensis"],["13564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica remota","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Holbox, Mujeres, and Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula); the populations on cayes of Belize also may belong to this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A28D2C9D",null,null,"Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.","On the genus Elaenia Sundev.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/424/mode/1up","Elaenia martinica remota"],["13565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica chinchorrensis","Griscom, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.236 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Cay Island, Chinchorro Bank, off Quintana Roo (eastern Mexico), and Half Moon Caye, Belize; the subspecific identity of elaenias on other cayes off Belize is not established, and the validity of the poorly known chinchorrensis is questioned by some",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BEF8AAB",null,null,"Great Key, Chinchorro Bank, Quintana Roo, Mexico.","The ornithological results of the Mason-Spinden Expedition to Yucatan. Part 2, Chinchorro Bank and Cozumel Island.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4121/","Elainea chinchorrensis"],["13566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica cinerescens","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands (to far northwest of Colombia, off eastern Nicaragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29C84477",null,null,"Old Providence Island [Isla de Providencia, Colombia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/196/mode/1up","Elainea cinerescens"],["13567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia martinica caymanensis","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79BDF016",null,null,"Grand Cayman.","On the genus Elaenia Sundev.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/422/mode/1up","Elaenia martinica caymanensis"],["13568","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia fallax","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.1 p.76,note","Blue Mountain Elaenia","Blue Mountain Elaenia","Large Jamaican Elaenia","2025-0455","Taxon <em>cherriei </em>is split from <em>Elaenia fallax</em> based on genetic and vocal data. Rheindt et al. (2008b) showed mitochondrial DNA divergences commensurate with species-level differentiation in <em>Elaenia</em>, and cursory vocal analyses indicate diagnosable calls and diurnal songs, although more detailed bioacoustic analyses are desirable.","humid montane forest of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681452","graela3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graela3","avibase-329042B8",null,null,"Jamaica.","List of a Collection of Birds made by the late Mr. W. Osburn in Jamaica, with Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/128/mode/1up","Elainea fallax"],["13569","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Elaenia cherriei","Cory, 1895","The Auk 12, no.3 p.279","Hispaniolan Elaenia","Hispaniolan Elaenia","Hispaniolan Elaenia","2025-0455","Taxon <em>cherriei </em>is split from <em>Elaenia fallax</em> based on genetic and vocal data. Rheindt et al. (2008b) showed mitochondrial DNA divergences commensurate with species-level differentiation in <em>Elaenia</em>, and cursory vocal analyses indicate diagnosable calls and diurnal songs, although more detailed bioacoustic analyses are desirable.","humid montane forest of Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681502","graela4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graela4","avibase-A52D80A1",null,null,"Calare [= Catare] , San [= Santo] Domingo.","Description of two new species of birds from San Domingo.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss3/10/","Elainea cherriei"],["13570","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Suiriri","d'Orbigny, 1840","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 4 livr.3 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa suiriri [Vieillot, 1818]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/352/mode/1up","Suiriri"],["13571","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Suiriri suiriri","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.487","Suiriri Flycatcher","Suiriri Flycatcher","Suiriri Flycatcher",null,null,"open woodland and shrubs in the Sipaliwini savanna in southern Suriname and in the Cerrado and Caatinga from northeastern Brazil (Maranhão to Ceará) southwestward to eastern and central Bolivia and Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, southward to northern Buenos Aires and Mendoza, and only as breeder southward to northern Rio Negro; locally in the southern Amazon of Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734643","suifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suifly1","avibase-1BDDEA78",null,null,"Paraguay; restricted to Puerto Pinasco by Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1749, p. 18",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/497/mode/1up","Muscicapa suiriri"],["13572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Suiriri suiriri burmeisteri","Kirwan, Steinheimer, Raposo & Zimmer, 2014","Zootaxa 3784(3) 224-240",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of Suriname; eastern Brazil (Pará) to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B52C0089",null,null,"Rio das Pedras, São Paulo, Brazil","Nomenclatural corrections, neotype designation and new subspecies description in the genus Suiriri (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyrannidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261142659","Suiriri suiriri burmeisteri"],["13573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Suiriri suiriri bahiae","(Berlepsch, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, northeastern Bahia, and eastern Piauí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B1D9B80",null,null,"Bahia.","Diagnosen neuer südamerikanischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/26/mode/1up","Empidagra bahiae"],["13574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Suiriri suiriri suiriri","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8717A071",null,null,"Paraguay; restricted to Puerto Pinasco by Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1749, p. 18",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/497/mode/1up","Muscicapa suiriri"],["13575","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudelaenia","Lanyon, 1988","American Museum Novitates no.2914 p.21,23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Elainea leucospodia [Taczanowski, 1877]; type by monotypy",null,"A phylogeny of the thirty-two genera in the Elaenia assemblage of tyrant flycatchers.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5173/","Pseudelaenia"],["13576","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudelaenia leucospodia","(Taczanowski, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.325","Grey-and-white Tyrannulet","Gray-and-white Tyrannulet","Grey-and-white Tyrannulet",null,null,"arid scrub of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes to La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699251","gawtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gawtyr2","avibase-C4148CBF",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/423/mode/1up","Elainea leucospodia"],["13577","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Capsiempis","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa flaveola [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/64/mode/1up","Capsiempis"],["13578","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Capsiempis flaveola","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.56","Yellow Tyrannulet","Yellow Tyrannulet","Yellow Tyrannulet",null,null,"humid forest, bamboo stands, and dense thickets from eastern Honduras eastward to eastern Panama; northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward along the Río Magdalena, and from southwestern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes from northern and central Venezuela southwestward to eastern Colombia, the eastern foothills of the Andes in Ecuador, and more locally in eastern Peru; from eastern Venezuela eastward across northern Guianas to northeastern Brazil and more locally in the Amazon basin in central to eastern Brazil southward to northern Bolivia; in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Maranhão and adjacent Piauí southward to Paraná and northern Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699194","yeltyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeltyr1","avibase-C4D2BEC1",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/76/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] flaveola"],["13579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Capsiempis flaveola semiflava","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Nicaragua to east-central Panama (including Coiba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9B79E32",null,null,"near David, Chiriquí, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/197/mode/1up","Elainea semiflava"],["13580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Capsiempis flaveola cerula","Wetmore, 1939","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 98, no.4 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to northeastern Ecuador, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (northwestern Amazonas and Rio Branco eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE6636F2",null,null,"Independencia, Ocumare de la Costa, Aragua, Venezuela.","Five new races of Birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35649#page/152/mode/1up","Capsiempis flaveola cerula"],["13581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Capsiempis flaveola leucophrys","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (Magdalena Valley) to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8184B11",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/388/mode/1up","Capsiempis leucophrys"],["13582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Capsiempis flaveola magnirostris","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.3 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (Pichincha to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1347D7EB",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","On a collection of birds from North-western Ecuador, collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/507/mode/1up","Capsiempis flaveola magnirostris"],["13583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Capsiempis flaveola flaveola","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-492D12CE",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/76/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] flaveola"],["13584","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platyrhynchus brevirostris [von Spix, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 121).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/65/mode/1up","Phyllomyias"],["13585","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias virescens","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.3 text to pl.275 fig.3","Greenish Tyrannulet","Greenish Tyrannulet","Greenish Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699092","gretyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gretyr1","avibase-EF42C6C6",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Curytiba, Paraná, by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 461.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/263/mode/1up","Muscicapa virescens"],["13586","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias reiseri","Hellmayr, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.73","Reiser's Tyrannulet","Reiser's Tyrannulet","Reiser's Tyrannulet",null,null,"interior eastern Brazil (Piauí) to northeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699086","reityr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reityr1","avibase-FF3533CF",null,null,"Grotao, on the way from Santo Antonio to Santa Philomena [= Filomena], Piauí, Brazil.","On a new Tyrant from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/685/mode/1up","Phyllomyias reiseri"],["13587","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias urichi","(Chapman, 1899)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12, art.9 p.155","Urich's Tyrannulet","Urich's Tyrannulet","Urich's Tyrannulet",null,null,"far northeastern Venezuela (Sucre, Monagas, and Anzoátegui)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728377","urityr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/urityr1","avibase-42B683D1",null,null,"Quebrada Seca, Sucre, Venezuela.","Descriptions of five apparently new birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/769","Mecocerculus urichi"],["13588","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias sclateri","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.90","Sclater's Tyrannulet","Sclater's Tyrannulet","Sclater's Tyrannulet",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes from southeastern Peru southward across Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (northern Catamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699097","scltyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scltyr1","avibase-0C78B9BD",null,null,"Bueyes, near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/100/mode/1up","Phyllomyias sclateri"],["13589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias sclateri subtropicalis","(Chapman, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-826CE5DF",null,null,"San Miguel Bridge, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/298/mode/1up","Mecocerculus subtropicalis"],["13590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias sclateri sclateri","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills of Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (southward to Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75F764E3",null,null,"Bueyes, near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/100/mode/1up","Phyllomyias sclateri"],["13591","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias fasciatus","(Thunberg, 1822)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 8 p.283,285","Planalto Tyrannulet","Planalto Tyrannulet","Planalto Tyrannulet",null,null,"semi-deciduous to humid and gallery forest in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest, and locally in the eastern Amazon basin, in central Brazil (eastern Pará and northern Mato Grosso), from northeastern Brazil (Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul) southward to far northeastern Bolivia and northeastern Argentina; populations in Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul winter northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699072","platyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/platyr2","avibase-EAD28B9F",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Jaguaquara, Bahia (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43683#page/357/mode/1up","P[ipra] fasciata"],["13592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias fasciatus cearae","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Ceará and eastern Pernambuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F42360EB",null,null,"Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/480/mode/1up","Phyllomyias fasciatus cearae"],["13593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias fasciatus fasciatus","(Thunberg, 1822)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 8 p.283,285",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to southeastern Mato Grosso and southern Goiás) and far northeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47F3FD0A",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Jaguaquara, Bahia (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43683#page/357/mode/1up","P[ipra] fasciata"],["13594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias fasciatus brevirostris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.13, pl.15, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina; southern populations migrate northward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A74DE532",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/27/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus brevirostris"],["13595","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias weedeni","Herzog, Kessler & Balderrama Torrico, 2008","The Auk 125, no.2 p.265-276","Yungas Tyrannulet","Yungas Tyrannulet","Yungas Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (eastern Puno) and Bolivia (La Paz to Cochabamba)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736120","yuntyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yuntyr1","avibase-2BB17633",null,null,"Cerro Asunta Pata, 60 km.al noreste de Charazani, aprox.15°03'S, 8°29'W, Departamento La Paz, Bolivia.","A new species of tyrannulet (tyrannidae: phyllomyias) from andean foothills in northwest bolivia and adjacent peru","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/125/2/265/5148194","Phyllomyias weedeni"],["13596","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias griseiceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.841","Sooty-headed Tyrannulet","Sooty-headed Tyrannulet","Sooty-headed Tyrannulet",null,null,"eastern Panama to the Guianas and northern Brazil, in west to southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, and eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699107","sohtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sohtyr1","avibase-54373895",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo and Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador; specimen from Babahoyo claimed as type by Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 134.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/973/mode/1up","Tyranniscus griseiceps"],["13597","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias plumbeiceps","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.267","Plumbeous-crowned Tyrannulet","Plumbeous-crowned Tyrannulet","Plumbeous-crowned Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and southern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699110","plctyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plctyr1","avibase-9501B20C",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Characters of some new South American birds, with notes on other rare or little known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/283/mode/1up","Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps"],["13598","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phyllomyias griseocapilla","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.382 pl.36 fig.2","Grey-capped Tyrannulet","Gray-capped Tyrannulet","Grey-capped Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699100","gyctyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyctyr1","avibase-4EE55690",null,null,"Brazil; presumably Rio de Janeiro.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/478/mode/1up","Phyllomyias griseocapilla"],["13599","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus","Townsend, 1895","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 27, no.3 p.124",null,null,null,"2025-0457","Taxon <em>tumbezanus </em>(polytypic, including <em>inflavus</em>) and <em>maranonicus </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Nesotriccus murinus</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Zucker et al. 2016), supported by vocalizations. Previously placed in <em>Phaeomyias</em>, Zucker et al. (2016) recovered the distinctive insular <em>N. ridgwayi </em>as embedded within <em>Phaeomyias</em>, necessitating a change of genus name. Further splits may be warranted in the <em>N. murinus </em>group and uncertainty over the type locality of <em>tumbezanus </em>may have nomenclatural consequences that require resolution.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nesotriccus ridgwayi [C.H. Townsend, 1895]; type by original designation",null,"Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “ Albatross,’ during 1891, Lieut. Z. L. TANNER, U. S. N, commanding. XVII. Birds from Cocos and Malpelo Islands, with notes on Petrels obtained at Sea. By C. H. Townsend. (2 colored plates). July 1895.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91592#page/162/mode/1up","Nesotriccus"],["13600","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus maranonicus","(Zimmer, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1109 p.8","Maranon Tyrannulet","Marañon Tyrannulet",null,"2025-0457","Taxon <em>tumbezanus </em>(polytypic, including <em>inflavus</em>) and <em>maranonicus </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Nesotriccus murinus</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Zucker et al. 2016), supported by vocalizations. Previously placed in <em>Phaeomyias</em>, Zucker et al. (2016) recovered the distinctive insular <em>N. ridgwayi </em>as embedded within <em>Phaeomyias</em>, necessitating a change of genus name. Further splits may be warranted in the <em>N. murinus </em>group and uncertainty over the type locality of <em>tumbezanus </em>may have nomenclatural consequences that require resolution.","west slope of the Andes of southwestern Ecuador (Loja) and northwestern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca), and the arid tropical Marañón Valley in far southern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,"moctyr4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moctyr4","avibase-6B61BE45",null,null,"Jaen, 2,400 ft., Río Marañón, northern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 37, The genera Sublegatus, Phaeomyias[,] Camptostoma, Xanthomyias, Phyllomyias, and Tyranniscus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4794/","Phaeomyias murina maranonica"],["13601","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus tumbezanus","(Taczanowski, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.325","Tumbesian Tyrannulet","Tumbesian Tyrannulet",null,"2025-0457","Taxon <em>tumbezanus </em>(polytypic, including <em>inflavus</em>) and <em>maranonicus </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Nesotriccus murinus</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Zucker et al. 2016), supported by vocalizations. Previously placed in <em>Phaeomyias</em>, Zucker et al. (2016) recovered the distinctive insular <em>N. ridgwayi </em>as embedded within <em>Phaeomyias</em>, necessitating a change of genus name. Further splits may be warranted in the <em>N. murinus </em>group and uncertainty over the type locality of <em>tumbezanus </em>may have nomenclatural consequences that require resolution.","xeric scrub and woodland, semi-humid montane scrub from west-central Ecuador southward to western Peru, in Ancash and possibly northern Lima",null,null,null,"moctyr6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moctyr6","avibase-3F1D228C",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/423/mode/1up","Phyllomyias tumbezana"],["13602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus tumbezanus tumbezanus","(Taczanowski, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical southwestern Ecuador to northwestern Peru (southward to northeastern Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7358058",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/423/mode/1up","Phyllomyias tumbezana"],["13603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus tumbezanus inflavus","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical northwestern Peru (Lambayeque to northern Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2ECEEBC",null,null,"Viru, Trujillo, La Libertad, western Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Phaeomyias inflava"],["13604","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus ridgwayi","Townsend, 1895","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 27, no.3 p.124, pl.[2]","Cocos Tyrannulet","Cocos Tyrannulet","Cocos Tyrannulet","2025-0457","Taxon <em>tumbezanus </em>(polytypic, including <em>inflavus</em>) and <em>maranonicus </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Nesotriccus murinus</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Zucker et al. 2016), supported by vocalizations. Previously placed in <em>Phaeomyias</em>, Zucker et al. (2016) recovered the distinctive insular <em>N. ridgwayi </em>as embedded within <em>Phaeomyias</em>, necessitating a change of genus name. Further splits may be warranted in the <em>N. murinus </em>group and uncertainty over the type locality of <em>tumbezanus </em>may have nomenclatural consequences that require resolution.","Cocos Island (off western Costa Rica)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699191","cocfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocfly1","avibase-A0091FEC",null,null,"Cocos Island, Pacific Ocean [Cocos Island, Costa Rica]","Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “ Albatross,’ during 1891, Lieut. Z. L. TANNER, U. S. N, commanding. XVII. Birds from Cocos and Malpelo Islands, with notes on Petrels obtained at Sea. By C. H. Townsend. (2 colored plates). July 1895.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91592#page/162/mode/1up","Nesotriccus Ridgwayi"],["13605","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus murinus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.14, pl.16, f.2","Mouse-colored Tyrannulet","Mouse-colored Tyrannulet","Mouse-colored Tyrannulet","2025-0457","Taxon <em>tumbezanus </em>(polytypic, including <em>inflavus</em>) and <em>maranonicus </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Nesotriccus murinus</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Zucker et al. 2016), supported by vocalizations. Previously placed in <em>Phaeomyias</em>, Zucker et al. (2016) recovered the distinctive insular <em>N. ridgwayi </em>as embedded within <em>Phaeomyias</em>, necessitating a change of genus name. Further splits may be warranted in the <em>N. murinus </em>group and uncertainty over the type locality of <em>tumbezanus </em>may have nomenclatural consequences that require resolution.","Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, tropical eastern Peru to Bolivia, Amazonian and southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681893","y01204","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y01204","avibase-17E6282F",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Joazeiro [= Juazeiro] , Rio São Francisco, northern Bahia, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/28/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus murinus"],["13606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus murinus eremonomus","(Wetmore, 1953)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 122, no.8 p.7-8",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica and Panama (Chiriquí to eastern Panama Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8030AB83",null,null,"Río Santa Maria, 4 miles north of Paris, Herrera, Panama.","Further additions to the birds of Panamá and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55181#page/319/mode/1up","Phaeomyias murina eremonoma"],["13607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus murinus incomtus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA0902FE",null,null,"Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/67/mode/1up","E[lainea] incomta"],["13608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus murinus wagae","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35CA7755",null,null,"Chirimoto, 5,400 ft., Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/263/mode/1up","Myiopatis Wagae"],["13609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nesotriccus murinus murinus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.14, pl.16, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to Paraguay, northwestern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil; northern distributional limit not certain, may occur farther northward in eastern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0B463B3",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Joazeiro [= Juazeiro] , Rio São Francisco, northern Bahia, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/28/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus murinus"],["13610","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannula setophagoides [Bonaparte, 1845]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/143/mode/1up","Mecocerculus"],["13611","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus poecilocercus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.47,158","White-tailed Tyrannulet","White-tailed Tyrannulet","White-tailed Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and southern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699316","whttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttyr1","avibase-A8BB18CD",null,null,"Puellaro, 8,000 ft., Pichincha, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/170/mode/1up","Serpophaga poecilocerca"],["13612","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus hellmayri","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.358","Buff-banded Tyrannulet","Buff-banded Tyrannulet","Buff-banded Tyrannulet",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (Puno) to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699319","bubtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubtyr1","avibase-C5B7FACC",null,null,"Cocapata, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/386/mode/1up","Mecocerculus hellmayri"],["13613","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus stictopterus","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.554 pl.146 fig.2","White-banded Tyrannulet","White-banded Tyrannulet","White-banded Tyrannulet",null,null,"montane cloudforest, elfin forest and treeline in the Andes from western Venezuela southwestward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southeastward to western Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699328","whbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtyr1","avibase-15F3B9EC",null,null,"Matos [= Matus, Chimborazo] , Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/662/mode/1up","Elainia stictoptera"],["13614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus stictopterus albocaudatus","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BE3ADF5",null,null,"Páramo Zumbador, 2,600 m., Táchira, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Mecocerculus stictopterus albocaudatus"],["13615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus stictopterus stictopterus","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.554 pl.146 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC9A79B2",null,null,"Matos [= Matus, Chimborazo] , Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/662/mode/1up","Elainia stictoptera"],["13616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus stictopterus taeniopterus","Cabanis, 1874","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru to western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D044708",null,null,"central Peru; type from Maraynioc, Junín, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 397.","[Über mannichfache interessante Vögel der peruanischen Ornis, die von Herrn C. Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/110/mode/1up","Mecocerculus taeniopterus"],["13617","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.53","White-throated Tyrannulet","White-throated Tyrannulet","White-throated Tyrannulet",null,null,"montane cloudforest, elfin forest, treeline and humid montane scrub in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru, north and west of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru southeastward to northwestern Argentina, southward to La Rioja; in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela and in the tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana and northernmost Brazil, in Roraima and Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699313","whttyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttyr2","avibase-AA12C545",null,null,"Bolivia; type from Yanacache, Prov. Yungas [= Yanacachi, La Paz], fide d'Orbigny, 1840, Voy. Amér. Mérid., 4, pt. 3., Ois., p. 327","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/169/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] leucophrys"],["13618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys montensis","(Bangs, 1899)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF0A6730",null,null,"Páramo de Macotama, 11,000 ft., Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/127/mode/1up","Myiopatis montensis"],["13619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys chapmani","Dickerman, 1985","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 105 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1399AB56",null,null,"Cerro Duida, Amazonas, Venezuela.","A new subspecies of Mecocerculus leucophrys from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/298/mode/1up","Mecocerculus leucophrys chapmani"],["13620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys nigriceps","Chapman, 1899","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12, art.9 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF6B8C56",null,null,"Las Palmales, Bermúdez [= Sucre], Venezuela.","Descriptions of five apparently new birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/769","Mecocerculus nigriceps"],["13621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys notatus","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia (south to Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527AB63D",null,null,"Leonera, near Caldas, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/140/mode/1up","Mecocerculus leucophrys notatus"],["13622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys setophagoides","(Bonaparte, 1845)","Atti della Sesta Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Milano nel settembre del 1844 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-322A4801",null,null,"'Santa Fé de Bogotá,' Colombia.",null,null,"Tyrannula setophagoides"],["13623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys parui","Phelps & Phelps, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Parú in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96269B15",null,null,"Cerro Parii, 1,600 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/357/mode/1up","Mecocerculus leucophrys parui"],["13624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys rufomarginatus","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (Nariño) to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2465EC4",null,null,"Quito Valley, Ecuador.","Characters of some new South American birds, with notes on other rare or little known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/282/mode/1up","Ochthoeca rufomarginatus"],["13625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys roraimae","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.4 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical central Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2399B526",null,null,"Roraima, 6,000 ft., British Guiana [= Venezuela].","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/42/mode/1up","Mecocerculus leucophrys roraimae"],["13626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys brunneomarginatus","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of Peru (central Amazonas southward to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83C44ACC",null,null,"Cedrobamba, 12,000 ft., above Machu Picchu, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Mecocerculus setophagoides brunneomarginata"],["13627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys pallidior","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of west-central Peru (Ancash and northern Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A7945D6",null,null,"Yanac, 14,000 ft., Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Mecrocerculus leucophrys pallidior"],["13628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus leucophrys leucophrys","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate Andes of southeastern Peru to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-350F1380",null,null,"Bolivia; type from Yanacache, Prov. Yungas [= Yanacachi, La Paz], fide d'Orbigny, 1840, Voy. Amér. Mérid., 4, pt. 3., Ois., p. 327","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/169/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] leucophrys"],["13629","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus calopterus","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.142","Rufous-winged Tyrannulet","Rufous-winged Tyrannulet","Rufous-winged Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of Ecuador and northwestern Peru (southward to Lambayeque and La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699322","ruwtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwtyr1","avibase-6BE29C85",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/202/mode/1up","Formicivora caloptera"],["13630","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mecocerculus minor","(Taczanowski, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.233","Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet","Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet","Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699325","subtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subtyr1","avibase-95D9C295",null,null,"Tambillo, Cajamarca, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/317/mode/1up","Leptopogon minor"],["13631","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Culicivora","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa stenura [Temminck, 1822]; type by original designation = Muscicapa caudacuta Vieillot, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/387/mode/1up","Culicivora"],["13632","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Culicivora caudacuta","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.455","Sharp-tailed Grass Tyrant","Sharp-tailed Tyrant","Sharp-tailed Tyrant",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to south-central Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699415","shttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shttyr1","avibase-6F253FCF",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/465/mode/1up","Muscicapa caudacuta"],["13633","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudocolopteryx","Lillo, 1905","Revista de Letras y Ciencias Sociales, Tucumán 3 p.38,45",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus [Lillo, 1905]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Pseudocolopteryx"],["13634","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudocolopteryx sclateri","(Oustalet, 1892)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin ser.3, vol.4 p.217","Crested Doradito","Crested Doradito","Crested Doradito",null,null,"southern Venezuela to Trinidad, Guyana, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699427","credor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/credor1","avibase-1CE408B6",null,null,"Chile; error, Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina suggested by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 361.","Notice sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de la Collection ornithologique du Muséum d'histoire naturelle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121482#page/229/mode/1up","Anaeretes sclateri"],["13635","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.1 p.187","Subtropical Doradito","Subtropical Doradito","Subtropical Doradito",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Argentina (south to La Rioja)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699430","subdor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subdor1","avibase-72A61A24",null,null,"'Columbia int.; Peruvia alta'; type is a Bogotá trade-skin, probably from Central Andes of Colombia.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part VI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/255/mode/1up","Hapalocercus acutipennis"],["13636","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudocolopteryx dinelliana","Lillo, 1905","Revista de Letras y Ciencias Sociales, Tucumán 3 p.48","Dinelli's Doradito","Dinelli's Doradito","Dinelli's Doradito",null,null,"locally in northern Argentina; winters to southern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and southwestern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699433","dindor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dindor2","avibase-5366CBA4",null,null,"environs of Tucumán, Argentina.",null,null,"Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus"],["13637","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.55","Warbling Doradito","Warbling Doradito","Warbling Doradito",null,null,"far southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Uruguay, and eastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736488","wardor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wardor1","avibase-F9F05396",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/171/mode/1up","A[lecturus] flaviventris"],["13638","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pseudocolopteryx citreola","(Landbeck, 1864)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 24 p.338","Ticking Doradito","Ticking Doradito","Ticking Doradito",null,null,"breeds central Chile, and western Argentina; winters northward to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736493","ticdor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ticdor1","avibase-74F4A6E7",null,null,"Valle del Mapocho, abajo de Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202662#page/358/mode/1up","Arundinicola citreola"],["13639","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Polystictus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platyrhynchus minimus [Gould, 1839]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 54). = Sylvia pectoralis Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/157/mode/1up","Polystictus"],["13640","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Polystictus superciliaris","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.953","Grey-backed Tachuri","Gray-backed Tachuri","Grey-backed Tachuri",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (central Bahia to Minas Gerais and northern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699423","gybtac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybtac1","avibase-AECDB141",null,null,"border of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil; restricted to Vallo [= Vale] Fundo, southern Bahia, by Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit, no. 1749, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/975/mode/1up","E[uscarthmus] superciliaris"],["13641","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Polystictus pectoralis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.210","Bearded Tachuri","Bearded Tachuri","Bearded Tachuri",null,null,"savanna with scattered shrubs, tall grasslands in the savanna of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, the Guiana Shield in southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northernmost Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, and northern Pará), and from southern Mato Grosso, Distrito Federal, southern Goiás and Minas Gerais westward to Paraguay and eastern Bolivia and southward to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, as breeder southward to southern Buenos Aires and La Pampa; extinct from the Andes of eastern and western Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699420","beatac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beatac1","avibase-5439BFE4",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/224/mode/1up","Sylvia pectoralis"],["13642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Polystictus pectoralis bogotensis","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.646",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Cauca Valley and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A461268",null,null,"Suba, Savannah de Bogotá, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Habrura pectoralis bogotensis"],["13643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Polystictus pectoralis brevipennis","(Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51C4CFFD",null,null,"Quiribana de Caicara, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/60/mode/1up","Habrura pectoralis brevipennis"],["13644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Polystictus pectoralis pectoralis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B419084",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/224/mode/1up","Sylvia pectoralis"],["13645","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 3 pt9 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Serpophaga albocoronata [Gould, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 50). = Muscicapa straminea Temminck, 1822  ",null,null,null,"Serpophaga"],["13646","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga nigricans","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.204","Sooty Tyrannulet","Sooty Tyrannulet","Sooty Tyrannulet",null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to central Argentina, eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699334","sootyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sootyr1","avibase-73946059",null,null,"Paraguay and Río de la Plata; restricted to Paraguay (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/218/mode/1up","Sylvia nigricans"],["13647","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga cinerea","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.276","Torrent Tyrannulet","Torrent Tyrannulet","Torrent Tyrannulet",null,null,"rocky mountain streams of Costa Rica and western Panama, and mountain streams of Colombia and Venezuela to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699331","tortyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tortyr1","avibase-F42A1296",null,null,"Peru; type from vicinity of Tarma, Junín, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 385.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/284/mode/1up","L[eptopogon] cinereus"],["13648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga cinerea grisea","Lawrence, 1871","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"rocky mountain streams of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF9CF44E",null,null,"near San Jose, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of three new species of American birds, with a note on Eugenes spectabilis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/159/mode/1up","Serpophaga grisea"],["13649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga cinerea cinerea","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"mountain streams of Colombia and Venezuela to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB1CA725",null,null,"Peru; type from vicinity of Tarma, Junín, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 385.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/284/mode/1up","L[eptopogon] cinereus"],["13650","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga griseicapilla","Straneck, 2008","Revista FAVE – Ciencias Veterinarias 6 p.36","Straneck's Tyrannulet","Straneck's Tyrannulet","Straneck's Tyrannulet",null,null,"Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736536","gyctyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyctyr2","avibase-F0D27274",null,null,"Misión Nueva Pompeya, Chaco, Argentina.","Una nueva especie de Serpophaga (Aves: Tyrannidae).","https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/FAVEveterinaria/article/view/1440/0","Serpophaga griseicapilla"],["13651","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga hypoleuca","Sclater & Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.188","River Tyrannulet","River Tyrannulet","River Tyrannulet",null,null,"young successional scrub in river islands and large river edges in the Río Orinoco from northeastern Venezuela westward to easternmost Colombia and in the Amazon River and main tributaries from northeastern Ecuador (Río Napo) southward to eastern Peru (Río Ucayali), eastward along the Amazon River to northeastern Brazil and southward along the Rio Madeira to northern Bolivia and southeastern Peru, and along the Rio Tocantins and Rio Araguaia to interior Brazil, in western Tocantins",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699337","rivtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rivtyr1","avibase-9132B347",null,null,"lower Río Ucayali; restricted to near Sarayacu, Peru (J. T. Z.).","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/246/mode/1up","Serpophaga hypoleuca"],["13652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga hypoleuca venezuelana","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1095 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Venezuela (Apure, Anzoátegui, and northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF53E841",null,null,"Caicara, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 35, Notes on the genera Phylloscartes, Euscarthmus, Pseudocolopteryx, Tachuris, Spizitornis, Yanacea, Uromyias, Stigmatura, Serpophaga, and Mecocerculus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4805/","Serpophaga hypoleuca venezuelana"],["13653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga hypoleuca hypoleuca","Sclater & Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFA2C410",null,null,"lower Río Ucayali; restricted to near Sarayacu, Peru (J. T. Z.).","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/246/mode/1up","Serpophaga hypoleuca"],["13654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga hypoleuca pallida","Snethlage, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil and south of the Amazon River (lower Rio Tapajós and Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EE9F324",null,null,"Alcobaga, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/212/mode/1up","Serpophaga pallida"],["13655","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga subcristata","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.229","White-crested Tyrannulet","White-crested Tyrannulet","White-crested Tyrannulet","2025-0459","Taxon <em>munda </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Serpophaga subcristata</em> based on genetics and vocalizations. Limited genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and mitochondrial DNA data (Rheindt et al. 2008c) indicate that <em>munda </em>and <em>subcristata </em>are only recently diverged, with an absence of consistent vocal differences between them (Straneck 1993; Krabbe 2015; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020).","deciduous to semi-humid woodland, gallery forest, and semiarid montane scrub in Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil (eastern Maranhão to Rio Grande do Norte) southward through eastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and central Argentina (to Río Negro); southern populations winter northward, to northwestern Bolivia and south-central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103681997","y01036","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y01036","avibase-CD09F29F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/245/mode/1up","Sylvia subcristata"],["13656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga subcristata straminea","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.28, vol.3 text to pl.167 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Piauí and Bahia) to Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84EBEF91",null,null,"Brazil; Ipanema, São Paulo (Natterer coll.), fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 382.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/255/mode/1up","Muscicapa straminea"],["13657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga subcristata subcristata","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso), Paraguay, and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CD5AB12",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/245/mode/1up","Sylvia subcristata"],["13658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Serpophaga subcristata munda","Berlepsch, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"western Bolivia to western Paraguay, far southwestern Brazil, and western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB0C5293",null,null,"Bolivia alta (Samaipata, Valle Grande, Olguin); restricted to Samaipata, Santa Cruz by Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1749, p. 14.","Diagnosen neuer südamerikanischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/26/mode/1up","Serpophaga munda"],["13659","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Uromyias","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Euscarthmus agilis [Sclater, PL, 1856]; type by original designation",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/392/mode/1up","Uromyias"],["13660","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Uromyias agilis","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.28 pl.118","Agile Tit-Tyrant","Agile Tit-Tyrant","Agile Tit-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to far western Venezuela and Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699369","agitit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/agitit1","avibase-636DC349",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/62/mode/1up","Euscarthmus agilis"],["13661","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Uromyias agraphia","(Chapman, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.263","Unstreaked Tit-Tyrant","Unstreaked Tit-Tyrant","Unstreaked Tit-tyrant",null,null,"humid montane forest and treeline in the eastern Andes of Peru from the northern Amazonas southward to Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699376","unstit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unstit1","avibase-D3F80AF3",null,null,"Idma, 9,000 ft., near Santa Ana, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/299/mode/1up","Anaeretes agraphia"],["13662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Uromyias agraphia agraphia","(Chapman, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cordillera Vilcanota and Urubamba Valley of Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAC1CF67",null,null,"Idma, 9,000 ft., near Santa Ana, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/299/mode/1up","Anaeretes agraphia"],["13663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Uromyias agraphia plengei","(Schulenberg & Graham, 1981)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Cordillera de Colán in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5781F93A",null,null,"Cordillera Colán, 5°34'S, 78°19'W, Amazonas, Perú.","A new subspecies of Anairetes agraphia (Tyrannidae) from northern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/12/mode/1up","Anairetes agraphia plengei"],["13664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Uromyias agraphia squamiger","O'Neill & Parker, 1976","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 96 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (Carpish Mountains in eastern La Libertad and Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D039252D",null,null,"Bosque Cutirragra, 2,775 m., south of Huaylaspampa, Huánuco, Peru.","New subspecies of Schizoeaca fuliginosa and Uromyias agraphia from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126874#page/174/mode/1up","Uromyias agraphia squamigera"],["13665","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxvi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa parulus [von Kittlitz, 1830]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 106).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/155/mode/1up","Anairetes"],["13666","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes nigrocristatus","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.555","Black-crested Tit-Tyrant","Black-crested Tit-Tyrant","Black-crested Tit-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of far southern Ecuador and western Peru (southward to Pasco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699387","bkctit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkctit1","avibase-3F9E2867",null,null,"Chota, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/565/mode/1up","Anaeretes nigrocristatus"],["13667","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes reguloides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.57","Pied-crested Tit-Tyrant","Pied-crested Tit-Tyrant","Pied-crested Tit-tyrant",null,null,"lowland riparian thickets and scrub, montane scrub and woodland in western Peru, from southern Lambayeque southward to far northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699393","pcttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pcttyr1","avibase-887106AC",null,null,"Tacna, Peru.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/173/mode/1up","C[ulicivora] reguloides"],["13668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes reguloides albiventris","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of western Peru (Ancash to Ica and western Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01DF1BBE",null,null,"Huaral, Lima, Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Spizitornis reguloides albiventris"],["13669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes reguloides reguloides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Peru (southern Ayacucho) to far northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-643E71D7",null,null,"Tacna, Peru.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/173/mode/1up","C[ulicivora] reguloides"],["13670","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes alpinus","(Carriker, 1933)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.28 fig.2,3,4,5","Ash-breasted Tit-Tyrant","Ash-breasted Tit-Tyrant","Ash-breasted Tit-tyrant",null,null,"Polylepis and Gynoxys woodland sparsely in the Andes of central Peru (Ancash, adjacent Huánuco and locally in Junín), southeastern Peru (Cusco, Apurimac and Arequipa), and western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699383","abttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abttyr1","avibase-6B005E46",null,null,"Yanac, 15,000 ft., Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Yanacea alpina"],["13671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes alpinus alpinus","(Carriker, 1933)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.28 fig.2,3,4,5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (northern Ancash, Apurímac, and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DE2CF7A",null,null,"Yanac, 15,000 ft., Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Yanacea alpina"],["13672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes alpinus bolivianus","(Carriker, 1935)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DF96DFC",null,null,"Kilometer 50, 13,500 ft., Yungas railway, La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Yanacea alpina boliviana"],["13673","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes flavirostris","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.355","Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant","Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant","Yellow-billed Tit-tyrant",null,null,"breeds northern Peru (Piura southward through inter-Andean valleys of the Marañón, Huallaga, Apurímac, and Urubamba rivers to Cusco), and along the west slope of the Andes from Ancash to Tacna, thence through Bolivia (La Paz to Tarija), and in Argentina (Jujuy to northern Chubut); southernmost birds in Argentina migrate north, reaching Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, and Santa Fe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699397","ybttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ybttyr1","avibase-7C1ABA06",null,null,"Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/443/mode/1up","Anaeretes flavirostris"],["13674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes flavirostris huancabambae","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of northwestern Peru southward to Huánuco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0815A93D",null,null,"Huancabamba, 6,500 ft., Piura, northern Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Spizitornis flavirostris huancabambae"],["13675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes flavirostris arequipae","(Chapman, 1926)","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Lima) to northwestern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CED7436",null,null,"Arequipa, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Spizitornis flavirostris arequipae"],["13676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes flavirostris cuzcoensis","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9E6C29F",null,null,"Cuzco, Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Spizitornis flavirostris cuzcoensis"],["13677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes flavirostris flavirostris","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Puno) to Bolivia, northern Chile, and western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F85BFF36",null,null,"Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/443/mode/1up","Anaeretes flavirostris"],["13678","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes fernandezianus","(Philippi, 1857)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 23, bd.1 p.265","Juan Fernandez Tit-Tyrant","Juan Fernandez Tit-Tyrant","Juan Fernandez Tit-tyrant",null,null,"Robinson Crusoe Island (Juan Fernández Islands, far off southern Chile)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699401","jfttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jfttyr1","avibase-DD908FC1",null,null,"Juan Fernandez, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31530#page/273/mode/1up","Culicivora fernandeziana"],["13679","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes parulus","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.190 pl.9","Tufted Tit-Tyrant","Tufted Tit-Tyrant","Tufted Tit-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699406","tuttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tuttyr1","avibase-2B0C9AD5",null,null,"Concepcion and Valparaiso, Chile; type reported to be from Valparaiso, fide Chrostowski, 1921, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 1, p. 17.",null,null,"Muscicapa Parulus"],["13680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes parulus aequatorialis","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3, no.20 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia to northern Argentina (Salta and Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A99B76BF",null,null,"Ceche, Chimborazo, western Ecuador.","Deuxième liste des Oiseaux recueillis dans l'Ecuadeur occidental par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/376/mode/1up","Anaeretes parulus aequatorialis"],["13681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes parulus patagonicus","(Hellmayr, 1920)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 85, abt.A p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"western Argentina (southern Mendoza to northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-988EB880",null,null,"Neuquen, Terr. Neuquen, western Argentina.","Ein Beitrag zur Ornithologie von Südost-Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163171#page/331/mode/1up","Spizitornis parulus patagonicus"],["13682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Anairetes parulus parulus","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.190 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Chile and southwestern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-227AB7A3",null,null,"Concepcion and Valparaiso, Chile; type reported to be from Valparaiso, fide Chrostowski, 1921, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 1, p. 17.",null,null,"Muscicapa Parulus"],["13683","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon","Gray, 1855","Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum p.146",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Platyrhynchus ruficauda [von Spix, 1825]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57406#page/158/mode/1up","Ramphotrigon"],["13684","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon megacephalum","(Swainson, 1835)","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil 4 pl.47","Large-headed Flatbill","Large-headed Flatbill","Large-headed Flatbill",null,null,"patchily in bamboo-dominated humid forest of northwestern Venezuela and southern Guyana (local), the Magdalena Valley of central Colombia (Caldas and Antioquia), the Amazon basin in southern Venezuela southward to southeastern Ecuador, southeastern Peru, Bolivia, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil mostly south of the Amazon River, eastward to western Maranhão and Tocantins, and the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil from southern Bahia southward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil (Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700464","lahfla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lahfla2","avibase-3955CDE6",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to São Paulo by Hellmayr, 1903, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, p. 206.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/199/mode/1up","Tyrannula megacephala"],["13685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon megacephalum pectorale","Zimmer & Phelps, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1338 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Amazonas), southeastern Colombia, and eastern Ecuador, and probably also adjacent Brazil and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB76D40E",null,null,"Sierra Parima [= Sierra de Curupira, fide Phelps and Phelps, Jr, 1963, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 24(104-105), p. 2121, 540 m., headwaters of Río Siapa, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5153/","Ramphotrigon megacephala pectoralis"],["13686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon megacephalum venezuelense","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (western Trujillo, western Apure, western Barinas, northeastern Yaracuy, and northern Aragua), and probably to adjacent Colombia; also, possibly this race, Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-301CDD26",null,null,"Ciudad Bolivia, 150 m., Barinas, Venzuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Ramphotrigon megacephala venezuelensis"],["13687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon megacephalum bolivianum","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1045 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Ucayali, Cusco, Madre de Dios, and northern Puno), Brazil (Amazonas and Pará southward to Acre, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso), and northern Bolivia (Pando to northeastern Cochabamba and northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5879C1B8",null,null,"Mission San Antonio [= San Antonio del Chimore] , 1,300 ft., Río Chimore, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 33, The genera Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus with further notes on Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4829/","Ramphotrigon megacephala boliviana"],["13688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon megacephalum megacephalum","(Swainson, 1835)","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil 4 pl.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Paraguay (Canindeyú and Alto Paraná), northeastern Argentina (Misiones), and southeastern Brazil (eastern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo southward to São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C1CE01D",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to São Paulo by Hellmayr, 1903, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, p. 206.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/199/mode/1up","Tyrannula megacephala"],["13689","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon ruficauda","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.9, pl.11, f.1","Rufous-tailed Flatbill","Rufous-tailed Flatbill","Rufous-tailed Flatbill",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700476","rutfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfla1","avibase-2197445D",null,null,"'in sylvis fl. Amazonum'; restricted to mouth of Rio Madeira by Gyldenstolpe, 1945, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., ser. 3, 22(3), p. 246.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/23/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus ruficauda"],["13690","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon flammulatum","(Lawrence, 1875)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11(1876) p.71,72","Flammulated Flycatcher","Flammulated Flycatcher","Flammulated Flycatcher","2025-0473","Taxon <em>flammulatum </em>is placed in the genus <em>Ramphotrigon </em>based on mitochondrial DNA (Lavinia et al. 2020) and genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) that show it to be embedded within <em>Ramphotrigon</em>.","Pacific lowlands of western Mexico (Sinaloa to western Chiapas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700461","flafly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flafly1","avibase-E8E65DD3",null,null,"Cacoprieto, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/93/mode/1up","Myiarchus flammulatus"],["13691","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ramphotrigon fuscicauda","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.5","Dusky-tailed Flatbill","Dusky-tailed Flatbill","Dusky-tailed Flatbill",null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700473","dutfla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dutfla1","avibase-872F0AA9",null,null,"lower Río Suno, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Ramphotrigon fuscicauda"],["13692","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sirystes","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa sibilator [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/83/mode/1up","Sirystes"],["13693","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sirystes albogriseus","(Lawrence, 1863)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.9","Choco Sirystes","Choco Sirystes","Choco Sirystes",null,null,"eastern Panama (Veraguas) to northwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682304","siryst3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siryst3","avibase-33EB2398",null,null,"along line of Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill (McLeannon Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1889, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 2, p. 47.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 4.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/29/mode/1up","Lipaugus albogriseus"],["13694","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sirystes subcanescens","Todd, 1920","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.72","Todd's Sirystes","Todd's Sirystes","Todd's Sirystes",null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (north of the Amazon River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682324","todsir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/todsir1","avibase-848755FA",null,null,"upper Rocana [?sp.] , northern Pará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/96/mode/1up","Sirystes albocinereus subcanescens"],["13695","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sirystes albocinereus","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.156","White-rumped Sirystes","White-rumped Sirystes","White-rumped Sirystes",null,null,"western Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to southwestern Brazil and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682320","whrsir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsir1","avibase-524DE233",null,null,"upper Amazon; Sarayacu, Ecuador; Colombia; type from 'Bogotá,' Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 120.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/220/mode/1up","Syristes albocinereus"],["13696","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sirystes sibilator","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.457","Sibilant Sirystes","Sibilant Sirystes","Sibilant Sirystes",null,null,"humid to dry forest and woodland from the southern Amazon basin in eastern Brazil (eastern Pará and Maranhão) southward across the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of interior Brazil to Mato Grosso, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and northern Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil); southernmost populations winter northward to eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682292","sibsir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibsir1","avibase-BC92F381",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/467/mode/1up","Muscicapa sibilator"],["13697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sirystes sibilator sibilator","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33FA72A6",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/467/mode/1up","Muscicapa sibilator"],["13698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sirystes sibilator atimastus","Oberholser, 1902","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1276 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DD175CC",null,null,"Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Some new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/86/mode/1up","Sirystes sibilator atimastus"],["13699","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Casiornis","des Murs, 1856","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.55",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Casiornis typus [Des Murs, 1856]; type by monotypy = Thamnophilus rufus Vieillot, 1816",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/225/mode/1up","Casiornis"],["13700","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Casiornis rufus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.316","Rufous Casiornis","Rufous Casiornis","Rufous Casiornis",null,null,"southeastern Peru to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700357","rufcas2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcas2","avibase-B172A418",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/336/mode/1up","Thamnophilus rufus"],["13701","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Casiornis fuscus","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.57,159","Ash-throated Casiornis","Ash-throated Casiornis","Ash-throated Casiornis",null,null,"Caatinga and scrub of northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700365","astcas2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astcas2","avibase-4E1780CD",null,null,"Bahia; restricted to Vila Nova de Rainha by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 23.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/171/mode/1up","Casiornis fusca"],["13702","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tyrannus calcaratus [Swainson, 1826]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49). = Muscicapa simplex M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/151/mode/1up","Rhytipterna"],["13703","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna immunda","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.57,159","Pale-bellied Mourner","Pale-bellied Mourner","Pale-bellied Mourner",null,null,"eastern Colombia to Suriname, French Guiana, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700380","pabmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabmou1","avibase-540609E5",null,null,"Oyapoc, Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/171/mode/1up","Lipaugus immundus"],["13704","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna simplex","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.53","Greyish Mourner","Grayish Mourner","Greyish Mourner",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas, westward to eastern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz) and east-central Brazil (western Tocantins and northwestern Goiás), and disjunctly in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (Paraíba southward to São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700376","gramou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gramou1","avibase-DB5BFD24",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/73/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] simplex"],["13705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna simplex frederici","(Bangs & Penard, 1918)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (east of Andes) to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92AB6455",null,null,"vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/89/mode/1up","Lipaugus simplex frederici"],["13706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna simplex simplex","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Alagoas to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-032A3189",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/73/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] simplex"],["13707","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna holerythra","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300","Rufous Mourner","Rufous Mourner","Rufous Mourner",null,null,"humid forest of lowlands of Caribbean slope from central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca southward through Nicaragua, thence both slopes from Costa Rica through Panama to north-central Colombia and west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700373","rufmou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufmou1","avibase-229BCEE1",null,null,"Choctum, Verapaz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Lipaugus holerythrus"],["13708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna holerythra holerythra","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3543A6B",null,null,"Choctum, Verapaz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/382/mode/1up","Lipaugus holerythrus"],["13709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Rhytipterna holerythra rosenbergi","(Hartert, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (southern Chocó and Nariño) to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB2D3A2D",null,null,"Río Dagua, western Colombia.","On three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/36/mode/1up","Lipaugus holerythrus rosenbergi"],["13710","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus","Cabanis, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa ferox [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/280/mode/1up","Myiarchus"],["13711","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus semirufus","Sclater & Salvin, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.138 pl.11","Rufous Flycatcher","Rufous Flycatcher","Rufous Flycatcher",null,null,"arid coastal northwestern Peru (Tumbes to northern Lima)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700393","ruffly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruffly1","avibase-65D6284F",null,null,"Pacasmayo, Peru.","On the Collection of Birds made by Prof. Steere in South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/202/mode/1up","Myiarchus semirufus"],["13712","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus swainsoni","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.72","Swainson's Flycatcher","Swainson's Flycatcher","Swainson's Flycatcher",null,null,"southern Venezuela and the Guianas to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil (northward to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro); winters in northern South America, from eastern Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad eastward and southward to Paraíba, Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700405","swafly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swafly1","avibase-EF21F7B5",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Todd, 1922, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 35, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/80/mode/1up","M[yiarchus] Swainsoni"],["13713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus swainsoni phaeonotus","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela and the Guianas to lower Amazonian Brazil (upper Rio Negro and Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04E2B0AC",null,null,"Merume Mountains, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/255/mode/1up","Myiarchus phaeonotus"],["13714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus swainsoni pelzelni","Berlepsch, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia eastward, along the southern and eastern borders of Amazonia, to eastern Brazil, from eastern Pará to Ceará, southward to Minas Gerais",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C3768B0",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds from Bahia, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/179/mode/1up","Myiarchus pelzelni"],["13715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus swainsoni ferocior","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.162 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern Bolivia (southwestern Santa Cruz southward to Tarija) and western Paraguay southward to central Argentina (La Pampa and Buenos Aires); winters in western Amazonia, from southern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BED5D317",null,null,"San Javier, Tucumán, Argentina.","[Neue Arten aus unbekannten Gebietes Nordargentiniens].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/226/mode/1up","Myiarchus ferocior"],["13716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus swainsoni swainsoni","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil (northward to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro); winters in northern South America, from eastern Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad eastward and southward to Paraíba, Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D9C0F26",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Todd, 1922, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 35, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/80/mode/1up","M[yiarchus] Swainsoni"],["13717","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus barbirostris","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.367","Sad Flycatcher","Sad Flycatcher","Sad Flycatcher",null,null,"open woodland and montane forest of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700402","sadfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sadfly1","avibase-D0DB8932",null,null,"Mexico; error, type from Jamaica, fide Sclater, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 85.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/383/mode/1up","Tyrannula barbirostris"],["13718","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.43","Dusky-capped Flycatcher","Dusky-capped Flycatcher","Dusky-capped Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico, eastern Mexico (Nuevo León) to west-central Peru and northeastern Colombia, and widespread east of Andes to Guianas and northwestern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700399","ducfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducfly","avibase-3D57A982",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/159/mode/1up","T[yrannus] tuberculifer"],["13719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer olivascens","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico; winters to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A8767FA",null,null,"Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/163/mode/1up","Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens"],["13720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer lawrenceii","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[5], pl.2, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Nuevo León) to highlands of Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB1B807F",null,null,"Texas; error, Nuevo Leon, Mexico designated by Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 159, p. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/19/mode/1up","Muscicapa lawrenceii"],["13721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer querulus","Nelson, 1904","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (southern Sinaloa to Oaxaca); Tres Marias Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B03A0F32",null,null,"Los Reyes, Michoacan, Mexico.","Revision of the North American mainland species of Myiarchus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/63/mode/1up","Myiarchus lawrencei querulus"],["13722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer platyrhynchus","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula of southeastern Mexico); winter range unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EDD867D",null,null,"Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/379/mode/1up","Myiarchus platyrhynchus"],["13723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer manens","Parkes, 1982","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 51 p.1-16",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula); intergrades in the southern part of its range with connectens",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D55EA7B",null,null,"ca. 20 km E of Chicxulub Puerto, Yucatán, México","Parallel geographic variation in three Myiarchus flycatchers in the Yucatan Penninsula and adjacent areas (Aves: Tyrannidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216359#page/23/mode/1up","Myiarchus tuberculifer manens"],["13724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer connectens","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Guatemala to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F2A4D47",null,null,"Las Cahas, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Myiarchus lawrenceii connectens"],["13725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer littoralis","Zimmer, 1953","American Museum Novitates no.1605 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of southeastern Honduras to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9D5DE1F",null,null,"El Zapotal, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.","Notes on tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4929/","Myiarchus tuberculifer littoralis"],["13726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer nigricapillus","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.52 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Nicaragua to Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5E32F13",null,null,"Costa Rica; restricted to Bonilla, Costa Rica by Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer. Mus. Novit.,, no. 159, p. 7.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 81-96.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/266/mode/1up","M[yiarchus] nigricapillus"],["13727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer brunneiceps","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95E6C514",null,null,"along line of Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill (McLeannon Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1889, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 2, p. 96.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 2.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/347/mode/1up","M[yiarchus] brunneiceps"],["13728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer pallidus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to northern and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A68DDAEE",null,null,"Las Trincheras, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Myiarchus tuberculifer pallidus"],["13729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer tuberculifer","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Trinidad, Suriname, and Amazonian Brazil; southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCA88B58",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/159/mode/1up","T[yrannus] tuberculifer"],["13730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer nigriceps","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C4BDA83",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/102/mode/1up","Myiarchus nigriceps"],["13731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tuberculifer atriceps","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.162 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador to eastern Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCC45AD9",null,null,"San Xavier, Tucumán, Argentina.","[Neue Arten aus unbekannten Gebietes Nordargentiniens].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/227/mode/1up","Myiarchus atriceps"],["13732","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus venezuelensis","Lawrence, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.38","Venezuelan Flycatcher","Venezuelan Flycatcher","Venezuelan Flycatcher",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela; Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700408","venfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/venfly1","avibase-A1288AF2",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Lago de Valencia, Carabobo by Phelps and Phelps, 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12(75), p. 161.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Paridae, Vireonidae, Tyrannidae and Trochilidae, with a note on Myiarchus Panamensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/46/mode/1up","Myiarchus venezuelensis"],["13733","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus apicalis","Sclater & Salvin, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.18 p.269","Apical Flycatcher","Apical Flycatcher","Apical Flycatcher",null,null,"arid scrub of Colombia (west of the eastern Andes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700424","apifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apifly1","avibase-AA902955",null,null,"Bogotá; restricted to Honda, Tolima, Colombia (J. T. Z.).","Descriptions of some new Species of South-American Birds of the families Tyrannidae and Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/315/mode/1up","Myiarchus apicalis"],["13734","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus cephalotes","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.671","Pale-edged Flycatcher","Pale-edged Flycatcher","Pale-edged Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Carabobo eastward to the Paría Peninsula), the Andes of western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba and western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700418","paefly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paefly1","avibase-C7D1E218",null,null,"Paltaypampa and Ropaybamba, central Peru, and Tambillo, northern Peru; type from Tambillo, fide Zimmer, 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 994, p. 15.","Description d'un nouveau Tyrannide péruvien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/449/mode/1up","Myiarchus cephalotes"],["13735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus cephalotes caribbaeus","Hellmayr, 1925","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1, no.9 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Trujillo and Lara to Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-539E821B",null,null,"Galipán, 6,000 ft., Cerro del Avila, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.","Über einen neuen Tyranniden aus Venezuela.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Anzeiger-Ornith-Ges-Bayerns_1_9_0073-0074.pdf","Myiarchus cephalotes caribbaeus"],["13736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus cephalotes cephalotes","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.671",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-169A63B9",null,null,"Paltaypampa and Ropaybamba, central Peru, and Tambillo, northern Peru; type from Tambillo, fide Zimmer, 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 994, p. 15.","Description d'un nouveau Tyrannide péruvien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/449/mode/1up","Myiarchus cephalotes"],["13737","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus phaeocephalus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.281","Sooty-crowned Flycatcher","Sooty-crowned Flycatcher","Sooty-crowned Flycatcher",null,null,"dry forest, woodland, and scrub in western Ecuador (from southern Esmeraldas) southward to northwestern Peru, and far southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru eastward across the Marañón Valley (to Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700421","socfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socfly2","avibase-A5894F7C",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/363/mode/1up","Myiarchus phaeocephalus"],["13738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus phaeocephalus phaeocephalus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (south to Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F07EC92E",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/363/mode/1up","Myiarchus phaeocephalus"],["13739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus phaeocephalus interior","Zimmer, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.994 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Marañón Valley of far southern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DF5CB64",null,null,"Perico, Río Chinchipe, northern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 29, The genera Myiarchus, Mitrephanes, and Cnemotriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3870/","Myiarchus phaeocephalus interior"],["13740","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus panamensis","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.284,285","Panama Flycatcher","Panama Flycatcher","Panama Flycatcher",null,null,"mangroves and other woodland types of lowlands to hills on Pacific slope from northwestern to southwestern Costa Rica, both slopes of Panama northward to northwestern Venezuela and southward west of Andes to far northwestern Ecuador, and in inter-Andean valleys of northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700411","panfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/panfly1","avibase-2A2A4A6F",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Myiarchus and Phlogopsis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/304/mode/1up","Myiarchus panamensis"],["13741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus panamensis actiosus","Ridgway, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of Pacific coast of northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3077906E",null,null,"Pigres, mouth of Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/152/mode/1up","Myiarchus ferox actiosus"],["13742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus panamensis panamensis","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.284,285",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica to far northwestern Ecuador and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E8F9411",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Myiarchus and Phlogopsis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/304/mode/1up","Myiarchus panamensis"],["13743","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus ferox","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.934","Short-crested Flycatcher","Short-crested Flycatcher","Short-crested Flycatcher",null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia to Venezuela and Guyana, and tropical southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, the Guianas, and northern Brazil to southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700415","shcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shcfly1","avibase-825CACEF",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/435/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] ferox"],["13744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus ferox brunnescens","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia to Venezuela and Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F9ABFB1",null,null,"Guasdualito, 200 m., Apure, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Myiarchus ferox brunnescens"],["13745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus ferox ferox","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.934",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F16A3BF",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/435/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] ferox"],["13746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus ferox australis","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06A3983E",null,null,"Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/191/mode/1up","Myiarchus ferox australis"],["13747","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus validus","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.351","Rufous-tailed Flycatcher","Rufous-tailed Flycatcher","Rufous-tailed Flycatcher",null,null,"wooded hills and mountains of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700446","rutfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfly1","avibase-DBD0D60A",null,null,"West Indian island [= Jamaica] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/359/mode/1up","M[yiarchus] validus"],["13748","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus yucatanensis","Lawrence, 1871","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23 p.235,236","Yucatan Flycatcher","Yucatan Flycatcher","Yucatan Flycatcher",null,null,"dry forest and humid forest edge of lowland Yucatan Peninsula including Cozumel, southward to Peten (northern Guatemala) and northern Belize",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700396","yucfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yucfly1","avibase-E920B48D",null,null,"Yucatan, Mexico; type from Mérida, Yucatan, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 169.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Troglodytidae and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28117#page/235/mode/1up","Myiarchus yucatanensis"],["13749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus yucatanensis yucatanensis","Lawrence, 1871","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23 p.235,236",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (far eastern Tabasco and northern and central Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB0112C9",null,null,"Yucatan, Mexico; type from Mérida, Yucatan, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 169.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Troglodytidae and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28117#page/235/mode/1up","Myiarchus yucatanensis"],["13750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus yucatanensis lanyoni","Parkes & Phillips, 1967","The Condor 69, no.1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula of eastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-601FE414",null,null,"ca. 12 km. southwest of San Miguel, Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.","A new subspecies of the Yucatán Flycatcher, Myiarchus yucatanensis.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol69/iss1/8/","Myiarchus yucatanensis lanyoni"],["13751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus yucatanensis navai","Parkes, 1982","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 51 p.1-16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Quintana Roo) to northern Belize and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2F78A1F",null,null,"8 km NNE of Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México","Parallel geographic variation in three Myiarchus flycatchers in the Yucatan Penninsula and adjacent areas (Aves: Tyrannidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216359#page/17/mode/1up","Myiarchus yucatanensis navai"],["13752","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus flavidior","Van Rossem, 1936","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8 p.116","Salvadoran Flycatcher","Salvadoran Flycatcher",null,"2026-024","<em>Myiarchus flavidior</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Myiarchus nuttingi </em>(polytypic, including <em>inquietus</em>) in accord with NACC (Juárez et al. 2025). Howell et al. (2024) demonstrated consistent differences in vocalizations between <em>M. flavidior</em> and <em>M. nuttingi</em> supported by differences in habitat preference and an absence of mixed breeding in sympatry. Mitochondrial DNA data (Sari &amp; Parker 2012) also confirm the distinctiveness of <em>M. flavidior</em>.","Pacific lowlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Nicaragua, and arid interior valleys of Honduras",null,null,null,"nutfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nutfly2","avibase-31E830C3",null,null,"Lago Olomega, San Miguel, El Salvador.","Description of a race of Myiarchus cinerascens from El Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28517#page/144/mode/1up","Myiarchus cinerascens flavidior"],["13753","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus cinerascens","(Lawrence, 1851)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5(1852) p.121,122","Ash-throated Flycatcher","Ash-throated Flycatcher","Ash-throated Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds in varied drier woodland types of lowlands to mountains of western USA from south-central Washington southeastward to east-central Texas, in the west, southward to southern Baja California and Guanajuato (northwestern and central Mexico); non-breeders shift as far southward as northwestern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700427","astfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astfly","avibase-E0A04985",null,null,"western Texas.","Descriptions of new species of birds, of the genera Toxostoma Wagler, Tyrannula Swainson, and Plectrophanes Meyer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/147/mode/1up","Tyrannula cinerascens"],["13754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens","(Lawrence, 1851)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5(1852) p.121,122",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds semiarid western USA and western Mexico; winters to northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E890EC1",null,null,"western Texas.","Descriptions of new species of birds, of the genera Toxostoma Wagler, Tyrannula Swainson, and Plectrophanes Meyer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/147/mode/1up","Tyrannula cinerascens"],["13755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax","Baird, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.301,303",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California (south of latitude 29°)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21A72532",null,null,"Cabo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/321/mode/1up","Myiarchus pertinax"],["13756","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus nuttingi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.295 p.394","Nutting's Flycatcher","Nutting's Flycatcher",null,"2026-024","<em>Myiarchus flavidior</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Myiarchus nuttingi </em>(polytypic, including <em>inquietus</em>) in accord with NACC (Juárez et al. 2025). Howell et al. (2024) demonstrated consistent differences in vocalizations between <em>M. flavidior</em> and <em>M. nuttingi</em> supported by differences in habitat preference and an absence of mixed breeding in sympatry. Mitochondrial DNA data (Sari &amp; Parker 2012) also confirm the distinctiveness of <em>M. flavidior</em>.","semiarid western Mexico (northern Sonora and southwestern Chihuahua southward to Chiapas) and central Mexico, and arid interior montane valleys of Chiapas to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,"nutfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nutfly1","avibase-C7BFBA64",null,null,"Hacienda La Palma, Gulfo de Nicoya, western Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/424/mode/1up","Myiarchus nuttingi"],["13757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus nuttingi inquietus","Salvin & Godman, 1889","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid western Mexico (northern Sonora and southwestern Chihuahua southward to Chiapas) and central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F31983F",null,null,"Guerrero, Mexico; type from Acahuizotla, 3,500 ft. (J. T. Z.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/98/mode/1up","Myiarchus inquietus"],["13758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus nuttingi nuttingi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.295 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"arid interior montane valleys of Chiapas to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41CCD9A8",null,null,"Hacienda La Palma, Gulfo de Nicoya, western Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/424/mode/1up","Myiarchus nuttingi"],["13759","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.169","Brown-crested Flycatcher","Brown-crested Flycatcher","Brown-crested Flycatcher",null,null,"southwestern USA through western Mexico to Oaxaca, and Tres Marías Islands, southern Texas through eastern Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula, Pacific coast of El Salvador to northwestern Costa Rica, eastern Colombia to Trinidad and the Guianas, and northern Brazil (lower Amazon River westward to Manaus) to north-central Argentina; southern populations from south of Tucuman and Corrientes winter to southwestern Amazonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700436","bncfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncfly","avibase-FC9E06A0",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/189/mode/1up","Muscicapa tyrannulus"],["13760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus magister","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA through western Mexico to Oaxaca; Tres Marías Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-122AAEC1",null,null,"Camp Lowell, Arizona and Tehuantepec, Mexico; restricted to Camp Lowell by Nelson, 1904, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17, p. 33.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/162/mode/1up","Myiarchus mexicanus magister"],["13761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus cooperi","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xxx,180",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas through eastern Mexico to Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFE56E64",null,null,"Mexico, cf. Deignan, 1949, Condor, 51, p. 270.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/244/mode/1up","Myiarchus cooperi"],["13762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus cozumelae","Parkes, 1982","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 51 p.1-16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula); winter range unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-243B9DF4",null,null,"Cedral, Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, México","Parallel geographic variation in three Myiarchus flycatchers in the Yucatan Penninsula and adjacent areas (Aves: Tyrannidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216359#page/20/mode/1up","Myiarchus tyrannulus cozumelae"],["13763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus insularum","Bond, 1936","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Utila, Roatán, and Bonacca islands (off Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9B00FF6",null,null,"Isla Utila, Honduras.","Resident Birds of the Bay Islands of Spanish Honduras.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064193","Myiarchus tyrannulus insularum"],["13764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus brachyurus","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of El Salvador to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE3DB556",null,null,"Ometepec [= Ometepe] , Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/356/mode/1up","M[yiarchus] brachyurus"],["13765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus tyrannulus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Trinidad and the Guianas, northern Argentina, and northern Brazil (lower Amazon River westward to Manaus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-855BBA11",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/189/mode/1up","Muscicapa tyrannulus"],["13766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus tyrannulus bahiae","Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Brazil (Amapá to São Paulo) and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B673EDB",null,null,"Bahia and Goiás, Brazil; type from Bahia, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 165.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/27/mode/1up","M[yiarchus] bahiae"],["13767","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus magnirostris","(Gould, 1838)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.48 pl.8","Galapagos Flycatcher","Galapagos Flycatcher","Galapagos Flycatcher",null,null,"Galapagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700442","galfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galfly1","avibase-5D12E97B",null,null,"no locality; Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago cited by Gould, 1839, op. cit., p. 48",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/88/mode/1up","Tyrannula magnirostris"],["13768","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus nugator","Riley, 1904","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 47, vol.2, no.2 p.275","Grenada Flycatcher","Grenada Flycatcher","Grenada Flycatcher",null,null,"southern Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700439","grefly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grefly1","avibase-DFF4AD06",null,null,"Grenada, West Indies.","Catalogue of a collection of birds from Barbuda and Antigua, British West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35633#page/407/mode/1up","Myiarchus oberi nugator"],["13769","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus crinitus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170","Great Crested Flycatcher","Great Crested Flycatcher","Great Crested Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to Gulf States; winters to northwestern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700433","grcfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcfly","avibase-8D6D5F2B",null,null,"America; restricted to South Carolina by Bangs, 1898, Auk, 15, p. 180.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","[Turdus] crinitus"],["13770","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus stolidus","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.168","Stolid Flycatcher","Stolid Flycatcher","Stolid Flycatcher",null,null,"varied forest, woodland, and edge types from lowlands to hills of Jamaica and Hispaniola and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700452","stofly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stofly1","avibase-638BF4C5",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/186/mode/1up","Myiobius stolidus"],["13771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus stolidus dominicensis","(Bryant, 1867)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola and satellite islands (Gonâve, Tortue, Beata, and Grande Cayemite islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A2501DC",null,null,"Port-au-Prince, Santo Domingo [= Haiti].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/104/mode/1up","Tyrannula stolida (var. dominicensis)"],["13772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus stolidus stolidus","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D0A6C90",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/186/mode/1up","Myiobius stolidus"],["13773","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus sagrae","(Gundlach, 1852)","Boston Journal of Natural History 6 p.313","La Sagra's Flycatcher","La Sagra's Flycatcher","La Sagra's Flycatcher",null,null,"varied forest, woodland, and edge types from lowlands to hills, Bahamas from Grand Bahama and Andros southward in larger islands to Great Inagua; Cuba and satellite islands, and Grand Cayman; repeated vagrancy to southeastern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700449","lasfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lasfly","avibase-A7BEC2BF",null,null,"Cuba",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100874#page/326/mode/1up","Muscicapa sagrae"],["13774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus sagrae lucaysiensis","(Bryant, 1867)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A47DC45",null,null,"Inagua and Nassau, Bahamas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/76/mode/1up","Tyrannula stolida (var. lucaysiensis)"],["13775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus sagrae sagrae","(Gundlach, 1852)","Boston Journal of Natural History 6 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, and Grand Cayman Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AD45D24",null,null,"Cuba",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100874#page/326/mode/1up","Muscicapa sagrae"],["13776","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus antillarum","(Bryant, 1866)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 10 p.249","Puerto Rican Flycatcher","Puerto Rican Flycatcher","Puerto Rican Flycatcher",null,null,"Puerto Rico including Isla de Culebra and Isla de Vieques (both just east of Puerto Rico), and Virgin Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700455","purfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purfly1","avibase-FCF63BDD",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37035#page/257/mode/1up","Tyrannus antillarum"],["13777","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus oberi","Lawrence, 1877","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 no.1&2 p.48","Lesser Antillean Flycatcher","Lesser Antillean Flycatcher","Lesser Antillean Flycatcher",null,null,"forest to thornscrub of lowlands and hills, Lesser Antilles from Sint Eustatius and Barbuda southward to St. Lucia (excluding Montserrat and perhaps Antigua)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700458","leafly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leafly1","avibase-DBF55732",null,null,"Dominica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/80/mode/1up","Myiarchus Oberi"],["13778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus oberi berlepschii","Cory, 1888","The Auk 5, no.3 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (St. Kitts, Barbuda, and Nevis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A225FFF",null,null,"St. Kitts, West Indies.","Description of a new Myiarchus from the West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/9/","Myiarchus berlepschii"],["13779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus oberi oberi","Lawrence, 1877","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 no.1&2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe and Dominica (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA9AD86A",null,null,"Dominica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/80/mode/1up","Myiarchus Oberi"],["13780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus oberi sclateri","Lawrence, 1879","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.51 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F771F44",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/381/mode/1up","Myiarchus sclateri"],["13781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiarchus oberi sanctaeluciae","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9EACBC3",null,null,"Santa Lucia.","Weitere neue Formen aus Westindien und Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/257/mode/1up","Myiarchus tyrannulus sanctae-luciae"],["13782","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Legatus","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa legatus [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by original designation and tautonymy = Platyrhynchos leucophaius Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/76/mode/1up","Legatus"],["13783","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Legatus leucophaius","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.11","Piratic Flycatcher","Piratic Flycatcher","Piratic Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds in semi-humid to humid forest and woodland on Gulf slope of Mexico from southern San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz, and Pacific slope from Chiapas (including the Yucatan Peninsula), southward to central Panama; resident in eastern Panama and west of the Andes in western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador, in major Colombian intermontane valleys, and east of the Andes throughout Amazonia to Catamarca (northwestern Argentina), eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); populations from Mexico to central Panama winter southward, and those from Argentina and southern Brazil winter northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700596","pirfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pirfly1","avibase-9971C83E",null,null,"'l'Amérique méridionale'; type from Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/19/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos leucophaius"],["13784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Legatus leucophaius variegatus","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F8CA1F6",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/357/mode/1up","Elaenia variegata"],["13785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Legatus leucophaius leucophaius","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicaragua through South America including Trinidad and Tobago, to northern Argentina and southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C4AD5C2",null,null,"'l'Amérique méridionale'; type from Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/19/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos leucophaius"],["13786","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Attila brasiliensis [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa spadicea J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/398/mode/1up","Attila"],["13787","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.937","Bright-rumped Attila","Bright-rumped Attila","Bright-rumped Attila",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous and gallery forest and woodland from the Pacific (southern Sonora) and Gulf (southern Veracruz) slopes of Mexico southward (including the Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel) to eastern Panama (including Coiba), western Venezuela and Colombia, including the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, west of the Andes from western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador, east of the Andes from northern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Ceará (northeastern Brazil), southward throughout the Amazon basin to central Bolivia and southwestern Mato Grosso (central Brazil), and disjunctly in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (Pernambuco southward to northern Espírito Santo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700354","brratt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brratt1","avibase-BA09A296",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/438/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] spadicea"],["13788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus pacificus","Hellmayr, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.6 p.140-141",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Mexico (far southern Sonora to western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED7619C0",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part VI. Oxyruncidae, Pipridae, Cotingidae, Rupicolidae, Phytotomidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20765#page/154/mode/1up","Attila spadiceus pacificus"],["13789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus cozumelae","Ridgway, 1885","Description of some new species of birds from Cozumel Island, Yucatan p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula of eastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4E388B1",null,null,"Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.",null,null,"Attila cozumelae"],["13790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus gaumeri","Salvin & Godman, 1891","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Yucatan Peninsula, including islas Holbox and Mujeres",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7702C0F0",null,null,"Tizimin, Yucatan, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/144/mode/1up","Attila gaumeri"],["13791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus flammulatus","de Lafresnaye, 1848","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A46170D",null,null,"Colombia; error, Veracruz, Mexico substituted by Bangs and Penard, 1922, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 35, p. 223.","Sur les genres Attila, Lesson, et Dasycephala, Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/57/mode/1up","Attila flammulatus"],["13792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus salvadorensis","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical El Salvador to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3D0A26A",null,null,"Lago Olomega, San Miguel, El Salvador.","A new Attila from El Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/253/mode/1up","Attila spadiceus salvadorensis"],["13793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus citreopyga","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.657",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Honduras and Nicaragua to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE326530",null,null,"Nicaragua.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Neuvième et dernière communication. Chanteurs fissirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/667/mode/1up","Dasycephala citreopyga"],["13794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus sclateri","Lawrence, 1862","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia (upper Sinú Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6D2F42B",null,null,"along line of Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill (McLeannon Collection), fide Salvin and Godman, 1891, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 2, p. 134.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/502/mode/1up","Attila Sclateri"],["13795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus caniceps","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia (middle Magdalena and lower Sinú valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11CD33B2",null,null,"Jaraquiel, Bolívar [= Córdoba], Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/24/mode/1up","Attila caniceps"],["13796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus parvirostris","Allen, 1900","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13, art.14 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia) and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E47D7592",null,null,"Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","List of Birds collected in the District of Santa Marta, Colombia, by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/719","Attila parvirostris"],["13797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus parambae","Hartert, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Río Atrato to Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C364F80A",null,null,"Hacienda Paramba, Imbabura, Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of some new South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/197/mode/1up","Attila braziliensis parambae"],["13798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus spadiceus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.937",null,null,null,null,null,"northern South America east of the Andes, from eastern Colombia eastward to Trinidad and the Guianas, and southward to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F6826DF",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/438/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] spadicea"],["13799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila spadiceus uropygiatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.868",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Alagoas and Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A799F75B",null,null,"Rio Doce, Espírito Santo, Brasil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/890/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] uropygiata"],["13800","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila cinnamomeus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.937","Cinnamon Attila","Cinnamon Attila","Cinnamon Attila",null,null,"southern Venezuela and the Guianas to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700337","cinatt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinatt1","avibase-A6AB77CA",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/438/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] cinnamomea"],["13801","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila phoenicurus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.171","Rufous-tailed Attila","Rufous-tailed Attila","Rufous-tailed Attila",null,null,"Amazonian and southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700334","rutatt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutatt1","avibase-B747569D",null,null,"banks of Rio Paraíba, near Mato Dentro (São Paulo), Curitiba Paraná), Goiás, and Mato Grosso [= Villa Bela de Mato Grosso] , Brazil; restricted to Mato Dentro, São Paulo by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 144.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/181/mode/1up","Attila phoenicurus"],["13802","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila torridus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.280","Ochraceous Attila","Ochraceous Attila","Ochraceous Attila",null,null,"far southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700340","ochatt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ochatt1","avibase-2896E1DB",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/362/mode/1up","Attila torridus"],["13803","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila citriniventris","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.40","Citron-bellied Attila","Citron-bellied Attila","Citron-bellied Attila",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Peru (Loreto), and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700343","cibatt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibatt1","avibase-DE322436",null,null,"Río Ucayali, Peru.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/70/mode/1up","Attila citriniventris"],["13804","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila rufus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.87","Grey-hooded Attila","Gray-hooded Attila","Grey-hooded Attila",null,null,"humid forest and scrub in the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil from southern Bahia southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700350","gyhatt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhatt1","avibase-727CE8E0",null,null,"'le Bresil . . . M. Delalande fils'; types from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 143.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/95/mode/1up","Tyrannus rufus"],["13805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila rufus hellmayri","Pinto, 1935","Revista do Museu Paulista 19 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Brazil (central Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73BC07FC",null,null,"Rio Gongogy [= Gongogi] , near Cajazeiras [ = Fazenda Santa Maria, right bank of Rio Gongogi, Bahia, fide Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 19]. Redescribed by Pinto, 1937, 12th Cong. Intern. Zool., Lisbon, p. 1838.","Aves da Bahia. Notas criticas e observações sobre uma collecção feita no Reconcavo e na parte meridional do Estado.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189270#page/239/mode/1up","Attila rufus hellmayri"],["13806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila rufus rufus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9B17B97",null,null,"'le Bresil . . . M. Delalande fils'; types from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 6, p. 143.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/95/mode/1up","Tyrannus rufus"],["13807","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila bolivianus","de Lafresnaye, 1848","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.46","White-eyed Attila","Dull-capped Attila","White-eyed Attila",null,null,"varzea and gallery forest in the Amazon basin, mostly south of the Amazon River, from far southeastern Colombia and eastern Peru eastward along the Amazon River to northeastern Brazil ( Amapá), and central Brazil (southward to Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700346","ducatt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducatt1","avibase-8DA83B89",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/56/mode/1up","Attila bolivianus"],["13808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila bolivianus nattereri","Hellmayr, 1902","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 52 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Peru (mostly south of the Amazon River) and southeastern Colombia eastward along both banks of the Amazon River to eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1C0C399",null,null,"Borba, Brazil.","Beschreibung von zwei neuen brasilianischen Vögeln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47781#page/101/mode/1up","Attila nattereri"],["13809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Attila bolivianus bolivianus","de Lafresnaye, 1848","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Amazonia (southeastern Peru, southwestern Amazonian Brazil, and northern Bolivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F50F10DA",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/56/mode/1up","Attila bolivianus"],["13810","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Machetornis","Gray, 1841","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chrysolophus ambulans [Swainson, 1826]; type by monotypy = Tyrannus rixosus Vieillot, 1819",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/61/mode/1up","Machetornis"],["13811","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Machetornis rixosa","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.85","Cattle Tyrant","Cattle Tyrant","Cattle Tyrant",null,null,"savanna, grassland, and deforested areas, often around large mammals, disjunctly from eastern Panama and northern Colombia southward to the headwaters of the ríos Cauca and Magdalena, east of the Andes through the llanos of northeastern Colombia and Venezuela, southward where deforested to northeastern Ecuador, and from western Bolivia and eastern Brazil (from eastern Pará) to central Argentina (Neuquén and Río Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700321","cattyr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cattyr","avibase-87874F97",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/93/mode/1up","Tyrannus rixosus"],["13812","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Machetornis rixosa flavigularis","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCC0FFBD",null,null,"El Tocuyo, Lara, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/250/mode/1up","Machetornis rixosa flavigularis"],["13813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Machetornis rixosa obscurodorsalis","Phelps & Phelps, 1948","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 11 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela; records from northeastern Ecuador presumably are of this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-573FDBC2",null,null,"Ciudad Bolivia, 150 m., Barinas, Venezuela.","Descripción de seis aves nuevas de Venezuela y notas sobre veinticuatro adiciones a la avifauna del Brazil.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-seis-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-notas-sobre-veinticuatro-adiciones-a-la-avifauna-del-brasil/","Machetornis rixosa obscurodorsalis"],["13814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Machetornis rixosa rixosa","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"interior eastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C25756D2",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/93/mode/1up","Tyrannus rixosus"],["13815","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Philohydor","Lanyon, 1984","American Museum Novitates no.2797 p.23,24",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","L[anius] Lictor [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]",null,"A phylogeny of the kingbirds and their allies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5271/","Philohydor"],["13816","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Philohydor lictor","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.49","Lesser Kiskadee","Lesser Kiskadee","Lesser Kiskadee","2025-0474","Taxon <em>lictor </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Philohydor </em>rather than in <em>Pitangus </em>based on genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), coupled with its distinctive syrinx and nesting behavior (see Lanyon 1984 for more attributes).","shrubs and thickets near water, oxbow lakes, margins of lakes, and rivers and ponds, disjunctly from far southwestern Costa Rica (recent arrival) and central Panama to Colombia, southward along the Río Magdalena (to Tolima), and widespread in northern South America (except mountains and Caatinga) east of the Andes southward to central Bolivia and southeastern Brazil (to São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700599","leskis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leskis1","avibase-5B0BE8AD",null,null,"Pará [= Belém] , Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/69/mode/1up","L[anius] Lictor"],["13817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Philohydor lictor panamensis","(Bangs & Penard, 1918)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E281761C",null,null,"Loma del Leon, Panama.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/96/mode/1up","Pitangus lictor panamensis"],["13818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Philohydor lictor lictor","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, eastern Bolivia, and Amazonian and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DFDC67E",null,null,"Pará [= Belém] , Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/69/mode/1up","L[anius] Lictor"],["13819","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.10 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannus sulphuratus [Vieillot, 1807]; type by original designation = Lanius sulphuratus Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/193/mode/1up","Pitangus"],["13820","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137","Great Kiskadee","Great Kiskadee","Great Kiskadee",null,null,"arid forest, humid forest edge, gallery woodland, marshes, degraded land, and towns from southern Sonora and southern Texas southward along the Pacific and Gulf slopes of Mexico (including the Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel) southward (including Coiba) to western Venezuela, Trinidad, and northern Colombia westward to the headwaters of the ríos Cauca and Magdalena, and widespread east of the Andes (except in closed rainforest) southward to central Argentina (Neuquén and Chubut); introduced to Bermuda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700605","grekis","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grekis","avibase-9C883C7B",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","[Lanius] sulphuratus"],["13821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus texanus","Van Rossem, 1940","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (Rio Grande Valley) to southeastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03AF9299",null,null,"Brownsville, Texas.","Notes on some North American Birds of the genera Myiodynastes, Pitangus and Myiochanes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28521#page/98/mode/1up","Pitangus sulphuratus texanus"],["13822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.221 p.44 pl.36",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (southern Sonora to Isthmus of Tehuántepec)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28390D1D",null,null,"Zacatecas, Mexico.","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/68/mode/1up","Saurophagus Derbianus"],["13823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus guatimalensis","(de Lafresnaye, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Nuevo León) to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE2F4D8A",null,null,"Guatemala.","Sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/508/mode/1up","Saurophagus Guatimalensis"],["13824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus rufipennis","(de Lafresnaye, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.471-473",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F543C849",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Sur deux nouvelles espèces de Tyrans d'Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/499/mode/1up","Saurophagus rufipennis"],["13825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus caucensis","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Colombia (southwestern Bolívar, Cauca, and Magdalena Valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB98C927",null,null,"Cali, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Pitangus sulphuratus caucensis"],["13826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus trinitatis","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and northwestern Brazil (Rio Surumú and Rio Cotinga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57C6577D",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","On the birds of the island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/38/mode/1up","Pitangus sulphuratus trinitatis"],["13827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus sulphuratus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to southeastern Peru, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (south to the Amazon River, eastward to Amapá and Marajó Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49763E9E",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","[Lanius] sulphuratus"],["13828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus maximiliani","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil to eastern Bolivia and Chaco of Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60950434",null,null,"Brazil; type from Bahia, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 152.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/71/mode/1up","S[aurophagus] Maximiliani"],["13829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus bolivianus","(de Lafresnaye, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Bolivia (Cochabamba to Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2C86AB6",null,null,"Chuquisaca, Bolivia.","Sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/509/mode/1up","Saurophagus Bolivianus"],["13830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pitangus sulphuratus argentinus","Todd, 1952","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 32 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58E6C71C",null,null,"Lavalle, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","New Tyrant Flycatchers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216757#page/341/mode/1up","Pitangus sulphuratus argentinus"],["13831","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.45,46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa cayanensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/75/mode/1up","Myiozetetes"],["13832","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes luteiventris","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.71","Dusky-chested Flycatcher","Dusky-chested Flycatcher","Dusky-chested Flycatcher",null,null,"tropical rainforest edge in the Orinoco and Amazon basins, from southern Venezuela eastward to French Guiana and northeastern Brazil (Amapá) and westward to southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, and western Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700593","ducfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducfly2","avibase-D486B51A",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/105/mode/1up","Elaenia luteiventris"],["13833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes luteiventris luteiventris","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southeastern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88E414EF",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/105/mode/1up","Elaenia luteiventris"],["13834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes luteiventris septentrionalis","Blake, 1961","Fieldiana Zoology 44 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and adjacent Brazil (Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22C4539B",null,null,"Palomeu Airstrip, Tapanahoni River, Marowijne District, Surinam.","Variation in Myiozetetes luteiventris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21280#page/7/mode/1up","Myiozetetes luteiventris septentrionalis"],["13835","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes granadensis","Lawrence, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.11","Grey-capped Flycatcher","Gray-capped Flycatcher","Grey-capped Flycatcher",null,null,"open areas near humid forest and woodlands from eastern Honduras southward to eastern Panama, the Pacific lowlands of southern Costa Rica and western Panama, northern Colombia southward to the middle Magdalena Valley, west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador, and in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela eastward to far northern Brazil (Roraim) and southward through northern and western Brazil (western Amazonas and Acre) to northwestern Bolivia (to Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700589","grcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcfly1","avibase-DCCFF7D4",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/35/mode/1up","Myiozetetes granadensis"],["13836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes granadensis granadensis","Lawrence, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras to central highlands of Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9AD73FD",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/35/mode/1up","Myiozetetes granadensis"],["13837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes granadensis occidentalis","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.963 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) to west-central Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC9EE1F6",null,null,"Barbacoas, southwestern Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 28, Notes on the genera Myiodynastes, Conopias, Myiozetetes and Pitangus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3911/","Myiozetetes granadensis occidentalis"],["13838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes granadensis obscurior","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD739AD3",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/121/mode/1up","Myiozetetes granadensis obscurior"],["13839","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes cayanensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327","Rusty-margined Flycatcher","Rusty-margined Flycatcher","Rusty-margined Flycatcher",null,null,"shrubby clearings and open areas near semi-humid to humid forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga from southwestern Costa Rica southward in Pacific slope of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador, and throughout South American east of the Andes southward to eastern Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina (one recent record), and southeastern Brazil (northern Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700583","rumfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rumfly1","avibase-B384278C",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] cayanensis"],["13840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes cayanensis rufipennis","Lawrence, 1869","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to northern Venezuela and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CBF701F",null,null,"Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Characters of some new South American birds, with notes on other rare or little known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/283/mode/1up","Myiozetetes rufipennis"],["13841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes cayanensis hellmayri","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and Panama southward to southwestern Ecuador (southward to El Oro and western Loja) and eastward across northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (to the Maracaibo Basin and the west slope of the Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43E1295E",null,null,"Cachabi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/468/mode/1up","Myiozetetes cayanensis hellmayri"],["13842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes cayanensis cayanensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1797BAA3",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] cayanensis"],["13843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes cayanensis erythropterus","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina (one recent record), and southeastern Brazil (northern Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97DB890F",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt., 2, p. 156.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/64/mode/1up","Tyrannula erythroptera"],["13844","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.18, pl.25","Social Flycatcher","Social Flycatcher","Social Flycatcher",null,null,"semi-deciduous to humid forest borders and adjacent cleared areas on the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico slopes from northern Mexico (southern Sonora, northern Nuevo León, and northern Tamaulipas) southward throughout Central America in northern Colombia and western Venezuela to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena, west of the Andes in western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru, and widespread east of the Andes to central Bolivia, southward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and far southern Brazil (northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700586","socfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socfly1","avibase-468B520C",null,null,"Amazon River; restricted to mouth of Rio Madeira, Brazil by Zimmer, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 963, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/32/mode/1up","Muscicapa similis"],["13845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis primulus","Van Rossem, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sonora to northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF8CA7B9",null,null,"Tesia, Sonora, Mexico.","Two new subspecies of Birds from Sonora.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/274/mode/1up","Myiozetetes similis primulus"],["13846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis hesperis","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sinaloa to southern Zacatecas, southwestern Puebla, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67E7BB95",null,null,"km. S. and 1 km. W. of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/149/mode/1up","Myiozetetes similis hesperis"],["13847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis texensis","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[4], pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas) to northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB93482F",null,null,"Texas; error, restricted to Xalapa [= Jalapa] , Veracruz, Mexico by Phillips, 1966, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 86, p. 108.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/15/mode/1up","Muscicapa texensis"],["13848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis columbianus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Costa Rica to northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDFA630F",null,null,"Puerto Cabello, Venezuela and Cartagena, Colombia; restricted to Cartagena (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/70/mode/1up","M[yiozetetes] columbianus"],["13849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis similis","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.18, pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, Venezuela, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF44C767",null,null,"Amazon River; restricted to mouth of Rio Madeira, Brazil by Zimmer, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 963, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/32/mode/1up","Muscicapa similis"],["13850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis grandis","Lawrence, 1871","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador (Esmeraldas) to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23DE4235",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28117#page/234/mode/1up","Myiozetetes grandis"],["13851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiozetetes similis pallidiventris","Pinto, 1935","Revista do Museu Paulista 19 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pará) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CE0F1B4",null,null,"inlet on Baia de Todos os Santos, Ilha de Madre de Deus, Bahia, Brazil. Resdescribed 1937, XII Cong. Int. Zool., 3, p. 1837.","Aves da Bahia. Notas criticas e observações sobre uma collecção feita no Reconcavo e na parte meridional do Estado.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189270#page/220/mode/1up","M[yiozetetes] similis pallidiventris"],["13852","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes","Bonaparte, 1857","Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 2 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiodynastes audax [Bonaparte, 1857]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa maculata Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,null,"Myiodynastes"],["13853","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes bairdii","(Gambel, 1847)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 2 1, pt.1 p.40","Baird's Flycatcher","Baird's Flycatcher","Baird's Flycatcher",null,null,"arid southwestern Ecuador to northwestern Peru (Lima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700569","baifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baifly1","avibase-977CA271",null,null,"California; error, Guayaquil, Ecuador, proposed by Chapman, 1926, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, p. 513.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110628#page/50/mode/1up","S[aurophagus] bairdii"],["13854","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes chrysocephalus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.272","Golden-crowned Flycatcher","Golden-crowned Flycatcher","Golden-crowned Flycatcher","2025-0466","Taxon <em>minor </em>and taxon <em>cinerascens </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Myiodynastes hemichrysus</em> based on vocalizations. Previously considered subspecies of <em>M. chrysocephalus</em>, their dawn and daytime songs are vocally almost identical to <em>M. hemichrysus</em> (Boesman 2016bbb).","east slope of Andes of Peru to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/131366585","gocfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocfly1","avibase-BB58F50E",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Chanchamayo, Junín by Hellmayr, 1920, Archiv f. Naturg., 85, ser. A, 10, p. 56.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/280/mode/1up","Sc[aphorhynchus] chrysocephalus"],["13855","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes hemichrysus","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.52 p.247","Golden-bellied Flycatcher","Golden-bellied Flycatcher","Golden-bellied Flycatcher","2025-0466","Taxon <em>minor </em>and taxon <em>cinerascens </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Myiodynastes hemichrysus</em> based on vocalizations. Previously considered subspecies of <em>M. chrysocephalus</em>, their dawn and daytime songs are vocally almost identical to <em>M. hemichrysus</em> (Boesman 2016bbb).","montane cloudforest in Costa Rica and western Panama, eastern Panama (Darién), the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón to Monagas), the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru (north of the Río Marañón)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/131358269","gobfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobfly1","avibase-D460A5CB",null,null,"Los Frailes, Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 81-96.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/263/mode/1up","Hypermitres hemichrysus"],["13856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes hemichrysus hemichrysus","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.52 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama (eastward to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-049A1D8F",null,null,"Los Frailes, Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 81-96.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/263/mode/1up","Hypermitres hemichrysus"],["13857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes hemichrysus minor","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Cerro Tacarcuna and Cerro Pirre, in Darién), and Andes from Colombia southward through Ecuador to far northern Peru (on the west slope in Piura, and on the east slope north and west of the Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13DA23D8",null,null,"Machay and Hacienda Mapoto, Tungurahua, Ecuador; type from Machay, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 128.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/135/mode/1up","Myiodynastes chrysocephalus minor"],["13858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes hemichrysus cinerascens","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia and coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F241C55B",null,null,"Páramo de Rosas, Lara, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/249/mode/1up","Myiodynastes chrysocephalus cinerascens"],["13859","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes luteiventris","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.42","Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher","Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher","Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southeastern Arizona to Costa Rica; winters eastern Ecuador to northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700580","subfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subfly","avibase-9DBB70D5",null,null,"'Mexico merid., Guatemala, et America central; restricted to Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico by Brodkorb, 1943, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, no. 55, p. 63.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/72/mode/1up","Myiodynastes luteiventris"],["13860","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.169","Streaked Flycatcher","Streaked Flycatcher",null,"2025-0465","Taxon <em>solitarius </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Myiodynastes maculatus </em>pending further research. Plumage, vocalizations, and migratory behavior of <em>solitarius </em>differ markedly from other taxa but thorough geographic sampling is needed to test for clinality. Possible hybrids with nominate <em>maculatus </em>have also been reported and merit further analysis (Zimmer 1937).","breeds Gulf slope of Mexico to northwestern Peru (Piura), Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela, the Guianas, and through eastern Peru and central Argentina; northern and southern populations migratory",null,null,null,"strfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strfly1","avibase-D94C6177",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/189/mode/1up","Muscicapa maculata"],["13861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus insolens","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Gulf slope of Mexico to Honduras; winters to northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91A5BF5F",null,null,"Mirador, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/354/mode/1up","M[yiodynastes] audax insolens"],["13862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus difficilis","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.963 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica southward (including Coiba and Cébaco islands, western Panama) to Colombia and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4146A225",null,null,"Bebedero, Costa Rica.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 28, Notes on the genera Myiodynastes, Conopias, Myiozetetes and Pitangus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3911/","Myiodynastes maculatus difficilis"],["13863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus nobilis","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northeastern Colombia to west slope of Sierra de Perijá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F160E27",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/72/mode/1up","Myiodynastes nobilis"],["13864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus chapmani","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.963 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific Colombia (Chocó) to northwestern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D959A7AB",null,null,"Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 28, Notes on the genera Myiodynastes, Conopias, Myiozetetes and Pitangus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3911/","Myiodynastes maculatus chapmani"],["13865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus maculatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela and the Guianas to northeastern Peru and northern Amazonian Brazil (upper Rio Negro southward to south bank of the Amazon River, eastward to northwestern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5630612F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/189/mode/1up","Muscicapa maculata"],["13866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus tobagensis","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.963 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D36E5DC",null,null,"Mariah, Tobago.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 28, Notes on the genera Myiodynastes, Conopias, Myiozetetes and Pitangus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3911/","Myiodynastes maculatus tobagensis"],["13867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiodynastes maculatus solitarius","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru to Paraguay, Uruguay, central Argentina, and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C28FFE3F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/96/mode/1up","Tyrannus solitarius"],["13868","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannopsis","Ridgway, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa sulphurea [von Spix, 1825]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/229/mode/1up","Tyrannopsis"],["13869","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannopsis sulphurea","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.16, pl.20","Sulphury Flycatcher","Sulphury Flycatcher","Sulphury Flycatcher",null,null,"southern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700530","sulfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulfly1","avibase-D595068F",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Manaos, Rio Negro, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Pub. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 160.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/30/mode/1up","Muscicapa sulphurea"],["13870","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus","Thunberg, 1824","Dissertatio de genere Megaryncho praes. Schaerstrom p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius pitangua [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Heine, 1859, Journ. f. Ornith., 7, p. 340).",null,null,null,"Megarynchus"],["13871","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus pitangua","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.136","Boat-billed Flycatcher","Boat-billed Flycatcher","Boat-billed Flycatcher",null,null,"arid to humid forest, woodland and borders, and lake and river margins on the Pacific and Gulf slopes in northern Mexico (northern Sinaloa and northern Tamaulipas) southward (including Yucatan Peninsula) to northern Colombia and western Venezuela along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, west of the Andes in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, and widespread east of the Andes, including Trinidad, southward to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700533","bobfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bobfly1","avibase-8118C647",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brazil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 151.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/140/mode/1up","[Lanius] Pitangua"],["13872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus pitangua tardiusculus","Moore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of northwestern Mexico (southern Sinaloa to Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2C9EC3A",null,null,"Rancho Santa Barbara, 2,500 ft., 20 miles northeast of Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico.","New races of Flycatcher, Warbler and Wrens from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/59/mode/1up","Megarhynchus pitangua tardiusculus"],["13873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus pitangua caniceps","Ridgway, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (southern Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B4CFF20",null,null,"Barranca Veltran, near San Marcos, southern Jalisco, Mexico.","Descriptions of some forms of oligomyodian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/152/mode/1up","Megarynchus pitangua caniceps"],["13874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus pitangua mexicanus","(de Lafresnaye, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.473",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1075BBFA",null,null,"Mexico.","Sur deux nouvelles espèces de Tyrans d'Amérique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/501/mode/1up","Scaphorhynchus Mexicanus"],["13875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus pitangua deserticola","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.414 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Guatemala (valley of Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90561D5A",null,null,"Sacapulas, 25 miles east of Nebaj, Río Negro valley, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3131/","Megarhynchus pitangua deserticola"],["13876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus pitangua pitangua","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern South America including Trinidad, to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7417D4AB",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brazil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 151.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/140/mode/1up","[Lanius] Pitangua"],["13877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Megarynchus pitangua chrysogaster","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes and northern Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68CA24FC",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/363/mode/1up","Megarhynchus chrysogaster"],["13878","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannula superciliosa [Swainson, 1836]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa trivirgata zu Wied, 1831  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/70/mode/1up","Conopias"],["13879","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias parvus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.111,181","Yellow-throated Flycatcher","Yellow-throated Flycatcher","Yellow-throated Flycatcher",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil, and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700544","yetfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetfly2","avibase-B8415F96",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/191/mode/1up","Pitangus parvus"],["13880","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias albovittatus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.11","White-ringed Flycatcher","White-ringed Flycatcher","White-ringed Flycatcher",null,null,"humid forest and edge of lowlands to hills of Caribbean slope from northeastern Honduras through far northwestern Panama, and both slopes from central Panama thence west of the Andes through northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700536","whrfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrfly","avibase-FEE77420",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/35/mode/1up","Pitangus albovittatus"],["13881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias albovittatus distinctus","(Ridgway, 1908)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-859E3529",null,null,"Río Reventazon, near Guayabo, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/241/mode/1up","Coryphotriccus albovittatus distinctus"],["13882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias albovittatus albovittatus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Honduras to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F8A130C",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/35/mode/1up","Pitangus albovittatus"],["13883","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias trivirgatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.871","Three-striped Flycatcher","Three-striped Flycatcher","Three-striped Flycatcher",null,null,"tropical rainforest disjunctly and sparsely in the Amazon basin in southern Venezuela, far northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, western Bolivia, and northern Brazil, mostly along the Amazon River (eastward to western Pará), and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (central Bahía southward to northern Santa Catarina), eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700552","thsfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thsfly2","avibase-C5A7C594",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/893/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] trivirgata"],["13884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias trivirgatus berlepschi","Snethlage, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Bolívar) to northeastern Peru and lower Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D88ABD6D",null,null,"Faro, Rio Jamundá, [=Nhamunda, Pará] , Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/54/mode/1up","Conopias trivirgata berlepschi"],["13885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias trivirgatus trivirgatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.871",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia to Paraná) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68E84B2B",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/893/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] trivirgata"],["13886","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias cinchoneti","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.272","Lemon-browed Flycatcher","Lemon-browed Flycatcher","Lemon-browed Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the western Andes from northwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Ecuador, and the Andes of western Venezuela (and possibly Sierra de Perijá) southward along all Andes of Colombia to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700560","lebfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lebfly2","avibase-C5202F83",null,null,"Peru; restricted to highlands of Junín by Zimmer, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 963, p. 17.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/280/mode/1up","T[yrannus] cinchoneti"],["13887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias cinchoneti icterophrys","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (western slope in western Mérida and western Trujillo, and eastern slope in northwestern Barinas), Colombia (locally in all three ranges), and far northwestern Ecuador (Carchi); possibly Sierra de Perijá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-881DD499",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/351/mode/1up","T[yrannula] icterophrys"],["13888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Conopias cinchoneti cinchoneti","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador (foothills and subtropical zone on eastern slope) and northern and central Andes of Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas southward to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CB7A85D",null,null,"Peru; restricted to highlands of Junín by Zimmer, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 963, p. 17.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/280/mode/1up","T[yrannus] cinchoneti"],["13889","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonomus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.76",null,null,null,"2025-0464","Taxon <em>aurantioatrocristatus </em>is treated as congeneric with <em>Empidonomus varius</em> based on similarities in morphology, behaviour, and vocalizations; genetic divergences are consistent with species-level relationships in closely related tyrannid genera (Tello et al. 2009; Harvey et al. 2020). Based on the combined evidence, the distinctive syringeal morphology of <em>aurantioatrocristatus </em>(Lanyon 1984) does not warrant its placement in a monotypic genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa varia [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/84/mode/1up","Empidonomus"],["13890","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonomus varius","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.458","Variegated Flycatcher","Variegated Flycatcher","Variegated Flycatcher",null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas, and northern and western Amazonian Brazil, and southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, eastern Peru, and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700520","varfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varfly","avibase-BD902263",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/468/mode/1up","Muscicapa varia"],["13891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonomus varius varius","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, eastern Peru, and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AF68D69",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/468/mode/1up","Muscicapa varia"],["13892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonomus varius rufinus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.22, pl.31, f.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas, and northern and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3A51E01",null,null,"'in Provincia fl. Amazonum'; restricted to Santarem, Rio Tapajós, Brazil (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/36/mode/1up","Muscicapa rufina"],["13893","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.45","Crowned Slaty Flycatcher","Crowned Slaty Flycatcher","Crowned Slaty Flycatcher","2025-0464","Taxon <em>aurantioatrocristatus </em>is treated as congeneric with <em>Empidonomus varius</em> based on similarities in morphology, behaviour, and vocalizations; genetic divergences are consistent with species-level relationships in closely related tyrannid genera (Tello et al. 2009; Harvey et al. 2020). Based on the combined evidence, the distinctive syringeal morphology of <em>aurantioatrocristatus </em>(Lanyon 1984) does not warrant its placement in a monotypic genus.","eastern Brazil (Rio Tapajós to northern Goiás and Piauí) and Bolivia to northern Argentina and southern Brazil; winters northward to western Amazonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700523","croslf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/croslf1","avibase-1BAC8667",null,null,"Valle Grande, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/161/mode/1up","T[yrannus] aurantio-atrocristatus"],["13894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus pallidiventris","Hellmayr, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.18 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Rio Tapajós to northern Goiás and Piauí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBBFF7C8",null,null,"São Luiz, Maranhão, Brazil","A contribution to the ornithology of north-eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30791#page/83/mode/1up","Empidonomus aurantio-atro-cristatus pallidiventris"],["13895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus aurantioatrocristatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia to northern Argentina and southern Brazil; winters northward to western Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F322E79",null,null,"Valle Grande, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/161/mode/1up","T[yrannus] aurantio-atrocristatus"],["13896","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius tyrannus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA5#v=onepage","Tyrannus"],["13897","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus savana","Daudin, 1802","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.227","Fork-tailed Flycatcher","Fork-tailed Flycatcher","Fork-tailed Flycatcher",null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz) to Colombia, the Guianas, and northern Brazil disjunctly to central Argentina; southern populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700503","fotfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fotfly","avibase-A2510EF4",null,null,"on the shore of Río de la Plata and in the woods of Montevideo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/279/mode/1up","Tyrannus savana"],["13898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus savana monachus","Hartlaub, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz) to Colombia, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (Roraima, lower Rio Negro, and perhaps Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCA00790",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/222/mode/1up","Tyrannus (Milvulus) monachus"],["13899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus savana sanctaemartae","(Zimmer, 1937)","American Museum Novitates no.962 p.7 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Guajira Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06FA028D",null,null,"Bonda, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 27, Notes on the genera Muscivora, Tyrannus, Empidonomus, and Sirystes, with further notes on Knipolegus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3860/","Muscivora tyrannus sanctaemartae"],["13900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus savana circumdatus","(Zimmer, 1937)","American Museum Novitates no.962 p.8 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (west to Manaus area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-668077A4",null,null,"Taurary, right bank of Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 27, Notes on the genera Muscivora, Tyrannus, Empidonomus, and Sirystes, with further notes on Knipolegus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3860/","Muscivora tyrannus circumdatus"],["13901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus savana savana","Daudin, 1802","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in central and southern South America (eastern Bolivia and southern Brazil southward to central Argentina); southern populations migratory, wintering in northern South America, including Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64662420",null,null,"on the shore of Río de la Plata and in the woods of Montevideo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/279/mode/1up","Tyrannus savana"],["13902","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus albogularis","Burmeister, 1856","Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens, welche während einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraës gesammelt oder beobachtet wurden 2 p.465","White-throated Kingbird","White-throated Kingbird","White-throated Kingbird",null,null,"southern Venezuela and the Guianas to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700482","whtkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtkin1","avibase-6FCD33D6",null,null,"Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil; error?, emended to Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 134",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48291#page/493/mode/1up","Tyrannus albogularis"],["13903","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus melancholicus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.84","Tropical Kingbird","Tropical Kingbird","Tropical Kingbird",null,null,"southern Arizona and Sonora, and central Tamaulipas to coastal southwestern Peru and throughout lowland South America to central Argentina; northern and southern populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700485","trokin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trokin","avibase-BB6B236F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/92/mode/1up","Tyrannus melancholicus"],["13904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tamaulipas to northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-762D0690",null,null,"Mexico; type from Jalapa, cf. Meise, 1949, Ornith. Biol. Wissen., p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/85/mode/1up","Laphyctes satrapa"],["13905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus melancholicus despotes","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Amapá, Maranhão, and Ceará to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D63D779",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/75/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] Despotes"],["13906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern South America to central Argentina and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-502F5550",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/92/mode/1up","Tyrannus melancholicus"],["13907","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus cubensis","Richmond, 1898","The Auk 15, no.4 p.330","Giant Kingbird","Giant Kingbird","Giant Kingbird",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud; formerly Great Inagua and Caicos islands",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700516","giakin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giakin1","avibase-26D5D80F",null,null,"Cuba","Tyrannus Magnirostris D'Orb. Renamed","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/11/","Tyrannus cubensis"],["13908","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus dominicensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.302","Grey Kingbird","Gray Kingbird","Grey Kingbird",null,null,"breeds open areas of southeastern USA along eastern Gulf Coast and Florida, throughout Caribbean, including northern Venezuela, Aruba to Bonaire (former Netherlands Antilles), and Trinidad and Tobago; winters in southern Caribbean and northern South America mainly north and west of Amazonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700509","grykin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grykin","avibase-F5388B5E",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/314/mode/1up","[Lanius Tyrannus] dominicensis"],["13909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus dominicensis dominicensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southeastern USA and West Indies (except Lesser Antilles) to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire; northern breeders migrate southward for the winter to Panama and Colombia eastward to French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22A205B9",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/314/mode/1up","[Lanius Tyrannus] dominicensis"],["13910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus dominicensis vorax","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Lesser Antilles; winters to Trinidad and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0DD155C",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/98/mode/1up","Tyrannus vorax"],["13911","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus niveigularis","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.281","Snowy-throated Kingbird","Snowy-throated Kingbird","Snowy-throated Kingbird",null,null,"far southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (southward to Ancash)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700479","sntkin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sntkin1","avibase-B826FFA5",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/363/mode/1up","Tyrannus niveigularis"],["13912","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus caudifasciatus","d'Orbigny, 1839","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.70 pl.12","Loggerhead Kingbird","Loggerhead Kingbird","Loggerhead Kingbird",null,null,"varied woodland types of lowlands to mountains, from Grand Bahama and Abaco southward to Andros (northern and west-central Bahamas), and Greater Antilles from Cuba to Puerto Rica and satellite islands; Cayman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700513","logkin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/logkin","avibase-7E0CD776",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/111/mode/1up","Tyrannus caudifasciatus"],["13913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus caudifasciatus bahamensis","(Bryant, 1864)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 9 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Bahama, Abaco, Andros, and New Providence islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-861588BF",null,null,"Bahama Islands; type from Nassau, fide Bangs, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 67, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99908#page/289/mode/1up","Pitangus bahamensis"],["13914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus caudifasciatus caudifasciatus","d'Orbigny, 1839","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.70 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFC66754",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/111/mode/1up","Tyrannus caudifasciatus"],["13915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus caudifasciatus caymanensis","(Nicoll, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.16 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F992C29F",null,null,"Grand Cayman, West Indies.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/644/mode/1up","Pitangus caymanensis"],["13916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus caudifasciatus jamaicensis","(Chapman, 1892)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4, no.1, art.16 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6750AF0",null,null,"Moneague, Jamaica.","Notes on birds and mammals observed near Trinidad, Cuba ; with remarks on the origin of West Indian bird-life","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/846","Pitangus jamaicensis"],["13917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus caudifasciatus taylori","(Sclater, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.22 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico including Isla de Vieques (just east of Puerto Rico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C454620",null,null,"Puerto Rico,","Five Months in the West Indies. Part II. Martinique, Dominica, and Porto Rico. [Continued from p. 97.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/193/mode/1up","Pitangus taylori"],["13918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus caudifasciatus gabbii","(Lawrence, 1876)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FDDE01B",null,null,"Hato Viejo, Mao River, Province of Santiago, Santo Domingo.","Description of a new species of bird of the genus Pitangus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/314/mode/1up","Pitangus Gabbii"],["13919","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus couchii","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.170,175","Couch's Kingbird","Couch's Kingbird","Couch's Kingbird",null,null,"far southern Texas to northern Guatemala and Belize",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700488","coukin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coukin","avibase-0A76713F",null,null,"Nuevo Leon and San Diego, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/234/mode/1up","Tyrannus couchii"],["13920","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus crassirostris","Swainson, 1826","The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts 20 p.273","Thick-billed Kingbird","Thick-billed Kingbird","Thick-billed Kingbird",null,null,"breeds in riparian and deciduous forest edge from lowlands to mountains from southeastern Arizona and far southern Baja California southward on Pacific slope to Oaxaca; some non-breeding withdrawal from north and movement to Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700494","thbkin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbkin","avibase-097B0525",null,null,"warm districts of Mexico; restricted to Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico by Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 396.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19689#page/287/mode/1up","Tyrannus crassirostris"],["13921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus crassirostris pompalis","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.8 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Arizona south along western coast of Mexico to Colima",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C20AB36",null,null,"Hacienda San Rafael, Chihuahua, Oaxaca, Mexico.","A collection of Birds from Oaxaca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/458/mode/1up","Tyrannus crassirostris pompalis"],["13922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus crassirostris crassirostris","Swainson, 1826","The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts 20 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Mexico (Guerrero to Oaxaca); winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84109275",null,null,"warm districts of Mexico; restricted to Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico by Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 396.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19689#page/287/mode/1up","Tyrannus crassirostris"],["13923","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus tyrannus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94","Eastern Kingbird","Eastern Kingbird","Eastern Kingbird",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters mainly western Amazon basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700506","easkin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easkin","avibase-082D833C",null,null,"America septentrionali; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 201.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius tyrannus"],["13924","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus vociferans","Swainson, 1826","The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts 20 p.273","Cassin's Kingbird","Cassin's Kingbird","Cassin's Kingbird",null,null,"breeds varied woodland types of hills and mountains from central California southward through north-central Baja California, and eastern Montana and western Nebraska southward through Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico); non-breeders range mostly in Mexico to eastern Chiapas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700491","caskin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caskin","avibase-178B8955",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19689#page/287/mode/1up","Tyrannus vociferans"],["13925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus vociferans vociferans","Swainson, 1826","The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts 20 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds arid western USA to central Mexico; winters to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6904F986",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19689#page/287/mode/1up","Tyrannus vociferans"],["13926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus vociferans xenopterus","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Mexico (Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25684347",null,null,"Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/451/mode/1up","Tyrannus vociferans xenopterum"],["13927","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus forficatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.931","Scissor-tailed Flycatcher","Scissor-tailed Flycatcher","Scissor-tailed Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds south-central USA; winters to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700500","sctfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctfly","avibase-6F65F82B",null,null,"Nova Hispania [= Mexico] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/432/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] forficata"],["13928","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Tyrannus verticalis","Say, 1822","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.60,note","Western Kingbird","Western Kingbird","Western Kingbird",null,null,"breeds western North America; winters southern Mexico to Costa Rica and (?) Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700497","weskin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weskin","avibase-2281F1C7",null,null,"near La Junta, Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/72/mode/1up","Tyrannus verticalis"],["13929","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscigralla","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscigralla brevicauda [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,"Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/177/mode/1up","Muscigralla"],["13930","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscigralla brevicauda","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.61","Short-tailed Field Tyrant","Short-tailed Field Tyrant","Short-tailed Field-tyrant",null,null,"arid southwestern Ecuador to far northern Chile; Gorgona Island (Colombia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700208","stftyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stftyr1","avibase-C1450281",null,null,"Tacna, Peru.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/177/mode/1up","M[uscigralla] brevicauda"],["13931","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannula ferruginea [Swainson, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49). = Muscicapa flammiceps Temminck, 1822  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/157/mode/1up","Myiophobus"],["13932","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus cryptoxanthus","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.465","Olive-chested Flycatcher","Olive-chested Flycatcher","Olive-chested Flycatcher",null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (San Martín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699708","olcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olcfly1","avibase-512BC132",null,null,"Gualaquiza, Morona-Santiago and Zamora, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador; restricted to Zamora (J. T. Z.).","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/579/mode/1up","Myiobius cryptoxanthus"],["13933","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus fasciatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.172","Bran-colored Flycatcher","Bran-colored Flycatcher","Bran-colored Flycatcher","2025-0462","<em>Myiophobus fasciatus</em> is split into three species based on consistent differences in plumages and vocalizations: <em>M. fasciatus</em> (polytypic); <em>M. rufescens </em>(monotypic); and <em>M. crypterythrus</em> (monotypic). Differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016zz) are marked but no formal analyses have been undertaken, and reports of intergrades between <em>crypterythrus </em>and <em>rufescens </em>(Zimmer 1939; Koepcke 1961) seem questionable.","dry forest, scrub, riparian thickets, brushy savanna, river islands, and bamboo stands from the Pacific slope of Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama (including the Pearl Islands), in the foothills of the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, east of the Andes in northern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and northern Guianas, the tepuis of eastern Venezuela, northernmost Brazil (Roraima), and adjacent Guyana, along the western Andes of Colombia (southward to Nariño), the foothills of the eastern Andes, and locally in the lowlands of eastern Ecuador to central Argentina (Mendoza to Buenos Aires), but local in the Amazon basin; populations of central Argentina winter northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682408","brcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcfly1","avibase-0402B179",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/192/mode/1up","Muscicapa fasciata"],["13934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus fasciatus furfurosus","(Thayer & Bangs, 1905)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 46, no.8 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama, including Pearl Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F1E2678",null,null,"Saboga Island, Bay of Panama.","The mammals and birds of the Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98450#page/184/mode/1up","Myiobius naevius furfurosus"],["13935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus fasciatus fasciatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"local in Venezuela including the Bocas Islands, Trinidad, the Guianas (mainly coastal areas), northern Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, and northernmost Pará), Colombia (except north and west of the Andes, and much of the east), and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87D2AD50",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/192/mode/1up","Muscicapa fasciata"],["13936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus fasciatus saturatus","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (San Martín to central Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43AB5620",null,null,"Chirimoto, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/108/mode/1up","Myiobius naevius saturatus"],["13937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus fasciatus auriceps","(Gould & Gray, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco) to northern Bolivia, northern Argentina, and western Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1EF5771",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/87/mode/1up","Myiobius auriceps"],["13938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus fasciatus flammiceps","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.24, vol.3 text to pl.144 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern Pará) to Uruguay, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79331BDE",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 250.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/250/mode/1up","Muscicapa flammiceps"],["13939","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus crypterythrus","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.464","Mouse-grey Flycatcher","Mouse-gray Flycatcher","Mouse-grey Flycatcher","2025-0462","<em>Myiophobus fasciatus</em> is split into three species based on consistent differences in plumages and vocalizations: <em>M. fasciatus</em> (polytypic); <em>M. rufescens </em>(monotypic); and <em>M. crypterythrus</em> (monotypic). Differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016zz) are marked but no formal analyses have been undertaken, and reports of intergrades between <em>crypterythrus </em>and <em>rufescens </em>(Zimmer 1939; Koepcke 1961) seem questionable.","west of the Andes in southwestern Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (southward to southwestern Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682414","brcfly4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcfly4","avibase-3CD56839",null,null,"Pallatanga, Babahoyo and Esmeraldas, western Ecuador; type from Pallatanga, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 254.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/578/mode/1up","Myiobius crypterythrus"],["13940","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus rufescens","(Salvadori, 1864)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 7 p.152","Rufescent Flycatcher","Rufescent Flycatcher","Rufescent Flycatcher","2025-0462","<em>Myiophobus fasciatus</em> is split into three species based on consistent differences in plumages and vocalizations: <em>M. fasciatus</em> (polytypic); <em>M. rufescens </em>(monotypic); and <em>M. crypterythrus</em> (monotypic). Differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016zz) are marked but no formal analyses have been undertaken, and reports of intergrades between <em>crypterythrus </em>and <em>rufescens </em>(Zimmer 1939; Koepcke 1961) seem questionable.","west of the Andes from northern Peru (southern Lambayeque) southward to far northern Chile (Arica)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682419","brcfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcfly3","avibase-A3E31B1F",null,null,"Brazil; error, Lima, Peru suggested by Zimmer, 1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 380",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40865#page/466/mode/1up","Myiobius rufescens"],["13941","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus roraimae","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.207","Roraiman Flycatcher","Roraiman Flycatcher","Roraiman Flycatcher",null,null,"montane cloudforest and sandy-soil forest in the tepuis of southern and southeastern Venezuela, far northern Brazil (northern Roraima), and adjacent Guyana, disjunctly in outlying ridges in southeastern Ecuador (cordillera de Cutucu, cordillera del Condor, and locally in the southeastern Andes), southward locally along the eastern Andes of Peru to (very locally) northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699677","rorfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rorfly1","avibase-8B3AAC3B",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/255/mode/1up","Myiobius roraimae"],["13942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus roraimae sadiecoatsae","Dickerman & Phelps, 1987","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 41 p.29 [27-32]",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, southern Venezuela, bordering northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00B4C66A",null,null,"Valle de la base norte del Pico Cardona, Cerro de la Neblina, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Tres nuevos atrapamoscas (Tyrannidae) del Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/tres-nuevos-atrapamoscas-tyrannidae-del-cerro-de-la-neblina-territorio-amazonas-venezuela/","Miophobus roraimae sadiecoatsae"],["13943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus roraimae roraimae","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and Mt. Roraima, far northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1465E8C",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/255/mode/1up","Myiobius roraimae"],["13944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus roraimae rufipennis","Carriker, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"very locally in eastern Colombia (Mitú), Ecuador (Cordillera de Cucutú and Cordillera del Cóndor), eastern Peru, and northwestern Bolivia (Cerro Asunta Pata)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF4480DA",null,null,"La Oroya, 3,000 ft., Sandia, Puno, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064115","Myiophobus rufipennis"],["13945","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus phoenicomitra","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.91","Orange-crested Flycatcher","Orange-crested Flycatcher","Orange-crested Flycatcher",null,null,"wet foothill forest in the western slope of the western Andes of Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador, the northern end of the Central Andes of Colombia, and the eastern slope of the eastern Andes from southern Colombia southward to southern Ecuador, and locally in northeastern Peru (San Martín and adjacent eastern Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699671","orcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcfly1","avibase-F9FB9FEE",null,null,"[Hacienda] Mapoto, Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/135/mode/1up","Myiobius phoenicomitra"],["13946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus phoenicomitra litae","(Hartert, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of Colombia (southern Chocó) and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C01494",null,null,"Lita, 3,000 ft. Imbabura, Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of some new South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/198/mode/1up","Myiobius litae"],["13947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus phoenicomitra phoenicomitra","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Ecuador to northern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C1472F1",null,null,"[Hacienda] Mapoto, Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/135/mode/1up","Myiobius phoenicomitra"],["13948","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus inornatus","Carriker, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.461","Unadorned Flycatcher","Unadorned Flycatcher","Unadorned Flycatcher",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699674","unafly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unafly1","avibase-E9903459",null,null,"Santo Domingo (Inca Mine), 6,000 ft., Puno, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064115","Myiophobus inornatus"],["13949","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus flavicans","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.464","Flavescent Flycatcher","Flavescent Flycatcher","Flavescent Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy eastward to Sucre), the Sierra de Perijá, the Andes from western Venezuela southward across the Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (Piura and Cajamarca), and the eastern Andes of Peru east and south of the Río Marañón (Amazonas to northwestern Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699668","flafly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flafly2","avibase-5D79CB29",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador and 'Bogotá,' Colombia; type from Pallatanga, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 246.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/578/mode/1up","Myiobius flavicans"],["13950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus flavicans flavicans","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B4B7578",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador and 'Bogotá,' Colombia; type from Pallatanga, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 246.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/578/mode/1up","Myiobius flavicans"],["13951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus flavicans perijanus","Phelps & Phelps, 1957","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá and Páramo de Tamá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A7D0FC4",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, 2,300 m., upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Description of four new Venezuelan birds, extensions of ranges to Venezuela and other notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/138/mode/1up","Myiophobus flavicans perijanus"],["13952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus flavicans venezuelanus","(Hellmayr, 1920)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.3 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Táchira to Distrito Federal and Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B7BB209",null,null,"Galipán, Cerro de Avila, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.","New neotropical birds described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/28/mode/1up","Myiobius flavicans venezuelanus"],["13953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus flavicans caripensis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1954","American Museum Novitates no.1657 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northeastern Venezuela (Monagas and Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EBB89C8",null,null,"Cerro Negro, 1,500 m., Caripe, Monagas, Venezuela.","A new flycatcher from Venezuela, with remarks on the Mocquerys collection and the piculet, Picumnus squamulatus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4962/","Myiophobus flavicans caripensis"],["13954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiophobus flavicans superciliosus","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.538",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Peru (southern Amazonas to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51AAF76C",null,null,"Ropaybamba, Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/696/mode/1up","Myiobius superciliosus"],["13955","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix","Lanyon, 1986","American Museum Novitates no.2846 p.26,27",null,null,null,"2025-0463","The genus <em>Ochthoeca </em>is restricted to ten species (including <em>salvini</em>) based on genetic evidence (Tello et al. 2009; Harvey et al. 2020), with <em>Silvicultrix </em>used for <em>frontalis, pulchella, diadema</em>, and <em>jelskii </em>as proposed by Lanyon (1986), and <em>Colorhamphus parvirostris</em> retained as a monotypic genus. An earlier study based on short segments of mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) lacked sufficient resolution to be informative.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiobius diadema [Hartlaub, 1843]; type by original designation",null,"A phylogeny of the thirty-three genera in the Empidonax assemblage of tyrant flycatchers.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3581/","Silvicultrix"],["13956","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix frontalis","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.70","Crowned Chat-Tyrant","Crowned Chat-Tyrant","Crowned Chat-tyrant","2026-061","The two subspecies of <em>Silvicultrix spodionota</em> (<em>spodionota</em> and <em>boliviana</em>) are treated as subspecies of <em>S. frontalis</em> pending further research. Geographic patterns of plumage variation are complex, especially within the <em>spodionota</em> group, and apparent vocal differences remain inadequately documented (Remsen 2024g). Although analysis of mitochondrial DNA data (from Winger &amp; Bates 2015) indicates a relatively deep divergence between the <em>frontalis</em> and <em>spodionota</em> groups, taxonomic sampling was incomplete and limited geographically. A comprehensive analysis of plumage, genetics and vocalizations is needed before implementing any splits within this complex.","montane cloudforest, bamboo stands, and treeline in northeastern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela, the northwestern and central Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador (western Andes to west-central Ecuador) to northern Peru (north of the Río Marañón), and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru (Amazonas) southward to central Bolivia (to far western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699898","crocht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crocht1","avibase-5F7F8EA6",null,null,"Pasto, Peru [= Colombia].","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/78/mode/1up","Tyrannula frontalis"],["13957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix frontalis albidiadema","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Norte de Santander to Cundinamarca); recently recorded far southwestern Táchira (southwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22BCBA8E",null,null,"Colombia; restricted to 'Bogotá' by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 51.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/16/mode/1up","Setophaga albidiadema"],["13958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix frontalis frontalis","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia, Ecuador (both slopes), and northwestern Peru (southward to eastern La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E96CC0C",null,null,"Pasto, Peru [= Colombia].","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/78/mode/1up","Tyrannula frontalis"],["13959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix frontalis spodionota","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Junín, western Cusco (in Cordillera Vilcabamba), and adjoining northeastern Ayacucho, in central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F88B8603",null,null,"Pariayacu, Maraynioc, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/414/mode/1up","Ochthoeca Jelskii spodionota"],["13960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix frontalis boliviana","(Carriker, 1935)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southern Peru (San Martín southward to Huánuco, and Urubamba Valley in southern Cusco), and Bolivia (eastern slope from La Paz southeastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64DC17F5",null,null,"Hichuloma, 10,000 ft.. La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Ochthoeca jelskii boliviana"],["13961","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix diadema","(Hartlaub, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.289","Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant","Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant","Yellow-bellied Chat-tyrant",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela (Aragua to Miranda), the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, the Andes of western Venezuela southward in all Andes of Colombia to northern Peru (to Cajamarca), and the western Andes southward to west-central Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699912","yebcht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcht1","avibase-D6F1EBE0",null,null,"New Grenada; restricted to 'Bogotá' by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 53.","Description de quatre espèces d'oiseaux de la Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/297/mode/1up","Myiobius diadema"],["13962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix diadema jesupi","(Allen, 1900)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13, art.14 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33F16638",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","List of Birds collected in the District of Santa Marta, Colombia, by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/719","Ochthoeca jesupi"],["13963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix diadema rubellula","(Wetmore, 1946)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sierra de Perijá) and northwestern Venezuela (Zulia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DADF068",null,null,"above Laguna de Juncos, 8,000-9,000 ft., slopes of Cerro Pintado, Sierra de Perijá, Magdalena, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/663/mode/1up","Ochthoeca diadema rubellula"],["13964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix diadema tovarensis","(Gilliard, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1071 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Aragua and Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20BD54C4",null,null,"Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m., Aragua, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seven new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2235/","Ochthoeca diadema tovarensis"],["13965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix diadema diadema","(Hartlaub, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50BC4125",null,null,"New Grenada; restricted to 'Bogotá' by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 53.","Description de quatre espèces d'oiseaux de la Nouvelle-Grenade.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/297/mode/1up","Myiobius diadema"],["13966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix diadema gratiosa","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13FF60AB",null,null,"Ecuador; restricted to Verdecocha, on slope of Pichincha (J. T. Z.).","On Two New Species of Tyrant-birds from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/143/mode/1up","Mecocerculus gratiosus"],["13967","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix jelskii","(Taczanowski, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.71","Jelski's Chat-Tyrant","Jelski's Chat-Tyrant","Jelski's Chat-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (south to Lima and Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699905","jelcht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jelcht1","avibase-0A34575D",null,null,"Montaña de Nancho, Perú","Desciption des espèces nouvelles de la collection péruvienne de M. le Dr. Raimondi de Lima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/137/mode/1up","Ochthoeca Jelskii"],["13968","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix pulchella","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.355","Golden-browed Chat-Tyrant","Golden-browed Chat-Tyrant","Golden-browed Chat-tyrant",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes from northern Peru (Amazonas), southward to central Bolivia (far western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699919","gobcht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobcht1","avibase-0C04EC23",null,null,"Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/443/mode/1up","Ochthoeca pulchella"],["13969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix pulchella similis","(Carriker, 1933)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (southern Amazonas to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33AC6A6B",null,null,"Leymebamba, 7,000 ft., Amazonas, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Ochthoeca pulchella similis"],["13970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Silvicultrix pulchella pulchella","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Ayacucho) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-648BAC0B",null,null,"Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/443/mode/1up","Ochthoeca pulchella"],["13971","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colorhamphus","Sundevall, 1872","Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 1 p.59",null,null,null,"2025-0463","The genus <em>Ochthoeca </em>is restricted to ten species (including <em>salvini</em>) based on genetic evidence (Tello et al. 2009; Harvey et al. 2020), with <em>Silvicultrix </em>used for <em>frontalis, pulchella, diadema</em>, and <em>jelskii </em>as proposed by Lanyon (1986), and <em>Colorhamphus parvirostris</em> retained as a monotypic genus. An earlier study based on short segments of mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) lacked sufficient resolution to be informative.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiobius parvirostris [Gould & Gray, GR, 1839]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214645#page/141/mode/1up","Colorhamphus"],["13972","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colorhamphus parvirostris","(Gould & Gray, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt3 no.9 p.48","Patagonian Tyrant","Patagonian Tyrant","Patagonian Tyrant","2025-0463","The genus <em>Ochthoeca </em>is restricted to ten species (including <em>salvini</em>) based on genetic evidence (Tello et al. 2009; Harvey et al. 2020), with <em>Silvicultrix </em>used for <em>frontalis, pulchella, diadema</em>, and <em>jelskii </em>as proposed by Lanyon (1986), and <em>Colorhamphus parvirostris</em> retained as a monotypic genus. An earlier study based on short segments of mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) lacked sufficient resolution to be informative.","southern Chile (Valdivia) and adjacent Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699963","pattyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pattyr2","avibase-BB5C6141",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego, 'banks of the [La] Plata' [error], and near Valparaiso in Chile; type is marked as from Santa Cruz, Patagonia, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 401.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/88/mode/1up","Myiobius parvirostris"],["13973","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.255",null,null,null,"2025-0463","The genus <em>Ochthoeca </em>is restricted to ten species (including <em>salvini</em>) based on genetic evidence (Tello et al. 2009; Harvey et al. 2020), with <em>Silvicultrix </em>used for <em>frontalis, pulchella, diadema</em>, and <em>jelskii </em>as proposed by Lanyon (1986), and <em>Colorhamphus parvirostris</em> retained as a monotypic genus. An earlier study based on short segments of mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) lacked sufficient resolution to be informative.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fluvicola oenanthoides [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 48).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/263/mode/1up","Ochthoeca"],["13974","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca salvini","Taczanowski, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.324","Tumbes Tyrant","Tumbes Chat-Tyrant","Tumbes Tyrant","2025-0463","The genus <em>Ochthoeca </em>is restricted to ten species (including <em>salvini</em>) based on genetic evidence (Tello et al. 2009; Harvey et al. 2020), with <em>Silvicultrix </em>used for <em>frontalis, pulchella, diadema</em>, and <em>jelskii </em>as proposed by Lanyon (1986), and <em>Colorhamphus parvirostris</em> retained as a monotypic genus. An earlier study based on short segments of mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) lacked sufficient resolution to be informative.","arid northwestern Peru (Tumbes to La Libertad)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699951","tumtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tumtyr2","avibase-38AAAD74",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/422/mode/1up","Ochthoeca salvini"],["13975","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.291","Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant","Chestnut-bellied Chat-Tyrant","Slaty-backed Chat-tyrant","2025-0461","<em>Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris</em> is split into three species based on genetics, plumages, and vocalizations: <em>O. cinnamomeiventris </em>(monotypic); <em>O. nigrita</em> (monotypic); and <em>O. thoracica </em>(polytypic, including <em>angustifasciata</em>). Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) support recognition of three species; the split of <em>thoracica </em>is also supported by mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) and vocal data (Farnsworth &amp; Langham 2020). Vocal data for <em>nigrita </em>is limited and further vocal studies are warranted.","Andes of Colombia, Ecuador (entire east slope, southward on the west slope to Chimborazo), and far northern Peru (east slope, north and west of the Marañón Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682781","slbcht2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcht2","avibase-5E381EA4",null,null,"Colombia; restricted to 'Bogotá' by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 50.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/299/mode/1up","Muscicapa cinnamomeiventris"],["13976","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca nigrita","Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.787","Blackish Chat-Tyrant","Blackish Chat-Tyrant","Blackish Chat-tyrant","2025-0461","<em>Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris</em> is split into three species based on genetics, plumages, and vocalizations: <em>O. cinnamomeiventris </em>(monotypic); <em>O. nigrita</em> (monotypic); and <em>O. thoracica </em>(polytypic, including <em>angustifasciata</em>). Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) support recognition of three species; the split of <em>thoracica </em>is also supported by mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) and vocal data (Farnsworth &amp; Langham 2020). Vocal data for <em>nigrita </em>is limited and further vocal studies are warranted.","Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida, western Barinas, and Táchira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682791","slbcht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcht1","avibase-DEB8EAC8",null,null,"páramos of Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/907/mode/1up","Ochthoeca nigrita"],["13977","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca thoracica","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.133","Maroon-belted Chat-Tyrant","Maroon-belted Chat-Tyrant","Chestnut-belted Chat-tyrant","2025-0461","<em>Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris</em> is split into three species based on genetics, plumages, and vocalizations: <em>O. cinnamomeiventris </em>(monotypic); <em>O. nigrita</em> (monotypic); and <em>O. thoracica </em>(polytypic, including <em>angustifasciata</em>). Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) support recognition of three species; the split of <em>thoracica </em>is also supported by mitochondrial DNA (García-Moreno et al. 1998) and vocal data (Farnsworth &amp; Langham 2020). Vocal data for <em>nigrita </em>is limited and further vocal studies are warranted.","montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes of northern Peru (from Amazonas, south and east of the Marañón Valley) southward to central Bolivia (far western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682795","slbcht3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcht3","avibase-DAF56766",null,null,"Chilpes, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/201/mode/1up","Ochthoeca thoracica"],["13978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca thoracica angustifasciata","Chapman, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru in Amazonas (south and east of the Marañón Valley) and San Martín, populations south of Huánuco probably also this subspecies; also locally in east-central and southeastern Cajamarca, west of the Marañón Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B7DD3CA",null,null,"La Lejia, about 9,000 ft., north of Chachapoyas, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Ochthoeca thoracica angustifasciata"],["13979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca thoracica thoracica","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Pasco) to western Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B488F70C",null,null,"Chilpes, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/201/mode/1up","Ochthoeca thoracica"],["13980","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca superciliosa","Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.786","Rufous-browed Chat-Tyrant","Rufous-browed Chat-Tyrant","Rufous-browed Chat-tyrant","2025-0460","Taxon <em>superciliosa </em>(monotypic) is split from <em>Ochthoeca fumicolor</em> (polytypic) following Cory &amp; Hellmayr (1927). Plumage differences between <em>O. superciliosa</em> and <em>O. fumicolor </em>are marked and vocal differences have been noted. However, formal analysis of vocalizations and genetic studies are needed.","Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and eastern Táchira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682880","bnbcht2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnbcht2","avibase-11773DB9",null,null,"páramos of Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/906/mode/1up","Ochthoeca superciliosa"],["13981","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca fumicolor","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.28 pl.117","Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant","Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant","Brown-backed Chat-tyrant","2025-0460","Taxon <em>superciliosa </em>(monotypic) is split from <em>Ochthoeca fumicolor</em> (polytypic) following Cory &amp; Hellmayr (1927). Plumage differences between <em>O. superciliosa</em> and <em>O. fumicolor </em>are marked and vocal differences have been noted. However, formal analysis of vocalizations and genetic studies are needed.","shrubby paramo, treeline, Polylepis woodland, and Espeletia paramo in the Andes from far western Venezuela southward in all Andes of Colombia to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682812","bbctyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbctyr1","avibase-1FDE49DF",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/62/mode/1up","Ochthoeca fumicolor"],["13982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca fumicolor ferruginea","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.930 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24B16777",null,null,"Santa Elena, 9,000 ft., Antioquia, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 26, Notes on the genera Agriornis, Muscisaxicola, Myiotheretes, Ochthoeca, Colonia, Knipolegus, Phaeotriccus, Fluvicola, and Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3922/","Ochthoeca fumicolor ferruginea"],["13983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca fumicolor fumicolor","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.28 pl.117",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela (western Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9648C1D5",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/62/mode/1up","Ochthoeca fumicolor"],["13984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca fumicolor brunneifrons","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Andes of Colombia to central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE496DCB",null,null,"'In Peruvia centrali et septentrionali et in Ecuadoria'; restricted to Maraynioc, Junín, Perus (J. T. Z).","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/413/mode/1up","Ochthoeca oenanthoides brunneifrons"],["13985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca fumicolor berlepschi","Hellmayr, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-870032E2",null,null,"Malaga, western [?] Bolivia.","Critical notes on the types of little-known species of Neotropical Birds. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/183/mode/1up","Ochthoeca fumicolor berlepschi"],["13986","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.60","Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant","Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant","Rufous-breasted Chat-tyrant",null,null,"humid to semi-humid montane forest, woodland, and treeline in the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, and the Andes of northeastern Colombia southward along the western and central Andes of Colombia to northwestern Peru (Ancash and adjacent Lima), and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699930","rbctyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbctyr1","avibase-15FF866A",null,null,"Ayupaya [=Ayopayo, Cochabamba] , Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/176/mode/1up","F[luvicola] rufi-pectoralis"],["13987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis poliogastra","Salvin & Godman, 1880","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F362638",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On the Birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/379/mode/1up","Ochthoeca poliogastra"],["13988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis rubicundula","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-949D123E",null,null,"above Airoca, between 9,500 and 10,000 ft.. Sierra de Perijá, Magdalena, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/664/mode/1up","Ochthoeca rufi-pectoralis rubicundulus"],["13989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis obfuscata","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1203 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Andes of Colombia to Peru (northwestern San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6F0109C",null,null,"Taulis, 8,850 ft., northeast of Pacasmayo, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 44, Notes on the genera Diglossa and Cyanerpes, with addenda to Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3802/","Ochthoeca rufi-pectoralis obfuscata"],["13990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis rufopectus","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.10 col.233",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (south to Bogotá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1F5E359",null,null,"Colombia; restricted to Pacho, Cundinamarca by Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no 1203, p. 14.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (13e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/86/mode/1up","Tyrannulus rufopectus"],["13991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis centralis","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (southern La Libertad, Ancash, and Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92B475BB",null,null,"Panao Mountains [? =mountains near Panao], 10,300 ft., Huánuco, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/63/mode/1up","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis centralis"],["13992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis tectricialis","Chapman, 1921","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 117 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Peru (Pasco to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30900278",null,null,"Huaracondo Cañon, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","On distribution of bird life in the Urubamba Valley of Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49002#page/106/mode/1up","Ochthoeca lessoni tectricialis"],["13993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca rufipectoralis rufipectoralis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B2616FD",null,null,"Ayupaya [=Ayopayo, Cochabamba] , Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/176/mode/1up","F[luvicola] rufi-pectoralis"],["13994","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca piurae","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.118 p.3","Piura Chat-Tyrant","Piura Chat-Tyrant","Piura Chat-tyrant",null,null,"locally in Andes of northwestern Peru (Piura to Ancash)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699947","pictyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pictyr1","avibase-AA1E1D68",null,null,"Palambla, 6,500 ft., Piura, Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Ochthoeca piurae"],["13995","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca oenanthoides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.60","D'Orbigny's Chat-Tyrant","d'Orbigny's Chat-Tyrant","d'Orbigny's Chat-tyrant",null,null,"arid montane forest, woodland, and cacti in the Andes from northern Peru (southern Cajamarca) southward to far northern Chile and northwestern Argentina (to Mendoza)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699938","dorcht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dorcht1","avibase-9A5ACC7C",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/176/mode/1up","F[luvicola] OEnanthoides"],["13996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca oenanthoides polionota","Sclater & Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (northward to La Libertad and western Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11B12B28",null,null,"Pitumarca, Cuzco, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part V.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/715/mode/1up","Ochthoeca polionota"],["13997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca oenanthoides oenanthoides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia to far northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A74354EF",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/176/mode/1up","F[luvicola] OEnanthoides"],["13998","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca leucophrys","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.60","White-browed Chat-Tyrant","White-browed Chat-Tyrant","White-browed Chat-tyrant",null,null,"dry to semi-humid scrub and woodland in the Andes of southern Ecuador, and from northern Peru in the upper Marañón Valley, southward to northernmost Chile and northwestern Argentina (to northern Mendoza)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699943","wbctyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbctyr1","avibase-C0949BA5",null,null,"Sicasica, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/176/mode/1up","F[luvicola] leucophrys"],["13999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca leucophrys dissors","Zimmer, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1066 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Ecuador (southern Azuay and northern Loja) and northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A303A8B",null,null,"Cajamarca, Perú","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 34, The genera Todirostrum, Euscarthmornis, Snethlagea, Poecilotriccus, Lophotriccus, Myiornis, Pseudotriccus and Hemitriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4866/","Ochthoeca leucophrys dissors"],["14000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca leucophrys interior","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco and Pasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03F6C86F",null,null,"mountains near Huánuco, 12,200 ft., Peru.","Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/145/mode/1up","Ochthoeca leucophrys interior"],["14001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca leucophrys urubambae","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.930 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Junín to northeastern Ayacucho and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62B16F28",null,null,"Ttica-Ttica, 11,500 ft., near Cuzco, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 26, Notes on the genera Agriornis, Muscisaxicola, Myiotheretes, Ochthoeca, Colonia, Knipolegus, Phaeotriccus, Fluvicola, and Ramphotrigon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3922/","Ochthoeca leucophrys urubambae"],["14002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca leucophrys leucometopa","Sclater & Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of Peru (Ancash) to far northwestern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BEDDB05",null,null,"'W. Peru, Prov. Cuzco (Whitely); district of Junín (Jelski)'; type from Chihuata, above Arequipa, Peru, /tc?e Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 46.","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/23/mode/1up","Ochthoeca leucometopa"],["14003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca leucophrys leucophrys","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F095430",null,null,"Sicasica, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/176/mode/1up","F[luvicola] leucophrys"],["14004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthoeca leucophrys tucumana","Berlepsch, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Salta to San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F09313EC",null,null,"Norco, Tucumán, Argentina.","On seven new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/124/mode/1up","Ochthoeca leucophrys tucumana"],["14005","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phelpsia","Lanyon, 1984","American Museum Novitates no.2797 p.24,25 dP",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiozetetes inornatus [Lawrence, 1869]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A phylogeny of the kingbirds and their allies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5271/","Phelpsia"],["14006","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Phelpsia inornata","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.268","White-bearded Flycatcher","White-bearded Flycatcher","White-bearded Flycatcher",null,null,"llanos of Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700609","whbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbfly1","avibase-A9828586",null,null,"Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Characters of some new South American birds, with notes on other rare or little known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/284/mode/1up","Myiozetetes inornatus"],["14007","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Guyramemua","Lopes, Chaves, Aquino et al., 2017","Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56 270-279",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Suiriri affinis [Burmeister, 1856]",null,"The striking polyphyly of Suiriri: Convergent evolution and social mimicry in two cryptic Neotropical birds","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jzs.12200","Guyramemua"],["14008","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Guyramemua affine","(Burmeister, 1856)","Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens, welche während einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraës gesammelt oder beobachtet wurden 2 p.477","Chapada Flycatcher","Chapada Flycatcher","Chapada Flycatcher","2025-N031","<em>Guyramemua affinis</em> has also been used. <em>Guyramemua </em>was declared neuter by the original describers, stipulating the use of <em>affine</em>.","Cerrado region of Brazil and adjacent eastern Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729445","chafly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chafly3","avibase-7423BFED",null,null,"Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48291#page/505/mode/1up","Elaenea affinis"],["14009","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sublegatus glaber [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868]; type by monotypy",null,"On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/220/mode/1up","Sublegatus"],["14010","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus modestus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.923","Southern Scrub Flycatcher","Southern Scrub-Flycatcher","Southern Scrub-flycatcher",null,null,"breeds in open and deciduous woodland and scrub from northern and eastern Bolivia and southern Brazil southward through Paraguay and Uruguay to south-central Argentina (to Río Negro); winters from far northern Argentina northward to southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and northeastern Brazil, and more locally in the Amazon basin to southern Guyana and Suriname",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699211","sosfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sosfly1","avibase-C7B64D32",null,null,"Camamu and Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/945/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] modesta"],["14011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus modestus modestus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.923",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to eastern Brazil (Maranhão, Pernambuco, and Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FBB8FA7",null,null,"Camamu and Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/945/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] modesta"],["14012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus modestus brevirostris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, Uruguay, and south-central Argentina (to Río Negro); winters from far northern Argentina northward to Peru and the Amazon basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-970DA48E",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/165/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] brevirostris"],["14013","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus obscurior","Todd, 1920","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.72","Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher","Amazonian Scrub-Flycatcher","Amazonian Scrub-flycatcher",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699205","amsfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amsfly1","avibase-7EAD5553",null,null,"Cayenne, French Guiana.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/96/mode/1up","Sublegatus glaber obscurior"],["14014","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus arenarum","(Salvin, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.190","Northern Scrub Flycatcher","Northern Scrub-Flycatcher","Northern Scrub-flycatcher",null,null,"open arid scrub, woodland, secondary scrub, and mangroves from the Pacific lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica and western to eastern Panama (including islands off Pacific coast and the canal zone), in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward to the middle Magdalena Valley, the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, and east of the Andes in northern Venezuela, Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Isla Margarita, and Trinidad, eastward to coastal Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699200","nosfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nosfly1","avibase-1C60CF96",null,null,"Punta Arenas, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/260/mode/1up","Elainea arenarum"],["14015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus arenarum arenarum","(Salvin, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica and western to eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A99DCD18",null,null,"Punta Arenas, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/260/mode/1up","Elainea arenarum"],["14016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus arenarum atrirostris","(Lawrence, 1871)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (off southern Panama) and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-226EC7F6",null,null,"'Venezuela?'; type specimen labeled Cartagena, Colombia, fide Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 423.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28117#page/234/mode/1up","Empidonax atrirostris"],["14017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus arenarum glaber","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.171,172 pl.13 fig.2 fig.text",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Venezuela including islas Margarita and Patos, Trinidad, and the northern Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A27A9277",null,null,"Venezuela; type from Caracas, fide Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 158.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/219/mode/1up","Sublegatus glaber"],["14018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus arenarum tortugensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales no.65-66 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla La Tortuga (off northern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AABF969D",null,null,"Garambeo, Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela.","Descripción de cinco aves nuevas de Venezuela y comentarios sobre Columbigallina passerina tortugensis Fernández y Machaeropterus regulus aureopectus Phelps y Gilliard","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cinco-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-comentarios-sobre-columbigallina-passerina-tortugensis-fernandez-y-machaeropterus-regulus-aureopectus-phelps-y-gilliard/","Sublegatus glaber tortugensis"],["14019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus arenarum pallens","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1109 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F866B4D1",null,null,"Savonet, Curaçao.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 37, The genera Sublegatus, Phaeomyias[,] Camptostoma, Xanthomyias, Phyllomyias, and Tyranniscus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4794/","Sublegatus glaber pallens"],["14020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sublegatus arenarum orinocensis","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1109 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia and Río Orinoco Valley of southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A18CD8D",null,null,"Altagracia, Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 37, The genera Sublegatus, Phaeomyias[,] Camptostoma, Xanthomyias, Phyllomyias, and Tyranniscus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4794/","Sublegatus glaber orinocensis"],["14021","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colonia","Gray, 1828","The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 6 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa colonus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103397#page/388/mode/1up","Colonia"],["14022","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colonia colonus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.448","Long-tailed Tyrant","Long-tailed Tyrant","Long-tailed Tyrant",null,null,"humid forest and borders, disjunctly from the Caribbean slope of eastern Nicaragua southward to western Panama, and both slopes from central Panama to northern Colombia, thence southward along the Rio Cauca and Rio Magdalena (to Tolima), west of the Andes to northwestern Ecuador, east of the Andes in the foothills of the Andes from northeastern Colombia to central Bolivia, southern Venezuela, far northern Brazil (Amapá), and the Guianas, in Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (western Acre eastward to Piauí), and the Cerrado of interior Brazil to the Atlantic Forest (southern Bahia to Santa Catarina), western Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700318","lottyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lottyr1","avibase-3EB54C47",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/458/mode/1up","Muscicapa colonus"],["14023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colonia colonus leuconota","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras and eastern Nicaragua to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44853828",null,null,"Bolivia; error, restricted to 'Bogotá' by Hellmayr, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1125; emended to Honda, Tolima, Colombia by Chapman, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 432.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/347/mode/1up","Copurus leuconotus"],["14024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colonia colonus fuscicapillus","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia, northern Ecuador, and far northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12B33959",null,null,"'Bogotá'; restricted to Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia by Chapman, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 432.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/477/mode/1up","Copurus fuscicapillus"],["14025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colonia colonus poecilonota","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.702",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED2B8B40",null,null,"Canuku Mountains, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/192/mode/1up","Copurus poecilonotus"],["14026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colonia colonus niveiceps","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador, Peru (San Martín to northern Puno), and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E8A4537",null,null,"Poco Tambo, San Martin, Peru.","Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/148/mode/1up","Colonia colonus niveiceps"],["14027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Colonia colonus colonus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Brazil (southern Maranhão) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03942A2B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/458/mode/1up","Muscicapa colonus"],["14028","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Arundinicola","d'Orbigny, 1840","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 4 livr.3 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Arundinicola leucocephala [d'Orbigny, 1840]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 40). = Pipra leucocephala Linnaeus, 1764  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/350/mode/1up","Arundinicola"],["14029","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Arundinicola leucocephala","(Linnaeus, 1764)","Museum S:æ R:æ M:tis Adolphi Friderici Regis Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque (etc.) 2 p.33","White-headed Marsh Tyrant","White-headed Marsh Tyrant","White-headed Marsh-tyrant",null,null,"Colombia to Trinidad, the Guianas, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700291","whmtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whmtyr1","avibase-9C4B6D6D",null,null,"no locality; Surinam designated by Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 340.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209402#page/769/mode/1up","Pipra leucocephala"],["14030","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Fluvicola","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.10 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fluvicola cursoria [Swainson, 1832]; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1832, Zoological Illustrations, new ser., 2, pl. [46] and text). = Lanius nengeta Linnaeus, 1766.  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/200/mode/1up","Fluvicola"],["14031","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Fluvicola nengeta","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.135","Masked Water Tyrant","Masked Water-Tyrant","Masked Water-tyrant",null,null,"shrubby and open areas near ponds, streams, and marshes in the lowlands of far southwestern Colombia to far northwestern Peru, and disjunctly in eastern Brazil, including the southern Amazon basin (eastern Pará and Mato Grosso), southward across the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest to Mato Grosso do Sul, eastern Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina (rare), and northern Uruguay; range expanding southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700284","mawtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mawtyr1","avibase-4EB649D2",null,null,"BraziL",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/139/mode/1up","[Lanius] Nengeta"],["14032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Fluvicola nengeta atripennis","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño), southwestern Ecuador, to northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEF63150",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/362/mode/1up","Fluvicola atripennis"],["14033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Fluvicola nengeta nengeta","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Minas Gerais and northeastern São Paulo), eastern Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina, and northern Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76AF8D47",null,null,"BraziL",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/139/mode/1up","[Lanius] Nengeta"],["14034","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Fluvicola pica","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.42","Pied Water Tyrant","Pied Water-Tyrant","Pied Water-tyrant",null,null,"eastern Panama to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700274","piwtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piwtyr1","avibase-131BC7FC",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/64/mode/1up","Muscicapa pica"],["14035","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Fluvicola albiventer","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.21, pl.30, f.1","Black-backed Water Tyrant","Black-backed Water-Tyrant","Black-backed Water-tyrant",null,null,"Amazonian and eastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700279","bbwtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbwtyr1","avibase-85181E5D",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to northern Bahia by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 121.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/35/mode/1up","Muscicapa albiventer"],["14036","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus","Gould, 1838","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 3 pt3 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa coronata [auct. = J.F. Gmelin, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 30). = Muscicapa rubinus Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,null,"Pyrocephalus"],["14037","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus nanus","Gould, 1838","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.45 pl.7","Brujo Flycatcher","Brujo Flycatcher","Brujo Flycatcher","2025-0467","Two species are recognized in <em>Pyrocephalus</em>: <em>P. nanus</em> (polytypic, including <em>dubius</em>) and <em>P. rubinus </em>(polytypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Variously considered to comprise 2, 3 or 4 species, mitochondrial DNA data (Carmi et al. 2016) recovered multiple clades, with a deep divergence separating the two Galapagos Island taxa (<em>nanus</em> and <em>dubius</em>) from all continental forms. Further research is needed to define species limits within <em>P. rubinus sensu stricto</em>, as preliminary genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) conflict with some aspects of the mtDNA topology in Carmi et al. (2016); further revisions are likely, especially if a comprehensive review of vocalizations can be combined with more complete sampling at the genomic level.","dry to humid woodland from lowlands to hills of Galapagos (extinct or possibly so on Santa Cruz, Floreana, and San Cristóbal)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/279198786","brufly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brufly1","avibase-F7667798",null,null,"Galapagos Archipelago; type from James Island [= San Salvador] , fide Ridgway, 1894, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, p. 365.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/85/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus nanus"],["14038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus nanus nanus","Gould, 1838","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.45 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Galapagos (except San Cristóbal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55BCD678",null,null,"Galapagos Archipelago; type from James Island [= San Salvador] , fide Ridgway, 1894, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, p. 365.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/85/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus nanus"],["14039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus nanus dubius","Gould & Gray, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos); extinct, last reported 1987","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5C9273F",null,null,"Galapagos (Colon) Islands [= Chatham Island (Isla San Cristobal)] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/86/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus dubius"],["14040","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.42","Vermilion Flycatcher","Vermilion Flycatcher","Common Vermilion Flycatcher","2025-0467","Two species are recognized in <em>Pyrocephalus</em>: <em>P. nanus</em> (polytypic, including <em>dubius</em>) and <em>P. rubinus </em>(polytypic) based on genetics and vocalizations. Variously considered to comprise 2, 3 or 4 species, mitochondrial DNA data (Carmi et al. 2016) recovered multiple clades, with a deep divergence separating the two Galapagos Island taxa (<em>nanus</em> and <em>dubius</em>) from all continental forms. Further research is needed to define species limits within <em>P. rubinus sensu stricto</em>, as preliminary genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) conflict with some aspects of the mtDNA topology in Carmi et al. (2016); further revisions are likely, especially if a comprehensive review of vocalizations can be combined with more complete sampling at the genomic level.","disjunctly, southwestern USA from central California to northeastern Nicaragua, northern South America from Colombia to Guyana, and west of the Andes to southeastern Peru, and breeds northern Argentina and Uruguay to southern Brazil, Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia; southern breeders winter from southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to eastern Bolivia and central and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103682912","verfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verfly","avibase-1456993D",null,null,"restricted to Teffe, Brazil by Zimmer, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1126, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/64/mode/1up","Muscicapa rubinus"],["14041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus flammeus","Van Rossem, 1934","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to Baja California and northwestern Mexico (Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B12D8370",null,null,"Brawley, Imperial County, California.","Notes on some types of North American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/437/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus rubinus flammeus"],["14042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Texas to Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46231E5E",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Tampico, Tamaulipas by van Rossem, 1934, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 353.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/75/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus mexicanus"],["14043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus blatteus","Bangs, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F79091E9",null,null,"Sabune district [=?Sibun region, Belize District] , British Honduras.","Descriptions of new American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/219/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus rubineus blatteus"],["14044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus pinicola","Howell, 1965","The Auk 82, no.3 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland pine savanna of northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-449F8834",null,null,"Leicus Creek, ca. 65 m (200 ft.), 32 miles northwest of Puerto Cabezas, Comarca de El Cabo, Nicaragua.","New subspecies of birds from the lowland pine savanna of northeastern Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol82/iss3/5/","Pyrocephalus rubinus pinicola"],["14045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus saturatus","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90765960",null,null,"Altagracia, Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/52/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus rubinus saturatus"],["14046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus piurae","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1126 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (west of eastern Andes) to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7422700E",null,null,"Palambla, Piura, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 38, The genera Oreotriccus, Tyrannulus, Acrochordopus, Ornithion, Leptopogon, Mionectes, Pipromorpha, and Pyrocephalus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4748/","Pyrocephalus rubinus piurae"],["14047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus ardens","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1126 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Cajamarca, Amazonas, and far eastern Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3D1B648",null,null,"Perico, Río Chinchipe, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 38, The genera Oreotriccus, Tyrannulus, Acrochordopus, Ornithion, Leptopogon, Mionectes, Pipromorpha, and Pyrocephalus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4748/","Pyrocephalus rubinus ardens"],["14048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus obscurus","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"western Peru (Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D7B6645",null,null,"Lima, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/85/mode/1up","Pyrocephalus obscurus"],["14049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus cocachacrae","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1126 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Peru (Ica to Tacna) and adjacent northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93F54F01",null,null,"Cocachacra, Arequipa, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 38, The genera Oreotriccus, Tyrannulus, Acrochordopus, Ornithion, Leptopogon, Mionectes, Pipromorpha, and Pyrocephalus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4748/","Pyrocephalus rubinus cocachacrae"],["14050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Argentina and Uruguay to southern Brazil, Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia; winters from southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to eastern Bolivia and central and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24866D81",null,null,"restricted to Teffe, Brazil by Zimmer, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1126, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/64/mode/1up","Muscicapa rubinus"],["14051","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscipipra","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscipipra longipennis [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa vetula M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/425/mode/1up","Muscipipra"],["14052","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscipipra vetula","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.53","Shear-tailed Grey Tyrant","Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant","Shear-tailed Grey Tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700329","shtgrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtgrt1","avibase-F2935FD2",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/73/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] vetula"],["14053","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Gubernetes","Such, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gubernetes cunninghami [Such, 1825]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa yetapa Vieillot, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/142/mode/1up","Gubernetes"],["14054","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Gubernetes yetapa","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.460","Streamer-tailed Tyrant","Streamer-tailed Tyrant","Streamer-tailed Tyrant",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, south-central and southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700312","stttyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stttyr2","avibase-FFEDF8E6",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/470/mode/1up","Muscicapa yetapa"],["14055","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Heteroxolmis","Lanyon, 1986","American Museum Novitates no.2846 p.43,44,47,49",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","T[yrannus] dominicanus [Vieillot, 1823]",null,"A phylogeny of the thirty-three genera in the Empidonax assemblage of tyrant flycatchers.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3581/","Heteroxolmis"],["14056","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Heteroxolmis dominicana","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.93 p.856","Black-and-white Monjita","Black-and-white Monjita","Black-and-white Monjita",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Paraná) to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700052","bawmon3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawmon3","avibase-213CF028",null,null,"Paraguay, south of 27° S. Lat.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/464/mode/1up","T[yrannus] dominicanus"],["14057","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Alectrurus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gallita tricolor [ Vieillot, 1816]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f45.item","Alectrurus"],["14058","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Alectrurus tricolor","(Vieillot, 1816)","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68","Cock-tailed Tyrant","Cock-tailed Tyrant","Cock-tailed Tyrant",null,null,"locally in eastern Bolivia, northeastern Argentina, northeastern Paraguay, and southern Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700300","cottyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cottyr1","avibase-E78E6487",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale [= Paraguay, cf. Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 12, p. 408, ex Azara's 'Gallito, no. 225].",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Gallita tricolor"],["14059","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Alectrurus risora","(Vieillot, 1824)","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 1 p.209 pl.131","Strange-tailed Tyrant","Strange-tailed Tyrant","Strange-tailed Tyrant",null,null,"locally in eastern Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700303","stttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stttyr1","avibase-C93300CA",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio Grande do Sul by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves. Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool. São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 113.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/550/mode/1up","Muscicapa risora"],["14060","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthornis","Sclater, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 14 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Elainea littoralis [von Pelzeln, 1868]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34363#page/55/mode/1up","Ochthornis"],["14061","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Ochthornis littoralis","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.108,180","Drab Water Tyrant","Drab Water Tyrant","Drab Water-tyrant",null,null,"southern Guyana to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699970","drwtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drwtyr1","avibase-BFE83634",null,null,"Cachoeira Guajará-Guaçu, Rio Mamoré; Cachoeira da Bananeira and Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil; restricted to Borba (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/190/mode/1up","Elainea littoralis"],["14062","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Empidochanes fringillaris [von Pelzeln, 1868]; type by original designation = Muscipeta fuscata zu Wied, 1831  ",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/235/mode/1up","Cnemotriccus"],["14063","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.902","Fuscous Flycatcher","Fuscous Flycatcher","Fuscous Flycatcher",null,null,"riparian thickets, scrub, river islands, and gallery forest in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward to the headwaters of the Rio Magdalena, east of the Andes in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and Amapá (northeastern Brazil), and southward across Amazonia to southeastern Bolivia and northern Argentina (Tucuman to Corrientes); Argentine populations winter northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699748","fusfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fusfly1","avibase-4AB94B00",null,null,"no locality; probably Rio de Janeiro, cf. Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 222.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/924/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] fuscata"],["14064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus cabanisi","(Léotaud, 1866)","Oiseaux de l'île de la Trinidad (Antilles) p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia, northeastern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E415D55",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,null,"Empidonax cabanisi"],["14065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus duidae","Zimmer, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.994 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (upper Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD456CA",null,null,"Playa del Río Base, Cerro Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 29, The genera Myiarchus, Mitrephanes, and Cnemotriccus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3870/","Cnemotriccus fuscatus duidae"],["14066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus fumosus","(Berlepsch, 1908)","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (north of Amazon River, eastward from Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F637E9F7",null,null,"Cayenne; type from Approuague, Cayenne, fide Zimmer, 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 994, p. 32.","On the Birds of Cayenne.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/145/mode/1up","Empidochanes fuscatus fumosus"],["14067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus fuscatior","(Chapman, 1926)","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Venezuela, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru and central Brazil (south of Amazon River, eastward to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0B0D4DA",null,null,"junction of Río Napo and Río Curaray, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Empidochanes fuscatus fuscatior"],["14068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus beniensis","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B no.13 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1970EDE0",null,null,"Victoria, confluence of Río Madre de Dios and Río Beni, Distr. Madre de Dios, Pando, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new Birds from Bolivia.",null,"Cnemotriccus fuscatus beniensis"],["14069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus bimaculatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia, southern and eastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina; Argentina populations winter to northward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72640D05",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/164/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] bimaculata"],["14070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemotriccus fuscatus fuscatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.902",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34E46DB5",null,null,"no locality; probably Rio de Janeiro, cf. Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 222.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/924/mode/1up","M[uscipeta] fuscata"],["14071","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Aphanotriccus","Ridgway, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiobius capitalis [Salvin, 1865]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/227/mode/1up","Aphanotriccus"],["14072","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Aphanotriccus capitalis","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.583","Tawny-chested Flycatcher","Tawny-chested Flycatcher","Tawny-chested Flycatcher",null,null,"eastern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica (southward to Puerto Limón)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699767","tacfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacfly1","avibase-0203FCD8",null,null,"Tucurrique, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/679/mode/1up","Myiobius capitalis"],["14073","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Aphanotriccus audax","(Nelson, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.15","Black-billed Flycatcher","Black-billed Flycatcher","Black-billed Flycatcher",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and northern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699770","blbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbfly1","avibase-3AC7C776",null,null,"Cana, 2,000 ft., eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/57/mode/1up","Praedo audax"],["14074","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus","Lanyon & Lanyon, 1986","The Auk 103, no.2 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Empidochanes euleri [Cabanis, 1868]; type by monotypy",null,"Generic Status of Euler's Flycatcher: a Morphological and Biochemical Study","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol103/iss2/11/","Lathrotriccus"],["14075","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus griseipectus","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.236","Grey-breasted Flycatcher","Gray-breasted Flycatcher","Grey-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"arid tropical southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699757","gybfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybfly1","avibase-F578E20D",null,null,"Isla Puna, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/252/mode/1up","Empidonax griseipectus"],["14076","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus euleri","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.93 p.195","Euler's Flycatcher","Euler's Flycatcher","Euler's Flycatcher",null,null,"far eastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and Suriname, eastern Ecuador to northern Bolivia, southern Venezuela, and Amazonian Brazil, and eastern Bolivia to Paraguay and northern Argentina; southern populations winter to north",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699751","eulfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eulfly1","avibase-C150D25D",null,null,"Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","Neue Arten der südamerikanischen Gattung Empidochanes im Berliner Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/207/mode/1up","Empidochanes Euleri"],["14077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus euleri flaviventris","(Lawrence, 1887)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 4 no.1&2 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Grenada (Lesser Antilles); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-1730680D",null,null,"South America; restricted to Trinidad by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 215.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Sylviidae, Troglodytidae, and Tyrannidae. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/631/mode/1up","Ochthoeca flaviventris"],["14078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus euleri lawrencei","(Allen, 1889)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.13 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-342BFFAA",null,null,"restricted to Trinidad by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 215.","Descriptions of new species of South American birds, with remarks on various other little known species","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1710","Empidonax lawrencei"],["14079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus euleri bolivianus","(Allen, 1889)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.7 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to northern Bolivia, southern Venezuela, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A61016C",null,null,"Bolivia (Yungas?); restricted to Reyes, Río Beni valley. El Beni by Gyldenstolpe, 1951, Arkiv Zool., ser. 2, 2, p. 255.","List of the birds collected in Bolivia by Dr. H. H. Rusby, with field notes by the collector.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1649","Empidonax bolivianus"],["14080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus euleri argentinus","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.93 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay and northern Argentina; winters to eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-518BF9E0",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Argentina.","Neue Arten der südamerikanischen Gattung Empidochanes im Berliner Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/208/mode/1up","Empidochanes argentinus"],["14081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lathrotriccus euleri euleri","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.93 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina; winters to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4388FC42",null,null,"Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","Neue Arten der südamerikanischen Gattung Empidochanes im Berliner Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/207/mode/1up","Empidochanes Euleri"],["14082","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xenotriccus","Dwight & Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.254 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xenotriccus callizonus [Dwight & Griscom, 1927]; type by original designation",null,"A new and remarkable flycatcher from Guatemala.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4161/","Xenotriccus"],["14083","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xenotriccus callizonus","Dwight & Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.254 p.2","Belted Flycatcher","Belted Flycatcher","Belted Flycatcher",null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, and El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699773","belfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belfly1","avibase-560DAEB0",null,null,"Panajachel, 5,500 ft.. Lake Atitlan, Guatemala.","A new and remarkable flycatcher from Guatemala.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4161/","Xenotriccus callizonus"],["14084","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xenotriccus mexicanus","(Zimmer, 1938)","The Auk 55, no.4 p.664 fig.1text","Pileated Flycatcher","Pileated Flycatcher","Pileated Flycatcher",null,null,"central Mexico (Michoacán to Oaxaca) and adjacent Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699776","pilfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilfly1","avibase-0C9DC0D7",null,null,"Cuernavaca, 5,000 ft., Mexico.","A new genus and species of Mexican Flycatcher.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol55/iss4/11/","Aechmolophus mexicanus"],["14085","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.657",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sayornis nigricans [Bonaparte, 1854]; type by monotypy = Tyrannula nigricans Swainson, 1827",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/667/mode/1up","Sayornis"],["14086","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis saya","(Bonaparte, 1825)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States not given by Wilson with figures drawn engraved and coloured from nature by Charles Lucien Bonaparte 1 p.20 pl.11 fig.3","Say's Phoebe","Say's Phoebe","Say's Phoebe",null,null,"breeds in dry open country from lowlands to mountains of western North America from northern Alaska and northwestern Canada southward through central Baja California and central plateau of Mexico; non-breeders withdraw mainly to southwestern USA and south-central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699889","saypho","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saypho","avibase-28669A3D",null,null,"Arkansaw River, ca. 20 miles from Rocky Mountains; near Pueblo, Colorado, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 206.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/266952#page/38/mode/1up","Muscicapa saya"],["14087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis saya saya","(Bonaparte, 1825)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States not given by Wilson with figures drawn engraved and coloured from nature by Charles Lucien Bonaparte 1 p.20 pl.11 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds arid scrub of North America (Alaska to southern Mexico); winters from central California south through much of Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DD96469",null,null,"Arkansaw River, ca. 20 miles from Rocky Mountains; near Pueblo, Colorado, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 206.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/266952#page/38/mode/1up","Muscicapa saya"],["14088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis saya quiescens","Grinnell, 1926","The Condor 28, no.4 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"northern half of Baja California and Isla de Cedros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7AD11EE",null,null,"San Jose, 2,500 ft., about lat. 31° N., about 45 miles northeast of San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico.","A new race of Say Phoebe from Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol28/iss4/24/","Sayornis sayus quiescens"],["14089","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis phoebe","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.489","Eastern Phoebe","Eastern Phoebe","Eastern Phoebe",null,null,"breeds eastern Canada and USA; winters to southeastern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699886","easpho","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easpho","avibase-62CA2AF8",null,null,"North America, New York",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/29/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] Phoebe"],["14090","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis nigricans","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.367","Black Phoebe","Black Phoebe","Black Phoebe",null,null,"southwestern Oregon and southwestern USA south through mountains of South America to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699892","blkpho","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkpho","avibase-B182DED2",null,null,"tableland of Mexico; Valley of Mexico designated by Nelson, 1900, Auk. 17, p. 125.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/383/mode/1up","Tyrannula nigricans"],["14091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis nigricans nigricans","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to northern Chiapas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B73011",null,null,"tableland of Mexico; Valley of Mexico designated by Nelson, 1900, Auk. 17, p. 125.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/383/mode/1up","Tyrannula nigricans"],["14092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis nigricans semiater","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"western USA (Oregon) to Baja California and western Mexico (Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A725A49",null,null,"no locality, Monterey, California designated by Nelson, 1900, Auk, 17, p. 125.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/45/mode/1up","Muscicapa semiatra"],["14093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis nigricans aquaticus","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.2 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (highlands of southern Chiapas) to Guatemala and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CBC7746",null,null,"Dueñas, Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America. Part II. [Continued from p. 22.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/147/mode/1up","Sayornis aquatica"],["14094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis nigricans amnicola","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-195DD9EA",null,null,"Boquete, Panama.","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/45/mode/1up","Sayornis amnicola"],["14095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis nigricans angustirostris","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Colombia, Ecuador, southern Peru, and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35216511",null,null,"La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/415/mode/1up","Sayornis cineracea angustirostris"],["14096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Sayornis nigricans latirostris","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A904C52",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/76/mode/1up","A[ulanax] latirostris"],["14097","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax","Cabanis, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.18 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Empidonax pusillus [Cabanis, 1855]; type by monotypy = Platyrhynchos virescens Vieillot, 1818",null,"Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel; von Letzterem zusammengestellt","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/492/mode/1up","Empidonax"],["14098","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax virescens","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.22","Acadian Flycatcher","Acadian Flycatcher","Acadian Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds eastern USA; winters Nicaragua to Ecuador and Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699842","acafly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/acafly","avibase-2778A3F4",null,null,"Close to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. ",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/30/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos virescens"],["14099","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax albigularis","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.2 p.122","White-throated Flycatcher","White-throated Flycatcher","White-throated Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds open scrubby areas near water in highlands from southern Chihuahua and southern Tamaulipas (northern Mexico) through central Mexican plateau and southward to northern Nicaragua; non-breeders move to marshes at lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699851","whtfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtfly1","avibase-5CFE6F0D",null,null,"Dueñas, Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America. Part II. [Continued from p. 22.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/150/mode/1up","Empidonax albigularis"],["14100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax albigularis timidus","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico, breeding in highlands from southwestern Chihuahua to Morelos; northern populations (Chihuahua to northern Nayarit) migratory, wintering at lower elevations southward to Oaxaca, but resident Nayarit to Morelos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-771498FB",null,null,"El Salto, Durango, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Empidonax timidus"],["14101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax albigularis albigularis","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.2 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas to central Veracruz), and southern Mexico (eastern Guerrero and northern Oaxaca and in Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, at least some populations wintering at lower elevations (or northern populations also migrating south?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-978137C9",null,null,"Dueñas, Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America. Part II. [Continued from p. 22.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/150/mode/1up","Empidonax albigularis"],["14102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax albigularis australis","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Nicaragua southward to western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E90E8725",null,null,"San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Empidonax albigularis australis"],["14103","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax alnorum","Brewster, 1895","The Auk 12, no.2 p.161","Alder Flycatcher","Alder Flycatcher","Alder Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Alaska to northeastern USA; winters Colombia to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699845","aldfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aldfly","avibase-33808812",null,null,"Upton, Maine.","Notes on certain Flycatchers of the genus Empidonax.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss2/10/","Empidonax traillii alnorum"],["14104","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax traillii","(Audubon, 1828)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1, no.9 pl.45","Willow Flycatcher","Willow Flycatcher","Willow Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southern Canada to southern California, central Texas, and eastern USA to northern edge of most southern states; winters to southern Mexico and northwestern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699848","wilfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilfly","avibase-5BC4E0EF",null,null,"woods along prairie lands of Arkansas River.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/46/","Muscicapa traillii"],["14105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax traillii brewsteri","Oberholser, 1918","The Ohio Journal of Science 18 p.934 Type Locality",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pacific Northwest (southern British Columbia) to mountains of central California; probably winters mainly western Mexico southward to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEA7A6F6",null,null,"Cliverdale, Nye County, Nevada.","New light on the status of Empidonax traillii (Audubon).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24001#page/99/mode/1up","Empidonax traillii brewsteri"],["14106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax traillii adastus","Oberholser, 1932","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 4 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Great Basin and central Rocky Mountains southward to Utah and Colorado; winters mainly western Mexico southward to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0631ADA7",null,null,"Hart Mountain, northern end of Warner Valley, 20 miles northeast of Adel, Oregon.","Descriptions of new Birds from Oregon, chiefly from the Warner Valley region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130526#page/3/mode/1up","Empidonax traillii adastus"],["14107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax traillii extimus","Phillips, 1948","The Auk 65, no.4 p.512",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern California eastward to New Mexico and (?) formerly western Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82F17648",null,null,"Feldman, lower San Pedro River, Arizona.","Geographic variation in Empidonax traillii.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol65/iss4/2/","Empidonax traillii extimus"],["14108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax traillii traillii","(Audubon, 1828)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1, no.9 pl.45",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Great Plains to northeastern USA and southeastern Canada; winters to northwestern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49339EA3",null,null,"woods along prairie lands of Arkansas River.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/46/","Muscicapa traillii"],["14109","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax flaviventris","(Baird & Baird, 1843)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1, no.28 p.283","Yellow-bellied Flycatcher","Yellow-bellied Flycatcher","Yellow-bellied Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds eastern Canada and USA; winters Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699839","yebfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfly","avibase-7B0669CB",null,null,"near Carlisle, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17886#page/297/mode/1up","Tyrannula flaviventris"],["14110","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax flavescens","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.133","Yellowish Flycatcher","Yellowish Flycatcher","Yellowish Flycatcher",null,null,"montane forest of (disjunctly) Sierra de las Tuxtlas in southeastern Veracruz (east-central Mexico) and Pacific slope of far southeastern Oaxaca eastward to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699877","yelfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelfly1","avibase-DEE07215",null,null,"Barranca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/153/mode/1up","Empidonax flavescens"],["14111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax flavescens imperturbatus","Wetmore, 1942","The Auk 59, no.2 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Mexico (Sierra de las Tuxtlas in southeastern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02CA1669",null,null,"Volcán San Martin, 3,000 ft.. Sierra de Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico.","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol59/iss2/9/","Empidonax flavescens imperturbatus"],["14112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax flavescens salvini","Ridgway, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.16 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Mexico (Oaxaca) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EC86D31",null,null,"Calderas, Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.","Description of a new species of the Genus Empidonax from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/511/mode/1up","Empidonax salvini"],["14113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax flavescens flavescens","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (eastward to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A8C5316",null,null,"Barranca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/153/mode/1up","Empidonax flavescens"],["14114","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax difficilis","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.198","Western Flycatcher","Western Flycatcher",null,"2025-0922","Taxon <em>occidentalis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Empidonax difficilis</em> based on evidence of a broad region across which populations show intermediacy in plumages, vocalizations, and genomic DNA (Rush et al. 2009; Linck et al. 2019; Isacoff 2021; Hopping 2022).","breeds in humid coastal coniferous forest, pine-oak forest, and dense secondary woodland from southwestern Alaska eastward to far southern Yukon and southwestern Alberta (western Canada), through Pacific lowlands (including islands off southern California) and mountains of western USA eastward to western South Dakota and western Texas, southward to northern Baja California, disjunctly in montane Baja California Sur, through mountains of Mexico to central Oaxaca, and to Coahuila (northeastern Mexico); Canadian and US populations winter in Mexico from central Baja California, Sonora, and Nuevo León southward to eastern Oaxaca and Veracruz",null,null,null,"wesfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesfly","avibase-B12B8816",null,null,"west coast of United States, Fort Steilacoom, Shoalwater Bay, Washington, Fort Tejon, California; restricted to Fort Steilacoom, Washington by Brodkorb, 1949, Condor, 51, p. 39.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/262/mode/1up","Empidonax difficilis"],["14115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax difficilis difficilis","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western North America (southeastern Alaska to northern Baja California); winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76D976C2",null,null,"west coast of United States, Fort Steilacoom, Shoalwater Bay, Washington, Fort Tejon, California; restricted to Fort Steilacoom, Washington by Brodkorb, 1949, Condor, 51, p. 39.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/262/mode/1up","Empidonax difficilis"],["14116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax difficilis insulicola","Oberholser, 1897","The Auk 14, no.3 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Channel Islands off southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B470121",null,null,"Santa Rosa Island, California.","Description of a new Empidonax, with notes on Empidonax difficilis.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss3/9/","Empidonax insulicola"],["14117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax difficilis cineritius","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape district of Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B92CB92",null,null,"La Laguna [= Sierra de la Laguna] , Baja California.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Empidonax cineritius"],["14118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax difficilis hellmayri","Brodkorb, 1935","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.306 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds woodland of southwestern Canada to northern Mexico; winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-757F935F",null,null,"Boot Spring, 6,800 ft; Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas.","A new Flycatcher from Texas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56745","Empidonax difficilis hellmayri"],["14119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax difficilis occidentalis","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-699F2F74",null,null,"Pluma, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Empidonax bairdi occidentalis"],["14120","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax hammondii","(Xántus, 1858)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.117","Hammond's Flycatcher","Hammond's Flycatcher","Hammond's Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds western North America; winters to Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699857","hamfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hamfly","avibase-1EB2595E",null,null,"Fort Tejon, California.","Descriptions of two new species of Birds from the vicinity of Fort Tejon, California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/137/mode/1up","Tyrannula hammondii"],["14121","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax oberholseri","Phillips, 1939","The Auk 56, no.3 p.311","American Dusky Flycatcher","Dusky Flycatcher","American Dusky Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds western North America; winters to southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699864","dusfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusfly","avibase-499FFF98",null,null,"Hart Prairie, San Francisco Mountain, Arizona.","The type of Empidonax wrightii Baird.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol56/iss3/9/","Empidonax oberholseri"],["14122","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax affinis","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.367","Pine Flycatcher","Pine Flycatcher","Pine Flycatcher",null,null,"montane pine forest from Sonora (has bred southeastern Arizona) on Pacific slope and central Nuevo León (northern Mexico) on Caribbean slope southward through central Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699868","pinfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinfly1","avibase-010B758B",null,null,"maritime parts of Mexico; restricted to Temascaltepec, Mexico by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 393.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/383/mode/1up","Tyrannula affinis"],["14123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax affinis pulverius","Brewster, 1889","The Auk 6, no.2 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa to Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B6D16EB",null,null,"Pinos Altos, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from western North America and Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss2/1/","Empidonax pulverius"],["14124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax affinis trepidus","Nelson, 1901","The Auk 18, no.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico (Coahuila and Tamaulipas); winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EC009D1",null,null,"Hacienda Chancol, Guatemala.","Descriptions of five new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss1/5/","Empidonax trepidus"],["14125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax affinis affinis","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"pine forest of Mexican plateau (Michoacán to Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA7F9FE5",null,null,"maritime parts of Mexico; restricted to Temascaltepec, Mexico by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 393.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/383/mode/1up","Tyrannula affinis"],["14126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax affinis bairdi","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"pine forest of southern Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50052EBE",null,null,"Oaxaca, Mexico; type from La Parada, Oaxaca, vide van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 393","On a Collection of Birds received by M. Auguste Sallé from Oaxaca in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/385/mode/1up","Empidonax bairdi"],["14127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax affinis vigensis","Phillips, 1942","The Auk 59, no.3 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of eastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-495855C3",null,null,"Las Vigas, Veracruz, Mexico. 9000 ft.","The races of Empidonax affinis.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol59/iss3/9/","Empidonax affinis vigensis"],["14128","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax minimus","(Baird & Baird, 1843)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1, no.28 p.284","Least Flycatcher","Least Flycatcher","Least Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Canada and USA; winters northern Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699854","leafly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leafly","avibase-F5837054",null,null,"near Carlisle, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17886#page/298/mode/1up","Tyrannula minima"],["14129","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax wrightii","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.200","American Grey Flycatcher","Gray Flycatcher","American Grey Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds western North America; winters to southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699860","gryfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfly","avibase-DACF7A98",null,null,"El Paso, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/264/mode/1up","Empidonax wrightii"],["14130","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax atriceps","Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.198","Black-capped Flycatcher","Black-capped Flycatcher","Black-capped Flycatcher",null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699883","blcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcfly1","avibase-C5DC7CA8",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/256/mode/1up","Empidonax atriceps"],["14131","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax fulvifrons","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[6], pl.2, f.2","Buff-breasted Flycatcher","Buff-breasted Flycatcher","Buff-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"open montane woodland from southeastern Arizona southward on Pacific slope, and Caribbean slope from central Nuevo León to transvolcanic belt and south-central Oaxaca, then Chiapas to far northwestern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699880","bubfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubfly","avibase-58AC300F",null,null,"Texas; ?error, probably mountains of northeastern Mexico as suggested by Ridgway, 1884, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 2, p. 109; restricted to Miquiahuana, Tamaulipas by Lowery and Dalquest, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, p. 612.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/21/mode/1up","Muscicapa fulvifrons"],["14132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus","Coues, 1865","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.4 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFE447B8",null,null,"Fort Whipple (near Prescott), Arizona.","[Letter from Fort Whipple, Arizona, May 29, 1865].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/581/mode/1up","E[mpidonax] pygmaeus"],["14133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax fulvifrons fulvifrons","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[6], pl.2, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74084BD4",null,null,"Texas; ?error, probably mountains of northeastern Mexico as suggested by Ridgway, 1884, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 2, p. 109; restricted to Miquiahuana, Tamaulipas by Lowery and Dalquest, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, p. 612.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/21/mode/1up","Muscicapa fulvifrons"],["14134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax fulvifrons rubicundus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexico (Chihuahua and Durango to Guerrero and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-662C9D04",null,null,"Mexico; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, fide Miller et al., 1957, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc), no. 33, p. 95.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/78/mode/1up","E[mpidonax] rubicundus"],["14135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax fulvifrons brodkorbi","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Río Molino area of southern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F24B67A",null,null,"Río Molino (ca. lat. 16° 5' N., long. 96° 29' W.), southern Oaxaca, Mexico.","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/150/mode/1up","Empidonax fulvifrons brodkorbi"],["14136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax fulvifrons fusciceps","Nelson, 1904","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67A6B00B",null,null,"Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of four new birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/170/mode/1up","Empidonax fulvifrons fusciceps"],["14137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Empidonax fulvifrons inexpectatus","Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73CF493D",null,null,"Cerro Cantoral, 6,500 ft., Achaga, Honduras.","New Birds from Honduras and Mexico.",null,"Empidonax fulvifrons inexpectatus"],["14138","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes","Coues, 1882","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7, no.1 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mitrephorus phaeocercus [Sclater, PL, 1859]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 218).",null,null,null,"Mitrephanes"],["14139","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes olivaceus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.391","Olive Tufted Flycatcher","Olive Tufted-Flycatcher","Olive Flycatcher",null,null,"east slope of Andes of northeastern Peru (Piura) to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699783","olifly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olifly2","avibase-55DF722C",null,null,"Garita del Sol, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/423/mode/1up","Mitrephanes olivaceus"],["14140","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes phaeocercus","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.44","Tawny Tufted Flycatcher","Tawny Tufted-Flycatcher",null,"2026-092","Mitrephanes aurantiiventris (with subspecies <em>aurantiiventris </em>and <em>berlepschi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. phaeocercus</em> (with subspecies <em>phaeocercus </em>and <em>tenuirostris</em>) based on differences in vocalizations and plumage (Webster 1968; Iliff &amp; Rasmussen 2026), supported by genetics (Harvey et al. 2020). Further research, including a formal bioacoustic analysis and broader genomic sampling, is needed to determine if <em>M. a. berlepschi</em> should be treated as a species separate from <em>M. aurantiiventris</em>, and to determine the status of the phenotypically distinctive Cerro Tacarcuna population.","montane forest from northern Sonora (has bred southeastern Arizona, USA) and southern Tamaulipas (northern Mexico) through central plateau of Mexico to Oaxaca, and disjunctly through highlands from Chiapas through northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,"tuffly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tuffly1","avibase-857ECA98",null,null,"'Mexico merid. et in Guatemala'; type from Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 228.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/74/mode/1up","Mitrephorus phaeocercus"],["14141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes phaeocercus tenuirostris","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.2 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (southeastern Sonora and southwestern Chihuahua to western Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B19C2CF4",null,null,"near Oposura, Sonora, Mexico.","On three apparently new subspecies of Mexican birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss2/2/","Mitrephanes phaeocercus tenuirostris"],["14142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes phaeocercus phaeocercus","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern and central Mexico (southwestern Tamaulipas, Zacatecas, and central Jalisco to Oaxaca and Chiapas) southward to northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-222E6588",null,null,"'Mexico merid. et in Guatemala'; type from Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 228.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/74/mode/1up","Mitrephorus phaeocercus"],["14143","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes aurantiiventris","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.173","Lemon-bellied Tufted Flycatcher","Lemon-bellied Tufted-Flycatcher",null,"2026-092","Mitrephanes aurantiiventris (with subspecies <em>aurantiiventris </em>and <em>berlepschi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. phaeocercus</em> (with subspecies <em>phaeocercus </em>and <em>tenuirostris</em>) based on differences in vocalizations and plumage (Webster 1968; Iliff &amp; Rasmussen 2026), supported by genetics (Harvey et al. 2020). Further research, including a formal bioacoustic analysis and broader genomic sampling, is needed to determine if <em>M. a. berlepschi</em> should be treated as a species separate from <em>M. aurantiiventris</em>, and to determine the status of the phenotypically distinctive Cerro Tacarcuna population.","highlands of Costa Rica and Panama southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"yebtuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtuf1","avibase-ACAE7551",null,null,"Tabacales, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/193/mode/1up","Mitrephorus aurantiiventris"],["14144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes aurantiiventris aurantiiventris","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and Panama (eastward to Altos del Maria area in eastern Coclé and western Panamá provinces)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-468177DC",null,null,"Tabacales, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/193/mode/1up","Mitrephorus aurantiiventris"],["14145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Mitrephanes aurantiiventris berlepschi","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.608",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-137957D3",null,null,"Bulun [= Pulun] , Esmeraldas, northern Ecuador.","Some further notes on the birds of North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/678/mode/1up","Mitrephanes berlepschi"],["14146","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus","Cabanis, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.18 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa virens [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,"Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel; von Letzterem zusammengestellt","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/491/mode/1up","Contopus"],["14147","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus cooperi","(Nuttall, 1831)","A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, 1st ed. ed.1(1832), 1 p.282","Olive-sided Flycatcher","Olive-sided Flycatcher","Olive-sided Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds temperate North America; winters southward to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699787","olsfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olsfly","avibase-951C150C",null,null,"Cambridge, Mass. [United States]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234274#page/296/mode/1up","Muscicapa cooperi"],["14148","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus ochraceus","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.419","Ochraceous Pewee","Ochraceous Pewee","Ochraceous Pewee",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and far western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699808","ochpew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ochpew1","avibase-EBB848CD",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Description of six new Species of American Birds of the Families Tanagridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Scolopacidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/499/mode/1up","Contopus ochraceus"],["14149","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus pertinax","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.72","Greater Pewee","Greater Pewee","Greater Pewee",null,null,"hill to montane pine forest from central Arizona and southwestern New Mexico (southwestern USA) and central Nuevo León southward through northern Nicaragua; withdraws from northern part of range in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699798","grepew","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grepew","avibase-4CAD4149",null,null,"Xalapa [= Jalapa] , Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/80/mode/1up","C[ontopus] pertinax"],["14150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus pertinax pertinax","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to southern Mexico; winters to Belize and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6016BC3",null,null,"Xalapa [= Jalapa] , Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/80/mode/1up","C[ontopus] pertinax"],["14151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus pertinax minor","(Miller & Griscom, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA9F0990",null,null,"between San Rafael del Norte and Jinotega, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Myiochanes pertinax minor"],["14152","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus lugubris","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.134","Dark Pewee","Dark Pewee","Dark Pewee",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and far western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699801","darpew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darpew1","avibase-8D6C036A",null,null,"Barranca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/154/mode/1up","Contopus lugubris"],["14153","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus fumigatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.43","Smoke-colored Pewee","Smoke-colored Pewee","Smoke-colored Pewee",null,null,"humid montane forest edge and clearings in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (from the state of Yaracuy eastward to Miranda), the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, far northern Brazil (Roraima), and adjacent western Guyana, the Sierra de Perijá, the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, in western Ecuador also in coastal ridges, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southward to northwestern Argentina (to Catamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699804","smcpew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smcpew1","avibase-ECF2FBB2",null,null,"Yungas in Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/159/mode/1up","T[yrannus] fumigatus"],["14154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus fumigatus ardosiacus","(de Lafresnaye, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to northeastern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-292FC3A7",null,null,"Colombia [= 'Bogotá].","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/88/mode/1up","Tyrannula ardosiaca"],["14155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus fumigatus cineraceus","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northern Venezuela (Yaracuy to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CF0D192",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/15/mode/1up","Tyrannula cineracea"],["14156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus fumigatus duidae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar and Amazonas), far northern Brazil (Roraima), and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77EBD9E8",null,null,"Cerro Duida, 4,400 ft, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Myiochanes fumigatus duidae"],["14157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus fumigatus zarumae","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño), western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (southward to southwestern Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E35337E4",null,null,"above Zaruma, El Oro, western Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Myiochanes fumigatus zarumae"],["14158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus fumigatus fumigatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D513272",null,null,"Yungas in Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/159/mode/1up","T[yrannus] fumigatus"],["14159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus fumigatus brachyrhynchus","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.162 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Tarija) to northwestern Argentina (Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7776A65",null,null,"Tucumán, Argentina.","[Neue Arten aus unbekannten Gebietes Nordargentiniens].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/226/mode/1up","Contopus brachyrhynchus"],["14160","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus pallidus","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.166","Jamaican Pewee","Jamaican Pewee","Jamaican Pewee",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724415","jampew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jampew1","avibase-BBBAE4D2",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/184/mode/1up","Myiobius pallidus"],["14161","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus punensis","Lawrence, 1869","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.237","Tumbes Pewee","Tumbes Pewee","Western Tropical Pewee","2025-0472","Three species are recognized in the <em>Contopus cinereus</em> complex based on non-monophyly revealed by genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), supported by plumage and vocalizations: <em>C. cinereus</em> (polytypic, including <em>pallescens</em>); <em>C. bogotensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>surinamensis, brachytarsus, rhizophorus</em>, and <em>aithalodes); </em>and monotypic <em>C. punensis</em>. A more comprehensive genetic review with dense taxon sampling is in progress and may shed additional light on species limits in this complex.","Andes of western Ecuador and western Peru (southward to Ica)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103683897","tropew2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tropew2","avibase-73E3CD29",null,null,"Isla Puna, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/253/mode/1up","Contopus punensis"],["14162","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus albogularis","(Berlioz, 1962)","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (2), 34 p.138","White-throated Pewee","White-throated Pewee","White-throated Pewee",null,null,"Suriname to French Guiana and far northeastern Brazil (Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699827","whtpew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtpew1","avibase-6B98ED1A",null,null,"Maripasoula, Maroni basin, French Guiana.","Étude d'une collection d'Oiseaux de Guyane française.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/241023#page/144/mode/1up","Myiochanes albogularis"],["14163","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus cinereus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.11, pl.13, f.2","Southern Tropical Pewee","Southern Tropical Pewee","Southern Tropical Pewee","2025-0472","Three species are recognized in the <em>Contopus cinereus</em> complex based on non-monophyly revealed by genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), supported by plumage and vocalizations: <em>C. cinereus</em> (polytypic, including <em>pallescens</em>); <em>C. bogotensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>surinamensis, brachytarsus, rhizophorus</em>, and <em>aithalodes); </em>and monotypic <em>C. punensis</em>. A more comprehensive genetic review with dense taxon sampling is in progress and may shed additional light on species limits in this complex.","semi-deciduous to deciduous open woodland in Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest from central Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina, and northeastern (Pará to Pernambuco) to central Brazil (Mato Grosso), eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Misiones), and northern Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil); southwestern populations winter northward to southeastern Peru and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103683886","tropew3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tropew3","avibase-1CA8962F",null,null,"'in sylvis flum. Amazonum'; error, restricted to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 193.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/25/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus cinereus"],["14164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus cinereus pallescens","(Hellmayr, 1927)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina, and eastward to south-central and eastern Brazil; rare austral migrant to southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-757E0F3C",null,null,"São Marcello [ = Marcelo] , Rio Preto, Bahia, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/208/mode/1up","Myiochanes cinereus pallescens"],["14165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus cinereus cinereus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.11, pl.13, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Bahia to Paraná) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D285C7E2",null,null,"'in sylvis flum. Amazonum'; error, restricted to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 193.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/25/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus cinereus"],["14166","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus nigrescens","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.157","Blackish Pewee","Blackish Pewee","Blackish Pewee",null,null,"humid montane forest in the foothills of the Andes in eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (southward to Pasco and Ucayali), and disjunctly in southern Guyana and the eastern Amazon of Brazil (Pará, northern Tocantins, and western Maranhão)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699824","blapew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blapew1","avibase-F5A71429",null,null,"Sarayacu, Pastaza, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/221/mode/1up","Myiochanes nigrescens"],["14167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus nigrescens nigrescens","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza and Santiago-Zamora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88D9046C",null,null,"Sarayacu, Pastaza, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/221/mode/1up","Myiochanes nigrescens"],["14168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus nigrescens canescens","(Chapman, 1926)","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south to Cusco); southern Guyana (Acari Mountains), and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92A41A12",null,null,"Río Negro, San Martin, between Chachapoyas and Moyobamba, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Myiochanes nigrescens canescens"],["14169","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus sordidulus","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.43","Western Wood Pewee","Western Wood-Pewee","Western Wood-pewee",null,null,"breeds eastern Alaska through western and central North America to Honduras, mainly in highlands in southern part of range; winters mainly Andes to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699811","wewpew","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wewpew","avibase-F6CA75F0",null,null,"southern Mexico and Guatemala; type from Orizaba, Mexico, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 192.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/73/mode/1up","Contopus sordidulus"],["14170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus sordidulus saturatus","Bishop, 1900","The Auk 17, no.2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska to western Oregon; winters to northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED628334",null,null,"Haines, Alaska.","Descriptions of three new birds from Alaska.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss2/5/","Contopus richardsonii saturatus"],["14171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus sordidulus veliei","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Alaska to Texas and northern Mexico; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E7B2BE1",null,null,"Mountains of Colorado Territory; Fort Whipple, Arizona, cf. Burleigh, 1960, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 73, p. 141.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/69/mode/1up","Contopus veliei"],["14172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus sordidulus peninsulae","Brewster, 1891","The Auk 8, no.2 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Baja California; winters to northwestern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C70C5B4C",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California, Mexico.","Descriptions of seven supposed new North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss2/2/","Contopus richardsonii peninsulae"],["14173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus sordidulus sordidulus","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds highlands of Mexico to Honduras; winters to Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7637F6C",null,null,"southern Mexico and Guatemala; type from Orizaba, Mexico, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 192.","Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/73/mode/1up","Contopus sordidulus"],["14174","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus bogotensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.190","Northern Tropical Pewee","Northern Tropical Pewee","Northern Tropical Pewee","2025-0472","Three species are recognized in the <em>Contopus cinereus</em> complex based on non-monophyly revealed by genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), supported by plumage and vocalizations: <em>C. cinereus</em> (polytypic, including <em>pallescens</em>); <em>C. bogotensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>surinamensis, brachytarsus, rhizophorus</em>, and <em>aithalodes); </em>and monotypic <em>C. punensis</em>. A more comprehensive genetic review with dense taxon sampling is in progress and may shed additional light on species limits in this complex.","dry to humid forest and woodland, gallery forest, and clearings from northwestern Oaxaca and southern Veracruz (southeastern Mexico) and the Yucatan Peninsula southward to eastern Panama (including Coiba), northern Colombia, east of the Andes eastward to Trinidad and the Guianas, the tepuis of southern Venezuela and northern Brazil (Roraima), and southward to the foothills of the Andes in southeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103683917","tropew4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tropew4","avibase-784D06AC",null,null,"Columbia [= 'Bogotá,' fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 196] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/306/mode/1up","T[yrannula] bogotensis"],["14175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus bogotensis brachytarsus","(Sclater, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Oaxaca and Veracruz) to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-735A2835",null,null,"Cordova et Santecomapam, Mexico; restricted to Córdoba, Veracruz (J. T. Z.).","A List of Tyrant-birds of Mexico, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/489/mode/1up","Empidonax brachytarsus"],["14176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus bogotensis rhizophorus","(Dwight & Griscom, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.142 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Pacific littoral of western Costa Rica (Guanacaste)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9522BE19",null,null,"Punta Piedra, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new birds from Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4377/","Myiochanes brachytarsus rhizophora"],["14177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus bogotensis aithalodes","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A180B1",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/295/mode/1up","Contopus cinereus aithalodes"],["14178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus bogotensis bogotensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05A60486",null,null,"Columbia [= 'Bogotá,' fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 196] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/306/mode/1up","T[yrannula] bogotensis"],["14179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus bogotensis surinamensis","Penard & Penard, 1910","De vogels van Guyana (Suriname, Cayenne en Demerara) 2 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EF0DF98",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50272#page/267/mode/1up","C[ontopus] b[rachytarsus] surinamensis"],["14180","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus virens","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327","Eastern Wood Pewee","Eastern Wood-Pewee","Eastern Wood-pewee",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters to northern Bolivia and western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699816","eawpew","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eawpew","avibase-9891BF73",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] virens"],["14181","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus latirostris","(Verreaux, 1866)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 2, fasc.4 p.22 pl.3 fig.2","Lesser Antillean Pewee","Lesser Antillean Pewee","Lesser Antillean Pewee",null,null,"mainly hill and montane forest of western and central Puerto Rico, and Guadeloupe southward to St. Lucia (central and southern Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699836","leapew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leapew1","avibase-6C5E4245",null,null,"St. Lucia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection zoologique du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49417#page/339/mode/1up","Myiobius latirostris"],["14182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus latirostris blancoi","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"mainly montane forest of Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECD7A992",null,null,"Puerto Rico.","[Über drei Exemplare von Vögeln von Dr. Jean Gundlach auf der Insel Portorico aufgefundene und bennannte ohne sie jedoch zu beschrieben].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/236/mode/1up","Blacicus Blancoi"],["14183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus latirostris brunneicapillus","(Lawrence, 1878)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1(1877) no.5&6 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"varied forest types of Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Martinique (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D0E7F1",null,null,"Dominica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/205/mode/1up","Blacicus brunneicapillus"],["14184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus latirostris latirostris","(Verreaux, 1866)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 2, fasc.4 p.22 pl.3 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mainly montane forest of St. Lucia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61E1B034",null,null,"St. Lucia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection zoologique du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49417#page/339/mode/1up","Myiobius latirostris"],["14185","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus hispaniolensis","(Bryant, 1867)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.91","Hispaniolan Pewee","Hispaniolan Pewee","Hispaniolan Pewee",null,null,"wooded habitats from lowlands to mountains of Hispaniola including Gonâve Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724420","hispew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hispew1","avibase-37895593",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/105/mode/1up","Tyrannula carriboea (var. hispaniolensis)"],["14186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus hispaniolensis hispaniolensis","(Bryant, 1867)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E07D59EB",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/105/mode/1up","Tyrannula carriboea (var. hispaniolensis)"],["14187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus hispaniolensis tacitus","(Wetmore, 1928)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Gonâve Island (Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-286F6BEC",null,null,"Anse a Galets, Gonave Island, Haiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/247/mode/1up","Blacicus hispaniolensis tacitus"],["14188","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus caribaeus","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.77","Cuban Pewee","Cuban Pewee","Cuban Pewee",null,null,"varied forest and edge types of Bahamas from Grand Bahama and Abaco southward to Cat Island, and Cuba and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699830","cubpew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubpew1","avibase-8FB6981F",null,null,"Cuba; restricted to Holguin, Oriente Province by Burleigh and Duvall, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 168.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/118/mode/1up","Muscipeta caribaea"],["14189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus caribaeus bahamensis","(Bryant, 1859)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Bahama, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, and Eleuthera",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A34FC01E",null,null,"Bahamas; cotypes from Nassau, New Providence, fide Bangs and Penard, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36472#page/117/mode/1up","Empidonax bahamensis"],["14190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus caribaeus caribaeus","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2660133",null,null,"Cuba; restricted to Holguin, Oriente Province by Burleigh and Duvall, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 168.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/118/mode/1up","Muscipeta caribaea"],["14191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus caribaeus morenoi","Burleigh & Duvall, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cuba (Zapata Swamp) and adjacent offshore cays",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76D29A6A",null,null,"Cayo del Rosario, Cuba.","A new Contopus (Blacicus) from the cays of southern Cuba.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/349/mode/1up","Contopus caribaeus morenoi"],["14192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Contopus caribaeus nerlyi","Garrido, 1978","Informe Científico-Técnico, Instituto de Zoología, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba no.68 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off southern Camagüey (Cuba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-540267D1",null,null,"Archipielago de los Jardines de la Reina, Camagüey, Cuba.","Nuevo Bobito Chico (Aves: Tyrannidae) para Cuba.",null,"Contopus caribaeus nerlyi"],["14193","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Satrapa","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa icterophrys [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/448/mode/1up","Satrapa"],["14194","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Satrapa icterophrys","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.458","Yellow-browed Tyrant","Yellow-browed Tyrant","Yellow-browed Tyrant",null,null,"far southeastern Peru to northern Argentina, eastern and southern Brazil; Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700315","yebtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtyr2","avibase-36693065",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/468/mode/1up","Muscicapa icterophrys"],["14195","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Syrtidicola","Chesser, Harvey, Brumfield & Derryberry, 2020","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 133, no.1 p.35-48",null,null,null,"2025-0471","Genus-level changes in the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers are based on a combination of genetic (summarised by Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020), phenotypic, and behavioral data. The classification recognizes: <em>Syrtidicola fluviatilis</em> based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Muscisaxicola </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b), as well as morphological and ecological differences; <em>Cnemarchus rufipennis</em> based on common themes in plumage, vocalizations and ecology with <em>C. erythropygius</em>; <em>Pyrope pyrope</em> based on deep genetic divergence within the <em>Xolmis sensu lato</em> clade (Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020); monospecific <em>Nengetus</em> (<em>N. cinereus</em>) based on deep genetic divergence, and its distinctive plumage and ecology; <em>Neoxolmis </em>restricted to four species (<em>N. rufiventris, N. rubetra, N. salinarum</em>, and <em>N. coronatus</em>) which form a cohesive group based on plumage and ecology to the exclusion of <em>cinereus</em>; <em>Xolmis </em>restricted to <em>X. irupero </em>and <em>X. velatus</em> based on genetics; and <em>Heteroxolmis dominicanus</em>, as genetic data show it to be outside the Xolmiini and sister to <em>Alectrurus </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020) a placement also supported by osteological characters.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscisaxicola fluviatilis [Sclater, PL & Salvin, O, 1866]",null,"A revised classification of the Xolmiini (Aves: Tyrannidae: Fluvicolinae), including a new genus for Muscisaxicola fluviatilis","https://www.mgharvey.org/docs/Chesseretal2020.pdf","Syrtidicola"],["14196","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Syrtidicola fluviatilis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.187","Little Ground Tyrant","Little Ground-Tyrant","Little Ground-tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700137","ligtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ligtyr1","avibase-61F27E71",null,null,"lower Río Ucayali, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/245/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola fluviatilis"],["14197","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.65",null,null,null,"2025-0471","Genus-level changes in the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers are based on a combination of genetic (summarised by Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020), phenotypic, and behavioral data. The classification recognizes: <em>Syrtidicola fluviatilis</em> based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Muscisaxicola </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b), as well as morphological and ecological differences; <em>Cnemarchus rufipennis</em> based on common themes in plumage, vocalizations and ecology with <em>C. erythropygius</em>; <em>Pyrope pyrope</em> based on deep genetic divergence within the <em>Xolmis sensu lato</em> clade (Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020); monospecific <em>Nengetus</em> (<em>N. cinereus</em>) based on deep genetic divergence, and its distinctive plumage and ecology; <em>Neoxolmis </em>restricted to four species (<em>N. rufiventris, N. rubetra, N. salinarum</em>, and <em>N. coronatus</em>) which form a cohesive group based on plumage and ecology to the exclusion of <em>cinereus</em>; <em>Xolmis </em>restricted to <em>X. irupero </em>and <em>X. velatus</em> based on genetics; and <em>Heteroxolmis dominicanus</em>, as genetic data show it to be outside the Xolmiini and sister to <em>Alectrurus </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020) a placement also supported by osteological characters.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscisaxicola rufivertex [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 24).  ",null,"Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/181/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola"],["14198","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola maculirostris","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.66","Spot-billed Ground Tyrant","Spot-billed Ground-Tyrant","Spot-billed Ground-tyrant",null,null,"dry steppe, grassy paramo, dry shrubby desert, and puna in the Andes of northeastern and southernmost Colombia southward to southern Ecuador, the Pacific coast of southern Peru and northern Chile, and from northern Peru (southern Cajamarca) to northern Chile and southwestern Argentina (Santa Cruz); austral breeders of the Andes of central Chile and west-central Argentina southward migrate northward as far as the Peruvian Andes and to low elevations in the Patagonian steppe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700132","sbgtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbgtyr1","avibase-DC8BFB79",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/182/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] maculirostris"],["14199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola maculirostris niceforoi","Zimmer, 1947","The Auk 64, no.3 p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3976A8B6",null,null,"mountains of Bogotá, Colombia.","A new Tyrant Flycatcher from Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol64/iss3/18/","Muscisaxicola maculirostris niceforoi"],["14200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola maculirostris rufescens","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Ecuador (Pichincha to Azuay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CEA1012",null,null,"Yocon, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/417/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] maculirostris rufescens"],["14201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola maculirostris maculirostris","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to western Bolivia, western Argentina, and Chile; southern populations migrate northward and to lower elevations",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0256C1D9",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/182/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] maculirostris"],["14202","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola albifrons","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.276","White-fronted Ground Tyrant","White-fronted Ground-Tyrant","White-fronted Ground-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Ancash) to western Bolivia and far northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700193","wfgtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfgtyr1","avibase-B2B73C71",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Junín (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/284/mode/1up","Pt[yonura] albifrons"],["14203","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola flavinucha","de Lafresnaye, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.59 pl.3","Ochre-naped Ground Tyrant","Ochre-naped Ground-Tyrant","Ochre-naped Ground-tyrant",null,null,"breeds on rocky and sparsely vegetated slopes, bogs, and puna grasslands in the Andes from northern Chile and northwestern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; winters in the Andes of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina northward to northern Peru (Ancash)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700198","ongtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ongtyr1","avibase-D96C90B5",null,null,"Chile.","Sur quelques espèces d'Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus du Chili et de la Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/63/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] flavinucha"],["14204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola flavinucha flavinucha","de Lafresnaye, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.59 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Andes of Chile and Argentina; winters to northern Peru (La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5A0D682",null,null,"Chile.","Sur quelques espèces d'Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus du Chili et de la Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/63/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] flavinucha"],["14205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola flavinucha brevirostris","Olrog, 1949","Acta Zoológica Lilloana 8 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southern Chile (Aysén) southward to Tierra del Fuego; winters northward to northern Peru (Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E8D0E4",null,null,"Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego.","Notas ornitológicas sobre la colección del Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán. I.",null,"Muscisaxicola flavinucha brevirostris"],["14206","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola alpinus","(Jardine, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology p.47-9, pl.21","Paramo Ground Tyrant","Plain-capped Ground-Tyrant","Plain-capped Ground-tyrant",null,null,"arid montane scrub, dry, grassy, and Espeletia paramo in the Andes of northeastern Colombia (Santander to Distrito Capital), in the central Andes of Colombia (Caldas to Cauca), and from southernmost Andean Colombia (Nariño) to southern Ecuador (Loja)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733758","plcgrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plcgrt1","avibase-C0A4CA8F",null,null,"high ridge of the Andes; type from Quito, Ecuador, fide Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 54.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/232/mode/1up","Taenioptera alpina"],["14207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola alpinus columbianus","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Nevado del Ruiz to Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C07DE2",null,null,"Páramo de Santa Isabel, Central Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Muscisaxicola alpina columbiana"],["14208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola alpinus quesadae","Meyer de Schauensee, 1942","Notulae Naturae no.98 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FBF6815",null,null,"Lagunillas, Boyacá, Colombia.","A new Muscisaxicola from Colombia.",null,"Muscisaxicola alpina quesadae"],["14209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola alpinus alpinus","(Jardine, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology p.47-9, pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"páramo of far southern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82C76B6B",null,null,"high ridge of the Andes; type from Quito, Ecuador, fide Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 54.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/232/mode/1up","Taenioptera alpina"],["14210","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola griseus","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.213","Taczanowski's Ground Tyrant","Taczanowski's Ground-Tyrant","Taczanowski's Ground-tyrant",null,null,"páramo of Peru and western Bolivia (La Paz to Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733765","tacgrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacgrt1","avibase-E97B3BEA",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/223/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola grisea"],["14211","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola cinereus","Philippi & Landbeck, 1864","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 25 p.422","Cinereous Ground Tyrant","Cinereous Ground-Tyrant","Cinereous Ground-tyrant",null,null,"breeds in dry to semi-humid grassy puna, lakesides, and montane scrub in Andes of northeastern Chile and northwestern Argentina southward to southwestern Argentina (Chubut); winters in Andes from northwestern Argentina to central Peru (Huánuco and Ancash)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700183","cingrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cingrt1","avibase-5B511416",null,null,"Las Araucas [= Arahas] , Valle Largo, Las Chacarillas, Cordilleras de Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202407#page/430/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola cinerea"],["14212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola cinereus cinereus","Philippi & Landbeck, 1864","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 25 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Andes of southern Peru (Puno) to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northern Argentina; winters to central Peru (Huánuco and Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-234686AA",null,null,"Las Araucas [= Arahas] , Valle Largo, Las Chacarillas, Cordilleras de Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202407#page/430/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola cinerea"],["14213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola cinereus argentina","Hellmayr, 1932","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 19 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy to Catamarca and Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A96F4B77",null,null,"Las Pavas, Tucumán, Argentina.","The Birds of Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20866#page/134/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola alpina argentina"],["14214","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola rufivertex","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.66","Rufous-naped Ground Tyrant","Rufous-naped Ground-Tyrant",null,"2025-0470","Taxon <em>occipitalis</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Muscisaxicola rufivertex</em> based on available evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergence (Chesser 2000) is consistent with subspecific level, and plumage traits have not been assessed for clinal variation; further research needed.","Andes of Peru from central Cajamarca southward to central Chile and northwestern Argentina (northern Neuquén), and in the sierras of Cordoba and San Luis",null,null,null,"rngtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rngtyr1","avibase-2FC7B2A5",null,null,"Cobija and La Paz, Bolivia; Antofagasta, Chile.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/182/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] rufivertex"],["14215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola rufivertex occipitalis","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.643 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru and northern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-146D02D1",null,null,"Lake Titicaca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/444/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola occipitalis"],["14216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola rufivertex pallidiceps","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Peru southward to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2FD7AA4",null,null,"twenty miles east of San Pedro, 12600 ft., Antofagasta, Chile.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/35/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola rufivertex pallidiceps"],["14217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola rufivertex achalensis","Nores & Yzurieta, 1983","El Hornero no.Extraordinario p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"central Argentina (Sierras de Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95D64E92",null,null,"las Sierras Grandes de Córdoba (pampa de Achala, 2.000 m), Argentina. 25-09-1979","Especiacion en las sierras pampeanas de Cordoba y San Luis (Argentina), con descripcion de siete nuevas subespecies de aves.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1142","Muscisaxicola rufivertex achalensis"],["14218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola rufivertex rufivertex","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Andes of Chile (Atacama southward to Colchagua) and western Argentina (Mendoza, and sierras de Córdoba and San Luis); some winter to coast of northern and central Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C4BD76D",null,null,"Cobija and La Paz, Bolivia; Antofagasta, Chile.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/182/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] rufivertex"],["14219","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola maclovianus","(Garnot, 1826)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.12 p.540","Dark-faced Ground Tyrant","Dark-faced Ground-Tyrant","Dark-faced Ground-tyrant",null,null,"breeds in open meadows and bogs and short grassland in southern Chile and southwestern Argentina (from Neuquén) southward to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands (where resident); winters mainly coastally northward to western Peru (from Lambayeque) and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700142","dafgrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dafgrt1","avibase-604FFF1C",null,null,"Îles Malouines, dans les environs de la baie de l'Huile, du port Duperrey et les vallées qui avoisinent l'Aiguade.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/58/mode/1up","Sylvia macloviana"],["14220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola maclovianus mentalis","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Argentina and Chile; winters on coast to northern Peru and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81FFCAE4",null,null,"Cobija, 'in Bolivia [= Chile], Arica, and Patagonia; restricted to Carmen de Patagones, Río Negro, Argentina, by Peters, 1923, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 322.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/182/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] mentalis"],["14221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola maclovianus maclovianus","(Garnot, 1826)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.12 p.540",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-021A2501",null,null,"Îles Malouines, dans les environs de la baie de l'Huile, du port Duperrey et les vallées qui avoisinent l'Aiguade.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/58/mode/1up","Sylvia macloviana"],["14222","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola albilora","de Lafresnaye, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.60","White-browed Ground Tyrant","White-browed Ground-Tyrant","White-browed Ground-tyrant",null,null,"breeds Andes of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina; winters to southern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700173","wbgtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbgtyr1","avibase-16B45960",null,null,"'Chili ou Colombie' indicated by the title of the paper; restricted to Santiago, Chile by Bangs and Penard, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 27.","Sur quelques espèces d'Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus du Chili et de la Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/64/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola albilora"],["14223","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola capistratus","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.248","Cinnamon-bellied Ground Tyrant","Cinnamon-bellied Ground-Tyrant","Cinnamon-bellied Ground-tyrant",null,null,"breeds southern Chile and southern Argentina; winters northward in Andes to southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700152","cibgrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibgrt1","avibase-362568A3",null,null,"foot of Sierra de Mendoza, Argentina.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/260/mode/1up","Ptyonura capistrata"],["14224","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola frontalis","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.248","Black-fronted Ground Tyrant","Black-fronted Ground-Tyrant","Black-fronted Ground-tyrant",null,null,"breeds Andes of Chile and Argentina; winters northward to southern Peru (Arequipa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700203","bfgtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfgtyr1","avibase-6B482E47",null,null,"foot of Sierra de Mendoza, Argentina.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/260/mode/1up","Ptyonura frontalis"],["14225","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Muscisaxicola juninensis","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.214","Puna Ground Tyrant","Puna Ground-Tyrant","Puna Ground-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of Peru (Junín and Lima) to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700168","pugtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pugtyr1","avibase-7C4D58E9",null,null,"Junín, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/224/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola Juninensis"],["14226","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lessonia","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.490",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anthus sordidus [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy = Alauda rufa J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/664/mode/1up","Lessonia"],["14227","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lessonia rufa","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.792","Austral Negrito","Austral Negrito","Austral Negrito",null,null,"central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; winters to southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700216","ausneg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausneg1","avibase-644B907D",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/293/mode/1up","[Alauda] rufa"],["14228","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Lessonia oreas","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.154","Andean Negrito","Andean Negrito","Andean Negrito",null,null,"Andes of Peru (Huánuco) to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700213","andneg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andneg1","avibase-1DF12516",null,null,"Tinta, Cuzco, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/204/mode/1up","Centrites oreas"],["14229","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hymenops","Lesson, 1828","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, pt.1 p.239",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hymenops nyctitarius [Lesson, 1828]; type by monotypy = Motacilla perspicillata J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119030#page/253/mode/1up","Hymenops"],["14230","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hymenops perspicillatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.969","Spectacled Tyrant","Spectacled Tyrant","Spectacled Tyrant",null,null,"breeds in grassy marshes, fields, and pastures from the lowlands of north-central Chile to south-central Chile and far northern Argentina and southeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) southward to southern Chile (mainland Magallanes) and southern Argentina (Santa Cruz); winters in far northern Argentina northward to eastern and northern Bolivia, Paraguay, and south-central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700266","spetyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spetyr1","avibase-D8733C22",null,null,"Montevideo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/470/mode/1up","Motacilla perspicillata"],["14231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hymenops perspicillatus perspicillatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.969",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil to Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74A47EA4",null,null,"Montevideo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/470/mode/1up","Motacilla perspicillata"],["14232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Hymenops perspicillatus andinus","(Ridgway, 1879)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.61 p.483",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central to southern Chile (mainland Magallanes) and southern Argentina (Santa Cruz); winters to northern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37EF71A0",null,null,"Santiago, Chile (to New Granada = error).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/507/mode/1up","Lichenops perspicillatus andinus"],["14233","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.973",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa cyanirostris [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/535/mode/1up","Knipolegus"],["14234","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus cyanirostris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.447","Blue-billed Black Tyrant","Blue-billed Black-Tyrant","Blue-billed Black-tyrant",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Uruguay, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700239","bbbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbbtyr1","avibase-D83957BC",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/457/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanirostris"],["14235","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus signatus","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.532","Jelski's Black Tyrant","Jelski's Black-Tyrant","Andean Black-tyrant",null,null,"east slope of Andes from southeastern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) southward to central Peru (to Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103683026","andtyr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andtyr3","avibase-3BEB2207",null,null,"Montana de Nancho, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/690/mode/1up","Ochthodiaeta signatus"],["14236","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus cabanisi","Schulz, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.160 p.462","Plumbeous Tyrant","Plumbeous Black-Tyrant","Plumbeous Black-tyrant",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731705","andtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andtyr2","avibase-2E2543B4",null,null,"near Sauciyaca and Chaquebil, Tucumán, Argentina.","Ueber eine neue Cnipolegus-Art.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/474/mode/1up","Cnipolegus Cabanisi"],["14237","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus striaticeps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.66","Cinereous Tyrant","Cinereous Tyrant","Cinereous Black-tyrant",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and far southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700220","cintyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cintyr1","avibase-013E99A8",null,null,"'La Paz' [= Chiquitos, fide Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., p. 334] , Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/182/mode/1up","M[uscisaxicola] striaticeps"],["14238","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus hudsoni","Sclater, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.541 pl.31,text","Hudson's Black Tyrant","Hudson's Black-Tyrant","Hudson's Black-tyrant",null,null,"central Argentina; winters to Bolivia, southwestern Brazil, and southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700223","hubtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hubtyr1","avibase-5CA4674C",null,null,"Río Negro, Patagonia.","On the Birds of the Rio Negro of Patagonia. With Notes by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/625/mode/1up","Cnipolegus hudsoni"],["14239","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus aterrimus","Kaup, 1853","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.29","White-winged Black Tyrant","White-winged Black-Tyrant",null,"2025-0469","Taxon <em>heterogyna </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Knipolegus aterrimus</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a separate species based on plumage and vocalizations, but vocal data are sparse and a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking. Phylogenetic placement of <em>heterogyna </em>as sister to <em>K. signatus</em> appears to be based on misidentification of the <em>heterogyna </em>sample in the genomic DNA study of Harvey et al. (2020); further research needed.","breeds in northern Peru, in the Marañón Valley from Cajamarca southward to Ancash, also intermontane valleys and on the east slope of the Andes from central Peru) southward to southern Bolivia (La Paz southward to eastern Potosí and Tarija) and western Argentina (south to Chubut); occurs in Paraguay and northeastern Argentina in the nonbreeding season",null,null,null,"whwblt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwblt1","avibase-070A3D5E",null,null,"Ayupaya [= Ayopayo] , Cochabamba, and Chuquisaca, Bolivia; restricted to Cochabamba by Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 317.","Uebersicht des Genus Cnipolegus, Boie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/41/mode/1up","Cnipolegus aterrimus"],["14240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus aterrimus heterogyna","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Marañón Valley in Cajamarca, La Libertad, and Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09D7F8D2",null,null,"Cajabamba, Peru.","Studien über Tyranniden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/499/mode/1up","Knipolegus aterrimus heterogyna"],["14241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus aterrimus anthracinus","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.41 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Ayacucho, Cusco, and Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7BFC32F",null,null,"Bolivia; type from Yungas of La Paz, fide Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 318.","Das Genus Cnipolegus Boie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/344/mode/1up","C[nipolegus] anthracinus"],["14242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus aterrimus aterrimus","Kaup, 1853","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Bolivia, western Argentina, and Chaco of Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5B235BE",null,null,"Ayupaya [= Ayopayo] , Cochabamba, and Chuquisaca, Bolivia; restricted to Cochabamba by Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 317.","Uebersicht des Genus Cnipolegus, Boie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/41/mode/1up","Cnipolegus aterrimus"],["14243","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus lophotes","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.317","Crested Black Tyrant","Crested Black-Tyrant","Crested Black-tyrant",null,null,"south-central and southeastern Brazil to Uruguay and northeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700261","crbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbtyr1","avibase-63720DC9",null,null,"São Paulo, Brasil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/167/mode/1up","Knipolegus lophotes"],["14244","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus franciscanus","Snethlage, 1928","Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 4, no.2 p.1","Sao Francisco Black Tyrant","Caatinga Black-Tyrant","Caatinga Black-tyrant",null,null,"east-central Brazil (Minas Gerais and Rio São Francisco in Bahia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700250","whwblt2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwblt2","avibase-77477F0F",null,null,"Lapa do Bom Jesus, Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.","Novas especies e subspecies de Aves do Brasil Central.","https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/28dcda10-abed-4038-ae8f-c8ec6f0e891f/content","Knipolegus aterrimus franciscanus"],["14245","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus nigerrimus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.453","Velvety Black Tyrant","Velvety Black-Tyrant","Velvety Black-tyrant",null,null,"eastern Brazil (northeastern Bahia and Alagoas to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700256","vebtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vebtyr1","avibase-4116DF96",null,null,"Brazil; cotypes in Paris Museum from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/463/mode/1up","Muscicapa nigerrima"],["14246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus nigerrimus hoflingae","Lencioni-Neto, 1996","Revista Brasileria de Biologia 56 p.197-201",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-492D1519",null,null,"Mucuge, Bahia, Brazil","Uma nova subespécie de Knipolegus (Aves, Tyrannidae) do Estado da Bahia, Brasil.",null,"Knipolegus nigerrimus hoflingi"],["14247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus nigerrimus nigerrimus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07B9BDA5",null,null,"Brazil; cotypes in Paris Museum from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/463/mode/1up","Muscicapa nigerrima"],["14248","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus poecilurus","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.112","Rufous-tailed Tyrant","Rufous-tailed Tyrant","Rufous-tailed Tyrant",null,null,"humid montane forest, borders, and scrub in coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, the tepuis of southern Venezuela, far northern Brazil (northern Amazonas and Roraima), and adjacent Guyana, Sierra de Perijá, the Andes of western Venezuela southward along all Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador, and the eastern Andes of Ecuador southward to southeastern Peru and very locally in northwestern Bolivia (sight records only)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700244","ruttyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruttyr1","avibase-AED66D49",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/142/mode/1up","Empidochanes poecilurus"],["14249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus poecilurus poecilurus","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC661156",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/142/mode/1up","Empidochanes poecilurus"],["14250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus poecilurus venezuelanus","(Hellmayr, 1927)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9433BFAF",null,null,"El Escorial, 2,500 m., Mérida, Venezuela.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/240/mode/1up","Cnemotriccus poecilurus venezuelanus"],["14251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus poecilurus paraquensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southern Venezuela (Cerro Paraque area of Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5FF5E3A",null,null,"Cerro Paraque, 1,600 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/133/mode/1up","Knipolegus poecilurus paraquensis"],["14252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus poecilurus salvini","(Sclater, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 14 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4545EB1",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34363#page/242/mode/1up","Empidochanes salvini"],["14253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus poecilurus peruanus","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD858581",null,null,"Garita del Sol, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/424/mode/1up","Empidochanes poecilurus peruanus"],["14254","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus poecilocercus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.116,181","Amazonian Black Tyrant","Amazonian Black-Tyrant","Amazonian Black-tyrant",null,null,"southern Venezuela and western Guyana to eastern Ecuador and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700228","ambtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ambtyr1","avibase-1115C355",null,null,"Rio Amajau, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/191/mode/1up","Empidochanes poecilocercus"],["14255","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus orenocensis","Berlepsch, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.433 pl.12","Riverside Tyrant","Riverside Tyrant",null,"2025-0468","Taxon <em>sclateri </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Knipolegus orenocensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>xinguensis</em>) pending further research. Comparative vocal and genetic data from across the entire range of <em>orenocensis </em>are needed.","riparian scrub, Tessaria, and cane thickets in river islands along major rivers in the Orinoco and Amazon basins, the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, from southeastern Venezuela, northeastern Colombia, easternmost Ecuador, and northeastern Peru, and in Brazil eastward to western Tocantins and southward to western Goiás",null,null,null,"rivtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rivtyr2","avibase-BE385722",null,null,"Angostura [= Ciudad Bolívar], Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On a Collection of Bird-skins from the Orinoco, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/485/mode/1up","Cnipolegus orenocensis"],["14256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus orenocensis orenocensis","Berlepsch, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.433 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (northeastern Meta) and central Venezuela (lower Río Apure and upper Río Orinoco eastward to Ciudad Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97F6084A",null,null,"Angostura [= Ciudad Bolívar], Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On a Collection of Bird-skins from the Orinoco, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/485/mode/1up","Cnipolegus orenocensis"],["14257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus orenocensis xinguensis","Berlepsch, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (lower Rio Xingú, Rio Tapajós, and Rio Araguaia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EE2B8EE",null,null,"Santa Julia, Rio Iriri, Rio Xingu, Brazil.","Beschreibung neuer Vogelformen aus dem Gebiete des unteren Amazonas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/37/mode/1up","Knipolegus orenocensis xinguensis"],["14258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Knipolegus orenocensis sclateri","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Ecuador (Río Napo), northeastern and eastern Peru (ríos Napo, Marañón, Amazon, upper Ucayali) to southern Colombia and north-central Brazil (along Amazon River and Rio Madeira eastward to lower Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E110335",null,null,"Rio Madeira, Brazil; type from below mouth of Rio Mahissy [= Maici] , right bank of Rio Madeira, fide Hellmayr, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/332/mode/1up","Knipolegus sclateri"],["14259","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemarchus","Ridgway, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.208",null,null,null,"2025-0471","Genus-level changes in the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers are based on a combination of genetic (summarised by Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020), phenotypic, and behavioral data. The classification recognizes: <em>Syrtidicola fluviatilis</em> based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Muscisaxicola </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b), as well as morphological and ecological differences; <em>Cnemarchus rufipennis</em> based on common themes in plumage, vocalizations and ecology with <em>C. erythropygius</em>; <em>Pyrope pyrope</em> based on deep genetic divergence within the <em>Xolmis sensu lato</em> clade (Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020); monospecific <em>Nengetus</em> (<em>N. cinereus</em>) based on deep genetic divergence, and its distinctive plumage and ecology; <em>Neoxolmis </em>restricted to four species (<em>N. rufiventris, N. rubetra, N. salinarum</em>, and <em>N. coronatus</em>) which form a cohesive group based on plumage and ecology to the exclusion of <em>cinereus</em>; <em>Xolmis </em>restricted to <em>X. irupero </em>and <em>X. velatus</em> based on genetics; and <em>Heteroxolmis dominicanus</em>, as genetic data show it to be outside the Xolmiini and sister to <em>Alectrurus </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020) a placement also supported by osteological characters.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Taenioptera erythropygia [Sclater, PL, 1853]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/228/mode/1up","Cnemarchus"],["14260","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemarchus erythropygius","(Sclater, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.231 p.193 pl.41","Red-rumped Bush Tyrant","Red-rumped Bush-Tyrant","Red-rumped Bush-tyrant",null,null,"treeline, shrubby paramo, and Polylepis woodland in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (rare), southward patchily along the eastern Andes of Colombia, from southern Colombia (Nariño) southward to northern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca), and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru southward to west-central Bolivia (to Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699978","rrbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rrbtyr1","avibase-3BB9E319",null,null,"Ecuador; restricted to Verdecocha, Pichincha (J. T. Z.).","On two new species of Birds of the genus Taenioptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/239/mode/1up","Taenioptera erythropygia"],["14261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemarchus erythropygius orinomus","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and eastern Andes of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42023E73",null,null,"between 11,400 and 12,000 ft., above Mamancanaca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/661/mode/1up","Cnemarchus erythropygius orinomus"],["14262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemarchus erythropygius erythropygius","(Sclater, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.231 p.193 pl.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia to Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40DE83EB",null,null,"Ecuador; restricted to Verdecocha, Pichincha (J. T. Z.).","On two new species of Birds of the genus Taenioptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/239/mode/1up","Taenioptera erythropygia"],["14263","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemarchus rufipennis","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.134","Rufous-webbed Bush Tyrant","Rufous-webbed Bush-Tyrant","Rufous-webbed Bush-tyrant",null,null,"dry montane scrub, cacti, grassland, rocky outcrops, and Polylepis woodland in the Andes from northern Peru (central Cajamarca and Amazonas) southward to far northern Chile and northwestern Argentina (to Tucumán)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700123","rwbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rwbtyr1","avibase-FDB9861B",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/202/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola rufipennis"],["14264","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemarchus rufipennis rufipennis","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to far northwestern Argentina and far northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-097AEFEF",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/202/mode/1up","Muscisaxicola rufipennis"],["14265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Cnemarchus rufipennis bolivianus","(Fjeldså, 1990)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 110 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0B70C3D",null,null,"Cerro Blanco, Cochabamba, Bolivia","Geographic variation in the Rufous-webbed Tyrant Polioxolmis rufipennis, with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/334/mode/1up","Polioxolmis rufipennis bolivianus"],["14266","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xolmis","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.973",null,null,null,"2025-0471","Genus-level changes in the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers are based on a combination of genetic (summarised by Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020), phenotypic, and behavioral data. The classification recognizes: <em>Syrtidicola fluviatilis</em> based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Muscisaxicola </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b), as well as morphological and ecological differences; <em>Cnemarchus rufipennis</em> based on common themes in plumage, vocalizations and ecology with <em>C. erythropygius</em>; <em>Pyrope pyrope</em> based on deep genetic divergence within the <em>Xolmis sensu lato</em> clade (Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020); monospecific <em>Nengetus</em> (<em>N. cinereus</em>) based on deep genetic divergence, and its distinctive plumage and ecology; <em>Neoxolmis </em>restricted to four species (<em>N. rufiventris, N. rubetra, N. salinarum</em>, and <em>N. coronatus</em>) which form a cohesive group based on plumage and ecology to the exclusion of <em>cinereus</em>; <em>Xolmis </em>restricted to <em>X. irupero </em>and <em>X. velatus</em> based on genetics; and <em>Heteroxolmis dominicanus</em>, as genetic data show it to be outside the Xolmiini and sister to <em>Alectrurus </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020) a placement also supported by osteological characters.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannus irupero [Vieillot, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 10).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/535/mode/1up","Xolmis"],["14267","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xolmis velatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.54","White-rumped Monjita","White-rumped Monjita","White-rumped Monjita",null,null,"savanna and campos of eastern Brazil, northeastern Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700027","whrmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrmon2","avibase-B6F4FD86",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/74/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] velata"],["14268","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xolmis irupero","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.93 p.856","White Monjita","White Monjita","White Monjita",null,null,"savanna, grasslands with scattered bushes, and marsh edges from northeastern Brazil (Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte southward to southern Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro), and disjunctly from northern and eastern Bolivia eastward to southeastern Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul to Santa Catarina), southward to south-central Argentina (to Neuquén and eastern Chubut)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700035","whimon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whimon1","avibase-60658051",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/464/mode/1up","T[yrannus] irupero"],["14269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xolmis irupero niveus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.20, pl.29, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Ceará and Pernambuco to Bahia and Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25D9DC11",null,null,"near Juazeiro, Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/34/mode/1up","Muscicapa nivea"],["14270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Xolmis irupero irupero","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.93 p.856",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5B9905D",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/464/mode/1up","T[yrannus] irupero"],["14271","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrope","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.45.",null,null,null,"2025-0471","Genus-level changes in the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers are based on a combination of genetic (summarised by Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020), phenotypic, and behavioral data. The classification recognizes: <em>Syrtidicola fluviatilis</em> based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Muscisaxicola </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b), as well as morphological and ecological differences; <em>Cnemarchus rufipennis</em> based on common themes in plumage, vocalizations and ecology with <em>C. erythropygius</em>; <em>Pyrope pyrope</em> based on deep genetic divergence within the <em>Xolmis sensu lato</em> clade (Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020); monospecific <em>Nengetus</em> (<em>N. cinereus</em>) based on deep genetic divergence, and its distinctive plumage and ecology; <em>Neoxolmis </em>restricted to four species (<em>N. rufiventris, N. rubetra, N. salinarum</em>, and <em>N. coronatus</em>) which form a cohesive group based on plumage and ecology to the exclusion of <em>cinereus</em>; <em>Xolmis </em>restricted to <em>X. irupero </em>and <em>X. velatus</em> based on genetics; and <em>Heteroxolmis dominicanus</em>, as genetic data show it to be outside the Xolmiini and sister to <em>Alectrurus </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020) a placement also supported by osteological characters.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M?","Pyrope kittlitzi [Cabanis & Heine]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/53/mode/1up","Pyrope"],["14272","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrope pyrope","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.191 pl.10","Fire-eyed Diucon","Fire-eyed Diucon","Fire-eyed Diucon",null,null,"Nothofagus forest, woodland, and hedgerows from central Chile (including Chiloé) and west-central Argentina (from Neuquén) southward to Tierra del Fuego; some northward movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700007","fiediu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fiediu1","avibase-7161C811",null,null,"Tome, Bahia de Concepcion, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97224#page/450/mode/1up","Muscicapa Pyrope"],["14273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrope pyrope pyrope","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.191 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Chile and adjacent Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-047BDEA8",null,null,"Tome, Bahia de Concepcion, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97224#page/450/mode/1up","Muscicapa Pyrope"],["14274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Pyrope pyrope fortis","(Philippi Bañados & Johnson, 1946)","Las Aves de Chile: Su conocimiento y sus costumbres 1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiloé Island (Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38329DC7",null,null,"Ancud, Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile.",null,null,"Xolmis pyrope fortis"],["14275","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nengetus","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.10 p.166",null,null,null,"2025-0471","Genus-level changes in the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers are based on a combination of genetic (summarised by Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020), phenotypic, and behavioral data. The classification recognizes: <em>Syrtidicola fluviatilis</em> based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Muscisaxicola </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b), as well as morphological and ecological differences; <em>Cnemarchus rufipennis</em> based on common themes in plumage, vocalizations and ecology with <em>C. erythropygius</em>; <em>Pyrope pyrope</em> based on deep genetic divergence within the <em>Xolmis sensu lato</em> clade (Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020); monospecific <em>Nengetus</em> (<em>N. cinereus</em>) based on deep genetic divergence, and its distinctive plumage and ecology; <em>Neoxolmis </em>restricted to four species (<em>N. rufiventris, N. rubetra, N. salinarum</em>, and <em>N. coronatus</em>) which form a cohesive group based on plumage and ecology to the exclusion of <em>cinereus</em>; <em>Xolmis </em>restricted to <em>X. irupero </em>and <em>X. velatus</em> based on genetics; and <em>Heteroxolmis dominicanus</em>, as genetic data show it to be outside the Xolmiini and sister to <em>Alectrurus </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020) a placement also supported by osteological characters.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannus nengeta [Swainson, 1826]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/194/mode/1up","Nengetus"],["14276","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nengetus cinereus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68","Grey Monjita","Gray Monjita","Grey Monjita",null,null,"grassland, Cerrado, savanna, open areas, and cities from southern Suriname (Sipaliwini savanna) and northeastern Brazil (from southern Amapá) southward across interior Brazil, including southern Amazon basin, southward to far eastern Peru (Pampas del Heath), southwestern Brazil (Rondônia), northern and eastern Bolivia (northern Beni and La Paz), and east-central Argentina (to Buenos Aires)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700010","grymon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grymon1","avibase-314EEE94",null,null,"'l'Amérique Mérid.;' restricted to hinterland of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 305.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Tyrannus cinereus"],["14277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nengetus cinereus cinereus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname; Amazonian and eastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE20CB6F",null,null,"'l'Amérique Mérid.;' restricted to hinterland of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 305.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Tyrannus cinereus"],["14278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Nengetus cinereus pepoaza","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.93 p.855",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios) to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F60B701E",null,null,"Paraguay; restricted to Caaguassii, Paraguay (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/463/mode/1up","T[yrannus] Pepoaza"],["14279","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neoxolmis","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.39",null,null,null,"2025-0471","Genus-level changes in the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers are based on a combination of genetic (summarised by Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020), phenotypic, and behavioral data. The classification recognizes: <em>Syrtidicola fluviatilis</em> based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Muscisaxicola </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b), as well as morphological and ecological differences; <em>Cnemarchus rufipennis</em> based on common themes in plumage, vocalizations and ecology with <em>C. erythropygius</em>; <em>Pyrope pyrope</em> based on deep genetic divergence within the <em>Xolmis sensu lato</em> clade (Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020); monospecific <em>Nengetus</em> (<em>N. cinereus</em>) based on deep genetic divergence, and its distinctive plumage and ecology; <em>Neoxolmis </em>restricted to four species (<em>N. rufiventris, N. rubetra, N. salinarum</em>, and <em>N. coronatus</em>) which form a cohesive group based on plumage and ecology to the exclusion of <em>cinereus</em>; <em>Xolmis </em>restricted to <em>X. irupero </em>and <em>X. velatus</em> based on genetics; and <em>Heteroxolmis dominicanus</em>, as genetic data show it to be outside the Xolmiini and sister to <em>Alectrurus </em>(Chesser et al. 2020b; Ohlson et al. 2020) a placement also supported by osteological characters.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannus rufiventris [Vieillot, 1823]; type by original designation",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/53/mode/1up","Neoxolmis"],["14280","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neoxolmis coronatus","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.93 p.855-856","Black-crowned Monjita","Black-crowned Monjita","Black-crowned Monjita",null,null,"southern Argentina; winters to southern Bolivia, Paraguay, and far southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700019","bkcmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcmon1","avibase-D41833B3",null,null,"Paraguay and La Plata River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/463/mode/1up","Tyrannus coronatus"],["14281","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neoxolmis rufiventris","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.93 p.856","Chocolate-vented Tyrant","Chocolate-vented Tyrant","Chocolate-vented Tyrant",null,null,"far southern Argentina and Chile; winters northward to far southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700069","chvtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chvtyr2","avibase-86F38EB3",null,null,"Río Santa Lucia, 20 leagues from Montevideo, Uruguay.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/464/mode/1up","T[yrannus] rufiventris"],["14282","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neoxolmis rubetra","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.247","Rusty-backed Monjita","Rusty-backed Monjita","Rusty-backed Monjita",null,null,"western Argentina (Mendoza to Santa Cruz); winters to western Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700038","rubmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubmon1","avibase-623E3CC8",null,null,"Sierra de Mendoza; type from pampa south of Mendoza, around San Carlos and Totoral, Argentina, fide Burmeister, 1861, Reise La Plata-Staaten, 2, p. 461.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/259/mode/1up","Taenioptera Rubetra"],["14283","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Neoxolmis salinarum","(Nores & Yzurieta, 1979)","Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Córdoba, Argentina) Miscelanea no.61 p.4-8","Salinas Monjita","Salinas Monjita","Salinas Monjita",null,null,"arid salinas of northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700045","salmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salmon1","avibase-4C43DBFB",null,null,"Monte de las Barrancas, Salinas Grandes del noroeste de Córdoba, Argentina","Una nueva especie y dos nuevas subespecies de aves (Passeriformes).","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-ZMZeGspzieCpnfkiUdQRbJor2irs_ZC/view","Xolmis rubetra salinarum"],["14284","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxvi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tyrannus rufiventris [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 48). = Myiotheretes striaticollis pallidus von Berlepsch, 1906  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/155/mode/1up","Myiotheretes"],["14285","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes striaticollis","(Sclater, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.231 p.193 pl.42","Streak-throated Bush Tyrant","Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant","Streak-throated Bush-tyrant",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest borders, woodland, and treeline in the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward to far northern Chile and northwestern Argentina (to northern La Rioja)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699987","stbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbtyr1","avibase-8200F58C",null,null,"Ecuador.","On two new species of Birds of the genus Taenioptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/239/mode/1up","Taenioptera striaticollis"],["14286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes striaticollis striaticollis","(Sclater, 1853)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.231 p.193 pl.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela, Ecuador, and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07FD4B73",null,null,"Ecuador.","On two new species of Birds of the genus Taenioptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/239/mode/1up","Taenioptera striaticollis"],["14287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes striaticollis pallidus","Berlepsch, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Cusco) to northern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41945CCF",null,null,"Norco, Tucumán, Argentina.","On seven new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/124/mode/1up","Myiotheretes striaticollis pallidus"],["14288","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes fuscorufus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.354","Rufous-bellied Bush Tyrant","Rufous-bellied Bush-Tyrant","Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (Pasco) to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700002","rbbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbbtyr1","avibase-DF0FEF41",null,null,"Tilotilo, Yungas, La Paz, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/442/mode/1up","Ochthodiaeta fuscorufus"],["14289","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes pernix","(Bangs, 1899)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.95","Santa Marta Bush Tyrant","Santa Marta Bush-Tyrant","Santa Marta Bush-tyrant",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699992","smbtyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbtyr1","avibase-EA2A3AC2",null,null,"Macotama, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/125/mode/1up","Ochthodiaeta pernix"],["14290","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes fumigatus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.71","Smoky Bush Tyrant","Smoky Bush-Tyrant","Smoky Bush-tyrant",null,null,"humid montane forest in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes of western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to the Andes of northern Peru (Cajamarca), and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru (Amazonas) southward to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22699997","smbtyr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbtyr2","avibase-0E03869D",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/81/mode/1up","Tyrannula fumigata"],["14291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes fumigatus olivaceus","(Phelps & Phelps, 1953)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27EE24D2",null,null,"Cerro Tetari, 2,900 m. upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perijá Mountains, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/24/mode/1up","Ochthodiaeta fumigata olivacea"],["14292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes fumigatus fumigatus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E855C9A5",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/81/mode/1up","Tyrannula fumigata"],["14293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes fumigatus lugubris","(Berlepsch, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Táchira, Trujillo, and Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F372222C",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of six new Species of Birds from Southern and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/552/mode/1up","Ochthodiaeta lugubris"],["14294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Myiotheretes fumigatus cajamarcae","(Chapman, 1927)","American Museum Novitates no.250 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (Cañar) and Peru (southward to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FDB4A95",null,null,"Taulis, 8,850 ft.. Pacific slope, northeast of Pacasmayo, Peru.","Description of new birds from northwestern Peru and western Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4109/","Ochthodieta fumigata cajamarcae"],["14295","genus","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt3 p.56 pl.12,13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Agriornis micropterus [Gould, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 1).",null,null,null,"Agriornis"],["14296","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis montanus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.64","Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant","Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant","Black-billed Shrike-tyrant",null,null,"dry to semi-humid grassy paramo, puna, dry scrub, rocky fields, and agricultural land in the Andes from far southern Colombia southward to southern Chile and southern Argentina, northern coastal Chile (Iquique to Coquimbo), sierras of Córdoba and San Luis (north-central Argentina), very locally in southern Buenos Aires, and in south-central Argentina from Río Negro to Santa Cruz; southernmost populations winter to northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700072","bkbsht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbsht1","avibase-78427CA9",null,null,"Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/180/mode/1up","P[epoaza] Montana"],["14297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis montanus solitarius","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3895F78B",null,null,"Hacienda Titaicun, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/661/mode/1up","Agriornis solitaria"],["14298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis montanus insolens","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FE1AA92",null,null,"Tinta, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/203/mode/1up","Agriornis insolens"],["14299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis montanus intermedius","Hellmayr, 1927","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.5 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Oruro) to northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62FBBADD",null,null,"Putre, 11,600 ft., Chile, Prov. Tacna, Peru","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part V. Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21258#page/19/mode/1up","Agriornis montana intermedia"],["14300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis montanus montanus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA9644D8",null,null,"Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/180/mode/1up","P[epoaza] Montana"],["14301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis montanus maritimus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Chile and southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C99D1EC",null,null,"Cobija, Bolivia [= Prov. Antofagasta, Chile] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/181/mode/1up","Pep[oaza] maritima"],["14302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis montanus fumosus","Nores & Yzurieta, 1983","El Hornero no.Extraordinario p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"central Argentina (Sierras de Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B032623",null,null,"las Sierras Grandes de Córdoba (pampa de Achala, 2200 m), Argentina. 21-09-1973","Especiacion en las sierras pampeanas de Cordoba y San Luis (Argentina), con descripcion de siete nuevas subespecies de aves.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1142","Agriornis montana fumosus"],["14303","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis murinus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.63","Lesser Shrike-Tyrant","Lesser Shrike-Tyrant","Lesser Shrike-tyrant",null,null,"southern Argentina; winters northward to western Paraguay and southern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700114","lessht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessht1","avibase-869B1D21",null,null,"Patagonia; type from Río Negro, Argentina, fide Hellmayr, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 327.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/179/mode/1up","P[epoaza] Murina"],["14304","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis albicauda","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1863)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 29, bd.1 p.132","White-tailed Shrike-Tyrant","White-tailed Shrike-Tyrant","White-tailed Shrike-tyrant",null,null,"rare in dry paramo and puna with scattered trees, xeric scrub and rocky slopes in the Andes from northern Ecuador southward locally to northeastern Chile and very locally in northwestern Argentina (mainly Tucumán)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700081","wtstyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtstyr1","avibase-D918C06D",null,null,"one of the valleys of the cordilleras of Peru; restricted to cordillera of Arica, Chile by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31367#page/140/mode/1up","Dasycephala albicauda"],["14305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis albicauda pollens","Sclater, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Ecuador (north to Imbabura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D19964D8",null,null,"New name for Agriornis andicola Sclater PZS 1860, p.78; Panza, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/203/mode/1up","Agriornis pollens"],["14306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis albicauda albicauda","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1863)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 29, bd.1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17DA0A28",null,null,"one of the valleys of the cordilleras of Peru; restricted to cordillera of Arica, Chile by Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31367#page/140/mode/1up","Dasycephala albicauda"],["14307","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis lividus","(Kittlitz, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.465 pl.1","Great Shrike-Tyrant","Great Shrike-Tyrant","Great Shrike-tyrant",null,null,"dry to humid shrubland and agricultural fields from the coast of northern Chile southward to Patagonia in southern Chile and southern Argentina, mostly in the Andes (from Mendoza southward to northern Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700095","gresht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gresht1","avibase-EBADB6D6",null,null,"mountains of Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Tamnophilus lividus"],["14308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis lividus lividus","(Kittlitz, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.465 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coast and mountains of Chile (Atacama to Valdivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADA3285A",null,null,"mountains of Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Tamnophilus lividus"],["14309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis lividus fortis","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile (Aysén) and southern Argentina (to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A2C3474",null,null,"Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, Argentina.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/380/mode/1up","Agriornis livida fortis"],["14310","species","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis micropterus","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.57 pl.12","Grey-bellied Shrike-Tyrant","Gray-bellied Shrike-Tyrant","Grey-bellied Shrike-tyrant",null,null,"open shrubby steppe and shrubby puna grassland, resident in the Andes of southeastern Peru southward across Bolivia and adjacent northeastern Chile to northwestern Argentina, and breeds disjunctly in the sierras of Cordoba and in central Argentina (Mendoza southward to northern Tierra del Fuego); southern population winters in northern Argentina, western Uruguay, southernmost Brazil, western Paraguay, and likely southern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22700104","gybsht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybsht1","avibase-64FD388A",null,null,"Port Desire, Patagonia, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/129/mode/1up","Agriornis microptera"],["14311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis micropterus andecola","(d'Orbigny, 1840)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 49, Oiseaux p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru to Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-181CEA6B",null,null,"'sur les parties les plus elevees [5000 met.] du plateau des Andes'; restricted to La Paz, Bolivia (J. T. Z.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/367/mode/1up","Pepoaza andecola"],["14312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tyrannidae","Tyrant Flycatchers and allies","Agriornis micropterus micropterus","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.57 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Andes of southern Argentina; winters to southern Bolivia, southwestern Paraguay, and southern Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CDDD05F",null,null,"Port Desire, Patagonia, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/129/mode/1up","Agriornis microptera"],["14313","family","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareiidae",null,null,"Crescentchests","Crescentchests","Crescentchests",null,null,null,null,null,null,"melano2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melano2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["14314","genus","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.164, 146 (tab.)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis maximiliani [d'Orbigny, 1835]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 27).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/194/mode/1up","Melanopareia"],["14315","species","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia maranonica","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.3","Maranon Crescentchest","Marañon Crescentchest","Maranon Crescentchest",null,null,"far southern Ecuador (southern Zamora-Chinchipe) and adjacent northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703463","marcre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marcre1","avibase-47E71FE1",null,null,"Perico, Río Chinchipe, Peru.","Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4336/","Melanopareia maranonicus"],["14316","species","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia elegans","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.13 col.303","Elegant Crescentchest","Elegant Crescentchest","Elegant Crescentchest",null,null,"arid to semi-humid scrub, woodland and dry forest, and thickets in grassy fields from northwestern Ecuador, in southern Esmeraldas, southward to northwestern Peru, to southern La Libertad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703457","elecre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elecre1","avibase-42E4A8D9",null,null,"Guayaquil.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (16e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/109/mode/1up","Synallaxis elegans"],["14317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia elegans elegans","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.13 col.303",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Ecuador (northward to Manabí and far southern Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEF38C16",null,null,"Guayaquil.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (16e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/109/mode/1up","Synallaxis elegans"],["14318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia elegans paucalensis","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 1 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Peru (southward to La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A47192C",null,null,"Paucal [=Nancho].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/141/mode/1up","Synallaxis paucalensis"],["14319","species","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia torquata","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.697","Collared Crescentchest","Collared Crescentchest","Collared Crescentchest","2025-0541","Taxon <em>bitorquata </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Melanopareia torquata</em> based on the absence of clear differences in vocalizations and morphology in this complex.","grassy fields with low and scattered bushes, thickets, and campos in the Cerrado region from northeastern Brazil, in Maranhão, southward to southern Minas Gerais and São Paulo, and to northern Paraguay and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703449","colcre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colcre1","avibase-CA4D206B",null,null,"Campo Geral of inner Brazil = campos on the Baia-Minas Gerais border.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/719/mode/1up","Synallaxis torquatus"],["14320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia torquata torquata","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.697",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerrado of interior eastern Brazil (southern Piauí and western Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9E98F92",null,null,"Campo Geral of inner Brazil = campos on the Baia-Minas Gerais border.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/719/mode/1up","Synallaxis torquatus"],["14321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia torquata rufescens","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.167, footnote a",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerrado of central Brazil and far northeastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01592ACA",null,null,"Irisanga, São Paulo, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/185/mode/1up","Melanopareia torquata rufescens"],["14322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia torquata bitorquata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerrado of Bolivia (northeastern Santa Cruz) and adjacent Brazil (far western Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99DC22E8",null,null,"Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/140/mode/1up","Synallaxis bitorquata"],["14323","species","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia maximiliani","(d'Orbigny, 1838)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr.36, Oiseaux p.247","Olive-crowned Crescentchest","Olive-crowned Crescentchest","Olive-crowned Crescentchest",null,null,"arid to semi-humid scrub, grassy fields with scattered bushes, and Polylepis woodland in the Andes from Yungas of western Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina, southward to Catamarca, and in the Chaco region from western Paraguay southward to north-central Argentina, southward to San Luis",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703453","olccre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olccre1","avibase-B75A42C7",null,null,"summit of Mt. Biscachal, near Carcuata, Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/263/mode/1up","Synallaxis Maximiliani"],["14324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia maximiliani maximiliani","(d'Orbigny, 1838)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr.36, Oiseaux p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE1D1B32",null,null,"summit of Mt. Biscachal, near Carcuata, Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/263/mode/1up","Synallaxis Maximiliani"],["14325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia maximiliani argentina","(Hellmayr, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (western Córdoba and northern San Luis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EB03442",null,null,"Norco, 1200 meters, Tucumán.","Exhibition of some new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/498/mode/1up","Synallaxis maximiliani argentina"],["14326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanopareiidae","Crescentchests","Melanopareia maximiliani pallida","Nores & Yzurieta, 1980","Historia Natural (Mendoza) 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia and Chaco of western Paraguay and northern Argentina (from eastern Formosa southward to Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65FE33EB",null,null,"La Guampita, Departamento Vera, Santa Fé, Argentina","Nuevas aves de la Argentina.",null,"Melanopareia maximiliani pallida"],["14327","family","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophagidae",null,null,"Gnateaters","Gnateaters","Gnateaters",null,null,null,null,null,null,"conopo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/conopo1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["14328","genus","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma","Cassin, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Pittasoma michleri [Cassin, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17942#page/195/mode/1up","Pittasoma"],["14329","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma michleri","Cassin, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12 p.189","Black-crowned Antpitta","Black-crowned Antpitta","Black-crowned Pittasoma",null,null,"humid forest in the Caribbean slope from northern Costa Rica eastward across Panama to the Pacific slope in far eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703231","blcant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcant1","avibase-DC49C290",null,null,"Río Truando, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17942#page/195/mode/1up","Pittasoma Michleri"],["14330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma michleri zeledoni","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.392 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AC6A781",null,null,"Río Sucio, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/428/mode/1up","Pittasoma michleri zeledoni"],["14331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma michleri michleri","Cassin, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and far northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCEBDB87",null,null,"Río Truando, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17942#page/195/mode/1up","Pittasoma Michleri"],["14332","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma rufopileatum","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.370","Rufous-crowned Antpitta","Rufous-crowned Antpitta","Rufous-crowned Pittasoma",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Pacific lowlands from northwestern Colombia, in northern Antioquia and adjacent Córdoba, southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703234","rucant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucant3","avibase-98B2F147",null,null,"Bulun, Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Col. pl., Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, pl. 8, fig. 1.","On some birds from North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/420/mode/1up","Pittasoma rufopileatum"],["14333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma rufopileatum rosenbergi","Hellmayr, 1911","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 2, 3ème Année, no.24 et 24 bis p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia and Baudó Mountains (southward to Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B21FEF8",null,null,"Sipi, 150 feet, Río Sipi, Chocó, Colombia.","Description de trois nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des familles de Dendrocolaptidés et Fomicariidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/81/mode/1up","Pittasoma rosenbergi"],["14334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma rufopileatum harterti","Chapman, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands and foothills of Colombia (Cauca and western Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-827D924F",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Pittasoma harterti"],["14335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Pittasoma rufopileatum rufopileatum","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FDFB8CF",null,null,"Bulun, Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Col. pl., Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, pl. 8, fig. 1.","On some birds from North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/420/mode/1up","Pittasoma rufopileatum"],["14336","genus","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus auritus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 31).  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f45.item","Conopophaga"],["14337","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga melanogaster","Ménétries, 1835","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg (6), 1 p.537 pl.15 fig.2","Black-bellied Gnateater","Black-bellied Gnateater","Black-bellied Gnateater",null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703418","blbgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbgna1","avibase-C0F59C9F",null,null,"Cuiaba; Rio Madeira substituted as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 27.",null,null,"Conopophaga melanogaster"],["14338","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga melanops","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.14","Black-cheeked Gnateater","Black-cheeked Gnateater","Black-cheeked Gnateater",null,null,"humid and dense forest in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil, in Rio Grande do Norte, southward to Santa Catarina, in southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703415","blcgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcgna1","avibase-EA9CEB99",null,null,"South America; the type is from near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 32.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/22/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos melanops"],["14339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga melanops perspicillata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (coastal Bahia and (?) adjacent Sergipe)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBA5230C",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/63/mode/1up","Myiothera perspicillata"],["14340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga melanops melanops","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AC14627",null,null,"South America; the type is from near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 32.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/22/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos melanops"],["14341","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga melanops nigrifrons","Pinto, 1954","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 12 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Paraíba to Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-670B3E59",null,null,"Mangabeira, Usina Sinimbu, Alagoas, Brasil.","Resultados ornitologicos de duas viagens cientificas ao Estado de Alagoas.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208557","Conopophaga melanops nigrifrons"],["14342","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga cearae","Cory, 1916","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.337","Ceara Gnateater","Ceara Gnateater","Ceara Gnateater",null,null,"local in northeastern Brazil (Serra de Baturité in Ceará, Pernambuco, and Chapada Diamantina in northern Bahia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728504","rufgna2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufgna2","avibase-E669DB94",null,null,"Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/9/mode/1up","Conopophaga lineata cearae"],["14343","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga roberti","Hellmayr, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.54","Hooded Gnateater","Hooded Gnateater","Hooded Gnateater",null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Pará to western Ceará and southern Piauí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703403","hoogna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoogna1","avibase-1BC6D0DF",null,null,"Igarapé Assu [=Igarapé-Açu], Pará, Brazil.","On four new species of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/664/mode/1up","Conopophaga roberti"],["14344","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga lineata","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1046","Rufous Gnateater","Rufous Gnateater","Rufous Gnateater",null,null,"semi-humid woodland, gallery forest, and bamboo stands in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions from central Brazil, in Bahia, southward to eastern Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina, and northernmost Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734381","rufgna3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufgna3","avibase-2D997B49",null,null,"near Arraial da Conquista, Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1068/mode/1up","Myiagrus lineatus"],["14345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga lineata lineata","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1046",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pernambuco, southern Bahia, Goiás, and Mato Grosso do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE4481BC",null,null,"near Arraial da Conquista, Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1068/mode/1up","Myiagrus lineatus"],["14346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga lineata vulgaris","Ménétries, 1835","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1 p.535, pl. 14, fig. 1 [=m.]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BEC4087",null,null,"near Rio de Janeiro and in State of Minas Gerais.",null,null,"Conopophaga vulgaris"],["14347","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga snethlageae","Berlepsch, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.17-18","Black-breasted Gnateater","Black-breasted Gnateater","Black-breasted Gnateater","2025-0239","Taxon <em>snethlageae </em>(polytypic, including <em>pallida</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Conopophaga aurita</em> (polytypic) based on vocalizations (Whitney 2003, Boesman 2016hh), and divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Batalha-Filho et al. 2014).","tropical rainforest and semi-humid forest in the eastern Amazon basin south of the Amazon River, from its mouth in northeastern Brazil southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660326","chbgna3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbgna3","avibase-83F07C79",null,null,"Tucumare, Rio Jamauchim, Brazil.","Beschreibung neuer Vogelformen aus dem Gebiete des unteren Amazonas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/35/mode/1up","Conopophaga snethlageae"],["14348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga snethlageae snethlageae","Berlepsch, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.17-18",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (lower Rio Tapajós to central Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F44A6CB",null,null,"Tucumare, Rio Jamauchim, Brazil.","Beschreibung neuer Vogelformen aus dem Gebiete des unteren Amazonas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/35/mode/1up","Conopophaga snethlageae"],["14349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga snethlageae pallida","Snethlage, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (central Pará to west bank of Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E528E29",null,null,"Cametá, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/51/mode/1up","Conopophaga snethlageae pallida"],["14350","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga aurita","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.827","Chestnut-belted Gnateater","Chestnut-belted Gnateater","Chestnut-belted Gnateater","2025-0239","Taxon <em>snethlageae </em>(polytypic, including <em>pallida</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Conopophaga aurita</em> (polytypic) based on vocalizations (Whitney 2003, Boesman 2016hh), and divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Batalha-Filho et al. 2014).","tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield and the Amazon basin from the Guianas southward to northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River, westward to the western Amazon in southeastern Colombia, northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil, and southward along the Rio Madeira to south-central Brazil, in Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660322","chbgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbgna1","avibase-2E9D5026",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/328/mode/1up","Turdus auritus"],["14351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga aurita inexpectata","Zimmer, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.500 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and adjacent northwestern Brazil, south and east along the west bank of the Rio Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24BDA395",null,null,"Tabocal, Rio Negro, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 1. New and other Birds from Peru, Ecuador and Brasil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4240/","Conopophaga aurita inexpectata"],["14352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga aurita aurita","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.827",null,null,null,null,null,"Guyana to French Guiana and northern Brazil (Manaus to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07C322A8",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/328/mode/1up","Turdus auritus"],["14353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga aurita occidentalis","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (east of Río Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E645FF8",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/60/mode/1up","Conopophaga aurita occidentalis"],["14354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga aurita australis","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.150-151",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (south to Ucayali) and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7319CDEF",null,null,"Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/176/mode/1up","Conopophaga aurita australis"],["14355","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga peruviana","des Murs, 1856","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.50 pl.16 fig.1","Ash-throated Gnateater","Ash-throated Gnateater","Ash-throated Gnateater",null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703406","astgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astgna1","avibase-82B0FF93",null,null,"Pebas and Nauta, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/220/mode/1up","Conopophaga Peruviana"],["14356","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga ardesiaca","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.13","Slaty Gnateater","Slaty Gnateater","Slaty Gnateater",null,null,"humid montane forest in the eastern Andes of southeastern Peru, from Cusco southward to southern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703409","slagna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slagna1","avibase-3D046D26",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/129/mode/1up","Conopophaga ardesiaca"],["14357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13, pt.II p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (south from Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A79AA721",null,null,"Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/139/mode/1up","Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata"],["14358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga ardesiaca ardesiaca","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) to southern Bolivia (Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99453AE8",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/129/mode/1up","Conopophaga ardesiaca"],["14359","species","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga castaneiceps","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.329 p.47","Chestnut-crowned Gnateater","Chestnut-crowned Gnateater","Chestnut-crowned Gnateater",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Serrania de Baudo and the western Andes of Colombia southward to southern Cauca, north of the Río Patía, and in central and eastern Andes from northern Colombia southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón; also in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón, southward to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703412","chcgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcgna1","avibase-E0994940",null,null,"'Bogotá.","Characters of some apparently New Species of American Ant-Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/59/mode/1up","Conopophaga castaneiceps"],["14360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.641",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (west slope of western Andes and Baudó Mountains in western Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54C3145E",null,null,"Baudo Mts., 3500 feet, Chocó, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis"],["14361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga castaneiceps castaneiceps","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.329 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of Colombia to central Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70A242F5",null,null,"'Bogotá.","Characters of some apparently New Species of American Ant-Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/59/mode/1up","Conopophaga castaneiceps"],["14362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga castaneiceps chapmani","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Ecuador to northern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1071662",null,null,"Río Jelashte, 5000 feet, San Martin, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Conopophaga castaneiceps chapmani"],["14363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Conopophagidae","Gnateaters","Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru (Huánuco to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEBCCC4C",null,null,"La Gloria, Chanchamayo, and Garita del Sol, Vitoc, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/443/mode/1up","Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha"],["14364","family","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilidae",null,null,"Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Typical Antbirds","Typical Antbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"thamno3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thamno3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["14365","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmornis","Hermann, 1783","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.180,210,235",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Formicarius torquatus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Hellmayr <i>in</i> Cory & Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 3, p. 321). = Formicarius torquatus Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/200/mode/1up","Myrmornis"],["14366","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmornis torquata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43","Wing-banded Antbird","Wing-banded Antbird",null,"2025-0827","Taxon <em>stictoptera </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Myrmornis torquata</em> based on available evidence. Vocal differences are small and vary within taxa (Boesman 2016gg) and plumage differences are minor. Modest genomic divergence (Harvey et al. 2020) and an unusual distributional pattern indicate that further research may be warranted.","tropical rainforest from southeastern Honduras, northern and southern Nicaragua, and eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; the northern base of the western and central Andes of Colombia southward to Boyaca in the Magdalena Valley; east of the Andes in southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru, and in the Orinoco basin in eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and southward in the eastern Amazon basin of Brazil to western Maranhão, and between the Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajos to southwestern Brazil, in northern Rondônia",null,null,null,"wibant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wibant1","avibase-913CC0AD",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 700, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Formicarius torquatus"],["14367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmornis torquata stictoptera","(Salvin, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.6 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Nicaragua to far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CC1FD4A",null,null,"Santo Domingo, Nicaragua.","Two new species of birds from Nicaragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/58/mode/1up","Rhopoterpe stictoptera"],["14368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmornis torquata torquata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, northeastern Peru, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8074CD7D",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 700, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Formicarius torquatus"],["14369","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pygiptila","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.360 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thamnophilus maculipennis [Sclater, PL, 1855]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 217).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/288/mode/1up","Pygiptila"],["14370","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pygiptila stellaris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.27, pl.36, f.2","Spot-winged Antshrike","Spot-winged Antshrike","Spot-winged Antshrike",null,null,"higher strata and edge of Amazonian forest from southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador eastward to Suriname, and in the south to northernmost Bolivia and eastward to Mato Grosso and northeastern Pará (Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701349","spwant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwant2","avibase-E57EE0ED",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/41/mode/1up","Thamnophilus stellaris"],["14371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pygiptila stellaris maculipennis","(Sclater, 1855)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 1 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia southward to central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B17ED471",null,null,"Quixos in Cisandean Ecuador and Chamicurros on the Peruvian Amazon' = Peruvian Amazon and restricted to Puerto Indiana, at the junction of the Napo and the Amazon in Peru, by Zimmer, antea, p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131108#page/271/mode/1up","Thamnophilus maculipennis"],["14372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pygiptila stellaris occipitalis","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.558 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, Suriname, and northern Brazil (north of the Amazon River eastward to Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11B417A6",null,null,"right bank of the Río Casiquiare, Venezuela, opposite El Merey.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 7, The genera Pygiptila, Megastictus, Dysithamnus, Thamnomanes, Cercomacra, and Phlegopsis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4133/","Pygiptila stellaris occipitalis"],["14373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pygiptila stellaris purusiana","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and west-central Brazil south of the Amazon River, eastward to the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-793D7EE5",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/181/mode/1up","Pygiptila stellaris purusiana"],["14374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pygiptila stellaris stellaris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.27, pl.36, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (southward to Rondônia, northern Mato Grosso, southern Pará, and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4285B551",null,null,"State of Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/41/mode/1up","Thamnophilus stellaris"],["14375","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes","Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnistes anabatinus [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,"Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/381/mode/1up","Thamnistes"],["14376","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes rufescens","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.65","Rufescent Antshrike","Rufescent Antshrike",null,"2025-0828","Taxa <em>aequatorialis </em>and <em>gularis </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Thamnistes anabatinus</em> pending further research. Both taxa are sometimes placed in a polytypic<em> T. aequatorialis, </em>along with the vocally distinct <em>rufescens</em>. While vocalizations (Isler &amp; Whitney 2017), size, apparent parapatry, and mitochondrial DNA data (Weir 2009) are suggestive of species-level divergence for <em>aequatorialis, </em>genetic data for <em>gularis </em>and <em>rufescens </em>are lacking; further research is needed to determine taxonomic affinities across the entire complex.","eastern Peru south of the Río Marañón (Amazonas) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,"rufant12","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant12","avibase-7882DDB3",null,null,"Monterico, Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/77/mode/1up","Thamnistes rufescens"],["14377","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes anabatinus","Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.299","Russet Antshrike","Russet Antshrike",null,"2025-0828","Taxa <em>aequatorialis </em>and <em>gularis </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Thamnistes anabatinus</em> pending further research. Both taxa are sometimes placed in a polytypic<em> T. aequatorialis, </em>along with the vocally distinct <em>rufescens</em>. While vocalizations (Isler &amp; Whitney 2017), size, apparent parapatry, and mitochondrial DNA data (Weir 2009) are suggestive of species-level divergence for <em>aequatorialis, </em>genetic data for <em>gularis </em>and <em>rufescens </em>are lacking; further research is needed to determine taxonomic affinities across the entire complex.","humid foothill and montane forest from southeastern Mexico southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America and the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama; from northwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Ecuador and along the foothills of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador; also in the eastern Andes from northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela southward to northernmost Peru north of the Río Marañón",null,null,null,"rusant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusant1","avibase-EE472B65",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/381/mode/1up","Thamnistes anabatinus"],["14378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus","Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic slope of southeastern Mexico to Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3DC3097",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/381/mode/1up","Thamnistes anabatinus"],["14379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus","Ridgway, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic slope of Nicaragua to Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1540CFF8",null,null,"Bonilla, 2600 feet, Costa Rica.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/243/mode/1up","Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus"],["14380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama (Veraguas to Darién) and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33B2FEAE",null,null,"Cana, 3500 feet, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/51/mode/1up","Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus"],["14381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.614",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7998930B",null,null,"Barbacoas, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius"],["14382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes anabatinus gularis","Phelps & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.131",null,null,null,"2025-0828","Taxa <em>aequatorialis </em>and <em>gularis </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Thamnistes anabatinus</em> pending further research. Both taxa are sometimes placed in a polytypic<em> T. aequatorialis, </em>along with the vocally distinct <em>rufescens</em>. While vocalizations (Isler &amp; Whitney 2017), size, apparent parapatry, and mitochondrial DNA data (Weir 2009) are suggestive of species-level divergence for <em>aequatorialis, </em>genetic data for <em>gularis </em>and <em>rufescens </em>are lacking; further research is needed to determine taxonomic affinities across the entire complex.","far northwestern Venezuela (Táchira) and (? adjacent northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-338BE5B1",null,null,"Cerro El Tetéo, Burgua, Estado Táchira, Venezuela; 1250 meters","Three new birds from Cerro el Teteo, Venezuela, and extensions of ranges to Venezuela and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/355/mode/1up","Thamnistes anabatinus gularis"],["14383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnistes anabatinus aequatorialis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.380",null,null,null,"2025-0828","Taxa <em>aequatorialis </em>and <em>gularis </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Thamnistes anabatinus</em> pending further research. Both taxa are sometimes placed in a polytypic<em> T. aequatorialis, </em>along with the vocally distinct <em>rufescens</em>. While vocalizations (Isler &amp; Whitney 2017), size, apparent parapatry, and mitochondrial DNA data (Weir 2009) are suggestive of species-level divergence for <em>aequatorialis, </em>genetic data for <em>gularis </em>and <em>rufescens </em>are lacking; further research is needed to determine taxonomic affinities across the entire complex.","foothills of southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-663577EC",null,null,"Nanegal and Río Napo = Río Napo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/476/mode/1up","Thamnistes aequatorialis"],["14384","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis","Bravo, Remsen, Whitney & Brumfield, 2012","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65 289",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Formicivora callinota [Sclater, PL, 1855]; type by original designation",null,"DNA sequence data reveal a subfamily-level divergence within Thamnophilidae (Aves: Passeriformes).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228114556","Euchrepomis"],["14385","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis sharpei","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.97","Yellow-rumped Antwren","Yellow-rumped Antwren","Yellow-rumped Antwren",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco, Puno) and western Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701656","yerant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yerant1","avibase-3798B758",null,null,"Quebrada onda [= Honda], eastern Yungas, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/107/mode/1up","Terenura sharpei"],["14386","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis callinota","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.89 pl.96","Rufous-rumped Antwren","Rufous-rumped Antwren","Rufous-rumped Antwren",null,null,"humid montane forest in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, easternmost Panama and adjacent Colombia, locally in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes of western Venezuela southward along the western and central Andes of Colombia to southern Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes from Colombia southward to south-central Peru, and in montane regions of the southern Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701650","rurant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rurant1","avibase-3F65C962",null,null,"Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/871/mode/1up","Formicivora callinota"],["14387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis callinota callinota","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.89 pl.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CF2B1E6",null,null,"Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/871/mode/1up","Formicivora callinota"],["14388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis callinota peruviana","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1945)","Notulae Naturae no.153 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (San Martín to Junín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FACDA658",null,null,"Río Jelashte, San Martin, Peru.","Notes on Colombian Antbirds, Ovenbirds and Woodhewers, with the description of a new form from Peru.",null,"Terenura callinota peruviana"],["14389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis callinota venezuelana","(Phelps & Phelps, 1954)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá), Mérida, and Barinas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE971CB2",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Notes on Venezuelan birds and descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796#page/129/mode/1up","Terenura callinota venezuelana"],["14390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis callinota guianensis","(Blake, 1949)","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guyana (Acari Mountains) and adjacent central Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23E5AC39",null,null,"Boundary Camp, head of Itabu Creek, 2000 feet, Acari Mts., British Guiana.","A new Ant-Thrush from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21231#page/7/mode/1up","Terenura callinota guianensis"],["14391","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis humeralis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.159","Chestnut-shouldered Antwren","Chestnut-shouldered Antwren","Chestnut-shouldered Antwren",null,null,"eastern Ecuador to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701653","chsant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chsant1","avibase-7B8015E4",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador. Col. pl., Ibis, 1881, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/223/mode/1up","Terenura humeralis"],["14392","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis spodioptila","(Sclater & Salvin, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.18 p.270 pl.9 fig.1","Ash-winged Antwren","Ash-winged Antwren","Ash-winged Antwren",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield and Orinoco basin in eastern and southern Venezuela, the Guianas and easternmost Colombia southward in the eastern Amazon basin of Brazil to the lower Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajos, in western Pará and eastern Amazonas; also in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701659","aswant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aswant1","avibase-CFD24BEE",null,null,"Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","Descriptions of some new Species of South-American Birds of the families Tyrannidae and Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/316/mode/1up","Terenura spodioptila"],["14393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis spodioptila signata","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.584 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil (upper Rio Negro region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-577A4868",null,null,"Mt. Curicuriari, 2000 feet, right bank of the Rio Negro, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 8, The formicarian genera Cymbilaimus, Thamnistes, Terenura, Percnostola, Formicarius, Chamaeza, and Rhegmatorhina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4181/","Terenura spodioptila signata"],["14394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis spodioptila spodioptila","(Sclater & Salvin, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.18 p.270 pl.9 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65D2C191",null,null,"Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","Descriptions of some new Species of South-American Birds of the families Tyrannidae and Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/316/mode/1up","Terenura spodioptila"],["14395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Euchrepomis spodioptila meridionalis","(Snethlage, 1925)","Journal für Ornithologie 73, no.2 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Madeira to lower Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0062A972",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Brasilen.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01906331","Terenura elaeopteryx meridionalis"],["14396","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmorchilus","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiothera strigilata [zu Wied, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/93/mode/1up","Myrmorchilus"],["14397","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmorchilus strigilatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1064","Stripe-backed Antbird","Stripe-backed Antbird","Stripe-backed Antbird",null,null,"deciduous to semi-humid woodland and scrub in the Caatinga and Cerrado regions of northeastern Brazil southward to northern Minas Gerais, and in the Chaco region of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and adjacent Brazil southward to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701546","stbant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbant2","avibase-0DEDC45C",null,null,"Province of Baia [=Bahia], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1086/mode/1up","Myiothera strigilata"],["14398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmorchilus strigilatus strigilatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1064",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Piauí, Ceará, and Pernambuco to northern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-166AE59D",null,null,"Province of Baia [=Bahia], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1086/mode/1up","Myiothera strigilata"],["14399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmorchilus strigilatus suspicax","Wetmore, 1922","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 12 , no.14 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to western Brazil (western Mato Grosso), western Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BECF148",null,null,"Riacho Pilaga, near kilometer 182, F. C. del Estado, Formosa, Argentina.","New forms of Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27999#page/333/mode/1up","Myrmorchilus strigilatus suspicax"],["14400","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.182",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnophilus quixensis [Cornalia, 1849]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 248).  ",null,null,null,"Microrhopias"],["14401","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis","(Cornalia, 1849)","Vertebratorum synopsis in Museo Mediolanense extantium quæ per Novam Orbem Cajetanus Osculati collegit (etc.) p.6,12","Dot-winged Antwren","Dot-winged Antwren","Dot-winged Antwren",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and woodland from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico, southward through Central America to northwestern Colombia; in the Pacific lowlands southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and eastward in the Amazon basin of Brazil, mostly south of the Amazon River, to central Pará west of the Rio Xingu; in northeastern Brazili also north of the Amazon River in Amapá, the Guianas, and northern Roraima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701589","dowant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dowant1","avibase-49D57DF3",null,null,"Río Quixos [Quijos] eastern Ecuador",null,null,"Thamnophilus quixensis"],["14402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis boucardi","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico to Belize, eastern Guatemala, and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EB6DBDA",null,null,"Acatepec, Oaxaca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/384/mode/1up","Formicivora boucardi"],["14403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis virgatus","(Lawrence, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras and eastern Nicaragua to Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6D7549D",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama = Lion Hill, Canal Zone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/208/mode/1up","Formicivora virgata"],["14404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis consobrina","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E220767",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/361/mode/1up","Formicivora consobrina"],["14405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis quixensis","(Cornalia, 1849)","Vertebratorum synopsis in Museo Mediolanense extantium quæ per Novam Orbem Cajetanus Osculati collegit (etc.) p.6,12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01AC6248",null,null,"Río Quixos [Quijos] eastern Ecuador",null,null,"Thamnophilus quixensis"],["14406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis intercedens","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.538 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of central Peru and southwestern Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1E63FC7",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 5, The genera Herpsilochmus, Microrhopias, Formicivora, Hypocnemis, Hypocnemoides, and Myrmochanes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4260/","Microrhopias quixensis intercedens"],["14407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis nigriventris","Carriker, 1930","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 82 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru (San Martín to northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B00E25D",null,null,"Puerto Yessup, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064083","Microrhopias quixensis nigriventris"],["14408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis albicauda","Carriker, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Puno) and adjacent northern Bolivia (Pando)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E3089D3",null,null,"La Pampa, Sandia, Puno, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064115","Microrhopias quixensis albicauda"],["14409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis microstictus","(Berlepsch, 1908)","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (northern Roraima, far northeastern Pará, and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11C4C498",null,null,"Approuague, French Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/173/mode/1up","Formicivora consobrina microsticta"],["14410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis bicolor","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.84,156",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Madeira eastward to Rio Tapajós and Rio Teles Pires, southward to Rondônia and northern and western Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8314C1AB",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Destacamento do Ribeirao, Salto do Girao, and Borba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/166/mode/1up","Formicivora bicolor"],["14411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Microrhopias quixensis emiliae","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.2 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins, northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65A24560",null,null,"Alta Mira, Rio Xingu, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4603/","Microrhopias emiliae"],["14412","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Aprositornis","Isler, Bravo & Brumfield, 2013","Zootaxa 3717.4 (2013) 469-497.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myrmeciza disjuncta [Friedmann, 1945]; type by original designation",null,"Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260762766","Aprositornis"],["14413","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Aprositornis disjuncta","(Friedmann, 1945)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58 p.83","Yapacana Antbird","Yapacana Antbird","Yapacana Antbird",null,null,"locally in eastern Colombia, southwestern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil (Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701820","yapant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yapant1","avibase-78E30C13",null,null,"Cerro Yapacana, upper Orinoco, Venezuela.","A new Ant-thrush from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/121/mode/1up","Myrmeciza disjuncta"],["14414","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Ammonastes","Bravo, Isler & Brumfield, 2013","Zootaxa 3717.4 (2013) 469-497.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myrmeciza pelzelni [Sclater, PL, 1890]; type by original designation",null,"Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260762766","Ammonastes"],["14415","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Ammonastes pelzelni","(Sclater, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15 p.283","Grey-bellied Antbird","Gray-bellied Antbird","Grey-bellied Antbird",null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and far northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701823","gybant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybant1","avibase-6688FCFD",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34360#page/305/mode/1up","Myrmeciza pelzelni"],["14416","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmophylax","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Formicarius atrothorax [Boddaert, 1783]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/198/mode/1up","Myrmophylax"],["14417","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmophylax atrothorax","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44","Black-throated Antbird","Black-throated Antbird","Black-throated Antbird",null,null,"riparian thickets, varzea forest, stunted savanna woodland, swampy thickets, and forest borders in the Orinoco and Amazon basins, and the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to central Bolivia and south-central Brazil in southern Mato Grosso and adjacent Goiás",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701851","bltant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltant2","avibase-6877831A",null,null,"Cayenne, based on Daubenton, pl. 701, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Formicarius attothorax"],["14418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmophylax atrothorax metae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1947)","Notulae Naturae 186 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (Meta and western Guaviare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9B454AE",null,null,"Quenane, Llanos de Meta, Colombia.","On the genera Automolus (Furnariidae) and Myrmeciza (Formicariidae) in Colombia.",null,"Myrmeciza atrothorax metae"],["14419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmophylax atrothorax atrothorax","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil (both banks of upper Amazon River and east of lower Rio Negro, eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4E48BE0",null,null,"Cayenne, based on Daubenton, pl. 701, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Formicarius attothorax"],["14420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmophylax atrothorax tenebrosa","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.545 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador north of the Amazon River, northeastern Peru, and northern Brazil (west of lower Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA4E6FE1",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, Río Amazonas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 6. The Formicarian genera Myrmoborus and Myrmeciza in Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4198/","Myrmeciza atrothorax tenebrosa"],["14421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmophylax atrothorax maynana","(Taczanowski, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Peru (south of Río Marañón and west of Río Huallaga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8890B9F",null,null,"Yurimaguas, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/68/mode/1up","Myrmeciza maynana"],["14422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmophylax atrothorax melanura","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1, no.5 p.508, pl. 8, fig. 1, 2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru south of the Amazon River to northern Bolivia and western and central Brazil (upper regions of tributaries of the Amazon River and along lower Rio Tapajós, and eastward to southern Pará and south-central Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56CB1AAD",null,null,"Minas Gerais in the mountains not far from the town of Queluz [error], and vicinity of Cuyabá, Mato Grosso; the types are from Cuiabd, fide Hellmayr.",null,null,"Formicivora melanura"],["14423","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Neoctantes","Sclater, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xenops niger [von Pelzeln, 1859]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/686/mode/1up","Neoctantes"],["14424","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Neoctantes niger","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.111","Black Bushbird","Black Bushbird","Black Bushbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to western Amazonian Brazil, eastern Ecuador, and southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701355","blabus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabus1","avibase-65C3F16E",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/127/mode/1up","Xenops niger"],["14425","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Clytoctantes","Elliot, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.242 pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Clytoctantes alixii [Elliot, 1870]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/302/mode/1up","Clytoctantes"],["14426","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Clytoctantes alixii","Elliot, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.242 pl.20","Recurve-billed Bushbird","Recurve-billed Bushbird","Recurve-billed Bushbird",null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701358","rebbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebbus1","avibase-D9F447A1",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador","Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Birds belonging to the Families Formicariidae, Pachycephalidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/302/mode/1up","Clytoctantes alixii"],["14427","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Clytoctantes atrogularis","Lanyon, Stotz & Willard, 1991","Wilson Bulletin 102, no.4 p.571-580,front.","Rondonia Bushbird","Rondonia Bushbird","Rondonia Bushbird",null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil, in Rondônia, southern Amazonas, and northern Mato Grosso",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701364","ronbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ronbus1","avibase-71F8C8D9",null,null,"Cachoeira Nazare on the west bank of the Rio Jiparaná, Rondônia, Brazil 9°44'S, 61°53'W, elevation 100 m","Clytoctantes atrogularis, a new species of antbird from western Brazil.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol102/iss4/4/","Clytoctantes atrogularis"],["14428","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla","Isler & Brumfield, 2006","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 119 p.522,523",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Formicivora haematonota [Sclater, PL, 1857]; type by original designation",null,"Epinecrophylla, a new genus of antwrens (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232664091","Epinecrophylla"],["14429","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla fulviventris","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.468","Checker-throated Stipplethroat","Checker-throated Stipplethroat","Checker-throated Stipplethroat",null,null,"Honduras to Colombia (lower Cauca Valley) and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701469","chtant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtant1","avibase-CB6DE0FA",null,null,"line of Panama Railroad, type from Lion Hill, Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/500/mode/1up","Myrmetherula fulviventris"],["14430","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla ornata","(Sclater, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.480","Ornate Stipplethroat","Ornate Stipplethroat",null,"2025-0814","Taxon <em>hoffmannsi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Epinecrophylla ornata</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a separate species, mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Johnson et al. 2021) indicate that splitting <em>hoffmannsi </em>would create a paraphyletic<em> E. ornata</em>. Furthermore, while vocalizations of <em>hoffmannsi </em>are distinctive (Boesman 2016cc), they are incompletely differentiated from other subspecies. A comprehensive study of vocal, genetic, and morphological data is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","tropical rainforest and foothill forest in the western Amazon basin from eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and southeastern Ecuador; and in the southern Amazon basin from central-eastern Peru southward to central Bolivia and eastward in Brazil, south of the Amazon River, to the west bank of the Rio Tocantins, in northeastern Pará",null,null,null,"ornant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ornant1","avibase-643037FC",null,null,"Nova Granada i.e. Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/520/mode/1up","Formicivora ornata"],["14431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla ornata ornata","(Sclater, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills of central Colombia (western Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82EF1098",null,null,"Nova Granada i.e. Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/520/mode/1up","Formicivora ornata"],["14432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla ornata saturata","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia (eastern Nariño, eastern Cauca, Putumayo), eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru (north of Río Marañón and west of Río Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D539E76",null,null,"upper Río Suno, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Myrmopagis ornata saturata"],["14433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla ornata atrogularis","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Peru (San Martín southward to Ayacucho, Cusco, and far southwestern Amazonian Brazil (far southwestern Amazonas and western Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3125169",null,null,"Amable Maria, 2000 feet, Chanchamayo Valley (male), and Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho (female), Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/205/mode/1up","Myrmotherula atrogularis"],["14434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla ornata meridionalis","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.524 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios and Puno), adjacent Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A01DEB0",null,null,"Río Tavara, 1600 feet, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 4, The genus Myrmotherula in Peru, with notes on extralimital forms. Part 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4106/","Myrmotherula ornata meridionalis"],["14435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla ornata hoffmannsi","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil east of Rio Madeira in eastern Rondônia, western and northern Mato Grosso, and Pará west of Rio Tocantins",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2D009EC",null,null,"Itataituba, near Santarem, Brazil.","Exhibition of seven new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/110/mode/1up","Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi"],["14436","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla erythrura","(Sclater, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15 p.236 pl.15","Rufous-tailed Stipplethroat","Rufous-tailed Stipplethroat","Rufous-tailed Stipplethroat",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia and northwestern Brazil southward to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701494","rutant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutant3","avibase-A682D4FB",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34360#page/258/mode/1up","Myrmotherula erythrura"],["14437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla erythrura erythrura","(Sclater, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15 p.236 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and far northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E7CCE93",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34360#page/258/mode/1up","Myrmotherula erythrura"],["14438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla erythrura septentrionalis","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.524 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Loreto to Puno) and west-central Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CDF0D3A",null,null,"Santa Rosa, upper Río Ucayali, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 4, The genus Myrmotherula in Peru, with notes on extralimital forms. Part 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4106/","Myrmotherula erythrura septentrionalis"],["14439","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla leucophthalma","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.83,155","White-eyed Stipplethroat","White-eyed Stipplethroat","White-eyed Stipplethroat",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the lower Río Morona basin in northeastern Peru and from central-eastern Peru southward to northwestern and northeastern Bolivia, and eastward across the Amazon of Brazil to northeastern Pará, west of the Rio Tocantins and south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701474","wheant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wheant1","avibase-C87901AC",null,null,"Salto do Girao [Rio Madeira], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/165/mode/1up","Formicivora leucophthalma"],["14440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla leucophthalma dissita","(Bond, 1950)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 102 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) and adjacent northern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C55FEFE3",null,null,"Chiniri, 1100 feet, Río Kaka, La Paz, Bolivia.","Notes on Peruvian Formicariidae.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064401","Myrmotherula leucophthalma dissita"],["14441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla leucophthalma leucophthalma","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.83,155",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru, western Brazil south of the Amazon River, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64C834C3",null,null,"Salto do Girao [Rio Madeira], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/165/mode/1up","Formicivora leucophthalma"],["14442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla leucophthalma phaeonota","(Todd, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Madeira to lower Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E224BBE2",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/183/mode/1up","Myrmotherula haematonota phaeonota"],["14443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla leucophthalma sordida","(Todd, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós eastward to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CA47C89",null,null,"Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/182/mode/1up","Myrmotherula leucophthalma sordida"],["14444","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla gutturalis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.18 p.269","Brown-bellied Stipplethroat","Brown-bellied Stipplethroat","Brown-bellied Stipplethroat",null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701466","brbant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbant2","avibase-4D816F31",null,null,"Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","Descriptions of some new Species of South-American Birds of the families Tyrannidae and Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/315/mode/1up","Myrmotherula gutturalis"],["14445","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla haematonota","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.329 p.48","Rufous-backed Stipplethroat","Rufous-backed Stipplethroat","Rufous-backed Stipplethroat",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to the Rio Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657355","rubsti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsti1","avibase-BF22DBB9",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Characters of some apparently New Species of American Ant-Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/60/mode/1up","Formicivora haematonota"],["14446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla haematonota haematonota","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.329 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru, south of the Amazon River and west of the Río Napo (southward at least to Ucayali), and western Brazil south of the Amazon River (western Amazonas and Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C26F660",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Characters of some apparently New Species of American Ant-Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/60/mode/1up","Formicivora haematonota"],["14447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla haematonota pyrrhonota","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.72,160",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Peru (north of the Amazon River and east of the Río Napo), and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF26BAEC",null,null,"Interior of Guiana; Rio Negro; Oyapock; type from Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/172/mode/1up","Myrmotherula pyrrhonota"],["14448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla haematonota fjeldsaai","(Krabbe, Isler, Isler et al., 1999)","Wilson Bulletin 111, no.2 p.157-165,front.",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador and far north-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEC9631F",null,null,"near Río Tiputini, 37 road km south-southwest of Pompeya, Provincia de Napo, Ecuador; 0 38' S, 76 26' W, altitude 275 m","A NEW SPECIES IN THE MYRMOTHERULA HAEMATONOTA SUPERSPECIES (AVES; THAMNOPHILIDAE) FROM THE WESTERN AMAZONIAN LOWLANDS OF ECUADOR AND PERU","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol111/iss2/3/","Myrmotherula fjeldsaai"],["14449","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla spodionota","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.159","Foothill Stipplethroat","Foothill Stipplethroat","Foothill Stipplethroat",null,null,"humid foothill forest in the base of the eastern Andes from southeastern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701484","fooant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fooant1","avibase-A186C9C6",null,null,"Sarayacu [Río Bobonaza], Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/223/mode/1up","Myrmotherula spodionota"],["14450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla spodionota spodionota","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Colombia southward to northern Peru (northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D5BB9DB",null,null,"Sarayacu [Río Bobonaza], Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/223/mode/1up","Myrmotherula spodionota"],["14451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla spodionota sororia","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón from San Martín to Madre de Dios)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E35CE25",null,null,"La Gloria and La Merced [Junín], Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/428/mode/1up","Myrmotherula sororia"],["14452","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla amazonica","(Ihering, 1905)","Revista do Museu Paulista 6[\"1904\"], pt2 p.440","Rio Madeira Stipplethroat","Rio Madeira Stipplethroat","Rio Madeira Stipplethroat",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin of western Brazil, from eastern Amazonas, south of the Amazon River, southward to southwestern Brazil, northern Bolivia, and southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657368","madant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madant1","avibase-88FBA009",null,null,"Rio Juruá, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41887#page/448/mode/1up","Myrmotherula pyrrhonota amazonica"],["14453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla amazonica amazonica","(Ihering, 1905)","Revista do Museu Paulista 6[\"1904\"], pt2 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios), northern Bolivia, and central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Purus and Rio Madeira drainages)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AABA49B9",null,null,"Rio Juruá, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41887#page/448/mode/1up","Myrmotherula pyrrhonota amazonica"],["14454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Epinecrophylla amazonica dentei","Whitney, Isler, Bravo et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.263-267",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rio Madeira/Rio Ji-Paraná and the Rio Aripuanã",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-917FB969",null,null,"Brazil: Amazonas; left bank of the Rio Roosevelt in the municipality of Novo Aripuanã at \"Esperança trail\" (08°29'00\"S/60°59'22\"W); elevation about 110 m","A new species of Epinecrophylla antwren from the Aripuanã-Machado interfluvium in central Amazonian Brazil with revision of the \"stipple-throated antwren\" complex","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/263-267_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Epinecrophylla dentei"],["14455","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Terenura","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiothera maculata [zu Wied, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/19/mode/1up","Terenura"],["14456","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Terenura maculata","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1088","Streak-capped Antwren","Streak-capped Antwren","Streak-capped Antwren",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701643","stcant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcant3","avibase-0EA5831A",null,null,"no locality; southeastern Brazil; Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 201.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1110/mode/1up","Myiothera maculata"],["14457","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Terenura sicki","Teixeira & Gonzaga, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103 p.133 [133-135]","Orange-bellied Antwren","Orange-bellied Antwren","Orange-bellied Antwren",null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern Alagoas and eastern Pernambuco)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701646","orbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbant1","avibase-DC0B8364",null,null,"Sierra Blanca, 9°15'S, 35°50'W, Murici, Alagoas, Noreste del Brasil.","A new antwren from northeastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/153/mode/1up","Terenura sicki"],["14458","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmochanes","Allen, 1889","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.7 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myrmochanes hypoleucus [J.A. Allen, 1889]; type by original designation = Hypocnemis hemileuca P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1866  ",null,"List of the birds collected in Bolivia by Dr. H. H. Rusby, with field notes by the collector.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1649","Myrmochanes"],["14459","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmochanes hemileucus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.186","Black-and-white Antbird","Black-and-white Antbird","Black-and-white Antbird",null,null,"islands in the Amazon River (northeastern Ecuador to northern Bolivia and western Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701743","bawant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawant1","avibase-A1CB6912",null,null,"lower Ucayali, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/244/mode/1up","Hypocnemis hemileuca"],["14460","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.361 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa pygmaea [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 229). = Muscicapa brachyura Hermann, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/312/mode/1up","Myrmotherula"],["14461","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula cherriei","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.72","Cherrie's Antwren","Cherrie's Antwren","Cherrie's Antwren",null,null,"southeastern Colombia, southwestern Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701451","cheant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cheant1","avibase-4B4619CD",null,null,"Perico, upper Orinoco River, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/92/mode/1up","Myrmotherula cherriei"],["14462","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula multostriata","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.361 p.234 fig.2,3","Amazonian Streaked Antwren","Amazonian Streaked-Antwren","Amazonian Streaked Antwren",null,null,"eastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733159","amasta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amasta1","avibase-EA002FFA",null,null,"Río Ucayali.","Synopsis of the American Ant-birds (Formicariidae). Part II. containing the Formicivorinae or Ant-Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/312/mode/1up","Myrmotherula multostriata"],["14463","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula pacifica","Hellmayr, 1911","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1911, pt.4 p.1159,1161","Pacific Antwren","Pacific Antwren","Pacific Antwren",null,null,"Panama (Veraguas) to coastal Pacific Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729067","pacant","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacant","avibase-9E1460BD",null,null,"Buenaventura, Chocó, western Colombia.","A Contribution to the Ornithology of Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98513#page/771/mode/1up","Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica"],["14464","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula surinamensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.442","Guianan Streaked Antwren","Guianan Streaked-Antwren","Guianan Streaked Antwren",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701445","guista1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guista1","avibase-C6635857",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/454/mode/1up","Sitta surinamensis"],["14465","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula klagesi","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.155","Klages's Antwren","Klages's Antwren","Klages's Antwren",null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701439","klaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/klaant1","avibase-BAD49093",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/181/mode/1up","Myrmotherula klagesi"],["14466","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longicauda","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.394","Stripe-chested Antwren","Stripe-chested Antwren","Stripe-chested Antwren",null,null,"humid foothill forest and edges at the base of the eastern Andes from southeastern Colombia southward to western Bolivia, and isolated in the Río Samiria basin of northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701454","stcant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcant4","avibase-61451A0A",null,null,"Chontabamba, La Merced, and La Gloria, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/426/mode/1up","Myrmotherula longicauda"],["14467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longicauda soderstromi","Gyldenstolpe, 1930","Arkiv för Zoologi 21A, no.26 p.5,6,36",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador (Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91BCB504",null,null,"near Río Napo, eastern Ecuador.","Notes on Ant-Wrens allied to Myrmotherula surinamensis Gmelin, together with descriptions of two new forms.",null,"Myrmotherula australis söderströmi"],["14468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longicauda pseudoaustralis","Gyldenstolpe, 1930","Arkiv för Zoologi 21A, no.26 p.5,6,28",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (south to Pasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCDE9788",null,null,"Moyobamba, northeastern Peru.","Notes on Ant-Wrens allied to Myrmotherula surinamensis Gmelin, together with descriptions of two new forms.",null,"Myrmotherula longicauda pseudoaustralis"],["14469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-348D6546",null,null,"Chontabamba, La Merced, and La Gloria, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/426/mode/1up","Myrmotherula longicauda"],["14470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longicauda australis","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Puno) to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4957E0B3",null,null,"Río Inambari, 70° 15' W., 13° 55' S., 2200 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Myrmotherula multostriata australis"],["14471","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula sclateri","Snethlage, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.153","Sclater's Antwren","Sclater's Antwren","Sclater's Antwren",null,null,"eastern Peru south of the Amazon River, northern Bolivia, and southern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701436","sclant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sclant1","avibase-A5AC7DC8",null,null,"Boim, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/171/mode/1up","Myrmotherula sclateri"],["14472","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula ambigua","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.523 p.5","Yellow-throated Antwren","Yellow-throated Antwren","Yellow-throated Antwren",null,null,"far eastern Colombia, southwestern Venezuela, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701442","yetant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetant1","avibase-662DB38F",null,null,"Playa del Río Base, 550 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 3, The genus Myrmotherula in Peru, with notes on extralimital forms. Part 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3991/","Myrmotherula ambigua"],["14473","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula brachyura","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.229","Pygmy Antwren","Pygmy Antwren","Pygmy Antwren",null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733626","pygant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygant1","avibase-64B34CDD",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/249/mode/1up","Muscic[apae] brachyurae"],["14474","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula ignota","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.167","Moustached Antwren","Moustached Antwren","Moustached Antwren",null,null,"tropical rainforest from central Panama and northwestern Colombia southward along the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Ecuador and southward in interior Colombia to the middle Magdalena Valley; also in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia and northwestern Brazil southward to northeastern Peru, southward to Ucayali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731673","mouant","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouant","avibase-20E51271",null,null,"Jesusito, eastern Panama.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/253/mode/1up","Myrmotherula brachyura ignota"],["14475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula ignota ignota","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E718AD52",null,null,"Jesusito, eastern Panama.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/253/mode/1up","Myrmotherula brachyura ignota"],["14476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula ignota obscura","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.523 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6451FC5C",null,null,"mouth of Río Curaray, eastern Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 3, The genus Myrmotherula in Peru, with notes on extralimital forms. Part 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3991/","Myrmotherula obscura"],["14477","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula assimilis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.81,152","Leaden Antwren","Leaden Antwren","Leaden Antwren",null,null,"river islands, wooded oxbow lakes, and forest streams in the Amazon River and large tributaries from the Río Napo in northeastern Peru eastward to the eastern Amazon River at the mouth of the Rio Trombetas and Rio Tapajos, and southward to southwestern Brazil and northern Bolivia, along the Rio Madeira and tributaries",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701540","leaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leaant1","avibase-A5BD6149",null,null,"Borba; Pojares, Rio Negro; and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro types from Rio Amajau, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 165.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/162/mode/1up","Myrmotherula assimilis"],["14478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula assimilis assimilis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.81,152",null,null,null,null,null,"river islands and river edge of western Amazonia: Amazon River of Peru (east from the lower Río Marañón), Amazonian Brazil (Amazon River eastward to the Amazonas-Pará border, also the Rio Madeira and the lower portions of Rio Negro, Rio Juruá, and Rio Purus), and northern Bolivia (lower Río Beni and Río Guaporé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2098FAF9",null,null,"Borba; Pojares, Rio Negro; and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro types from Rio Amajau, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 165.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/162/mode/1up","Myrmotherula assimilis"],["14479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula assimilis transamazonica","Gyldenstolpe, 1951","Arkiv för Zoologi 2, 1 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil, along the Amazon River in far western Pará (east to the mouth of the Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07B13A2B",null,null,"Urucurituba, Rio Amazon (opposite Santarém), State of Pará, Brazil","The ornithology of the Rio Purus region in Western Brazil.",null,"Myrmotherula assimilis [not axillaris] transamazonica"],["14480","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula menetriesii","(d'Orbigny, 1838)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 30, Oiseaux p.184","Grey Antwren","Gray Antwren","Grey Antwren",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco basin and the Guiana Shield from southern and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to south-central Brazil and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701536","gryant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryant1","avibase-3DD03F2C",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/200/mode/1up","Myrmothera Menetriesii"],["14481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula menetriesii pallida","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil (Roraima and Amazonas north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C221E0B6",null,null,"Nericagua, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/94/mode/1up","Myrmotherula cinereiventris pallida"],["14482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula menetriesii cinereiventris","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.750,756",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (Amapá and northern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C2DD9A9",null,null,"Cayenne and Surinam; the type is from Cayenne.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/162/mode/1up","Myrmotherula cinereiventris"],["14483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii","(d'Orbigny, 1838)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 30, Oiseaux p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru south of the Amazon River to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26A36C0F",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/200/mode/1up","Myrmothera Menetriesii"],["14484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi","Hellmayr, 1903","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós) and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF5221F7",null,null,"Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/219/mode/1up","Myrmotherula berlepschi"],["14485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula menetriesii omissa","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Rio Tapajós to western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F29F828",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/184/mode/1up","Myrmotherula menetriesii omissa"],["14486","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula axillaris","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.113","White-flanked Antwren","White-flanked Antwren",null,"2025-0818","Taxon <em>luctuosa </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Myrmotherula axillaris</em> based on available evidence. Although vocally distinct, genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that splitting <em>luctuosa </em>would render <em>M. axillaris</em> as paraphyletic. As multiple species may be present in this complex, an integrated review of vocalizations, morphology, and genetics is needed to determine species limits.","humid forest from northeastern Honduras southward to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in interior Colombia to the middle Magdalena Valley and southward on Pacific lowlands to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes from Trinidad, eastern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to south-central Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso, and to northern and central Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil southward to southern Rio de Janeiro",null,null,null,"whfant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfant2","avibase-76C308FC",null,null,"Guiana, i.e. Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/125/mode/1up","Myrmothera axillaris"],["14487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula axillaris albigula","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8[\"1867\"] p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope from southeastern Honduras southward to western Colombia, and Pacific slope from central Panama (Panamá) southward to Ecuador (Manabí, northwestern Azuay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97D493A0",null,null,"line of Panama Railroad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/151/mode/1up","Myrmotherula albigula"],["14488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula axillaris melaena","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Colombia east of Andes, western Venezuela (Andean slopes eastward to Mérida and Barinas, northwestern Bolívar, western Amazonas), northwestern Brazil (upper Rio Negro southward to northern bank of Amazon), eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru (to Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BD73903",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/142/mode/1up","Formicivora melaena"],["14489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula axillaris heterozyga","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.524 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Ucayali to Madre de Dios) and southwestern Amazonian Brazil (west of Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD70CA1C",null,null,"Santa Rosa, upper Río Ucayali, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 4, The genus Myrmotherula in Peru, with notes on extralimital forms. Part 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4106/","Myrmotherula axillaris heterozyga"],["14490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (eastern Apure, Monagas, Delta Amacuro, and south of Río Orinoco east of Río Caura), Trinidad, the Guianas, eastern Amazonian Brazil (from both banks of lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá and, south of Amazon, east of Rio Madeira to Maranhão and southward to Tocantins and Mato Grosso) and northeastern Bolivia (northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B036407",null,null,"Guiana, i.e. Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/125/mode/1up","Myrmothera axillaris"],["14491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula axillaris fresnayana","(d'Orbigny, 1836)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr.15, Oiseaux pl.6, fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Peru (northern Puno) and northwestern and central Bolivia (west of Río Mamoré, and along base of Andes eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78A0D4B5",null,null,"Country of the Yuracares Indians, Cochabamba, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/63/mode/1up","Tamnophilus Fresnayana"],["14492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.82,153",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Paraíba to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F859ED88",null,null,"Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/163/mode/1up","Myrmotherula luctuosa"],["14493","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula urosticta","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.130 pl.126 fig.1","Band-tailed Antwren","Band-tailed Antwren","Band-tailed Antwren",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (central Bahia to northern Rio de Janeiro)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701533","batant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batant3","avibase-7C4DDF9C",null,null,"Eastern Brazil.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/142/mode/1up","Formicivora urosticta"],["14494","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longipennis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.82,153","Long-winged Antwren","Long-winged Antwren","Long-winged Antwren",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco basin and the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to south-central Brazil, in central Mato Grosso and to southwestern Brazil and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701511","lowant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lowant1","avibase-C80BFFF7",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/163/mode/1up","Myrmotherula longipennis"],["14495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longipennis longipennis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.82,153",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia eastward to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil, and southward through northeastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru east of the Napo River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FE771B0",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/163/mode/1up","Myrmotherula longipennis"],["14496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longipennis zimmeri","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"north of the Amazon River in eastern Ecuador (west and south of the Napo River) and northeastern Peru (west of the Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42598298",null,null,"upper Río Suno, tropical zone, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of one new genus and of species of birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Myrmotherula longipennis zimmeri"],["14497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longipennis garbei","Ihering, 1905","Revista do Museu Paulista 6[\"1904\"], pt2 p.441 pl.15 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón), southwestern Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Madeira), and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CF392F6",null,null,"Rio Juruá, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41887#page/449/mode/1up","Myrmotherula garbei"],["14498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longipennis transitiva","Hellmayr, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil (Rondônia and southwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39949C1E",null,null,"Maroins, Rio Machados [or Gi-Paraná], Brazil.","On Heterogynism in Formicarian Birds.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917232","Myrmotherula longipennis transitiva"],["14499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longipennis ochrogyna","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (lower Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69AE567F",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/183/mode/1up","Myrmotherula ochrogyna"],["14500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula longipennis paraensis","(Todd, 1920)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to western Maranhão and Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11A37B02",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/97/mode/1up","Myrmopagis paraensis"],["14501","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula minor","Salvadori, 1864","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 7 p.157","Salvadori's Antwren","Salvadori's Antwren","Salvadori's Antwren",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia to far northeastern Santa Catarina)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701514","salant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salant1","avibase-5CCA0332",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40865#page/471/mode/1up","Myrmotherula minor"],["14502","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula sunensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.8","Rio Suno Antwren","Rio Suno Antwren","Rio Suno Antwren",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from the Macarena mountains in eastern Colombia southward patchily across eastern Ecuador to central-eastern Peru and western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701508","risant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/risant1","avibase-69BFD823",null,null,"Río Suno, tropical zone, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of one new genus and of species of birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Myrmotherula sunensis"],["14503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula sunensis sunensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of south-central Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6BE593D",null,null,"Río Suno, tropical zone, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of one new genus and of species of birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Myrmotherula sunensis"],["14504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula sunensis yessupi","Bond, 1950","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 102 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Peru (Huánuco and Pasco) and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52DBE648",null,null,"Puerto Yessup, Junín, Peru.","Notes on Peruvian Formicariidae.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064401","Myrmotherula sunensis yessupi"],["14505","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula schisticolor","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.172","Slaty Antwren","Slaty Antwren","Slaty Antwren",null,null,"humid foothill and montane cloudforest from far southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) southward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to Paria Peninsula, and in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southwestern Ecuador; in western Ecuador downward to the lowlands; also along the eastern Andes southward to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701505","slaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slaant1","avibase-CF8A3394",null,null,"Turrialba, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/192/mode/1up","Formicivora schisticolor"],["14506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula schisticolor schisticolor","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Ecuador (south to Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49409A1C",null,null,"Turrialba, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/192/mode/1up","Formicivora schisticolor"],["14507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctaemartae","Allen, 1900","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13, art.14 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE92F4BE",null,null,"Valparaiso, 5500 feet, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","List of Birds collected in the District of Santa Marta, Colombia, by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/719","Myrmotherula sanctae-martae"],["14508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula schisticolor interior","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.614",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean slopes from eastern Colombia to southern Peru (Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C324C340",null,null,"Buena Vista, 4500 feet, east slope of the Eastern Andes, above Villavicencio, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Myrmopagis schisticolor interior"],["14509","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula unicolor","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg (6), 1 p.480 pl.2 fig.1","Unicolored Antwren","Unicolored Antwren","Unicolored Antwren",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (northern Rio de Janeiro to far northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701524","uniant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uniant1","avibase-1A166C56",null,null,"no locality given, but type probably from Rio de Janeiro.",null,null,"Myrmothera unicolor"],["14510","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula snowi","Teixeira & Gonzaga, 1985","Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (n.s.), no.310 p.1-16","Alagoas Antwren","Alagoas Antwren","Alagoas Antwren",null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Alagoas near Murici on Rio Pedra Branca)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724407","alaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alaant1","avibase-E26BC06E",null,null,"Pedra Branca (Collar et al. 1992) above Murici, Alagoas (approximately 9°15'S 35°50'W)","Uma nova subespécie de Myrmotherula unicolor (Menetries, 1835) (Passeriformes, Formicariidae) do nordeste do Brasil.",null,"Myrmotherula unicolor snowi"],["14511","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula grisea","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.321","Yungas Antwren","Ashy Antwren","Ashy Antwren",null,null,"Andean foothills of western Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701520","ashant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashant1","avibase-E2A877F7",null,null,"Sta. Anna, 2200 feet, Río Coroico, La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Myrmotherula grisea"],["14512","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula behni","Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6 p.25 pl.1 fig.2","Plain-winged Antwren","Plain-winged Antwren","Plain-winged Antwren",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in the tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and adjacent Brazil, and locally in the foothills of the eastern Andes and outlying ridges in eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701530","plwant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plwant2","avibase-0AA51604",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/35/mode/1up","Myrmotherula behni"],["14513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula behni behni","Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6 p.25 pl.1 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"highly disjunctly on eastern slope of Andes of south-central Colombia (Meta; few records) to southeastern Ecuador (Sucumbíos to Zamora-Chinchipe)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71A5EEC7",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/35/mode/1up","Myrmotherula behni"],["14514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula behni yavii","Zimmer & Phelps, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1373 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (northwestern Bolívar and Amazonas) and adjacent northern Brazil (Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F75B576",null,null,"Cerro Yavi, Territorio Amazonas, 1600 meters, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela. [1].","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4417/","Myrmotherula behni yavii"],["14515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula behni inornata","Sclater, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (southeastern Bolívar) and adjacent Brazil (northern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4900FDD8",null,null,"British Guiana and Bogotá; Mt. Roraima designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 160.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34360#page/265/mode/1up","Myrmotherula inornata"],["14516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula behni camanii","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Camani in northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF0B4535",null,null,"Cerro Camani, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela, 1250 meters","Nine new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/245/mode/1up","Myrmotherula behni camanii"],["14517","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula iheringi","Snethlage, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.41","Ihering's Antwren","Ihering's Antwren","Ihering's Antwren",null,null,"bamboo stands in tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River and west of the Rio Tapajos, from western Pará southwestward to southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701517","iheant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/iheant1","avibase-87FE9014",null,null,"Boim, left bank of the lower Tapajoz, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/53/mode/1up","Myrmotherula iheringi"],["14518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula iheringi heteroptera","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Amazonian Brazil, west of the Rio Madeira in Amazonas, and western Acre, and adjacent east-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F585AE39",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/184/mode/1up","Myrmotherula iheringi heteroptera"],["14519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula iheringi iheringi","Snethlage, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil between the Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A0C9917",null,null,"Boim, left bank of the lower Tapajoz, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/53/mode/1up","Myrmotherula iheringi"],["14520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula iheringi oreni","Miranda, Aleixo, Whitney et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.268-271",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Amazonia, in southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia (Pando), and adjacent Brazil (eastern Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E767C0A",null,null,"km II of \"Ramal Jarinal\", Transacreana highway (AC-090), Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil (09°54' 02.1\"S / 68°28'32.1\"W)","Molecular systematics and taxonomic revision of the Ihering's Antwren complex (Myrmotherula iheringi: Thamnophilidae), with description of a new species from southwestern Amazonia","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/268-271_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Myrmotherula oreni"],["14521","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmotherula fluminensis","Gonzaga, 1988","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108 p.132-135","Rio de Janeiro Antwren","Rio de Janeiro Antwren",null,"2025-0819","<em>Myrmotherula fluminensis</em> is recognized as a monotypic species based on the genomic DNA data of Harvey et al. (2020). Sometimes regarded as a hybrid (<em>M. unicolor</em> x <em>M. axillaris luctuosa</em>), or an aberrant form of <em>luctuosa </em>based on plumage and vocalizations (Mallet-Rodrigues 2008); genetic data, however, recovered <em>fluminensis </em>as a deeply diverged lineage and sister to <em>Formicivora iheringi</em> (Harvey et al. 2020). Further research needed to confirm generic placement and reassess vocalizations.","southeastern Brazil (known from a 1988 specimen from Serra dos Órgãos)","(possibly extinct)",null,null,"rdjant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rdjant2","avibase-AD84BFB2",null,null,"4 km southeast of Santo Aleixo, Majé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22 34' 45\" S, 43 01' 39\" W)","A new antwren (Myrmotherula) from southeastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/400/mode/1up","Myrmotherula fluminensis"],["14522","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora","Swainson, 1824","The Zoological Journal 1, no.3 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Formicivora nigricollis [Swainson, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 25). = Turdus griseus Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/333/mode/1up","Formicivora"],["14523","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora iheringi","Hellmayr, 1909","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 1 p.98","Narrow-billed Antwren","Narrow-billed Antwren","Narrow-billed Antwren",null,null,"interior eastern Brazil (eastern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701592","nabant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nabant1","avibase-AD846245",null,null,"Villa Nova, Serra Espinhago, Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]","Notes sur quelques oiseaux de l'Amérique tropicale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/132/mode/1up","Formicivora iheringi"],["14524","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora erythronotos","Hartlaub, 1852","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.4","Black-hooded Antwren","Black-hooded Antwren","Black-hooded Antwren",null,null,"locally in lowlands of southeastern Brazil (eastern São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701605","blhant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhant4","avibase-DE27235A",null,null,"Brazil.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/10/mode/1up","Formicivora erythronotos"],["14525","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora melanogaster","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.83,154","Black-bellied Antwren","Black-bellied Antwren","Black-bellied Antwren",null,null,"dry forest and scrub in the Cerrado and Caatinga from northeastern Brazil southward to southeastern and south-central Brazil, western Paraguay, and northern and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701599","blbant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbant2","avibase-BF9D1B17",null,null,"City of Goiaz [=Goiás], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/164/mode/1up","Formicivora melanogaster"],["14526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora melanogaster melanogaster","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.83,154",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil to southeastern Bolivia and far northern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BF68EE8",null,null,"City of Goiaz [=Goiás], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/164/mode/1up","Formicivora melanogaster"],["14527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora melanogaster bahiae","Hellmayr, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Maranhão to northern Bahia and western Pernambuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A538E1",null,null,"Samarao [ = Lamarao], 300 meters, Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]","Descriptions of three new species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/437/mode/1up","Formicivora melanogastra bahiae"],["14528","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora serrana","(Hellmayr, 1929)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.18 p.377,note","Serra Antwren","Serra Antwren","Serra Antwren","2025-0816","Taxon <em>littoralis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Formicivora serrana</em> based on similarity in vocalizations, clinality in plumage characters (Firme &amp; Raposo 2011), and limited genomic divergence (Harvey et al. 2020).","semi-humid forest, woodland and scrub, also restinga in montane areas and locally in littoral of southeastern Brazil from southern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais southward to Rio de Janeiro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657373","serant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/serant4","avibase-A6FD42C4",null,null,"Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.","A contribution to the ornithology of north-eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30791#page/151/mode/1up","Neorhopias serrana"],["14529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora serrana serrana","(Hellmayr, 1929)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.18 p.377,note",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Brazil (eastern Minas Gerais and adjacent Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73B70D06",null,null,"Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.","A contribution to the ornithology of north-eastern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30791#page/151/mode/1up","Neorhopias serrana"],["14530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora serrana interposita","Gonzaga & Pacheco, 1990","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 110 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"valley of the Rio Paraíba do Sul in far southeastern Minas Gerais and adjacent northwestern Rio de Janeiro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEF24DB3",null,null,"Hacienda São Geraldo, 22°06'S, 42°14'03\" W, Trajano de Morais, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.","Two new subspecies of Formicivora serrana (Hellmayr) from southeastern Brazil, and notes on the type locality of Formicivora deluzae Menetries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/511/mode/1up","Formicivora serrana interposita"],["14531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora serrana littoralis","Gonzaga & Pacheco, 1990","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 110 p.191 [187-193]",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B6BC1AE",null,null,"Playa Maçambamba, 22°55'45\"S, 42°13' 35\"W, Arrabal do Cabo , Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.","Two new subspecies of Formicivora serrana (Hellmayr) from southeastern Brazil, and notes on the type locality of Formicivora deluzae Menetries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/513/mode/1up","Formicivora serrana littoralis"],["14532","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora grisea","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39","Southern White-fringed Antwren","Southern White-fringed Antwren","Southern White-fringed Antwren","2025-0815","Taxon <em>intermedia </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Formicivora grisea</em> based on substantial vocal differences (Hilty 2003; Boesman 2016dd), and deep divergence in genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), supported by differences in female plumage.","semi-humid to humid scrub and woodland, mangroves, white-sand campina, Caatinga scrub, gallery woodland in eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela and adjacent northwestern Brazil; in the Guiana Shield of the Guianas, northern Brazil, and adjacent eastern Venezuela; in the central and eastern Amazon basin, mostly south of the Amazon River, from northeastern Brazil southward to south-central Brazil and northeastern Bolivia; and in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil southward to Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657300","whfant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfant3","avibase-921F6895",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 643, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Turdus griseus"],["14533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora grisea rufiventris","Carriker, 1936","The Auk 53, no.3 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela (western Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94116204",null,null,"Cerro Yapacana, upper Orinoco River, Venezuela.","A new Antbird from Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol53/iss3/10/","Formicivora grisea rufiventris"],["14534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora grisea grisea","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Guyana, coastal Suriname, French Guiana, and northern and eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ACDC31C",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 643, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Turdus griseus"],["14535","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora intermedia","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.225","Northern White-fringed Antwren","Northern White-fringed Antwren","Northern White-fringed Antwren","2025-0815","Taxon <em>intermedia </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Formicivora grisea</em> based on substantial vocal differences (Hilty 2003; Boesman 2016dd), and deep divergence in genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020), supported by differences in female plumage.","dry to arid scrub, woodland edges and mangroves in the lowlands of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela, including Isla Margarita, eastward to the Paria Peninsula and Trinidad; in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena; east of the Andes in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia; also the Pearl Islands of eastern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657347","whfant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfant4","avibase-E62C5695",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia, and Aragua, Venezuela = Aragua, cf. Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14, 1920, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/233/mode/1up","Formicivora intermedia"],["14536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora intermedia alticincta","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (Bay of Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A96F8AC",null,null,"San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.","Two new birds from San Miguel island, Bay of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/79/mode/1up","Formicivora alticincta"],["14537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora intermedia hondae","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21E4DCD2",null,null,"Chicoral, 1800 feet, upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Microrhopias grisea hondae"],["14538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora intermedia fumosa","(Cory, 1913)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"northern base of Andes of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12DE92DE",null,null,"Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/17/mode/1up","Microrhopias grisea fumosa"],["14539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora intermedia intermedia","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia, northwestern Venezuela, Isla Margarita (off Venezuela), and Chacachacare Island (just off Trinidad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9DE76EE",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia, and Aragua, Venezuela = Aragua, cf. Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14, 1920, p. 285.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/233/mode/1up","Formicivora intermedia"],["14540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora intermedia tobagensis","de Dalmas, 1900","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 13 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC07A34B",null,null,"Tobago.","Note sur une collection d'oiseaux de l'île de Tobago (mer des Antilles).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38549#page/169/mode/1up","Formicivora tobagensis"],["14541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora intermedia orenocensis","Hellmayr, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela south of Río Orinoco (Bolívar and far northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-291F19FD",null,null,"Altagracia, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/538/mode/1up","Formicivora orenocensis"],["14542","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora rufa","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1095","Rusty-backed Antwren","Rusty-backed Antwren","Rusty-backed Antwren",null,null,"semi-humid and white-sand forest, Cerrado brushland, gallery scrub, and grassy fields with scattered bushes in northeastern Brazil, in the mouth of the Amazon River and locally in Suriname; in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to Rio de Janeiro and across the Cerrado to south-central Brazil, northern and western Paraguay, northern and eastern Bolivia, and northward locally in eastern Andes to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701611","rubant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubant4","avibase-03ED8C2C",null,null,"interior of Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1117/mode/1up","Myiothera rufa"],["14543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora rufa urubambae","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.538 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in foothills of eastern Peru (San Martín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C8E2A4",null,null,"Santa Ana, 3500 feet, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 5, The genera Herpsilochmus, Microrhopias, Formicivora, Hypocnemis, Hypocnemoides, and Myrmochanes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4260/","Formicivora rufa urubambae"],["14544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora rufa chapmani","Cherrie, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.23 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Suriname and east-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-932DD524",null,null,"Altar do Chao, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","New Birds from the collection of the Collins-Day Expedition to South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1385","Formicivora rufa chapmani"],["14545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora rufa rufa","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1095",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil to southeastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-296531B7",null,null,"interior of Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1117/mode/1up","Myiothera rufa"],["14546","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora grantsaui","Gonzaga, Carvalhaes & Buzzetti, 2007","Zootaxa 1473 p.25,28","Sincora Antwren","Sincora Antwren","Sincora Antwren",null,null,"Serra do Sincorá, in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735914","sinant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinant1","avibase-630AA24B",null,null,"Valle del Rio Cumbuca, 12°58'29''S, 41°21' 29''W, 3.5 Km. al noreste de la ciudad de Mucugê, Mucugê, Bahía, Brasil.","A new species of Formicivora antwren from the Chapada Diamantina, eastern Brazil (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae)","https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.1473.1.2","Formicivora grantsaui"],["14547","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora acutirostris","(Bornschein, Reinert & Teixeira, 1995)","Publicação Técnico-Científica do Instituto Iguaçu de Pesquisa e Preservação Ambiental 1 p.11-13","Marsh Antwren","Marsh Antwren",null,"2025-0817","Taxon <em>paludicola </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Formicivora acutirostris</em> based on minor differences in plumage, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (Buzzetti et al. 2013).","riverine and littoral marshes in southeastern Brazil, from eastern São Paulo southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul",null,null,null,"parant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parant1","avibase-D9FABE0D",null,null,"Balneario Ipacaray 25° 45'S, 48° 31'W, Municipio de Matinhos, Paraná, Brasil.","Um novo Formicariidae do sul do Brasil (Aves, Passeriformes).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320719907","Stymphalornis acutirostris"],["14548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora acutirostris acutirostris","(Bornschein, Reinert & Teixeira, 1995)","Publicação Técnico-Científica do Instituto Iguaçu de Pesquisa e Preservação Ambiental 1 p.11-13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (Paraná and far northeastern Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E17A2AE",null,null,"Balneario Ipacaray 25° 45'S, 48° 31'W, Municipio de Matinhos, Paraná, Brasil.","Um novo Formicariidae do sul do Brasil (Aves, Passeriformes).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320719907","Stymphalornis acutirostris"],["14549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Formicivora acutirostris paludicola","Buzzetti, Belmonte-Lopes, Reinert et al., 2014","Revista Brasileria de Ornitologia 21 269-291",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C90C8664",null,null,"Córrego Taboão do Parateí (23°24'27\"S, 46°13'35\"W; 630 m a.s.l.), municipality of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo state, Brazil","A new species of Formicivora Swainson, 1824 (Thamnophilidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19465#page/390/mode/1up","Formicivora paludicola"],["14550","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Isleria","Bravo, Chesser & Brumfield, 2012","Zootaxa 3195.1 (2012) 61-67",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myrmothera guttata [Vieillot, 1824]; type by original designation",null,"Isleria, a new genus of antwren (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae).",null,"Isleria"],["14551","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Isleria guttata","(Vieillot, 1824)","La Galerie des Oiseaux du Cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle du Jardin du Roi (etc.) 2 p.251 pl.155","Rufous-bellied Antwren","Rufous-bellied Antwren","Rufous-bellied Antwren",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701460","rubant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubant3","avibase-29D98F31",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270049#page/638/mode/1up","Myrmothera guttata"],["14552","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Isleria hauxwelli","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.131 pl.126 fig.2","Plain-throated Antwren","Plain-throated Antwren","Plain-throated Antwren",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, south-central Brazil, and northeastern Bolivia, and eastward in the Amazon of Brazil to eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão, south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701457","pltant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltant1","avibase-DCF9CFE8",null,null,"eastern Peru; type from Chamicuros.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/143/mode/1up","Formicivora hauxwelli"],["14553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Isleria hauxwelli suffusa","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.523 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and far northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAA984A5",null,null,"lower Río Suno, eastern Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 3, The genus Myrmotherula in Peru, with notes on extralimital forms. Part 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3991/","Myrmotherula hauxwelli suffusa"],["14554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Isleria hauxwelli hauxwelli","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.131 pl.126 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru, western Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E75E446",null,null,"eastern Peru; type from Chamicuros.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/143/mode/1up","Formicivora hauxwelli"],["14555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Isleria hauxwelli clarior","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.523 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE2013B3",null,null,"Villa Bella Imperatriz, mouth of the Rio Andira, south bank of the Amazon, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 3, The genus Myrmotherula in Peru, with notes on extralimital forms. Part 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3991/","Myrmotherula hauxwelli clarior"],["14556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Isleria hauxwelli hellmayri","(Snethlage, 1906)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (east of Rio Xingú in eastern Pará and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FD64AD9",null,null,"no type locality given, but types evidently from near Belém, fide Hellmayr.","Über brasilianische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/23/mode/1up","Myrmotherula hauxwelli hellmayri"],["14557","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Xenornis","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xenornis setifrons [Chapman, 1924]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new genera and species of Tracheophonae from Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4333/","Xenornis"],["14558","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Xenornis setifrons","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.1","Speckled Antshrike","Spiny-faced Antshrike","Spiny-faced Antshrike",null,null,"eastern Panama (Colón) to far northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701368","spfant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spfant1","avibase-181C3DF9",null,null,"Tacarcuna, 2050 feet, eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera and species of Tracheophonae from Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4333/","Xenornis setifrons"],["14559","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius caesia [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 53). = Muscicapa caesia Temminck, 1820  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/238/mode/1up","Thamnomanes"],["14560","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes ardesiacus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.756","Dusky-throated Antshrike","Dusky-throated Antshrike","Dusky-throated Antshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to central Amazonia in Brazil, and in western Amazonia southward to southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701415","dutant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dutant2","avibase-32180749",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/168/mode/1up","Dysithamnus ardesiacus"],["14561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes ardesiacus ardesiacus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.756",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and adjacent Brazil (southeastern Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-093A4B83",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/168/mode/1up","Dysithamnus ardesiacus"],["14562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes ardesiacus obidensis","(Snethlage, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ADCDB72",null,null,"Óbidos, Pará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/52/mode/1up","Dysithamnus ardesiacus obidensis"],["14563","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes saturninus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.77,147","Saturnine Antshrike","Saturnine Antshrike","Saturnine Antshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from northeastern Peru eastward to central Brazil, in western Pará, south of the Amazon River, and southward to southern Rondônia, southwestern Mato Grosso, and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729366","satant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satant1","avibase-161229C0",null,null,"Borba and Serra Carauman; Borba, Rio Madeira selected as type locality by Hellmayr, 1903",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/157/mode/1up","Thamnophilus saturninus"],["14564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes saturninus huallagae","(Cory, 1916)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru north of the Amazon River and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86ABE290",null,null,"Lagunas, lower Río Huallaga, Peru.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/10/mode/1up","Cercomacra huallagae"],["14565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes saturninus saturninus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.77,147",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil and far northeastern Bolivia (northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D656CDEB",null,null,"Borba and Serra Carauman; Borba, Rio Madeira selected as type locality by Hellmayr, 1903",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/157/mode/1up","Thamnophilus saturninus"],["14566","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes schistogynus","Hellmayr, 1911","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 2 p.25","Bluish-slate Antshrike","Bluish-slate Antshrike","Bluish-slate Antshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from northeastern Peru, western Brazil, and adjacent southeastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701423","blsant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blsant1","avibase-CB05DF07",null,null,"San Mateo [Cochabamba], Bolivia.","Description de quelques formes nouvelles d'oiseaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/45/mode/1up","Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus"],["14567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes schistogynus intermedius","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru south of the Amazon River and east of Río Huallaga (southward to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B898E5E",null,null,"Puerto Yessup, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Thamnomanes caesius intermedius"],["14568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes schistogynus schistogynus","Hellmayr, 1911","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 2 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil south of the Amazon River to southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98D9673F",null,null,"San Mateo [Cochabamba], Bolivia.","Description de quelques formes nouvelles d'oiseaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/45/mode/1up","Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus"],["14569","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes caesius","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.3, vol.3 pl.17 fig.1,2","Cinereous Antshrike","Cinereous Antshrike","Cinereous Antshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas westward to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru, and southward to south-central Brazil and northeastern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest of central-eastern Brazil from Pernambuco southward to Espírito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701420","cinant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinant1","avibase-E717D293",null,null,"Brazil and Guiana, i.e. State of Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/245/mode/1up","Muscicapa caesia"],["14570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes caesius glaucus","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, northeastern Peru, and Brazil north of the Amazon River (northern Amazonas eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6AAF232",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/238/mode/1up","Thamnomanes glaucus"],["14571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes caesius persimilis","Hellmayr, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.1 p.64,65",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil south of the Amazon River (lower Rio Juruá and lower Rio Purus eastward to left bank of Rio Tapajós, southward to northern Rondônia and western Mato Grosso), and far northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49D2B536",null,null,"Tefe, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","On a collection of birds from Teffé, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/80/mode/1up","Thamnomanes caesius persimilis"],["14572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes caesius simillimus","Gyldenstolpe, 1951","Arkiv för Zoologi 2(1), pp. p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil along middle Rio Purus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D4D71E5",null,null,"Labrea, R. Purús (right bank), State of Amazonas, W. Brasil","The ornithology of the Rio Purus region in Western Brazil.",null,"Thamnomanes glaucus simillimus"],["14573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to northern Maranhão and northeastern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AD7FB7A",null,null,"Santo Antônio do Prata, Pará, Brazil.","On a new species of Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/79/mode/1up","Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi"],["14574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnomanes caesius caesius","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.3, vol.3 pl.17 fig.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro, inland to Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ADCA613",null,null,"Brazil and Guiana, i.e. State of Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/245/mode/1up","Muscicapa caesia"],["14575","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Megastictus","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myrmeciza margaritata [Sclater, PL, 1855]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/93/mode/1up","Megastictus"],["14576","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Megastictus margaritatus","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.253 pl.71","Pearly Antshrike","Pearly Antshrike","Pearly Antshrike",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, eastern Peru, and west-central Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701352","peaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peaant1","avibase-4FB0F5F3",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds of the Sub-family Formicarinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/581/mode/1up","Myrmeciza margaritata"],["14577","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhopias","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.13.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thamnophilus gularis [von Spix, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 229).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/21/mode/1up","Rhopias"],["14578","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhopias gularis","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.30, pl.41, f.2","Star-throated Antwren","Star-throated Antwren","Star-throated Antwren",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to western Paraná and northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701463","sttant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttant1","avibase-C040B92F",null,null,"no type locality; Rio de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 141.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/44/mode/1up","Thamnophilus gularis"],["14579","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dichrozona","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10 p.524",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dichrozona zononota [Ridgway, 1888]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/538/mode/1up","Dichrozona"],["14580","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dichrozona cincta","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.47","Banded Antbird","Banded Antbird","Banded Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, and northwestern and southern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701543","banant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banant2","avibase-4D776E0B",null,null,"Borba; São Joaquim, Rio Negro; type from São Joaquim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/57/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus (Microcerculus) cinctus"],["14581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dichrozona cincta cincta","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C898A1B",null,null,"Borba; São Joaquim, Rio Negro; type from São Joaquim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/57/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus (Microcerculus) cinctus"],["14582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dichrozona cincta stellata","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-984BE8BE",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/224/mode/1up","Hypocnemis stellata"],["14583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dichrozona cincta zononota","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Brazil and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59331AB1",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/538/mode/1up","Dichrozona zononota"],["14584","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cymbilaimus","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius lineatus [Leach, 1814]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/50/mode/1up","Cymbilaimus"],["14585","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B no.13 p.6","Bamboo Antshrike","Bamboo Antshrike","Bamboo Antshrike",null,null,"local from southeastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701226","bamant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bamant1","avibase-279C7965",null,null,"Victoria, confluence of the Río Madre de Dios and Río Beni, District of Madre de Dios, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new Birds from Bolivia.",null,"Cymbilaimus lineatus sanctaemariae"],["14586","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cymbilaimus lineatus","(Leach, 1814)","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 1 p.20, pl.6","Fasciated Antshrike","Fasciated Antshrike","Fasciated Antshrike",null,null,"humid forest from the Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras southward to eastern Panama, from northwestern Colombia southward along the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Ecuador, in interior Colombia southward to the mid Magdalena Valley and in northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela; east of the Andes in the Orinoco basin, the Guiana Shield and across the entire Amazon basin southward to south-central Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso, and to northwestern and far northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701223","fasant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fasant1","avibase-86C7F489",null,null,"Berbice, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91180#page/36/mode/1up","Lanius lineatus"],["14587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.391 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Honduras and Nicaragua to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85D00AE5",null,null,"Hacienda Los Sabalos, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/418/mode/1up","Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus"],["14588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cymbilaimus lineatus intermedius","(Hartert & Goodson, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northwestern and southern Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Branco and Rio Negro and, south of the Amazon River, eastward to Rio Tocantins and southward to Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, and southern Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-698AECA0",null,null,"Rio Madeira, Brazil; type from Humaiti (=Humaytha)","Further notes on South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/565/mode/1up","Cymbilanius lineatus intermedius"],["14589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cymbilaimus lineatus lineatus","(Leach, 1814)","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 1 p.20, pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to French Guiana and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (north of the Amazon River and east of Rio Branco and Rio Negro in Amazonas, Pará and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFDC433C",null,null,"Berbice, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91180#page/36/mode/1up","Lanius lineatus"],["14590","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnophilus major [ Vieillot, 1816]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 180).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/413/mode/1up","Taraba"],["14591","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.313","Great Antshrike","Great Antshrike","Great Antshrike",null,null,"humid to dry forest, savanna woodland, gallery forest, and dense secondary thickets from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico southward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, west of the Andes southward to northwesternmost Peru, interior Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, east of the Andes in Venezuela (except the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia), and from northern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin, the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest of Brazil to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701251","greant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greant1","avibase-0776F498",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/333/mode/1up","Thamnophilus major"],["14592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major melanocrissus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6975CF3E",null,null,"Santecomapam, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico,","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Vicinity of Orizaba and neighbouring parts of Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/332/mode/1up","Thamnophilus melanocrissus"],["14593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major obscurus","Zimmer, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.668 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western Costa Rica to Panama and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E49147A2",null,null,"Alto Bonito, 1500 feet, Antioquia, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 11, The genera Taraba and Sakesphorus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3856/","Taraba major obscurus"],["14594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major transandeanus","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.285 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A07CC230",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Characters of six new species of the genus Thamnophilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/758/mode/1up","Thamnophilus transandeanus"],["14595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major granadensis","(Cabanis, 1872)","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.117 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96AB1A54",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","[Über die Thamnophilinen-Gattung Diallactes (Buschwürger) und über 2 neue, bisher nicht unterschiedene Arten oder Abarten dieser Gruppe].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/246/mode/1up","Diallactes granadensis"],["14596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major semifasciatus","(Cabanis, 1872)","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.117 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northeastern and southeastern Brazil (south to Rio Negro and the Amazon River and, south of the Amazon River, from far eastern Amazonas eastward to western Maranhão and southward to northern Mato Grosso and northwestern Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABCA4D8E",null,null,"Pará, Guiana and Venezuela; Pará accepted as type-locality by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 283.","[Über die Thamnophilinen-Gattung Diallactes (Buschwürger) und über 2 neue, bisher nicht unterschiedene Arten oder Abarten dieser Gruppe].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/246/mode/1up","Diallactes semifasciatus"],["14597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5AA8E62",null,null,"Mt. Duida, 6200 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Taraba major duidae"],["14598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major melanurus","(Sclater, 1855)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 1 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F9E06A1",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia; Río Ucayali, Peru; type from Río Ucayali.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131108#page/257/mode/1up","Thamnophilus melanurus"],["14599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major borbae","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.75,140",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Purus to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3F2A424",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/150/mode/1up","Thamnophilus Borbae"],["14600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major stagurus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Maranhão to Pernambuco and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24F4F0B7",null,null,"Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/65/mode/1up","Lanius stagurus"],["14601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Taraba major major","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to south-central Brazil, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C36F7FBC",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/333/mode/1up","Thamnophilus major"],["14602","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypoedaleus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnophilus guttatus [Vieillot, 1816]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/26/mode/1up","Hypoedaleus"],["14603","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypoedaleus guttatus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.315","Spot-backed Antshrike","Spot-backed Antshrike","Spot-backed Antshrike",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701229","spbant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbant3","avibase-69C21555",null,null,"South America, = Rio de Janeiro by designation of Hellmayr, 1924, p. 40.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/335/mode/1up","Thamnophilus guttatus"],["14604","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Batara","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lanius undulatus [Mikan, 1820]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 61). = Tamnophilus cinereus Vieillot, 1819",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/385/mode/1up","Batara"],["14605","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Batara cinerea","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.200","Giant Antshrike","Giant Antshrike","Giant Antshrike",null,null,"dry to humid forest and woodland in the foothils of the Andes of southeastern Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina, and in western Paraguay; in the Atlantic Forest region from central-eastern Brazil, in southern Bahia, southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, northeasternmost Argentina, and adjacent Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701232","giaant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giaant2","avibase-4EADEBB3",null,null,"Brazil, = Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/212/mode/1up","Tamnophilus cinereus"],["14606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Batara cinerea excubitor","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Notulae Naturae no.44 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B00E43B8",null,null,"Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Description of new Birds from Bolivia. Part III. Mesomyodi.",null,"Batara cinerea excubitor"],["14607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Batara cinerea argentina","Shipton, 1918","Physis Buenos Aires 4 no.16 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B7B8CB5",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Jujuy.","Sobre una nueva subspecie de Batara cinerea (Vieill.) del N.W. de le Argentina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110402#page/122/mode/1up","Batara cinerea argentina"],["14608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Batara cinerea cinerea","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 35 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Espírito Santo) to far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F46A76E",null,null,"Brazil, = Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64011#page/212/mode/1up","Tamnophilus cinereus"],["14609","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Mackenziaena","Chubb, 1918","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.2, no.7 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thamnophilus leachii [Such, 1825]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53366#page/143/mode/1up","Mackenziaena"],["14610","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Mackenziaena severa","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.45,46","Tufted Antshrike","Tufted Antshrike","Tufted Antshrike",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701235","tufant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tufant1","avibase-BE8716E0",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/65/mode/1up","Lanius severus"],["14611","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Mackenziaena leachii","(Such, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.558","Large-tailed Antshrike","Large-tailed Antshrike","Large-tailed Antshrike",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to eastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701238","latant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latant1","avibase-B165F898",null,null,"vicinity of Goaytacazes [ = Campos], Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Brazilian species of the Family of Laniadae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/590/mode/1up","Thamnophilus leachii"],["14612","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Frederickena","Chubb, 1918","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.2, no.7 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thamnophilus viridis [Vieillot, 1816]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53366#page/143/mode/1up","Frederickena"],["14613","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Frederickena viridis","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.318","Black-throated Antshrike","Black-throated Antshrike","Black-throated Antshrike",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701241","bltant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltant3","avibase-C3C71923",null,null,"South America; Cayenne is accepted as the type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/338/mode/1up","Thamnophilus viridis"],["14614","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Frederickena fulva","Zimmer, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1263 p.3","Fulvous Antshrike","Fulvous Antshrike",null,"2025-0822","Taxon <em>fulva </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Frederickena unduliger</em> based primarily on vocal differences (Isler et al. 2009), supported by multilocus DNA (Bravo 2012) and genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020). However, the differences in female plumage noted for <em>fulva </em>(Zimmer 1944) may not be diagnostic; further research needed.","southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,"fulant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fulant1","avibase-74491D29",null,null,"Río Suno, above Avila, Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 49, Notes on Frederickena and Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3746/","Frederickena unduligera fulva"],["14615","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Frederickena unduliger","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.139","Undulated Antshrike","Undulated Antshrike",null,"2025-0822","Taxon <em>fulva </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Frederickena unduliger</em> based primarily on vocal differences (Isler et al. 2009), supported by multilocus DNA (Bravo 2012) and genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020). However, the differences in female plumage noted for <em>fulva </em>(Zimmer 1944) may not be diagnostic; further research needed.","dense thickets in tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from northwestern Brazil, in the upper Rio Negro basin, southward to southwestern Brazil, southeastern Peru, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,"undant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/undant2","avibase-3C42048A",null,null,"Marabitanas; Rio Içanna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/149/mode/1up","Thamnophilus unduliger"],["14616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Frederickena unduliger diversa","Zimmer, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1263 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón) and northwestern Bolivia (southern La Paz, southern Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB744B33",null,null,"Orosa, south bank of Río Amazonas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 49, Notes on Frederickena and Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3746/","Frederickena unduligera diversa"],["14617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Frederickena unduliger unduliger","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Amazonian Brazil on upper Rio Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2166443",null,null,"Marabitanas; Rio Içanna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/149/mode/1up","Thamnophilus unduliger"],["14618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Frederickena unduliger pallida","Zimmer, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1263 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon; northern Bolivia (?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8DF4E96",null,null,"Rosarinho (Lago Sampaio), left bank of Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 49, Notes on Frederickena and Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3746/","Frederickena unduligera pallida"],["14619","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphoroides","Grantsau, 2010","Guia completo para identificação das aves do Brasil pp. 1‐1249",null,null,null,"2025-1224","Taxon <em>cristatus </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Sakesphoroides</em>, rather than in <em>Sakesphorus</em>, based on genomic DNA evidence of non-monophyly (Harvey et al. 2020; Bravo et al. 2021), supported by morphological divergence (Grantsau 2010).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnophilus cristatus [Wied, 1831]",null,null,null,"Sakesphoroides"],["14620","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphoroides cristatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1002","Silvery-cheeked Antshrike","Silvery-cheeked Antshrike","Silvery-cheeked Antshrike",null,null,"deciduous forest and woodland in Caatinga region from northeastern Brazil, in the state of Ceará, southward to central Minas Gerais, in east-central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701257","sicant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sicant1","avibase-72E82D9C",null,null,"Sertao of Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1024/mode/1up","Thamnophilus cristatus"],["14621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphoroides cristatus niedeguidonae","Cerqueira, Gonçalves, Quaresma et al., 2024","Zoologica Scripta 53, no.5 p.487-508",null,null,null,null,null,"Caatinga of northeastern Brazil to the north/left bank of the São Francisco River, and right bank in the Raso da Catarina area of Bahia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-415C1264",null,null,"Serra Vermelha, surroundings of Serra da Capivara National Park, São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí (08°52'47.5”S, 42°43'32.8”W); elevation c. 525 m; collected on 11 January 2019 by P. V. Cerqueira, G. R. Gonçalves and A. Aleixo","A new antshrike (Aves: Thamnophilidae) endemic to the Caatinga and the role of climate oscillations and drainage shift in shaping cryptic diversity of Neotropical seasonal dry forests","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zsc.12672","Sakesphoroides niedeguidonae"],["14622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphoroides cristatus cristatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1002",null,null,null,null,null,"Caatinga of eastern Brazil mostly south of the São Francisco River southward to far northern Minas Gerais",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C8C66FA",null,null,"Sertao of Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1024/mode/1up","Thamnophilus cristatus"],["14623","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Biatas","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates nigropectus [Lafresnaye, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/27/mode/1up","Biatas"],["14624","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Biatas nigropectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.107, fig.3","White-bearded Antshrike","White-bearded Antshrike","White-bearded Antshrike",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Minas Gerais) to far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701272","whbant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbant2","avibase-091D9EB1",null,null,"South America, = vicinity of Río de Janeiro by suggestion of Hellmayr, 1924.","Sur le genre Vanga, note suivie de la description du Vanga xenopirostris et de l'Anabates nigro-pectus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/113/mode/1up","Anabates nigro-pectus"],["14625","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Radinopsyche","Whitney, Bravo, Belmonte-Lopes et al., 2021","The Auk 138, no.3 p.10 [1-16]",null,null,null,"2025-1225","Taxon <em>sellowi </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Radinopsyche</em>, rather than in <em>Herpsilochmus</em>, based on genomic DNA evidence of non-monophyly (Harvey et al. 2020; Bravo et al. 2021), supported by divergence in morphology and vocalizations.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Herpsilochmus sellowi [Whitney & Pacheco 2000]",null,"Phylogenomic analyses reveal non-monophyly of the antbird genera Herpsilochmus and Sakesphorus (Thamnophilidae), with description of a new genus for Herpsilochmus sellowi","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/138/3/ukab025/6272499","Radinopsyche"],["14626","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Radinopsyche sellowi","(Whitney & Pacheco, 2000)","The Auk 117, no.4 p.869-891,cover.","Caatinga Antwren","Caatinga Antwren","Caatinga Antwren",null,null,"Caatinga of north-central and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701558","caaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caaant1","avibase-2587F820",null,null,"Boa Nova , 14° 22' S, 40°10 W, Bahía, Brasil","Systematic revision and biogeography of the Herpsilochmus pileatus complex, with description of a new species from Northeastern Brazil","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol117/iss4/2/","Herpsilochmus sellowi"],["14627","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myothera [sic] strictothorax [sic] [Temminck, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 42).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/231/mode/1up","Dysithamnus"],["14628","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus striaticeps","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.130","Streak-crowned Antvireo","Streak-crowned Antvireo","Streak-crowned Antvireo",null,null,"far southeastern Honduras, eastern Nicaragua, and Costa Rica",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701381","stcant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcant1","avibase-28CB49C7",null,null,"Angostura, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/150/mode/1up","Dysithamnus striaticeps"],["14629","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus puncticeps","Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.72","Spot-crowned Antvireo","Spot-crowned Antvireo","Spot-crowned Antvireo",null,null,"southeastern Costa Rica to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701384","spcant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spcant1","avibase-D8D88AC0",null,null,"Veragua, Caribbean lowlands of Panama.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/110/mode/1up","Dysithamnus puncticeps"],["14630","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus plumbeus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1080","Plumbeous Antvireo","Plumbeous Antvireo","Plumbeous Antvireo",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to eastern Minas Gerais and northern Rio de Janeiro)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701397","pluant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pluant3","avibase-C355BFF5",null,null,"southeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1102/mode/1up","Myiothera plumbea"],["14631","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus leucostictus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.66,223 pl.140","White-streaked Antvireo","White-streaked Antvireo","White-streaked Antvireo",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela and in the Tafelberg plateau of central Suriname, and in the eastern Andes from north-central Colombia southward to northernmost Peru north of the Río Marañón",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701390","whsant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsant4","avibase-0DA3A022",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/100/mode/1up","Dysithamnus leucostictus"],["14632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus leucostictus tucuyensis","Hartert, 1894","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.5 p.694 pl.15 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón and Lara to Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B34F01D8",null,null,"Bucarito, Tucuyo [ = Lara], Venezuela.","On two new Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/714/mode/1up","Dysithamnus tucuyensis"],["14633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus leucostictus leucostictus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.66,223 pl.140",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Colombia to far northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26D4A24A",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/100/mode/1up","Dysithamnus leucostictus"],["14634","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.30, vol.2 pl.179 fig.3","Plain Antvireo","Plain Antvireo","Plain Antvireo",null,null,"semi-deciduous to humid forest, dry savanna woodland, and gallery and montane forest from southeastern Mexico southward across Central America to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southern Bolivia (in western Ecuador down to the lowlands), the tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and adjacent Brazil, and the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil southward to south-central Brazil (southern Mato Grosso), and northeastern Bolivia, southeastern Brazil (to northern Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701378","plaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaant1","avibase-90AD65F2",null,null,"Brazil; the type is from Curytiba, Paraná, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/510/mode/1up","Myothera mentalis"],["14635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis","Ridgway, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic slope of southern Mexico (Campeche and Chiapas) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD957549",null,null,"Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/243/mode/1up","Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis"],["14636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60 no.3 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) and northwestern Colombia (northern Chocó and northern Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-220A4A7C",null,null,"Mt. Pirri, 4000 feet, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/52/mode/1up","Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus"],["14637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis extremus","Todd, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.29 p.536,549",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes and west slope of central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9123A384",null,null,"Salencio, Novita Trail, 5500 feet, Western Andes, Cauca, Colombia.","On Dysithamnus mentalis and its allies.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1388","Dysithamnus extremus"],["14638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis semicinereus","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.90 pl.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of west-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F93B0D8",null,null,"Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/872/mode/1up","Dysithamnus semicinereus"],["14639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis viridis","Aveledo Hostos & Pons, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica no.7 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2DA16EC",null,null,"Cerro Tamayaujaina, rio Negro, Sierra de Periji, Venezuela","Aves nuevas y extensiones de distribucion a Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/aves-nuevas-y-extensiones-de-distribucion-a-venezuela/","Dysithamnus mentalis viridis"],["14640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft3 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón and Lara to northern Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CB2E893",null,null,"Las Quiguas, San Esteban Valley, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Weitere neue Formen aus Westindien und Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/259/mode/1up","Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus"],["14641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis andrei","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (southern Sucre to northeastern Bolívar) and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DE174E4",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","On the birds of the island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/45/mode/1up","Dysithamnus affinis andrei"],["14642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis oberi","Ridgway, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E9EE257",null,null,"Tobago.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/243/mode/1up","Dysithamnus mentalis oberi"],["14643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis ptaritepui","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Ptari-tepui and Sororopán-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D39A521",null,null,"Mt. Ptari-tepui, 1800 meters, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Dysithamnus mentalis ptaritepui"],["14644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar and Amazonas) and northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F17E31F9",null,null,"Mt. Roraima.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/259/mode/1up","Dysithamnus spodionotus"],["14645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis","Todd, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.29 p.535,539",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2063B592",null,null,"Zaruma, El Oro, Ecuador.","On Dysithamnus mentalis and its allies.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1388","Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis"],["14646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis napensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Colombia to far northern Peru (northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C450889",null,null,"below San Jose de Sumaco (=San José Nuevo), Napo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of one new genus and of species of birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Dysithamnus mentalis napensis"],["14647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis tambillanus","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E561EAD2",null,null,"Tambillo, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/40/mode/1up","Dysithamnus tambillanus"],["14648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis olivaceus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Pasco to Cusco and western Madre de Dios)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFAC043E",null,null,"Peru; Montana de Vitoc, Junín, designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/286/mode/1up","Thamnophilus olivaceus"],["14649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis tavarae","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.558 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (southeastern Madre de Dios) to central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EAB0BC3",null,null,"Río Tavara, 1600 feet, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 7, The genera Pygiptila, Megastictus, Dysithamnus, Thamnomanes, Cercomacra, and Phlegopsis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4133/","Dysithamnus mentalis tavarae"],["14650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae","Hellmayr, 1912","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Kl2 26 Band2 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (southeastern Pará, northern Maranhão, Ceará, Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E7877C8",null,null,"Santo Antônio do Prata, Pará, Brazil.","Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in das Mündungsgebiet des Amazones herausgegeben von Lorenz Müller. Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124739#page/156/mode/1up","Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae"],["14651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis affinis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.80,149",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Bolivia and central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B8CC64D",null,null,"Villa Maria [ = San Luis de Caceres, Mato Grosso], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/159/mode/1up","Dysithamnus affinis"],["14652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.30, vol.2 pl.179 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3647737D",null,null,"Brazil; the type is from Curytiba, Paraná, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/510/mode/1up","Myothera mentalis"],["14653","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus occidentalis","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.2","Bicolored Antvireo","Bicolored Antvireo","Bicolored Antvireo",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western Andes of Colombia southward to far northwestern Ecuador, and in the eastern Andes from northern Ecuador southward to northern Peru, north and south of the Río Marañón",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701407","bicant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bicant4","avibase-F894C140",null,null,"Cocal, 4000 feet, Western Andes, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis"],["14654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus occidentalis occidentalis","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia and northern Ecuador (Carchi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A0F2123",null,null,"Cocal, 4000 feet, Western Andes, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis"],["14655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus occidentalis punctitectus","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador (western Napo and Morona-Santiago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22A75BCB",null,null,"below Oyacachi, northeastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new genera and species of Tracheophonae from Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4333/","Dysithamnus punctitectus"],["14656","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus stictothorax","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.30, vol.2 pl.179 fig.1,2","Spot-breasted Antvireo","Spot-breasted Antvireo","Spot-breasted Antvireo",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (eastern Minas Gerais to Paraná) and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701375","spbant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbant5","avibase-E2B091E8",null,null,"Brazil = Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/509/mode/1up","Myothera strictothorax"],["14657","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Dysithamnus xanthopterus","Burmeister, 1856","Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens, welche während einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraës gesammelt oder beobachtet wurden 3 p.81","Rufous-backed Antvireo","Rufous-backed Antvireo","Rufous-backed Antvireo",null,null,"coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701387","rubant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubant2","avibase-85F353D8",null,null,"Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48303#page/105/mode/1up","Dasythamnus xanthopterus"],["14658","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiothera pileata [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 42).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/232/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus"],["14659","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus pectoralis","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.132","Pectoral Antwren","Pectoral Antwren","Pectoral Antwren",null,null,"locally in northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, and Bahia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701577","pecant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pecant1","avibase-277F57DE",null,null,"no locality; Baia [=Bahia], eastern Brazil, designated by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 176.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/144/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus pectoralis"],["14660","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.22, vol.2 pl.132 fig.1,2","Rufous-margined Antwren","Rufous-margined Antwren",null,"2025-0830","Southern populations of <em>Herpsilochmus scapularis</em> (type locality Bahia), are treated as a synonym of <em>H. rufimarginatus</em> based on morphology and vocalizations (da Silva 2013; Boesman 2016ee), a treatment also supported by genetic data (Bravo et al. 2021). Populations to the north of the Sao Francisco river, sometimes designated as <em>scapularis</em>, are placed in nominate <em>H. frater </em>but may warrant subspecific recognition; further research needed.","northeastern Brazil (Bahia) southward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,"ruwant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwant4","avibase-94479EAE",null,null,"Brazil; Rio de Janeiro designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 178.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/503/mode/1up","Myiothera rufimarginata"],["14661","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus frater","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.159","Rusty-winged Antwren","Rusty-winged Antwren",null,"2025-0830","Southern populations of <em>Herpsilochmus scapularis</em> (type locality Bahia), are treated as a synonym of <em>H. rufimarginatus</em> based on morphology and vocalizations (da Silva 2013; Boesman 2016ee), a treatment also supported by genetic data (Bravo et al. 2021). Populations to the north of the Sao Francisco river, sometimes designated as <em>scapularis</em>, are placed in nominate <em>H. frater </em>but may warrant subspecific recognition; further research needed.","humid to semi-humid forest in the lowlands of northwestern Colombia and eastern Panama, and isolated in western Ecuador; in the Sierra de Perijá and the slopes of the Andes of western Venezuela eastward along the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, and from northern Venezuela southward along the eastern Andes to central Bolivia; also in the Guiana Shield of central and eastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, locally in Suriname and northern Brazil, in the eastern and southern Amazon basin from northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon River, southward to south-central Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso and northeastern Bolivia; and isolated in Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, in Rio Grande do Norte southward to Alagoas",null,null,null,"ruwant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwant3","avibase-4E6C31E9",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/223/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus frater"],["14662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus frater exiguus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDC9AA03",null,null,"Cana, 3500 feet, eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/53/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus exiguus"],["14663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus frater frater","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"base of Andes from Colombia southward to northern Bolivia, eastward to southwestern Amazonian Brazil (Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso); Venezuela, southern Guyana, central Suriname, and northern Brazil (northern Roraima); northeastern Brazil (southern Pará and western Maranhão, and Paraíba southward to Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39744FD7",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/223/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus frater"],["14664","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus roraimae","Hellmayr, 1903","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.208","Roraiman Antwren","Roraiman Antwren","Roraiman Antwren",null,null,"montane forest and sandy-soil forest in the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and northernmost Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701574","rorant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rorant1","avibase-039291B6",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3500 feet.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/216/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus roraimae"],["14665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus roraimae kathleenae","Phelps & Dickerman, 1980","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 33 no.138 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southwestern Venezuela and adjacent Brazil (northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FDA592D",null,null,"Caño Laguna, Falda occidental del Cerro Parú, Amazonas Venezuela, alt. 1300 m","Cuatro subespecies nuevas de aves (Furnariidae, Formicariidae) de la region de Pantepui, Estado Bolivar y Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-subespecies-nuevas-de-aves-furnariidae-formicariidae-de-la-region-de-pantepui-estado-bolivar-y-territorio-amazonas-venezuela/","Herpsilochmus roraimae kathleenae"],["14666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus roraimae roraimae","Hellmayr, 1903","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, adjacent northern Brazil (northern Roraima), and west-central Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91DC8EEE",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3500 feet.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/216/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus roraimae"],["14667","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus axillaris","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.278","Yellow-breasted Antwren","Yellow-breasted Antwren","Yellow-breasted Antwren",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western and central Andes of Colombia, and along the eastern Andes from southeastern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru and adjacent western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701583","yebant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebant2","avibase-009A3CAA",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/286/mode/1up","Thamnophilus axillaris"],["14668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus axillaris senex","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 92 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical western Andes of southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-403F6092",null,null,"Río Munchique, 3000 feet, Colombia.","On some Birds from southern Colombia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064306","Herpsilochmus axillaris senex"],["14669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus axillaris aequatorialis","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89EE1507",null,null,"Machay and Mapoto, eastern Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/144/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus axillaris aequatorialis"],["14670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus axillaris puncticeps","Taczanowski, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Peru (Loreto to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4596717",null,null,"Huambo, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/66/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus puncticeps"],["14671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus axillaris axillaris","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (Junín, Cusco, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8AE2D23",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/286/mode/1up","Thamnophilus axillaris"],["14672","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus longirostris","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.80,151","Large-billed Antwren","Large-billed Antwren","Large-billed Antwren",null,null,"Brazilian plateau (Piauí to Mato Grosso do Sul) and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701580","labant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labant1","avibase-EE3F7F41",null,null,"Porto do Rio Paraná; Rio Araguay; Cuyabá; Rio Guaporé; Cuyaba accepted as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 176.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/161/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus longirostris"],["14673","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus sticturus","Salvin, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.424","Spot-tailed Antwren","Spot-tailed Antwren","Spot-tailed Antwren",null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701563","sptant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptant1","avibase-42B2013F",null,null,"Bartica Grove and Camacusa, British Guiana.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/476/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus sticturus"],["14674","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus dugandi","Meyer de Schauensee, 1945","Notulae Naturae no.153 p.4","Dugand's Antwren","Dugand's Antwren","Dugand's Antwren",null,null,"locally in far southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729224","dugant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dugant1","avibase-2D649D9F",null,null,"Belen, 600 feet, Caquetá, Colombia.","Notes on Colombian Antbirds, Ovenbirds and Woodhewers, with the description of a new form from Peru.",null,"Herpsilochmus sticturus dugandi"],["14675","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus gentryi","Whitney & Álvarez Alonso, 1998","The Auk 115, no.3 p.560-565","Ancient Antwren","Ancient Antwren","Ancient Antwren",null,null,"sandy soil forest in far southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724610","ancant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ancant1","avibase-881FE108",null,null,"Margen izquierda del RíoTigre, 03°44'S, 74°32' W, Loreto, Perú.","A New Herpsilochmus Antwren (Aves: Thamnophilidae) from Northern Amazonian Peru and Adjacent Ecuador: the Role of Edaphic Heterogeneity of Terra Firme Forest","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol115/iss3/2/","Herpsilochmus gentryi"],["14676","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.151","Spot-backed Antwren","Spot-backed Antwren","Spot-backed Antwren",null,null,"far eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701571","spbant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbant4","avibase-9442883E",null,null,"Marabitanas and Rio Uaupés; type from Marabitanas, fide Hellmayr, 1924.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/161/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus"],["14677","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus stictocephalus","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.159","Todd's Antwren","Todd's Antwren","Todd's Antwren",null,null,"far eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701568","todant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/todant1","avibase-17487809",null,null,"Tamanoir, French Guiana.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/185/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus stictocephalus"],["14678","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus pileatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.44","Bahia Antwren","Bahia Antwren","Bahia Antwren",null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Bahia south of Salvador)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729474","bahant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahant1","avibase-E6581183",null,null,"Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/64/mode/1up","Myiothera pileata"],["14679","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus atricapillus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.80,150","Black-capped Antwren","Black-capped Antwren","Black-capped Antwren",null,null,"northeastern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, northwestern Paraguay, and far northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701555","blcant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcant2","avibase-38B867FD",null,null,"Porto do Rio Paraná [São Paulo] and Goiaz [city]; the type is from Porto do Paraná, fide Hellmayr, 1924.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/160/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus atricapillus"],["14680","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus motacilloides","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.136","Creamy-bellied Antwren","Creamy-bellied Antwren","Creamy-bellied Antwren",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Huánuco to Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701552","crbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbant1","avibase-57E1F692",null,null,"Maraynioc [Junín], Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/204/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus motacilloides"],["14681","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus parkeri","Davis & O'Neill, 1986","Wilson Bulletin 98, no.3 p.337-352,front.","Ash-throated Antwren","Ash-throated Antwren","Ash-throated Antwren",null,null,"east slope of Andes of north-central Peru (San Martín)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701549","astant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astant1","avibase-6E2505D7",null,null,"ca 15 km by trail northeast of Jirillo on the trail to Balsapuerto, 06°03'S, 76°44'W, San Martín, Perú","A new species of antwren (Formicariidae: Herpsilochmus) from Peru, with comments on the systematics of other members of the genus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol98/iss3/1/","Herpsilochmus parkeri"],["14682","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus praedictus","Cohn-Haft & Bravo, 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.272-276","Predicted Antwren","Predicted Antwren","Predicted Antwren",null,null,"southwestern Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River and west of the Rio Madeira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657630","mapant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mapant1","avibase-A0975D6E",null,null,"Brazil: Amazonas; ca. 30 km W Humaitá (7°31' S / 63°18' W)","A new species of Herpsilochmus antwren from west of the Rio Madeira in Amazonian Brazil","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/272-276_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Herpsilochmus praedictus"],["14683","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Herpsilochmus stotzi","Whitney, Cohn-Haft, Bravo et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.277-281","Aripuana Antwren","Aripuana Antwren","Aripuana Antwren",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River, on the east bank of the Rio Madeira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657677","ajpant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ajpant1","avibase-F1E7B851",null,null,"Brazil: Amazonas; left bank of the Rio Aripuanã in the municipality of Manicoré (5° 25' S / 60° 42' W) about 80 km southeast of Manicoré at \"comunidade Itapinima\"","A new species of Herpsilochmus antwren from the Aripuanã-Machado interfluvium in central Amazonian Brazil","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/277-281_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Herpsilochmus stotzi"],["14684","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus","Chubb, 1918","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.2, no.7 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius canadensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53366#page/143/mode/1up","Sakesphorus"],["14685","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus luctuosus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.47","Glossy Antshrike","Glossy Antshrike","Glossy Antshrike",null,null,"flooded rainforest, riparian forest, and woodland of Brazil in the eastern and central Amazon basin from eastern Amazonas, south of the Amazon River and in northeastern Brazil just north of the Amazon River, southward to northern Rondônia, central Mato Grosso and the Cerrado region of western Tocantins and western Goiás",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701269","gloant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gloant1","avibase-CFAC40E2",null,null,"Pará, = Cametá, Rio Tocantins by designation of Hellmayr, 1924",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/67/mode/1up","Lanius luctuosus"],["14686","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus pulchellus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.16","Streak-fronted Antshrike",null,"Streak-fronted Antshrike","2025-0820","Taxon <em>pulchellus</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Sakesphorus canadensis</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016ff), genomic DNA (Harvey et al. 2020), and plumage. Nevertheless, a formal bioacoustic analysis and broader genetic sampling would be informative. Subsequent to the vote to split <em>pulchellus</em>, this split was considered by and rejected by SACC (Remsen 2024a), and hence is likely to be reconsidered for a future version of AviList.","Caribbean slope of northern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657716",null,null,"avibase-1CBE36EF",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/24/mode/1up","Hypolophus pulchellus"],["14687","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134","Black-crested Antshrike",null,"Black-crested Antshrike","2025-0820","Taxon <em>pulchellus</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Sakesphorus canadensis</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016ff), genomic DNA (Harvey et al. 2020), and plumage. Nevertheless, a formal bioacoustic analysis and broader genetic sampling would be informative. Subsequent to the vote to split <em>pulchellus</em>, this split was considered by and rejected by SACC (Remsen 2024a), and hence is likely to be reconsidered for a future version of AviList.","Guianas, Trinidad, and western Amazonia of Venezuela, northern Brazil, and southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103657712",null,null,"avibase-7608AA0E",null,null,"Canada; error = Cayenne, by designation of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 70.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius canadensis"],["14688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus canadensis intermedius","(Cherrie, 1916)","Science Bulletin, The Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 2 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and Venezuela north of Río Orinoco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66BD9D96",null,null,"Caicara, lower Orinoco Valley, Venezuela.","A contribution to the ornithology of the Orinoco Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47950#page/153/mode/1up","Hypolophus canadensis intermedius"],["14689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus canadensis fumosus","Zimmer, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.668 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Venezuela (southern Amazonas) and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A21651B5",null,null,"La Laja, 325 feet, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 11, The genera Taraba and Sakesphorus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3856/","Sakesphorus canadensis fumosus"],["14690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus canadensis trinitatis","(Ridgway, 1891)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.871 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and southern Venezuela, Trinidad, and Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F669457C",null,null,"Island of Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/553/mode/1up","Thamnophilus trinitatis"],["14691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus canadensis canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname and coastal French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBD790C9",null,null,"Canada; error = Cayenne, by designation of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 70.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius canadensis"],["14692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sakesphorus canadensis loretoyacuensis","(Bartlett, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC380E47",null,null,"Loretoyacu, Peruvian Amazon.","On some Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. J. Hauxwell in Eastern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/452/mode/1up","Thamnophilus loretoyacuensis"],["14693","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius doliatus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 301).  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f46.item","Thamnophilus"],["14694","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus schistaceus","d'Orbigny, 1838","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 30, Oiseaux p.170","Plain-winged Antshrike","Plain-winged Antshrike","Plain-winged Antshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to the Rio Tapajos in eastern Pará, south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701315","plwant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plwant1","avibase-1464C2B0",null,null,"… au sein des immenses forèts habitées par les Indiens yuracarès, voisines de Cochabamba",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/186/mode/1up","Thamnophilus schistaceus"],["14695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus schistaceus capitalis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.65,214",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern base of Andes of southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B342CA3",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/99/mode/1up","Thamnophilus capitalis"],["14696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus schistaceus schistaceus","d'Orbigny, 1838","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 30, Oiseaux p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia and southern Amazonian Brazil (south of lower Rio Juruá and middle Rio Purus, and east from Rio Madeira to Rio Tocantins, southward to Acre, Rondônia, northern and western Mato Grosso, and southern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0640E627",null,null,"… au sein des immenses forèts habitées par les Indiens yuracarès, voisines de Cochabamba",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/186/mode/1up","Thamnophilus schistaceus"],["14697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus schistaceus heterogynus","(Hellmayr, 1907)","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to south-central Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Japurá, middle Rio Jau, and both banks of the Amazon River from Rio Juruá and lower and middle Rio Purus eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EB686E8",null,null,"Tefe, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","On a collection of birds from Teffé, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/77/mode/1up","Dysithamnus schistaceus heterogynus"],["14698","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus murinus","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.750,756","Mouse-colored Antshrike","Mouse-colored Antshrike","Mouse-colored Antshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco basin, the Guianan shield, and the Amazon basin from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to southwestern Brazil and northern Bolivia; in eastern Brazil mainly north of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701318","mocant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mocant1","avibase-AE3CEAED",null,null,"Xeberos, Peru; Cayenne; Marabitanas, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaus], Brazil; Manaus accepted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/162/mode/1up","Thamnophilus murinus"],["14699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus murinus canipennis","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, western Brazil (east to Rio Japurá and, south of the Amazon River, to Rio Madeira), and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3FC4C36",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/179/mode/1up","Thamnophilus murinus canipennis"],["14700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus murinus cayennensis","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana and northeastern Amazonian Brazil north of the Amazon River (Amapá and northern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-580426A3",null,null,"Pied Saut, French Guiana.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/179/mode/1up","Thamnophilus murinus cayennensis"],["14701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus murinus murinus","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.750,756",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to the Guianas, Suriname, and Brazil north of the Amazon River (from both banks of upper Rio Negro eastward to at least northeastern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37AD20BC",null,null,"Xeberos, Peru; Cayenne; Marabitanas, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaus], Brazil; Manaus accepted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/162/mode/1up","Thamnophilus murinus"],["14702","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus","(Linnaeus, 1764)","Museum S:æ R:æ M:tis Adolphi Friderici Regis Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque (etc.) 2 p.12","Barred Antshrike","Barred Antshrike","Barred Antshrike",null,null,"deciduous to semi-deciduous woodland, arid scrub, secondary and riparian thickets, and gallery forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in northeastern Mexico southward across Central America (including the Yucatan Peninsula) to eastern Panama and northern Colombia, and western Panama southward in Colombia to the upper Cauca and Magdalena valleys, east of the Andes from northern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas southward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, the Amazon basin north of the Amazon River (mostly along major rivers), south of the Amazon River southward to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, and in the Cerrado from northeastern to southern Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701275","barant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barant1","avibase-484E85E3",null,null,"no locality; Surinam substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 70, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209402#page/748/mode/1up","Lanius doliatus"],["14703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus intermedius","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to Belize, Guatemala, and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D76AA31",null,null,"Truxillo, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/595/mode/1up","Thamnophilus intermedius"],["14704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus nesiotes","Wetmore, 1970","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 82 p.773",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (Gulf of Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34DFD8F3",null,null,"Río Cacique, Isla del Rey, Archipiélago de las Perlas, Panamá","Descriptions of additional forms of birds from Panamá and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107490#page/389/mode/1up","Thamnophilus doliatus nesiotes"],["14705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus eremnus","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC2EA9C6",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panamá","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/288/mode/1up","Thamnophilus doliatus eremnus"],["14706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus nigricristatus","Lawrence, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama (eastern Chiriquí and southern Veraguas to western San Blas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDF3B20B",null,null,"Lion Hill Station, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/115/mode/1up","Thamnophilus nigricristatus"],["14707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus albicans","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Colombia and south in Magdalena Valley to Huila",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61F65828",null,null,"Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/90/mode/1up","Thamnophilus albicans"],["14708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus nigrescens","Lawrence, 1867","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Colombia east of Andes and northwestern Venezuela north of Andes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94923B8B",null,null,"Venezuela.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/489/mode/1up","Thamnophilus nigrescens"],["14709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F90C00DE",null,null,"Plymouth, Tobago.","Further notes on South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/567/mode/1up","Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis"],["14710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus","(Linnaeus, 1764)","Museum S:æ R:æ M:tis Adolphi Friderici Regis Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque (etc.) 2 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil (far northern Amazonas on upper Rio Negro, Roraima, Amapá, and northern Pará from vicinity of Rio Trombetas eastward to Marajó Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D40618A",null,null,"no locality; Surinam substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 70, note.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209402#page/748/mode/1up","Lanius doliatus"],["14711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus difficilis","Hellmayr, 1903","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (eastern Maranhão to eastern Mato Grosso, Goiás, and western Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99165520",null,null,"Rio Claro, Goiaz [=Goiás], Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/224/mode/1up","Thamnophilus nigricristatus difficilis"],["14712","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus capistratus","Lesson, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Ceará to far northern Minas Gerais and central Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33DD4DAB",null,null,"Brazil.","Observations zoologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/236/mode/1up","Tamnophilus capistratus"],["14713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus radiatus","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, western and south-central Brazil (north bank of the Amazon River eastward to vicinity of Rio Trombetas and, south of the Amazon River, eastward to right bank of Rio Tapajós and Rio Aripuanã in western Pará and south to Acre, Mato Grosso do Sul, western Paraná and São Paulo), Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECA3AFF0",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/335/mode/1up","Thamnophilus radiatus"],["14714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus doliatus cadwaladeri","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Notulae Naturae no.44 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia (Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6467FB7",null,null,"Villa Montes, 2000 feet, Tarija, Bolivia.","Description of new Birds from Bolivia. Part III. Mesomyodi.",null,"Thamnophilus doliatus cadwaladeri"],["14715","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus torquatus","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.89","Rufous-winged Antshrike","Rufous-winged Antshrike","Rufous-winged Antshrike",null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Bolivia to northeastern Paraguay and eastern and central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701343","ruwant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwant2","avibase-D1798A01",null,null,"Urupe [Baia], Brazil.","XI. The characters and descriptions of several Birds belonging to the genus Thamnophilus","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/117/mode/1up","Thamnophilus torquatus"],["14716","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus ruficapillus","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.318","Rufous-capped Antshrike","Rufous-capped Antshrike",null,"2025-0823","Taxon <em>subfasciatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Thamnophilus ruficapillus</em> pending further research. Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that the <em>T. ruficapillus </em>complex is paraphyletic, but subspecies <em>subfasciatus </em>has not been sampled. Broader genetic sampling and formal bioacoustic analyses will be needed to better define species limits in this complex.","semi-humid forest, woodland and scrub in montane areas, also riparian woodland, thickets, and scrub from the Marañón Valley in northern Peru and again in the eastern slope of the Andes from southeastern Peru southward to northwestern Argentina; also in the Atlantic Forest region from central-eastern Brazil, in Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo, southward to northeastern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and Uruguay",null,null,null,"rucant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucant1","avibase-48FD5F69",null,null,"no locality; Corrientes suggested as type-locality by Hellmayr, 1924.","IX. Révision des espèces d'Oiseaux du genre Magalonyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/338/mode/1up","Thamnophilus ruficapillus"],["14717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus ruficapillus jaczewskii","Domaniewski, 1925","Bulletin International de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettres, Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles. Série B, Sciences Naturelles 1924 p.762",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Amazonas south of Río Marañón, Cajamarca, and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2EA1012",null,null,"Cutervo [Cajamarca], Peru.","Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Thamnophilus.",null,"Thamnophilus ruficapillus jaczewskii"],["14718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus ruficapillus marcapatae","Hellmayr, 1912","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft1 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08D131E3",null,null,"Chuhuasi, 7000 feet, 16 miles northerly of Ollachea, Andes of Carabaya, Puno, Peru.","Über neue und seltene Vögel aus Südperu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/176/mode/1up","Thamnophilus marcapatae"],["14719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus ruficapillus subfasciatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.357 pl.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of northwestern Bolivia (western Cochabamba and La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB45AD2C",null,null,"Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/445/mode/1up","Thamnophilus subfasciatus"],["14720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus ruficapillus cochabambae","(Chapman, 1921)","American Museum Novitates no.2 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, and Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C346C5EE",null,null,"Tujima, 8200 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4603/","Rhopochares cochabambae"],["14721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus ruficapillus ruficapillus","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE0D8EC7",null,null,"no locality; Corrientes suggested as type-locality by Hellmayr, 1924.","IX. Révision des espèces d'Oiseaux du genre Magalonyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/338/mode/1up","Thamnophilus ruficapillus"],["14722","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus zarumae","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.6","Chapman's Antshrike","Chapman's Antshrike","Chapman's Antshrike",null,null,"dry to semi-deciduous forest, woodland and scrub in southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) and northwestern Peru (Tumbes to southeastern Piura and eastern Lambayeque)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701280","chaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaant1","avibase-08E23D8A",null,null,"Zaruma, El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Thamnophilus zarumae"],["14723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus zarumae zarumae","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) and northwestern Peru (Tumbes and northeastern Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30576CAB",null,null,"Zaruma, El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Thamnophilus zarumae"],["14724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus zarumae palamblae","Zimmer, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.646 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Peru (southeastern Piura and eastern Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-734B8F17",null,null,"Palambla, 3900-6500 feet, Piura, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 9, The formicarian genus Thamnophilus. Part 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3857/","Thamnophilus doliatus palamblae"],["14725","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus multistriatus","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.82","Bar-crested Antshrike","Bar-crested Antshrike","Bar-crested Antshrike",null,null,"deciduous to humid forest and borders in the foothills of Sierra de Perijá and in the Andes of Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Patía and the Macizo Colombiano in southern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701285","bacant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacant2","avibase-33EA04F1",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/90/mode/1up","Thamnophilus multistriatus"],["14726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus multistriatus brachyurus","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia in western Andes and west slope of central Andes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20DAD951",null,null,"Caldas, Colombia.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/177/mode/1up","Thamnophilus multistriatus brachyurus"],["14727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus multistriatus selvae","Meyer de Schauensee, 1950","Notulae Naturae no.221 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia (upper Río San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1E0C95F",null,null,"La Selva, 6000 feet, Caldas, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Thamnophilus multistriatus selvae"],["14728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus multistriatus multistriatus","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (east slope of central Andes and west slope of eastern and southern Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46C654D2",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/90/mode/1up","Thamnophilus multistriatus"],["14729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus multistriatus oecotonophilus","Borrero H & Hernández-Camacho, 1958","Caldasia 8, no.37 p.263-267",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and Sierra de Perijá (western Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-462C3A7D",null,null,"Soatá, Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia; alt. 1700-2040 m","Apuntes sobre aves colombianas.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/33024/33051","Thamnophilus multistriatus oectonophilus"],["14730","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus","de Lafresnaye, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.339","Lined Antshrike","Lined Antshrike","Lined Antshrike",null,null,"humid montane forest and shrubby borders in the eastern Andes from northeastern Colombia southward to northern Peru, both north and south of the Río Marañón",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733849","linant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linant1","avibase-682A5E90",null,null,"Anolaima, Colombia.","Mélanges ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/369/mode/1up","Thamnophilus tenuepuntatus"],["14731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuepunctatus","de Lafresnaye, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of north-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32205A0F",null,null,"Anolaima, Colombia.","Mélanges ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/369/mode/1up","Thamnophilus tenuepuntatus"],["14732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuifasciatus","Lawrence, 1867","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of south-central Colombia (Putumayo) and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E45DCD4",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/488/mode/1up","Thamnophilus tenuifasciatus"],["14733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus berlepschi","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of southeastern Ecuador (southern Zamora-Chinchipe) and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D7FD7A",null,null,"Huambo, 3700 feet, and Chirimoto, 4500 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/32/mode/1up","Thamnophilus Berlepschi"],["14734","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus palliatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.46","Chestnut-backed Antshrike","Chestnut-backed Antshrike","Chestnut-backed Antshrike",null,null,"montane to lowland humid forest and shrubby borders in the foothills of the eastern Andes from central Peru southward to central Bolivia, and in the Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River, from northeastern Brazil southwestward to northeastern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil, in Paraiba, southward to northern São Paulo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733844","chbant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbant2","avibase-66CBE0A3",null,null,"Bahia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/66/mode/1up","Lanius palliatus"],["14735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus palliatus palliatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River and east of Rio Tapajós in northern Maranhão, southeastern Pará, and northeastern Mato Grosso, and coastal northeastern Brazil (Paraíba to northern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEF8424D",null,null,"Bahia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/66/mode/1up","Lanius palliatus"],["14736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus palliatus vestitus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (southern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83B97127",null,null,"Brazil, ex T amnophilus lineatus Spix, pl. 33.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/414/mode/1up","Lanius vestitus"],["14737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus palliatus puncticeps","Sclater, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to northern Bolivia and southern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River and west of Rio Tapajós (far southeastern Amazonas eastward to far southwestern Pará, southward to Rondônia and northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-061B3799",null,null,"Tilotilo and Consati, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34360#page/234/mode/1up","Thamnophilus puncticeps"],["14738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus palliatus similis","Zimmer, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.646 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru (Huánuco and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F487FD98",null,null,"Chelpes, 7300 feet, Junín, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 9, The formicarian genus Thamnophilus. Part 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3857/","Thamnophilus palliatus similis"],["14739","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus bridgesi","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.141","Black-hooded Antshrike","Black-hooded Antshrike","Black-hooded Antshrike",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701293","blhant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhant2","avibase-09D24802",null,null,"David, Chiriquí.","List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Bridges in the vicinity of the Town of David in the Province of Chiriqui in the State of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/179/mode/1up","Thamnophilus bridgesi"],["14740","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus atrinucha","Salvin & Godman, 1892","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.200","Black-crowned Antshrike","Black-crowned Antshrike","Black-crowned Antshrike",null,null,"humid forest from eastern Guatemala and Belize southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in interior Colombia to the upper Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729060","wesant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesant1","avibase-E61CE100",null,null,"Central America; Panama fixed as typelocality by Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, p. 1158.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/210/mode/1up","Thamnophilus atrinucha"],["14741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus atrinucha atrinucha","Salvin & Godman, 1892","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Belize and northeastern Guatemala to northwestern Peru and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E04BE15F",null,null,"Central America; Panama fixed as typelocality by Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, p. 1158.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/210/mode/1up","Thamnophilus atrinucha"],["14742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus atrinucha gorgonae","Thayer & Bangs, 1905","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 46, no.5 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Gorgona Island (off western Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFE3BACB",null,null,"Gorgona Island, Colombia","Vertebrata of Gorgona Island, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98450#page/113/mode/1up","Thamnophilus gorgonae"],["14743","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus bernardi","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.15 col.348","Collared Antshrike","Collared Antshrike","Collared Antshrike","2026-032","The status of <em>Thamnophilus shumbae</em> as a species separate from <em>T. bernardi </em>is reaffirmed (see also issue 2025-0821) based on available evidence. Consistent vocal differences (Schulenberg et al. 2007; Boesman 2016iii) and the absence of playback responses (see Remsen 2024b) provide the most compelling evidence, supported by differences in plumage and morphology. However, genome-wide DNA data (Oswald et al. 2017) identified hybrid genotypes across a broad area indicating further research is warranted.","deciduous forest and arid scrub from west-central Ecuador southward to northwestern Peru, including the upper Marañón Valley",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658059","colant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colant2","avibase-1E1D9DB7",null,null,"Guayaquil.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (18e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/124/mode/1up","Tamnophilus Bernardi"],["14744","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus shumbae","(Carriker, 1934)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 86 p.323","Maranon Antshrike","Marañon Antshrike","Maranon Antshrike","2026-032","The status of <em>Thamnophilus shumbae</em> as a species separate from <em>T. bernardi </em>is reaffirmed (see also issue 2025-0821) based on available evidence. Consistent vocal differences (Schulenberg et al. 2007; Boesman 2016iii) and the absence of playback responses (see Remsen 2024b) provide the most compelling evidence, supported by differences in plumage and morphology. However, genome-wide DNA data (Oswald et al. 2017) identified hybrid genotypes across a broad area indicating further research is warranted.","north-central Peru (Río Marañón drainage in Cajamarca and Amazonas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658063","colant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colant3","avibase-ACBE5FB2",null,null,"Shumba, 1500 feet, 20 miles north of Jaen, Cajamarca, Peru.","Description of new Birds from Peru, with notes on the nomenclature and status of other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064152","Sakesphorus bernardi shumbae"],["14745","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus amazonicus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.360 p.214 pl.139 fig.1,2","Amazonian Antshrike","Amazonian Antshrike","Amazonian Antshrike",null,null,"sandy-soil and flooded forest, woodland savanna, and tropical rainforest in the Guianas and easternmost Venezuela, and in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern and northeastern Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to eastern Maranhão and western Tocantins",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701335","amaant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amaant2","avibase-80DBA1ED",null,null,"'upper Amazons' [= Río Javary],","Synopsis of the American Ant-birds (Formicariidae). Part I. containing the Thamnophilinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/282/mode/1up","Thamnophilus amazonicus"],["14746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus amazonicus cinereiceps","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.76,141",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (both banks of upper Rio Negro and along west lower bank southward to the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E954946",null,null,"Marabitanas and Rio Vaupe, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/154/mode/1up","Thamnophilus cinereiceps"],["14747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus amazonicus divaricatus","Mees, 1974","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 48 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil north of the Amazon River (east of Rio Branco and Rio Negro, eastward to northern Pará and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-614CEE46",null,null,"Sipaliwini, Suriname","Additions to the avifauna of Suriname.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318902","Thamnophilus ruficollis divaricatus"],["14748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus amazonicus amazonicus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.360 p.214 pl.139 fig.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Brazil (south of the Amazon River) and west of Rio Tapajós (southern Amazonas and far western Pará southward to Acre, Rondônia, and western Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD2F36B4",null,null,"'upper Amazons' [= Río Javary],","Synopsis of the American Ant-birds (Formicariidae). Part I. containing the Thamnophilinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/282/mode/1up","Thamnophilus amazonicus"],["14749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus amazonicus obscurus","Zimmer, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.647 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (southern Pará between Rio Tapajós and Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C29C5203",null,null,"Tauary, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 10, The formicarian genus Thamnophilus. Part 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3859/","Thamnophilus amazonicus obscurus"],["14750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus amazonicus paraensis","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil (east of Rio Tocantins in eastern Pará, western Maranhão, and northern Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B076133",null,null,"Benevedes, Pará, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/180/mode/1up","Thamnophilus amazonicus paraensis"],["14751","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus melanonotus","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.285 p.19 pl.80","Black-backed Antshrike","Black-backed Antshrike","Black-backed Antshrike",null,null,"Caribbean slope of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (east to Miranda)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701263","blbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbant1","avibase-B72A9344",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","Characters of six new species of the genus Thamnophilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/767/mode/1up","Thamnophilus melanonotus"],["14752","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus divisorius","Whitney, Oren & Brumfield, 2004","The Auk 121, no.4 p.1031","Acre Antshrike","Acre Antshrike","Acre Antshrike",null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil in Serra do Divisor National Park",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733324","acrant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/acrant1","avibase-CB889A42",null,null,"Morro Queimado, in the Serra da Jaquirana (one of the easternmost ridges in the Serra do Divisor), above the left bank of the rio Moa in Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Municipality of Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil (07°26'36\"S, 73°40'28\"W); ~500 m","A new species of thamnophilus antshrike (aves: thamnophilidae) from the serra do divisor, acre, brazil","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/121/4/1031/5561971","Thamnophilus divisorius"],["14753","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus insignis","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.450","Streak-backed Antshrike","Streak-backed Antshrike","Streak-backed Antshrike",null,null,"humid montane forest in the tepuis of far southwestern Venezuela (Macizo de Sipapo in western Amazonas) and southern Venezuela, adjacent western Guyana, and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701332","stbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbant1","avibase-FC2ABAE9",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 5000 feet.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/506/mode/1up","Thamnophilus insignis"],["14754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus insignis insignis","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent western Guyana and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26086DBB",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 5000 feet.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/506/mode/1up","Thamnophilus insignis"],["14755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus insignis nigrofrontalis","Phelps & Phelps, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Venezuela (Macizo de Sipapo in western Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DFB96E7",null,null,"Cerro Paraque, 1600 meters, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Ten new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/159/mode/1up","Thamnophilus insignis nigrofrontalis"],["14756","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus melanothorax","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.133","Band-tailed Antshrike","Band-tailed Antshrike","Band-tailed Antshrike",null,null,"Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701266","batant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batant2","avibase-4AEAE517",null,null,"South America; Cayenne designated as type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool, 15, 1908, p. 161.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/145/mode/1up","Thamnophilus melanothorax"],["14757","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus nigriceps","Sclater, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.571","Black Antshrike","Black Antshrike","Black Antshrike",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama (Darién) and northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701296","blaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaant1","avibase-38B3D501",null,null,"Bogotá, error = Barranquilla (P) 1","Descriptions of some New or little-known Species of Formicarians.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/685/mode/1up","Thamnophilus nigriceps"],["14758","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus praecox","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.917 p.1","Cocha Antshrike","Cocha Antshrike","Cocha Antshrike",null,null,"northeastern Ecuador (locally along the Río Napo and its tributaries in eastern Napo and eastern Sucumbíos) and adjacent Colombia (locally in Putumayo and southwestern Caqueta); disjunctly in northern Peru (on the Canal de Puinahua, in south-central Loreto)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701299","cocant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocant1","avibase-21C497F4",null,null,"mouth of Lagarto Cocha, Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 25, Notes on the genera Thamnophilus, Thamnocharis, Gymnopithys, and Ramphocaenus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3845/","Thamnophilus praecox"],["14759","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus cryptoleucus","(Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (9), 8 p.30","Castelnau's Antshrike","Castelnau's Antshrike","Castelnau's Antshrike",null,null,"northeastern Ecuador to northern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701306","casant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casant1","avibase-E211C587",null,null,"Pebas, Peru-","Étude des espèces critiques et des types du groupe des Passereaux trachéophones de l'Amérique tropicale, appartenant aux collections du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99471#page/38/mode/1up","Myrmelastes cryptoleucus"],["14760","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.285 p.19 pl.81","Blackish-grey Antshrike","Blackish-gray Antshrike","Blackish-grey Antshrike",null,null,"llanos and riverine habitats from eastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela discontinuously eastward to French Guiana and northeastern Pará (northeastern Brazil), southward to western Amazonas and lower Río Tapajós",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701302","blgant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blgant2","avibase-41100533",null,null,"Pará, Brazil = Rio Tocantins.","Characters of six new species of the genus Thamnophilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/767/mode/1up","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus"],["14761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus cinereoniger","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.76,143",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela and rivers to Rio Negro of northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF6AB43D",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Rio Uaupes; Rio Amajau; Tapajoz; type from Rio Amajau fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/153/mode/1up","Thamnophilus cinereoniger"],["14762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus kulczynskii","(Domaniewski & Sztolcman, 1922)","Disciplinarum Biologicarum Archivum Societatis Scientiarum Varsoviensis 1 fasc.08 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern French Guiana and adjacent Brazil (far northern Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E91A442",null,null,"Ouassa, French Guiana.","Nouvelles formes d'oiseaux de la famille Formicariidae.",null,"Myrmelastes kulczynskii"],["14763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus nigrocinereus","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.285 p.19 pl.81",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (from near mouth of Rio Tapajós along lower Amazon River to Amapá and estuary islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52478098",null,null,"Pará, Brazil = Rio Tocantins.","Characters of six new species of the genus Thamnophilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/767/mode/1up","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus"],["14764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.76,141",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonas along lower Rio Madeira (west-central Brazil); isolated population in western Amazonas along Peru border near Leticia presumably this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18428DCD",null,null,"Borba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/151/mode/1up","Thamnophilus Tschudii"],["14765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus nigrocinereus huberi","Snethlage, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (western Pará along lower Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20333F22",null,null,"Ilha de Goyana, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós].","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/179/mode/1up","Thamnophilus huberi"],["14766","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.311","Variable Antshrike","Variable Antshrike","Variable Antshrike","2026-098","Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis is retained as a subspecies of <em>T. caerulescens</em> based on available evidence. <em>T. c. cearensis</em> is variably diagnosable based on female plumage, vocalizations, and genomics (Lima et al. 2025) as well as mitochondrial DNA (Bolívar-Leguizamón et al. 2020). However, plumage and vocal traits approach those of adjacent <em>bahiae</em> and playback results are equivocal, with <em>cearensis</em> responding to songs of distant <em>melanochrous</em>. Further research may support elevation of <em>cearensis</em> to a full species. In addition, we adopt the following subspecies revisions of Lima et al. (2025): synonymize <em>ochraceiventer</em> with nominate <em>caerulescens</em> based on a lack of consistently diagnosable characters; accept new subspecies <em>bahiae</em> based on female plumage. Lima et al. (2025) also proposed a new subspecies, <em>atricapillus</em>, but the name is nomenclaturally unavailable, and here is also discarded on taxonomic grounds as intermediate individuals seem to occur across its entire postulated range.","humid to deciduous forest borders, thickets, riparian shrubland, semi-deciduous scrub, bamboo stands, gallery forest, and restinga in the foothills of the Andes of northern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to northwestern Argentina, and in the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil (Ceará southward to Alagoas, and southern Bahia southward), Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701338","varant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varant1","avibase-6153F5B7",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/331/mode/1up","Thamnophilus caerulescens"],["14767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens melanchrous","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.16,18 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Amazonas south of Río Marañón to northern Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A02B2E2F",null,null,"Huiro, 4800 feet, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part IX.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90509#page/22/mode/1up","Thamnophilus melanochrous"],["14768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens aspersiventer","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) to west-central Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BA2BBF4",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/126/mode/1up","Tamnophilus aspersiventer"],["14769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens dinellii","Berlepsch, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7B5C121",null,null,"Santa Ana, Sierra de Santiago, Tucumán'; error, according to Hellmayr the type is from Estancia Isca Yacu, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.","On seven new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/125/mode/1up","Thamnophilus dinellii"],["14770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens paraguayensis","Hellmayr, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia, northern Paraguay, and southern Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-995498C2",null,null,"Colonia Risso, Río Apa, Paraguay.","On new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/537/mode/1up","Thamnophilus paraguayensis"],["14772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Brazil (eastern Paraná and southeastern São Paulo southward to Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina (east of Río Paraná, except Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0CB2D4B",null,null,"Curytiba, Paraná, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/86/mode/1up","Thamnophilus gilvigaster"],["14773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.311",null,null,null,"2026-098","Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis is retained as a subspecies of <em>T. caerulescens</em> based on available evidence. <em>T. c. cearensis</em> is variably diagnosable based on female plumage, vocalizations, and genomics (Lima et al. 2025) as well as mitochondrial DNA (Bolívar-Leguizamón et al. 2020). However, plumage and vocal traits approach those of adjacent <em>bahiae</em> and playback results are equivocal, with <em>cearensis</em> responding to songs of distant <em>melanochrous</em>. Further research may support elevation of <em>cearensis</em> to a full species. In addition, we adopt the following subspecies revisions of Lima et al. (2025): synonymize <em>ochraceiventer</em> with nominate <em>caerulescens</em> based on a lack of consistently diagnosable characters; accept new subspecies <em>bahiae</em> based on female plumage. Lima et al. (2025) also proposed a new subspecies, <em>atricapillus</em>, but the name is nomenclaturally unavailable, and here is also discarded on taxonomic grounds as intermediate individuals seem to occur across its entire postulated range.","eastern Brazil from Minas Gerais to southeastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD9F70FE",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/331/mode/1up","Thamnophilus caerulescens"],["14774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens bahiae","Lima & Silveira, 2025","Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 205, no.2 zlaf129",null,null,null,"2026-098","Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis is retained as a subspecies of <em>T. caerulescens</em> based on available evidence. <em>T. c. cearensis</em> is variably diagnosable based on female plumage, vocalizations, and genomics (Lima et al. 2025) as well as mitochondrial DNA (Bolívar-Leguizamón et al. 2020). However, plumage and vocal traits approach those of adjacent <em>bahiae</em> and playback results are equivocal, with <em>cearensis</em> responding to songs of distant <em>melanochrous</em>. Further research may support elevation of <em>cearensis</em> to a full species. In addition, we adopt the following subspecies revisions of Lima et al. (2025): synonymize <em>ochraceiventer</em> with nominate <em>caerulescens</em> based on a lack of consistently diagnosable characters; accept new subspecies <em>bahiae</em> based on female plumage. Lima et al. (2025) also proposed a new subspecies, <em>atricapillus</em>, but the name is nomenclaturally unavailable, and here is also discarded on taxonomic grounds as intermediate individuals seem to occur across its entire postulated range.","Bahia and far northeastern Minas Gerais (north-central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8826406",null,null,"Barra do Choça, Bahia (14°54'47''S, 40°32'03''W), collected on 2 April 2023 by L.F. Silveira and R.D. Lima","Geographic variation, population genetic structure, and taxonomy of the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens).","https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf129","Thamnophilus caerulescens bahiae"],["14775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis","(Cory, 1919)","The Auk 36, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,"2026-098","Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis is retained as a subspecies of <em>T. caerulescens</em> based on available evidence. <em>T. c. cearensis</em> is variably diagnosable based on female plumage, vocalizations, and genomics (Lima et al. 2025) as well as mitochondrial DNA (Bolívar-Leguizamón et al. 2020). However, plumage and vocal traits approach those of adjacent <em>bahiae</em> and playback results are equivocal, with <em>cearensis</em> responding to songs of distant <em>melanochrous</em>. Further research may support elevation of <em>cearensis</em> to a full species. In addition, we adopt the following subspecies revisions of Lima et al. (2025): synonymize <em>ochraceiventer</em> with nominate <em>caerulescens</em> based on a lack of consistently diagnosable characters; accept new subspecies <em>bahiae</em> based on female plumage. Lima et al. (2025) also proposed a new subspecies, <em>atricapillus</em>, but the name is nomenclaturally unavailable, and here is also discarded on taxonomic grounds as intermediate individuals seem to occur across its entire postulated range.","northeastern Brazil (Ceará, Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0360EDF1",null,null,"Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brazil.","Descriptions of new birds from South America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss1/10/","Erionotus cearensis"],["14776","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus unicolor","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.141","Uniform Antshrike","Uniform Antshrike","Uniform Antshrike",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of Colombia southward along the western Andes to southwestern Ecuador; in the eastern Andes from southeastern Ecuador southward to east-central Peru, and again in southeastern Peru, in Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701312","uniant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uniant2","avibase-77152019",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/201/mode/1up","Dysithamnus unicolor"],["14777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus unicolor unicolor","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08D1252A",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/201/mode/1up","Dysithamnus unicolor"],["14778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus unicolor grandior","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru (south to northern San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DB7AA64",null,null,"San Antonio and \"Bogotá\", Colombia","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/102/mode/1up","Thamnophilus unicolor grandior"],["14779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus unicolor caudatus","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (southern San Martín south locally to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61853899",null,null,"Río Jelashte, 5000 feet, San Martin, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Thamnophilus unicolor caudatus"],["14780","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aroyae","(Hellmayr, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.52","Upland Antshrike","Upland Antshrike","Upland Antshrike",null,null,"lower Andean slopes of far southeastern Peru (Puno) and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701322","uplant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uplant1","avibase-360A0ADB",null,null,"La Aroya [= Oroya], Inambari Valley, 3000 feet, Marcapata district, Peru.","On new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/536/mode/1up","Dysithamnus aroyae"],["14781","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.65","White-shouldered Antshrike","White-shouldered Antshrike","White-shouldered Antshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest and dense thickets in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela to southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia; in Brazil absent from the northeast, north of the Amazon River, and patchily in the western side of the Rio Negro, including northeastern Peru and southeastern Colombia; also isolated in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, in Pernambuco and Alagoas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701309","whsant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsant2","avibase-2ABCDA03",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/99/mode/1up","Thamnophilus aethiops"],["14782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops aethiops","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F44038D",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/99/mode/1up","Thamnophilus aethiops"],["14783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops wetmorei","Meyer de Schauensee, 1945","Notulae Naturae no.153 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of southeastern Colombia (western Meta to eastern Cauca and western Putumayo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D056A9E8",null,null,"La Morelia, Caquetá, Colombia.","Notes on Colombian Antbirds, Ovenbirds and Woodhewers, with the description of a new form from Peru.",null,"Thamnophilus aethiops wetmorei"],["14784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.77,146",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (northern Roraima, and Rio Negro in upper drainage and on western bank of lower stretches southward to Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9666F81E",null,null,"Marabitanas and Barcellos; type from Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/157/mode/1up","Thamnophilus polionotus"],["14785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni","Seilern-Aspang, 1913","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft4 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil (Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4006B7DD",null,null,"Yahuarmayo, 1200 feet, Carabaya, Peru.","Beschreibung zweier Vogelformen aus Süd-Ost-Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/297/mode/1up","Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni"],["14786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops juruanus","Ihering, 1905","Revista do Museu Paulista 6[\"1904\"], pt2 p.439, pl.16 fig.1a,1b",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (south of the Amazon River from Rio Juruá to Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7670AEF0",null,null,"Rio Juruá, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41887#page/447/mode/1up","Thamnophilus juruanus"],["14787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops injunctus","Zimmer, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.646 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9195BD2E",null,null,"Rosarinho, Lago Sampaio, left bank of Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 9, The formicarian genus Thamnophilus. Part 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3857/","Thamnophilus aethiops injunctus"],["14788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.77,146",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil south of the Amazon River between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós (south to Rondônia and northwestern Mato Grosso), and far northeastern Bolivia (northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38CCA838",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/156/mode/1up","Thamnophilus punctuliger"],["14789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops atriceps","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to Rio Xingú)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7ED1FE8",null,null,"Miritituba, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/178/mode/1up","Thamnophilus incertus atriceps"],["14790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops incertus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.78,149",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Rio Tocantins to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFF6BAD4",null,null,"Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/159/mode/1up","Thamnophilus incertus"],["14791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus aethiops distans","Pinto, 1954","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 12 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ED02871",null,null,"São Miguel dos Campos, sudeste de Alagoas, Brasil.","Resultados ornitologicos de duas viagens cientificas ao Estado de Alagoas.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208557","Thamnophilus aethiops distans"],["14792","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus stictocephalus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.77,146","Natterer's Slaty Antshrike","Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike","Natterer's Slaty Antshrike",null,null,"humid to deciduous, semi-deciduous, and sandy-soil forest in the Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River, from northeastern Brazil, in eastern Pará, southwestward to south-central Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733334","natsla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/natsla1","avibase-1DE98ED1",null,null,"São Vicente [Mato Grosso], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/156/mode/1up","Thamnophilus stictocephalus"],["14793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus stictocephalus stictocephalus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.77,146",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Brazil south of the Amazon River and far northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2590F248",null,null,"São Vicente [Mato Grosso], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/156/mode/1up","Thamnophilus stictocephalus"],["14794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus stictocephalus parkeri","Isler, Isler & Whitney, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Bolivia (Serranía de Huanchaca in northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDAB0D99",null,null,"Serrania de Huanchaca, 21 km southeast of Catarata Arco Iris (see Bates et al. 1992), Santa Cruz, Bolivia, elevation 670 m.","Biogeography and systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus (Thamnophilidae) complex.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Thamnophilus stictocephalus parkeri"],["14795","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus punctatus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.327","Northern Slaty Antshrike","Northern Slaty-Antshrike","Northern Slaty Antshrike",null,null,"humid to deciduous forest, white-sand forest, savanna woodland, and gallery forest in the foothills of the Andes in southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia; in eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and easternmost Colombia southward to the eastern Amazon basin in northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River; also isolated in the dry Marañón and Huallaga valleys in northern Peru and adjacent southeastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701325","norsla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norsla1","avibase-3B9B9B3E",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/451/mode/1up","Lanius punctatus"],["14796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern base of Andes of western Venezuela and adjacent Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F960B24",null,null,"Bogotá; type a trade skin.","Further notes on South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/566/mode/1up","Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus"],["14797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4573E642",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/451/mode/1up","Lanius punctatus"],["14798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Río Marañón drainage in far southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (Amazonas and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6597CAB9",null,null,"Guajanco and Perico, upper R. Marañon, northern Peru","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/112/mode/1up","Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster"],["14799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus punctatus huallagae","Carriker, 1934","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 86 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Río Huallaga drainage in San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37612A65",null,null,"El Tingo, Río Huallaga, San Martin, Peru.","Description of new Birds from Peru, with notes on the nomenclature and status of other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064152","Thamnophilus amazonicus huallagae"],["14800","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus pelzelni","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.96","Planalto Slaty Antshrike","Planalto Slaty-Antshrike","Planalto Slaty Antshrike",null,null,"plateau region of central and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733327","plasla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plasla1","avibase-220DDF4B",null,null,"Abrilongo, near Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/114/mode/1up","Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni"],["14801","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus ambiguus","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.5 p.91","Sooretama Slaty Antshrike","Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike","Sooretama Slaty Antshrike",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733317","soosla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soosla1","avibase-69CB03CA",null,null,"Minas Gerais; Hellmayr considers the type locality to be in the vicinity of Campos, on the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro.","XI. The characters and descriptions of several Birds belonging to the genus Thamnophilus","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/119/mode/1up","[Thamnophilus naevius] var. a? T. ambiguus"],["14802","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Thamnophilus sticturus","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.76,144","Bolivian Slaty Antshrike","Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike","Bolivian Slaty Antshrike",null,null,"central and eastern Bolivia, immediately adjacent Brazil, and northern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733341","bolsla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bolsla1","avibase-08F34A09",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/154/mode/1up","Thamnophilus sticturus"],["14803","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phaenostictus","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phlogopsis mcleannani [Lawrence, 1861]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/94/mode/1up","Phaenostictus"],["14804","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phaenostictus mcleannani","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.285","Ocellated Antbird","Ocellated Antbird","Ocellated Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Caribbean slope from northern Honduras southward to northwestern Colombia, and along the Pacific lowlands southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701971","oceant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oceant1","avibase-C2AB74DB",null,null,"Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Myiarchus and Phlogopsis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/305/mode/1up","Phlogopsis MeLeannani (sic)"],["14805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phaenostictus mcleannani saturatus","(Richmond, 1896)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1090 p.625",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Honduras to Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6964FCD2",null,null,"Río Escondido, 50 miles from Bluefields, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/711/mode/1up","Phlegopsis saturata"],["14806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phaenostictus mcleannani mcleannani","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7524FA8",null,null,"Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Myiarchus and Phlogopsis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/305/mode/1up","Phlogopsis MeLeannani (sic)"],["14807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phaenostictus mcleannani pacificus","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.321, footnote b",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3521165",null,null,"Bulun, 160 feet, Esmeraldas, n.w. Ecuador.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/339/mode/1up","Phaenostictus mcleannani pacificus"],["14808","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pithys","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 24 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pithys leucops [Vieillot, 1818]; type by subsequent monotypy (Vieillot, 1818, Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, 26, p. 520). = Pipra albifrons Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/160913#page/122/mode/1up","Pithys"],["14809","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pithys castaneus","Berlioz, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.90","White-masked Antbird","White-masked Antbird","White-masked Antbird",null,null,"northeastern Peru (lower Río Pastaza and lower Río Morona)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701859","whmant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whmant2","avibase-2F653920",null,null,"Andoas, lower Río Pastaza, Ecuador. Col. pl., Ois. et Rev. Franç. d'Orn. (n.s.), 18, 1948, frontisp., lower fig.","Description of a new species belonging to the family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/128/mode/1up","Pithys castanea"],["14810","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pithys albifrons","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.339","White-plumed Antbird","White-plumed Antbird","White-plumed Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the eastern base of the Andes of northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela southward to southeastern Peru and in the Amazon basin eastward to northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River; also in the Orinoco basin and Guiana Shield in eastern Venezuela, easternmost Colombia, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701856","whpant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whpant1","avibase-A7350D05",null,null,"Guiana = Cayenne, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/343/mode/1up","Pipra albifrons"],["14811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pithys albifrons albifrons","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (east bank of Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF61A255",null,null,"Guiana = Cayenne, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/343/mode/1up","Pipra albifrons"],["14812","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pithys albifrons peruvianus","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to western Venezuela, north-central Peru, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil (west of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0F7D9A8",null,null,"Monterico [ Ayacucho], Amable Maria; montana del Pangoa [Junín], and Chayavitas [Loreto], Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/83/mode/1up","Pithys albifrons peruviana"],["14813","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis","Agne & Pacheco, 2007","Revista Brasileria de Ornitologia 15(3) 484.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hypocnemis poecilinota [Cabanis, 1847]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Willisornis"],["14814","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis vidua","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.290","Xingu Scale-backed Antbird","Xingu Scale-backed Antbird",null,"2025-0824","Taxon <em>nigrigula </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Willisornis vidua</em> based on minor differences in vocalizations (Isler &amp; Whitney 2011), limited divergence in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Quaresma et al. 2022), and a lack of concordance between genetic patterns and recognized subspecies boundaries; further research needed.","tropical rainforest in the eastern Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River, from eastern Pará eastward to Maranhão and northeastern Tocantins and southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,"scbant8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbant8","avibase-0B0F97FD",null,null,"Igarapé-assu, 50 meters, Pará, Brazil.","Notes on a collection of birds, made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Parà, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/304/mode/1up","Hypocnemis vidua"],["14815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis vidua nigrigula","(Snethlage, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil, from the east bank of the Rio Canumã to both banks of Rio Tapajós, and the east bank of the Rio Teles Pires",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B313E8E",null,null,"Boim, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/54/mode/1up","Hypocnemis poecilonota nigrigula"],["14816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis vidua vidua","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Xingú to western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CFEBCF8",null,null,"Igarapé-assu, 50 meters, Pará, Brazil.","Notes on a collection of birds, made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Parà, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/304/mode/1up","Hypocnemis vidua"],["14817","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis poecilinotus","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.213 pl.4 fig.2,3","Common Scale-backed Antbird","Common Scale-backed Antbird","Common Scale-backed Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to south-central Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658813","scbant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbant3","avibase-92F221D7",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/221/mode/1up","Hypocnemis poecilonota"],["14818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis poecilinotus poecilinotus","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.213 pl.4 fig.2,3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (Roraima and eastward from lower Rio Negro to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13DE061E",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/221/mode/1up","Hypocnemis poecilonota"],["14819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis poecilinotus duidae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (lower Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46756CB4",null,null,"foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Hylophylax lepidonota duidae"],["14820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis poecilinotus lepidonota","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (south to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9A7C3D7",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador, and 'upper Amazons.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/224/mode/1up","Hypocnemis lepidonota"],["14821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis poecilinotus griseiventris","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 p.89 (nomen nudum), 167",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil (eastward from Rio Juruá to both banks of Rio Madeira and drainage of Rio Aripuanã, Rondônia, and western Mato Grosso west of Rio Teles Pires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19A91874",null,null,"Villa Maria; Engenho do Gama; Borba; the Borba specimen designated as the type by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 314.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/177/mode/1up","Pithys griseiventris"],["14822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Willisornis poecilinotus gutturalis","(Todd, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru and adjacent western Brazil (eastward to lower Rio Juruá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-430CF341",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/200/mode/1up","Hylophylax gutturalis"],["14823","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiothera nigromaculata [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 42).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/137/mode/1up","Phlegopsis"],["14824","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis erythroptera","(Gould, 1855)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.15, no.89 p.345","Reddish-winged Bare-eye","Reddish-winged Bare-eye","Reddish-winged Bare-eye",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southern Venezuela and southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to the Rio Negro, in eastern Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701955","rwbeye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rwbeye1","avibase-17870D49",null,null,"interior of British Guiana; error = Rio Negro, Brazil, suggested by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 318.","XXXIII. Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19416#page/375/mode/1up","Formicarius erythropterus"],["14825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis erythroptera erythroptera","(Gould, 1855)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.15, no.89 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil (eastward to both banks of upper and west bank of lower Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A10610D5",null,null,"interior of British Guiana; error = Rio Negro, Brazil, suggested by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 318.","XXXIII. Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19416#page/375/mode/1up","Formicarius erythropterus"],["14826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis erythroptera ustulata","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.175-176",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to southwestern Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas eastward to Rio Madeira) and far northwestern Bolivia (northwestern Pando)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06A9EE62",null,null,"Arima, Rio Purus, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/201/mode/1up","Phlegopsis erythroptera ustulata"],["14827","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis borbae","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.53","Pale-faced Bare-eye","Pale-faced Bare-eye","Pale-faced Bare-eye",null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (between the Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós, southward to the Rio Aripuanã)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701960","pafant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pafant1","avibase-1154B900",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Exhibition and description of six new species and subspecies from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/477/mode/1up","Phlegopsis borbae"],["14828","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis nigromaculata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.14","Black-spotted Bare-eye","Black-spotted Bare-eye","Black-spotted Bare-eye",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia and south-central Brazil, and eastward to northeastern Brazil, in eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão, south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701945","bsbeye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bsbeye1","avibase-6FC078E5",null,null,"Guayaros, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/130/mode/1up","Myothera nigro-maculata"],["14829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis nigromaculata nigromaculata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8678D075",null,null,"Guayaros, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/130/mode/1up","Myothera nigro-maculata"],["14830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Madeira eastward to Rio Xingu, southward to Rondônia and western and northern Mato Grosso) and northeastern Bolivia (northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98667BA1",null,null,"Diamantina Mt., near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/538/mode/1up","Phlogopsis bowmani"],["14831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis nigromaculata confinis","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.558 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Xingú to Rio Tocantins and Rio Araguaia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BB837CF",null,null,"Tapara, right bank of the Rio Xingu, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 7. The genera Pygiptila, Megastictus, Dysithamnus, Thamnomanes, Cercomacra and Phlegopsis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4133/","Phlegopsis nigro-maculata confinis"],["14832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis","Hellmayr, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tocantins to western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-405D718D",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.","Beschreibung einer neuen Phlegopsis-Art aus Brasilien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/69/mode/1up","Phlegopsis paraensis"],["14833","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Oneillornis","Isler, Bravo & Brumfield, 2014","Wilson Journal of Ornithology 126(4) 635-648.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pithys lunulata [Sclater & Salvin 1873]; type by original designation.",null,"Systematics of the obligate ant-following clade of antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae).",null,"Oneillornis"],["14834","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Oneillornis lunulatus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.276 pl.26","Lunulated Antbird","Lunulated Antbird","Lunulated Antbird",null,null,"locally in eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (west of Río Napo and Río Ucayali)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701879","lunant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lunant2","avibase-C3D6FB50",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.","On the Birds of Eastern Peru. With Notes on the Habits of the Birds, by Edward Bartlett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/354/mode/1up","Pithys lunulata"],["14835","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Oneillornis salvini","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.98","White-throated Antbird","White-throated Antbird","White-throated Antbird",null,null,"eastern Peru to southwestern Amazonian Brazil and central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701887","whtant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtant1","avibase-CE51E244",null,null,"San Mateo, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/108/mode/1up","Pithys salvini"],["14836","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys","Bonaparte, 1857","Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 2 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus pectoralis [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Turdus rufigula Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,null,"Gymnopithys"],["14837","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys rufigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39","Rufous-throated Antbird","Rufous-throated Antbird","Rufous-throated Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco basin and the Guiana Shield from eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to the Amazon basin in northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River and west to the Rio Negro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701869","rutant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutant4","avibase-2AE442D9",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 644, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Turdus rufigula"],["14838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys rufigula pallidus","(Cherrie, 1909)","Science Bulletin, The Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 (16) p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Bolívar and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47F092E8",null,null,"Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela.","New birds from the Orinoco Region and from Trinidad.",null,"Anoplops rufigula palidus"],["14839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys rufigula pallidigula","Phelps & Phelps, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.33 p.155-156",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of far southern Venezuela (Pica Yavita-Pimichín environs)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5239E10A",null,null,"Campamento la Cruz, 150 meters, Yavita-Pimichin portage, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Ten new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/161/mode/1up","Gymnopithys rufigula pallidigula"],["14840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys rufigula rufigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and eastern Brazil north of the Amazon River (Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D39D945",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 644, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Turdus rufigula"],["14841","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys leucaspis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.253 pl.70","White-cheeked Antbird","White-cheeked Antbird","White-cheeked Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from central-eastern Colombia southward to northeastern Peru and eastward in Brazil to eastern Amazonas, west of the Rio Negro and north of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730404","whcant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcant1","avibase-235DE47B",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru, 'Bogotá'; and Cobati on the Río Negro. Villavicencio suggested as type locality by Niceforo, Caldasia, 4, no. 19, 1947, p. 345.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds of the Sub-family Formicarinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/581/mode/1up","Myrmeciza leucaspis"],["14842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys leucaspis leucaspis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.253 pl.70",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-592B002C",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru, 'Bogotá'; and Cobati on the Río Negro. Villavicencio suggested as type locality by Niceforo, Caldasia, 4, no. 19, 1947, p. 345.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds of the Sub-family Formicarinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/581/mode/1up","Myrmeciza leucaspis"],["14843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys leucaspis castaneus","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.917 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (north of the Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45791810",null,null,"Río Suno, Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 25. Notes on the genera Thamnophilus, Thamnocharis, Gymnopythis and Ramphocaenus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3845/","Gymnopithys leucaspis castanea"],["14844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys leucaspis peruanus","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.917 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Amazonian Peru (south of the Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A373AE5C",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 25. Notes on the genera Thamnophilus, Thamnocharis, Gymnopythis and Ramphocaenus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3845/","Gymnopithys leucaspis peruana"],["14845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys leucaspis lateralis","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (eastern Caquetá eastward to southern Guainía, southward to Amazonas), far northeastern Peru (east of Río Napo), and northwestern Amazonian Brazil north of the Amazon River (eastward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-430A1097",null,null,"Manacapuru, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/200/mode/1up","Gymnopithys leucaspis lateralis"],["14846","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys bicolor","(Lawrence, 1863)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.6","Bicolored Antbird","Bicolored Antbird","Bicolored Antbird",null,null,"humid forest from the Caribbean slope of northern Honduras and the Pacific slope of Costa Rica southward to eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia, in interior Colombia southward to the middle Magdalena Valley, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730409","bicant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bicant2","avibase-0351F4F2",null,null,"Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 4.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/26/mode/1up","Pithys bicolor"],["14847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys bicolor olivascens","(Ridgway, 1891)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.868 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Honduras to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E091FCA",null,null,"Santa Ana, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/541/mode/1up","Pithys bicolor olivascens"],["14848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys bicolor bicolor","(Lawrence, 1863)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia (Pacific slope in Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD8EB96F",null,null,"Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 4.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/26/mode/1up","Pithys bicolor"],["14849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys bicolor daguae","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia (southern Chocó to Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-449A724D",null,null,"El Paillon [ = Pailon], near Buenaventura, Valle, Colombia.","Exhibition of seven new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/109/mode/1up","Gymnopithys bicolor daguae"],["14850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys bicolor aequatorialis","(Hellmayr, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7757E0F0",null,null,"Lita, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Zwei neue Formicariiden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/53/mode/1up","Pithys bicolor aequatorialis"],["14851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnopithys bicolor ruficeps","Salvin & Godman, 1892","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.222, note",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central Colombia (Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0A396E5",null,null,"Cauca Valley = Río Nechi, Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/232/mode/1up","Gymnopithys ruficeps"],["14852","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10 p.525",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rhegmatorhina gymnops [Ridgway, 1888]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/539/mode/1up","Rhegmatorhina"],["14853","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina cristata","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.166","Chestnut-crested Antbird","Chestnut-crested Antbird","Chestnut-crested Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701898","chcant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcant1","avibase-4CFC491A",null,null,"Rio Uaupes, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/176/mode/1up","Pithys cristata"],["14854","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina melanosticta","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.160","Hairy-crested Antbird","Hairy-crested Antbird","Hairy-crested Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to the Rio Madeira, in eastern Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701895","hacant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hacant1","avibase-64B07D94",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/224/mode/1up","Pithys melanosticta"],["14855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina melanosticta melanosticta","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia (base of Andes from Meta southward to Putumayo and Amazonas), eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru (north of Amazon in vicinity of Río Napo and north of Río Marañón).",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05339F1B",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/224/mode/1up","Pithys melanosticta"],["14856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina melanosticta brunneiceps","Chapman, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.332 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru south of Río Marañón and west of Río Ucayali (San Martín southward to northern Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75440E26",null,null,"Río Seco, 3000 feet, 30 miles west of Moyobamba, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3734/","Rhegmatorhina brunneiceps"],["14857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina melanosticta purusiana","(Snethlage, 1908)","Boletim do Museu Goeldi de Historia Natural e Ethnographia 5, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C58ADF90",null,null,"Cachoeira, Rio Punis, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98156#page/75/mode/1up","Gymnopithys purusianus"],["14858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina melanosticta badia","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.584 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58CD04FC",null,null,"La Pampa, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 8. The Formicarian genera Cymbilaimus, Thamnistes, Terenura, Percnostola, Formicarius, Chamaeza and Rhegmatorhina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4181/","Rhegmatorhina melanosticta badia"],["14859","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina gymnops","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.525","Bare-eyed Antbird","Bare-eyed Antbird","Bare-eyed Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós to Rio Iriri, southward to Mato Grosso)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701907","baeant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baeant1","avibase-B02C4DCC",null,null,"Diamantina Mts., near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/539/mode/1up","Rhegmatorhina gymnops"],["14860","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina berlepschi","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.162","Harlequin Antbird","Harlequin Antbird","Harlequin Antbird",null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (near west bank of lower Rio Tapajós)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701904","harant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harant1","avibase-3B465A69",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/180/mode/1up","Anoplops berlepschi"],["14861","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi","(Hellmayr, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.52","White-breasted Antbird","White-breasted Antbird","White-breasted Antbird",null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil to western Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701901","whbant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbant5","avibase-219B34AC",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Exhibition and description of six new species and subspecies from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/476/mode/1up","Anoplops hoffmannsi"],["14862","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.362 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cercomacra caerulescens [Sclater, PL, 1858]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 263). = Cercomacra brasiliana Hellmayr, 1905",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/322/mode/1up","Cercomacra"],["14863","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra manu","Fitzpatrick & Willard, 1990","The Auk 107, no.2 p.239-245,front.","Manu Antbird","Manu Antbird","Manu Antbird",null,null,"locally in southeastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, and southern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701689","manant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manant1","avibase-AACD51BD",null,null,"12°33' S, 71°17'W., alto Río Madre de Dios, Madre de Dios, Perú.","Cercomacra manu, a new species of antbird from southwestern Amazonia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol107/iss2/1/","Cercomacra manu"],["14864","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra brasiliana","Hellmayr, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.289","Rio de Janeiro Antbird","Rio de Janeiro Antbird","Rio de Janeiro Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and eastern Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701666","rdjant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rdjant1","avibase-035EB456",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","Notes on a collection of birds, made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Parà, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/303/mode/1up","Cercomacra brasiliana"],["14865","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra cinerascens","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.131","Grey Antbird","Gray Antbird","Grey Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to south-central Brazil and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701662","gryant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryant2","avibase-E807EA75",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/143/mode/1up","Formicivora cinerascens"],["14866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra cinerascens cinerascens","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil (northern Amazonas, Roraima, and northern Pará west of Rio Nhamundá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC276F31",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/143/mode/1up","Formicivora cinerascens"],["14867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra cinerascens immaculata","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (Amapá, and northern Pará east of Rio Nhamundá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D5FB06E",null,null,"Supenaam River (male), and Great Falls of the Demerara River (female) , British Guiana.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/110/mode/1up","Cercomacra cinerascens immaculata"],["14868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra cinerascens sclateri","Hellmayr, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (mainly south of Amazon and Río Marañón, but occurs also north of latter), southwestern Amazonian Brazil (south of Amazon, eastward to Rio Madeira) and northwestern Bolivia (Pando, La Paz, Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A1F7B1F",null,null,"Confusion exists about the locality; Hellmayr mentioned Chyavetas [ = Chayavitas, Loreto], Peru; the correct locality appears to be Igarapé-Açu, 01 07 S, 47 37 W, Pará, Brazil on 28 April 1904","Notes on a collection of birds, made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Parà, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/300/mode/1up","Cercomacra sclateri"],["14869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra cinerascens iterata","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.558 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil (east of Rio Madeira to western Maranhão, southward to Rondônia, western Mato Grosso, and southern Pará) and northeastern Bolivia (northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE480C71",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 7, The genera Pygiptila, Megastictus, Dysithamnus, Thamnomanes, Cercomacra, and Phlegopsis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4133/","Ceromacra cinerascens iterata"],["14870","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra melanaria","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg (6), 1 p.500 pl.7,9 fig.c,2","Mato Grosso Antbird","Mato Grosso Antbird","Mato Grosso Antbird",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to south-central Brazil (Mato Grosso) and northern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701692","magant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magant1","avibase-2B0F30E3",null,null,"Minas Gerais; error = Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, by designation of Hellmayr, 1924, p. 224.",null,null,"Formicivora melanaria"],["14871","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra ferdinandi","Snethlage, 1928","Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 4, no.2 p.6, pl.","Bananal Antbird","Bananal Antbird","Bananal Antbird",null,null,"central Brazil (Bananal Island and right bank of Rio Javaés, Tocantins)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701677","banant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banant1","avibase-9140B2FF",null,null,"Furo de Pedra, Ilha do Bananal, Goiaz [=Goiás]; Journ. f. Orn., 76, no. 3, 5 July, 1928, p. 586.","Novas especies e subspecies de Aves do Brasil Central.","https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/28dcda10-abed-4038-ae8f-c8ec6f0e891f/content","Cercomacra ferdinandi"],["14872","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra nigricans","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.362 p.245","Jet Antbird","Jet Antbird","Jet Antbird",null,null,"eastern Panama (including Pearl Islands) to western Ecuador and eastern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701683","jetant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jetant1","avibase-88A9D9C5",null,null,"Colombia; type from Santa Marta.","Synopsis of the American Ant-birds (Formicariidae). Part II. containing the Formicivorinae or Ant-Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/323/mode/1up","Cercomacra nigricans"],["14873","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacra carbonaria","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.73,161","Rio Branco Antbird","Rio Branco Antbird","Rio Branco Antbird",null,null,"far northern Brazil (along Rio Branco) and adjacent Guyana",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701686","ribant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ribant1","avibase-35828EAF",null,null,"Rio Branco, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/173/mode/1up","Cercomacra carbonaria"],["14874","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides","Tello & Raposo, 2014","Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170.3 (2014) 546-565.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cercomacroides (= Pyriglena) tyrannina [Sclater, 1855]; comb. nov., Dusky Antbird (= Cercomacra tyrannina [Sclater], 1855); Type by original designation.",null,"Reassessment of the systematics of the widespread Neotropical genus Cercomacra (Aves: Thamnophilidae).","https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12116","Cercomacroides"],["14875","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides fuscicauda","(Zimmer, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.500 p.13","Riparian Antbird","Riparian Antbird","Riparian Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658612","blaant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaant5","avibase-C9654C40",null,null,"Lagarto, upper Río Ucayali, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 1, New and other birds from Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4240/","Cercomacra nigrescens fuscicauda"],["14876","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides nigrescens","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.10","Blackish Antbird","Blackish Antbird","Blackish Antbird",null,null,"montane forest borders, also vine thickets, bamboo stands, and river islands in the slopes of the eastern Andes in Ecuador and adjacent southern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru; in the Guianas and far northern Colombia, and in the eastern and southern Amazon basin from northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon River and west to the Rio Madeira, southward to south-central Brazil and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658606","blaant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaant4","avibase-580A07F8",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/18/mode/1up","Percnostola nigrescens"],["14877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides nigrescens nigrescens","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Suriname and French Guiana, and north bank of the Amazon River in Brazil (eastern Amazonas and Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6729E464",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/18/mode/1up","Percnostola nigrescens"],["14878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides nigrescens aequatorialis","(Zimmer, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.500 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"east Andean slope of southern Colombia to northeastern Peru (Amazonas and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CD6B033",null,null,"lower Sumaco, eastern Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 1, New and other birds from Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4240/","Cercomacra nigrescens aequatorialis"],["14879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides nigrescens notata","(Zimmer, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.500 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"east Andean slope of central Peru (western Ucayali to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2AFC14C",null,null,"Tulumayo, Junín, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 1, New and other birds from Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4240/","Cercomacra nigrescens notata"],["14880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides nigrescens approximans","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.85,158",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (from Rio Madeira eastward to Rio Tapajós, southward to Rondônia and Mato Grosso west of Rio Teles Pires) and eastern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F771A961",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/95/mode/1up","Cercomacra approximans"],["14881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides nigrescens ochrogyna","(Snethlage, 1928)","Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 4, no.2 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Amazonian Brazil (Pará east of Rio Tapajós and west of Rio Tocantins, Mato Grosso northeast of Rio Teles Pires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54CC435C",null,null,"Furo de Pedra, Rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso.","Novas especies e subspecies de Aves do Brasil Central.","https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/28dcda10-abed-4038-ae8f-c8ec6f0e891f/content","Cercomacra nigrescens ochrogyna"],["14882","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides laeta","(Todd, 1920)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.73","Willis's Antbird","Willis's Antbird","Willis's Antbird",null,null,"shrubby edges of tropical humid forest in the southern Guiana Shield in southern Guyana and northern Brazil; in easternmost Amazon basin, east of the Rio Tocantins, in northeastern Brazil, and in coastal northeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte southward to Alagoas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729229","wilant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilant1","avibase-AA418933",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/97/mode/1up","Cercomacra tyrannina laeta"],["14883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides laeta waimiri","(Bierregaard, Cohn-Haft & Stotz, 1997)","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Amazonian Brazil (eastern Roraima, northeastern Amazonas, and northwestern Pará) and far southern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B83ED27",null,null,"150 Km. al noreste de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.","Cryptic biodiversity: an overlooked species and new subspecies of antbird (Aves: Formicariidae) with a revision of Cercomacra tyrannina in northeastern South America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Cercomacra laeta waimiri"],["14884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides laeta laeta","(Todd, 1920)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil (eastern Pará and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4A5ECE3",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/97/mode/1up","Cercomacra tyrannina laeta"],["14885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides laeta sabinoi","(Pinto, 1939)","Boletim Biológico, Nova Série n.s., 4 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B04D59C",null,null,"Fazenda São Bento, Tapera, Pernambuco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194614#page/221/mode/1up","Cercomacra tyrannina sabinoi"],["14886","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides serva","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.66","Black Antbird","Black Antbird","Black Antbird",null,null,"southern Colombia east of Andes to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701680","blaant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaant2","avibase-E4E8CE6C",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/100/mode/1up","Pyriglena serva"],["14887","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides parkeri","(Graves, 1997)","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.21-35","Parker's Antbird","Parker's Antbird","Parker's Antbird",null,null,"Andes of west-central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724618","parant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parant2","avibase-C40F0FE2",null,null,"La Bodega, lado norte de Río Negrito, sobre el camino desde Sonsón a Nariño, en la cuesta este de la Cordillera Central, Antioquia, Colombia.","Colorimetric and morphometric gradients in Colombian populations of Dusky Antbirds (Cercomacra tyrannina), with a description of a new species, Cercomacra parkeri.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Cercomacra parkeri"],["14888","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides tyrannina","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.90 pl.98","Dusky Antbird","Dusky Antbird","Dusky Antbird",null,null,"shrubby edges of humid forest from southeastern Mexico southward through Central America to northwestern Colombia, west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador, and in interior Colombia southward to the middle Magdalena Valley; east of the Andes in the Sierra de Perijá, and the slopes of the Andes of western Venezuela southward to southeastern Colombia and eastward across the northern Amazon basin and Guiana Shield, north of the Amazon River, to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701669","dusant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusant1","avibase-7064BD02",null,null,"Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/872/mode/1up","Pyriglena tyrannina"],["14889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides tyrannina crepera","(Bangs, 1901)","The Auk 18, no.4 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36ECB93D",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí.","On a collection of birds made by W. W. Brown, Jr., at David and Divala, Chiriqui.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss4/5/","Cercomacra crepera"],["14890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides tyrannina tyrannina","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.90 pl.98",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama to western Ecuador, eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil (northern Amazonas west of lower Rio Negro, southward to Rio Japurá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C90C3D0A",null,null,"Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/872/mode/1up","Pyriglena tyrannina"],["14891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides tyrannina vicina","(Todd, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4355F5E4",null,null,"Palmar, Boyacá, Colombia.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/187/mode/1up","Cercomacra tyrannina vicina"],["14892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Cercomacroides tyrannina saturatior","(Chubb, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (Roraima and from east of lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AB29F0E",null,null,"Ituribisi River, British Guiana.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/111/mode/1up","Cercomacra tyrannina saturatior"],["14893","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sciaphylax","Bravo, Isler & Brumfield, 2013","Zootaxa 3717.4 (2013) 469-497.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myrmeciza hemimelaena [Sclater, PL, 1857]; type by original designation",null,"Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260762766","Sciaphylax"],["14894","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sciaphylax hemimelaena","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.329 p.48","Southern Chestnut-tailed Antbird","Chestnut-tailed Antbird","Southern Chestnut-tailed Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from northeastern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to northern and central Bolivia, and southwestern Brazil (eastward to the Rio Xingu, in central Pará, south of the Amazon River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733838","chtant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtant2","avibase-34774DAD",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to Mapiri, La Paz, by Gyldenstolpe, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl, 23, 1945, no. 1, p. 179.","Characters of some apparently New Species of American Ant-Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/60/mode/1up","Myrmeciza hemimelaena"],["14895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sciaphylax hemimelaena hemimelaena","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.329 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón) to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Madeira, southward to Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50FD2D24",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to Mapiri, La Paz, by Gyldenstolpe, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl, 23, 1945, no. 1, p. 179.","Characters of some apparently New Species of American Ant-Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/60/mode/1up","Myrmeciza hemimelaena"],["14896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sciaphylax hemimelaena pallens","(Berlepsch & Hellmayr, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira eastward to southwestern Pará, southward to Rondônia and western and northern Mato Grosso) to northeastern Bolivia (eastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80E3B467",null,null,"Villa Bella de Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","Studien über wenig bekannte Typen neotropischer Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/44/mode/1up","Myrmeciza hemimelaena pallens"],["14897","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sciaphylax castanea","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.545 p.23","Northern Chestnut-tailed Antbird","Zimmer's Antbird","Northern Chestnut-tailed Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from far southeastern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador southward to northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733153","zimant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zimant1","avibase-30B38306",null,null,"Río Negro, 2600 feet, 35 miles west of Moyobamba, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 6. The Formicarian genera Myrmoborus and Myrmeciza in Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4198/","Myrmeciza hemimelaena castanea"],["14898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sciaphylax castanea castanea","(Zimmer, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.545 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEDC862A",null,null,"Río Negro, 2600 feet, 35 miles west of Moyobamba, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 6. The Formicarian genera Myrmoborus and Myrmeciza in Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4198/","Myrmeciza hemimelaena castanea"],["14899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sciaphylax castanea centunculorum","(Isler, Álvarez Alonso, Isler et al., 2002)","The Auk 119, no.2 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D53B5B3A",null,null,"San Martín, Río Nanay, 03°54'S, 73°28'W, Loreto, Perú.","Rediscovery of a cryptic species and description of a new subspecies in the Myrmeciza hemimelaena complex (Thamnophilidae) of the neotropics","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/119/2/362/5562046","Myrmeciza castanea centunculorum"],["14900","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Formicarius cantator [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 42).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/220/mode/1up","Hypocnemis"],["14901","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis hypoxantha","Sclater, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.573 pl.43","Yellow-browed Antbird","Yellow-browed Antbird","Yellow-browed Antwarbler",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to east-central Peru (Ucayali), and southwestern Brazil (Acre), and in Brazil eastward to eastern Amazonia, between the Rio Tapajos and Rio Xingu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701734","yebant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebant3","avibase-95FD0D6C",null,null,"upper Amazons.","Descriptions of some New or little-known Species of Formicarians.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/687/mode/1up","Hypocnemis hypoxantha"],["14902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis hypoxantha hypoxantha","Sclater, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.573 pl.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil (north of the Amazon River eastward to west bank of Rio Negro, and south of the Amazon River in Rio Javari and upper Rio Juruá drainages)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A61DD020",null,null,"upper Amazons.","Descriptions of some New or little-known Species of Formicarians.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/687/mode/1up","Hypocnemis hypoxantha"],["14903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis hypoxantha ochraceiventris","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.2 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós to Rio Xingú)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EA34506",null,null,"Alto Mira, Rio Xingu, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4603/","Hypocnemis hypoxantha ochraceiventris"],["14904","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis subflava","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.65","Yellow-breasted Warbling Antbird","Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird","Yellow-breasted Antwarbler",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from north-central Peru, in southern San Martin, southward to southwestern Brazil and central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735485","yebwaa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebwaa1","avibase-9724D814",null,null,"Monterico [Río San Miguel, Ayacucho], Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/77/mode/1up","Hypocnemis subflava"],["14905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis subflava collinsi","Cherrie, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.23 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru (Ucayali to Puno) to west-central Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9191F59",null,null,"Todos Santos, Río Chapare, Bolivia.","New Birds from the collection of the Collins-Day Expedition to South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1385","Hypocnemis collinsi"],["14906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis subflava subflava","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills of eastern Peru (Huánuco to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1428C95A",null,null,"Monterico [Río San Miguel, Ayacucho], Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/77/mode/1up","Hypocnemis subflava"],["14907","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis flavescens","Sclater, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.609","Imeri Warbling Antbird","Imeri Warbling-Antbird","Imeri Antwarbler",null,null,"east-central Colombia to southern Venezuela and far northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735473","imewaa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/imewaa1","avibase-81724331",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/711/mode/1up","Hypocnemis flavescens"],["14908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis flavescens flavescens","Sclater, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36EF736A",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/711/mode/1up","Hypocnemis flavescens"],["14909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis flavescens perflava","Pinto, 1966","Cadernos da Amazônia No.8 p.112 [1-176]",null,null,null,null,null,"central Roraima (northern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C31ECF20",null,null,"Rio Mucajaí, afluente occidental del alto Rio Branco, Brasil","Estudo crítico e catálogo remissivo das aves de Território Federal de Roraima.",null,"Hypocnemis cantator perflava"],["14910","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis cantator","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44","Guianan Warbling Antbird","Guianan Warbling-Antbird","Guianan Antwarbler",null,null,"eastern Venezuela (northeastern Bolívar) to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735467","guiwaa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guiwaa1","avibase-C1CDE25A",null,null,"Cayenne; ex Daubenton, pl. 700, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Formicarius Cantatar"],["14911","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis peruviana","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.60","Peruvian Warbling Antbird","Peruvian Warbling-Antbird","Peruvian Antwarbler",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia and in Brazil eastward to eastern Amazonas, east to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735479","perwaa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perwaa1","avibase-8B45C539",null,null,"upper Ucayali = Yurimaguas, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/71/mode/1up","Hypocnemis cantator peruvianus"],["14912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis peruviana saturata","Carriker, 1930","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 82 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to northeastern Peru and west-central Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7B51D75",null,null,"Voca, Río Curaray, Ecuador = mouth of the Río Curaray, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064083","Hypocnemis cantator saturatus"],["14913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis peruviana peruviana","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru south of the Amazon River to northern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22A7DBA5",null,null,"upper Ucayali = Yurimaguas, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/71/mode/1up","Hypocnemis cantator peruvianus"],["14914","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis ochrogyna","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.538 p.14","Rondonia Warbling Antbird","Rondonia Warbling-Antbird","Rondonia Antwarbler",null,null,"eastern Bolivia (eastern Beni and Santa Cruz) and south-central Amazonian Brazil",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735491","ronwaa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ronwaa1","avibase-A1A3EF0B",null,null,"Tapirapoan, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 5, The genera Herpsilochmus, Microrhopias, Formicivora, Hypocnemis, Hypocnemoides, and Myrmochanes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4260/","Hypocnemis cantator ochrogyna"],["14915","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis rondoni","Whitney, Isler, Bravo et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world 17 p.282-285","Manicore Warbling Antbird","Manicore Warbling-Antbird","Manicore Antwarbler",null,null,"south-central Brazil, between the Rio Madeira/Rio Ji-Paraná and the Rio Aripuanã",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658788","manwaa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manwaa1","avibase-E911B7E9",null,null,"Brazil: Mato Grosso; left bank of the Rio Roosevelt in the Municipality of Colniza(09°07'54''S/60°42'31''W) at about 150 m elevation.","A new species of antbird in the Hypocnemis cantator complex from the Aripuanã-Machado interfluvium in central Amazonian Brazil","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/282-285_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Hypocnemis rondoni"],["14916","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis striata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.29, pl.40, f.2","Spix's Warbling Antbird","Spix's Warbling-Antbird","Spix's Antwarbler",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the eastern Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River, from northern Para southward to northern Mato Grosso, west to the Rio Madeira and east to the Rio Tapajos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735497","spiwaa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spiwaa1","avibase-9788D595",null,null,"no type locality; Santarem suggested as such by Zimmer, antea, p. 13.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/43/mode/1up","Thamnophilus striatus"],["14917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis striata implicata","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.538 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil, from the Rio Madeira/Rio Aripuanã eastward to the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F766D02",null,null,"Igarapé Auara (near Borba), Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 5, The genera Herpsilochmus, Microrhopias, Formicivora, Hypocnemis, Hypocnemoides, and Myrmochanes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4260/","Hypocnemis cantator implicata"],["14918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis striata striata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.29, pl.40, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to Rio Xingú, northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5ACFA63",null,null,"no type locality; Santarem suggested as such by Zimmer, antea, p. 13.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/43/mode/1up","Thamnophilus striatus"],["14919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemis striata affinis","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.538 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Xingú to Rio Tocantins, eastern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C9329A5",null,null,"Baião, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 5, The genera Herpsilochmus, Microrhopias, Formicivora, Hypocnemis, Hypocnemoides, and Myrmochanes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4260/","Hypocnemis cantator affinis"],["14920","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila","Swainson, 1824","The Zoological Journal 1, no.3 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymophila variegata [Such, 1824]; type by subsequent monotypy (Such, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 559). = Myiothera ferruginea Temminck, 1822  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/334/mode/1up","Drymophila"],["14921","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila squamata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.44","Scaled Antbird","Scaled Antbird","Scaled Antbird",null,null,"tropical humid forest in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco) southward to southern Brazil (northern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701640","scaant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaant2","avibase-ECED89A9",null,null,"Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/64/mode/1up","Myiothera squamata"],["14922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila squamata squamata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern Alagoas and eastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C26D7736",null,null,"Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/64/mode/1up","Myiothera squamata"],["14923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila squamata stictocorypha","(Boucard & Berlepsch, 1892)","The Humming Bird 2, no.6 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (eastern Minas Gerais to northeastern Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCFD0A68",null,null,"Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","List of birds collected by M. Hardy at Porto Real, Brazil, with description of one supposed new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127791#page/88/mode/1up","Formicivora stictocorypha"],["14924","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila genei","(de Filippi, 1847)","Museum Mediolanense: Animalia vertebrata, Classis II, Aves cl.2 Aves p.9,31","Rufous-tailed Antbird","Rufous-tailed Antbird","Rufous-tailed Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Minas Gerais, southern Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701620","rutant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutant1","avibase-E61F1309",null,null,"Brazil.",null,null,"Formicivora Genei"],["14925","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila ochropyga","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Kl2 22 p.663","Ochre-rumped Antbird","Ochre-rumped Antbird","Ochre-rumped Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia to Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701623","ocrant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocrant1","avibase-FE350DF7",null,null,"Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110344#page/775/mode/1up","Formicivora ochropyga"],["14926","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila malura","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.59, vol.2 pl.353 fig.1,2","Dusky-tailed Antbird","Dusky-tailed Antbird","Dusky-tailed Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to southeastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701637","dutant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dutant1","avibase-CD39AC6E",null,null,"Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/493/mode/1up","Myothera malura"],["14927","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila ferruginea","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.22, vol.2 pl.132 fig.3","Ferruginous Antbird","Ferruginous Antbird","Ferruginous Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia to northern Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais, São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701614","ferant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferant1","avibase-709726B5",null,null,"Brazil, vicinity of Rio de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 195",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/504/mode/1up","Myothera ferruginea"],["14928","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila rubricollis","(Bertoni, 1901)","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.140","Bertoni's Antbird","Bertoni's Antbird","Bertoni's Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to far eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701617","berant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/berant1","avibase-65F875D0",null,null,"Puerto Bertoni, alto Río Paraná, lat. 25° 47', Paraguay","Aves nuevas del Paraguay : continuación á Azara : (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) : descripción de las especies nuevas descubiertas por el Autor y contribuciones al estudio de la Avifauna Paraguaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/148/mode/1up","Formicivora rubricollis"],["14929","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila devillei","(Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (9), 8 p.38","Striated Antbird","Striated Antbird","Striated Antbird",null,null,"bamboo stands in tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin in southern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador, and from western Brazil, in southern state of Amazonas and southwestern Para, southward to southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and along the foothills of the Andes to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701629","strant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strant2","avibase-3C30F1FF",null,null,"northeastern Peru; error, the type is from the Department of Cusco.","Étude des espèces critiques et des types du groupe des Passereaux trachéophones de l'Amérique tropicale, appartenant aux collections du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99471#page/46/mode/1up","Formicivora devillei"],["14930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila devillei devillei","(Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (9), 8 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07A39A8D",null,null,"northeastern Peru; error, the type is from the Department of Cusco.","Étude des espèces critiques et des types du groupe des Passereaux trachéophones de l'Amérique tropicale, appartenant aux collections du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99471#page/46/mode/1up","Formicivora devillei"],["14931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila devillei subochracea","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.2 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil and northeastern Bolivia (northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7BE2CDF",null,null,"Rio Curua, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4603/","Drymophila devillei subochraceus"],["14932","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila klagesi","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78A, Heft5 p.127","Klages's Antbird","Klages's Antbird","Klages's Antbird",null,null,"Andes of northeastern Colombia (Norte de Santander), the Serrania de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela), and Andes and coastal mountains of Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658669","klaant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/klaant2","avibase-1529C213",null,null,"Los Palmales, Bermúdez [= Sucre], Venezuela.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47529#page/143/mode/1up","Drymophila caudata klagesi"],["14933","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila striaticeps","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.145","Streak-headed Antbird","Streak-headed Antbird","Streak-headed Antbird",null,null,"montane cloudforest dominated by bamboo in the western and central Andes of Colombia southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañon, and in the eastern Andes from northeastern Peru south of the Río Marañon, southward to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658699","sthant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthant1","avibase-C48433AA",null,null,"above Salento, 9000 ft., Cauca,central Andes of Colombia","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Drymophila caudata striaticeps"],["14934","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila hellmayri","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.80","Santa Marta Antbird","Santa Marta Antbird","Santa Marta Antbird",null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658673","samant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samant2","avibase-7694CC98",null,null,"Cincinnati, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/108/mode/1up","Drymophila caudata hellmayri"],["14935","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Drymophila caudata","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.254 pl.74","East Andean Antbird","East Andean Antbird","East Andean Antbird",null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Santander southward to Caquetá and Huila)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103658659","lotant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotant1","avibase-4B4906E5",null,null,"'New Grenada' = Bogotá.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds of the Sub-family Formicarinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/582/mode/1up","Formicivora caudata"],["14936","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Poliocrania","Bravo, Isler & Brumfield, 2013","Zootaxa 3717.4 (2013) 469-497.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myrmeciza exsul [Sclater, PL, 1859]; type by original designation",null,"Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260762766","Poliocrania"],["14937","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Poliocrania exsul","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.380 p.540","Chestnut-backed Antbird","Chestnut-backed Antbird",null,"2025-0825","Taxon <em>maculifer </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Poliocrania exsul</em> based on the lack of consistent vocal differences (Woltmann et al. 2020), and the presence of birds of intermediate plumage in a contact zone between the two taxa (Wetmore 1962; Ridgely &amp; Gwynne 1989).","semi-humid to humid lowland to hill forest on Caribbean slope of Nicaragua to southern Honduras and both slopes from Costa Rica through Panama, eastward to west-central Colombia and southward west of Andes to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"chbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbant1","avibase-B61DB943",null,null,"Panama and Nicaragua.","On Two Species of Ant-birds in the Collection of the Derby Museum, at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/640/mode/1up","Myrmeciza exsul"],["14938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Poliocrania exsul exsul","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.380 p.540",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Nicaragua to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD6C12E1",null,null,"Panama and Nicaragua.","On Two Species of Ant-birds in the Collection of the Derby Museum, at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/640/mode/1up","Myrmeciza exsul"],["14939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Poliocrania exsul occidentalis","(Cherrie, 1891)","The Auk 8, no.2 p.191-192",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C40ADC1",null,null,"Pozo Azul, Trojas and Bebedero, Costa Rica.","Description of a supposed new Myrmeciza.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss2/9/","Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis"],["14940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Poliocrania exsul cassini","(Ridgway, 1908)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Panama (Darién) and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF2923A2",null,null,"Turbo, Colombia.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/244/mode/1up","Myrmelastes cassini"],["14941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Poliocrania exsul niglarus","(Wetmore, 1962)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and adjacent far northwestern Colombia (northern Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0288899",null,null,"Río Chimán about 10 kilometers above Chimán, Province of Panamá","An additional race of the Chestnut-backed Antbird, Myrmeciza exsul Sclater","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109667#page/25/mode/1up","Myrmeciza exsul niglarus"],["14942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Poliocrania exsul maculifer","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09F1F8AE",null,null,"Paramba, 3500 feet, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Critical notes on the types of little-known species of Neotropical birds. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/354/mode/1up","Myrmelastes exsul maculifer"],["14943","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Ampelornis","Isler, Bravo & Brumfield, 2013","Zootaxa 3717.4 (2013) 469-497.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myrmoderus griseiceps [Chapman, 1923]; type by original designation",null,"Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260762766","Ampelornis"],["14944","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Ampelornis griseiceps","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.6","Grey-headed Antbird","Gray-headed Antbird","Grey-headed Antbird",null,null,"Andes of far southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701847","gyhant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhant1","avibase-F705E3F2",null,null,"Palambla, 4000 feet, west slope of the Western Andes, Piura, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Myrmoderus griseiceps"],["14945","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sipia","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyriglena berlepschi [Hartert, E, 1898]; type by original designation",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/242/mode/1up","Sipia"],["14946","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sipia berlepschi","(Hartert, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.29","Stub-tailed Antbird","Stub-tailed Antbird","Stub-tailed Antbird",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701779","sttant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttant3","avibase-C68B58B6",null,null,"Cachavi (=Cachabi), 500 feet, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","[Description of some South-American birds from Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/467/mode/1up","Pyriglena berlepschi"],["14947","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sipia palliata","(Todd, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.129","Magdalena Antbird","Magdalena Antbird","Magdalena Antbird",null,null,"northern slope of Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Zulia and Mérida)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724868","dumant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dumant3","avibase-E492E478",null,null,"La Palmita, Santander, Colombia.","New genera, species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/155/mode/1up","Myrmeciza Ioemosticta palliata"],["14948","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sipia laemosticta","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.582","Dull-mantled Antbird","Dull-mantled Antbird","Dull-mantled Antbird",null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Costa Rica and both slopes of Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724857","dumant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dumant1","avibase-0145FE4C",null,null,"Tucurriqui, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/678/mode/1up","Myrmeciza laemosticta"],["14949","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sipia nigricauda","(Salvin & Godman, 1892)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.230","Esmeraldas Antbird","Esmeraldas Antbird","Esmeraldas Antbird",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia and western Ecuador (south to El Oro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701813","esmant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/esmant1","avibase-48C31429",null,null,"Intac, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/240/mode/1up","Myrmeciza nigricauda"],["14950","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiothera loricata [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/94/mode/1up","Myrmoderus"],["14951","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus eowilsoni","Moncrieff, Johnson, Lane et al., 2017","The Auk 135, no.1 114-126","Cordillera Azul Antbird","Cordillera Azul Antbird","Cordillera Azul Antbird",null,null,"northern Peru: local on ridge crests of Cordillera Azul (eastern San Martín)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155256702","whiant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiant1","avibase-C91B4325",null,null,"2.5 km west-northwest of Flor de Cafe, Cordillera Azul, San Martin Region, Peru (7.3908 S, 76.3208 W); elevation 1,570 m a.s.l.","A new species of antbird (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) from the Cordillera Azul, San Martín, Peru","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/135/1/114/5148544","Myrmoderus eowilsoni"],["14952","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus ferrugineus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.141","Ferruginous-backed Antbird","Ferruginous-backed Antbird","Ferruginous-backed Antbird",null,null,"humid forest and woodland savanna in the lower Orinoco basin in northeastern Venezuela and in the Guianas southward in eastern Brazil to south-central Amazon basin, between the Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajos, in northwestern Mato Grosso and eastern Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701792","febant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/febant1","avibase-228DEA40",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 560, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/161/mode/1up","Turdus ferrugineus"],["14953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus ferrugineus ferrugineus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (east of Rio Branco and Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFBD230D",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 560, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/161/mode/1up","Turdus ferrugineus"],["14954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus ferrugineus elutus","(Todd, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River between lower Rio Tapajós and lower Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48BAE63A",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/198/mode/1up","Myrmedestes ferrugineus elutus"],["14955","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus ruficauda","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1060","Scalloped Antbird","Scalloped Antbird","Scalloped Antbird",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest in the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil from eastern Paraiba southward to Espírito Santo and adjacent Minas Gerais",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701795","scaant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaant3","avibase-8926D22A",null,null,"southeastern Brazil, = Rio Doce, Espírito Santo, by designation of Hellmayr, 1924.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1082/mode/1up","Myiothera ruficauda"],["14956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus ruficauda soror","(Pinto, 1940)","Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo 1 p.256, pl. col.",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Paraíba southward to southern Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-885EFD32",null,null,"Fazenda São Bento, near Tapera, Pernambuco.","Aves de Pernambuco.",null,"Myrmeciza ruficauda soror"],["14957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus ruficauda ruficauda","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1060",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia, far eastern Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CBA07CD",null,null,"southeastern Brazil, = Rio Doce, Espírito Santo, by designation of Hellmayr, 1924.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1082/mode/1up","Myiothera ruficauda"],["14958","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus loricatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.44","White-bibbed Antbird","White-bibbed Antbird","White-bibbed Antbird",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701798","whbant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbant4","avibase-0161CAAD",null,null,"Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/64/mode/1up","Myiothera loricata"],["14959","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoderus squamosus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.87,162","Squamate Antbird","Squamate Antbird","Squamate Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701801","squant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/squant1","avibase-A17A24AF",null,null,"Mattodentro and Ypanema, São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/172/mode/1up","Myrmeciza squamosa"],["14960","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemoides","Bangs & Penard, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hypocnemis melanopogon [Sclater, PL, 1857]; type by original designation",null,"Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/87/mode/1up","Hypocnemoides"],["14961","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemoides maculicauda","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.89","Band-tailed Antbird","Band-tailed Antbird","Band-tailed Antbird",null,null,"eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and southern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701740","batant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batant1","avibase-B2B3FA6B",null,null,"Villa Maria [= São Luiz de Caceres], Engenho do Gama, and [Villa Bella de] Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/99/mode/1up","Hypocnemis maculicauda"],["14962","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemoides melanopogon","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.130","Black-chinned Antbird","Black-chinned Antbird","Black-chinned Antbird",null,null,"flooded rainforest, white-sand, and gallery forest in the Guiana Shield, the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward northeastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and in Brazil southward along the Rio Madeira basin to southeastern Amazonas and northern Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701737","blcant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcant3","avibase-78853651",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/142/mode/1up","Hypocnemis melanopogon"],["14963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemoides melanopogon occidentalis","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.538 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia, southern and eastern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5597FF8A",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, Río Amazonas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 5. The genera Herpsilochmus, Microrhopias, Formicivora, Hypocnemis, Hypocnemoides, and Myrmochanes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4260/","Hypocnemoides melanopogon occidentalis"],["14964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemoides melanopogon melanopogon","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52194E1A",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/142/mode/1up","Hypocnemis melanopogon"],["14965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hypocnemoides melanopogon minor","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B, no.12 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (drainages of lower Rio Purus and Rio Madeira, and near south bank of the Amazon River between Rio Tapajós and Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4892867",null,null,"Labrea, upper Rio Purus, Amazonas, Brazil.","Preliminary descriptions of some new Birds from the Brazilian Amazonas.",null,"Hypocnemoides melanopogon minor"],["14966","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Conopophaga naevioides [Lafresnaye, 1847]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/94/mode/1up","Hylophylax"],["14967","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax punctulatus","(des Murs, 1856)","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.53","Dot-backed Antbird","Dot-backed Antbird","Dot-backed Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701922","dobant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dobant2","avibase-C207B0AF",null,null,"'Haut Amazone'; Pebas, north bank of the Marañón, Peru, suggested by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 311.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/223/mode/1up","Rhopotera punctulata"],["14968","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevioides","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.69","Spotted Antbird","Spotted Antbird","Spotted Antbird",null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras to central Panama, thence both slopes eastward to west-central Colombia, and west of Andes, southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701911","spoant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spoant1","avibase-87EC4643",null,null,"no locality = Panama, by designation of Hellmayr, 1924, p. 307. 1","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/77/mode/1up","Conopophaga naevioïdes"],["14969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevioides capnitis","(Bangs, 1906)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1B4D3B9",null,null,"Volcán Miravalles, Costa Rica.","Notes on birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, with descriptions of new forms and new records for Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/143/mode/1up","Hypocnemis naevioides capnitis"],["14970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevioides naevioides","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador (south to eastern Guayas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2591911F",null,null,"no locality = Panama, by designation of Hellmayr, 1924, p. 307. 1","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/77/mode/1up","Conopophaga naevioïdes"],["14971","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1003","Spot-backed Antbird","Spot-backed Antbird","Spot-backed Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins and in the Guiana Shield from the Guianas and southern Venezuela southward to south-central Brazil and northern Bolivia, and along the base of the Andes southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701914","spbant6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbant6","avibase-363EDFA8",null,null,"South America = Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/504/mode/1up","Pipra naevia"],["14972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevius theresae","(des Murs, 1856)","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.51, pl. 16, fig. 2 (fem.)",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ecuador to northern Peru (Loreto) and southwestern and south-central Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Tapajós, southward to southern Amazonas and Rondônia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-182020F2",null,null,"Río Yavari, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/221/mode/1up","Conopophaga Theresae"],["14973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevius peruvianus","Carriker, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 84 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of northern Peru (Amazonas and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75D5CA1E",null,null,"Moyobamba, San Martin, Peru.","Additional new Birds from Peru, with a synopsis of the races of Hylophylax naevia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064121","Hylophylax naevia peruviana"],["14974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevius inexpectatus","Carriker, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 84 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to far southwestern Amazonian Brazil and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E29BBD3",null,null,"La Pampa, 2000 feet, Puno, Peru.","Additional new Birds from Peru, with a synopsis of the races of Hylophylax naevia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064121","Hylophylax naevia inexpectata"],["14975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevius naevius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1003",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Peru, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6022ADD",null,null,"South America = Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/504/mode/1up","Pipra naevia"],["14976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hylophylax naevius ochraceus","(Berlepsch, 1912)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.20-21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins, southward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5378DF41",null,null,"Tucunare, Rio Jauchim, Brazil.","Beschreibung neuer Vogelformen aus dem Gebiete des unteren Amazonas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/38/mode/1up","Hypocnemis naevia ochracea"],["14977","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sclateria","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Holocnemis flammata [Strickland, 1844]; type by original designation = Sitta naevia J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/219/mode/1up","Sclateria"],["14978","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sclateria naevia","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.442","Silvered Antbird","Silvered Antbird","Silvered Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest, swampy, and flooded forest from northeastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins to south-central Brazil, northern Bolivia, and southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701749","silant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silant1","avibase-54F437ED",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/454/mode/1up","Sitta naevia"],["14979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sclateria naevia naevia","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (eastern Sucre southward to Delta Amacuro and eastern and southern Bolívar), Trinidad, the Guianas, and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá and, south of Amazon, east of Rio Tocantins to western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97FE4D79",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/454/mode/1up","Sitta naevia"],["14980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sclateria naevia diaphora","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Venezuela (lower Río Caura drainage in northwestern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C37EA9B",null,null,"Río Mocho, Río Caura, Venezuela.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/214/mode/1up","Sclateria noevia diaphora"],["14981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sclateria naevia argentata","(des Murs, 1856)","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.53, pl. 17, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Venezuela (western and southern Amazonas), southeastern Colombia (southward from Meta and Vichada), eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, western Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira, Rondônia, and southwestern Mato Grosso), and northwestern and eastern Bolivia (Pando, La Paz, western Beni, Cochabamba, and far northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24B78DAA",null,null,"Nauta, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/223/mode/1up","Herpsilochmus argentatus"],["14982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Sclateria naevia toddi","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.253-254, footnote b",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (from lower Rio Madeira and both banks of Rio Teles Pires eastward to Rio Tocantins), and probably northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06993303",null,null,"Santarem, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/271/mode/1up","Sclateria naevia toddi"],["14983","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.364 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnophilus plumbeus [Sclater, PL, 1858]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 180). = Thamnophilus hyperythrus P.L. Sclater, 1855",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/358/mode/1up","Myrmelastes"],["14984","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes schistaceus","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.362 p.252","Slate-colored Antbird","Slate-colored Antbird","Slate-colored Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and west-central Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701755","slcant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcant3","avibase-3587F35B",null,null,"Río Yavari, Peru.","Synopsis of the American Ant-birds (Formicariidae). Part II. containing the Formicivorinae or Ant-Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/330/mode/1up","Hypocnemis schistacea"],["14985","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes saturatus","(Salvin, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.427","Roraiman Antbird","Roraiman Antbird","Roraiman Antbird",null,null,"tepui region of far southeastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana (Mount Roraima environs), and adjacent Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735305","rorant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rorant2","avibase-F30598FA",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3500 feet.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/479/mode/1up","Heterocnemis saturata"],["14986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes saturatus obscurus","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1946)","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CBD563C",null,null,"Mt. Sororopan-tepui, 1400 meters, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Schistocichla leucostigma obscura"],["14987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes saturatus saturatus","(Salvin, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana (Mount Roraima environs)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FC8CB46",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3500 feet.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/479/mode/1up","Heterocnemis saturata"],["14988","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes caurensis","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.9","Caura Antbird","Caura Antbird","Caura Antbird",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous forest in the Orinoco basin and tepuis of southern Venezuela, in western Bolívar, southward to northern Brazil, in northernmost Amazonas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701770","cauant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cauant2","avibase-4F04F723",null,null,"Caura River Valley [= Turagua Mts.], Venezuela.","On new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/433/mode/1up","Sclateria schistacea caurensis"],["14989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes caurensis caurensis","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (western Bolívar and northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F50358B",null,null,"Caura River Valley [= Turagua Mts.], Venezuela.","On new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/433/mode/1up","Sclateria schistacea caurensis"],["14990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes caurensis australis","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1947)","American Museum Novitates no.1338 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (southern Amazonas) and immediately adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAD71F86",null,null,"Pie del Cerro, 225 meters, Mt. Duida, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5153/","Schistocichla caurensis australis"],["14991","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes hyperythrus","(Sclater, 1855)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 1 p.235","Plumbeous Antbird","Plumbeous Antbird","Plumbeous Antbird",null,null,"southern Colombia to eastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701832","pluant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pluant1","avibase-85D49ECB",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131108#page/259/mode/1up","Thamnophilus hyperythrus"],["14992","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes rufifacies","(Hellmayr, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.64","Rufous-faced Antbird","Rufous-faced Antbird","Rufous-faced Antbird",null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tocantins, and northern Rondônia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736168","rufant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant4","avibase-29F66F57",null,null,"Apacj, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","On Heterogynism in Formicarian Birds.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917232","Schistocichla leucostigma rufifacies"],["14993","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes brunneiceps","(Zimmer, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.500 p.19","Brownish-headed Antbird","Brownish-headed Antbird","Brownish-headed Antbird",null,null,"southern Peru (Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Puno) and far west-central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736163","brhant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhant1","avibase-B4F54E3D",null,null,"Chaquimayo, 3000 feet, Andes of Carabaya, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 1. New and other Birds from Peru, Ecuador and Brasil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4240/","Schistocichla leucostigma brunneiceps"],["14994","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes humaythae","(Hellmayr, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.51","Humaita Antbird","Humaita Antbird","Humaita Antbird",null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil (east to the Rio Madeira), southeastern Peru (eastern Madre de Dios), and northern Bolivia (Pando)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736158","humant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humant1","avibase-345A6DFB",null,null,"Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Exhibition and description of six new species and subspecies from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/475/mode/1up","Sclateria schistacea humaythae"],["14995","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes leucostigma","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.86,160","Spot-winged Antbird","Spot-winged Antbird","Spot-winged Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest and borders in the eastern foothills of the Andes from northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela southward to southeastern Colombia and across the western Amazon basin southward to southeastern Peru, southwestern Brazil, and adjacent Bolivia; also in southeastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to the Amazon basin of Brazil, mainly north of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736153","spwant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwant3","avibase-9736A466",null,null,"Cayenne, Marabitanas, Rio Vaupe, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaus]; type from Manaus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/170/mode/1up","Percnostola leucostigma"],["14996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes leucostigma subplumbeus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.158-159",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to far western Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E9692E7",null,null,"Sarayacu and Zamora, Ecuador, and Iquitos, Peru.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/222/mode/1up","Dysithamnus subplumbeus"],["14997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes leucostigma leucostigma","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.86,160",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (east from Rio Branco and Rio Negro to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD9F64C9",null,null,"Cayenne, Marabitanas, Rio Vaupe, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaus]; type from Manaus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/170/mode/1up","Percnostola leucostigma"],["14998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes leucostigma intensus","(Zimmer, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.42 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (Huánuco, Pasco, Junín, and southern Ucayali) to far northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DB4F5E0",null,null,"Huachipa [Huánuco], Peru.","A new race of Myrmeciza schistacea from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/234/mode/1up","Myrmeciza schistacea intensa"],["14999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmelastes leucostigma infuscatus","(Todd, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1925EBB5",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/192/mode/1up","Schistocichla infuscata"],["15000","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmeciza","Gray, 1841","A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. ed. 2 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymophila longipes [Swainson, 1825]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49636#page/54/mode/1up","Myrmeciza"],["15001","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmeciza longipes","(Swainson, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 2, no.6 p.152","White-bellied Antbird","White-bellied Antbird","White-bellied Antbird",null,null,"dry to semi-humid and humid forest in central and eastern Panama; northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena, and southward along the eastern base of the Andes to northeastern Colombia; in northern and eastern Venezuela, easternmost Colombia, Trinidad, western Guyana and southern Suriname southward to northern Brazil (Roraima), and in northeastern Brazil in the mouth of the Amazon River (northern Pará and Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701786","whbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbant1","avibase-40373FE1",null,null,"some part of Brazil; error = Trinidad by designation of Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 33.","XVII. On two new Genera of Birds, Formicivora and Drymophila, with Descriptions of several species","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/180/mode/1up","Drymophila longipes"],["15002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmeciza longipes panamensis","Ridgway, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (locally on Caribbean slope eastward from Colón, and Pacific slope eastward from Coclé) and northern Colombia (far northern Chocó eastward to western slope of northeastern Andes in La Guajira, Cesar, and Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F71F8B7",null,null,"line of Panama Railroad.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/244/mode/1up","Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis"],["15003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmeciza longipes longipes","(Swainson, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 2, no.6 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (eastern slope of Andes in Norte de Santander southward to western Meta), northern Venezuela (Zulia, Táchira, and Apure eastward to Sucre), and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FBED568",null,null,"some part of Brazil; error = Trinidad by designation of Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 33.","XVII. On two new Genera of Birds, Formicivora and Drymophila, with Descriptions of several species","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/180/mode/1up","Drymophila longipes"],["15004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmeciza longipes boucardi","Berlepsch, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.21 p.129-130",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley from Cundinamarca to Huila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-827D0CEE",null,null,"Bogotá.","Descriptions of two new Species of Birds from Bogotá, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/157/mode/1up","Myrmeciza boucardi"],["15005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmeciza longipes griseipectus","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.76-77",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (east of Andes in Meta and eastern Guainía), southern and eastern Venezuela (northern Amazonas, northern Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro), western Guyana, locally in southern Suriname, and northeastern Brazil north of Amazon River (northeastern Roraima, central Amapá, and east-central Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B7B726B",null,null,"Caicara, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/96/mode/1up","Myrmeciza swainsoni griseipectus"],["15006","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhopornis","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiothera ardesiaca [zu Wied, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/65/mode/1up","Rhopornis"],["15007","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Rhopornis ardesiacus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1055","Slender Antbird","Slender Antbird","Slender Antbird",null,null,"highlands of eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701706","sleant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sleant1","avibase-48150C82",null,null,"southeastern Brazil; Boa Nova, Baia, suggested as type locality by Naumburg, 1934, p. 493.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1077/mode/1up","Myiothera ardesiaca"],["15008","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pithys leucophrys [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/17/mode/1up","Myrmoborus"],["15009","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.30, pl.42, f.1","Black-faced Antbird","Black-faced Antbird","Black-faced Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to south-central Brazil (southern Mato Grosso) and central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701723","blfant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfant2","avibase-F5CD9018",null,null,"no locality given = Fonte Boa, Rio Solimões, suggested as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 78.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/44/mode/1up","Thamnophilus myotherinus"],["15010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus elegans","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.329 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, central Peru, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil (northern Roraima and northwestern Amazonas in upper Rio Negro region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-856630ED",null,null,"Bogotá.","Characters of some apparently New Species of American Ant-Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/59/mode/1up","Hypocnemis elegans"],["15011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus myotherinus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.30, pl.42, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A98FECF4",null,null,"no locality given = Fonte Boa, Rio Solimões, suggested as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 78.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/44/mode/1up","Thamnophilus myotherinus"],["15012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus incanus","Hellmayr, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Amazonian Brazil (along north bank of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB47D22B",null,null,"Tonantins, north bank of the Rio Solimões, Brazil.","On Heterogynism in Formicarian Birds.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917232","Myrmoborus myotherinus incanus"],["15013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus ardesiacus","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (Rio Japurá to lower Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7BD8230",null,null,"Manacapuru, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/189/mode/1up","Myrmoborus ardesiacus"],["15014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus proximus","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.163-164",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (south bank of the Amazon River from Rio Purus to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C553DD7",null,null,"Caviana, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/189/mode/1up","Myrmoborus ardesiacus proximus"],["15015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus ochrolaemus","(Hellmayr, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Tocantins and Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BED9DD73",null,null,"Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Exhibition of a new subspecies of Hypocnemis myotherina from the Lower Amazons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/135/mode/1up","Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema"],["15016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus myotherinus sororius","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.3 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (southeastern Amazonas and Rondônia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B4FCB6C",null,null,"Calama, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","The birds of the Rio Madeira.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/382/mode/1up","Hypocnemis myotherina sororia"],["15017","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus melanurus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.186","Black-tailed Antbird","Black-tailed Antbird","Black-tailed Antbird",null,null,"tropical northeastern Peru and adjacent Brazil (far western Amazonas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701726","bltant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltant1","avibase-04CD9946",null,null,"Cashaboya [= Cashiboya], and upper Río Ucayali, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/244/mode/1up","Hypocnemis melanura"],["15018","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus lophotes","(Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft1 p.90","White-lined Antbird","White-lined Antbird","White-lined Antbird",null,null,"far southwestern Amazonian Brazil to southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701776","whlant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlant1","avibase-2EBCC761",null,null,"Río San Gaban, Carabaya, Puno, Peru.","Neue Vögel aus dem tropischen Amerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/128/mode/1up","Percnostola lophotes"],["15019","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus leucophrys","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.278","White-browed Antbird","White-browed Antbird","White-browed Antbird",null,null,"humid forest in the foothills of the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, and in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to south-central Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso, and northern Bolivia, but absent from most of northern Amazonia, north of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701717","whbant6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbant6","avibase-C9620F9F",null,null,"Peru = Montana de Vitoc, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 232.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/286/mode/1up","Pithys leucophrys"],["15020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus leucophrys erythrophrys","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.255 pl.72 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41DDD39A",null,null,"'New Grenada' = Bogotá.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds of the Sub-family Formicarinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/583/mode/1up","Pithys erythrophrys"],["15021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus leucophrys leucophrys","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to eastern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Madeira, also in Pará from both banks of Rio Tapajós eastward to Rio Tocantins, southward to Acre, Rondônia, and southwestern and northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-803A209B",null,null,"Peru = Montana de Vitoc, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 232.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/286/mode/1up","Pithys leucophrys"],["15022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus leucophrys angustirostris","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.685",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (north bank between Rio Japurá and Rio Negro, also northern Roraima eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CB3F780",null,null,"coastal forests of British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/175/mode/1up","Conopophaga angustirostris"],["15023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus leucophrys koenigorum","O'Neill & Parker, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (upper Río Huallaga Valley in Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F055BB4",null,null,"Río Azul, cerca de la unión con el Río Tulumayo, noroeste de Tingo María, Huánuco, Perú.","New subspecies of Myrmoborus leucophrys (Formicariidae) and Phrygilus alaudinus (Emberizidae) from the upper Huallaga valley, Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Myrmoborus leucophrys koenigorum"],["15024","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus lugubris","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.211","Ash-breasted Antbird","Ash-breasted Antbird","Ash-breasted Antbird",null,null,"dense scrub and woodland in river islands of the Amazon basin from northeastern Peru and adjacent eastern Ecuador eastward along the Amazon River and main tributaries to central Brazil, in eastern Amazonas, west of the Rio Tapajos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701720","asbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asbant1","avibase-8484C800",null,null,"no locality; type is said to be from Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/219/mode/1up","Myrmonax lugubris"],["15025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus lugubris berlepschi","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 1, 2ème Année, no.11 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador (far eastern Orellana), northeastern Peru (Loreto) and far western Amazonian Brazil (Rio Amazon eastward to Tonantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E3ECEA1",null,null,"Nauta, Peru.","Notes sur quelques oiseaux de l'Amérique tropicale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/215/mode/1up","Hypocnemis lugubris berlepschi"],["15026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus lugubris stictopterus","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.162-163",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Branco, lower Rio Negro, and adjacent Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93E4F0FA",null,null,"Marecao Island, Manacapuru, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/188/mode/1up","Myrmoborus stictopterus"],["15027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus lugubris femininus","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 1, 2ème Année, no.11 p.164-165",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E60A9D20",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Notes sur quelques oiseaux de l'Amérique tropicale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/214/mode/1up","Hypocnemis lugubris feminina"],["15028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Myrmoborus lugubris lugubris","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (along both banks of the Amazon River) from Rio Madeira eastward to Baía do Guajará (east-central Amazonas and north-central Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4477BB0",null,null,"no locality; type is said to be from Pará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/219/mode/1up","Myrmonax lugubris"],["15029","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiothera domicilla [zu Wied, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 42). = Turdus leucopterus Vieillot, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/219/mode/1up","Pyriglena"],["15030","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena leucoptera","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.272","White-shouldered Fire-eye","White-shouldered Fire-eye","White-shouldered Fire-eye",null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701700","wsfeye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wsfeye1","avibase-95AE2108",null,null,"Brazil; types from near Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1924, p. 225",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/290/mode/1up","Turdus leucopterus"],["15031","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena atra","(Swainson, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 2, no.6 p.153","Fringe-backed Fire-eye","Fringe-backed Fire-eye","Fringe-backed Fire-eye",null,null,"lowlands of coastal eastern Brazil (southern Sergipe and coastal northeastern Bahia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701703","fbfeye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fbfeye1","avibase-0ED689BD",null,null,"Pitangua, Bafa.","XVII. On two new Genera of Birds, Formicivora and Drymophila, with Descriptions of several species","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/181/mode/1up","Drymophila atra"],["15032","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena leuconota","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.72, pl.72, f.2","East Amazonian Fire-eye","East Amazonian Fire-eye",null,"2025-0829","Taxa <em>similis </em>(monotypic) and <em>maura </em>(polytypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Pyriglena leuconota</em> based on vocal and genetic differences (Isler &amp; Maldonado-Coelho 2017). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Isler &amp; Maldonado-Coelho 2017) identified three clades within <em>P. leuconota sensu lato</em> that are as distinctive as other recognized species in this complex. A more comprehensive review of genetics and vocalizations in this complex would be informative.","humid forest in the eastern Amazon basin from the Rio Xingu eastward to the Cerrado of eastern Maranhão and western Piaui; and in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, in Paraiba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas",null,null,null,"eaafie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaafie1","avibase-83A1319F",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/92/mode/1up","Myothera leuconota"],["15033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena leuconota interposita","Pinto, 1947","Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo 5 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pará (Rio Xingú to Rio Tocantins), east-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A697063",null,null,"Rio Anapu, Brazil.","Contribuição à ornitologia do Baixo Amazonas. Estudo critico de uma coleção de aves do Estado do Para.",null,"Pyriglena leuconota interposita"],["15034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena leuconota leuconota","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.72, pl.72, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pará (east of Rio Tocantins) and northern Maranhão",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF64B125",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/92/mode/1up","Myothera leuconota"],["15035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena leuconota pernambucensis","Zimmer, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.509 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Pernambuco and eastern Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B566F66",null,null,"Brejao, Pernambuco, altitude 2500 feet, Brazil","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 2. Peruvian forms of the genera Microbates, Rhamphocaenus, Sclateria, Pyriglena, Pithys, Drymophila and Liosceles.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4266/","Pyriglena leucoptera pernambucensis"],["15036","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena similis","Zimmer, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.509 p.11","Tapajos Fire-eye","Tapajos Fire-eye",null,"2025-0829","Taxa <em>similis </em>(monotypic) and <em>maura </em>(polytypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Pyriglena leuconota</em> based on vocal and genetic differences (Isler &amp; Maldonado-Coelho 2017). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Isler &amp; Maldonado-Coelho 2017) identified three clades within <em>P. leuconota sensu lato</em> that are as distinctive as other recognized species in this complex. A more comprehensive review of genetics and vocalizations in this complex would be informative.","south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós to Rio Xingú)",null,null,null,"whbfie9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbfie9","avibase-988F8673",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 2. Peruvian forms of the genera Microbates, Rhamphocaenus, Sclateria, Pyriglena, Pithys, Drymophila and Liosceles.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4266/","Pyriglena leucoptera similis"],["15037","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena maura","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1, no.2 p.506, pl. 7, fig. a","Western Fire-eye","Western Fire-eye",null,"2025-0829","Taxa <em>similis </em>(monotypic) and <em>maura </em>(polytypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Pyriglena leuconota</em> based on vocal and genetic differences (Isler &amp; Maldonado-Coelho 2017). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Isler &amp; Maldonado-Coelho 2017) identified three clades within <em>P. leuconota sensu lato</em> that are as distinctive as other recognized species in this complex. A more comprehensive review of genetics and vocalizations in this complex would be informative.","semi-humid to humid tropical and montane forest and woodland on the slopes of the central and eastern Andes from southern Colombia southward along the eastern Andes to central Bolivia, and eastward to the Pantanal in eastern Bolivia. south-central Brazil, and far northern Paraguay; also in the Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru",null,null,null,"wesfie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesfie1","avibase-2438D789",null,null,"Minas Gerais; error, Mato Grosso substituted as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 228.",null,null,"Formicivora maura"],["15038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena maura pacifica","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E60938B7",null,null,"Puente de Chimbo, 1000 feet, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Pyriglena pacifica"],["15039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena maura castanoptera","Chubb, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andean slope of southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C11C6817",null,null,"'Braza' [= Baeza], 6000 feet, eastern Ecuador.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/253/mode/1up","Pyriglena castanopterus"],["15040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena maura picea","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andean slope of Peru (southern Amazonas to Junín and Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEB909A1",null,null,"Peru; Chanchamayo, Junín, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/220/mode/1up","Pyriglena picea"],["15041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena maura marcapatensis","Sztolcman & Domaniewski, 1918","Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société des Sciences de Varsovie 11 fasc.02 p.180,185",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios, Cusco, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E481339",null,null,"Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru.",null,null,"Pyriglena leuconota marcapatensis"],["15042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena maura hellmayri","Sztolcman & Domaniewski, 1918","Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société des Sciences de Varsovie 11 p.179, 184",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Cochabamba, and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B71E8D82",null,null,"Chulumani, Yungas of western Bolivia.",null,null,"Pyriglena leuconota hellmayri"],["15043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Pyriglena maura maura","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1, no.2 p.506, pl. 7, fig. a",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to south-central Brazil (Mato Grosso) and northern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5D7488A",null,null,"Minas Gerais; error, Mato Grosso substituted as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 228.",null,null,"Formicivora maura"],["15044","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnocichla","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.364 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiothera nudiceps [Cassin, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/358/mode/1up","Gymnocichla"],["15045","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnocichla nudiceps","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.106 pl.6","Bare-crowned Antbird","Bare-crowned Antbird","Bare-crowned Antbird",null,null,"forest borders and thickets often in wet areas of lowlands and hills of Caribbean slope from southern Belize southward through Panama, and Pacific coast from west-central Costa Rica to southwestern Panama, through north-central Colombia and south west of Andes to west-central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701746","bacant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacant1","avibase-49788670",null,null,"[Isthmus of] Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/126/mode/1up","Myiothera nudiceps"],["15046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnocichla nudiceps chiroleuca","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.417-418",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Guatemala and Belize to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BEBA1AB",null,null,"Tucurriqui, Costa Rica, and Omoa, Honduras.","Description of six new Species of American Birds of the Families Tanagridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Scolopacidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/497/mode/1up","Gymnocichla chiroleuca"],["15047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis","Bangs, 1907","The Auk 24, no.3 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE08F7B6",null,null,"Boruca, Costa Rica.","On a collection of birds from western Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol24/iss3/5/","Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis"],["15048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnocichla nudiceps nudiceps","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.106 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and Pacific slope of northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B03DA7FD",null,null,"[Isthmus of] Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/126/mode/1up","Myiothera nudiceps"],["15049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Gymnocichla nudiceps sanctamartae","Ridgway, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Santa Marta region and Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F94E7F5",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/244/mode/1up","Gymnocichla nudiceps sancta-martae"],["15050","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Akletos","Dunajewski, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68 p.131",null,null,null,"2025-0826","<em>Akletos </em>and <em>Hafferia </em>are recognized as genera separate from <em>Percnostola </em>pending further research. Phylogenetic relationships among these and closely related genera (<em>Gymnocichla </em>and <em>Pyriglena</em>) are uncertain, and differ between genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and multilocus DNA (Bravo 2012; Isler et al. 2013) datasets. To avoid creating paraphyletic groups if taxa were subsumed into larger genera, it is preferable to maintain the genera <em>Akletos, Hafferia</em>, and <em>Percnostola,</em> pursuant to a thorough review of generic limits in this part of the thamnophilid tree.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Akletos peruvianus [Dunajewski, 1948]; type by original designation and monotypy = Thamnophilus melanoceps von Spix, 1825",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/171/mode/1up","Akletos"],["15051","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Akletos melanoceps","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.28, pl.39, f.1","White-shouldered Antbird","White-shouldered Antbird","White-shouldered Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701835","whsant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsant1","avibase-B1392808",null,null,"'in Sylvis Parae'; error = Rio lca, Brazil, substituted by Hellmayr, 1924.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/42/mode/1up","Thamnophilus melanoceps"],["15052","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Akletos goeldii","(Snethlage, 1908)","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.1 p.17","Goeldi's Antbird","Goeldi's Antbird","Goeldi's Antbird",null,null,"southeastern Peru to far northwestern Bolivia and far southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701838","goeant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goeant1","avibase-1CE684D6",null,null,"Bom Lugar and Ponto Alegre, Rio Pums, Brazil.","Eine Vogelsammlung vom Rio Purús, Brasilien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/29/mode/1up","Myrmelastes goeldii"],["15053","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Percnostola","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.10",null,null,null,"2025-0826","<em>Akletos </em>and <em>Hafferia </em>are recognized as genera separate from <em>Percnostola </em>pending further research. Phylogenetic relationships among these and closely related genera (<em>Gymnocichla </em>and <em>Pyriglena</em>) are uncertain, and differ between genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and multilocus DNA (Bravo 2012; Isler et al. 2013) datasets. To avoid creating paraphyletic groups if taxa were subsumed into larger genera, it is preferable to maintain the genera <em>Akletos, Hafferia</em>, and <em>Percnostola,</em> pursuant to a thorough review of generic limits in this part of the thamnophilid tree.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lanius funebris [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 272). = Turdus rufifrons J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/18/mode/1up","Percnostola"],["15054","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Percnostola arenarum","Isler, Álvarez Alonso, Isler & Whitney, 2002","Wilson Bulletin 113 p.164-176","Allpahuayo Antbird","Allpahuayo Antbird","Allpahuayo Antbird",null,null,"northeastern Peru north of Río Marañón (Río Morona to Río Nanay drainage)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730401","allant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/allant1","avibase-83E8F82F",null,null,"Mishana, 03°55'S, 73°29'W, Río Nanay, Loreto, Perú.","A NEW SPECIES OF PERCNOSTOLA ANTBIRD (PASSERIFORMES: THAMNOPHILIDAE) FROM AMAZONIAN PERU, AND AN ANALYSIS OF SPECIES LIMITS WITHIN PERCNOSTOLA RUFIFRONS","https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/4710/VZ_Reprint_43.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Percnostola arenarum"],["15055","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Percnostola rufifrons","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.825","Black-headed Antbird","Black-headed Antbird","Black-headed Antbird",null,null,"humid forest and scrub in sandy-soil from eastern Colombia, northeastern Peru, northwestern Brazil, and southern Venezuela eastward to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701752","blhant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhant3","avibase-B8FE31D0",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/326/mode/1up","Turdus rufifrons"],["15056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Percnostola rufifrons rufifrons","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.825",null,null,null,null,null,"Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Amazonian Brazil (northeastern Roraima, and Rio Trombetas eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81A2F8B6",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/326/mode/1up","Turdus rufifrons"],["15057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Percnostola rufifrons subcristata","Hellmayr, 1908","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 8 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (lower Rio Negro to Rio Trombetas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D10A6D9",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro = Manaus, Brazil.","Übersicht der Formen der Gattung Percnostola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35430#page/150/mode/1up","Percnostola rufifrons subcristata"],["15058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Percnostola rufifrons minor","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.86,159",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA845A5D",null,null,"upper Rio Negro; type from Santa Isabel.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/169/mode/1up","Percnostola minor"],["15059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Percnostola rufifrons jensoni","Capparella, Rosenberg & Cardiff, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (Quebrada Orán in Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-797F4B28",null,null,"Quebrada Orán, Km.al norte del Río Amazonas, 85 Km.al noreste de Iquitos, 3° 25' S, 73° 35' W, Loreto, Perú.","A new subspecies of Percnostola rufifrons (Formicariidae) from northeastern Amazonian Peru, with a revision of the rufifrons complex.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/40157533","Percnostola rufifrons jensoni"],["15060","genus","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia","Isler, Bravo & Brumfield, 2013","Zootaxa 3717.4 (2013) 469-497.",null,null,null,"2025-0826","<em>Akletos </em>and <em>Hafferia </em>are recognized as genera separate from <em>Percnostola </em>pending further research. Phylogenetic relationships among these and closely related genera (<em>Gymnocichla </em>and <em>Pyriglena</em>) are uncertain, and differ between genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) and multilocus DNA (Bravo 2012; Isler et al. 2013) datasets. To avoid creating paraphyletic groups if taxa were subsumed into larger genera, it is preferable to maintain the genera <em>Akletos, Hafferia</em>, and <em>Percnostola,</em> pursuant to a thorough review of generic limits in this part of the thamnophilid tree.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thamnophilus immaculatus [Lafresnaye, 1845]; type by original designation",null,"Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260762766","Hafferia"],["15061","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia fortis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.980 pl.45","Sooty Antbird","Sooty Antbird","Sooty Antbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to the Rio Madeira, in eastern Amazonas, south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701841","sooant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sooant1","avibase-C4D9D479",null,null,"Pebas and Chyavetas, Peru.","List of Birds collected at Pebas, Upper Amazons, by Mr. John Hauxwell, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/414/mode/1up","Percnostola fortis"],["15062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia fortis fortis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.980 pl.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to far northwestern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E49EC9F",null,null,"Pebas and Chyavetas, Peru.","List of Birds collected at Pebas, Upper Amazons, by Mr. John Hauxwell, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/414/mode/1up","Percnostola fortis"],["15063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia fortis incanescens","(Todd, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil (known only from the type locality on the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9AB8C6B",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/195/mode/1up","Myrmelastes fortis incanescens"],["15064","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia immaculata","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.340","Blue-lored Antbird","Blue-lored Antbird","Blue-lored Antbird",null,null,"humid foothill forest at the base of Andes of Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Cauca and to the middle Magdalena Valley, in the foothills of Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660125","immant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/immant1","avibase-F0768885",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/350/mode/1up","Thamnophilus immaculatus"],["15065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia immaculata immaculata","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia, Serranía de Perijá in Venezuela (and Colombia?), and Andes of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1BBF50A",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/350/mode/1up","Thamnophilus immaculatus"],["15066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia immaculata concepcion","(Donegan, 2012)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 132 p.11 [3-40]",null,null,null,null,null,"both slopes of the central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED1E3B6A",null,null,"Arriba de Santa Cecilia, Municipio de Santa Rosa, 07 58'33\"N, 74 12'55\"W; Bolívar, Colombia.","Geographical variation in Immaculate Antbird Myrmeciza immaculata, with a new subspecies from the Central Andes of Colombia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229071#page/13/mode/1up","Myrmeciza immaculata concepcion"],["15067","species","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia zeledoni","(Ridgway, 1909)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.74","Zeledon's Antbird","Zeledon's Antbird","Zeledon's Antbird",null,null,"humid forest from hills to mountains of northwestern Costa Rica southward to western Panama and, west of Andes, to far southern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660162","zelant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zelant1","avibase-7B3A4DDB",null,null,"Guayabo, Costa Rica.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/98/mode/1up","Myrmeciza zeledoni"],["15068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia zeledoni zeledoni","(Ridgway, 1909)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Costa Rica southward to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-682A1B1F",null,null,"Guayabo, Costa Rica.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/98/mode/1up","Myrmeciza zeledoni"],["15069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thamnophilidae","Antbirds, Antshrikes, Antwrens, and Antvireos","Hafferia zeledoni berlepschi","(Ridgway, 1909)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91BCBB50",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/98/mode/1up","Myrmeciza berlepschi"],["15070","family","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallariidae",null,null,"Antpittas","Antpittas","Antpittas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"gralla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gralla2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["15071","genus","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Cryptopezus","Carneiro, Bravo & Aleixo, 2018","Zoologica Scripta 48 no.1 p.46-56",null,null,null,"2025-0748","Taxa <em>fulviventris, berlepschi</em>, and <em>dives </em>are placed in the genus <em>Myrmothera</em>, and <em>nattereri </em>is placed in the newly described genus <em>Cryptopezus </em>based on genetic evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Carneiro et al. 2019) that the traditional genus <em>Hylopezus </em>is paraphyletic.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Grallaria nattereri [Pinto, 1937]; by original description",null,"Phenotypic similarity leads to taxonomic inconsistency: A revision of the lowland's antpittas","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329176055","Cryptopezus"],["15072","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Cryptopezus nattereri","(Pinto, 1937)","Boletim Biológico, Nova Série n.s., 3 no.5 p.7","Speckle-breasted Antpitta","Speckle-breasted Antpitta","Speckle-breasted Antpitta",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and far eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703352","spbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbant1","avibase-8B1CD00B",null,null,"Alto da Serra, São Paulo.","Uma nòva ave Troglodytidae do rio Juruá (Amazonas) ; Grallaria ochroleuca Pelzeln prova ser ave diversa do Myioturdus ochroleucus Wied'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188222#page/11/mode/1up","Grallaria nattereri"],["15073","genus","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.364 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Grallaria flavirostris [Sclater, PL, 1858]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 325).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/367/mode/1up","Grallaricula"],["15074","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula cucullata","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.29 pl.119","Hooded Antpitta","Hooded Antpitta","Hooded Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane cloudforest patchily in the Andes from northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela southward to southern Colombia, in the headwaters of the Río Magdalena",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703392","hooant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hooant1","avibase-3DAB83EB",null,null,"Bogotá.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/63/mode/1up","Conopophaga cucullata"],["15075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula cucullata cucullata","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.29 pl.119",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1400A652",null,null,"Bogotá.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/63/mode/1up","Conopophaga cucullata"],["15076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula cucullata venezuelana","Phelps & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.24 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51E06F6D",null,null,"Río Chiquito, Hacienda La Providencia, Táchira, Venezuela.","Five new birds from Rio Chiquito, Tachira, Venezuela and two extensions of ranges from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/387/mode/1up","Grallaricula cucullata venezuelana"],["15077","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula cumanensis","Hartert, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.37","Sucre Antpitta","Sucre Antpitta","Sucre Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane forest in the coastal cordillera of northeastern Venezuela from northeastern Anzoategui eastward to the Paria Peninsula",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736456","slcant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcant5","avibase-CB3D7CC3",null,null,"Los Palmales, and Rincon de San Antonio, Sucre, Venezuela.","[Exhibition and description of some new South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/195/mode/1up","Grallaricula cumanensis"],["15078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula cumanensis cumanensis","Hartert, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Sucre, and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4877D457",null,null,"Los Palmales, and Rincon de San Antonio, Sucre, Venezuela.","[Exhibition and description of some new South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/195/mode/1up","Grallaricula cumanensis"],["15079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula cumanensis pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.10 p.36-37",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (subtropical mountains of Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C6E918E",null,null,"Cerro Azul, Cristobal Colón, Paria Peninsula, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/52/mode/1up","Grallaricula nana pariae"],["15080","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula ferrugineipectus","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.129","Rusty-breasted Antpitta","Rusty-breasted Antpitta","Rusty-breasted Antpitta",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest, thickets, and bamboo stands in coastal mountains of northwestern Venezuela, eastward to Miranda, the Sierra de Perijá, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to the eastern Andes and the northern part of the central Andes of northern to central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660906","rubant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubant5","avibase-E9553357",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/141/mode/1up","Grallaria ferrugineipectus"],["15081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula ferrugineipectus rara","Hellmayr & Madarász, 1914","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia, and the Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/ Venezuela border); also a disjunct population in the Cauca Valley (Colombia), possibly an undescribed subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE063691",null,null,"Llanos de Medina, Cundinamarca, Colombia.","Description of a new Formicarian Bird from Columbia.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1914_Vol_12_88.pdf","Grallaricula rara"],["15082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula ferrugineipectus ferrugineipectus","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia) and mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B090F526",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/141/mode/1up","Grallaria ferrugineipectus"],["15083","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula nana","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.334","Slaty-crowned Antpitta","Slate-crowned Antpitta","Slate-crowned Antpitta",null,null,"dense bamboo thickets in humid montane forest in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela and in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru; in the western Andes southward to far northwestern Ecuador; and in the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and adjacent Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724986","slcant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcant2","avibase-287E1DD6",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/346/mode/1up","Grallaria nana"],["15084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula nana occidentalis","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia southward to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7116C36",null,null,"Sancudo, Caldas, Colombia.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/202/mode/1up","Grallaricula nana occidentalis"],["15085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula nana nana","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F0C5D02",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/346/mode/1up","Grallaria nana"],["15086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula nana hallsi","Donegan, 2008","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 128 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia (Serranía de los Yariguíes and Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F0888E8",null,null,"Alto Río Chimera, Serranía de los Yaraguíes, Simacota o el Carmen, 06°28'N, 73°28'W, Santander, Colombia.","Geographical variation in Slate-crowned Antpitta Grallaricula nana, with two new subspecies, from Colombia and Venezuela","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164184#page/168/mode/1up","Grallaricula nana hallsi"],["15087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula nana nanitaea","Donegan, 2008","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 128 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Venezuela and adjacent Colombia (Norte de Santander and Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE660E82",null,null,"La Culata, 08°45'N, 71°05' W (Paynter, 1982: 98), cerca de Mérida, Venezuela.","Geographical variation in Slate-crowned Antpitta Grallaricula nana, with two new subspecies, from Colombia and Venezuela","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164184#page/168/mode/1up","Grallaricula nana nanitaea"],["15088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula nana olivascens","Hellmayr, 1917","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13, no.1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela (Aragua and Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DC1E137",null,null,"Galipán, 2000 meters, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas, Venezuela.","Bechreibung von sechs neotropischen Vogelformen, nebst einer Bemerkung über Ampelion cinctus (Tsch.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/127/mode/1up","Grallaricula nana olivascens"],["15089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula nana kukenamensis","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FD92992",null,null,"Kukenam Mts., 5000 feet, 'British Guiana,' i.e. Venezuela.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/112/mode/1up","Grallaricula nana kukenamensis"],["15090","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula lineifrons","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.5 fig.2","Crescent-faced Antpitta","Crescent-faced Antpitta","Crescent-faced Antpitta",null,null,"locally in Andes of southern Colombia and Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703389","crfant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crfant1","avibase-FA147336",null,null,"Oyacachi, upper Papallacta River, Ecuador. Col. pl. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, pl. 27, fig. 2.","Descriptions of new genera and species of Tracheophonae from Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4333/","Apocryptornis lineifrons"],["15091","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula leymebambae","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.21","Rufous-breasted Antpitta","Leymebamba Antpitta","Rufous-breasted Antpitta",null,null,"local on west slope of the Andes of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Piura); east slope of the Andes from northern Peru (Amazonas south of the Río Marañón) to northern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660917","rubant7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubant7","avibase-53DD64DC",null,null,"Leymebamba, 7000 feet, Amazonas, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Grallaricula ferrugineipectus leymebambae"],["15092","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.68","Ochre-breasted Antpitta","Ochre-breasted Antpitta","Ochre-breasted Antpitta",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in Costa Rica and western Panama, eastern Panama, and adjacent Colombia, and in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to southern Ecuador (including Chindul mountains) and adjacent Peru, and in the eastern Andes of Peru (including Cerros del Sira) from the southern slope of the Marañón valley southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703362","ocbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbant1","avibase-051DF113",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/102/mode/1up","Grallaria flavirostris"],["15093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris costaricensis","Lawrence, 1866","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8, (not earlier than June 25) p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (east to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCF93476",null,null,"Barranca, Costa Rica.","Characters of seven new species of birds from Central and South America, with a note on Thamatias chionurus Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/365/mode/1up","Grallaricula Costaricensis"],["15094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris brevis","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (upper slopes of Cerro Pirre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BE0C4F9",null,null,"Mt. Pirri, 4500 feet, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/54/mode/1up","Grallaricula flavirostris brevis"],["15095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris ochraceiventris","Chapman, 1922","American Museum Novitates no.31 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4006155C",null,null,"Cocal, 4000 feet, Western Andes, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4602/","Grallaricula flavirostris ochraceiventris"],["15096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris mindoensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northern Ecuador (Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFF152E2",null,null,"near Mindo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of one new genus and species of Birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Grallaricula flavirostris mindoensis"],["15097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris zarumae","Chapman, 1922","American Museum Novitates no.31 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southwestern Ecuador (El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-522D6CAE",null,null,"Zaruma, 6000 feet, El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4602/","Grallaricula flavirostris zarumae"],["15098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris flavirostris","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Andes of Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6FE7A7E",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/102/mode/1up","Grallaria flavirostris"],["15099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris similis","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04F3233A",null,null,"Río Jelashte, 5000 feet, San Martin, Peru","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Grallaricula boliviana similis"],["15100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula flavirostris boliviana","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and of Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA6631B9",null,null,"Incachaca, 7700 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/293/mode/1up","Grallaricula boliviana"],["15101","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula peruviana","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.11","Peruvian Antpitta","Peruvian Antpitta","Peruvian Antpitta",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703381","perant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perant1","avibase-CE799E92",null,null,"Chaupe, 6100 feet, northwest of Huancabamba, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Grallaricula peruviana"],["15102","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula loricata","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.335 p.129","Scallop-breasted Antpitta","Scallop-breasted Antpitta","Scallop-breasted Antpitta",null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy to Distrito Federal)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703378","scbant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbant2","avibase-22AAE57C",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of Twelve New or Little-known Species of the South American Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/141/mode/1up","Grallaria loricata"],["15103","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaricula ochraceifrons","Graves, O'Neill & Parker, 1983","Wilson Bulletin 95, no.1 p.1-6","Ochre-fronted Antpitta","Ochre-fronted Antpitta","Ochre-fronted Antpitta",null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (San Martín and Amazonas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703384","ocfant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocfant1","avibase-7BD6E7C0",null,null,"Abra Patricia, 5°46'S, 77°41'W, San Martín, Perú.","Grallaricula ochraceifrons, a new species of antpitta from northern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol95/iss1/1/","Grallaricula ochraceifrons"],["15104","genus","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Grallaria perspicillata [Lawrence, 1861]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/95/mode/1up","Hylopezus"],["15105","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus auricularis","(Gyldenstolpe, 1941)","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B no.13 p.7","Masked Antpitta","Masked Antpitta","Masked Antpitta",null,null,"northern Bolivia (southeastern Pando and northern Beni)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728454","masant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masant1","avibase-44A0A4E3",null,null,"Victoria, confluence of Río Madre de Dios and Río Beni, distr. of Madre de Dios, Bolivia. Col. pl., Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. (3), 23, 1945, no. 1, pl. [l],fig.3.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new Birds from Bolivia.",null,"Grallaria auricularis"],["15106","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus ochroleucus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1032","White-browed Antpitta","White-browed Antpitta","White-browed Antpitta",null,null,"interior northeastern Brazil (Piauí and Ceará to far northern Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703349","whbant7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbant7","avibase-F900EC2D",null,null,"Arraial da Conquista, southern Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1054/mode/1up","Myioturdus ochroleucus"],["15107","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus perspicillatus","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.303","Streak-chested Antpitta","Streak-chested Antpitta","Streak-chested Antpitta",null,null,"humid forest of lowland and hills on Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras to western Panama and Pacific slope from north-central Costa Rica through Panama to north-central Colombia and, west of the Andes, to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703339","stcant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcant2","avibase-FC8137F0",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of three new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/323/mode/1up","Grallaria perspicillata"],["15108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus perspicillatus intermedius","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, p.391 p.406, footnote a",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7482B0A2",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/420/mode/1up","Grallaria intermedia"],["15109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus perspicillatus lizanoi","(Cherrie, 1891)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7280923D",null,null,"Trojas, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/386/mode/1up","Grallaria lizanoi"],["15110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus perspicillatus perspicillatus","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia (northern Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B04AFD52",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of three new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/323/mode/1up","Grallaria perspicillata"],["15111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus perspicillatus periophthalmicus","(Salvadori & Festa, 1898)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 13, no.330 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A0CACB5",null,null,"Río Peripa, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42045#page/230/mode/1up","Grallaria periophthalmica"],["15112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus perspicillatus pallidior","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (lower Cauca, upper Sinú, and Magdalena Valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA1B7648",null,null,"El Tambor, Santander, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/141/mode/1up","Hylopezus perspicillatus pallidior"],["15113","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus macularius","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.85, vol.2 text to Genus Pitta,sp.11","Spotted Antpitta","Spotted Antpitta",null,"2025-0745","Three species are recognized in the <em>Hylopezus macularius</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex based on the mitochondrial DNA and vocal differences outlined by Carneiro et al. (2012), with additional support from genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020): <em>H. macularius</em> (including <em>dilutus</em>); <em>H. whittakeri</em>; and <em>H. paraensis</em>. Although phenotypic and genetic divergence across this complex is modest, the newly described <em>Hylopezus whittakeri</em> is distinct vocally and was recovered as sister to <em>paraensis </em>(Carneiro et al. 2012; Harvey et al. 2020); thus, <em>paraensis </em>is also split to avoid creating a paraphyletic <em>H. macularius</em>.","tropical rainforest and gallery forest in the Guiana Shield and the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern and southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and eastern Colombia southward to northern Brazil, southeastern Colombia, and northeastern Peru north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,"spoant6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spoant6","avibase-CE02A627",null,null,"Brazil; error = Cayenne, type locality substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 370.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/432/mode/1up","Pitta macularia"],["15114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus macularius dilutus","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.3 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, southward to northeastern Peru, and north-central Brazil (west bank of the Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA7F16DF",null,null,"Abajo de São Thomar, Rio Negro, Brasil.","The birds of the Rio Madeira.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/394/mode/1up","Grallaria macularia diluta"],["15115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus macularius macularius","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.85, vol.2 text to Genus Pitta,sp.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil (north of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Branco and Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D01AF15",null,null,"Brazil; error = Cayenne, type locality substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 370.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/432/mode/1up","Pitta macularia"],["15116","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus paraensis","(Snethlage, 1910)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.192","Snethlage's Antpitta","Snethlage's Antpitta",null,"2025-0745","Three species are recognized in the <em>Hylopezus macularius</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex based on the mitochondrial DNA and vocal differences outlined by Carneiro et al. (2012), with additional support from genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020): <em>H. macularius</em> (including <em>dilutus</em>); <em>H. whittakeri</em>; and <em>H. paraensis</em>. Although phenotypic and genetic divergence across this complex is modest, the newly described <em>Hylopezus whittakeri</em> is distinct vocally and was recovered as sister to <em>paraensis </em>(Carneiro et al. 2012; Harvey et al. 2020); thus, <em>paraensis </em>is also split to avoid creating a paraphyletic <em>H. macularius</em>.","Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River and east of the Xingu, eastward to western Maranhão)",null,null,null,"spoant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spoant5","avibase-5E70FF0F",null,null,"Ourém, Rio Guamá, este de Pará, Brasil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/206/mode/1up","Grallaria macularia paraensis"],["15117","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Hylopezus whittakeri","Carneiro, Gonzaga, Rêgo et al., 2012","The Auk 129, no.2 p.338-351","Alta Floresta Antpitta","Alta Floresta Antpitta",null,"2025-0745","Three species are recognized in the <em>Hylopezus macularius</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex based on the mitochondrial DNA and vocal differences outlined by Carneiro et al. (2012), with additional support from genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020): <em>H. macularius</em> (including <em>dilutus</em>); <em>H. whittakeri</em>; and <em>H. paraensis</em>. Although phenotypic and genetic divergence across this complex is modest, the newly described <em>Hylopezus whittakeri</em> is distinct vocally and was recovered as sister to <em>paraensis </em>(Carneiro et al. 2012; Harvey et al. 2020); thus, <em>paraensis </em>is also split to avoid creating a paraphyletic <em>H. macularius</em>.","Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River, between the Madeira and the Xingu)",null,null,null,"alfant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alfant1","avibase-ED55CD26",null,null,"Belterra, Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, base Sucupira, 03 21'22\"S, 54 56'57\"W, Pará, Brasil.","Systematic revision of the spotted antpitta hylopezus macularius (grallariidae), with description of a cryptic new species from brazilian amazonia.","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/129/2/338/5148648","Hylopezus whittakeri"],["15118","genus","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myrmornis campanisona [Hermann, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 311). = Myrmornis campanisona Hermann, 1783",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f49.item","Myrmothera"],["15119","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera fulviventris","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.68","White-lored Antpitta","White-lored Antpitta","White-lored Antpitta","2025-0748","Taxa <em>fulviventris, berlepschi</em>, and <em>dives </em>are placed in the genus <em>Myrmothera</em>, and <em>nattereri </em>is placed in the newly described genus <em>Cryptopezus </em>based on genetic evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Carneiro et al. 2019) that the traditional genus <em>Hylopezus </em>is paraphyletic.","dense thickets, riparian forest, and overgrown clearings in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward across eastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703343","whlant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlant2","avibase-601048C6",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/102/mode/1up","Grallaria fulviventris"],["15120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera fulviventris caquetae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of far southeastern Colombia (western Caquetá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7E6FD37",null,null,"Morelia, Caquetá, Colombia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Hylopezus dives caquetae"],["15121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera fulviventris fulviventris","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador and far northern Peru (south to Iquitos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CADC4E8",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/102/mode/1up","Grallaria fulviventris"],["15122","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera berlepschi","(Hellmayr, 1903)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.218","Amazonian Antpitta","Amazonian Antpitta","Amazonian Antpitta","2025-0748","Taxa <em>fulviventris, berlepschi</em>, and <em>dives </em>are placed in the genus <em>Myrmothera</em>, and <em>nattereri </em>is placed in the newly described genus <em>Cryptopezus </em>based on genetic evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Carneiro et al. 2019) that the traditional genus <em>Hylopezus </em>is paraphyletic.","dense thickets, riparian forest, overgrown clearings, gallery forest, and bamboo stands in the Amazon basin south of the Amazon River, from northern Brazil (Pará and eastern Amazonas) southward to south-central Brazil, northern Bolivia southward to western Santa Cruz, and southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703346","amaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amaant1","avibase-B7FFE09E",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/226/mode/1up","Grallaria berlepschi"],["15123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera berlepschi yessupi","(Carriker, 1930)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 82 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Peru and immediately adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F4E18FC",null,null,"Puerto Yessup, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064083","Grallaria berlepschi yessupi"],["15124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera berlepschi berlepschi","(Hellmayr, 1903)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil (between lower Rio Xingu and lower Rio Tapajós) to southeastern Peru and north-central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AC453BB",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/226/mode/1up","Grallaria berlepschi"],["15125","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera dives","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.582","Thicket Antpitta","Thicket Antpitta","Thicket Antpitta","2025-0748","Taxa <em>fulviventris, berlepschi</em>, and <em>dives </em>are placed in the genus <em>Myrmothera</em>, and <em>nattereri </em>is placed in the newly described genus <em>Cryptopezus </em>based on genetic evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Carneiro et al. 2019) that the traditional genus <em>Hylopezus </em>is paraphyletic.","humid thickets and forest edge of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras to central Panama, disjunctly from east Panama and south, west of Andes, to far southwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729072","thiant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thiant1","avibase-FF02D7B1",null,null,"Tucurriqui, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/678/mode/1up","Grallaria dives"],["15126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera dives dives","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE4B9691",null,null,"Tucurriqui, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/678/mode/1up","Grallaria dives"],["15127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera dives flammulata","(Griscom, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.293 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of western Panama (Bocas del Toro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49802CF9",null,null,"Almirante, Bocas del Toro, Panama.","New Birds from Mexico and Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4117/","Hylopezus fulviventris flammulatus"],["15128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera dives barbacoae","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.617",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama (Darién) and western Colombia (Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A56D2994",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Hylopezus dives barbacoae"],["15129","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera campanisona","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.189","Thrush-like Antpitta","Thrush-like Antpitta","Thrush-like Antpitta","2025-0746","Taxon <em>subcanescens </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Myrmothera campanisona</em> based on vocalizations (Krabbe &amp; Schulenberg 2003; Boesman 2016hhh) and genetics (Carneiro et al. 2018). Although phenotypic differences are slight, vocal differences are marked, and <em>subcanescens </em>is recovered as sister to <em>M. simplex </em>based on mitochondrial DNA and multilocus data (Carneiro et al. 2018).","tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield and Orinoco and Amazon basins, from eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to south-central Brazil (northern Mato Grosso and Rondônia), eastern Peru, and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232624597","thlant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlant2","avibase-A54A1842",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/209/mode/1up","Myrmornim campanisonam"],["15130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera campanisona modesta","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.89, pl. 95",null,null,null,null,null,"base of eastern Andes of southeastern Colombia (south from Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F3FC9A1",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/871/mode/1up","Grallaria modesta"],["15131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera campanisona dissors","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.703 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northwestern Amazonian Brazil (including the west bank of the lower Rio Negro, the Rio Negro-Rio Branco interfluvium, and west of the Rio Branco in northwestern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CE016ED",null,null,"Cano Casiquiare, right bank, opposite El Merey, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 12. Notes on the genera Hylophylax, Myrmothera and Grallaria.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4504/","Myrmothera campanisona dissors"],["15132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera campanisona campanisona","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil (east of Rio Branco and north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8483A3F6",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Buffon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/209/mode/1up","Myrmornim campanisonam"],["15133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera campanisona signata","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.703 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6447E6F4",null,null,"below San Jose, eastern Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 12. Notes on the genera Hylophylax, Myrmothera and Grallaria.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4504/","Myrmothera campanisoma signata"],["15134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera campanisona minor","(Taczanowski, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to far northwestern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBDD2487",null,null,"Yurimaguas, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/69/mode/1up","Grallaria minor"],["15135","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera subcanescens","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.176","Tapajos Antpitta","Tapajos Antpitta","Tapajos Antpitta","2025-0746","Taxon <em>subcanescens </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Myrmothera campanisona</em> based on vocalizations (Krabbe &amp; Schulenberg 2003; Boesman 2016hhh) and genetics (Carneiro et al. 2018). Although phenotypic differences are slight, vocal differences are marked, and <em>subcanescens </em>is recovered as sister to <em>M. simplex </em>based on mitochondrial DNA and multilocus data (Carneiro et al. 2018).","Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River, from the right (east) bank of the Rio Madeira to the upper Rio Xingu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232624976","thlant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlant3","avibase-4C1F9C2A",null,null,"Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/202/mode/1up","Myrmothera campanisoma subcanescens"],["15136","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera simplex","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.451","Tepui Antpitta","Tepui Antpitta","Tepui Antpitta",null,null,"dense humid forest, cloudforest, and stunted woodland in the tepuis of southern and southeastern Venezuela, adjacent western Guyana, and northernmost Brazil, in Roraima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703358","tepant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tepant1","avibase-FEBA3A57",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 5000 feet, 'British Guiana,' i.e. Venezuela.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/507/mode/1up","Grallaria simplex"],["15137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera simplex pacaraimae","Phelps & Dickerman, 1980","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 33 no.138 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (Pacaraima Mountains) and immediately adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-190E46E1",null,null,"Cerro Urutaní, Sierra Pacaraima, Cabeceras del Río Paragua, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Cuatro subespecies nuevas de aves (Furnariidae, Formicariidae) de la region de Pantepui, Estado Bolivar y Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-subespecies-nuevas-de-aves-furnariidae-formicariidae-de-la-region-de-pantepui-estado-bolivar-y-territorio-amazonas-venezuela/","Myrmothera simplex pacaraimae"],["15138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera simplex simplex","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (Gran Sabana and Mount Roraima) and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-610FD31A",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 5000 feet, 'British Guiana,' i.e. Venezuela.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/507/mode/1up","Grallaria simplex"],["15139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera simplex guaiquinimae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (cerros Guaiquinima and Paurai-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB9C470E",null,null,"Mt. Guaiquinima, 1540 meters,","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Myrmothera simplex guaiquinimae"],["15140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Myrmothera simplex duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (cerros Yaví, Duida, and Neblina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C19CF2",null,null,"Central Camp, 4800 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Myrmothera simplex duidae"],["15141","genus","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Formicarius varius [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Formicarius varius Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f49.item","Grallaria"],["15142","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria squamigera","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas livr.1[\"1846\"] pl.3","Undulated Antpitta","Undulated Antpitta","Undulated Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane forest, humid montane scrub, and Polylepis woodland in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north and west of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón southward to western Bolivia (Cochabamba); also in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in northern Colombia (possibly a new taxon)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703237","undant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/undant1","avibase-D9979344",null,null,"no locality = Bogotá, ex Voy. 'Venus,' 5, Zool., 1849, p. 199.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239184#page/45/mode/1up","Grallaria squamigera"],["15143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria squamigera squamigera","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas livr.1[\"1846\"] pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia (including a possibly new taxon in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), Ecuador, and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F1886AB",null,null,"no locality = Bogotá, ex Voy. 'Venus,' 5, Zool., 1849, p. 199.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239184#page/45/mode/1up","Grallaria squamigera"],["15144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria squamigera canicauda","Chapman, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (Cajamarca) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA1C02AE",null,null,"Cocopunco, 10,000 feet, Larecaja, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Grallaria squamigera canicauda"],["15145","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria excelsa","Berlepsch, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.11","Great Antpitta","Great Antpitta","Great Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of central Venezuela, the Andes, and Sierra de Perijá in western Venezuela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703243","greant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greant2","avibase-AF9CB0EA",null,null,"Montana Aricagua, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","Diagnosen neuer südamerikanischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/25/mode/1up","Grallaria excelsa"],["15146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria excelsa excelsa","Berlepsch, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá) and Andes of Lara to Táchira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC8D8E47",null,null,"Montana Aricagua, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","Diagnosen neuer südamerikanischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/25/mode/1up","Grallaria excelsa"],["15147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria excelsa phelpsi","Gilliard, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1016 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Colonia Tovar in Aragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B0B6D0E",null,null,"Colonia Tovar, 5900 feet, Aragua, Venezuela.","A new race of Grallaria excelsa from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4830/","Grallaria excelsa phelpsi"],["15148","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria gigantea","Lawrence, 1866","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.345","Giant Antpitta","Giant Antpitta","Giant Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane cloudforest in the Andes of southern Colombia (west slope of the central Andes) southward to northwestern and northeastern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703240","giaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giaant1","avibase-15C83177",null,null,"Ecuador.","Characters of seven new species of birds from Central and South America, with a note on Thamatias chionurus Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/365/mode/1up","Grallaria gigantea"],["15149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria gigantea lehmanni","Wetmore, 1945","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia at head of Magdalena Valley; no modern records, and probably extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C186A92A",null,null,"San Marcos, 3000 meters, Moscopan, Cauca, Colombia.","A review of the Giant Antpitta Grallaria gigantea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/45/mode/1up","Grallaria gigantea lehmanni"],["15150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria gigantea hylodroma","Wetmore, 1945","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and west slope of Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55FFB93C",null,null,"Gualea, 6000 feet, Pichincha, Ecuador.","A review of the Giant Antpitta Grallaria gigantea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/44/mode/1up","Grallaria gigantea hylodroma"],["15151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria gigantea gigantea","Lawrence, 1866","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador (Carchi and Napo southward to Tungurahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CAFF196",null,null,"Ecuador.","Characters of seven new species of birds from Central and South America, with a note on Thamatias chionurus Gould.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/365/mode/1up","Grallaria gigantea"],["15152","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria griseonucha","Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.786","Grey-naped Antpitta","Gray-naped Antpitta","Grey-naped Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane forest in the Andes of western Venezuela (northeastern Táchira and south-central Mérida and eastern Trujillo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703320","gynant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gynant1","avibase-FFB6037B",null,null,"Páramo de Culata, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/906/mode/1up","Grallaria griseonucha"],["15153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria griseonucha tachirae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1274 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (northeastern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5B7492D",null,null,"Boca de Monte, 2300 meters, Pregonero, Táchira, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2300/","Grallaria griseonucha tachirae"],["15154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria griseonucha griseonucha","Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.786",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (eastern Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EBF6CD4",null,null,"Páramo de Culata, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/906/mode/1up","Grallaria griseonucha"],["15155","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria haplonota","Sclater, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.4 p.442","Plain-backed Antpitta","Plain-backed Antpitta","Plain-backed Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane and foothill forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to the Paria Peninsula; also from the western slope of the western Andes of Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador, and in the eastern slope of the Andes from southeastern Colombia southward to northeastern Peru, and again in Cerros del Sira, in southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703259","plbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbant1","avibase-BC3FAE8B",null,null,"Venezuela, = vicinity of Caracas.","Description of two new Ant-birds of the Genus Grallaria, with a List of the known Species of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/484/mode/1up","Grallaria haplonota"],["15156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria haplonota haplonota","Sclater, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.4 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Lara, Carabobo, Aragua, and Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02E1B9AD",null,null,"Venezuela, = vicinity of Caracas.","Description of two new Ant-birds of the Genus Grallaria, with a List of the known Species of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/484/mode/1up","Grallaria haplonota"],["15157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria haplonota pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.10 p.37-38",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (subtropical mountains of Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8800CA29",null,null,"Cerro Azul, Cristobal Colón, Paria Peninsula, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/53/mode/1up","Grallaria haplonota pariae"],["15158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria haplonota parambae","Rothschild, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia (Risaralda) to southern Ecuador (El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCC105FB",null,null,"Paramba, 3500 feet, Ecuador. Col. pl. of type, Nov. Zool., 8, pl. 5, fig. 3.","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Grallaria].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/194/mode/1up","Grallaria parambae"],["15159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria haplonota chaplinae","Robbins & Ridgely, 1986","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 106, no.3 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EA710A1",null,null,"Cordillera de Cutucú, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador.","A new race of Grallaria haplonota (Formicariidae) from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/510/mode/1up","Grallaria haplonota chaplinae"],["15160","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria alleni","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.148","Moustached Antpitta","Moustached Antpitta","Moustached Antpitta",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the western and central Andes of Colombia southward to northwestern and northeastern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703252","mouant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouant1","avibase-73BDA8FB",null,null,"Salento, 7000 feet, Central Andes, Cauca, Colombia. Col. pl. of type, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, pl. 39, right-hand fig.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Grallaria alleni"],["15161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria alleni alleni","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of central Andes of Colombia (Risaralda in Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B663B9C",null,null,"Salento, 7000 feet, Central Andes, Cauca, Colombia. Col. pl. of type, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, pl. 39, right-hand fig.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Grallaria alleni"],["15162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria alleni andaquiensis","Hernández-Camacho & Rodríguez-Mahecha, 1979","Caldasia 12, no.60 p.574",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia (Magdalena) to Ecuador (Napo and Cotopaxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCF5B8A5",null,null,"Inmediaciones de la Cueva de los Guácharos, valle del Río Suaza, Acevedo, Huila, Colombia.","Dos nuevos taxa del genero Grallaria (Aves: Formicariidae) del alto Valle del Magdalena (Colombia).","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/34596/34806","Grallaria alleni andaquiensis"],["15163","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas livr.1[\"1846\"] pl.4","Scaled Antpitta","Scaled Antpitta","Scaled Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane forest, tropical rainforest, pine-oak forest, dense humid scrub from Pacific and Gulf of Mexico slopes in central Mexico southward along montane areas of Central America to eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia; west of the Andes southward to northwestern Peru; east of the Andes in Trinidad, Isla Margarita, locally in the coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela and along the foothills of the Andes from western Venezuela, including Sierra de Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, southward to west-central Bolivia; in the western Amazon basin, in eastern Ecuador and adjacent Peru also to the lowlands; and in the tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent western Guyana, and northernmost Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703249","scaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaant1","avibase-2DCEE578",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239184#page/47/mode/1up","Grallaria guatimalensis"],["15164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis binfordi","Dickerman, 1990","The Southwestern Naturalist 35, no.4 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico (México, Distrito Federal, Morelos, and north-central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72D17CA8",null,null,"Cuernavaca, alt. 6000 feet (=north, at higher elevation on divide between Cuernavaca and the Valley of Mexico), State of Morelos, Mexico.","The Scaled Antpitta, Grallaria guatimalensis, in Mexico.",null,"Grallaria guatimalensis binfordi"],["15165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis ochraceiventris","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Jalisco to Hidalgo, Guerrero, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5896F6B6",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/84/mode/1up","Grallaria ochraceiventris"],["15166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis guatimalensis","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas livr.1[\"1846\"] pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (northwestern Veracruz and Oaxaca) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F2D877A",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239184#page/47/mode/1up","Grallaria guatimalensis"],["15167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis princeps","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.418-419",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Costa Rica to western Panama (Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A344309B",null,null,"Calovevora, Veragua, Panama.","Description of six new Species of American Birds of the Families Tanagridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Scolopacidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/498/mode/1up","Grallaria princeps"],["15168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis chocoensis","Chapman, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Panama (Darién) and northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF161A00",null,null,"Baudo, 3000 feet, Chocó, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Grallaria guatimalensis chocoensis"],["15169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis regulus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from western Venezuela south, on west slope, to northwestern Peru (Cajamarca) and, on east slope, to central Peru (Cusco); also in lowlands of eastern Ecuador and far northern Peru; subspecific identity of population in coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela is undetermined",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7EE9107",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/100/mode/1up","Grallaria regulus"],["15170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis sororia","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1901","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie Tome XI (1900-1901) p.194-195",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru (Cusco) to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEF993A3",null,null,"Idma, Santa Ana [Cusco], Peru.","Descriptions d'oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central recueillis par le voyageur polonais Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81337#page/234/mode/1up","Grallaria sororia"],["15171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis carmelitae","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia) and Sierra de Perijá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33E574A6",null,null,"Pueblo Viejo, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/109/mode/1up","Grallaria varia carmelitae"],["15172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis aripoensis","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Trinidad; very rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D33280E4",null,null,"Aripo Mts., 2000 feet, Trinidad.","Description of two new subspecies from the Island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/37/mode/1up","Grallaria guatimalensis aripoensis"],["15173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria guatimalensis roraimae","Chubb, 1921","The birds of British Guiana 1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent northern Brazil, and western Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EB261A9",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 5000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115647#page/204/mode/1up","Grallaria regulus roraimae"],["15174","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria chthonia","Wetmore & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.6","Tachira Antpitta","Tachira Antpitta","Tachira Antpitta",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (southwestern Táchira)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703255","tacant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacant1","avibase-1585B1C0",null,null,"Río Chiquito, Hacienda la Providencia, Táchira, Venezuela.","Further additions to the list of birds of Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/240/mode/1up","Grallaria chthonia"],["15175","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria varia","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44","Variegated Antpitta","Variegated Antpitta","Variegated Antpitta",null,null,"humid lowland and foothill forest from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the central and eastern Amazon basin to southern Pará and eastern Rondônia, and westward along the Rio Negro to southern Venezuela, far northeastern Peru and far southeastern Colombia; also in the Atlantic Forest region from southern Bahia, in eastern Brazil, southward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil, in northern Rio Grande do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703246","varant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varant2","avibase-83213F7A",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 702.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Formicarius varius"],["15176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria varia cinereiceps","Hellmayr, 1903","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Venezuela, adjacent northwestern Brazil, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F95F85F",null,null,"Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/226/mode/1up","Grallaria varia cinereiceps"],["15177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria varia varia","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (westward from lower Rio Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1294516A",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 702.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Formicarius varius"],["15178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria varia distincta","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.176-177",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós, southward to Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72AAB22D",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará], Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/202/mode/1up","Grallaria varia distincta"],["15179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria varia intercedens","Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6, (January) p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil in Pernambuco (formerly), and from southern Bahia southward to eastern Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7532294",null,null,"Baia; type a trade skin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/37/mode/1up","Grallaria imperator subsp. nov. intercedens"],["15180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria varia imperator","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41EE8D2C",null,null,"Saint Paul = State of São Paulo, Brazil.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/345/mode/1up","Grallaria imperator"],["15181","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria andicolus","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.318 pl.4 fig.3","Stripe-headed Antpitta","Stripe-headed Antpitta","Stripe-headed Antpitta",null,null,"Polylepis-Gynoxys woodland, puna grassland, and treeline in the Andes from northern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703281","sthant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthant2","avibase-821D3E2C",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/330/mode/1up","Hypsibamon andicolus"],["15182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria andicolus andicolus","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.318 pl.4 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Peruvian Andes, locally in West Andes (southern Cajamarca southward to Ayacucho) and in Central Andes (southern Amazonas southward to Apurímac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95E84296",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/330/mode/1up","Hypsibamon andicolus"],["15183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria andicolus punensis","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco and Puno) and western Bolivia (western La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2234A0F",null,null,"Limbare, 3000 meters, Puno, Peru.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/73/mode/1up","Grallaria punensis"],["15184","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria spatiator","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.177","Sierra Nevada Antpitta","Sierra Nevada Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,"rufant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant5","avibase-7F337E40",null,null,"Macotama, 8000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/203/mode/1up","Grallaria spatiator"],["15185","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria saltuensis","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.4","Perija Antpitta","Perija Antpitta","Perija Antpitta","2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660400","rufant6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant6","avibase-A8A394CF",null,null,"south of the South Teta above Airoca, 9500-10,000 feet, Sierra de Perijá, Magdalena, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/660/mode/1up","Grallaria rufula saltuensis"],["15186","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria rufula","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.99","Muisca Antpitta","Muisca Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","Andes of Venezuela (Táchira) and eastern Andes of Colombia southward to Cundinamarca and western Meta (but absent from the west slope in the Iguaque Massif in Boyacá and far southwestern Santander)",null,null,null,"rufant7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant7","avibase-8E101A71",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/107/mode/1up","Grallaria rufula"],["15187","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria rufocinerea","Sclater & Salvin, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.526","Bicolored Antpitta","Bicolored Antpitta","Bicolored Antpitta",null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (from Antioquia southward) to eastern Andes of far northern Ecuador (northwestern Sucumbíos)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703292","bicant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bicant3","avibase-E1A86347",null,null,"Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/288/mode/1up","Grallaria rufo-cinerea"],["15188","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria alvarezi","Cuervo, Cadena, Isler & Chesser, 2020","Zootaxa 4817 (1) 001-074","Chami Antpitta","Chami Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","western Andes of Colombia (northwestern Antioquia southward to northwestern Cauca)",null,null,null,"chaant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaant4","avibase-4248B7F6",null,null,"Colombia, Dpto. Risaralda, mpio. Pueblo Rico, vda. La Cumbre, PNN Tatamá (5°9'29\"N, 76°1'0\"W, elevation 2620–2680 m).","Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903","Grallaria alvarezi"],["15189","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria saturata","Domaniewski & Sztolcman, 1918","Disciplinarum Biologicarum Archivum Societatis Scientiarum Varsoviensis Classe 4, Sciences biologiques pp. 479-484","Equatorial Antpitta","Equatorial Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","central Andes of Colombia southward through Ecuador to northern Peru (north and west of the Río Marañón); also on the west slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia, in the Iguaque Massif in Boyacá, and far southwestern Santander",null,null,null,"equant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/equant1","avibase-312C2924",null,null,"San Rafael, Tungurahua, Ecuador","Contribution à la connaissance des formes du genre Grallaria Vieillot.",null,"Grallaria rufula saturata"],["15190","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria cajamarcae","(Chapman, 1927)","American Museum Novitates no.250 p.2","Cajamarca Antpitta","Cajamarca Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","Andes of northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,"rufant8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant8","avibase-D9973A40",null,null,"Chugur, 9000 feet, 40 miles northwest of Cajamarca, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from north-western Peru and western Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4109/","Oropezus cajamarcae"],["15191","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria blakei","Graves, 1987","Wilson Bulletin 99, no.3 p.313-321","Chestnut Antpitta","Chestnut Antpitta",null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas south of the Río Marañón, southward to Huánuco, and north of the Río Huallaga)",null,null,null,"cheant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cheant2","avibase-C5562CC0",null,null,"Ladera este de la Cordillera Carpish, cerca de la Carretera Central Huánuco, Perú.","A cryptic new species of antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Peruvian Andes.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol99/iss3/1/","Grallaria blakei"],["15192","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria gravesi","Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner, 2020","Zootaxa 4817 (1) 001-074","Chachapoyas Antpitta","Chachapoyas Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","east slope of the Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas south of the Río Marañón, southward to Huánuco, and north of the Río Huallaga)",null,null,null,"chaant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaant5","avibase-592F3341",null,null,"Puerto del Monte, ca. 30 km NE Los Alisos, San Martín, Peru (approximately 77° 28' W, 07° 32' S, elevation 3250 m)","Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903","Grallaria gravesi"],["15193","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria oneilli","Chesser & Isler, 2020","Zootaxa 4817 (1) 001-074","Panao Antpitta","Panao Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","east slope of the Andes of central Peru (Huánuco south of the Río Huallaga and Pasco north of the Río Perené)",null,null,null,"panant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/panant1","avibase-97A8C8BF",null,null,"Bosque Potrero, 14 km W Panao, Huánuco, Peru (76° 05' W, 09° 59' S, elevation 3345 m).","Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903","Grallaria oneilli"],["15194","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria obscura","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.385","Junin Antpitta","Junin Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","east slope of the Andes of central Peru (Junín, south of the Río Perené and Río Paucartambo, north of the Río Mantaro, and west of the Río Ene)",null,null,null,"rufant9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant9","avibase-52734354",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/443/mode/1up","Grallaria rufula obscura"],["15195","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria centralis","Hosner, Robbins, Isler & Chesser, 2020","Zootaxa 4817 (1) 001-074","Oxapampa Antpitta","Oxapampa Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","east slope of the Andes of central Peru (Huánuco south of the Río Huallaga southward through Pasco to Junín, west of the Río Ene, and north of the Río Mantaro)",null,null,null,"oxaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oxaant1","avibase-53392BEC",null,null,"Along the Río Satipo above Calabaza, Junín (11° 31' S, 74° 52' W, elevation 2400 m).","Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903","Grallaria centralis"],["15196","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ayacuchensis","Hosner, Robbins, Isler & Chesser, 2020","Zootaxa 4817 (1) 001-074","Ayacucho Antpitta","Ayacucho Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","east slope of the Andes of south-central Peru (Ayacucho, west of the Río Apurímac between the Río Mantaro and Río Pampas)",null,null,null,"ayaant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ayaant1","avibase-2A3E14B1",null,null,"Chupón, Dpto. Ayacucho, Peru (13° 16' S, 73°30' W, elevation 3300 m).","Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903","Grallaria ayacuchensis"],["15197","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria occabambae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.8","Urubamba Antpitta","Urubamba Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","humid montane forest and scrub and bamboo stands in the Andes of southeastern Peru, from Junin southward to Cusco",null,null,null,"rufant10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant10","avibase-DFC48396",null,null,"Occabamba Valley, 9100 feet, Urubamba region, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Oropezus rufula occabambae"],["15198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria occabambae occabambae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of southern Peru, in far eastern Junín (Cordillera Vilcabamba) and Cusco (west of Río Yanatili valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75A116FB",null,null,"Occabamba Valley, 9100 feet, Urubamba region, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Oropezus rufula occabambae"],["15199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria occabambae marcapatensis","Isler & Chesser, 2020","Zootaxa 4817 (1) 001-074",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of southern Peru (eastern Cusco, east of the Río Yanatili valley and between the Río Tambo to the north and the Río Marcapata to the south)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-879F1AED",null,null,"Amacho, Cusco, Peru (near Marcapata, 70° 55' W, 13° 30' S, elevation 2750 m).","Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903","Grallaria occabambae marcapatensis"],["15200","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria cochabambae","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Notulae Naturae 44 p.3","Bolivian Antpitta","Bolivian Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","east slope of the Andes of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and adjacent Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,"rufant11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant11","avibase-5F185701",null,null,"Incachaca, 10,000 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Description of new Birds from Bolivia. Part III. Mesomyodi.",null,"Grallaria rufula cochabambae"],["15201","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria sinaensis","Robbins, Isler, Chesser & Tobias, 2020","Zootaxa 4817 (1) 001-074","Puno Antpitta","Puno Antpitta",null,"2025-0744","A revision of the <em>Grallaria rufula</em> complex is adopted based on the comprehensive reviews of Chesser et al. (2020a) and Isler et al. (2020) integrating genetic, vocal, and plumage characters. This includes recognition of <em>Grallaria rufocinerea</em> as a member of this complex; elevating taxa <em>spatiator, saltuensis, saturata, occabambae</em> (including a newly described subspecies, <em>marcapatensis</em>), <em>cochabambae, cajamarcae, rufula</em>, and <em>obscura </em>to species rank; and the recognition of six monotypic species that are newly described: <em>G. alvarezi; G. gravesi; G. oneilli; G. centralis; G. ayacuchensis; </em>and<em> G. sinaensis</em>.","east slope of the Andes of far southeastern Peru (Puno) and adjacent Bolivia (far western La Paz)",null,null,null,"punant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punant1","avibase-B1B6891A",null,null,"Below Sina, Dpto. Puno, Peru (14° 29' S, 69° 17' W, elevation 3100 m);","Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903","Grallaria sinaensis"],["15202","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria dignissima","Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.160 pl.17","Ochre-striped Antpitta","Ochre-striped Antpitta","Ochre-striped Antpitta",null,null,"far southeastern Colombia (western Putumayo) to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703262","ocsant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocsant1","avibase-5D82B799",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/224/mode/1up","Grallaria dignissima"],["15203","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria eludens","Lowery & O'Neill, 1969","The Auk 86, no.1 p.3,front.","Elusive Antpitta","Elusive Antpitta","Elusive Antpitta",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Peru (Ucayali and Madre de Dios) and adjacent Brazil (Acre)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703265","eluant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eluant1","avibase-9E50CABF",null,null,"Balta, Río Curanja, 10° 08' S.71° 13' W, Loreto, Perú.","A New Species of Antpitta from Peru and a Revision of the Subfamily Grallariinae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol86/iss1/1/","Grallaria eludens"],["15204","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ridgelyi","Krabbe, Agro, Rice et al., 1999","The Auk 116, no.4 p.882-890","Jocotoco Antpitta","Jocotoco Antpitta","Jocotoco Antpitta",null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (upper Río Chinchipe drainage)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724628","jocant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jocant1","avibase-6F24D8CB",null,null,"Quebrada Honda, Zamora-Chinchipe, 04°29'S, 79°08'W., Ecuador.","A New Species of Antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Southern Ecuadorian Andes","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol116/iss4/3/","Grallaria ridgelyi"],["15205","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria carrikeri","Schulenberg & Williams, 1982","Wilson Bulletin 94, no.2 p.105-113","Pale-billed Antpitta","Pale-billed Antpitta","Pale-billed Antpitta",null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas and La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703299","pabant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabant1","avibase-18671DC1",null,null,"Cordillera Colán, sureste de La Peca, 5°34'S, 78°19'W, Amazonas, Perú.","A new species of antpitta (Grallaria) from northern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol94/iss2/1/","Grallaria carrikeri"],["15206","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria nuchalis","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.441","Chestnut-naped Antpitta","Chestnut-naped Antpitta","Chestnut-naped Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane forest and bamboo stands in the western and central Andes of Colombia, also locally in the western slope of the eastern Andes in northern Colombia, southward to northwestern Ecuador, and from southeastern Colombia southward to far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703296","chnant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chnant1","avibase-CAB60F3C",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","On some new little-known Birds from the Rio Napo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/551/mode/1up","Grallaria nuchalis"],["15207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria nuchalis ruficeps","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.729",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (central Andes and west slope of eastern Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BCF16A3",null,null,"Antioquia, Colombia; type from Medellin.","[Characters of two new species of birds obtained by Mr. Salmon in the State of Antioquia, Columbia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/877/mode/1up","Grallaria ruficeps"],["15208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria nuchalis obsoleta","Chubb, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of northwestern Ecuador (Imbabura and Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-194A1AB3",null,null,"west side of Mt. Pichincha, 12,000 feet, Ecuador.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/253/mode/1up","Grallaria nuchalis obsoleta"],["15209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria nuchalis nuchalis","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador and far northern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9709AF79",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","On some new little-known Birds from the Rio Napo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/551/mode/1up","Grallaria nuchalis"],["15210","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria albigula","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.8","White-throated Antpitta","White-throated Antpitta","White-throated Antpitta",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and western Bolivia to far northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703302","whtant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtant2","avibase-76F3ABA6",null,null,"Santo Domingo, 6000 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Grallaria albigula"],["15211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria albigula albigula","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF6421C1",null,null,"Santo Domingo, 6000 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Grallaria albigula"],["15212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria albigula cinereiventris","Olrog & Contino, 1970","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 16 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina south through Jujuy",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-560EFE81",null,null,"El Jordán, Valle Grande, Cerro Calilegua, Jujuy, Argentina.","Una nueva subespecie de Grallaria albigula Chapman (Aves, Formicariidae).",null,"Grallaria albigula cinereiventris"],["15213","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria watkinsi","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.255","Watkins's Antpitta","Watkins's Antpitta","Watkins's Antpitta",null,null,"lowlands and Andes of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703277","watant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watant1","avibase-3862FDBB",null,null,"Milagros, 2200 feet, Piura, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/291/mode/1up","Grallaria watkinsi"],["15214","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.333","Chestnut-crowned Antpitta","Chestnut-crowned Antpitta","Chestnut-crowned Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane cloudforest, humid to semi-humid scrub and woodland, bamboo stands in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, in the Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703274","chcant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcant2","avibase-F46A4E19",null,null,"'Habitat in Bolivia, Santa Fé de Bogotá' = Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/345/mode/1up","Grallaria Ruficapilla"],["15215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla ruficapilla","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2B4C4A7",null,null,"'Habitat in Bolivia, Santa Fé de Bogotá' = Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/345/mode/1up","Grallaria Ruficapilla"],["15216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla perijana","Phelps & Gilliard, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1100 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7E733C1",null,null,"La Sabana, 1500 meters, Río Negro, Perijá District, Zulia, Venezuela.","Six new Birds from the Perijá Mountains of Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4678/","Grallaria ruficapilla perijana"],["15217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla avilae","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1914","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12, no.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela and Andes of Lara",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E75D878",null,null,"Galipán, 2000 meters, Cerro del Avila, Venezuela.","Neue Vögel aus dem tropischen Amerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/130/mode/1up","Grallaria ruficapilla avilae"],["15218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla nigrolineata","Sclater, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Táchira, Mérida, and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3261314E",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34360#page/343/mode/1up","Grallaria nigro-lineata"],["15219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla connectens","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FC8D723",null,null,"Taraguacocha, 9750 feet, Cordillera de Chilla, El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Grallaria ruficapilla connectens"],["15220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ecuador (Loja) and northwestern Peru (south to Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C894E1E3",null,null,"Cutervo and Callacate, eastern slope of the western Cordillera of Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par M. Stolzman, pendant les derniers mois de 1878 et dans la première moitié de 1879.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/273/mode/1up","Grallaria albiloris"],["15221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria ruficapilla interior","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.703 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"central Cordillera of northern Peru (Amazonas and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BDA51E0",null,null,"San Pedro, 8600-9400 feet, southeast of Leimebamba, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 12. Notes on the genera Hylophylax, Myrmothera and Grallaria.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4504/","Grallaria ruficapilla interior"],["15222","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria flavotincta","Sclater, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.4 p.445 pl.9","Yellow-breasted Antpitta","Yellow-breasted Antpitta","Yellow-breasted Antpitta",null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703305","yebant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebant1","avibase-4C18082A",null,null,"Frontino, Antioquia, Colombia.","Description of two new Ant-birds of the Genus Grallaria, with a List of the known Species of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/487/mode/1up","Grallaria flavotincta"],["15223","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria urraoensis","Carantón-Ayala & Certuche-Cubillos, 2010","Ornitología Colombiana 9 p.56-70","Urrao Antpitta","Urrao Antpitta","Urrao Antpitta","2025-0397","The name <em>Grallaria urraoensis</em> is adopted for the Urrao Antpitta, as the type material of <em>G. fenwickorum</em> is considered inadequate. The photos of <em>G. fenwickorum </em>that form part of the type material are not comprehensive in showing the features of the species, and can be readily altered, and the feathers were not lodged in an organized natural history collection (Peterson 2013), such that their ultimate fate is subject to question.","northern part of western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736345","antant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antant1","avibase-722C29AB",null,null,"Reserva Natural Colibrí del Sol, sur del Páramo de Frontino, vereda El Chuscal, 17 Km. al norte del Poblado de Urrao, 06 26' N, 76 05'W, Antioquia, Colombia.","A new species of antpitta (Grallariidae: Grallaria) from the northern sector of the western Andes of Colombia","https://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/wp-content/uploads/revista/oc9/MS1004-Caranton.pdf","Grallaria urraoensis"],["15224","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria milleri","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.147","Brown-banded Antpitta","Brown-banded Antpitta","Brown-banded Antpitta",null,null,"humid montane cloudforest in the central Andes of Colombia (western slope of the Central Andes in Caldas, Risaralda, and Quindio, and on the eastern slope in Tolima)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703336","brbant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbant1","avibase-88C6B17B",null,null,"Laguneta, 10,300 feet, Central Andes, near Quindio Pass, Cauca, Colombia. Col. pl., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, pl. 39, left-hand fig-","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Grallaria milleri"],["15225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria milleri gilesi","Salaman, Donegan & Prŷs-Jones, 2009","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 129 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7016C14",null,null,"Santa Elena, 8 km. al este de Medellín, 06°15'N, 75°35'W., Antioquia, Colombia.","A new subspecies of Brown-banded Antpitta Grallaria milleri from Antioquia, Colombia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182875#page/13/mode/1up","Grallaria milleri gilesi"],["15226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria milleri milleri","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"central portion of the central Andes of Colombia (Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, and Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B8F23A1",null,null,"Laguneta, 10,300 feet, Central Andes, near Quindio Pass, Cauca, Colombia. Col. pl., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, pl. 39, left-hand fig-","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Grallaria milleri"],["15227","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria bangsi","Allen, 1900","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13, art.14 p.159","Santa Marta Antpitta","Santa Marta Antpitta","Santa Marta Antpitta",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703271","samant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samant1","avibase-66435A66",null,null,"El Libano, 7000 feet, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","List of Birds collected in the District of Santa Marta, Colombia, by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/719","Grallaria bangsi"],["15228","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria kaestneri","Stiles, 1992","Wilson Bulletin 104, no.3 p.389-399","Cundinamarca Antpitta","Cundinamarca Antpitta","Cundinamarca Antpitta",null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Cundinamarca and Meta)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703268","cunant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cunant1","avibase-3FD0C73F",null,null,"Ceca de Monterredondo, Municipio de Guayabetal, Cundinamarca, Colombia.","A new species of antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Eastern Andes of Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol104/iss3/2/","Grallaria kaestneri"],["15229","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria alticola","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.115","Boyaca Antpitta","Boyaca Antpitta","Boyaca Antpitta","2025-0747","The <em>Grallaria quitensis sensu lato </em>complex is treated as three monotypic species based on differences in vocalizations, supported by modest plumage differences (Krabbe &amp; Schulenberg 2003; Boesman 2016ii): <em>G. alticola; G. atuensis; </em>and <em>G. quitensis</em>. While mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Winger et al. 2015) support recognition of <em>G. alticola</em>, taxon <em>atuensis </em>was not included in the analysis.","eastern Andes of Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660427","tawant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawant2","avibase-0416064D",null,null,"Lagunillas, Boyacá, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/141/mode/1up","Grallaria alticola"],["15230","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria quitensis","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.49 col.848","Tawny Antpitta","Tawny Antpitta","Tawny Antpitta","2025-0747","The <em>Grallaria quitensis sensu lato </em>complex is treated as three monotypic species based on differences in vocalizations, supported by modest plumage differences (Krabbe &amp; Schulenberg 2003; Boesman 2016ii): <em>G. alticola; G. atuensis; </em>and <em>G. quitensis</em>. While mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Winger et al. 2015) support recognition of <em>G. alticola</em>, taxon <em>atuensis </em>was not included in the analysis.","central Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660417","tawant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawant3","avibase-356BAAED",null,null,"vicinity of Quito, Ecuador.","Révision du genre grallaria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/396/mode/1up","Grallaria quitensis"],["15231","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria atuensis","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.22","Atuen Antpitta","Atuen Antpitta","Atuen Antpitta","2025-0747","The <em>Grallaria quitensis sensu lato </em>complex is treated as three monotypic species based on differences in vocalizations, supported by modest plumage differences (Krabbe &amp; Schulenberg 2003; Boesman 2016ii): <em>G. alticola; G. atuensis; </em>and <em>G. quitensis</em>. While mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Winger et al. 2015) support recognition of <em>G. alticola</em>, taxon <em>atuensis </em>was not included in the analysis.","Andes of northern Peru (southern Amazonas and eastern La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660431","tawant4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawant4","avibase-4ECE7CED",null,null,"Atuen, 12,000 feet, Amazonas, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Grallaria quitensis atuensis"],["15232","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria hypoleuca","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.88","White-bellied Antpitta","White-bellied Antpitta","White-bellied Antpitta",null,null,"montane cloudforest and bamboo stands in the central and eastern Andes of Colombia, southward along the eastern Andes of Ecuador to far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703308","whbant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbant3","avibase-18E59ACC",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/864/mode/1up","Grallaria hypoleuca"],["15233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria hypoleuca castanea","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia to far northern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F446E4B6",null,null,"Baeza, 5000 feet, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Grallaria hypoleuca castanea"],["15234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria hypoleuca hypoleuca","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25EE451C",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/864/mode/1up","Grallaria hypoleuca"],["15235","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria erythroleuca","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.783","Red-and-white Antpitta","Red-and-white Antpitta","Red-and-white Antpitta",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru in Cusco (Vilcabamba and Vilcanota Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703317","rawant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rawant1","avibase-F50F89BE",null,null,"Huasampilla, Cusco, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/949/mode/1up","Grallaria erythroleuca"],["15236","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria erythrotis","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.357","Rufous-faced Antpitta","Rufous-faced Antpitta","Rufous-faced Antpitta",null,null,"Yungas of western Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703330","rufant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant2","avibase-723FABB7",null,null,"Tilotilo, western Yungas, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/445/mode/1up","Grallaria erythrotis"],["15237","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria przewalskii","Taczanowski, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.33","Rusty-tinged Antpitta","Rusty-tinged Antpitta","Rusty-tinged Antpitta",null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas to eastern La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703311","rutant5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutant5","avibase-98DA026C",null,null,"Ray-Urmana, 8000 feet, above Chirimoto, Huayabamba Valley, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/69/mode/1up","Grallaria przewalskii"],["15238","species","Passeriformes","Grallariidae","Antpittas","Grallaria capitalis","Chapman, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.231 p.2","Bay Antpitta","Bay Antpitta","Bay Antpitta",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Junín, Pasco, and Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703314","bayant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bayant1","avibase-C443FD00",null,null,"Rumicruz, 9700 feet, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4112/","Grallaria capitalis"],["15239","family","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Rhinocryptidae",null,null,"Tapaculos","Tapaculos","Tapaculos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rhinoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhinoc1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["15240","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scelorchilus","Oberholser, 1923","The Auk 40, no.2 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pteroptochus rubecula [von Kittlitz, 1830]; type by original designation",null,"Note on the Generic Name Pteroptochos Kittlitz","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol40/iss2/32/","Scelorchilus"],["15241","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scelorchilus albicollis","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.180 pl.3","White-throated Tapaculo","White-throated Tapaculo","White-throated Tapaculo",null,null,"xeric scrub from north-central to south-central Chile (southwestern Antofagasta southward to Maule)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703434","whttap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttap1","avibase-4B0B1BC4",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Pteroptochos albicollis"],["15242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scelorchilus albicollis atacamae","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.5 p.71-72, col. pl. p. 6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile (southwestern Antofagasta and Atacama to northern Coquimbo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B19AF5E6",null,null,"Caldera, Atacama, Chile.","New Birds from Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25993#page/9/mode/1up","Scelorchilus albicollis atacamae"],["15243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scelorchilus albicollis albicollis","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.180 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile (southern Coquimbo to Curicó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-678D9D95",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Pteroptochos albicollis"],["15244","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scelorchilus rubecula","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.179 pl.2","Chucao Tapaculo","Chucao Tapaculo","Chucao Tapaculo",null,null,"humid coniferous and Nothofagus forests with dense shrubby patches; also deciduous forest and woodland from south-central Chile (including Mocha Island) to southern Chile (from Bío Bío southward to Aisén) and adjacent southwestern Argentina and immediately adjacent parts of Argentina (Neuquén southward to western Chubut)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703437","chutap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chutap1","avibase-23178B5E",null,null,"Concepcion, Chile.",null,null,"Pteroptochos Rubecula"],["15245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scelorchilus rubecula rubecula","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.179 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile (Biobío to Aysén) and adjacent western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-451A1848",null,null,"Concepcion, Chile.",null,null,"Pteroptochos Rubecula"],["15246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scelorchilus rubecula mochae","Chapman, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.762 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Mocha Island (off Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60492A1F",null,null,"Mocha Island, Chile.","Descriptions of new Birds from Mocha Island, Chile, and the Falkland Islands, with comments on their bird-life and that of Juan Fernandez Islands and Chiloe Island, Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4177/","Scelorchilus rubecola (sic) mochae"],["15247","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Pteroptochos","Kittlitz, 1830","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.178",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pteroptochos megapodius [von Kittlitz, 1830]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 19).",null,null,null,"Pteroptochos"],["15248","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Pteroptochos megapodius","Kittlitz, 1830","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.182 pl.4","Moustached Turca","Moustached Turca","Moustached Turca",null,null,"slopes with scattered bushes and scrub, semiarid rocky outcrops, and boulders from north-central to south-central Chile (Atacama to Bío Bío)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703431","moutur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moutur1","avibase-8DA1575F",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Pteroptochos megapodius"],["15249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Pteroptochos megapodius atacamae","Philippi Bañados, 1946","Las Aves de Chile: Su conocimiento y sus costumbres 1 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northern Chile (Atacama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACE1C87F",null,null,"Hacienda La Totora Freirina, Atacama, Chile.",null,null,"Pteroptochos megapodius atacamae"],["15250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Pteroptochos megapodius megapodius","Kittlitz, 1830","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.182 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile (Coquimbo to Concepción)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-249B6022",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Pteroptochos megapodius"],["15251","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Pteroptochos tarnii","(King, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.15","Black-throated Huet-huet","Black-throated Huet-huet","Black-throated Huet-huet",null,null,"southern Chile, from Río Biobío (also locally on right bank south of Río Laja) southward to northern Magallanes, and adjacent western Argentina (from western Neuquén southward to southwestern Santa Cruz); could occur locally farther south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703426","bthhue1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bthhue1","avibase-FDE3FE01",null,null,"Chiloé Island, and Port Otway, Gulf of Penas.","Exhibition of several new species of birds belonging to the collection brought home from the Straits of Magellan by Captain King.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/29/mode/1up","Hylactes Tarnii"],["15252","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Pteroptochos castaneus","Philippi & Landbeck, 1864","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 25 p.408","Chestnut-throated Huet-huet","Chestnut-throated Huet-huet","Chestnut-throated Huet-huet",null,null,"central Chile (Colchagua to Río Biobío) and adjacent northwestern Neuquén (west-central Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703421","cthhue1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cthhue1","avibase-A52EC941",null,null,"Hacienda de la Puerta, 5000 feet, Colchagua, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202407#page/416/mode/1up","Pteroptochus castaneus"],["15253","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Psilorhamphus","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leptorhynchus guttatus [Ménétries, 1835]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/872/mode/1up","Psilorhamphus"],["15254","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Psilorhamphus guttatus","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg (6), 1 p.516 pl.10 fig.1","Spotted Bamboowren","Spotted Bamboowren","Spotted Bamboowren",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to northeastern Argentina and (?) southeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703471","spobam1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spobam1","avibase-24664381",null,null,"'Cuyabá' [? Minas Gerais,] Brazil.",null,null,"Leptorhynchus guttatus"],["15255","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Liosceles","Sclater, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.610",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pteroptochus thoracicus [Sclater, PL, 1865]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/712/mode/1up","Liosceles"],["15256","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Liosceles thoracicus","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.609 pl.38","Rusty-belted Tapaculo","Rusty-belted Tapaculo","Rusty-belted Tapaculo",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia and eastward in Brazil, south of the Amazon River, to the Rio Tapajos in western Pará",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703446","rubtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubtap1","avibase-C09A5A72",null,null,"Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/711/mode/1up","Pteroptochus thoracicus"],["15257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Liosceles thoracicus dugandi","Meyer de Schauensee, 1950","Notulae Naturae 221 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia and adjacent western Brazil (Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B86A2C5E",null,null,"Umbria, Putumayo, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part V. New birds from Colombia.",null,"Liosceles thoracicus dugandi"],["15258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Liosceles thoracicus erithacus","Sclater, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (southward to mouth of Río Urubamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76CC1B5A",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34360#page/367/mode/1up","Liosceles erithacus"],["15259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.609 pl.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil (southward to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FDEB430",null,null,"Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/711/mode/1up","Pteroptochus thoracicus"],["15260","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Acropternis","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merulaxis orthonyx [Lafresnaye, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/28/mode/1up","Acropternis"],["15261","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Acropternis orthonyx","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.131","Ocellated Tapaculo","Ocellated Tapaculo","Ocellated Tapaculo",null,null,"humid montane forest and bamboo stands in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to far northern Peru (southern Amazonas); in the western Andes only in northwestern Colombia and again in northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703554","ocetap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocetap1","avibase-6B6D07C9",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de deux Oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/139/mode/1up","Merulaxis orthonyx"],["15262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Acropternis orthonyx orthonyx","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of Colombia and Andes of northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34DBF04B",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de deux Oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/139/mode/1up","Merulaxis orthonyx"],["15263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Acropternis orthonyx infuscatus","Salvadori & Festa, 1899","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.362 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (southern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA4EB133",null,null,"Frutillas and Lloa, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/214/mode/1up","Acropternis infuscatus"],["15264","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Teledromas","Wetmore & Peters, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rhinocrypta fusca [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/63/mode/1up","Teledromas"],["15265","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Teledromas fuscus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.76,161","Sandy Gallito","Sandy Gallito","Sandy Gallito",null,null,"Andean slope of Argentina (southwestern Salta to Río Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703443","sangal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sangal1","avibase-E9FF299F",null,null,"Mendoza, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/173/mode/1up","Rhinocrypta fusca"],["15266","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Rhinocrypta","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rhinomya lanceolata [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I, 1832]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/39/mode/1up","Rhinocrypta"],["15267","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Rhinocrypta lanceolata","(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832)","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.3, p.8","Crested Gallito","Crested Gallito","Crested Gallito",null,null,"thorn forest and scrub in the Chaco region and slopes of the Andes from southeastern Bolivia and western Paraguay southward to central Argentina (northern Río Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703440","cregal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cregal1","avibase-415E16C9",null,null,"Patagonia, on the banks of the Río Negro.","RHINOMIE. RHINOMYA. Is. Geoff..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/96/mode/1up","Rhinomya lanceolata"],["15268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Rhinocrypta lanceolata saturata","Brodkorb, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52, no.19 p.83-84",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia and western Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1306E33C",null,null,"Kilometer 170, west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay.","Three new Birds from Paraguay.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/105/mode/1up","Rhinocrypta lanceolata saturata"],["15269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Rhinocrypta lanceolata lanceolata","(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832)","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.3, p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Argentina (south to Río Negro and southern Buenos Aires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E35DB189",null,null,"Patagonia, on the banks of the Río Negro.","RHINOMIE. RHINOMYA. Is. Geoff..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/96/mode/1up","Rhinomya lanceolata"],["15270","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Merulaxis","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merulaxis ater [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/435/mode/1up","Merulaxis"],["15271","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Merulaxis ater","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.397","Slaty Bristlefront","Slaty Bristlefront","Slaty Bristlefront",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and Espírito Santo to eastern Paraná and Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703474","slabri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slabri1","avibase-0F9BA2F8",null,null,"Mexico; error, Río de Janeiro substituted by Hellmayr, 1924.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/435/mode/1up","Merulaxis ater"],["15272","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Merulaxis stresemanni","Sick, 1960","Journal für Ornithologie 101, no.1-2 p.155","Stresemann's Bristlefront","Stresemann's Bristlefront","Stresemann's Bristlefront",null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Bahia); rare and local",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703477","strbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strbri1","avibase-23A8692E",null,null,"Salvador, sur de Bahía, Brasil.","Zur Systematik und Biologie der Bürzelstelzer (Rhinocryptidae), speziell Brasiliens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01670638","Merulaxis stresemanni"],["15273","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Eleoscytalopus","Maurício, Mata, Bornschein et al., 2008","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49.1 (2008) 125-135",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myiothera indigotica [zu Wied, 1831]; type by original designation",null,"Hidden generic diversity in Neotropical birds: molecular and anatomical data support a new genus for the \"Scytalopus\" indigoticus species-group (Aves: Rhinocryptidae).",null,"Eleoscytalopus"],["15274","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Eleoscytalopus indigoticus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1091","White-breasted Tapaculo","White-breasted Tapaculo","White-breasted Tapaculo",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (eastern Bahia to Santa Catarina and northeastern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703546","whbtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtap1","avibase-C1D36A4D",null,null,"near Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1113/mode/1up","Myiothera indigotica"],["15275","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Eleoscytalopus psychopompus","(Teixeira & Carnevalli, 1989)","Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (n.s.), no.331 p.1-11","Bahia Tapaculo","Bahia Tapaculo","Bahia Tapaculo",null,null,"coastal lowlands of eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703535","bahtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahtap1","avibase-47F6D5B9",null,null,"Valença, Bahía, Brasil.","Nova espécie de Scytalopus Gould, 1837, do nordeste do Brasil (Passeriformes, Rhinocryptidae).",null,"Scytalopus psychopompus"],["15276","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Myornis","Chapman, 1915","The Auk 32, no.4 p.410",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merulaxis senilis [Lafresnaye, 1840]; type by original designation",null,"The More Northern Species of the Genus Scytalopus Gould","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol32/iss4/2/","Myornis"],["15277","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Myornis senilis","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.103","Ash-colored Tapaculo","Ash-colored Tapaculo","Ash-colored Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru (south to Pasco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703483","asctap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asctap1","avibase-EFE9D5AA",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/113/mode/1up","Merulaxis senilis"],["15278","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Eugralla","Lesson, 1842","Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 12 no.41 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Troglodytes paradoxus [von Kittlitz, 1830]; type by subsequent designation (Peters, JL, 1951, Check-list of Birds of the World, 7, p. 288).",null,"Révision des espèces d'oiseaux du genre Magalonyx","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101660#page/256/mode/1up","Eugralla"],["15279","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Eugralla paradoxa","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.184 pl.5","Ochre-flanked Tapaculo","Ochre-flanked Tapaculo","Ochre-flanked Tapaculo",null,null,"south-central Chile (Santiago to Chiloé) and adjacent Argentina; Mocha Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703480","ocftap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocftap1","avibase-28287AC7",null,null,"Concepcion, Chile.",null,null,"Troglodytes paradoxus"],["15280","genus","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla magellanica [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 19).  ",null,"Exhibition of Birds allied to the European Wren, with characters of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/103/mode/1up","Scytalopus"],["15281","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus iraiensis","Bornschein, Reinert & Pichorim, 1998","Ararajuba 6 p.3-36","Marsh Tapaculo","Marsh Tapaculo","Marsh Tapaculo",null,null,"southwestern Brazil (river basins in Iguaçu and Tibagi, eastern Paraná)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728464","martap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/martap1","avibase-CC049017",null,null,"Margen derecha del Rio Iraí, 25°23'S, 49°05'W, Municipio de Quatro Barras, Paraná, Brasil.","Descrição, ecologia e conservação de um novo Scytalopus (Rhinocryptidae) do sul do Brasil, com comentários sobre a morfologia da família.","http://www.revbrasilornitol.com.br/BJO/article/view/0801","Scytalopus iraiensis"],["15282","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus speluncae","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg (6), 1 p.527 pl.13 fig.1","Mouse-colored Tapaculo","Mouse-colored Tapaculo","Mouse-colored Tapaculo",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southwestern Espírito Santo to northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703527","moctap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moctap1","avibase-4A5821A9",null,null,"São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil.",null,null,"Malacorhynchus speluncae"],["15283","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus gonzagai","Maurício, Belmonte-Lopes, Pacheco et al., 2014","The Auk 131(4) 643-659","Boa Nova Tapaculo","Boa Nova Tapaculo","Boa Nova Tapaculo",null,null,"serras of southern Bahia, Brazil",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103661238","sertap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sertap1","avibase-1B8BDC64",null,null,"Igua´i, Bahia, Brazil","Taxonomy of “Mouse-colored Tapaculos” (II): An endangered new species from the montane Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae: Scytalopus)","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/131/4/643/5149382","Scytalopus gonzagai"],["15284","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus novacapitalis","Sick, 1958","Boletim Do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia no.185 p.14-20","Brasilia Tapaculo","Brasilia Tapaculo","Brasilia Tapaculo",null,null,"southern Brazil (southern Goiás, Distrito Federal, and western Minas Gerais)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703531","bratap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bratap1","avibase-31C66B1A",null,null,"Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Brasil.","Resultados de uma excursão ornithológica do Museu Nacional a Brasiliana, Novo Distrito Federal, Goiás, com a descrição de um novo representante de Scytalopus (Rhinocryptidae, Aves) (1).",null,"Scytalopus indigoticus novacapitalis"],["15285","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus diamantinensis","Bornschein, Maurício, Belmonte-Lopes et al., 2007","Revista Brasileria de Ornitologia 15, no.2 151-174","Diamantina Tapaculo","Diamantina Tapaculo","Diamantina Tapaculo",null,null,"Chapada Diamantina region of northeastern Brazil (Bahia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736188","diatap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diatap2","avibase-D72E1392",null,null,"Capão do Vale, 13°26'24\"S, 41°23'4\"W, Municipio de Ibicoara, Bahía, Brasil.","Diamantina Tapaculo, a new Scytalopus endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, northeastern Brazil (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228670077","Scytalopus diamantinensis"],["15286","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus pachecoi","Maurício, 2005","Ararajuba 13(1) 9","Planalto Tapaculo","Planalto Tapaculo","Planalto Tapaculo",null,null,"northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and far southern Brazil (southwestern Paraná to southern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734687","platap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/platap1","avibase-977B33F3",null,null,"Cerro das Almas 31° 46'S, 52°35'W, Municipio Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil","Taxonomy of southern population in the Scytalopus speluncae group, with description of a new species and remarks on the systematics and biogeography of the complex (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253933845","Scytalopus pachecoi"],["15287","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus petrophilus","Whitney, Vasconcelos, Silveira & Pacheco, 2010","Revista Brasileria de Ornitologia 18, no.2 73-88.","Rock Tapaculo","Rock Tapaculo","Rock Tapaculo",null,null,"central and southern Minas Gerais, Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736340","roctap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roctap1","avibase-71C03400",null,null,"Serra da Piedade, Caeté, 19°49'S, 43°40'W, Minas Gerais, Brasil.","Scytalopus petrophilus (Rock Tapaculo): a new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil",null,"Scytalopus petrophilus"],["15288","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus magellanicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.979","Magellanic Tapaculo","Magellanic Tapaculo","Magellanic Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730463","magtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magtap1","avibase-3B642DBA",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/480/mode/1up","Motacilla magellanica"],["15289","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus fuscus","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.89","Dusky Tapaculo","Dusky Tapaculo","Dusky Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of central Chile (Atacama to Biobío)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729286","dustap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dustap1","avibase-03E291EF",null,null,"Chile.","Exhibition of Birds allied to the European Wren, with characters of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/103/mode/1up","Scytalopus fuscus"],["15290","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus affinis","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.15","Ancash Tapaculo","Ancash Tapaculo","Ancash Tapaculo",null,null,"western Andes of Peru (southern Cajamarca to Ancash)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733255","anctap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anctap1","avibase-FF55AC93",null,null,"Yanac, Ancash, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 32, The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus magellanicus affinis"],["15291","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus krabbei","Schulenberg, Lane, Spencer et al., 2020","The Auk 137, no.2 p.8","White-winged Tapaculo","White-winged Tapaculo",null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas, south of the Río Marañón, to Huánuco, north of the Río Huallaga)",null,null,null,"whwtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwtap1","avibase-9258D9BB",null,null,"Peru: San Martín/Amazonas border: east slope of Cerro Patricia, ~22 km ENE of Florida, Camp Buena Vista Social Club, Bosque de Proteccion Alto Mayo, coordinates: 5.723°S, 77.754°W, elevation: 2,975 m","Untangling cryptic diversity in the High Andes: Revision of the Scytalopus[magellanicus] complex (Rhinocryptidae) in Peru reveals three new species","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/137/2/ukaa003/5743506","Scytalopus krabbei"],["15292","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus canus","Chapman, 1915","The Auk 32, no.4 p.412","Paramillo Tapaculo","Paramillo Tapaculo","Paramillo Tapaculo",null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736477","partap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/partap1","avibase-71CF5120",null,null,"Paramillo, 12,500 feet, Antioquia, Colombia.","The more northern species of the genus Scytalopus Gould.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol32/iss4/2/","Scytalopus canus"],["15293","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus opacus","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1126 p.25","Paramo Tapaculo","Paramo Tapaculo",null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia to east-central Ecuador",null,null,null,"partap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/partap2","avibase-ACAF6D0D",null,null,"Tambillo, Río Upano, Ecuador","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 38, The genera Oreotriccus, Tyrannulus, Acrochordopus, Ornithion, Leptopogon, Mionectes, Pipromorpha, and Pyrocephalus","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4748","Scytalopus magellanicus opacus"],["15294","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus androstictus","Krabbe & Cadena, 2010","Zootaxa 2354(1) 56-66","Loja Tapaculo","Loja Tapaculo",null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,null,null,"partap4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/partap4","avibase-898BB818",null,null,"Cordillera de Las Lagunillas, 4°43'S, 79°26'W, Loja, Ecuador.","Krabbe, Niels, and Carlos Daniel Cadena. \"A taxonomic revision of the Paramo Tapaculo Scytalopus canus Chapman (Aves: Rhinocryptidae), with description of a new subspecies from Ecuador and Peru.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290547512","Scytalopus opacus androstictus"],["15295","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus superciliaris","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.105 pl.2 fig.2","White-browed Tapaculo","White-browed Tapaculo","White-browed Tapaculo",null,null,"undergrowth of Polylepis and alder woodland in the Andes of northwestern Argentina from Jujuy southward to La Rioja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703524","whbtap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtap2","avibase-5D26DC42",null,null,"neck-breaking ravines in the third mountain chain of Tucumán west of Sauciyaca.","[Über zwei neue Arten aus Cordoba, Argentinien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/117/mode/1up","Scytalopus superciliaris"],["15296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus superciliaris superciliaris","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.105 pl.2 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"main Andean slope from Jujuy southward to northern La Rioja (northwestern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC7B3C86",null,null,"neck-breaking ravines in the third mountain chain of Tucumán west of Sauciyaca.","[Über zwei neue Arten aus Cordoba, Argentinien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/117/mode/1up","Scytalopus superciliaris"],["15297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus superciliaris santabarbarae","Nores, 1986","El Hornero 12, no.4 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Bárbara Mountains in Jujuy (and presumably adjacent Salta), northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43820C04",null,null,"El Fuerte, Sierra Santa Bárbara, Departamento Santa Bárbara, Jujuy, Argentina. 24 16'S-64 25' W, octubre 11, 1962; coleccionado por F. Contino.","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Scytalopus superciliaris santabarbarae"],["15298","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus simonsi","Chubb, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.17","Puna Tapaculo","Puna Tapaculo","Puna Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Vilcanota Mountains) to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729298","puntap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puntap1","avibase-7401CD82",null,null,"Choquecamate, 4000 meters [near Tapacari, Cochabamba], Bolivia.","Descriptions of three new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/43/mode/1up","Scytalopus simonsi"],["15299","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus zimmeri","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Notulae Naturae no.44 p.1","Zimmer's Tapaculo","Zimmer's Tapaculo","Zimmer's Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia (Chuquisaca and Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733291","zimtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zimtap1","avibase-24F39183",null,null,"Padilla, 8200 feet, Chuquisaca, Bolivia.","Description of new Birds from Bolivia. Part III. Mesomyodi.",null,"Scytalopus superciliaris zimmeri"],["15300","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus schulenbergi","Whitney, 1994","Wilson Bulletin 106, no.4 p.588-593","Diademed Tapaculo","Diademed Tapaculo","Diademed Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Vilcanota Mountains) to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724472","diatap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diatap1","avibase-F5C3CDC0",null,null,"4 Km. al oeste de Chuspipata, 16°19'S, 67°51'W, La Paz, Bolivia.","A NEW SCYTALOPUS TAPACULO (RHINOCRYPTIDAE) FROM BOLIVIA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER BOLIVIAN MEMBERS OF THE GENUS AND THE MAGELLANICUS COMPLEX","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol106/iss4/1/","Scytalopus schulenbergi"],["15301","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus urubambae","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.15","Vilcabamba Tapaculo","Vilcabamba Tapaculo","Vilcabamba Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of east-central Peru (southern Cordillera Vilcabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733286","viltap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viltap1","avibase-4C306ABA",null,null,"Cedrobamba, 12,000 feet, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 32, The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus magellanicus urubambae"],["15302","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus whitneyi","Krabbe, Fjeldså, Hosner et al., 2020","The Auk 137, no.2 p.15","Ampay Tapaculo","Ampay Tapaculo",null,null,null,"Andes of south-central Peru (Ayacucho and Apurímac)",null,null,null,"amptap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amptap1","avibase-7E2D54EB",null,null,"Peru: depto. Apurímac, mountains north-northeast of Abancay: Cerro Turronmocco, coordinates: 13.518°S, 72.888°W, elevation: 3,500 m","Untangling cryptic diversity in the High Andes: Revision of the Scytalopus[magellanicus] complex (Rhinocryptidae) in Peru reveals three new species","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/137/2/ukaa003/5743506","Scytalopus whitneyi"],["15303","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus altirostris","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.14","Neblina Tapaculo","Neblina Tapaculo",null,null,null,"central Andes of Peru (southern Amazonas to Huánuco)",null,null,null,"nebtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebtap1","avibase-B8AB1214",null,null,"Atuen, Amazonas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 32, The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus magellanicus altirostris"],["15304","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus frankeae","Rosenberg, Davis, Rosenberg et al., 2020","The Auk 137, no.2 p.12","Jalca Tapaculo","Jalca Tapaculo",null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Pasco and Junín)",null,null,null,"miltap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miltap1","avibase-25B56CA4",null,null,"Peru: Huánuco: Maria, Millpo, LSU field camp on the trail from Pozuzo to Chaglla, coordinates: 9.894°S, 75.747°W, elevation: 3,675 m","Untangling cryptic diversity in the High Andes: Revision of the Scytalopus[magellanicus] complex (Rhinocryptidae) in Peru reveals three new species","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/137/2/ukaa003/5743506","Scytalopus frankeae"],["15305","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus parvirostris","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.3","Trilling Tapaculo","Trilling Tapaculo","Trilling Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru to east-central Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729303","tritap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tritap1","avibase-461C14CE",null,null,"Río Aceramarca, 10,800 feet, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 32, The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus unicolor parvirostris"],["15306","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus bolivianus","Allen, 1889","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.7 p.98","Bolivian Tapaculo","Bolivian Tapaculo","Bolivian Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Ayacucho and Puno) to southern Bolivia (Chuquisaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729251","boltap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boltap1","avibase-0475179F",null,null,"Reyes, 14 19 S, 67 23 W, El Beni, Bolivia","List of the birds collected in Bolivia by Dr. H. H. Rusby, with field notes by the collector.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1649","Scytalopus bolivianus"],["15307","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus sanctaemartae","Chapman, 1915","The Auk 32, no.4 p.418","Santa Marta Tapaculo","Santa Marta Tapaculo","Santa Marta Tapaculo",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729258","samtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samtap1","avibase-86FEE4EB",null,null,"Valparaiso, 4500-5500 feet, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","The more northern species of the genus Scytalopus Gould.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol32/iss4/2/","Scytalopus sanctae-martae"],["15308","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus atratus","Hellmayr, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.54","White-crowned Tapaculo","White-crowned Tapaculo","White-crowned Tapaculo",null,null,"undergrowth of humid foothill and montane forest in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia and eastern Andes of Ecuador to far northern Peru north of the Río Marañón; also in the eastern Andes of Peru south and east of the Río Marañón, southward to southeastern Peru, in Puno, including Cerros del Sira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729245","whctap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whctap1","avibase-7CD6AF48",null,null,"Río Negro, Boyacá, Colombia.","Neue Formen der Gattung Scytalopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/72/mode/1up","Scytalopus atratus"],["15309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus atratus nigricans","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66, no.1 p.7-8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá, Táchira, and Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1E03EC3",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, alto Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perijá Mountains, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/23/mode/1up","Scytalopus femoralis nigricans"],["15310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus atratus atratus","Hellmayr, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"east Andes of Colombia and eastern Ecuador, to central Andes of Peru (south to Cusco); songs differ south of the Marañón Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C09ED7FD",null,null,"Río Negro, Boyacá, Colombia.","Neue Formen der Gattung Scytalopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/72/mode/1up","Scytalopus atratus"],["15311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus atratus confusus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of western Andes and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B7EA673",null,null,"Miraflores, 6800 feet, east of Palmira, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 32, The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus femoralis confusus"],["15312","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus vicinior","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.11","Narino Tapaculo","Nariño Tapaculo","Narino Tapaculo",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia (Risaralda) to Ecuador (Cotopaxi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703505","nartap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nartap2","avibase-8F3F25DF",null,null,"Ricaurte, 5000-6000 feet, Nariño, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 32, The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus panamensis vicinior"],["15313","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus argentifrons","Ridgway, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.869 p.475","Silvery-fronted Tapaculo","Silvery-fronted Tapaculo","Silvery-fronted Tapaculo",null,null,"montane forest from northwestern Costa Rica to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703510","siftap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siftap1","avibase-BFDA7B0D",null,null,"Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/547/mode/1up","Scytalopus argentifrons"],["15314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus argentifrons argentifrons","Ridgway, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.869 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama (Volcán Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-268CDFF4",null,null,"Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/547/mode/1up","Scytalopus argentifrons"],["15315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus argentifrons chiriquensis","Griscom, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.141 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of western Panama (eastern Chiriquí and eastern Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6113C5FB",null,null,"Cerro Flores, 5500 feet, Chiriquí, Panama","Descriptions of new birds from Panama and Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4374/","Scytalopus chiriquensis"],["15316","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus panamensis","Chapman, 1915","The Auk 32, no.4 p.420","Tacarcuna Tapaculo","Tacarcuna Tapaculo","Tacarcuna Tapaculo",null,null,"eastern Panama and adjacent northern Colombia (Cerro Tacarcuna massif)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703501","tactap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tactap1","avibase-DC8FE9A9",null,null,"Tacarcuna, 3600 feet, eastern Panama.","The more northern species of the genus Scytalopus Gould.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol32/iss4/2/","Scytalopus panamensis"],["15317","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus chocoensis","Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.46-88","Choco Tapaculo","Choco Tapaculo","Choco Tapaculo",null,null,"Pacific slope of eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre) to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729076","chotap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chotap1","avibase-7011CE6F",null,null,"El Placer, 00°52'N, 78°33'W, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Species limits and natural history of Scytalopus tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae), with descriptions of the Ecuadorian taxa, including three new species.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Scytalopus chocoensis"],["15318","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus rodriguezi","Krabbe, Salaman, Cortés Diago et al., 2005","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 125 p.93","Magdalena Tapaculo","Magdalena Tapaculo","Magdalena Tapaculo",null,null,"undergrowth of humid montane forest in Serrania de los Yariguies and in the eastern slope and the headwaters of the Magdalena Valley in the central Andes of Colombia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734661","upmtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/upmtap1","avibase-44F1FA5E",null,null,"Reserva Natural Finca N Merenberg, Municipio de San Agustín, 02°12'N, 76°06'W, Huila, Colombia.","A new species of Scytalopus tapaculo from the upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123799#page/429/mode/1up","Scytalopus rodriguezi"],["15319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus rodriguezi yariguiorum","Donegan, Avendaño & Lambert, 2013","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 133, no.4 p.259 [256-271]",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Serranía de los Yariguíes and Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BE0D6ED",null,null,"'Camino del Lenguerke' above Finca El Taliman, Vereda El Centro, San Vicente de Chucuri municipality, west slope of the Yariguies massif, dpto. Santander, Colombia (06°50'N, 73°24W; 2,100 m). Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia","A new Tapaculo related to Scytalopus rodriguezi from Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252378#page/9/mode/1up","Scytalopus rodriguezi yariguiorum"],["15320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus rodriguezi rodriguezi","Krabbe, Salaman, Cortés Diago et al., 2005","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 125 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95B0BC57",null,null,"Reserva Natural Finca N Merenberg, Municipio de San Agustín, 02°12'N, 76°06'W, Huila, Colombia.","A new species of Scytalopus tapaculo from the upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123799#page/429/mode/1up","Scytalopus rodriguezi"],["15321","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus stilesi","Cuervo, Cadena, Krabbe & Renjifo, 2005","The Auk 122, no.2 p.445-463","Stiles's Tapaculo","Stiles's Tapaculo","Stiles's Tapaculo",null,null,"northern central Andes of Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734658","stitap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stitap1","avibase-477071F7",null,null,"Finca Canales, Vereda Cajamarca, Municipio de Amalfi, 6 49'25.2\"N, 75 05'37.8\"W, Antioquia, Colombia.","Scytalopus stilesi, a new species of tapaculo (rhinocryptidae) from the cordillera central of colombia","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/122/2/445/5562450","Scytalopus stilesi"],["15322","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus robbinsi","Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.46-88","El Oro Tapaculo","Ecuadorian Tapaculo","Ecuadorian Tapaculo",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Ecuador (Azuay and El Oro)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733280","ecutap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecutap1","avibase-ADF01DB1",null,null,"9.5 Km. al oeste de Piñas, 03°40'S, 79°44'W, El Oro, Ecuador.","Species limits and natural history of Scytalopus tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae), with descriptions of the Ecuadorian taxa, including three new species.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Scytalopus robbinsi"],["15323","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus alvarezlopezi","Stiles, Laverde-R & Cadena, 2017","The Auk 134, no.2 377-392","Tatama Tapaculo","Tatama Tapaculo","Tatamá Tapaculo",null,null,"Pacific slope of Colombian Andes (western Antioquia southward to southwestern Valle del Cauca)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155256104","alptap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alptap1","avibase-01280CF8",null,null,"Colombia, department of Risaralda, municipality of Mistrato, Alto de Pisones, 8 km northeast of Geguadas, elevation 1,710 m, shallow ravine in cloud forest; coordinates 5 25 N, 76 02 W.","A new species of tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae: Scytalopus) from the Western Andes of Colombia","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/134/2/377/5149179","Scytalopus alvarezlopezi"],["15324","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus caracae","Hellmayr, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.56","Caracas Tapaculo","Caracas Tapaculo",null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua to Miranda)",null,null,null,"cartap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cartap1","avibase-83857CD8",null,null,"Galipán, Cerro de Avila, Venezuela.","Neue Formen der Gattung Scytalopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/74/mode/1up","Scytalopus latebricola caracae"],["15325","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus meridanus","Hellmayr, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.58","Merida Tapaculo","Merida Tapaculo","Merida Tapaculo",null,null,"montane humid forest and edge of Andes of western to north-central Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736285","mertap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mertap1","avibase-CAA64CEB",null,null,"Culata, 4000 meters, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","Neue Formen der Gattung Scytalopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/76/mode/1up","Scytalopus latebricola meridanus"],["15326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus meridanus meridanus","Hellmayr, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB228747",null,null,"Culata, 4000 meters, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","Neue Formen der Gattung Scytalopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/76/mode/1up","Scytalopus latebricola meridanus"],["15327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus meridanus fuscicauda","Hellmayr, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30, no.3 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Venezuela (southern Lara and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2824D68E",null,null,"Páramo de Rosas, Lara, Venezuela.","Neue Formen der Gattung Scytalopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/73/mode/1up","Scytalopus griseicollis fuscicauda"],["15328","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus latebricola","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.101","Brown-rumped Tapaculo","Brown-rumped Tapaculo","Brown-rumped Tapaculo",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703513","brrtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrtap1","avibase-04128FC4",null,null,"Páramo de Chiruqua, 12,000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/131/mode/1up","Scytalopus latebricola"],["15329","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus spillmanni","Stresemann, 1937","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 45 p.76","Spillmann's Tapaculo","Spillmann's Tapaculo","Spillmann's Tapaculo",null,null,"central Andes of Colombia to central Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729270","spitap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spitap2","avibase-20768B0C",null,null,"Volcán Iliniza, Ecuador.","Vögel vom Monte Iliniza (Central-Ecuador).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_45_0075-0077.pdf#page=2","Scytalopus latebricola spillmanni"],["15330","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus parkeri","Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.46-88","Chusquea Tapaculo","Chusquea Tapaculo","Chusquea Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador to far northern Peru (eastern Piura and northern Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733277","chutap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chutap2","avibase-0F024845",null,null,"20 Km. al sur-suroeste de San Lucas, 03°50'S, 79°16'W, Loja, Ecuador.","Species limits and natural history of Scytalopus tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae), with descriptions of the Ecuadorian taxa, including three new species.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Scytalopus parkeri"],["15331","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus perijanus","Avendaño, Cuervo, López-Ordóñez et al., 2015","The Auk 132 450-466","Perija Tapaculo","Perija Tapaculo","Perija Tapaculo",null,null,"Sierra de Perijá, Colombia (and Venezuela?)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103661232","pertap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pertap1","avibase-C98B9363",null,null,"Vereda El Cinco, Colombia, Municipality of Manaure, Department of Cesar","A new species of tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae: Scytalopus ) from the Serranía de Perijá of Colombia and Venezuela","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/132/2/450/5149033","Scytalopus perijanus"],["15332","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus griseicollis","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.103","Pale-bellied Tapaculo","Pale-bellied Tapaculo","Pale-bellied Tapaculo",null,null,"undergrowth of humid montane forest, bamboo stands, and elfin forest in the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, including Serrania de los Yariguies, southward to southern Cundinamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729291","mattap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mattap1","avibase-34FF09E8",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/113/mode/1up","Merulaxis grisei-collis"],["15333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus griseicollis gilesi","Donegan & Avendaño, 2008","Ornitología Colombiana 6 24-65",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Colombia (Serranía de los Yariguíes, Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E08C96EB",null,null,"Páramo Filo Pamplona, arriba de La Aurora, vereda San Isidro, 06°38'N; 73°24'W, Municipio de Galán, Santander, Colombia.","Notes on Tapaculos (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae) of the Eastern Andes of Colombia and Venezuelan Andes, with a new subspecies of Scytalopus griseicollis from Colombia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259147911","Scytalopus griseicollis gilesi"],["15334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus griseicollis griseicollis","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"central eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, and Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3920025F",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/113/mode/1up","Merulaxis grisei-collis"],["15335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus griseicollis morenoi","Avendaño & Donegan, 2015","ZooKeys 506 137-153",null,null,null,null,null,"northern eastern Andes of Colombia (northern Santander and Norte de Santander) and Andes of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBBF8138",null,null,"Secondary growth / forest ecotone at La Pica, finca La Rinconada, vereda Potrero de Rodríguez, municipality of Molagavita, Santander department, Colombia (06°43'N; 72°47'W; 2880 m).","A distinctive new subspecies of Scytalopus griseicollis (Aves, Passeriformes, Rhinocryptidae) from the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and Venezuela","http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5399","Scytalopus griseicollis morenoi"],["15336","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus femoralis","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.281","Rufous-vented Tapaculo","Rufous-vented Tapaculo","Rufous-vented Tapaculo",null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Peru (Amazonas to Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703496","ruvtap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvtap1","avibase-FAEB87F2",null,null,"Peru; Vitoc Valley, Junín, designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/289/mode/1up","Pteroptochus femoralis"],["15337","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus micropterus","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.69","Long-tailed Tapaculo","Long-tailed Tapaculo","Long-tailed Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733272","lottap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lottap1","avibase-5C045427",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/103/mode/1up","Agathopus micropterus"],["15338","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus latrans","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.11, footnote c","Blackish Tapaculo","Blackish Tapaculo",null,null,null,"undergrowth of humid montane forest and humid to semi-humid montane scrub in the Andes from western Venezuela (Táchira and Mérida) southward to northern Peru (in Piura, Cajamarca, and Lambayeque), north and south of the Río Marañón",null,null,null,"blatap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blatap1","avibase-058E0536",null,null,"Cerro Munchique, 7000 feet, coast range west of Popayan, Colombia.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/29/mode/1up","Scytalopus latrans"],["15339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus latrans latrans","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.3 p.11, footnote c",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D469359B",null,null,"Cerro Munchique, 7000 feet, coast range west of Popayan, Colombia.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part III. Pteroptochidae - Conopophagidae - Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/29/mode/1up","Scytalopus latrans"],["15340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus latrans subcinereus","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Ecuador (Azuay) to northwestern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC1F3C7A",null,null,"Taulis, 8850 feet, northeast of Pacasmayo, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 32. The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus unicolor subcinereus"],["15341","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus acutirostris","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.282","Tschudi's Tapaculo","Tschudi's Tapaculo","Tschudi's Tapaculo",null,null,"central Andes of Peru (eastern La Libertad to Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729275","tsctap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tsctap1","avibase-D682226D",null,null,"Peru; Maraynioc, Junín, designated as type-locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 21.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/290/mode/1up","Pteroptochus acutirostris"],["15342","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus unicolor","Salvin, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.15","Unicolored Tapaculo","Unicolored Tapaculo","Unicolored Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (southern Cajamarca and La Libertad) and adjacent Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703487","unitap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unitap1","avibase-F38472F6",null,null,"Cajabamba, 9000 feet, and Huamachuco, 10,400 feet, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/31/mode/1up","Scytalopus unicolor"],["15343","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus intermedius","Zimmer, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1044 p.4","Utcubamba Tapaculo","Utcubamba Tapaculo",null,null,null,"central Andes of northern Peru (southern Amazonas)",null,null,null,"blatap2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blatap2","avibase-87F84A30",null,null,"La Lejia, 9000 feet, Chachapoyas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 32. The genus Scytalopus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4832/","Scytalopus unicolor intermedius"],["15344","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus macropus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.387","Large-footed Tapaculo","Large-footed Tapaculo","Large-footed Tapaculo",null,null,"east slope of central Andes of Peru (southern Amazonas to Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703493","laftap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laftap1","avibase-23300330",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/445/mode/1up","Scytalopus macropus"],["15345","species","Passeriformes","Rhinocryptidae","Tapaculos","Scytalopus gettyae","Hosner, Robbins, Valqui Haase & Peterson, 2013","Wilson Bulletin 125 233-242","Junin Tapaculo","Junin Tapaculo","Junin Tapaculo",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103660951","juntap1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/juntap1","avibase-873E5B64",null,null,"Junín Department, Peru, in the Huaytapallana Cordillera below Cerro Apalla, between Calabaza and Toldopampa, near the Río Satipo, at 2,500 m (11.509 S, 74.840 W)","A New Species of Scytalopus Tapaculo (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae) from the Andes of Central Peru","https://www.wjoonline.org/doi/abs/10.1676/12-055.1","Scytalopus gettyae"],["15346","family","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicariidae",null,null,"Antthrushes","Antthrushes","Ground-antbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"formic2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/formic2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["15347","genus","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.7 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chamaeza meruloides [Vigors, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,"Sketches in ornithology; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/423/mode/1up","Chamaeza"],["15348","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza nobilis","Gould, 1855","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.15, no.89 p.344","Striated Antthrush","Striated Antthrush","Striated Antthrush",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to central Pará, south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703215","strant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strant3","avibase-37339289",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","XXXIII. Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19416#page/374/mode/1up","Chamaeza nobilis"],["15349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza nobilis rubida","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.584 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"north of Amazon in southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru; presumably also in immediately adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E575249",null,null,"lower Río Suno (mouth of the Río Huataraco), Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 8. The Formicarian genera Cymbilaimus, Thamnistes, Terenura, Percnostola, Formicarius, Chamaeza and Rhegmatorhina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4181/","Chamaeza nobilis rubida"],["15350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza nobilis nobilis","Gould, 1855","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.15, no.89 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"south of Amazon from eastern Peru (southward from Huallaga Valley) eastward to west-central Brazil (eastward to at least Rio Purus, probably to Rio Madeira), and southward to far northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B6E6C12",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","XXXIII. Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19416#page/374/mode/1up","Chamaeza nobilis"],["15351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza nobilis fulvipectus","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Amazonian Brazil (left bank of Rio Tapajós near Santarém, Pará), recorded in Tapajós–Xingu interfluvium; probably also westward to Rio Madeira and possibly southward to northern Rondônia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-808E0165",null,null,"Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/200/mode/1up","Chamaeza nobilis fulvipectus"],["15352","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.44","Short-tailed Antthrush","Short-tailed Antthrush","Short-tailed Antthrush",null,null,"humid montane and lowland forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela and the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Brazil and Guyana; in the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the eastern Andes to south-central Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil, in southern Bahia, southward to central Rio Grande do Sul, far northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay, and isolated in northeastern Brazil in Alagoas and Ceará",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703212","shtant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtant1","avibase-D4FBD3C4",null,null,"São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/64/mode/1up","Myiothera campanisona"],["15353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona columbiana","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.385,text",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E9C589B",null,null,"Bogotá.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/443/mode/1up","Chamaeza columbiana"],["15354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona punctigula","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador (Napo and Pastaza) to northern Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E03FF5F1",null,null,"Río Suno, above Avila, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new genera and species of Tracheophonae from Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4333/","Chamaeza columbiana punctigula"],["15355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona olivacea","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical east-central Peru (southward to Madre de Dios)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-027BFF97",null,null,"Peru; Montana de Vitoc, Junín, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 293.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/287/mode/1up","Chamaeza olivacea"],["15356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona huachamacarii","Phelps & Phelps, 1951","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Huachamacari)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3651CDA",null,null,"Cerro Huachamacare, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Four new Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/85/mode/1up","Chamaeza campanisoma huachamacarii"],["15357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona berlepschi","Sztolcman, 1926","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco) and far western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB8D2C0D",null,null,"Huaynapata, Marcapata Valley, Peru.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Chamaeza brevicauda berlepschi"],["15358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona venezuelana","Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris 9ème Série, Tome VIII, no.1 p.54-55",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela in interior chain in Aragua, coastal range eastward to Miranda, and Andes westward to western Táchira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A8EA1A2",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Étude des espèces critiques et des types du groupe des Passereaux trachéophones de l'Amérique tropicale, appartenant aux collections du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99471#page/62/mode/1up","Chamaeza brevicauda venezuelana"],["15359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona yavii","Phelps & Phelps, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.33 p.154-155",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of south-central Venezuela (Cerro Yaví)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3731761",null,null,"Cerro Yavi, 1600 meters, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Ten new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/160/mode/1up","Chamaeza brevicauda yavii"],["15360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona obscura","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of southeastern Venezuela in Bolívar (including Gran Sabana, except Mt. Roraima) and southern Amazonas (Cerro Calentura and Cerro de la Neblina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFF25C39",null,null,"Mt. Auyan-tepui, 1100 meters, Bolívar, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Chamaeza brevicauda obscura"],["15361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona fulvescens","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.79-80",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (Mt. Roraima), western Guyana (Pacaraima Mts.), and central Suriname (Tafelberg)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63D3A40A",null,null,"Merume Mts., British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/111/mode/1up","Chamaeza fulvescens"],["15362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona boliviana","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912","Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Zeitschrift für systematische Zoologie. Neue Folge n.s., 78, Abth. A, Heft 5 p.131 (note)",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D265DA5",null,null,"Quebrada Honda, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47529#page/147/mode/1up","Chamaeza brevicauda boliviana"],["15363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza campanisona campanisona","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A542B1AF",null,null,"São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/64/mode/1up","Myiothera campanisona"],["15364","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza ruficauda","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.6","Rufous-tailed Antthrush","Rufous-tailed Antthrush","Rufous-tailed Antthrush",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to northern Rio Grande do Sul) and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703225","rutant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutant2","avibase-E8795B6F",null,null,"no locality; Rio de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1924, p. 294.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/14/mode/1up","Chamaezosa ruficauda"],["15365","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza meruloides","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.7 p.395","Cryptic Antthrush","Such's Antthrush","Cryptic Antthrush",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to northeastern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703221","sucant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sucant1","avibase-CEF62826",null,null,"Brasil.","XLIV. Sketches in Ornithology ; or, Observations on the leading Affinities of some of the more extensive groups of Birds. (Continued from p. 197.)'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/423/mode/1up","Chamaeza meruloides"],["15366","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza mollissima","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.89 pl.95","Barred Antthrush","Barred Antthrush","Barred Antthrush",null,null,"montane cloudforest in locally in the western and central Andes of Colombia, and the eastern Andes from northeastern Colombia southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and patchily along the eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703228","barant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barant2","avibase-B32FC59B",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/871/mode/1up","Chamaeza mollissima"],["15367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza mollissima mollissima","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.290 p.89 pl.95",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Andes of Colombia in middle and upper Cauca Valley and upper Magdalena Valley, and southward on eastern slope of Andes (from eastern Nariño, possibly from Meta) to northern Peru (north of Río Marañón, also just south of there on Cordillera de Colán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41455DA2",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of Ant-Thrushes (Formicariinae) from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/871/mode/1up","Chamaeza mollissima"],["15368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza mollissima yungae","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from southeastern Peru (Vilcabamba Mountains, in Cusco to central Bolivia (Yungas of Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32C4C35A",null,null,"Sandillani, 7000 feet, Yungas, La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Chamaeza mollissima yungae"],["15369","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza turdina","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.6","Schwartz's Antthrush","Schwartz's Antthrush","Scalloped Antthrush",null,null,"humid montane forest in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela and patchily in the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Río Magdalena (Huila)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703218","schant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schant1","avibase-588B7DC5",null,null,"Colombia; type from Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/14/mode/1up","Chamaezosa turdina"],["15370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza turdina turdina","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia (upper Magdalena and middle Cauca Valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-894A3C91",null,null,"Colombia; type from Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/14/mode/1up","Chamaezosa turdina"],["15371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Chamaeza turdina chionogaster","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81AC478A",null,null,"El Guacharo, near Caripe, Sucre, Venezuela.","On two new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/117/mode/1up","Chamaeza turdina chionogaster"],["15372","genus","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43,44,50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Formicarius cayanensis [Boddaert, 1783]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 26). = Formicarius colma Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Formicarius"],["15373","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius rufifrons","Blake, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.51,52,53","Rufous-fronted Antthrush","Rufous-fronted Antthrush","Rufous-fronted Antthrush",null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios), adjacent western Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703203","rufant3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufant3","avibase-796D73FB",null,null,"Madre de Dios, sureste del Perú.","A new species of Ant-thrush from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21034#page/7/mode/1up","Formicarius rufifrons"],["15374","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius colma","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43,44,50","Rufous-capped Antthrush","Rufous-capped Antthrush","Rufous-capped Antthrush",null,null,"tropical rainforest and gallery forest in savannas in the Guiana Shield, Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to northern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil, in Paraiba, southward to northernmost Rio Grande do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703197","rucant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucant2","avibase-4564EA5A",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 703, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Formicarius Colma"],["15375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius colma colma","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43,44,50",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C24E5D5",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 703, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Formicarius Colma"],["15376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius colma nigrifrons","Gould, 1855","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.15, no.89 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7274D37",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","XXXIII. Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19416#page/374/mode/1up","Formicarius nigrifrons"],["15377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius colma amazonicus","Hellmayr, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to northwestern Maranhão and southern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C7EFF1C",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Zwei neue Formicariiden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/54/mode/1up","Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus"],["15378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius colma ruficeps","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.72, pl.72, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern and southeastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECEDFE14",null,null,"no locality; State of Rio de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1924.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/92/mode/1up","Myothera ruficeps"],["15379","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius rufipectus","Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.73 pl.8","Rufous-breasted Antthrush","Rufous-breasted Antthrush","Rufous-breasted Antthrush",null,null,"humid montane cloudforest in the mountains of Costa Rica, western and eastern Panama, and adjacent Colombia; also locally in Sierra de Perijá and the Andes of westernmost Venezuela and along the central and western Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador to far northern Peru north of the Río Marañón; in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Río Marañón southward to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703209","rubant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubant1","avibase-54D73240",null,null,"Santiago de Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/111/mode/1up","Formicarius rufipectus"],["15380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius rufipectus rufipectus","Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.73 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Costa Rica and both slopes of western Panama to Darién",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20AF8CEF",null,null,"Santiago de Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/111/mode/1up","Formicarius rufipectus"],["15381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius rufipectus carrikeri","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-953B0985",null,null,"San Antonio, 6600 feet, Western Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Formicarius rufipectus carrikeri"],["15382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius rufipectus lasallei","Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica 6 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá and southwestern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-508B6684",null,null,"Kunana, Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela","Cuatro aves nuevas y dos extensiones de distribución para Venezuela, de Perijá.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-aves-nuevas-y-dos-extensiones-de-distribucion-para-venezuela-de-perija/","Formicarius rufipectus lasallei"],["15383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius rufipectus thoracicus","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Ecuador to southeastern Peru (southward to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38956293",null,null,"Machay, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/145/mode/1up","Formicarius thoracicus"],["15384","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius moniliger","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.294-295","Mayan Antthrush","Mayan Antthrush","Mayan Antthrush",null,null,"humid lowland forest on Caribbean slope of southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca eastward through Yucatan Peninsula (excluding Cozumel), eastward through north-central Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103661247","bkfant2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfant2","avibase-9E2E1D37",null,null,"Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/354/mode/1up","Formicarius moniliger"],["15385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius moniliger moniliger","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.294-295",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico (except the Yucatan Peninsula), northward to southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7D49DC3",null,null,"Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/354/mode/1up","Formicarius moniliger"],["15386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius moniliger pallidus","(Lawrence, 1882)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 (1-2), (December) p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB779C4",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109505#page/389/mode/1up","Furnarius pallidus"],["15387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius moniliger intermedius","Ridgway, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Guatemala and Belize southward to central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56C41D77",null,null,"Manatee Lagoon, British Honduras.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/244/mode/1up","Formicarius moniliger intermedius"],["15388","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.14","Black-faced Antthrush","Black-faced Antthrush","Black-faced Antthrush",null,null,"tropical humid forest in the Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras southward to Panama and in the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama; in northern Colombia and western Venezuela; east of the Andes in the foothills of the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Trinidad, eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across central and eastern Amazon basin in Brazil, and in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103661243","blfant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfant1","avibase-7E4EE12D",null,null,"Yuracares and Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/130/mode/1up","Myothera analis"],["15389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis umbrosus","Ridgway, 1893","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.961 p.670, p.681",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Honduras to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-570939E7",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/840/mode/1up","Formicarius umbrosus"],["15390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis hoffmanni","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.50 p.95-96",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica to western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87B9F1B7",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 1-11.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/109/mode/1up","Myrmornis hoffmanni"],["15391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis panamensis","Ridgway, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Choclé and Darién) and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23C5503E",null,null,"Lion Hill Station (?), Canal Zone.","Diagnoses of some new forms of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/245/mode/1up","Formicarius moniliger panamensis"],["15392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis virescens","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"west base of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B44309F",null,null,"Fundación, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/108/mode/1up","Formicarius moniliger virescens"],["15393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis saturatus","Ridgway, 1893","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.961 p.670, p.677",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-971B38CD",null,null,"Princestown, Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/840/mode/1up","Formicarius saturatus"],["15394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis griseoventris","Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1950","Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 10 (26) p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela in western Maracaibo basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38F1DB17",null,null,"Kunana, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela","Descripción de cuatro aves nuevas de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cuatro-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela/","Formicarius analis griseoventris"],["15395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis connectens","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia east of the Andes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD2F1FAD",null,null,"Villavicencio, 1600 feet, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Formicarius analis connectens"],["15396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis zamorae","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru and western Brazil (north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8025B63F",null,null,"Zamora, 2000 ft, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Formicarius analis zamorae"],["15397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis crissalis","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.50 p.96,text",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and adjacent northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A03F01A",null,null,"Roraima, 'British Guiana,' i.e. Venezuela.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 1-11.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/110/mode/1up","Myrmornis crissalis"],["15398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis analis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Peru south of the Amazon River to western Brazil and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B27AA66",null,null,"Yuracares and Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/130/mode/1up","Myothera analis"],["15399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius analis paraensis","Novaes, 1957","Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (n.s.) Zool., 8 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Rio Tapajós to Belém and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F137022B",null,null,"Socêgo, Fóz do Rio Traquateua Município de Ananindeua, parâ","Notas de Ornithologia Amazônica. 1. Gêneros Formicarius e Phlegopsis.","https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/bitstream/mgoeldi/714/1/B%20MPEG%20Zoo%20n8%201957%20NOVAES.PDF#page=3","Formicarius analis paraensis"],["15400","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius nigricapillus","Ridgway, 1893","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.961 p.670,675","Black-capped Antthrush","Black-capped Antthrush",null,"2026-022","Formicarius destructus is treated as a species separate from <em>F. nigricapillus</em> based on significant differences in vocalizations supported by plumage and morphology (Areta &amp; Benítez Saldívar 2025a, 2025b, 2025c).","Caribbean slope of northwestern to central Costa Rica and both slopes of Panama",null,null,null,"bkhant7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhant7","avibase-A346786E",null,null,"Buena Vista, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/840/mode/1up","Formicarius nigricapillus"],["15401","species","Passeriformes","Formicariidae","Antthrushes","Formicarius destructus","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.493","Black-hooded Antthrush","Black-hooded Antthrush",null,"2026-022","Formicarius destructus is treated as a species separate from <em>F. nigricapillus</em> based on significant differences in vocalizations supported by plumage and morphology (Areta &amp; Benítez Saldívar 2025a, 2025b, 2025c).","tropical Pacific Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,"bkhant8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhant8","avibase-3BB6EA56",null,null,"Paramba, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","On a collection of birds from North-western Ecuador, collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/513/mode/1up","Formicarius analis destructus"],["15402","family","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnariidae",null,null,"Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ovenbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"furnar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/furnar2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["15403","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnophilus caudacutus [Vieillot, 1816]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 42).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/384/mode/1up","Sclerurus"],["15404","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus mexicanus","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.290","Tawny-throated Leaftosser","Middle American Leaftosser",null,"2025-0724","Taxon <em>obscurior </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sclerurus mexicanus</em> (polytypic, including <em>pullus</em>) based on deep divergence in mitochondrial DNA (d’Horta et al. 2013), paraphyly with <em>S. rufigularis </em>based on genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020), and vocal differences (Boesman 2016kk; Cooper &amp; Cuervo 2017). Further research is needed to determine species limits in the<em> S. mexicanus sensu stricto </em>complex.","humid forest of foothills and mountains on Caribbean slope from Hidalgo (east-central Mexico) through northern Oaxaca to southern Belize and through eastern Panama",null,null,null,"tatlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tatlea1","avibase-179D87DA",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/348/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus"],["15405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Veracruz and Chiapas) to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-444F16C7",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/348/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus"],["15406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus mexicanus pullus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to western Panama; eastern Panama (Mount Tacarcuna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2314B358",null,null,"Boquete, 5000 feet, southern slope of Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/53/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus pullus"],["15407","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus rufigularis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.87","Short-billed Leaftosser","Short-billed Leaftosser","Short-billed Leaftosser",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from central and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Brazilian Amazon to northeastern Bolivia, and in the western Amazon of Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702965","shblea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shblea1","avibase-A085AD13",null,null,"Borba and Marabitanas, Brazil; type from Borba, Rio Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/97/mode/1up","Sclerurus rufigularis"],["15408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus rufigularis fulvigularis","Todd, 1920","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-805633BA",null,null,"Tamanoir, French Guiana.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/98/mode/1up","Sclerurus rufigularis fulvigularis"],["15409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus rufigularis furfurosus","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil north of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03DE5C90",null,null,"Óbidos, Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Oven-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/57/mode/1up","Sclerurus rufigularis furfurosus"],["15410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus rufigularis brunnescens","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil (north of the Amazon River, east to right bank of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42005E80",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Oven-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/58/mode/1up","Sclerurus rufigularis brunnescens"],["15411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus rufigularis rufigularis","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas eastward to Maranhão, southward to north Mato Grosso) to northeastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-254C837C",null,null,"Borba and Marabitanas, Brazil; type from Borba, Rio Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/97/mode/1up","Sclerurus rufigularis"],["15412","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus obscurior","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.370","Dusky Leaftosser","South American Leaftosser",null,"2025-0724","Taxon <em>obscurior </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sclerurus mexicanus</em> (polytypic, including <em>pullus</em>) based on deep divergence in mitochondrial DNA (d’Horta et al. 2013), paraphyly with <em>S. rufigularis </em>based on genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020), and vocal differences (Boesman 2016kk; Cooper &amp; Cuervo 2017). Further research is needed to determine species limits in the<em> S. mexicanus sensu stricto </em>complex.","tropical rainforest to montane cloudforest in the lowlands and Andean foothills from eastern Panama and western Venezuela southward along the western Andes of Colombia to Valle del Cauca, central Andes to Tolima and eastern Andes to Putumayo; west of the Andes in the Pacific lowlands of western Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes locally in eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to the eastern Amazon of Brazil southward to Tocantins and eastward to northern Maranhão, and westward to the western Amazon in southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from central Bahia (possible further north from Alagoas) southward to Paraná",null,null,null,"soalea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soalea1","avibase-561897FD",null,null,"Lita [Esmeraldas], Ecuador.","On some birds from North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/420/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior"],["15413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus obscurior andinus","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.622",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E614F0A7",null,null,"Buenavista, 4500 feet, above Villavicencio, Eastern Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Sclerurus mexicanus andinus"],["15414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus obscurior obscurior","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52A23C46",null,null,"Lita [Esmeraldas], Ecuador.","On some birds from North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/420/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior"],["15415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus obscurior peruvianus","Chubb, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Amazon basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97DA58BF",null,null,"Yurimaguas, Peru.","Descriptions of new forms from South and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/179/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus peruvianus"],["15416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus obscurior macconnelli","Chubb, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CD86A39",null,null,"Ituribisi River, British Guiana.","Descriptions of new forms from South and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/179/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus macconnelli"],["15417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus obscurior bahiae","Chubb, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Alagoas to northeastern São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9832E42",null,null,"Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]","Descriptions of new forms from South and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/180/mode/1up","Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae"],["15418","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus guatemalensis","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.370","Scaly-throated Leaftosser","Scaly-throated Leaftosser","Scaly-throated Leaftosser",null,null,"humid lowland to hill forest of Caribbean slope from southeastern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca eastward through southern Yucatan Peninsula to northern Nicaragua, thence both slopes from southeastern Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica through north-central Colombia, west of the Andes to northwestern Colombia and (perhaps disjunctly) northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702978","sctlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctlea1","avibase-8A2B456C",null,null,"no locality = Guatemala by inference.","Notices Ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/378/mode/1up","Tinactor guatemalensis"],["15419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus guatemalensis guatemalensis","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Veracruz) to eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-584CFF10",null,null,"no locality = Guatemala by inference.","Notices Ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/378/mode/1up","Tinactor guatemalensis"],["15420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus guatemalensis salvini","Salvadori & Festa, 1899","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.362 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Chocó) to western Ecuador (south to Guayas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66000A0D",null,null,"forests of Río Peripa, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/203/mode/1up","Sclerurus salvini"],["15421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus guatemalensis ennosiphyllus","Wetmore, 1951","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117, no.2 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (Magdalena Valley in Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA579294",null,null,"Volador, cerca de El Tigre, 25 millas al oeste de Simití, Bolívar, Colombia.","Additional forms of birds from Colombia and Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88993#page/91/mode/1up","Sclerurus guatemalensis ennosiphyllus"],["15422","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus caudacutus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.310","Black-tailed Leaftosser","Black-tailed Leaftosser","Black-tailed Leaftosser",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from central and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas south across the Brazilian Amazon to eastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northwestern Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to eastern Maranhão and southward to northern Mato Grosso; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil in Pernambuco southward to Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702972","bltlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltlea1","avibase-68408033",null,null,"Guiana = French Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/330/mode/1up","Thamnophilus caudacutus"],["15423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus caudacutus caudacutus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and north-central Brazil (Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45819ACC",null,null,"Guiana = French Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/330/mode/1up","Thamnophilus caudacutus"],["15424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus caudacutus insignis","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.757 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolívar) and adjacent northern Brazil (northwestern Pará and perhaps more widespread in northern Brazil north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-378C87A1",null,null,"Faro (Castanhal), Rio Jamundá [=Nhamunda, Pará], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 16, Notes on the genera Glyphorhynchus, Sittasomus, Deconychura, Margarornis, Premnornis, Premnoplex, and Sclerurus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4543/","Sclerurus caudacutus insignis"],["15425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.328 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, western Amazonian Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1F31A89",null,null,"Bogotá.","Further Additions to the List of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/29/mode/1up","Sclerurus brunneus"],["15426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus caudacutus pallidus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.757 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Capím)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BBC51AA",null,null,"Villa Bella Imperatriz (Lago Andira), south bank of the Amazon, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 16, Notes on the genera Glyphorhynchus, Sittasomus, Deconychura, Margarornis, Premnornis, Premnoplex, and Sclerurus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4543/","Sclerurus caudacutus pallidus"],["15427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4D92A85",null,null,"Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/63/mode/1up","Myiothera umbretta"],["15428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus caudacutus caligineus","Pinto, 1954","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 12(1) p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26DD54C7",null,null,"Mangabeiras (Engenho Sinimbu) [Alagoas, Brazil]","Resultados ornitologicos de duas viagens cientificas ao Estado de Alagoas.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208557","Sclerurus caudacutus caligineus"],["15429","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus scansor","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg (6), 1 p.520 pl.11","Rufous-breasted Leaftosser","Rufous-breasted Leaftosser",null,"2025-0725","Taxon <em>cearensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Sclerurus scansor</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes recognized as a separate species based on plumage and vocalizations; however, patterns of mitochondrial DNA divergence (d'Horta et al. 2011, 2013) are more consistent with subspecies-level differentiation in the genus <em>Sclerurus</em>, and variability in vocalizations (Boesman 2016ll) requires further documentation.","humid forest from northeastern Brazil in Ceará southward across interior Brazil to Goiás, Minas Gerais, and central Bahia, and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from southern Bahia southward to Rio Grande do Sul and westward to eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina in Misiones",null,null,null,"rublea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rublea1","avibase-4EE931C8",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais.",null,null,"Oxypyga scansor"],["15430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus scansor cearensis","Snethlage, 1924","Journal für Ornithologie 72, no.3 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Ceará and northern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE63BF47",null,null,"São Paulo, Serra do Ibiapaba, Ceará.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Ost-Brasilien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905394","Sclerurus scansor cearensis"],["15431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus scansor scansor","(Ménétries, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg (6), 1 p.520 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Goiás) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B90D6E42",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais.",null,null,"Oxypyga scansor"],["15432","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.627,630","Grey-throated Leaftosser","Gray-throated Leaftosser","Grey-throated Leaftosser",null,null,"humid forest in montane areas from northwestern Costa Rica to western Panama; in South America from Trinidad and Tobago westward to the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela from Monagas west to western Lara, and in the Andes from western Venezuela, Sierra de Perijá, and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southward along the eastern slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia to southeastern Peru; in southeastern Amazonia of Peru extends eastward to the lowlands to Acre, Rondônia and Mato Grosso, in Brazil, and southward to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702968","grtlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtlea1","avibase-217490B5",null,null,"Venezuela; Cumbre de Valencia suggested as restricted type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 247.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/748/mode/1up","Sclerurus albigularis"],["15433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis canigularis","Ridgway, 1889","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.750 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E0B2DEE",null,null,"Turrialba, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/678/mode/1up","Sclerurus canigularis"],["15434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis propinquus","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DD33179",null,null,"Chirua, 7000 feet, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/129/mode/1up","Sclerurus albigularis propinquus"],["15435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis albigularis","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.627,630",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB072CFB",null,null,"Venezuela; Cumbre de Valencia suggested as restricted type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 247.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/748/mode/1up","Sclerurus albigularis"],["15436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis kunanensis","Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1950","Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 10 (26) p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03D57447",null,null,"Kunana, Sierra de Perijá, Río Negro, Venezuela.","Descripción de cuatro aves nuevas de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cuatro-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela/","Sclerurus albigularis kunanensis"],["15437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis zamorae","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18195A86",null,null,"Zamora, Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Sclerurus albigularis zamorae"],["15438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis albicollis","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (southward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D7658E1",null,null,"Teoponte, 1425 feet, Río Kaka, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Sclerurus albigularis albicollis"],["15439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sclerurus albigularis kempffi","Kratter, 1997","Ornitología Neotropical 8, no.1 p.23-30",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Bolivia (Serrania Huanchaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0332F49A",null,null,"Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, en la base sur de la Serranía Huanchaca, 14°50'S, 60°25'W, Velasco, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","A new subspecies of Sclerurus albigularis (Gray-throated Leaftosser) from northeastern Bolivia, with notes on geographic variation.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol8/iss1/6/","Sclerurus albigularis kempffi"],["15440","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.317 fig.283",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Geositta anthoides [Swainson, 1838]; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1838, Animals in Menageries, p. 323). = Alauda fissirostris von Kittlitz, 1835  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/341/mode/1up","Geositta"],["15441","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta peruviana","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.75","Coastal Miner","Coastal Miner","Coastal Miner",null,null,"arid littoral of far northern coastal Peru from northern Tumbes to Ica (south-central coast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701988","coamin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coamin1","avibase-08B56CA2",null,null,"Vicinity of Lima, Peru.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/83/mode/1up","Geositta peruviana"],["15442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta peruviana paytae","Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906","Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle d'Autun 19 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of Peru (Tumbes to Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47792203",null,null,"Payta, northwest coast of Peru.",null,null,"Geositta paytae"],["15443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta peruviana peruviana","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of central Peru (Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E4F9338",null,null,"Vicinity of Lima, Peru.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/83/mode/1up","Geositta peruviana"],["15444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta peruviana rostrata","Sztolcman, 1926","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of south-central Peru (Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EFAA6D0",null,null,"Ocucaje, near Ica, Peru.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Geositta peruviana rostrata"],["15445","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta tenuirostris","(de Lafresnaye, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.58-59, p.7","Slender-billed Miner","Slender-billed Miner","Slender-billed Miner",null,null,"dry paramo and puna in central Ecuador and from northern Peru, west and south of the Río Marañón, southward across Peru and Bolivia to northern and western Argentina southward to Mendoza",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702009","slbmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbmin1","avibase-BB636E9E",null,null,"no locality; the types are from Sicasica Bolivia.","ALOUETTE. ALAUDA. Lin. - CERTHILAUDA. Swainson. - SIRLI. Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/73/mode/1up","Alauda tenuirostris"],["15446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta tenuirostris kalimayae","Krabbe, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.166 [166-169]",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Ecuador (west slopes of Volcán Iliniza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69E160BE",null,null,"Planadas de Guintza, 00°44's, 78°45'W, Cotopaxi, Ecuador.","A new subspecies of the Slender-billed Miner Geositta tenuirostris (Furnariidae) from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/470/mode/1up","Geositta tenuirostris kalimayae"],["15447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta tenuirostris tenuirostris","(de Lafresnaye, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.58-59, p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Ecuador to northwestern Argentina and far northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0574BDA3",null,null,"no locality; the types are from Sicasica Bolivia.","ALOUETTE. ALAUDA. Lin. - CERTHILAUDA. Swainson. - SIRLI. Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/73/mode/1up","Alauda tenuirostris"],["15448","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta punensis","Dabbene, 1917","Physis Buenos Aires 3 no.13 p.54","Puna Miner","Puna Miner","Puna Miner",null,null,"Andes of far southern Peru to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701991","punmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punmin1","avibase-0A82C7EB",null,null,"La Quiaca, 3300 meters, Jujuy, Argentina.","Especies y subespecies aparamente nuevas de Geositta y Cinclodes de la Reublica Argentina y del Sur de Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110531#page/72/mode/1up","Geositta punensis"],["15449","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 1 p.369","Common Miner","Common Miner","Common Miner",null,null,"grassland and arid scrub from the Andes of central Peru, in Huánuco, southeastward to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina, and in southeastern Brazil from Santa Catarina southward across Uruguay to eastern Buenos Aires, Argentina; migrates southward across Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; also in the coast of southern Peru from Ica southward to southern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701981","commin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/commin1","avibase-4EE70F32",null,null,"Environs of the Río de la Plata and in the pampas of Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68873#page/473/mode/1up","Alauda cunicularia"],["15450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia juninensis","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Peru (Junín and Huancavelica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBF91828",null,null,"Junín, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/103/mode/1up","Geositta cunicularia juninensis"],["15451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia titicacae","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"high plateau of southern Peru to far northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F7AE6AF",null,null,"Tirapata, 12,700 feet, Titicaca Basin, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Geositta cunicularia titicacae"],["15452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia frobeni","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1864)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 25 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Andes of southern Peru (Arequipa and Tacna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B908F20",null,null,"Putre, 10,000 feet, Tacna, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202407#page/419/mode/1up","Certhilauda Frobeni"],["15453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia georgei","Koepcke, 1965","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 4 p.150-173",null,null,null,null,null,"lomas of coastal southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63BFCBF5",null,null,"Quebrada Seca, Hacienda Parcoy, cerca de Chala, 15°52'S, 74°15' W, Caravelí, Arequipa, Perú.","Zur Kenntnis einiger Furnariiden (Aves) der Küste und des westlichen Andenabhanges Perus (mit Beschreibungen neuer Subspezies).",null,"Geositta cunicularia georgei"],["15454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia deserticolor","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.5 p.72-73",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of southwestern Peru (Arequipa) to northern Chile (Atacama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A435BB04",null,null,"Caldera, Atacama, Chile.","New Birds from Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25993#page/10/mode/1up","Geositta cunicularia deserticolor"],["15455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia fissirostris","(Kittlitz, 1835)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile (southern Atacama to Llanquihué)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA417D54",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Alauda fissirostris"],["15456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia contrerasi","Nores & Yzurieta, 1980","Historia Natural (Mendoza) 1 p.169-172",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Argentina (Sierras Grandes in Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BC317F9",null,null,"Los Gigantes, Sierras Grandes de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.","Nuevas aves de la Argentina (1).",null,"Geositta cunicularia contrerasi"],["15457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia hellmayri","Peters, 1925","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EF66ED9",null,null,"Huanuluan, Río Negro, Argentina.","A new Geositta from western Argentina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/169/mode/1up","Geositta cunicularia hellmayri"],["15458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta cunicularia cunicularia","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 1 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Brazil to Uruguay, Argentina, and Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B00FFE4",null,null,"Environs of the Río de la Plata and in the pampas of Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68873#page/473/mode/1up","Alauda cunicularia"],["15459","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta poeciloptera","(Wied-Neuwied, 1830)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.1 p.633","Campo Miner","Campo Miner","Campo Miner",null,null,"south-central Brazil (Minas Gerais to São Paulo) and adjacent northeastern Bolivia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701974","cammin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cammin2","avibase-10B5497A",null,null,"Inner Campos Geraes of Brazil = Minas Gerais and Baia [=Bahia, Brazil] border.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/653/mode/1up","Anthus poecilopterus"],["15460","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta crassirostris","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.98","Thick-billed Miner","Thick-billed Miner","Thick-billed Miner",null,null,"west slope of Andes of Peru (Lima southward to Arequipa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702006","thbmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbmin1","avibase-ED051BF9",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Professor W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part I.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/142/mode/1up","Geositta crassirostris"],["15461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta crassirostris fortis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1901","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 11 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lomas of west-central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C5754D0",null,null,"Pauza (7500 feet), Loichos, Peru","Descriptions d'oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central recueillis par le voyageur Polonais Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81337#page/234/mode/1up","Geositta crassirostris fortis"],["15462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta crassirostris crassirostris","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-805AF65F",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Professor W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part I.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/142/mode/1up","Geositta crassirostris"],["15463","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta rufipennis","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.249","Rufous-banded Miner","Rufous-banded Miner","Rufous-banded Miner",null,null,"grassland and arid scrub in the Andes of western Bolivia from southeastern La Paz southward to southern Chile and southern Argentina in Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702003","rubmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubmin1","avibase-9E5E7504",null,null,"Paraná, Entre Ríos; error = Sierra de Tucumán, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, 1925, p. 11, note a.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/261/mode/1up","Geobamon rufipennis"],["15464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta rufipennis fasciata","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1864)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 25 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of northern and central Chile (Atacama southward to Malleco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDC56094",null,null,"low Cordilleras in provinces of Santiago and Colchagua at elevations between 5000 and 9000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202407#page/423/mode/1up","Geobamon fasciatus"],["15465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta rufipennis harrisoni","Marín, Kiff & Peña, 1989","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile (southwestern Antofagasta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D584DF93",null,null,"Quebrada Paposo; 22° 02' S, 70° 29'W, Provincia de Antofagasta, Chile.","Notes on the Chilean birds, with descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/85/mode/1up","Geositta rufipennis harrisoni"],["15466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta rufipennis rufipennis","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"western Bolivia (La Paz southward to Potosí; sight records from Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy to San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF1CDCE6",null,null,"Paraná, Entre Ríos; error = Sierra de Tucumán, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, 1925, p. 11, note a.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/261/mode/1up","Geobamon rufipennis"],["15467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta rufipennis giaii","Contreras, 1976","Physis Buenos Aires Ser.C 35 p.213-220",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Argentina (southern Neuquén to west-central Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2899E439",null,null,"Cerro Carbón, Valle del Arroyo Bernal, 9 Km.del Lago Nahuel Huapi, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.","Una nueva subespecie de Geositta rufipennis procedente de las cercanías de San Carlos de Bariloche, provincia de Río Negro, Argentina (Aves, Furnariidae).",null,"Geositta rufipennis giaii"],["15468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta rufipennis ottowi","Hoy, 1968","Journal für Ornithologie 109, no.2 p.228-229",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Argentina (Sierra de Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-903359CA",null,null,"Sierra de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.","Geositta rufipennis ottowi eine neue Subspecies aus der Sierra de Cordoba.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671351","Geositta rufipennis ottowi"],["15469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta rufipennis hoyi","Contreras, 1980","Historia Natural (Mendoza) 1 p.137-148",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Argentina (Mendoza southward to Neuquén) and southwestern Chile (Aysen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEE4460E",null,null,"Quebrada de las Lajas, Departamento Las Heras, Mendoza, Argentina.","Geositta rufipennis hoyi, nueva subespecie y consideraciones sobre G. rufipennis en el centro y el oeste Argentinos (Aves: Furnariidae).",null,"Geositta rufipennis hoyi"],["15470","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta maritima","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.72","Greyish Miner","Grayish Miner","Greyish Miner",null,null,"arid littoral of Peru (Ancash) to northern Chile (Atacama)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701984","gramin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gramin1","avibase-198D7ADC",null,null,"Cobija 'Bolivia' = northern Chile.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/188/mode/1up","Certhilauda maritima"],["15471","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta saxicolina","Taczanowski, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.524","Dark-winged Miner","Dark-winged Miner","Dark-winged Miner",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (western Junín, Huancavelica, Lima, and Pasco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701994","dawmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dawmin1","avibase-95D7191D",null,null,"Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/682/mode/1up","Geositta saxicolina"],["15472","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta isabellina","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1864)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 25 p.412","Creamy-rumped Miner","Creamy-rumped Miner","Creamy-rumped Miner",null,null,"Andes of central Chile and adjacent western Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22701997","crrmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crrmin1","avibase-74375A41",null,null,"Cordilleras of Province of Santiago, Valle Largo and Los Piuquenes at elevations of 7000 to 10,000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202407#page/420/mode/1up","Certhilauda isabellina"],["15473","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geositta antarctica","Landbeck, 1880","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 46, bd.1 p.274 pl.12","Short-billed Miner","Short-billed Miner","Short-billed Miner",null,null,"breeds southern Chile and southern Argentina; winters northward to Mendoza",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702000","shbmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbmin1","avibase-384F1772",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30001#page/282/mode/1up","Geositta antarctica"],["15474","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus","Wied-Neuwied, 1831","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1149",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Glyphorynchus ruficaudus [zu Wied, 1831]; type by monotypy = Dendrocolaptes cuneatus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1171/mode/1up","Glyphorynchus"],["15475","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.338","Wedge-billed Woodcreeper","Wedge-billed Woodcreeper","Wedge-billed Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in eastern Mexico (from northern Oaxaca and southern Veracruz) southeastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in the Pacific lowlands of southern Costa Rica and western Panama; in northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward along the Magdalena Valley to Cundinamarca, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes in the eastern foothills of the Andes of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, and in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from northeastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon of Brazil, eastern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, southward to central Bolivia; in Brazil eastward to northern Maranhão, southward to central Mato Grosso; also in the Atlantic Forest from northern Bahia southward to Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703043","webwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/webwoo1","avibase-B7517CD1",null,null,"South America = Cayenne, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promerops, pl. 31, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/354/mode/1up","Neops spirurus"],["15476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus pectoralis","Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA996477",null,null,"Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/381/mode/1up","Glyphorhynchus pectoralis"],["15477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus subrufescens","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of southeastern Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52EBC5B6",null,null,"Potedo, Chocó, Colombia.","Critical remarks on the Wood-hewers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/26/mode/1up","Glyphorynchus spirurus subrufescens"],["15478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus pallidulus","Wetmore, 1970","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 82 p.770",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia (northern Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0BFEAD8",null,null,"Charco del Toro, Río Majé, Province of Panamá, Panamá","Descriptions of additional forms of birds from Panamá and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107490#page/386/mode/1up","Glyphorhynchus spirurus pallidulus"],["15479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus integratus","Zimmer, 1946","The Auk 63, no.4 p.569",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA268BE9",null,null,"Puerto Boyacá, Territorio Vasquez, 05 45' S, 74 39' W, 155 m, Colombia.","A new subspecies of Wedge-bill from Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol63/iss4/9/","Glyphorhynchus spirurus integratus"],["15480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus rufigularis","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.757 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Ecuador, and northwestern Brazil (eastward to east bank on upper and west bank on lower Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBEE38C9",null,null,"Campamento del Medio, 350 feet, Mt. Duida, 03 25' S, 65 40' W, 350 ft, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 16, Notes on the genera Glyphorhynchus, Sittasomus, Deconychura, Margarornis, Premnornis, Premnoplex, and Sclerurus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4543/","Glyphorhynchus spirurus rufigularis"],["15481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus amacurensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCF92172",null,null,"Jobure, Territorio Delta Amacuro, Venezuela.","Nine new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/243/mode/1up","Glyphorynchus spirurus amacurensis"],["15482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus spirurus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and adjacent northern Brazil (lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5C274D2",null,null,"South America = Cayenne, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promerops, pl. 31, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/354/mode/1up","Neops spirurus"],["15483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus coronobscurus","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina in southwestern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14716FE6",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, Río Yatúa, Amazonas Venezuela.","Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/129/mode/1up","Glyphorynchus spirurus coronobscurus"],["15484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus castelnaudii","des Murs, 1856","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.47 pl.15 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil (east to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C799342",null,null,"Santa Maria, lower Huallaga River, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/217/mode/1up","Glyphorhynchus Castelnaudii"],["15485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus albigularis","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) to northern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DC97759",null,null,"Mission San Antonio, 1300 feet, Río Chimore, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Glyphorhynchus cuneatus albigularis"],["15486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus inornatus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.757 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Madeira to Tapajós and southern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-197194E9",null,null,"Lago Andira, Villa Bella Imperatriz [Parintins], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 16, Notes on the genera Glyphorhynchus, Sittasomus, Deconychura, Margarornis, Premnornis, Premnoplex, and Sclerurus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4543/","Glyphorhynchus spirurus inornatus"],["15487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus paraensis","Pinto, 1974","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 27 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9462ACF0",null,null,"Utinga, arrabales de la Ciudad de Belém, Pará, Brasil.","Miscelânea ornitológica. VIII. Duas subespécies novas de Furnariidae brasileiras.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/210942","Glyphorynchus spirurus paraensis"],["15488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Glyphorynchus spirurus cuneatus","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (1818-1819) p.204 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (northern Bahia to northern Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41D2663A",null,null,"no locality, = State of Baia, Brazil, [=Bahia, Brazil] ex op. cit. for 1822, p. 266.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=249","Dendrocolaptes cuneatus"],["15489","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiasomus","Derryberry, Claramunt, Chesser et al., 2010","Zootaxa 2416.1 (2010) 44-50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sittasomus stictolaemus [von Pelzeln, 1868]; type by original designation",null,"Certhiasomus, a new genus of woodcreeper (Aves: Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289327373","Certhiasomus"],["15490","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiasomus stictolaemus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.42,59","Spot-throated Woodcreeper","Spot-throated Woodcreeper","Spot-throated Woodcreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to eastern Peru in Ucayali and eastward to southern Venezuela and most of the Brazilian Amazon northeastward to Amapá and eastern French Guiana, eastward to northern Maranhão and southward to eastern Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso; also isolated in central Guyana and Suriname",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703032","sptwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptwoo1","avibase-C8717F89",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/69/mode/1up","Sittasomus stictolaemus"],["15491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiasomus stictolaemus clarior","(Zimmer, 1929)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Amazonia north of the Amazon in Brazil (from Rio Negro eastward to Amapá), Venezuela, and French Guiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B23285C9",null,null,"Pied Saut, Oyapock, French Guiana.","The Birds of the Neotropical genus Deconychura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21064#page/22/mode/1up","Deconychura stictolaema clarior"],["15492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiasomus stictolaemus secundus","(Hellmayr, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia (southern Colombia to northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0537A4C0",null,null,"Río Coca, upper Napo, Ecuador.","On new species of South-American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/535/mode/1up","Deconychura secunda"],["15493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiasomus stictolaemus stictolaemus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.42,59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (from Rio Madeira eastward to lower Rio Tocantins and Maranhão, and southward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DED500F",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/69/mode/1up","Sittasomus stictolaemus"],["15494","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dendrocolaptes sylviellus [Temminck, 1821]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/383/mode/1up","Sittasomus"],["15495","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.119","Olivaceous Woodcreeper","Olivaceous Woodcreeper",null,"2025-0716","Taxon <em>griseus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Sittasomus griseicapillus</em> pending further research. This variable complex is sometimes split into eastern (<em>S. griseicapillus</em>) and western (<em>S. griseus</em>) groups based on plumage and vocalizations. However, genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that the <em>griseus </em>group is embedded within the <em>griseicapillus </em>group, suggesting that <em>Sittasomus </em>likely consists of more than two species. As not all taxa have been sampled genetically, we continue to recognize only a single species pending completion of a comprehensive genetic, vocal, and phenotypic review of the complex.","deciduous to humid forest from northern Mexico in the Gulf of Mexico slope from southern Nuevo León and Tamaulipas southeastward across Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to southern Nicaragua, and on the Pacific slope from Nayarit to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward in interior Colombia along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Quindio and Cundinamarca); west of the Andes in far southwestern Colombia southward to far northern Peru; in the foothills of the Andes and coastal mountains of western and northern Venezuela eastward to the Paría Peninsula and Tobago, and in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from central and southern Venezuela, Guyana, and French Guiana westward and southward across Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and eastward across interior Brazil to the Atlantic Forest southward to northernmost Uruguay and northeastern Argentina southward to Santa Fe, and in the Yungas of Bolivia southward to Argentina southward to Catamarca and La Rioja",null,null,null,"oliwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliwoo1","avibase-5DE4409C",null,null,"Paraguay; based on 'trepadore palido y roxo' of Azara; restricted to Concepcion del Paraguay by Hellmayr, 1925.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/135/mode/1up","Dendrocopus griseicapillus"],["15496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus jaliscensis","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexico (Nayarit and San Luis Potosí to Isthmus of Tehuantepec)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0D8AC9C",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Sittasomus sylvioides jaliscensis"],["15497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus gracileus","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.8 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) northern Belize, and adjacent northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD9CD0F",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan.","A collection of Birds from Oaxaca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/454/mode/1up","Sittasomus griseicapillus gracileus"],["15498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus sylvioides","de Lafresnaye, 1850","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.590",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64A184B3",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to State of Veracruz by Bangs and Peters, 1928.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95, 145, 275, 369 et 417.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/618/mode/1up","Sittasomus sylvioides"],["15499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus perijanus","Phelps & Gilliard, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1100 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A417BF1A",null,null,"La Sabana, Río Negro, Perijá dist., Zulia, Venezuela.","Six new birds from the Perijá Mountains of Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4678/","Sittasomus griseicapillus perijanus"],["15500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus tachirensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and western Venezuela (southwestern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0891C70C",null,null,"Cerro El Teteo, Burgua, Táchira, Venezuela.","Three new birds from Cerro el Teteo, Venezuela, and extensions of ranges to Venezuela and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/353/mode/1up","Sittasomus griseicapillus tachirensis"],["15501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus griseus","Jardine, 1847","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.19, no.124 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes and coastal ranges of northern Venezuela; Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E15C6A0",null,null,"Tobago.","VIII. Horae Zoologicae. [Continued from vol. xviii. p. 121.] Ornithology of the Island of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19437#page/108/mode/1up","Sittasomus griseus"],["15502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus aequatorialis","Ridgway, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.877 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador (western Esmeraldas) to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B824052D",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/581/mode/1up","Sittasomus aequatorialis"],["15503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus amazonus","de Lafresnaye, 1850","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.590",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira, southward to northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F522FCCB",null,null,"Upper Amazon in Peru.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95, 145, 275, 369 et 417.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/618/mode/1up","Sittasomus amazonus"],["15504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus axillaris","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.757 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and far northern Brazil (south of the Amazon River from lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C49AB0D6",null,null,"São Jose, near Faro, Rio Jamundá [=Nhamunda, Pará], 02 11\u0002S, 56 44\u0002W Brazil","Studies of Peruvian birds. 16, Notes on the genera Glyphorhynchus, Sittasomus, Deconychura, Margarornis, Premnornis, Premnoplex, and Sclerurus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4543/","Sittasomus griseicapillus axillaris"],["15505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus viridis","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Bolivia (La Paz, Beni, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-298D4738",null,null,"Santa Ana, 2200 feet, Río Coroico, La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Sittasomus griseicapillus viridis"],["15506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus transitivus","Pinto & Camargo, 1948","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 8 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River, eastward from at least Rio Tapajós (probably from Rio Madeira), to northeastern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27EC09E4",null,null,"Chavantina, Rio das Mortes, Mato Grosso.","Sobre uma coleção de aves do Rio das Mortes (Estado de Mato Grosso).","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208427","Sittasomus griseicapillus transitivus"],["15507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus griseicapillus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil to Paraguay, northern Argentina, and southern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024659B0",null,null,"Paraguay; based on 'trepadore palido y roxo' of Azara; restricted to Concepcion del Paraguay by Hellmayr, 1925.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/135/mode/1up","Dendrocopus griseicapillus"],["15508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri","Hellmayr, 1917","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí to northern Goiás and western Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1529EA3B",null,null,"Pedrinha, western shore of Lake Parnagua, Piauí.","Miscellanea Ornithologica II. Zwei neue neotropische Tracheophonen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/200/mode/1up","Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri"],["15509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus olivaceus","Wied-Neuwied, 1831","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1146",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9FD74A1",null,null,"southeastern Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1168/mode/1up","Sittasomus olivaceus"],["15510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.12, vol.4 pl.72 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina, southeastern Paraguay, and northeastern Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0ECA270",null,null,"Brazil = Rio de Janeiro by designation of Hellmayr, 1925.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/131/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes sylviellus"],["15511","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Deconychura typica [Cherrie, 1891]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/382/mode/1up","Deconychura"],["15512","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura longicauda","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.42,60","Whistling Long-tailed Woodcreeper","Whistling Long-tailed Woodcreeper","Whistling Long-tailed Woodcreeper","2025-0715","Three species are recognized in the <em>Deconychura longicauda</em> complex based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA (Barbosa 2010) and vocal (Boesman 2016mm) evidence: polytypic <em>D. typica</em> (<em>typica</em>, <em>darienensis</em>, and <em>minor</em>); nominate<em> D. longicauda</em> (monotypic); and polytypic <em>D. pallida</em> (<em>pallida, connectens</em>, and <em>zimmeri</em>). Both vocal and mtDNA data indicate the presence of an unnamed taxon in the Andean foothills (Barbosa 2010; Boesman 2016mm; see also Schulenberg et al. 2010) that probably represents a fourth species; formal nomenclatural description of this taxon is underway.","the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (from Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103661261","lotwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotwoo4","avibase-15B327AC",null,null,"Borba, Marabitanas, Barra do Rio Negro = Manaus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/70/mode/1up","Dendrocincla longicauda"],["15513","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura typica","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.339","Piping Long-tailed Woodcreeper","Piping Long-tailed Woodcreeper","Piping Long-tailed Woodcreeper","2025-0715","Three species are recognized in the <em>Deconychura longicauda</em> complex based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA (Barbosa 2010) and vocal (Boesman 2016mm) evidence: polytypic <em>D. typica</em> (<em>typica</em>, <em>darienensis</em>, and <em>minor</em>); nominate<em> D. longicauda</em> (monotypic); and polytypic <em>D. pallida</em> (<em>pallida, connectens</em>, and <em>zimmeri</em>). Both vocal and mtDNA data indicate the presence of an unnamed taxon in the Andean foothills (Barbosa 2010; Boesman 2016mm; see also Schulenberg et al. 2010) that probably represents a fourth species; formal nomenclatural description of this taxon is underway.","mostly humid forest from eastern Honduras and northern Nicaragua and from western Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua eastward to northern and eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, in northern Colombia near the Andes (northward to Córdoba and Bolívar), southward to the lower Magdalena Valley (northern Tolima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103661269","lotwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotwoo3","avibase-35F28244",null,null,"Pozo Azul de Pirris, southwestern Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/383/mode/1up","Deconychura typica"],["15514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura typica typica","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-321478ED",null,null,"Pozo Azul de Pirris, southwestern Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/383/mode/1up","Deconychura typica"],["15515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura typica darienensis","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-476959CD",null,null,"Cana, eastern Panama.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/258/mode/1up","Dechonychura typica darienensis"],["15516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura typica minor","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA3DBB07",null,null,"El Tambor, Santander, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/142/mode/1up","Deconychura typica minor"],["15517","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura pallida","Zimmer, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.1 p.6","Mournful Long-tailed Woodcreeper","Mournful Long-tailed Woodcreeper","Mournful Long-tailed Woodcreeper","2025-0715","Three species are recognized in the <em>Deconychura longicauda</em> complex based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA (Barbosa 2010) and vocal (Boesman 2016mm) evidence: polytypic <em>D. typica</em> (<em>typica</em>, <em>darienensis</em>, and <em>minor</em>); nominate<em> D. longicauda</em> (monotypic); and polytypic <em>D. pallida</em> (<em>pallida, connectens</em>, and <em>zimmeri</em>). Both vocal and mtDNA data indicate the presence of an unnamed taxon in the Andean foothills (Barbosa 2010; Boesman 2016mm; see also Schulenberg et al. 2010) that probably represents a fourth species; formal nomenclatural description of this taxon is underway.","tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward across southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador (mostly in the foothills of the Andes) southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz), and in Brazil eastward to eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão, and southward to northern Mato Grosso and Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103661265","lotwoo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotwoo5","avibase-3B21E1E3",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","The Birds of the Neotropical genus Deconychura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21064#page/14/mode/1up","Deconychura longicauda pallida"],["15518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura pallida connectens","Zimmer, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Amazonian Brazil to eastern Ecuador and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D0218ED",null,null,"Puerto Bermúdez, Río Pichis, Junín, Peru [Pasco, Peru]","The Birds of the Neotropical genus Deconychura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21064#page/16/mode/1up","Deconychura longicauda connectens"],["15519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura pallida pallida","Zimmer, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Brazil (Mato Grosso) across southern Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River) to (at least) the left bank of the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6715910",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","The Birds of the Neotropical genus Deconychura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21064#page/14/mode/1up","Deconychura longicauda pallida"],["15520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Deconychura pallida zimmeri","Pinto, 1974","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 27 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pará) eastward from the east bank of the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B05D12EA",null,null,"Ruta Belém- Brasilia; Municipio del Rio Capim, Pará, Brasil.","Miscelânea ornitológica. 8. Duas subespécies novas de Furnariidae Brasileiras.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/210942","Deconychura longicauda zimmeri"],["15521","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dendrocolaptes turdinus [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1820]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/32/mode/1up","Dendrocincla"],["15522","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla tyrannina","(de Lafresnaye, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.328","Tyrannine Woodcreeper","Tyrannine Woodcreeper","Tyrannine Woodcreeper",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from far southwestern Venezuela southward along the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (Cajamarca), and from northern Peru south of the Marañón, southward in the eastern Andes to far northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703007","tyrwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tyrwoo1","avibase-871963BC",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/350/mode/1up","Dendrocops tyranninus"],["15523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla tyrannina tyrannina","(de Lafresnaye, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to eastern Peru (Cordillera Vilcabamba); a population in La Paz, Bolivia may belong here, or may represent an undescribed subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A615BF0",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/350/mode/1up","Dendrocops tyranninus"],["15524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla tyrannina hellmayri","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela (southwestern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A1DF0B2",null,null,"Páramo de Tama, Colombia.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/16/mode/1up","Dendrocincla tyrannina hellmayri"],["15525","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.208","White-chinned Woodcreeper","White-chinned Woodcreeper","White-chinned Woodcreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from central and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas, southwestward to eastern Colombia and northeastern Ecuador southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz); in Brazil across the entire Amazon eastward to northeastern Maranhão, southward to western Mato Grosso and Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703023","whcwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcwoo1","avibase-A3525AA5",null,null,"Cayenne.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=253","Dendrocolaptes Merula"],["15526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula bartletti","Chubb, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia and upper Orinoco basins, both north and south of Rio Amazon, from central Venezuela and central Colombia southward to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9194B1F",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Descriptions of new forms of South and Central American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/189/mode/1up","Dendrocincla bartletti"],["15527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula merula","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil (east of Rio Branco in Roraima and northern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-509486F0",null,null,"Cayenne.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=253","Dendrocolaptes Merula"],["15528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula obidensis","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil (Faro and Obidos) along north bank of Amazon River, from Rio Negro eastward to Amapá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2373143A",null,null,"Óbidos, Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Wood-hewers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/28/mode/1up","Dendrocincla merula obidensis"],["15529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula remota","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Bolivia (northern Santa Cruz); probably also adjacent Brazil (northwestern edge of Pantanal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A9B4587",null,null,"Río Yapacani, near Buenavista, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/108/mode/1up","Dendrocincla merula remota"],["15530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula olivascens","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A23DDA5",null,null,"Villa Bella Imperatriz [ = Parintins], Lago Andira, south bank of the Amazon, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Dendrocincla merula olivascens"],["15531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula castanoptera","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.650 p.490,494",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10B5A2DF",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/504/mode/1up","Dendrocincla castanoptera"],["15532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla merula badia","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tocantins to Rio Guamá, Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B22103",null,null,"Pedral, right bank of the Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Dendrocincla merula badia"],["15533","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla homochroa","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.382","Ruddy Woodcreeper","Ruddy Woodcreeper","Ruddy Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid to deciduous forest and woodland in the Gulf of Mexico slope from northern Oaxaca (Mexico) southeastward across Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to eastern Panama, and in the Pacific slope from southern Oaxaca to western El Salvador; in South America in far northwestern Colombia and in the foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703026","rudwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudwoo1","avibase-A36EA748",null,null,"Teotalcingo, Oaxaca.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/474/mode/1up","Dendromanes homochrous"],["15534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla homochroa homochroa","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E517C44",null,null,"Teotalcingo, Oaxaca.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/474/mode/1up","Dendromanes homochrous"],["15535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta","Oberholser, 1904","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56 p.449,462",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Nicaragua and western Costa Rica to far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46547BCD",null,null,"Chiriquí, Panama.","Monograph of the genus Dendrocincla Gray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30096#page/499/mode/1up","Dendrocincla acedesta"],["15536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northwestern Venezuela (Lara, Mérida, Barinas, and Apure)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8E95380",null,null,"Near Panama City, Panama.","Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Strigidae, and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/86/mode/1up","Dendrocincla ruficeps"],["15537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla homochroa meridionalis","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EA4DF5B",null,null,"Cerca de la Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.","Eight new birds and thirty-three extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/159/mode/1up","Dendrocincla homochroa meridionalis"],["15538","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla turdina","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.204 pl.2 fig.1","Plain-winged Woodcreeper","Plain-winged Woodcreeper",null,"2025-0717","Taxon <em>taunayi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dendrocincla turdina</em> based on genetics, supported by vocalizations. More commonly treated as a subspecies of <em>Dendrocincla fuliginosa</em>, however, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Weir &amp; Price 2011; Schultz et al. 2019) place <em>taunayi </em>as sister to <em>D. turdina</em>. Vocalizations also align <em>taunayi </em>with <em>D. turdina</em> (Weir &amp; Price 2011) but formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking; further research may support species recognition for <em>taunayi</em>.","humid and gallery forest in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, from Pernambuco and Alagoas southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul and westward to Paraná, northeastern Argentina (Misiones), and eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,"plwwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plwwoo1","avibase-D0715ED8",null,null,"No locality = State of Baia [=Bahia], Brazil, ex ibid, for 1820-21, 1822, p. 264.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=249","Dendrocolaptes turdinus"],["15539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla turdina taunayi","Pinto, 1939","Boletim Biológico, Nova Série n.s., 4 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (eastern Pernambuco and eastern Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45895CB3",null,null,"Fazenda São Bento, Tapera, Pernambuco, Brazil.","Duas formas novas da avifauna de Pernambuco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194614#page/220/mode/1up","Dendrocincla taunayi"],["15540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla turdina turdina","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.204 pl.2 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil (Bahia) and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81876372",null,null,"No locality = State of Baia [=Bahia], Brazil, ex ibid, for 1820-21, 1822, p. 264.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=249","Dendrocolaptes turdinus"],["15541","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla anabatina","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.54 pl.150","Tawny-winged Woodcreeper","Tawny-winged Woodcreeper","Tawny-winged Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid forest (mainly) of lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope from southern Veracruz and eastern Oaxaca through Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) through far north-central Costa Rica, then disjunctly in west-central Costal Rica to adjacent far southwestern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703020","tawwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawwoo1","avibase-635B57DB",null,null,"Omoa, Honduras.","List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Joseph Leyland in Honduras, Belize, and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/88/mode/1up","Dendrocincla anabatina"],["15542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.1 p.54 pl.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf-Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico to northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36C37321",null,null,"Omoa, Honduras.","List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Joseph Leyland in Honduras, Belize, and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/88/mode/1up","Dendrocincla anabatina"],["15543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla anabatina typhla","Oberholser, 1904","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56 p.449,452",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D0D0541",null,null,"Puerto Morelos, Yucatan.","Monograph of the genus Dendrocincla Gray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30096#page/499/mode/1up","Dendrocincla typhla"],["15544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla anabatina saturata","Carriker, 1910","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 6 p.649",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BF178C3",null,null,"El Pozo de Terraba, Costa Rica.","An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122994#page/703/mode/1up","Dendrocincla anabatina saturata"],["15545","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117","Plain-brown Woodcreeper","Plain-brown Woodcreeper",null,null,null,"mostly humid forest from eastern Honduras southward along the Caribbean slope of Nicaragua and Costa Rica to eastern Panama; in northern Colombia and northern Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas and northeastern Brazil; in central Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Quindio and Cundinamarca), and west of the Andes southward across western Colombia to northwesternmost Peru; in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela southward across the Amazon of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, southward to central Bolivia Brazil (eastward to northern Maranhão and western Tocantins, and southward to southern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,"plbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbwoo1","avibase-A31278C7",null,null,"Cayenne; based on Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promerops, pl. 28.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus fuliginosus"],["15546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa ridgwayi","Oberholser, 1904","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56 p.448,449,458",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Honduras to western Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A49AB0E6",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica.","Monograph of the genus Dendrocincla Gray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30096#page/498/mode/1up","Dendrocincla ridgwayi"],["15547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa lafresnayei","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.650 p.489,492",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Colombia and adjacent northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A5C3C2C",null,null,"Upper Amazon? error = Santa Marta region by designation of Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 418.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/503/mode/1up","Dendrocincla lafresnayei"],["15548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa meruloides","(de Lafresnaye, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93C41B4E",null,null,"'Cote ferme' = vicinity of Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/495/mode/1up","Dendrocops meruloides"],["15549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa deltana","Phelps & Phelps, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"northeast Venezuela in Río Orinoco delta",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDE2E5A0",null,null,"Misión Araguaimujo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/354/mode/1up","Dendrocincla fuliginosa deltana"],["15550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa barinensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of northern Colombia and west-central Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5CE9A8E",null,null,"Santa Barbara, 200 meters, Barinas, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/130/mode/1up","Dendrocincla fuliginosa barinensis"],["15551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa phaeochroa","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil (upper Rio Negro and Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74FE5412",null,null,"Munduapo, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/87/mode/1up","Dendrocinda (sic) phaeochroa"],["15552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa neglecta","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to western Brazil (east to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C89486F",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Wood-hewers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/28/mode/1up","Dendrocincla meruloides neglecta"],["15553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa atrirostris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northern and eastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso) (east to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC8C759E",null,null,"Guarayos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/186/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes atrirostris"],["15554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa fuliginosa","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southeast Venezuela to the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil (lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B6FB8DD",null,null,"Cayenne; based on Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promerops, pl. 28.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus fuliginosus"],["15555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa rufoolivacea","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.650 p.490,493",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (Rio Tapajós to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCEE01D4",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/504/mode/1up","Dendrocincla rufo-olivacea"],["15556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocincla fuliginosa trumaii","Sick, 1950","Ornithologische Berichte Heidelberg 3 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in southern Amazonian Brazil (upper Rio Xingu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A035A977",null,null,"Margen derecha del Rio Culuene, alto Rio Xingú, sur del Estado de Pará, Brasil.","Eine neue Form von Dendrocincla fuliginosa vom Alto Xingu, Zentralbrasilien (D. f. trumaii subsp. nova).",null,"Dendrocincla fuliginosa trumaii"],["15557","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Nasica","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nasica nasalis [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy = Dendrocopus longirostris Vieillot, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/349/mode/1up","Nasica"],["15558","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Nasica longirostris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117","Long-billed Woodcreeper","Long-billed Woodcreeper","Long-billed Woodcreeper",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, Amazonian Brazil, and French Guiana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703049","lobwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobwoo1","avibase-C74E7545",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Boca do Igarapé Piaba, near Óbidos, by Griscom and Greenway.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus longirostris"],["15559","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrexetastes","Eyton, 1851","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dendrexetastes capitoides [Eyton, 1851]; type by monotypy = Dendrocolaptes rufigula Lesson, 1844  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/318/mode/1up","Dendrexetastes"],["15560","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrexetastes rufigula","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.12 col.276","Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper","Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper","Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest, gallery and savanna forest, riparian woodland and river islands in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia (southward to northern Cochabamba and western Santa Cruz), and eastward across the Amazon of Brazil to northeastern Brazil, in Amapá, eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão, and northward to the Guianas and far eastern Venezuela, in the lower Río Orinoco basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703052","citwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/citwoo1","avibase-272E0085",null,null,"Cayenne.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (15e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/100/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes (Orthocolaptes) rufigula"],["15561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian basin (southeastern Colombia to northeastern Bolivia) eastward to western Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira, probably also to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3484BBCD",null,null,"Sarayacu, Peru.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/106/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes Devillei"],["15562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrexetastes rufigula rufigula","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.12 col.276",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northern Brazil (northern Roraima, and Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F726C43F",null,null,"Cayenne.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (15e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/100/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes (Orthocolaptes) rufigula"],["15563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrexetastes rufigula moniliger","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (Rio Madeira eastward to lower Rio Tocantins, southward to Amazonas/Mato Grosso border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56DD905B",null,null,"Borba, right bank of the Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Dendrexetastes rufigula moniliger"],["15564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis","Lorenz von Liburnau, 1895","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 45 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (south of the Amazon River and east of Rio Tocantins in Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5087E75",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48405#page/405/mode/1up","Dendrexetastes paraensis"],["15565","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes","Hermann, 1804","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.135",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gracula cayennensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 18). = Picus certhia Boddaert, 1783",null,null,null,"Dendrocolaptes"],["15566","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae","(de Lafresnaye, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.466","Northern Barred Woodcreeper","Northern Barred-Woodcreeper",null,"2025-0718","Taxon <em>punctipectus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split from <em>D. sanctithomae</em> as a monotypic species based on vocal differences (Boesman 2016nn) and plumage characters, but the possibility of hybridization in areas of contact (Marantz 1997) and lack of formal bioacoustic and genetic analyses suggest that <em>punctipectus </em>is best treated as conspecific with <em>D. sanctithomae</em> pending further research.","humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in eastern Mexico (from northern Oaxaca and adjacent Veracruz) and in the Pacific slope from eastern Guerrero southeastward across Central America to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward along the Magdalena Valley to Cundinamarca; west of the Andes southward along western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"nobwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nobwoo1","avibase-89B7BA8E",null,null,"'In Sancti-Thomae Insula,' error = Santo Tomas, near Omoa, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/512/mode/1up","Dendrocops Sancti-Thomoe"],["15567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae sheffleri","Binford, 1965","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 30 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A32AD9F4",null,null,"19 mi. N Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, México, elevation 900 feet","Two new subspecies of birds from Oaxaca, Mexico,","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/21/","Dendrocolaptes certhia sheffleri"],["15568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae sanctithomae","(de Lafresnaye, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz) to northern and western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6CABFF8",null,null,"'In Sancti-Thomae Insula,' error = Santo Tomas, near Omoa, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/512/mode/1up","Dendrocops Sancti-Thomoe"],["15569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae hesperius","Bangs, 1907","The Auk 24, no.3 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06DD5B4D",null,null,"Lagarto, Boruca, Costa Rica.","On a Collection of Birds from Western Costa Rica","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol24/iss3/5/","Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae hesperius"],["15570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae punctipectus","Phelps & Gilliard, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1100 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Zulia and northern Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D87596CA",null,null,"La Sierra, Río Negro, Perijá' district, Zulia, Venezuela.","Six new birds from the Perijá Mountains of Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4678/","Dendrocolaptes certhia puncti-pectus"],["15571","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38","Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper","Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper","Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest and semi-deciduous and gallery forest and woodland in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to the western Amazon in eastern Colombi southward to central Bolivia; across Amazonian Brazil (to northern Maranhão and western Tocantins, and southward to Mato Grosso); disjunctly in far northeastern Brazil (Alagoas and Pernambuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703079","amabaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amabaw1","avibase-8B206172",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 621.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Picus certhia"],["15572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to the Guianas and northern Brazil (from Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E72271EA",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 621.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Picus certhia"],["15573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.755",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia from southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil (west of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-968C97C7",null,null,"Yurimaguas, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallaga, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/167/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes radiolatus"],["15574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus","Ihering, 1905","Revista do Museu Paulista 6(1904) pt2 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru, Bolivia (except eastern), and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FF1CB2B",null,null,"Rio Juruá, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41887#page/445/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes juruanus"],["15575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.43,62",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonia, in Brazil between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós, and in northeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBD5A34E",null,null,"Mato Grosso, Salto de Girao, Borba; restricted type locality, Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/72/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes concolor"],["15576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia medius","Todd, 1920","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, east of the Rio Tocantins; also an isolated population in northeastern Brazil (Alagoas and Pernambuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B17DA3F4",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/98/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes certhia medius"],["15577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia retentus","Batista, Aleixo, Vallinoto et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.245-247",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River, between Rio Xingu and Rio Tocantins",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A094AA48",null,null,"Understory of terra firme forest in Brazil, state of Pará, municipality of Melgaço, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (01°44'S, 51°27'W)","Molecular systematics and taxonomic revision of the Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper complex (Dendrocolaptes certhia: Dendrocolaptidae), with description of a new species from the Xingu-Tocantins interfluve","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/245-247_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Dendrocolaptes retentus"],["15578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi","Hellmayr, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.282.",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, between Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2596EAAA",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Brazil.","Notes on a collection of birds, made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Parà, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/296/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi"],["15579","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes platyrostris","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.87, pl.89","Planalto Woodcreeper","Planalto Woodcreeper","Planalto Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid forest in the Atlantic Forest region to semi-deciduous and gallery woodland in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Chaco from northeastern Brazil (northern Maranhão, Piauí and Ceará) southward across eastern and interior Brazil to Rio Grande do Sul and adjacent Uruguay, southern Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, easterm Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (southward to Chaco and northern Corrientes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703092","plawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plawoo1","avibase-47AA703F",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/107/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes platyrostris"],["15580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes platyrostris intermedius","Berlepsch, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Pará and Bahia) to eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-573897B1",null,null,"Pará, Brazil.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds from Bahia, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/181/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes intermedius"],["15581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes platyrostris platyrostris","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.87, pl.89",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE1CAFC7",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/107/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes platyrostris"],["15582","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi","Hellmayr, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.66","Hoffmanns's Woodcreeper","Hoffmanns's Woodcreeper","Hoffmanns's Woodcreeper",null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River to Rondônia and southern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703085","hofwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hofwoo2","avibase-237E0085",null,null,"Calama, Rio Madeira, at the mouth of the Rio Jiparaná, Rondônia, Brazil","Descriptions of three new species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/438/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi"],["15583","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus","Lichtenstein, 1820","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.202","Black-banded Woodcreeper","Black-banded Woodcreeper","Black-banded Woodcreeper",null,null,"deciduous to humid forest, and pine and pine-oak forest in eastern Mexico (Chiapas), southeastward across mountains of Guatemala to northern Nicaragua, and in Costa Rica and western Panama; in foothills and slopes of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, and the Andes of western Venezuela and Colombia; east of the Andes in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from central Venezuela southward across the Amazon of Brazil (eastward to eastern Pará and southward to Mato Grosso) to eastern Colombia and Ecuador southward to central Bolivia, southward along the Yungas to northwestern Argentina, and southward across the Chaco of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and adjacent Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703089","blbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbwoo1","avibase-3459505D",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promerops, pl. 26.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=247","Dendrocolaptes Picumnus"],["15584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus puncticollis","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-236F0315",null,null,"Tactic and San Geronimo, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Strigidae, and Columbidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/86/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes puncticollis"],["15585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus costaricensis","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and Pacific slope of western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-416CEB4C",null,null,"Laguaria, Santa Maria de Dota, Costa Rica.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/97/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis"],["15586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus multistrigatus","Eyton, 1851","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical to lower temperate zones in Sierra de Perijá and Andes of Colombia (southward to Cauca), and northwestern and western Venezuela (Zulia and northern Barinas southward to Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E8CC005",null,null,"no locality = Bogotá, Colombia.","Description of some new Species and a new Genus of Dendrocolaptinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/317/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus"],["15587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus seilerni","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical zones in foothills and highlands of northern Colombia (Santa Marta) and coastal range of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Sucre and northern Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F0766D1",null,null,"Cumbre Chiquita, near San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/472/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes validus seilerni"],["15588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus picumnus","Lichtenstein, 1820","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern and eastern Venezuela eastward to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25B14BC6",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promerops, pl. 26.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=247","Dendrocolaptes Picumnus"],["15589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus validus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands and foothills of western Amazonia, both north and south of Amazon, in southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira, and southward to Mato Grosso).",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2801C192",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/304/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes validus"],["15590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus transfasciatus","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil south of the lower Amazon River, from Rio Tapajós eastward to Rio Xingu and southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A99D5428",null,null,"Miritituba, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Descriptions of new Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/107/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes transfasciatus"],["15591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus olivaceus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.753 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of Bolivian Andes (La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A92E34D",null,null,"Incachaca, 7700 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 14, Notes on the genera Dendrocolaptes, Hylexetastes, Xiphocolaptes, Dendroplex, and Lepidocolaptes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4540/","Dendrocolaptes picumnus olivaceus"],["15592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus pallescens","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.43,61",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of eastern Bolivia, southern Brazil, and western Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A50A8C3C",null,null,"Estiva and Engenho do Gama, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/71/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes pallescens"],["15593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendrocolaptes picumnus casaresi","Steullet & Deautier, 1950","El Hornero 9 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, and Tucumán) and probably southernmost Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEC744CC",null,null,"Concepcion, Tucumán.","Una nueva subespecie de Dendrocolaptes pallescens Pelzeln.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1375","Dendrocolaptes pallescens casaresi"],["15594","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes","Sclater, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dendrocolaptes perrotii [Lafresnaye, 1844]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/64/mode/1up","Hylexetastes"],["15595","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes uniformis","Hellmayr, 1909","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 1 p.100","Uniform Woodcreeper","Uniform Woodcreeper","Uniform Woodcreeper","2025-0726","Taxon <em>uniformis </em>(polytypic, including <em>brigidai</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Hylexetastes perrotii</em> based on genetic evidence (Azuaje-Rodríguez et al. 2020; Harvey et al. 2020). Sometimes treated as one, two, or three species, vocalizations are apparently similar across the group, and plumage differences subtle. However, mitochondrial-dominated (Azuaje-Rodríguez et al. 2020) and genome-wide DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020) place <em>perrotti </em>as sister to <em>H. stresemanni</em>, rather than <em>uniformis </em>or <em>brigidai, </em>which are only weakly diverged from each other.","tropical rainforest, also gallery and semi-deciduous forest locally, in the Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River, from northeastern Pará, Brazil, southwestward to western Mato Grosso, Rondônia and adjacent northeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/244519627","uniwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uniwoo1","avibase-9246C11A",null,null,"Calama, Rio Madeira, at mouth of Rio Jiparaná (or Machados), 08°03'S, 62°53'W, Rondônia, Brazil","Notes sur quelques oiseaux de l'Amérique tropicale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/134/mode/1up","Hylexetastes uniformis"],["15596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes uniformis uniformis","Hellmayr, 1909","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonia (Brazil south of the Amazon River between the Rio Madeira and the Rio Xingu, and northeastern Bolivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58DA5134",null,null,"Calama, Rio Madeira, at mouth of Rio Jiparaná (or Machados), 08°03'S, 62°53'W, Rondônia, Brazil","Notes sur quelques oiseaux de l'Amérique tropicale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/134/mode/1up","Hylexetastes uniformis"],["15597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes uniformis brigidai","Silva, Novaes & Oren, 1995","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 115 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil (between the Rio Xingu and the Rio Tocantins-Araguaia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1463E0EF",null,null,"Serra dos Carajás, Serra Norte, Distrito de Manganês, Pará, Brasil.","A new species of the genus Hylexetastes (Dendrocolaptidae) from eastern Amazonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/224/mode/1up","Hylexetastes brigidai"],["15598","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes perrotii","(de Lafresnaye, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.80","Red-billed Woodcreeper","Red-billed Woodcreeper","Red-billed Woodcreeper","2025-0726","Taxon <em>uniformis </em>(polytypic, including <em>brigidai</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Hylexetastes perrotii</em> based on genetic evidence (Azuaje-Rodríguez et al. 2020; Harvey et al. 2020). Sometimes treated as one, two, or three species, vocalizations are apparently similar across the group, and plumage differences subtle. However, mitochondrial-dominated (Azuaje-Rodríguez et al. 2020) and genome-wide DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020) place <em>perrotti </em>as sister to <em>H. stresemanni</em>, rather than <em>uniformis </em>or <em>brigidai, </em>which are only weakly diverged from each other.","southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703058","rebwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebwoo1","avibase-A56461ED",null,null,"Colombia, error = Cayenne.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/88/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes Perrotii"],["15599","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes stresemanni","Snethlage, 1925","Journal für Ornithologie 73, no.2 p.269","Bar-bellied Woodcreeper","Bar-bellied Woodcreeper","Bar-bellied Woodcreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from far eastern Colombia, far northeastern Ecuador and eastern Peru eastward to eastern Amazonas, Brazil, west of the Rio Negro, and southwestward along the Rio Madeira to far southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia (Pando)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703055","babwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babwoo1","avibase-8DA960E6",null,null,"Acajatuba, lower Rio Negro, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Brasilen.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01906331","Hylexetastes stresemanni"],["15600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes stresemanni insignis","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.753 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil (Rio Uaupés region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23267920",null,null,"Tahuapunto, left bank of the Rio Uaupes, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 14, Notes on the genera Dendrocolaptes, Hylexetastes, Xiphocolaptes, Dendroplex, and Lepidocolaptes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4540/","Hylexetastes stresemanni insignis"],["15601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes stresemanni stresemanni","Snethlage, 1925","Journal für Ornithologie 73, no.2 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Brazil (lower Rio Negro to the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6194740",null,null,"Acajatuba, lower Rio Negro, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Brasilen.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01906331","Hylexetastes stresemanni"],["15602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hylexetastes stresemanni undulatus","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru to far northwestern Bolivia and western Brazil, south of the Amazon River (eastward to at least Rio Purus, probably to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E3A3235",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Descriptions of new Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/106/mode/1up","Hylexetastes undulatus"],["15603","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes","Lesson, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dendrocopus albicollis [Vieillot, 1818]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 28).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/279/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes"],["15604","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes albicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117","White-throated Woodcreeper","White-throated Woodcreeper","White-throated Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous and gallery forest in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado regions of eastern Brazil (from central Bahia southward to Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná), eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (Misiones and adjacent Corrientes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703068","whtwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtwoo1","avibase-99EBD389",null,null,"Brazil; type from Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus albicollis"],["15605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes albicollis bahiae","Cory, 1919","The Auk 36, no.4 p.540",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern and central Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B60F748",null,null,"Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]","Descriptions of three new South American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss4/13/","Xiphocolaptes bahiae"],["15606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes albicollis villanovae","Lima, 1920","Revista do Museu Paulista 12 pt2 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"known only from type locality in northeastern Brazil (northeastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13360836",null,null,"Vila Nova da Raihna (actual Bonfim) en el alto Rio Itapicuru, Bahía, Brasil.","Aves colligidas nos Estados de São Paulo, Matto Grosso e Bahia com algunas fórmas novas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40845#page/576/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes albicollis villanovae"],["15607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes albicollis albicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern and southern Brazil (Goiás and Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6342EC60",null,null,"Brazil; type from Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus albicollis"],["15608","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes falcirostris","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.86, pl.88","Moustached Woodcreeper","Moustached Woodcreeper","Moustached Woodcreeper",null,null,"semi-deciduous woodland, Caatinga, palm woodland, and gallery forest in northeastern Brazil (northern Ceará, Piauí and adjacent Maranhão, southward to northern Minas Gerais)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703071","mouwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwoo1","avibase-02EC838A",null,null,"no locality, = Oeiras, Piauí, by designation of Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Sen, 12, 1929, p. 357.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/106/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes falcirostris"],["15609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes falcirostris falcirostris","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.86, pl.88",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Ceará to western Paraíba and northwestern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86C6AD48",null,null,"no locality, = Oeiras, Piauí, by designation of Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Sen, 12, 1929, p. 357.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/106/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes falcirostris"],["15610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes falcirostris franciscanus","Snethlage, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (western Bahia and northern and northwestern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA85D975",null,null,"Brejo Januaria, left bank of Rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais.","Uma nova especie de Dendrocolaptideo do interior do Brasil. Xiphocolaptes franciscanus sp. n..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0008-0009.pdf","Xiphocolaptes franciscanus"],["15611","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes major","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.118","Great Rufous Woodcreeper","Great Rufous Woodcreeper","Great Rufous Woodcreeper",null,null,"dry and semi-deciduous forest and woodland, gallery forest, and forested savanna from north-central Bolivia (Beni) eastward to southwestern Brazil (southern Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), and southward across eastern Bolivia and western Paraguay to northern Argentina (to Catamarca and Santa Fe)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703076","grrwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grrwoo1","avibase-8AC27938",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/134/mode/1up","Dendrocopus major"],["15612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes major remoratus","Pinto, 1945","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 5 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9EF0BD8",null,null,"Fazenda Arica-Mirim, left bank of the lower Arica [affluent of the Cuiaba], Mato Grosso.","Duas formas novas no gênero Xiphocolaptes Lesson.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208028","Xiphocolaptes major remoratus"],["15613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes major castaneus","Ridgway, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.761 p.3,17",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (southeastern Jujuy and northern Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EDCBDC9",null,null,"Piedra Blanca, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/19/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes major castaneus"],["15614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes major estebani","Silva & Oren, 1991","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 111 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B873CE8",null,null,"Tápia (26°36'S, 65°18'W), Tucumán, Argentina","A new subspecies of Xiphocolaptes major (Vieillot) from Argentina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/163/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes major estebani"],["15615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes major major","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Paraguay to northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DAF89F9",null,null,"Paraguay, ex Azara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/134/mode/1up","Dendrocopus major"],["15616","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus","(Lesson, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.270","Strong-billed Woodcreeper","Strong-billed Woodcreeper","Strong-billed Woodcreeper",null,null,"montane to lowland humid and dry forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in far southern San Luis Potosí (Mexico) southeastward across southeastern Mexico to northern Nicaragua, mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, foothills and slopes of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz), ithe tepui region of southeastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and far northern Brazil, and in Amazonia from southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia, and eastward across Amazonian Brazil (to eastern Pará)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703063","stbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbwoo1","avibase-6B0B2885",null,null,"no locality = Bogotá, Colombia, by designation of Hellmayr, antea, p. 281.","Notices ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/280/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes promeropirhynchus"],["15617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus omiltemensis","Nelson, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southwestern Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0DD2A70",null,null,"Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/166/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes emigrans omiltemensis"],["15618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sclateri","Ridgway, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.761 p.3,6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (southeastern San Luis Potosí, western Veracruz, and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60240E69",null,null,"Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/19/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes sclateri"],["15619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus emigrans","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.2 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65FC02AF",null,null,"Central America and southern Mexico; type from San Geronimo, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America. Part II. [Continued from p. 22.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/146/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes emigrans"],["15620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus costaricensis","Ridgway, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.750 p.541",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Costa Rica and southwestern Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B42C2E78",null,null,"Naranjo, Cartago, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/677/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis"],["15621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus panamensis","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Pacific slope of southern Panama (Veraguas and Coclé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6492FF09",null,null,"Chitra, 3600 feet, Veraguas, Panama.","Undescribed or little-known birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Xiphocolaptes emigrans panamensis"],["15622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus rostratus","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAD820A0",null,null,"Jaraquiel, Bolívar, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/25/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes procerus rostratus"],["15623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctaemartae","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3011DDC3",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/294/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae-martae"],["15624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus virgatus","Ridgway, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.761 p.3,11",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of central Andes of Colombia eastward to Río Magdalena",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A700D4F",null,null,"locality unknown; presumably from Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/19/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes virgatus"],["15625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus macarenae","Blake, 1959","Lozania 11 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Colombia (Macarena Mountains and foothills of east-central Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09F4995B",null,null,"Ladera este del Pico Rengifo, La Macarena, Meta, Colombia.","New and rare Colombian birds.",null,"Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus macarenae"],["15626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus promeropirhynchus","(Lesson, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of east-central Colombia and Ecuador and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C72B935F",null,null,"no locality = Bogotá, Colombia, by designation of Hellmayr, antea, p. 281.","Notices ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/280/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes promeropirhynchus"],["15627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern and central Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A5F3163",null,null,"Caracas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/44/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes procerus"],["15628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus tenebrosus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1373 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-832DF69E",null,null,"Mt. Chimanta-tepui, 700 meters, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela. [1].","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4417/","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus tenebrosus"],["15629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus neblinae","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina and [?] adjacent Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ABFCC37",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/128/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus neblinae"],["15630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus crassirostris","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills of southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) to northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-371C6962",null,null,"Palmal, Río Tumbes, Province of El Oro, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/157/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes crassirostris"],["15631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus compressirostris","Taczanowski, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate Andes of northern Peru (Cajamarca, Amazonas, and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EED47A85",null,null,"Ray-Urmana, and Tambillo, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/64/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes compressirostris"],["15632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus phaeopygus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate Andes of central Peru (Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC5D2AE5",null,null,"Culumachay, Maraynioc, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/435/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes phaeopygus"],["15633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus solivagus","Bond, 1950","The Auk 67, no.2 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"upper tropical eastern Cordillera of Peru (Junín and northern Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74B94EF2",null,null,"Enenas, Pichis Trail, Junín, Peru.","A new Woodhewer, Xiphocolaptes, from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol67/iss2/28/","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus solivagus"],["15634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus lineatocephalus","(Gray, 1847)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.140 pl.XLIII",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-097554FC",null,null,"no locality = Bolivia, ex Handlist Gen. Spec. Bds., 1, 1869, p. 176.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/328/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes lineatocephalus"],["15635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus orenocensis","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Colombia to Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and adjacent northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon River (eastward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96E73108",null,null,"Nericagua, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/85/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes orenocensis"],["15636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus berlepschi","Snethlage, 1908","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Brazil south of the Amazon River eastward to Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-228D054C",null,null,"Cachoeira, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Eine Vogelsammlung vom Rio Purús, Brasilien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/27/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus berlepschi"],["15637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus paraensis","Pinto, 1945","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 5 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Madeira eastward to Rio Xingu, south of the Amazon River to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92CB6311",null,null,"Lago do Batista, right bank of the Rio Madeira.","Duas formas novas no gênero Xiphocolaptes Lesson.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208028","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus paraensis"],["15638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus obsoletus","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern and eastern Bolivia (La Paz to Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CC85440",null,null,"Río Yapacani, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/25/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes obsoletus"],["15639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus carajaensis","Silva, Novaes & Oren, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil between Xingú and Tocantins/Araguaia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D553F752",null,null,"Caldeirão, Sierra dos Carajás, 06°00'S, 51°20'W, Municipio de Parauapebas, Pará, Brasil.","Differentiation of Xiphocolaptes (Dendrocolaptidae) across the river Xingu, Brazilian Amazonia: recognition of a new phylogenetic species and biogeographic implications","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/220/mode/1up","Xiphocolaptes carajaensis"],["15640","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster [Swainson, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Oberholser, 1905, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 48, p. 52).  ",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus"],["15641","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus pardalotus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117","Chestnut-rumped Woodcreeper","Chestnut-rumped Woodcreeper","Chestnut-rumped Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid lowland and montane forest in the Orinoco basin, the tepui region of southern and eastern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward to northern Brazil, north of the Amazon River (southward to northeastern Amazonas, northern Pará and Amapá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703124","chrwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chrwoo1","avibase-B7FFA983",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus pardalotus"],["15642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus pardalotus caurensis","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and adjacent northern Brazil to western Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFA2E80A",null,null,"Río Mocho, Río Caura, Venezuela.","Critical remarks on the Wood-hewers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/21/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus pardalotus caurensis"],["15643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus pardalotus pardalotus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Amazonia north of the Amazon River (the Guianas and northern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6967BE1",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus pardalotus"],["15644","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.88, pl.91, f.1","Ocellated Woodcreeper","Ocellated Woodcreeper",null,"2025-0727","The widespread, polytypic <em>Xiphorhynchus ocellatus</em> complex is treated as a single species pending further research. Although mitochondrial and multilocus DNA data (Aleixo 2002; Sousa-Neves et al. 2013; Harvey et al. 2020) indicate deep divergences within the complex there is considerable conflict among datasets regarding phylogenetic relationships, in particular with respect to the related species <em>X. pardalotus</em>. Vocalizations also vary across the complex (Marantz et al. 2003; Schulenberg et al. 2010), but there is no rigorous survey of vocal variation within and between clades. Splits within the complex seem likely, but it is premature to recognize more than a single species.","mostly tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to southern Bolivia (southward to northern Chuquisaca); in Brazil eastward to the Rio Negro and Rio Tapajós, in eastern Amazonas and western Pará, and southward to Acre and Rondônia",null,null,null,"ocewoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocewoo1","avibase-BE5C3C11",null,null,"Piauí; error, mouth of the Rio Madeira suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, 1925, p. 311.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/108/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes ocellatus"],["15645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus lineatocapilla","(Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6 p.24 pl.1 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"range uncertain: possibly along Río Orinoco in northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A8749EB",null,null,"Angostura [now Ciudad Bolívar], Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/34/mode/1up","Dendrornis lineatocapilla"],["15646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus beauperthuysii","(Pucheran & de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.419",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Amazonia (eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru, southern Venezuela, northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon River, and eastward to the Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C796A4FD",null,null,"'Amazonum Ripas' = Peruvian Amazon.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95, 145, 275 et 369.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/437/mode/1up","Nasica Beauperthuysii"],["15647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus perplexus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.756 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia (northeastern Peru and adjacent western Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFE2671E",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 15, Notes on the genus Xiphorhynchus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4493/","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus perplexus"],["15648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus ocellatus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.88, pl.91, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32DDCC92",null,null,"Piauí; error, mouth of the Rio Madeira suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, 1925, p. 311.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/108/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes ocellatus"],["15649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus napensis","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65D1701A",null,null,"upper Río Suno, Napo, Ecuador","Descriptions of new genera and species of Tracheophonae from Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4333/","Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo napensis"],["15650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus chunchotambo","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical eastern Peru (Loreto, Amazonas, Huánuco, and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6257226",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/303/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes Chunchotambo"],["15651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus brevirostris","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.756 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru and northeastern Bolivia (La Paz, western Beni, and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-626F5C3B",null,null,"Río Inambari, 2200 feet, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 14, Notes on the genera Dendrocolaptes, Hylexetastes, Xiphocolaptes, Dendroplex, and Lepidocolaptes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4540/","Xiphorhynchus ocellatus brevirostris"],["15652","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus atlanticus","(Cory, 1916)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.341","Ceara Woodcreeper","Ceara Woodcreeper","Atlantic Woodcreeper",null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Ceará and Paraíba to Alagoas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103669815","leswoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leswoo4","avibase-5075741D",null,null,"Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brazil","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/13/mode/1up","Picolaptes fuscus atlanticus"],["15653","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus fuscus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117","Lesser Woodcreeper","Lesser Woodcreeper","Lesser Woodcreeper",null,null,"semi-deciduous, gallery, and humid forest in the Atlantic Forest and in interior Brazil (from northern Bahia and Sergipe southward to Paraná, and northern Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones); in interior Brazil eastward to the Cerrado of eastern Goiás",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103669772","leswoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leswoo2","avibase-E318C4AB",null,null,"Brazil; type from near Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus fuscus"],["15654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus fuscus pintoi","Longmore & Silveira, 2005","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 125 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northeastern Brazil in western Bahia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C44142EC",null,null,"Bonfim, antigua Vila Nova da Rainha, Bahía, Brasil.","A replacement name for Xiphorhynchus fuscus brevirostris (Pinto 1938)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123799#page/489/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus fuscus pintoi"],["15655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus fuscus tenuirostris","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (1818-1819) p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (central Bahia to Espírito Santo north of Rio Doce)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D19FA2E",null,null,"no locality = Rio São Francisco, Baia [=Bahia, Brazil], ex op. cit., 1822, p. 265.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=247","Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris"],["15656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus fuscus fuscus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Goiás) to southeastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A59EB8F",null,null,"Brazil; type from near Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocopus fuscus"],["15657","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus spixii","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.314","Spix's Woodcreeper","Spix's Woodcreeper","Spix's Woodcreeper",null,null,"southeastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703118","spiwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spiwoo1","avibase-FC3DC0F1",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Pará by Hellmayr, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/352/mode/1up","Picolaptes Spixii"],["15658","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus elegans","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.45,63","Elegant Woodcreeper","Elegant Woodcreeper","Elegant Woodcreeper",null,null,"mostly tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia (La Paz and southern Beni), and eastward to the Amazon of Brazil, south of the Amazon River, to the Rio Tapajós in western Pará, and southward to central Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703121","elewoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elewoo1","avibase-2ADD1582",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/73/mode/1up","Dendrornis elegans"],["15659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus elegans buenavistae","Zimmer, 1948","The Auk 65, no.3 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia in upper Río Orinoco drainage",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DAC31DC",null,null,"Buena Vista, 04°10'S, 73°41'W, cerca de Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia ","A New Name for Xiphorhynchus Spixii Similis Zimmer","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol65/iss3/19/","Xiphorhynchus spixii buena-vistae"],["15660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus elegans ornatus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.756 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0309410",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, mouth of the Río Napo, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 15, Notes on the genus Xiphorhynchus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4493/","Xiphorhynchus spixii ornatus"],["15661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus elegans insignis","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of east-central Peru (south of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0762870",null,null,"Samiria [Río Marañón], Peru.","On four new species of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/665/mode/1up","Dendrornis insignis"],["15662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus elegans juruanus","(Ihering, 1905)","Revista do Museu Paulista 6(1904) pt2 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northeastern Bolivia and western Brazil (west of Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BCCFC69",null,null,"Riojurua, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41887#page/444/mode/1up","Dendrornis ocellata juruana"],["15663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus elegans elegans","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.45,63",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira eastward to Rio Tapajós and south bank of Rio Teles Pires, southward to southwestern Mato Grosso) and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C480C83",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/73/mode/1up","Dendrornis elegans"],["15664","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus triangularis","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.134","Olive-backed Woodcreeper","Olive-backed Woodcreeper","Olive-backed Woodcreeper",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, from Yaracuy eastward to Miranda, and in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the western (southward to Valle del Cauca), central and eastern Andes of Colombia and eastern Andes of Ecuador to northern Peru (north of the Río Marañón), and from northern Peru, south and east of the Río Marañón, southeastward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703146","olbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbwoo1","avibase-79447EBB",null,null,"Bolivia = Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/144/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes triangularis"],["15665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B91AD126",null,null,"Bolivia = Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/144/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes triangularis"],["15666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus triangularis hylodromus","Wetmore, 1939","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 98, no.4 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal and interior mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B7A17BA",null,null,"Cordillera de la Costa, 4500 feet, above Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela.","Five new races of Birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35649#page/148/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus triangularis hylodromus"],["15667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus triangularis intermedius","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Pasco and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA92D753",null,null,"Eneñas, 4500 feet, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Xiphorhynchus triangularis intermedius"],["15668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru to Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E547078A",null,null,"Yungas of Cochabamba, 3600 feet, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/296/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi"],["15669","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus erythropygius","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.366","Spotted Woodcreeper","Spotted Woodcreeper",null,"2025-0719","Taxon <em>aequatorialis </em>(polytypic, including <em>punctigula </em>and <em>insolitus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Xiphorhynchus erythropygius</em> pending further research. Sometimes split as a separate species based on vocal (Boesman 2016oo) and plumage differences; however, vocalizations are variable within taxa and formal bioacoustic and playback experiments are lacking. Furthermore, Johnson &amp; Mason (2022) suggested that there may be three vocal groups in the complex; further research needed to determine species limits.","humid forest of lowlands to hills of Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosí to northern Oaxaca and locally on Pacific slope in Guerrero; thence both slopes of far eastern Oaxaca and southern Belize through southern Central America to western Colombia and Ecuador west of the Andes",null,null,null,"spowoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spowoo1","avibase-9FBAF868",null,null,"Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.","On a Series of Birds collected in the vicinity of Jalapa, in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/458/mode/1up","Dendrornis erythropygia"],["15670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus erythropygius erythropygius","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Oaxaca and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61161F0D",null,null,"Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.","On a Series of Birds collected in the vicinity of Jalapa, in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/458/mode/1up","Dendrornis erythropygia"],["15671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus erythropygius parvus","Griscom, 1937","The Auk 54, no.2 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (southeastern Oaxaca and Chiapas) to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84E41A23",null,null,"Las Pefiitas, Honduras.","A collection of Birds from Omilteme, Guerrero.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol54/iss2/8/","Xiphorhynchus erythropygius parvus"],["15672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus erythropygius punctigula","(Ridgway, 1889)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.750 p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Nicaragua to central Panama (Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F581F1DC",null,null,"Naranjo, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/680/mode/1up","Dendrornis punctigula"],["15673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus erythropygius insolitus","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia (Río Atrato and Río Truando)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ECD5F4F",null,null,"Cascajal, Code, Panama.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/97/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus punctigula insolitus"],["15674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus erythropygius aequatorialis","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Pacific slope of western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4726643A",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/695/mode/1up","Dendrornis erythropygia aequatorialis"],["15675","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus obsoletus","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.203","Striped Woodcreeper","Striped Woodcreeper","Striped Woodcreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador, southward to northern Bolivia; in Brazil across the entire Amazon, eastward to eastern Pará, adjacent Maranhão, and western Tocantins, and southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703112","strwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwoo2","avibase-2B1509D6",null,null,"no locality = State of Pará, Brazil, ex op. cit., 1822, p. 265.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/67/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes obsoletus"],["15676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus obsoletus palliatus","(des Murs, 1856)","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.46 pl.15 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia, both north and south of the Amazon River (southeastern Colombia to northeastern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Juruá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31A1D647",null,null,"no locality, but type from Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/216/mode/1up","Dendrornis palliatus"],["15677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus obsoletus notatus","(Eyton, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and adjacent northwestern Brazil; birds from lower Rio Negro intermediate with nominate",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-833A7CA9",null,null,"unknown; Berl. & Hartlaub (Nov. Zool. 9, p.64) set as Río Negro","Remarks on Dendrocolaptinae, with descriptions of two new genera and species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/36/mode/1up","Picolaptes notatus"],["15678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus obsoletus obsoletus","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonia (eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, from lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá and, south of the Amazon River, from Rio Madeira eastward to Rio Tocantins and southward to western and northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5254D976",null,null,"no locality = State of Pará, Brazil, ex op. cit., 1822, p. 265.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/67/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes obsoletus"],["15679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus obsoletus caicarae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1709 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"middle Río Orinoco Valley in central Venezuela (northwestern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9DF7B66",null,null,"Caicara, 07°37'S, 66°10'W, margen derecha del bajo Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela. [2].","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5354/","Xiphorhynchus obsoletus caicarae"],["15680","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440","Ivory-billed Woodcreeper","Ivory-billed Woodcreeper","Ivory-billed Woodcreeper",null,null,"deciduous forest (mostly) from lowlands to hills of southern Sonora on the Pacific side and central Tamaulipas on the Caribbean side, through Mexico including the Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel), to northern Honduras, thence on Pacific slope to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703136","ivbwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ivbwoo1","avibase-34734838",null,null,"Temescaltepec, Mexico. 2","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster"],["15681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster tardus","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.8 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northwestern Mexico (far southeastern Sonora and northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7768A62",null,null,"Hacienda San Rafael, Chihuahua, Oaxaca, Mexico.","A collection of Birds from Oaxaca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/455/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster tardus"],["15682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster mentalis","(Baird, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sinaloa and Durango to Jalisco and Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15971670",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/501/mode/1up","Dendrornis mentalis"],["15683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster flavigaster","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Guerrero and southern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8C3A897",null,null,"Temescaltepec, Mexico. 2","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster"],["15684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster saltuarius","Wetmore, 1942","The Auk 59, no.2 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas, southeastern San Luis Potosí, and northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7348593",null,null,"Altamira, Tamaulipas.","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol59/iss2/9/","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster saltuarius"],["15685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucatanensis","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to northern Belize; Meco Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAE1FDA6",null,null,"Temax, Yucatan.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/97/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucatanensis"],["15686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster ascensor","Wetmore & Parkes, 1962","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southern Mexico (southern Veracruz to Oaxaca and Tabasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80D7A079",null,null,"Coyame, 7 air miles east of Catemaco, 1,900 feet elevation, Veracruz, México","A new subspecies of Ivory-billed Woodhewer from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107533#page/411/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster ascensor"],["15687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster eburneirostris","(des Murs, 1847)","Iconographie ornithologique (etc.) livr.9 pl.52,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico to Belize, Honduras, and northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D932B9D9",null,null,"Mexico = Realejo, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109479#page/417/mode/1up","Dryocopus eburneirostris"],["15688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus flavigaster ultimus","Bangs & Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Costa Rica (Nicoya Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E04B71C",null,null,"Oja Ancha, 500 feet, Nicoya, Costa Rica.","New or Little-known Birds from Costa Rica.",null,"Xiphorhynchus flavigaster ultimus"],["15689","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.201","Buff-throated Woodcreeper","Buff-throated Woodcreeper",null,"2025-0728","Taxon <em>guttatoides </em>(polytypic, including <em>dorbignyanus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Xiphorhynchus guttatus</em> pending further research. <em>Xiphorhynchus guttatus</em> forms a complex with <em>X. susurrans </em>(polytypic) and the two groups have previously been treated as conspecific. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Aleixo 2002; Rocha et al. 2015) recovered <em>X. susurrans</em> as embedded within the <em>X. guttatus </em>complex, and identified deep divergences suggestive of species-level differences; however, populations of the <em>guttatus </em>group were separated geographically by the <em>guttatoides </em>group, creating a leapfrog distribution pattern. Given this complexity, we refrain from splitting <em>guttatoides </em>pending availability of genomic data and a comprehensive analysis of vocalizations that includes <em>X. susurrans</em>.","humid forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to the western Amazon in eastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia, and across the entire Amazon of Brazil eastward to northern Piauí and Ceará, and southward to Goiás and northern Mato Grosso do Sul; also in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, from Rio Grande do Norte southward to Espirito Santo",null,null,null,"butwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butwoo1","avibase-34528F8F",null,null,"no locality = Baia, ex op. cit., 1822, p. 264. [=Bahia, Brazil]","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=246","Dendrocolaptes guttatus"],["15690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus polystictus","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0804AD33",null,null,"Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/258/mode/1up","Dendrornis polysticta"],["15691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus connectens","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Amazonian Brazil north of the Amazon River (Manaus to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2A489D9",null,null,"Óbidos, Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Wood-hewers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/20/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus guttatus connectens"],["15692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Amazonian basin, northwestern Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Madeira, southward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B07FB764",null,null,"Colombia.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95, 145 et 275.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/405/mode/1up","Nasica guttatoides"],["15693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus vicinalis","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2488E657",null,null,"Apacy, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Wood-hewers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/19/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus eytoni vicinalis"],["15694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus eytoni","(Sclater, 1854)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.21, no.252 p.69 pl.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós eastward to western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-451C1866",null,null,"Rio Capi'm, near Belém, Brazil.","On a new species of Dendrocolaptes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/103/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes Eytoni"],["15695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus gracilirostris","Pinto & Camargo, 1957","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 13 p.51-69",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Serra de Baturité, Ceará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88CBEC09",null,null,"Sierra de Baturité, Ceará, Brasil.","Sobre uma coleção de aves da Região de Cachimbo (Sul de Estado do Pará).","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208621","Xiphorhynchus eytoni gracilirostris"],["15696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus dorbignyanus","(Pucheran & de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Bolivia to east-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97C2CEB7",null,null,"Guarayos and Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95, 145, 275 et 369.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/438/mode/1up","Nasica Dorbignyanus"],["15697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatus","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Paraíba to Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9ECF416",null,null,"no locality = Baia, ex op. cit., 1822, p. 264. [=Bahia, Brazil]","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=246","Dendrocolaptes guttatus"],["15698","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.467","Black-striped Woodcreeper","Black-striped Woodcreeper","Black-striped Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid forest from the Caribbean lowlands of southern Nicaragua southeastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, also in the Pacific lowlands of southern Costa Rica and western Panama; in northern Colombia north to the lower Río Magdalena and southward along this river valley to Boyacá; west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703140","blswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blswoo1","avibase-B5C72DF0",null,null,"Loma del Leon (Lion Hill), Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/499/mode/1up","Dendrornis lachrymosus"],["15699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nicaragua to Pacific coast of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D47673D1",null,null,"Loma del Leon (Lion Hill), Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/499/mode/1up","Dendrornis lachrymosus"],["15700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius","(Hellmayr, 1904)","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.4 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7421CA54",null,null,"Boruca, Costa Rica.","Bemerkungen über neotropische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/547/mode/1up","Dendrornis lachrymosa eximia"],["15701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.642",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia (Sinú, Cauca, and Magdalena Valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59933341",null,null,"Puerto Valdivia, 360 feet, lower Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum"],["15702","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans","(Jardine, 1847)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.19, no.124 p.81","Cocoa Woodcreeper","Cocoa Woodcreeper","Cocoa Woodcreeper",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous forest and woodland from the Caribbean slope of far eastern Guatemala southeastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in the Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica and Panama; in the lowlands and foothills of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys to the headwaters (Cauca and Huila); east of the Andes, from Trinidad and Tobago westward across northern Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), to southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia (southward to Meta and Boyacá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729055","cocwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocwoo1","avibase-FF942BA2",null,null,"Tobago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19437#page/107/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes susurrans"],["15703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans confinis","(Bangs, 1903)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 39, no.6 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Guatemala and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E78D53C",null,null,"La Ceiba, Honduras.","Birds and Mammals from Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95218#page/190/mode/1up","Dendrornis nana confinis"],["15704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans costaricensis","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.655 p.510",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D37FAF5",null,null,"Tucumqui, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/524/mode/1up","Dendrornis lawrencei costaricensis"],["15705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans marginatus","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Panama (eastern Chiriquí, Veraguas, and western Azuero Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4941EA27",null,null,"Santa Fé, 1600 feet, Veraguas, Panama.","Undescribed or little-known birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Xiphorhynchus guttatus marginatus"],["15706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans nana","(Lawrence, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"both slopes of eastern Panama to northern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28A6D5FE",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","Descriptions of eight New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/207/mode/1up","Dendrornis nana"],["15707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans rosenbergi","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (upper Cauca Valley in Valle)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6828F458",null,null,"Guabinas, Río Cauca, Colombia.","New or rare birds from western Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/94/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus rosenbergi"],["15708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans susurrans","(Jardine, 1847)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.19, no.124 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad and Tobago; one specimen from northeastern Venezuela (southeastern Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-555D2C46",null,null,"Tobago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19437#page/107/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes susurrans"],["15709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans jardinei","(de Dalmas, 1900)","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 13 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (northeastern Anzoátegui, Sucre, and northern Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4B1FCB0",null,null,"'Cote de Paria' = either Giiira or Yacua on the Paria Peninsula, Costa de Paria or 'Golfo de Paria.', Sucre, Venezuela","Note sur une collection d'oiseaux de l'île de Tobago (mer des Antilles).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38549#page/168/mode/1up","Dendrornis Jardinei"],["15710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xiphorhynchus susurrans margaritae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03965262",null,null,"El Cafetal, 740 meters, Margarita Island, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/129/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus guttatus margaritae"],["15711","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dendroplex guttatus [von Spix, 1824], misidentified = Oriolus picus J.F. Gmelin, 1788; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1837, Natural History and Classification of Birds, 2, p. 314)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/382/mode/1up","Dendroplex"],["15712","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex kienerii","(des Murs, 1856)","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud : de Rio de Janeiro à Lima, et de Lima au Para 1 Ois. p.45 pl.14 fig.1","Zimmer's Woodcreeper","Zimmer's Woodcreeper","Zimmer's Woodcreeper",null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to northeastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and adjacent Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703103","zimwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zimwoo2","avibase-12F9A070",null,null,"Ega, Rio Solimões.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Expedition_dans_les_parties_centrales_de/2XFNAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dendrornis%20Kienerii&pg=RA3-PA45&printsec=frontcover","Dendrornis Kienerii"],["15713","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.384","Straight-billed Woodcreeper","Straight-billed Woodcreeper","Straight-billed Woodcreeper",null,null,"deciduous forest and woodland, gallery forest, forested savanna, arid scrub, river islands, and mangroves from south-central Panama eastward to northern Colombia, northern and central Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), Trinidad, and the Guianas, in interior Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Huila); in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to central Bolivia, and in Brazilian Amazonia southward to northern Mato Grosso do Sul; also in the Cerrado and Caatinga southward to western Goiás, and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil southward to Espirito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703095","stbwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbwoo2","avibase-9C163605",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/396/mode/1up","Oriolus Picus"],["15714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus extimus","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BBF7847",null,null,"Agua Duke, Province of Code, western Panama.","Undescribed or little-known birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Dendroplex picirostris extimus"],["15715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus dugandi","Wetmore & Phelps, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.65-66",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia (Chocó, Bolívar, Atlántico, and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and south along Pacific coast to northern Chocó, and in Magdalena Valley to northern Huila",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60D40698",null,null,"Puerto Sagoc, La Gloria, Magdalena, Colombia.","Two new Wood-hewers of the genus Dendroplex from Venezuela and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/294/mode/1up","Dendroplex picus dugandi"],["15716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus picirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) to far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9471CC9",null,null,"Río Hacha, Colombia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/84/mode/1up","Dendroplex picirostris"],["15717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus saturatior","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB3CB2A6",null,null,"Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/304/mode/1up","Dendroplex picus saturatior"],["15718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus choicus","Wetmore & Phelps, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela (eastern Falcón eastward to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D837E09F",null,null,"Borburata, Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Two new Wood-hewers of the genus Dendroplex from Venezuela and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/293/mode/1up","Dendroplex picus choica"],["15719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus paraguanae","(Phelps & Phelps, 1962)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (Falcón and northern Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F7FE76E",null,null,"Adícora, Península de Paraguaná, Falcón, Venezuela.","Two new subspecies of birds from Venezuela, the rufous phase of Pauxi pauxi, and other notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107533#page/569/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus picus paraguanae"],["15720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus longirostris","Richmond, 1896","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1093 p.674",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-837227CF",null,null,"Margarita Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/760/mode/1up","Dendroplex longirostris"],["15721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus altirostris","(Léotaud, 1866)","Oiseaux de l'île de la Trinidad (Antilles) p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-072FBFCD",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,null,"Dendrocolaptes altirostris"],["15722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus phalarus","Wetmore, 1939","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 98, no.4 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of interior northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0724742A",null,null,"El Sombrero, Guarico, Venezuela.","Five new races of Birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35649#page/150/mode/1up","Dendroplex picirostris phalara"],["15723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus deltanus","(Phelps & Phelps, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7082C1BB",null,null,"Misión Araguaimujo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela.","Nine new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/242/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus picus deltanus"],["15724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus picus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá and, south of the Amazon River, from Rio Madeira eastward to Ceará and Pernambuco, southward to Goiás and, on Atlantic coast, to northern Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D62FEBE",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/396/mode/1up","Oriolus Picus"],["15725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus duidae","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.753 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (eastern Vichada), southern Venezuela, and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9719DF40",null,null,"Cafio Leon, 325 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 14, Notes on the genera Dendrocolaptes, Hylexetastes, Xiphocolaptes, Dendroplex, and Lepidocolaptes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4540/","Dendroplex picus duidae"],["15726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroplex picus peruvianus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.753 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru, Bolivia (except southern) and southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE4067BC",null,null,"Santa Rosa, upper Río Ucayali, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 14, Notes on the genera Dendrocolaptes, Hylexetastes, Xiphocolaptes, Dendroplex, and Lepidocolaptes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4540/","Dendroplex picus peruvianus"],["15727","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus","Bertoni, 1901","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay p.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Campylorhamphus longirostris [Bertoni, 1901]; type by monotypy = Dendrocopus falcularius Vieillot, 1822  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/78/mode/1up","Campylorhamphus"],["15728","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus falcularius","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.626","Black-billed Scythebill","Black-billed Scythebill","Black-billed Scythebill",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (central Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703188","blbscy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbscy1","avibase-3BDB5DE7",null,null,"Brazil; the type is from Serra dos Orgaos, Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/234/mode/1up","Dendrocopus Falcularius"],["15729","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus pusillus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.278,note","Brown-billed Scythebill","Brown-billed Scythebill","Brown-billed Scythebill",null,null,"montane and foothill cloudforest in mountains of Costa Rica, western and eastern Panama, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from far southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia southward along the Andes of Colombia (in the eastern Andes mainly in the slopes of Magdalena Valley) to southwestern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (in southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador down to lowlands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703191","brbscy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbscy1","avibase-D285B68F",null,null,"Interior of Colombia = Bogotá.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/360/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus pusillus"],["15730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis","Carriker, 1910","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 6 p.632,657",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama (western Chiriquí and Bocas del Toro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4520C2D",null,null,"El Hogar, Costa Rica.","An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122994#page/686/mode/1up","Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis"],["15731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus pusillus olivaceus","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama (Veraguas to eastern Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-270C5CAD",null,null,"Chitra, 3600 feet, Veraguas, Panama.","Undescribed or little-known birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Campylorhamphus borealis olivaceus"],["15732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus pusillus tachirensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Zulia and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DFB961B",null,null,"Hacienda la Providencia, Río Chiquito, Táchira, Venezuela.","Five new birds from Rio Chiquito, Tachira, Venezuela and two extensions of ranges from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/383/mode/1up","Campylorhamphus pusillus tachirensis"],["15733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus pusillus guapiensis","Romero-Zambrano, 1980","Lozania 31 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands of southwestern Colombia (Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E8BD3C1",null,null,"San Antonio de Guajui, 2°34'S, 77°54'W., bajo Río Guapi, Cauca, Colombia.","Una nueva subespecie colombiana de Campylorhamphus pusillus (Aves - Dendrocolaptidae).",null,"Campylorhamphus pusillus guapiensis"],["15734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus pusillus pusillus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.278,note",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Andes of Colombia to western Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBD444C6",null,null,"Interior of Colombia = Bogotá.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/360/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus pusillus"],["15735","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus probatus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.10","Tapajos Scythebill","Tapajos Scythebill","Tapajos Scythebill","2025-0729","Three species are recognized in the <em>Campylorhamphus procurvoides</em> complex based on deep genetic divergences, as assessed by mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Aleixo et al. 2013; Portes et al. 2013; Harvey et al. 2020), supported by vocalizations (Boesman 2016pp): a polytypic <em>C. procurvoides</em> (including <em>sanus </em>and <em>gyldenstolpei</em>); a polytypic <em>C. probatus</em> (including <em>cardosoi</em>); and a monotypic <em>C. multostriatus</em>. In addition, <em>C. trochilirostris</em> is paraphyletic with respect to <em>C. procurvoides</em> (Harvey et al. 2020), suggesting further splits in <em>trochilirostris </em>may be warranted, pending a more comprehensive genomic and vocal analysis.","tropical rainforest in the southern Amazon basin from the Rio Xingu, in western Pará, southwestward to the Rio Madeira, in northern Rondônia and Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670340","tapscy2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tapscy2","avibase-3055F349",null,null,"Igarapé Auara, right bank of the Rio Madeira, near Borba, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Campyloramphus procurvoides probatus"],["15736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus probatus probatus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonian Brazil (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-883DCF22",null,null,"Igarapé Auara, right bank of the Rio Madeira, near Borba, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Campyloramphus procurvoides probatus"],["15737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus probatus cardosoi","Portes, Aleixo, Zimmer et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.258-262",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil, between the Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76D1EE6A",null,null,"Understory of upland (terra-firme) forest by AA on 22 November 2007 at Floresta Nacional de Altamira, municipality of Altamira, Pará, Brazil (06°04'S; 55°19'W)","A new species of Campylorhamphus (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) from the Tapajós - Xingu interfluve in Amazonian Brazil","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/258-262_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Campylorhamphus cardosoi"],["15738","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus multostriatus","(Snethlage, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.161","Xingu Scythebill","Xingu Scythebill","Xingu Scythebill","2025-0729","Three species are recognized in the <em>Campylorhamphus procurvoides</em> complex based on deep genetic divergences, as assessed by mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Aleixo et al. 2013; Portes et al. 2013; Harvey et al. 2020), supported by vocalizations (Boesman 2016pp): a polytypic <em>C. procurvoides</em> (including <em>sanus </em>and <em>gyldenstolpei</em>); a polytypic <em>C. probatus</em> (including <em>cardosoi</em>); and a monotypic <em>C. multostriatus</em>. In addition, <em>C. trochilirostris</em> is paraphyletic with respect to <em>C. procurvoides</em> (Harvey et al. 2020), suggesting further splits in <em>trochilirostris </em>may be warranted, pending a more comprehensive genomic and vocal analysis.","eastern Amazonian Brazil between the Rio Xingu and Rio Tocantins",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670382","cubscy5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubscy5","avibase-A3156CA9",null,null,"Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/179/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus multostriatus"],["15739","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus procurvoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.376","Curve-billed Scythebill","Curve-billed Scythebill","Curve-billed Scythebill","2025-0729","Three species are recognized in the <em>Campylorhamphus procurvoides</em> complex based on deep genetic divergences, as assessed by mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Aleixo et al. 2013; Portes et al. 2013; Harvey et al. 2020), supported by vocalizations (Boesman 2016pp): a polytypic <em>C. procurvoides</em> (including <em>sanus </em>and <em>gyldenstolpei</em>); a polytypic <em>C. probatus</em> (including <em>cardosoi</em>); and a monotypic <em>C. multostriatus</em>. In addition, <em>C. trochilirostris</em> is paraphyletic with respect to <em>C. procurvoides</em> (Harvey et al. 2020), suggesting further splits in <em>trochilirostris </em>may be warranted, pending a more comprehensive genomic and vocal analysis.","tropical rain orest in the Amazon basin mostly north of the Amazon River from southeastern Colombia, northeastern Peru and adjacent Ecuador eastward to northern Brazil and southern Venezuela, and northward to the Guianas and far northeastern Venezuela; south of the Amazon River in southwestern Brazil, west of the Rio Madeira, in Amazonas and Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670311","cubscy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubscy1","avibase-CD437B3E",null,null,"Cayenne.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95, 145 et 275.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/394/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus procurvoides"],["15740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus procurvoides sanus","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Amazonia, from Venezuela and Brazil (west of the Rio Branco and Rio Negro) westward to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru north of the Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8065C1A2",null,null,"Campamento del Medio, 350 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Campyloramphus procurvoides sanus"],["15741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus procurvoides gyldenstolpei","Aleixo, Portes, Whittaker et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.253-257",null,null,null,null,null,"southwest Amazonian Brazil, west of the Rio Madeira; possibly also in eastern Peru (south of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8D32A29",null,null,"understory of creek-side upland (terra-firme) forest by AA and tape-recorded by AW on 4 July 2007 at Tupana Lodge,  located at km 158 of the BR 319 road in the municipality of Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil (04 05'00.2\"S; 60 39'37.8\"W);","Molecular systematics and taxonomic revision of the Curve-billed Scythebill complex (Campylorhamphus procurvoides: Dendrocolaptidae), with description of a new species from western Amazonian Brazil","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/253-257_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Campylorhamphus gyldenstolpei"],["15742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus procurvoides procurvoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (east of the Rio Branco and Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31BDC998",null,null,"Cayenne.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95, 145 et 275.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/394/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus procurvoides"],["15743","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.207 pl.3","Red-billed Scythebill","Red-billed Scythebill","Red-billed Scythebill",null,null,"deciduous to humid forest and woodland from central Panama eastward to northern Colombia and northern Venezuela, east of the Andes southward to the llanos and foothills of the Andes of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia, the tepui region of southern Venezuela and northern Brazil, central Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Tolima and Huila); west of the Andes in far southwestern Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru, the Amazon basin in river islands and riparian areas along the Amazon River (between Rio Negro and Rio Madeira), eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru southward to southwestern Brazil (Acre and Rondônia), northern and eastern Bolivia, and southward across the Chaco of Paraguay to northern Argentina (to Córdoba and Entre Rios), the Caatinga and Cerrado of northeastern and interior Brazil (Ceará and Piauí southward to southern Bahia, and southwestward to western Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703185","rebscy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebscy1","avibase-D5961A8E",null,null,"Brazil; type from Baia [=Bahia], fide Hellmayr.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=252","Dendrocolaptes trochilirostris"],["15744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris brevipennis","Griscom, 1932","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama (northern Coclé and eastern Panamá Province eastward) and northwestern Colombia (Pacific coast southward to northern Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFE0E172",null,null,"Lion Hill, Canal Zone, Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/444/mode/1up","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris brevipennis"],["15745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris venezuelensis","(Chapman, 1889)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.3, art.14 p.154,156",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in northern Colombia from Córdoba eastward to the Magdalena Valley (southward to northern Huila), Caribbean lowlands, and east of eastern Andes (Norte de Santander southward to western Meta), and northern and central Venezuela (eastward to Sucre, southward to Río Orinoco; locally in northwestern and southern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BCD08DF",null,null,"Brazil, Venezuela?, Bogotá, Panama.","A revision of the genus Xiphorhynchus Swainson, with descriptions of two new species","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1705","Xiphorhynchus venezuelensis"],["15746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris thoracicus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Colombia (southwestern Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44900EB1",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/359/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus thoracicus"],["15747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris zarumillanus","Sztolcman, 1926","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal far northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-329AB818",null,null,"Lechugal, Peru.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Campylorhamphus trochilirostris zarumillanus"],["15748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris napensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia (eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F30F0946",null,null,"Río Suno, above Avila, Napo, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris napensis"],["15749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris notabilis","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72FC6618",null,null,"Lago Miguel, Rosarinho, Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Campyloramphus trochilirostris notabilis"],["15750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris snethlageae","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil on both banks of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E891B61",null,null,"Serra de Parintins, Villa Bella Imperatriz, Amazonas, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Campyloramphus trochilirostris snethlageae"],["15751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major","Ridgway, 1911","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.5 p.269,note",null,null,null,null,null,"interior eastern and southern Brazil (Piauí to Minas Gerais and western Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61E32384",null,null,"Ceará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32321#page/301/mode/1up","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major"],["15752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris trochilirostris","(Lichtenstein, 1820)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.207 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to southeastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A64A192",null,null,"Brazil; type from Baia [=Bahia], fide Hellmayr.","Der Gattung Dendrocolaptes.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18181819&seite:int=252","Dendrocolaptes trochilirostris"],["15753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris devius","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.728 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Amazonia (northern Bolivia in La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D90E5832",null,null,"Todos Santos, 1300 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 13, The genera Dendrexetastes, Campyloramphus, and Dendrocincla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4176/","Campyloramphus trochilirostris devius"],["15754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris lafresnayanus","(d'Orbigny, 1847)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 88, Oiseaux p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to southwestern Brazil (western Mato Grosso) and Chaco of western Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-262A405E",null,null,"islands of the Río Paraná near Goya, lat. 29°, and in the province of Chiquitos; type from Chiquitos, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/384/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes lafresnayanus"],["15755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Campylorhamphus trochilirostris hellmayri","Laubmann, 1930","Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Gran Chaco-Expedition. Vögel p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Paraguay (Ñeembucú) and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDF4CBC8",null,null,"Puerto Bermejo, Chaco, Argentina.",null,null,"Campylorhamphus trochilirostris hellmayri"],["15756","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Drymornis","Eyton, 1853","Contributions to ornithology no.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nasica bridgesii [Eyton, 1849]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 29).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/31/mode/1up","Drymornis"],["15757","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Drymornis bridgesii","(Eyton, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.130, pl.38","Scimitar-billed Woodcreeper","Scimitar-billed Woodcreeper","Scimitar-billed Woodcreeper",null,null,"southern Bolivia to central Argentina, Uruguay, western Paraguay, and southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703046","scbwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbwoo4","avibase-12FF1A15",null,null,"Interior of Bolivia; error, the type probably was taken in Mendoza, fide Hellmayr.","Description of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/283/mode/1up","Nasica bridgesii"],["15758","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Drymotoxeres","Claramunt, Derryberry, Chesser et al., 2010","The Auk 127, no.2 p.430-439",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xiphorhynchus pucheranii [Lafresnaye, 1849]; type by monotypy",null,"Polyphyly of Campylorhamphus, and Description of a New Genus for C. pucherani (Dendrocolaptinae)","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/127/2/430/5148518","Drymotoxeres"],["15759","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Drymotoxeres pucheranii","(de Lafresnaye, 1849)","Iconographie ornithologique (etc.) livr.12 pl.69[=68],text","Greater Scythebill","Greater Scythebill","Greater Scythebill",null,null,"locally in western Andes of Colombia to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703177","grescy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grescy1","avibase-AC386DCD",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109479#page/451/mode/1up","Xyphorhynchus Pucherani"],["15760","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.183",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dendrocolaptes squamatus [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 29).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/213/mode/1up","Lepidocolaptes"],["15761","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes falcinellus","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.38","Scalloped Woodcreeper","Scalloped Woodcreeper","Scalloped Woodcreeper",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina, northeastern Uruguay, and southeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733748","scawoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scawoo2","avibase-A9EF14E1",null,null,"Montevideo and Buenos Aires; error = ?",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/46/mode/1up","Thripobrotus falcinellus"],["15762","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes squamatus","(Lichtenstein, 1822)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.258 pl.2 fig.1","Scaled Woodcreeper","Scaled Woodcreeper","Scaled Woodcreeper",null,null,"deciduous and semi-deciduous woodland, gallery forest and humid forest in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado regions of eastern Brazil from southern Piauí southward to northern São Paulo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733742","scawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scawoo1","avibase-AEFE6D42",null,null,"Not given here (Prov. San Paulo, Brazil + Paraguay is given, p. 265)","Der Gattung Dendrocolpates (Fortsetzung.).","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18201821&seite:int=280","Dendrocolaptes squamatus"],["15763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes squamatus wagleri","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.88, pl.90, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (southern Piauí, western Bahia, and northern Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8432CEF3",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/108/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes wagleri"],["15764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes squamatus squamatus","(Lichtenstein, 1822)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.258 pl.2 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and northern São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B92F8017",null,null,"Not given here (Prov. San Paulo, Brazil + Paraguay is given, p. 265)","Der Gattung Dendrocolpates (Fortsetzung.).","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18201821&seite:int=280","Dendrocolaptes squamatus"],["15765","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.116","Narrow-billed Woodcreeper","Narrow-billed Woodcreeper","Narrow-billed Woodcreeper",null,null,"deciduous forest and scrub, gallery and savanna forest, and palm swamps in northeastern Brazil, in Isla Marajó and river islands and riparian areas in the eastern Amazon River eastward to the Rio Tapajós in eastern Pará, and in savanna of southernmost Suriname; also in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado regions of eastern Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará southward to Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, and west to southern Mato Grosso and adjacent Rondônia), Paraguay, central and eastern Bolivia, Uruguay, and western Rio Grande do Sul, southward to south-central Argentina (southward to La Pampa, northern Río Negro, and southern Buenos Aires; absent from the pampas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703155","nabwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nabwoo1","avibase-1AC2BAC2",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/132/mode/1up","Dendrocopus angustirostris"],["15766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris griseiceps","Mees, 1974","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 48 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname (Sipaliwini savanna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02512DF5",null,null,"Sipaliwini, Suriname","Additions to the avifauna of Suriname.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318902","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris griseiceps"],["15767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris coronatus","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí to Goiás and northwestern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DE46230",null,null,"Brazil, = Piauí, ex Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 1824, pl. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/352/mode/1up","Picolaptes coronatus"],["15768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bahiae","(Hellmayr, 1903)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Piauí, Ceará, and interior Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6396019F",null,null,"Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/227/mode/1up","Picolaptes bivittatus bahiae"],["15769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bivittatus","(Lichtenstein, 1822)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (1820-1821) p.258,266 pl.2 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia and Brazilian plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3242A826",null,null,"Not given here (Prov. San Paulo, Brazil + Paraguay is given, p. 263)","Der Gattung Dendrocolpates (Fortsetzung.).","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18201821&seite:int=280","Dendrocolaptes bivittatus"],["15770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hellmayri","Naumburg, 1925","The Auk 42, no.3 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills of Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BB14747",null,null,"Chilon, 5600 feet, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","A new Lepidocolaptes.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol42/iss3/13/","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hellmayri"],["15771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris certhiolus","(Todd, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia, Chaco of western Paraguay, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CF48539",null,null,"Curiche, Río Grande, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/215/mode/1up","Picolaptes bivittatus certhiolus"],["15772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris angustirostris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southwestern Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso) and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D392ECB",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/132/mode/1up","Dendrocopus angustirostris"],["15773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes angustirostris praedatus","(Cherrie, 1916)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.17 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"western Uruguay to northern and central Argentina and far southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5931CCB",null,null,"Concepcion del Uruguay [Entre Ríos, Argentina].","Some apparently undescribed birds from the collection of the Roosevelt South American Expedition.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1748","Picolaptes angustirostris praedatus"],["15774","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes duidae","Zimmer, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.753 p.25","Duida Woodcreeper","Duida Woodcreeper","Duida Woodcreeper",null,null,"northwestern Amazonia, from Venezuela and Brazil (west of the Rio Branco and Rio Negro) westward to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru north of the Amazon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670608","linwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linwoo4","avibase-E41639E7",null,null,"Campamento del Medio, 350 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 14, Notes on the genera Dendrocolaptes, Hylexetastes, Xiphocolaptes, Dendroplex, and Lepidocolaptes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4540/","Lepidocolaptes albo-lineatus duidae"],["15775","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae","Rodrigues, Aleixo, Whittaker & Naka, 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.248-252","Inambari Woodcreeper","Inambari Woodcreeper","Inambari Woodcreeper",null,null,"western Amazonia, south of the Amazon: eastern Peru southward to Bolivia and eastward to Brazil west of the Rio Madeira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670702","inawoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inawoo1","avibase-6D230722",null,null,"Brazil: Amazonas; municipality of Guajará (07°23'30.0\"S, 72°45'32.53\"W)","Molecular systematics and taxonomic revision of the Lineated Woodcreeper complex (Lepidocolaptes albolineatus: Dendrocolaptidae), with description of a new species from southwestern Amazonia","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/248-252_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae"],["15776","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.44,63","Dusky-capped Woodcreeper","Dusky-capped Woodcreeper","Dusky-capped Woodcreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin, south of the Amazon River, from northeastern Brazil (northeastern Pará) southwestward to Rondônia, southern Mato Grosso and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670637","ducwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducwoo1","avibase-43AC1D66",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/54/mode/1up","Picolaptes fuscicapillus"],["15777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus fuscicapillus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.44,63",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Amazonia, in Brazil between the Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós, and in northern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB292F4",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/54/mode/1up","Picolaptes fuscicapillus"],["15778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus layardi","(Sclater, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.12 p.386 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil east of the Rio Tapajós",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93017A62",null,null,"Belém, Pará, Brazil.","Notes on Birds observed at Para. With Descriptions of two new Species by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/408/mode/1up","Picolaptes layardi"],["15779","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes albolineatus","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.208","Guianan Woodcreeper","Guianan Woodcreeper","Lineated Woodcreeper",null,null,"eastern Venezuela (Monagas and Bolívar) to the Guianas and northern Brazil (east of the Rio Branco and Rio Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670471","linwoo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linwoo3","avibase-8210E3A3",null,null,"Colombia or Mexico; error, Cayenne designated as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 328.","Sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/222/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes albo-lineatus"],["15780","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii","(des Murs, 1849)","Iconographie ornithologique (etc.) livr.12 pl.70,text","Streak-headed Woodcreeper","Streak-headed Woodcreeper","Streak-headed Woodcreeper",null,null,"deciduous to semi-humid forest and woodland on the Gulf of Mexico slope of southeastern Mexico (northern Oaxaca and adjacent Veracruz), and the Pacific slope (Guerrero and Oaxaca) southward across Central America to eastern Panama, northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad, the tepuis of southeasternmost Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima), east of the Andes in the foothills of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia (southward to northern Meta), in central Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes in southwestern Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703152","sthwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthwoo1","avibase-65EA1A08",null,null,"Peru; types from Payta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109479#page/453/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes Souleyetii"],["15781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii guerrerensis","Van Rossem, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and southwestern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB8C254F",null,null,"Rincon, Guerrero, Mexico.","Notes on two Woodhewers from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/38/mode/1up","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii guerrerensis"],["15782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii compressus","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.52 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz and Chiapas) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A7CC62A",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 81-96.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/259/mode/1up","Thripobrotus compressus"],["15783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii lineaticeps","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama to northern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8278F09",null,null,"no locality (America)","Essai d'une monographie du genre Picucule (Buffon), Dendrocolaptes (Hermann, Illiger), devenu aujourd'hui la sous-famille Dendrocolaptinae (Gray, Genera of Birds), de la famille Certhiadae de Swains. - Suite, voy. p. 95 et 145.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/287/mode/1up","Picolaptes lineaticeps"],["15784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii littoralis","(Hartert & Goodson, 1917)","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northwestern Colombia to Trinidad, Guyana, and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DBE96C0",null,null,"Quebrada Secca [ = Seca], Sucre, Venezuela.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/473/mode/1up","Picolaptes albolineatus littoralis"],["15785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii uaireni","Phelps & Phelps, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Venezuela (along Río Uairén in southeastern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96E70404",null,null,"Hato Santa Teresa, Río Uairen, 940 meters, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/279/mode/1up","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii uaireni"],["15786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii esmeraldae","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador (south to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8C39E48",null,null,"Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Lepidocolaptes souleyeti esmeraldae"],["15787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes souleyetii souleyetii","(des Murs, 1849)","Iconographie ornithologique (etc.) livr.12 pl.70,text",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (south to Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F74191F",null,null,"Peru; types from Payta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109479#page/453/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes Souleyetii"],["15788","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger","(des Murs, 1849)","Iconographie ornithologique (etc.) livr.12 pl.71,text","Montane Woodcreeper","Montane Woodcreeper","Montane Woodcreeper",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (from Carabobo eastward to Sucre), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia, through Ecuador to northwestern Peru (to Cajamarca, west of the Río Marañón), and from northern Peru east and south of the Marañón, southeastward in the eastern Andes to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733132","monwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monwoo1","avibase-D6EF464B",null,null,"Mexico; error, the type is from Bogotá, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109479#page/455/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes lacrymiger"],["15789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger sanctaemartae","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEEA75CC",null,null,"Valparaiso, 5000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Picolaptes lacrymiger sanctae-martae"],["15790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger sneiderni","Meyer de Schauensee, 1945","Notulae Naturae no.153 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E45E1DF3",null,null,"El Tambo, 6000 feet, east slope of the Western Andes, Cauca, Colombia.","Notes on Colombian Antbirds, Ovenbirds and Woodhewers, with the description of a new form from Peru.",null,"Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger sneiderni"],["15791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger","(des Murs, 1849)","Iconographie ornithologique (etc.) livr.12 pl.71,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and Sierra de Perijá of adjacent western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF4DC8C9",null,null,"Mexico; error, the type is from Bogotá, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109479#page/455/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes lacrymiger"],["15792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lafresnayi","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71075947",null,null,"Caracas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/46/mode/1up","Thripobrotus Lafresnayi"],["15793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger aequatorialis","(Ménégaux, 1912)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 2 no.43 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D01ABBDE",null,null,"Baños, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/501/mode/1up","Picolaptes warszewiczi aequatorialis"],["15794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger frigidus","Meyer de Schauensee, 1951","Notulae Naturae no.232 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Colombia (Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-663B1492",null,null,"Cordillera de Guamués, Nariño, Colombia.","Colombian Zoological Survey, Part VIII. On birds from Nariño, Colombia, with the description of four new subspecies.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_qnekvx9kAeQC/page/n1","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger frigidus"],["15795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger warscewiczi","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Ecuador and Peru (Cajamarca to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2CF9543",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/47/mode/1up","Thripobrotus Warscewiczi"],["15796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae","Hellmayr, 1920","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 85, abt.A p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F5E711C",null,null,"Chuhuasi, 7000 feet, near Ollachea, Sierra de Carabaya, Puno, Peru.","Ein Beitrag zur Ornithologie von Südost-Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163171#page/361/mode/1up","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae"],["15797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger bolivianus","(Chapman, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAD39449",null,null,"Incachaca, 7700 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/298/mode/1up","Thripobrotus warscewiczi bolivianus"],["15798","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes leucogaster","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440","White-striped Woodcreeper","White-striped Woodcreeper","White-striped Woodcreeper",null,null,"montane semiarid to humid forest of northeastern Sonora (northwestern Mexico) south on Pacific slope to Nayarit, thence across transvolcanic belt of Mexico and southward to south-central Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703149","whswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whswoo1","avibase-21A260F2",null,null,"Temescaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus leucogaster"],["15799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes leucogaster umbrosus","Moore, 1934","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora to Durango, Nayarit, and Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17593ECF",null,null,"Between Guirocoba and San Jose, Sonora.","A new race of Lepidocolaptes leucogaster from Sonora, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/107/mode/1up","Lepidocolaptes leucogaster umbrosus"],["15800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes leucogaster leucogaster","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Jalisco to Colima, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACE67F76",null,null,"Temescaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/456/mode/1up","Xiphorhynchus leucogaster"],["15801","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes affinis","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.100","Spot-crowned Woodcreeper","Spot-crowned Woodcreeper",null,"2025-0720","Taxon <em>neglectus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Lepidocolaptes affinis</em> pending further research. Although <em>neglectus </em>is the most genetically divergent member of this complex (Arbeláez-Cortés et al. 2010, 2012), and also differs vocally from <em>lignicida</em> and <em>affinis </em>(Boesman 2016y), the observed mitochondrial DNA divergence is relatively shallow, and the reported vocal differences require more rigorous documentation.","drier to humid montane forest of Caribbean slope from central Nuevo León and Pacific slope from Guerrero (northeastern and west-central Mexico) southward (not including Yucatan Peninsula) through northern Nicaragua and, disjunctly, northwestern Costa Rica through western Panama",null,null,null,"spcwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spcwoo1","avibase-633AC48E",null,null,"Mexico.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/108/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes affinis"],["15802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes affinis lignicida","(Bangs & Penard, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.2 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southwestern Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7BD131C",null,null,"Galindo, Tamaulipas.","Some critical notes on birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/38/mode/1up","Picolaptes affinis lignicida"],["15803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes affinis affinis","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southeastern San Luis Potosí and western Guerrero) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA637AEF",null,null,"Mexico.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/108/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes affinis"],["15804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lepidocolaptes affinis neglectus","(Ridgway, 1909)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98E9CCDE",null,null,"Coliblanco, Costa Rica.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/97/mode/1up","Picolaptes affinis neglectus"],["15805","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.213",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xenops genibarbis [Illiger, 1811]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/237/mode/1up","Xenops"],["15806","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops tenuirostris","Pelzeln, 1859","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.112,133","Slender-billed Xenops","Slender-billed Xenops","Slender-billed Xenops",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield and Amazon basin from southern Venezuela, northernmost Brazil and the Guianas southwestward to eastern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and southward to northern Bolivia; in Brazil mostly in central Amazonia in Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702992","slbxen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbxen1","avibase-CF53912C",null,null,"Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/128/mode/1up","Xenops tenuirostris"],["15807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops tenuirostris acutirostris","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E22EB75C",null,null,"Zamora, Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Xenops acutirostris"],["15808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana, Suriname, and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C229E8B",null,null,"Mana, French Guiana.","Descriptions of new Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/106/mode/1up","Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri"],["15809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops tenuirostris tenuirostris","Pelzeln, 1859","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.112,133",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastward to southwestern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ACBA19D",null,null,"Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/128/mode/1up","Xenops tenuirostris"],["15810","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans","Temminck, 1821","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.12, vol.4 pl.72 fig.2","Streaked Xenops","Streaked Xenops","Streaked Xenops","2025-N034","<em>Xenops rutilus</em> has also been used. <em>X. rutilans</em> is in overwhelming prevailing usage and therefore protected by Article 33.3.1 from arguments about a potentially older spelling. The availability of <em>rutilus </em>is additionally questionable in view of its original publication in a plate wrapper, not as part of the original text.","deciduous to humid forest and woodland in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, also in eastern Panama and possibly adjacent Colombia; in South America, in the foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of western Venezuela, southward along the western (southward to Valle del Cauca), central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to the Andes of northwestern Argentina (southward to Tucuman); west of the Andes in the lowlands of western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru; also in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela from Lara and Falcón eastward to Monagas, and Trinidad; in Amazonia widespread south of the Amazon River from southern Amazonas southward to northern Bolivia and eastward to Maranhão, also in eastern Brazil from Ceará southward to Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina, and northern and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702998","strxen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strxen1","avibase-D55A3901",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/133/mode/1up","Xenops rutilans"],["15811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans septentrionalis","Zimmer, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74B14D0D",null,null,"Guayabo, Costa Rica.","New Birds from Peru, Brazil and Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/102/mode/1up","Xenops rutilus septentrionalis"],["15812","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans incomptus","Wetmore, 1970","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 82 p.772",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62A1BA8B",null,null,"Cana, Cerro Pirre, Darién, Panamá","Descriptions of additional forms of birds from Panamá and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107490#page/388/mode/1up","Xenops rutilans incomptus"],["15813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans heterurus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Venezuela and Trinidad, and to northeastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6EE1FBA",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/41/mode/1up","Xenops heterurus"],["15814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans perijanus","Phelps & Phelps, 1954","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84FE82C5",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, alto Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Notes on Venezuelan birds and descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796#page/127/mode/1up","Xenops rutilans perijanus"],["15815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans phelpsi","Meyer de Schauensee, 1959","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 111 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4F969F3",null,null,"Las Vegas, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Additions to the \"Birds of the Republic of Colombia\".","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064506","Xenops rutilans phelpsi"],["15816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans guayae","Hellmayr, 1920","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.3 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75D8208E",null,null,"Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.","New neotropical birds described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/30/mode/1up","Xenops rutilus guayae"],["15817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans peruvianus","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5D1F8DC",null,null,"Idma, 5000 feet, above Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Xenops rutilans peruvianus"],["15818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans connectens","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-907E59E6",null,null,"Todos Santos, 1300 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/295/mode/1up","Xenops rutilus connectens"],["15819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans purusianus","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus eastward to Rio Madeira and Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34D3ED1A",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Descriptions of new Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/105/mode/1up","Xenops rutilus purusianus"],["15820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans chapadensis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso) and northern Bolivia (Rio Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97125378",null,null,"Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Xenops rutilans chapadensis"],["15821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops rutilans rutilans","Temminck, 1821","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.12, vol.4 pl.72 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B9E5F6E",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/133/mode/1up","Xenops rutilans"],["15822","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops mexicanus","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.289","Northern Plain Xenops","Northern Plain-Xenops",null,"2025-1228","Taxon <em>mexicanus </em>is treated as a polytypic species separate from <em>Xenops genibarbis</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016qq) and behavior (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017), supported by genomic DNA divergence (Harvey &amp; Brumfield 2015).","semi-deciduous to humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in northern Oaxaca and southern Veracruz (Mexico), southeastward across northern Central America to Panama, also the Pacific slope of Costa Rica eastward to Panama; in South America from northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Valle del Cauca and Tolima), and west of the Andes southward along the Pacific lowlands of Colombia to far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,"plaxen2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaxen2","avibase-31CEF156",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/347/mode/1up","Xenops mexicanus"],["15823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops mexicanus mexicanus","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48317BDD",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/347/mode/1up","Xenops mexicanus"],["15824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops mexicanus ridgwayi","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.2 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Nicaragua to Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62C1697C",null,null,"Tocoume, Panama.","Notes and descriptions of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/473/mode/1up","Xenops genibarbis ridgwayi"],["15825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops mexicanus littoralis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-570B2DD6",null,null,"Esmeraldas, northwestern Ecuador.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/475/mode/1up","Xenops littoralis"],["15826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops mexicanus neglectus","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C50927B7",null,null,"Las Quiguas [Carabobo], Venezuela.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/215/mode/1up","Xenops genibarbis neglectus"],["15827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops mexicanus olivaceus","Aveledo Hostos & Pons, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica no.7 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-915F8B55",null,null,"Kunana, 1100 m., Río Negro, Zulia, Venezuela","Aves nuevas y extensiones de distribucion a Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/aves-nuevas-y-extensiones-de-distribucion-a-venezuela/","Xenops minutus olivaceus"],["15828","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops minutus","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.68 pl.68","Atlantic Plain Xenops","Atlantic Plain-Xenops","White-throated Xenops","2025-0721a","Monotypic <em>Xenops minutus</em> of the Atlantic Forest is split from a polytypic <em>Xenops genibarbis</em> based on differences in plumage, vocalizations (Boesman 2016qq), and genetic divergence (Harvey &amp; Brumfield 2015).","eastern Brazil (north to southern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670750","plaxen4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaxen4","avibase-4271791D",null,null,"no locality given, Rio de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 232.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/83/mode/1up","Turdus minutus"],["15829","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops genibarbis","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.213","Amazonian Plain Xenops","Amazonian Plain-Xenops",null,"2025-0721a, 2025-1228","2025-0721a)) Monotypic <em>Xenops minutus</em> of the Atlantic Forest is split from a polytypic <em>Xenops genibarbis</em> following del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2016) and based on differences in plumage, vocalizations (Boesman 2016qq), and genetic divergence (Harvey &amp; Brumfield 2015). 2025-1228)) Taxon <em>mexicanus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Xenops genibarbis</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016qq) and behavior (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017), supported by genomic DNA divergence (Harvey &amp; Brumfield 2015).","semi-humid to tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins and the Guiana Shield from northern Venezuela eastward to eastern Maranhão and adjacent Piaui, in northeastern Brazil, and southward across the Amazon basin to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz), and the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba southward to Sergipe",null,null,null,"plaxen3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaxen3","avibase-DEB6C2E6",null,null,"Cametá [Rio Tocantins], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/237/mode/1up","Xenops genibarbis"],["15830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops genibarbis remoratus","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northern Brazil (northwestern Amazonas eastward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A132774",null,null,"Tatu, right bank of the Rio Negro, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Xenops minutus remoratus"],["15831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops genibarbis ruficaudus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (east of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3A6E03C",null,null,"Guiana = Cayenne.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Neops ruficaudus"],["15832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops genibarbis obsoletus","Zimmer, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil (south of the Amazon River, eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E8430D9",null,null,"Puerto Bermúdez, Peru [=Pasco, Peru]","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/15/mode/1up","Xenops minutus obsoletus"],["15833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops genibarbis genibarbis","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.213",null,null,null,"2025-0721b","Genetic evidence suggests that the northernmost taxon of the Atlantic Forest region, <em>alagoanus</em>, is synonymized with <em>Xenops genibarbis genibarbis</em> (Burney 2009), but this is based on mitochondrial DNA data, and should be confirmed with data from nuclear genes.","northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D81DAC9",null,null,"Cametá [Rio Tocantins], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/237/mode/1up","Xenops genibarbis"],["15834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenops genibarbis alagoanus","Pinto, 1954","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 12(1) p.46",null,null,null,"2025-0721b","Genetic evidence suggests that the northernmost taxon of the Atlantic Forest region, <em>alagoanus</em>, is synonymized with <em>Xenops genibarbis genibarbis</em> (Burney 2009), but this is based on mitochondrial DNA data, and should be confirmed with data from nuclear genes.","northeastern Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC36AB28",null,null,"Hacienda Canoas, Valle del Rio Pratagi, Alagoas, Brasil.","Resultados ornitologicos de duas viagens cientificas ao Estado de Alagoas.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208557","Xenops minutus alagoanus"],["15835","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Berlepschia","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Picolaptes rikeri [Ridgway, 1887]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/165/mode/1up","Berlepschia"],["15836","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Berlepschia rikeri","(Ridgway, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.591 p.523","Point-tailed Palmcreeper","Point-tailed Palmcreeper","Palmcreeper",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702754","potpal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/potpal1","avibase-EFEDF665",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/537/mode/1up","Picolaptes rikeri"],["15837","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Microxenops","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.13 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Microxenops milleri [Chapman, 1914]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of a new genus and species of birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/820","Microxenops"],["15838","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Microxenops milleri","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.13 p.196","Rufous-tailed Xenops","Rufous-tailed Xenops","Rufous-tailed Xenops",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, eastern Peru, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702984","rutxen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutxen1","avibase-4405C73D",null,null,"foot of Mt. Duida, 700 feet, Venezuela.","Descriptions of a new genus and species of birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/820","Microxenops milleri"],["15839","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pygarrhichas","Burmeister, 1837","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen 2 p.769",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pygarrhichas ruficaudis [Burmeister, 1837]; type by monotypy = Dendrocolaptes albogularis P.P. King, 1831  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/179277#page/817/mode/1up","Pygarrhichas"],["15840","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pygarrhichas albogularis","(King, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.30","White-throated Treerunner","White-throated Treerunner","White-throated Treerunner",null,null,"central Chile and adjacent Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703004","whttre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttre2","avibase-E2B6B39E",null,null,"no locality, but presumably from the Straits of Magellan.","Exhibition and description of several species of Birds belonging to the collection recently made by Capt. Philip P. King, R.N., during his survey of the Straits of Magellan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/44/mode/1up","Dendrocolaptes albo-gularis"],["15841","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus","Meyen, 1834","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.80.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus [Meyen, 1834]; type by monotypy",null,"Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA80#v=onepage&q&f=false","Ochetorhynchus"],["15842","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus melanurus","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.133, pl.XLI","Crag Chilia","Crag Chilia","Crag Earthcreeper",null,null,"arid montane scrub, cliffs and slopes with scattered vegetation in central-north Chile from Atacama southward to central Chile (Maule)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702120","crachi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crachi1","avibase-C04BE0E8",null,null,"no locality; the type is from Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/313/mode/1up","Enicornis melanura"],["15843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus melanurus atacamae","(Hellmayr, 1925)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.iv,53",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central Chile (Atacama and Coquimbo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-426EA771",null,null,"Domeyko, 63 kilom. south of Vallenar, Atacama, Chile.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/67/mode/1up","Chilia melanura atacamae"],["15844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus melanurus melanurus","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.133, pl.XLI",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Chile (south to Colchagua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56CC37BB",null,null,"no locality; the type is from Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/313/mode/1up","Enicornis melanura"],["15845","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus andaecola","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.21","Rock Earthcreeper","Rock Earthcreeper","Rock Earthcreeper",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia to northwestern Argentina and adjacent northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702046","rocear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocear1","avibase-452A3DF7",null,null,"Sicasica, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/195/mode/1up","Uppucerthia andaecola"],["15846","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus phoenicurus","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.69 pl.21","Band-tailed Earthcreeper","Band-tailed Earthcreeper","Band-tailed Earthcreeper",null,null,"southern Argentina (Neuquén to southern Santa Cruz) and far southern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702667","batear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batear1","avibase-814FF12C",null,null,"Port Desire, San Julian and Santa Cruz, east coast of Patagonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/165/mode/1up","Eremobius phoenicurus"],["15847","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus","Meyen, 1834","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.81 pl.11","Straight-billed Earthcreeper","Straight-billed Earthcreeper","Straight-billed Earthcreeper",null,null,"arid montane scrub, bunch-grass, and rocky slopes in the Andes of southern Peru, from Arequipa southward across Bolivia and northeastern Chile, to the Andes of central Chile and further southward to Patagonia and Andes of southern Argentina, to northwestern Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702034","stbear2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbear2","avibase-4E40F359",null,null,"base of Volcán de Maipu, 10,000 feet, Santiago, Chile.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q=Ochetorhynchus%20ruficaudus&f=false","Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus"],["15848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus montanus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"puna of southern Peru (Arequipa and Tacna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCFDEAC7",null,null,"Palca, Peru.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/196/mode/1up","Uppucerthia montana"],["15849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus famatinae","(Nores, 1986)","El Hornero 12 p.262-273",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AE33F7C",null,null,"Cerro Famatina, Pcia. de la Rioja, Argentina, alt. 3.200 m, 28°48'S-67°42 W. La Rioja, Argentina. abril 30, 1951; coleccionada por O. Budín","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Upucerthia ruficauda famatinae"],["15850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus ruficaudus","Meyen, 1834","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.81 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"puna of western Bolivia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F56EC43",null,null,"base of Volcán de Maipu, 10,000 feet, Santiago, Chile.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q=Ochetorhynchus%20ruficaudus&f=false","Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus"],["15851","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Margarornis brunnescens [Lawrence]; type by original designation = Margarornis brunnescens P.L. Sclater, 1856",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/383/mode/1up","Premnoplex"],["15852","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex tatei","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.191 p.7","White-throated Barbtail","White-throated Barbtail",null,"2025-0735","Taxon <em>pariae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Premnoplex tatei</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Boesman 2016uu); however, vocal material is limited, and mitochondrial DNA divergence modest (Pérez-Emán et al. 2010). Further research including a comprehensive bioacoustic analysis and genetic data would be informative.","cloudforest of Serranía de Turimiquire, Cordillera de Caripe, and mountains of Paría Peninsula (northeastern Venezuela)",null,null,null,"whtbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtbar1","avibase-1A3D8BED",null,null,"Mt. Turumiquire, 7900 feet, northeastern Venezuela.","Remarks on the life zones of northeastern Venezuela with descriptions of new species of birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4556/","Premnoplex tatei"],["15853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex tatei tatei","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.191 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Sucre, Anzoátegui, and northern Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01450385",null,null,"Mt. Turumiquire, 7900 feet, northeastern Venezuela.","Remarks on the life zones of northeastern Venezuela with descriptions of new species of birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4556/","Premnoplex tatei"],["15854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex tatei pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (mountains of Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74407F20",null,null,"Cerro Humo, Irapa, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/51/mode/1up","Premnoplex tatei pariae"],["15855","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex brunnescens","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.27 pl.116","Spotted Barbtail","Spotted Barbtail","Spotted Barbtail",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama (including Cordillera de San Blas, Cerro Tarcarcuna, and Cerro Pirre) in eastern Panama, in South America in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (eastward to Miranda), and in the Andes of western Venezuela southward in the Andes of Colombia to far northern Peru (including the Cordillera del Condor and the Mache Chindul mountains of northwestern Ecuador), in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Río Marañón southward to central Bolivia (westernmost Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702707","spobar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spobar1","avibase-B023E378",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/61/mode/1up","Margarornis brunnescens"],["15856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E257C453",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/150/mode/1up","Margarornis brunneicauda"],["15857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex brunnescens albescens","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of eastern Panama (Cerro Tacarcuna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FA5A227",null,null,"east slope of Mt. Tacarcuna, 4600 feet, eastern Panami.","Undescribed or little-known birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Premnoplex brunnescens albescens"],["15858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B97FD4B3",null,null,"San Miguel, 7500 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/92/mode/1up","Premnoplex coloratus"],["15859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 76A, Heft5 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Lara, Aragua, Carabobo, and Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7087F9C8",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47529#page/123/mode/1up","Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus"],["15860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.27 pl.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78C60977",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/61/mode/1up","Margarornis brunnescens"],["15861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnoplex brunnescens stictonotus","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A258496",null,null,"Chaco, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/105/mode/1up","Margarornis stictonota"],["15862","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.179, 146 (tab.)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sittasomus perlatus [Lesson, 1844]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 28).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/209/mode/1up","Margarornis"],["15863","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis squamiger","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.14","Pearled Treerunner","Pearled Treerunner","Pearled Treerunner",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela and the Sierra de Perijá, southward along the entire Andes of Colombia to northern Peru (to Cajamarca), north and west of the Río Marañón; and in the eastern Andes of Peru east of the Río Marañón from Amazonas southeastward to central Bolivia, to western Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702729","peatre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peatre1","avibase-CDBA9E0C",null,null,"Ayupaya, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/188/mode/1up","Anabates squamiger"],["15864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis squamiger perlatus","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.12 col.275",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá and Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and Táchira), Colombia (all three ranges), Ecuador, and northern Peru north of Río Marañón (Piura and northern Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8898A86A",null,null,"Colombia.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (15e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/100/mode/1up","Sittasomus perlatus"],["15865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis squamiger peruvianus","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern and central Peru south of the Río Marañón (from southern Cajamarca and Amazonas southward to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA0C963A",null,null,"Tambo Ventija, ten miles east of Molinopampa, Peru.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/17/mode/1up","Margarornis perlata peruviana"],["15866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis squamiger squamiger","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Puno) and Bolivia (southward to western Santa Cruz); sight record in northwestern Argentina (Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E8C3ABA",null,null,"Ayupaya, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/188/mode/1up","Anabates squamiger"],["15867","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis rubiginosus","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.128","Ruddy Treerunner","Ruddy Treerunner","Ruddy Treerunner",null,null,"montane evergreen forest from northwestern Costa Rica to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702719","rudtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudtre1","avibase-8FF7B7BB",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/148/mode/1up","Margarornis rubiginosa"],["15868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis rubiginosus rubiginosus","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1304EE00",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/148/mode/1up","Margarornis rubiginosa"],["15869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis rubiginosus boultoni","Griscom, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.141 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Panama (eastern Chiriquí and Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD476131",null,null,"Cerro Flores, 6000 feet, eastern Chiriquí, Panama.","Descriptions of new birds from Panama and Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4374/","Margarornis rubiginosa boultoni"],["15870","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis stellatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.67,160","Star-chested Treerunner","Fulvous-dotted Treerunner","Fulvous-dotted Treerunner",null,null,"western Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702722","fudtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fudtre1","avibase-3AED50B1",null,null,"Province of Quito, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/172/mode/1up","Margarornis stellatus"],["15871","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Margarornis bellulus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.12","Beautiful Treerunner","Beautiful Treerunner","Beautiful Treerunner",null,null,"humid montane forest of eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702726","beatre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beatre1","avibase-5D9734CE",null,null,"Mt. Pirn, 4500 feet, near head of Río Limon, eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/54/mode/1up","Margarornis bellulus"],["15872","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cichlocolaptes","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.146,174",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates ferruginolentus [zu Wied, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 28). = Anabates leucophrus Jardine & Selby, 1830  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/204/mode/1up","Cichlocolaptes"],["15873","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti","Buzzetti, 2014","Revista Brasileria de Ornitologia 22(2), p.76 [75-94]","Cryptic Treehunter","Cryptic Treehunter","Cryptic Treehunter",null,null,"formerly northeastern Brazil; currently known from only two sites, in Alagoas and Pernambuco; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103671170","crytre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crytre1","avibase-EE612071",null,null,"Serra Branca, Murici, 09° 15' S, 35° 50' W, 550 m above sea level, Alagoas State, Brazil","A new species of Cichlocolaptes Reichenbach 1853 (Furnariidae), the 'gritador-do-nordeste', an undescribed trace of the fading bird life of northeastern Brazil (Furnariidae), the ‘gritador-do-nordeste’, an undescribed trace of the fading bird life of northeastern Brazil","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286176188","Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti"],["15874","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cichlocolaptes leucophrus","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.6 pl.93, with text","Pale-browed Treehunter","Pale-browed Treehunter",null,"2025-0732","Taxon <em>holti </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cichlocolaptes leucophrus</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split based on differences in plumage, size, and vocalizations (Mazar Barnett &amp; Buzzetti 2014), the reported differences seem minor, and possible clinality in these traits has not been assessed.","humid lowland and montane forest in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, from central Bahia southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul",null,null,null,"pabtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabtre1","avibase-8F1CC6A2",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/247/mode/1up","Anabates leucophrus"],["15875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cichlocolaptes leucophrus leucophrus","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.6 pl.93, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Bahia southward to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E5F7D44",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/247/mode/1up","Anabates leucophrus"],["15876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cichlocolaptes leucophrus holti","Pinto, 1941","Revista Argentina de Zoogeografia 1 no.3 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (São Paulo southward to northeastern Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-600810CC",null,null,"Alto da Serra, este de São Paulo, Brasil.",null,null,"Cichlocolaptes leucophrus holti"],["15877","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Heliobletus","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.148,201",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Heliobletus superciliosus [Reichenbach, 1853], misidentified (not Dendrocolaptes superciliosus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) = Heliobletus contaminatus von Berlepsch 1885; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/178/mode/1up","Heliobletus"],["15878","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Heliobletus contaminatus","Berlepsch, 1885","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.144","Sharp-billed Treehunter","Sharp-billed Treehunter","Sharp-billed Treehunter",null,null,"lowland and montane humid forest in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, from southern Bahia southward to Rio Grande do Sul and adjacent Uruguay, and southwestward to northernmost Argentina (Misiones) and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702981","shbtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbtre1","avibase-96349863",null,null,"Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, ex Burmeister, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 32.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/154/mode/1up","Heliobletus contaminatus"],["15879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Heliobletus contaminatus contaminatus","Berlepsch, 1885","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro); intergrades with camargoi in eastern São Paulo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C67B057E",null,null,"Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, ex Burmeister, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 32.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/154/mode/1up","Heliobletus contaminatus"],["15880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Heliobletus contaminatus camargoi","Silva & Stotz, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.98 [98-101]",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (south and west of the city of São Paulo), eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8001581",null,null,"Puerto Cabral Rio Paraná, São, Paulo, Brasil.","Geographic variation in the Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/398/mode/1up","Heliobletus contaminatus camargoi"],["15881","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Philydor","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.73",null,null,null,"2025-1227","Taxa <em>erythrocercum </em>and <em>fuscipenne </em>are placed in the newly described genus <em>Neophilydor </em>following Sangster et al. (2023). Formerly placed in <em>Philydor</em>, but mitochondrial-dominated and genomic DNA data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020) recover the genus as polyphyletic, with the clade comprising <em>erythrocercum </em>and <em>fuscipenne </em>being more closely related to <em>Anabazenops </em>(Harvey et al. 2020) or <em>Megaxenops </em>(Derryberry et al. 2011).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Anabates atricapillus [zu Wied-Neuwied, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 28).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/93/mode/1up","Philydor"],["15882","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Philydor pyrrhodes","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.689","Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner","Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner","Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702800","crfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crfgle1","avibase-0ADC0218",null,null,"coast of British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/179/mode/1up","Anabates pyrrhodes"],["15883","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Philydor atricapillus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.147, note","Black-capped Foliage-gleaner","Black-capped Foliage-gleaner","Black-capped Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702866","bcfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcfgle1","avibase-1BE0A8B1",null,null,"Rio Catolé Grande, Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/555/mode/1up","Anabates atricapillus"],["15884","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Philydor novaesi","Teixeira & Gonzaga, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103 p.133 [133-135]","Alagoas Foliage-gleaner","Alagoas Foliage-gleaner","Alagoas Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"formerly montane forest of northeastern Brazil (Alagoas); extinction date 2011","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702869","alfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alfgle1","avibase-6CCCB10A",null,null,"Sierra Blanca, Municipio de Murici, Alagoas, Brasil.","Um novo Furnariidae do nordeste do Brasil: Philydor novaesi sp. nov. (Aves: Passeriformes).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/153/mode/1up","Philydor novaesi"],["15885","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabazenops","de Lafresnaye, 1841","Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle (1840) 1 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sitta fusca [Vieillot, 1816]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 30).  ",null,null,null,"Anabazenops"],["15886","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabazenops fuscus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68","White-collared Foliage-gleaner","White-collared Foliage-gleaner","White-collared Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to eastern Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702881","wcfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wcfgle1","avibase-902B9EEB",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, antea, p. 187.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Sitta fusca"],["15887","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabazenops dorsalis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.158","Bamboo Foliage-gleaner","Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner","Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to far northwestern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702913","ducfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducfog1","avibase-B76C2D94",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/222/mode/1up","Automolus dorsalis"],["15888","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor","Sangster, Harvey, Gaudin & Claramunt, 2023","Zootaxa 5361, no.2 p.299 [297-300]",null,null,null,"2025-1227","Taxa <em>erythrocercum </em>and <em>fuscipenne </em>are placed in the newly described genus <em>Neophilydor </em>following Sangster et al. (2023). Formerly placed in <em>Philydor</em>, but mitochondrial-dominated and genomic DNA data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020) recover the genus as polyphyletic, with the clade comprising <em>erythrocercum </em>and <em>fuscipenne </em>being more closely related to <em>Anabazenops </em>(Harvey et al. 2020) or <em>Megaxenops </em>(Derryberry et al. 2011).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Anabates erythrocercus [von Pelzeln, 1859]",null,"A new genus for Philydor erythrocercum and P. fuscipenne (Aves: Furnariidae)","https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5361.2.11","Neophilydor"],["15889","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor fuscipenne","(Salvin, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.72","Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner","Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner","Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"humid lowland to hill forest of central and eastern Panama to northern and north-central Colombia and, disjunctly, in western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702814","swfgle","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swfgle","avibase-C1A0DE39",null,null,"Santiago de Veragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/110/mode/1up","Philydor fuscipennis"],["15890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor fuscipenne fuscipenne","(Salvin, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Panama (Veraguas, Coclé, Colón, and Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BE013CC",null,null,"Santiago de Veragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/110/mode/1up","Philydor fuscipennis"],["15891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor fuscipenne erythronotum","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.66,160",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4594C49",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/172/mode/1up","Philydor erythronotus"],["15892","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor erythrocercum","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.105,128","Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner","Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner","Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"tropical rainforest and humid montane forest in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and eastward across Brazilian Amazonia to northeastern Brazil (eastward to northeastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão) and northward to the Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734184","rurfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rurfog1","avibase-D4E8559F",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro = Manaus, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/121/mode/1up","Anabates erythrocercus"],["15893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor erythrocercum subfulvum","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9594418E",null,null,"Gualaquiza, Ecuador.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/473/mode/1up","Philydor subfulvus"],["15894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor erythrocercum ochrogaster","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Peru and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DB5885F",null,null,"Chanchamayo, 1200 meters, Junín, Peru.","Bechreibung von sechs neotropischen Vogelformen, nebst einer Bemerkung über Ampelion cinctus (Tsch.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/121/mode/1up","Philydor ochrogaster"],["15895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor erythrocercum lyra","(Cherrie, 1916)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.17 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and Brazil south of the Amazon River to northern Maranhão, southward to Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF4D0F8C",null,null,"6th of March Rapids, Rio Roosevelt, Mato Grosso.","Some apparently undescribed birds from the collection of the Roosevelt South American Expedition.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1748","Philydor erythrocercus lyra"],["15896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor erythrocercum suboles","(Todd, 1948)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (north bank of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A0C14A",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Oven-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/55/mode/1up","Philydor erythrocercus suboles"],["15897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Neophilydor erythrocercum erythrocercum","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.105,128",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (east of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9617EA3C",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro = Manaus, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/121/mode/1up","Anabates erythrocercus"],["15898","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Megaxenops","Reiser, 1905","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 42 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Megaxenops parnaguae [Reiser, 1905]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Megaxenops"],["15899","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Megaxenops parnaguae","Reiser, 1905","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 42 p.322","Great Xenops","Great Xenops","Great Xenops",null,null,"arid Caatinga of interior northeastern and east-central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703001","grexen1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grexen1","avibase-D5387AC3",null,null,"Catinga woods on the trail from Parnagua to Olho d'Agua, Piauí.","Bericht über die ornithologische Ausbeute während der von der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften im Jahre 1903 nach Brasilien entsendeten Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89280#page/366/mode/1up","Megaxenops parnaguae"],["15900","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle (1840) 1 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anabacerthia striaticollis [Lafresnaye, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Anabacerthia"],["15901","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia amaurotis","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.40, vol.4 pl.238 fig.2","White-browed Foliage-gleaner","White-browed Foliage-gleaner","White-browed Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"southeastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil (southern Espírito Santo) and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702843","whbfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbfog1","avibase-F31BDBD7",null,null,"Brazil = Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/160/mode/1up","Anabates amaurotis"],["15902","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia lichtensteini","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.29","Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner","Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner","Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to eastern and southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702855","obfgle2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obfgle2","avibase-5A7FA9E2",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/37/mode/1up","Philydor Lichtensteini"],["15903","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia striaticollis","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle 1 p.412","Montane Foliage-gleaner","Montane Foliage-gleaner","Montane Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (from Yaracuy eastward to Miranda), and in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andes of western Venezuela southward along the western (southward to Valle del Cauca), central and eastern Andes of Colombia and eastern Andes of Ecuador through eastern Andes of Peru to central Bolivia (to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702789","mofgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mofgle1","avibase-A499C7BE",null,null,"no locality = Bogotá.",null,null,"Anabacerthia striaticollis"],["15904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia striaticollis anxia","(Bangs, 1902)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2B9C5DB",null,null,"Chirua, 7000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/91/mode/1up","Xenicopsis anxius"],["15905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia striaticollis perijana","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D6EC82E",null,null,"Kunana, Río Negro, Perijá, Venezuela.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/287/mode/1up","Anabacerthia striaticollis perijana"],["15906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia striaticollis venezuelana","(Hellmayr, 1911)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 2 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CE022FF",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Description de trois nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des familles de Dendrocolaptidés et Fomicariidés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/79/mode/1up","Philydor venezuelanus"],["15907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia striaticollis striaticollis","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle 1 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of Colombia and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D39DDB6A",null,null,"no locality = Bogotá.",null,null,"Anabacerthia striaticollis"],["15908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia striaticollis montana","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9100EF15",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/303/mode/1up","Anabates montanus"],["15909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia striaticollis yungae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CBDF665",null,null,"Locotal, 17°11'S, 65°48' W, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Philydor montanus yungae"],["15910","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia ruficaudata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.15","Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner","Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner","Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from central Venezuela and the Guianas southwestward to eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and Peru southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz), and in central and eastern Amazonia in Brazil, eastward to western Maranhão and northern Tocantins, and southward to northern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702792","rutfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfog1","avibase-861926AE",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/189/mode/1up","Anabates ruficaudatus"],["15911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia ruficaudata ruficaudata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas eastward to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F901661",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/189/mode/1up","Anabates ruficaudatus"],["15912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia ruficaudata subflavescens","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE038F1D",null,null,"Monterico, western Peru","Fünfte Jahresversammlung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/78/mode/1up","Phylidor subflavescens"],["15913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia ruficaudata flavipectus","(Phelps & Gilliard, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil (Roraima and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-890CDE7D",null,null,"Maniha, Río Emecuni, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Philydor ruficaudatus flavipectus"],["15914","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia variegaticeps","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.289","Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner","Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner","Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"montane evergreen forest of both slopes of southern Mexico from Guerrero and central Veracruz southward (and including Sierra de las Tuxtlas), but not the Yucatan Peninsula, and southern Belize to north-central Nicaragua, and northwestern Costa Rica southward through western Panama; disjunctly, western Andes of Colombia (southward from southern Chocó) and western Ecuador including western coastal cordilleras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702786","stfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stfgle1","avibase-C9861D7F",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/347/mode/1up","Anabazenops variegaticeps"],["15915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia variegaticeps schaldachi","Winker, 1997","The era of Allan R. Phillips: a festschrift p.203-208",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCE6507B",null,null,"Omilterne, Guerrero, Mexico","A new form of Anabacerthia variegaticeps (Furnariidae) from western Mexico.","http://www.kevinwinker.org/new_form.pdf","Anabacerthia variegaticeps schaldachi"],["15916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia variegaticeps variegaticeps","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B74A65C",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/347/mode/1up","Anabazenops variegaticeps"],["15917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anabacerthia variegaticeps temporalis","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECFEF826",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/201/mode/1up","Anabates temporalis"],["15918","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.171",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Xenops rufosuperciliatus [Lafresnaye, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/201/mode/1up","Syndactyla"],["15919","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla dimidiata","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.107,130","Planalto Foliage-gleaner","Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner","Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"humid and gallery forest and woodland in the Cerrado region of interior Brazil from western Bahia and northern Goiás southward to Mato Grosso do Sul and adjacent Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702803","rumfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rumfog1","avibase-B076D958",null,null,"Sangrador and Rio Manso, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/123/mode/1up","Anabates dimidiatus"],["15920","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla rufosuperciliata","(de Lafresnaye, 1832)","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.7, p.8","Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner","Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner","Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of far southeastern Ecuador southward along the eastern Andes of Peru to northwestern Argentina (southward to La Rioja); also in humid forest and bamboo stands in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil, from Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo southwestward to northeastern Argentina (southward to northern Buenos Aires), Uruguay and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702774","bbfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbfgle1","avibase-25CD1E21",null,null,"Brazil; Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 188.","Sur l'importance de la forme des pieds comme caractère générique chez les Passereaux, et en particulier chez les Picucules, les Sittines, les Fourmiliers, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/128/mode/1up","Xenops rufo-superciliatus"],["15921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla rufosuperciliata cabanisi","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ecuador and northern Peru to central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB0FEFB5",null,null,"Pumamarca [east of Junín], Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/686/mode/1up","Anabazenops cabanisi"],["15922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla rufosuperciliata oleaginea","(Sclater, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.654",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9970748",null,null,"Paraná and Catamarca; type from Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca, Argentina.","Descriptions of five apparently new Species of South-American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/808/mode/1up","Anabazenops oleagineus"],["15923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla rufosuperciliata rufosuperciliata","(de Lafresnaye, 1832)","Magasin de Zoologie 2, cl.2 text to pl.7, p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo southward to Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABCD47FE",null,null,"Brazil; Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 188.","Sur l'importance de la forme des pieds comme caractère générique chez les Passereaux, et en particulier chez les Picucules, les Sittines, les Fourmiliers, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114092#page/128/mode/1up","Xenops rufo-superciliatus"],["15924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla rufosuperciliata acrita","(Oberholser, 1901)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Brazil (from Santa Catarina) to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Chaco and Misiones southward to northeastern Santa Fe and northern Buenos Aires), and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-879EAC20",null,null,"Sapucay, Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/205/mode/1up","Anabazenops acritus"],["15925","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla roraimae","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.199","Tepui Foliage-gleaner","White-throated Foliage-gleaner","White-throated Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent southwestern Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702929","wtfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtfgle1","avibase-9F0CB672",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, extremo sur de la Guayana Inglesa en los límites con Venezuela, 03°25'N, 65°23'W",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/209/mode/1up","Automolus roraimae"],["15926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla roraimae paraquensis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1947)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Sipapo [Cerro Paraque], northwestern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE6B3437",null,null,"Cerro Paraque, 1450 meters, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Ten new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/157/mode/1up","Automolus roraimae paraquensis"],["15927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla roraimae duidae","(Chapman, 1939)","American Museum Novitates no.1051 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerros Parú, Yavi, Gimé, Duida, and de la Neblina, Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ACD7B7C",null,null,"Mt. Duida, 4200 feet, Venezuela.","The upper zonal birds of Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5154/","Automolus roraimae duidae"],["15928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla roraimae roraimae","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Gran Sabana area, including Roraima), far northern Brazil (Roraima), and western Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A1A3706",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, extremo sur de la Guayana Inglesa en los límites con Venezuela, 03°25'N, 65°23'W",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/209/mode/1up","Automolus roraimae"],["15929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla roraimae urutani","(Phelps & Dickerman, 1980)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 33 p.139-147",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerros Jaua and Urutaní, southern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA8EE7E1",null,null,"Cerro Urutaní, Sierra Pacaraima, cabeceras del Río Paragua, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela.","Cuatro subespecies nuevas de aves (Furnariidae, Formicariidae) de la region de Pantepui, Estado Bolivar y Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-subespecies-nuevas-de-aves-furnariidae-formicariidae-de-la-region-de-pantepui-estado-bolivar-y-territorio-amazonas-venezuela/","Automolus roraimae urutani"],["15930","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla ucayalae","(Chapman, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.332 p.11,12 fig.1","Peruvian Recurvebill","Peruvian Recurvebill","Peruvian Recurvebill",null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru, far northwestern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702872","perrec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perrec1","avibase-6435894B",null,null,"Lagarto, upper Río Ucayali, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3734/","Anachilus ucayalae"],["15931","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla striata","(Carriker, 1935)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.327","Bolivian Recurvebill","Bolivian Recurvebill","Bolivian Recurvebill",null,null,"Yungas of western Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702878","bolrec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bolrec1","avibase-AB4BDC23",null,null,"Santa Ana, 2200 feet, Río Coroico, La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Anachilus striatus"],["15932","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla guttulata","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.343 p.272 pl.130","Guttulate Foliage-gleaner","Guttulate Foliage-gleaner","Guttulate Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"humid montane forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, from Falcón eastward to Sucre and Monagas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702767","gufgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gufgle1","avibase-612F60B6",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/284/mode/1up","Anabazenops guttulatus"],["15933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla guttulata guttulata","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.343 p.272 pl.130",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy to Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C4BED55",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/284/mode/1up","Anabazenops guttulatus"],["15934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla guttulata pallida","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Sucre, and northern Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AC866FD",null,null,"El Peonío, 1300 meters, Bergantín, State of Anzoátegui, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Syndactyla guttulata pallida"],["15935","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla ruficollis","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.160","Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner","Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner","Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702777","rnfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rnfgle1","avibase-BEA49987",null,null,"Paucal [ = Nancho], Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/170/mode/1up","Anabazenops ruficollis"],["15936","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla subalaris","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.141","Lineated Foliage-gleaner","Lineated Foliage-gleaner","Lineated Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the mountains of Costa Rica, western and eastern Panama, and adjacent Colombia, and the Andes of western Venezuela, southward along the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to far northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (Cajamarca), and the eastern Andes of Peru east and south of the Marañón, southward to southern Peru (Junín, Ucayali, and Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702771","lifgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lifgle1","avibase-93B02145",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/201/mode/1up","Anabates subalaris"],["15937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla subalaris lineata","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E428BA58",null,null,"Angostura, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/147/mode/1up","Anabazenops lineatus"],["15938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla subalaris tacarcunae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Panama (Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A802EA8",null,null,"east slope of Mt. Tacarcuna, 4600 feet, eastern Panama.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Xenicopsis subalaris tacarcunae"],["15939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla subalaris subalaris","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B748BBF4",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/201/mode/1up","Anabates subalaris"],["15940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla subalaris striolata","(Todd, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington no.26 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and western Andes of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61799540",null,null,"Anzoátegui, Lara, Venezuela.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/215/mode/1up","Xenicopsis striolatus"],["15941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla subalaris olivacea","Phelps & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Táchira (western Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63F52F4C",null,null,"Río Chiquito, Hda. La Providencia, Táchira, Venezuela; 1900 meters","Five new birds from Rio Chiquito, Tachira, Venezuela and two extensions of ranges from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/385/mode/1up","Syndactyla subalaris olivacea"],["15942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Syndactyla subalaris mentalis","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3B5AAB8",null,null,"Machay, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/140/mode/1up","Anabazenops mentalis"],["15943","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ancistrops","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.157",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates lineaticeps [Sclater, PL, 1856]; type by monotypy = Thamnophilus strigilatus von Spix, 1825",null,null,null,"Ancistrops"],["15944","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Ancistrops strigilatus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.26, pl.36, f.1","Chestnut-winged Hookbill","Chestnut-winged Hookbill","Chestnut-winged Hookbill",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia, and eastward to the Brazilian Amazonia, mainly south of the Amazon River, to central Pará, in the Rio Tapajós region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702757","chwhoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwhoo1","avibase-21CFD0C9",null,null,"no locality given; Rio Solimões suggested by Hellmayr, antea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/40/mode/1up","Thamnophilus strigilatus"],["15945","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma","Swainson, 1836","On the natural history and classification of birds 1 p.109",null,null,null,"2025-0733","The genus <em>Dendroma </em>is recognized for<em> D. rufa </em>and <em>D. erythroptera</em> based on genetic evidence. Formerly placed in <em>Philydor</em>, mitochondrial DNA (Derryberry et al. 2011) and genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) do not recover the genus as monophyletic, with taxa <em>rufa </em>and <em>erythroptera </em>deeply diverged from core <em>Philydor </em>and sister to <em>Ancistrops</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dendroma caniceps [Swainson, 1837]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133841#page/125/mode/1up","Dendroma"],["15946","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma erythroptera","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.27","Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner","Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner","Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia and eastward, south of the Amazon River, to northeastern Brazil (eastern Pará and adjacent Maranhão), and in Brazil southward to northern Mato Grosso; also in southern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702835","chwfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwfog1","avibase-74802DF9",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/61/mode/1up","Anabates erythropterus"],["15947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma erythroptera erythroptera","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil (western Amazonas eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F0B6D02",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/61/mode/1up","Anabates erythropterus"],["15948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma erythroptera diluvialis","(Griscom & Greenway, 1937)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 81, no.2 p.433",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (lower Rio Tapajós, central Pará and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A94B7FE",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Critical notes on new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21291#page/447/mode/1up","Philydor erythropterus diluvialis"],["15949","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.119","Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner","Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner","Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"humid montane forest and riparian and humid forest in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama; in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, in Falcón eastward to Miranda, in Colombia along the western Andes southward to western Ecuador in the central Andes of Colombia, including Sierra de San Lucas, southward to Tolima, and in the eastern Andes in northeastern Colombia, and from eastern Ecuador southward to southern Bolivia (Chuquisaca); also in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, and westward to Goiás, southern Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay; and in the tepuis of southern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702858","bffgle","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bffgle","avibase-A9CCA8B6",null,null,"Brazil; Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 204.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/135/mode/1up","Dendrocopus rufus"],["15950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa panerythra","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica to eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3486A5B",null,null,"Bogotá.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/140/mode/1up","Philydor panerythrus"],["15951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa riveti","(Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906)","Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle d'Autun 19 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (Pichincha and El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E0E6C98",null,null,"Gualea, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/42/mode/1up","Philydor columbianus riveti"],["15952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa columbiana","(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.29,note",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0063ED59",null,null,"Puerto Cabello = Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/37/mode/1up","Philydor columbianus"],["15953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa cuchiverus","(Phelps & Phelps, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southern Venezuela (Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88CD1CF0",null,null,"Cerro El Negro, upper Río Cuchivero, 1000 meters, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/132/mode/1up","Philydor rufus cuchiverus"],["15954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa boliviana","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru and Bolivia (La Paz and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51BF1516",null,null,"Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/394/mode/1up","Philydor columbianus bolivianus"],["15955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa chapadensis","(Zimmer, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.785 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E444746",null,null,"Chapada, Mato Grosso.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 17, Notes on the genera Syndactyla, Anabacerthia, Philydor, and Automolus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4518/","Philydor rufus chapadensis"],["15956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Dendroma rufa rufa","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Goiás and Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4BDC35E",null,null,"Brazil; Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 204.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/135/mode/1up","Dendrocopus rufus"],["15957","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.61,155",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates dendrocolaptoides [von Pelzeln, 1859]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Clibanornis"],["15958","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rectirostris","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.679","Henna-capped Foliage-gleaner","Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner","Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"Campos of interior eastern and south-central Brazil to northeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702949","ccfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ccfgle1","avibase-1AC817E2",null,null,"Campos Geraes, Serra Geral, on the Baia-Minas Gerais border, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/701/mode/1up","Opetiorynchus rectirostris"],["15959","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.104,128","Canebrake Groundcreeper","Canebrake Groundcreeper","Canebrake Groundcreeper",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702639","cangro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cangro1","avibase-087A6829",null,null,"Yapo River, Curytiba, and Villa de Castro [= Boqueirao], Paraná.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/120/mode/1up","Anabates dendrocolaptoides"],["15960","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rufipectus","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.158","Santa Marta Foliage-gleaner","Santa Marta Foliage-gleaner","Santa Marta Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736301","samfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samfog1","avibase-62B3521F",null,null,"Pueblo Viejo, 8000 feet, Colombia.","On some birds from Pueblo Viejo, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/184/mode/1up","Automolus rufipectus"],["15961","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis erythrocephalus","(Chapman, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.258,259 fig.3","Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner","Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner","Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"deciduous to semi-deciduous forest in southwestern Ecuador (including the Chongon Colonche mountains in Manabí, Santa Elena, and Guayas), and northwestern Peru (southward to northern Lambayeque and western Cajamarca)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702956","hhfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hhfgle1","avibase-32B19B18",null,null,"Alamor, 4300 feet, Peruvian-Ecuador boundary. Col. pl., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, pl. xxviii, fig. 2.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/294/mode/1up","Hylocryptus erythrocephalus"],["15962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis erythrocephalus erythrocephalus","(Chapman, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.258,259 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (Loja) and northwestern Peru (southward to Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3FACF0A",null,null,"Alamor, 4300 feet, Peruvian-Ecuador boundary. Col. pl., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, pl. xxviii, fig. 2.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/294/mode/1up","Hylocryptus erythrocephalus"],["15963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis erythrocephalus palamblae","(Zimmer, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1872224",null,null,"Palambla, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Hylocryptus erythrocephalus palamblae"],["15964","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.288","Ruddy Foliage-gleaner","Ruddy Foliage-gleaner","Ruddy Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"humid montane and lowland forest on the Gulf of Mexico slope, from southern San Luis Potosí (Mexico), and the Pacific slope from Guerrero southeastward across Guatemala and adjacent El Salvador to northern Nicaragua, locally in eastern Costa Rica, western, central and eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; in South America, west of the Andes from northwestern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador, and along the foothills of the central Andes and the western slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia (to Tolima and Cundinamarca); east of the Andes along the Andean foothills from southwestern Venezuela southward across Colombia and Ecuador to northwestern Bolivia (in Ecuador and Peru to the Amazon lowlands) and eastward to Acre and southern Amazonas (southwestern Brazil); also in southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northern Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, and eastern Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736330","rufgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufgle1","avibase-B8BC2370",null,null,"Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/346/mode/1up","Anabates rubiginosus"],["15965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus guerrerensis","(Salvin & Godman, 1891)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southwestern Mexico (Guerrero and western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDF6E941",null,null,"Omilteme, Guerrero.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/167/mode/1up","Automolus guerrerensis"],["15966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus rubiginosus","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B499A6F1",null,null,"Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/346/mode/1up","Anabates rubiginosus"],["15967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus veraepacis","(Salvin & Godman, 1891)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39CB791E",null,null,"Coban, Verapaz, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14590#page/168/mode/1up","Automolus veraepacis"],["15968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus fumosus","(Salvin & Godman, 1891)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 2 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-964675B6",null,null,"Bibalaz, Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115823#page/168/mode/1up","Automolus fumosus"],["15969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus saturatus","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.644",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia (Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CB07E1E",null,null,"Alto Bonito, 1500 feet, Antioquia, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Automolus nigricauda saturatus"],["15970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus sasaimae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1947)","Notulae Naturae no.186 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (upper tropical Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6E1BD5A",null,null,"Sasaima, 74 kilometers west of Bogotá, in the Magdalena Valley.","On the genera Automolus (Furnariidae) and Myrmeciza (Formicariidae) in Colombia.",null,"Automolus rubiginosus sasaimae"],["15971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus nigricauda","(Hartert, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (Baudó Mountains) to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDF5ADF7",null,null,"Cachavi, 500 feet [Esmeraldas], Ecuador.","[Description of some South-American birds from Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/468/mode/1up","Automolus nigricauda"],["15972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus venezuelanus","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1947)","American Museum Novitates no.1338 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA2E2B5D",null,null,"Mt. Auyan-tepui, 460 meters, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5153/","Automolus rubiginosus venezuelanus"],["15973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus cinnamomeigula","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical base of eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-577F1731",null,null,"Bogotá; type a trade skin.","On four new species of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/665/mode/1up","Automolus cinnamomeigula"],["15974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus caquetae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1947)","Notulae Naturae no.186 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Caquetá and Putumayo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B8F6BE4",null,null,"Morelia, 900 feet, Caquetá, Colombia.","On the genera Automolus (Furnariidae) and Myrmeciza (Formicariidae) in Colombia.",null,"Automolus rubiginosus caquetae"],["15975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus brunnescens","(Berlioz, 1927)","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 33, no.6 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador (Río Suno region) and adjacent northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACEA8C8A",null,null,"Río Suno, Ecuador.","Étude d'une Collection d'Oiseaux de l'Équateur, donnée au Muséum par M. Clavery (Suite.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213956#page/520/mode/1up","Automolus rubiginosus brunnescens"],["15976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus watkinsi","(Hellmayr, 1912)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru to northern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (Acre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB98813C",null,null,"Yahuarmayo, 1200 feet, Carabaya, Puno, Peru.","Über neue und seltene Vögel aus Südperu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/174/mode/1up","Automolus watkinsi"],["15977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Clibanornis rubiginosus obscurus","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.110,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D4AF537",null,null,"Cayenne.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/126/mode/1up","Anabates obscurus"],["15978","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.157",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates flammulatus [Eyton, 1849]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Thripadectes"],["15979","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes ignobilis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.522","Uniform Treehunter","Uniform Treehunter","Uniform Treehunter",null,null,"humid western Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador (southward to El Oro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702887","unitre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unitre1","avibase-EDAF5273",null,null,"Frontino, Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/284/mode/1up","Automolus ignobilis"],["15980","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes scrutator","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.137","Peruvian Treehunter","Rufous-backed Treehunter","Rufous-backed Treehunter",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru and western Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702905","rubtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubtre1","avibase-290D1818",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/205/mode/1up","Thripadectes scrutator"],["15981","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes flammulatus","(Eyton, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.131","Flammulated Treehunter","Flammulated Treehunter","Flammulated Treehunter",null,null,"montane cloudforest and bamboo stands in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and in the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to far northern Peru (Cajamarca); in western Ecuador southward to Azuay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702902","flatre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flatre1","avibase-8550D28A",null,null,"New Grenada = Bogotá.","Description of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/284/mode/1up","Anabates flammulatus"],["15982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes flammulatus bricenoi","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-985CFFCD",null,null,"Culata, Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/392/mode/1up","Thripadectes bricenoi"],["15983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes flammulatus flammulatus","(Eyton, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43F57565",null,null,"New Grenada = Bogotá.","Description of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/284/mode/1up","Anabates flammulatus"],["15984","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes holostictus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.542","Striped Treehunter","Striped Treehunter","Striped Treehunter",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from far western Venezuela southward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia through Ecuador (in the western Andes of Ecuador southward to Azuay) to northern Peru (Cajamarca), north of the Río Marañón; from northern Peru (Amazonas), south and east of the Río Marañón, southeastward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702899","strtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strtre1","avibase-719F19A5",null,null,"Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.","Description of two new Species of Birds from the State of Antioquia, U. S. C..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/686/mode/1up","Automolus holostictus"],["15985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes holostictus striatidorsus","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3, no.20 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BAE6224",null,null,"Chaguarpata and Cayandeled, Ecuador.","Deuxième liste des Oiseaux recueillis dans l'Ecuadeur occidental par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/379/mode/1up","Automolus holostictus striatidorsus"],["15986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes holostictus holostictus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9F6BB29",null,null,"Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.","Description of two new Species of Birds from the State of Antioquia, U. S. C..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/686/mode/1up","Automolus holostictus"],["15987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes holostictus moderatus","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Peru (Junín and Cusco) and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFB53AB1",null,null,"Nequejahuira, 8000 feet, Río Unduavi, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Thripadectes holostictus moderatus"],["15988","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes rufobrunneus","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.127","Streak-breasted Treehunter","Streak-breasted Treehunter","Streak-breasted Treehunter",null,null,"central highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702890","stbtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbtre1","avibase-127A8868",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/147/mode/1up","Philydor rufobrunneus"],["15989","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes melanorhynchus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.295","Black-billed Treehunter","Black-billed Treehunter","Black-billed Treehunter",null,null,"montane and foothill cloudforest in the eastern Andes from central Colombia (Boyacá) southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón (Cajamarca), and from northern Peru, south and east of the Río Marañón (Amazonas and San Martin) southeastward to southeastern Peru (Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702896","blbtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtre1","avibase-2BB5C0FD",null,null,"Peru = forest region of Peru between lat. 10° and lat. 12° S., ex Fauna Per., Aves, 1846, p. 241.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/303/mode/1up","Anabates melanorhynchus"],["15990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes melanorhynchus striaticeps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (single record from western Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5A92A05",null,null,"Bogotá.","Descriptions of some new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/75/mode/1up","Automolus striaticeps"],["15991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes melanorhynchus melanorhynchus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador and eastern Peru (southward to Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F84E2C2",null,null,"Peru = forest region of Peru between lat. 10° and lat. 12° S., ex Fauna Per., Aves, 1846, p. 241.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/303/mode/1up","Anabates melanorhynchus"],["15992","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes virgaticeps","Lawrence, 1874","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10 p.398,399","Streak-capped Treehunter","Streak-capped Treehunter","Streak-capped Treehunter",null,null,"montane and foothill cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, in Carabobo eastward to Miranda), in the Sierra de Perijá and in the Andes of western Venezuela southward along the western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia (not in northeastern Colombia) to northern Ecuador (western Chimborazo, in the western Andes, and Tungurahua, in the eastern Andes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702893","stctre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stctre1","avibase-20B65054",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/418/mode/1up","Thripadectes virgaticeps"],["15993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes virgaticeps klagesi","(Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Carabobo to Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36DE3A50",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Über neue und seltene Vögel aus Südperu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/171/mode/1up","Automolus klagesi"],["15994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes virgaticeps tachirensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1958","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (southwestern Lara and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7427F230",null,null,"Río Chiquito, Hacienda La Providencia, Táchira, Venezuela.","Descriptions of two new Venezuelan birds and distributional notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/379/mode/1up","Thripadectes virgaticeps tachirensis"],["15995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes virgaticeps magdalenae","Meyer de Schauensee, 1945","Notulae Naturae no.153 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (subtropical Magdalena Valley in Huila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D01D448D",null,null,"La Candela, 5000 feet, east slope of the Central Andes, Colombia.","Notes on Colombian Antbirds, Ovenbirds and Woodhewers, with the description of a new form from Peru.",null,"Thripadectes virgaticeps magdalenae"],["15996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes virgaticeps sclateri","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Cauca and Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45A88788",null,null,"San Pablo, 4500 feet [Province of Tuquerres, Department of Nariño], Colombia.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/393/mode/1up","Thripadectes sclateri"],["15997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes virgaticeps virgaticeps","Lawrence, 1874","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10 p.398,399",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northwestern Ecuador (southward to Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08DEA31B",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/418/mode/1up","Thripadectes virgaticeps"],["15998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripadectes virgaticeps sumaco","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Ecuador (western Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-753B9EAB",null,null,"Subtropical zone of Mt. Sumaco, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Thripadectes virgaticeps sumaco"],["15999","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.146,173",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sphenura sulphurascens [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/203/mode/1up","Automolus"],["16000","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus melanopezus","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.350 p.61","Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaner","Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaner","Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southeastern Peru, far northwestern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702938","brfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brfgle1","avibase-A1CCBC5B",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/95/mode/1up","Anabates melanopezus"],["16001","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus rufipileatus","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.109,131","Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner","Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner","Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"riparian and varzea forest, Gynerium thickets and bamboo stands along the foothills of the Andes of western Venezuela southward to eastern Colombia, where also descends to the Amazon lowlands, and southward across Ecuador and Peru to northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, in Acre; also in southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northern Brazil and the eastern Amazon of Brazil, in Pará, eastern Amazonas, eastward to westernmost Maranhão and Tocantins, and southward to northern Mato Grosso and Rondônia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702946","ccfgle2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ccfgle2","avibase-BB4AD3F2",null,null,"Pará.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/125/mode/1up","Anabates rufipileatus"],["16002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus rufipileatus consobrinus","(Sclater, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-147C22AE",null,null,"Bogotá.","Notices of some new or little-known Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/402/mode/1up","Philydor consobrinus"],["16003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus rufipileatus rufipileatus","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.109,131",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4A12A04",null,null,"Pará.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/125/mode/1up","Anabates rufipileatus"],["16004","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus infuscatus","(Sclater, 1856)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.468","Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner","Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner","Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Río Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern and central Venezuela, the Guianas and northeasternmost Brazil (Amapá) southwestward to the western Amazon in Brazil, eastward to the Rio Negro region (Amazonas, northern Rondônia and Acre), Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, southward to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733651","obfgle3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obfgle3","avibase-70B85047",null,null,"eastern Peru.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/510/mode/1up","Anabates infuscatus"],["16005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus infuscatus infuscatus","(Sclater, 1856)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7124A8D",null,null,"eastern Peru.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/510/mode/1up","Anabates infuscatus"],["16006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus infuscatus badius","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.785 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (east and north of the Amazon River, to lower Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1642A34A",null,null,"Playa del Río Base, 550 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 17, Notes on the genera Syndactyla, Anabacerthia, Philydor, and Automolus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4518/","Automolus infuscatus badius"],["16007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus infuscatus cervicalis","(Sclater, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to Guyana, Suriname, and Brazil (north of the Amazon River, lower Rio Negro eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74C88FBD",null,null,"Bartica Grove and Camacusa, British Guiana.","On some new Species and Genera of Birds of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/63/mode/1up","Philydor cervicalis"],["16008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus infuscatus purusianus","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus to Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83B02D07",null,null,"Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Critical remarks on the Oven-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/56/mode/1up","Automolus infuscatus purusianus"],["16009","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus paraensis","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.61,note","Para Foliage-gleaner","Para Foliage-gleaner","Para Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tocantins)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731952","parfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parfog1","avibase-B5A44D0A",null,null,"Benevides, near Belém, Pará, Brazil.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/81/mode/1up","Automolus sclateri paraensis"],["16010","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus lammi","Zimmer, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.100","Pernambuco Foliage-gleaner","Pernambuco Foliage-gleaner","Pernambuco Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"eastern Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736232","perfog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perfog1","avibase-04790B6B",null,null,"Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.","New birds from Pernambuco, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/110/mode/1up","Automolus leucophthalmus lammi"],["16011","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus leucophthalmus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.141, note","White-eyed Foliage-gleaner","White-eyed Foliage-gleaner","White-eyed Foliage-gleaner",null,null,"humid forest in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado regions of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia southward to northernmost Rio Grande do Sul and southwestward to Goiás and southern Mato Grosso, eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61789630","wefgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wefgle1","avibase-BD05FA71",null,null,"Rio do Cachoeira, Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/549/mode/1up","Anabates leucophthalmus"],["16012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus leucophthalmus leucophthalmus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.141, note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1BF0465",null,null,"Rio do Cachoeira, Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/549/mode/1up","Anabates leucophthalmus"],["16013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus leucophthalmus sulphurascens","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (southeastern Mato Grosso) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCA7C970",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/61/mode/1up","Sphenura sulphurascens"],["16014","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus subulatus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.82, pl.83, f.1","Eastern Woodhaunter","Eastern Woodhaunter","Amazonian Woodhaunter","2025-0723","Taxon <em>virgatus </em>(polytypic, including <em>nicaraguae</em>, <em>assimilis</em>, and <em>cordobae</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Automolus subulatus</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016tt), supported by differences in plumage, divergence in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Claramunt et al. 2013; Schultz et al. 2017; Harvey et al. 2020), and evidence of song discrimination (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017).","tropical rainforest in the upper Orinoco and Amazon basins, from southern Venezuela southwestward to central and western Amazon of Brazil (from eastern Pará and southward to northern Mato Grosso and Rondônia), and from southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern Bolivia (southward to northern La Paz and adjacent Beni)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103672218","strwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwoo4","avibase-E9BB1550",null,null,"Amazon River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/102/mode/1up","Sphenura subulata"],["16015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus subulatus lemae","(Phelps & Phelps, 1960)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 73 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55FABE25",null,null,"Sierra de Lema, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","A new subspecies of Furnariidae from Venezuela and extensions of ranges.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/229/mode/1up","Hyloctistes subulatus lemae"],["16016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus subulatus subulatus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.82, pl.83, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (eastward to the Rio Negro and, south of the Amazon River, to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A1A7599",null,null,"Amazon River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/102/mode/1up","Sphenura subulata"],["16017","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus virgatus","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.468","Western Woodhaunter","Western Woodhaunter","Western Woodhaunter","2025-0723","Taxon <em>virgatus </em>(polytypic, including <em>nicaraguae</em>, <em>assimilis</em>, and <em>cordobae</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Automolus subulatus</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016tt), supported by differences in plumage, divergence in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Claramunt et al. 2013; Schultz et al. 2017; Harvey et al. 2020), and evidence of song discrimination (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017).","humid forest of lowlands and foothills of southern Central America, southward from northeastern Honduras (where rare and local), on both slopes of Costa Rica, and Caribbean slope of Panama through much of central and western Colombia, thence west of the Andes to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103672251","strwoo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwoo5","avibase-BD6ADDF5",null,null,"Angostura, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/488/mode/1up","Philydor virgatus"],["16018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus virgatus nicaraguae","(Miller & Griscom, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD78D135",null,null,"Río Grande, Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Hyloctistes virgatus nicaraguae"],["16019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus virgatus virgatus","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4C751F0",null,null,"Angostura, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/488/mode/1up","Philydor virgatus"],["16020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus virgatus assimilis","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.561",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Darién) to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C3D4ADA",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/693/mode/1up","Automolus assimilis"],["16021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus virgatus cordobae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1960)","Notulae Naturae 332 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F44B7F1",null,null,"Cerro Mucurucucú, Córdoba, Colombia.","A new race of Hyloctistes subulatus (Furnariidae) from Colombia.",null,"Hyloctistes subulatus cordobae"],["16022","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus ochrolaemus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.295","Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaner","Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaner","Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaner","2025-0734","The <em>Automolus ochrolaemus</em> complex is treated as three species based on genetics, supported by vocalizations: monotypic <em>A. exsertus; </em>polytypic<em> A. cervinigularis</em> (including <em>hypophaeus</em>); and polytypic <em>A. ochrolaemus</em> (all other subspecies). Although <em>A. exsertus</em> has sometimes been recognized based on vocal discrimination experiments with allopatric <em>hypophaeus </em>(Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017), a comprehensive analysis of vocalizations in this complex is lacking. Mitochondrial DNA data (Smith et al. 2014) recovered <em>exsertus </em>as a deeply diverged sister lineage to a clade composed of other Middle American taxa (<em>cervinigularis </em>and <em>hypophaeus</em>), and both are deeply diverged from other members of the <em>A. ochrolaemus</em> complex, supporting a three-way split.","tropical rainforest from eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia southward along the Pacific lowlands to west-central Ecuador and southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Tolima); widespread east of the Andes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from central and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to Amazonia in eastern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and central Bolivia (in western Santa Cruz), and in Brazil (eastward to Amapá and central-east Pará, southward to eastern Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232777230","btfgle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btfgle1","avibase-9E699193",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/303/mode/1up","Anabates ochrolaemus"],["16023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus ochrolaemus pallidigularis","Lawrence, 1862","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97D771E5",null,null,"Panama Railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/497/mode/1up","Automolus pallidigularis"],["16024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus ochrolaemus turdinus","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.110,131",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern and western Amazon basin (north of Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-465DB7E5",null,null,"Borba on the Rio Madeira and Barra do Rio Negro [= Manaus], Brazil; restricted to Manaus by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 220.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/126/mode/1up","Anabates turdinus"],["16025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus ochrolaemus ochrolaemus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-814230A3",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/303/mode/1up","Anabates ochrolaemus"],["16026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus ochrolaemus auricularis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.785 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Bolivia (Río Beni) and western Brazil (Rio Purus to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9608247D",null,null,"Caxiricatuba, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 17, Notes on the genera Syndactyla, Anabacerthia, Philydor, and Automolus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4518/","Automolus ochrolaemus auricularis"],["16027","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus exsertus","Bangs, 1901","The Auk 18, no.4 p.367","Chiriqui Foliage-gleaner","Chiriqui Foliage-gleaner","Chiriqui Foliage-gleaner","2025-0734","The <em>Automolus ochrolaemus</em> complex is treated as three species based on genetics, supported by vocalizations: monotypic <em>A. exsertus; </em>polytypic<em> A. cervinigularis</em> (including <em>hypophaeus</em>); and polytypic <em>A. ochrolaemus</em> (all other subspecies). Although <em>A. exsertus</em> has sometimes been recognized based on vocal discrimination experiments with allopatric <em>hypophaeus </em>(Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017), a comprehensive analysis of vocalizations in this complex is lacking. Mitochondrial DNA data (Smith et al. 2014) recovered <em>exsertus </em>as a deeply diverged sister lineage to a clade composed of other Middle American taxa (<em>cervinigularis </em>and <em>hypophaeus</em>), and both are deeply diverged from other members of the <em>A. ochrolaemus</em> complex, supporting a three-way split.","Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica to western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232777577","butfog4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butfog4","avibase-3083EA83",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí.","On a collection of birds made by W. W. Brown, Jr., at David and Divala, Chiriqui.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss4/5/","Automolus exsertus"],["16028","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus cervinigularis","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.288","Fawn-throated Foliage-gleaner","Fawn-throated Foliage-gleaner","Fawn-throated Foliage-gleaner","2025-0734","The <em>Automolus ochrolaemus</em> complex is treated as three species based on genetics, supported by vocalizations: monotypic <em>A. exsertus; </em>polytypic<em> A. cervinigularis</em> (including <em>hypophaeus</em>); and polytypic <em>A. ochrolaemus</em> (all other subspecies). Although <em>A. exsertus</em> has sometimes been recognized based on vocal discrimination experiments with allopatric <em>hypophaeus </em>(Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017), a comprehensive analysis of vocalizations in this complex is lacking. Mitochondrial DNA data (Smith et al. 2014) recovered <em>exsertus </em>as a deeply diverged sister lineage to a clade composed of other Middle American taxa (<em>cervinigularis </em>and <em>hypophaeus</em>), and both are deeply diverged from other members of the <em>A. ochrolaemus</em> complex, supporting a three-way split.","forest to plantations of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) through Mexico, including the southern Yucatan Peninsula in east-central Campeche, Peten (northern Guatemala), and Belize, through northwestern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/244681681","butfog9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butfog9","avibase-82B02D55",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/346/mode/1up","Anabates cervinigularis"],["16029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus cervinigularis cervinigularis","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D51B159A",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/346/mode/1up","Anabates cervinigularis"],["16030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Automolus cervinigularis hypophaeus","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Nicaragua to northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4045729",null,null,"Río Reventazon at Guayabo Station, Costa Rica.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/96/mode/1up","Automolus cervinigularis hypophaeus"],["16031","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Tarphonomus","Chesser & Brumfield, 2007","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 120, no.3 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates certhioides [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838]; type by original designation",null,"Tarphonomus, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae) from South America.","https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1582&context=biosci_pubs","Tarphonomus"],["16032","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Tarphonomus harterti","(Berlepsch, 1892)","Bericht über die 17. Jahresversammlung der Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft 1892 p.10","Bolivian Earthcreeper","Bolivian Earthcreeper","Bolivian Earthcreeper",null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia (Cochabamba, western Santa Cruz, and Chuquisaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702012","bolear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bolear1","avibase-10406C28",null,null,"Trigal and Valle Grande [Cochabamba], Bolivia.","[Neue südamerikanische Vogelarten].",null,"Upucerthia harterti"],["16033","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Tarphonomus certhioides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.15","Chaco Earthcreeper","Chaco Earthcreeper","Chaco Earthcreeper",null,null,"Chaco of southeastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern to central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702023","chaear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaear1","avibase-03C1B264",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/189/mode/1up","Anabates certhioides"],["16034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Tarphonomus certhioides luscinia","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of western Argentina (La Rioja and Mendoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBD92CBC",null,null,"middle and western region of Argentina; types from Mendoza.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/261/mode/1up","Ochetorhynchus Luscinia"],["16035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Tarphonomus certhioides estebani","(Wetmore & Peters, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of southeastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and adjacent northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A5B7F2F",null,null,"Leaks Bajo, 700 meters, Tucumin.","Remarks on the genus Ochetorhynchus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/114/mode/1up","Ochetorhynchus certhioides estebani"],["16036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Tarphonomus certhioides certhioides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of northern and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FD39302",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/189/mode/1up","Anabates certhioides"],["16037","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnornis","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Margarornis guttata [Lawrence, 1867]; type by original designation and monotypy = Thripophaga guttuligera P.L. Sclater, 1864  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/95/mode/1up","Premnornis"],["16038","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnornis guttuliger","(Sclater, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.167","Rusty-winged Barbtail","Rusty-winged Barbtail","Rusty-winged Barbtail",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from far western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador and along the eastern Andes to far southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702698","ruwbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwbar1","avibase-039C6E39",null,null,"interior of Colombia = Bogotá.","On Two New Species of Birds from New Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/221/mode/1up","Thripophaga guttuligera"],["16039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnornis guttuliger venezuelanus","Phelps & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far northwestern Venezuela (southwestern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E2231EA",null,null,"Río Chiquito, Hacienda La Providencia, Táchira, Venezuela.","Five new birds from Rio Chiquito, Tachira, Venezuela and two extensions of ranges from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/384/mode/1up","Premnornis guttuligera venezuelana"],["16040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Premnornis guttuliger guttuliger","(Sclater, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27A86622",null,null,"interior of Colombia = Bogotá.","On Two New Species of Birds from New Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/221/mode/1up","Thripophaga guttuligera"],["16041","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.209, 148 (tab.)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates auritus [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 28).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/239/mode/1up","Pseudocolaptes"],["16042","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes lawrencii","Ridgway, 1878","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.39 p.253,254","Buffy Tuftedcheek","Buffy Tuftedcheek","Buffy Tuftedcheek","2025-0722","Taxon <em>johnsoni</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pseudocolaptes lawrencii</em> based on genetics, supported by plumage and vocalizations. Analyses based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Forcina et al. 2021) and genome-wide data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that <em>P. johnsoni </em>forms an unresolved polytomy with <em>P. boissonneautii </em>and <em>P. lawrencii,</em> while vocal differences (Boesman 2016rr), together with some evidence of song discrimination (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017) provide additional support for this split.","highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702746","buftuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buftuf1","avibase-74CEB92D",null,null,"La Palma and Navarro, 3500-5000 feet, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/277/mode/1up","Pseudocolaptes lawrencii"],["16043","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes johnsoni","Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922","Arkiv för Zoologi 14 no.25 p.69","Pacific Tuftedcheek","Pacific Tuftedcheek","Pacific Tuftedcheek","2025-0722","Taxon <em>johnsoni</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pseudocolaptes lawrencii</em> based on genetics, supported by plumage and vocalizations. Analyses based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Forcina et al. 2021) and genome-wide data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that <em>P. johnsoni </em>forms an unresolved polytomy with <em>P. boissonneautii </em>and <em>P. lawrencii,</em> while vocal differences (Boesman 2016rr), together with some evidence of song discrimination (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017) provide additional support for this split.","west slope of western Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728530","buftuf3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buftuf3","avibase-399DC574",null,null,"Baeza, road to Napo, 6000 feet, Ecuador. 1","A contribution to the ornithology of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30164#page/969/mode/1up","Pseudocolaptes johnsoni"],["16044","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.104","Streaked Tuftedcheek","Streaked Tuftedcheek","Streaked Tuftedcheek","2025-N035","<em>Pseudocolaptes boissonneauii</em> has also been used. The spelling <em>boissonneautii </em>is the original spelling, and there is no reason to invoke that this was an inadvertent error. The additional letter T may either stem from a Latinization of the name Boissonneau into Boissonneautius, or it may reflect the frequent French usage of T as a sliding consonant between two vowels. The original author was French and should be granted the right to form the name as he pleased.","deciduous woodland and Chaco scrub from southeastern Bolivia and western Paraguay southward across interior Argentina to southern Buenos Aires, Río Negro, and Mendoza; locally in far southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702751","strtuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strtuf1","avibase-0898B91B",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/114/mode/1up","Anabates Boissonneautii"],["16045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 76A, Heft5 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-700863FB",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47529#page/113/mode/1up","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps"],["16046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii meridae","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Táchira, Mérida, and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD1D84F7",null,null,"El Valle, Mérida, Venezuela.","Further notes on South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/569/mode/1up","Pseudocolaptes boisonneautii meridae"],["16047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii boissonneautii","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F83A09B3",null,null,"Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/114/mode/1up","Anabates Boissonneautii"],["16048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii oberholseri","Cory, 1919","The Auk 36, no.2 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77507827",null,null,"Quito, Ecuador.","New forms of South American Birds and proposed new subgenera.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss2/15/","Pseudocolaptes boissoneautii oberholseri"],["16049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii intermedianus","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9167DFAE",null,null,"El Tambo, 9400 feet, Western Andes, Piura, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti intermedianus"],["16050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianus","Hellmayr, 1919","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5051072E",null,null,"Leymebamba, 10,000 feet, Amazonas, Peru.","Auszug aus dem Bericht über die am 7. Februar 1919 im Hotel Bamberger Hof abgehaltene Mitgliederversammlung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/15/mode/1up","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianns"],["16051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii auritus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco, Cusco, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2113BFF",null,null,"Peru; Maraynioc suggested as type locality by Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/302/mode/1up","Anabates auritus"],["16052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii carabayae","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.862 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-460F3B89",null,null,"'Camp 1,' below Limbani, southeastern Perú","Studies of Peruvian birds. 21, Notes on the genera Pseudocolaptes, Hyloctistes, Hylocryptus, Thripadectes, and Xenops.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3954/","Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii carabayae"],["16053","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lochmias squamulata [Swainson, 1836]; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1836, Orn. Draw., pt. 3, pl. 38). = Myiothera nematura M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/383/mode/1up","Lochmias"],["16054","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias nematura","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.43","Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper","Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper","Streamcreeper",null,null,"rivers and streams in montane forest in the mountains of far eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, and in the western (southward to Valle del Cauca), central (except northern), and eastern Andes of Colombia, from Cundinamarca southward across eastern Andes of Ecuador and Peru to southern Bolivia and adjacent northwestern Argentina; in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela in Yaracuy eastward to Aragua), and in the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana; also in interior and eastern Brazil from Tocantins and central Bahia southward to Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones), and westward in Brazil to southern Mato Grosso and northern Mato Grosso do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702732","shtstr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtstr1","avibase-79B462A5",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/63/mode/1up","Myiothera nematura"],["16055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias nematura nelsoni","Aldrich, 1945","The Auk 62, no.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Cerros Pirre, Malí and Quía, Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4C1D7A6",null,null,"Mt. Pirri, 4500 feet, near head of Río Limon, eastern Panama.","Notes on Panamanian birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol62/iss1/9/","Lochmias nematura nelsoni"],["16056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias nematura chimantae","Phelps & Phelps, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"tepui region of southeastern Venezuela (southern Amazonas and Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE392958",null,null,"Cerro Chimanta-tepui, 1850 meters, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Ten new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/158/mode/1up","Lochmias nematura chimantae"],["16057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias nematura castanonotus","Chubb, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (Cerro Cuquenán and Mt. Roraima); sight records from adjacent western Guyana (Potaro Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC29C984",null,null,"Araparu River in the Kukenam Mts., 5000 feet, British Guiana, i.e. Venezuela.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/113/mode/1up","Lochmias nematura castanonota"],["16058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias nematura sororius","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.511",null,null,null,null,null,"Coastal Range of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy eastward to Distrito Federal), and Andes from Colombia (Valle and Cauca in western range, west slope in Cauca in central, and southward from Cundinamarca in eastern range) southward to northern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A6CE7C2",null,null,"Venezuela = vicinity of Caracas, fide Hellmayr.","On some Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. James M. Spence.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/625/mode/1up","Lochmias sororia"],["16059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias nematura obscuratus","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from central Peru (Huánuco) southward to northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E818EEF9",null,null,"Monterico [Ayacucho], Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/77/mode/1up","Lochmias obscurata"],["16060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Lochmias nematura nematura","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"interior and southeastern Brazil (from southern Mato Grosso, southern Goiás, Minas Gerais, southern Bahia, and Espírito Santo), eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (southward to Entre Ríos), and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0986C06",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/63/mode/1up","Myiothera nematura"],["16061","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Limnornis","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt3 p.80 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Limnornis curvirostris [Gould, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 17).",null,null,null,"Limnornis"],["16062","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Limnornis curvirostris","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.81 pl.25","Curve-billed Reedhaunter","Curve-billed Reedhaunter","Curve-billed Reedhaunter",null,null,"far southern Brazil to southern Uruguay and eastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702649","cubree1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubree1","avibase-1BD9ECB6",null,null,"Maldonado, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/197/mode/1up","Limnornis curvirostris"],["16063","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phleocryptes","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia melanops [Vieillot, 1817]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 33).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/34/mode/1up","Phleocryptes"],["16064","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phleocryptes melanops","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.232","Wren-like Rushbird","Wren-like Rushbird","Wren-like Rushbird",null,null,"rushes in freshwater marshes from northwestern Peru (Piura) southward to southeastern Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and northern Chile; from western Paraguay (where seasonal) and southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) southward across Uruguay and most Argentina and central Chile southward to southern Santa Cruz and adjacent Chile, near Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702646","wrlrus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrlrus1","avibase-769104DC",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/248/mode/1up","Sylvia melanops"],["16065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phleocryptes melanops brunnescens","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Peru (Trujillo to Pisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB5F8059",null,null,"Chorillos, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Phleocryptes melanops brunnescens"],["16066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phleocryptes melanops schoenobaenus","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Peru, western Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C634F385",null,null,"Lake Titicaca, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/34/mode/1up","Phleocryptes schoenobaenus"],["16067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phleocryptes melanops loaensis","Philippi Bañados & Goodall, 1946","Las Aves de Chile: Su conocimiento y sus costumbres 1 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9A723E4",null,null,"Chacance, junction of the Río San Salvador with the Río Loa, lat. 22° 24' S., long. 69° 32' W., 1204 meters, Dept. Tocopilla, Chile.",null,null,"Phleocryptes melanops loaensis"],["16068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phleocryptes melanops melanops","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to central Chile, central Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22C068CA",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/248/mode/1up","Sylvia melanops"],["16069","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merops rufus [J.F. Gmelin, 1788]; type by monotypy = Merops rufus J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f53.item","Furnarius"],["16070","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius cristatus","Burmeister, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.495","Crested Hornero","Crested Hornero","Crested Hornero",null,null,"Chaco of southeastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702147","crehor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crehor1","avibase-DAE4E979",null,null,"Sierra de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/523/mode/1up","Furnarius cristatus"],["16071","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius minor","Pelzeln, 1858","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 31 p.321","Lesser Hornero","Lesser Hornero","Lesser Hornero",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil, southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702128","leshor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leshor1","avibase-9CC0B18F",null,null,"Rio Madeira, below the mouth of the Rio Mahissy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30227#page/357/mode/1up","Furnarius (Opetiorhynchus) minor"],["16072","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius rufus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.465","Rufous Hornero","Rufous Hornero","Rufous Hornero",null,null,"open areas and secondary scrub in northeastern Brazil (from southeastern Pará, southern Maranhão, and Pernambuco), southward across the Atlantic Forest and interior Brazil to south-central Argentina (northern Chubut and Río Negro), and westward in central Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) to central Bolivia (west to eastern La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702144","rufhor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufhor2","avibase-833CB552",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/477/mode/1up","Merops rufus"],["16073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius rufus commersoni","Pelzeln, 1868","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.35,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia, southwestern Brazil, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2092EFA0",null,null,"Minas, Tenente Borges, Araguay and Cuiaba; restricted to Cuiabi by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 17.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/44/mode/1up","Furnarius Commersoni"],["16074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius rufus paraguayae","Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.27 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D531B88F",null,null,"Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4595/","Furnarius rufus paraguayae"],["16075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius rufus rufus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil and Uruguay to central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24C8F3AB",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/477/mode/1up","Merops rufus"],["16076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius rufus albogularis","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.76, pl.78, f.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Goiás and Bahia to São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBE18B1B",null,null,"Rio Verde [near Campanha], Minas Gerais.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/96/mode/1up","Figulus albogularis"],["16077","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius figulus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.40","Band-tailed Hornero","Wing-banded Hornero","Wing-banded Hornero",null,null,"riparian woodland, scrub and open-areas in the lower Amazon basin from eastern Amazonas eastward to central Pará and southward along the Rio Araguaia to northern Goiás and eastern Mato Grosso; also in eastern Brazil from northern Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará southward to coastal Paraná and Santa Catarina, and inland to western São Paulo and adjacent Mato Grosso do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702131","wibhor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wibhor1","avibase-F733C728",null,null,"Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/60/mode/1up","Turdus figulus"],["16078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius figulus pileatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Amazonian Brazil from eastern Amazonas eastward to central Pará and northwestern Goiás (upper Rio Araguaia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8D0E505",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","On the Collection of Birds made by Prof. Steere in South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/203/mode/1up","Furnarius pileatus"],["16079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius figulus figulus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (south to Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8422AB1",null,null,"Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/60/mode/1up","Turdus figulus"],["16080","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius longirostris","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.158 pl.2 fig.2","Caribbean Hornero","Caribbean Hornero","Caribbean Hornero","2025-0730","Three species are recognized in the <em>Furnarius leucopus</em> complex based on a combination of vocalizations, morphology (including plumage and iris color), supported, in part, by genetic data: polytypic <em>F. leucopus; </em>monotypic <em>F. cinnamomeus; </em>and polytypic <em>F. longirostris</em> (including <em>endoecus</em>). Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that the <em>Furnarius leucopus sensu lato</em> complex is paraphyletic with respect to <em>F. torridus</em>, supporting the split of <em>cinnamomeus</em>, however, this study did not include samples of <em>longirostris/endoecus</em>. Evidence of genetic and vocal divergence within the polytypic <em>leucopus sensu stricto</em> clade (Boesman 2016ss; Harvey et al. 2020) suggest that further splits may be warranted.","open areas and secondary scrub in the lowlands of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (eastward to Yaracuy and Carabobo), west to the Gulf of Uraba region (Córdoba, northern Antioquia, and Chocó), and southward along the Magdalena Valley (to Tolima and northern Huila)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670838","palhor5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palhor5","avibase-F335951B",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/172/mode/1up","Furnarius longirostris"],["16081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius longirostris longirostris","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.158 pl.2 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62FD9056",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/172/mode/1up","Furnarius longirostris"],["16082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius longirostris endoecus","Cory, 1919","The Auk 36, no.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Magdalena Valley) and western Venezuela (southern Zulia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2879F9CD",null,null,"Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from South America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss1/10/","Furnarius agnatus endoecus"],["16083","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius cinnamomeus","(Lesson, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.433","Pacific Hornero","Pacific Hornero","Pacific Hornero","2025-0730","Three species are recognized in the <em>Furnarius leucopus</em> complex based on a combination of vocalizations, morphology (including plumage and iris color), supported, in part, by genetic data: polytypic <em>F. leucopus; </em>monotypic <em>F. cinnamomeus; </em>and polytypic <em>F. longirostris</em> (including <em>endoecus</em>). Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that the <em>Furnarius leucopus sensu lato</em> complex is paraphyletic with respect to <em>F. torridus</em>, supporting the split of <em>cinnamomeus</em>, however, this study did not include samples of <em>longirostris/endoecus</em>. Evidence of genetic and vocal divergence within the polytypic <em>leucopus sensu stricto</em> clade (Boesman 2016ss; Harvey et al. 2020) suggest that further splits may be warranted.","far southwestern Colombia (Nariño), western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670862","palhor4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palhor4","avibase-09CA444F",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/441/mode/1up","Picolaptes cinnamomeus"],["16084","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius torridus","Sclater & Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.183","Bay Hornero","Pale-billed Hornero","Pale-billed Hornero",null,null,"along the Amazon River (southern Colombia, northeastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702140","pabhor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabhor2","avibase-2D43DA6A",null,null,"Río Ucayali, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/241/mode/1up","Furnarius torridus"],["16085","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius leucopus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.325 fig.67a no.133","Pale-legged Hornero","Pale-legged Hornero","Pale-legged Hornero","2025-0730","Three species are recognized in the <em>Furnarius leucopus</em> complex based on a combination of vocalizations, morphology (including plumage and iris color), supported, in part, by genetic data: polytypic <em>F. leucopus; </em>monotypic <em>F. cinnamomeus; </em>and polytypic <em>F. longirostris</em> (including <em>endoecus</em>). Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) indicate that the <em>Furnarius leucopus sensu lato</em> complex is paraphyletic with respect to <em>F. torridus</em>, supporting the split of <em>cinnamomeus</em>, however, this study did not include samples of <em>longirostris/endoecus</em>. Evidence of genetic and vocal divergence within the polytypic <em>leucopus sensu stricto</em> clade (Boesman 2016ss; Harvey et al. 2020) suggest that further splits may be warranted.","open and semi-open areas, gallery forest and woodland, riparian scrub, and grassy fields from northern Brazil (Roraima) and adjacent Guyana southwestward across western Brazil (western Amazonas, Acre, and adjacent Rondônia) to far southeastern Colombia, eastern Peru and far southeastern Ecuador; to northern Bolivia, south-central Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), adjacent Paraguay, northeastward to eastern Brazil (to northern Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará, and southward to Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670881","palhor3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palhor3","avibase-71B6E38F",null,null,"Guiana i.e. British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/337/mode/1up","Furnarius leucopus"],["16086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius leucopus leucopus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.325 fig.67a no.133",null,null,null,null,null,"interior southwestern Guyana and adjacent northern Brazil (along the Rio Negro and Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1561502",null,null,"Guiana i.e. British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/337/mode/1up","Furnarius leucopus"],["16087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius leucopus tricolor","Giebel, 1868","Zeitschrift für die gesammten Naturwissenschaften 31 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Peru, adjacent southeastern Ecuador (Morona-Santiago), western Brazil (east to western Pará and Mato Grosso), and Bolivia (south to Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-209CCC1C",null,null,"Bolivia; type from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, fide Hellmayr, 1925, p. 21.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97783#page/27/mode/1up","Furnarius tricolor"],["16088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius leucopus araguaiae","Pinto & Camargo, 1952","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 10(11) p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Brazil (eastern Mato Grosso and western Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAB3AAD8",null,null,"Dumbá, margen izquierda del Rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil.","Nova contribuição à ornitologia do Rio das Mortes. Restulados do Expedição conjunta de Instituta Bantantan e Departamentida Zoologica.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208534","Furnarius leucopus araguaiae"],["16089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Furnarius leucopus assimilis","Cabanis & Heine, 1860","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Brazil to far southeastern Bolivia (southeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63EC2F4A",null,null,"Brazil; Baia suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196137#page/30/mode/1up","Furnarius assimilis"],["16090","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geocerthia","Chesser & Claramunt, 2009","Zootaxa 2213 (2009) 64-68.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Upucerthia serrana [Taczanowski, 1875]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae).",null,"Geocerthia"],["16091","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geocerthia serrana","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.525","Striated Earthcreeper","Striated Earthcreeper","Striated Earthcreeper",null,null,"tall puna grassland, arid montane scrub and Polylepis woodland in the Andes from northern Peru (Cajamarca) southward to southern Peru (northeastern Ayacucho)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702054","strear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strear1","avibase-C9BE0C1B",null,null,"Junín and Acancocha, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/683/mode/1up","Upucerthia serrana"],["16092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geocerthia serrana serrana","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.525",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Cajamarca to Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF2D8CA5",null,null,"Junín and Acancocha, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/683/mode/1up","Upucerthia serrana"],["16093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Geocerthia serrana huancavelicae","(Morrison, 1938)","Ibis ser.14, vol.2, no.4 p.774",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Huancavelica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15F98417",null,null,"Lachocc, 13,650 feet, Huancavelica, Peru.","Three new Birds from the Departement of Huancavelica, Central Peru.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1938.tb00216.x","Upucerthia serrana huancavelicae"],["16094","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 1 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Upucerthia dumetaria [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103417#page/439/mode/1up","Upucerthia"],["16095","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia validirostris","(Burmeister, 1861)","Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die physische Beschaffenheit und den Culturzustand der Argentinischen Republik. Ausgeführt in 1857, 1858, 1859 und 1860 2 p.464","Buff-breasted Earthcreeper","Buff-breasted Earthcreeper","Buff-breasted Earthcreeper",null,null,"puna grassland, arid montane scrub and woodland, gravelly streams in the Andes from northern Peru (La Libertad) southward across Bolivia and far northeastern Chile to northwestern Argentina, southward to Catamarca and patchily further southward to La Rioja and Mendoza; also isolated in the sierras of Córdoba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103670909","bubear2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubear2","avibase-6A152726",null,null,"Sierra de Mendoza.",null,null,"Ochetorhynchus validirostris"],["16096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia validirostris saturata","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of central Peru (Ancash, Huánuco, and northwestern Pasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCCB222F",null,null,"Yanac, 13,000 feet, Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Upucerthia validirostris saturata"],["16097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia validirostris jelskii","(Cabanis, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from central Peru (Lima) southward to northern Chile, western Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-246BF4FA",null,null,"Junín, Peru.","[Über mannichfache interessante Vögel der peruanischen Ornis, die von Herrn C. Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/110/mode/1up","Coprotretis jelskii"],["16098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia validirostris validirostris","(Burmeister, 1861)","Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die physische Beschaffenheit und den Culturzustand der Argentinischen Republik. Ausgeführt in 1857, 1858, 1859 und 1860 2 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Salta southward to northern Mendoza and western Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3DA2064",null,null,"Sierra de Mendoza.",null,null,"Ochetorhynchus validirostris"],["16099","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia saturatior","Scott, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.63","Patagonian Forest Earthcreeper","Patagonian Forest Earthcreeper","Forest Earthcreeper",null,null,"central Chile and southwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736295","pafear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pafear1","avibase-F96ED2B2",null,null,"Central Chile.","[Description of apparently new or hitherto undetected species of birds from South America].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/95/mode/1up","Upucerthia saturatior"],["16100","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia albigula","Hellmayr, 1932","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 19 p.168","White-throated Earthcreeper","White-throated Earthcreeper","White-throated Earthcreeper",null,null,"west slope of Andes of southwestern Peru and far northern Chile (Arica)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702068","whtear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtear1","avibase-4CF68B8B",null,null,"Putre, 11,600 feet (type), Chile and Palca, Tacna, Peru","The Birds of Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20866#page/176/mode/1up","Upucerthia albigula"],["16101","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia dumetaria","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 1 p.394","Scale-throated Earthcreeper","Scale-throated Earthcreeper","Scale-throated Earthcreeper",null,null,"arid scrub, puna grassland, shrub-steppe, and rocky grassland in the Andes of far southeastern Peru (Puno) southward across the altiplano of Bolivia and northern Chile to the Andes of western Argentina and Chile, and southward across Patagonia to Tierra del Fuego; non-breeding migration from southern Argentina northward to the pampas of northern and northeastern Argentina and adjacent Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736290","sctear1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctear1","avibase-136B6881",null,null,"Patagonia = banks of the Río Negro, Argentina.","Considérations sur les caractères employés en ornithologie pour la distinction des genres, des familles et des ordres, et détermination de plusieurs genres nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103417#page/440/mode/1up","Upucerthia Dumetaria"],["16102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia dumetaria peruana","Zimmer, 1954","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C394E75",null,null,"15 millas al este de Juliaca, Puno, Perú.","A new subspecies of Upucerthia dumetaria (Family Furnariidae) from Peru. --","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796#page/213/mode/1up","Upucerthia dumetaria peruana"],["16103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia dumetaria hypoleuca","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.214, pl.DLXII b, pl.DCVII, f.4072",null,null,null,null,null,"western Bolivia, central Chile, and western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED72686F",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/244/mode/1up","Upucerthia hypoleuca"],["16104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 1 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile and southern and central Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FBB8C7B",null,null,"Patagonia = banks of the Río Negro, Argentina.","Considérations sur les caractères employés en ornithologie pour la distinction des genres, des familles et des ordres, et détermination de plusieurs genres nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103417#page/440/mode/1up","Upucerthia Dumetaria"],["16105","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla patagonica [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 26).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/30/mode/1up","Cinclodes"],["16106","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes aricomae","(Carriker, 1932)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 84 p.1","Royal Cinclodes","Royal Cinclodes","Royal Cinclodes",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru and far western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724402","roycin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roycin1","avibase-950936C6",null,null,"Aricoma Pass, 15,000 feet, Carabaya, Department of Puno, Peru.","Additional new Birds from Peru, with a synopsis of the races of Hylophylax naevia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064121","Upucerthia aricomae"],["16107","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes excelsior","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.77","Stout-billed Cinclodes","Stout-billed Cinclodes","Stout-billed Cinclodes",null,null,"dry to humid grassy and rocky paramo and adjacent montane scrub, bogs, meadows and Polylepis woodland in the northern part of the central Andes of Colombia, in Caldas, Risaralda, and Tolima, and from southern Colombia southward to southern Ecuador, in northern Loja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702095","stbcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbcin1","avibase-5CD6A77B",null,null,"Mt. Chimborazo, 14,000 feet, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Quito, and during Excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/113/mode/1up","Cinclodes excelsior"],["16108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes excelsior columbianus","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Nevado de Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EA78F29",null,null,"Páramo de Santa Isabel, 12,700 feet, Central Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Upucerthia excelsior columbiana"],["16109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes excelsior excelsior","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC4AE35A",null,null,"Mt. Chimborazo, 14,000 feet, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Quito, and during Excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/113/mode/1up","Cinclodes excelsior"],["16110","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes pabsti","Sick, 1969","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 6 p.64","Long-tailed Cinclodes","Long-tailed Cinclodes","Long-tailed Cinclodes",null,null,"montane savanna with rocky outcrops and temperate grassland often near water in the highlands of southeastern Brazil, in Paraná and northern Rio Grande do Sul",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702085","lotcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotcin1","avibase-A6DCC8E9",null,null,"Entre Tainhas y Taimbezinho, nordeste de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.","Über einige Töpfervögel (Funariidae) aus Rio Grande do Sul, Brasilien, mit Beschreibung eines neuen Cinclodes.",null,"Cinclodes pabsti"],["16111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes pabsti espinhacensis","Freitas, Chaves, Costa et al., 2012","Ibis vol.154 p.738-755",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89C5FFC7",null,null,"Tainhas, Rio Grande do Sul, Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil; Barraco de Tábua, Oberlauf des Estancado, Nebenfluss des Rio Preto do Itambé, NP Serra do Cipó, Itambé do Mato Dentro, 19°21'S, 43°29'W, etwa 1495m Höhe, S-Teil des Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brasilien.","A new species of Cinclodes from the Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil: insights into the biogeographical history of the South American highlands","https://documentacao.socioambiental.org/noticias/anexo_noticia//22967_20120831_105700.pdf","Cinclodes espinhacensis"],["16112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes pabsti pabsti","Sick, 1969","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 6 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southeastern Santa Catarina and adjacent northeastern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5348D37",null,null,"Entre Tainhas y Taimbezinho, nordeste de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.","Über einige Töpfervögel (Funariidae) aus Rio Grande do Sul, Brasilien, mit Beschreibung eines neuen Cinclodes.",null,"Cinclodes pabsti"],["16113","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes palliatus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.281","White-bellied Cinclodes","White-bellied Cinclodes","White-bellied Cinclodes",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín, Lima, and Huancavelica)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702117","whbcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcin1","avibase-B2F7B207",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/289/mode/1up","Cillurus palliatus"],["16114","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes patagonicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.957","Dark-bellied Cinclodes","Dark-bellied Cinclodes","Dark-bellied Cinclodes",null,null,"coastal rocky and short-grass areas, rocky streams, river and lake shores from central Chile and west-central Argentina (Mendoza) southward to Tierra del Fuego, including some islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702100","dabcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dabcin1","avibase-519ED71C",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/458/mode/1up","Motacilla patagonica"],["16115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes patagonicus chilensis","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile and western Argentina; Chiloé Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2681C3C7",null,null,"vicinity of Port Saint- Vincent, Chile = near Concepcion.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195053#page/25/mode/1up","Furnarius Chilensis"],["16116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes patagonicus patagonicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.957",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile and southern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7D5235E",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/458/mode/1up","Motacilla patagonica"],["16117","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes nigrofumosus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.23","Chilean Seaside Cinclodes","Seaside Cinclodes","Seaside Cinclodes",null,null,"rocky coasts of Chile (Arica southward to Valdivia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702107","seacin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seacin1","avibase-1B10F1B4",null,null,"'Cobija in Bolivia' = Province of Antofagasta, Chile.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/197/mode/1up","Uppucerthia nigro-fumosa"],["16118","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes taczanowskii","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1892","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.3 p.381","Peruvian Seaside Cinclodes","Surf Cinclodes","Surf Cinclodes",null,null,"rocky coasts of Peru (Ancash southward to Tacna)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702103","surcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/surcin1","avibase-818F8693",null,null,"Chorillos, near Lima, Peru.","Résultats des recherches ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/453/mode/1up","Cinclodes taczanowskii"],["16119","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes fuscus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.490","Buff-winged Cinclodes","Buff-winged Cinclodes","Buff-winged Cinclodes",null,null,"southern Chile and southern Argentina; winters to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736215","buwcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwcin1","avibase-FF52966F",null,null,"Less rare in the fields of Montevideo and Buenos Aires than in Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/512/mode/1up","Anthus fuscus"],["16120","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes antarcticus","(Garnot, 1826)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7 p.45","Blackish Cinclodes","Blackish Cinclodes",null,"2025-0731","Taxon <em>maculirostris </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cinclodes antarcticus</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split based on differences in plumage, soft part colors, and relative proportions; however, genetic differentiation between the taxa, as assessed by mitochondrial DNA (Campagna et al. 2012) and genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020), seems to be low, vocal differences have not been documented, and there is evidence of phenotypic intermediacy in some traits; further research required.","coastal rocky and short-grass and tussock areas in Tierra del Fuego of far southern Chile and southern Argentina, including offshore islands in the Cape Horn Archipelago, and the Falkland Islands",null,null,null,"blacin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacin1","avibase-3464F124",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/59/mode/1up","Certhia antarctica"],["16121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris","Dabbene, 1917","Physis Buenos Aires 3 no.13 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-716443F8",null,null,"Hermit Island, west of Cape Horn.","Especies y subespecies aparamente nuevas de Geositta y Cinclodes de la Reublica Argentina y del Sur de Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110531#page/77/mode/1up","Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris"],["16122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus","(Garnot, 1826)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C13E973",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Remarques sur la Zoologie des îles Malouines, faites pendant le Voyage autour du monde de la Corvette la Coquille, éxécuté en 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28626#page/59/mode/1up","Certhia antarctica"],["16123","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes comechingonus","Zotta & Gavio, 1945","El Hornero 8 p.370","Cordoba Cinclodes","Cordoba Cinclodes","Cordoba Cinclodes",null,null,"Andes of north-central Argentina (western Córdoba to eastern Tucumán)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702082","corcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corcin1","avibase-9B0C898B",null,null,"Sierras de Comechingones, 2400 meters, 7 km. west of La Paz, Córdoba, Argentina.","Una nueva especie del género Cinclodes.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1388","Cinclodes comechingonus"],["16124","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albidiventris","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.77","Chestnut-winged Cinclodes","Chestnut-winged Cinclodes","Chestnut-winged Cinclodes",null,null,"paramo grassland and arid montane scrub in the Andes from western Venezuela and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southward along the eastern and central Andes of Colombia through Ecuador to northern Peru, north and west of the Río Marañón; in the western Andes of Ecuador southward to northern Loja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736226","chwcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwcin1","avibase-B1DBDB2E",null,null,"Mt. Chimborazo, 14,000 feet, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Quito, and during Excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/113/mode/1up","Cinclodes albidiventris"],["16125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albidiventris heterurus","Madarász, 1903","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida, Trujillo, and southern Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8484DC9C",null,null,"Culata, San Antonio, and Valle, Venezuela.","Description of some new birds from Venezuela.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1903_Vol_1_462.pdf","Cinclodes heterurus"],["16126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albidiventris oreobates","Scott, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and central and eastern Andes of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4AD086E",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","[Description of apparently new or hitherto undetected species of birds from South America].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/94/mode/1up","Cinclodes oreobates"],["16127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albidiventris albidiventris","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Ecuador to northern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-282F8BED",null,null,"Mt. Chimborazo, 14,000 feet, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Quito, and during Excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/113/mode/1up","Cinclodes albidiventris"],["16128","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albiventris","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 18 p.731","Cream-winged Cinclodes","Cream-winged Cinclodes","Cream-winged Cinclodes",null,null,"paramo and puna grassland, arid montane scrub and fields in the Andes of northern Peru, from southern Amazonas and Cajamarca southward across Peru and Bolivia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina (southward to La Rioja)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736220","crwcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crwcin1","avibase-0F46C5DB",null,null,"near Arica, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202917#page/727/mode/1up","Upucerthia albiventris"],["16129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albiventris albiventris","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 18 p.731",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-186ACBBB",null,null,"near Arica, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202917#page/727/mode/1up","Upucerthia albiventris"],["16130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albiventris tucumanus","Chapman, 1919","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, no.5 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CE45D6C",null,null,"above Tafi del Valle, 9500 feet, Tucumán.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Cinclodes fuscus tucumanus"],["16131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albiventris riojanus","Nores, 1986","El Hornero 12 p.262-273",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Sierra de Famatina in La Rioja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82AE8235",null,null,"Cerro Famatina, Pcia. de La Rioja, Argentina, alt. 3.200 m, 28°48'S, 67°42 W, abril 27, 1951; coleccionado por O. Budín","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Cinclodes fuscus riojanus"],["16132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albiventris rufus","Nores, 1986","El Hornero 12 p.262-273",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Campo de Arenal in Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FCE4245",null,null,"Angostura-Hualfín, Belém, Catamarca, Argentina. setiembre 26, 1953; coleccionada por S. Pierotti","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Cinclodes fuscus rufus"],["16133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes albiventris yzurietae","Nores, 1986","El Hornero 12 p.262-273",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Sierra de Manchao in southeastern Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33BABF40",null,null,"Cerro El Manchao, Ambato, Catamarca, 28°16'S, 66°02'W. Argentina. octubre 25, 1979; coleccionado por A. Budín","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Cinclodes fuscus yzurietae"],["16134","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes atacamensis","(Philippi, 1857)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 23, bd.1 p.263","White-winged Cinclodes","White-winged Cinclodes","White-winged Cinclodes",null,null,"Andes of Peru to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northern Argentina, and mountains of central Argentina (Sierra de Córdoba and northeastern San Luis)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702114","whwcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwcin1","avibase-DD308D8C",null,null,"San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31530#page/271/mode/1up","Upuarthia atacamensis"],["16135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes atacamensis atacamensis","(Philippi, 1857)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 23, bd.1 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24002D11",null,null,"San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31530#page/271/mode/1up","Upuarthia atacamensis"],["16136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes atacamensis schocolatinus","Reichenow, 1920","Journal für Ornithologie 68, no.2 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"central Argentina (Sierra de Córdoba and northeastern San Luis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86E8D027",null,null,"Córdoba; type from Cuesta Copina.","[Remarks on the genus Cinclodes].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43506#page/248/mode/1up","Cinclodes schocolatinus"],["16137","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes olrogi","Nores & Yzurieta, 1979","Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Córdoba, Argentina) Miscelanea no.61 p.4-8","Olrog's Cinclodes","Olrog's Cinclodes","Olrog's Cinclodes",null,null,"Andes of north-central Argentina (western Córdoba and northeastern San Luis)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702092","olrcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olrcin1","avibase-73C73E03",null,null,"Sierras Grandes de Córdoba, Pampa de Achala, Córdoba, Argentina.","Una nueva especie y dos nuevas subespecies de aves (Passeriformes).","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-ZMZeGspzieCpnfkiUdQRbJor2irs_ZC/view","Cinclodes olrogi"],["16138","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes oustaleti","Scott, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.62","Grey-flanked Cinclodes","Gray-flanked Cinclodes","Grey-flanked Cinclodes",null,null,"open rocky and grassy areas from northern Chile and northwestern Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego, including islands of the Cape Horn Archipelago; breeds in the Andes and migrates to the coast; also in Alejandro Selkirk Island off central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702088","gyfcin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyfcin1","avibase-E20363A6",null,null,"Central Chile; Valparaiso designated by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 32.","[Description of apparently new or hitherto undetected species of birds from South America].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/94/mode/1up","Cinclodes oustaleti"],["16139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes oustaleti oustaleti","Scott, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina; Chiloé Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDD7A2EC",null,null,"Central Chile; Valparaiso designated by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 32.","[Description of apparently new or hitherto undetected species of birds from South America].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/94/mode/1up","Cinclodes oustaleti"],["16140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes oustaleti hornensis","Dabbene, 1917","Physis Buenos Aires 3 no.13 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5D5CA82",null,null,"Hermit Island, west of Cape Horn.","Especies y subespecies aparamente nuevas de Geositta y Cinclodes de la Reublica Argentina y del Sur de Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110531#page/76/mode/1up","Cinclodes Oustaleti hornensis"],["16141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii","Lönnberg, 1921","The natural history of Juan Fernández and Easter Island 3 Zool. Pt1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Juan Fernández Islands (off Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2247BE2",null,null,"Islands of Mas Afuera and Mas a Tierra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91170#page/16/mode/1up","Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii"],["16142","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Aphrastura","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla spinicauda [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/220/mode/1up","Aphrastura"],["16143","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Aphrastura masafuerae","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1866)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 32, bd.1 p.127","Masafuera Rayadito","Masafuera Rayadito","Masafuera Rayadito","2025-N032","<em>Aphrastura masafucrae</em> has also been used. The name <em>masafuerae </em>should be applied for two reasons: (1) ICZN Code Article 33.3.1 must be heeded. At the time of this assessment, a Google search showed only 158 internet usages for <em>masafucrae </em>but 2360 for <em>masafuerae </em>(this excludes usages for noN0avian organisms named \"<em>masafuerae</em>\"), which amounts to more than an order of magnitude of a difference in usages. (2) Article 32.5.1 stipulates the following: \"…If there is in the original publication itself, without recourse to any external source of information, clear evidence of an inadvertent error, such as a <em>lapsus calami</em> or a copyist's or printer's error, it must be corrected. Incorrect transliteration or latinization, or use of an inappropriate connecting vowel, are not to be considered inadvertent errors…\". In this specific case, the authors clearly describe the position of \"Masafucra\" (=Masafuera) island within the Pacific Ocean, with an exact distance from the nearest island (Juan Fernandez), leaving no doubt that they refer to Masafuera and not to some alternative island. This is clear evidence within the text that is indicative of an inadvertent error.","Alejandro Selkirk Island (Juan Fernández Islands off Chile)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702156","masray1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masray1","avibase-A11DC805",null,null,"Mas Afuera Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31351#page/135/mode/1up","Synallaxis Masafucrae"],["16144","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Aphrastura spinicauda","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.978","Thorn-tailed Rayadito","Thorn-tailed Rayadito","Thorn-tailed Rayadito",null,null,"humid temperate forest and scrub in central Chile, from southern region of Coquimbo, and far western Argentina in Mendoza, southward to Tierra del Fuego including Isla de los Estados, Isla Hornos and Diego Ramirez archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702153","thtray1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thtray1","avibase-42F16BDC",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/479/mode/1up","Motacilla spinicauda"],["16145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Aphrastura spinicauda spinicauda","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.978",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chile and adjacent western Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FDA2D2D",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/479/mode/1up","Motacilla spinicauda"],["16146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Aphrastura spinicauda bullocki","Chapman, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.762 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Mocha Island (Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86B5FED7",null,null,"male, mocha Island, Chile; November 11, 1932; D. S. Bullock.","Descriptions of new birds from Mocha Island, Chile, and the Falkland Islands : with comments on their bird life and that of the Juan Fernandez Islands and Chiloe Island, Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4177/","Aphrastura spinicauda bullocki"],["16147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Aphrastura spinicauda fulva","Angelini, 1905","Bollettino della Società Zoologica Italiana (ser.2) 6 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiloé Island (Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71B34C6A",null,null,"Ancud, Chiloé Island, Chile.","Aphrastura fulva, nuova specie di Passeraceo appartenente ai Dendrocolaptidi Sinallaxini.",null,"Aphrastura fulva"],["16148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Aphrastura spinicauda subantarctica","Rozzi, Quilodrán, Botero-Delgadillo et al., 2022","Scientific Reports 12 13957",null,null,null,null,null,"Diego Ramirez Archipelago (south of Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C415001",null,null,"Gonzalo Island, Diego Ramírez Archipelago, Magallanes and Antarctic region, Chile, at 56.52141°S 68.71647°W; on 22 July 2017 by OB and JCTM","The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17985-4","Aphrastura subantarctica"],["16149","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sylviorthorhynchus","Gay, 1845","Historia física y política de Chile 1 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii [Gay, 1845]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130100#page/319/mode/1up","Sylviorthorhynchus"],["16150","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii","Gay, 1845","Historia física y política de Chile 1 p.316 Atlas 2 Orn. pl.[3]","Des Murs's Wiretail","Des Murs's Wiretail","Des Murs's Wiretail","2025-N033","<em>Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii</em> has also been used. The spelling <em>desmurii </em>is the original one, and there are strong indications that it was not an inadvertent error, as it was used multiple times by Oeillet Des Murs himself. The spelling <em>desmursii </em>is an incorrect subsequent spelling predominantly propagated by Peters’ Checklist. There is much controversy over whether this incorrect subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage. The Code's interpretation is strictly tied to the definition of terms in its Glossary, where prevailing usage is defined as the usage by \"authors\" in their \"work\". The Glossary has no official definition of \"author\". However, its definition of \"work\" includes \"any text or illustration, whether published, unpublished, or carrying a disclaimer\". So clearly, the usage in sources other than peer-reviewed papers also counts towards \"prevailing usage\" and a conventional Google search could be viewed as providing a fair arbitration on current usage. At the time of assessment, the usage of <em>desmursii </em>on Google Scholar was more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the original spelling, but on conventional Google, it was used more frequently at only less than one order of magnitude, with a rising trend for the use of <em>desmurii </em>following the discovery that it had been the intended spelling. Hence, a narrow majority of our community felt that the incorrect spelling <em>desmursii </em>had not obtained sufficient prevailing usage (or had lost a sufficient part of it in recent years) to warrant its perpetuation as \"in prevailing usage\", resulting in the re-acceptance of the original spelling <em>desmurii</em>.","central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702150","demwir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/demwir1","avibase-37179E49",null,null,"Province of Valdivia, particularly near Corral, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130100#page/320/mode/1up","Sylviorthorhynchus Desmurii"],["16151","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Sylviorthorhynchus yanacensis","(Carriker, 1933)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.9","Tawny Tit-Spinetail","Tawny Tit-Spinetail","Tawny Tit-spinetail",null,null,"locally in Andes of central and southeastern Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724683","tatspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tatspi1","avibase-B3FCB52F",null,null,"Yanac, 15,000 feet, Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Leptasthenura yanacensis"],["16152","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.160",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis aegithaloides [von Kittlitz, 1830]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 27).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/190/mode/1up","Leptasthenura"],["16153","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura xenothorax","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.8","White-browed Tit-Spinetail","White-browed Tit-Spinetail","White-browed Tit-spinetail",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Apurímac and Cusco)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702183","wbtspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbtspi1","avibase-309CCFF3",null,null,"Torontoy, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Leptasthenura xenothorax"],["16154","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura setaria","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.52, vol.3 pl.311 fig.2","Araucaria Tit-Spinetail","Araucaria Tit-Spinetail","Araucaria Tit-spinetail",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul) to northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702196","artspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/artspi1","avibase-8223568E",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil; error, the types in the Paris Museum are from Castro, Paraná, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/301/mode/1up","Synallaxis setaria"],["16155","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura platensis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.160, pl.DXIX, f.3597","Tufted Tit-Spinetail","Tufted Tit-Spinetail","Tufted Tit-spinetail",null,null,"southern Paraguay; far southwestern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702167","tutspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tutspi1","avibase-C93D57E9",null,null,"Río de la Plata.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/190/mode/1up","Leptasthenura platensis"],["16156","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura striolata","(Pelzeln, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.159","Striolated Tit-Spinetail","Striolated Tit-Spinetail","Striolated Tit-spinetail",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Paraná southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702175","sttspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttspi2","avibase-83FBC2B3",null,null,"Curytiba, Paraná.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/173/mode/1up","Synallaxis striolata"],["16157","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura striata","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1863)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 29, bd.1 p.119","Streak-backed Tit-Spinetail","Streaked Tit-Spinetail","Streaked Tit-spinetail",null,null,"arid montane scrub in the western Andes of northern Peru, from La Libertad southward to northernmost Chile, in northern region of Antofagasta; also in inter-Andean valleys of southern Peru, in Huancavelica, Ayacucho, and Apurimac",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702187","sttspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttspi1","avibase-D44A8E2F",null,null,"Cordillera of Arica, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31367#page/127/mode/1up","Synallaxis striata"],["16158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura striata superciliaris","Hellmayr, 1932","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 19 p.201,note",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of coastal cordillera of Peru (Ancash to Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2642E0A2",null,null,"Surco, 2050 meters, Lima, Peru.","The Birds of Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20866#page/209/mode/1up","Leptasthenura striata superciliaris"],["16159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura striata albigularis","Morrison, 1938","Ibis ser.14, vol.2, no.4 p.775",null,null,null,null,null,"dry intermontane valleys from at least southern Junín to Ayacucho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DC801E2",null,null,"Lircay, 10,660 feet, Huancavelica, Peru.","Three new Birds from the Departement of Huancavelica, Central Peru.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1938.tb00216.x","Leptasthenura striata albigularis"],["16160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura striata striata","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1863)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 29, bd.1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Arequipa and Tacna) to northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EFF566F",null,null,"Cordillera of Arica, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31367#page/127/mode/1up","Synallaxis striata"],["16161","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura pileata","Sclater, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.2 p.487","Rusty-crowned Tit-Spinetail","Rusty-crowned Tit-Spinetail","Rusty-crowned Tit-spinetail",null,null,"Polylepis and Gynoxys woodland and adjacent scrub in the Andes from northern Peru, in southern Cajamarca, southward to southern Peru, in Arequipa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702179","rctspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rctspi1","avibase-0EFEB7DB",null,null,"western slope of the coast Cordillera above Lima, 8000 feet, Peru.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Prof. W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part V).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/609/mode/1up","Leptasthenura pileata"],["16162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura pileata cajabambae","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Cajamarca to Junín and Huancavelica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B4E007F",null,null,"Cajabamba, 9500 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Leptasthenura striata cajabambae"],["16163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura pileata pileata","Sclater, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.2 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"cordillera of western Peru (Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17BE6E41",null,null,"western slope of the coast Cordillera above Lima, 8000 feet, Peru.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Prof. W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part V).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/609/mode/1up","Leptasthenura pileata"],["16164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura pileata latistriata","Koepcke, 1965","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 4 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Peru (Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDE64930",null,null,"Manzanallo, cerca de Ticrapo, 13°23'S, 75° 26'W, Castrovirreyna, Huancavelica, Perú.","Zur Kenntnis einiger Furnariiden (Aves) der Küste und des westlichen Andenabhanges Perus (mit Beschreibungen neuer Subspezies).",null,"Leptasthenura pileata latistriata"],["16165","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura fuliginiceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.23","Brown-capped Tit-Spinetail","Brown-capped Tit-Spinetail","Brown-capped Tit-spinetail",null,null,"arid to humid montane scrub and Polylepis woodland in the Andes from western Bolivia southward to west-central Argentina (Mendoza and the sierras of Córdoba and San Luis)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702163","bctspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bctspi1","avibase-9FCDF434",null,null,"Sicasica, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/139/mode/1up","Synallaxis fuliginiceps"],["16166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura fuliginiceps fuliginiceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (north to La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57B99FE6",null,null,"Sicasica, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/139/mode/1up","Synallaxis fuliginiceps"],["16167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paranensis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.377 Note",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Argentina and mountains of Córdoba and San Luis",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C79F9D3",null,null,"Argentina; the type was believed to have come from Paraná, Entre Ríos; locality probably erroneous; Hellmayr 1925, substitutes Mendoza, Argentina.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/473/mode/1up","Leptasthenura paranensis"],["16168","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura aegithaloides","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.187 pl.7","Plain-mantled Tit-Spinetail","Plain-mantled Tit-Spinetail",null,"2025-0736","The polytypic <em>Leptasthenura aegithaloides</em> complex is treated as a single species pending further research. Sometimes split into multiple species with considerable variation in plumage and vocalizations among the component taxa (Jaramillo 2003; Boesman 2016vv; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020). Genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020) recovered <em>L. aegithaloides </em>as paraphyletic, suggesting splits are warranted, but any splits are deferred pending publication of current research with more comprehensive taxon sampling.","arid scrub, espinal, rocky slopes, forest borders, and puna grassland with bushes in the coast of southern Peru, in Arequipa, southward to southern Chile; also in the Andes from far southeast Peru southward across the Andes of Bolivia and northeastern Chile to southern Argentina, to Tierra del Fuego; southern populations migrate northward during the austral winter to north-central Argentina",null,null,null,"pmtspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pmtspi1","avibase-9E0B7CE9",null,null,"Hills near Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Synnalaxis Aegithaloides"],["16169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.iv,61",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal arid southern Peru and northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD400ADE",null,null,"Gatico, Antofagasta, Chile.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/75/mode/1up","Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens"],["16170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi","Hartert, 1909","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"altiplano of southern Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30D40AFC",null,null,"Augusto Pericheli, 2550 meters, Jujuy, Argentina.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/230/mode/1up","Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi"],["16171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.187 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Chile (southern Coquimbo to northern Aysén)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9309A402",null,null,"Hills near Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Synnalaxis Aegithaloides"],["16172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida","Dabbene, 1920","El Hornero 2, no.2 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western and southern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AD6DA40",null,null,"Puesto Burro, 700 meters, near Maiten, Chubut.","Miscelanea ornitologica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108172#page/167/mode/1up","Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida"],["16173","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura andicola","Sclater, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.636 pl.49 fig.2","Andean Tit-Spinetail","Andean Tit-Spinetail","Andean Tit-spinetail",null,null,"shrubby paramo, humid to arid montane scrub, Polylepis woodland, and treeline in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Andes of western Venezuela and the eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá to Cundinamarca), the central Andes of Colombia (from northern Tolima and Caldas) southward to southern Ecuador (northern Loja), and disjunctly in Zamora Chinchipe, Andean puna from northern Peru (Ancash) southeastward to southeastern Peru and adjacent western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702192","antspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antspi1","avibase-3367E902",null,null,"Panza, southern slope of Chimborazo, Ecuador.","On Two new Species of Synallaxinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/758/mode/1up","Leptasthenura andicola"],["16174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura andicola certhia","(Madarász, 1903)","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4B87E8D",null,null,"San Antonio and Páramo de Santo Domingo [Andes of Mérida], Venezuela.","Description of some new birds from Venezuela.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1903_Vol_1_462.pdf","Siptornis certhia"],["16175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura andicola extima","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8521EC9C",null,null,"Páramo de Macotama [ = Chiruqua], Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/127/mode/1up","Leptasthenura andicola extima"],["16176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura andicola exterior","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A67DCAA",null,null,"Lagunillas, Boyacá, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/141/mode/1up","Leptasthenura andicola exterior"],["16177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura andicola andicola","Sclater, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.636 pl.49 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D03CA9E",null,null,"Panza, southern slope of Chimborazo, Ecuador.","On Two new Species of Synallaxinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/758/mode/1up","Leptasthenura andicola"],["16178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Leptasthenura andicola peruviana","Chapman, 1919","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, art.5 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to northern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C389EA03",null,null,"La Raya, 14,000 feet [Puno], Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Leptasthenura andicola peruviana"],["16179","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anumbius","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anumbius anthoides [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838]; type by virtual tautonymy = Furnarius annumbi Vieillot, 1817  ",null,"Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/191/mode/1up","Anumbius"],["16180","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Anumbius annumbi","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.117","Firewood-gatherer","Firewood-gatherer","Firewood-gatherer",null,null,"savanna of Paraguay to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702661","firgat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/firgat1","avibase-B09DB060",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/131/mode/1up","Furnarius annumbi"],["16181","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Coryphistera","Burmeister, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Coryphistera alaudina [Burmeister, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachteten Vögelarten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/263/mode/1up","Coryphistera"],["16182","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Coryphistera alaudina","Burmeister, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.251","Lark-like Brushrunner","Lark-like Brushrunner","Lark-like Brushrunner",null,null,"arid lowland scrub, monte, and Chaco woodland from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay southward across Argentina, western Uruguay, and southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to east-central Argentina, to southern Buenos Aires and adjacent La Pampa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702664","lalbru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lalbru1","avibase-2629DF6C",null,null,"no locality given = near Paraná, ex Burmeister, Reise La Plata Staaten, 2, 1861, p. 470.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/263/mode/1up","Coryphistera alaudina"],["16183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Coryphistera alaudina campicola","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of southeastern Bolivia and adjacent western Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-859574D3",null,null,"Guanacos, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of seven apparently new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/210/mode/1up","Coryphistera alaudina campicola"],["16184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Coryphistera alaudina alaudina","Burmeister, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to northern Argentina and far southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27A1B8D8",null,null,"no locality given = near Paraná, ex Burmeister, Reise La Plata Staaten, 2, 1861, p. 470.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/263/mode/1up","Coryphistera alaudina"],["16185","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.169, 146 (tab.)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates rufifrons [zu Wied-Neuwied, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/199/mode/1up","Phacellodomus"],["16186","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus striaticeps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.19","Streak-fronted Thornbird","Streak-fronted Thornbird","Streak-fronted Thornbird",null,null,"arid montane scrub in Andean valleys of southern Peru, in Junín southeastward to Cusco and Puno, and southward across the Andes of Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (southward to Catamarca and La Rioja)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702613","stftho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stftho1","avibase-1C846670",null,null,"Sicasica, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/193/mode/1up","Anumbius striaticeps"],["16187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco, Apurímac, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-631482D9",null,null,"Tica-Tica, 11,500 feet, near Cusco, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/294/mode/1up","Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus"],["16188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus striaticeps striaticeps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB2DC79A",null,null,"Sicasica, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/193/mode/1up","Anumbius striaticeps"],["16189","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus sibilatrix","Sclater, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.461","Little Thornbird","Little Thornbird","Little Thornbird",null,null,"Chaco of western Paraguay to southern Bolivia, western Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702610","littho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/littho1","avibase-01BB9F45",null,null,"No locality, but the type presumably from Córdoba, Argentina.","On a small Collection of Birds forwarded by Dr. Adolf Döring, Pr. in the University of Cordova in the Argentine Republic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/215/mode/1up","Phacellodomus sibilatrix"],["16190","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus inornatus","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.619 p.152","Plain Thornbird","Plain Thornbird","Plain Thornbird","2025-0737","Taxon <em>inornatus </em>(polytypic, including <em>castilloi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Phacellodomus rufifrons</em> based on differences in plumage, vocalizations (Boesman 2016ww), and divergence in mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Corbett et al. 2020). Vocal and genetic data suggest that additional splits may be warranted; further research needed.","open woodland, savanna with scattered scrub, humid to dry and gallery forest from northeastern Venezuela, in Monagas, westward to Falcón, and southwestward to northeastern Colombia, to Meta",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103672834","ruftho3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftho3","avibase-C9C15885",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/166/mode/1up","Phacellodomus inornatus"],["16191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus inornatus inornatus","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.619 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of northeastern Colombia and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66A104B2",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/166/mode/1up","Phacellodomus inornatus"],["16192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus inornatus castilloi","Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1987","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 41 p.7-26",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FC3ACF3",null,null,"San Fernando, Estado Apure, Venezuela.","Cinco nuevas subespecies de aves (Rallidae, Trochilidae, Picidae, Furnariidae) y tres extensiones de distribucion para Venezuela.",null,"Phacellodomus rufifrons castilloi"],["16193","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus rufifrons","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.177, note","Rufous-fronted Thornbird","Rufous-fronted Thornbird","Rufous-fronted Thornbird","2025-0737","Taxon <em>inornatus </em>(polytypic, including <em>castilloi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Phacellodomus rufifrons</em> based on differences in plumage, vocalizations (Boesman 2016ww), and divergence in mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Corbett et al. 2020). Vocal and genetic data suggest that additional splits may be warranted; further research needed.","arid to semi-humid woodland and scrub, Cerrado, deciduous and gallery forest, and savanna with scattered trees in southernmost Ecuador and the Marañón Valley of northern Peru (southward to San Martin), southward in the Andes of Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (southward to Catamarca), northern and eastern Bolivia eastward to western Paraguay, adjacent northern Argentina, and south-central Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), and in interior and eastern Brazil (northern Piauí and eastern Maranhão southward to São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103672742","ruftho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftho1","avibase-189CA0ED",null,null,"Rio Ressaque, southern Baia [=Bahia, Brazil], i.e. Riberao de Ressaca, Baia Minas Gerais border.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/585/mode/1up","Anabates rufifrons"],["16194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.159,note A",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19EF3BC4",null,null,"Rioja, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/173/mode/1up","Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus"],["16195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.160,note A",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (northern Tocantins and southern Maranhão eastward to Pernambuco and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CAD1796",null,null,"Pau d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/174/mode/1up","Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis"],["16196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus rufifrons rufifrons","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.177, note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Piauí, Bahia, and Minas Gerais)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-362D6D93",null,null,"Rio Ressaque, southern Baia [=Bahia, Brazil], i.e. Riberao de Ressaca, Baia Minas Gerais border.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/585/mode/1up","Anabates rufifrons"],["16197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia, southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso), northern Paraguay, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F346AB32",null,null,"near Tucumán (city).","[Über eine Anzahl neuer Arten, welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz in Agentinien speciell im Gebiete von Tucuman, gesammelt worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/121/mode/1up","Phacellodomus sincipitalis"],["16198","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.147, note","Orange-eyed Thornbird","Orange-eyed Thornbird","Orange-eyed Thornbird",null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (southern Bahia to São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702627","oretho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oretho1","avibase-E1BA166E",null,null,"Rio Catolé Grande, Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/555/mode/1up","Anabates erythrophthalmus"],["16199","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus ferrugineigula","(Pelzeln, 1858)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 31 p.322","Orange-breasted Thornbird","Orange-breasted Thornbird","Orange-breasted Thornbird",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (São Paulo to southern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702632","orbtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbtho1","avibase-829AE151",null,null,"Cape Horn; error, State of São Paulo, Brazil, suggested by Hellmayr, antea, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30227#page/358/mode/1up","Anumbius ferrugineigula"],["16200","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus ruber","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.118","Greater Thornbird","Greater Thornbird","Greater Thornbird",null,null,"northern Brazil to northern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702621","gretho2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gretho2","avibase-ABE64671",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/132/mode/1up","Furnarius ruber"],["16201","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus striaticollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.18","Freckle-breasted Thornbird","Freckle-breasted Thornbird","Freckle-breasted Thornbird",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (eastern Paraná) to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702616","frbtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frbtho1","avibase-4DF195DB",null,null,"Buenos Aires.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/192/mode/1up","Anumbius striaticollis"],["16202","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus maculipectus","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.109","Spot-breasted Thornbird","Spot-breasted Thornbird","Spot-breasted Thornbird",null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (south to La Rioja)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729219","spbtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbtho1","avibase-59CA2B1D",null,null,"near San Javier, Tucumán.","[Über eine Anzahl neuer Arten, welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz in Agentinien speciell im Gebiete von Tucuman, gesammelt worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/121/mode/1up","Phacellodomus maculipectus"],["16203","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Phacellodomus dorsalis","Salvin, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.14","Chestnut-backed Thornbird","Chestnut-backed Thornbird","Chestnut-backed Thornbird",null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702624","chbtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbtho1","avibase-EC7D724B",null,null,"Malea [i.e. Malca], 8000 feet, near Cajabamba, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/30/mode/1up","Phacelodomus dorsalis"],["16204","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hellmayrea","Sztolcman, 1926","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis gularis rufiventris [von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Hellmayrea"],["16205","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hellmayrea gularis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290","White-browed Spinetail","White-browed Spinetail","White-browed Spinetail",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra de Perijá and Andes of western Venezuela southward along the western, central, and eastern Andes of Colombia to northernmost Peru north and west of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón (Amazonas southward to northern Ayacucho)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702405","whbspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbspi2","avibase-3FACD55E",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis gularis"],["16206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hellmayrea gularis gularis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela and southward to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52778DCA",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis gularis"],["16207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hellmayrea gularis brunneidorsalis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1953)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DBFEA27",null,null,"Cerro Tetarí, alto Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perijá Mountains, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/22/mode/1up","Synallaxis gularis brunneidorsalis"],["16208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hellmayrea gularis cinereiventris","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C551B542",null,null,"Quintero, 9250 feet, near Mérida, Venezuela.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Synallaxis gularis cinereiventris"],["16209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Hellmayrea gularis rufiventris","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE8C133F",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/430/mode/1up","Synallaxis gularis rufiventris"],["16210","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.146,168",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis sordida [Lesson, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 27).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/176/mode/1up","Asthenes"],["16211","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes baeri","(Berlepsch, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.99","Short-billed Canastero","Short-billed Canastero","Short-billed Canastero",null,null,"arid scrub, monte, and Chaco woodland from southeastern Bolivia and western Paraguay southward across northern Argentina to Neuquén and Río Negro, also eastward to southernmost Brazil (in Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702491","shbcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbcan1","avibase-EC1EC2F3",null,null,"Cosquin, Córdoba.","On seven new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/125/mode/1up","Siptornis baeri"],["16212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes baeri chacoensis","Brodkorb, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.367 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Paraguay (Puerto Casado)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-106D64BC",null,null,"265 kilometers west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay.","Five new Birds from the Paraguayan Chaco.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56806","Asthenes baeri chacoensis"],["16213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes baeri baeri","(Berlepsch, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia and western Paraguay to southeastern Brazil, western Uruguay, and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01011408",null,null,"Cosquin, Córdoba.","On seven new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/125/mode/1up","Siptornis baeri"],["16214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes baeri neiffi","(Contreras, 1980)","Historia Natural (Mendoza) 1 p.30 [29-32]",null,null,null,null,null,"western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEB75F83",null,null,"Reserva Ecológica de Ñacuñan, Santa Rosa, Mendoza, Argentina","Furnariidae argentinos. IV. Aportes al conocimiento de Tripophaga steinbachi (Hartert y Venturi), con la descripcion de Tripophaga steinbachi neiffi, nueva subespecie.",null,"Tripophaga steinbachi neiffi"],["16215","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes huancavelicae","Morrison, 1938","Ibis ser.14, vol.2, no.4 p.774","Pale-tailed Canastero","Pale-tailed Canastero",null,"2025-0738","Three species are recognized in the <em>Asthenes dorbignyi</em> <em>sensu lato </em>complex based mostly on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016aaa) and plumage: a monotypic <em>A. arequipae</em>; a polytypic <em>A. huancavelicae</em> (including <em>usheri</em>); and a polytypic <em>A. dorbignyi</em> (including <em>consobrina</em>). This arrangement was suggested by Fjeldså &amp; Krabbe (1990) and is supported by genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020); at least two additional taxa in this group are yet to be described.","arid Andes of southwestern Peru (southern La Libertad to Apurímac)",null,null,null,"patcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patcan1","avibase-94499117",null,null,"Yauli, 11,000 feet, Huancavelica, Peru.","Three new Birds from the Departement of Huancavelica, Central Peru.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1938.tb00216.x","Asthenes d'orbignyi huancavelicae"],["16216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes huancavelicae usheri","Morrison, 1947","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"intermontane valleys of south-central Peru (drainages of the Pampas and upper Apurímac river valleys, in northeastern Ayacucho, Apurímac, and southwestern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B7B4EB0",null,null,"Ninabamba, 7000 feet, Pampas River Valley, Ayacucho, Peru.","A New Race of Spine-Tail from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/106/mode/1up","Asthenes d'orbignyi usheri"],["16217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes huancavelicae huancavelicae","Morrison, 1938","Ibis ser.14, vol.2, no.4 p.774",null,null,null,null,null,"intermontane valleys of southwestern Peru (Río Mantaro drainage in northern Huancavelica and far northern Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AA4C9F4",null,null,"Yauli, 11,000 feet, Huancavelica, Peru.","Three new Birds from the Departement of Huancavelica, Central Peru.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1938.tb00216.x","Asthenes d'orbignyi huancavelicae"],["16218","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes dorbignyi","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.163, 145 (tab.), pl.DXIX, f.3599","Rusty-vented Canastero","Rusty-vented Canastero","Creamy-breasted Canastero","2025-0738","Three species are recognized in the <em>Asthenes dorbignyi</em> <em>sensu lato </em>complex based mostly on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016aaa) and plumage: a monotypic <em>A. arequipae</em>; a polytypic <em>A. huancavelicae</em> (including <em>usheri</em>); and a polytypic <em>A. dorbignyi</em> (including <em>consobrina</em>). This arrangement was suggested by Fjeldså &amp; Krabbe (1990) and is supported by genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020); at least two additional taxa in this group are yet to be described.","Andes of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz) to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103673120","crbcan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbcan2","avibase-95A33B5D",null,null,"Palca, Cochabamba, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/193/mode/1up","Bathmidura D'Orbignyi"],["16219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes dorbignyi consobrina","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.142,note A",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro, and Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64DBE945",null,null,"La Paz, 3400 meters, Bolivia.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/156/mode/1up","Asthenes d'orbignyi consobrina"],["16220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes dorbignyi dorbignyi","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.163, 145 (tab.), pl.DXIX, f.3599",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southern Bolivia (Cochabamba to eastern Potosí and Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy to Mendoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBC5321B",null,null,"Palca, Cochabamba, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/193/mode/1up","Bathmidura D'Orbignyi"],["16221","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes arequipae","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.417","Dark-winged Canastero","Dark-winged Canastero","Arequipa Canastero","2025-0738","Three species are recognized in the <em>Asthenes dorbignyi</em> <em>sensu lato </em>complex based mostly on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016aaa) and plumage: a monotypic <em>A. arequipae</em>; a polytypic <em>A. huancavelicae</em> (including <em>usheri</em>); and a polytypic <em>A. dorbignyi</em> (including <em>consobrina</em>). This arrangement was suggested by Fjeldså &amp; Krabbe (1990) and is supported by genomic DNA data (Harvey et al. 2020); at least two additional taxa in this group are yet to be described.","Andes of western Peru (southern Lima and Ayacucho) to western Bolivia and far northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732009","crbcan4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbcan4","avibase-2E0A1312",null,null,"Arequipa, Peru.","Description of six new Species of American Birds of the Families Tanagridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Scolopacidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/497/mode/1up","Synallaxis arequipae"],["16222","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes berlepschi","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft1 p.113","Berlepsch's Canastero","Berlepsch's Canastero","Berlepsch's Canastero",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (Nevado Illampu region, Upper Río Consata drainage, in La Paz)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702527","bercan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bercan1","avibase-54444A9B",null,null,"Chicani, La Paz, Bolivia.","Bechreibung von sechs neotropischen Vogelformen, nebst einer Bemerkung über Ampelion cinctus (Tsch.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/123/mode/1up","Siptornis berlepschi"],["16223","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes luizae","Vielliard, 1990","Ararajuba 1 p.121,122","Cipo Canastero","Cipo Canastero","Cipo Canastero",null,null,"east-central Brazil (Serra do Espinhaço in Minas Gerais)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702514","cipcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cipcan1","avibase-E554EF3F",null,null,"Sierra de Cipó, Jaborticatuba, Minas Gerais, Brasil.","Uma nova espécie de Asthenes da serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil.","http://www.revbrasilornitol.com.br/BJO/article/view/0119","Asthenes luizae"],["16224","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes hudsoni","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.25","Hudson's Canastero","Hudson's Canastero","Hudson's Canastero",null,null,"far southern Brazil to Uruguay and eastern Argentina (south to Río Negro)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702582","hudcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hudcan1","avibase-858D5EB2",null,null,"Conchitas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","On the Species of the Genus Synallaxis of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/57/mode/1up","Synallaxis hudsoni"],["16225","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes urubambensis","(Chapman, 1919)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, art.5 p.328","Line-fronted Canastero","Line-fronted Canastero","Line-fronted Canastero",null,null,"treeline, puna grassland and Polylepis woodlands in the Andes from northern Peru (southern Amazonas and adjacent San Martin) southward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702569","lifcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lifcan1","avibase-123469C1",null,null,"Machu Picchu, 14,000 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Siptornis urubambensis"],["16226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes urubambensis huallagae","(Zimmer, 1924)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (La Libertad to Huánuco and Pasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2F435E5",null,null,"mountains near Huánuco, 12,000 feet, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/11/mode/1up","Siptornis urubambensis huallagae"],["16227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes urubambensis urubambensis","(Chapman, 1919)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, art.5 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to northern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4A00F5C",null,null,"Machu Picchu, 14,000 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Siptornis urubambensis"],["16228","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes flammulata","(Jardine, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.4 p.82-10, pl.56","Many-striped Canastero","Many-striped Canastero","Many-striped Canastero",null,null,"Espeletia and shrubby paramo in the eastern and central Andes of Colombia southward across Ecuador to central Peru (southward to Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702572","mascan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mascan1","avibase-18C02E15",null,null,"lofty table lands of the Andes [near Quito] at an elevation of 14,000 feet.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/139/mode/1up","Synalaxis flammulatus"],["16229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes flammulata multostriata","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-547CB0FE",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/285/mode/1up","Synallaxis multo-striata"],["16230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes flammulata quindiana","(Chapman, 1915)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.643",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Nevado de Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D188142D",null,null,"Páramo de Santa Isabel, 12,500 feet, Central Andes of Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Siptornis flammulata quindiana"],["16231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes flammulata flammulata","(Jardine, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.4 p.82-10, pl.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia (Nariño) and adjacent Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-207D3AEE",null,null,"lofty table lands of the Andes [near Quito] at an elevation of 14,000 feet.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/139/mode/1up","Synalaxis flammulatus"],["16232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes flammulata pallida","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (La Libertad and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C01F26FC",null,null,"Quirivilca, 14,000 feet, Libertad, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Asthenes flammulata pallida"],["16233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes flammulata taczanowskii","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of north-central Peru (La Libertad to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB7FBF20",null,null,"Maraynioc, central Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/425/mode/1up","Siptornis taczanowskii"],["16234","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes virgata","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.3 p.446","Junin Canastero","Junin Canastero","Junin Canastero",null,null,"very local in Andes of central and southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702575","juncan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/juncan1","avibase-9957DCA6",null,null,"Junín, central Peru.","Descriptions of three new Species of the Genus Synallaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/590/mode/1up","Synallaxis virgata"],["16235","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes maculicauda","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.92","Scribble-tailed Canastero","Scribble-tailed Canastero","Scribble-tailed Canastero",null,null,"locally in Andes of southern Peru (Puno) to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702579","sctcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctcan1","avibase-826918E3",null,null,"Iquico, 4000 meters [La Paz], Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/102/mode/1up","Siptornis maculicauda"],["16236","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes humilis","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.319","Streak-throated Canastero","Streak-throated Canastero","Streak-throated Canastero",null,null,"puna grassland in the Andes from northern Peru (Cajamarca) southward to southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) and northwestern Bolivia (southeastward to Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702555","sttcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttcan1","avibase-BD30D5C7",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/331/mode/1up","Synallaxis humilis"],["16237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes humilis cajamarcae","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.860 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"arid temperate western Andes of Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C896DF35",null,null,"Cajamarca, 10,000 feet, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 19, Notes on the genera Geositta, Furnarius, Phleocryptes, Certhiaxis, Cranioleuca, and Asthenes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3952/","Asthenes humilis cajamarcae"],["16238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes humilis humilis","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Andes of Peru (Ancash to Junín and Huancavelica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10C6F21C",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/331/mode/1up","Synallaxis humilis"],["16239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes humilis robusta","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCA7447A",null,null,"Iquico [La Paz], Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/105/mode/1up","Siptornis marayniocensis robusta"],["16240","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta","(Eyton, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.159, pl.81 fig.2","Cordilleran Canastero","Cordilleran Canastero","Cordilleran Canastero",null,null,"puna and scrub of high Andes of Junín (central Peru) southward to southern Chile and Argentina; disjunctly mountains of northeastern San Luis and western Córdoba (north-central Argentina); to lowlands in Patagonia southward to Strait of Magellan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702511","corcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corcan1","avibase-FE737644",null,null,"Bolivia (?).","Descriptions of two new species of Synalaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/421/mode/1up","Synallaxis modestus"],["16241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta proxima","(Chapman, 1921)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 117 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Peru (Junín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F206CDA",null,null,"Ttica-Ttica, 11,500 feet, Cusco, Peru.","On distribution of bird life in the Urubamba Valley of Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49002#page/101/mode/1up","Siptornis modesta proxima"],["16242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta modesta","(Eyton, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.159, pl.81 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"puna of southern Peru to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71C95EAD",null,null,"Bolivia (?).","Descriptions of two new species of Synalaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/421/mode/1up","Synallaxis modestus"],["16243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta hilereti","(Oustalet, 1904)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 10, no.2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Tucumán and Catamarca (northwestern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96B25D4B",null,null,"Laguna del Pelado (5000 m), prov. Tucumen, Argentina",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137056#page/54/mode/1up","Siptornis Hilereti"],["16244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta rostrata","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22B163B6",null,null,"Vacas [Cochabamba], Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/104/mode/1up","Siptornis modesta rostrata"],["16245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta serrana","Nores, 1986","El Hornero 12 p.262-273",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerro Famatina, in La Rioja (west-central Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EA53908",null,null,"Cerro Famatina, Pcia. de La Rioja, Argentina, alt. 3.200 m, 28048'S-67042'W, abril 30, 1951; coleccionada por O. Budín","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Asthenes modesta serrana"],["16246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta cordobae","Nores & Yzurieta, 1980","Historia Natural (Mendoza) 1 p.169-172",null,null,null,null,null,"central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12275EAC",null,null,"Sierras Grandes de Córdoba (Pampa de Achala, 2000 m), Argentina","Nuevas aves de la Argentina (1).",null,"Asthenes modesta cordobae"],["16247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes modesta australis","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.138,note B",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Chile (Atacama to Colchagua) and adjacent Argentina south to Santa Cruz",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15771964",null,null,"Baños del Toro, 10,600 feet, Coquimbo, Chile.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20769#page/156/mode/1up","Asthenes modesta australis"],["16248","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes anthoides","(King, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.30","Austral Canastero","Austral Canastero","Austral Canastero",null,null,"far southern Chile and southern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and Staten Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702566","auscan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auscan1","avibase-0C97A2B4",null,null,"no locality mentioned; the type was presumably collected in the Straits of Magellan.","Exhibition and description of several species of Birds belonging to the collection recently made by Capt. Philip P. King, R.N., during his survey of the Straits of Magellan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/44/mode/1up","Synallaxis anthoïdes"],["16249","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.840","Streak-backed Canastero","Streak-backed Canastero","Streak-backed Canastero","2025-0739","Taxon <em>sclateri </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Asthenes wyatti </em>based on similarity in plumage and vocalizations (Fjeldså &amp; Krabbe 1990), supported by modest divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Derryberry et al. 2011) and genomic data (Harvey et al. 2020). Introgression has also been reported between these groups (F. Vuilleumier in Vaurie 1980; Fjeldså &amp; Krabbe 1990) although a detailed study of the contact zone is lacking. Nevertheless, a comprehensive genetic and bioacoustic review of this complex would be informative.","grassy, Espeletia, and shrubby paramo, arid montane scrub, puna grassland, and Polylepis woodland edges in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia (southward to Cundinamarca); in Ecuador from northern Carchi southward to northern Loja, and patchily along the Andes of Peru from Cajamarca southeastward to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (southward to northern Mendoza) in the sierras of Córdoba and San Luis",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103673405","stbcan9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbcan9","avibase-6B80E64A",null,null,"Páramo de Pamplona, Santander, Colombia.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/970/mode/1up","Synallaxis wyatti"],["16250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti wyatti","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.840",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Andes of northern Colombia (Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BF24B1D",null,null,"Páramo de Pamplona, Santander, Colombia.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/970/mode/1up","Synallaxis wyatti"],["16251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti sanctaemartae","Todd, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA3D0C9D",null,null,"Macotama, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Two apparently new Oven-birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/321/mode/1up","Asthenes wyatti sanctae-martae"],["16252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti phelpsi","Chesser, 2016","Zootaxa 4067 599",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ED384E9",null,null,"Frontera 2, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela, al pie del Cerro Tetarí, cerca de la frontera con Colombia, 10°58'38'N., 72°35'O.","A replacement name for Asthenes wyatti perijanus Phelps 1977","http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.9","Asthenes wyatti phelpsi"],["16253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti mucuchiesi","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90F6C6D1",null,null,"Páramo de Mucuchies, Mérida, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Asthenes wyatti mucuchiesi"],["16254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti aequatorialis","(Chapman, 1921)","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of central Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-608ED2C4",null,null,"Mt. Chimborazo, 13,000 feet, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Siptornis wyatti aequatorialis"],["16255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti azuay","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (Azuay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4678B64",null,null,"Bestion, 10,100 feet, Azuay, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Siptornis graminicola azuay"],["16256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti graminicola","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.3 p.446 pl.58 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Junín, Cusco, Huancavelica, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EAADCE0",null,null,"Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of three new Species of the Genus Synallaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/590/mode/1up","Synallaxis graminicola"],["16257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti punensis","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1901)","Ibis ser.8, vol.1, no.4 p.718",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14472968",null,null,"Puno, 12,600 feet, Peru.","Description des trois Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou du Muséum Branicki.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35405#page/788/mode/1up","Siptornis punensis"],["16258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti cuchacanchae","(Chapman, 1921)","American Museum Novitates no.2 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Bolivia (Cochabamba and Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0EC42D1",null,null,"Cuchacancha, Bolivia.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4603/","Siptornis punensis cuchacanchae"],["16259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti lilloi","(Oustalet, 1904)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 10, no.2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Tucumán, Catamarca, and La Rioja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69699118",null,null,"Lagunita, 3000 meters, Tucumán.","Description d'espèces d'Oiseaux rapportés par M. G.-A. Baer du Tucuman (République Argentine).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137056#page/54/mode/1up","Siptornis Lilloi"],["16260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti sclateri","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central Argentina (Sierra de Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25B46CF5",null,null,"Sierra de Córdoba, Argentina. 2","Ueber eine Sammlung von Vögeln der Argentinischen Republik.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/208/mode/1up","Synallaxis Sclateri"],["16261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes wyatti brunnescens","Nores & Yzurieta, 1983","El Hornero ExtraNumber p.88-102",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Argentina (Sierra de San Luis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78510FC7",null,null,"las Sierras de San Luis (Intihuasi 1.550 m), Argentina","Especiacion en las sierras pampeanas de Cordoba y San Luis (Argentina), con descripcion de siete nuevas subespecies de aves.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1142","Asthenes punensis brunnescens"],["16262","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes moreirae","(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1905)","Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 13 p.182","Itatiaia Spinetail","Itatiaia Spinetail","Itatiaia Spinetail",null,null,"high mountains of southeastern Brazil (southern Espírito Santo to northeastern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702266","itaspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/itaspi1","avibase-BF71CB3E",null,null,"Monte Redondo and Retiro de Ramas, Serra do Itatiaya, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87058#page/1332/mode/1up","Synallaxis moreirae"],["16263","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes heterura","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.93","Maquis Canastero","Maquis Canastero","Maquis Canastero",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702500","maqcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maqcan1","avibase-03B93C7F",null,null,"Iquico, 4000 meters, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/103/mode/1up","Siptornis heterura"],["16264","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes pyrrholeuca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.277","Sharp-billed Canastero","Sharp-billed Canastero","Sharp-billed Canastero",null,null,"arid scrub, shrub-steppe, and temperate grassland in north-central Argentina and north-central Chile southward to southern Argentina and Chile near Tierra del Fuego; migrates northward during austral winter to northern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702487","shbcan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbcan2","avibase-500D06A4",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/293/mode/1up","Sylvia pyrrholeuca"],["16265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes pyrrholeuca pyrrholeuca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Argentina; winters to southern Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF5EA038",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/293/mode/1up","Sylvia pyrrholeuca"],["16266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes pyrrholeuca sordida","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Chile (Aconcagua to Aysén) and western Argentina (Lake Nahuel Huapí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAA1FE78",null,null,"Chile.","Avium species novae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/113/mode/1up","Synallaxis sordidus"],["16267","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes griseomurina","(Sclater, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.3 p.578 pl.43 fig.2","Mouse-colored Thistletail","Mouse-colored Thistletail","Mouse-colored Thistletail",null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702225","mocthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mocthi1","avibase-A2B9B8CE",null,null,"San Lucas, Ecuador.","On two apparently new Species of the Genus Synallaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/706/mode/1up","Synallaxis griseo-murina"],["16268","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes coryi","(Berlepsch, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.4 p.458","Ochre-browed Thistletail","Ochre-browed Thistletail","Ochre-browed Thistletail",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (northern Táchira, Mérida, and Trujillo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702209","ocbthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbthi1","avibase-9F89BDB8",null,null,"Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Synallaxis coryi"],["16269","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes perijana","(Phelps, 1977)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 33 p.45-53","Perija Thistletail","Perija Thistletail","Perija Thistletail",null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702200","perthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perthi1","avibase-2EC35E39",null,null,"Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Une nueva especie y dos nuevas subespecies de Aves (Psittacidae, Furnariidae) de la Sierra de Perija cerca de la divisoria Colombo-Venezolana.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/una-nueva-especie-y-dos-nuevas-subespecies-de-aves-psittacidae-furnariidae-de-la-sierra-de-perija-cerca-de-la-divisoria-colombo-venezolana/","Schizoeaca perijana"],["16270","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes fuliginosa","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290","White-chinned Thistletail","White-chinned Thistletail","White-chinned Thistletail",null,null,"shrubby paramo, treeline and elfin forest in the Andes of northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela southward along the eastern and central Andes of Colombia to central Ecuador in Morona Santiago (eastern Andes) and northern Ecuador in Tungurahua (western Andes); also in the eastern Andes of northern Peru from Amazonas, east and south of the Río Marañón, southward to Huánuco and northern Pasco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702217","whcthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcthi1","avibase-92EDD5BE",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis fuliginosus"],["16271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes fuliginosa fuliginosa","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and adjacent Andes of Venezuela (southern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3357614",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis fuliginosus"],["16272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes fuliginosa fumigata","(Borrero H, 1960)","Novedades Colombianas 1 p.238-242",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia and both slopes of Andes of northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DBCFA7A",null,null,"Páramo del Tábano, Nariño, Colombia.","Notes sobre Schizoeaca fuliginosa y descripción de una nueva subespecie.",null,"Schizoeaca fuliginosa fumigata"],["16273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes fuliginosa peruviana","(Cory, 1916)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8C2F7FE",null,null,"Mountains east of Balsas, 10,000 feet, Peru. 1","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/11/mode/1up","Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana"],["16274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes fuliginosa plengei","(O'Neill & Parker, 1976)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 96 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Cordillera Carpish in Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E8F2F8E",null,null,"Acomayo, Huánuco, Perú.","New subspecies of Schizoeaca fuliginosa and Uromyias agraphia from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126874#page/171/mode/1up","Schizoeaca fuliginosa plengei"],["16275","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes helleri","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.10","Puna Thistletail","Puna Thistletail","Puna Thistletail",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (southern Cusco and Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702250","punthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punthi1","avibase-B87C0D49",null,null,"Cedrobamba, 12,000 feet, Machu Picchu, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Schizoeaca helleri"],["16276","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes harterti","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.91","Black-throated Thistletail","Black-throated Thistletail","Black-throated Thistletail",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702258","bltthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltthi1","avibase-B1A9C628",null,null,"Unduavi [= Hichuloma], Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/101/mode/1up","Schizoeaca harterti"],["16277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes harterti harterti","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-972D998C",null,null,"Unduavi [= Hichuloma], Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/101/mode/1up","Schizoeaca harterti"],["16278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes harterti bejaranoi","(Remsen, 1981)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 p.1068",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-432F3554",null,null,"at kilometer 104, Prov. Chapare, Departamento Cochabamba, Bolivia, elev. 3200 m (about 55 km ENE of the city of Cochabamba)","A new subspecies of Schizoeaca harterti with notes on taxonomy and natural history of Schizoeaca (Aves: Furnariidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107603#page/442/mode/1up","Schizoeaca harterti bejaranoi"],["16279","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes palpebralis","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.319","Eye-ringed Thistletail","Eye-ringed Thistletail","Eye-ringed Thistletail",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702234","eyrthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eyrthi1","avibase-48C5FC42",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/331/mode/1up","Schizoeaca palpebralis"],["16280","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes ottonis","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 11 p.197","Rusty-fronted Canastero","Rusty-fronted Canastero","Rusty-fronted Canastero",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huancavelica to Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702497","rufcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcan1","avibase-D1C92128",null,null,"Anta, 3500 meters, near Cusco, Peru.","Sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues recueillies dans le département de Cuzco (Pérou central) par M. Otto Garlepp.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81337#page/237/mode/1up","Siptornis Ottonis"],["16281","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes pudibunda","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.3 p.445 pl.58 fig.1","Canyon Canastero","Canyon Canastero","Canyon Canastero",null,null,"arid woodland and shrubs in the Andes from northern Peru (La Libertad) southward to northernmost Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702494","cancan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cancan1","avibase-60EFDF36",null,null,"Obrailla, near Canta, Lima, Peru.","Descriptions of three new Species of the Genus Synallaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/589/mode/1up","Synallaxis pudibunda"],["16282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes pudibunda neglecta","(Cory, 1916)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (La Libertad and Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C35F7CF",null,null,"Macata, 10,000 feet, Peru.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/12/mode/1up","Siptornis orbignii neglecta"],["16283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes pudibunda pudibunda","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.3 p.445 pl.58 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Peru in Lima",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58615C60",null,null,"Obrailla, near Canta, Lima, Peru.","Descriptions of three new Species of the Genus Synallaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/589/mode/1up","Synallaxis pudibunda"],["16284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes pudibunda grisior","Koepcke, 1961","American Museum Novitates no.2028 p.1-31",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Huancavelica southward to Tacna) and northernmost Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90FA2BA4",null,null,"Chuquibamba, Lat. 15°51'S, 72°39'W, Codesuyos, Arequipa, Perú.","Birds of the western slope of the Andes of Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5395/","Asthenes pudibunda grisior"],["16285","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes ayacuchensis","(Vaurie, Weske & Terborgh, 1972)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 92 p.142 [142-144]","Ayacucho Thistletail","Ayacucho Thistletail","Ayacucho Thistletail",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Ayacucho)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103673988","vilthi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vilthi3","avibase-E67415D7",null,null,"Puncu, 30 Km.al noreste de Tambo, 12°47'S, 73°49'W, Ayacucho, Perú.","Taxonomy of Schizoeaca fuliginosa (Furnariidae) with description of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/392/mode/1up","Schizoeaca fuliginosa ayacuchensis"],["16286","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Asthenes vilcabambae","(Vaurie, Weske & Terborgh, 1972)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 92 p.143 [142-144]","Vilcabamba Thistletail","Vilcabamba Thistletail","Vilcabamba Thistletail",null,null,"southern Peru (Cordillera Vilcabamba in Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103673977","vilthi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vilthi2","avibase-4700E3C0",null,null,"Cordillera de Vilcabamba, 12°36'S, 73°30'W, Cuzco, Perú.","Taxonomy of Schizoeaca fuliginosa (Furnariidae) with description of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/393/mode/1up","Schizoeaca fuliginosa vilcabambae"],["16287","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Spartonoica","Peters, 1950","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 40, no.5 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis maluroides [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by original designation",null,"Two new genera of Furnariidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122713#page/647/mode/1up","Spartonoica"],["16288","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Spartonoica maluroides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.22","Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail","Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail","Bay-capped Wren-spinetail",null,null,"far southern Brazil to Uruguay and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702642","bcwspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcwspi1","avibase-38B193CE",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/138/mode/1up","Synallaxis maluroides"],["16289","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.172, 146 (tab.)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anabates gutturalis [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/202/mode/1up","Pseudoseisura"],["16290","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura cristata","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.83, pl.84","Caatinga Cacholote","Caatinga Cacholote","Caatinga Cacholote",null,null,"arid northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco, Piauí, Bahia, and Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733859","caacac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caacac1","avibase-E8FD1B6C",null,null,"Malhada, Rio São Francisco [Baia], Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/103/mode/1up","Anabates cristatus"],["16291","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura unirufa","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.16","Grey-crested Cacholote","Rufous Cacholote","Grey-crested Cacholote",null,null,"eastern Bolivia, Chaco of northern Paraguay, and southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733216","rufcac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcac2","avibase-3E35CEA4",null,null,"Moxos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/188/mode/1up","Anabates unirufus"],["16292","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura gutturalis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.15","White-throated Cacholote","White-throated Cacholote","White-throated Cacholote",null,null,"western and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702743","whtcac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtcac2","avibase-07FFE945",null,null,"Patagonia; i.e. mouth of the Río Negro, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/189/mode/1up","Anabates gutturalis"],["16293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura gutturalis ochroleuca","Olrog, 1959","Neotrópica: Notas zoológicas Americanas 5 p.42 fig.D",null,null,null,null,null,"Andean foothills and valleys from western Salta southward through San Juan, in northwestern to west-central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CC1F622",null,null,"Amaicha del Valle, Tucumán, Argentina, elev. 1800 m","Tres nuevas subespecies de aves Argentinas.",null,"Pseudoseisura gutturalis ochroleuca"],["16294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura gutturalis gutturalis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills and lowlands from Mendoza and southern Buenos Aires southward through Santa Cruz, central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C537873",null,null,"Patagonia; i.e. mouth of the Río Negro, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/189/mode/1up","Anabates gutturalis"],["16295","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura lophotes","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.172 pl.DXXV fig.3628","Brown Cacholote","Brown Cacholote","Brown Cacholote",null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to western Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702740","brncac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brncac1","avibase-68D2CBF4",null,null,"'Bolivia'; locality probably erroneous.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/202/mode/1up","Homorus lophotes"],["16296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura lophotes lophotes","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.172 pl.DXXV fig.3628",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia and western Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47B627BA",null,null,"'Bolivia'; locality probably erroneous.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/202/mode/1up","Homorus lophotes"],["16297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudoseisura lophotes argentina","Parkes, 1960","The Auk 77, no.2 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Argentina, southeastern Brazil, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99796C77",null,null,"La Cocha,Tucumán, Argentina, 9 August 1956, by Claes Chr. Olrog","The Brown Cachalote, Pseudoseisura Lophotes, in Bolivia","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol77/iss2/22/","Pseudoseisura lophotes argentina"],["16298","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Acrobatornis","Pacheco, Whitney & Gonzaga, 1996","Wilson Bulletin 108, no.3 p.400-405",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Acrobatornis fonsecai [Pacheco, Whitney & Gonzaga, 1996]; type by monotypy",null,"A new genus and species of furnariid (Aves: Furnariidae) from the cocoa-growing region of southeastern Bahia, Brazil","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol108/iss3/2/","Acrobatornis"],["16299","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Acrobatornis fonsecai","Pacheco, Whitney & Gonzaga, 1996","Wilson Bulletin 108, no.3 p.405-408","Pink-legged Graveteiro","Pink-legged Graveteiro","Pink-legged Graveteiro",null,null,"southeastern Bahia and far northeastern Minas Gerais, eastern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724510","pilgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilgra1","avibase-E4FC9402",null,null,"15°11'S, 39°23'W, at approximately 550m elevation in the serra das Lontras above Itatingui, Municipality of Arataca, Bahia, Brazil","A new genus and species of furnariid (Aves: Furnariidae) from the cocoa-growing region of southeastern Bahia, Brazil","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol108/iss3/2/","Acrobatornis fonsecai"],["16300","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Metopothrix","Sclater & Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Metopothrix aurantiacus [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1866]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/248/mode/1up","Metopothrix"],["16301","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Metopothrix aurantiaca","Sclater & Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.190 pl.18","Orange-fronted Plushcrown","Orange-fronted Plushcrown","Orange-fronted Plushcrown",null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702679","orfplu2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orfplu2","avibase-6E14FE47",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/248/mode/1up","Metopothrix aurantiacus"],["16302","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenerpestes","Berlepsch, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.13 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xenerpestes minlosi [von Berlepsch, 1886]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/92/mode/1up","Xenerpestes"],["16303","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenerpestes singularis","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.96 pl.7 fig.2","Equatorial Greytail","Equatorial Graytail","Equatorial Greytail",null,null,"locally in foothills of eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702691","equgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/equgra1","avibase-288A1826",null,null,"Mapoto, 7000 feet, Ambato, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/140/mode/1up","Synallaxis singularis"],["16304","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenerpestes minlosi","Berlepsch, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.13 p.54 pl.4","Double-banded Greytail","Double-banded Graytail","Double-banded Greytail",null,null,"humid forest in low hills of Darién (eastern Panama) east through Caribbean lowlands of Colombia eastward to middle Magdalena Valley of central Colombia and southward in western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702687","dobgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dobgra1","avibase-6B5A5143",null,null,"near Bucaramanga, Colombia.","On some interesting Additions to the Avifauna of Bucaramanga, U.S. of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/92/mode/1up","Xenerpestes minlosi"],["16305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenerpestes minlosi minlosi","Berlepsch, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.13 p.54 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and Caribbean lowlands of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-477456AC",null,null,"near Bucaramanga, Colombia.","On some interesting Additions to the Avifauna of Bucaramanga, U.S. of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/92/mode/1up","Xenerpestes minlosi"],["16306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Xenerpestes minlosi umbraticus","Wetmore, 1951","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117, no.2 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07160E4C",null,null,"Punto Muchimbo, Río San Juan, El Valle, Colombia.","Additional forms of birds from Colombia and Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88993#page/88/mode/1up","Xenerpestes minlosi umbraticus"],["16307","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Siptornis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.171, 146 (tab.)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Siptornis flamulata [Reichenbach, 1853]; type by monotypy = Synallaxis striaticollis Lafresnaye, 1843",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/201/mode/1up","Siptornis"],["16308","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Siptornis striaticollis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290","Spectacled Prickletail","Spectacled Prickletail","Spectacled Prickletail",null,null,"local in humid hill and montane forest on southeastern Andes of Colombia to north and west of the Río Marañón in Cajamarca (northern Peru)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702676","spepri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spepri1","avibase-8650D477",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis striaticollis"],["16309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Siptornis striaticollis striaticollis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"local in humid hill and montane forest of west slope of Andes from Cundinamarca to Putumayo and east slope from Cauca to Caqueta (southern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7298417",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis striaticollis"],["16310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Siptornis striaticollis nortoni","Graves & Robbins, 1987","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"local in humid hill and montane forest on east slope of Andes from northern Ecuador to north and west of the Río Marañón in Cajamarca (northern Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8C8C462",null,null,"Palm Peak on Volcán Sumaco, Provincia de Napo, Ecuador, elevation 1500 m; 7 Aug 1964, David W. Norton","A new subspecies of Siptornis striaticollis (Aves: Furnariidae) from the eastern slope of the Andes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107532#page/139/mode/1up","Siptornis striaticollis nortoni"],["16311","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Roraimia","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis adusta [Salvin & Godman, 1884]; type by original designation",null,"Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Roraimia"],["16312","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Roraimia adusta","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.450","Roraiman Barbtail","Roraiman Barbtail","Roraiman Barbtail",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent southwestern Guyana, and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702695","rorbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rorbar1","avibase-82F19E61",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 6000 feet, 'British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/506/mode/1up","Synallaxis adusta"],["16313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Roraimia adusta obscurodorsalis","Phelps & Phelps, 1948","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 11 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Bolívar and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-264F48AF",null,null,"Cerro Paraque, 1400 meters, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descripción de seis aves nuevas de Venezuela y notas sobre veinticuatro adiciones a la avifauna del Brazil.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-seis-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-notas-sobre-veinticuatro-adiciones-a-la-avifauna-del-brasil/","Roraimia adusta obscurodorsalis"],["16314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Roraimia adusta mayri","(Phelps, 1977)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 33 p.15-42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolívar (southeastern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DB44252",null,null,"De Río Marajano, Meseta de Jaua, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, 1800 m.","Aves colectadas en las Mesetas de Sarisariñama y Jaua durante tres expediciones al Macizo de Jaua, Estado Bolivar. Descripciones de dos nuevas subespecies.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/aves-colectadas-en-las-mesetas-de-sarisarinama-y-jaua-durante-tres-expediciones-al-macizo-de-jaua-estado-bolivar-descripciones-de-dos-nuevas-subespecies/","Premnoplex adusta mayri"],["16315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Roraimia adusta duidae","Chapman, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1051 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05CF3607",null,null,"Mt. Duida, 5000 feet, Venezuela.","The upper zonal birds of Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5154/","Roraimia adusta duidae"],["16316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Roraimia adusta adusta","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of eastern Venezuela, adjacent western Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-810CD834",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 6000 feet, 'British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/506/mode/1up","Synallaxis adusta"],["16317","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anabates macrourus [zu Wied-Neuwied, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 28).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/346/mode/1up","Thripophaga"],["16318","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga gutturata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.14","Speckled Spinetail","Speckled Spinetail","Speckled Spinetail","2025-0740","Taxon <em>berlepschi </em>is placed in the genus <em>Cranioleuca </em>(rather than <em>Thripophaga</em>) based on vocalizations (T. A. Parker in Collar et al. 1992), and genetic data from mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Derryberry et al. 2011) and genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) analyses. Taxon <em>sulphuriferus </em>is placed in the genus <em>Limnoctites </em>(rather than <em>Cranioleuca</em>) as genetic data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020) recovered it as sister to <em>L. rectirostris</em>. Taxon <em>gutturata </em>is placed in the genus <em>Thripophaga </em>(rather than <em>Cranioleuca</em>) based on genetic data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020).","southern Colombia to northern Bolivia, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702464","spespi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spespi1","avibase-E3BD36CF",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/188/mode/1up","Anabates gutturatus"],["16319","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga fusciceps","Sclater, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.1 p.33","Plain Softtail","Plain Softtail","Plain Softtail",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin patchily in eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru (Loreto) and adjacent Brazil, southeastern Peru (Pasco, Cusco, and Madre de Dios), northern Bolivia and adjacent Brazil (Acre) and north-central Brazil (eastern Amazonas) along the Amazon River west and east of the Rio Madeira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702594","plasof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plasof1","avibase-34D1AE11",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to the mouth of the Río Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia, by Bond and de Schauensee, 1941, p. 2.","On some new Species and Genera of Birds of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/63/mode/1up","Thripophaga fusciceps"],["16320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga fusciceps dimorpha","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941","Notulae Naturae no.93 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in northeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru; southeastern Peru (Pasco southward to Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFBB3CBE",null,null,"Puerto Yessup, Junín, Peru.","A new race of Thripophaga fusciceps from Peru.",null,"Thripophaga fusciceps dimorpha"],["16321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis","Todd, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil (mouth of Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20A53043",null,null,"islands near Óbidos, Brazil.","Descriptions of new Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/106/mode/1up","Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis"],["16322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga fusciceps fusciceps","Sclater, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (Beni, eastern La Paz, and northern Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB1D3098",null,null,"Bolivia; restricted to the mouth of the Río Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia, by Bond and de Schauensee, 1941, p. 2.","On some new Species and Genera of Birds of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/63/mode/1up","Thripophaga fusciceps"],["16323","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga macroura","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.147,note","Striated Softtail","Striated Softtail","Striated Softtail",null,null,"locally in eastern Brazil (southern Bahia to Espírito Santo and northern Rio de Janeiro)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702588","strsof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strsof1","avibase-CE15EC63",null,null,"Rio Catolé Grande, Baia, Brazi [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/555/mode/1up","Anabates macrourus"],["16324","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga cherriei","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.60, pl.12 fig.2","Orinoco Softtail","Orinoco Softtail","Orinoco Softtail",null,null,"upper Río Orinoco in eastern Colombia (eastern Vichada and eastern Guainía) and western Venezuela (northwestern Amazonas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702585","orisof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orisof1","avibase-22823A64",null,null,"Capuano, Río Orinoco, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/80/mode/1up","Thripophaga cherriei"],["16325","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Thripophaga amacurensis","Hilty, Ascanio & Whittaker, 2013","The Condor 115, no.1 p.143-154","Delta Amacuro Softtail","Delta Amacuro Softtail","Delta Amacuro Softtail",null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (southern portion of the Río Orinoco delta)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103674338","deasof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/deasof1","avibase-76537A2A",null,null,"along the Caño Acoima (8° 29' N, 61° 29' W), state of Delta Amacuro, Venezuela; elevation 35 m","A New Species of Softtail (Furnariidae: Thripophaga) from the Delta of the Orinoco River in Venezuela","https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/115/1/143/5152797","Thripophaga amacurensis"],["16326","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Limnoctites","Hellmayr, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Limnornis rectirostris [Gould, 1839]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/68/mode/1up","Limnoctites"],["16327","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Limnoctites rectirostris","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.80 pl.26","Straight-billed Reedhaunter","Straight-billed Reedhaunter","Straight-billed Reedhaunter",null,null,"far southern Brazil to southern Uruguay and eastern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702652","stbree2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbree2","avibase-0A762FF6",null,null,"Maldonado, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/188/mode/1up","Limnornis rectirostris"],["16328","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Limnoctites sulphuriferus","(Burmeister, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.636","Sulphur-bearded Reedhaunter","Sulphur-bearded Reedhaunter","Sulphur-throated Spinetail","2025-0740","Taxon <em>berlepschi </em>is placed in the genus <em>Cranioleuca </em>(rather than <em>Thripophaga</em>) based on vocalizations (T. A. Parker in Collar et al. 1992), and genetic data from mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Derryberry et al. 2011) and genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) analyses. Taxon <em>sulphuriferus </em>is placed in the genus <em>Limnoctites </em>(rather than <em>Cranioleuca</em>) as genetic data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020) recovered it as sister to <em>L. rectirostris</em>. Taxon <em>gutturata </em>is placed in the genus <em>Thripophaga </em>(rather than <em>Cranioleuca</em>) based on genetic data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020).","southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay and eastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702467","sutspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sutspi1","avibase-562905AC",null,null,"near Buenos Aires, Argentina.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Argentine Republic and adjacent Lands. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/754/mode/1up","Synallaxis sulphurifera"],["16329","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.167",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis albiceps [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/197/mode/1up","Cranioleuca"],["16330","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca berlepschi","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.503","Russet-mantled Softtail","Russet-mantled Softtail","Russet-mantled Softtail","2025-0740","Taxon <em>berlepschi </em>is placed in the genus <em>Cranioleuca </em>(rather than <em>Thripophaga</em>) based on vocalizations (T. A. Parker in Collar et al. 1992), and genetic data from mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Derryberry et al. 2011) and genomic (Harvey et al. 2020) analyses. Taxon <em>sulphuriferus </em>is placed in the genus <em>Limnoctites </em>(rather than <em>Cranioleuca</em>) as genetic data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020) recovered it as sister to <em>L. rectirostris</em>. Taxon <em>gutturata </em>is placed in the genus <em>Thripophaga </em>(rather than <em>Cranioleuca</em>) based on genetic data (Derryberry et al. 2011; Harvey et al. 2020).","Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas to La Libertad)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702591","rumsof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rumsof1","avibase-5E267CBD",null,null,"Leimabamba, 10,000 feet, Peru.","Bechreibung von sechs neotropischen Vogelformen, nebst einer Bemerkung über Ampelion cinctus (Tsch.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/517/mode/1up","Thripophaga berlepschi"],["16331","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca albiceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.23","Light-crowned Spinetail","Light-crowned Spinetail","Light-crowned Spinetail",null,null,"montane cloudforest, elfin forest and treeline in the Andes of far southeastern Peru (Pasco) and Bolivia, southeastward to westernmost Santa Cruz",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702441","licspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/licspi1","avibase-3B4EDC39",null,null,"Sicasica, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/139/mode/1up","Synallaxis albiceps"],["16332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca albiceps albiceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Peru (southern Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5676CBB",null,null,"Sicasica, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/139/mode/1up","Synallaxis albiceps"],["16333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca albiceps discolor","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (Cochabamba and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B904D8BD",null,null,"Incachaca, 7700 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Peru and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Cranioleuca albiceps discolor"],["16334","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca marcapatae","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.5","Marcapata Spinetail","Marcapata Spinetail","Marcapata Spinetail","2025-0743","Taxon <em>weskei </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cranioleuca marcapatae</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Boesman 2016a). However, a more detailed investigation of vocalizations and assessment of possible introgression (Hosner et al. 2015) is warranted.","southern Peru in Vilcanota and Carabaya Ranges (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103674421","marspi4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marspi4","avibase-292C9F0B",null,null,"Marcapata, 10,800 feet, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Cranioleuca marcapatae"],["16335","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca weskei","Remsen, 1984","Wilson Bulletin 96, no.4 p.515-523,front.","Vilcabamba Spinetail","Vilcabamba Spinetail","Vilcabamba Spinetail","2025-0743","Taxon <em>weskei </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cranioleuca marcapatae</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Boesman 2016a). However, a more detailed investigation of vocalizations and assessment of possible introgression (Hosner et al. 2015) is warranted.","Andes of south-central Peru (Mantaro Valley in southeastern Junín, northern Ayacucho, and southward to Cordillera Vilcabamba in Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103674478","marspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marspi1","avibase-161CC4DB",null,null,"2°36'S 73°30'W, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Cuzco, Perú.","Geographic variation, zoogeography, and possible rapid evolution in some Cranioleuca spinetails (Furnariidae) of the Andes.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol96/iss4/1/","Cranioleuca marcapatae weskei"],["16336","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca vulpina","(Pelzeln, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.162","Rusty-backed Spinetail","Rusty-backed Spinetail","Rusty-backed Spinetail",null,null,"riparian woodland, scrub and thickets, gallery forest and river islands from the lower Río Orinoco in northeastern Venezuela southwestward to the llanos of western and southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia (southward to Guaviare); along the Amazon River from far eastern Peru and southeastern Colombia eastward across Brazil to Pará, northward to northern Roraima and adjacent Guyana, and more widespread south of the Amazon River in central and eastern Brazil, eastward to Piauí, northern and western Bahia, and southeastward to São Paulo and northern Paraná; in central Brazil also southward to Acre, Rondônia and southern Mato Grosso, to southeastern Peru (Ucayali), northern Bolivia (southward to northwestern Santa Cruz and adjacent Cochabamba), and far northern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103674933","rubspi4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubspi4","avibase-66828801",null,null,"Brazil = Rio Claro and Guardamor [Goiás], Engenho do Gama, Villa Maria, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil] and Rio Madeira [Amazonas]; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, designated by Hellmayr, antea, p. 124, note c, ex op. cit., 34, 1859, p. 122.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/176/mode/1up","Synallaxis vulpina"],["16337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca vulpina apurensis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1948","American Museum Novitates no.1373 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (western Apure)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C173997",null,null,"Guasdualito, 60 meters, upper Apure River, Apure, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela. [1].","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4417/","Cranioleuca vulpina apurensis"],["16338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina","(Pelzeln, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to Venezuela, Brazil, and far eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAE3215C",null,null,"Brazil = Rio Claro and Guardamor [Goiás], Engenho do Gama, Villa Maria, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil] and Rio Madeira [Amazonas]; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, designated by Hellmayr, antea, p. 124, note c, ex op. cit., 34, 1859, p. 122.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/176/mode/1up","Synallaxis vulpina"],["16339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca vulpina foxi","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Notulae Naturae no.44 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia (eastern Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEBAA1BA",null,null,"mouth of the Río Chapare, 825 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Description of new Birds from Bolivia. Part III. Mesomyodi.",null,"Cranioleuca vulpina foxi"],["16340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca vulpina reiseri","(Reichenberger, 1922)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.6 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Piauí, western Pernambuco, and western Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD0A06E7",null,null,"Riacho da Raiz, below Uniao, Rio Parnaiba, Piauí, Brazil.","A new race of Siptornis described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/55/mode/1up","Siptornis vulpina reiseri"],["16341","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca vulpecula","(Sclater & Salvin, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.184","Parker's Spinetail","Parker's Spinetail","Parker's Spinetail",null,null,"river islands in Amazon system from eastern Brazil to eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733869","parspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parspi1","avibase-2FE6EB50",null,null,"Río Ucayali, Peru.","Catalogue of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/242/mode/1up","Synallaxis vulpecula"],["16342","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca muelleri","(Hellmayr, 1911)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 2 p.1","Scaled Spinetail","Scaled Spinetail","Scaled Spinetail",null,null,"lower Amazonian Brazil and Mexiana Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702461","scaspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaspi1","avibase-DC25BB79",null,null,"Fazenda Nazareth, Mexiana Island, Brazil.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Siptornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/13/mode/1up","Siptornis Mülleri"],["16343","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca dissita","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.55","Coiba Spinetail","Coiba Spinetail","Coiba Spinetail",null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702451","rubspi5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubspi5","avibase-F341C440",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panamá","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/285/mode/1up","Cranioleuca vulpina dissita"],["16344","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca pallida","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.690","Pallid Spinetail","Pallid Spinetail","Pallid Spinetail",null,null,"mountains of southeastern Brazil (Brasília to Espírito Santo and southeastern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702417","palspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palspi1","avibase-26B605AB",null,null,"Campos Geraes = southern Minas Gerais, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/712/mode/1up","Synallaxis pallidus"],["16345","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca obsoleta","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.171, pl. DXLIV, f.3715","Olive Spinetail","Olive Spinetail","Olive Spinetail",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil (São Paulo) and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702435","olispi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olispi1","avibase-8CE249D9",null,"Sphenura obsoleta [Brandt, JGW]","Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/201/mode/1up","Leptoxyura obsoleta"],["16346","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca henricae","Maijer & Fjeldså, 1997","Ibis vol.139 p.609,610,front.","Bolivian Spinetail","Bolivian Spinetail","Bolivian Spinetail",null,null,"Andes of northern Bolivia (Río La Paz drainage system)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724592","bolspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bolspi1","avibase-CEAD8DD0",null,null,"16°53'S 67°08'W, 3 Km al norte de Inquisivi, Provincia de Inquisivi, La Paz, Bolivia.","Description of a new Cranioleuca spinetail from Bolivia and a \"leapfrog pattern\" of geographic variation in the genus.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1997.tb04683.x","Cranioleuca henricae"],["16347","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca pyrrhophia","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.118","Stripe-crowned Spinetail","Stripe-crowned Spinetail","Stripe-crowned Spinetail",null,null,"deciduous forest, semi-deciduous, to arid scrub and woodland from the eastern foothills of the Andes of central Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba), southeastward to the Chaco of southestern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina (to northern Neuquén and Río Negro and southern Buenos Aires); eastward to southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702432","stcspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcspi2","avibase-38BD5816",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/134/mode/1up","Dendrocopus pyrrhophius"],["16348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca pyrrhophia rufipennis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.620",null,null,null,null,null,"known from type locality in La Paz, Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14AF6B34",null,null,"Tilotilo, Bolivia.","On the Birds collected in Bolivia by Mr. C. Buckley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/388/mode/1up","Synallaxis rufipennis"],["16349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca pyrrhophia striaticeps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Chuquisaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8C34920",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina and Cochabamba, Bolivia = Valle Grande, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/138/mode/1up","Synallaxis striaticeps"],["16350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca pyrrhophia pyrrhophia","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and far southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19015A09",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/134/mode/1up","Dendrocopus pyrrhophius"],["16351","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca albicapilla","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.319","Creamy-crested Spinetail","Creamy-crested Spinetail","Creamy-crested Spinetail",null,null,"semi-humid shrubland and woodland in the Andes of central and southern Peru, from Junín southeastward to Apurimac, Ayacucho and Cusco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702448","crcspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcspi1","avibase-19814090",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/331/mode/1up","Synallaxis albicapilla"],["16352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca albicapilla albicapilla","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Junín, Huancavelica, Apurímac, and Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E93BCDB",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/331/mode/1up","Synallaxis albicapilla"],["16353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula","Zimmer, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70FF7FFD",null,null,"Machu Picchu (Cedrobamba), 12,000 feet, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/14/mode/1up","Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula"],["16354","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca demissa","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.449","Tepui Spinetail","Tepui Spinetail","Tepui Spinetail",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and northern Brazil (northern Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702423","tepspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tepspi1","avibase-08A34DD2",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/505/mode/1up","Synallaxis demissa"],["16355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca demissa cardonai","(Phelps & Dickerman, 1980)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 33 p.139-147",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED6CDE7",null,null,"de 5 km E. de Campamento La Cumbre, Cerra Guaiquinima, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, alt. 1500 m","Cuatro subespecies nuevas de aves (Furnariidae, Formicariidae) de la region de Pantepui, Estado Bolivar y Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-subespecies-nuevas-de-aves-furnariidae-formicariidae-de-la-region-de-pantepui-estado-bolivar-y-territorio-amazonas-venezuela/","Certhiaxis demissa cardonai"],["16356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca demissa demissa","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela, west-central Guyana, and northern Brazil (northern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-646FBE1A",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/505/mode/1up","Synallaxis demissa"],["16357","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca hellmayri","(Bangs, 1907)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 20 p.55","Streak-capped Spinetail","Streak-capped Spinetail","Streak-capped Spinetail",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702426","stcspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcspi1","avibase-2A1CC668",null,null,"Páramo de Macotama, 11,000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","A new Spiny-tail from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21751#page/73/mode/1up","Siptornis hellmayri"],["16358","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca semicinerea","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.10 (Scansoriae A) p.170, pl. DXXI, f.3610","Grey-headed Spinetail","Gray-headed Spinetail","Grey-headed Spinetail",null,null,"deciduous to semi-deciduous forest from northeastern Brazil, in Ceará, southwestward across interior Brazil to northern Minas Gerais and central Goiás",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702444","gyhspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhspi1","avibase-9C20744B",null,null,"Brazil; Baia [=Bahia] suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 126.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/200/mode/1up","Leptoxyura semicinerea"],["16359","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca subcristata","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.20 pl.4 fig.1","Crested Spinetail","Crested Spinetail","Crested Spinetail",null,null,"humid montane forest and woodland in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela from Falcón and western Zulia eastward to the Paría Peninsula in Sucre, and in the Sierra de Perijá and Andes of western Venezuela southward to the foothills of the eastern Andes in northeastern Colombia (southward to northern Meta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702429","crespi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crespi1","avibase-F88DF540",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","On the Species of the Genus Synallaxis of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/52/mode/1up","Synallaxis subcristata"],["16360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca subcristata subcristata","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.20 pl.4 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8433777",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","On the Species of the Genus Synallaxis of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/52/mode/1up","Synallaxis subcristata"],["16361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca subcristata fuscivertex","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B5AE2C1",null,null,"Burgua, Valle del alto Río Apure, Táchira, Venezuela.","Five new Venezuelan birds and nine extensions of ranges to Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/64/mode/1up","Cranioleuca subcristata fuscivertex"],["16362","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca curtata","(Sclater, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.636 pl.49 fig.1","Ash-browed Spinetail","Ash-browed Spinetail","Ash-browed Spinetail",null,null,"montane cloudforest and foothill forest in the Andes from northern Colombia, on the western slope of the eastern Andes from Santander southward to Huila, and the eastern slope of the eastern Andes from eastern Cundinamarca southward across the eastern Andes of Ecuador and Peru to central Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702420","asbspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asbspi1","avibase-CCD30843",null,null,"Bogotá.","On Two new Species of Synallaxinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/758/mode/1up","Synallaxis curtata"],["16363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca curtata curtata","(Sclater, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.636 pl.49 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEE3DDB2",null,null,"Bogotá.","On Two new Species of Synallaxinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/758/mode/1up","Synallaxis curtata"],["16364","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca curtata cisandina","(Taczanowski, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Magdalena Valley of central Colombia to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BF53507",null,null,"Chirimoto and Huambo, Huayabamba Valley, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/61/mode/1up","Synallaxis cisandina"],["16365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca curtata debilis","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Junín) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A73807C",null,null,"Marcapata, Cusco, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/135/mode/1up","Synallaxis curtata debilis"],["16366","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca erythrops","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.66","Red-faced Spinetail","Red-faced Spinetail","Red-faced Spinetail",null,null,"humid lower montane hill and montane forest of northwestern Costa Rica through western Panama, disjunctly in far eastern Panama and western Andes, and west slope of central Andes of Colombia southward through western Ecuador, including coastal Cordillera de Mache",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702408","refspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refspi1","avibase-6D00ECAF",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/100/mode/1up","Synallaxis erythrops"],["16367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis","(Lawrence, 1868)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C4E5DBE",null,null,"Costa Rica.","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/121/mode/1up","Synallaxis rufigenis"],["16368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis","(Ridgway, 1909)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes and west slope of central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38B29B54",null,null,"San Antonio, 5800 feet, Río Cali, Colombia.","New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/96/mode/1up","Acrorchilus erythrops griseigularis"],["16369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Ecuador (southwestern Manabí and western Guayas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15975405",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/100/mode/1up","Synallaxis erythrops"],["16370","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca antisiensis","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.375 p.457","Line-cheeked Spinetail","Line-cheeked Spinetail","Line-cheeked Spinetail","2025-0741","Taxon <em>baroni </em>(polytypic, including <em>capitalis </em>and <em>zaratensis</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Cranioleuca antisiensis</em> based on available evidence. There is considerable variation in size, plumage, and vocalizations among populations, but most traits vary clinally (Seeholzer &amp; Brumfield 2018). Genomic data also demonstrate clinal variation in population structure (Seeholzer &amp; Brumfield 2018) and weak divergence (Harvey et al. 2020), consistent with all taxa being retained as <em>C. antisiensis</em>.","semi-humid to humid montane forest and woodland, Polylepis woodland, semi-humid scrub in the western Andes (locally in the eastern Andes) from southern Ecuador, from southern Chimborazo, southward to west-central Peru, in Lima; in the eastern Andes of Peru from Amazonas, south and east of the Río Marañón, to Huánuco and Pasco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730318","licspi5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/licspi5","avibase-9449AA01",null,null,"Cuenca, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser, at Cuenca, Gualaquiza and Zamora, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/553/mode/1up","Synallaxis antisiensis"],["16371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca antisiensis antisiensis","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.375 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador (Azuay, El Oro, and Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8DD2277",null,null,"Cuenca, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser, at Cuenca, Gualaquiza and Zamora, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/553/mode/1up","Synallaxis antisiensis"],["16372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca antisiensis palamblae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (southward to northern Cajamarca and Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B434AD1C",null,null,"Palambla, 4000 feet, west slope of Western Andes, Piura, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Siptornis antisiensis palamblae"],["16373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca antisiensis baroni","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Amazonas and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66D8F9D5",null,null,"Huamachuco and Cajabamba, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/30/mode/1up","Siptornis baroni"],["16374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca antisiensis capitalis","Zimmer, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE0618B7",null,null,"La Quinua, 12,000 feet, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/12/mode/1up","Cranioleuca baroni capitalis"],["16375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Cranioleuca antisiensis zaratensis","Koepcke, 1961","Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado, Serie A (ser.A) no.20 p.1-17",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Pasco and Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-473CDA91",null,null,"Zárate, cerca de San Bartolomé, 11°55'S, 76°32'W, Huarochirí, Lima, Perú.","Las razas geograficas de Cranioleuca antisiensis (Furnariidae, Aves) con la descripcion de una nueva subespecie.",null,"Cranioleuca antisiensis zaratensis"],["16376","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes","Derryberry, Claramunt, O'Quin et al., 2010","Zootaxa 2416.1 (2010) 61-68.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis patagonica [d'Orbigny, 1839]; type by original designation",null,"Pseudasthenes, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286984653","Pseudasthenes"],["16377","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes humicola","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1 p.185, pl.VI","Dusky-tailed Canastero","Dusky-tailed Canastero","Dusky-tailed Canastero",null,null,"xeric scrub, shrubland and sclerophyllous forest from south region of Antofagasta southward to Malleco; one old record from Mendoza, western Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702539","dutcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dutcan1","avibase-036BA013",null,null,"near Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Synnalaxis humicola"],["16378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes humicola goodalli","(Marín, Kiff & Peña, 1989)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109 p.74 [74,75]",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Chile (southwestern Antofagasta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD9D41E1",null,null,"Quebrada Paposo; Provincia de Antofagasta, Chile.","Notes on the Chilean birds, with descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/86/mode/1up","Asthenes humicola goodalli"],["16379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes humicola humicola","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1 p.185, pl.VI",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Chile (Atacama to northern Maule)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-647354FC",null,null,"near Valparaiso, Chile.",null,null,"Synnalaxis humicola"],["16380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes humicola polysticta","(Hellmayr, 1925)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.4 p.144,note C",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile (southern Maule, Concepción, and Malleco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0AD7007",null,null,"Hacienda Gualpencillo Concepcion, Chile.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IV. Furnariidae-Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20942#page/158/mode/1up","Asthenes humicola polysticta"],["16381","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes patagonica","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 45, Oiseaux p.249","Patagonian Canastero","Patagonian Canastero","Patagonian Canastero",null,null,"southern Argentina (Mendoza southward to northern Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702547","patcan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patcan2","avibase-8E8F14D2",null,null,"Río Negro, Patagonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/265/mode/1up","Synallaxis patagonica"],["16382","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes steinbachi","(Hartert, 1909)","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.213","Steinbach's Canastero","Steinbach's Canastero","Steinbach's Canastero",null,null,"Andes of western Argentina (western Salta to Mendoza)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702530","stecan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stecan1","avibase-02A59CEE",null,null,"Cachi, 2500 meters, Salta, Argentina.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/233/mode/1up","Siptornis steinbachi"],["16383","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Pseudasthenes cactorum","(Koepcke, 1959)","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 1 p.243-248","Cactus Canastero","Cactus Canastero","Cactus Canastero",null,null,"arid montane scrub in the western foothills and slopes of the Andes in western Peru, from southern La Libertad southward to Arequipa, and inland to Ayacucho and adjacent Moquegua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702503","caccan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caccan1","avibase-0A894A55",null,null,"10 Km.al sureste de Atico, 16°12'S, 73°37W, Caravelí, Arequipa, Perú.","Ein neuer Asthenes (Aves, Furnariidae) von der Küste und dem westlichen Andenabhang Südperus.",null,"Asthenes cactorum"],["16384","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Mazaria","Claramunt, 2014","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 78 p.[223-231] ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis propinqua [von Pelzeln, 1859]",null,"Phylogenetic relationships among Synallaxini spinetails (Aves: Furnariidae) reveal a new biogeographic pattern across the Amazon and Paraná river basins.",null,"Mazaria"],["16385","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Mazaria propinqua","(Pelzeln, 1859)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.101","White-bellied Spinetail","White-bellied Spinetail","White-bellied Spinetail",null,null,"river islands in Amazon basin (the Guianas to Bolivia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702341","whbspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbspi1","avibase-DB42555B",null,null,"Brazil; type from Rio Madeira below the junction of the Mahissy.","Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornithologischen Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Natterer's nachgelassenen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/117/mode/1up","Synallaxis propinqua"],["16386","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Schoeniophylax","Ridgway, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia phryganophila [Vieillot, 1817]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/95/mode/1up","Schoeniophylax"],["16387","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Schoeniophylax phryganophilus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.207","Chotoy Spinetail","Chotoy Spinetail","Chotoy Spinetail",null,null,"gallery and riparian scrub and thickets in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Chaco of interior Brazil, from Piauí southward to Minas Gerais, and inland to western São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, and southern Mato Grosso, and Paraguay, westward to eastern and northern Bolivia, and southward to northern Argentina to northern Buenos Aires, and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702276","chospi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chospi2","avibase-A5F1822E",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/221/mode/1up","Sylvia phryganophila"],["16388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Schoeniophylax phryganophilus phryganophilus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Bolivia to southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-219A420B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/221/mode/1up","Sylvia phryganophila"],["16389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Schoeniophylax phryganophilus petersi","Pinto, 1949","Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 10 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"interior eastern Brazil (northern Minas Gerais and western Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60E669C5",null,null,"Pirapora, Minas Gerais.",null,null,"Schoeniophylax phryganophila petersi"],["16390","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.8 col.182",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhia cinnamomea [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/69/mode/1up","Certhiaxis"],["16391","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis mustelinus","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.14","Red-and-white Spinetail","Red-and-white Spinetail","Red-and-white Spinetail",null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to eastern Peru and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702479","rawspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rawspi2","avibase-BB585523",null,null,"Río Madeira, and Pebas, Peru; type from the Río Madeira, below the mouth of the Río Marmellos.","On the Species of the Genus Synallaxis of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/20/mode/1up","Synallaxis mustelina"],["16392","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.480","Yellow-chinned Spinetail","Yellow-chinned Spinetail","Yellow-chinned Spinetail",null,null,"freshwater marshes in the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in the Magdalena Valley (to Huila); east of the Andes in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia eastward across northern Venezuela to Trinidad, the savannas of Guyana and far northern Brazil (Roraima), the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil (Amapá); inland along the Amazon River to far southeastern Colombia and northeastern Peru (west to the middle Río Ucayali), and along the Rio Madeira and tributaries to northern Bolivia and far southeastern Peru, and eastern Brazil (northern Pará southward along the Atlantic Coast and interior Brazil) to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina (southward to La Pampa and Buenos Aires), and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702471","yecspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecspi2","avibase-ABAD0008",null,null,"no locality; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 59.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/492/mode/1up","Certhia cinnamomea"],["16393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus fuscifrons","(Madarász, 1913)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Río Atrato to Santa Marta region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13F6C32D",null,null,"Aracataca, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Neue Vögel aus Columbien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/38/mode/1up","Synallaxis fuscifrons"],["16394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus marabinus","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales no.65-66 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F40FF3A",null,null,"Mene Grande, 80 meters, Lake Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cinco aves nuevas de Venezuela y commentarios sobre Columbigallina passerina tortugensis Fernández y Machaeropterus regulus aureopectus Phelps y Gilliard.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cinco-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-comentarios-sobre-columbigallina-passerina-tortugensis-fernandez-y-machaeropterus-regulus-aureopectus-phelps-y-gilliard/","Certhiaxis cinnamomea marabina"],["16395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus valencianus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-588B1143",null,null,"La Cabrera, 400 meters, Lake Valencia, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Certhiaxis cinnamomea valenciana"],["16396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus orenocensis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (lower Río Orinoco Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7DA6349",null,null,"Ciudad Bolívar [Bolívar], Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Peru and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Certhiaxis cinnamomea orenocensis"],["16397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D7CD6A7",null,null,"no locality; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 59.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/492/mode/1up","Certhia cinnamomea"],["16398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus pallidus","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia and western and central Amazonian Brazil (including lower Rio Negro and lower Rio Purus, to lower Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D54FCC66",null,null,"Igarapé Cacao Pereira [=Cacau Pirêra], right bank of the Rio Negro, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Certhiaxis cinnamomea pallida"],["16399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus cearensis","(Cory, 1916)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Maranhão, Ceará, Piauí, Pernambuco, and northern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC1D66C4",null,null,"Juá, near Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/12/mode/1up","Synallaxis cinnamomea cearensis"],["16400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Certhiaxis cinnamomeus russeolus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF15DA24",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/233/mode/1up","Sylvia russeola"],["16401","genus","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 24 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Synallaxis ruficapilla [Vieillot, 1819]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 17).  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/160913#page/127/mode/1up","Synallaxis"],["16402","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis hypochondriaca","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.14","Great Spinetail","Great Spinetail","Great Spinetail",null,null,"northwestern Peru (upper arid Marañón Valley)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702597","grespi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grespi2","avibase-577F7CE5",null,null,"Malea [=Malca] and Cajabamba, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/30/mode/1up","Siptornis hypochondriacus"],["16403","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis chinchipensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.205 p.8","Chinchipe Spinetail","Chinchipe Spinetail","Chinchipe Spinetail",null,null,"northwestern Peru (upper Marañón and Chinchipe valleys)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103675711","necspi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necspi3","avibase-B846892A",null,null,"Perico, Río Chinchipe, Peru.","Descriptions of one new genus and of species of birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4108/","Synallaxis stictothorax chinchipensis"],["16404","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis zimmeri","Koepcke, 1957","Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado, Serie A (ser.A) no.18 p.2","Russet-bellied Spinetail","Russet-bellied Spinetail","Russet-bellied Spinetail",null,null,"west slope of Andes of central Peru (Ancash)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702375","rubspi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubspi3","avibase-A26F286A",null,null,"Cerca de Colcabamba, Quebrada lateral al Río Casma, 9°36'S, 77°49'W, Huaráz, Anhash, Perú.","Una nueva especie de Synallaxis (Furnariidae, Aves) de las vertientes occidentales Andinas del Perú central. '",null,"Synallaxis zimmeri"],["16405","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis stictothorax","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.191","Necklaced Spinetail","Necklaced Spinetail","Necklaced Spinetail",null,null,"arid scrub and deciduous woodland edge of lowlands of coastal west-central Ecuador to northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103675609","necspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necspi1","avibase-76C2CF63",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.","On some New Species of Synallaxis, and on the Geographical Distribution of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/255/mode/1up","Synallaxis stictothorax"],["16406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of southwestern Ecuador and Isla Puná",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D3009BA",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.","On some New Species of Synallaxis, and on the Geographical Distribution of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/255/mode/1up","Synallaxis stictothorax"],["16407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis stictothorax maculata","Lawrence, 1872","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Peru (Tumbes, Lambayeque, Piura, and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECEB59CF",null,null,"Department of Tumbes, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/206/mode/1up","Synallaxis maculata"],["16408","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinerascens","Temminck, 1823","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.38, vol.3 pl.227 fig.3","Grey-bellied Spinetail","Gray-bellied Spinetail","Grey-bellied Spinetail",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil, northern Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702337","gybspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybspi1","avibase-EACB5EC8",null,null,"Brazil = Ypanema, São Paulo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/296/mode/1up","Synallaxis cinerascens"],["16409","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis scutata","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.191","Ochre-cheeked Spinetail","Ochre-cheeked Spinetail","Ochre-cheeked Spinetail",null,null,"deciduous to semi-deciduous forest from northeastern Brazil, in Piauí and Ceará, southwestward across interior Brazil to northern São Paulo, westward across the Caatinga of south-central Brazil to northwestern Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and southward to northwestern Argentina (southward to Salta); also sparsely in western Bolivia and adjacent Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702399","occspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/occspi1","avibase-B4084EB9",null,null,"Brazil; type from Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]","On some New Species of Synallaxis, and on the Geographical Distribution of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/255/mode/1up","Synallaxis scutata"],["16410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis scutata scutata","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83986682",null,null,"Brazil; type from Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]","On some New Species of Synallaxis, and on the Geographical Distribution of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/255/mode/1up","Synallaxis scutata"],["16411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis scutata whitii","Sclater, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.600 pl.17 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, and Tarija), southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso), far northwestern Paraguay, and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta, possibly also western Formosa, southward to Catamarca); an isolated population in southeastern Peru (Puno) and adjacent far western Bolivia may represent an undescribed subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A54B777",null,null,"Oran, Salta, Argentina.","On two new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. E. W. White in the Argentine Republic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/664/mode/1up","Synallaxis whitii"],["16412","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis maranonica","Taczanowski, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.230","Maranon Spinetail","Marañon Spinetail","Maranon Spinetail",null,null,"southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) to northwestern Peru (northern Cajamarca)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702350","marspi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marspi3","avibase-3881816B",null,null,"Guajango, Río Marañón, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/314/mode/1up","Synallaxis maranonica"],["16413","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis gujanensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.988","Plain-crowned Spinetail","Plain-crowned Spinetail","Plain-crowned Spinetail",null,null,"riparian and gallery forest and shrubland in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to eastern Bolivia, and eastward across Amazonian Brazil, mostly south of the Amazon River, to northeastern Pará and northern Maranhão; northward across the Amazon River mouth to the Guianas to eastern Venezuela and adjacent northern Brazil, and to the Orinoco basin of central Venezuela west to northeasternmost Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702354","plcspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plcspi1","avibase-CFEEAE9D",null,null,"Guiana = Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. enlum., pl. 686, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/489/mode/1up","Motacilla gujanensis"],["16414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis gujanensis columbiana","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.620",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B6BAFD5",null,null,"Buenavista, 4500 feet, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Synallaxis gujanensis columbianus"],["16415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.988",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (Amazonas and northern Roraima eastward to Amapá and, south of the Amazon River, from Pará and northern Mato Grosso eastward to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29964D22",null,null,"Guiana = Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. enlum., pl. 686, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/489/mode/1up","Motacilla gujanensis"],["16416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae","Cory, 1919","The Auk 36, no.2 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peru (Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBA7828F",null,null,"Lagunas, lower Río Huallaga, Peru.","New forms of South American Birds and proposed new subgenera.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss2/15/","Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae"],["16417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BA88741",null,null,"Río Tavara, 1600 feet, long. 70° 20' W., lat. 13° 25' S., Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus"],["16418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis gujanensis inornata","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Amazonas) and adjacent Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87E42BD7",null,null,"Salto de Girao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/175/mode/1up","Synallaxis inornata"],["16419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis gujanensis certhiola","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3492B31",null,null,"Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/127/mode/1up","Synallaxis certhiola"],["16420","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albilora","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.160","White-lored Spinetail","White-lored Spinetail","White-lored Spinetail","2025-0742","Taxon <em>simoni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Synallaxis albilora</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016b), supported by plumages. Genetic data would be informative.","eastern Bolivia (eastern Santa Cruz) to interior southwestern Brazil and northern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103675238","whlspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlspi1","avibase-C9D1480B",null,null,"Cuiaba, Mato Grosso.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/174/mode/1up","Synallaxis albilora"],["16421","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis simoni","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.54","Araguaia Spinetail","Araguaia Spinetail","Araguaia Spinetail","2025-0742","Taxon <em>simoni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Synallaxis albilora</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016b), supported by plumages. Genetic data would be informative.","Pantanal of western Brazil (Araguaia Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103675261","whlspi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlspi3","avibase-C264B15A",null,null,"Rio Araguaya, Goiaz [=Goiás], Brazil.","Exhibition and description of six new species and subspecies from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/478/mode/1up","Synallaxis simoni"],["16422","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis subpudica","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.10","Silvery-throated Spinetail","Silvery-throated Spinetail","Silvery-throated Spinetail",null,null,"eastern Andes of northern Colombia (Boyacá and Cundinamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702331","sitspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sitspi1","avibase-B96EBCC1",null,null,"Bogotá; type a trade skin.","On the Species of the Genus Synallaxis of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/16/mode/1up","Synallaxis subpudica"],["16423","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis brachyura","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290","Slaty Spinetail","Slaty Spinetail","Slaty Spinetail",null,null,"forest edge and scrub of lowlands to hills of Caribbean slope from northeastern Honduras to Nicaragua, thence both slopes in Costa Rica and western Panama, disjunctly in central and eastern Panama through Cauca and Magdalena valleys of north-central Colombia, and west of Andes southward to far northern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702308","slaspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slaspi1","avibase-4826C507",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synallaxis brachyurus"],["16424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis brachyura nigrifumosa","Lawrence, 1865","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-865128F1",null,null,"Greytown, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/201/mode/1up","Synallaxis nigrofumosa"],["16425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis brachyura griseonucha","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A799CDF4",null,null,"Santa Rosa, El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Synallaxis brachyurus griseonuchus"],["16426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis brachyura brachyura","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Magdalena Valley and northern western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B74355AA",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synallaxis brachyurus"],["16427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis brachyura caucae","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.622",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical Colombia (Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9928A1B5",null,null,"La Manuelita, 3500 feet, near Palmira, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Synallaxis pudica caucae"],["16428","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis tithys","Taczanowski, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.323","Blackish-headed Spinetail","Blackish-headed Spinetail","Blackish-headed Spinetail",null,null,"arid tropical southwestern Ecuador to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702334","blhspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhspi1","avibase-44BB2064",null,null,"Lechugal, Tumbes, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/421/mode/1up","Synallaxis tithys"],["16429","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis kollari","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.158 pl.1 fig.3","Hoary-throated Spinetail","Hoary-throated Spinetail","Hoary-throated Spinetail",null,null,"locally in campos of northern Brazil (Roraima) and (?) adjacent Guyana",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702393","hotspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hotspi1","avibase-4385B2A7",null,null,"Forte do São Joaquim, Rio Branco, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/172/mode/1up","Synallaxis Kollari"],["16430","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis erythrothorax","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.75 pl.86","Rufous-breasted Spinetail","Rufous-breasted Spinetail","Rufous-breasted Spinetail",null,null,"forest clearings often near water in lowlands and hills of Caribbean slope from central Veracruz, eastern Puebla, and northern Oaxaca, including Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel), through northwestern Honduras, and Pacific slope from southeastern Chiapas through El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702378","rubspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubspi2","avibase-FFBBA594",null,null,"Coban and Honduras.","On some new or little known Species of Birds in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/835/mode/1up","Synallaxis erythrothorax"],["16431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis erythrothorax erythrothorax","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.75 pl.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (from Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatan Peninsula) to northwestern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B91CD0BA",null,null,"Coban and Honduras.","On some new or little known Species of Birds in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/835/mode/1up","Synallaxis erythrothorax"],["16432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis erythrothorax pacifica","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.414 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A792E29",null,null,"San Felipe, Retalhuleu, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3131/","Synallaxis erythrothorax pacifica"],["16433","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis candei","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.8 p.165","White-whiskered Spinetail","White-whiskered Spinetail","White-whiskered Spinetail",null,null,"deciduous forest and scrub in the lowlands of northern Colombia westward to northern Antioquia, southward to the middle Magdalena Valley in northern Santander, and eastward to northwestern Venezuela (incluing the Guajira Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702387","whwspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwspi1","avibase-CF9F617D",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia.","Notice sur quelques oiseaux de Carthagène et de la partie du Mexique la plus voisine, rapportés par M. Ferdinand de Candé, officier de la marine royale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/171/mode/1up","Synnalaxis Candei"],["16434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis candei candei","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.8 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Caribbean littoral of northern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4440E6E3",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia.","Notice sur quelques oiseaux de Carthagène et de la partie du Mexique la plus voisine, rapportés par M. Ferdinand de Candé, officier de la marine royale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/171/mode/1up","Synnalaxis Candei"],["16435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis candei atrigularis","(Todd, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B2ECF84",null,null,"Gamarra, Magdalena, Colombia.","New genera, species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/155/mode/1up","Poecilurus atrigularis"],["16436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis candei venezuelensis","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula) and arid northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C45107D",null,null,"Río Aurare, 15 miles east of Maracaibo, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/18/mode/1up","Synallaxis candei venezuelensis"],["16437","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis fuscorufa","Sclater, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.3 p.578 pl.43 fig.1","Rusty-headed Spinetail","Rusty-headed Spinetail","Rusty-headed Spinetail",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702372","ruhspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhspi1","avibase-54649F25",null,null,"San Sebastian, 7000 feet, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On two apparently new Species of the Genus Synallaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/706/mode/1up","Synallaxis fusco-rufa"],["16438","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis castanea","Sclater, 1856","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.466","Black-throated Spinetail","Black-throated Spinetail","Black-throated Spinetail",null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua to Distrito Federal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702369","bltspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltspi1","avibase-8E8B7555",null,null,"near Caracas, Venezuela.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/508/mode/1up","Synallaxis castanea"],["16439","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis unirufa","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290","Rufous Spinetail","Rufous Spinetail","Rufous Spinetail",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra de Perijá and Andes of western Venezuela southwestward along western, central and eastern Andes of Colombia to southern Peru, to northern Cusco; in the western Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702366","rufspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufspi1","avibase-DF37E154",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis unirufus"],["16440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis unirufa munoztebari","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (eastern Colombia) and Andes of western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-769DDE56",null,null,"Cerro Tetarí , alto Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela.","Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perijá Mountains, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/20/mode/1up","Synallaxis unirufa munoztebari"],["16441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis unirufa meridana","Hartert & Goodson, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia and Andes of western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A75E5E7A",null,null,"Andes of Mérida, Escorial 3000 m, Walle 2165 m; coll. 1917","Further notes on South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/568/mode/1up","Synallaxis unirufa meridana"],["16442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis unirufa unirufa","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F13027C5",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Synnalaxis unirufus"],["16443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis unirufa ochrogaster","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru southward to Cordillera Vilcabamba (northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C372F729",null,null,"La Lejia, north of Chachapoyas [Amazonas], Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis unirufa ochrogaster"],["16444","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.291","Stripe-breasted Spinetail","Stripe-breasted Spinetail","Stripe-breasted Spinetail",null,null,"humid forest in the foothills of Sierra de Perijá, the northeastern Andes of Colombia (southward to northern Meta) and Andes of western Venezuela eastward along the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela to the Paría Peninsula and Trinidad and Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702381","stbspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbspi1","avibase-5EA3AA05",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/299/mode/1up","Synnalaxis cinnamomeus"],["16445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea carri","Chapman, 1895","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 7, art.9 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F56ABD11",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Further notes on Trinidad birds ; with a description of a new species of Synallaxis","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/531","Synallaxis carri"],["16446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea terrestris","Jardine, 1847","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.19, no.124 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4759A52",null,null,"Tobago.","VIII. Horae Zoologicae. [Continued from vol. xviii. p. 121.] Ornithology of the Island of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19437#page/106/mode/1up","Synallaxis terrestris"],["16447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B52E2B7E",null,null,"Colombia = Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/299/mode/1up","Synnalaxis cinnamomeus"],["16448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea aveledoi","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales no.65-66 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (Falcón, Lara, and northern Táchira) and Andes of northern Colombia (Norte de Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A3B0616",null,null,"Cubiro, 1800 meters, Lara, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cinco aves nuevas de Venezuela y commentarios sobre Columbigallina passerina tortugensis Fernández y Machaeropterus regulus aureopectus Phelps y Gilliard.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cinco-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-comentarios-sobre-columbigallina-passerina-tortugensis-fernandez-y-machaeropterus-regulus-aureopectus-phelps-y-gilliard/","Synallaxis cinnamomea aveledoi"],["16449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea bolivari","Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-627602DA",null,null,"Silla de Caracas, Venezuela.","Exhibition and description of two new subspecies of Venezuelan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/355/mode/1up","Synallaxis terrestris bolivari"],["16450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea striatipectus","Chapman, 1899","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12, art.9 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Sucre, Anzoátegui, and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0B56DC7",null,null,"? Quebrada Seca [Sucre], Venezuela.","Descriptions of five apparently new birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/769","Synallaxis striatipectus"],["16451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinnamomea pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF1EF15E",null,null,"Cerro Humo, Irapa, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/50/mode/1up","Synallaxis cinnamomea pariae"],["16452","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cherriei","Gyldenstolpe, 1930","Arkiv för Zoologi 21A no.25 p.3","Chestnut-throated Spinetail","Chestnut-throated Spinetail","Chestnut-throated Spinetail",null,null,"bamboo-dominated humid forest in the Amazon basin in southern Colombia and eastern Ecuador, sparsely across eastern Peru, far northwestern Bolivia (Pando), and eastward in southern Amazonian Brazil (Pará, northern Tocantins, northern Mato Grosso, and Acre)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702363","chtspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtspi1","avibase-F7040F57",null,null,"Barão de Melgaço, 11°51'S, 60°43' W, alto Rio Jiparaná, Rondônia, Brasil.",null,null,"Synallaxis cherriei cherriei"],["16453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cherriei saturata","Carriker, 1934","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 86 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Perú (San Martín, Ayacucho, Cusco), and probably northern Bolivia (Pando)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19865498",null,null,"Moyobamba, 3500 feet, San Martin, Peru.","Description of new Birds from Peru, with notes on the nomenclature and status of other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064152","Synallaxis cherriei saturata"],["16454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cherriei napoensis","Gyldenstolpe, 1930","Arkiv för Zoologi 21A no.25 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (Putumayo) and eastern Ecuador (western Sucumbíos and western Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2B94BA6",null,null,"near the Río Napo, 3000 feet, Ecuador.","On a new Spine-tail from East Ecuador together with some notes on the forms of the Synallaxis rutilans group.",null,"Synallaxis cherriei napoensis"],["16455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cherriei cherriei","Gyldenstolpe, 1930","Arkiv för Zoologi 21A no.25 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil (Acre, Rondônia, northern Mato Grosso, and southern Pará from lower Rio Xingu eastward to the Serra dos Carajás and northern Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0FCF131",null,null,"Barão de Melgaço, 11°51'S, 60°43' W, alto Rio Jiparaná, Rondônia, Brasil.",null,null,"Synallaxis cherriei cherriei"],["16456","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans","Temminck, 1823","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.38, vol.3 pl.227 fig.1","Ruddy Spinetail","Ruddy Spinetail","Ruddy Spinetail",null,null,"tropical rainforest from the Orinoco basin of southern and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas across the Amazon basin southward to northern Bolivia and southern Mato Grosso, Brazil, west to eastern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and eastward to northern Maranhão",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702360","rudspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudspi1","avibase-FF69CFDB",null,null,"Brazil; Cametá, Rio Tocantins, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/295/mode/1up","Synallaxis rutilans"],["16457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.621",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E561C76",null,null,"Florencia, 1000 feet, Caquetá, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis"],["16458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans confinis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Brazil (between Rio Negro and Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57BED9FA",null,null,"Igarapé Cacao Pereira [=Cacau Pirêra], right bank of the Rio Negro, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis rutilans confinis"],["16459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans dissors","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River (east of Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B3A52FB",null,null,"Campos Salles, Manaus, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis rutilans dissors"],["16460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans amazonica","Hellmayr, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.1 p.13,14",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (south of Amazon River, eastward to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FECA642B",null,null,"Itaituba [left bank of the Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Another contribution to the Ornithology of the Lower Amazons. I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/29/mode/1up","Synallaxis rutilans amazonica"],["16461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans rutilans","Temminck, 1823","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.38, vol.3 pl.227 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F4386EA",null,null,"Brazil; Cametá, Rio Tocantins, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/295/mode/1up","Synallaxis rutilans"],["16462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans omissa","Hartert, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tocantins to northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F20009B",null,null,"Belém, Brazil.","[Exhibition and description of one species and one subspecies of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/231/mode/1up","Synallaxis omissa"],["16463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis rutilans tertia","Hellmayr, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Bolivia (northern La Paz) and adjacent western Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A4FF633",null,null,"Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso.","Another contribution to the Ornithology of the Lower Amazons. I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/31/mode/1up","Synallaxis rutilans tertia"],["16464","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis moesta","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.26","Dusky Spinetail","Dusky Spinetail","Dusky Spinetail",null,null,"humid forest along the foothills of the eastern Andes in eastern Colombia southward across Ecuador to northern Peru, southward to San Martin north of the Río Huallaga",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702321","dusspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusspi1","avibase-AFB20B1F",null,null,"Bogotá.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/60/mode/1up","Synallaxis moesta"],["16465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis moesta brunneicaudalis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.350 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (San Martín and Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-209EC31C",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/96/mode/1up","Synallaxis brunneicaudalis"],["16466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis moesta moesta","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.302 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DA83B63",null,null,"Bogotá.","On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/60/mode/1up","Synallaxis moesta"],["16467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis moesta obscura","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.620",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3A0E1A2",null,null,"La Murelia, Río Bodoquera, 600 feet, Caquetá, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Synallaxis moesta obscura"],["16468","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cabanisi","Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6 p.21","Cabanis's Spinetail","Cabanis's Spinetail","Cabanis's Spinetail",null,null,"humid forest in the foothills of the Andes from central Peru (northern Ucayali and Huánuco) southeastward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba and adjacent southern Beni)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702328","cabspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cabspi1","avibase-26536ACF",null,null,"Peru; Chanchamayo Valley, Junín, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 83.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/31/mode/1up","Synallaxis cabanisi"],["16469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cabanisi cabanisi","Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern base of Andes of Peru (northward to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FA707E2",null,null,"Peru; Chanchamayo Valley, Junín, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 83.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/31/mode/1up","Synallaxis cabanisi"],["16470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.123 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern base of Andes of Bolivia (southward to southern Beni and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-546C6597",null,null,"Yungas, 3600 feet, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new genera and species of Tracheophonae from Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4333/","Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris"],["16471","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis macconnelli","Chubb, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.78-79","McConnell's Spinetail","McConnell's Spinetail","McConnell's Spinetail",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702324","mccspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mccspi1","avibase-FA19AF14",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana","Description of a new species of Spine-tail from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/216/mode/1up","Synallaxis macconnelli"],["16472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis macconnelli macconnelli","Chubb, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.78-79",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE561B82",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, British Guiana","Description of a new species of Spine-tail from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/216/mode/1up","Synallaxis macconnelli"],["16473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis macconnelli obscurior","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of Guyana, Suriname, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5934B69",null,null,"Tamanoir, Mana River, French Guiana.","Critical remarks on the Oven-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/53/mode/1up","Synallaxis cabanisi obscurior"],["16474","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis infuscata","Pinto, 1950","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 9 p.362","Pinto's Spinetail","Pinto's Spinetail","Pinto's Spinetail",null,null,"northeastern Brazil (northeastern Maranhão, eastern Pernambuco, and adjacent Alagoas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702317","pinspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinspi1","avibase-896E26C8",null,null,"Usina Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Municipio de Vitoria de Santo Antão, en el este de Pernambuco, Brasil.","Miscelanea Ornitologica. V. Descriçao de uma subespecie nordestina em Synallaxis ruficapilla Vieillot (Fam. Furnariidae).","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208498","Synallaxis ruficapilla infuscata"],["16475","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis ruficapilla","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.310","Rufous-capped Spinetail","Rufous-capped Spinetail","Rufous-capped Spinetail",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702284","rucspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucspi1","avibase-9D69DD94",null,null,"Brazil; type from near Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/330/mode/1up","Synallaxis ruficapilla"],["16476","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis cinerea","Wied-Neuwied, 1831","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.685","Bahia Spinetail","Bahia Spinetail","Bahia Spinetail",null,null,"eastern Brazil (interior and southern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724488","bahspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahspi1","avibase-19D03376",null,null,"Andes de San Fernando, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/707/mode/1up","Synallaxis cinereus"],["16477","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis hellmayri","Reiser, 1905","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 42 p.323","Red-shouldered Spinetail","Red-shouldered Spinetail","Red-shouldered Spinetail",null,null,"arid northeastern Brazil (Piauí, northern Bahia, and western Pernambuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702344","resspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resspi2","avibase-B8B8C7FA",null,null,"Hacienda Serra, Rio Grande, en el noroeste de Bahía, Brasil.",null,null,"Synallaxis hellmayri"],["16478","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis spixi","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.307 p.98","Spix's Spinetail","Spix's Spinetail","Spix's Spinetail",null,null,"southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702304","spispi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spispi1","avibase-BFD679A6",null,null,"Brazil = São Paulo, ex Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 27, 1859, p. 192.","On some New or Imperfectly-known Species of Synallaxis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/134/mode/1up","Synallaxis Spixi"],["16479","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis hypospodia","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.10","Cinereous-breasted Spinetail","Cinereous-breasted Spinetail","Cinereous-breasted Spinetail",null,null,"locally from southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia to central and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702314","cibspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibspi1","avibase-284CBAE3",null,null,"near Baia, Brazil [=Bahia, Brazil]","On the Species of the Genus Synallaxis of the Family Dendrocolaptidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/16/mode/1up","Synallaxis hypospodia"],["16480","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albigularis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.350 p.63","Dark-breasted Spinetail","Dark-breasted Spinetail","Dark-breasted Spinetail",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the western Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward across Ecuador, Peru and western Brazil (Acre) to far northeastern Bolivia (in La Paz), eastward along the Amazon River to eastern Amazonas, west of the Rio Madeira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702311","dabspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dabspi1","avibase-0869AB18",null,null,"Río Napo; Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/97/mode/1up","Synallaxis albigularis"],["16481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albigularis rodolphei","Bond, 1956","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 108 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3269C59E",null,null,"Río Rumiyaco, sureste de Colombia.","Additional notes on Peruvian birds II.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064522","Synallaxis albigularis rodolphei"],["16482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albigularis albigularis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.350 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBD5A134",null,null,"Río Napo; Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/97/mode/1up","Synallaxis albigularis"],["16483","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis beverlyae","Hilty & Ascanio, 2009","The Auk 126, no.3 p.485-492","Rio Orinoco Spinetail","Rio Orinoco Spinetail","Orinoco Spinetail",null,null,"river islands in the upper Río Orinoco of Venezuela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736309","riospi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/riospi1","avibase-4435DE4C",null,null,"a small unnamed river island west of a larger island known locally as \"Isla Garcita\" (5°29'39\"N, 67°37'29\"W; 130 m elevation), in the Río Orinoco, and ~22 km south of Pto. Ayacucho, Venezuela","A new species of spinetail (furnariidae: synallaxis) from the rio orinoco of venezuela","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/126/3/485/5148440","Synallaxis beverlyae"],["16484","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens","Temminck, 1823","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.38, vol.3 pl.227 fig.2","Pale-breasted Spinetail","Pale-breasted Spinetail","Pale-breasted Spinetail",null,null,"shrubland and savanna habitats from southwestern Costa Rica eastward to south-central Panama, in northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to the upper Río Patía Valley and Huila); eastward across Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), Trinidad, far northern Brazil (Roraima), and the Guianas, and southward along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, interior Brazil, and southern Amazonian Brazil (to Rio Grande do Sul), western Uruguay, Paraguay, eastern and northern Bolivia, far southeastern Peru, and southward to central Argentina (southward to Río Negro), in Amazonian Brazil westward along the Amazon River to far southeastern Colombia and adjacent Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702301","pabspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabspi1","avibase-346286FC",null,null,"Brazil; Cimeterio do Lambari, near Sorocaba, São Paulo, designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/295/mode/1up","Synallaxis albescens"],["16485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens latitabunda","Bangs, 1907","The Auk 24, no.3 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A455849",null,null,"Boruca, Costa Rica.","On a collection of birds from western Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol24/iss3/5/","Synallaxis albescens latitabunda"],["16486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens insignis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB45BCFE",null,null,"Quetame, 4800 feet, Eastern Andes, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis albescens insignis"],["16487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens occipitalis","Madarász, 1903","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1173F55B",null,null,"Valle, 3000 meters, El Escorial, Mérida, Venezuela.","Description of some new birds from Venezuela.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1903_Vol_1_462.pdf","Synallaxis occipitalis"],["16488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens littoralis","Todd, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean littoral of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D4FAA40",null,null,"Lorica, Río Sinu, Colombia.","Critical remarks on the Oven-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/52/mode/1up","Synallaxis albescens littoralis"],["16489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens perpallida","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula) and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-977A9FC9",null,null,"Río Hacha, Guajira, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/127/mode/1up","Synallaxis albescens perpallida"],["16490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens nesiotis","Clark, 1902","The Auk 19, no.3 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia) to northern Venezuela; Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CE59176",null,null,"El Valle, Margarita Island.","The birds of Margarita Island, Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol19/iss3/7/","Synallaxis albescens nesiotis"],["16491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens trinitatis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6231D9E",null,null,"Princestown, Trinidad.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis albescens trinitatis"],["16492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens josephinae","Chubb, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and adjacent northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A8ED5F8",null,null,"Mt. Roraima.","Descriptions of a new genus and five new subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/198/mode/1up","Synallaxis albigularis Josephinae"],["16493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens inaequalis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana and northeastern and north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EEF4645",null,null,"Villa Bella Imperatriz, south bank of the Amazon, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis albescens inaequalis"],["16494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens albescens","Temminck, 1823","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.38, vol.3 pl.227 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-747A8672",null,null,"Brazil; Cimeterio do Lambari, near Sorocaba, São Paulo, designated as type locality by Hellmayr, 1925, p. 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/295/mode/1up","Synallaxis albescens"],["16495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis albescens australis","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-963A567F",null,null,"Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 18, Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Perú and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis albescens australis"],["16496","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis frontalis","Pelzeln, 1859","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 34 p.117","Sooty-fronted Spinetail","Sooty-fronted Spinetail","Sooty-fronted Spinetail",null,null,"deciduous and gallery forest and scrub from northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará), southward along the Atlantic Coast to Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay, and southwestward across interior Brazil eastward to eastern Pará, Mato Grosso, and eastern Rondônia, across Paraguay southward to central Argentina (to northern La Pampa) and west to central Bolivia (Cochabamba and eastern La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702287","sofspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sofspi1","avibase-EC44FF24",null,null,"Rio São Francisco, Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30199#page/133/mode/1up","Synallaxis frontalis"],["16497","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis courseni","Blake, 1971","The Auk 88, no.1 p.179","Apurimac Spinetail","Apurimac Spinetail","Apurimac Spinetail",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Bosque de Ampay region of Apurímac)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702295","apuspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apuspi1","avibase-9B2C56D1",null,null,"Bosque Abancay, Apurímac, Perú.","A new species of spinetail (Synallaxis) from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol88/iss1/34/","Synallaxis courseni"],["16498","species","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae","d'Orbigny, 1838","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr.36, Oiseaux p.246","Azara's Spinetail","Azara's Spinetail","Azara's Spinetail",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub in the Andes from western Venezuela southward across Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to northwest Argentina, southward to La Rioja; in the western Andes southward to northern Peru, north and west of the Río Marañón in Cajamarca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22702290","azaspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azaspi1","avibase-C4F2C3B6",null,null,"Bolivia; = Carcuata, Yungas, fide Hellmayr, 1925, p. 77, note a",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/262/mode/1up","Synallaxis Azarae"],["16499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae elegantior","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A916ABCF",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/325/mode/1up","Synallaxis elegantior"],["16500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae media","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.618",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5AD4B9D",null,null,"Salento, 7000 feet, Central Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Synallaxis azarae media"],["16501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae ochracea","Zimmer, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.861 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FAAF8C1",null,null,"San Bartolo, 7500 feet, Alamor Range, Ecuador.","Studies of Peruvian birds. 20, Notes on the genus Synallaxis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3953/","Synallaxis azarae ochracea"],["16502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae fruticicola","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.670",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (La Libertad, Cajamarca, San Martín, and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-437C3264",null,null,"Tambillo, Chota, Peru.","Description d'un nouveau Synallaxe péruvien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/448/mode/1up","Synallaxis fruticicola"],["16503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae infumata","Zimmer, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.8 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Peru (San Martín, Huánuco, and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BEDD501",null,null,"Chinchao, 5700 feet, Huánuco, Peru.","Two new Birds from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20390#page/9/mode/1up","Synallaxis azarae infumata"],["16504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae urubambae","Zimmer, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.819 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-941D880D",null,null,"Torontoy, 7800 feet, Urubamba Canon, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 18. Diagnoses of new species and subspecies of Furnariidae from Peru and other parts of South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4036/","Synallaxis azarae urubambae"],["16505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae azarae","d'Orbigny, 1838","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr.36, Oiseaux p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from southern Peru (Puno) to central Bolivia (southward to northwestern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD51B909",null,null,"Bolivia; = Carcuata, Yungas, fide Hellmayr, 1925, p. 77, note a",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/262/mode/1up","Synallaxis Azarae"],["16506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae samaipatae","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941","Notulae Naturae no.93 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, and Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D54E3DE8",null,null,"Samaipata, 5500 feet, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.",null,null,"Synallaxis superciliosa samaipatae"],["16507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Furnariidae","Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers","Synallaxis azarae superciliosa","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADF5E372",null,null,"San Javier, Tucumán, Argentina.","[Über eine Anzahl neuer Arten, welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz in Agentinien speciell im Gebiete von Tucuman, gesammelt worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/122/mode/1up","Synallaxis superciliosa"],["16508","family","Passeriformes","Menuridae","Lyrebirds","Menuridae",null,null,"Lyrebirds","Lyrebirds","Lyrebirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"menuri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/menuri1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16509","genus","Passeriformes","Menuridae","Lyrebirds","Menura","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Menura novaehollandiae [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/67/mode/1up","Menura"],["16510","species","Passeriformes","Menuridae","Lyrebirds","Menura alberti","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.215","Albert's Lyrebird","Albert's Lyrebird","Albert's Lyrebird",null,null,"east-central Australia (southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703602","alblyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alblyr1","avibase-05554FAE",null,null,"Australia [= Richmond River, fide Mathews, 1919, Birds Australia, 7, p. 409] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/345/mode/1up","Menura alberti"],["16511","species","Passeriformes","Menuridae","Lyrebirds","Menura novaehollandiae","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxi","Superb Lyrebird","Superb Lyrebird","Superb Lyrebird",null,null,"southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703605","suplyr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suplyr1","avibase-952F5682",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/67/mode/1up","Menura novaehollandiae"],["16512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Menuridae","Lyrebirds","Menura novaehollandiae edwardi","Chisholm, 1921","The Emu 20 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (southeastern Queensland to Hunter River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A8658D8",null,null,"Stanthorpe, southern Queensland.","A New Menura : Prince Edward's Lyre-Bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35247#page/301/mode/1up","Menura edwardi"],["16513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Menuridae","Lyrebirds","Menura novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lxi",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central New South Wales to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66C9308C",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/67/mode/1up","Menura novaehollandiae"],["16514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Menuridae","Lyrebirds","Menura novaehollandiae victoriae","Gould, 1865","Handbook to the birds of Australia 1 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (eastern Victoria; introduced southern Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E0A48C0",null,null,"Port Philip, Melbourne, Australia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34623#page/314/mode/1up","Menura victoriae"],["16515","family","Passeriformes","Atrichornithidae","Scrubbirds","Atrichornithidae",null,null,"Scrubbirds","Scrub-birds","Scrub-birds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"atrich1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atrich1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16516","genus","Passeriformes","Atrichornithidae","Scrubbirds","Atrichornis","Stejneger, 1885","The Standard Natural History 4 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Atrichia clamosa [Gould, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16767#page/510/mode/1up","Atrichornis"],["16517","species","Passeriformes","Atrichornithidae","Scrubbirds","Atrichornis clamosus","(Gould, 1844)","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.14) pl.34, with text","Noisy Scrubbird","Noisy Scrub-bird","Noisy Scrub-bird",null,null,"southwestern Australia (coastal heaths east of Albany)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703612","nosbir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nosbir1","avibase-D3A5B317",null,null,"between Perth and Augusta, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/145/mode/1up","Atrichia clamosa"],["16518","species","Passeriformes","Atrichornithidae","Scrubbirds","Atrichornis rufescens","(Ramsay, 1866)","Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser vol.7, no.132 p.2","Rufous Scrubbird","Rufous Scrub-bird","Rufous Scrub-bird",null,null,"east-central Australia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703608","rusbir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusbir1","avibase-EA9FC4C7",null,null,"Brushes of the Clarence and Richmond Rivers, New South Wales",null,null,"Atrichia rufescens"],["16519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Atrichornithidae","Scrubbirds","Atrichornis rufescens rufescens","(Ramsay, 1866)","Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser vol.7, no.132 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (upland southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EAF75C4",null,null,"Brushes of the Clarence and Richmond Rivers, New South Wales",null,null,"Atrichia rufescens"],["16520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Atrichornithidae","Scrubbirds","Atrichornis rufescens ferrieri","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (Dorrigo Plateau to Barrington Tops in eastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A71F75D4",null,null,"Upper Chichester River, NSW [=New South Wales, Australia]",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XXbJoaGF36YC&pg=PT91","Atrichornis rufescens ferrieri"],["16521","family","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteridae",null,null,"Australasian Treecreepers","Australasian Treecreepers","Australasian Treecreepers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"climac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/climac1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16522","genus","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates","Mathews, 1922","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 5, no.1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia leucophaea [Latham, 1801]; type by original designation",null,"Additions and corrections (to the Check List).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111060#page/8/mode/1up","Cormobates"],["16523","species","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates placens","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.693","Papuan Treecreeper","Papuan Treecreeper","Papuan Treecreeper",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703557","paptre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paptre1","avibase-9686AA8F",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/835/mode/1up","Climacteris placens"],["16524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates placens placens","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.693",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern to central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53EF171E",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/835/mode/1up","Climacteris placens"],["16525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates placens meridionalis","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D5626D6",null,null,"Owgarra, Angabunga River, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/53/mode/1up","Climacteris placeus meridionalis"],["16526","species","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates leucophaea","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxvi","White-throated Treecreeper","White-throated Treecreeper","White-throated Treecreeper",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703560","whttre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttre3","avibase-F91FF9AA",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/42/mode/1up","Certhia leucophaea"],["16527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates leucophaea minor","(Ramsay, 1891)","Tabular list of all the Australian birds at present known to the author, showing the distribution of the species over the continent of Australia and adjacent islands ed.2 add. p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (uplands of Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CB45A63",null,null,"Bartle Friere, Queensland.",null,null,"Climacteris leucophaea minor"],["16528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates leucophaea intermedia","(Boles & Longmore, 1984)","The Emu 83 p.272-275",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range and nearby lowlands, Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-478C4D09",null,null,"Timber Reserve 679, Clarke Range, Queensland","A new subspecies of treecreeper in the Climacteris leucophaea superspecies.",null,"Climacteris leucophaea intermedia"],["16529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates leucophaea metastasis","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central Queensland coast to east-central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01AB4112",null,null,"Conondale Range, QLD., 18 June 1985 coll. J.C. Wombey","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Cormobates leucophaeus metastasis"],["16530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates leucophaea leucophaea","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxvi",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central New South Wales to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E967D80B",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/42/mode/1up","Certhia leucophaea"],["16531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Cormobates leucophaea grisescens","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Mount Lofty Range, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-431A06B7",null,null,"Mount Lofty, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/407/mode/1up","Climacteris leucophaea grisescens"],["16532","genus","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LVXXXV",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Climacteris picumnus [Temminck, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 18).   ",null,null,null,"Climacteris"],["16533","species","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris affinis","Blyth, 1863","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 32, no.4 p.453","White-browed Treecreeper","White-browed Treecreeper","White-browed Treecreeper",null,null,"arid southern Western Australia eastward to ranges of central Australia, and eastern South Australia (western edge of Flinders Ranges), and southwestern Queenslandsouthward to southeastern South Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703571","whbtre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtre2","avibase-76842795",null,null,"no type locality; restricted to Broken Hill, New South Wales by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 695.","Report of the Curator, Zoological Department. (Continued from page 90.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115344#page/509/mode/1up","Climacteris affinis"],["16534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris affinis affinis","Blyth, 1863","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 32, no.4 p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern central Australia (eastern South Australia, south-central Queensland to northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9480006E",null,null,"no type locality; restricted to Broken Hill, New South Wales by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 695.","Report of the Curator, Zoological Department. (Continued from page 90.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115344#page/509/mode/1up","Climacteris affinis"],["16535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris affinis superciliosus","North, 1895","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.3 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (southern Western Australia, southern Northern Territory, and western South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9C123D6",null,null,"Ilara Creek, central Australia.","Preliminary Descriptions of a new Genus and of five new Species of Central Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/389/mode/1up","Climacteris superciliosa"],["16536","species","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris erythrops","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.148","Red-browed Treecreeper","Red-browed Treecreeper","Red-browed Treecreeper",null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to Wombat Ranges, central Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703574","rebtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebtre1","avibase-DC00AA16",null,null,"New South Wales.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/874/mode/1up","Climacteris erythrops"],["16537","species","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris picumnus","Temminck, 1824","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.47, vol.4 pl.281, fig. 1","Brown Treecreeper","Brown Treecreeper","Brown Treecreeper",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703577","brotre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brotre2","avibase-B3CBAA5C",null,null,"South Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/247/mode/1up","Climacteris picumnus"],["16538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris picumnus melanotus","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.165 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1694B92",null,null,"River Lynd [= Nasseau River] , Gulf of Carpenteria, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 693.","Exhibition and description of three Australian Birds collected by the late Mr. Gilbert.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/474/mode/1up","Climacteris melanota"],["16539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris picumnus picumnus","Temminck, 1824","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.47, vol.4 pl.281, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to central Victoria and eastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3503643",null,null,"South Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/247/mode/1up","Climacteris picumnus"],["16540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris picumnus victoriae","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland through eastern New South Wales to southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8DF5151",null,null,"Parwan, Victoria.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/406/mode/1up","Climacteris picumnus victoriae"],["16541","species","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris melanurus","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.138","Black-tailed Treecreeper","Black-tailed Treecreeper","Black-tailed Treecreeper",null,null,"north-central and west-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703580","bkttre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkttre1","avibase-49F0A05B",null,null,"northwest coast [= Derby, northwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 693].","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/290/mode/1up","Climacteris melanura"],["16542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris melanurus melanurus","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region to north-western Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7EBC999",null,null,"northwest coast [= Derby, northwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 693].","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/290/mode/1up","Climacteris melanura"],["16543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris melanurus wellsi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Ibis ser.9, vol.3, no.12 p.664",null,null,null,null,null,"Pilbara region (western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87AB0FD3",null,null,"Clifton Hills, mid-Western Australia.","On a Collection of Birds from Western Australia. With Field-notes by Mr. G. C. Shortridge.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35490#page/722/mode/1up","Climacteris wellsi"],["16544","species","Passeriformes","Climacteridae","Australasian Treecreepers","Climacteris rufus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.149","Rufous Treecreeper","Rufous Treecreeper","Rufous Treecreeper",null,null,"southwestern Australia (southwestern Western Australia eastward to Eyre Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703591","ruftre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftre3","avibase-F0A4903D",null,null,"Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/875/mode/1up","Climacteris rufa"],["16545","family","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ptilonorhynchidae",null,null,"Bowerbirds","Bowerbirds","Bowerbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ptilon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ptilon1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16546","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Sericulus","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Meliphaga chrysocephalus [Lewin, 1808]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/508/mode/1up","Sericulus"],["16547","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Sericulus chrysocephalus","(Lewin, 1808)","Birds of New Holland, with their natural history p.10 pl.6","Regent Bowerbird","Regent Bowerbird","Regent Bowerbird",null,null,"eastern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range, Gladstone to eastern New South Wales, just north of Sydney)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703676","regbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/regbow1","avibase-64F67694",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,null,"Meliphaga chrysocephala"],["16548","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Sericulus bakeri","(Chapin, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.367 p.1","Fire-maned Bowerbird","Fire-maned Bowerbird","Fire-maned Bowerbird",null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (humid montane forest of Adelbert Mountains)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703671","fimbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fimbow1","avibase-A188556A",null,null,"'Madang, Astrolabe Bay' = Adelbert Mountains, above 3,000 feet, above Maratambu Village.","A new bower-bird of the genus Xanthomelus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4087/","Xanthomelus bakeri"],["16549","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Sericulus aureus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108","Masked Bowerbird","Masked Bowerbird","Masked Bowerbird",null,null,"lowlands and foothill forest of western New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103683932","flabow3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flabow3","avibase-A10A0999",null,null,"'Asia', error for Vogelkop, northwestern New Guinea (restricted type locality).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","Coracias aurea"],["16550","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Sericulus ardens","(d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.113","Flame Bowerbird","Flame Bowerbird","Flame Bowerbird",null,null,"southern New Guinea (Torricelli and Prince Alexander mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736077","flabow2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flabow2","avibase-12CE6C35",null,null,"Upper Fly River (430 m.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/119/mode/1up","Xanthomelus ardens"],["16551","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ptilonorhynchus","Kuhl, 1820","Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie 1 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilonorhynchus holosericeus [Kuhl, 1820]; type by monotypy = Pyrrhocorax violaceus Vieillot, 1816  ",null,null,null,"Ptilonorhynchus"],["16552","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ptilonorhynchus violaceus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 6 p.569","Satin Bowerbird","Satin Bowerbird","Satin Bowerbird",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703679","satbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satbow1","avibase-5CF4CE65",null,null,"'Nouvelle Hollande' [= Sydney, New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60102#page/595/mode/1up","Pyrrhocorax violaceus"],["16553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ptilonorhynchus violaceus violaceus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 6 p.569",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Kroombit Tops, southeastern Queensland to eastern Victoria, Otway Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C86F3666",null,null,"'Nouvelle Hollande' [= Sydney, New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60102#page/595/mode/1up","Pyrrhocorax violaceus"],["16554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ptilonorhynchus violaceus minor","Campbell, 1912","The Emu 12 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64CC18E7",null,null,"Herberton, Queensland.","New Birds for Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81122#page/35/mode/1up","Ptilonorhynchus minor"],["16555","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera","Gould, 1837","The birds of Australia and the adjacent islands pt.1 text to pl.3,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Calodera maculata [Gould, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,"D:\\birds\\manuscripts\\1837\\Gould Birds Austr. Adj. Isl. Pt.1 nla.obj-185956948.pdf","https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-185308543/view?partId=nla.obj-185884713#page/n12/mode/1up","Chlamydera"],["16556","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera cerviniventris","Gould, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.106","Fawn-breasted Bowerbird","Fawn-breasted Bowerbird","Fawn-breasted Bowerbird",null,null,"southern and eastern New Guinea,and northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703703","fabbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fabbow1","avibase-93DAA1B3",null,null,"Cape York, N. Queensland.","A brief Account of the Researches in Natural History of John M'Gillivray, Esq., the naturalist attached to H. M. surveying Ship the Rattlesnake, on the North-eastern Coasts of Australia, New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/167/mode/1up","Chlamydera cerviniventris"],["16557","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera lauterbachi","Reichenow, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.24","Yellow-breasted Bowerbird","Yellow-breasted Bowerbird","Yellow-breasted Bowerbird",null,null,"west-central to northeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703700","yebbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbow1","avibase-E05381A1",null,null,"Jagei River, upper Ramu, German New Guinea.","Neue Vogelarten von Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/40/mode/1up","Chlamydodera lauterbachi"],["16558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera lauterbachi lauterbachi","Reichenow, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (Ramu River Valley eastward to the Huon Peninsula, perhaps also to the eastern Sepik and Baiyer rivers)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3FC637E",null,null,"Jagei River, upper Ramu, German New Guinea.","Neue Vogelarten von Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/40/mode/1up","Chlamydodera lauterbachi"],["16559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera lauterbachi uniformis","Rothschild, 1931","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"central New Guinea (Siriwo River east of Cenderawasih Bay, eastward to the Sepik River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93EBFFB0",null,null,"Siriwo River, head of Geelvink Bay.","On a collection of Birds made by Mr. F. Shaw Mayer in the Weyland Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, in 1930.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/274/mode/1up","Chlamydera lauterbachi uniformis"],["16560","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera nuchalis","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 pl.103, with text","Great Bowerbird","Great Bowerbird","Great Bowerbird",null,null,"northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703694","grebow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grebow1","avibase-0F4DA8F3",null,null,"Port Darwin district of Northern Territory [Designated type locality by Mayr and Jennings (1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1602, p. 11)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/311/mode/1up","Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis"],["16561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera nuchalis nuchalis","(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 pl.103, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9387860",null,null,"Port Darwin district of Northern Territory [Designated type locality by Mayr and Jennings (1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1602, p. 11)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/311/mode/1up","Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis"],["16562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera nuchalis orientalis","Gould, 1879","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.4, no.19 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to Sarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4762F56F",null,null,"Port Denison, Queensland.","VII. Observations on the Chlamydoderae or Bower-birds, with Description of a new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81200#page/88/mode/1up","Chlamydodera orientalis"],["16563","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera maculata","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.6","Spotted Bowerbird","Spotted Bowerbird","Spotted Bowerbird",null,null,"eastern Australia (northern Queensland to northern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703688","spobow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spobow1","avibase-2F763AC6",null,null,"New Holland [= Liverpool Plains, New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/33/mode/1up","Calodera maculata"],["16564","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera guttata","Gould, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.162","Western Bowerbird","Western Bowerbird","Western Bowerbird",null,null,"western and central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703682","wesbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesbow1","avibase-2C118B44",null,null,"North-West Australia, probably upper Fortescue River.","On a New Species of Chlamydera, or Bower-Bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/204/mode/1up","Chlamydera guttata"],["16565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera guttata guttata","Gould, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"central Western Australian coast (Cape Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41B843CE",null,null,"North-West Australia, probably upper Fortescue River.","On a New Species of Chlamydera, or Bower-Bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/204/mode/1up","Chlamydera guttata"],["16566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Chlamydera guttata carteri","Mathews, 1920","Ibis ser.11, vol.2 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid western Australia (Pilbara region to Goldfields), central Australia (southern Northern Territory and central Australian ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7D57807",null,null,"North-West Cape, mid-western Australia, August 9, 1916.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85249#page/593/mode/1up","Chlamydera maculata carteri"],["16567","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.213,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilonorhynchus smithii [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by monotypy = Lanius crassirostris Paykull, 1815",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/229/mode/1up","Ailuroedus"],["16568","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus stonii","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.339","Ochre-breasted Catbird","Ochre-breasted Catbird",null,"2025-0983","The <em>Ailuroedus buccoides</em> complex is treated as three species based on the genome-wide and mito-genomic data of Ericson et al. (2020): monotypic <em>A. buccoides;</em> polytypic <em>A. geislerorum </em>(including <em>molestus</em>); and polytypic <em>A. stonii </em>(including <em>cinnamomeus</em>).","southern watershed of southern and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,"ocbcat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbcat1","avibase-242ABF25",null,null,"Laloki River, southeast New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/359/mode/1up","Aeluraedus stonii"],["16569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus stonii stonii","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern New Guinea from the upper Purari River eastward along the coast to Amazon Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E509C82A",null,null,"Laloki River, southeast New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/359/mode/1up","Aeluraedus stonii"],["16570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus stonii cinnamomeus","Mees, 1964","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 40 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern New Guinea from the Mimika River eastward to the upper Fly River and the Lake Kutubu area",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34E387ED",null,null,"Noord River, New Guinea","Four new subspecies of birds from the Moluccas and New Guinea.","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149651","Ailuroedus buccoides cinnamomeus"],["16571","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus buccoides","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.2 pl.575","White-eared Catbird","White-eared Catbird",null,"2025-0983","The <em>Ailuroedus buccoides</em> complex is treated as three species based on the genome-wide and mito-genomic data of Ericson et al. (2020): monotypic <em>A. buccoides;</em> polytypic <em>A. geislerorum </em>(including <em>molestus</em>); and polytypic <em>A. stonii </em>(including <em>cinnamomeus</em>).","northwestern New Guinea eastward to southeastern Cenderawasih Bay, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,"whecat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whecat1","avibase-C62489F3",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/301/mode/1up","Kitta buccoides"],["16572","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus geislerorum","Meyer, 1891","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.4 p.12","Tan-capped Catbird","Tan-capped Catbird",null,"2025-0983","The <em>Ailuroedus buccoides</em> complex is treated as three species based on the genome-wide and mito-genomic data of Ericson et al. (2020): monotypic <em>A. buccoides;</em> polytypic <em>A. geislerorum </em>(including <em>molestus</em>); and polytypic <em>A. stonii </em>(including <em>cinnamomeus</em>).","northern lowlands and northern watershed of southeastern New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"taccat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taccat1","avibase-52BD916C",null,null,"Astrolabe Bay (restricted by Rothschild and Hartert, 1929, Novit. Zool., 35, p. 59) and northern coast of Huon Gulf (Lolebu and Bussum).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/194/mode/1up","Aeluroedus geislerorum"],["16573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus geislerorum geislerorum","Meyer, 1891","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.4 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern New Guinea, from Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea) eastward to the Huon Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-839A2A58",null,null,"Astrolabe Bay (restricted by Rothschild and Hartert, 1929, Novit. Zool., 35, p. 59) and northern coast of Huon Gulf (Lolebu and Bussum).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/194/mode/1up","Aeluroedus geislerorum"],["16574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus geislerorum molestus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1929","Novitates Zoologicae 35, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern New Guinea (north side of Owen Stanley Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-224A6771",null,null,"Haidana, Collingwood Bay.","Ailuroedus buccoides and its subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22617#page/79/mode/1up","Ailuroedus buccoides molestus"],["16575","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.181","Black-eared Catbird","Black-eared Catbird",null,"2025-0984","The <em>Ailuroedus melanotis</em> complex is treated as three species based on the genome-wide and mito-genomic data of Ericson et al. (2020): monotypic <em>A. crassirostris</em> in central east Australia; monotypic <em>A. maculosus</em> in wet northeast Queensland (Townsville to Cooktown); and polytypic <em>A. melanotis</em> (montane New Guinea, Arafura lowlands, east Cape York Peninsula).","New Guinea, including Misool and Aru Islands), and northeastern Australia",null,null,null,"bkecat4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkecat4","avibase-AC4A2BF2",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/247/mode/1up","Ptilonorhynchus melanotis"],["16576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis melanocephalus","Ramsay, 1883","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.8, pt.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD37FE20",null,null,"Astrolabe Mts., southeast New Guinea.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Part VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30993#page/37/mode/1up","Aeluraedus melanocephalus"],["16577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis astigmaticus","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.647",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABAAB3E0",null,null,"Ogeramnang, Saruwaged Mts, NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Ailuroedus melanotis astigmaticus"],["16578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis jobiensis","Rothschild, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central New Guinea (north slope of Western, Border, and Eastern ranges and coastal ranges from Foja Mountains eastward to Adelbert Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB36BEA2",null,null,"'Jobi Island', in error, probably for mainland of New Guinea east of Geelvink Bay.","Description of a new species of Bower-bird from the Island of Jobi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/252/mode/1up","Aeluroedus jobiensis"],["16579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis misoliensis","Mayr & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F1A2A44",null,null,"Tip, Misol.","Zoological results of the Denison-Crockett expedition to the South Pacific for the Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia, 1937-1938. Part V. - Birds from the Western Papuan Islands.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064288","Ailuroedus crassirostris misoliensis"],["16580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis arfakianus","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Arfak mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D97B6240",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, 3,500 ft.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/100/mode/1up","Ailuroedus arfakianus"],["16581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis facialis","Mayr, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.869 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern slopes of Nassau and Jayawijaya mountains (west-central New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-424B3257",null,null,"Snow Mts. (Utakwa River), Dutch New Guinea.","New subspecies of birds from the New Guinea region.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3966/","Ailuroedus crassirostris facialis"],["16582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis melanotis","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6C738F9",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/247/mode/1up","Ptilonorhynchus melanotis"],["16583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus melanotis joanae","Mathews, 1941","The Emu 40 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"Iron to MacIlwraith ranges, northeastern Cape York Peninsula (northern Queensland, far northeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-699F0FE5",null,null,"Cape York [= Rocky Scrub District, North Queensland].","Two new subspecies of Birds collected by Dr. Scott at Cape York.",null,"Ailuroedus melanotis joanae"],["16584","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus crassirostris","(Paykull, 1815)","Nova Acta Regiæ Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 7 p.283","Green Catbird","Green Catbird","Green Catbird","2025-0984","The <em>Ailuroedus melanotis</em> complex is treated as three species based on the genome-wide and mito-genomic data of Ericson et al. (2020): monotypic <em>A. crassirostris</em> in central east Australia; monotypic <em>A. maculosus</em> in wet northeast Queensland (Townsville to Cooktown); and polytypic <em>A. melanotis</em> (montane New Guinea, Arafura lowlands, east Cape York Peninsula).","eastern Australia (Kroombit Tops, southeastern Queensland to southern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703624","grecat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grecat1","avibase-D24C5470",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86067#page/305/mode/1up","Lanius crassirostris"],["16585","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Ailuroedus maculosus","Ramsay, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.601","Spotted Catbird","Spotted Catbird",null,"2025-0984","The <em>Ailuroedus melanotis</em> complex is treated as three species based on the genome-wide and mito-genomic data of Ericson et al. (2020): monotypic <em>A. crassirostris</em> in central east Australia; monotypic <em>A. maculosus</em> in wet northeast Queensland (Townsville to Cooktown); and polytypic <em>A. melanotis</em> (montane New Guinea, Arafura lowlands, east Cape York Peninsula).","northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,"spocat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spocat2","avibase-128E6559",null,null,"Cardwell, Rockingham Baja Queensland.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from Queensland, and of the Egg of Chlamydodera maculata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/773/mode/1up","Aeluroedus maculosus"],["16586","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Scenopoeetes","Coues, 1891","The Auk 8, no.1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Scenopoeus dentirostris [E.P. Ramsay, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,"Scenopoeetes Dentirostris","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss1/28/","Scenopoeetes"],["16587","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Scenopoeetes dentirostris","(Ramsay, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.591","Tooth-billed Bowerbird","Tooth-billed Bowerbird","Tooth-billed Bowerbird",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703627","tobcat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tobcat2","avibase-BE1B01A5",null,null,"Bellenden Ker Range (3,000^,000 feet). North Queensland.","List of Birds met with in North-eastern Queensland, chiefly at Rockingham Bay.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/747/mode/1up","Scenopoeus dentirostris"],["16588","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Prionodura","De Vis, 1883","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.7, pt.4 p.561",null,null,null,"2025-0982","Taxon <em>newtoniana </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Prionodura </em>based on the genome-wide and mito-genomic data of Ericson et al. (2020). Formerly placed in <em>Amblyornis</em>, <em>P. newtoniana</em> differs from members of that genus in plumage pattern, egg form and colour, and bower structure.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Prionodura newtoniana [De Vis, 1883]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30242#page/599/mode/1up","Prionodura"],["16589","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Prionodura newtoniana","De Vis, 1883","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.7, pt.4 p.562","Golden Bowerbird","Golden Bowerbird","Golden Bowerbird",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703661","golbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golbow1","avibase-98C0C634",null,null,"Tully River Scrubs, North Queensland.","Description of two new Birds of Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30242#page/600/mode/1up","Prionodura Newtoniana"],["16590","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis","Elliot, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilorhynchus inornatus [Schlegel, 1871]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/145/mode/1up","Amblyornis"],["16591","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis subalaris","Sharpe, 1884","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 17 p.408","Streaked Bowerbird","Streaked Bowerbird","Streaked Bowerbird",null,null,"southeastern Papua New Guinea (Owen Stanley Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703654","strbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strbow1","avibase-F6FFF57D",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98664#page/424/mode/1up","Amblyornis subalaris"],["16592","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis macgregoriae","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.61","MacGregor's Bowerbird","MacGregor's Bowerbird","MacGregor's Bowerbird","2026-085","The treatment of <em>Amblyornis macgregoriae germanus</em> as a subspecies of <em>A. macgregoriae</em> is upheld pending a more thorough investigation of species and subspecies limits in this complex. <em>A. m. germanus</em> is sometimes afforded species status based on a slightly shorter wing and crest and differences in bower structure (e.g., Coates &amp; Peckover 2001; Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016) or genetic divergence (Ericson et al. 2022). However, geographic variation in some traits remains poorly documented, a vocal analysis is lacking, and genomic data (Ericson et al. 2022) suggest a close relationship with <em>A. macgregoriae</em> despite a relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergence (Benz 2011).","montane New Guinea (except northwestern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703651","macbow2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macbow2","avibase-989FE32C",null,null,"Musgrave Range.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=61","Amblyornis macgregoriae"],["16593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis macgregoriae mayri","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central and central New Guinea (Weyland, Nassau, and Jayawijaya mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DB30410",null,null,"'Probably Karon, northern Vogelkop'; error for Weyland Mts.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/50/mode/1up","Amblyornis inornatus mayri"],["16594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis macgregoriae macgregoriae","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"montane east-central to northeastern (Adelbert Mountains) and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FBA928F",null,null,"Musgrave Range.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=61","Amblyornis macgregoriae"],["16595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis macgregoriae germanus","Rothschild, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Huon Peninsula (northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90D24B7C",null,null,"Rawlinson Mts.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Bower-bird from the Rawlinson Mountains, German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/41/mode/1up","Amblyornis subalaris germanus"],["16596","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis inornata","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.51","Vogelkop Bowerbird","Vogelkop Bowerbird","Vogelkop Bowerbird",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak, Tamrau, and Wandammen mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703644","vogbow2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vogbow2","avibase-EFFD142D",null,null,"Interior of the Vogelkop [= Arfak Mts.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/63/mode/1up","Ptilorhynchus inornatus"],["16597","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Amblyornis flavifrons","Rothschild, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.4 p.480 ? also 1896 Novit.Zool. 3 pl.1 fig.3,4","Golden-fronted Bowerbird","Golden-fronted Bowerbird","Golden-fronted Bowerbird",null,null,"north-central New Guinea (Foya Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703657","gofbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gofbow1","avibase-E3562196",null,null,"Dutch New Guinea.","A new species of Bower Bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/506/mode/1up","Amblyornis flavifrons"],["16598","genus","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Archboldia","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Archboldia papuensis [Rand, 1940]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Archboldia"],["16599","species","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Archboldia papuensis","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.9","Archbold's Bowerbird","Archbold's Bowerbird","Archbold's Bowerbird",null,null,"montane west-central to east-central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731912","arcbow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcbow1","avibase-C190903B",null,null,"Bele River (2,200 m.), 18 km. north of Lake Habbema, Snow Mountains.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Archboldia papuensis"],["16600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Archboldia papuensis papuensis","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (locally in Nassau Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1146BB4A",null,null,"Bele River (2,200 m.), 18 km. north of Lake Habbema, Snow Mountains.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Archboldia papuensis"],["16601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptilonorhynchidae","Bowerbirds","Archboldia papuensis sanfordi","Mayr & Gilliard, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1473 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"humid central highlands of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7263FDDA",null,null,"Southwestern slope of Mount Hagen, 4 miles west of Tomba, Central Highlands, Mandated Territory of New Guinea.","A new bower bird (Archboldia) from Mount Hagen, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4295/","Archboldia papuensis sanfordi"],["16602","family","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Maluridae",null,null,"Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Fairywrens","Fairy-wrens",null,null,null,null,null,null,"maluri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maluri1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16603","genus","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis","Stejneger, 1885","The Standard Natural History 4 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Malurus textilis [C. Dumont, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 27).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16767#page/553/mode/1up","Amytornis"],["16604","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis barbatus","Favaloro & McEvey, 1968","Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria no.28 p.1 pl.1,2","Grey Grasswren","Gray Grasswren","Grey Grasswren",null,null,"east-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703780","grygra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grygra1","avibase-DF425A48",null,null,"Teurika, northwestern New South Wales.","A new species of Australian Grass-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120446#page/9/mode/1up","Amytornis barbatus"],["16605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis barbatus barbatus","Favaloro & McEvey, 1968","Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria no.28 p.1 pl.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"floodplains of east-central Australia (lower Bulloo River, southwestern Queensland, and adjacent northwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-623044FE",null,null,"Teurika, northwestern New South Wales.","A new species of Australian Grass-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120446#page/9/mode/1up","Amytornis barbatus"],["16606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis barbatus diamantina","Schodde & Christidis, 1987","The Emu 87 p.188-192",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (Diamantina River and Coopers Creek, southwestern Queensland, and adjacent northeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAC7BA78",null,null,"Goyder Lagoon (Diamantina/Warburton system) between Koonchera Waterhole and Pandiburra Bore [South Australia]","Genetic differentiation and subspeciation in the Grey Grasswren Amytornis barbatus (Maluridae).","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9870188","Amytornis barbatus diamantina"],["16607","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis textilis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 30 p.117","Western Grasswren","Western Grasswren","Western Grasswren",null,null,"western and southern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103684117","thbgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbgra1","avibase-7157DFC1",null,null,"Shark Bay, midwestern Australia = Peron Peninsula, midwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 10, p. 172.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81564#page/125/mode/1up","Malurus textilis"],["16608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis textilis textilis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 30 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"central Western Australian coast (Shark Bay; formerly to western South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3411DEA",null,null,"Shark Bay, midwestern Australia = Peron Peninsula, midwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 10, p. 172.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81564#page/125/mode/1up","Malurus textilis"],["16609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis textilis macrourus","(Gould, 1847)","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.26) pl.30, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly shrublands of southwestern Australia; extinct, last recorded 1910s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-80E88211",null,null,"Wongan Hills, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/129/mode/1up","Amytis macrourus"],["16610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis textilis myall","(Mathews, 1916)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Gawler Ranges and northern Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8D3572F",null,null,"Myall Creek, Cariewerels (= Cariewerloo), Gawler Ranges, South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/296/mode/1up","Diaphorillas textilis myall"],["16611","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus","(North, 1902)","The Victorian Naturalist 19 p.103","Thick-billed Grasswren","Thick-billed Grasswren","Thick-billed Grasswren",null,null,"central, south-central, and east-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103684164","thbgra4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbgra4","avibase-C2A97FCD",null,null,"Meerenie Bluff, Macdonnell Ranges, central Australia.","On three apparently undescribed species of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37546#page/123/mode/1up","Amytis modesta"],["16612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus modestus","(North, 1902)","The Victorian Naturalist 19 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly central Australia (MacDonnell Ranges, southern Northern Territory); extinct, last recorded 1930s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-C522D3D8",null,null,"Meerenie Bluff, Macdonnell Ranges, central Australia.","On three apparently undescribed species of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37546#page/123/mode/1up","Amytis modesta"],["16613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus indulkanna","(Mathews, 1916)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (western Lake Eyre Basin, northern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FD48793",null,null,"Indulkana, central Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/296/mode/1up","Diaphorillas textilis indulkanna"],["16614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus raglessi","Black, 2011","Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 135, 26-38",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (southern Lake Eyre Basin, central South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-368DDB9B",null,null,"Tindelpina Creek, c. 2 km. south of Calcutta [Bore and] Outstation, Mount Lyndhurst Station, northern Flinders Ranges, 29 March 2007; collector L. P. Pedler","Subspecies of the Thick-Billed Grasswren Amytornis Modestus (Aves-Maluridae)",null,"Amytornis modestus raglessi"],["16615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus curnamona","Black, 2011","Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 135, 26-38",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (southwestern Lake Frome Basin, central South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39B7C90D",null,null,"north edge of River Siccus, c. 12 km. northwest of Curnamona Homestead [South Australia], south of Lake Frome, 7 September 2007, collector L. P. Pedler","Subspecies of the Thick-Billed Grasswren Amytornis Modestus (Aves-Maluridae)",null,"Amytornis modestus curnamona"],["16616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus cowarie","Black, 2016","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 136, no.1 p.64 [58-68]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (northeast of Lake Eyre, central South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-806F75FA",null,null,"near Karakaranthina Creek, c.12 km east of Cowarie Homestead, north-eastern South Australia (27°42.0'S, 138°25.85'E), on 24 September 2008 by L. P. Pedler","Reappraisal of plumage and morphometric diversity in Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis modestus (North, 1902), with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252798#page/66/mode/1up","Amytornis modestus cowarie"],["16617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus obscurior","(Mathews, 1923)","The birds of Australia 10 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (northwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24A1E804",null,null,"'Wyuna, Broken Hill, New South Wales = Wyarra, tank near Broken Hill, New South Wales, fide Parker, 1972, Emu, 72, p. 162.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226382#page/287/mode/1up","Diaphorillas modestus obscurior"],["16618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis modestus inexpectatus","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly central southeastern Australia (southwestern and north-central New South Wales); extinct, last recorded 1890s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-32DD00CA",null,null,"New South Wales  probably = Mossgiel district, fide Parker, 1972, Emu, 72, p. 161.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/389/mode/1up","Diaphorillas textilis inexpectatus"],["16619","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis housei","(Milligan, 1902)","Western Australian Parliamentary Papers, no. 2 No.2 p.52","Black Grasswren","Black Grasswren","Black Grasswren",null,null,"northwestern Australia (northwestern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703807","blagra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blagra1","avibase-7187B6CF",null,null,"northwestern Kimberley, northwestern Australia.",null,null,"Amytis housei"],["16620","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis goyderi","(Gould, 1875)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.16, no.94 p.286","Eyrean Grasswren","Eyrean Grasswren","Eyrean Grasswren",null,null,"southeastern central Australia (Simpson-Strzelecki desert)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703795","eyrgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eyrgra1","avibase-DEF58D26",null,null,"Lake Eyre, South Australia.","XXXVIII. Further Contributions to the Ornithology of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81071#page/300/mode/1up","Amytis goyderi"],["16621","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis purnelli","(Mathews, 1914)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.99","Dusky Grasswren","Dusky Grasswren","Dusky Grasswren",null,null,"central Australian mountain ranges from north-central Northern Territory (southward from Ashburton Range, eastward to Jervois and Harts ranges) southward to eastern Western Australia (westward to Rawlinson and Tomkinson Ranges) and northern South Australia (southward to Birksgate and Everard Ranges)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735659","dusgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusgra1","avibase-0E798C7D",null,null,"Mt. Benstead, Alice Springs, central Australia.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/117/mode/1up","Diaphorillas textilis purnelli"],["16622","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis ballarae","Condon, 1969","Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 15 p.205","Kalkadoon Grasswren","Kalkadoon Grasswren","Kalkadoon Grasswren",null,null,"northeastern central Australia (Selwyn Range, northwestern Queensland)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735654","kalgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kalgra1","avibase-B6493526",null,null,"6 miles south of Mary Kathleen, near","A new subspecies of the Western grasswren, Amytornis textilis (Dumont), in north-western Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186548#page/93/mode/1up","Amytornis textilis ballarae"],["16623","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis merrotsyi","Mellor, 1913","The Emu 12 p.166","Short-tailed Grasswren","Short-tailed Grasswren","Short-tailed Grasswren",null,null,"stony hillsides of Flinders and Gawler Ranges (South Australia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732155","shtgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtgra1","avibase-63D1DCD1",null,null,"northeast of Lake Torrens, South Australia = Yudanamutana, Flinders Range, fide Ford and Parker, 1974, Emu, 74, pp. 183-184.","Description of New Grass-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81122#page/232/mode/1up","Amytornis merrotsyi"],["16624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis merrotsyi merrotsyi","Mellor, 1913","The Emu 12 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Flinders Ranges, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0EDE6C3",null,null,"northeast of Lake Torrens, South Australia = Yudanamutana, Flinders Range, fide Ford and Parker, 1974, Emu, 74, pp. 183-184.","Description of New Grass-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81122#page/232/mode/1up","Amytornis merrotsyi"],["16625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis merrotsyi pedleri","Christidis, Horton & Norman, 2009","The Emu 108 p.275-282",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Gawler Ranges, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8330CCDB",null,null,"c. 1.5 km east of summit of Kundery Hill, Thurlga Station, Gawler Ranges [South Australia], 18 September 1999, by Lynn Pedler","Subspeciation in the Short-tailed Grasswren (Amytornis merrotsyi, Maluridae)","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU08011","Amytornis merrotsyi pedleri"],["16626","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis woodwardi","Hartert, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.30","White-throated Grasswren","White-throated Grasswren","White-throated Grasswren",null,null,"north-central Australia (Arnhem Land sandstone, northern Northern Territory)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703783","whtgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtgra1","avibase-51CF00C2",null,null,"South Alligator River, Northern Territory.","[On two new subspecies].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/54/mode/1up","Amytornis woodwardi"],["16627","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis dorotheae","(Mathews, 1914)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.99","Carpentarian Grasswren","Carpentarian Grasswren","Carpentarian Grasswren",null,null,"north-central Australia (east-central Northern Territory, northwestern Queensland)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703786","cargra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cargra2","avibase-715A8FDD",null,null,"McArthur River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/117/mode/1up","Magnamytis woodwardi dorotheae"],["16628","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis rowleyi","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.114","Opalton Grasswren","Opalton Grasswren",null,"2025-0988.1","The <em>Amytornis striatus sensu lato</em> complex is treated as four species based on a combination of genetic, plumage, and ecological differences following Christidis et al. (2010, 2013): <em>A. whitei</em>; <em>A. oweni</em>; <em>A. striatus</em>; and <em>A. rowleyi</em>. Sometimes treated as three species (Black et al. 2020) based on a lack of mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>whitei</em> and <em>oweni</em>, strong ecological differences between these relatively cryptic taxa suggest that they are better treated as species pending further research (see also issue 2026-088). A genomic DNA perspective is needed to confirm species and subspecies limits in this complex.","east-central Australia (Forsyth Range, central Queensland)",null,null,null,"rusgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusgra1","avibase-0BCEFC8F",null,null,"6 miles west of Fermoy, Queensland [Australia]",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XXbJoaGF36YC&lpg=PT32&vq=Amytornis%20striatus%20rowleyi&pg=PT112#v=snippet&q=Amytornis%20striatus%20rowleyi&f=false","Amytornis striatus rowleyi"],["16629","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis striatus","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143","Striated Grasswren","Striated Grasswren",null,"2025-0988.1","The <em>Amytornis striatus sensu lato</em> complex is treated as four species based on a combination of genetic, plumage, and ecological differences following Christidis et al. (2010, 2013): <em>A. whitei</em>; <em>A. oweni</em>; <em>A. striatus</em>; and <em>A. rowleyi</em>. Sometimes treated as three species (Black et al. 2020) based on a lack of mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>whitei</em> and <em>oweni</em>, strong ecological differences between these relatively cryptic taxa suggest that they are better treated as species pending further research (see also issue 2026-088). A genomic DNA perspective is needed to confirm species and subspecies limits in this complex.","southeastern Australia (southeastern South Australia, northwestern Victoria, and New South Wales)",null,null,null,"strgra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strgra2","avibase-A860A9AA",null,null,"lower Namoi River, New South Wales.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Dasyornis striatus"],["16630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis striatus striatus","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (Yathong Nature Reserve, central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99941BA8",null,null,"lower Namoi River, New South Wales.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Dasyornis striatus"],["16631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis striatus howei","(Mathews, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern South Australia, northwestern Victoria, southwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-297EF419",null,null,"Kow Plains, Victoria.","Descriptions of six new species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/128/mode/1up","Diaphorillas striatus howei"],["16632","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis whitei","Mathews, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.34","Pilbara Grasswren","Pilbara Grasswren",null,"2026-088","<em>Amytornis oweni </em>is retained as a species separate from <em>A. whitei </em>based on available evidence. Despite the lack of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Black et al. 2020) the ecological differences between these parapatric taxa suggest that changes to the taxonomic limits adopted for AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0988) may be premature. Pending a thorough review of taxonomic limits in the <em>A. striatus sensu lato</em> complex, including genomic DNA evidence, we here maintain the current 4-species arrangement which recognizes <em>A. oweni, A. whitei</em>, <em>A. rowleyi, </em>and <em>A. striatus</em>.","stony hillsides of Cape and Pilbara ranges of Western Australia",null,null,null,"strgra4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strgra4","avibase-E3A8871E",null,null,"Coongan River, midwestern Australia.","On a new subspecies (sic) of Grass-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/302/mode/1up","Amytornis whitei"],["16633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis whitei parvus","Black, 2020","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 140, no.2 p.157 [151-163]",null,null,null,null,null,"central Western Australian coast (Cape Range); possibly extinct, last confirmed record 1974","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-F35AE142",null,null,"a rocky kopje [=hill, hillock, mound] on the table-land country’ (Carter 1903: 37) of the Cape Range, North West Cape Peninsula, Western Australia, on 21 May 1900 by Thomas Carter","Two new but threatened subspecies of Rufous Grasswren Amytornis whitei (Maluridae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342362368","Amytornis whitei parvus"],["16634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis whitei whitei","Mathews, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Pilbara region (western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D5C0730",null,null,"Coongan River, midwestern Australia.","On a new subspecies (sic) of Grass-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/302/mode/1up","Amytornis whitei"],["16635","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis oweni","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.48","Sandhill Grasswren","Sandhill Grasswren",null,"2026-088","<em>Amytornis oweni </em>is retained as a species separate from <em>A. whitei </em>based on available evidence. Despite the lack of mitochondrial DNA divergence (Black et al. 2020) the ecological differences between these parapatric taxa suggest that changes to the taxonomic limits adopted for AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0988) may be premature. Pending a thorough review of taxonomic limits in the <em>A. striatus sensu lato</em> complex, including genomic DNA evidence, we here maintain the current 4-species arrangement which recognizes <em>A. oweni, A. whitei</em>, <em>A. rowleyi, </em>and <em>A. striatus</em>.","central western Australia, from Western Australia to southwestern Northern Territory and south-central South Australia",null,null,null,"sangra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sangra1","avibase-859AB539",null,null,"Bore Well, East Murchison, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/76/mode/1up","Amytornis striatus oweni"],["16636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis oweni oweni","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australia (Mount Magnet to southwestern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F55144C",null,null,"Bore Well, East Murchison, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/76/mode/1up","Amytornis striatus oweni"],["16637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Amytornis oweni aenigma","Black, 2020","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 140, no.2 p.159 [151-163]",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (western Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-878160D6",null,null,"southern Yellabinna, 50 km [travelled] north of Ceduna, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia (c.31°41’S, 133°44’E) on 21 August 1983 by L. P. Pedler","Two new but threatened subspecies of Rufous Grasswren Amytornis whitei (Maluridae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342362368","Amytornis whitei aenigma"],["16638","genus","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa malachura [Shaw, 1798]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/452/mode/1up","Stipiturus"],["16639","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus mallee","Campbell, 1908","The Emu 8 p.34","Mallee Emu-wren","Mallee Emuwren","Mallee Emu-wren",null,null,"southeastern Australia (west-central Victoria, formerly southeastern South Australia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703776","malemu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malemu1","avibase-9723DB2C",null,null,"mallee, Victoria.","Description of a New Emu-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88007#page/54/mode/1up","Stipiturus mallee"],["16640","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus ruficeps","Campbell, 1899","The Victorian Naturalist 15 p.116","Rufous-crowned Emu-wren","Rufous-crowned Emuwren","Rufous-crowned Emu-wren",null,null,"arid central Australia (Pilbara region through southern Northern Territory to southwestern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703768","rucemu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucemu1","avibase-66659A4B",null,null,"North West Cape, midwestern Australia.","Provisional description of a new Emu-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37550#page/130/mode/1up","Stipiturus ruficeps"],["16641","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus","(Shaw, 1798)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4 p.242 pl.21","Southern Emu-wren","Southern Emuwren","Southern Emu-wren",null,null,"eastern and southern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703772","souemu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souemu1","avibase-5C9D20AA",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.","XXI. Account of a New Species of Muscicapa, from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13714#page/269/mode/1up","Muscicapa malachura"],["16642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus malachurus","(Shaw, 1798)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4 p.242 pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (coastal southeastern Queensland and New South Wales, southern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D4F0B6E",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.","XXI. Account of a New Species of Muscicapa, from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13714#page/269/mode/1up","Muscicapa malachura"],["16643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus littleri","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F8F86AE",null,null,"Tasmania.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/387/mode/1up","Stipiturus malachurus littleri"],["16644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus polionotum","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern South Australia and southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4B18C86",null,null,"Cave Range Road, c 14 km WSW of Penola, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Stipiturus malachurus polionotum"],["16645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus intermedius","Ashby, 1920","The Emu 19 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Australia (Fleurieu Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77D61B9B",null,null,"Mt. Compass, South Australia.","Birds of Mount Compass district, South Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35944#page/431/mode/1up","Stipiturus malachurus intermedius"],["16646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus halmaturinus","Parsons, 1920","South Australian Ornithologist 5 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FEEBE9F",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","New subspecies of Emu-Wren.","https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume5/1920V05P015.pdf","Stipiturus malachurus halmaturina"],["16647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus parimeda","Schodde & Weatherly, 1981","South Australian Ornithologist 28 p.169-170",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (southern Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56FEB9C3",null,null,"Sleaford Bay, Eyre Peninsula.","A new subspecies of the southern emu-wren Stipiturus malachurus from South Australia, with notes on its affinities.","https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume28/1981V28P169.pdf","Stipiturus malachurus parimeda"],["16648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus westernensis","Campbell, 1912","The Emu 11 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Australian",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07D2F6D2",null,null,"no locality = Ellensbrook, southwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 229.","Western Emu-Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35756#page/278/mode/1up","Stipiturus westernensis"],["16649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Stipiturus malachurus hartogi","Carter, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australian coast (Dirk Hartog Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F382B07E",null,null,"Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia.","Description, on behalf of Mr. Tom Carter, of new subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/330/mode/1up","Stipiturus malachurus hartogi"],["16650","genus","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Sipodotus","Mathews, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Todopsis wallacii [Gray, GR, 1862]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/123/mode/1up","Sipodotus"],["16651","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Sipodotus wallacii","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.429 pl.43 fig.2","Wallace's Fairywren","Wallace's Fairywren","Wallace's Fairywren",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703712","walfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/walfai1","avibase-C3E23BC4",null,null,"Misool.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/541/mode/1up","Todopsis wallacii"],["16652","genus","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Clytomyias","Sharpe, 1879","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Clytomyias insignis [Sharpe, 1879]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Clytomyias"],["16653","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Clytomyias insignis","Sharpe, 1879","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.31","Orange-crowned Fairywren","Orange-crowned Fairywren","Orange-crowned Fairywren",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703709","orcfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcfai1","avibase-4068F62F",null,null,"Tjobonda, Arfak Mountains.","On a new genus of Flycatchers from the Arfak Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/43/mode/1up","Clytomyias insignis"],["16654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Clytomyias insignis insignis","Sharpe, 1879","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25E0D4E8",null,null,"Tjobonda, Arfak Mountains.","On a new genus of Flycatchers from the Arfak Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/43/mode/1up","Clytomyias insignis"],["16655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Clytomyias insignis oorti","Rothschild & Hartert, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Snow Mountains to mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F7852F9",null,null,"head of Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. A. S. Meek in the Mountains on the Upper Aroa River, and on the Angabunga River, British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/480/mode/1up","Clytomyias insignis oorti"],["16656","genus","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Chenorhamphus","Oustalet, 1878","Bulletin Hebdomadaire de l'Association Scientifique de France 21 no.533 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chenorhamphus cyanopectus [Oustalet, 1878]; type by monotypy = Todopsis grayi Wallace, 1862",null,null,null,"Chenorhamphus"],["16657","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Chenorhamphus grayi","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.166","Broad-billed Fairywren","Broad-billed Fairywren",null,"2025-0987","Taxon <em>campbelli </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Chenorhamphus grayi</em> based mostly on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Driskell et al. 2011; Marki et al. 2017) supported by plumage differences (Schodde 1982a) and biogeography. An assessment based on genomic DNA would be informative.","northern New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Sepik River), including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,"brbfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbfai1","avibase-71BBCB59",null,null,"Sorong, northwestern New Guinea.","On some New and Rare Birds from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/208/mode/1up","Todopsis grayi"],["16658","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Chenorhamphus campbelli","(Schodde, 1982)","The fairy-wrens: a monograph of the Maluridae p.32 pl.3","Campbell's Fairywren","Campbell's Fairywren",null,"2025-0987","Taxon <em>campbelli </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Chenorhamphus grayi</em> based mostly on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Driskell et al. 2011; Marki et al. 2017) supported by plumage differences (Schodde 1982a) and biogeography. An assessment based on genomic DNA would be informative.","southeastern New Guinea (middle Strickland River and Mount Bosavi area)",null,null,null,"brbfai2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbfai2","avibase-B1E93CFF",null,null,"Mt. Bosavi, headwaters of the Kikori River, central New Guinea.",null,null,"Malurus campbelli"],["16659","genus","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.44",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla cyanea [Ellis, 1782]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f50.item","Malurus"],["16660","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyanocephalus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.227 AtlasOis. pl.5 fig.4","Emperor Fairywren","Emperor Fairywren","Emperor Fairywren",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands, Biak, and Aru Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703765","empfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/empfai1","avibase-547E21A1",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/285/mode/1up","Todus cyanocephalus"],["16661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyanocephalus cyanocephalus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.227 AtlasOis. pl.5 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9025BFC",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/285/mode/1up","Todus cyanocephalus"],["16662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyanocephalus mysorensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.74,79",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B80B374",null,null,"Misori (= Biak Island).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/97/mode/1up","Todopsis mysorensis"],["16663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyanocephalus bonapartii","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7188D55",null,null,"Aru Islands.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/216/mode/1up","Todopsis bonapartii"],["16664","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus splendens","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.197 AtlasOis. pl.10 fig.1","Splendid Fairywren","Splendid Fairywren","Splendid Fairywren",null,null,"western and central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703740","splfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/splfai1","avibase-A334276B",null,null,"King George Sound, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/255/mode/1up","Saxicola splendens"],["16665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus splendens splendens","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.197 AtlasOis. pl.10 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to Esperance and Laverton)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-391EA6CB",null,null,"King George Sound, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/255/mode/1up","Saxicola splendens"],["16666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus splendens callainus","Gould, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"central Australia (central Western Australia, southern Northern Territory, and northwestern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CF7D46E",null,null,"Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.","Description of a New Australian Bird pertaining to the genus Malurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/324/mode/1up","Malurus callainus"],["16667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus splendens melanotus","Gould, 1841","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.3) pl.20, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid southeastern Australia (Flinders Ranges to central New South Wales and northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8A44931",null,null,"Belts of the Murray, South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/89/mode/1up","Malurus melanotus"],["16668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus splendens emmottorum","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (central Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87D7449D",null,null,"Opalton, Qld [=Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Malurus splendens emmottorum"],["16669","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyaneus","(Ellis, 1782)","An authentic narrative of a voyage performed by Captain Cook and Captain Clerke in His Majesty's ships Resolution and Discovery during the years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779 and 1780, in search of a north-west passage between the continents of Asia and America, including a faithful account of their discoveries and the unfortunate death of Captain Cook. Vol. 1 p.22","Superb Fairywren","Superb Fairywren","Superb Fairywren",null,null,"southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703736","supfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/supfai1","avibase-DAC72D07",null,null,"Adventure Bay, southern Tasmania, ex Ellis, 1782, Narrative Voyage Captain Cook, 1, p. 22.",null,null,"Motacilla cyanea"],["16670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyaneus cyaneus","(Ellis, 1782)","An authentic narrative of a voyage performed by Captain Cook and Captain Clerke in His Majesty's ships Resolution and Discovery during the years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779 and 1780, in search of a north-west passage between the continents of Asia and America, including a faithful account of their discoveries and the unfortunate death of Captain Cook. Vol. 1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F30FBB1",null,null,"Adventure Bay, southern Tasmania, ex Ellis, 1782, Narrative Voyage Captain Cook, 1, p. 22.",null,null,"Motacilla cyanea"],["16671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyaneus samueli","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Flinders Island, northeast of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-896D71BB",null,null,"Flinders Island.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/121/mode/1up","Malurus cyaneus samueli"],["16672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyaneus elizabethae","Campbell, 1901","Ibis ser.8, vol.1, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (King Island, northwest of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B20CABA6",null,null,"King Island.","On a new Species of Blue Wren from King Island, Bass Strait.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35405#page/50/mode/1up","Malurus elizabethae"],["16673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyaneus cyanochlamys","Sharpe, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.3 p.788",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central eastern Queensland to southern and central Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C065D49",null,null,"Moreton Bay, southeastern Queensland.","On some Flycatchers lately added to the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/950/mode/1up","Malurus cyanochlamys"],["16674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyaneus leggei","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (southern Eyre Peninsula to southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-391A396A",null,null,"Port Adelaide, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/382/mode/1up","Malurus cyaneus leggei"],["16675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus cyaneus ashbyi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0142AC66",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/382/mode/1up","Malurus cyaneus ashbyi"],["16676","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus leucopterus","Quoy & Gaimard, 1824","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 30 p.118","White-winged Fairywren","White-winged Fairywren","White-winged Fairywren",null,null,"Australia (except northern, southern, eastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703732","whwfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwfai1","avibase-09FF44CF",null,null,"Dirk Hartog Island, midwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81564#page/126/mode/1up","Malurus leucopterus"],["16677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus leucopterus leucopterus","Quoy & Gaimard, 1824","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 30 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australian coast (Dirk Hartog Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9EF5FA1",null,null,"Dirk Hartog Island, midwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81564#page/126/mode/1up","Malurus leucopterus"],["16678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus leucopterus edouardi","Campbell, 1901","The Victorian Naturalist 17 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australian coast (Barrow Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57F816BA",null,null,"Barrow Island, midwestern Australia.","Description of a new Wren or Malurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95020#page/277/mode/1up","Malurus edouardi"],["16679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus leucopterus leuconotus","Gould, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid Australia (all Australia except moist north, east and south, and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-468B164D",null,null,"interior of South Australia.","Description of Two New Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/238/mode/1up","Malurus leuconotus"],["16680","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus melanocephalus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lii","Red-backed Fairywren","Red-backed Fairywren","Red-backed Fairywren",null,null,"northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703728","rebfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebfai1","avibase-0E9290F8",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/58/mode/1up","Muscicapa melanocephala"],["16681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus melanocephalus cruentatus","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C3CE776",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Malurus cruentatus"],["16682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus melanocephalus melanocephalus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lii",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, southward to Hunter River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B959B843",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/58/mode/1up","Muscicapa melanocephala"],["16683","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus alboscapulatus","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.496","White-shouldered Fairywren","White-shouldered Fairywren","White-shouldered Fairywren",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703725","whsfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsfai1","avibase-17EAFC11",null,null,"Arfak Mountains; altitude ca. 3,500 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/544/mode/1up","Malurus alboscapulatus"],["16684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus alboscapulatus alboscapulatus","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak and Tamrau mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-385260B2",null,null,"Arfak Mountains; altitude ca. 3,500 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/544/mode/1up","Malurus alboscapulatus"],["16685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus alboscapulatus aida","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Kumawa Mountains, northwestern lowlands eastward to Humboldt Bay, and Weyland Mountains and Wissel Lakes eastward to Telefomin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41759C26",null,null,"Sentani Lake, northern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/98/mode/1up","Malurus alboscapulatus aida"],["16686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus alboscapulatus lorentzi","van Oort, 1909","Nova Guinea 9 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southwestern New Guinea (Snow Mountains to Trans-Fly and Utaka–Mimika River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C8EEDCE",null,null,"Noord River, southern New Guinea.","Birds from south western and southern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124820#page/153/mode/1up","Malurus lorentzi"],["16687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus alboscapulatus kutubu","Schodde & Hitchcock, 1968","CSIRO Wildlife Research Technical Paper 13 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern highlands of central New Guinea (Olsobip eastward to Mount Giluwe and Lake Kutubu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DB13B10",null,null,"Moro, Lake Kutubu, Papua.",null,null,"Malurus alboscapulatus kutubu"],["16688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus alboscapulatus moretoni","De Vis, 1892","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices App.cc p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and southern coasts of southeastern New Guinea and intervening mountain valleys (northwest to Huon Peninsula, and southwest to Brown River and Vanapa River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3950D489",null,null,"Bartle Bay, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84530636#page/n126/mode/1up","Malurus moretoni"],["16689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus alboscapulatus naimii","d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.827",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and southern lowlands and central highlands of New Guinea (central Sepik eastward to Astrolabe Bay, river systems of central highlands, and Kerema eastward to Vanapa River and Wharton Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C02468D7",null,null,"Mon, Yule Island, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/833/mode/1up","Malurus naimii"],["16690","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus coronatus","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.221","Purple-crowned Fairywren","Purple-crowned Fairywren","Purple-crowned Fairywren",null,null,"north-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703760","pucfai2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pucfai2","avibase-680AC77F",null,null,"Victoria River, Northern Territory.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/233/mode/1up","Malurus coronatus"],["16691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus coronatus coronatus","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region eastward to Victoria River, Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-552AF6D7",null,null,"Victoria River, Northern Territory.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/233/mode/1up","Malurus coronatus"],["16692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus coronatus macgillivrayi","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Roper River catchment, Northern Territory to Nicholson River catchment, northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7CE1D63",null,null,"Augusta Downs, Leichhardt River, Queensland.","Additions and corrections to my reference list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/27/mode/1up","Malurus coronatus macgillivrayi"],["16693","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus elegans","Gould, 1837","The birds of Australia and the adjacent islands pt.1 pl.[2]","Red-winged Fairywren","Red-winged Fairywren","Red-winged Fairywren",null,null,"forested southwestern Western Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703752","rewfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewfai1","avibase-378EF7E4",null,null,"Swan River, southwestern Australia.","D:\\birds\\manuscripts\\1837\\Gould Birds Austr. Adj. Isl. Pt.1 nla.obj-185956948.pdf","https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-185308543/view?&partId=nla.obj-185880734#page/n8/mode/1up","Malurus elegans"],["16694","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus pulcherrimus","Gould, 1844","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.106","Blue-breasted Fairywren","Blue-breasted Fairywren","Blue-breasted Fairywren",null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay, west-central Australia eastward to Eyre Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703756","blbfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbfai1","avibase-41FCF199",null,null,"Western Australia = Wongan Hills, southwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 227.","[Exhibition of a number of skins of animals and birds, being part of a large collection forwarded by Mr. Gilbert from Australia, with description of new species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/118/mode/1up","Malurus pulcherrimus"],["16695","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus lamberti","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.221","Variegated Fairywren","Variegated Fairywren","Variegated Fairywren",null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (Gladstone, southeastern Queensland southward to northeastern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155093173","varfai5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varfai5","avibase-468816FA",null,null,"no locality = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 360.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/227/mode/1up","Malurus lamberti"],["16696","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus amabilis","Gould, 1852","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.218 p.277","Lovely Fairywren","Lovely Fairywren","Lovely Fairywren",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula southward to Wet Tropics region)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703748","lovfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lovfai1","avibase-02B9E930",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","On new Australian Birds in the Collection of the Zoological Society of London.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/377/mode/1up","Malurus amabilis"],["16697","species","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus assimilis","North, 1901","The Victorian Naturalist 18 p.29","Purple-backed Fairywren","Purple-backed Fairywren","Purple-backed Fairywren",null,null,"Australia (except southwestern, northeastern, southeastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155093185","varfai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varfai1","avibase-549957F4",null,null,"Mossgiel, interior of New South Wales.","Description of a new species of the genus Malurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37552#page/37/mode/1up","Malurus assimilis"],["16698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus assimilis dulcis","Mathews, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Arnhem Land sandstone, northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5449261A",null,null,"10 miles east of Alligator River, Arnhem Land = South Alligator River, Northern Territory, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 227.","On a new species of Wren from North-west Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/126/mode/1up","Malurus dulcis"],["16699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus assimilis rogersi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC0E3E93",null,null,"Napier Broome Bay, northwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/385/mode/1up","Malurus amabilis rogersi"],["16700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus assimilis assimilis","North, 1901","The Victorian Naturalist 18 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except tropical north, eastern coast, southern Victoria, southwestern Australia and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A31F9CE1",null,null,"Mossgiel, interior of New South Wales.","Description of a new species of the genus Malurus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37552#page/37/mode/1up","Malurus assimilis"],["16701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Maluridae","Grasswrens, Fairywrens, and Emu-wrens","Malurus assimilis bernieri","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central western Australia (Bernier Island, Shark Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CF1AC98",null,null,"Bernier Island, midwestern Australia.","Descriptions of new species of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/444/mode/1up","Malurus bernieri"],["16702","family","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornithidae",null,null,"Bristlebirds","Bristlebirds","Bristlebirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"dasyor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dasyor1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16703","genus","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dasyornis australis [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by monotypy = Turdus brachypterus Latham, 1801",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/240/mode/1up","Dasyornis"],["16704","species","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis broadbenti","(McCoy, 1867)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.19, no.111 p.185","Rufous Bristlebird","Rufous Bristlebird","Rufous Bristlebird",null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704510","rufbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufbri1","avibase-CA9DB79D",null,null,"near Portland Bay, Victoria.","XXXI. On two new Species of Birds found in Victoria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/72153#page/199/mode/1up","Sphenura Broadbenti"],["16705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis broadbenti litoralis","(Milligan, 1902)","The Emu 1 pt2 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southwestern Australia; extinct, last recorded ca. 1900","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-C165A7D5",null,null,"Ellensbrook, southwestern Australia.","Description of a new Bristle Bird (Sphenura).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183569#page/87/mode/1up","Sphenura litoralis"],["16706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis broadbenti broadbenti","(McCoy, 1867)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.19, no.111 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southwestern Victoria to River Murray mouth)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A682A4C",null,null,"near Portland Bay, Victoria.","XXXI. On two new Species of Birds found in Victoria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/72153#page/199/mode/1up","Sphenura Broadbenti"],["16707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis broadbenti caryochrous","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Otway Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D46BD62F",null,null,"Beech Forest, Otway Range, Vic [=Victoria, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Dasyornis broadbenti caryochrous"],["16708","species","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis longirostris","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.170","Western Bristlebird","Western Bristlebird","Western Bristlebird",null,null,"southwestern Australia (east of Albany to Fitzgerald River National Park)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704502","wesbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesbri1","avibase-8710A7E5",null,null,"Swan River, southwestern Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/896/mode/1up","Dasyornis longirostris"],["16709","species","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis brachypterus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliii","Eastern Bristlebird","Eastern Bristlebird","Eastern Bristlebird",null,null,"east-central and southeastern Australia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704507","easbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easbri1","avibase-68FB5B90",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/49/mode/1up","Turdus brachypterus"],["16710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis brachypterus monoides","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD558687",null,null,"Border Loop area, Cougal, NSW [=New South Wales, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Dasyornis brachypterus monoides"],["16711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dasyornithidae","Bristlebirds","Dasyornis brachypterus brachypterus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern New South Wales and eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-957AA577",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/49/mode/1up","Turdus brachypterus"],["16712","family","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotidae",null,null,"Pardalotes","Pardalotes","Pardalotes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pardal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pardal2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16713","genus","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pipra punctata [Latham]; type by monotypy = Pipra punctata Shaw, 1792",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f37.item","Pardalotus"],["16714","species","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus rubricatus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.62","Red-browed Pardalote","Red-browed Pardalote","Red-browed Pardalote",null,null,"northern and central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704496","rebpar6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpar6","avibase-83FCEF52",null,null,"Australia ; restricted to New South Wales by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 389. Also described 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 149.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/257/mode/1up","Pardalotus rubricatus"],["16715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus rubricatus rubricatus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.62",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Australia (Shark Bay to southern Flinders Ranges to northwestern New South Wales and Queensland, except southeast and Cape York Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3918A02C",null,null,"Australia ; restricted to New South Wales by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 389. Also described 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 149.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/257/mode/1up","Pardalotus rubricatus"],["16716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus rubricatus yorki","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7AB9363",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","Additions and corrections to my reference list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/28/mode/1up","Pardalotus rubricatus yorki"],["16717","species","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus striatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1003","Striated Pardalote","Striated Pardalote","Striated Pardalote",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704499","strpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strpar1","avibase-747BFF64",null,null,"South America [= Tasmania].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/504/mode/1up","Pipra striata"],["16718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus striatus uropygialis","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61E3A095",null,null,"northwest coast of Australia [= West Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, fide Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112].","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Pardalotus uropygialis"],["16719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus striatus melvillensis","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1036AF59",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/66/mode/1up","Pardalotus melanocephalus melvillensis"],["16720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus striatus melanocephalus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.62",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region of Queensland southward to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D06D411",null,null,"Moreton Bay, southern Queensland. Also described 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 149.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/257/mode/1up","Pardalotus melanocephalus"],["16721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus striatus ornatus","Temminck, 1826","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.3 pl.394 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to eastern and southern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8053C247",null,null,"interior of Australia ; restricted to Parramatta, New South Wales, by Hind wood and Mayr, 1946, Emu, 46, p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/159/mode/1up","Pardalotus ornatus"],["16722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus striatus substriatus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Australia south of tropics",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-037B8F7E",null,null,"Ultima, Victoria.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/412/mode/1up","Pardalotus striatus substriatus"],["16723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus striatus striatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1003",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands north of Tasmania; winters to northeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ECBCCC9",null,null,"South America [= Tasmania].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/504/mode/1up","Pipra striata"],["16724","species","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus quadragintus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.[7] fig.1,text","Forty-spotted Pardalote","Forty-spotted Pardalote","Forty-spotted Pardalote",null,null,"southeastern Tasmania (southeastern Australia), Maria, Bruny and Flinders islands (east, south, and north of Tasmania)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704493","fospar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fospar1","avibase-EAB686DF",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [= Tasmania]. Also described 1838, Proc Zool. Soc London, 5 (1837), p. 148.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/257/mode/1up","Pardalotus quadragintus"],["16725","species","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus punctatus","(Shaw, 1792)","The naturalist's miscellany 4, no.1 pl.111","Spotted Pardalote","Spotted Pardalote","Spotted Pardalote",null,null,"southern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704490","spopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spopar1","avibase-54C12F34",null,null,"New Holland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155487#page/13/mode/1up","Pipra punctata"],["16726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus punctatus millitaris","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (upland Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85E511F9",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/124/mode/1up","Pardalotus punctatus militaris"],["16727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus punctatus punctatus","(Shaw, 1792)","The naturalist's miscellany 4, no.1 pl.111",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range to southern Victoria westward to southwestern Australia, Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands, north of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2823CDE5",null,null,"New Holland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155487#page/13/mode/1up","Pipra punctata"],["16728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pardalotidae","Pardalotes","Pardalotus punctatus xanthopyge","McCoy, 1866","The Australasian Post 1 no.39 p.1221",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Western Australia to northwestern Victoria and south-central New South Wales including Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29D635FC",null,null,"near Swan Hill, junction of Murray and Darling Rivers, northwestern Victoria, fide Hindwood, 1950, Emu, 49, p. 207.",null,"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/138051076?searchTerm=Pardalotus%20xanthopyge&searchLimits=exactPhrase","Pardalotus xanthopyge"],["16729","family","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthizidae",null,null,"Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Thornbills and Allies","Thornbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"acanth2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/acanth2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16730","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Oreoscopus","North, 1905","The Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 16 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sericornis gutturalis [De Vis, 1889]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Oreoscopus"],["16731","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Oreoscopus gutturalis","(De Vis, 1889)","The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 6(1890) p.244","Fernwren","Fernwren","Fernwren",null,null,"northeastern Australia (upland Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704520","fernwr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fernwr1","avibase-A902336F",null,null,"Herberton, northern Queensland.","Descriptions of new Birds from Herberton.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148132#page/310/mode/1up","Sericornis gutturalis"],["16732","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pachycare","Gould, 1876","The birds of New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands, including many new species recently discovered in Australia pt3 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Pachycephala flavogrisea [Meyer, AB, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Pachycare"],["16733","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pachycare flavogriseum","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.495","Goldenface","Goldenface","Goldenface",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705414","dwawhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwawhi1","avibase-082CFCAE",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/543/mode/1up","Pachycephala flavogrisea"],["16734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pachycare flavogriseum lecroyae","Beehler & Prawiradilaga, 2010","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 130 p.282 [277-285]",null,null,null,null,null,"montane north-central New Guinea (Bewani and Torricelli mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-634600D7",null,null,"at 1,281 m on Mount Menawa, Bewani Mountains, northern PNG (03°12’S, 141°40’E), on 9 August 1966 by J. M. Diamond","New taxa and new records of birds from the north coastal ranges of New Guinea","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182902#page/298/mode/1up","Pachycare flavogriseum lecroyae"],["16735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pachycare flavogriseum flavogriseum","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula and Wandammen mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61E23CDD",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/543/mode/1up","Pachycephala flavogrisea"],["16736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pachycare flavogriseum subaurantium","Rothschild & Hartert, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northern, west-central, and central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB01CC0E",null,null,"Utakwa River, Snow Mountains.","Über einige neue Formen vom Schneegebirge in Neuguinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/173/mode/1up","Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia"],["16737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pachycare flavogriseum subpallidum","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northeastern (Huon Peninsula) and southeastern New Guinea (Herzog and Saruwaged mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99E6A731",null,null,"Bihagi, Mambare River, southeastern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/73/mode/1up","Pachycare flavogrisea subpallida"],["16738","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone","Gould, 1841","Journals of two Expeditions of Discovery in North-West and Western Australia, during the years 1837, 38, and 39, Under the Authority of her Majesty's Government. Describing many Newly Discovered, Important, and Fertile Districts, with Observations on the Moral and Physical condition of the Aboriginal inhabitants, &c, &c. 2 p.417,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psilopus albogularis [Gould, 1838]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 22). = Psilopus olivaceus Gould, 1838  ",null,null,null,"Gerygone"],["16739","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone chrysogaster","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.174","Yellow-bellied Gerygone","Yellow-bellied Gerygone","Yellow-bellied Gerygone",null,null,"New Guinea and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704689","yebger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebger1","avibase-FFBDC7E3",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/240/mode/1up","Gerygone chrysogaster"],["16740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone chrysogaster neglecta","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60FF6725",null,null,"Waigeo and Misool; restricted to Waigeo by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 123.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/559/mode/1up","Gerygone neglecta"],["16741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone chrysogaster notata","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula and Bird's Neck), including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D52DF76F",null,null,"Banks of Wa Samson River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/358/mode/1up","Gerygone notata"],["16742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone chrysogaster chrysogaster","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (east of the Bird's Neck) including the Aru Islands and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B0A83CE",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/240/mode/1up","Gerygone chrysogaster"],["16743","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone tenebrosa","(Hall, 1901)","The Victorian Naturalist 18 p.79","Dusky Gerygone","Dusky Gerygone","Dusky Gerygone",null,null,"coastal northwestern and western Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704702","dusger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusger1","avibase-36A21852",null,null,"Fitzroy River, northwestern Australia.","Description of a new species of Pseudogerygone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37552#page/93/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone tenebrosa"],["16744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone tenebrosa tenebrosa","(Hall, 1901)","The Victorian Naturalist 18 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Australia (Shark Bay to De Grey River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-278C56C2",null,null,"Fitzroy River, northwestern Australia.","Description of a new species of Pseudogerygone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37552#page/93/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone tenebrosa"],["16745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone tenebrosa christophori","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Australia (Roebuck Bay to Cape Keraudren)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BFD9D4C",null,null,"Carnarvon, midwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/335/mode/1up","Gerygone tenebrosa christophori"],["16746","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone mouki","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.310","Brown Gerygone","Brown Gerygone","Brown Gerygone",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704728","broger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broger1","avibase-8A475492",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/334/mode/1up","Gerygone laevigaster mouki"],["16747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone mouki mouki","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-231870E2",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/334/mode/1up","Gerygone laevigaster mouki"],["16748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone mouki amalia","Meise, 1931","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.3 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range and nearby lowlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04E51D1E",null,null,"Bowen; perhaps more correctly Clarke Range, 60-70 kilometers inland from Bowen, Queensland.","Zur Systematik des Gattung Gerygone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/389/mode/1up","Gerygone igata amalia"],["16749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone mouki richmondi","(Mathews, 1915)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.7 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-297DB7BF",null,null,"Richmond River, New South Wales.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/147/mode/1up","Wilsonavis fusca richmondi"],["16750","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone palpebrosa","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.475","Fairy Gerygone","Fairy Gerygone","Fairy Gerygone",null,null,"New Guinea and northeastern and east-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704680","faiger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faiger1","avibase-B0902BCC",null,null,"Aru Islands.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/559/mode/1up","Gerygone palpebrosa"],["16751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone palpebrosa palpebrosa","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"western Papuan Islands and Aru Islands, western to southeastern lowlands of New Guinea (except Trans-Fly, south-central New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98BA7BE6",null,null,"Aru Islands.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/559/mode/1up","Gerygone palpebrosa"],["16752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone palpebrosa wahnesi","(Meyer, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC395046",null,null,"Bongu, Astrolabe Bay.","Notiz über Vögel von Deutsch Neu Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/160/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone wahnesi"],["16753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone palpebrosa tarara","Rand, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1102 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Moorhead River to mouth of Fly River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-837A1FBB",null,null,"Tarara, Wassi Kussa River.","New and interesting birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4797/","Gerygone palpebrosa tarara"],["16754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone palpebrosa personata","Gould, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula to Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-826B3D41",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","Additions to the List of the Avifauna of Australia, with Descriptions of Three New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/287/mode/1up","Gerygone personata"],["16755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone palpebrosa flavida","Ramsay, 1877","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to Maryborough, southeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FC6812C",null,null,"Herbert River district, northern Queensland.","Description of a new species of Gerygone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/67/mode/1up","Gerygone flavida"],["16756","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone chloronota","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.133","Green-backed Gerygone","Green-backed Gerygone","Green-backed Gerygone",null,null,"New Guinea and northwestern and north-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704669","gnbger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbger1","avibase-7C18F120",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/285/mode/1up","Gerygone chloronotus"],["16757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone chloronota chloronota","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat and Aru islands, and northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, and northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-920E4D69",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/285/mode/1up","Gerygone chloronotus"],["16758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone chloronota darwini","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01063791",null,null,"Parry's Creek, northwestern Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/58/mode/1up","Gerygone chloronotus darwini"],["16759","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone inornata","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.490","Plain Gerygone","Plain Gerygone","Plain Gerygone",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sawu, Rote, Timor, and Wetar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704708","plager1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plager1","avibase-E2D8E671",null,null,"Timor.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/590/mode/1up","Gerygone inornata"],["16760","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone olivacea","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.61","White-throated Gerygone","White-throated Gerygone","White-throated Gerygone",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704683","whtger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtger1","avibase-4744C788",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/252/mode/1up","Psilopus olivaceus"],["16761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone olivacea cinerascens","Sharpe, 1878","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 13 p.494",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3D2C78D",null,null,"Port Moresby, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98585#page/508/mode/1up","Gerygone cinerascens"],["16762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone olivacea rogersi","Mathews, 1911","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to north-western Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1199350",null,null,"Derby, northwestern Australia.","Two new Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/39/mode/1up","Gerygone albigularis rogersi"],["16763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone olivacea olivacea","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.61",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (northeastern Queensland southward through New South Wales to eastern Victoria, Mount Lofty Range); southern populations winter to north",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B238DC7",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/252/mode/1up","Psilopus olivaceus"],["16764","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone dorsalis","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.199","Rufous-sided Gerygone","Rufous-sided Gerygone","Rufous-sided Gerygone",null,null,"Flores Sea islands south of southern Sulawesi, eastern Lesser Sundas, and southern Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704711","rusger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusger1","avibase-53C9D4ED",null,null,"Larat Island.","Additional Notes on Birds collected in the Timor-Laut, or Tenimber, group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/283/mode/1up","Gerygone dorsalis"],["16765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone dorsalis senex","Meise, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.3 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"Kalaotoa and Madu islands (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F60717D",null,null,"Kalao tua (= Kalaotoa).","Die Vögel von Djampea und benachbarten Inseln nach einer Sammlung Baron Plessens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917266","Gerygone inornata senex"],["16766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone dorsalis kuehni","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Damar Island (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33104482",null,null,"Dammer (= Damar) Island.","The birds of Dammer Island in the Banda Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/29/mode/1up","Gerygone kühni"],["16767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone dorsalis fulvescens","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Moa, Kisar, Leti, Sermata, Babar, and Romang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9473A14C",null,null,"Babar Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/377/mode/1up","Gerygone fulvescens"],["16768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone dorsalis keyensis","Büttikofer, 1893","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Tayandu and Kai islands (Kai Kecil, Sawa, and Ruin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-148708F8",null,null,"Little Key (= Kai) Island.","On two new species of the genus Gerygone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/270/mode/1up","Gerygone keyensis"],["16769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone dorsalis dorsalis","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9931E5C",null,null,"Larat Island.","Additional Notes on Birds collected in the Timor-Laut, or Tenimber, group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/283/mode/1up","Gerygone dorsalis"],["16770","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone sulphurea","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.490","Golden-bellied Gerygone","Golden-bellied Gerygone","Golden-bellied Gerygone",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Greater Sundas, Sulawesi region, Lesser Sundas eastward to Alor, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704705","gobger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobger1","avibase-FE1D1405",null,null,"Solor Island, Lesser Sunda Islands.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/590/mode/1up","Gerygone sulphurea"],["16771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone sulphurea sulphurea","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.490",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula eastward to southern Vietnam and the Greater and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19BF1E31",null,null,"Solor Island, Lesser Sunda Islands.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/590/mode/1up","Gerygone sulphurea"],["16772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone sulphurea muscicapa","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano Island (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-926F8290",null,null,"Enggano, off Sumatra.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/129/mode/1up","Gerygone modiglianii muscicapa"],["16773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone sulphurea simplex","Cabanis, 1872","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.118 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Philippines (Lubang, Luzon, Mindoro, Verde, Negros, Bohol, and Cebu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D25703B",null,null,"Luzon [Philippines]","Protokoll der XLV. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/328/mode/1up","Gerygone simplex"],["16774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone sulphurea rhizophorae","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Basilan, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D1FEABE",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao, Philippines.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/25/mode/1up","Gerygone rhizophorae"],["16775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone sulphurea flaveola","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.122 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region including Peleng and Banggai, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Selayar (to south)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-303B993F",null,null,"southern Celebes.","[Über 2 neue Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/169/mode/1up","Gerygone flaveola"],["16776","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone hypoxantha","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.345","Biak Gerygone","Biak Gerygone","Biak Gerygone",null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704697","biager1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biager1","avibase-0FB52CEA",null,null,"Sock, Misori (= Biak) Island. [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/359/mode/1up","Gerygone hypoxantha"],["16777","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone magnirostris","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.133","Large-billed Gerygone","Large-billed Gerygone","Large-billed Gerygone",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands, and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704692","labger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labger1","avibase-05E1D079",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/285/mode/1up","Gerygone magnirostris"],["16778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone magnirostris conspicillata","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, and Kofiau Islands (western Papuan islands) and Vogelkop Peninsula (northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3996FED9",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/216/mode/1up","Microeca conspicillata"],["16779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone magnirostris affinis","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea, including Karkar, Manam, and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3853CE90",null,null,"Passim, Rubi, Geelvink Bay, and Ansus, Jobi (= Japen) Island; restricted to Japen Island by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 124.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/132/mode/1up","Gerygone affinis"],["16780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone magnirostris rosseliana","Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Louisiade and D'Entrecasteaux archipelagoes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A85A46B1",null,null,"Rossel Island.","On the birds collected by Mr. Meek on Rossel Island in the Louisiade Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/93/mode/1up","Gerygone rosseliana"],["16781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone magnirostris brunneipectus","(Sharpe, 1879)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F06161",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/239/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone brunneipectus"],["16782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone magnirostris magnirostris","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, and northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC2AA81F",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/285/mode/1up","Gerygone magnirostris"],["16783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone magnirostris cairnsensis","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait islands and eastern Cape York Peninsula southward to east-central Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FE7E209",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/333/mode/1up","Gerygone magnirostris cairnsensis"],["16784","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone citrina","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.23","Rennell Gerygone","Rennell Gerygone","Rennell Gerygone","2025-0233","Taxon <em>citrina </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Gerygone flavolateralis</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, eye color, morphology, and vocal differences between <em>citrina </em>and nominate <em>flavolateralis</em>. A more detailed bioacoustic analysis of this complex would be desirable.","Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103690968","fatger3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatger3","avibase-72D0BE6E",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Gerygone flavolateralis citrina"],["16785","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone flavolateralis","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.161","Fan-tailed Gerygone","Fan-tailed Gerygone","Fan-tailed Gerygone","2025-0233","Taxon <em>citrina </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Gerygone flavolateralis</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, eye color, morphology, and vocal differences between <em>citrina </em>and nominate <em>flavolateralis</em>. A more detailed bioacoustic analysis of this complex would be desirable.","New Caledonia and Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103690932","fatger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatger1","avibase-5B6A8CD5",null,null,"New Caledonia (island of Nu).","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/223/mode/1up","Acanthiza flavolateralis"],["16786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone flavolateralis flavolateralis","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands (Maré)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA5EE663",null,null,"New Caledonia (island of Nu).","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/223/mode/1up","Acanthiza flavolateralis"],["16787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone flavolateralis lifuensis","(Sarasin, 1913)","Nova Caledonia. Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. Recherches scientifiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie et aux iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie 1 Heft1 p.21 pl.2 fig.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Lifou (Loyalty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FDAE69B",null,null,"Quepenne, Lifou, Loyalty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29836#page/37/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone flavolateralis lifuensis"],["16788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone flavolateralis rouxi","(Sarasin, 1913)","Nova Caledonia. Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. Recherches scientifiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie et aux iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie 1 Heft1 p.22 pl.1 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA581AE2",null,null,"Fayaoue, Ouvea, Loyalty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29836#page/38/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone rouxi"],["16789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone flavolateralis correiae","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vanuatu including Banks Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1F80DBC",null,null,"Epi Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Gerygone flavolateralis correiae"],["16790","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone fusca","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.61","Western Gerygone","Western Gerygone","Western Gerygone",null,null,"Australia (except south-central, eastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704721","wesger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesger1","avibase-0EF82B71",null,null,"Australia = Swan River, southwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 170.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/252/mode/1up","Psilopus fuscus"],["16791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone fusca fusca","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.61",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mostly southwestern Australia (Dongara to Esperance); winters to southwestern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, and toward southeastern South Australia, and southern Eyre Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7DB94C9",null,null,"Australia = Swan River, southwestern Australia, fide Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 170.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/252/mode/1up","Psilopus fuscus"],["16792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone fusca exsul","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland west of Great Dividing Range to southern Victoria); winters to eastern South Australia and northern Queensland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E19EE98E",null,null,"Rutherglen, Victoria.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/333/mode/1up","Gerygone culicivora exsul"],["16793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone fusca mungi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pilbara region (central Western Australia) and central Australia (southern Northern Territory); winters across northwestern Australia south of the tropics",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD41976A",null,null,"Mungi, interior of northwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/334/mode/1up","Gerygone laevigaster mungi"],["16794","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone levigaster","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.133","Mangrove Gerygone","Mangrove Gerygone","Mangrove Gerygone",null,null,"coastal southern New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704718","manger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manger1","avibase-1B655B31",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory. Corrected to laevigaster by Gould himself (1848, Birds Australia, pt. 34) and by most subsequent authors.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/285/mode/1up","Gerygone levigaster"],["16795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone levigaster pallida","Finsch, 1898","Notes from the Leyden Museum 20 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea and northwestern Torres Strait islands (northeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC2BE446",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37321#page/154/mode/1up","Gerygone pallida"],["16796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone levigaster levigaster","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia to eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86EFA319",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory. Corrected to laevigaster by Gould himself (1848, Birds Australia, pt. 34) and by most subsequent authors.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/285/mode/1up","Gerygone levigaster"],["16797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone levigaster cantator","(Weatherill, 1908)","Queensland Naturalist 1 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, Queensland to Wollongong, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6C7BC5B",null,null,"Moreton Bay, southeastern Queensland.","Description of a new Pseudogerygone from south-east Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204793#page/80/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone cantator"],["16798","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone ruficollis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.959","Brown-breasted Gerygone","Brown-breasted Gerygone","Brown-breasted Gerygone",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704714","brbger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbger1","avibase-C1F1EBF7",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/965/mode/1up","Gerygone? ruficollis"],["16799","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone insularis","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.2 p.117","Lord Howe Gerygone","Lord Howe Gerygone","Lord Howe Gerygone",null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1920s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704724","lohger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lohger1","avibase-D7A97007",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","On two new species of Gerygone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/149/mode/1up","Gerygone insularius"],["16800","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone modesta","Pelzeln, 1860","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 41 p.320","Norfolk Gerygone","Norfolk Island Gerygone","Norfolk Island Gerygone",null,null,"Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704731","noiger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noiger1","avibase-EECB2AB2",null,null,"Norfolk Island.","Zusammenstellung der bekannten philippinischen Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30221#page/370/mode/1up","Gerygone modesta"],["16801","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone igata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.201 AtlasOis. pl.11 fig.2","Grey Gerygone","Gray Gerygone","Grey Gerygone",null,null,"mainland New Zealand and adjacent offshore islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704735","gryger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryger1","avibase-C3D7DC15",null,null,"Tasman Bay, Cook Strait, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/259/mode/1up","Curruca igata"],["16802","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Gerygone albofrontata","Gray, 1845","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 Birds p.5 pl.4 fig.2","Chatham Islands Gerygone","Chatham Islands Gerygone","Chatham Islands Gerygone",null,null,"Chatham Islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704739","chiger2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiger2","avibase-15E26A63",null,null,"Chatham Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31178#page/85/mode/1up","Gerygone? albofrontata"],["16803","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthornis","Legge, 1887","Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania (1886) p.236",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Acanthiza magna [Gould, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Acanthornis"],["16804","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthornis magna","(Gould, 1855)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl., pt2 pl.28","Scrubtit","Scrubtit","Scrubtit",null,null,"Tasmania and King Island (Bass Strait)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704585","scrubt2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrubt2","avibase-69825DA0",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/125/mode/1up","Acanthiza magna"],["16805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthornis magna magna","(Gould, 1855)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl., pt2 pl.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania (except north)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91062A5E",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/125/mode/1up","Acanthiza magna"],["16806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthornis magna greeniana","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait, northwest of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A491FCB6",null,null,"Pegarah State Forest, King Island [South Australia]",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XXbJoaGF36YC&pg=PT138","Acanthornis magnus greenianus"],["16807","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aphelocephala","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Xerophila leucopsis [Gould, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/224/mode/1up","Aphelocephala"],["16808","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aphelocephala leucopsis","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.175","Southern Whiteface","Southern Whiteface","Southern Whiteface",null,null,"western, central, and southern Australia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704748","souwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souwhi1","avibase-AAEA810D",null,null,"Adelaide, South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/901/mode/1up","Xerophila leucopsis"],["16809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aphelocephala leucopsis castaneiventris","(Milligan, 1903)","The Emu 3 pt1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (west of Great Victoria Desert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1234A58",null,null,"Day Dawn, midwestern Australia.","Descriptions of a New Xerophila and a New Acanthiza from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36066#page/90/mode/1up","Xerophila castaneiventris"],["16810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aphelocephala leucopsis leucopsis","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern Australia (southeastern Western Australia eastward to southern Queensland south to central Victoria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-733418C7",null,null,"Adelaide, South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/901/mode/1up","Xerophila leucopsis"],["16811","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aphelocephala pectoralis","(Gould, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.45 p.192","Chestnut-breasted Whiteface","Chestnut-breasted Whiteface","Chestnut-breasted Whiteface",null,null,"south-central Australia (Marla southward to Lyndhurst, South Australia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704751","chbwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbwhi1","avibase-49305FE9",null,null,"Port Augusta, South Australia; Pimba-Woomera area suggested by Ragless, 1969, South Austral. Ornith., 25, p. 99.","XXII. Descriptions of two new Species pertaining to the Avifauna of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/206/mode/1up","Xerophila pectoralis"],["16812","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aphelocephala nigricincta","(North, 1895)","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.3 p.340","Banded Whiteface","Banded Whiteface","Banded Whiteface",null,null,"central Australia (Mount Magnet eastward to southwestern Queensland and northwestern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704754","banwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banwhi1","avibase-F755440B",null,null,"Missionary Plain, central Australia.","Preliminary Descriptions of a new Genus and of five new Species of Central Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/388/mode/1up","Xerophila nigricincta"],["16813","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla pusilla [Shaw, 1790]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/230/mode/1up","Acanthiza"],["16814","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza chrysorrhoa","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.198, p.189 AtlasOis. pl.10 fig.2","Yellow-rumped Thornbill","Yellow-rumped Thornbill","Yellow-rumped Thornbill",null,null,"Australia (except northern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704647","yertho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yertho1","avibase-B1B0E343",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/256/mode/1up","Saxicola chrysorrhoa"],["16815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza chrysorrhoa normantoni","(Mathews, 1913)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.4 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northeastern Australia (northern South Australia and southern Northern Territory, northwestern Queensland, and northeastern to southern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DBBB11A",null,null,"Normanton, northern Queensland.","New species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/94/mode/1up","Geobasileus chrysorrhous normantoni"],["16816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza chrysorrhoa leighi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E874BE20",null,null,"Lithgow, New South Wales.","Descriptions of new species of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/445/mode/1up","Acanthiza leighi"],["16817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza chrysorrhoa leachi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A1A1203",null,null,"Tasmania.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/375/mode/1up","Acanthiza chrysorrhoa leachi"],["16818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza chrysorrhoa chrysorrhoa","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.198, p.189 AtlasOis. pl.10 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Western Australia (Pilbara region to southwestern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17AF135E",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/256/mode/1up","Saxicola chrysorrhoa"],["16819","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza cinerea","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.958","Grey Thornbill","Gray Thornbill","Grey Thornbill",null,null,"Arfak Mountains to southeastern ranges of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704665","mouger1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouger1","avibase-BCF9128E",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/964/mode/1up","Gerygone? cinerea"],["16820","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza murina","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.377","New Guinea Thornbill","Papuan Thornbill","New Guinea Thornbill",null,null,"New Guinea (Snow Mountains to Owen Stanley Range)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704624","paptho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paptho1","avibase-87E8A565",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley; altitude 12,200 feet.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/435/mode/1up","Gerygone murina"],["16821","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza nana","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.226","Yellow Thornbill","Yellow Thornbill","Yellow Thornbill",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704653","yeltho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeltho1","avibase-D6D77AFA",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/235/mode/1up","Acanthiza nana"],["16822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza nana flava","White, 1922","The Emu 22 pt2 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (eastern fringes of upland Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFA65CCE",null,null,"Herberton, northern Queensland.","New Sub-species of Acanthiza nana, Vigors and Horsfield.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35198#page/169/mode/1up","Acanthiza nana flava"],["16823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza nana modesta","De Vis, 1905","Annals of the Queensland Museum 6 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central Queensland to southern Victoria and southern Flinders Ranges, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E49DEA39",null,null,"Charleville, southern Queensland.","Ornithological Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186230#page/329/mode/1up","Acanthiza modesta"],["16824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza nana nana","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (east of the Great Dividing Range from Moreton Bay, Queensland to Eden, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95F1D396",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/235/mode/1up","Acanthiza nana"],["16825","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza lineata","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.59","Striated Thornbill","Striated Thornbill","Striated Thornbill",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704656","strtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strtho1","avibase-D0A0845A",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/243/mode/1up","Acanthiza lineata"],["16826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza lineata alberti","Mathews, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Blackdown Tablelands, eastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAA25CFA",null,null,"Bunya Mountains, Queensland [Australia]","Amended names.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/389/mode/1up","Acanthiza lineata alberti"],["16827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza lineata clelandi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Mount Lofty Range to southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B466964",null,null,"Mt. Lofty, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/373/mode/1up","Acanthiza lineata clelandi"],["16828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza lineata lineata","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to eastern and southern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1097D7B3",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/243/mode/1up","Acanthiza lineata"],["16829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza lineata whitei","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A642CE2",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/62/mode/1up","Acanthiza lineata whitei"],["16830","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza apicalis","Gould, 1847","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.26) pl.57, with text","Inland Thornbill","Inland Thornbill","Inland Thornbill",null,null,"Australia (except northern, eastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731025","inltho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inltho1","avibase-4413633D",null,null,"Swan River, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/237/mode/1up","Acanthiza apicalis"],["16831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza apicalis cinerascens","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (Mt. Isa to Opalton, western Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2702B8E",null,null,"107 km SW of Winton on Tonkoro Road, Queensland  [Australia]",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XXbJoaGF36YC&pg=PT196","Acanthiza apicalis cinerascens"],["16832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza apicalis whitlocki","North, 1909","The Victorian Naturalist 26 no.5 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Australia (Shark Bay eastward to southern Northern Territory and northwestern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3955952F",null,null,"Lake Way, midwestern Australia.","Description of a new species of Acanthiza from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37553#page/69/mode/1up","Acanthiza whitlocki"],["16833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza apicalis apicalis","Gould, 1847","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.26) pl.57, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Australia (Bunbury to Eyre Peninsula and northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BAE8F2E",null,null,"Swan River, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/237/mode/1up","Acanthiza apicalis"],["16834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza apicalis albiventris","North, 1904","Nests and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania. Special catalogue no. 1. Australian Museum, Sydney no.1, vol.1, pt.? p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central Queensland and New South Wales to northern Victoria and eastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36761215",null,null,"near Dubbo, New South Wales.","Nest and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31727#page/320/mode/1up","Acanthiza albiventris"],["16835","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza ewingii","Gould, 1844","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.17) pl.55, with text","Tasmanian Thornbill","Tasmanian Thornbill","Tasmanian Thornbill",null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704635","tastho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tastho1","avibase-14B92847",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/229/mode/1up","Acanthiza ewingii"],["16836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza ewingii ewingii","Gould, 1844","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.17) pl.55, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia) and Flinders Island (northeast of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77148A33",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/229/mode/1up","Acanthiza ewingii"],["16837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza ewingii rufifrons","Campbell, 1903","The Emu 2 pt4 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait, northwest of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-264B3516",null,null,"King Island.","Description of a New Acanthiza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36302#page/233/mode/1up","Acanthiza rufifrons"],["16838","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza katherina","De Vis, 1905","Annals of the Queensland Museum 6 p.43","Mountain Thornbill","Mountain Thornbill","Mountain Thornbill",null,null,"northeastern Australia (uplands of Wet Tropics region)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704627","moutho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moutho1","avibase-E60E9E28",null,null,"Bellenden Ker Range, northern Queensland.","Ornithological Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186230#page/329/mode/1up","Acanthiza katherina"],["16839","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza pusilla","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.257,pl.","Brown Thornbill","Brown Thornbill","Brown Thornbill",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704630","brotho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brotho1","avibase-8F6C8E9E",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/365/mode/1up","Motacilla Pusilla"],["16840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza pusilla dawsonensis","Campbell, 1922","The Emu 22 pt1 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Bowen to Dawson Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A985D369",null,null,"Río Station, Dawson River, southeastern Queensland.","New Sub-species of Tit-Warblers (Acanthizae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35198#page/124/mode/1up","Acanthiza pusilla dawsonensis"],["16841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza pusilla pusilla","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.257,pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to Coorong, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF67DB81",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/365/mode/1up","Motacilla Pusilla"],["16842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza pusilla samueli","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.4 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Mount Lofty Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91E4BB8D",null,null,"Myponga, Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia.","New species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/94/mode/1up","Acanthiza pusilla samueli"],["16843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza pusilla diemenensis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.[59]",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia), Deal Island (northeast of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CE83556",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/243/mode/1up","Acanthiza diemenensis"],["16844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza pusilla magnirostris","Campbell, 1903","The Emu 2, pt4 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait, southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BA8CF4C",null,null,"King Island [Australia]","Description of a new Acanthiza","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36302#page/232/mode/1up","Acanthiza magnirostris"],["16845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza pusilla zietzi","North, 1904","Nests and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania. Special catalogue no. 1. Australian Museum, Sydney no.1, vol.1, pt.? p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEE890DB",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","Nest and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31727#page/315/mode/1up","Acanthiza zietzi"],["16846","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza robustirostris","Milligan, 1903","The Emu 3 p.71","Slaty-backed Thornbill","Slaty-backed Thornbill","Slaty-backed Thornbill",null,null,"central Australia (central Western Australian coast to southern Northern Territory and northern South Australia, and central Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704659","slbtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbtho1","avibase-4D64891A",null,null,"Day Dawn, midwestern Australia.","Descriptions of a New Xerophila and a New Acanthiza from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36066#page/91/mode/1up","Acanthiza robustirostris"],["16847","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza iredalei","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.97","Slender-billed Thornbill","Slender-billed Thornbill","Slender-billed Thornbill",null,null,"west-central to south-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704644","slbtho2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbtho2","avibase-D6ACB361",null,null,"Lake Way, midwestern Australia.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/125/mode/1up","Acanthiza iredalei"],["16848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza iredalei iredalei","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Shark Bay to Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19051F20",null,null,"Lake Way, midwestern Australia.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/125/mode/1up","Acanthiza iredalei"],["16849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza iredalei hedleyi","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.3 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (largely Ngarkat Conservation Reserve, South Australia and Little and Big deserts, western Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA4CCBA8",null,null,"Meningie, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/102/mode/1up","Acanthiza iredalei hedleyi"],["16850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza iredalei rosinae","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (St. Kilda to Ardrossan, coastal Gulf of St. Vincent)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0FFF8DE",null,null,"about 20 miles north of Adelaide, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/27/mode/1up","Acanthiza rosinae"],["16851","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza uropygialis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.60","Chestnut-rumped Thornbill","Chestnut-rumped Thornbill","Chestnut-rumped Thornbill",null,null,"southern Australia (Pilbara region to central Queensland, except wetter southwestern and southeastern coasts, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704650","chrtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chrtho1","avibase-27F7E242",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/247/mode/1up","Acanthiza uropygialis"],["16852","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza inornata","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.171","Western Thornbill","Western Thornbill","Western Thornbill",null,null,"southwestern Australia (Doongarra to Esperance)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704641","westho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/westho1","avibase-6601168A",null,null,"Swan River, southwestern Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/897/mode/1up","Acanthiza inornata"],["16853","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza reguloides","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.226","Buff-rumped Thornbill","Buff-rumped Thornbill","Buff-rumped Thornbill",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704638","burtho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burtho1","avibase-7B1144C8",null,null,"Parramatta, New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/235/mode/1up","Acanthiza reguloides"],["16854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza reguloides squamata","De Vis, 1889","The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 6 pt5 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, to Rockhampton)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2720C73",null,null,"Herberton, northern Queensland.","Description of an Acanthiza from Heberton.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148132#page/314/mode/1up","Acanthiza squamata"],["16855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza reguloides nesa","(Mathews, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (Blackdown Tableland to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F017DC7A",null,null,"Bunya Mountains, southern Queensland.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/374/mode/1up","Geobasileus reguloides nesa"],["16856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza reguloides reguloides","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Queensland border to southern and central Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26B5C56A",null,null,"Parramatta, New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/235/mode/1up","Acanthiza reguloides"],["16857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Acanthiza reguloides australis","(North, 1904)","Nests and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania. Special catalogue no. 1. Australian Museum, Sydney no.1, vol.1, pt.? p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Mount Lofty Range to western Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E6A6B2A",null,null,"Woodside, near Adelaide.","Nest and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31727#page/331/mode/1up","Geobasileus australis"],["16858","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Smicrornis","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Smicrornis flavescens [Gould, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,"Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/285/mode/1up","Smicrornis"],["16859","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Smicrornis brevirostris","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.61","Weebill","Weebill","Weebill",null,null,"Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704662","weebil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weebil1","avibase-4568006A",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/252/mode/1up","Psilopus brevirostris"],["16860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Smicrornis brevirostris flavescens","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B13C866E",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/286/mode/1up","Smicrornis flavescens"],["16861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Smicrornis brevirostris brevirostris","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.61",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (Burdekin River, Queensland southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9627D69B",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/252/mode/1up","Psilopus brevirostris"],["16862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Smicrornis brevirostris occidentalis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Australia (Geraldton to northwestern Victoria and southwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD7502C5",null,null,"Australia occidentalis","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/461/mode/1up","Smicrornis occidentalis"],["16863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Smicrornis brevirostris ochrogaster","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australia (Pilbara region to Gibson Desert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-036826CA",null,null,"c. 20 km W of Wiluna, WA [=Western Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Smicrornis brevirostris ochrogaster"],["16864","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pycnoptilus","Gould, 1851","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.206 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pycnoptilus floccosus [Gould, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/143/mode/1up","Pycnoptilus"],["16865","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pycnoptilus floccosus","Gould, 1851","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.206 p.95","Pilotbird","Pilotbird","Pilotbird",null,null,"southeastern Australia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704513","pilotb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilotb1","avibase-F16E99A0",null,null,"Interior of New South Wales = Blue Mountains, fide Mathews, 1921, Birds Australia, 9, p. 220.","Descriptions of new Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/143/mode/1up","Pycnoptilus floccosus"],["16866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pycnoptilus floccosus sandlandi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal New South Wales (southward from Newcastle) and Victoria (eastward from Melbourne)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-394A3DBE",null,null,"Victoria = Sassafras, Victoria, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 199.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/355/mode/1up","Pycnoptilus floccosus sandlandi"],["16867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pycnoptilus floccosus floccosus","Gould, 1851","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.206 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Snowy Mountains of New South Wales (from Brindabella Range southward to Kosciusko escarpment), in southeastern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F35BDB87",null,null,"Interior of New South Wales = Blue Mountains, fide Mathews, 1921, Birds Australia, 9, p. 220.","Descriptions of new Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/143/mode/1up","Pycnoptilus floccosus"],["16868","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pyrrholaemus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pyrrholaemus brunneus [Gould, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/899/mode/1up","Pyrrholaemus"],["16869","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pyrrholaemus sagittatus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.liv","Speckled Warbler","Speckled Warbler","Speckled Warbler",null,null,"southeastern Australia (central and eastern Queensland southward to central Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728490","spewar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spewar3","avibase-A68B1787",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/60/mode/1up","Sylvia sagittata"],["16870","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Pyrrholaemus brunneus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.173","Redthroat","Redthroat","Redthroat",null,null,"semiarid southern Australia (central western coast to southwestern Queensland and northwestern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704593","redthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redthr1","avibase-AFAD2F60",null,null,"Belts of the Murray, South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/899/mode/1up","Pyrrholaemus brunneus"],["16871","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Acanthiza pyrrhopygia [Vigors & Horsfield]; type by original designation",null,"Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/287/mode/1up","Hylacola"],["16872","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola pyrrhopygia","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.227","Chestnut-rumped Heathwren","Chestnut-rumped Heathwren","Chestnut-rumped Heathwren","2025-0244","Genus name revisions following Norman et al. (2018) are: <em>Hylacola pyrrhopygia</em> becomes <em>Calamanthus pyrrhopygius; Hylacola cauta </em>becomes <em>Calamanthus cautus; Origma murina </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis murina; Origma robusta </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis robusta</em>; and <em>Aethomyias nigrorufus </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis nigrorufa</em>.","southern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704604","chrhea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chrhea1","avibase-61C34487",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/236/mode/1up","Acanthiza pyrrhopygia"],["16873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola pyrrhopygia pyrrhopygia","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Stanthorpe, southeastern Queensland to Keith, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F218A57",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/236/mode/1up","Acanthiza pyrrhopygia"],["16874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri","(Schodde & Mason, 1999)","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Mount Lofty Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25686CC0",null,null,"Bollaparudda Creek, about 20 miles west of Port Victor, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Calamanthus pyrrhopygius parkeri"],["16875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola pyrrhopygia pedleri","(Schodde & Mason, 1999)","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (southern Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDCBE46D",null,null,"1.3 km north of Nelshaby Gorge, southern Flinders Ranges, SA [South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Calamanthus pyrrhopygius pedleri"],["16876","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola cauta","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.135","Shy Heathwren","Shy Heathwren","Shy Heathwren","2025-0244","Genus name revisions following Norman et al. (2018) are: <em>Hylacola pyrrhopygia</em> becomes <em>Calamanthus pyrrhopygius; Hylacola cauta </em>becomes <em>Calamanthus cautus; Origma murina </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis murina; Origma robusta </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis robusta</em>; and <em>Aethomyias nigrorufus </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis nigrorufa</em>.","southern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704614","shyhea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shyhea1","avibase-6F9A44BC",null,null,"Belts of the Murray, South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/287/mode/1up","Hylacola cauta"],["16877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola cauta macrorhyncha","(Schodde & Mason, 1999)","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Griffith to Cobar, central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFF12DA7",null,null,"Round Hill west of Euabalong, NSW [=New South Wales, Australia]",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XXbJoaGF36YC&lpg=PT198&pg=PT144#v=onepage&q=Calamanthus%20cautus%20macrorhynchus&f=false","Calamanthus cautus macrorhynchus"],["16878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola cauta cauta","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Eyre Peninsula and Flinders Ranges to northwestern Victoria and adjacent New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEF24D32",null,null,"Belts of the Murray, South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/287/mode/1up","Hylacola cauta"],["16879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola cauta halmaturina","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1A57448",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/357/mode/1up","Hylacola pyrrhopygia halmaturina"],["16880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Hylacola cauta whitlocki","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid southwestern central Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F079061D",null,null,"Western Australia = Stirling Range, Western Australia, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 200.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/357/mode/1up","Hylacola pyrrhopygia whitlocki"],["16881","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Praticola anthoides [Swainson, 1838]; type by monotypy = Anthus fuliginosus Vigors & Horsfield, 1827  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/310/mode/1up","Calamanthus"],["16882","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus fuliginosus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.230","Striated Fieldwren","Striated Fieldwren","Striated Fieldwren",null,null,"southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704600","strfie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strfie1","avibase-4F4CA5E6",null,null,"Tasmania = Derwent River district, mideastern Tasmania, fide Parker and Eckert, 1983, South Austral. Ornith., 29, p. 71.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/239/mode/1up","Anthus fuliginosus"],["16883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus fuliginosus albiloris","North, 1902","The Victorian Naturalist 19 no.7 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Budawang Range, southeastern New South Wales and eastern Port Phillip Bay, Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C04B6B74",null,null,"Victoria.","On three apparently undescribed species of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37546#page/122/mode/1up","Calamanthus albiloris"],["16884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus fuliginosus bourneorum","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (western Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, to Robe, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01EA2B16",null,null,"Big Heath Conservation Park, Bool Lagoon, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Calamanthus fuliginosus bourneorum"],["16885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus fuliginosus fuliginosus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E06B8141",null,null,"Tasmania = Derwent River district, mideastern Tasmania, fide Parker and Eckert, 1983, South Austral. Ornith., 29, p. 71.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/239/mode/1up","Anthus fuliginosus"],["16886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus fuliginosus diemenensis","North, 1904","Nests and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania. Special catalogue no. 1. Australian Museum, Sydney no.1, vol.1, pt.? p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96CE8011",null,null,"Waratah, northeastern Tasmania.","Nest and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31727#page/398/mode/1up","Calamanthus diemenensis"],["16887","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus montanellus","Milligan, 1903","The Emu 2 pt4 p.200","Western Fieldwren","Western Fieldwren","Western Fieldwren",null,null,"semiarid southwestern Australia (Geraldton to Point Culver)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691282","ruffie3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruffie3","avibase-550BF21D",null,null,"Stirling Range, southwestern Australia.","Descriptions of a New Calamanthus and a New Megalurus from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36302#page/230/mode/1up","Calamanthus montanellus"],["16888","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.171","Rufous Fieldwren","Rufous Fieldwren","Rufous Fieldwren",null,null,"western, south-central, and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691268","ruffie2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruffie2","avibase-92A779D7",null,null,"Port Augusta, South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/897/mode/1up","Praticola campestris"],["16889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris winiam","Campbell & Campbell, 1927","The Emu 27 pt2 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Ngarkat, South Australia, Big and Little deserts to Lake Tyrell, Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02A398CB",null,null,"near Winiam, south of Nhill, Victoria.","New Species of Field-Wren.",null,"Calamanthus winiam"],["16890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris campestris","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Australia (southeastern Western Australia eastward through South Australia to northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ACC1D4F",null,null,"Port Augusta, South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/897/mode/1up","Praticola campestris"],["16891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris rubiginosus","Campbell, 1899","The Victorian Naturalist 16 no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal west-central Australia (Kalbarri to Northwest Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-599602AC",null,null,"Point Cloates, midwestern Australia.","Descriptions of three new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94958#page/15/mode/1up","Calamanthus rubiginosus"],["16892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris dorrie","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australian coast (Dorre Island, Shark Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E11FEE39",null,null,"Dorrie (= Dorre) Island, midwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/361/mode/1up","Calamanthus campestris dorrie"],["16893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris hartogi","Carter, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australian coast (Dirk Hartog Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA599BE2",null,null,"Dirk Hartog Island, midwestern Australia.","Description, on behalf of Mr. Tom Carter, of new subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/330/mode/1up","Calamanthus campestris hartogi"],["16894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris wayensis","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australia (Mount Magnet to Lake Yeo to Lake Disappointment)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAE15982",null,null,"Lake Way, midwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/362/mode/1up","Calamanthus campestris wayensis"],["16895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Calamanthus campestris isabellinus","North, 1896","Report on the work of the Horn Scientific Exploring Expedition to Central Australia. Part 2. Zoology pt.2 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (north of Lake Eyre-Frome basin, South Australia, northwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D12B8DB4",null,null,"Missionary Plain, central Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265829#page/107/mode/1up","Calamanthus isabellinus"],["16896","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia solitaria [Lewin, 1808]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/309/mode/1up","Origma"],["16897","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma robusta","(De Vis, 1898)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1896 to 30th June 1897 with Appendices p.84","Mountain Mouse-warbler","Mountain Mouse-Warbler","Mountain Mouse-warbler","2025-0244","Genus name revisions following Norman et al. (2018) are: <em>Hylacola pyrrhopygia</em> becomes <em>Calamanthus pyrrhopygius; Hylacola cauta </em>becomes <em>Calamanthus cautus; Origma murina </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis murina; Origma robusta </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis robusta</em>; and <em>Aethomyias nigrorufus </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis nigrorufa</em>.","montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704532","momwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/momwar1","avibase-34819139",null,null,"Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1898No23p41-96.pdf#page=44","Gerygone robusta"],["16898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma robusta peninsularis","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-250CD04E",null,null,"Lehuma, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/102/mode/1up","Crateroscelis robusta peninsularis"],["16899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma robusta bastille","(Diamond, 1969)","American Museum Novitates no.2362 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal north-central New Guinea (Bewani and Torricelli mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDCC379F",null,null,"A.M.N.H. No. 789762; adult male; Mt. Nibo, Torricelli Mountains, Sepik District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, 4750 feet; July 14, 1966; J. M. Diamond.","Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the North Coastal Range, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2572/","Crateroscelis robusta bastille"],["16900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma robusta diamondi","(Beehler & Prawiradilaga, 2010)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 130 p.280 [277-285]",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Foja Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BF7AE1C",null,null,"forest at the Bog Camp, Foja Mountains, Sarmi District, Papua, Indonesia, at 1,652 m (02°34’22\"S, 138°43’02”E) on 27 November 2005.","New taxa and new records of birds from the north coastal ranges of New Guinea","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182902#page/296/mode/1up","Crateroscelis robusta diamondi"],["16901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma robusta deficiens","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0A43886",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/101/mode/1up","Crateroscelis robusta deficiens"],["16902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma robusta sanfordi","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Weyland and Jayawijaya mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4AE7217",null,null,"Wondiwoi Mountains, Wandammen Peninsula, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/101/mode/1up","Crateroscelis sanfordi"],["16903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma robusta robusta","(De Vis, 1898)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1896 to 30th June 1897 with Appendices p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Herzog and Owen Stanley mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4D1F3B3",null,null,"Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1898No23p41-96.pdf#page=44","Gerygone robusta"],["16904","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma solitaria","(Lewin, 1808)","Birds of New Holland, with their natural history p.20 pl.16","Rockwarbler","Rockwarbler","Rockwarbler",null,null,"east-central New South Wales (sandstone outcrops between Scone and the Budawang Range, coastal New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704516","rocwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocwar1","avibase-C2591EC1",null,null,"Parramatta, New South Wales.",null,null,"Sylvia solitaria"],["16905","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma murina","(Sclater, 1858)","Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.158","Rusty Mouse-warbler","Rusty Mouse-Warbler","Rusty Mouse-warbler","2025-0244","Genus name revisions following Norman et al. (2018) are: <em>Hylacola pyrrhopygia</em> becomes <em>Calamanthus pyrrhopygius; Hylacola cauta </em>becomes <em>Calamanthus cautus; Origma murina </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis murina; Origma robusta </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis robusta</em>; and <em>Aethomyias nigrorufus </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis nigrorufa</em>.","New Guinea and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704523","rumwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rumwar1","avibase-C53C2B2E",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35033#page/168/mode/1up","Brachypteryx murinus"],["16906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma murina murina","(Sclater, 1858)","Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (lowlands throughout, except for the Trans-Fly region), including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8035010A",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35033#page/168/mode/1up","Brachypteryx murinus"],["16907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma murina monacha","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Aru Islands (New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35266D77",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/241/mode/1up","Alcippe monacha"],["16908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma murina pallida","(Rand, 1938)","American Museum Novitates no.991 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D17040CA",null,null,"east bank of the Fly River, opposite Sturt Island, New Guinea.","On some passerine New Guinea birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3869/","Crateroscelis murina pallida"],["16909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Origma murina capitalis","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo, Batanta, and Misool Islands (western Papuan islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-439336A6",null,null,"Waigeo.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-1932. I. Zur Ornithologie der Insel Waigeu.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0013-0018.pdf#page=3","Crateroscelis murinus capitalis"],["16910","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Neosericornis","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa lathami [auctorum]; type by monotypy",null,"A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/377/mode/1up","Neosericornis"],["16911","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Neosericornis citreogularis","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.58 fig.4","Yellow-throated Scrubwren","Yellow-throated Scrubwren","Yellow-throated Scrubwren","2025-0236","Taxon <em>citreogularis </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Neosericornis </em>following Norman et al. (2018).","eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704536","yetscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetscr1","avibase-D51A7B9A",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/239/mode/1up","Sericornis citreogularis"],["16912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Neosericornis citreogularis cairnsi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D34ABE",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/378/mode/1up","Sericornis lathami cairnsi"],["16913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Neosericornis citreogularis citreogularis","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.58 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Clarence River to Moruya, coastal New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A18F88A4",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/239/mode/1up","Sericornis citreogularis"],["16914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Neosericornis citreogularis intermedius","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Gympie, southeastern Queensland to Clarence River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61BCBD9C",null,null,"Queensland (Blackall Ranges)","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/378/mode/1up","Sericornis lathami intermedia"],["16915","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.271",null,null,null,"2025-0237","The genus <em>Aethomyias </em>is used for <em>A. rufescens, A. perspicillatus, A. arfakianus, A. papuensis</em> and <em>A. spilodera</em> following Norman et al. (2018).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Entomophila? spilodera [G. R. Gray]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/289/mode/1up","Aethomyias"],["16916","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias nigrorufus","(Salvadori, 1895)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.151","Bicolored Scrubwren","Bicolored Scrubwren","Bicoloured Scrubwren","2025-0244","Genus name revisions following Norman et al. (2018) are: <em>Hylacola pyrrhopygia</em> becomes <em>Calamanthus pyrrhopygius; Hylacola cauta </em>becomes <em>Calamanthus cautus; Origma murina </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis murina; Origma robusta </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis robusta</em>; and <em>Aethomyias nigrorufus </em>becomes <em>Crateroscelis nigrorufa</em>.","discontinuously from montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704527","bimwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bimwar1","avibase-FA91B53C",null,null,"Moroka, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/163/mode/1up","Sericornis nigro-rufa"],["16917","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias spilodera","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.155","Pale-billed Scrubwren","Pale-billed Scrubwren","Pale-billed Scrubwren",null,null,"New Guinea and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704582","pabscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabscr1","avibase-B4FFDAC9",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/215/mode/1up","Entomophila? spilodera"],["16918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias spilodera ferrugineus","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo and Batanta Islands (western Papuan islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52F55CDF",null,null,"Waigeo.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-1932. I. Zur Ornithologie der Insel Waigeu.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0013-0018.pdf#page=4","Sericornis spilodera ferruginea"],["16919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias spilodera spilodera","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (eastward to Astrolabe Bay) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73AB73A6",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/215/mode/1up","Entomophila? spilodera"],["16920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias spilodera granti","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Snow Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57A1E831",null,null,"Snow Mountains (= Utakwa River), southwestern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/105/mode/1up","Aethomyias spilodera granti"],["16921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias spilodera guttatus","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea) to northeastern (Huon Peninsula), and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C760BD8",null,null,"Choqueri (= Sogeri) district, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/446/mode/1up","Aethomyias guttata"],["16922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias spilodera aruensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D33A275A",null,null,"Wokan, Aru Islands.","Descriptions of two new birds obtained by Mr. Walter Goodfellow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/57/mode/1up","Sericornis aruensis"],["16923","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias rufescens","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.961","Vogelkop Scrubwren","Vogelkop Scrubwren","Vogelkop Scrubwren",null,null,"western New Guinea (Arfak and Tamrau mountains and Bomberai Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704570","vogscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vogscr1","avibase-F4F588DC",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/967/mode/1up","Gerygone? rufescens"],["16924","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias perspicillatus","(Salvadori, 1896)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.99","Buff-faced Scrubwren","Buff-faced Scrubwren","Buff-faced Scrubwren",null,null,"humid montane forest of central and eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704573","bufscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufscr1","avibase-89E5A8A0",null,null,"Moroka, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/107/mode/1up","Sericornis perspicillata"],["16925","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias arfakianus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.960","Grey-green Scrubwren","Gray-green Scrubwren","Grey-green Scrubwren",null,null,"humid montane forest of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704576","gygscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gygscr1","avibase-52B8B755",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.","Über neue und ungenügend bekannte Vögel im Königl. Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/966/mode/1up","Gerygone? arfakiana"],["16926","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias papuensis","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.102","Papuan Scrubwren","Papuan Scrubwren","Papuan Scrubwren",null,null,"montane western, central, northeastern, and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704579","papscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papscr1","avibase-25F21608",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=32","Acanthiza papuensis"],["16927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias papuensis meeki","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.3 p.503",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Jayawijaya Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F28CEFD",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Snow Mountains.","List of the collections of birds made by Albert S. Meek in the lower ranges of the Snow mountains, on the Eilanden River, and on Mount Goliath during the years 1910 and 1911.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/527/mode/1up","Sericornis meeki"],["16928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias papuensis buergersi","(Stresemann, 1921)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.5 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Weyland Mountains to central highlands and Sepik Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3348A16",null,null,"Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains.","New forms of Munia, Sericornis, Xanthotis, Melipotes, Peltops, Pachycephala, Pinarolestes, Cacomantis, Collocalia, Hemiprocne described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/46/mode/1up","Sericornis bürgersi"],["16929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Aethomyias papuensis papuensis","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E49BC839",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=32","Acanthiza papuensis"],["16930","genus","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Acanthiza frontalis [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/239/mode/1up","Sericornis"],["16931","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis magnirostra","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.60","Large-billed Scrubwren","Large-billed Scrubwren","Large-billed Scrubwren",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704559","labscr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labscr2","avibase-6ECFB133",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/247/mode/1up","Acanthiza magnirostra"],["16932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis magnirostra viridior","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD2DEAE2",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/379/mode/1up","Sericornis magnirostris viridior"],["16933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis magnirostra magnirostra","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.60",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Clarke-Connors Range to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D1073B",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/247/mode/1up","Acanthiza magnirostra"],["16934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis magnirostra howei","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Gippsland to eastern Melbourne, Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE8FC9DF",null,null,"Victoria = Gippsland, Victoria, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 221.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/379/mode/1up","Sericornis magnirostris howei"],["16935","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis beccarii","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.79","Tropical Scrubwren","Tropical Scrubwren","Tropical Scrubwren",null,null,"New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104008462","becscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/becscr1","avibase-DBADB22C",null,null,"Wokan, Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/92/mode/1up","Sericornis beccarii"],["16936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis beccarii wondiwoi","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.904 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Wondiwoi Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DCC88EE",null,null,"Wondiwoi Mountains (Wandammen district), northwestern New Guinea.","Notes on the genus Sericornis Gould.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3854/","Sericornis beccarii wondiwoi"],["16937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis beccarii beccarii","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08180CFB",null,null,"Wokan, Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/92/mode/1up","Sericornis beccarii"],["16938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis beccarii cyclopum","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Weyland, Wandammen, Foja, Cyclops Mountains (northwestern and north-central New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25198571",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/103/mode/1up","Sericornis magnirostris cyclopum"],["16939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis beccarii randi","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.904 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Trans-Fly lowlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFA19963",null,null,"Wuroi, Oriomo River.","Notes on the genus Sericornis Gould.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3854/","Sericornis beccarii randi"],["16940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis beccarii minimus","Gould, 1875","The birds of New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands, including many new species recently discovered in Australia pt1 pl.7,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23E92576",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229963#page/37/mode/1up","Sericornis minimus"],["16941","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi","van Oort, 1909","Nova Guinea 9 p.90","Large Scrubwren","Large Scrubwren",null,"2025-0235","Taxon <em>virgatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Sericornis nouhuysi</em> (polytypic) following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016). Species and subspecies limits in this group are uncertain, and taxon <em>virgatus</em>, sometimes treated as a species, has also been described as a series of hybrid populations between <em>nouhuysi </em>and <em>beccarii </em>(Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016). Further research, including genetic and bioacoustic analyses, is needed.","highlands of New Guinea including Yapen (Geelvink Bay)",null,null,null,"larscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larscr1","avibase-AEAA4FC6",null,null,"Hellwig Mountains, Oranje Range.","Birds from south western and southern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124820#page/152/mode/1up","Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi"],["16942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi cantans","Mayr, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula; populations of Fakfak and Kumawa mountains probably also this subspecies)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3831585",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0176-0178.pdf#page=2","Sericornis magnirostris cantans"],["16943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi jobiensis","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D18EA22F",null,null,"Japen Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. II. Die Vögel von Numfor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/250/mode/1up","Sericornis magnirostris jobiensis"],["16944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi nouhuysi","van Oort, 1909","Nova Guinea 9 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western New Guinea (Weyland, Nassau, and Oranje mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ADE040D",null,null,"Hellwig Mountains, Oranje Range.","Birds from south western and southern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124820#page/152/mode/1up","Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi"],["16945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi stresemanni","Mayr, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands of New Guinea; possibly a junior synonym of subspecies pontifex",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F875D9B7",null,null,"Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0176-0178.pdf#page=2","Sericornis magnirostris stresemanni"],["16946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi adelberti","Pratt, 1982","The Emu 82 pt3 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Adelbert Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD7A75D8",null,null,"Mt. Mengam, Adelbert Mountains, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.","Additions to the avifauna of the Adelbert Range, Papua New Guinea.",null,"Sericornis nouhuysi adelberti"],["16947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi oorti","Rothschild & Hartert, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.3 p.503",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Herzog Mountains and mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F94C8802",null,null,"Bihagi, head of Mambare River, southeastern New Guinea.","List of the collections of birds made by Albert S. Meek in the lower ranges of the Snow mountains, on the Eilanden River, and on Mount Goliath during the years 1910 and 1911.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/527/mode/1up","Sericornis arfakiana oorti"],["16948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi monticola","Mayr & Rand, 1936","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 21, heft 2 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (high Owen Stanley Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-565C6CCD",null,null,"Mt. Albert Edward, Seite; altitude 3,680 meters, New Guinea","Neue Unterarten von Vögeln aus Neu-Guinea.",null,"Sericornis nouhuysi monticola"],["16949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis nouhuysi virgatus","(Reichenow, 1915)","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"northern slopes of Sepik-Ramu drainage (northeastern New Guinea), Toricelli Mountains, Victor Emanuel Mountains, Hunstein Range, and Sepik Mountains (north-central New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C373BE59",null,null,"Maeanderberg, middle Sepik River, New Guinea; altitude 600 meters.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/136/mode/1up","Crateroscelis virgata"],["16950","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis keri","Mathews, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.106","Atherton Scrubwren","Atherton Scrubwren","Atherton Scrubwren",null,null,"northeastern Australia (uplands of Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704546","athscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/athscr1","avibase-C3631CAD",null,null,"Bellenden Ker Range, northern Queensland.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/374/mode/1up","Sericornis magnirostris keri"],["16951","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis humilis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.58","Tasmanian Scrubwren","Tasmanian Scrubwren","Tasmanian Scrubwren",null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704542","tasscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tasscr1","avibase-C9FE7134",null,null,"southern Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/239/mode/1up","Sericornis humilis"],["16952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis humilis tregellasi","(Mathews, 1914)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait, northwest of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2E86D16",null,null,"King Island.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/117/mode/1up","Tasmanornis humilis tregellasi"],["16953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis humilis humilis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FF3FE74",null,null,"southern Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/239/mode/1up","Sericornis humilis"],["16954","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis maculatus","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.2","Spotted Scrubwren","Spotted Scrubwren",null,"2025-0234","Taxon <em>maculatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sericornis frontalis</em> (polytypic) on the basis of plumage and genetics following Norman et al. (2018). Differences in eye color (Cake 2019) largely support this split except that subspecies <em>ashbyi </em>aligns with the <em>frontalis </em>group; genomic data would be informative.","southwestern and southern Australia",null,null,null,"whbscr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbscr3","avibase-56DB5D90",null,null,"western and southern Australia = Albany (Perth), fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 615.","Description of Six New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/504/mode/1up","Sericornis maculatus"],["16955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis maculatus ashbyi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (off South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CC11A10",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/380/mode/1up","Sericornis maculatus ashbyi"],["16956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis maculatus mellori","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Australia (Hopetoun, southwestern Australia east to Gulf of St Vincent, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A040880E",null,null,"Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/380/mode/1up","Sericornis maculatus mellori"],["16957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis maculatus maculatus","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Dongara to Hopetoun)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57376F12",null,null,"western and southern Australia = Albany (Perth), fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 615.","Description of Six New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/504/mode/1up","Sericornis maculatus"],["16958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis maculatus balstoni","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to Dongara–Jurien Bay, including Houtman Abrolhos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E59FFE8B",null,null,"Bernier Island, midwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/444/mode/1up","Sericornis balstoni"],["16959","species","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis frontalis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.226","White-browed Scrubwren","White-browed Scrubwren",null,"2025-0234","Taxon <em>maculatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sericornis frontalis</em> (polytypic) on the basis of plumage and genetics following Norman et al. (2018). Differences in eye color (Cake 2019) largely support this split except that subspecies <em>ashbyi </em>aligns with the <em>frontalis </em>group; genomic data would be informative.","western, southern, and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"whbscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbscr1","avibase-28FE48D9",null,null,"no locality = Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1922, Birds Australia, 10, p. 7.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/235/mode/1up","Acanthiza frontalis"],["16960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis frontalis laevigaster","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (upland Wet Tropics region, east-central and southeastern Queensland to Burnett River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDEA174A",null,null,"'Interior of Australia, near the Gulf of Carpentaria' = Expedition Range, head of Dawson River, at about lat. 25° S., fide A. G. Campbell, 1935, Emu, 34, p. 249.","Description of Six New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/505/mode/1up","Sericornis laevigaster"],["16961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis frontalis tweedi","Mathews, 1922","The birds of Australia 10 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (Tweed to Hunter Rivers, northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20F1671A",null,null,"Tweed River, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226382#page/94/mode/1up","Sericornis laevigaster tweedi"],["16962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis frontalis frontalis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Hunter River, New South Wales to southern Victoria and southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A15BB36A",null,null,"no locality = Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1922, Birds Australia, 10, p. 7.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/235/mode/1up","Acanthiza frontalis"],["16963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis frontalis harterti","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Otway Peninsula to Strzelecki Range and Wilson's Promontory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E14DFAFF",null,null,"Cape Otway, Victoria.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/378/mode/1up","Sericornis parvula harterti"],["16964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis frontalis rosinae","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Mount Lofty Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D0098E6",null,null,"Mt. Lofty, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/378/mode/1up","Sericornis frontalis rosinae"],["16965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acanthizidae","Gerygones, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and allies","Sericornis frontalis flindersi","White & Mellor, 1913","The Emu 12 pt3 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Flinders Island, northeast of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0AB7915",null,null,"Flinders Island, Bass Strait.","Descriptions of Three New Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81122#page/231/mode/1up","Sericornis flindersi"],["16966","family","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphagidae",null,null,"Honeyeaters","Honeyeaters","Honeyeaters",null,null,null,null,null,null,"meliph3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meliph3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["16967","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.8 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myza sarasinorum [Meyer, AB, & Wiglesworth, 1895]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/67/mode/1up","Myza"],["16968","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza celebensis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.4 p.2","Dark-eared Myza","Dark-eared Myza","Dark-eared Myza",null,null,"montane Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704307","daehon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daehon1","avibase-FC002FE5",null,null,"Bone Mountains, Gorontalo, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/28/mode/1up","Arachnothera ? celebensis"],["16969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza celebensis celebensis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.4 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern, central, and southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B335817",null,null,"Bone Mountains, Gorontalo, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/28/mode/1up","Arachnothera ? celebensis"],["16970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza celebensis meridionalis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFB9AD47",null,null,"Bonthain Mountains [= Lampobatang] , southern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/27/mode/1up","Melilestes celebensis meridionalis"],["16971","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza sarasinorum","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.8 p.11","White-eared Myza","White-eared Myza","White-eared Myza",null,null,"montane Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704310","grshon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grshon1","avibase-1EF6616D",null,null,"Matinan Mountains, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/67/mode/1up","Myza sarasinorum"],["16972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza sarasinorum sarasinorum","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.8 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1A927AC",null,null,"Matinan Mountains, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/67/mode/1up","Myza sarasinorum"],["16973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza sarasinorum chionogenys","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central and south-central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E679B78A",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains, southcentral Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. III. Zur Ornithologie des Matinang-Gebirges auf der Nordhalbinsel von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0077-0085.pdf#page=8","Myza sarasinorum chionogenys"],["16974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myza sarasinorum pholidota","Stresemann, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AACED9E7",null,null,"Mengkoka Mountains, southeastern Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=3","Myza sarasinorum pholidota"],["16975","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthorhynchus","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhia tenuirostris [Latham, 1801]; type by subsequent designation (Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5, p. 24).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/117/mode/1up","Acanthorhynchus"],["16976","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthorhynchus superciliosus","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.27 fig.1","Western Spinebill","Western Spinebill","Western Spinebill",null,null,"southwestern Australia (Dongara to Israelite Bay)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704424","wesspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesspi1","avibase-C5ACCD75",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [error = Perth, Western Australia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/117/mode/1up","Acanthorhynchus superciliosus"],["16977","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxvi","Eastern Spinebill","Eastern Spinebill","Eastern Spinebill",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704421","easspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easspi1","avibase-A542D690",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/42/mode/1up","Certhia tenuirostris"],["16978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris cairnsensis","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C6AFCF1",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/421/mode/1up","Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris cairnsensis"],["16979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris dubius","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.27 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands, Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24D09F56",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/117/mode/1up","Acanthorhynchus dubius"],["16980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris halmaturinus","Campbell, 1906","The Emu 5 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Mount Lofty Range, and Kangaroo Island off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23396A21",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","Report on the Birds of Kangaroo Island : a Comparison with Mainland Forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34189#page/236/mode/1up","Acanthorhynchus halmaturina"],["16981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris tenuirostris","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxvi",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Proserpine, central Queensland to Robe, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB8DA240",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/42/mode/1up","Certhia tenuirostris"],["16982","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Glycichaera","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Glycichaera fallax [Salvadori, 1878]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/349/mode/1up","Glycichaera"],["16983","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Glycichaera fallax","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.335","Green-backed Honeyeater","Green-backed Honeyeater","Green-backed Honeyeater",null,null,"New Guinea and east-central Cape York Peninsula (northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703940","grbhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbhon1","avibase-CA49E4FB",null,null,"Naiabui (Hall Sound, southeastern New Guinea), Andai (Vogelkop Peninsula) and Aru Islands; restricted to Hall Sound by Mayr and Rand, 1936, Orn. Monatsb., 44, p. 43.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/349/mode/1up","Glycichaera fallax"],["16984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Glycichaera fallax pallida","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo and Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52A291FD",null,null,"Waigeu Island.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-1932. I. Zur Ornithologie der Insel Waigeu.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0013-0018.pdf#page=3","Glycichaera fallax pallida"],["16985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Glycichaera fallax fallax","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, Misool, Aru and Yapen islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-839BC544",null,null,"Naiabui (Hall Sound, southeastern New Guinea), Andai (Vogelkop Peninsula) and Aru Islands; restricted to Hall Sound by Mayr and Rand, 1936, Orn. Monatsb., 44, p. 43.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/349/mode/1up","Glycichaera fallax"],["16986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Glycichaera fallax claudi","(Mathews, 1914)","South Australian Ornithologist 1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-841C9B0B",null,null,"Claudie River, northern Queensland.",null,"https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume1/1914V1_2P012.pdf","Macgillivrayornis claudi"],["16987","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melionyx","Iredale, 1956","Birds of New Guinea 2 p.141.",null,null,null,"2025-0980","The genus <em>Melionyx </em>(polytypic, including <em>fuscus, princeps</em>, and <em>nouhuysi</em>) is recognized based on multilocus DNA (Marki et al. 2017) and genomic DNA (Andersen et al. 2019; Hay et al. 2022) data. Formerly placed in <em>Melidectes</em>, genetic studies indicate that the two genera are widely paraphyletic.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Acanthochoera fusca [De Vis]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Melionyx"],["16988","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melionyx fuscus","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.383","Sooty Honeyeater","Sooty Honeyeater","Sooty Honeyeater",null,null,"high montane central and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704252","soomel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soomel1","avibase-D7B7F99D",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley, Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/441/mode/1up","Acanthochoera fusca"],["16989","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melionyx nouhuysi","(van Oort, 1910)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 32 p.215","Short-bearded Honeyeater","Short-bearded Honeyeater","Short-bearded Honeyeater",null,null,"western New Guinea (Mount Wilhelmina in Snow Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704260","shbmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbmel1","avibase-3AD81505",null,null,"Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea.","Description of eight new birds collected by Mr. H. A. Lorentz in Southwestern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/233/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes nouhuysi"],["16990","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melionyx princeps","(Mayr & Gilliard, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1524 p.13","Long-bearded Honeyeater","Long-bearded Honeyeater","Long-bearded Honeyeater",null,null,"alpine grassland of east-central New Guinea",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704264","lobmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobmel1","avibase-957638DE",null,null,"Mt. Wilhelm, Bismarck Range, eastern New Guinea.","New species and subspecies of birds from the highlands of New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3912/","Melidectes princeps"],["16991","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora","De Vis, 1894","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices p.103",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilotis guisei [De Vis, 1894]; type by subsequent designation (Salomonsen, 1967, in Peters, Check-list of Birds of the World, 12, p. 412).   ",null,null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=33","Ptiloprora"],["16992","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora plumbea","(Salvadori, 1895)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.151","Leaden Honeyeater","Leaden Honeyeater","Leaden Honeyeater",null,null,"patchily in montane west-central, central, and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704233","leahon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leahon1","avibase-5B865C89",null,null,"Moroka, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/163/mode/1up","Ptilotis plumbea"],["16993","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora meekiana","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1907)","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.482","Yellowish-streaked Honeyeater","Yellowish-streaked Honeyeater","Yellowish-streaked Honeyeater",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704236","olshon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olshon1","avibase-C1665D2D",null,null,"upper Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. A. S. Meek in the Mountains on the Upper Aroa River, and on the Angabunga River, British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/502/mode/1up","Ptilotis meekiana"],["16994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora meekiana occidentalis","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"central New Guinea (Nassau and Snow mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB050CE4",null,null,"Bele River, 18 km. north of Lake Habbema, Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Ptiloprora meekiana occidentalis"],["16995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora meekiana meekiana","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1907)","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"Herzog Mountains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85446FB6",null,null,"upper Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. A. S. Meek in the Mountains on the Upper Aroa River, and on the Angabunga River, British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/502/mode/1up","Ptilotis meekiana"],["16996","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora guisei","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.103","Rufous-backed Honeyeater","Rufous-backed Honeyeater","Rufous-backed Honeyeater",null,null,"montane eastern New Guinea, from the eastern ranges to the Huon and southeastern peninsulas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704245","rubhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubhon1","avibase-08196575",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=33","Ptilotis (?) guisei"],["16997","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora mayri","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.49","Mayr's Honeyeater","Mayr's Honeyeater","Mayr's Honeyeater",null,null,"montane north-central coastal New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704242","mayhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mayhon1","avibase-44C4C8B5",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/69/mode/1up","Ptiloprora guisei mayri"],["16998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora mayri mayri","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA7D26F4",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/69/mode/1up","Ptiloprora guisei mayri"],["16999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora mayri acrophila","Diamond, 1969","American Museum Novitates no.2362 p.1-57",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Foja and Bewani mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C38029A",null,null,"Mt. Menawa, Bewani Mountains, Sepik district, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, 5200 ft.","Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the North Coastal Range, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2572/","Ptiloprora mayri acrophila"],["17000","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora perstriata","(De Vis, 1898)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1896 to 30th June 1897 with Appendices p.86","Grey-streaked Honeyeater","Gray-streaked Honeyeater","Grey-streaked Honeyeater",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704248","blbhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbhon1","avibase-93334974",null,null,"Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1898No23p41-96.pdf#page=46","Ptilotis perstriata"],["17001","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora erythropleura","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.949","Rufous-sided Honeyeater","Rufous-sided Honeyeater","Rufous-sided Honeyeater",null,null,"montane Bird's Head Peninsula and Bird's Neck (northwestern New Guinea), and west-central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704239","rushon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rushon1","avibase-6A3D1D01",null,null,"Hatam and Profi, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/955/mode/1up","Ptilotis erythropleura"],["17002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora erythropleura erythropleura","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.949",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72E66B52",null,null,"Hatam and Profi, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/955/mode/1up","Ptilotis erythropleura"],["17003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptiloprora erythropleura dammermani","Stresemann & Paludan, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"central mountain ranges of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C8FB245",null,null,"Mt. Sumuri, Weyland Mountains, western New Guinea.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-32. II. Zur Ornithologie des Weyland-Gebirges in Niederländisch-Neuguinea.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0043-0046.pdf#page=2","Ptiloprora erythropleura dammermani"],["17004","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ashbyia","North, 1911","The Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 22 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ephthianura lovensis [Ashby, 1911]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Ashbyia"],["17005","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ashbyia lovensis","(Ashby, 1911)","The Emu 10 p.251","Gibberbird","Gibberbird","Gibberbird",null,null,"east-central Australia (southeastern Northern Territory, northeastern South Australia, southwestern Queensland, and northwestern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704487","descha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/descha1","avibase-A35FBC5E",null,null,"Leigh Creek, South Australia.","Description of a New Ephthianura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84566#page/337/mode/1up","Ephthianura lovensis"],["17006","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Acanthiza albifrons [Jardine & Selby, 1828]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/309/mode/1up","Epthianura"],["17007","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura crocea","Castelnau & Ramsay, 1877","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.4 p.380","Yellow Chat","Yellow Chat","Yellow Chat",null,null,"north-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704481","yelcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelcha1","avibase-AC1DDE03",null,null,"Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia","Notes of a Collection of Birds from the Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/438/mode/1up","Epthianura crocea"],["17008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura crocea tunneyi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (north-central coastal plains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6AC7336",null,null,"lower South Alligator River, fide Storr, 1966, Emu, 66, p. 64.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/366/mode/1up","Epthianura crocea tunneyi"],["17009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura crocea crocea","Castelnau & Ramsay, 1877","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.4 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region to northeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20F73898",null,null,"Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia","Notes of a Collection of Birds from the Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, with descriptions of some new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/438/mode/1up","Epthianura crocea"],["17010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura crocea macgregori","Keast, 1958","Australian Journal of Zoology 6 p.53-68",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Broad Sound, Fitzroy River Delta, and Curtis Island, central Queensland coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87C2808B",null,null,"Fitzroy Vale, central eastern Queensland.",null,null,"E[phthianura] c[rocea] macgregori"],["17011","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura tricolor","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.159","Crimson Chat","Crimson Chat","Crimson Chat",null,null,"western and central Australia (central Western Australia eastward to southwestern Queensland and southward to northwestern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704475","cricha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cricha1","avibase-6A8D3C1E",null,null,"South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/885/mode/1up","Ephthianura tricolor"],["17012","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura albifrons","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.4 pl.56, with text","White-fronted Chat","White-fronted Chat","White-fronted Chat",null,null,"southern Australia (Northwest Cape, Western Australia, to Nambucca Heads, New South Wales, Kangaroo Island, off South Australia, Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands, Bass Strait)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704484","whfcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfcha1","avibase-54C1FDE5",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/11/mode/1up","Acanthiza albifrons"],["17013","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Epthianura aurifrons","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.4","Orange Chat","Orange Chat","Orange Chat",null,null,"western and central Australia (central and southeastern Western Australia eastward to western Queensland and southward to northwestern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704478","oracha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oracha1","avibase-484BD738",null,null,"interior New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/306/mode/1up","Ephthianura aurifrons"],["17014","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Stresemannia","Meise, 1950","Ornithologische Berichte Heidelberg 2 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lichmera bougainvillei [Mayr, 1932]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Stresemannia"],["17015","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Stresemannia bougainvillei","(Mayr, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.516 p.16","Bougainville Honeyeater","Bougainville Honeyeater","Bougainville Honeyeater",null,null,"mountains of Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703937","bouhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bouhon1","avibase-0C7BD256",null,null,"Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 18, Notes on Meliphagidae from Polynesia and the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4102/","Lichmera bougainvillei"],["17016","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ramsayornis","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.5 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gliciphila subfasciata [Ramsay, 1858]; type by original designation = Glyciphila modesta G.R. Gray, 1858  ",null,"New generic names for Australian birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/147/mode/1up","Ramsayornis"],["17017","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ramsayornis fasciatus","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.137","Bar-breasted Honeyeater","Bar-breasted Honeyeater","Bar-breasted Honeyeater",null,null,"northern and northeastern Australia (Kimberley region to Cape York Peninsula southward to Agnes Water, Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704397","babhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babhon1","avibase-0ECD9105",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/289/mode/1up","Glyciphila fasciata"],["17018","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ramsayornis modestus","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.174","Brown-backed Honeyeater","Brown-backed Honeyeater","Brown-backed Honeyeater",null,null,"southern New Guinea, southwestern Torres Strait islands), and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula southward to Sarina, Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704394","brbhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbhon1","avibase-8C34DEDF",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/240/mode/1up","Glyciphila modesta"],["17019","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Conopophila","Reichenbach, 1852","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.9 (Meropinae) p.119",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Entomophila albogularis [Gould, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 24).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/145/mode/1up","Conopophila"],["17020","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Conopophila whitei","(North, 1910)","The Victorian Naturalist 26 p.138","Grey Honeyeater","Gray Honeyeater","Grey Honeyeater",null,null,"western and central Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia, southward to Mount Magnet, eastward to southern Northern Territory)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704409","gryhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryhon1","avibase-DA492C3A",null,null,"Lake Way, East Murchison, Western Australia.","Description of a new genus and species of Honey-eater from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37553#page/158/mode/1up","Lacustroica whitei"],["17021","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Conopophila rufogularis","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.137","Rufous-throated Honeyeater","Rufous-throated Honeyeater","Rufous-throated Honeyeater",null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberly region, northern Western Australia, eastward to western Cape York Peninsula and southward to Rockhampton, Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704406","ruthon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruthon1","avibase-D06D4369",null,null,"north coast of Australia; restricted to Derby, Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, by Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec, 1, p. 49.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/289/mode/1up","Entomophila ? rufogularis"],["17022","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Conopophila albogularis","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.137","Rufous-banded Honeyeater","Rufous-banded Honeyeater","Rufous-banded Honeyeater",null,null,"southern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (northern Northern Territory eastward to Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704403","rubhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubhon2","avibase-F2B72743",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Emended to albigularis.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/289/mode/1up","Entomophila ? albogularis"],["17023","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melilestes","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.950",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilotis megarhynchus [Gray, GR, 1858]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/956/mode/1up","Melilestes"],["17024","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melilestes megarhynchus","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.174","Long-billed Honeyeater","Long-billed Honeyeater","Long-billed Honeyeater",null,null,"New Guinea and western satellites",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703934","lobhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobhon2","avibase-A8B48179",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/240/mode/1up","Ptilotis megarhynchus"],["17025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melilestes megarhynchus vagans","(Bernstein, 1864)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 27 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Batanta and Waigeo Islands (western Papuan islands) and north-central New Guinea including Yapen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CDB1FA8",null,null,"Waigeu Island.","Ueber einen neuen Paradiesvogel und einige andere neue Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48499#page/615/mode/1up","Arachnothera vagans"],["17026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melilestes megarhynchus megarhynchus","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Salawati and Misool Islands (west Papuan islands), western, southern, and eastern New Guinea including Huon Peninsula and Aru Islands (southwestern of New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-560A9ADE",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/240/mode/1up","Ptilotis megarhynchus"],["17027","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Timeliopsis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.963",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Timeliopsis trachycoma [Salvadori, 1876]; type by original designation = Euthyrhynchus griseigula Schlegel, 1871  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/969/mode/1up","Timeliopsis"],["17028","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Timeliopsis griseigula","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.39","Tawny Straightbill","Tawny Straightbill","Tawny Straightbill",null,null,"patchily in New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703931","tawstr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawstr1","avibase-4A044286",null,null,"Sorong (west coast of Vogelkop Peninsula) and west coast of Geelvink Bay, New Guinea; restricted to Sorong by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 190.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/51/mode/1up","Euthyrhynchus griseigula"],["17029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Timeliopsis griseigula griseigula","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Weyland Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2D03787",null,null,"Sorong (west coast of Vogelkop Peninsula) and west coast of Geelvink Bay, New Guinea; restricted to Sorong by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 190.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/51/mode/1up","Euthyrhynchus griseigula"],["17030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Timeliopsis griseigula fulviventris","(Ramsay, 1882)","Nature 25 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFF54CF0",null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea.","Description of a new species of Honey-eater from S. E. Coast of New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90440#page/304/mode/1up","Plectorhyncha (?) fulviventris"],["17031","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Timeliopsis fulvigula","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.40","Olive Straightbill","Olive Straightbill","Olive Straightbill",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703928","olistr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olistr1","avibase-4BAD0A39",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/52/mode/1up","Euthyrhynchus fulvigula"],["17032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Timeliopsis fulvigula fulvigula","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern New Guinea (Arfak Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6450C75D",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/52/mode/1up","Euthyrhynchus fulvigula"],["17033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Timeliopsis fulvigula meyeri","(Salvadori, 1896)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central to eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B25130A5",null,null,"Moroka, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/105/mode/1up","Euthyrhynchus meyeri"],["17034","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Macgregoria","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Macgregoria pulchra [De Vis, 1897]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/305/mode/1up","Macgregoria"],["17035","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Macgregoria pulchra","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.251 pl.7","MacGregor's Honeyeater","Macgregor's Honeyeater","Macgregor's Honeyeater",null,null,"high montane west-central and southeastern New Guinea",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706104","machon3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/machon3","avibase-174776FC",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley, southeastern New Guinea.","Description of a new Bird of Paradise from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/305/mode/1up","Macgregoria pulchra"],["17036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Macgregoria pulchra carolinae","Junge, 1939","Nova Guinea, a journal of botany, zoology, anthropology, ethnography, geology and palaeontology of the Papuan region n.s., 3 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Snow, Jayawijaya, and Star mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CCBD4E7",null,null,"Oranje Mountains (3,800 m.).","The Birds of South New Guinea. Part II. Passeres.",null,"Macgregoria pulchra carolinae"],["17037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Macgregoria pulchra pulchra","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.251 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (high summits of Owen Stanley Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E40F4C3",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley, southeastern New Guinea.","Description of a new Bird of Paradise from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/305/mode/1up","Macgregoria pulchra"],["17038","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.695",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melipotes gymnops [Sclater, PL, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/837/mode/1up","Melipotes"],["17039","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes gymnops","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.695 pl.56","Arfak Honeyeater","Arfak Honeyeater","Arfak Honeyeater",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak, Tamrau, and Wandammen mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704295","arfhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arfhon1","avibase-36762A28",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/837/mode/1up","Melipotes gymnops"],["17040","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes carolae","Beehler, Prawiradilaga, de Fretes & Kemp, 2007","The Auk 124, no.3 p.1000-1009","Wattled Smoky Honeyeater","Foja Honeyeater","Foja Honeyeater",null,null,"Foja Mountains of western New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735330","washon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/washon1","avibase-44C8D624",null,null,"Bog Camp, Sarmi District, Papua Province, Indonesia, elevation 1,650 m, 2°34.5’S, 138°34.9’E, mist netted on 28 November 2005","A New Species of Smoky Honeyeater (Meliphagidae: Melipotes) from Western New Guinea","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/124/3/1000/5562655","Melipotes carolae"],["17041","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes ater","Rothschild & Hartert, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.13","Spangled Honeyeater","Spangled Honeyeater","Spangled Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (montane forest of Huon Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704304","spahon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spahon1","avibase-25F5A3A8",null,null,"Rawlinson Mountains, Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea.","Description of two new species of Honey-eaters from German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/39/mode/1up","Melipotes ater"],["17042","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes fumigatus","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.22 pl.4 fig.1","Common Smoky Honeyeater","Smoky Honeyeater","Smoky Honeyeater",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103688019","smohon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smohon1","avibase-CD8CB4D4",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/30/mode/1up","Melipotes fumigatus"],["17043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes fumigatus kumawa","Diamond, 1985","The Emu 85 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Kumawa Mountains, in northwestern New Guinea (southern Bomberai Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A058737F",null,null,"on the southern watershed of the Kumana Mountains, 1160 m, New Guinea","New distributional records and taxa from the outlying mountain ranges of New Guinea.",null,"Melipotes fumigatus kumawa"],["17044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes fumigatus goliathi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Central Ranges of New Guinea from Weyland Mountains and Nassau Mountains eastward to Bismarck–Kubor Mountains (including Mt, Bosavi) and western Herzog Mountains, also Cyclops Mountains and central North Coastal Range (Bewani Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16B67466",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Oranje Mountains, southern New Guinea.","Description of a new species and subspecies of birds from Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/62/mode/1up","Melipotes gymnops goliathi"],["17045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melipotes fumigatus fumigatus","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.22 pl.4 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Herzog Mountains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE75D7CE",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/30/mode/1up","Melipotes fumigatus"],["17046","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.326",null,null,null,"2025-0979","Monotypic taxa <em>undulata </em>and <em>notabilis </em>are placed in the genus <em>Gliciphila </em>based on genetics. Sometimes separated in the genus <em>Glycifohia</em>, multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014b; Marki et al. 2017) indicate that the genus may not be monophyletic. Biogeographic distributions are also more consistent with treatment of the three species (including <em>G. melanops</em>) within the genus <em>Gliciphila</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia fulvifrons [Lewin, 1808]; type by monotypy = Certhia melanops Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/350/mode/1up","Gliciphila"],["17047","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila undulata","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 pl.34","Barred Honeyeater","Barred Honeyeater","Barred Honeyeater",null,null,"montane forest of New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704378","barhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barhon2","avibase-304DE3C6",null,null,"no locality [= New Caledonia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/47/mode/1up","Certhia undulata"],["17048","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila melanops","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxvi","Tawny-crowned Honeyeater","Tawny-crowned Honeyeater","Tawny-crowned Honeyeater",null,null,"southern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704388","tachon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tachon1","avibase-AD945C6E",null,null,"Nova Wallia Australi [= New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/42/mode/1up","Certhia melanops"],["17049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila melanops melanops","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxvi",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Australia (Broadwater, northeastern New South Wales to Wilson's Promontory, western Victoria to Eyre Peninsula, eastern Tasmania, Kalbarri to Nuytsland, southwestern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24568051",null,null,"Nova Wallia Australi [= New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/42/mode/1up","Certhia melanops"],["17050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila melanops chelidonia","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37EA8ECE",null,null,"Brooks Creek, west coast, Tas. [=Tasmania]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Gliciphila melanops chelidonia"],["17051","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila notabilis","Sharpe, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.29","White-bellied Honeyeater","Vanuatu Honeyeater","Vanuatu Honeyeater",null,null,"northern and central Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704385","nehhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nehhon1","avibase-40123D94",null,null,"Vanua Lava, Banks Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/61/mode/1up","Glyciphila notabilis"],["17052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila notabilis notabilis","Sharpe, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Vanuatu, including Banks Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1B99D7C",null,null,"Vanua Lava, Banks Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/61/mode/1up","Glyciphila notabilis"],["17053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gliciphila notabilis superciliaris","(Mayr, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.516 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Espiritu Santo to Epi (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5BAC5E0",null,null,"Epi Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 18, Notes on Meliphagidae from Polynesia and the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4102/","Guadalcanaria notabilis superciliaris"],["17054","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Prosthemadera","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Merops cincinnatus [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation = Merops novaeseelandiae J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/29/mode/1up","Prosthemadera"],["17055","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.464","Tui","Tui","Tui",null,null,"North, South, Stewart, Kermadec, Chatham, and Auckland islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704472","tui1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tui1","avibase-0A0D3BB9",null,null,"Nova Seelandia [= Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/476/mode/1up","Merops novaeSeelandiae"],["17056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"New Zealand including Stewart, Auckland, and Kermadec Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3982F25",null,null,"Nova Seelandia [= Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/476/mode/1up","Merops novaeSeelandiae"],["17057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae chathamensis","Hartert, 1928","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Chatham Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19070271",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. C. Additional and overlooked types.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/252/mode/1up","Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae chathamensis"],["17058","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthornis","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia melanura [Sparrman, 1786]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/29/mode/1up","Anthornis"],["17059","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthornis melanocephala","Gray, 1843","Travels in New Zealand; with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country 2 p.188","Chatham Islands Bellbird","Chatham Islands Bellbird","Chatham Islands Bellbird",null,null,"formerly Chatham Islands; extinct ca. 1906","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728814","chibel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chibel1","avibase-9AA8B692",null,null,"Chatham Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67828#page/202/mode/1up","Anthornis melanocephala"],["17060","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthornis melanura","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.vFALSE","New Zealand Bellbird","New Zealand Bellbird","New Zealand Bellbird",null,null,"North, South, and Stewart islands and satellite islands, and Auckland Islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704447","nezbel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezbel1","avibase-73A0AA07",null,null,"Promontorium Bonae Spei [error = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/33/mode/1up","Certhia melanura"],["17061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthornis melanura melanura","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.vFALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"New Zealand (North, South, and Stewart islands) and the Auckland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B31C4E2C",null,null,"Promontorium Bonae Spei [error = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/33/mode/1up","Certhia melanura"],["17062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthornis melanura obscura","Falla, 1948","Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 3 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"Three Kings Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF08574E",null,null,"Three Kings Islands, New Zealand.","A new Anthornis from the Three Kings Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/289985#page/475/mode/1up","Anthornis melanura obscura"],["17063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthornis melanura oneho","Bartle & Sagar, 1987","Notornis 34, no.4 p.253-306",null,null,null,null,null,"Poor Knights Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97F8E09D",null,null,"50m a.s.l. Aorangi Island, Poor Knights Islands","Intraspecific variation in the New Zealand Bellbird Anthornis melanura.","https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/intraspecific-variation-in-the-new-zealand-bellbird-anthornis-melanura-2/","Anthornis melanura oneho"],["17064","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Certhionyx","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhionyx variegatus [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/344/mode/1up","Certhionyx"],["17065","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Certhionyx variegatus","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.306","Pied Honeyeater","Pied Honeyeater","Pied Honeyeater",null,null,"western and central Australia (central Western Australia to southwestern Queensland and northwestern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703925","piehon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piehon1","avibase-D6C393EC",null,null,"Timor [error for Western Australia, cf . Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/344/mode/1up","Certhionyx variegatus"],["17066","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola","Sangster, Marki, Gaudin et al., 2023","Zootaxa 5330, no.1 p.147.150",null,null,null,"2026-082","Pycnopygius cinereus and <em>P. ixoides</em> are here placed in the new genus <em>Pinarostola</em> (Sangster et al. 2023b) based on genetic evidence. Both mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Marki et al. 2017) and genomic data (Andersen et al. 2019) show that <em>Pycnopygius</em> is not a monophyletic assemblage with the newly described genus <em>Pinarostola</em> aligned instead with a clade comprising <em>Certhionyx</em>, <em>Prosthemadera</em> and <em>Anthornis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilotis cinerea [Sclater, PL, 1874]",null,"A new genus for Pycnopygius cinereus/P.ixoides (Aves: Meliphagidae)","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/800638/Sangster-2023-A-new-genus-for-Pycnopygius-A.pdf","Pinarostola"],["17067","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola cinerea","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.693","Marbled Honeyeater","Marbled Honeyeater","Marbled Honeyeater","2026-082","Pycnopygius cinereus and <em>P. ixoides</em> are here placed in the new genus <em>Pinarostola</em> (Sangster et al. 2023b) based on genetic evidence. Both mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Marki et al. 2017) and genomic data (Andersen et al. 2019) show that <em>Pycnopygius</em> is not a monophyletic assemblage with the newly described genus <em>Pinarostola</em> aligned instead with a clade comprising <em>Certhionyx</em>, <em>Prosthemadera</em> and <em>Anthornis</em>.","montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704164","marhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marhon1","avibase-86C258A6",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/835/mode/1up","Ptilotis cinerea"],["17068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola cinerea cinerea","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.693",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3284835E",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/835/mode/1up","Ptilotis cinerea"],["17069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola cinerea marmorata","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.319,438",null,null,null,null,null,"Central Ranges of New Guinea eastward from Weyland Mountains, also Adelbert Mountains and mountains of Huon Peninsula (including Herzog Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A07247F5",null,null,"Moroka district, Astrolabe Mountains, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/333/mode/1up","Ptilotis marmorata"],["17070","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola ixoides","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.338","Plain Honeyeater","Plain Honeyeater","Plain Honeyeater","2026-082","Pycnopygius cinereus and <em>P. ixoides</em> are here placed in the new genus <em>Pinarostola</em> (Sangster et al. 2023b) based on genetic evidence. Both mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Marki et al. 2017) and genomic data (Andersen et al. 2019) show that <em>Pycnopygius</em> is not a monophyletic assemblage with the newly described genus <em>Pinarostola</em> aligned instead with a clade comprising <em>Certhionyx</em>, <em>Prosthemadera</em> and <em>Anthornis</em>.","New Guinea (except Trans-Fly region of south-central)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704161","plahon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plahon1","avibase-8B89A812",null,null,"Sorong, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/352/mode/1up","Ptilotis ? ixoides"],["17071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola ixoides ixoides","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern to south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-090673FC",null,null,"Sorong, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/352/mode/1up","Ptilotis ? ixoides"],["17072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola ixoides proximus","(Madarász, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D59533E1",null,null,"Erima, Astrolabe Bay, northeastern New Guinea.","Über einige neue und seltene Vögel von Neuguinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/21/mode/1up","Ptilotis proxima"],["17073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola ixoides unicus","(Mayr, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.666",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guine (Huon Peninsula and slopes of Herzog Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5FB1088",null,null,"Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula, NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Pycnopygius ixoides unicus"],["17074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pinarostola ixoides finschi","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.3 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea on northern watershed of ranges from Kumusi River eastward to Milne Bay and on southern watershed east of Port Moresby (usually absent from southern coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2EF820C",null,null,"'Mountains of British New Guinea. Weiske coll.' [= ? Aroa River] .","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Page 231).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/484/mode/1up","Ptilotis finschi"],["17075","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Sugomel","Mathews, 1922","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 5, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Myzomela nigra ashbyi [Mathews, 1912]; type by original designation = Myzomela nigra Gould, 1838",null,"Additions and corrections (to the Check List).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111060#page/9/mode/1up","Sugomel"],["17076","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Sugomel nigrum","(Gould, 1838)","The birds of Australia and the adjacent islands pt.2 pl.8","Black Honeyeater","Black Honeyeater","Black Honeyeater","2025-N038","<em>Sugomel niger</em> has also been used. According to ICZN Code Article 30.1.3, \"…a genus-group name that is or ends in a Latin word takes the gender given for that word in standard Latin dictionaries.\" \"Mel\" is a neuter nominative singular Latin noun, meaning \"honey\". It is inconsequential that Mathews (in 1924) applied a masculine species name to a genus established by Mathews (in 1922). The correct gender needs to be established in the original publication. Hence Article 30.1.1 applies, and <em>Sugomel </em>must be neuter.","western and central Australia (central Western Australia eastward to southwestern Queensland and northwestern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703919","blahon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blahon1","avibase-772E19B8",null,null,"New South Wales.","D:\\birds\\manuscripts\\1838\\Gould Birds Austr. Adj. Isl. Pt.2 nla.obj-185956948.pdf","https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-185956948/view?partId=nla.obj-186012564#page/n32/mode/1up","Myzomela nigra"],["17077","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melitograis","Sundevall, 1872","Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Melitograis striata [Sundevall, 1872]; type by monotypy = Tropidorhynchus gilolensis Bonaparte, 1850  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214645#page/132/mode/1up","Melitograis"],["17078","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melitograis gilolensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.390","White-streaked Friarbird","White-streaked Friarbird","White-streaked Friarbird",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Kasiruta, and Bacan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704170","whsfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsfri1","avibase-16F618F3",null,null,"Gilolo [= Halmahera] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/606/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus gilolensis"],["17079","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Vosea","Gilliard, 1960","American Museum Novitates no.2001 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F?","Vosea whitemanensis [Gilliard]; type by original designation",null,"Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain Expedition. 1, A new genus of honeyeater (Aves).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3550","Vosea"],["17080","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Vosea whitemanensis","Gilliard, 1960","American Museum Novitates no.2001 p.2","Gilliard's Honeyeater","Bismarck Honeyeater","Bismarck Honeyeater",null,null,"mountains of central New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704256","bismel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bismel1","avibase-2C4F7BFE",null,null,"Wild Dog Range, Whiteman Mountains, central New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago.  December 22, 1958; collectors, E. Thomas and Margaret Gilliard.","Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain Expedition. 1, A new genus of honeyeater (Aves).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3550/","Vosea whitemanensis"],["17081","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Meliphaga cardinalis [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by original designation = Certhia sanguinolenta Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/327/mode/1up","Myzomela"],["17082","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rosenbergii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.38","Red-collared Myzomela","Red-collared Myzomela","Red-collared Myzomela","2025-0975","Taxon <em>longirostris </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela rosenbergii</em> based on differences in female plumage, size (especially bill length), and biogeographic considerations. Genetic and bioacoustic data would be informative.","mountains of northwestern to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103687293","recmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recmyz1","avibase-75B19C28",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/50/mode/1up","Myzomela Rosenbergii"],["17083","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela longirostris","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.12","Long-billed Myzomela","Long-billed Myzomela","Long-billed Myzomela","2025-0975","Taxon <em>longirostris </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela rosenbergii</em> based on differences in female plumage, size (especially bill length), and biogeographic considerations. Genetic and bioacoustic data would be informative.","Goodenough, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103687306","recmyz3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recmyz3","avibase-5F44043D",null,null,"Goodenough Island,  D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago; November 23, 1928; Hannibal Hamlin","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Myzomela rosenbergi longirostris"],["17084","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cineracea","Sclater, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.448 pl.37 fig.1","Ashy Myzomela","Ashy Myzomela","Ashy Myzomela",null,null,"New Britain and Umboi Island (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686550","ashmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashmyz1","avibase-E98DDFE9",null,null,"New Britain.","On a Fourth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and in its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/198/mode/1up","Myzomela cineracea"],["17085","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eques","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 11 p.386","Ruby-throated Myzomela","Ruby-throated Myzomela","Ruby-throated Myzomela",null,null,"New Guinea including Raja Ampat Islands (northwest of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686493","retmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retmyz1","avibase-AE5588B1",null,null,"Waigeu Island and Dorei, northwestern New Guinea; restricted to Waigeu by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 193.","236. Nouvelle espèce de Souï-Manga. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/846/mode/1up","Cinnyris eques"],["17086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eques eques","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 11 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Waigeo, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECCA1821",null,null,"Waigeu Island and Dorei, northwestern New Guinea; restricted to Waigeu by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 193.","236. Nouvelle espèce de Souï-Manga. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/846/mode/1up","Cinnyris eques"],["17087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eques primitiva","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF2FAD9F",null,null,"middle Sepik River, northern New Guinea.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. I. Die Vögel von Waigeu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/163/mode/1up","Myzomela eques primitiva"],["17088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eques nymani","Rothschild & Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.2 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1835CEE8",null,null,"Simbang, Huon Gulf, northeastern New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Page 116).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/241/mode/1up","Myzomela eques nymani"],["17089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eques karimuiensis","Diamond, 1967","American Museum Novitates no.2284 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50E90125",null,null,"Karimui, Eastern Highlands District, Mandated Terr. of New Guinea, 3650 feet","New subspecies and records of birds from the Karimui Basin, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3080/","Myzomela eques karimuiensis"],["17090","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela albigula","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.20","White-chinned Myzomela","White-chinned Myzomela","White-chinned Myzomela",null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703813","whcmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcmyz1","avibase-04AEB6A1",null,null,"Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","[Description of three new species of birds from the Louisiade Archipelago].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/540/mode/1up","Myzomela albigula"],["17091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela albigula pallidior","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Bonvouloir, Deboyne, and Conflict, but apparently not Misima (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F70183B2",null,null,"St. Aignan [= Misima] Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","[Description of three new species of birds from the Louisiade Archipelago].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/541/mode/1up","Myzomela pallidior"],["17092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela albigula albigula","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8D90F65",null,null,"Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","[Description of three new species of birds from the Louisiade Archipelago].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/540/mode/1up","Myzomela albigula"],["17093","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela obscura","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.136","Dusky Myzomela","Dusky Myzomela","Dusky Myzomela","2025-0969","The <em>Myzomela obscura sensu lato </em>complex is treated as four species based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: <em>M. obscura </em>(polytypic); <em>M. simplex </em>(polytypic); <em>M. rubrotincta </em>(monotypic); and <em>M. rubrobrunnea </em>(monotypic). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Marki et al. 2017) indicate that <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>is paraphyletic, with <em>rubrotincta </em>recovered as a deeply divergent lineage from Australian <em>obscura</em>. Subsequent re-evaluation of plumage and vocal differences suggests that the other reddish-tinted members of the <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>complex, <em>simplex </em>and <em>rubrobrunnea</em>, also warrant separation as species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive morphological, bioacoustic, and genetic review is needed to confirm proposed species limits in this complex.","southern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686571","dusmyz5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusmyz5","avibase-94C17280",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/288/mode/1up","Myzomela obscura"],["17094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela obscura fumata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8456E6BC",null,null,"New Guinea [= Utanata River, southwestern New Guinea, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 192].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/610/mode/1up","Ptilotis fumata"],["17095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela obscura harterti","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Torres Strait islands, eastern Queensland southward to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AAC577B",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","Descriptions of six new species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/128/mode/1up","Myzomela obscura harterti"],["17096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela obscura obscura","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (northern Northern Territory, including Tiwi islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-354DDE2E",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/288/mode/1up","Myzomela obscura"],["17097","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela blasii","(Salvadori, 1882)","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 3 p.543,566","Drab Myzomela","Seram Myzomela","Drab Myzomela",null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, and Boano)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703810","sermyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sermyz1","avibase-5D40476F",null,null,"Ambon Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219687#page/563/mode/1up","Stigmatops blasii"],["17098","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubrobrunnea","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70 p.203","Biak Myzomela","Biak Myzomela","Red-brown Myzomela","2025-0969","The <em>Myzomela obscura sensu lato </em>complex is treated as four species based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: <em>M. obscura </em>(polytypic); <em>M. simplex </em>(polytypic); <em>M. rubrotincta </em>(monotypic); and <em>M. rubrobrunnea </em>(monotypic). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Marki et al. 2017) indicate that <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>is paraphyletic, with <em>rubrotincta </em>recovered as a deeply divergent lineage from Australian <em>obscura</em>. Subsequent re-evaluation of plumage and vocal differences suggests that the other reddish-tinted members of the <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>complex, <em>simplex </em>and <em>rubrobrunnea</em>, also warrant separation as species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive morphological, bioacoustic, and genetic review is needed to confirm proposed species limits in this complex.","Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686589","dusmyz2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusmyz2","avibase-5E3027B3",null,null,"Mysore [= Biak] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/221/mode/1up","Myzomela rubrobrunnea"],["17099","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubrotincta","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.334","Red-tinged Myzomela","Red-tinged Myzomela","Obi Myzomela","2025-0969","The <em>Myzomela obscura sensu lato </em>complex is treated as four species based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: <em>M. obscura </em>(polytypic); <em>M. simplex </em>(polytypic); <em>M. rubrotincta </em>(monotypic); and <em>M. rubrobrunnea </em>(monotypic). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Marki et al. 2017) indicate that <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>is paraphyletic, with <em>rubrotincta </em>recovered as a deeply divergent lineage from Australian <em>obscura</em>. Subsequent re-evaluation of plumage and vocal differences suggests that the other reddish-tinted members of the <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>complex, <em>simplex </em>and <em>rubrobrunnea</em>, also warrant separation as species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive morphological, bioacoustic, and genetic review is needed to confirm proposed species limits in this complex.","northern Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686620","dusmyz3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusmyz3","avibase-F1708B0F",null,null,"Obi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/348/mode/1up","Myzomela rubrotincta"],["17100","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela simplex","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.349","Moluccan Myzomela","Moluccan Myzomela","Moluccan Myzomela","2025-0969","The <em>Myzomela obscura sensu lato </em>complex is treated as four species based on a combination of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations: <em>M. obscura </em>(polytypic); <em>M. simplex </em>(polytypic); <em>M. rubrotincta </em>(monotypic); and <em>M. rubrobrunnea </em>(monotypic). Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Marki et al. 2017) indicate that <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>is paraphyletic, with <em>rubrotincta </em>recovered as a deeply divergent lineage from Australian <em>obscura</em>. Subsequent re-evaluation of plumage and vocal differences suggests that the other reddish-tinted members of the <em>M. obscura sensu lato </em>complex, <em>simplex </em>and <em>rubrobrunnea</em>, also warrant separation as species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive morphological, bioacoustic, and genetic review is needed to confirm proposed species limits in this complex.","lowland and foothill primary forest on Halmahera and nearby northern Moluccas (Indonesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686603","dusmyz4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusmyz4","avibase-9A3DA80E",null,null,"Batjan Island.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/447/mode/1up","Myzomela simplex"],["17101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela simplex mortyana","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D95AD142",null,null,"Morty (=Morotai) Island.","The Birds of Batjan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/72/mode/1up","Myzomela simplex mortyana"],["17102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela simplex simplex","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Damar, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4286EF68",null,null,"Batjan Island.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/447/mode/1up","Myzomela simplex"],["17103","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cruentata","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.202","Red Myzomela","Red Myzomela","Red Myzomela","2025-0970","Taxon <em>erythrina </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela cruentata</em> based on differences in plumage and ecology. However, detailed bioacoustic and genetic studies are needed to confirm species limits in this complex.","New Guinea including Yapen and New Britain and Duke of York (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686661","redmyz2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redmyz2","avibase-C91CA2B0",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/220/mode/1up","Myzomela cruentata"],["17104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cruentata cruentata","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBAFBA8D",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/220/mode/1up","Myzomela cruentata"],["17105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cruentata coccinea","Ramsay, 1877","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and Duke of York (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527E058E",null,null,"Duke of York Islands, Bismarck Archipelago.","Description of some new species of Birds from New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York Island, and the South-East coast of New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/120/mode/1up","Myzomela coccinea"],["17106","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrina","Ramsay, 1877","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.1 p.107","Reddish Myzomela","Reddish Myzomela","Reddish Myzomela","2025-0970","Taxon <em>erythrina </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela cruentata</em> based on differences in plumage and ecology. However, detailed bioacoustic and genetic studies are needed to confirm species limits in this complex.","New Hanover and New Ireland and associated islets in the northeastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686707","redmyz3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redmyz3","avibase-67493A7E",null,null,"New Ireland.","Description of some new species of Birds from New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York Island, and the South-East coast of New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/121/mode/1up","Myzomela erythina"],["17107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrina erythrina","Ramsay, 1877","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38616ED4",null,null,"New Ireland.","Description of some new species of Birds from New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York Island, and the South-East coast of New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/121/mode/1up","Myzomela erythina"],["17108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrina lavongai","Salomonsen, 1966","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 60 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3A8F658",null,null,"New Hanover.","Myzomela cruentata Meyer (Aves, Meliphagidae) in the Bismarck Archipelago.","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1155/download/doft-60-1966-118-122-myzomela-cruentata-meyer-aves-meliphagidae-in-the-bismarck-archipelago","Myzomela cruentata lavongai"],["17109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrina cantans","Mayr, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Tabar Island (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B109D6C9",null,null,"Tabar Island.","Notes on the birds of northern Melanesia. 3, Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Myzomela cruentata cantans"],["17110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrina vinacea","Salomonsen, 1966","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 60 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Dyaul Island (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75DD1FA3",null,null,"Dyaul Island.","Myzomela cruentata Meyer (Aves, Meliphagidae) in the Bismarck Archipelago.","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1155/download/doft-60-1966-118-122-myzomela-cruentata-meyer-aves-meliphagidae-in-the-bismarck-archipelago","Myzomela cruentata vinacea"],["17111","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythromelas","Salvadori, 1881","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 16 p.624","Black-bellied Myzomela","Black-bellied Myzomela","Black-bellied Myzomela",null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703902","blbmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbmyz1","avibase-A47273BD",null,null,"New Britain.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=Se5SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA624","Myzomela erythromelas"],["17112","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela nigrita","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.173","Papuan Black Myzomela","Papuan Black Myzomela","Papuan Black Myzomela",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703827","blamyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blamyz1","avibase-F862BDE9",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/239/mode/1up","Myzomela nigrita"],["17113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela nigrita steini","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CBB5A6D",null,null,"Waigeu Island.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-1932. I. Zur Ornithologie der Insel Waigeu.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0013-0018.pdf#page=2","Myzomela nigrita steini"],["17114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela nigrita nigrita","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Yapen and Aru islands, and Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-677B9D30",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/239/mode/1up","Myzomela nigrita"],["17115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela nigrita pluto","Forbes, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Mios Num (near Yapen, Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C9E2C41",null,null,"Jobi [= Japen] and Meos Num Islands ; restricted to Meos Num by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 194.","A synopsis of the Meliphagine Genus Myzomela, with Descriptions of two new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/356/mode/1up","Myzomela pluto"],["17116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela nigrita forbesi","Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.4, pt.4 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-718B49EA",null,null,"'Woodlark Island [error for Fergusson Island] .","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Part VI. On some new and rare Birds, from South East Coast of New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30154#page/533/mode/1up","Myzomela forbesi"],["17117","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela kuehni","Rothschild, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.42","Wetar Myzomela","Wetar Myzomela","Wetar Myzomela",null,null,"Wetar (Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703838","crhmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crhmyz1","avibase-3BFB057A",null,null,"Wetter Island.","Descriptions of two new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/414/mode/1up","Myzomela kuehni"],["17118","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela prawiradilagae","Irham, Ashari, Suparno et al., 2019","Journal für Ornithologie doi.org 10.1007/s10336-019-01722-2","Alor Myzomela","Alor Myzomela","Alor Myzomela",null,null,"Alor (Lesser Sundas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216552510","alomyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alomyz1","avibase-D3CD36A4",null,null,"at S8° 17' 51.9\" E124° 43' 56.0\", at 1270 m above sea level in the vicinity of the hamlet of Manmas, south Alor district, Alor Island, province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia","A new Myzomela honeyeater (Meliphagidae) from the highlands of Alor Island, Indonesia.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336278324","Myzomela prawiradilagae"],["17119","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrocephala","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144","Red-headed Myzomela","Red-headed Myzomela","Red-headed Myzomela",null,null,"coastal southern New Guinea and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703845","rehmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehmyz1","avibase-CEE16E70",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia [=West Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, cf. Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112].","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Myzomela erythrocephala"],["17120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrocephala erythrocephala","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape Melville, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland), and islands of central and southern Torres Strait",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-844B3791",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia [=West Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, cf. Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112].","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Myzomela erythrocephala"],["17121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela erythrocephala infuscata","Forbes, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17558520",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A synopsis of the Meliphagine Genus Myzomela, with Descriptions of two new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/353/mode/1up","Myzomela infuscata"],["17122","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela dammermani","Siebers, 1928","Treubia 10, no.2-3 p.403","Sumba Myzomela","Sumba Myzomela",null,null,null,"mangroves of Sumba (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"summyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/summyz1","avibase-05676767",null,null,"Sumba Island.","Neue Vögel von Sumba.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v10i2-3.1812","Myzomela erythrocephala dammermani"],["17123","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela vulnerata","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt7or8 p.172 pl.10 fig.3,4","Black-breasted Myzomela","Black-breasted Myzomela","Black-breasted Myzomela",null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703906","bkbmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbmyz1","avibase-B14D404B",null,null,"Timor Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/188/mode/1up","Nectarinia (Myzomela) vulnerata"],["17124","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela irianawidodoae","Prawiradilaga, Baveja, Suparno et al., 2017","Treubia 44 p.85 [77-100]","Rote Myzomela","Rote Myzomela",null,"2025-0971","<em>Myzomela irianawidodoae</em> is recognized as a distinct species based on Prawiradilaga et al. (2017). Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>M. dammermani,</em> but differs in vocalizations and plumage at a level considered consistent with other species in this complex. Nevertheless, a comprehensive genetic review of the red-headed <em>Myzomela </em>complex is needed to substantiate this split.","Rote (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"rotmyz2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rotmyz2","avibase-50976CA4",null,null,"Seda Forest in kecamatan (=district) Rote Selatan (=South Rote), kabupaten (=regency) of Rote Ndao, on Rote Island, in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia. Coordinates: 10°47’ 12” S; 123° 12’ 02” E. on 30th November 2015 by Hidayat Ashari","A Colourful New Species of Myzomela Honeyeater from Rote Island in Eastern Indonesia"," https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v44i0.3414 ","Myzomela irianawidodoae"],["17125","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela sanguinolenta","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxvii","Scarlet Myzomela","Scarlet Myzomela","Scarlet Myzomela",null,null,"eastern Australia (southeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to eastern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703858","scamyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scamyz1","avibase-F3E41C51",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/43/mode/1up","Certhia sanguinolenta"],["17126","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela adolphinae","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.946","Mountain Myzomela","Elfin Myzomela","Mountain Myzomela",null,null,"patchily distributed mountains of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703834","moumyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moumyz1","avibase-D3DF1777",null,null,"Mori 3600 ft., Profi 3400 ft., Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/952/mode/1up","Myzomela adolphinae"],["17127","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela boiei","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt7or8 p.172 pl.10 fig.1,2","Banda Islands Myzomela","Banda Islands Myzomela",null,"2026-049","Myzomela babarensis is recognized as a species new to science, and <em>M. annabellae</em> is treated as a species distinct from <em>M. boiei</em> in accord with Berryman et al. (2025a). Formerly treated together as a single species (<em>M. boiei</em>), Berryman et al. (2025a) identified marked vocal differences between <em>M. b. boiei</em> and <em>M. b. annabellae</em>, as well as between populations formerly included in <em>M. b. annabellae</em> from Babar Island and the Tanimbar Islands, necessitating the description of a new taxon from Babar. Vocal evidence for three species is supported by behavioral responses to playback experiments (albeit with small numbers for some comparisons), morphology, and modest plumage differences.","Banda Islands (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"banmyz2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banmyz2","avibase-736A8BF6",null,null,"Banda Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/212259#page/980/mode/1up","Nectarinia (Myzomela) Boiei"],["17128","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela annabellae","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.56","Tanimbar Myzomela","Tanimbar Myzomela",null,"2026-049","Myzomela babarensis is recognized as a species new to science, and <em>M. annabellae</em> is treated as a species distinct from <em>M. boiei</em> in accord with Berryman et al. (2025a). Formerly treated together as a single species (<em>M. boiei</em>), Berryman et al. (2025a) identified marked vocal differences between <em>M. b. boiei</em> and <em>M. b. annabellae</em>, as well as between populations formerly included in <em>M. b. annabellae</em> from Babar Island and the Tanimbar Islands, necessitating the description of a new taxon from Babar. Vocal evidence for three species is supported by behavioral responses to playback experiments (albeit with small numbers for some comparisons), morphology, and modest plumage differences.","Yamdena and Selaru, Tanimbar Islands (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"banmyz3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banmyz3","avibase-249E6304",null,null,"Loetoe, Timorlaut, Tenimber Islands [=Tanimbar].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/110/mode/1up","Myzomela annabellae"],["17129","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela babarensis","Berryman, Spencer, Sharma & Eaton, 2025","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 145, no.1 p.35-48","Babar Myzomela","Babar Myzomela",null,"2026-049","Myzomela babarensis is recognized as a species new to science, and <em>M. annabellae</em> is treated as a species distinct from <em>M. boiei</em> in accord with Berryman et al. (2025a). Formerly treated together as a single species (<em>M. boiei</em>), Berryman et al. (2025a) identified marked vocal differences between <em>M. b. boiei</em> and <em>M. b. annabellae</em>, as well as between populations formerly included in <em>M. b. annabellae</em> from Babar Island and the Tanimbar Islands, necessitating the description of a new taxon from Babar. Vocal evidence for three species is supported by behavioral responses to playback experiments (albeit with small numbers for some comparisons), morphology, and modest plumage differences.","Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"banmyz4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banmyz4","avibase-44F179A2",null,null,"Tepa, Babber [Babar] (07°52'06.3\"S, 129°35'43.7\"E), Indonesia; 24 August 1905 by Heinrich Kühn","A taxonomic revision of Banda Myzomela Myzomela boiei (S. Müller 1843), including the description of a new species from Babar Island, Indonesia","https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v145i1.2025.a4","Myzomela babarensis"],["17130","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela chloroptera","Walden, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.53 p.399","Sulawesi Myzomela","Sulawesi Myzomela","Sulawesi Myzomela","2025-0973","Taxon <em>batjanensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela chloroptera</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021), supported by biogeographic considerations. Nevertheless, a detailed genetic review of this complex is needed.","mountains of Sulawesi and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686853","sulmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulmyz1","avibase-C319AD43",null,null,"Menado, northern Celebes.","XLII. On some supposed new Species of Birds from Celebes and the Togian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/413/mode/1up","Myzomela chloroptera"],["17131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela chloroptera chloroptera","Walden, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.53 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northern, central, and southeastern Sulawesi and Peleng (Banggai Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F64E022",null,null,"Menado, northern Celebes.","XLII. On some supposed new Species of Birds from Celebes and the Togian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/413/mode/1up","Myzomela chloroptera"],["17132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela chloroptera juga","Riley, 1921","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Lompobattang (southwestern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B4F0528",null,null,"Indrulaman, Lompo Batang, southwestern Celebes.","Four new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/78/mode/1up","Myzomela chloroptera juga"],["17133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela chloroptera eva","Meise, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.3 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"Salayar and Tanahjampea (southeast of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-375264B8",null,null,"Djampea Island.","Die Vögel von Djampea und benachbarten Inseln nach einer Sammlung Baron Plessens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917266","Myzomela chloroptera eva"],["17134","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela wakoloensis","Forbes, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.116","Wakolo Myzomela","Wakolo Myzomela","Wakolo Myzomela",null,null,"montane Buru and Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703852","wakmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wakmyz1","avibase-F2E93F72",null,null,"Lake Wakolo, Burn Island.","On a Species of Myzomela from the Island of Boeroe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/190/mode/1up","Myzomela wakoloensis"],["17135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela wakoloensis wakoloensis","Forbes, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FA94699",null,null,"Lake Wakolo, Burn Island.","On a Species of Myzomela from the Island of Boeroe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/190/mode/1up","Myzomela wakoloensis"],["17136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela wakoloensis elisabethae","van Oort, 1911","Notes from the Leyden Museum 34 p.b3",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2E3EC13",null,null,"Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47509#page/77/mode/1up","Myzomela elisabethae"],["17137","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela batjanensis","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.56","Bacan Myzomela","Bacan Myzomela","Bacan Myzomela","2025-0973","Taxon <em>batjanensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela chloroptera</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021), supported by biogeographic considerations. Nevertheless, a detailed genetic review of this complex is needed.","Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686945","sulmyz3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulmyz3","avibase-DA741383",null,null,"Batjan Island, 5000-7000 ft.","The Birds of Batjan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/72/mode/1up","Myzomela batjanensis"],["17138","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela wahe","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 25-33 [p. 26]","Taliabu Myzomela","Taliabu Myzomela",null,"2025-0972","The newly described taxon <em>Myzomela wahe</em> is recognized as a distinct species based on differences in plumage, ecology, and mitochondrial DNA (Rheindt et al. 2020). Nevertheless, a more detailed genetic review is needed to substantiate this split.","Taliabu Island (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,"talmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/talmyz1","avibase-ED10A266",null,null,"9 Dec 2013 near Waiyo dinahana Camp (~1200m) on Taliabu Island (S 01° 47.614'; E 124° 48.216').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Myzomela wahe"],["17139","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela caledonica","Forbes, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.260","New Caledonian Myzomela","New Caledonian Myzomela","New Caledonian Myzomela",null,null,"mangroves and forest of New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703862","necmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necmyz1","avibase-E1E72499",null,null,"Near Noumea, New Caledonia.","A synopsis of the Meliphagine Genus Myzomela, with Descriptions of two new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/350/mode/1up","Myzomela caledonica"],["17140","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.472","Cardinal Myzomela","Cardinal Myzomela",null,"2025-0974","Taxon <em>nigriventris </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela cardinalis</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations following Pratt &amp; Mittermeier (2016). Genetic data would be informative.","Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia), Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu",null,null,null,"carmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carmyz1","avibase-6E4B550C",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides. Based on Cardinal Creeper Latham, 1782, Gen. Synop. Birds, 1 (2), p. 733 and pl. 33, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/484/mode/1up","Certhia Cardinalis"],["17141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis pulcherrima","Ramsay, 1881","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.2 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira and Ugi (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A07ACE1",null,null,"Ugi Island, Solomon Islands.","Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands. - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/189/mode/1up","Myzomela pulcherrima"],["17142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis sanfordi","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E737E6E",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Myzomela cardinalis sanfordi"],["17143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis sanctaecrucis","Sarasin, 1913","Nova Caledonia. Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. Recherches scientifiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie et aux iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie 1 Heft1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands) and Torres Islands (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9719CC78",null,null,"Santa Cruz Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29836#page/91/mode/1up","Myzomela rubratra sanctaecrucis"],["17144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis tucopiae","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.912 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Tikopia Island (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65684E29",null,null,"Tucopia [= Tikopia] Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 32, On a collection from Tanna, New Hebrides.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3847/","Myzomela cardinalis tucopiae"],["17145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis tenuis","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.912 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Banks Islands to Efate (northern to central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E210C0C",null,null,"Epi Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 32, On a collection from Tanna, New Hebrides.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3847/","Myzomela cardinalis tenuis"],["17146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis cardinalis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"Erromango, Tanna, and Aneityum (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEA0EE7A",null,null,"Tanna Island, New Hebrides. Based on Cardinal Creeper Latham, 1782, Gen. Synop. Birds, 1 (2), p. 733 and pl. 33, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/484/mode/1up","Certhia Cardinalis"],["17147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela cardinalis lifuensis","Layard & Layard, 1878","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.7 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Loyalty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75ACB3A1",null,null,"Lifu Island, Loyalty Islands.","Notes on the Avifauna of New Caledonia. With Remarks by the Rev. Canon Tristram, F.R.S., C.M.Z.S., &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/294/mode/1up","Myzomela lifuensis"],["17148","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela nigriventris","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.150","Samoan Myzomela","Samoan Myzomela",null,"2025-0974","Taxon <em>nigriventris </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myzomela cardinalis</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations following Pratt &amp; Mittermeier (2016). Genetic data would be informative.","Samoa (Upolu, Savai'i, and Tutuila)",null,null,null,"carmyz4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carmyz4","avibase-688F95A5",null,null,"Upolu Island, Samoa Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/170/mode/1up","Myzomela nigriventris"],["17149","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela jugularis","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.150","Sulphur-breasted Myzomela","Sulphur-breasted Myzomela","Sulphur-breasted Myzomela",null,null,"Fiji, including Yasawa Group and Lau Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703898","orbmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbmyz1","avibase-4A7C2DE5",null,null,"Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/170/mode/1up","Myzomela jugularis"],["17150","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela chermesina","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.118, pl.XXXVIII","Rotuma Myzomela","Rotuma Myzomela","Rotuma Myzomela",null,null,"Rotuma Island (northwest of Fiji)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703871","rotmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rotmyz1","avibase-B2E92A37",null,null,"no locality [= Rotuma Island, cf . Forbes, 1878, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, p. 352] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/288/mode/1up","Myzomela chermesina"],["17151","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra","(Lesson, 1827)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 50 p.30","Micronesian Myzomela","Micronesian Myzomela","Micronesian Myzomela",null,null,"Mariana and Caroline islands (Micronesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703865","micmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/micmyz1","avibase-45B5DE59",null,null,"Oualan [= Kusaie] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/36/mode/1up","Cinnyris rubrater"],["17152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra asuncionis","Salomonsen, 1966","Breviora no.254 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northernmost Northern Mariana Islands (Maug and Asuncion southward to Anatahan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BF4F470",null,null,"Asuncion Island, Marianas Islands.","Preliminary descriptions of new honey-eaters (Aves, Meliphagidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25307#page/325/mode/1up","Myzomela cardinalis asuncionis"],["17153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra saffordi","Wetmore, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"main Northern Marianas (Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, and Rota; formerly also Guam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C96F1131",null,null,"Guam Island.","A new Honey-eater from the Marianne Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/143/mode/1up","Myzomela rubratra saffordi"],["17154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra kobayashii","Momiyama, 1922","Birds of Micronesia p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau (Babelthuap to Angaur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C32F223",null,null,"Pelew [= Palau] Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/37/mode/1up","Myzomela rubratra kobayashii"],["17155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra kurodai","Momiyama, 1922","Birds of Micronesia p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Yap (western Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F897E57C",null,null,"Yap Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/35/mode/1up","Myzomela rubratra kurodai"],["17156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra major","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Chuuk Islands, including Nama, Losap, and Mortlock (Namoluk, Ettal, Lukunor, and Satawan atolls), in central Caroline Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06A0E236",null,null,"'Ex Ins. Carolinis' [= Truk Island, cf. Baker, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, p. 306].","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Sixième communication : Chanteurs curvirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/274/mode/1up","Myzomela major"],["17157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra dichromata","Wetmore, 1919","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Pohnpei and nearby Sapwuahfik Atoll (Ngatik), in eastern Caroline Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B478484",null,null,"Ponape Island [Pohnpei, Fed. State Micronesia]","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/234/mode/1up","Myzomela rubratra dichromata"],["17158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela rubratra rubratra","(Lesson, 1827)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 50 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Kosrae (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F27564F",null,null,"Oualan [= Kusaie] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/36/mode/1up","Cinnyris rubrater"],["17159","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela tristrami","Ramsay, 1881","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.2 p.178","Sooty Myzomela","Sooty Myzomela","Sooty Myzomela",null,null,"Makira and Santa Ana (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703895","soomyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soomyz1","avibase-03719E48",null,null,"Solomon Islands ; restricted to San Christobal by Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 29.","Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands. - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/188/mode/1up","Myzomela Tristrami"],["17160","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela pulchella","Salvadori, 1891","Aggiunte alla Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche p.231","New Ireland Myzomela","New Ireland Myzomela","New Ireland Myzomela",null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703830","neimyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neimyz1","avibase-95FB462E",null,null,"New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34268#page/237/mode/1up","Myzomela pulchella"],["17161","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela sclateri","Forbes, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.265 pl.25 fig.2","Sclater's Myzomela","Sclater's Myzomela","Sclater's Myzomela",null,null,"small islands off northeastern New Guinea and New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703874","scbmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbmyz1","avibase-96BC41B0",null,null,"Palakuru Island [= Credner Islands], New Britain Coasts","A synopsis of the Meliphagine Genus Myzomela, with Descriptions of two new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/355/mode/1up","Myzomela sclateri"],["17162","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela pammelaena","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.553","Bismarck Black Myzomela","Bismarck Black Myzomela","Bismarck Black Myzomela",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago including Admiralty Islands and islets to west",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703877","ebomyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ebomyz1","avibase-9FC95619",null,null,"Nares Harbour, Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/227/mode/1up","Myzomela pammelaena"],["17163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela pammelaena ernstmayri","Meise, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Manus Island (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2BC1DB5",null,null,"Manu [= Allison] Island, west of Ninigo Islands.","Zwei Neue Rassen von Myzomela nigrita.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0084-0093.pdf","Myzomela nigrita ernstmayri"],["17164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela pammelaena pammelaena","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"smaller islands in Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50D96916",null,null,"Nares Harbour, Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/227/mode/1up","Myzomela pammelaena"],["17165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela pammelaena hades","Meise, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, Eloaua, Emirau, and Tench, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7FDF1A8",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Zwei Neue Rassen von Myzomela nigrita.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0084-0093.pdf","Myzomela nigrita hades"],["17166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela pammelaena ramsayi","Finsch, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Tingwon Islands (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D52B4394",null,null,"Kapaterong and Nusa Islands, near northern New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/29/mode/1up","Myzomela ramsayi"],["17167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela pammelaena nigerrima","Salomonsen, 1966","Breviora no.254 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Long Island (northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AD953F9",null,null,"Long Island, northeastern coast of New Guinea.","Preliminary descriptions of new honey-eaters (Aves, Meliphagidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25307#page/325/mode/1up","Myzomela nigrita nigerrima"],["17168","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eichhorni","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.181","Crimson-rumped Myzomela","Crimson-rumped Myzomela","Crimson-rumped Myzomela",null,null,"New Georgia group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703884","yevmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yevmyz1","avibase-4F526489",null,null,"Kolombangara Island.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/211/mode/1up","Myzomela eichhorni"],["17169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eichhorni eichhorni","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara, New Georgia, Rendova, and Vangunu, in New Georgia Group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2606ECE",null,null,"Kolombangara Island.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/211/mode/1up","Myzomela eichhorni"],["17170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eichhorni ganongae","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.516 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Ranongga, in New Georgia Group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22830BDD",null,null,"Ganongga Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 18, Notes on Meliphagidae from Polynesia and the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4102/","Myzomela eichhorni ganongae"],["17171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela eichhorni atrata","Hartert, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella and Baga, in New Georgia Group (Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90AD7404",null,null,"Vella Lavella Island.","Exhibition of examples of new birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/131/mode/1up","Myzomela eichhorni atrata"],["17172","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela malaitae","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.25","Red-vested Myzomela","Red-bellied Myzomela","Malaita Myzomela",null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703891","rebmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebmyz1","avibase-1CBF7214",null,null,"Malaita Island,","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Myzomela cardinalis malaitae"],["17173","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela lafargei","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.98, pl.22 fig.5","Red-capped Myzomela","Red-capped Myzomela","Red-capped Myzomela",null,null,"Buka, Bougainville, Shortland, Fauro, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703880","scnmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scnmyz1","avibase-C9057362",null,null,"Solomon Islands [= Santa Isabel] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/102/mode/1up","Myzomela lafargei"],["17174","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Myzomela melanocephala","(Ramsay, 1879)","Nature 20 p.125","Black-headed Myzomela","Black-headed Myzomela","Black-headed Myzomela",null,null,"Florida, Savo, and Guadalcanal (central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703888","blhmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhmyz1","avibase-1F443304",null,null,"Guadalcanal Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Cinnyris melanocephalus"],["17175","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gymnomyza","Reichenow, 1914","Journal für Ornithologie 62, no.3 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leptornis aubryanus [Verreaux, J & Des Murs, 1860]; type by monotypy",null,"Bericht über die Märzsitzung 1914","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43524#page/514/mode/1up","Gymnomyza"],["17176","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gymnomyza aubryana","(Verreaux & des Murs, 1860)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.10 p.432","Crow Honeyeater","Crow Honeyeater","Crow Honeyeater",null,null,"New Caledonia",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704320","crohon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crohon1","avibase-4709E1AB",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/436/mode/1up","Leptornis Aubryanus"],["17177","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gymnomyza viridis","(Layard, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.150","Yellow-billed Giant Honeyeater","Yellow-billed Giant-Honeyeater","Yellow-billed Honeyeater",null,null,"Fiji (Taveuni and Vanua Levu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103685849","chagih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chagih1","avibase-483F2F46",null,null,"Taviuni Island, Fiji Islands.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/226/mode/1up","Tatare ? viridis"],["17178","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gymnomyza brunneirostris","(Mayr, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.516 p.3","Duetting Giant Honeyeater","Duetting Giant-Honeyeater","Giant Honeyeater",null,null,"Fiji (Viti Levu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103685875","duegih1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duegih1","avibase-AF97F582",null,null,"Viti Levu Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 18, Notes on Meliphagidae from Polynesia and the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4102/","Amoromyza viridis brunneirostris"],["17179","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gymnomyza samoensis","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.314","Mao","Mao","Mao",null,null,"Samoa (mountains of Savai'i, Upolu, and Tutuila)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704317","mao1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mao1","avibase-7E6D8746",null,null,"Samoa Islands ; restricted to Upolu Island by Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 2.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/322/mode/1up","Merops samoensis"],["17180","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Plectorhyncha","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Plectorhyncha lanceolata [Gould, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/293/mode/1up","Plectorhyncha"],["17181","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Plectorhyncha lanceolata","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.70","Striped Honeyeater","Striped Honeyeater","Striped Honeyeater",null,null,"eastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to northwestern Victoria and eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, southeastern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704400","strhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strhon1","avibase-37E7828E",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/289/mode/1up","Plectorhyncha lanceolata"],["17182","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pycnopygius","Salvadori, 1880","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pycnonotus stictocephalus [Salvadori, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/84/mode/1up","Pycnopygius"],["17183","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Pycnopygius stictocephalus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.34","Streak-headed Honeyeater","Streak-headed Honeyeater","Streak-headed Honeyeater",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704167","sthhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthhon1","avibase-92C84F5F",null,null,"Naiabui, Hall Sound, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/40/mode/1up","Pycnonotus (?) stictocephalus"],["17184","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Grantiella","Mathews, 1911","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Entomophila picta [Gould, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,"On some necessary alterations in the nomenclature of birds. Pt. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/35/mode/1up","Grantiella"],["17185","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Grantiella picta","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.71","Painted Honeyeater","Painted Honeyeater","Painted Honeyeater",null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (inland slopes of Great Dividing Range from Chinchilla, southeastern Queensland, to the Grampians, western Victoria); winters to northeastern South Australia, eastern Northern Territory and western and central Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704412","paihon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paihon1","avibase-56DDD096",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/293/mode/1up","Entomophila picta"],["17186","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis","Reichenbach, 1852","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.9 (Meropinae) p.109",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xanthotis flaviventris [Reichenbach, 1852]; type by monotypy = Myzantha flaviventer Lesson, 1828  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/135/mode/1up","Xanthotis"],["17187","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis polygrammus","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.429","Spotted Honeyeater","Spotted Honeyeater","Spotted Honeyeater",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704103","spohon3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spohon3","avibase-88DFFB3B",null,null,"Waigeu Island.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/541/mode/1up","Ptilotis polygramma"],["17188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis polygrammus polygrammus","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72778407",null,null,"Waigeu Island.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/541/mode/1up","Ptilotis polygramma"],["17189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis polygrammus poikilosternos","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Salawati and Misool islands (western Papuan islands) and western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07763B2D",null,null,"Andai, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/128/mode/1up","Xanthotis poikilosternos"],["17190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis polygrammus septentrionalis","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.665",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to upper Sepik River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD73E3C9",null,null,"Maeanderberg, Sepik region. New Guinea.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Xanthotis polygramma septentrionalis"],["17191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis polygrammus lophotis","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.664",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly (south-central), Huon Peninsula (northeastern), and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F81FCE50",null,null,"Junzaing, Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Xanthotis polygramma lophotis"],["17192","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis macleayanus","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.10","Macleay's Honeyeater","Macleay's Honeyeater","Macleay's Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704110","machon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/machon2","avibase-AA3EB700",null,null,"Cardwell, northern Queensland; subsequent restriction to Cooktown, northern Queensland, by Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, p. 481, is invalid; cf., also, Hindwood, 1946, Rec. Austr. Mus., 21, p. 392.","Description of a New Species of Ptilotis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/50/mode/1up","Ptilotis macleayana"],["17193","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.67","Tawny-breasted Honeyeater","Tawny-breasted Honeyeater","Tawny-breasted Honeyeater",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands, and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704100","tabhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabhon1","avibase-4F0E8694",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224580#page/77/mode/1up","Myzantha flaviventer"],["17194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer fusciventris","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.947",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo and Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC2ED699",null,null,"Batanta Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/953/mode/1up","Xanthotis fusciventris"],["17195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer flaviventer","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 2 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Salawati and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69E3D0F9",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224580#page/77/mode/1up","Myzantha flaviventer"],["17196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer saturatior","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.3 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E82EC1D9",null,null,"Kobroor Island, Aru Islands.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Page 231).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/481/mode/1up","Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior"],["17197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer visi","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-182D3B80",null,null,"Mailu, 25 miles west of Orangerie Bay, southeastern New Guinea.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. I. List of three small collections from British New Guinea, mostly brought together in the Owen Stanley Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/33/mode/1up","Ptilotis visi"],["17198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer madaraszi","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.3 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E91658E",null,null,"Simbang, Huon Gulf, northeastern New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Page 231).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/482/mode/1up","Ptilotis chrysotis madaraszi"],["17199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer meyerii","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.947",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea and Yapen Island (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFF75514",null,null,"Jobi Island [Yapen Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/953/mode/1up","Xanthotis meyeri"],["17200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer spilogaster","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1896)","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.6 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"Trobriand Islands and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5C992B1",null,null,"Port Moresby [error = Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/297/mode/1up","Ptilotis spilogaster"],["17201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Xanthotis flaviventer filiger","(Gould, 1851)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.42",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CFD7D03",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/179/mode/1up","Ptilotis filigera"],["17202","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merops moluccensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 15).   ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f53.item","Philemon"],["17203","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon brassi","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.13","Brass's Friarbird","Brass's Friarbird","Brass's Friarbird",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704185","brafri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brafri1","avibase-35B1D549",null,null,"Bernhard Camp, 50 m., Idenburg River, northwestern New Guinea.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Philemon brassi"],["17204","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon inornatus","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.125 pl.XXXIX","Timor Friarbird","Timor Friarbird","Timor Friarbird",null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704176","timfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timfri1","avibase-2F4D34AB",null,null,"no locality [= Timor Island] ; restricted to Kupang by Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 166.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/299/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus inornatus"],["17205","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon kisserensis","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.41","Grey Friarbird","Gray Friarbird","Grey Friarbird",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Kisar, Leti, and Moa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704180","gryfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfri1","avibase-372AFBF8",null,null,"Kisser Island, southern Banda Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/391/mode/1up","Philemon kisserensis"],["17206","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon citreogularis","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.13 fig.1","Little Friarbird","Little Friarbird","Little Friarbird",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731197","litfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litfri1","avibase-A8A2AE86",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/61/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus citreogularis"],["17207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon citreogularis papuensis","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly savanna of southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EB95EFB",null,null,"Dogwa, Oriomo River, Territory of Papua; February 25, 1934; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Philemon citreogularis papuanus"],["17208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon citreogularis sordidus","(Gould, 1848)","An introduction to the birds of Australia p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4953CA7A",null,null,"Port Essington, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237183#page/80/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus sordidus"],["17209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon citreogularis citreogularis","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.13 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to northern Victoria and Waikerie, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F726F617",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/61/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus citreogularis"],["17210","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon meyeri","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.339","Meyer's Friarbird","Meyer's Friarbird","Meyer's Friarbird",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea (except for Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704173","meyfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meyfri1","avibase-E6D08CA4",null,null,"Near Rubi, 'Mittleres Sepikgebiet' [= Etappenberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/353/mode/1up","Philemon meyeri"],["17211","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon fuscicapillus","(Wallace, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.351","Morotai Friarbird","Morotai Friarbird","Dusky Friarbird",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704193","dusfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusfri1","avibase-FAAC2F6A",null,null,"Morty [= Morotai] Island, northern Moluccas.","On some new Birds from the Northern Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/397/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus fuscicapillus"],["17212","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon albitorques","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.553","Manus Friarbird","White-naped Friarbird","White-naped Friarbird",null,null,"Manus Island (Admiralty Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704215","whnfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnfri1","avibase-DAD1050F",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/227/mode/1up","Philemon albitorques"],["17213","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon eichhorni","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.8","New Ireland Friarbird","New Ireland Friarbird","New Ireland Friarbird",null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704221","neifri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neifri1","avibase-92F2C662",null,null,"hills of southwestern New Ireland.","Descriptions of two new species from New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/36/mode/1up","Philemon eichhorni"],["17214","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon cockerelli","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.104","New Britain Friarbird","New Britain Friarbird","New Britain Friarbird",null,null,"New Britain group (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704218","nebfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebfri1","avibase-8B30AF0C",null,null,"New Britain.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/160/mode/1up","Philemon cockerelli"],["17215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon cockerelli umboi","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.2 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Umboi Island (southwestern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-468C7D96",null,null,"Rook Island.","On the Birds of the district of Talasea in New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/167/mode/1up","Philemon novaeguineae umboi"],["17216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon cockerelli cockerelli","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and Duke of York (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38E68ACA",null,null,"New Britain.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/160/mode/1up","Philemon cockerelli"],["17217","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon plumigenis","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.174","Tanimbar Friarbird","Tanimbar Friarbird","Tanimbar Friarbird",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat and Yamdena) and Kai Islands (Kai Kecil and Kai Besar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686165","bkffri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkffri2","avibase-BB8D13A9",null,null,"Kei Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/240/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus plumigenis"],["17218","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.325","Helmeted Friarbird","Helmeted Friarbird","Helmeted Friarbird","2025-0978","Taxa <em>novaeguineae </em>(polytypic) and <em>yorki </em>(monotypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Philemon buceroides</em> pending further research. Mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2016) and genomic (Peñalba et al. 2019) data have recovered relationships within the <em>P. buceroides sensu lato</em> complex that are inconsistent with the proposed taxonomic arrangement. In particular, the mitochondrial DNA-based study of Jønsson et al. (2016) failed to recover <em>buceroides</em> and <em>novaeguineae </em>as monophyletic groups; further research will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","Lesser Sundas eastward from Lombok, New Guinea, and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733441","helfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helfri1","avibase-9EDE54C8",null,null,"New Holland [error = Timor, of. Hellmayr, 1916, Novit. Zool., 23, p. 101] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/337/mode/1up","Philedon buceroides"],["17219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides neglectus","(Büttikofer, 1891)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 13 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACC89CE1",null,null,"Flores Island.","On a collection of birds from Flores, Samao and Timor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37343#page/225/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus neglectus"],["17220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides buceroides","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Sawu, Rote, Timor, Semau, and Wetar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3EF20B6",null,null,"New Holland [error = Timor, of. Hellmayr, 1916, Novit. Zool., 23, p. 101] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/337/mode/1up","Philedon buceroides"],["17221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides gordoni","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (coastal northern Northern Territory, Tiwi islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D4A8225",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/130/mode/1up","Philemon buceroides gordoni"],["17222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides ammitophilus","Schodde, Mason & McKean, 1979","The Emu 79 p.24-30",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (Arnhem Land sandstone, northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBD135A8",null,null,"UDP Falls Area, South Alligator River, east-north-east of Pine Creek, Arnhem Land, Northern Terr., Australia","A new subspecies of Philemon buceroides from Arnhem Land.",null,"Philemon buceroides ammitophila"],["17223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides novaeguineae","(Müller, 1842)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.153,note",null,null,null,null,null,"western Papuan islands, Vogelkop Peninsula (northwestern New Guinea) and southern and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B2AA2E7",null,null,"Zuidwestkust van Nieuw-Guinea [=Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/169/mode/1up","Trop[idorhynchus] novae-guineae"],["17224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides aruensis","(Meyer, 1884)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (southwest of New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA7F20B1",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/226/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus aruensis"],["17225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides jobiensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen Island and northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50D1D73A",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi [= Japen] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/129/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus jobiensis"],["17226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides subtuberosus","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.3 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"Trobriand Islands and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0052498",null,null,"Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. IV. List of a collection made by Albert S. Meek on Fergusson, Trobriand, Egum, and Woodlark Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/274/mode/1up","Philemon novaeguineae subtuberosus"],["17227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides tagulanus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula Island (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A6B77DE",null,null,"Tagula [= Sudest] Island.","Further notes on the birds of Sudest Island, or Tagula, in the Louisiade Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/347/mode/1up","Philemon novaeguineae tagulanus"],["17228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon buceroides yorki","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Torres Strait islands, Cape York Peninsula southward to St. Lawrence, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94ACC9A3",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/130/mode/1up","Philemon buceroides yorki"],["17229","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon corniculatus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.276","Noisy Friarbird","Noisy Friarbird","Noisy Friarbird",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704227","noifri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noifri1","avibase-6AD860B6",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/298/mode/1up","Merops corniculatus"],["17230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon corniculatus corniculatus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula to Rockhampton, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BE2C5FD",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/298/mode/1up","Merops corniculatus"],["17231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon corniculatus monachus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxiv",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern and southeastern Australia (central Queensland to central Victoria westward to Mildura); winters to Cape York Peninsula (northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F57D8DE",null,null,"Port Jackson [Sydney Harbour, NSW, Australia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/40/mode/1up","Merops monachus"],["17232","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon argenticeps","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144","Silver-crowned Friarbird","Silver-crowned Friarbird","Silver-crowned Friarbird",null,null,"northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704224","sicfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sicfri1","avibase-54042625",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia [= West Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia; cf. Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112].","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus argenticeps"],["17233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon argenticeps argenticeps","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C6919C3",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia [= West Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia; cf. Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112].","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus argenticeps"],["17234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon argenticeps kempi","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0E39CAB",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland,","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/129/mode/1up","Philemon argenticeps kempi"],["17235","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon diemenensis","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.401","New Caledonian Friarbird","New Caledonian Friarbird","New Caledonian Friarbird",null,null,"forest of New Caledonia, including Maré and Lifou (Loyalty Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704230","necfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necfri1","avibase-44D2690A",null,null,"La Terre de Diemen [by error = New Caledonia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/439/mode/1up","Tropidorhynchus diemenensis"],["17236","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon moluccensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.465","Buru Friarbird","Buru Friarbird","Black-faced Friarbird",null,null,"Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686144","bkffri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkffri1","avibase-FDBFA772",null,null,"Bouro [= Buru] Island. Based on Polochion Buffon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/477/mode/1up","Merops moluccensis"],["17237","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Philemon subcorniculatus","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.314","Seram Friarbird","Seram Friarbird","Seram Friarbird",null,null,"lowlands of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704200","serfri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/serfri1","avibase-479CACC3",null,null,"Ceram Island.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/322/mode/1up","Merops subcorniculatus"],["17238","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliarchus","Salvadori, 1880","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Philemon sclateri [Gray, GR, 1870]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/81/mode/1up","Meliarchus"],["17239","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliarchus sclateri","(Gray, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.29 p.327","Makira Honeyeater","Makira Honeyeater","Makira Honeyeater",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704292","sacmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacmel1","avibase-4E9FEF0B",null,null,"San Christobal Island, British Solomon Islands.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/341/mode/1up","Philemon Sclateri"],["17240","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Guadalcanaria","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Guadalcanaria inexpectata [Hartert, E, 1929]; type by original designation",null,"Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Guadalcanaria"],["17241","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Guadalcanaria inexpectata","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.8","Guadalcanal Honeyeater","Guadalcanal Honeyeater","Guadalcanal Honeyeater",null,null,"mountains of Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704027","guahon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guahon1","avibase-167A2A67",null,null,"Guadalcanar Island, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Guadalcanaria inexpectata"],["17242","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphacator","Mathews, 1930","Systema Avium Australasianarum: A systematic list of the birds of the Australasian Region p.771",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilotis provocator [Layard]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257003#page/795/mode/1up","Meliphacator"],["17243","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphacator provocator","(Layard, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.28","Kadavu Honeyeater","Kadavu Honeyeater","Kadavu Honeyeater",null,null,"Kadavu (Fiji)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704119","kanhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kanhon1","avibase-8E525496",null,null,"Kandavu Island, Fiji Islands.","Ornithological Notes from Fiji, with Descriptions of supposed new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/60/mode/1up","Ptilotis provocator"],["17244","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Foulehaio","Reichenbach, 1852","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.9 (Meropinae) p.110",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Philemon musicus [Vieillot, 1826]; type by monotypy = Certhia carunculata J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/136/mode/1up","Foulehaio"],["17245","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Foulehaio procerior","(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1867)","Beitrag zur Fauna Centralpolynesiens. Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa- und Tonga-Inseln p.62 pl.5 fig.3","Kikau","Western Wattled-Honeyeater","Kikau",null,null,"Fiji (Viti Levu, Ovalau, and islands in Yasawa Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103686033","weswah1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weswah1","avibase-FF3E7726",null,null,"Ovalau Island, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50141#page/108/mode/1up","Ptilotis procerior"],["17246","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Foulehaio carunculatus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.472","Polynesian Wattled Honeyeater","Eastern Wattled-Honeyeater","Polynesian Wattled Honeyeater",null,null,"eastern Fiji, Lau Archipelago, Tonga, and Samoa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103685955","easwah1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easwah1","avibase-A7119ADF",null,null,"Tongatabu. Based on 'Wattled Creeper' Latham, 1782, Gen. Synop. Birds, 1 (2) , p. 732.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/484/mode/1up","Certhia carunculata"],["17247","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Foulehaio taviunensis","(Wiglesworth, 1891)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.6 p.34","Fiji Wattled Honeyeater","Northern Wattled-Honeyeater","Fiji Wattled Honeyeater",null,null,"Fiji (Vanua Levu and Taveuni)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103685978","norwah1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norwah1","avibase-62AE35E9",null,null,"Taviuni, Fiji group",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/276/mode/1up","Ptilotis procerior taviunensis"],["17248","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Trichodere","North, 1912","Ibis ser.9, vol.6, no.21 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilotis cockerelli [Gould, 1869]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85124#page/182/mode/1up","Trichodere"],["17249","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Trichodere cockerelli","(Gould, 1869)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl., pt5 pl.43","White-streaked Honeyeater","White-streaked Honeyeater","White-streaked Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern Australia (eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703981","whshon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whshon1","avibase-853F2E95",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/183/mode/1up","Ptilotis cockerelli"],["17250","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhia australasiana [Shaw, 1812]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 24).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/336/mode/1up","Phylidonyris"],["17251","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris pyrrhopterus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxviii","Crescent Honeyeater","Crescent Honeyeater","Crescent Honeyeater",null,null,"south-central and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704353","crehon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crehon2","avibase-220D80CB",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf. Sharpe, 1906, Hist. Coll. Nat. Hist. Brit. Mus., 2, p. 129].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/44/mode/1up","Certhia pyrrhoptera"],["17252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxviii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Barrington Tops, central New South Wales, Hunter River to Nelson, southwestern Victoria, Grampians, Flinders and King islands, Bass Strait, and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD84806E",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf. Sharpe, 1906, Hist. Coll. Nat. Hist. Brit. Mus., 2, p. 129].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/44/mode/1up","Certhia pyrrhoptera"],["17253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris pyrrhopterus halmaturinus","(Campbell, 1906)","The Emu 5 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Mount Lofty Range, and Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-044D9FF3",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","Report on the Birds of Kangaroo Island : a Comparison with Mainland Forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34189#page/232/mode/1up","Meliornis (Lichmera) australasiana subsp. halmaturina"],["17254","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris niger","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.196, pl.37, fig.2","White-cheeked Honeyeater","White-cheeked Honeyeater","White-cheeked Honeyeater",null,null,"southwestern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704364","whchon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whchon2","avibase-F7513719",null,null,"Neuholland [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Based on 'L'Heorotaire noir' Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dores, 2, pl. 71.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/288/mode/1up","Certhia nigra"],["17255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris niger niger","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.196, pl.37, fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, Connors-Clarke Range, and Byfield to Orbost, eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82CA3A67",null,null,"Neuholland [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Based on 'L'Heorotaire noir' Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dores, 2, pl. 71.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/288/mode/1up","Certhia nigra"],["17256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris niger gouldii","(Schlegel, 1872)","De Dierentuin van het Koninklijk Zoölogisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Kalbarri to Eucla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AF04540",null,null,"Western Australia; restricted to Perth by Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, p. 25.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86022#page/185/mode/1up","Meliphaga gouldii"],["17257","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris novaehollandiae","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.296","New Holland Honeyeater","New Holland Honeyeater","New Holland Honeyeater",null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704361","nehhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nehhon2","avibase-DF9A1A25",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] . Based on 'New Holland Creeper' White, 1790, Journ. Voy. New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/318/mode/1up","Certhia novaeHollandiae"],["17258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Gympie, southeastern Queensland to Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37F385EF",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] . Based on 'New Holland Creeper' White, 1790, Journ. Voy. New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/318/mode/1up","Certhia novaeHollandiae"],["17259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris novaehollandiae caudatus","Salomonsen, 1966","Breviora no.254 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait, southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CEE5B02",null,null,"King Island, Bass Strait.","Preliminary descriptions of new honey-eaters (Aves, Meliphagidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25307#page/333/mode/1up","Phylidonyris novaehollandiae caudata"],["17260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris novaehollandiae canescens","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B41D091",null,null,"Terra Van Diemen N. Hollandiae [= Tasmania, cf. Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec, 1, p. 100; and Stresemann, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 71].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/93/mode/1up","Sylvia canescens"],["17261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris novaehollandiae campbelli","(Mathews, 1923)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 5, no.2-3 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (ff South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CDEABC9",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my lists of the Birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/340857#page/8/mode/1up","Meliornis novaehollandiae campbelli"],["17262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Phylidonyris novaehollandiae longirostris","(Gould, 1846)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.163 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Kalbarri to Eucla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-560A371B",null,null,"Western Australia [= Swan River, Western Australia].","Descriptions of two New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/451/mode/1up","Meliphaga longirostris"],["17263","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Cissomela","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myzomela nigra [Gould] = Myzomela pectoralis Gould, 1841",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/274/mode/1up","Cissomela"],["17264","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Cissomela pectoralis","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.170","Banded Honeyeater","Banded Honeyeater","Banded Honeyeater",null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703913","banhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banhon1","avibase-C86D00F0",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/896/mode/1up","Myzomela pectoralis"],["17265","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Glyciphila ocularis [Gould, 1838]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 263).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/134/mode/1up","Lichmera"],["17266","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera lombokia","(Mathews, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.60","Scaly-crowned Honeyeater","Sunda Honeyeater","Scaly-crowned Honeyeater",null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703943","sunhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunhon1","avibase-685B4E33",null,null,"Lombok Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/96/mode/1up","Meliphaga lombokia"],["17267","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera flavicans","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.325","Flame-eared Honeyeater","Yellow-eared Honeyeater","Flame-eared Honeyeater",null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703972","yeehon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeehon1","avibase-0D8B8C68",null,null,"'Nouvelle Hollande' [error = Timor Island, cf. Hellmayr, 1916, Novit. Zool., 23, p. 102] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/341/mode/1up","Melithreptus flavicans"],["17268","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera notabilis","(Finsch, 1898)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 20 p.130","Black-necklaced Honeyeater","Black-necklaced Honeyeater","Black-necklaced Honeyeater",null,null,"Wetar (Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703976","blchon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blchon1","avibase-68F6A00C",null,null,"Wetter Island.","On seven new species of birds in the Leyden Museum from the islands of Wetter, Kisser, Letti and New-Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37321#page/150/mode/1up","Stigmatops notabilis"],["17269","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera squamata","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.337","Scaly-breasted Honeyeater","White-tufted Honeyeater","Scaly-breasted Honeyeater",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Wetar to Tanimbar and Kai islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703959","whthon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthon2","avibase-B5BB0FC3",null,null,"Choor [=Kur] Island, eastern Banda Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/351/mode/1up","Stigmatops squamata"],["17270","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera alboauricularis","(Ramsay, 1878)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.1 p.75","Silver-eared Honeyeater","Silver-eared Honeyeater","Silver-eared Honeyeater",null,null,"north-central and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703963","siehon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siehon1","avibase-68C2B245",null,null,"southeast coast of New Guinea.","Descriptions of five species of new Birds, from Torres Straits and New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/95/mode/1up","Stigmatops albo-auricularis"],["17271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera alboauricularis alboauricularis","(Ramsay, 1878)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"southern coast of southeastern New Guinea, Doini, and Rogeia islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-778C0EBF",null,null,"southeast coast of New Guinea.","Descriptions of five species of new Birds, from Torres Straits and New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/95/mode/1up","Stigmatops albo-auricularis"],["17272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera alboauricularis olivacea","Mayr, 1938","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 20, no.34 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern New Guinea (Lake Sentani to Ramu River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-894490E0",null,null,"Ifar, Sentani Lake, northern New Guinea.","Birds of the Crane Pacific Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20929#page/22/mode/1up","Lichmera alboauricularis olivacea"],["17273","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera incana","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.296","Grey-eared Honeyeater","Gray-eared Honeyeater","Grey-eared Honeyeater",null,null,"central and southern Vanuatu and New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703955","dabhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dabhon1","avibase-80F7A230",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/318/mode/1up","Certhia incana"],["17274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera incana incana","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A22431A1",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/318/mode/1up","Certhia incana"],["17275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera incana poliotis","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Loyalty Islands (Beautemps, Beaupré, Ouvéa, and Lifou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9246935",null,null,"Loyalty Islands ; restricted to Lifu Island by Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 2.","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/220/mode/1up","Glyciphila poliotis"],["17276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera incana mareensis","Salomonsen, 1966","Breviora no.254 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Maré (Loyalty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8768594",null,null,"Mare, Loyalty Islands.","Preliminary descriptions of new honey-eaters (Aves, Meliphagidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25307#page/324/mode/1up","Lichmera incana mareensis"],["17277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera incana griseoviridis","Salomonsen, 1966","Breviora no.254 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A047DCDE",null,null,"Lopevi Island, New Hebrides.","Preliminary descriptions of new honey-eaters (Aves, Meliphagidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25307#page/325/mode/1up","Lichmera incana griseoviridis"],["17278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera incana flavotincta","(Gray, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.29 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"Erromango (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A1FC6BA",null,null,"Erromanga, New Hebrides.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/345/mode/1up","Glyciphila flavotincta"],["17279","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera indistincta","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.315","Brown Honeyeater","Brown Honeyeater","Brown Honeyeater",null,null,"Bali, Lesser Sundas, south-central New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and western, northern, central, and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103684809","brohon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brohon1","avibase-7CF36CE0",null,null,"King George Sound, southern Western Australia.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/324/mode/1up","Meliphaga indistincta"],["17280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera indistincta limbata","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.162,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali and Lesser Sundas to Flores and Timor",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B8A3CD6",null,null,"Timor Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/178/mode/1up","Meliphaga (Ptilotis) limbata"],["17281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera indistincta nupta","(Stresemann, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BDE663B",null,null,"Aru Islands.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/364/mode/1up","Stigmatops indistincta nupta"],["17282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera indistincta melvillensis","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C750C93",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/68/mode/1up","Stigmatops indistincta melvillensis"],["17283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera indistincta indistincta","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"western and northwestern Australia (southwestern Australia eastward to Eucla, to northwestern Queensland but excluding southern deserts)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D67C0EB",null,null,"King George Sound, southern Western Australia.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/324/mode/1up","Meliphaga indistincta"],["17284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera indistincta ocularis","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to southern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4375DE70",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [error = New South Wales, cf. Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 402].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/308/mode/1up","Glyciphila (?) ocularis"],["17285","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera argentauris","(Finsch, 1871)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 2 p.364","Olive Honeyeater","Olive Honeyeater","Olive Honeyeater",null,null,"Moluccas and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703946","olihon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olihon1","avibase-03880005",null,null,"'Neu Guinea und die Papu-Inseln' ; restricted to Waigeu Island by Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 345.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104665#page/372/mode/1up","Ptilotis argentauris"],["17286","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera monticola","(Stresemann, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.5","Seram Honeyeater","Seram Honeyeater","Seram Honeyeater",null,null,"mountains of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703969","serhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/serhon1","avibase-9810164E",null,null,"Ceram.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species of Starling and of other new species from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/29/mode/1up","Stigmatops monticola"],["17287","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichmera deningeri","(Stresemann, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.6","Buru Honeyeater","Buru Honeyeater","Buru Honeyeater",null,null,"mountains of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703966","burhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burhon1","avibase-D5D7DA7E",null,null,"Buru Island.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species of Starling and of other new species from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/30/mode/1up","Stigmatops deningeri"],["17288","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.2-3 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilotis flavigula [Gould, 1838]; type by original designation = Melithreptus flavicollis Vieillot, 1817",null,"New generic names","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/78/mode/1up","Nesoptilotis"],["17289","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis flavicollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.325","Yellow-throated Honeyeater","Yellow-throated Honeyeater","Yellow-throated Honeyeater",null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia), King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704073","yethon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yethon1","avibase-CAD27557",null,null,"Nouvelle Hollande; restricted to King Island, Bass Strait, by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 407.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/341/mode/1up","Melithreptus flavicollis"],["17290","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis leucotis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliv","White-eared Honeyeater","White-eared Honeyeater","White-eared Honeyeater",null,null,"southwestern, southern, and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704070","whehon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whehon1","avibase-6897E78D",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf. . Mathews and Iredale, 1920, Austral Avian Rec, 4, pp. 114-122].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/50/mode/1up","Turdus leucotis"],["17291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis leucotis leucotis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliv",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (southern South Australia to southeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFEFEB1A",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf. . Mathews and Iredale, 1920, Austral Avian Rec, 4, pp. 114-122].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/50/mode/1up","Turdus leucotis"],["17292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis leucotis depauperata","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (Porcupine Gorge, northeastern Queensland inland of the Great Dividing Range to northern Victoria and west to Mount Lofty Range, Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB841564",null,null,"Coonalpun, South Australia","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/431/mode/1up","Ptilotis leucotis depauperata"],["17293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis leucotis thomasi","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (off South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E269604",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/127/mode/1up","Ptilotis leucotis thomasi"],["17294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis leucotis novaenorciae","(Milligan, 1904)","The Emu 3 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Kalbarri to Eucla), except coastal forests",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC3E51E1",null,null,"Wongan Hills, south Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36066#page/270/mode/1up","Ptilotis novae-norciae"],["17295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Nesoptilotis leucotis schoddei","Black, 2019","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 139, no.2 p.170 [164-172]",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Eyre Peninsula, Gawler Ranges, and Yellabinna region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6A45A42",null,null,"collected by D. Armstrong 1 km north-west of Port Kenny, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia (33 09’45”S, 134 40’03”E) on 17 February 2004","A new subspecies of White-eared Honeyeater Nesoptilotis leucotis (Meliphagidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333827440","Nesoptilotis leucotis schoddei"],["17296","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Entomyzon","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gracula cyanotis [Latham, 1801]; type by original designation = Gracula cyanotis Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/512/mode/1up","Entomyzon"],["17297","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Entomyzon cyanotis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxix","Blue-faced Honeyeater","Blue-faced Honeyeater",null,"2025-0977","Taxon <em>albipennis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Entomyzon cyanotis</em> based on apparent clinality in plumage and morphological traits, similarity in voice and behavior, although showing moderate genetic divergence across mitochondrial DNA (Toon et al. 2020) and genomic (Peñalba et al. 2019) datasets.","south-central New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"blfhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfhon1","avibase-3EB7F778",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf. Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/35/mode/1up","Gracula cyanotis"],["17298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Entomyzon cyanotis albipennis","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to north-western Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E343084A",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/895/mode/1up","Entomyza albipennis"],["17299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Entomyzon cyanotis griseigularis","van Oort, 1909","Nova Guinea 9 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF6AE885",null,null,"Merauke, 17 November 1907",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124820#page/161/mode/1up","Entomyza cyanotis griseigularis"],["17300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Entomyzon cyanotis cyanotis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxix",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to southeastern South Australia, disjunctly along Murray River to Waikerie and, further south, to Keith)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0F588F2",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf. Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/35/mode/1up","Gracula cyanotis"],["17301","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhia lunata [Vieillot, 1802]; type by monotypy = Certhia lunata Vieillot, 1802  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f52.item","Melithreptus"],["17302","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus chloropsis","Gould, 1848","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.30) pl.73, with text","Gilbert's Honeyeater","Gilbert's Honeyeater","Gilbert's Honeyeater",null,null,"southwestern Australia (Julimar State Forest to Cape Arid)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103685491","whnhon3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnhon3","avibase-8D2780B9",null,null,"Swan River, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/305/mode/1up","Melithreptus chloropsis"],["17303","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus lunatus","(Vieillot, 1802)","Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques 2 p.95 pl.61","White-naped Honeyeater","White-naped Honeyeater","White-naped Honeyeater",null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northeastern Queensland, Clarke-Connors Range and nearby lowlands, southern Victoria and Mount Lofty Range, and Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103685459","whnhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnhon2","avibase-E4C4AC31",null,null,"Nouvelle Hollande [= New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109201#page/256/mode/1up","Certhia lunata"],["17304","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus affinis","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167","Black-headed Honeyeater","Black-headed Honeyeater","Black-headed Honeyeater",null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia), and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704132","blhhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhhon1","avibase-C976BB55",null,null,"'Nova Wallia meridionalis' [error = Tasmania] .","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Eidopsarus affinis"],["17305","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus albogularis","Gould, 1848","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.30) pl.74, with text","White-throated Honeyeater","White-throated Honeyeater","White-throated Honeyeater",null,null,"south-central and southeastern New Guinea and northern and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704135","whthon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whthon1","avibase-650D1F07",null,null,"'Northern and Eastern Australia' [= Port Essington, Northern Territory; cf. de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 224] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/309/mode/1up","Melithreptus albogularis"],["17306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus albogularis albogularis","Gould, 1848","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.30) pl.74, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to northeastern Queensland including Cape York Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC1AA713",null,null,"'Northern and Eastern Australia' [= Port Essington, Northern Territory; cf. de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 224] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/309/mode/1up","Melithreptus albogularis"],["17307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus albogularis inopinatus","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Cairns, Queensland southward to about Coffs Harbour, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F09B6981",null,null,"mouth of Macleay River, N.S.W., 13 June 1985, coll. L. Christidis","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Melithreptus albogularis inopinatus"],["17308","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus validirostris","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.17 fig.2","Strong-billed Honeyeater","Strong-billed Honeyeater","Strong-billed Honeyeater",null,null,"Tasmania (southeastern Australia), and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704148","stbhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbhon2","avibase-4464B512",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [= Tasmania] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/77/mode/1up","Haematops validirostris"],["17309","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus gularis","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.17 fig.3","Black-chinned Honeyeater","Black-chinned Honeyeater",null,"2025-0976","Taxon <em>laetior </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Melithreptus gularis</em> based on available evidence. Despite differences in plumage and vocalizations, there is a broad zone of intergradation between <em>laetior </em>and <em>gularis</em>, and genetic divergence is consistent with subspecific differentiation based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Toon et al. 2010).","northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"blchon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blchon2","avibase-A64689F9",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/77/mode/1up","Haematops gularis"],["17310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus gularis laetior","Gould, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.16, no.94 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Pilbara region, Western Australia eastward to north-eastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-052A0710",null,null,"Lake Eyre district, central Australia.","XXXVIII. Further Contributions to the Ornithology of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81071#page/301/mode/1up","Melithreptes laetior"],["17311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus gularis gularis","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.17 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to Padthaway, southeastern South Australia; Mount Lofty Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D322DD1",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/77/mode/1up","Haematops gularis"],["17312","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus brevirostris","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.315","Brown-headed Honeyeater","Brown-headed Honeyeater","Brown-headed Honeyeater",null,null,"southwestern, southern, and east-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704151","brhhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhhon1","avibase-08DADC05",null,null,"New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/324/mode/1up","Meliphaga brevirostris"],["17313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus brevirostris brevirostris","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to southern Victoria and southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B87A0853",null,null,"New South Wales.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/324/mode/1up","Meliphaga brevirostris"],["17314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus brevirostris wombeyi","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Otway Peninsula, Gippsland to Wilson's Promontory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9415CCE2",null,null,"Wait-a-while road, Otway State Forest, Vic [=Victoria, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Melithreptus brevirostris wombeyi"],["17315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus brevirostris pallidiceps","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central Queensland to northwestern Victoria and Flinders and Mount Lofty ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-030F6BC7",null,null,"Ninety Mile Desert, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/418/mode/1up","Melithreptus atricapillus pallidiceps"],["17316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus brevirostris magnirostris","North, 1905","Records of the Australian Museum 6 p.20 pl.5 fig.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (off South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A4C1B64",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","On an Insular Form of Melithreptus brevirostris, Vigors and Horsfield.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31431#page/44/mode/1up","Melithreptus magnirostris"],["17317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melithreptus brevirostris leucogenys","Milligan, 1903","The Emu 2 pt3 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96011032",null,null,"Stirling Range, southern Western Australia.","Description of a New Melithreptus from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36302#page/189/mode/1up","Melithreptus leucogenys"],["17318","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Stomiopera","Reichenbach, 1852","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.9 (Meropinae) p.109.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilotis unicolor [Gould, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 24).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/135/mode/1up","Stomiopera"],["17319","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Stomiopera unicolor","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.136","White-gaped Honeyeater","White-gaped Honeyeater","White-gaped Honeyeater",null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region to Sarina, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704067","whghon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whghon1","avibase-EC322B71",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/288/mode/1up","Ptilotis unicolor"],["17320","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Stomiopera flava","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.136","Yellow Honeyeater","Yellow Honeyeater","Yellow Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704064","yelhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelhon1","avibase-64829846",null,null,"'Port Essington, North coast of Australia' [= Cape York, northern Queensland, cf . de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 228] .","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/288/mode/1up","Ptilotis flava"],["17321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Stomiopera flava flava","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F6CB764",null,null,"'Port Essington, North coast of Australia' [= Cape York, northern Queensland, cf . de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 228] .","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/288/mode/1up","Ptilotis flava"],["17322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Stomiopera flava addenda","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to Sarina, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30EF0DB8",null,null,"Inkerman, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/436/mode/1up","Ptilotis flava addenda"],["17323","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga","Lewin, 1808","Birds of New Holland, with their natural history p.4 pl.5",null,null,null,"2025-0981","A broad <em>Meliphaga </em>comprising 17 species and four subgenera (<em>Meliphaga, Territornis, Microptilotis</em>, and <em>Oreornis</em>) is recognized based on multilocus DNA and genomic data (Marki et al. 2017; Andersen et al. 2019; McCullough et al. 2019; Hay et al. 2022), supported by morphology and ecology. Although <em>Meliphaga </em>was split into three genera based on paraphyly with <em>Oreornis </em>(McCullough et al. 2019), <em>Oreornis </em>is better treated as a large-bodied <em>Meliphaga</em>, thus restoring monophyly to the genus.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Meliphaga chrysotis [Lewin, 1808]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 15). = Ptilotis lewinii Swainson, 1837  ",null,null,null,"Meliphaga"],["17324","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga aruensis","(Sharpe, 1884)","Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Alert' 1881-2, Aves p.19","Puff-backed Honeyeater","Puff-backed Honeyeater","Puff-backed Honeyeater",null,null,"New Guinea including western Papuan islands, Aru and Trobriand islands, and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703996","pubhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubhon1","avibase-8E164E0F",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63054#page/51/mode/1up","Ptilotis aruensis"],["17325","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga notata","(Gould, 1867)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.20, no.118 p.269","Yellow-spotted Honeyeater","Yellow-spotted Honeyeater","Yellow-spotted Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704010","yeshon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeshon1","avibase-80CAC2CD",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","XXXIV. On two new Birds from Eastern Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53344#page/283/mode/1up","Ptilotis notata"],["17326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga notata notata","(Gould, 1867)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.20, no.118 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait islands, eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58C04686",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","XXXIV. On two new Birds from Eastern Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53344#page/283/mode/1up","Ptilotis notata"],["17327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga notata mixta","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.403",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southeastern Cape York Peninsula to Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA0023E4",null,null,"Johnstone River, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/427/mode/1up","Ptilotis analoga mixta"],["17328","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga lewinii","(Swainson, 1837)","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.326","Lewin's Honeyeater","Lewin's Honeyeater","Lewin's Honeyeater",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704016","lewhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lewhon1","avibase-1EDA991A",null,null,"New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/350/mode/1up","Ptilotis lewinii"],["17329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga lewinii amphochlora","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (McIlwraith Range above 600 m, eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F55ABDDF",null,null,"summit of Mcllwraith Range, 12 July 1985, coll. J.C. Wombey","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Meliphaga lewinii amphochlora"],["17330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga lewinii mab","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to Rockhampton, eastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7205B50",null,null,"Inkerman, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/428/mode/1up","Ptilotis lewinii mab"],["17331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga lewinii lewinii","(Swainson, 1837)","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Rockhampton to south-central Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81FC2E1C",null,null,"New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/350/mode/1up","Ptilotis lewinii"],["17332","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga reticulata","Temminck, 1820","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.5, vol.4 pl.29 fig.2","Streak-breasted Honeyeater","Streak-breasted Honeyeater","Streak-breasted Honeyeater",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Semau)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704024","stbhon3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbhon3","avibase-A8FF305A",null,null,"Timor Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/270/mode/1up","Meliphaga reticulata"],["17333","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga albilineata","(White, 1917)","The Emu 16 p.165","White-lined Honeyeater","White-lined Honeyeater","White-lined Honeyeater",null,null,"north-central Australia (Arnhem Land sandstone, northern Northern Territory)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735776","whlhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlhon1","avibase-EAB820A0",null,null,"King River, Northern Territory, Australia.","Description of New Honey-eater of the Genus Ptilotis, from North Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80972#page/261/mode/1up","Ptilotis albilineata"],["17334","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga fordiana","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.119-122","Kimberley Honeyeater","Kimberley Honeyeater","Kimberley Honeyeater",null,null,"northwestern Australia (northwestern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735687","kimhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kimhon1","avibase-ABCF8D10",null,null,"Mitchell River falls, 13 Aug. 1985, coll. L. Christidis","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Meliphaga albilineata fordiana"],["17335","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga chrysogenys","(van Oort, 1910)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 32 p.215","Orange-cheeked Honeyeater","Orange-cheeked Honeyeater","Orange-cheeked Honeyeater",null,null,"west-central New Guinea (timberline zone of Snow Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704122","orchon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orchon1","avibase-680E7394",null,null,"4,150 m., Oranje Mountains.","Description of eight new birds collected by Mr. H. A. Lorentz in Southwestern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/233/mode/1up","Oreornis chrysogenys"],["17336","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga flavirictus","(Salvadori, 1880)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.76","Yellow-gaped Honeyeater","Yellow-gaped Honeyeater","Yellow-gaped Honeyeater",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704013","yeghon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeghon1","avibase-2600BE0B",null,null,"Fly River, southern British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/82/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavirictus"],["17337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga flavirictus flavirictus","(Salvadori, 1880)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"southern watershed of Central Range from middle and lower Fly River eastward to southern slopes of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E708DC70",null,null,"Fly River, southern British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/82/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavirictus"],["17338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga flavirictus crockettorum","Mayr & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"western and northern New Guinea from Vogelkop eastward to Sepik River and Herzog Mountains and, in south, to Utakwa River (Nassau Mountains), Snow Mountains, and probably farther eastward toward Fly River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6292C75",null,null,"Bamoskabu, Karoon, Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea.","Zoological results of the Denison-Crockett expedition to the South Pacific for the Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia, 1937-1938. Part IV. - Birds from North-west New Guinea.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064287","Meliphaga flavirictus crockettorum"],["17339","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga vicina","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.203","Tagula Honeyeater","Tagula Honeyeater","Tagula Honeyeater",null,null,"lowlands and hills of Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704002","taghon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taghon1","avibase-7623A65D",null,null,"Sudest [= Tagula] Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. Albert Meek on the Kumusi river, north-eastern British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/223/mode/1up","Ptilotis analoga vicina"],["17340","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga mimikae","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.27","Mottle-breasted Honeyeater","Mottle-breasted Honeyeater","Mottle-breasted Honeyeater","2025-1146","Taxon <em>rara </em>is treated as a synonym of <em>Meliphaga analoga</em> following Rand (1942) and Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016). Erroneously described as a race of <em>M. mimikae </em>by Salomonsen (1966), the single specimen is considered an aberrant individual of <em>M. analoga</em> based on its size and distribution, including the elevation of collection.","montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703987","spbmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbmel1","avibase-BB78BB28",null,null,"Mimika River, southern New Guinea.","Descriptions of species of birds from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/55/mode/1up","Ptilotis mimikae"],["17341","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga montana","(Salvadori, 1880)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.77","Forest Honeyeater","Forest Honeyeater","Forest Honeyeater",null,null,"mountains of Vogelkop, Onin and Bomberai peninsulas, and Weyland Mountains, in northwestern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703984","forhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forhon1","avibase-0C6603A9",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/83/mode/1up","Ptilotis montana"],["17342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga montana montana","(Salvadori, 1880)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Batanta Island (western Papuan islands) and northwestern to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D40EC126",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/83/mode/1up","Ptilotis montana"],["17343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga montana steini","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C31F8802",null,null,"Japen Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. III. Die Vögel von Japen (= Jobi).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/242/mode/1up","Meliphaga montana steini"],["17344","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga cinereifrons","Rand, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.872 p.20","Elegant Honeyeater","Elegant Honeyeater","Elegant Honeyeater",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734941","grahon3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grahon3","avibase-F8934B3A",null,null,"Rona, Central Division, Territory of Papua, southeastern New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 11. Meliphaga analoga and its allies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3955/","Meliphaga gracilis cinereifrons"],["17345","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga analoga","(Reichenbach, 1852)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.9 (Meropinae) p.103 tab.467 no.3332","Mimic Honeyeater","Mimic Honeyeater","Mimic Honeyeater","2025-1146","Taxon <em>rara </em>is treated as a synonym of <em>Meliphaga analoga</em> following Rand (1942) and Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016). Erroneously described as a race of <em>M. mimikae </em>by Salomonsen (1966), the single specimen is considered an aberrant individual of <em>M. analoga</em> based on its size and distribution, including the elevation of collection.","New Guinea including western Papuan islands and Aru Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703999","mimhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mimhon1","avibase-9AEF905F",null,null,"'Oceanien' [error for Triton Bay, western New Guinea]. Based on Ptilotis analogue Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pôle Sud, Zool., 3, atlas pl. 17, fig. 2; cf. Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 13.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/129/mode/1up","Ptilotis analoga"],["17346","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga orientalis","(Meyer, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.92","Mountain Honeyeater","Mountain Honeyeater","Hill-forest Honeyeater",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703990","moumel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moumel1","avibase-65A09B9A",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea.","Beschreibung einiger neuen Vögel aus dem Ostindischen Archipel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/102/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavirictus orientalis"],["17347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga orientalis facialis","Rand, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.872 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (highlands of the Bird's Head Peninsula, and the southern slope of the highlands eastward to the Eastern Range), also Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A1C0C08",null,null,"Siwi, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 11. Meliphaga analoga and its allies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3955/","Meliphaga orientalis facialis"],["17348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga orientalis becki","Rand, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.872 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (northern slope of the western and central highlands, also the northern ranges from the Foja Mountains eastward to the Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C116BFAA",null,null,"Zakaheme, Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 11. Meliphaga analoga and its allies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3955/","Meliphaga orientalis becki"],["17349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga orientalis orientalis","(Meyer, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16BC80BF",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea.","Beschreibung einiger neuen Vögel aus dem Ostindischen Archipel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/102/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavirictus orientalis"],["17350","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga albonotata","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.33","Scrub Honeyeater","Scrub Honeyeater","Scrub Honeyeater",null,null,"foothills of southern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22703993","scrhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrhon1","avibase-880E4134",null,null,"Naiabui, Hall Sound, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/39/mode/1up","Ptilotis albonotata"],["17351","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga gracilis","(Gould, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.217","Graceful Honeyeater","Graceful Honeyeater","Graceful Honeyeater",null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia (western Torres Strait islands and eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155108940","grahon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grahon2","avibase-E3A3BDB4",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","Additions to the List of the Avifauna of Australia, with Descriptions of Three New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/287/mode/1up","Ptilotis gracilis"],["17352","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Meliphaga imitatrix","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.403","Cryptic Honeyeater","Cryptic Honeyeater","Cryptic Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern Australia (southeastern Cape York Peninsula to Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155109013","grahon5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grahon5","avibase-430D8437",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/427/mode/1up","Ptilotis gracilis imitatrix"],["17353","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Purnella","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gliciphila albifrons [Gould, 1841]; type by original designation",null,"New genera","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/129/mode/1up","Purnella"],["17354","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Purnella albifrons","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.160","White-fronted Honeyeater","White-fronted Honeyeater","White-fronted Honeyeater",null,null,"Australia (excluding tropical north, moist east, southeast and southwest, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704372","whfhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfhon1","avibase-D1C0ED04",null,null,"Western Australia [= York District, southern Western Australia].","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/886/mode/1up","Glyciphila albifrons"],["17355","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lichenostomus occidentalis [Cabanis, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/135/mode/1up","Lichenostomus"],["17356","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus cratitius","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.160","Purple-gaped Honeyeater","Purple-gaped Honeyeater","Purple-gaped Honeyeater",null,null,"southwestern and south-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704079","pughon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pughon1","avibase-D2F157E4",null,null,"interior of South Australia and Kangaroo Island [= Upper Torrens] .","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/886/mode/1up","Ptilotis cratitius"],["17357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus cratitius occidentalis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Australia (Stirling Ranges, southwestern Australia eastward to Eyre Peninsula, Yorke Peninsula, Mount Lofty Ranges to northwestern Victoria, and Bendigo region, central Victoria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-785DB373",null,null,"Western Australia; restricted to Albany by Mathews, 1930, ; emended to Wongan Hills by Meise, 1951, Emu, 51, p. 149.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/135/mode/1up","Lichenostomus occidentalis"],["17358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus cratitius cratitius","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (off South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73951EE5",null,null,"interior of South Australia and Kangaroo Island [= Upper Torrens] .","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/886/mode/1up","Ptilotis cratitius"],["17359","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus melanops","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xl","Yellow-tufted Honeyeater","Yellow-tufted Honeyeater","Yellow-tufted Honeyeater",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704076","yethon3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yethon3","avibase-6409E246",null,null,"Nova Hollandia ; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 408.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/46/mode/1up","Turdus melanops"],["17360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus melanops meltoni","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Blackdown Tablelands, central Queensland through New South Wales west of the Great Dividing Range to Mount Gambier, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35103378",null,null,"Melton, Victoria.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/432/mode/1up","Ptilotis melanops meltoni"],["17361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus melanops melanops","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xl",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (Grafton to Jervis Bay, central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEB33CAC",null,null,"Nova Hollandia ; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 408.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/46/mode/1up","Turdus melanops"],["17362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus melanops gippslandicus","(Wakefield, 1958)","The Emu 58 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Gippsland, southeastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5B776A3",null,null,"Gooding, Serpentine Ck , Victoria,  18 Nov. 1956  (cf. https://biocache.ala.org.au/occurrences/76439c75-e40c-412b-a24f-b15c59803e60)","The Yellow-tufted Honeyeater with a description of a new subspecies","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU958163","Meliphaga melanops gippslandica"],["17363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Lichenostomus melanops cassidix","(Gould, 1867)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl., pt4 pl.[39]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve, south-central Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C29F7C7",null,null,"Western Port, Victoria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/167/mode/1up","Ptilotis cassidix"],["17364","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.230",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melithreptus virescens [Vieillot, 1817]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Gavicalis"],["17365","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis versicolor","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.136","Varied Honeyeater","Varied Honeyeater","Varied Honeyeater",null,null,"coastal New Guinea and satellite islands, and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704055","varhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varhon1","avibase-3C570F2E",null,null,"'North coast of Australia' [by error = Cape York, northern Queensland, cf . de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 226].","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/288/mode/1up","Ptilotis versicolor"],["17366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis versicolor sonoroides","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"western Papuan islands and Yapen through northern New Guinea including Milne Bay islands and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC26E7F7",null,null,"Waigeu Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/540/mode/1up","Ptilotis sonoroides"],["17367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis versicolor versicolor","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern New Guinea from Merauke eastward at least to Port Moresby and probably farther (to Milne Bay), islands of Torres Strait (including Boigu, Saibai, Daru, Yam and Possession), and northeastern Australia southward in coastal northeastern Queensland (including islands of Great Barrier Reef) to Townsville.",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73F99280",null,null,"'North coast of Australia' [by error = Cape York, northern Queensland, cf . de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 226].","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/288/mode/1up","Ptilotis versicolor"],["17368","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis fasciogularis","(Gould, 1854)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.236 p.285","Mangrove Honeyeater","Mangrove Honeyeater","Mangrove Honeyeater",null,null,"coastal eastern Australia (Townsville, Queensland southward to Clarence River, New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704058","manhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manhon1","avibase-EEC32D82",null,null,"Mangrove Island, Moreton Bay, Queensland.","Descriptions of a new species of Ptilotis and a new species of Eöpsaltria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/345/mode/1up","Ptilotis fasciogularis"],["17369","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis virescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.329","Singing Honeyeater","Singing Honeyeater","Singing Honeyeater",null,null,"Australia (except northeastern, southeastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704061","sinhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinhon1","avibase-ADF91F60",null,null,"further restricted to Bernier Island by Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 122; cf. also Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 51, p. 69.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/347/mode/1up","Melithreptus virescens"],["17370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis virescens cooperi","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (northern Northern Territory, Tiwi islands, and Groote Eylandt)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44E96842",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/68/mode/1up","Ptilotis sonora cooperi"],["17371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis virescens sonorus","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to northwestern Victoria eastward to Eyre Peninsula and coastally from Coorong to Wilson's Promontory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63F9A927",null,null,"South and Western Australia; restricted to South Australia by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 405; further restricted here to Adelaide.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/886/mode/1up","Ptilotis sonorus"],["17372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis virescens virescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to southwestern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21CCDC55",null,null,"further restricted to Bernier Island by Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 122; cf. also Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 51, p. 69.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/347/mode/1up","Melithreptus virescens"],["17373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Gavicalis virescens forresti","(Ingram, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Australia (Pilbara to Kimberley regions, Western Australia, to northwestern Queensland and Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62191EC9",null,null,"Alexandra, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/142/mode/1up","Ptilotis forresti"],["17374","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.414.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilotis flavescens [Gould, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,"A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/438/mode/1up","Ptilotula"],["17375","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula ornata","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.72 fig.1","Yellow-plumed Honeyeater","Yellow-plumed Honeyeater","Yellow-plumed Honeyeater",null,null,"southern Australia (southwestern Australia to central New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704094","yephon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yephon1","avibase-E03A81FF",null,null,"Swan River, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/297/mode/1up","Ptilotis ornatus"],["17376","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula penicillata","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.15 fig.1","White-plumed Honeyeater","White-plumed Honeyeater","White-plumed Honeyeater",null,null,"Australia (except northern, southwestern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704097","whphon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whphon1","avibase-CE7BDFB9",null,null,"interior of New South Wales ; restricted to Wagga-Wagga by Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/69/mode/1up","Meliphaga penicillata"],["17377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula penicillata penicillata","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.15 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central Queensland to Mount Lofty Range, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D327239",null,null,"interior of New South Wales ; restricted to Wagga-Wagga by Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/69/mode/1up","Meliphaga penicillata"],["17378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula penicillata leilavalensis","(North, 1899)","Records of the Australian Museum 3 no.5 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (southern Northern Territory, southwestern Queensland, northwestern New South Wales, and northeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1078532",null,null,"Leila Vale Station, Fullerton River, Burke District, northwestern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31166#page/144/mode/1up","Ptilotis leilavalensis"],["17379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula penicillata carteri","(Campbell, 1899)","The Victorian Naturalist 16 no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australia (west-central coast to southwestern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3D3E0D8",null,null,"North- West Cape, middle Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94958#page/15/mode/1up","Ptilotis carteri"],["17380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula penicillata calconi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (southern Kimberley region eastward to upper Victoria River, Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFD5D94D",null,null,"Mungi, northern Western Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/437/mode/1up","Ptilotis penicillata calconi"],["17381","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula fusca","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.26 fig.3","Fuscous Honeyeater","Fuscous Honeyeater","Fuscous Honeyeater",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704088","fushon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fushon1","avibase-34CC9FA8",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/113/mode/1up","Meliphaga fusca"],["17382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula fusca subgermana","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to about Sarina, eastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEB6B4E6",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/435/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavescens subgermana"],["17383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula fusca fusca","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.26 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Rockhampton, Queensland southward to Grampians, southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-883B456C",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/113/mode/1up","Meliphaga fusca"],["17384","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula flavescens","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144","Yellow-tinted Honeyeater","Yellow-tinted Honeyeater","Yellow-tinted Honeyeater",null,null,"southern coast of southeastern New Guinea and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704085","yethon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yethon2","avibase-479EEC16",null,null,"'North-West coast of Australia,' restricted to Derby by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 411.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavescens"],["17385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula flavescens flavescens","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to western Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F13D680",null,null,"'North-West coast of Australia,' restricted to Derby by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 411.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavescens"],["17386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula flavescens melvillensis","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea and north-central Australia (northern Northern Territory, Tiwi islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89786FFD",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/68/mode/1up","Ptilotis flavescens melvillensis"],["17387","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula keartlandi","(North, 1895)","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.3 p.340","Grey-headed Honeyeater","Gray-headed Honeyeater","Grey-headed Honeyeater",null,null,"semiarid northern Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia, eastward to northwestern and central Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704082","gyhhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhhon1","avibase-BEA249CC",null,null,"McMinns' Range, central Australia.","Preliminary Descriptions of a new Genus and of five new Species of Central Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/388/mode/1up","Ptilotis keartlandi"],["17388","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula plumula","(Gould, 1841)","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.2) pl.40, with text","Grey-fronted Honeyeater","Gray-fronted Honeyeater","Grey-fronted Honeyeater",null,null,"Australia (except northwestern, coastal eastern, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704091","gyfhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyfhon1","avibase-699EC869",null,null,"'Western Australia [= York district, Western Australia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/173/mode/1up","Ptilotis plumulus"],["17389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula plumula plumula","(Gould, 1841)","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.2) pl.40, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Australia (Sandstone, southern Western Australia northeastward to southern Northern Territory and southeastward to Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3928509F",null,null,"'Western Australia [= York district, Western Australia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/173/mode/1up","Ptilotis plumulus"],["17390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula plumula planasi","(Campbell, 1910)","The Emu 10 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (southern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-242EE3C5",null,null,"Napier Broome Bay, northern Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84566#page/220/mode/1up","Ptilotis planasi"],["17391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Ptilotula plumula graingeri","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (central Queensland, central New South Wales, southeastern New South Wales, northwestern Victoria, and eastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3139DB7E",null,null,"Mt. Grainger, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/127/mode/1up","Ptilotis chrysotis graingeri"],["17392","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Caligavis","Iredale, 1956","Birds of New Guinea 2 p.150.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilotis obscura [De Vis, 1897]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Caligavis"],["17393","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Caligavis chrysops","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.liv","Yellow-faced Honeyeater","Yellow-faced Honeyeater","Yellow-faced Honeyeater",null,null,"southern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704052","yefhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefhon1","avibase-C6170551",null,null,"Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 406; cf. Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/60/mode/1up","Sylvia chrysops"],["17394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Caligavis chrysops barroni","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (upland Wet Tropics region to Blackdown Tableland, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60BD3330",null,null,"Cairns, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/430/mode/1up","Ptilotis chrysops barroni"],["17395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Caligavis chrysops chrysops","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.liv",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to southern Victoria and southeastern South Australia); southern birds winter to central Queensland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB028A49",null,null,"Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 406; cf. Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/60/mode/1up","Sylvia chrysops"],["17396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Caligavis chrysops samueli","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (southern Flinders Ranges to Mount Lofty Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8BE284B",null,null,"Eyre's Peninsula, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/127/mode/1up","Ptilotis chrysops samueli"],["17397","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Caligavis subfrenata","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.948","Black-throated Honeyeater","Black-throated Honeyeater","Black-throated Honeyeater",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704037","blthon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blthon1","avibase-E2D03884",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/954/mode/1up","Ptilotis subfrenata"],["17398","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Caligavis obscura","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.383","Obscure Honeyeater","Obscure Honeyeater","Obscure Honeyeater",null,null,"patchily in hills of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704040","obshon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obshon1","avibase-0A127E98",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley, southeastern New Guinea.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/441/mode/1up","Ptilotis obscura"],["17399","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthagenys","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Acanthagenys rufogularis [Gould, 1838]; type by monotypy","New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/289/mode/1up","Acanthagenys"],["17400","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Acanthagenys rufogularis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.69","Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater","Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater","Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater",null,null,"Australia (excluding tropical north, moist east, southeast, and southwest, and Tasmania but including Melbourne)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704451","spchon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spchon1","avibase-BFB1C22E",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/285/mode/1up","Acanthagenys rufogularis"],["17401","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Anthochaera carunculatus [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 15). = Corvus paradoxus Daudin, 1800. See Opinion 2284 (I.C.Z.N. 2011) [I.C.Z.N., 2011 #12806].",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/329/mode/1up","Anthochaera"],["17402","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera lunulata","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.5","Western Wattlebird","Western Wattlebird","Western Wattlebird",null,null,"southwestern Australia (Kalbarri to Nuytsland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704454","litwat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litwat1","avibase-629C5612",null,null,"Swan River, southern Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/307/mode/1up","Anthochaera lunulata"],["17403","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera chrysoptera","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxiii","Little Wattlebird","Little Wattlebird","Little Wattlebird",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704460","bruwat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bruwat1","avibase-04A7ABB7",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/39/mode/1up","Merops chrysopterus"],["17404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera chrysoptera chrysoptera","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxiii",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Australia (Gympie, southeastern Queensland to Mount Lofty Range, southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89C93AD0",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/39/mode/1up","Merops chrysopterus"],["17405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera chrysoptera halmaturina","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E7A8A9E",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/129/mode/1up","Anellobia chrysoptera halmaturina"],["17406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera chrysoptera tasmanica","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and northern Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E7F86DB",null,null,"Tasmania.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/444/mode/1up","Anellobia chrysoptera tasmanica"],["17407","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera phrygia","(Shaw, 1794)","Zoology of New Holland 1 p.13 pl.4","Regent Honeyeater","Regent Honeyeater","Regent Honeyeater",null,null,"southeastern Australia (mostly east-central New South Wales; formerly southeastern Queensland to southeastern South Australia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704415","reghon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reghon1","avibase-1C525B4A",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126030#page/29/mode/1up","Merops phrygius"],["17408","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera paradoxa","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.246 pl.16","Yellow Wattlebird","Yellow Wattlebird","Yellow Wattlebird",null,null,"King Island (western Bass Strait) and Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704469","yelwat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelwat1","avibase-3A72B910",null,null,"Nouvelle Zelande [error = South Tasmania. Cf . Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 84] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/266/mode/1up","Corvus paradoxus"],["17409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera paradoxa paradoxa","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.246 pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16771AB2",null,null,"Nouvelle Zelande [error = South Tasmania. Cf . Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 84] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/266/mode/1up","Corvus paradoxus"],["17410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera paradoxa kingi","(Mathews, 1925)","The birds of Australia 12 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait, southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B082DE5C",null,null,"King Island, Bass Strait.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/261328#page/110/mode/1up","Creadion paradoxus kingi"],["17411","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera carunculata","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.240","Red Wattlebird","Red Wattlebird","Red Wattlebird",null,null,"southern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704466","redwat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redwat1","avibase-F8C0016A",null,null,"New South Wales. Cf. Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 64-65",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/320/mode/1up","Merops carunculata"],["17412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera carunculata carunculata","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Noosa, southeastern Queensland southward to western Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8A47856",null,null,"New South Wales. Cf. Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 64-65",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/320/mode/1up","Merops carunculata"],["17413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera carunculata clelandi","(Mathews, 1923)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 5, no.2-3 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFF4F6FF",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","Additions and corrections to my lists of the Birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/340857#page/8/mode/1up","Coleia carunculata clelandi"],["17414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Anthochaera carunculata woodwardi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.419",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B215E5E5",null,null,"Western Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/443/mode/1up","Anthochaera carunculata woodwardi"],["17415","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Bolemoreus","Nyári & Joseph, 2011","Emu - Austral Ornithology 111.3 (2011) 202-211",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilotis frenata [E.P. Ramsay, 1875]; type by original designation",null,"Systematic dismantlement of Lichenostomus improves the basis for understanding relationships within the honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) and the historical development of Australo-Papuan bird communities.",null,"Bolemoreus"],["17416","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Bolemoreus frenatus","(Ramsay, 1874)","Sydney Mail Aug 15 p.201","Bridled Honeyeater","Bridled Honeyeater","Bridled Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern Australia (upland Wet Tropics region)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704043","brihon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brihon1","avibase-565AF493",null,null,"Australia",null,"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/162483759?searchTerm=%22Ptilotis%20frenata%22&searchLimits=exactPhrase=Ptilotis+frenata","Ptilotis frenata"],["17417","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Bolemoreus hindwoodi","(Longmore & Boles, 1983)","The Emu 83 p.59-65","Eungella Honeyeater","Eungella Honeyeater","Eungella Honeyeater",null,null,"northeastern Australia (breeds Eungella Plateau; winters lower in Clarke-Connors Range, Queensland)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704046","eunhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eunhon1","avibase-A2F32028",null,null,"Massey Creek, Clarke Range, Queensland (21 04' S, 148 35' E).","Description and systematics of the Eungella Honeyeater Meliphaga hindwoodi, a new species of honeyeater from central eastern Queensland, Australia.","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9830059","Meliphaga hindwoodi"],["17418","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Manorina viridis [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation = Turdus melanophrys Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/252/mode/1up","Manorina"],["17419","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina melanophrys","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlii","Bell Miner","Bell Miner","Bell Miner",null,null,"southeastern Australia (Maryborough, southeastern Queensland southward to central southern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704430","belmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belmin1","avibase-7E6D62E4",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/48/mode/1up","Turdus melanophrys"],["17420","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina melanocephala","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxviii","Noisy Miner","Noisy Miner","Noisy Miner",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704433","noimin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noimin1","avibase-585D688F",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/34/mode/1up","Gracula melanocephala"],["17421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina melanocephala titaniota","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D671FE5",null,null,"47 km W of Fairview Station, south Cape York Peninsula [Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Manorina melanocephala titaniota"],["17422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina melanocephala melanocephala","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxviii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southern New South Wales to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-807D8CBF",null,null,"Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/34/mode/1up","Gracula melanocephala"],["17423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina melanocephala leachi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6175C913",null,null,"Tasmania.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/441/mode/1up","Myzantha melanocephala leachi"],["17424","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina melanotis","(Wilson, 1911)","The Emu 11 p.124","Black-eared Miner","Black-eared Miner","Black-eared Miner",null,null,"southeastern Australia (Riverland Biosphere Reserve, eastern South Australia, Murray-Sunset National Park, and Annuello Flora and Fauna Reserve, northwestern Victoria)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704441","blemin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blemin1","avibase-7661D9F4",null,null,"Mallee, Victoria.","Description of a New Honey-eater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35756#page/158/mode/1up","Myzantha melanotis"],["17425","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina flavigula","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143","Yellow-throated Miner","Yellow-throated Miner","Yellow-throated Miner",null,null,"Australia (except northern Cape York Peninsula, far southeast, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704436","yetmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetmin1","avibase-A2D30980",null,null,"Namoi River, New South Wales.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Myzantha flavigula"],["17426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina flavigula melvillensis","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A2D0071",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/69/mode/1up","Myzantha flavigula melvillensis"],["17427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina flavigula lutea","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B06E75E",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia; restricted to Derby, Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 417. Cf., also, de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 229; and Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Myzantha lutea"],["17428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina flavigula flavigula","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (north-central Queensland to northwestern Victoria and Flinders and Mount Lofty ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EC6C9C1",null,null,"Namoi River, New South Wales.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Myzantha flavigula"],["17429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina flavigula wayensis","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,"inland Australia from Western Australia and Northern Territory (south of Kimberley Division and Arnhem Land and, in south, northwest of inner Wheatbelt) eastward to Murray–Darling Basin (north of Flinders–Grey Ranges) and south of eastern Gulf of Carpentaria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FA995DA",null,null,"Lake Way, Western Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/442/mode/1up","Myzantha flavigula wayensis"],["17430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Manorina flavigula obscura","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Dongara to Esperance, except forested southwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AD2EC8F",null,null,"Western Australia [= Perth, southern Western Australia] .","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/885/mode/1up","Myzantha obscura"],["17431","genus","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.694",null,null,null,"2025-0980","The genus <em>Melionyx </em>(polytypic, including <em>fuscus, princeps</em>, and <em>nouhuysi</em>) is recognized based on multilocus DNA (Marki et al. 2017) and genomic DNA (Andersen et al. 2019; Hay et al. 2022) data. Formerly placed in <em>Melidectes</em>, genetic studies indicate that the two genera are widely paraphyletic.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melidectes torquatus [Sclater, PL, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/836/mode/1up","Melidectes"],["17432","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes torquatus","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.694 pl.55","Ornate Melidectes","Ornate Melidectes","Ornate Melidectes",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704288","ornmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ornmel1","avibase-F945FBE3",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/836/mode/1up","Melidectes torquatus"],["17433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes torquatus torquatus","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.694 pl.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern to west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B84F14A1",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/836/mode/1up","Melidectes torquatus"],["17434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes torquatus polyphonus","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.660",null,null,null,null,null,"inland northeastern New Guinea including Adelbert Mountains, and from Bismarck Range (upper Wahgi region) eastward to Herzog and Kuper ranges",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E2677B7",null,null,"Dawong, Herzog Mountains, NE New Guinea.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Melidectes torquatus polyphonus"],["17435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes torquatus cahni","Mertens, 1923","Senckenbergiana 5 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C304631",null,null,"Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea.","Zur Kenntnis der Vogelfauna von Deutsch-Neuguinea.",null,"Melidectes torquatus cahni"],["17436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes torquatus emilii","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.22 pl.4 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-229F0D54",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/30/mode/1up","Melidectes Emilii"],["17437","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes leucostephes","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.110","Vogelkop Melidectes","Vogelkop Melidectes","Vogelkop Melidectes",null,null,"western New Guinea (Tamrau, Arfak, Fakfak, and Kumawa mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704272","vogmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vogmel1","avibase-2742D234",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/126/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes leucostephes"],["17438","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes ochromelas","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.111","Cinnamon-browed Melidectes","Cinnamon-browed Melidectes","Cinnamon-browed Melidectes",null,null,"patchily in mid-montane northwestern to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704268","cibmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibmel1","avibase-3C5F6124",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/127/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes ochromelas"],["17439","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes foersteri","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.12","Huon Melidectes","Huon Melidectes","Huon Melidectes",null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (montane forest of Huon Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704284","huomel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/huomel1","avibase-9C7768D1",null,null,"Rawlinson Mountains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea.","Description of two new species of Honey-eaters from German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/38/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes foersteri"],["17440","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes rufocrissalis","(Reichenow, 1915)","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.1 p.126","Yellow-browed Melidectes","Yellow-browed Melidectes","Yellow-browed Melidectes",null,null,"montane central and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704280","yebmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebmel1","avibase-B0C5E33C",null,null,"Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/134/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes rufocrissalis"],["17441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes rufocrissalis rufocrissalis","(Reichenow, 1915)","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.1 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Sepik Mountains and central mountain ranges of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D610C67D",null,null,"Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/134/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes rufocrissalis"],["17442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes rufocrissalis thomasi","Diamond, 1969","American Museum Novitates no.2362 p.1-57",null,null,null,null,null,"southern slopes of the eastern highlands of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D36AD341",null,null,"Camp 3, Mt. Karimui, Eastern Highlands District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, 5100 feet; August 17, 1965; J. M. Diamond.","Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the North Coastal Range, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2572/","Melidectes rufocrissalis thomasi"],["17443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes rufocrissalis stresemanni","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.713",null,null,null,null,null,"Herzog Mountains (eastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F500DEE",null,null,"Dawong, Herzog Mountains, NE New Guinea.",null,null,"Melidectes leucostephes stresemanni"],["17444","species","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes belfordi","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.60","Belford's Melidectes","Belford's Melidectes","Belford's Melidectes",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704276","belmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belmel1","avibase-4EB37F7A",null,null,"Mt. Knutsford, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=60","Melirrhophetes belfordi"],["17445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes belfordi joiceyi","(Rothschild, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Weyland Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B198C722",null,null,"Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mountains, western New Guinea.","On some birds from the Weyland Mountains, Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/323/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes belfordi joiceyi"],["17446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes belfordi griseirostris","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Nassau and Snow mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CD0821F",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, eastern Oranje Mountains, southern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/62/mode/1up","Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris"],["17447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes belfordi schraderensis","Gilliard & LeCroy, 1968","American Museum Novitates no.2343 p.1-41",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Schrader Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0456DFD",null,null,"Mt. Kominhim, 8300 ft., Schrader Mountains, Territory of New Guinea","Birds of the Schrader Mountain region, New Guinea : results of the American Museum of Natural History expedition to New Guinea in 1964.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2553/","Melidectes belfordi schraderensis"],["17448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes belfordi belfordi","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands and higher mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8D986A1",null,null,"Mt. Knutsford, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=60","Melirrhophetes belfordi"],["17449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Meliphagidae","Honeyeaters","Melidectes belfordi brassi","Mayr & Rand, 1936","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 21, heft 2 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"lower mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6972DCF0",null,null,"Mt. Tafa, ostl. abhang 2,000 m., Central Division, New Guinea.","Neue Unterarten von Vögeln aus Neu-Guinea.",null,"Melidectes leucostephes brassi"],["17450","family","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonychidae",null,null,"Logrunners and Chowchilla","Logrunners","Logrunners",null,null,null,null,null,null,"orthon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orthon1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17451","genus","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LVXXXI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Orthonyx temminckii [Ranzani, 1822]; type by subsequent monotypy (Ranzani, 1822, Elementi di Zoologia, 3, p. 19).   ",null,null,null,"Orthonyx"],["17452","species","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx temminckii","Ranzani, 1822","Elementi di Zoologia 3, pt.3 p.19","Australian Logrunner","Australian Logrunner","Australian Logrunner",null,null,"eastern Australia (Noosa, southeastern Queensland, to Nowra, southern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734309","soulog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soulog1","avibase-C6BB3E17",null,null,"Oceanica ; restricted to Hat Hill, near Nowra, New South Wales, ex Vigors and Horsfield,",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=8KA-AAAAcAAJ&vq=nascia&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q=Orthonyx%20Temminckii&f=false","Orthonyx Temminckii"],["17453","species","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx spaldingii","Ramsay, 1868","The Sydney Morning Herald p.4","Chowchilla","Chowchilla","Chowchilla",null,null,"east-central and southeastern Cape York Peninsula, northeastern Queensland (northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704977","chowch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chowch1","avibase-A738F49A",null,null,"northeastern coast of Australia.","On certain New and Rare Species of Birds found at Rockingham Bay, Queensland.","https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/28609658?searchTerm=Ramsay%20AND%20%22spaldingii%22&searchLimits=exactPhrase=spaldingii","Orthonix spaldingii"],["17454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx spaldingii melasmenus","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region north of Black Mountain, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E6E0931",null,null,"Mt Finnigan, 2600 feet [Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Orthonyx spaldingii melasmenus"],["17455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx spaldingii spaldingii","Ramsay, 1868","The Sydney Morning Herald p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region south of Black Mountain, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA324849",null,null,"northeastern coast of Australia.","On certain New and Rare Species of Birds found at Rockingham Bay, Queensland.","https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/28609658?searchTerm=Ramsay%20AND%20%22spaldingii%22&searchLimits=exactPhrase=spaldingii","Orthonix spaldingii"],["17456","species","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx novaeguineae","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.83","Papuan Logrunner","Papuan Logrunner","Papuan Logrunner",null,null,"montane northwestern to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732582","norlog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norlog1","avibase-47D76046",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/101/mode/1up","Orthonyx Novae Guineae"],["17457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx novaeguineae novaeguineae","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak and Tamrau mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44A56243",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/101/mode/1up","Orthonyx Novae Guineae"],["17458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Orthonychidae","Logrunners and Chowchilla","Orthonyx novaeguineae victorianus","van Oort, 1909","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXX, Note XXI p.234-235",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central and eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2940A047",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea.","On New-Guinea birds. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133911#page/258/mode/1up","Orthonyx temminckii victoriana"],["17459","family","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomidae",null,null,"Australasian Babblers","Pseudo-Babblers","Australasian Babblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pomato2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pomato2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17460","genus","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Garritornis","Iredale, 1956","Birds of New Guinea 2 p.79",null,null,null,"2025-0967","Taxon <em>isidorei </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Garritornis </em>based on genetics, supported by differences in plumage, habitat, and nest form. Formerly placed in <em>Pomatostomus</em>, mitochondrial DNA data (Edwards &amp; Wilson 1990) recovered <em>isidorei </em>as a deeply diverged basal lineage.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pomatorhinus isidorei [Lesson, 1827]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Garritornis"],["17461","species","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Garritornis isidorei","(Lesson, 1827)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 50 p.37","Papuan Babbler","Papuan Babbler","Papuan Babbler",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Misool (west Papuan islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704980","negbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/negbab1","avibase-4618793F",null,null,"Dorei Harbor [= Manokwari], northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/43/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus Isidorei"],["17462","genus","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.83",null,null,null,"2025-0967","Taxon <em>isidorei </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Garritornis </em>based on genetics, supported by differences in plumage, habitat, and nest form. Formerly placed in <em>Pomatostomus</em>, mitochondrial DNA data (Edwards &amp; Wilson 1990) recovered <em>isidorei </em>as a deeply diverged basal lineage.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pomatorhinus temporalis [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 45).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/99/mode/1up","Pomatostomus"],["17463","species","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus halli","Cowles, 1964","The Emu 64 p.1","Hall's Babbler","Hall's Babbler","Hall's Babbler",null,null,"east-central Australia (southwestern Queensland southward to northwestern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704989","halbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/halbab1","avibase-EAE93DF4",null,null,"Tyrone estate, 3 miles east of Langlo Crossing, south central Queensland","A new Australian babbler.",null,"Pomatostomus halli"],["17464","species","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus temporalis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.330","Grey-crowned Babbler","Gray-crowned Babbler","Grey-crowned Babbler",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and northern, central, and eastern Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704983","gycbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycbab1","avibase-B783AA95",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay, Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/339/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Temporalis"],["17465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central New Guinea, eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to central Victoria; formerly to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62100450",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay, Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/339/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Temporalis"],["17466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus temporalis rubeculus","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Shark Bay to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F254689",null,null,"'North-west coast of Australia' [= Port Essington, Northern Territory].","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus rubeculus"],["17467","species","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus ruficeps","(Hartlaub, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.316","Chestnut-crowned Babbler","Chestnut-crowned Babbler","Chestnut-crowned Babbler",null,null,"southeastern central Australia (Flinders Ranges to southwestern Queensland and northwestern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704992","chcbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcbab2","avibase-3931158F",null,null,"Adelaide,' South Australia.","Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Pomatorhinus de la Nouvelle-Hollande.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/352/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] ruficeps"],["17468","species","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus superciliosus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.330","White-browed Babbler","White-browed Babbler","White-browed Babbler",null,null,"southern and central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704986","whbbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbab3","avibase-F21DB41D",null,null,"south coast of Australia; here further restricted to Yorke Peninsula, South Australia.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/339/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Superciliosus"],["17469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus superciliosus gilgandra","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to northern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA75BB4B",null,null,"New South Wales ; type locality restricted to Gilgandra (ca. 210 miles northwest of Sydney), by Mathews, 1922, Birds Austr., 9 (1921-1922), p. 265.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/360/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus superciliosus gilgandra"],["17470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus superciliosus superciliosus","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia, to Kalbarri and Esperance eastward to western New South Wales and western Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8D79181",null,null,"south coast of Australia; here further restricted to Yorke Peninsula, South Australia.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/339/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Superciliosus"],["17471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus superciliosus ashbyi","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Geraldton to Bremer Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90E528ED",null,null,"southern West Australia ; restricted to Broome Hill, by Mathews, 1922, Birds Austr., 9 (1921-1922), p. 265.","Exhibition and description of two new subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/115/mode/1up","Pomatostomus superciliosus ashbyi"],["17472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pomatostomidae","Australasian Babblers","Pomatostomus superciliosus centralis","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (central Western Australia to southwestern Northern Territory and northwestern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B51F18C1",null,null,"Oodnadatta, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Pomatostomus superciliosus centralis"],["17473","family","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosomatidae",null,null,"Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Quail-thrushes and Jewel-babblers","Quail-thrushes and Jewel-babblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cinclo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinclo2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17474","genus","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa","Peters, 1940","The Auk 57, no.1 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Eupetes caerulescens [Temminck, 1836]; type by original designation",null,"A Genus For Eupetes Caerulescens Temminck","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss1/9/","Ptilorrhoa"],["17475","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.690 pl.52","Spotted Jewel-babbler","Spotted Jewel-babbler","Spotted Jewel-babbler",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705366","spjbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spjbab1","avibase-219E9D2D",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/820/mode/1up","Eupetes leucostictus"],["17476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta leucosticta","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.690 pl.52",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Arfak and Tamrau mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CE0545E",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/820/mode/1up","Eupetes leucostictus"],["17477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta mayri","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Wandammen Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41EB2CCE",null,null,"Mount Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains, New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/107/mode/1up","Eupetes leucostictus mayri"],["17478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta centralis","(Mayr, 1936)","American Museum Novitates no.869 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Weyland, Nassau and Snow mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA8FFE0F",null,null,"Weyland Mountains, New Guinea.","New subspecies of birds from the New Guinea region.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3966/","Eupetes leucostictus centralis"],["17479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta sibilans","(Mayr, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.691",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0783DA7D",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Eupetes leucostictus sibilans"],["17480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta menawa","(Diamond, 1969)","American Museum Novitates no.2362 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1453A51",null,null,"Mt Menawa, Bewani Mountains, Sepik District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, 4500 feet","Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the North Coastal Range, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2572/","Eupetes leucostictus menawa"],["17481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta amabilis","(Mayr, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.691",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (Saruwaged Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B609C2F",null,null,"Junzaing [lat. 6° 23' S., long. 147° 3r E.], NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Eupetes leucostictus amabilis"],["17482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa leucosticta loriae","(Salvadori, 1896)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2085219",null,null,"Moroka [lat. 9° 24' S., long. 147° 32' E.], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/110/mode/1up","Eupetes loriae"],["17483","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa urrissia","Woxvold, Gamui, Legra et al., 2026","Ibis 168 p.431-450","Hooded Jewel-babbler","Hooded Jewel-babbler",null,"2026-079","Ptilorrhoa urrissia is recognized as a new species based on the photographic evidence and description provided by Woxvold et al. (2026) which demonstrate differences in plumage and calls from other <em>Ptilorrhoa</em> including syntopic <em>P. castanonota</em>. Although no specimen is available, the authors appear to have met all the required ICZN criteria for such a circumstance. Further research of this apparently rare and elusive species is desirable.","forested karst of Iagifu Ridge, Agogo Range, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,"hoojeb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoojeb1","avibase-028B045E",null,null,"Iagifu Ridge (6.44°S, 143.22°E; alt. 1400 m), c. 9.5 km southwest of Lake Kutubu in Nipa-Kutubu District, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea","A new species of jewel-babbler (Cinclosomatidae: Ptilorrhoa) from the Southern Fold Mountains of Papua New Guinea. Ibis 168:431–450","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ibi.70016","Ptilorrhoa urrissia"],["17484","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa caerulescens","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.2 pl.574","Northern Blue Jewel-babbler","Northern Blue Jewel-babbler",null,"2026-081","Ptilorrhoa nigricrissus is treated as a species separate from <em>P. caerulescens</em> based on genetics, vocalizations, and ecology. Although phenotypically very similar, <em>P. nigricrissus</em> lacks the distinctive \"hezok\" song of <em>P. c. caerulescens</em> and <em>P. c. neumanni</em> and the two species segregate altitudinally where their ranges come into contact (Diamond et al. 2019), while genomic DNA data (Blom et al. 2025) recovered <em>P. nigricrissus</em> as sister to <em>P. geislerorum</em>.","Raja Ampat Islands (northwest of New Guinea) and western and northern New Guinea",null,null,null,"blujeb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blujeb1","avibase-58639B15",null,null,"Lobo [lat. 3° 45' S., long. 134° 05' E.], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/472/mode/1up","Eupetes caerulescens"],["17485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa caerulescens caerulescens","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.2 pl.574",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Etna Bay), including Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0272843E",null,null,"Lobo [lat. 3° 45' S., long. 134° 05' E.], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/472/mode/1up","Eupetes caerulescens"],["17486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa caerulescens neumanni","(Mayr & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8111C025",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea.","Zoological results of the Denison-Crockett expedition to the South Pacific for the Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia, 1937-1938. Part IV. - Birds from North-west New Guinea.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064287","Eupetes caerulescens neumanni"],["17487","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.966","Chestnut-backed Jewel-babbler","Chestnut-backed Jewel-babbler","Chestnut-backed Jewel-babbler",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705372","cbjbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbjbab1","avibase-BF8E5A32",null,null,"Mount Morait [lat. 0° 45' S., long. 131° 30' E.], 700-1000 ft., New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/972/mode/1up","Eupetes castanonotus"],["17488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota gilliardi","(Greenway, 1966)","American Museum Novitates no.2258 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1A16EEF",null,null,"on the forested summit of Mt. Besar (2800 feet), Batanta, off western New Guinea [West Irian], on June 20, 1964, by E. Thomas Gilliard.","Birds collected on Batanta, off western New Guinea, by E. Thomas Gilliard in 1964.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3275/","Eupetes castanonotus gilliardi"],["17489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota castanonota","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.966",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6C53849",null,null,"Mount Morait [lat. 0° 45' S., long. 131° 30' E.], 700-1000 ft., New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/972/mode/1up","Eupetes castanonotus"],["17490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota saturata","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Nassau Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-121141C6",null,null,"Snow Mountains, New Guinea; type specimen from the Setekwa River, Nassau Range, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 111.","Über einige neue Formen vom Schneegebirge in Neuguinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/173/mode/1up","Eupetes castanonotus saturatus"],["17491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota uropygialis","(Rand, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1074 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (northern slopes of Snow Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E9A4780",null,null,"six kilometers southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 27. Ten new Birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4865/","Eupetes castanonotus uropygialis"],["17492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota buergersi","(Mayr, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.691",null,null,null,null,null,"central New Guinea (Sepik Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BD4D52A",null,null,"Lordberg, Sepik Mountains, NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Eupetes castanonotus bürgersi"],["17493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota par","(Meise, 1930)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (Saruwaged Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19D9B427",null,null,"Sattelberg [lat. 6° 30' S., long. 147° 49' E.], New Guinea.","Eupetes castanonotus par subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0009-0021.pdf#page=9","Eupetes castanonotus par"],["17494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa castanonota pulchra","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED51FBE8",null,null,"the back of the Astrolabe Range, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/333/mode/1up","Eupetes pulcher"],["17495","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa nigricrissus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.36","Southern Blue Jewel-babbler","Southern Blue Jewel-babbler",null,"2026-081","Ptilorrhoa nigricrissus is treated as a species separate from <em>P. caerulescens</em> based on genetics, vocalizations, and ecology. Although phenotypically very similar, <em>P. nigricrissus</em> lacks the distinctive \"hezok\" song of <em>P. c. caerulescens</em> and <em>P. c. neumanni</em> and the two species segregate altitudinally where their ranges come into contact (Diamond et al. 2019), while genomic DNA data (Blom et al. 2025) recovered <em>P. nigricrissus</em> as sister to <em>P. geislerorum</em>.","southern New Guinea (Etna Bay to Milne Bay)",null,null,null,"blujeb5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blujeb5","avibase-751C952A",null,null,"Naiabui, Hall Sound, and Fly River, southern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/41/mode/1up","Eupetes nigricrissus"],["17496","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Ptilorrhoa geislerorum","(Meyer, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.199 p.259-260","Brown-headed Jewel-babbler","Dimorphic Jewel-babbler","Dimorphic Jewel-babbler",null,null,"eastern New Guinea (Huon Gulf to Collingwood Bay)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693170","blujeb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blujeb2","avibase-0993C4AE",null,null,"Butaueng [lat. 6° 36' S., long. 147° 51' E.], New Guinea.","Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Vogelfauna von Kaiser Wilhelms-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/273/mode/1up","Eupetes geislerorum"],["17497","genus","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Turdus punctatus [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy = Turdus punctatus Shaw, 1794  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/225/mode/1up","Cinclosoma"],["17498","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma ajax","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.2 pl.573","Painted Quail-thrush","Painted Quail-thrush","Painted Quail-thrush",null,null,"patchily in western, southern, and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705363","paqthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paqthr1","avibase-7D5425AD",null,null,"Lobo [lat. 3° 45' S., long. 134° 05' E.], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/471/mode/1up","Eupetes ajax"],["17499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma ajax ajax","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.2 pl.573",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay to Triton Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-876A1433",null,null,"Lobo [lat. 3° 45' S., long. 134° 05' E.], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/471/mode/1up","Eupetes ajax"],["17500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma ajax alare","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAE41E55",null,null,"Wuroi, Oriomo River, Western Division, Territory of Papua; January 24, 1934 [lat. 8° 50' S., long. 143° 0r E.], New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Cinclosoma ajax alaris"],["17501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma ajax goldiei","(Ramsay, 1879)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.3 p.303-304",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern New Guinea (Hall Sound to Milne Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00947763",null,null,"sixty miles inland from Port Moresby, New Guinea.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/355/mode/1up","Eupetes goldiei"],["17502","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma punctatum","(Shaw, 1794)","Zoology of New Holland 1 p.25 pl.9","Spotted Quail-thrush","Spotted Quail-thrush","Spotted Quail-thrush",null,null,"east-central and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705342","spqthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spqthr1","avibase-07466471",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126030#page/51/mode/1up","Turdus punctatus"],["17503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma punctatum punctatum","(Shaw, 1794)","Zoology of New Holland 1 p.25 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (southwestern Wet Tropics region, Blackdown Tableland, and central Queensland to southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-987302E0",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126030#page/51/mode/1up","Turdus punctatus"],["17504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma punctatum dovei","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ADE5DFF",null,null,"Tasmania-","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/354/mode/1up","Cinclosoma punctatum dovei"],["17505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.418",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly south-central Australia (Mount Lofty Range); extinct, last recorded 1990s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9F22E27",null,null,"Blackwood, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta"],["17506","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma castanotum","Gould, 1840","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.5, no.29 p.117","Chestnut Quail-thrush","Chestnut Quail-thrush",null,"2025-0880","Taxon <em>clarum </em>(including <em>fordianum </em>and <em>morgani</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Cinclosoma castanotum</em> based on genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA (Toon et al. 2012; Dolman &amp; Joseph 2015), multilocus data (Dolman &amp; Joseph 2016), and genomic analyses (McElroy et al. 2020). Although plumages show a leapfrog pattern, the sharp transition between <em>clarum </em>and <em>castanotum </em>in eastern Australia is consistent with the recognition of two species.","southeastern Australia (Yorke Peninsula, southern Flinders Ranges, eastern Mount Lofty Range, northwestern Victoria, and southwestern New South Wales, central New South Wales)",null,null,null,"chequt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chequt1","avibase-602C7CA7",null,null,"Australia; type from the Belts of the Murray, South Australia, fide Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 8 (1840), p. 113.","XV. Information respecting Botanical and Zoological Travellers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/331684#page/139/mode/1up","[Cinclosoma] castanotus"],["17507","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma clarum","Morgan, 1926","South Australian Ornithologist 8 (1925-1926) p.138","Copperback Quail-thrush","Copperback Quail-thrush",null,"2025-0880","Taxon <em>clarum </em>(including <em>fordianum </em>and <em>morgani</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Cinclosoma castanotum</em> based on genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA (Toon et al. 2012; Dolman &amp; Joseph 2015), multilocus data (Dolman &amp; Joseph 2016), and genomic analyses (McElroy et al. 2020). Although plumages show a leapfrog pattern, the sharp transition between <em>clarum </em>and <em>castanotum </em>in eastern Australia is consistent with the recognition of two species.","west-central to south-central Australia",null,null,null,"copqut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copqut1","avibase-CF9BA9D6",null,null,"Wipipippee, ca. five miles east of the southern end of Lake Gairdner, South Australia.","Cinclosoma castanotum clarum (Chestnut-backed Ground-bird). A new subspecies.","https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume8/1926V08P138.pdf","Cinclosoma castanotum clarum"],["17508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma clarum clarum","Morgan, 1926","South Australian Ornithologist 8 (1925-1926) p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"central Australia (southern Northern Territory, northwestern South Australia, eastern Western Australia) intergrading west to Shark Bay and south coast and to the southeast to northern Eyre Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D279D4F1",null,null,"Wipipippee, ca. five miles east of the southern end of Lake Gairdner, South Australia.","Cinclosoma castanotum clarum (Chestnut-backed Ground-bird). A new subspecies.","https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume8/1926V08P138.pdf","Cinclosoma castanotum clarum"],["17509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma clarum fordianum","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (southwestern Western Australia, southwestern coast of South Australia) intergrading to the north and east",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4EB98EB",null,null,"14km N Middini Beach, south WA coast [Western Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Cinclosoma castanotus fordianum"],["17510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma clarum morgani","Condon, 1951","South Australian Ornithologist 20 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Eyre Peninsula and Gawler Ranges) intergrading to the west",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B68211D",null,null,"eighteen miles northwest of Kimba, South Australia.","Notes in the birds of South Australia : occurrence, distribution and taxonomy.","https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume20/1951V20P026.pdf","Cinclosoma castanotum morgani"],["17511","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma castaneothorax","Gould, 1849","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.189 p.139","Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush","Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush","Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush",null,null,"east-central Australia (south-central Queensland and northwestern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693193","cbqthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbqthr1","avibase-476F7031",null,null,"Darling Downs [= upper Dawson River] , Queensland.","Description of a new species of Cinclosoma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/195/mode/1up","Cinclosoma castaneothorax"],["17512","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma marginatum","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.336","Western Quail-thrush","Western Quail-thrush","Western Quail-thrush",null,null,"west-central Australia (Pilbara region southward to Southern Cross, eastward to southwestern Northern Territory)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693208","chbqut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbqut1","avibase-00945758",null,null,"northwestern Australia; error, type locality 'corrected' to northwestern New South Wales, by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasian, pt. 2, p. 558.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/356/mode/1up","Cinclosoma marginatum"],["17513","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma alisteri","Mathews, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.16","Nullarbor Quail-thrush","Nullarbor Quail-thrush","Nullarbor Quail-thrush",null,null,"south-central Australia (Nullarbor Plain, southeastern Western Australia, and southwestern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693230","nulqut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nulqut1","avibase-FD1E20FA",null,null,"Western Australia; type from Waddilinia, Nullarbor Plain, fide Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 488","Exhibition and description of a new species of Ground-bird from West Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/44/mode/1up","Cinclosoma alisteri"],["17514","species","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma cinnamomeum","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.162 p.68","Cinnamon Quail-thrush","Cinnamon Quail-thrush","Cinnamon Quail-thrush",null,null,"southeastern Queensland to northwestern New South Wales, central and northeastern South Australia, and southeastern Northern Territory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693226","ciqthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciqthr1","avibase-BA3865DD",null,null,"Sturt's Depot [29°40'S.], northwestern New South Wales.","Descriptions of six new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/436/mode/1up","Cinclosoma cinnamomeus"],["17515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma cinnamomeum tirariense","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (southeastern Northern Territory, southwestern Queensland to northeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D30A0C6",null,null,"Innamincka Track, 40 road km E of junction with Birdsville Track, SA [South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Cinclosoma cinnamomeum tirariensis"],["17516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclosomatidae","Jewel-babblers and Quail-thrushes","Cinclosoma cinnamomeum cinnamomeum","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.162 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern central Australia (southern Northern Territory and central South Australia; eastern South Australia to northwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FEFED49",null,null,"Sturt's Depot [29°40'S.], northwestern New South Wales.","Descriptions of six new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/436/mode/1up","Cinclosoma cinnamomeus"],["17517","family","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephagidae",null,null,"Cuckooshrikes","Cuckooshrikes","Cuckooshrikes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"campep2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/campep2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17518","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.972",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa miniata [Temminck, 1822]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/534/mode/1up","Pericrocotus"],["17519","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus erythropygius","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.26 p.17","White-bellied Minivet","White-bellied Minivet","White-bellied Minivet",null,null,"Peninsular India (Punjab and Rajasthan to Bihar and Karnataka)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694110","whbmin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbmin3","avibase-47EBC51F",null,null,"Ajanta Hills, Aurangabad District, Hyderabad, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/33/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] erythropygia"],["17520","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus albifrons","Jerdon, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.20-21","Jerdon's Minivet","Jerdon's Minivet","Jerdon's Minivet",null,null,"plains of central Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694114","whbmin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbmin2","avibase-B94D96D9",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Upper Burma.","Notice of some New Species of Birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/44/mode/1up","Pericrocotus albifrons"],["17521","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus igneus","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.309","Fiery Minivet","Fiery Minivet","Fiery Minivet",null,null,"humid forest, woodland, and edge in the Malayan Peninsula from far southern Myanmar and southern Thailand southward to islands off southern Malaysia; in Sumatra (including Simeulue, Nias, and Batu and Mentawai islands), Bangka and Belitung, Borneo, and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706744","fiemin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fiemin1","avibase-A63A4586",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/437/mode/1up","P[ericrocotus] igneus"],["17522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus igneus igneus","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands; Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B06AB6A9",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/437/mode/1up","P[ericrocotus] igneus"],["17523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus igneus trophis","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BA33CDA",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/131/mode/1up","Pericrocotus igneus trophis"],["17524","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.335","Small Minivet","Small Minivet","Small Minivet",null,null,"forest and woodland habitats, mangroves, thorn forest, and scrub from the Indus Valley of Pakistan and northwestern India from southern Kashmir southward to southernmost Peninsular India and Sri Lanka, and eastward through southern Nepal and eastern Assam to north-central Myanmar, thence southward to southern Vietnam and central Malayan Peninsula, in southern Myanmar and Thailand, in Andaman Islands and, highly disjunctly, in Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706741","smamin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smamin1","avibase-B5C1302B",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/339/mode/1up","[Motacilla] cinnamomea"],["17525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus pallidus","Stuart Baker, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan (Indus River valley from Rann of Kutch to Punjab)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02CF137D",null,null,"Larkana, Sind, West Pakistan.","Remarks on some birds and descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/383/mode/1up","Pericrocotus peregrinus pallidus"],["17526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus peregrinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E40EA19",null,null,"no locality; Ambala, Punjab, India, designated by Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 40, p. 114.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/346/mode/1up","[Parus] peregrinus"],["17527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus malabaricus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.1012",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Western Ghats from Belgaum to Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACE14D66",null,null,"Malabar Coast, ex Sonnerat; type locality here restricted to Mahe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/513/mode/1up","[Parus] malabaricus"],["17528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-317F424B",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/339/mode/1up","[Motacilla] cinnamomea"],["17529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus vividus","Stuart Baker, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"central Himalayas eastward through central and southeastern Myanmar and southward to Andaman Islands and northwestern peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D3904C5",null,null,"Ataran River, Amherst District, Tenasserim; type locality restricted to Pabyouk, by Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 37, p. 255.","Remarks on some birds and descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/382/mode/1up","Perecrocotus peregrinus vividus"],["17530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus thai","Deignan, 1947","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37, no.7 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to northern Thailand and Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F87BBB4",null,null,"Amphoe Chom Thong = Ban Luang [lat. 18° 25' N., long. 98° 40' E.], Thailand.","The races of the Minivet Pericrocotus peregrinus (Linnaeus) in southeastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/784/mode/1up","Pericrocotus peregrinus thai"],["17531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus sacerdos","Riley, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.27 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A2E58F6",null,null,"Phum Sambor [lat. 12° 53' N., long. 105° 04' E.], Cambodia.","Six new forms of Birds from Indochina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/155/mode/1up","Pericrocotus peregrinus sacerdos"],["17532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cinnamomeus saturatus","Stuart Baker, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3A2662D",null,null,"western Java.","Remarks on some birds and descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/383/mode/1up","Pericrocotus peregrinus saturatus"],["17533","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.310","Grey-chinned Minivet","Gray-chinned Minivet",null,"2025-1090","Taxon <em>montanus </em>(polytypic, including <em>cinereigula</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Pericrocotus solaris</em> pending further research. Although sometimes treated as a separate species based on plumage, vocal, and genetic differences, compelling demonstrations of vocal differentiation remain lacking, mtDNA divergence (Jønsson et al. 2010a) is borderline, and plumage differences are limited. Future analyses based on a more comprehensive and deeper sampling across these data types may provide support for this split.","humid to moist deciduous forest, elfin scrub, and adjacent clearings from west-central Nepal eastward to eastern Arunachal Pradesh and adjacent southeastern Tibet, eastward to east-central and southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward in Indian hills south of Brahmaputra River to far western Myanmar, central Thailand, and southern Vietnam, and disjunctly in southern Malayan Peninsula in Malaysia and adjacent far southern Thailand, western Sumatra, and northern to central Borneo",null,null,null,"gycmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycmin1","avibase-A3538EDB",null,null,"Darjeeling, Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/438/mode/1up","P[ericrocotus] Solaris"],["17534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris solaris","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Nepal to northwestern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63992F6A",null,null,"Darjeeling, Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/438/mode/1up","P[ericrocotus] Solaris"],["17535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris rubrolimbatus","Salvadori, 1887","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.25 p.515, 582",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAC2C2C2",null,null,"Mount Mooleyit, , Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenasserim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94500#page/521/mode/1up","Pericrocotus rubro-limbatus"],["17536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris montpellieri","La Touche, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (northwestern and central Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82B87015",null,null,"Yangtze Big Bend and 'Chukung to Yangpi', Yunnan.","Description of a new species of Minivet from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/347/mode/1up","Pericrocotus montpellieri"],["17537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris griseogularis","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China to northern Indochina and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0B992C5",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/336/mode/1up","Pericrocotus griseogularis"],["17538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris deignani","Riley, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.11 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA458BF6",null,null,"Peaks of Lang Bian, southern Annam.","Five new forms of Birds from southern Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/67/mode/1up","Pericrocotus Solaris deignani"],["17539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris nassovicus","Deignan, 1938","The Auk 55, no.3 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Thailand and western Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5DE0E44",null,null,"Khao Kuap [lat. 12° 25' N., long. 102° 50' E.], Thailand.","Two new Birds from the Kingdom of Siam.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol55/iss3/13/","Pericrocotus solaris nassovicus"],["17540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris montanus","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malaya and western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0261FBF9",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/211/mode/1up","Pericrocotus montanus"],["17541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus solaris cinereigula","Sharpe, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.192-193",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4D00936",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","On the Ornithology of Northern Borneo. With Notes by John Whitehead. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/222/mode/1up","Pericrocotus cinereigula"],["17542","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus miniatus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.26, vol.3 pl.156","Sunda Minivet","Sunda Minivet","Sunda Minivet",null,null,"highlands of Sumatra and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706763","sunmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunmin1","avibase-5648364D",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/213/mode/1up","Muscicapa miniata"],["17543","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.282","Long-tailed Minivet","Long-tailed Minivet","Long-tailed Minivet",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane broadleaf and pine forest, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward to northeastern China, and southward to northeastern India and northern Thailand, and in south-central Vietnam; northern populations migrate southward to Pakistan, central India, and Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706757","lotmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotmin1","avibase-8F319AD8",null,null,"Hsien Shan, Hupeh Province, China.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/384/mode/1up","Pericrocotus brevirostris ethologus"],["17544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus favillaceus","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Afghanistan and Kashmir to Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1177242E",null,null,"Koolloo (Kulu) Valley, Kangra, East Punjab, India.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/385/mode/1up","Perierocotus brevirostris flavillaceus"],["17545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus laetus","Mayr, 1940","Ibis ser.14, vol.4, no.4 p.717",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal to Sikkim and western Assam (Khasi Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D62C391",null,null,"Jeyluk, Sikkim.","Pericrocotus brevirostris and its Double.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb00032.x","Pericrocotus ethologus laetus"],["17546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus ethologus","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (eastern Assam), northern Myanmar, and central China (Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and southern Shanxi southward to southwestern Gansu, southeastern Qinghai, Yunnan, and Guizhou); nonbreeding to northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam (Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD0E5928",null,null,"Hsien Shan, Hupeh Province, China.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/384/mode/1up","Pericrocotus brevirostris ethologus"],["17547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus yvettae","Bangs, 1921","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 44, art.20 p.583",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar and southern China (western and southwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FDC7B26",null,null,"Ma-li-pa, Kokang State, Burmese Wa States.","The birds of the American Museum of Natural History's Asiatic Zoölogical Expedition of 1916-1917.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1868","Pericrocotus yvettae"],["17548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus mariae","Ripley, 1952","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 50 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southeastern Assam), eastern Bangladesh, and western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DC76588",null,null,"Phek, Naga Hills, Assam.","A collection of birds from the Naga Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186193#page/624/mode/1up","Pericrocotus ethologus mariae"],["17549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus ripponi","Stuart Baker, 1924","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. ed. 2, 7 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Yunnan), eastern Myanmar (Southern Shan State), and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-018D4E0A",null,null,"East of Fort Stedman, Southern Shan States, Burma.",null,null,"Pericrocotus Solaris ripponi"],["17550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus ethologus annamensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-606C26F6",null,null,"Dalat, 5,000 feet, Lang Bian Plateau, Annam.","Description of a new race of Minivet from Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/525/mode/1up","Pericrocotus brevirostris annamensis"],["17551","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus lansbergei","Büttikofer, 1886","Notes from the Leyden Museum 8 p.155 pl.6","Little Minivet","Flores Minivet","Flores Minivet",null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa and Flores)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706747","flomin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flomin1","avibase-B9BAB929",null,null,"Bima, Sumbawa Island.","On a new species of Pericrocotus from Sumbawa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37333#page/167/mode/1up","Pericrocotus Lansbergei"],["17552","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus brevirostris","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.43","Short-billed Minivet","Short-billed Minivet","Short-billed Minivet",null,null,"foothill to montane deciduous, evergreen, and pine forest, and second growth, from Nepal eastward through the Himalayas to central China (including Hainan), and southward to northern Thailand and southern Vietnam; downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706760","shbmin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbmin2","avibase-68CAEE4C",null,null,"Himalayas; type locality restricted to Mussoorie, by Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 40, p. 116, and corrected to 'probably Sikkim foothills', by Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 720.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/57/mode/1up","Muscipeta brevirostris"],["17553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus brevirostris brevirostris","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet, Nepal, and western Assam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0334B84C",null,null,"Himalayas; type locality restricted to Mussoorie, by Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 40, p. 116, and corrected to 'probably Sikkim foothills', by Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 720.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/57/mode/1up","Muscipeta brevirostris"],["17554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus brevirostris affinis","(McClelland, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Sichuan to western Yunnan) to eastern Assam and northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E22DA012",null,null,"Assam ; type locality restricted to Sadiya, by Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 720.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/687/mode/1up","Phoenicornis affinis"],["17555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus brevirostris neglectus","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5, no.3 & 4 p.171, 189-190",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thailand to northern Tenasserim and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ACCE0E0",null,null,"Mulayit Taung and Mitan, Amherst District, Tenasserim [Myanmar]","Remarks on the Genus Pericrocotus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/205/mode/1up","Pericrocotus neglectus"],["17556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus brevirostris anthoides","Stresemann, 1923","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southeastern Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong) to northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28EB2D6D",null,null,"'Drachenkopf', Kwangtung Province, China.","Neue Formen aus Süd-China.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012813","Pericrocotus brevirostris anthoïdes"],["17557","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus","(Forster, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.25 pl.15","Scarlet Minivet",null,"Scarlet Minivet","2025-1089","Taxa in the <em>speciosus </em>group are treated as conspecific with <em>Pericrocotus flammeus</em> pending publication of a comprehensive taxonomic review of this complex incorporating genetic, bioacoustic, and phenotypic analyses. While <em>flammeus </em>is now usually split based on vocal and plumage differences (Rasmussen and Anderton 2005), supported by moderate genomic divergence (McCullough et al. 2022), patterns of diversity are suggestive of multiple species in this complex, with Indonesian <em>siebersi </em>and <em>exul </em>being an especially distinctive group, as are some Philippine taxa, based on plumage, size, and vocalizations, and this issue requires reevaluation for a future version of AviList.","foothill to montane broadleaf and pine forest, and peat-swamp forest, in western peninsular India (southeastern Gujarat southward through the Western Ghats, and southwestern Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka and from northern India eastward to southeastern China, and southward to eastern India, Philippines, Greater Sundas, and Lombok (Indonesia); downslope migration in winter in Himalayas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706766",null,null,"avibase-7F97F882",null,null,"no locality given = Ceylon; cf. Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 341, footnote.",null,"http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ178506502","Muscicapa flammea"],["17558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus flammeus","(Forster, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.25 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"western Peninsular India (southeastern Gujarat southward through the Western Ghats, and southwestern Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu), and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B2C7B12",null,null,"no locality given = Ceylon; cf. Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 341, footnote.",null,"http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ178506502","Muscicapa flammea"],["17559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus siebersi","Rensch, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AAD97B7",null,null,"Mount Gedeh, western Java.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Kleinen Sunda Inseln II. Aus den Ergebnissen der Sunda-Expedition.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0047-0049.pdf","Pericrocotus speciosus siebersi"],["17560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus exul","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.492-493",null,null,null,null,null,"Lombok (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75DB815C",null,null,"Lombok Island.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/592/mode/1up","Pericrocotus exul"],["17561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus andamanensis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D41A552B",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/350/mode/1up","Pericrocotus andamanensis"],["17562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus minythomelas","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue Island (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDA2FA5D",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/132/mode/1up","Pericrocotus andamanensis minythomelas"],["17563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus modiglianii","Salvadori, 1892","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano Island (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7432237",null,null,"Kija-juc and Bua-Bua, Enggano Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/138/mode/1up","Pericrocotus modiglianii"],["17564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus speciosus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Kashmir to eastern Assam); winters northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52BA6D6A",null,null,"India; type locality restricted to 'Himalayas', by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 555, and further restricted to Darjeeling, bjr Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 694.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/385/mode/1up","[Turdus] speciosus"],["17565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus fraterculus","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam south of the Brahmaputra River), northern Myanmar, southern China (Yunnan, Hainan), and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C06F610",null,null,"all woody parts of Hainan","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/266/mode/1up","Pericrocotus fraterculus"],["17566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus fohkiensis","Buturlin, 1910","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 1, no.4 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F4510BD",null,null,"Ashong, Fukien. In Russian.","Fokienskii lichinkoed.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/357/mode/1up","Pericrocotus speciosus fohkiensis"],["17567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus semiruber","Whistler & Kinnear, 1933","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern India (Eastern Ghats) to southern Myanmar, Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC5CCF65",null,null,"Sankrametta, 3,500 feet, South Visakhapatnam District, Andhra.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part IV.","https://ia801301.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalof361219321933bomb&itemPath=%2F8%2Fitems%2Fjournalof361219321933bomb&server=ia801301.us.archive.org&page=n481_w728","Pericrocotus speciosus semiruber"],["17568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus flammifer","Hume, 1875","Stray Feathers 3, no.4 p.320,321,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southwestern Thailand and northern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDA6F873",null,null,"region of the Pak Chan Estuary, Malay Peninsula at lat. 10° N.","A Second List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/351/mode/1up","[Pericrocotus] flammifer"],["17569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus xanthogaster","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Bangka and Belitung islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBC11DAF",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/341/mode/1up","Lanius xanthogaster"],["17570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus insulanus","Deignan, 1946","The Auk 63, no.4 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0C895E3",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","The races of the Scarlet Minivet (Pericrocotus flammeus (Forster)).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol63/iss4/4/","Pericrocotus flammeus insulanus"],["17571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus novus","McGregor, 1904","Bulletin of the Philippine Museum 3 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49FF43B1",null,null,"Irisan, Luzon.","Birds from Benguet Province, Luzon, and from the islands of Lubang, Mindoro, Cuyo, and Cagayancillo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119833#page/45/mode/1up","Pericrocotus novus"],["17572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus leytensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Samar and Leyte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CB0B3B2",null,null,"Leyte.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/19/mode/1up","Pericrocotus Leytensis"],["17573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus johnstoniae","Ogilvie-Grant, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Apo, Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8EE59EC",null,null,"Mount Apo, Mindanao.","On new species from S.E. Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/42/mode/1up","Pericrocotus johnstoniae"],["17574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus gonzalesi","Ripley & Rabor, 1961","Postilla 50 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F160C204",null,null,"Mount Katanglad, Malaybalay, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines","The avifauna of Mount Katanglad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/556/mode/1up","Pericrocotus flammeus gonzalesi"],["17575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus nigroluteus","Parkes, 1981","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36F648CC",null,null,"Sitio Balisong, Barrio Kablon, Tupi, Cotabato Province, Mindanao, 23 February 1962","A substitute name for a Philippine minivet (Pericrocotus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/152/mode/1up","Pericrocotus flammeus nigroluteus"],["17576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus flammeus marchesae","Guillemard, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.2, no.17 p.259 pl.18 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Jolo Group (Sulu Archipelago, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70B836CC",null,null,"Maimbun, Sulu [Jolo] Island, Sulu Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/323/mode/1up","Pericrocotus marchesae"],["17577","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus tegimae","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.597 p.648","Ryukyu Minivet","Ryukyu Minivet","Ryukyu Minivet",null,null,"southern Honshu to Ryukyu Islands (central, southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706738","ryumin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ryumin1","avibase-EB0A9E59",null,null,"Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/662/mode/1up","Pericrocotus tegimae"],["17578","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus cantonensis","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.9 p.42","Swinhoe's Minivet","Brown-rumped Minivet","Brown-rumped Minivet",null,null,"breeds central and southeastern China; winters to Thailand and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706731","brrmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrmin1","avibase-150830DD",null,null,"Canton, China.","Notes on the Ornithology of Hongkong, Macao, and Canton, made during the latter end of February, March, April, and the beginning of May, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/66/mode/1up","Pericrocotus cantonensis"],["17579","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus roseus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.486","Rosy Minivet","Rosy Minivet","Rosy Minivet","2025-1243","Taxon <em>stanfordi</em> has sometimes been recognized as a subspecies of <em>Pericrocotus roseus</em> (e.g., Clements et al. 2019), but has more recently been treated as a hybrid between <em>P. cantonensis</em> and <em>P. roseus</em> (Taylor 2023) and we follow that treatment here.","Himalayas (Afghanistan to southwestern China, Myanmar, and northern India) to southern China, Myanmar, and northwestern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706728","rosmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rosmin1","avibase-C6FB6CF9",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/496/mode/1up","Muscicapa rosea"],["17580","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Pericrocotus divaricatus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.305","Ashy Minivet","Ashy Minivet","Ashy Minivet",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia (southward from central Amurland), northeastern China (mainly Heilongjiang and Jilin), Korean Peninsula, and Japan; non-breeding mainly southeastern Asia, Sumatra, Borneo, and Philippines, and casual to India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706735","ashmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashmin1","avibase-622DB161",null,null,"Singapore.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/337/mode/1up","Lanius divaricatus"],["17581","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.348",null,null,null,"2025-1023","The genus <em>Ceblepyris </em>(polytypic, type species <em>cinereus</em>) is recognized based on the genetic studies of Jønsson et al. (2010b) and McCullough et al. (2022). Both multilocus DNA and genomic data recovered <em>Ceblepyris </em>as a clade, deeply diverged from other species in the genus <em>Coracina</em>. Further research needed to clarify the status of <em>Ceblepyris cucullatus</em> as a full species, or as a subspecies of <em>C. cinereus</em>; genetic data for this taxon are lacking.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa cana [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4, p. 23). = Muscicapa cinerea Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/390/mode/1up","Ceblepyris"],["17582","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris cucullatus","(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.221","Comoro Cuckooshrike","Comoro Cuckooshrike","Comoro Cuckooshrike",null,null,"montane western and west-central Comoros",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694489","ashcus3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashcus3","avibase-13D917BC",null,null,"Grand Comoro Island.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/227/mode/1up","Graucalus cucullatus"],["17583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris cucullatus cucullatus","(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros (Grande Comore)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF736833",null,null,"Grand Comoro Island.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/227/mode/1up","Graucalus cucullatus"],["17584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris cucullatus moheliensis","(Benson, 1960)","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros (Mohéli)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F75B103E",null,null,"Bandamale, Moheli, at 700 metres, 25 September 195","The birds of the Comoro Islands: Results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition, 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Coracina cinerea moheliensis"],["17585","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris cinereus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.171","Madagascar Cuckooshrike","Madagascar Cuckooshrike","Madagascar Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Madagascar (except central)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694485","ashcus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashcus2","avibase-F7C76528",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/191/mode/1up","Muscicapa cinerea"],["17586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris cinereus cinereus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern and eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55DF902D",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/191/mode/1up","Muscicapa cinerea"],["17587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris cinereus pallidus","(Delacour, 1931)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"arid central, western and southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3B79869",null,null,"Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/504/mode/1up","Coracina cinerea pallida"],["17588","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris graueri","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.11","Grauer's Cuckooshrike","Grauer's Cuckooshrike","Grauer's Cuckooshrike",null,null,"patchy in foothill forest of western Albertine Rift Mountains of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706553","gracus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gracus1","avibase-A6C2DC31",null,null,"90 kilometers west of Lake Edward, Belgian Congo.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/383/mode/1up","Coracina graueri"],["17589","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris pectoralis","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.4 pl.57, with text","White-breasted Cuckooshrike","White-breasted Cuckooshrike","White-breasted Cuckooshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf forest, including miombo and mopane woodland, savanna woodland, and acacia groves, from Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan and eastern Ethiopia, and southward, avoiding rainforest, to northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa; some seasonal wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706538","whbcus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcus2","avibase-6E682612",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/17/mode/1up","Graucalus pectoralis"],["17590","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris caesius","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.51","Grey Cuckooshrike","Gray Cuckooshrike","Grey Cuckooshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane forest of southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and of Ethiopia, southern South Sudan, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward through eastern Tanzania to southern South Africa; post-breeding downslope altitudinal migrant",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706543","grycus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grycus1","avibase-C7B05F46",null,null,"'Terr. Caffror' = Kaffraria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/71/mode/1up","Ceblepyris caesia"],["17591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris caesius purus","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.121-122",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, Bioko Island and Equatorial Guinea; southeastern Sudan and Ethiopia through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDC149D9",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/153/mode/1up","Graucalus purus"],["17592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Ceblepyris caesius caesius","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and Mozambique to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D1AE3F1",null,null,"'Terr. Caffror' = Kaffraria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/71/mode/1up","Ceblepyris caesia"],["17593","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.37",null,null,null,"2025-1023","The genus <em>Ceblepyris </em>(polytypic, type species <em>cinereus</em>) is recognized based on the genetic studies of Jønsson et al. (2010b) and McCullough et al. (2022). Both multilocus DNA and genomic data recovered <em>Ceblepyris </em>as a clade, deeply diverged from other species in the genus <em>Coracina</em>. Further research needed to clarify the status of <em>Ceblepyris cucullatus</em> as a full species, or as a subspecies of <em>C. cinereus</em>; genetic data for this taxon are lacking.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus papuensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Cabanis, 1851, Museum Heineanum, 1, p. 62). = Corvus papuensis J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f43.item","Coracina"],["17594","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina caeruleogrisea","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.179","Stout-billed Cuckooshrike","Stout-billed Cuckooshrike","Stout-billed Cuckooshrike",null,null,"eastern Halmahera and New Guinea including Yapen and Aru Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706499","stbcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbcus1","avibase-4EA1090D",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/245/mode/1up","Campephaga caeruleogrisea"],["17595","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina longicauda","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.59","Hooded Cuckooshrike","Hooded Cuckooshrike","Hooded Cuckooshrike",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706526","hoocus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoocus1","avibase-B256B785",null,null,"Musgrave Range, 7,000 to 9,000 feet, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=59","Graucalus longicauda"],["17596","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina temminckii","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.191","Cerulean Cuckooshrike","Cerulean Cuckooshrike","Cerulean Cuckooshrike",null,null,"montane Sulawesi (except southwestern peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706502","cercus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cercus1","avibase-DD9CA0A5",null,null,"northern Celebes; type from Gorontalo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/207/mode/1up","Ceblepyris temminckii"],["17597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina temminckii temminckii","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BFC9E57",null,null,"northern Celebes; type from Gorontalo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/207/mode/1up","Ceblepyris temminckii"],["17598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina temminckii rileyi","Meise, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central and southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8289E301",null,null,"Rano Rano, west or northwest of Posso Lakes, Koro River, central Celebes.","Neue Subspezies aus Zentral-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0047-0048.pdf#page=2","Coracina temminckii rileyi"],["17599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina temminckii tonkeana","(Meyer, 1903)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXIII p.187-188",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BE95202",null,null,"Tonkean, Celebes.","Neue Vögel von Celébes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37388#page/229/mode/1up","Graucalus temmincki tonkeanus"],["17600","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina bicolor","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.47, vol.3 pl.278","Pied Cuckooshrike","Pied Cuckooshrike","Pied Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Sangihe, Manterawu, Bangka, Togian, and Banggai islands (off northeast) and Kabaena, Muna, Buton, and Selayar islands (off southeast)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706508","piecus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piecus1","avibase-70E9B911",null,null,"Sumatra, error = northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/59/mode/1up","Ceblepyris bicolor"],["17601","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina maxima","(Rüppell, 1839)","Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte 3 p.28 pl.3","Ground Cuckooshrike","Ground Cuckooshrike","Ground Cuckooshrike",null,null,"mainland Australia (except Cape York Peninsula, wet southwest and southeast, Pilbara region, and western deserts)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706466","grocus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grocus1","avibase-69C99EC0",null,null,"New Holland = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/38/mode/1up","Ceblepyris maxima"],["17602","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata","(Swainson, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.466","Barred Cuckooshrike","Barred Cuckooshrike","Barred Cuckooshrike",null,null,"New Guinea region, eastern Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706511","yeecus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeecus1","avibase-37E84A15",null,null,"Australia = Moreton Bay, Queensland.","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/498/mode/1up","Ceblepyris lineata"],["17603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata axillaris","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.925",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central New Guinea, including Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45FABAB7",null,null,"Mansiman (Mansema), Arfak Mts., New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/931/mode/1up","Graucalus axillaris"],["17604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata maforensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62D65220",null,null,"Mafor [now Numfor].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/420/mode/1up","Campephaga maforensis"],["17605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata sublineata","(Sclater, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.448, pl. XXXVI",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6CA9A3B",null,null,"'Nova Hibernia' = New Ireland.","On a Fourth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and in its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/198/mode/1up","Graucalus sublineatus"],["17606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata nigrifrons","(Tristram, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-708E6086",null,null,"Bugotu, Solomon Islands.","On two small Collections of Birds from Bugotu and Florida, two of the smaller Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/326/mode/1up","Graucalus nigrifrons"],["17607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata ombriosa","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara, New Georgia Group, and Rendova (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-904D748E",null,null,"Gizo, Solomon Islands.","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/278/mode/1up","Graucalus pusillus ombriosus"],["17608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata pusilla","(Ramsay, 1879)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.4, pt.1 p.71-72",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE0F4598",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.","Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands. Part I. - Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30154#page/87/mode/1up","Graucalus pusillus"],["17609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata malaitae","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F62EE1E9",null,null,"Malaita, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Coracina lineata malaitae"],["17610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata makirae","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D754309",null,null,"San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Coracina lineata makirae"],["17611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata gracilis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D97F4CB7",null,null,"Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 13. A systematic list of the Birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Coracina lineata gracilis"],["17612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina lineata lineata","(Swainson, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to Port Macquarie, northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D07DBA1",null,null,"Australia = Moreton Bay, Queensland.","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/498/mode/1up","Ceblepyris lineata"],["17613","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina boyeri","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.283","Boyer's Cuckooshrike","Boyer's Cuckooshrike","Boyer's Cuckooshrike",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706516","boycus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boycus1","avibase-198CCE88",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea; ex Hombron and Jacquinot, 1830-1835, Voy. Pôle Sud, Atlas Zool., pl. 9, fig. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/581/mode/1up","Campephaga Boyeri"],["17614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina boyeri boyeri","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea, including Salawati and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BB59832",null,null,"Triton Bay, New Guinea; ex Hombron and Jacquinot, 1830-1835, Voy. Pôle Sud, Atlas Zool., pl. 9, fig. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/581/mode/1up","Campephaga Boyeri"],["17615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina boyeri subalaris","(Sharpe, 1878)","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6C72943",null,null,"'in Novae Guineae parte meridionale-orientali = Fly River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/98/mode/1up","Graucalus subalaris"],["17616","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina parvula","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.324","Halmahera Cuckooshrike","Halmahera Cuckooshrike","Halmahera Cicadabird","2025-1091","Generic assignments in Campephagidae have been adjusted according to information from multilocus DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) indicating the existence of a deeply-diverged monospecific genus for <em>Celebesica abbotti</em>, the embedment of <em>parvula </em>within <em>Coracina</em>, and the placement of <em>anale, caerulescens,</em> and <em>ostentum </em>(sometimes separated in the genus <em>Analisoma</em>) in a basal position within the genus <em>Edolisoma</em>.","Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706529","halcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/halcus1","avibase-2E37384C",null,null,"Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/338/mode/1up","Graucalus parvulus"],["17617","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina fortis","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.326","Buru Cuckooshrike","Buru Cuckooshrike","Buru Cuckooshrike",null,null,"forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706489","burcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burcus1","avibase-DEDD2225",null,null,"Okki, south coast of Buru Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/340/mode/1up","Graucalus fortis"],["17618","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina personata","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.190","Wallacean Cuckooshrike","Wallacean Cuckooshrike","Wallacean Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Sumbawa to Sermata (Lesser Sundas) and far southern Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706483","walcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/walcus1","avibase-8FDFD55B",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/206/mode/1up","Ceblepyris personata"],["17619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina personata floris","(Sharpe, 1878)","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Komodo, Rinca, Besar, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6EE6815",null,null,"Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/97/mode/1up","Artamides floris"],["17620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina personata alfrediana","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.3 p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lomblen and Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAAC5A89",null,null,"Alor.","On the birds of Lomblen, Pantar, and Alor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/476/mode/1up","Graucalus floris alfredianus"],["17621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina personata sumbensis","(Meyer, 1881)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.765",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-038FB06C",null,null,"Sumba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48128#page/905/mode/1up","Graucalus sumbensis"],["17622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina personata personata","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Rote, Semau, Timor, Wetar, Leti, Moa, and Sermata)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36A26807",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/206/mode/1up","Ceblepyris personata"],["17623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina personata unimoda","(Sclater, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.51, p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena, Larat, and Lutu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E042C3F",null,null,"Larat, Tanimbar Islands.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/105/mode/1up","Artamides unimodus"],["17624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina personata pollens","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (Kai Kecil, Kai Besar, and Add)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9497CF56",null,null,"Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/89/mode/1up","Graucalus pollens"],["17625","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina welchmani","(Tristram, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.294","North Melanesian Cuckooshrike","North Melanesian Cuckooshrike","North Melanesian Cuckooshrike",null,null,"northern and central Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694187","melcus3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melcus3","avibase-0A14231E",null,null,"Bugotu, i.e. Isabel, Solomon Islands.","On two small Collections of Birds from Bugotu and Florida, two of the smaller Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/326/mode/1up","Graucalus (Artamides) welchmani"],["17626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina welchmani bougainvillei","(Mathews, 1928)","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB064D50",null,null,"Bougainville, Solomon Islands.","Bird notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/425/mode/1up","Artamides welchmani bougainvillei"],["17627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina welchmani kulambangrae","Rothschild & Hartert, 1916","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.2 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C728FD3D",null,null,"Kulambangra, Solomon Islands.","On some forms of Coracina (Graculus auct.) from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/311/mode/1up","Coracina welchmani kulambangrae"],["17628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina welchmani welchmani","(Tristram, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Isabel (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21161ED4",null,null,"Bugotu, i.e. Isabel, Solomon Islands.","On two small Collections of Birds from Bugotu and Florida, two of the smaller Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/326/mode/1up","Graucalus (Artamides) welchmani"],["17629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina welchmani amadonis","Cain & Galbraith, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.7 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8ED140C",null,null,"mountains of Guadalcanal.","Five new subspecies from the mountains of Guadalcanal (British Solomon Islands).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/132/mode/1up","Coracina caledonica amadonis"],["17630","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina novaehollandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.814","Black-faced Cuckooshrike","Black-faced Cuckooshrike","Black-faced Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706495","bkfcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfcus1","avibase-EBACA7A4",null,null,"'terra van Diemen' = Adventure Bay, Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/315/mode/1up","Turdus novae Hollandiae"],["17631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina novaehollandiae subpallida","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pilbara region (western Australia); winters to Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-397B45C0",null,null,"midwest Australia; type from Strelley River.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/350/mode/1up","Coracina novaehollandiae subpallida"],["17632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina novaehollandiae melanops","(Latham, 1802)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ Suppl. p.xxiv",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Australian mainland except Pilbara region; winters to Moluccas, Lesser Sundas, New Guinea, and western Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E91E2B5F",null,null,"'in Nova Hollandia' = Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/30/mode/1up","Corvus melanops"],["17633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina novaehollandiae novaehollandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.814",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tasmania and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait); winters eastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09569B73",null,null,"'terra van Diemen' = Adventure Bay, Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/315/mode/1up","Turdus novae Hollandiae"],["17634","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina atriceps","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.190","Moluccan Cuckooshrike","Moluccan Cuckooshrike","Moluccan Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706486","molcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molcus1","avibase-5D9FFA9E",null,null,"Celebes, error = Seram; type from Kaibobo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/206/mode/1up","Ceblepyris atriceps"],["17635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina atriceps atriceps","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C283567D",null,null,"Celebes, error = Seram; type from Kaibobo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/206/mode/1up","Ceblepyris atriceps"],["17636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina atriceps magnirostris","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Ternate, Halmahera, Bacan, and Kasiruta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC8C1EE0",null,null,"Gilolo (=Halmahera).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/552/mode/1up","Graucalus magnirostris"],["17637","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.371","White-bellied Cuckooshrike","White-bellied Cuckooshrike","White-bellied Cuckooshrike","2025-1086","Taxon <em>ingens </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Coracina papuensis</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes afforded monotypic species status based on its heavier bill, much larger size, and darker plumage, but mitochondrial DNA divergence falls within the range of other subspecies sampled (e.g., Fuchs et al. 2007b; Smith &amp; Filardi 2007; Jønsson et al. 2010b) when compiling data across independent studies; further research needed.","Moluccas, northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea region, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706522","whbcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcus1","avibase-FFB094BE",null,null,"New Guinea, restricted to Manokwari by Stresemann, 1913, Journ. f. Orn., 61, p. 604.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/383/mode/1up","Corvus papuensis"],["17638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis papuensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas, eastern Lesser Sundas (Kisar, Luang, and Sermata), lowlands of northern and western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula eastward, in the north, to the Huon Gulf, and in the south to the Lorentz River), including the Raja Ampat Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5850E86",null,null,"New Guinea, restricted to Manokwari by Stresemann, 1913, Journ. f. Orn., 61, p. 604.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/383/mode/1up","Corvus papuensis"],["17639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis angustifrons","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Huon Gulf to Hall Sound)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C91FCD90",null,null,"Naiabui [=Inawabui, September 1875] and Nicura [20 August 1875], [Central Province, Papua New Guinea, 08°42’04”S, 146°37’40”E]; coll. Luigi Maria D’Albertis",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/33/mode/1up","Graucalus angustifrons"],["17640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis louisiadensis","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7BAF18B",null,null,"Sudest Island.","On the birds collected on Sudest Island in the Louisiade Archipelago by Albert S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/548/mode/1up","Graucalus papuensis louisiadensis"],["17641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis oriomo","Mayr & Rand, 1936","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 21, heft 2 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D18A3FB",null,null,"Wuroi, Oriomo River, Western Division, Territory of Papua.","Neue Unterarten von Vögeln aus Neu-Guinea.",null,"Coracina papuensis oriomo"],["17642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis timorlaoensis","(Meyer, 1884)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 Heft p.199, pl. IX, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Banda Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3775BCA7",null,null,"Timorlaut.","Über neue und ungenügend bekannte Vögel im Königl. Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/209/mode/1up","Graucalus timorlaoënsis"],["17643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis hypoleuca","(Gould, 1848)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.16, no.182 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland); populations on Kai Islands (south-east Moluccas) and Aru islands (off southwestern New Guinea) probably this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B3EB9B6",null,null,"Port Essington.","On seven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46216#page/60/mode/1up","Graucalus hypoleucus"],["17644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis apsleyi","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93B2B100",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/60/mode/1up","Coracina hypoleuca apsleyi"],["17645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis artamoides","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.587",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central Queensland to northern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E9C1348",null,null,"Christies Creek road, Mooball State Forest, Tweed Valley, NSW [=New South Wales, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Coracina papuensis artamoides"],["17646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis robusta","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xviii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northern New South Wales to Kingston, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BE7823A",null,null,"'in Nova Hollandia' = Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/24/mode/1up","Lanius robustus"],["17647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis sclaterii","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B9E5258",null,null,"'Nova Hibernia' = New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/339/mode/1up","Graucalus sclaterii"],["17648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis perpallida","Rothschild & Hartert, 1916","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.2 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, and Florida (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E6435B9",null,null,"Bougainville, Solomon Islands.","On some forms of Coracina (Graculus auct.) from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/312/mode/1up","Coracina papuensis perpallida"],["17649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis elegans","(Ramsay, 1881)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.2 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"New Georgia Group, Rendova, and Guadalcanal (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21C5551E",null,null,"Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.","Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands. - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/186/mode/1up","Graucalus elegans"],["17650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis eyerdami","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.16-17",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB86A5B1",null,null,"Malaita, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Coracina papuensis eyerdami"],["17651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina papuensis ingens","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (Manus and Los Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FD80C9B",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/145/mode/1up","Graucalus papuensis ingens"],["17652","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina caledonica","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.367","South Melanesian Cuckooshrike","South Melanesian Cuckooshrike","South Melanesian Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Vanuatu, and New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694177","melcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melcus1","avibase-795072F5",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/379/mode/1up","Corvus caledonicus"],["17653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina caledonica thilenii","(Neumann, 1915)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Espiritu Santo, Malo, and Malakula (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7E08F51",null,null,"Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides.","Neue tropische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/191/mode/1up","Graucalus caledonicus thilenii"],["17654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina caledonica seiuncta","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","The Auk 58, no.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"Erromango (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37B30E1C",null,null,"Erromango, New Hebrides.","A new race of Coracina caledonica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol58/iss2/12/","Coracina caledonica seiuncta"],["17655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina caledonica lifuensis","(Tristram, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.10 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Lifou (Loyalty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65179890",null,null,"Lifu, Loyalty Islands.","Notes on Collections of Birds sent from New Caledonia, from Lifu (one of the Loyalty Islands), and from the New Hebrides by E. L. Layard, C.M.G. &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/228/mode/1up","Graucalus lifuensis"],["17656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina caledonica caledonica","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0256CB76",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/379/mode/1up","Corvus caledonicus"],["17657","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina macei","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.349","Indian Cuckooshrike","Indian Cuckooshrike","Indian Cuckooshrike","2025-1088a","Taxon <em>macei </em>(polytypic, including <em>layardi</em>) is treated as a separate species from the Himalayan and Southeast Asian <em>nipalensis </em>group of cuckooshrikes, now placed within <em>Coracina javensis</em>, based on the more extensive barring below in both sexes, smaller size, and distinctly inflected primary vocalizations (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005; Boesman 2016e).","central and southern India from Uttarakhand eastward to West Bengal and Odisha, and southward to Kerala, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/183458017","larcuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larcuc1","avibase-F6D6E5DB",null,null,"Bengal; restricted to Calcutta by Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 346.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/387/mode/1up","Graucalus Macei"],["17658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina macei macei","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern India from Uttarakhand eastward to West Bengal and Odisha, and southward to Kerala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB686109",null,null,"Bengal; restricted to Calcutta by Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 346.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/387/mode/1up","Graucalus Macei"],["17659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina macei layardi","(Blyth, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.8 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE7DC949",null,null,"southern India and Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/406/mode/1up","Graucalus layardi"],["17660","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina larvata","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.190,note","Sunda Cuckooshrike","Sunda Cuckooshrike","Sunda Cuckooshrike",null,null,"montane Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706470","suncus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suncus1","avibase-F6CD1C79",null,null,"'Java'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/206/mode/1up","Ceblepyris larvata"],["17661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina larvata melanocephala","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-418EF33B",null,null,"'Monte Singalan', Padang Highlands, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/212/mode/1up","Graucalus melanocephalus"],["17662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina larvata larvata","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.190,note",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88ECDB8C",null,null,"'Java'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/206/mode/1up","Ceblepyris larvata"],["17663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina larvata normani","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.438-439",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0037929",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/492/mode/1up","Graucalus normani"],["17664","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina leucopygia","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.354","White-rumped Cuckooshrike","White-rumped Cuckooshrike","White-rumped Cuckooshrike",null,null,"lowlands of Sulawesi and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706519","whrcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrcus1","avibase-48BE10FA",null,null,"Celebes; type from the northern part.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/552/mode/1up","Graucalus leucopygius"],["17665","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina schistacea","(Sharpe, 1878)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.11","Slaty Cuckooshrike","Slaty Cuckooshrike","Slaty Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706479","slacus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slacus1","avibase-AA60C64C",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/29/mode/1up","Artamides schistaceus"],["17666","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina larutensis","(Sharpe, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3 p.435","Malaysian Cuckooshrike","Malaysian Cuckooshrike",null,"2025-1088c","Taxon <em>larutensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Coracina macei</em> and <em>C. javensis</em> based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and ecology (Eaton et al. 2016; Puan et al. 2020); <em>larutensis </em>is the only taxon in this complex restricted to montane forest habitat.","montane forest of peninsular Malaysia",null,null,null,"larcuc3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larcuc3","avibase-7AD69B67",null,null,"Larut Hills, 3,000-4,400 feet, Perak.","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/545/mode/1up","Artamides larutensis"],["17667","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina javensis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.145","Oriental Cuckooshrike","Oriental Cuckooshrike",null,"2025-1088b","The <em>nipalensis </em>group of cuckooshrikes (<em>nipalensis, andamana, siamensis, rexpineti</em>, and <em>larvivora</em>) are treated as subspecies of <em>Coracina javensis</em> based on plumage and vocalizations, supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data. While Pepke et al. (2019) showed nominate <em>javensis </em>and a sample from Thailand (presumably <em>siamensis </em>but designated <em>larvivora</em>) to be weakly differentiated, a comprehensive genetic review of this complex would be informative. In particular, taxon <em>rexpineti</em> differs vocally from the others; further study required.","disjunctly in lowland and foothill open woodland, forest edge, and wooded savanna, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Andaman Islands, northern peninsular Thailand, southern Vietnam, and Java and Bali",null,null,null,"larcuc11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larcuc11","avibase-7B64BB7F",null,null,"'Kepodang-sungu', Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/164/mode/1up","Ceblephyris Javensis"],["17668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina javensis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.327-328",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Himalayas of India to Nepal, Sikkim, and western Assam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F7D3D96",null,null,"Nepal.","On some new species of the Edolian and Ceblepyrine subfamilies of the Laniidae of Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/343/mode/1up","Graucalus nipalensis"],["17669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina javensis andamana","(Neumann, 1915)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-104ED864",null,null,"Port Blair, Andaman Islands.","Neue tropische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/191/mode/1up","Graucalus macei andamanus"],["17670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina javensis larvivora","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1975FF43",null,null,"Mt. Wuchi, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/247/mode/1up","Graucalus macei larvivorus"],["17671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina javensis siamensis","(Stuart Baker, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southeastern Yunnan) to Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AFDC586",null,null,"'Mi-nan Kabun' or 'Kabren' [Krabin River], Siam.","On the species Graucalus macei.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/95/mode/1up","Graucalus macei siamensis"],["17672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina javensis javensis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-932D5947",null,null,"'Kepodang-sungu', Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/164/mode/1up","Ceblephyris Javensis"],["17673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina javensis rexpineti","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.19 p.265-266",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Fujian, Guangdong, and Yunnan) to northern Laos and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4995C6D",null,null,"Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 219.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/295/mode/1up","Graucalus rex-pineti"],["17674","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38","Bar-bellied Cuckooshrike","Bar-bellied Cuckooshrike",null,"2025-1214","The <em>Coracina striata</em> complex is divided into five species based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2010b; Campbell et al. 2016; Boyce et al. 2019), vocalizations, eye color, and plumage: <em>Coracina guillemardi</em> (monotypic); <em>C. mindorensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. panayensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. kochii </em>(polytypic, including <em>boholensis</em>); and <em>C. striata</em> (all other former subspecies). However, comprehensive genomic data with dense taxon sampling, along with rigorous bioacoustic and morphological analyses, are needed to corroborate these preliminary splits and to test for additional species-level diversity. In particular, the status and/or affinities of populations of <em>mindorensis </em>from Tablas and surrounding islands that are possibly vocally divergent, taxon <em>boholensis </em>of the East Visayas which appears to have red eyes like <em>C. panayensis</em>, and the extinct <em>cebuensis</em>, need to be assessed.","lowland and foothill forest, second growth, and scrub, from southern Thailand, Sumatra, and associated islands, and eastward to Borneo and western and northern Philippines (Palawan, Luzon, and related islands)",null,null,null,"babcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babcus1","avibase-38A7045A",null,null,"New Guinea, error = Luzon, Philippines; ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 629.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Corvus striatus"],["17675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata sumatrensis","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2726708B",null,null,"'Sumatra' = western Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/207/mode/1up","Ceblepyris sumatrensis"],["17676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata simalurensis","(Richmond, 1903)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.513-514",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07F1959C",null,null,"'Simalur Island'.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/573/mode/1up","Graucalus simalurensis"],["17677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata babiensis","(Richmond, 1903)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.513",null,null,null,null,null,"Babi Island (off west-central Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7155B77",null,null,"'Pulo Babi'.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/573/mode/1up","Graucalus babiensis"],["17678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata kannegieteri","(Büttikofer, 1896)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XVIII, Note XXI p.175-176",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E7BDACF",null,null,"Nias Island.","On a collection of birds from Nias.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37315#page/187/mode/1up","Artamides Kannegieteri"],["17679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata enganensis","(Salvadori, 1892)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABF8F072",null,null,"Kija-juc and Bua-Bua, Enggano Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/137/mode/1up","Graucalus enganensis"],["17680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata bungurensis","(Hartert, 1894)","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.2 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas and Natuna islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-823F0321",null,null,"Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.","First glimpses of the zoology of the Natuna Islands. II. List of the first collection of birds from the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/515/mode/1up","Graucalus bungurensis"],["17681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata vordermani","(Hartert, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDBC8E0C",null,null,"Kangean Island.","[Descriptions of four new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/290/mode/1up","Graucalus vordermani"],["17682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata difficilis","(Hartert, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.4 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan, Busuanga, and Balabac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2159B955",null,null,"Balabac, Philippine Islands.","List of a second collection of birds from the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/496/mode/1up","Graucalus sumatrensis difficilis"],["17683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata striata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, and Lubang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37F4CCAB",null,null,"New Guinea, error = Luzon, Philippines; ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 629.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Corvus striatus"],["17684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina striata cebuensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1896)","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.535",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Cebu (Philippines); probably extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-248CA8BC",null,null,"Cebu.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part VIII. The Highlands of Negros. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/595/mode/1up","Artamides cebuensis"],["17685","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina mindorensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.14","Mindoro Cuckooshrike","Mindoro Cuckooshrike",null,"2025-1214","The <em>Coracina striata</em> complex is divided into five species based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2010b; Campbell et al. 2016; Boyce et al. 2019), vocalizations, eye color, and plumage: <em>Coracina guillemardi</em> (monotypic); <em>C. mindorensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. panayensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. kochii </em>(polytypic, including <em>boholensis</em>); and <em>C. striata</em> (all other former subspecies). However, comprehensive genomic data with dense taxon sampling, along with rigorous bioacoustic and morphological analyses, are needed to corroborate these preliminary splits and to test for additional species-level diversity. In particular, the status and/or affinities of populations of <em>mindorensis </em>from Tablas and surrounding islands that are possibly vocally divergent, taxon <em>boholensis </em>of the East Visayas which appears to have red eyes like <em>C. panayensis</em>, and the extinct <em>cebuensis</em>, need to be assessed.","west-central Philippines (Mindoro, Libagao, and Tablas)",null,null,null,"babcuc19","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babcuc19","avibase-E35E4F33",null,null,"'Mindoro'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/18/mode/1up","Artamides Mindorensis"],["17686","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina panayensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.14","Visayan Cuckooshrike","Visayan Cuckooshrike","Visayan Cuckooshrike","2025-1214","The <em>Coracina striata</em> complex is divided into five species based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2010b; Campbell et al. 2016; Boyce et al. 2019), vocalizations, eye color, and plumage: <em>Coracina guillemardi</em> (monotypic); <em>C. mindorensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. panayensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. kochii </em>(polytypic, including <em>boholensis</em>); and <em>C. striata</em> (all other former subspecies). However, comprehensive genomic data with dense taxon sampling, along with rigorous bioacoustic and morphological analyses, are needed to corroborate these preliminary splits and to test for additional species-level diversity. In particular, the status and/or affinities of populations of <em>mindorensis </em>from Tablas and surrounding islands that are possibly vocally divergent, taxon <em>boholensis </em>of the East Visayas which appears to have red eyes like <em>C. panayensis</em>, and the extinct <em>cebuensis</em>, need to be assessed.","central Philippines (Panay and Negros, at least formerly Guimaras, Masbate, and Ticao)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694213","babcuc5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babcuc5","avibase-6A0DA75B",null,null,"Guimaras, Panay, Masbate\" = Panay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/18/mode/1up","Artamides Panayensis"],["17687","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina kochii","(Kutter, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.183","Mindanao Cuckooshrike","Mindanao Cuckooshrike",null,"2025-1214","The <em>Coracina striata</em> complex is divided into five species based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2010b; Campbell et al. 2016; Boyce et al. 2019), vocalizations, eye color, and plumage: <em>Coracina guillemardi</em> (monotypic); <em>C. mindorensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. panayensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. kochii </em>(polytypic, including <em>boholensis</em>); and <em>C. striata</em> (all other former subspecies). However, comprehensive genomic data with dense taxon sampling, along with rigorous bioacoustic and morphological analyses, are needed to corroborate these preliminary splits and to test for additional species-level diversity. In particular, the status and/or affinities of populations of <em>mindorensis </em>from Tablas and surrounding islands that are possibly vocally divergent, taxon <em>boholensis </em>of the East Visayas which appears to have red eyes like <em>C. panayensis</em>, and the extinct <em>cebuensis</em>, need to be assessed.","East Visayas and Mindanao group of east-central and southern Philippines",null,null,null,"mincuc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mincuc1","avibase-55C503F3",null,null,"Mindanao.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Graucalus Kochii"],["17688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina kochii kochii","(Kutter, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Nipa, and Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36B81A2C",null,null,"Mindanao.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Graucalus Kochii"],["17689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina kochii boholensis","Rand & Rabor, 1959","Fieldiana Zoology 39 (26) p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Panaon, Calicoan, and Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F242E9A3",null,null,"Sandayong, Sierra Bullones, Bohol. Adult female, collected April 3, 1955, by D. S. Rabor.","Three new birds from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25213#page/8/mode/1up","Coracina striata boholensis"],["17690","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina guillemardi","(Salvadori, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.154,text","Sulu Cuckooshrike","Sulu Cuckooshrike",null,"2025-1214","The <em>Coracina striata</em> complex is divided into five species based on a combination of mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2010b; Campbell et al. 2016; Boyce et al. 2019), vocalizations, eye color, and plumage: <em>Coracina guillemardi</em> (monotypic); <em>C. mindorensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. panayensis</em> (monotypic); <em>C. kochii </em>(polytypic, including <em>boholensis</em>); and <em>C. striata</em> (all other former subspecies). However, comprehensive genomic data with dense taxon sampling, along with rigorous bioacoustic and morphological analyses, are needed to corroborate these preliminary splits and to test for additional species-level diversity. In particular, the status and/or affinities of populations of <em>mindorensis </em>from Tablas and surrounding islands that are possibly vocally divergent, taxon <em>boholensis </em>of the East Visayas which appears to have red eyes like <em>C. panayensis</em>, and the extinct <em>cebuensis</em>, need to be assessed.","Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,"babcuc24","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babcuc24","avibase-0F0AF7E8",null,null,"Lapac, Sulu Archipelago, ex Guillemard, 1885, Proc. Zool Soc. London, p. 258.","On some Papuan, Moluccan, and Sulu Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/194/mode/1up","Graucalus guillemardi"],["17691","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Coracina dobsoni","(Ball, 1872)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.4 p.281","Andaman Cuckooshrike","Andaman Cuckooshrike","Andaman Cuckooshrike",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103694300","andcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andcus1","avibase-DF546828",null,null,"Port Blair, Andaman Islands.","Notes on a collection of Birds made in the Andaman Islands by Assistant Surgeon G. E. Dobson, M. B., during the months of April and May.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/291/mode/1up","Graucalus Dobsoni"],["17692","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lobotos","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.liv fig.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lobotos temminckii [Hartlaub, 1854]; type by subsequent monotypy (Hartlaub, 1854, Journ. f. Ornith., 2, p. 31). = Ceblepyris lobatus Temminck, 1824  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/131/mode/1up","Lobotos"],["17693","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lobotos lobatus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.47, vol.3 pl.279,280","Western Wattled Cuckooshrike","Western Wattled Cuckooshrike","Western Wattled Cuckooshrike",null,null,"lowland Upper Guinea rainforest, open swamp-forest, and managed forest, from eastern Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southwestern Ghana",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706710","ghacus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ghacus1","avibase-7B669DE9",null,null,"Sierra Leone ; error = Gold Coast, by designation of Bannerman, 1939.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/65/mode/1up","Ceblepyris lobatus"],["17694","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lobotos oriolinus","Bates, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.14","Eastern Wattled Cuckooshrike","Eastern Wattled Cuckooshrike","Eastern Wattled Cuckooshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland primary and secondary forest, often near rivers, from southeastern Nigeria eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, and southward to Gabon, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706719","oricus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oricus1","avibase-D75CBDFB",null,null,"Assobam, River Bumba, Cameroons.","On a new species from the interior of Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/282/mode/1up","Lobotus oriolinus"],["17695","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.39,69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Campephaga flava [Vieillot, 1817]; type by monotypy = Campephaga flava Vieillot, 1817",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f45.item","Campephaga"],["17696","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga quiscalina","Finsch, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.18 p.189","Purple-throated Cuckooshrike","Purple-throated Cuckooshrike","Purple-throated Cuckooshrike",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, wooded savanna, and plantations, from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward to southern South Sudan, and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and eastern Tanzanian highlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706705","putcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putcus1","avibase-37D0D696",null,null,"vicinity of Cape-Coast Castle, i. e. Fanti country, Gold Coast.","On a Collection of Birds from the Fantee Country in Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/217/mode/1up","Campephaga quiscalina"],["17697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga quiscalina quiscalina","Finsch, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.18 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Zambia, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E2410F5",null,null,"vicinity of Cape-Coast Castle, i. e. Fanti country, Gold Coast.","On a Collection of Birds from the Fantee Country in Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/217/mode/1up","Campephaga quiscalina"],["17698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga quiscalina martini","Jackson, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9983227C",null,null,"Ravine and Nandi, Kenya.","Description of a new species of Cuckoo-Shrike from British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/42/mode/1up","Campophaga martini"],["17699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga quiscalina muenzneri","Reichenow, 1915","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 no.6 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4AE3BE8",null,null,"Mahenge, Tanganyika.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/101/mode/1up","Campephaga quiscalina munzneri"],["17700","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga phoenicea","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.367","Red-shouldered Cuckooshrike","Red-shouldered Cuckooshrike","Red-shouldered Cuckooshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill wooded grassland, forest patches and edge, gallery forest, juniper woodland, and thickets in savanna, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward, avoiding rainforest, to southern Cameroon, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya; retracts from expanded breeding range to core resident areas post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706700","rescus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rescus1","avibase-439F76D1",null,null,"Africa = Gambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/389/mode/1up","Ampelis phoenicea"],["17701","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga flava","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 10 p.49, pl.164","Black Cuckooshrike","Black Cuckooshrike","Black Cuckooshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill woodland, including acacia, miombo, mopane, and riparian woodland, gardens, and plantations, from South Sudan and southern Ethiopia southward, avoiding rainforest and desert, through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, to eastern and coastal South Africa; nomadic seasonal dispersals",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706695","blkcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkcus1","avibase-F9031A09",null,null,"Terra Caffrorum (Cape) (cf. Cuculus sulphuratus Lichtenstein, 1793)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60111#page/59/mode/1up","Campephaga flava"],["17702","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campephaga petiti","Oustalet, 1884","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.17, no.8 p.1","Petit's Cuckooshrike","Petit's Cuckooshrike","Petit's Cuckooshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane primary and secondary forest, logged forest with dense understory, and forest patches in savanna, from southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon, from southern Gabon to northwestern Angola, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, adjacent southwestern Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706690","petcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/petcus1","avibase-95A02709",null,null,"Landana, Congo","Description d'espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux provenant du Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112108#page/259/mode/1up","Campophaga Petiti"],["17703","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campochaera","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Campephaga sloetii [Schlegel, 1866]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/97/mode/1up","Campochaera"],["17704","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campochaera sloetii","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.253","Golden Cuckooshrike","Golden Cuckooshrike","Golden Cuckooshrike",null,null,"New Guinea (except south-central)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706645","golcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golcus1","avibase-10828E53",null,null,"Seleh, southwestern Cape of the Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/267/mode/1up","Campephaga sloetii"],["17705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campochaera sloetii sloetii","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to the Ramu River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FC1ACA0",null,null,"Seleh, southwestern Cape of the Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/267/mode/1up","Campephaga sloetii"],["17706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Campochaera sloetii flaviceps","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.15 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Mimika River to Port Moresby)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA0E9F34",null,null,"Fly River and Hall Sound, restricted to Fly River by Mayr, 1941.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94472#page/46/mode/1up","Campochaera flavicipitis"],["17707","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Malindangia","Mearns, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 no.5 sect.A p.355",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Malindangia mcgregori [Mearns, 1907]; type by original designation",null,"Descriptions of a new genus and nine new species of Philippines birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/481/mode/1up","Malindangia"],["17708","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Malindangia mcgregori","Mearns, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.355","McGregor's Cuckooshrike","McGregor's Cuckooshrike","McGregor's Cuckooshrike",null,null,"mountains of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706626","mcgcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mcgcus1","avibase-6D80F120",null,null,"Mount Malindang, Mindanao.","Descriptions of a new genus and nine new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/481/mode/1up","Malindangia mcgregori"],["17709","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.973",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus orientalis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Turdus niger J.R. Forster, 1781  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/535/mode/1up","Lalage"],["17710","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage sharpei","Rothschild, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.40","Samoan Triller","Samoan Triller","Samoan Triller",null,null,"Samoa (central Polynesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706684","samtri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samtri1","avibase-16FF90E9",null,null,"Upolu Island, Samoa Group.","[Some remarks on the Lalage of the Samoan Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/72/mode/1up","Lalage sharpei"],["17711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage sharpei sharpei","Rothschild, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Upolu (Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEA89CA8",null,null,"Upolu Island, Samoa Group.","[Some remarks on the Lalage of the Samoan Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/72/mode/1up","Lalage sharpei"],["17712","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage sharpei tenebrosa","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Savai'i (Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F8F1A9E",null,null,"Savaii I., Samoa Group.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage sharpei tenebrosa"],["17713","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.81","Polynesian Triller","Polynesian Triller","Polynesian Triller",null,null,"Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands), northern and central Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, and western Samoa (western and central Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706681","poltri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/poltri1","avibase-2AA040CE",null,null,"Samoa and Fiji; restricted to Upolu, Samoa, by Wetmore, 1925, Ibis, p. 847.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/101/mode/1up","Colluricincla maculosa"],["17714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa ultima","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.11-12",null,null,null,null,null,"Efate (Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-099853AE",null,null,"Efate I., New Hebrides Is.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa ultima"],["17715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa modesta","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Espiritu Santo, Malo, Malakula, Pauuma, Epi, Tongoa, and Emae (northern to central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36A7F64F",null,null,"Pauuma I., New Hebrides Is.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa modesta"],["17716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa melanopygia","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Nendö and Utupua (central Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89332B54",null,null,"Utupua I., Santa Cruz group.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa melanopygia"],["17717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa vanikorensis","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.10-11",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-350C65BF",null,null,"Vanikoro I., Santa Cruz group.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa vanikorensis"],["17718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa soror","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Kadavu (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78064257",null,null,"Kandavu Island, Fiji Is.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa soror"],["17719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa pumila","Neumann, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Viti Levu (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-033E023D",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji Is.","Neue Formen aus Papuasien und Oceanien.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0017-0019.pdf#page=3","Lalage nigra pumila"],["17720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa mixta","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Ovalau and adjacent islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD5D846",null,null,"Ovalau I.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa mixta"],["17721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa woodi","Wetmore, 1925","Ibis ser.12, vol.1, no.4 p.845, pl. XXVI",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Levu, Taveuni, and Oamea (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33196D6C",null,null,"Taveuni Island, Fiji.","A Collection of Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1925.tb02134.x","Lalage woodi"],["17722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa rotumae","Neumann, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Rotuma (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16996444",null,null,"Rotuma Island.","Neue Formen aus Papuasien und Oceanien.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0017-0019.pdf#page=3","Lalage nigra rotumae"],["17723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa nesophila","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Lau Archipelago (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-183B8A17",null,null,"Ongea Levu I., Fiji Is.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa nesophila"],["17724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa tabuensis","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.7-8",null,null,null,null,null,"Ha'apai, Nomuka and Tongatapu (Tonga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E473DB0",null,null,"Tongatabu I., Tonga Is.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa tabuensis"],["17725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa vauana","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Tonga (Vava'u Group)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-496A589C",null,null,"Vavau I., Tonga Is.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa vauana"],["17726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa keppeli","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.6-7",null,null,null,null,null,"Niuatoputapu and Tafahi (far northern Tonga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9EEEB65",null,null,"Keppel I.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa keppeli"],["17727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa futunae","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Futuna and Alofi islands (Wallis and Futuna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA91F041",null,null,"Futuna I.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage maculosa futunae"],["17728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa whitmeei","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Niue Island (central Pacific)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D4632FC",null,null,"Savage I.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/105/mode/1up","Lalage whitmeei"],["17729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage maculosa maculosa","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Samoa (Upolu and Savai'i)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA9343F3",null,null,"Samoa and Fiji; restricted to Upolu, Samoa, by Wetmore, 1925, Ibis, p. 847.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/101/mode/1up","Colluricincla maculosa"],["17730","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopyga","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.3","Long-tailed Triller","Long-tailed Triller","Long-tailed Triller",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands), Vanuatu, and New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706687","lottri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lottri1","avibase-A9CF79A7",null,null,"'New South Wales', error for Norfolk I.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/305/mode/1up","Symmorphus leucopygus"],["17731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopyga affinis","(Tristram, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira and Ugi (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A616C03",null,null,"Makira Harbour, San Cristoval I.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/490/mode/1up","Symmorphus (Lalage) affinis"],["17732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopyga deficiens","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Torres Islands and Banks Group, northern Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54B8B9C5",null,null,"Lo I., Torres Is.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage leucopyga deficiens"],["17733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopyga albiloris","Mayr & Ripley, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1116 p.16-17",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northern Vanuatu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D4158BD",null,null,"Efate I., New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 44. Notes on the genus Lalage Boie.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4791/","Lalage leucopyga albiloris"],["17734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopyga simillima","(Sarasin, 1913)","Nova Caledonia. Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. Recherches scientifiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie et aux iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie 1, Lief. 1 p.28, pl. 2, fig. 9-10",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanna, Erromango, and Aneityum (southern Vanuatu), and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4995B940",null,null,"Loyalty Is.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29836#page/44/mode/1up","Diaphoropterus naevius simillimus"],["17735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopyga montrosieri","Verreaux & des Murs, 1860","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.10 p.431-432",null,null,null,null,null,"Grande Terre (New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF133B4B",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/435/mode/1up","Lalage Montrosieri"],["17736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopyga leucopyga","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Norfolk Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1970s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE5662E3",null,null,"'New South Wales', error for Norfolk I.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/305/mode/1up","Symmorphus leucopygus"],["17737","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage sueurii","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.270","White-shouldered Triller","White-shouldered Triller","White-shouldered Triller",null,null,"eastern Java, Bali, Sulawesi subregion, and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706657","whwtri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwtri2","avibase-3EDA596B",null,null,"New Holland, error = Timor; see Mathews, 1914, Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 104.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/288/mode/1up","Turdus Suerii"],["17738","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage tricolor","(Swainson, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.467","White-winged Triller","White-winged Triller","White-winged Triller",null,null,"eastern New Guinea, southern Torres Strait Islands, and Australia except Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706663","whwtri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwtri1","avibase-DFD1EAF6",null,null,"'Australia'; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1930, Syn. Av. Austral., p. 546.","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/499/mode/1up","Ceblepyris tricolor"],["17739","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage aurea","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.64, vol.2 pl.382","Rufous-bellied Triller","Rufous-bellied Triller","Rufous-bellied Triller",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Ternate, Halmahera, Bacan, Kasiruta, and Obi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706669","rubtri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubtri1","avibase-52BB32BC",null,null,"Timor, error = Ternate; see Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 11.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/395/mode/1up","Ceblepyris aureus"],["17740","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage conjuncta","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.51","Mussau Triller","Mussau Triller","Mussau Triller",null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702904","vartri3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vartri3","avibase-E6314DEC",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Exhibition of some birds from St. Matthias Island and descriptions of some new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/79/mode/1up","Lalage conjuncta"],["17741","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.215","Varied Triller","Varied Triller","Varied Triller",null,null,"Kai Islands, southern New Guinea and satellite islands, Bismarck Archipelago, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702881","vartri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vartri1","avibase-A6062F43",null,null,"Broad Sound, south Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/221/mode/1up","Campephaga Leucomela"],["17742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela keyensis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (Kai Kecil, Kai Besar, and Add)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A037E12",null,null,"Tual, Little Key.","Review of the forms of Lalage karu inhabiting the Papuan subregion, and description of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/341/mode/1up","Lalage karu keyensis"],["17743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela polygrammica","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands and eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB6E361",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/245/mode/1up","Campephaga polygrammica"],["17744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela obscurior","Rothschild & Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago and Trobriand Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEE182E6",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","Review of the forms of Lalage karu inhabiting the Papuan subregion, and description of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/340/mode/1up","Lalage karu obscurior"],["17745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela pallescens","Rothschild & Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7AD226D",null,null,"Sudest.","Review of the forms of Lalage karu inhabiting the Papuan subregion, and description of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/341/mode/1up","Lalage karu pallescens"],["17746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela falsa","Hartert, 1925","Novitates Zoologicae 32, no.2 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain, Umboi, and Duke of York (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7D4D272",null,null,"Duke of York Islands.","A collection of Birds from New Ireland (Neu Mecklenburg).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22601#page/157/mode/1up","Lalage karu falsa"],["17747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela karu","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 pl.12, p.633",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F4F02D5",null,null,"Port Praslin, New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/283/mode/1up","Lanius karu"],["17748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela albidior","Hartert, 1924","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.1 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FA7AEF0",null,null,"New Hanover.","The Birds of New Hanover.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/224/mode/1up","Lalage karu albidior"],["17749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela ottomeyeri","Stresemann, 1933","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 41 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"Lihir Islands (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF607459",null,null,"Lihir.","Neue Vogelrassen von Lihir (Bismarck-Archipel).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_41_0114-0116.pdf","Lalage karu ottomeyeri"],["17750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela tabarensis","Mayr, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Tabar Island (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26418A99",null,null,"Tabar Island, Tabar group.","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Lalage leucomela tabarensis"],["17751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela sumunae","Salomonsen, 1964","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 14, nr. 1, Noona Dan papers no.9 p.18-21",null,null,null,null,null,"Dyaul Island (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B185105C",null,null,"Sumuna, Dyaul Island, Bismark Archipelago","Some remarkable new birds from Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago, with zoogeographical notes.",null,"Lalage leucomela sumunae"],["17752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela macrura","Schodde, 1989","Canberra Bird Notes 13 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (northwestern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECB52733",null,null,"Mitchell Plateau, 29 October 1976, coll. R.E. Johnstone and L.A. Smith.","New subspecies of Australian birds.","http://canberrabirds.org.au/wp-content/canberra-bird-notes/cbnvol13no4.pdf","Lalage leucomela macrura"],["17753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela rufiventris","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (northern Northern Territory, Tiwi islands,and Groote Eylandt)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60859582",null,null,"Raffles Bay, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/581/mode/1up","Campephaga (rufiventris)"],["17754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela yorki","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait islands, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23E41500",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/353/mode/1up","Lalage leucomela yorki"],["17755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucomela leucomela","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central Queensland to Myall Lakes, central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1FEFA20",null,null,"Broad Sound, south Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/221/mode/1up","Campephaga Leucomela"],["17756","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage atrovirens","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.430","Black-browed Triller","Black-browed Triller","Black-browed Triller","2025-1074","Taxon <em>leucoptera </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Lalage atrovirens</em> based on strong differentiation in vocalizations and plumage (e.g., Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016).","northern New Guinea, including Waigeo, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702795","blbtri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtri1","avibase-F385D521",null,null,"Mysol.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/542/mode/1up","Campephaga (Lalage) atrovirens"],["17757","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucoptera","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4, 1873 (1871) p.45","Biak Triller","Biak Triller","Biak Triller","2025-1074","Taxon <em>leucoptera </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Lalage atrovirens</em> based on strong differentiation in vocalizations and plumage (e.g., Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016).","Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702845","bkbtri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbtri2","avibase-1EA7BE48",null,null,"Misori Island (Soek).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/57/mode/1up","Campephaga leucoptera"],["17758","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage moesta","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.55","White-browed Triller","White-browed Triller","Tanimbar Triller",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706672","whbtri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtri1","avibase-A97F6007",null,null,"Tanimbar.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/109/mode/1up","Lalage moesta"],["17759","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melanoleuca","(Blyth, 1861)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 30, no.1 p.97","Black-and-white Triller","Black-and-white Triller",null,"2025-1073","Taxon <em>minor </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Lalage melanoleuca</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a monotypic species based on female plumage, minor size differences, and song, however, plumage differences are subtle and somewhat variable, and vocalizations are incompletely known. Future genomic, bioacoustic, and phenotype data will be needed to evaluate the veracity of a potential split.","Philippines (except West Visayas, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,"bawtri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawtri1","avibase-B0FC9CB8",null,null,"Luzon.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, May and June.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207709#page/109/mode/1up","Pseudolalage melanoleuca"],["17760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melanoleuca melanoleuca","(Blyth, 1861)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 30, no.1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16BE141C",null,null,"Luzon.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, May and June.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207709#page/109/mode/1up","Pseudolalage melanoleuca"],["17761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melanoleuca minor","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1C5A581",null,null,"Mindanao. Type in British Museum from Ayala, Mindanao, cf. Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Islands, 2, p. 368.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/19/mode/1up","Pseudolalage minor"],["17762","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage leucopygialis","Walden, 1872","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 8, pt.2 p.69, pl.8 fig.2","White-rumped Triller","White-rumped Triller","White-rumped Triller",null,null,"Sulawesi subregion and Sula Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706654","whrtri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrtri1","avibase-0F9E0A44",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91390#page/83/mode/1up","Lalage leucopygialis"],["17763","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage nigra","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.41","Pied Triller","Pied Triller","Pied Triller",null,null,"lowland and foothill open woodland, coastal scrub, plantations, gardens, and mangroves from central Nicobar Islands, southern Thailand, Sumatra, western Java, and related islands, and eastward to Borneo and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706651","pietri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pietri1","avibase-84B32303",null,null,"East Indies (Restricted to Singapore by Bangs, 1922 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 65:80. Based on Brisson II p. 284 pl. 31 fig. 3).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[57],%22panX%22:0.519,%22panY%22:0.937,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.204}","Turdus niger"],["17764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage nigra davisoni","Kloss, 1926","Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 4 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB977607",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","The Pied Cuckoo-Shrike.",null,"Lalage nigra davisoni"],["17765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage nigra striga","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and offshore islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F0F0B41",null,null,"Java","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/164/mode/1up","Ceblephyris striga"],["17766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage nigra nigra","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9C08B26",null,null,"East Indies (Restricted to Singapore by Bangs, 1922 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 65:80. Based on Brisson II p. 284 pl. 31 fig. 3).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[57],%22panX%22:0.519,%22panY%22:0.937,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.204}","Turdus niger"],["17767","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage typica","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.75 p.160","Mauritius Cuckooshrike","Mauritius Cuckooshrike","Mauritius Cuckooshrike",null,null,"native forest of Mauritius (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706564","maucus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maucus1","avibase-C9ECEF90",null,null,"Mauritius.","Monographische Studien über die gruppe der Campephaginen. (Schluss; s. November-Heft 1864, S. 435-446.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/172/mode/1up","Oxynotus typicus"],["17768","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage newtoni","(Pollen, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.7 p.278","Reunion Cuckooshrike","Reunion Cuckooshrike","Reunion Cuckooshrike",null,null,"forest of northwestern Réunion (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706569","reucus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reucus1","avibase-8A9B1C25",null,null,"Reunion.","On the Genus Oxynotus of Mauritius and Réunion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/314/mode/1up","Oxynotus newtoni"],["17769","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melanoptera","(Rüppell, 1839)","Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte 3 p.25 pl.2 fig.1","Black-headed Cuckooshrike","Black-headed Cuckooshrike","Black-headed Cuckooshrike",null,null,"breeds southern Kashmir eastward to northeastern India and Bangladesh, and southward to Sri Lanka; northern populations winter to southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706642","bkhcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhcus1","avibase-58BC7F5D",null,null,"New Holland?; error = Bhadwar, Kangra District, Punjab, as fixed by Delacour, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1497, p. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/35/mode/1up","Ceblepyris melanoptera"],["17770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melanoptera melanoptera","(Rüppell, 1839)","Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte 3 p.25 pl.2 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern India (northern Punjab and Uttar Pradesh); winters to Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F7C6B44",null,null,"New Holland?; error = Bhadwar, Kangra District, Punjab, as fixed by Delacour, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1497, p. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172095#page/35/mode/1up","Ceblepyris melanoptera"],["17771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melanoptera sykesi","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.81 p.36,text",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6DAE3F2",null,null,"'vicinity of Calcutta' = Deccan fide Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 77, 87.","VI. Notes on Mr. Blyth's List of Birds from the vicinity of Calcutta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/52/mode/1up","Lalage Sykesi"],["17772","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melaschistos","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.328","Black-winged Cuckooshrike","Black-winged Cuckooshrike","Black-winged Cuckooshrike",null,null,"lowland to submontane broadleaf forest, and bamboo jungle, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to eastern China (including Hainan), and southward to northern Thailand and central Vietnam; northern populations migrate to central India, southern Indochina, and Taiwan, with downslope movement in the Himalayas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706636","bkwcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkwcus1","avibase-FAE71B8F",null,null,"Nepal.","On some new species of the Edolian and Ceblepyrine subfamilies of the Laniidae of Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/344/mode/1up","Volvocivora melaschistos"],["17773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melaschistos melaschistos","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan, Himalayas, and northeastern Indian subcontinent",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-167F0F6D",null,null,"Nepal.","On some new species of the Edolian and Ceblepyrine subfamilies of the Laniidae of Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/344/mode/1up","Volvocivora melaschistos"],["17774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melaschistos avensis","(Blyth, 1852)","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"western China to central and southern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03E3C1EF",null,null,"Arakan [Rakhine State, Myanmar]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48206#page/367/mode/1up","Campephaga avensis"],["17775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melaschistos intermedia","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.3 & 4 p.205,text",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern China and Taiwan; winters to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9E40FA2",null,null,"Tenasserim.","Some remarks on the Indian Species of the Genus Volvocivora.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/221/mode/1up","Volvocivora intermedia"],["17776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage melaschistos saturata","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.242-244",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam and Hainan; winters to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8337977C",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/264/mode/1up","Volvocivora saturata"],["17777","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage polioptera","(Sharpe, 1878)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.69 pl.2","Indochinese Cuckooshrike","Indochinese Cuckooshrike","Indochinese Cuckooshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill open forest, and secondary growth, from southern Myanmar eastward to Vietnam, and southward to north peninsular Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706633","indcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indcus1","avibase-F6CBC088",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/87/mode/1up","Campophaga polioptera"],["17778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage polioptera jabouillei","(Delacour, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1497 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B072D02",null,null,"Pleiku, Kontoum Province, Annam.","The Lesser Graybirds (Coracina) of Asia and Malaysia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4296/","Coracina polioptera jabouillei"],["17779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage polioptera indochinensis","Kloss, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to central Thailand, central Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F274F3D",null,null,"Dran, southern Annam.","Descriptions of two new subspecies from South Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/41/mode/1up","Lalage fimbriata indochinensis"],["17780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage polioptera polioptera","(Sharpe, 1878)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.69 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6A4DD6D",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/87/mode/1up","Campophaga polioptera"],["17781","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage fimbriata","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.42, vol.3 pl.249","Lesser Cuckooshrike","Lesser Cuckooshrike","Lesser Cuckooshrike",null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand to southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, including Simeulue and Siberut, Borneo, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706639","lescus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lescus1","avibase-E501EAB3",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/71/mode/1up","Ceblepyris fimbriatus"],["17782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage fimbriata neglecta","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.3 & 4 p.203-207",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43ECF026",null,null,"extreme south of Tennasserim Penin.","Some remarks on the Indian Species of the Genus Volvocivora.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/219/mode/1up","Volvocivora neglecta"],["17783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage fimbriata culminata","(Hay, 1845)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.157-158",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C88C8DF",null,null,"Malacca.","Descriptions of some supposed New, or Imperfectly Described, Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/459/mode/1up","Ceblepyris Culminatus"],["17784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage fimbriata schierbrandi","(Pelzeln, 1865)","Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil 1, Vögel p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BD51025",null,null,"Borneo.",null,null,"Volvocivora schierbrandii"],["17785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage fimbriata compta","(Richmond, 1903)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.514-515",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue and Siberut islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9511F185",null,null,"Simeulue [Simalur] Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/574/mode/1up","Campephaga compta"],["17786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Lalage fimbriata fimbriata","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.42, vol.3 pl.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06E8A150",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/71/mode/1up","Ceblepyris fimbriatus"],["17787","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Cyanograucalus","Hartlaub, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.51 p.170.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Graucalus azureus [Cassin, 1852]; type by monotypy",null,"Berichtigungen und Zusätze zu meinem „System der Ornithologie Westafrica's.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/186/mode/1up","Cyanograucalus"],["17788","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Cyanograucalus azureus","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.12 p.348","Blue Cuckooshrike","Blue Cuckooshrike","Blue Cuckooshrike",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill primary and mature secondary forest; from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to far western and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706548","blucus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blucus1","avibase-DCFBF7FD",null,null,"'West Africa'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/392/mode/1up","Graucalus azureus"],["17789","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Celebesica","Strand, 1928","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 92, abt.A p.57",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Celebesia abbotti [Riley, 1918]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Celebesica"],["17790","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Celebesica abbotti","Riley, 1918","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.158","Pygmy Cuckooshrike","Pygmy Cuckooshrike","Pygmy Cuckooshrike","2025-1091","Generic assignments in Campephagidae have been adjusted according to information from multilocus DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) indicating the existence of a deeply-diverged monospecific genus for <em>Celebesica abbotti</em>, the embedment of <em>parvula </em>within <em>Coracina</em>, and the placement of <em>anale, caerulescens,</em> and <em>ostentum </em>(sometimes separated in the genus <em>Analisoma</em>) in a basal position within the genus <em>Edolisoma</em>.","high montane forest of northern, central, and southeastern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706532","pygcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygcus1","avibase-84B08BC5",null,null,"Rano-Rano, Celebes.","Two new genera and eight new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/198/mode/1up","Celebesia abbotti"],["17791","genus","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma","Jacquinot & Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Campephaga marescotii [Gray, GR, 1846]; type by original designation = Lanius melas Lesson, 1828",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/73/mode/1up","Edolisoma"],["17792","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma anale","(Verreaux & des Murs, 1860)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.9 p.395","New Caledonian Cuckooshrike","New Caledonian Cuckooshrike","New Caledonian Cicadabird","2025-1091","Generic assignments in Campephagidae have been adjusted according to information from multilocus DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) indicating the existence of a deeply-diverged monospecific genus for <em>Celebesica abbotti</em>, the embedment of <em>parvula </em>within <em>Coracina</em>, and the placement of <em>anale, caerulescens,</em> and <em>ostentum </em>(sometimes separated in the genus <em>Analisoma</em>) in a basal position within the genus <em>Edolisoma</em>.","Grande Terre and Ile des Pins (New Caledonia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706535","neccus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neccus1","avibase-9EDF64A5",null,null,"New Caledonia (Camp de Morari)","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et indication des espèces déjà connues de ce pays.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/399/mode/1up","Campephaga analis"],["17793","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma ostentum","(Ripley, 1952)","The Condor 54, no.6 p.362","White-winged Cuckooshrike","White-winged Cuckooshrike","White-winged Cicadabird","2025-1091","Generic assignments in Campephagidae have been adjusted according to information from multilocus DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) indicating the existence of a deeply-diverged monospecific genus for <em>Celebesica abbotti</em>, the embedment of <em>parvula </em>within <em>Coracina</em>, and the placement of <em>anale, caerulescens,</em> and <em>ostentum </em>(sometimes separated in the genus <em>Analisoma</em>) in a basal position within the genus <em>Edolisoma</em>.","central Philippines (Guimaras, Negros, and Panay)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706629","whwcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwcus1","avibase-E9338134",null,null,"Guimaras and Panay Islands","Additional Comments on Philippine Birds and a New Record from the Archipelago","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol54/iss6/18/","Coracina ostenta"],["17794","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma coerulescens","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.463","Blackish Cuckooshrike","Blackish Cuckooshrike","Blackish Cicadabird","2025-1091","Generic assignments in Campephagidae have been adjusted according to information from multilocus DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) indicating the existence of a deeply-diverged monospecific genus for <em>Celebesica abbotti</em>, the embedment of <em>parvula </em>within <em>Coracina</em>, and the placement of <em>anale, caerulescens,</em> and <em>ostentum </em>(sometimes separated in the genus <em>Analisoma</em>) in a basal position within the genus <em>Edolisoma</em>.","Luzon group and (formerly) Cebu (northern and central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706575","blacus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacus1","avibase-4DE8E18B",null,null,"Luzon.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/515/mode/1up","Ceblepyris coerulescens"],["17795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma coerulescens coerulescens","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (lowlands of Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0BB71A4",null,null,"Luzon.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/515/mode/1up","Ceblepyris coerulescens"],["17796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma coerulescens deschauenseei","(du Pont, 1972)","Nemouria 7 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Marinduque (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36B5DDA2",null,null,"Matabang Bundok, Kilo-Kilo, Santa Cruz, Marinduque, Philippine Islands, 1000-1500 ft. elev.","Notes on Philippine birds (N° 3). Birds of Marinduque.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/187/mode/1up","Coracina coerulescens deschauenseei"],["17797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma coerulescens alterum","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Cebu (central Philippines); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-9168BDDA",null,null,"Cebu.","Descriptions of two new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/66/mode/1up","Edoliosoma alterum"],["17798","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma montanum","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.386","Black-bellied Cuckooshrike","Black-bellied Cicadabird","Black-bellied Cicadabird",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706618","bkbcus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcus2","avibase-419003AD",null,null,"Arfak Mts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/420/mode/1up","Campephaga montona"],["17799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma montanum montanum","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE4CBECC",null,null,"Arfak Mts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/420/mode/1up","Campephaga montona"],["17800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma montanum bicinia","(Diamond, 1969)","American Museum Novitates no.2362 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest in Sepik River region of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE61F8ED",null,null,"Mt. Nibo, Torricelli Mountains, Sepik District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, 2800 ft.","Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the North Coastal Range, New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2572/","Coracina montana bicinia"],["17801","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma schisticeps","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.283","Grey-headed Cuckooshrike","Gray-headed Cicadabird","Grey-headed Cicadabird",null,null,"New Guinea and northwestern and southeastern satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706610","gyhcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhcus1","avibase-3695A802",null,null,"Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/581/mode/1up","Campephaga schisticeps"],["17802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma schisticeps schisticeps","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Salawati and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FCF64DA",null,null,"Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/581/mode/1up","Campephaga schisticeps"],["17803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma schisticeps reichenowi","Neumann, 1917","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 25 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay to Sepik floodplain)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B13BB59",null,null,"Etappenberg, Sepik River district.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35501#page/165/mode/1up","Edoliisoma schisticeps reichenowi"],["17804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma schisticeps poliopsa","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Kapare River to Astrolabe Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48C36E90",null,null,"Moroka district, Astrolabe Mts., southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/332/mode/1up","Edoliisoma poliopsa"],["17805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma schisticeps vittatum","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough and Fergusson, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6891EC2",null,null,"Goodenough Island.","On a collection of birds from Goodenough Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/21/mode/1up","Edolisoma schisticeps vittatum"],["17806","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma dohertyi","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.584","Pale-shouldered Cicadabird","Pale-shouldered Cicadabird","Sumba Cicadabird",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Flores, and Sumba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706584","sumcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumcus1","avibase-A02DF10C",null,null,"Sumba Island.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/636/mode/1up","Edoliosoma dohertyi"],["17807","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma dispar","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.328","Kai Cicadabird","Kai Cicadabird","Kai Cicadabird",null,null,"Seram Laut Islands (Gorong, Manawoka, Maar, and Panjang), Banda, Watubela (Tiur), Tayandu (Manggur), and Kai islands, and eastern Lesser Sundas (Romang, Damar, and Tanimbar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706593","kaicus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kaicus1","avibase-BB94A2F2",null,null,"Kei Bandan, Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/342/mode/1up","Edoliosoma dispar"],["17808","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma timoriense","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.369","Timor Cicadabird","Timor Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","wooded habitats in Tanahjampea and Kalaotoa (off southern Sulawesi, Flores Sea) and Timor, Lembata, and Alor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"timcic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timcic1","avibase-CEA09219",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/103/mode/1up","Edoliisoma timoriensis"],["17809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma timoriense kalaotuae","Meise, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.3 p.461",null,null,null,null,null,"Kalaotoa (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50D8A134",null,null,"Kalao tua.","Die Vögel von Djampea und benachbarten Inseln nach einer Sammlung Baron Plessens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917266","Edolisoma morio kalaotuae"],["17810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma timoriense emancipatum","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.170-171",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC4EB8B1",null,null,"Djampea Island.","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/190/mode/1up","Edoliosoma emancipata"],["17811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma timoriense timoriense","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Lomblen and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98C41883",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/103/mode/1up","Edoliisoma timoriensis"],["17812","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma ceramense","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.355","Pale Cicadabird","Pale Cicadabird","Pale Cicadabird",null,null,"north-central and central Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706604","pagcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pagcus1","avibase-4660517B",null,null,"Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/555/mode/1up","G[raucalus] ceramensis"],["17813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma ceramense ceramense","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Buru, and Boano)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-731CF18C",null,null,"Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/555/mode/1up","G[raucalus] ceramensis"],["17814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma ceramense hoogerwerfi","Jany, 1955","Journal für Ornithologie 96, no.1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B8C43E8",null,null,"Obi, Moluccas.","Neue Vogel-formen von den Nord-Molukken.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01961176","Edolisoma morio hoogerwerfi"],["17815","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma insperatum","(Finsch, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.643-644","Pohnpei Cicadabird","Pohnpei Cicadabird","Pohnpei Cicadabird","2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Pohnpei (Caroline Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702644","cicada3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cicada3","avibase-1B55137E",null,null,"Ponape, Caroline Islands.","Characters of six new Polynesian Birds in the Museum Godeffroy at Hamburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/807/mode/1up","Volvocivora insperata"],["17816","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma mindanense","(Tweeddale, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.4 p.947","Black-bibbed Cicadabird","Black-bibbed Cicadabird","Black-bibbed Cicadabird",null,null,"Philippines (except West Visayas and Palawan group)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706596","bkbcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcus1","avibase-08C10DE8",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett at Zamboanga, in the island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/575/mode/1up","Volvocivora mindanensis"],["17817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma mindanense lecroyae","(Parkes, 1971)","Nemouria 4 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5BE3BF5",null,null,"Lamao, Bataan Province, Luzon, Philippines","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/91/mode/1up","Coracina morio lecroyae"],["17818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma mindanense elusum","McGregor, 1905","Bureau of Government Laboratories 34 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindoro (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E97A667",null,null,"Balete, Rio Baco, Mindoro.","I. Birds from Mindoro and small adjacent islands II. Notes on three Luzon birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120000#page/23/mode/1up","Edoliisoma elusum"],["17819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma mindanense ripleyi","(Parkes, 1971)","Nemouria 4 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Samar, Biliran, and Leyte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76B8A750",null,null,"Barrio Patok, Mt. Lobi, Leyte, Philippines","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/91/mode/1up","Coracina morio ripleyi"],["17820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma mindanense mindanense","(Tweeddale, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.4 p.947",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao and Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE633A23",null,null,"Zamboanga, Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett at Zamboanga, in the island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/575/mode/1up","Volvocivora mindanensis"],["17821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma mindanense everetti","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.12 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Lapac, and Tawitawi, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2662292C",null,null,"Bongao, Sulu Islands.","Four new species from the Sulu Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/108/mode/1up","Edoliisoma everetti"],["17822","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma melas","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 p.128","Black Cicadabird","Black Cicadabird","New Guinea Cicadabird",null,null,"New Guinea and western satellites",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706614","negcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/negcus1","avibase-E3168FD6",null,null,"Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/140/mode/1up","Lanius melas"],["17823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma melas waigeuense","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55565390",null,null,"Waigeu Island.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0013-0018.pdf#page=5","Edolisoma melan waigeuense"],["17824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma melas tommasonis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.2 p.206-207",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A2F5997",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi (=Japen) Island, Geelvink Bay","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Page 116).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/224/mode/1up","Edoliisoma melas tommasonis"],["17825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma melas melas","(Lesson, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Salawati (west Papuan islands) and Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EE1E320",null,null,"Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/140/mode/1up","Lanius melas"],["17826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma melas batantae","Gyldenstolpe & Mayr, 1955","Arkiv för Zoologi 8, no.2 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CABC83E9",null,null,"Wailibit, Batanta Island (W of Vogelkop, New Guinea)","Birds collected by Dr. Sten Bergman during his expedition to Dutch New Guinea 1948-1949.",null,"Edolisoma melan batantae"],["17827","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma tricolor","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.18","Malaita Cicadabird","Malaita Cicadabird",null,"2025-1085","Taxon <em>tricolor </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Edolisoma holopolium</em> based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Pedersen et al. 2018), supported by differences in plumage and possibly voice. Taxon <em>pygmaeum</em>, sometimes split as a monotypic species, is treated as a subspecies of <em>E. holopolium</em>, as its plumage divergence appears less pronounced, vocal differences require further corroboration, and genetic data are lacking; further research needed.","Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"solcuc4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solcuc4","avibase-954B1F89",null,null,"Malaita Island, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Edolisoma holopolium tricolor"],["17828","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma holopolium","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.184","Solomons Cicadabird","Solomons Cicadabird",null,"2025-1085","Taxon <em>tricolor </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Edolisoma holopolium</em> based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Pedersen et al. 2018), supported by differences in plumage and possibly voice. Taxon <em>pygmaeum</em>, sometimes split as a monotypic species, is treated as a subspecies of <em>E. holopolium</em>, as its plumage divergence appears less pronounced, vocal differences require further corroboration, and genetic data are lacking; further research needed.","Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,"soicus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soicus1","avibase-4D6FC74F",null,null,"Guadalcanal.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by Mr. C. M. Woodford.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/230/mode/1up","Graucalus holopolius"],["17829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma holopolium holopolium","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka and Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, and Guadalcanal (northern and central Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2BD7D7F",null,null,"Guadalcanal.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by Mr. C. M. Woodford.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/230/mode/1up","Graucalus holopolius"],["17830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma holopolium pygmaeum","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara and Vangunu (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AC599C5",null,null,"Kulambangra Island, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Edolisoma holopolium pygmaeum"],["17831","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma salomonis","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.440-441","Makira Cicadabird","Makira Cicadabird","Makira Cicadabird",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702475","cicada7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cicada7","avibase-AF60AC50",null,null,"San Cristoval Island.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/490/mode/1up","Edoliisoma salomonis"],["17832","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma admiralitatis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.108","Admiralty Cicadabird","Manus Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Manus Island (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,"mancic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mancic1","avibase-4E18BA71",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/146/mode/1up","Edolisoma amboinense admiralitatis"],["17833","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma salvadorii","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.367","Sangihe Cicadabird","Sangihe Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Sangihe and Talaud islands (off northern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,"sancic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sancic1","avibase-DDCCFE84",null,null,"Tambukan, Great Sangir Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/101/mode/1up","Edoliisoma salvadorii"],["17834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma salvadorii salvadorii","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe Islands (off northern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02EE0EC7",null,null,"Tambukan, Great Sangir Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/101/mode/1up","Edoliisoma salvadorii"],["17835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma salvadorii talautense","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.8 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (Salebabu, Karakelong, and Kaburuang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65E698D0",null,null,"Talaut Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/83/mode/1up","Edoliisoma talautense"],["17836","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma nesiotis","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.98","Yap Cicadabird","Yap Cicadabird","Yap Cicadabird","2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Yap (western Caroline Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702640","cicada5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cicada5","avibase-85C08691",null,null,"Yap Island, Mackenzie Group.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/128/mode/1up","Campephaga nesiotis"],["17837","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma monacha","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.99","Palau Cicadabird","Palau Cicadabird","Palau Cicadabird","2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702625","cicada4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cicada4","avibase-D399D02C",null,null,"Pelew Islands.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/129/mode/1up","Campephaga monacha"],["17838","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma erythropygium","Sharpe, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.184-185","Central Melanesian Cicadabird","Central Melanesian Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","forest in Tabar, Lihir, and Tanga islands off northern New Ireland, and Bougainville southeastward to the central Solomon Archipelago (except Makira)",null,null,null,"cemcic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cemcic1","avibase-F7EBE5E3",null,null,"Guadalcanar.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by Mr. C. M. Woodford.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/230/mode/1up","Edoliisoma erythropygium"],["17839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma erythropygium saturatius","Rothschild & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka to Bougainville and New Georgia group (northern to central Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92C17966",null,null,"Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands","List of a collection of birds made on Ysabel Island in the Solomon Group by Mr. A. S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/650/mode/1up","Edoliisoma erythropygium saturatius"],["17840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma erythropygium ultimum","(Mayr, 1955)","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Tabar, Lihir, and Tanga (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D7FB647",null,null,"Lihir Island, Lihir Group, Bismarck Archipelago","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Coracina tenuirostris ultima"],["17841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma erythropygium nisorium","Mayr, 1950","The Auk 67, no.1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Russell Islands (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81EF306C",null,null,"Pavuvu, Russell Islands, Solomon Islands.","A new Cuckoo-shrike from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol67/iss1/10/","Edolisoma tenuirostre nisorium"],["17842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma erythropygium erythropygium","Sharpe, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.184-185",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal, Malaita, Florida, and Savo (east-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0119A517",null,null,"Guadalcanar.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by Mr. C. M. Woodford.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/230/mode/1up","Edoliisoma erythropygium"],["17843","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma morio","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.189","Sulawesi Cicadabird","Sulawesi Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Sulawesi region, including Lembeh (off northeast) and Muna, Tomea, Kabaena, and Buton (off southeast)",null,null,null,"sulcus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulcus2","avibase-E7E09EF8",null,null,"near Gorontalo and Tondano, north Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/205/mode/1up","Ceblepyris morio"],["17844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma morio morio","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi (except southwestern) and nearby islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD61B9A0",null,null,"near Gorontalo and Tondano, north Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/205/mode/1up","Ceblepyris morio"],["17845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma morio edithae","Stresemann, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sulawesi; known from single female specimen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBB24ECE",null,null,"Borong near Maros, south Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=6","Edolisoma tenuirostre edithae"],["17846","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma meyerii","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.327","Geelvink Cicadabird","Geelvink Cicadabird","Geelvink Cicadabird","2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Numfor and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702598","comcic4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcic4","avibase-F278C879",null,null,"Misori (= Biak) Island. [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/341/mode/1up","Edoliosoma meyerii"],["17847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma meyerii numforanum","(Peters & Mayr, 1960)","Check-list of birds of the world 9 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A45052F",null,null,"“Mafoor” Island [=Numfor Island, Indonesia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50585#page/203/mode/1up","Coracina tenuirostris numforana"],["17848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma meyerii meyerii","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9766B3DC",null,null,"Misori (= Biak) Island. [=Biak Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/341/mode/1up","Edoliosoma meyerii"],["17849","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma obiense","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.329","Obi Cicadabird","Obi Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","central Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)",null,null,null,"comcic20","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcic20","avibase-AFA19DEF",null,null,"Obi Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/343/mode/1up","Edoliosoma obiense"],["17850","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma pelingi","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.27","Banggai Cicadabird","Banggai Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Peleng and Banggai, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,"comcic19","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcic19","avibase-F86CDDED",null,null,"Peling Island.","Notes on Edolisoma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/53/mode/1up","Edolisoma obiense pelingi"],["17851","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma sula","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.28","Sula Cicadabird","Sula Cicadabird","Sula Cicadabird",null,null,"lowlands of Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706588","sulcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulcus1","avibase-E794950A",null,null,"Sula-Besi.","Notes on Edolisoma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/54/mode/1up","Edolisoma mindanense sula"],["17852","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma grayi","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.15 p.37","North Moluccan Cicadabird","North Moluccan Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","forest and woodland in the Tukangbesi islands off southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, and highly disjunctly in the northern Moluccas, including Halmahera, Morotai, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan",null,null,null,"nomcic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nomcic1","avibase-07786EA4",null,null,"Batjan and East Gilolo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94472#page/45/mode/1up","Edoliosoma grayi"],["17853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma grayi pererratum","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Tukangbesi Islands (Kaledupa and Tomea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E7345D9",null,null,"Tomia, Tukang-besi Islands.","Notes on Edolisoma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/54/mode/1up","Edolisoma morio pererratum"],["17854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma grayi grayi","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.15 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8DD00CB",null,null,"Batjan and East Gilolo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94472#page/45/mode/1up","Edoliosoma grayi"],["17855","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma incertum","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.387","Black-shouldered Cicadabird","Papuan Cicadabird",null,"2026-087","Edolisoma tenuirostre muellerii is synonymized with <em>E. t. tenuirostre</em> based on Mees (1982) who used distributional data, morphology and an absence of breeding records in New Guinea to demonstrate that <em>muellerii</em> were seasonal migrants of <em>E. t. tenuirostre</em> from Australia. <em>Edolisoma tenuirostre nehrkorni</em>, known from a single specimen, is synonymized with <em>E. incertum</em> based on similarities in plumage and genetics (Pederson et al. 2018).","montane forest of New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"papcus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papcus1","avibase-835FDB70",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/421/mode/1up","Campephaga incerta"],["17856","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma remotum","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.369","Bismarck Cicadabird","Bismarck Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","forest and edge in the Bismarck Archipelago from Mussau eastward to New Britain",null,null,null,"comcic6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcic6","avibase-78D4B5A2",null,null,"New Hanover.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/103/mode/1up","Edoliisoma remotum"],["17857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma remotum remotum","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, Dyaul, New Ireland, and Feni islands (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DB4DA5F",null,null,"New Hanover.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/103/mode/1up","Edoliisoma remotum"],["17858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma remotum matthiae","Sibley, 1946","The Condor 48, no.4 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau and Emirau (west-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D10FA066",null,null,"Emirau Island, St. Matthias Group, Bismarck Archipelago.","A new Cuckoo-shrike from the Bismarck Archipelago.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol48/iss4/17/","Edolisoma morio matthiae"],["17859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma remotum heinrothi","Stresemann, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and Duke of York Island (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ED89629",null,null,"Blanche Bay, New Britain.","Neue Formen aus Neuguinea und Neupommern.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/25/mode/1up","Edolisoma morio heinrothi"],["17860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma remotum rooki","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Umboi (south-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED4A8252",null,null,"Rook Island","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/145/mode/1up","Edolisoma amboinense rooki"],["17861","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma rostratum","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.20","Rossel Cicadabird","Rossel Cicadabird","Rossel Cicadabird","2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103702615","comcic5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcic5","avibase-D3CA1D45",null,null,"Rossel Island.","[Description of three new species of birds from the Louisiade Archipelago].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/540/mode/1up","Edoliosoma rostratum"],["17862","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma amboinense","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.75 p.156","South Moluccan Cicadabird","South Moluccan Cicadabird",null,"2025-1226","A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii</em> (including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis </em>split from the <em>remotum </em>group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense</em> based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense</em> based on their distinctive female plumages, and<em> E. monacha, E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum </em>and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi </em>(including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense, E. remotum </em>(including <em>matthiae, heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki, nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced<em> E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense, tagulanum, aruense, muellerii,</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em>). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","southern Moluccas (Ambon and Seram)",null,null,null,"comcic11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcic11","avibase-3AD1D700",null,null,"Amboina.","Monographische Studien über die Gruppe der Campephaginen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/168/mode/1up","Campephaga amboinensis"],["17863","species","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma tenuirostre","(Jardine, 1831)","The Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science n.s. 1 no.4 p.211","Sahul Cicadabird","Sahul Cicadabird",null,"2026-087, 2025-1226.1","2026-087)) <em>Edolisoma tenuirostre muellerii</em> is synonymized with <em>E. t. tenuirostre</em> based on Mees (1982) who used distributional data, morphology and an absence of breeding records in New Guinea to demonstrate that <em>muellerii</em> were seasonal migrants of <em>E. t. tenuirostre </em>from Australia. E<em>dolisoma tenuirostre nehrkorni</em>, known from a single specimen, is synonymized with <em>E. incertum</em> based on similarities in plumage and genetics (Pederson et al. 2018). 2025-1226.1)) A preliminary taxonomic reassessment of the highly polytypic Common Cicadabird (<em>Edolisoma tenuirostre</em>) complex recognizes 25 species based on integration of genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2022) with assessments of plumage and vocalizations (e.g., Eaton et al. 2021), supplemented with insights from mitochondrial DNA (Pedersen et al. 2018), as follows: <em>E. salvadorii </em>(including <em>talautense</em>) is split from <em>E. morio</em> (including <em>edithae</em>) based on female plumage and mitochondrial DNA; eight monotypic species are recognized, with <em>E. admiralitatis</em> split from the <em>remotum</em> group based primarily on genomic divergence, <em>E. amboinense </em>based on female plumage and biogeographic considerations, <em>E. rostratum</em> based on female plumage, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA evidence, <em>E. pelingi</em> and <em>E. obiense </em>based on their distinctive female plumages, and <em>E. monacha</em>, <em>E. nesiotis</em>, and <em>E. insperatum</em> based on distinct plumages, geographic isolation, and—in some cases—distinct mtDNA; and six polytypic species with novel taxon arrangements are recognized—<em>E. meyerii </em>(including <em>numforanum</em>) is split from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> based on its distinct plumage, as well as suggestive genetic and bioacoustic evidence, <em>E. timoriense</em> (including <em>emancipatum</em> and <em>kalaotuae</em>) is separated from <em>E. tenuirostre</em> mainly based on bioacoustic and mtDNA evidence, <em>E. grayi</em> (including <em>pererratum</em>) based on plumage and vocalizations, but it may form a species complex with <em>E. amboinense</em>, <em>E. remotum</em> (including <em>matthiae</em>, <em>heinrothi</em> and <em>ultimum</em>), and <em>E. erythropygium</em> (including <em>rooki</em>, <em>nisorium</em>, and <em>saturatius</em>) based mainly on genomic and mtDNA evidence, and a reduced <em>E. tenuirostre</em> (including <em>melvillense</em>, <em>tagulanum</em>, and <em>aruense</em>), with <em>muellerii</em> and <em>nehrkorni</em> no longer recognized (see issue 2026-087). The remaining nine species are unchanged. Further research is needed, including genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological analyses, to affirm some of these novel taxonomic treatments and to check for additional species-level diversity in the complex.","New Guinea including many satellite islands, and northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"cicada1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cicada1","avibase-12B52CE0",null,null,"'New Holland' = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20060#page/229/mode/1up","Gracaulus tenuirostris"],["17864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma tenuirostre aruense","Sharpe, 1878","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 3 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands and Trans-Fly lowlands of southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DCFF399",null,null,"Lutor, Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98055#page/103/mode/1up","Edoliisoma aruense"],["17865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma tenuirostre tagulanum","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FC0B83F",null,null,"Sudest or Tagula Island.","On the birds collected on Sudest Island in the Louisiade Archipelago by Albert S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/548/mode/1up","Edoliosoma amboinense tagulanum"],["17866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma tenuirostre melvillense","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBCF842C",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/61/mode/1up","Coracina tenuirostris melvillensis"],["17867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Campephagidae","Cuckooshrikes","Edolisoma tenuirostre tenuirostre","(Jardine, 1831)","The Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science n.s. 1 no.4 p.211",null,null,null,"2026-087","Edolisoma tenuirostre muellerii is synonymized with <em>E. t. tenuirostre</em> based on Mees (1982) who used distributional data, morphology and an absence of breeding records in New Guinea to demonstrate that <em>muellerii</em> were seasonal migrants of <em>E. t. tenuirostre</em> from Australia. <em>Edolisoma tenuirostre nehrkorni</em>, known from a single specimen, is synonymized with <em>E. incertum</em> based on similarities in plumage and genetics (Pederson et al. 2018).","breeds eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, to central Victoria); winters to New Guinea region, including satellites",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FB9D5EC",null,null,"'New Holland' = New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20060#page/229/mode/1up","Gracaulus tenuirostris"],["17868","family","Passeriformes","Mohouidae","Whiteheads","Mohouidae",null,null,"Whiteheads","Whiteheads","Mohouas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"mohoui1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mohoui1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17869","genus","Passeriformes","Mohouidae","Whiteheads","Mohoua","Lesson, 1835","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 9 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia heteroclites [Quoy & Gaimard, 1830]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa ochrocephala J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103228#page/149/mode/1up","Mohoua"],["17870","species","Passeriformes","Mohouidae","Whiteheads","Mohoua novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1013","Pipipi","Pipipi","Pipipi",null,null,"forest of South and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705400","pipipi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pipipi1","avibase-85C9C593",null,null,"Dusky Bay (= Dusky Sound), South Island, New Zealand, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/514/mode/1up","Parus novaeseelandiae"],["17871","species","Passeriformes","Mohouidae","Whiteheads","Mohoua ochrocephala","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.944","Yellowhead","Yellowhead","Yellowhead",null,null,"forest of South and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705397","yellow3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yellow3","avibase-F84E1C1E",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/445/mode/1up","Muscicapa ochrocephala"],["17872","species","Passeriformes","Mohouidae","Whiteheads","Mohoua albicilla","(Lesson, 1830)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, pt.2, livr.14 p.662","Whitehead","Whitehead","Whitehead",null,null,"North Island, and Little and Great Barrier, Arid, and Kapiti islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705394","whiteh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiteh1","avibase-A117BD8B",null,null,"Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/312/mode/1up","Fringilla albicilla"],["17873","family","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchidae",null,null,"Boatbills","Boatbills","Boatbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"machae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/machae1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17874","genus","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus","Gould, 1851","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer [Gould, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/57/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus"],["17875","species","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus nigripectus","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.43","Black-breasted Boatbill","Black-breasted Boatbill","Black-breasted Boatbill",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707422","blbboa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbboa1","avibase-7A20EBB0",null,null,"interior of Vogelkop = Arfak Mountains, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 138.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/55/mode/1up","Macheirhynchus nigripectus"],["17876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus nigripectus nigripectus","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D86FB659",null,null,"interior of Vogelkop = Arfak Mountains, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 138.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/55/mode/1up","Macheirhynchus nigripectus"],["17877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus nigripectus saturatus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.3 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9571E399",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Snow Mountains.","List of the collections of birds made by Albert S. Meek in the lower ranges of the Snow mountains, on the Eilanden River, and on Mount Goliath during the years 1910 and 1911.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/522/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus nigripectus saturatus"],["17878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus nigripectus harterti","van Oort, 1909","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXX, Note XXI p.235-236",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Huon Peninsula and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C55EA82",null,null,"Owen Stanley Range, southeastern New Guinea.","On New-Guinea birds. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133911#page/259/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus nigripectus harterti"],["17879","species","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer","Gould, 1851","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.,text","Yellow-breasted Boatbill","Yellow-breasted Boatbill","Yellow-breasted Boatbill",null,null,"lowland New Guinea and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707419","yebboa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebboa1","avibase-A7DBA3E6",null,null,"Cape York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/57/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer"],["17880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer albifrons","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.429, pl. XLIII, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFEA92C9",null,null,"Waigeo and Misool; restricted to Waigeo by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 138.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/541/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus albifrons"],["17881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer albigula","Mayr & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Raja Ampat Islands (Salawati and Misool) and western and north-central New Guinea eastward to Astrolabe Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7616267C",null,null,"Siwi, Arfak Mountains.","Zoological results of the Denison-Crockett expedition to the South Pacific for the Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia, 1937-1938. Part IV. - Birds from North-west New Guinea.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064287","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer albigula"],["17882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer novus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"northern coast of southeastern New Guinea (Huon Peninsula southward to Watut Valley and Holnicote Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A508AB0C",null,null,"Kumusi River, New Guinea.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. Albert Meek on the Kumusi river, north-eastern British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/220/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer novus"],["17883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer xanthogenys","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Mimika River to Milne Bay), including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA7EE7E6",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/242/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus xanthogenys"],["17884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer flaviventer","Gould, 1851","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6A0E48B",null,null,"Cape York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/57/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer"],["17885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Machaerirhynchidae","Boatbills","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer secundus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, (Shipton’s Flat inland to Atherton Tablelands, and southward to Townsville area, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37882B3F",null,null,"Bartle Frere, northern Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/346/mode/1up","Machaerirhynchus flaviventer secundus"],["17886","family","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamidae",null,null,"Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and Allies","Woodswallows and Butcherbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"artami1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/artami1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17887","genus","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius leucoryn [Linnaeus, 1771]; type by monotypy = Lanius leucoryn Linnaeus, 1771  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f47.item","Artamus"],["17888","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus superciliosus","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.1 fig.2","White-browed Woodswallow","White-browed Woodswallow","White-browed Woodswallow",null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to southeastern South Australia); winters central Australia to northern Queensland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706324","whbwoo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwoo5","avibase-FC26F2A3",null,null,"'Interior of New South Wales' = Hunter River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/13/mode/1up","Ocypterus superciliosus"],["17889","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus personatus","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.149","Masked Woodswallow","Masked Woodswallow","Masked Woodswallow",null,null,"Australia except Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706321","maswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maswoo1","avibase-92A5A04D",null,null,"'southern and western Australia' = York, Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/875/mode/1up","Ocypterus personatus"],["17890","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cyanopterus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlvi","Dusky Woodswallow","Dusky Woodswallow","Dusky Woodswallow",null,null,"southern and eastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706330","duswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duswoo1","avibase-0DA479A1",null,null,"New Holland = Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/52/mode/1up","L[oxia] cyanoptera"],["17891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cyanopterus cyanopterus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlvi",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to Mount Lofty Range, and Tasmania); winters to northern Queensland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DE55637",null,null,"New Holland = Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/52/mode/1up","L[oxia] cyanoptera"],["17892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cyanopterus perthi","(Mathews, 1915)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.7 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Kalbarri southeastward to Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41C4F425",null,null,"Perth, Western Australia.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/149/mode/1up","Angroyan cyanopterus perthi"],["17893","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus minor","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.298","Little Woodswallow","Little Woodswallow","Little Woodswallow",null,null,"Australia (except south and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706333","litwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litwoo4","avibase-CEB500D2",null,null,"'Terres Australes' = Shark's Bay, western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/314/mode/1up","Artamus minor"],["17894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus minor derbyi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.368-369",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to northern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB01C2EC",null,null,"Derby, northwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/392/mode/1up","Artamus minor derbyi"],["17895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus minor minor","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"western central Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia, eastward to southwestern Northern Territory and northwestern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8339590D",null,null,"'Terres Australes' = Shark's Bay, western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/314/mode/1up","Artamus minor"],["17896","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cinereus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.297","Black-faced Woodswallow","Black-faced Woodswallow","Black-faced Woodswallow",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas, south-central New Guinea, and Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706327","blfwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfwoo1","avibase-DD4B0562",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/313/mode/1up","Artamus cinereus"],["17897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cinereus perspicillatus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B446CFFA",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/538/mode/1up","Artamus perspicillatus"],["17898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cinereus normani","(Mathews, 1923)","The birds of Australia 10 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-889D8BEE",null,null,"Normanton, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226382#page/377/mode/1up","Austrartamus melanops normani"],["17899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cinereus inkermani","Keast, 1958","The Emu 58, no.3 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Burdekin River to Burnett River, eastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-054E53A6",null,null,"Inkerman, Queensland.","Seasonal Movements and Geographic Variations in the Australian Wood-Swallows (Artamidae).",null,"A[rtamus] cinereus inkermani"],["17900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cinereus melanops","Gould, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Australian mainland west of the Great Dividing Range, except southwest",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8256E663",null,null,"Saint Becket's Pool, 28°30' S., central Australia.","Description of Two New Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/238/mode/1up","Artamus melanops"],["17901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus cinereus cinereus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Kalbarri to Eucla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C46010F",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/313/mode/1up","Artamus cinereus"],["17902","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus monachus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.343","Ivory-backed Woodswallow","Ivory-backed Woodswallow","Ivory-backed Woodswallow",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Lembeh (off northeast), and Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706308","whbwoo8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwoo8","avibase-7ADFC30E",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/537/mode/1up","Artamus (Ocypterus) monachus"],["17903","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus insignis","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.101 pl.15","White-backed Woodswallow","Bismarck Woodswallow","White-backed Woodswallow",null,null,"New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706314","biswoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biswoo1","avibase-30822099",null,null,"New Ireland.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/157/mode/1up","Artamus insignis"],["17904","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus maximus","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.203","Great Woodswallow","Great Woodswallow","Great Woodswallow",null,null,"mountains of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706311","grewoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grewoo1","avibase-776CBB16",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/231/mode/1up","Artamus maximus"],["17905","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus mentalis","Jardine, 1845","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.16, no.104 p.174","Fiji Woodswallow","Fiji Woodswallow","Fiji Woodswallow",null,null,"northern Fiji (Yasawa and Viti Levu to Taveuni and Qamea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706318","fijwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fijwoo1","avibase-F12E7F7F",null,null,"No locality = Fiji Islands.","XVIII. Horae Zoologicae. [With two Plates.] No. VI. Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19483#page/200/mode/1up","Artamus mentalis"],["17906","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus fuscus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 17 p.297","Ashy Woodswallow","Ashy Woodswallow","Ashy Woodswallow",null,null,"India and Sri Lanka to Myanmar, southern China, and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706302","ashwoo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashwoo2","avibase-D10DF10F",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60153#page/313/mode/1up","Artamus fuscus"],["17907","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.524","White-breasted Woodswallow","White-breasted Woodswallow","White-breasted Woodswallow","2025-N014","Although <em>Artamus leucoryn </em>has been used (HBW), <em>leucorynchus </em>was formally decided by the ICZN (2020) in Opinion 2455 (Case 3715).","Andaman Islands, Indonesian Archipelago, Philippines, New Guinea region, northern and eastern Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Palau (west Caroline Islands, western Micronesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706305","whbwoo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwoo4","avibase-05793C3E",null,null,"Manila, Luzon.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Lanius leucoryn[chus]"],["17908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus pelewensis","Finsch, 1876","Journal des Museum Godeffroy. Geographische, ethnographische und naturwissenschaftliche Mittheilungen Heft12 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Babelthuap Island (Palau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BED25EF6",null,null,"Palau Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151119#page/47/mode/1up","Artamus pelewensis"],["17909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus leucorynchus","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"Natuna Islands, Borneo, and Philippines including Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-649B75A7",null,null,"Manila, Luzon.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Lanius leucoryn[chus]"],["17910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus amydrus","Oberholser, 1917","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 54, no.2232 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung, Kangean islands, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B621C154",null,null,"Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53568#page/247/mode/1up","Artamus leucoryn amydrus"],["17911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus humei","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Coco islands (Bay of Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A71FFDB",null,null,"South Andaman.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/311/mode/1up","Artamus leucorhynchos humei"],["17912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus albiventer","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F125F96E",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/408/mode/1up","Ocypterus albiventer"],["17913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus musschenbroeki","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar and Tanimbar Islands (Larat, Yamdena, and Kirimoen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FC0797A",null,null,"Tenimber.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/380/mode/1up","Artamus Musschenbroeki"],["17914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus leucopygialis","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 2 (pt.6) pl.33, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas), New Guinea including Aru Islands, northern and eastern Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley regions, Western Australia, eastward to eastern Australia southward to northern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9954C82",null,null,"Namoi River, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187062#page/141/mode/1up","Artamus leucopygialis"],["17915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus melaleucus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia, including Maré and Lifou (Loyalty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B234A71C",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/210/mode/1up","L[eptopteryx] melaleuca"],["17916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Artamus leucorynchus tenuis","Mayr, 1943","The Auk 60, no.2 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu including Banks Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0FD8A2B",null,null,"Gaua, Banks Is.","A New Swallow-Shrike","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol60/iss2/21/","Artamus leucorhynchus tenuis"],["17917","genus","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Peltops","Wagler, 1829","Isis von Oken 22, heft 6 col.656",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eurylaimus blainvillii [Lesson & Garnot, 1827]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung I","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/336/mode/1up","Peltops"],["17918","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Peltops blainvillii","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.3 p.595, pl.19 fig.2","Lowland Peltops","Lowland Peltops","Lowland Peltops",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Waigeo, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706339","lowpel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lowpel1","avibase-4EE509C8",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/47/mode/1up","Eurylaimus Blainvillii"],["17919","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Peltops montanus","Stresemann, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.5 p.35","Mountain Peltops","Mountain Peltops","Mountain Peltops",null,null,"mountains of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706343","moupel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moupel1","avibase-E9C26F0E",null,null,"Hunsteinspitze, Sepik Mountains.","New forms of Munia, Sericornis, Xanthotis, Melipotes, Peltops, Pachycephala, Pinarolestes, Cacomantis, Collocalia, Hemiprocne described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/47/mode/1up","Peltops blainvillii montanus"],["17920","genus","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Coracias strepera [Latham, 1790]; type by tautonymy = Corvus graculinus Shaw, 1790  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/367/mode/1up","Strepera"],["17921","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera fuliginosa","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.5 fig.1,text","Black Currawong","Black Currawong","Black Currawong",null,null,"Tasmania and Bass Strait islands (southeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706296","blacur2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacur2","avibase-7FF38E73",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land = Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/29/mode/1up","Coronica fuliginosa"],["17922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera fuliginosa fuliginosa","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.5 fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E892177F",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land = Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/29/mode/1up","Coronica fuliginosa"],["17923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera fuliginosa parvior","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.556",null,null,null,null,null,"Flinders Island (Bass Strait, southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7A10221",null,null,"c 8 km NW of Lady Barron, Flinders Is. [Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Strepera fuliginosa parvior"],["17924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera fuliginosa colei","Mathews, 1916","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 3, no.3 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait, southeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6BD4965",null,null,"King Island, Bass Strait.","List of additions of new sub-species to, and changes in, my List of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103880#page/77/mode/1up","Strepera fuliginosa colei"],["17925","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera graculina","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.251","Pied Currawong","Pied Currawong","Pied Currawong",null,null,"eastern Australia and Lord Howe Island (east of Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706293","piecur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piecur1","avibase-B39778F8",null,null,"[New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/347/mode/1up","Corvus Graculinus"],["17926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera graculina magnirostris","White, 1923","The Emu 22 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4F3F80F",null,null,"Coen, Cape York Peninsula.","Notes on the Pied Bell-Magpie (Strepera graculina).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35198#page/276/mode/1up","Strepera graculina magnirostris"],["17927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera graculina robinsoni","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.443-444",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99F12FF8",null,null,"North Queensland. The type is from the Johnstone River, south of Cairns.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/467/mode/1up","Strepera graculina robinsoni"],["17928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera graculina graculina","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central Queensland to Hunter River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-737A5361",null,null,"[New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/347/mode/1up","Corvus Graculinus"],["17929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera graculina crissalis","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.58-59, pl. II",null,null,null,null,null,"Lord Howe Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FF3DCFB",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/76/mode/1up","Strepera crissalis"],["17930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera graculina ashbyi","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.4 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central New South Wales to central Victoria); winters to north",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A0C2D10",null,null,"Black Spur, Victoria.","New species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/96/mode/1up","Strepera graculina ashbyi"],["17931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera graculina riordani","(Mathews, 1913)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.4 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C196C780",null,null,"Geelong, Victoria. Type from Airey's Inlet, near Geelong.","New species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/96/mode/1up","Neostrepera versicolor riordani"],["17932","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera versicolor","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxv","Grey Currawong","Gray Currawong","Grey Currawong",null,null,"southern Australia, including Kangaroo Island and Tasmania (southeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706299","grycur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grycur1","avibase-B7717F2A",null,null,"Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/31/mode/1up","C[orvus] versicolor"],["17933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera versicolor versicolor","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxv",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Hunter River, New South Wales to southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F9560AB",null,null,"Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/31/mode/1up","C[orvus] versicolor"],["17934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera versicolor arguta","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.156 p.19-20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F2FB4EF",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [= Tasmania].","Description of eleven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/387/mode/1up","Strepera arguta"],["17935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera versicolor melanoptera","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.156 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (eastern Mount Lofty Range eastward to southwestern New South Wales and northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3FC4C1C",null,null,"South Australia.","Description of eleven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/388/mode/1up","Strepera melanoptera"],["17936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera versicolor halmaturina","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (off South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01D09C53",null,null,"Kangaroo Island, South Australia","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/468/mode/1up","Strepera melanoptera halmaturina"],["17937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera versicolor intermedia","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.59-60",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Eyre and Yorke peninsulas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50BB5F2D",null,null,"Port Lincoln, South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/77/mode/1up","Strepera intermedia"],["17938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Strepera versicolor plumbea","Gould, 1846","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.156 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and south-central Australia (from Kalbarri southeastward to southwestern Northern Territory and southwestern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-885A62BC",null,null,"Western Australia.","Description of eleven new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/388/mode/1up","Strepera plumbea"],["17939","genus","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Melloria","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.5 p.114",null,null,null,"2025-0873","Taxon <em>quoyi </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Melloria </em>based mostly on mitochondrial DNA evidence that it is not closely related to other <em>Cracticus </em>butcherbirds (Kearns et al. 2013). However, genomic data are needed to determine relationships between <em>Melloria, Cracticus,</em> and <em>Gymnorhina, </em>as these remain poorly resolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cracticus spaldingi [Masters, 1878]; type by original designation",null,"New generic names for Australian birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/146/mode/1up","Melloria"],["17940","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Melloria quoyi","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 10 p.289","Black Butcherbird","Black Butcherbird","Black Butcherbird",null,null,"New Guinea region and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706285","blabut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabut1","avibase-6AEC3F15",null,null,"Dorey [= Dorei = Manokwari, Vogelkop], northwestern New Guinea.","196. Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux recueillies par MM. Lesson & Garnot, etc. (Voy. le Bulletin, t. VII, n°. 125.). Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/297/mode/1up","Barita Quoyi"],["17941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Melloria quoyi quoyi","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 10 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8238B96B",null,null,"Dorey [= Dorei = Manokwari, Vogelkop], northwestern New Guinea.","196. Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux recueillies par MM. Lesson & Garnot, etc. (Voy. le Bulletin, t. VII, n°. 125.). Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/297/mode/1up","Barita Quoyi"],["17942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Melloria quoyi spaldingi","(Masters, 1878)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.3 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea); northwestern Australia (eastern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia to northern Northern Territory including Tiwi Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCF2250A",null,null,"Port Darwin, Northern Territory.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from Port Darwin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/227/mode/1up","Cracticus spaldingi"],["17943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Melloria quoyi alecto","(Schodde & Mason, 1999)","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C180EDFA",null,null,"Merauke, Irian Jaya [Indonesia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Cracticus quoyi alecto"],["17944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Melloria quoyi jardini","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.94-95",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A3C111D",null,null,"Cape York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/122/mode/1up","Cracticus quoyi jardini"],["17945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Melloria quoyi rufescens","(De Vis, 1883)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.7, pt.4 p.562",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to about Sarina, eastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FAAC503",null,null,"Tully and Murray River Scrubs, northern Queensland.","Description of two new birds of Queensland","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30242#page/600/mode/1up","Cracticus rufescens"],["17946","genus","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.37",null,null,null,"2025-0873","Taxon <em>quoyi </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Melloria </em>based mostly on mitochondrial DNA evidence that it is not closely related to other <em>Cracticus </em>butcherbirds (Kearns et al. 2013). However, genomic data are needed to determine relationships between <em>Melloria, Cracticus,</em> and <em>Gymnorhina, </em>as these remain poorly resolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Coracias tibicen [Latham, 1801]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/51/mode/1up","Gymnorhina"],["17947","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxvii","Australian Magpie","Australian Magpie","Australian Magpie",null,null,"south-central New Guinea and Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706288","ausmag2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausmag2","avibase-3CE2F51F",null,null,"Nova Wallia Australi [=New South Wales]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/33/mode/1up","C[oracias] tibicen"],["17948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen papuana","Bangs & Peters, 1926","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 67, no.12 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Trans-Fly lowlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6246EB21",null,null,"Princess Marianne Straits, southwestern New Guinea.","A collection of birds from southwestern New Guinea (Merauke coast and inland).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21143#page/549/mode/1up","Gymnorhina tibicen papuana"],["17949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen eylandtensis","White, 1922","The Emu 21 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AFA3D4D",null,null,"Groote Eylandt.","Two New Subpecies of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35943#page/241/mode/1up","Gymnorhina tibicen eylandtensis"],["17950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen tibicen","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxvii",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (northeastern Queensland southward to northern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAB7B6EF",null,null,"Nova Wallia Australi [=New South Wales]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/33/mode/1up","C[oracias] tibicen"],["17951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen tyrannica","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southern Victoria and southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-450FADFD",null,null,"Wollongoon, 10km W of Mortlake, Vic. [=Victoria, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Gymnorhina tibicen tyrannica"],["17952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen hypoleuca","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands App. pl.4, fig. 1 and text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tasmania, and King and Flinders Islands (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B07371DD",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [= Tasmania].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/25/mode/1up","Cracticus hypoleucus"],["17953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen telonocua","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (southern Eyre and Yorke peninsulas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84683F48",null,null,"Wollongoon, 10km W of Mortlake, Vic. [=Victoria, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Gymnorhina tibicen telonocua"],["17954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis","Campbell, 1895","Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria n.s., 7 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to Eucla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB79A3FB",null,null,"Southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35264#page/256/mode/1up","G[ymnorhina] dorsalis"],["17955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Gymnorhina tibicen longirostris","Milligan, 1903","The Emu 3, pt.2, Oct. 1 1903 p.96-102",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Pilbara region to western Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94D78C7C",null,null,"Ashburton River, North Western Australia.","Description of a New Gymnorhina, with Observations on G. dorsalis, Campbell.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36066#page/116/mode/1up","Gymnorhina longirostris"],["17956","genus","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.37",null,null,null,"2025-0873","Taxon <em>quoyi </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Melloria </em>based mostly on mitochondrial DNA evidence that it is not closely related to other <em>Cracticus </em>butcherbirds (Kearns et al. 2013). However, genomic data are needed to determine relationships between <em>Melloria, Cracticus,</em> and <em>Gymnorhina, </em>as these remain poorly resolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ramphastos cassicus [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Ramphastos cassicus Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f43.item","Cracticus"],["17957","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus nigrogularis","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.3 fig.2,text","Pied Butcherbird","Pied Butcherbird","Pied Butcherbird",null,null,"Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706282","piebut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piebut1","avibase-B731E469",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/21/mode/1up","Vanga nigrogularis"],["17958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus nigrogularis picatus","Gould, 1848","The birds of Australia 2 (pt.34) pl.50, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"western, central, and northern Australia (southwestern Australia to northwestern Queensland, except Gibson and Simpson deserts)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3120E6C",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187062#page/209/mode/1up","Cracticus picatus"],["17959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus nigrogularis nigrogularis","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.3 fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to northern Victoria and southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7EE451D",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/21/mode/1up","Vanga nigrogularis"],["17960","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus louisiadensis","Tristram, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.555","Tagula Butcherbird","Tagula Butcherbird","Tagula Butcherbird",null,null,"Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706279","tagbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tagbut1","avibase-764DC1DA",null,null,"Sudest Island.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/585/mode/1up","Cracticus louisiadensis"],["17961","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus cassicus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38","Hooded Butcherbird","Hooded Butcherbird","Hooded Butcherbird",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706276","hoobut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoobut1","avibase-6E902C60",null,null,"New Guinea; restricted to the Vogelkop by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 164.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Ramphastos cassicus"],["17962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus cassicus cassicus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea), and Biak and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B2627FA",null,null,"New Guinea; restricted to the Vogelkop by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 164.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Ramphastos cassicus"],["17963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus cassicus hercules","Mayr, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1091 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Trobriand Islands and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF2F4801",null,null,"Kaileuna Island, Trobriand Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 43. VII. Notes on New Guinea Birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3778/","Cracticus cassicus hercules"],["17964","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus mentalis","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.824","Black-backed Butcherbird","Black-backed Butcherbird","Black-backed Butcherbird",null,null,"south-central and southeastern New Guinea and Cape York Peninsula (northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706270","blbbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbut1","avibase-F9541556",null,null,"Nicura [southeastern New Guinea].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/830/mode/1up","Cracticus mentalis"],["17965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus mentalis mentalis","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.824",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of southeastern New Guinea (Merauke to Port Moresby)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24BBAA4F",null,null,"Nicura [southeastern New Guinea].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/830/mode/1up","Cracticus mentalis"],["17966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus mentalis kempi","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A9F3FA1",null,null,"Cape York. Type from Skull Creek, twenty miles south of Cape York.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/123/mode/1up","Cracticus mentalis kempi"],["17967","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus argenteus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.93 p.126-127","Silver-backed Butcherbird","Silver-backed Butcherbird","Silver-backed Butcherbird",null,null,"northwestern and northcentral Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703525","sibbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibbut1","avibase-6BFC1262",null,null,"Northwest coast of Australia. Type from Port Essington.","Descriptions of two new Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/852/mode/1up","Cracticus argenteus"],["17968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus argenteus argenteus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.93 p.126-127",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D79D6D8",null,null,"Northwest coast of Australia. Type from Port Essington.","Descriptions of two new Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/852/mode/1up","Cracticus argenteus"],["17969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus argenteus colletti","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CA72D89",null,null,"Northern Territory. Type from Mary River.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/64/mode/1up","Cracticus torquatus colletti"],["17970","species","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus torquatus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xviii","Grey Butcherbird","Gray Butcherbird","Grey Butcherbird",null,null,"Australia (except north)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703460","grybut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grybut1","avibase-9CD4E6BB",null,null,"Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/24/mode/1up","L[anius] torquatus"],["17971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus torquatus leucopterus","Gould, 1848","An introduction to the birds of Australia p.35, folio ed. p.xxxv",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia south of the tropics (except Gibson and Simpson deserts and southeastern coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5A6F57D",null,null,"Western Australia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237183#page/51/mode/1up","Cracticus leucopterus"],["17972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus torquatus torquatus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xviii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08AA2FE4",null,null,"Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/24/mode/1up","L[anius] torquatus"],["17973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Artamidae","Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and allies","Cracticus torquatus cinereus","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands App. pl.2 and text",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B848F8A",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [= Tasmania].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/17/mode/1up","Vanga cinerea"],["17974","family","Passeriformes","Rhagologidae","Berryhunter","Rhagologidae",null,null,"Berryhunter","Mottled Berryhunter","Berryhunter",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rhagol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhagol1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17975","genus","Passeriformes","Rhagologidae","Berryhunter","Rhagologus","Stresemann & Paludan, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pachycephala leucostigma [Salvadori, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0043-0046.pdf#page=3","Rhagologus"],["17976","species","Passeriformes","Rhagologidae","Berryhunter","Rhagologus leucostigma","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.933","Mottled Berryhunter","Mottled Berryhunter","Mottled Berryhunter",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705411","motwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motwhi1","avibase-61EACB38",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/939/mode/1up","Pachycephala leucostigma"],["17977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhagologidae","Berryhunter","Rhagologus leucostigma leucostigma","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.933",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern and west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7588E3DF",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/939/mode/1up","Pachycephala leucostigma"],["17978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhagologidae","Berryhunter","Rhagologus leucostigma obscurus","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southeastern New Guinea and Huon Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65750425",null,null,"Mafulu, 1,250 m.. Central Division, southeastern New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New birds from the 1938-1939 Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Rhagologus leucostigma obscurus"],["17979","family","Passeriformes","Pityriasidae","Bristlehead","Pityriasidae",null,null,"Bristlehead","Bristlehead","Bristlehead",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pityri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pityri1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17980","genus","Passeriformes","Pityriasidae","Bristlehead","Pityriasis","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Barita gymnocephala [Temminck, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/144/mode/1up","Pityriasis"],["17981","species","Passeriformes","Pityriasidae","Bristlehead","Pityriasis gymnocephala","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.2 pl.572,text","Bornean Bristlehead","Bornean Bristlehead","Bornean Bristlehead",null,null,"lowland forest of Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706336","borbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borbri1","avibase-5B196640",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/251/mode/1up","Barita gymnocephala"],["17982","family","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithinidae",null,null,"Ioras","Ioras","Ioras",null,null,null,null,null,null,"aegith1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aegith1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["17983","genus","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.44",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla tiphia [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Motacilla tiphia Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f50.item","Aegithina"],["17984","species","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina lafresnayei","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.401","Great Iora","Great Iora","Great Iora",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest canopy and tall secondary growth, from southern Myanmar and south-central China, and southward through Indochina to Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707443","greior1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greior1","avibase-D00A485D",null,null,"Malacca.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/409/mode/1up","Iora Lafresnayei"],["17985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina lafresnayei innotata","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.472,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Yunnan) to Myanmar, Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-487C9533",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/528/mode/1up","Iora innotata"],["17986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina lafresnayei xanthotis","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Cambodia and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7761C201",null,null,"Cambodia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/33/mode/1up","Aethorhynchus xanthotis"],["17987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina lafresnayei lafresnayei","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand and Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65C9F44D",null,null,"Malacca.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/409/mode/1up","Iora Lafresnayei"],["17988","species","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina viridissima","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.397","Green Iora","Green Iora","Green Iora",null,null,"lowland to foothill rainforest canopy, peat-swamp forest, and overgrown plantations, from far southern Myanmar and southwestern Thailand southward to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra and satellite islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707440","greior2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greior2","avibase-418B6BE2",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/617/mode/1up","Jora viridissima"],["17989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina viridissima viridissima","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5908EFE6",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/617/mode/1up","Jora viridissima"],["17990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina viridissima thapsina","Oberholser, 1917","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C080604",null,null,"Siantan Island, Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/56/mode/1up","Aegithina viridissima thapsina"],["17991","species","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina nigrolutea","(Marshall, 1876)","Stray Feathers 4 p.410","Marshall's Iora","White-tailed Iora","Marshall's Iora",null,null,"northwestern and southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707436","whtior1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtior1","avibase-C3E4EF0E",null,null,"Meerut and Saharunpoor.","A new Indian Iora.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/432/mode/1up","Iora nigrolutea"],["17992","species","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186","Common Iora","Common Iora","Common Iora",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, coastal scrub, bamboo, mangroves, and plantations, from Kashmir and far southeastern Pakistan through Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, eastward to south-central China, and southward to Palawan (Philippines), Greater Sundas, and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707433","comior1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comior1","avibase-EEC311EA",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/205/mode/1up","Motacilla tiphia"],["17993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia multicolor","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II Tomus 1 p.924",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15D62FC9",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/425/mode/1up","Fringilla multicolor"],["17994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia deignani","Hall, 1957","Ibis vol.99, no.2 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India to northern and central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E7C3C26",null,null,"Yawdin, Pakokku Dist., Central Burma.","The taxonomic importance of variation in non-breeding plumage in Aegithina tiphia and A. nigrolutea.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1957.tb01942.x","Aegithina tiphia deignani"],["17995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia humei","Stuart Baker, 1922","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. ed. 2, 1 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"central India (south of the Ganges River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DE4CB1A",null,null,"Raipur, south central India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56516#page/370/mode/1up","Aegithina tiphia humei"],["17996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia tiphia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Uttarakhand to Bengal and Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9E629A5",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/205/mode/1up","Motacilla tiphia"],["17997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia septentrionalis","Koelz, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and northwestern India (Punjab)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5037763E",null,null,"Bhadwar, Kangra Dist., northern Punjab.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/85/mode/1up","Aegithina tiphia septentrionalis"],["17998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia philipi","Oustalet, 1886","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin ser.2, vol.8, fasc.2 p.285-287",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China to central Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE8A01D4",null,null,"Hue, Annam.","Notices sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de la collection ornithologique du Muséum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113557#page/303/mode/1up","Aegithina Philipi"],["17999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia cambodiana","Hall, 1957","Ibis vol.99, no.2 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Cambodia to southeastern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38AED282",null,null,"Siem-Reap, Cambodia.","The taxonomic importance of variation in non-breeding plumage in Aegithina tiphia and A. nigrolutea.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1957.tb01942.x","Aegithina tiphia cambodiana"],["18000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia horizoptera","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D5B5370",null,null,"Telok Bluku, Nias Island, western Sumatra.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/127/mode/1up","Aegithina tiphia horizoptera"],["18001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia scapularis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27A6A78C",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/171/mode/1up","Jora scapularis"],["18002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia viridis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC429DA3",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/617/mode/1up","Jora viridis"],["18003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithinidae","Ioras","Aegithina tiphia aequanimis","Bangs, 1922","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.4 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo, adjacent northern islands, and Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62265B14",null,null,"Puerto Princessa, Palawan.","Notes on Philippine birds collected by Governor W. Cameron Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/99/mode/1up","Aegithina tiphia aequanimis"],["18004","family","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotidae",null,null,"Bushshrikes and allies","Bushshrikes and Allies","Bush-shrikes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"malaco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malaco2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18005","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.10 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius capensis [Shaw, 1809]; type by original designation = Lanius brubru Latham, 1801",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/190/mode/1up","Nilaus"],["18006","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xix","Brubru","Brubru","Brubru",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, wooded savanna, and thornscrub, from southern Mauritania eastward to north-central Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, thence southward (avoiding rainforest) to Namibia and eastern South Africa; partial migrant in West Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707451","brubru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brubru1","avibase-967545BC",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/25/mode/1up","Lanius afer"],["18007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer afer","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xix",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to the Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0658B139",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/25/mode/1up","Lanius afer"],["18008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer camerunensis","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon and Central African Republic to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2486C0D",null,null,"Yaunde, south Cameroon.","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/392/mode/1up","Nilaus afer camerunensis"],["18009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer hilgerti","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88DB6C58",null,null,"Kassam River, eastern Abyssinia.","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/390/mode/1up","Nilaus afer hilgerti"],["18010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer minor","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.479-480",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan to Somalia, northern and eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F9561C8",null,null,"Milmil, Sibbe, The Haud, Okoto; type locality restricted to Milmil by Neumann, 1907.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/581/mode/1up","Nilaus minor"],["18011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer massaicus","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya to northern Tanzania, Rwanda, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5491DC5B",null,null,"Donje Erok, Kenya.","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/391/mode/1up","Nilaus afer massaicus"],["18012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer nigritemporalis","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.36-37",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-275EF199",null,null,"East Africa = Ngome in Unyamwezi, Tanganyika Territory (Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 462).","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/50/mode/1up","Nilaus nigritemporalis"],["18013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer brubru","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xx",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15072E49",null,null,"interior of Cape of Good Hope [= Orange River ex Levaillant] ; restricted to Goodhouse, Orange River, by Macdonald, 1957, Contr. Orn. Western S. Afr., p. 116.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/26/mode/1up","Lanius brubru"],["18014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer solivagus","Clancey, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78, no.4 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"local in KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini, Zimbabwe, and far southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBDDB657",null,null,"Lubuli Police Camp, near Nsoko, southeastern Swaziland.","A New Race of Brubru Nilaus afer (Latham) from South-Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/105/mode/1up","Nilaus afer solivagus"],["18015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer affinis","Bocage, 1878","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.204, 213",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands of western Angola and adjacent southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1777DF77",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/216/mode/1up","Nilaus affinis"],["18016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Nilaus afer miombensis","Clancey, 1971","Durban Museum Novitates 9, no.9 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique (Sol do Save region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70BBC7A3",null,null,"10 km W of Vilanculos, Inhambane District, Sul do Save, Southern Mozambique at 22 01'S, 35 15'E","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 33. On the southern range limits of Nilaus afer nigritemporalis Reichenow, 1892.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1479","Nilaus afer miombensis"],["18017","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Bocagia","Shelley, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 no.18 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Telephonus minutus [Hartlaub, 1858]; type by subsequent designation (Shelley, 1896, Birds Afr., 1, p. 55).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/141/mode/1up","Bocagia"],["18018","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Bocagia minuta","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.292","Marsh Tchagra","Marsh Tchagra","Marsh Tchagra","2025-0494","Taxon <em>minuta </em>is retained in the monotypic genus <em>Bocagia </em>based on genetics (Fuchs et al. 2012b) and sexual differences in plumage (Harris &amp; Franklin 2000). Nonetheless, it remains closely aligned with the genus <em>Tchagra</em>.","patchy in lowland to montane brushy grassland, marsh edges, papyrus swamps, and coastal lagoons, from Sierra Leone eastward to eastern Sudan, Ethiopia, and western Kenya, southward to central Angola, central Mozambique, and adjacent eastern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707482","martch2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/martch2","avibase-7DCA1C1E",null,null,"?Ashantee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/376/mode/1up","Telephonus minutus"],["18019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Bocagia minuta minuta","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone eastward to South Sudan, eastern Sudan, and Ethiopia, southward to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FFEA7C6",null,null,"?Ashantee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/376/mode/1up","Telephonus minutus"],["18020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Bocagia minuta reichenowi","(Neumann, 1900)","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.1 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Tanzania, southern Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FC2DBAA",null,null,"Pangani, Dar-es-Salam, Kissaki.","[Über einige Würger aus Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/130/mode/1up","Telephonus reichenowi"],["18021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Bocagia minuta anchietae","(Bocage, 1869)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.8 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola, northern Zambia, southwestern Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-701EBE14",null,null,"Pungo Andongo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/364/mode/1up","Telephonus anchietae"],["18022","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thamnophilus tchagra [Vieillot, 1816]; type by tautonymy = Thamnophilus tchagra Vieillot, 1816  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/411/mode/1up","Tchagra"],["18023","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137","Black-crowned Tchagra","Black-crowned Tchagra","Black-crowned Tchagra",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane grassy savanna, dry open woodland, scrubby semi-desert, and riverine thickets, of Morocco eastward to northwestern Libya, and of southern Arabian Peninsula, and from southern Mauritania eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to northeastern Namibia and southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707495","bkctch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkctch1","avibase-022798AB",null,null,"Senegal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","Lanius senegalus"],["18024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus cucullatus","(Temminck, 1840)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.4 p.600",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Morocco to Algeria and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02972D84",null,null,"'Andalusia' [but perhaps Morocco].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127472#page/306/mode/1up","Lanius cucullatus"],["18025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus percivali","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D94A0DD1",null,null,"Arabia; 'type' from Al Milah, north of Aden, according to Sclater, 1912, in Shelley, Birds Afr., 5, p. 373.","[Description of a new Shrike from Arabia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/82/mode/1up","Telephonus percivali"],["18026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus remigialis","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"central Chad to central Sudan (Darfur, Kordofan, and Nile Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63BE9A98",null,null,"'Abyssinia,' probably Upper Blue Nile, according to Sclater, in Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 370.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/362/mode/1up","Telephonus remigialis"],["18027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus nothus","(Reichenow, 1920)","Journal für Ornithologie 68, no.3-4 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali to northern Nigeria and Lake Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2F1F55D",null,null,"Lake Chad district = Lower Shari River, Grote, 1924, Journ. f. Orn., 72, p. 508.","Neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43506#page/415/mode/1up","Pomatorhynchus nothus"],["18028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus senegalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Sierra Leone to Mali, southern Chad, and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7273537",null,null,"Senegal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","Lanius senegalus"],["18029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus habessinicus","(Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.z p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B715336A",null,null,"Abyssinia coastlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/23/mode/1up","Lanii senegalii var. habessinica"],["18030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus armenus","(Oberholser, 1906)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 30, no.1469 p.809-810",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon southward to Angola and eastward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and Tanzania, southward to Malawi, northern Mozambique, and northern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E803300E",null,null,"Taveta, British East Africa.","Notes on birds from German and British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53722#page/969/mode/1up","Pomatorhynchus senegalus armenus"],["18031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus orientalis","(Cabanis, 1869)","Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859-1865 3, Abth. 1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia southward through coastal Kenya and eastern Tanzania to central and eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, eastern South Africa (south to Eastern Cape), and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6030E789",null,null,"Mombasa.",null,null,"Pomatorhynchus orientalis"],["18032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra senegalus kalahari","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola, northern Namibia, southwestern Zambia, and northwestern Zimbabwe to northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-474D0B69",null,null,"Mabeleapudi, Ngamiland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Orthotchagra senegala kalahari"],["18033","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.44","Brown-crowned Tchagra","Brown-crowned Tchagra","Brown-crowned Tchagra",null,null,"lowland to foothill thickets in wooded savanna and open woodland, forest edge, and dry thornscrub, from Sierra Leone (reported in adjacent Guinea) eastward to southern South Sudan and southern Kenya, thence southward to central Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707505","brctch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brctch1","avibase-4F9D43DE",null,null,"north of Kurrichaine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/124/mode/1up","Melaconotus australis"],["18034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis ussheri","(Sharpe, 1882)","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F83471EF",null,null,"no locality given; 'type' from Volta River, Gold Coast, Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 124.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/457/mode/1up","Laniarius ussheri"],["18035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis emini","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to northern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, central Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8F3B2AB",null,null,"Bukoba, west of Lake Victoria.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika (Schluss von S. 29-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/74/mode/1up","Telephonus australis emini"],["18036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis minor","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.64-65",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia to northern Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAB3378F",null,null,"Kagehi, Mwanza District, Tanganyika Territory.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/76/mode/1up","Telephonus minor"],["18037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis ansorgei","(Neumann, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola (Luanda to Moçamedes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D6B4E65",null,null,"Pungo Andongo, northern Angola.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Shrike from North Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/425/mode/1up","Harpolestes australis ansorgei"],["18038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis bocagei","Pinto, 1968","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 3/4, Jahrgang 19 p.284-285",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola (central Cuando-Cubango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DC8D35C",null,null,"Cuito-Cuanavale, distrito de Cuando-Cubango, Angola, 30 de Junho 1966","Algumas formas novas para Angola e outras para a Ciência descobertas no distrito do Cuando-Cubango (Angola).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156346#page/304/mode/1up","Tchagra australis bocagei"],["18039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis souzae","(Bocage, 1892)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to central Angola plateau and far northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8B3B975",null,null,"Quindumbo [= Chindumbo], Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121555#page/277/mode/1up","Telephonus souzae"],["18040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis rhodesiensis","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Namibia to northeastern Botswana, southeastern Angola, and far southwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD6E64F7",null,null,"Kabulabula, Chobe River.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Tschagroides australis rhodesiensis"],["18041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis australis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa (southward to northern KwaZulu-Natal), eastern Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5417D4D",null,null,"north of Kurrichaine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/124/mode/1up","Melaconotus australis"],["18042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra australis damarensis","(Reichenow, 1915)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia to far southwestern Angola, Botswana, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4C644F0",null,null,"Windhuk, S.W. Africa.","Neue Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/130/mode/1up","Pomatorhynchus australis damarensis"],["18043","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra jamesi","(Shelley, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.403 pl.10 fig.2","Three-streaked Tchagra","Three-streaked Tchagra","Three-streaked Tchagra",null,null,"lowland to montane semi-desert from southeastern South Sudan and northeastern Uganda eastward to Ethiopia and Somalia, and southward to eastern Kenya, including islands of Lamu and Manda (Kenya), and far northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707510","thstch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thstch1","avibase-FA7A6D02",null,null,"Somaliland; 'type' from Goolis Mts., Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 630.","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/451/mode/1up","Telephonus jamesi"],["18044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra jamesi jamesi","(Shelley, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.403 pl.10 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, Somalia, northeastern Uganda, northern and eastern Kenya, and far northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B8D2301",null,null,"Somaliland; 'type' from Goolis Mts., Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 630.","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/451/mode/1up","Telephonus jamesi"],["18045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra jamesi mandanus","(Neumann, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Kenya, northeastern Tanzania, and adjacent islands (Manda and Lamu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9569F91",null,null,"Manda Island.","Neue afrikanische Species und Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/201/mode/1up","Telephonus jamesi mandanus"],["18046","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra tchagra","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.317","Southern Tchagra","Southern Tchagra","Southern Tchagra",null,null,"foothill scrub at edge of grassland, dry acacia thickets, and coastal dune-forest, from northeastern South Africa and Eswatini southward and westward to southern South Africa (westward to Western Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707514","soutch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soutch1","avibase-2507F6F4",null,null,"'Senegal ... to Cafferland' = Gamtoos River, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/337/mode/1up","Thamnophilus tchagra"],["18047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra tchagra tchagra","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 3 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (southern Western Cape and southwestern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9904C3AE",null,null,"'Senegal ... to Cafferland' = Gamtoos River, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68874#page/337/mode/1up","Thamnophilus tchagra"],["18048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra tchagra natalensis","(Reichenow, 1903)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (eastern Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal) and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8410961D",null,null,"Natal = Durban, Umgeni.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48992#page/574/mode/1up","Pomatorhynchus tschagra var. natalensis"],["18049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Tchagra tchagra caffrariae","Quickelberge, 1967","Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums Natural History 6 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Africa (eastern Eastern Cape, from Great Fish River to the KwaZulu-Natal border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44C617FD",null,null,"Bolo-Kei Bridge, Stutterheim district, eastern Cape Province. 2nd April 1965","A systematic revision of the Tchagra shrike.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211760#page/76/mode/1up","Tchagra tchagra caffrariae"],["18050","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus","Swainson, 1824","The Zoological Journal 1, no.3 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius olivaceus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation = Malaconotus blanchoti Stephens, 1826",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/329/mode/1up","Malaconotus"],["18051","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus cruentus","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.256 pl.65","Fiery-breasted Bushshrike","Fiery-breasted Bushshrike","Fiery-breasted Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary forest canopy, understory of secondary forest, gallery forest, and unkempt plantations, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to eastern Central African Republic, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far western Uganda, and southward to Gabon and southern Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707716","fibbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibbus1","avibase-2714B2A7",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, or rather Cape Coast, West Africa = Cape Coast, on Gold Coast, Neumann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 389.",null,null,"Vanga cruenta"],["18052","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus lagdeni","(Sharpe, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.1 p.54","Lagden's Bushshrike","Lagden's Bushshrike","Lagden's Bushshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane dense forest, and gallery forest and edge, of southeastern Sierra Leone eastward to Ghana (also reported western Togo), and of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and western Rwanda (also reported western Burundi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707722","lagbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lagbus1","avibase-ADFACA26",null,null,"Ashantee, West Africa.","Description of a new Species of Laniarius from Ashantee.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/94/mode/1up","Laniarius lagdeni"],["18053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus lagdeni lagdeni","(Sharpe, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92410ADE",null,null,"Ashantee, West Africa.","Description of a new Species of Laniarius from Ashantee.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/94/mode/1up","Laniarius lagdeni"],["18054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus lagdeni centralis","Neumann, 1920","Journal für Ornithologie 68, no.1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28A063A5",null,null,"forest country west of Lake Tanganyika.","Neue Gattungen und Unterarten afrikanischer Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43506#page/90/mode/1up","Malaconotus lagdeni centralis"],["18055","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus gladiator","(Reichenow, 1893)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.200 p.441","Green-breasted Bushshrike","Green-breasted Bushshrike","Green-breasted Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane primary and secondary evergreen forest, tree-fern groves, and thick second-growth riparian forest canopy, in western Cameroon and far southeastern Nigeria",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707728","grbbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbbus1","avibase-5C543B0A",null,null,"Buea, Mt. Cameroon, 1,000-1,500 meters.","[Neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/455/mode/1up","Laniarius gladiator"],["18056","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt2 p.161","Grey-headed Bushshrike","Gray-headed Bushshrike","Grey-headed Bushshrike",null,null,"lowland and foothill wooded savanna, miombo and riparian woodland, and thickets, from Senegambia eastward to western Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward through East Africa, and from northern Angola eastward to Mozambique, thence southward to northern Namibia and southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707735","gyhbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbus1","avibase-641068BB",null,null,"Senegal [ex Levaillant].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/215/mode/1up","Malaconotus blanchoti"],["18057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti approximans","(Cabanis, 1869)","Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859-1865 3, Abth. 1 p.27,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to Somalia, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23339D0A",null,null,"Dalaon River [in Usambara, Tanzania].",null,null,"Archolestes approximans"],["18058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti blanchoti","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt2 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to northern Nigeria and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAE2EBC3",null,null,"Senegal [ex Levaillant].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/215/mode/1up","Malaconotus blanchoti"],["18059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti catharoxanthus","Neumann, 1899","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.3 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Cameroon to Eritrea, northern Ethiopia, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E440301",null,null,"Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal.","Beiträge zu einer Revision der Laniarinen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/401/mode/1up","Malaconotus catharoxanthus"],["18060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti hypopyrrhus","Hartlaub, 1844","Systematisches Verzeichniss der naturhistorischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum. Erste Abtheilung. Voegel Abth. 1 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwanda to Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-605094AB",null,null,"Africa (type locality restricted to Durban, Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 636).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49904#page/73/mode/1up","Malaconotus hypopyrrhus"],["18061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti interpositus","Hartert, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42C3C6DD",null,null,"northwest of Lake Tanganyika = 40 miles west of Baraka, Lake Tanganyika (Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 452).","On a new form of Shrike from Lake Tanganyika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/64/mode/1up","Malaconotus interpositus"],["18062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti citrinipectus","Meise, 1968","Zoologische Beiträge 14 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia (northern Ovamboland to Cuene Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E71F4277",null,null,"Quipeio in Huambo (about 12.27 S, 15.33 E), Angola, 50 km north of Caala","Zur Speciation afrikanischer, besonders angolanischer",null,"Malaconotus blanchoti citrinipectus"],["18063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus blanchoti extremus","Clancey, 1957","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.6 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51BBDFD7",null,null,"Committees Drift, on the Great Fish River, Albany district, eastern Cape Province.","Geographical Variation in the South African Populations of Malaconotus blanchoti Stephens with the Description of a New Race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/139/mode/1up","Malaconotus blanchoti extremus"],["18064","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus monteiri","(Sharpe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.148 pl.13 fig.1","Monteiro's Bushshrike","Monteiro's Bushshrike","Monteiro's Bushshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest, and escarpment secondary scrub, of southwestern Cameroon and northwestern Angola",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707741","monbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monbus1","avibase-AE3EFAF9",null,null,"Angola; type from Donde River, Loando, Angola (Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 157).","On the Birds of Angola. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/196/mode/1up","Laniarius monteiri"],["18065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus monteiri perspicillatus","(Reichenow, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECD16060",null,null,"Buea, Mt. Cameroon.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Zweiter Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/46/mode/1up","Laniarius perspicillatus"],["18066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus monteiri monteiri","(Sharpe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.148 pl.13 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C14FF5D1",null,null,"Angola; type from Donde River, Loando, Angola (Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 157).","On the Birds of Angola. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/196/mode/1up","Laniarius monteiri"],["18067","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Malaconotus alius","Friedmann, 1927","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.5","Uluguru Bushshrike","Uluguru Bushshrike","Uluguru Bushshrike",null,null,"submontane and montane forest, preferring densest canopy foliage, of Uluguru Mountains in eastern Tanzania",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707747","ulubus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ulubus1","avibase-9941D6E1",null,null,"Bagilo, Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory.","New Birds from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Malaconotus alius"],["18068","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.973",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius cubla [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/535/mode/1up","Dryoscopus"],["18069","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus gambensis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.48","Northern Puffback","Northern Puffback","Northern Puffback",null,null,"lowland to montane savanna woodland, thickets, and mangroves, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707455","norpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norpuf1","avibase-7DE7F0ED",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/68/mode/1up","Lanius gambensis"],["18070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus gambensis congicus","Sharpe, 1901","Ibis ser.8, vol.1, no.1 p.39,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E45BF0BF",null,null,"Conde, Portuguese Congo.","List of Birds obtained in British East Africa. Part II. With Notes by R. Bowdler Sharpe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35405#page/81/mode/1up","Dryoscopus congicus"],["18071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus gambensis erythreae","Neumann, 1899","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.3 p.412-413",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan to Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC4D970A",null,null,"Salamona, Eritrea.","Beiträge zu einer Revision der Laniarinen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/422/mode/1up","Dryoscopus malzacii erythreae"],["18072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus gambensis gambensis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Cameroon, Chad, and northern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DC2B690",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/68/mode/1up","Lanius gambensis"],["18073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus gambensis malzacii","(Heuglin, 1870)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon to Central African Republic, southern Uganda, western Kenya, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2624327",null,null,"'Lande der Schir-Neger' on Upper White Nile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105306#page/49/mode/1up","Malaconotus malzacii"],["18074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus gambensis erwini","Sassi, 1923","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 31 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DE3E3D5",null,null,"forest west of Lake Tanganyika, 2,000 meters.","Dryoscopus gambensis erwini nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101437#page/125/mode/1up","Dryoscopus gambensis erwini"],["18075","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus pringlii","Jackson, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.11 p.3","Pringle's Puffback","Pringle's Puffback","Pringle's Puffback",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry acacia scrub, and brushy woodland, from southern Ethiopia and Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707459","pripuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pripuf1","avibase-706FEEB4",null,null,"Mauungu Wilderness and between Tsavo and Kufumika, Eastern Africa.","Dryoscopus pringlii, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/101/mode/1up","Dryoscopus pringlii"],["18076","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus cubla","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xx","Black-backed Puffback","Black-backed Puffback","Black-backed Puffback",null,null,"lowland to montane forest canopy and edge, densely wooded savanna, coastal forest, and mangroves, from northern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southern Kenya and southern Somalia, and southward through Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, to northern Namibia and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707463","blbpuf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpuf2","avibase-00855728",null,null,"Hottnique Land, along East Coast of Africa; Knysna, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/26/mode/1up","Lanius cubla"],["18077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus cubla affinis","(Gray, 1837)","The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology (n.s.), 1 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Somalia and Kenya to northern Tanzania, Zanzibar, and Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C1E5CFF",null,null,"Zanzibar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19588#page/507/mode/1up","Hapalophus affinis"],["18078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus cubla nairobiensis","Rand, 1958","Fieldiana Zoology 39 (12) p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C607C86",null,null,"Nairobi, Kenya, 5,400 ft. alt.","The races of the Bush Shrike, Dryoscopus cubla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20549#page/7/mode/1up","Dryoscopus cubla nairobiensis"],["18079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus cubla hamatus","Hartlaub, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya to Mozambique, northern Angola, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F8F4998",null,null,"Kaseh [= Tabora], Tanganyika Territory.","On some Birds collected by Capt. J. E. Speke at Kazeh in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/158/mode/1up","Dryoscopus hamatus"],["18080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus cubla okavangensis","Roberts, 1932","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Cape Province to Namibia, southern Angola, Botswana, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9B0889A",null,null,"Maun, Ngamiland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Dryoscopus cubla okavangensis"],["18081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus cubla cubla","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xx",null,null,null,null,null,"KwaZulu-Natal to Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1755C2E7",null,null,"Hottnique Land, along East Coast of Africa; Knysna, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/26/mode/1up","Lanius cubla"],["18082","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus senegalensis","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.112","Red-eyed Puffback","Red-eyed Puffback","Red-eyed Puffback",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill secondary forest, gallery forest, clearings in primary forest, thickets, and plantations, from Nigeria eastward through Central African Republic to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and Rwanda, and southward to western and northeastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707468","reepuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reepuf1","avibase-AFE5B0C4",null,null,"'Senegal'; probably = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/186/mode/1up","Sigelus senegalensis"],["18083","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus angolensis","Hartlaub, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.111","Pink-footed Puffback","Pink-footed Puffback","Pink-footed Puffback",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest and old second growth, from southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707473","pifpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pifpuf1","avibase-201E1243",null,null,"Bembe, Loanda Province.","On some Birds collected in Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/155/mode/1up","Dryoscopus angolensis"],["18084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus angolensis boydi","Bannerman, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-138781BB",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/36/mode/1up","Dryoscopus angolensis boydi"],["18085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus angolensis angolensis","Hartlaub, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D825637",null,null,"Bembe, Loanda Province.","On some Birds collected in Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/155/mode/1up","Dryoscopus angolensis"],["18086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus angolensis nandensis","Sharpe, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, far southern South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53A0F0D3",null,null,"Nandi, 6,500 feet, western Kenya Colony.","[Description of several new species of birds from Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/186/mode/1up","Dryoscopus nandensis"],["18087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus angolensis kungwensis","Moreau, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahare region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82EC8F03",null,null,"Nganja, Kungwe Mt.","New Races of Pink-footed Puff-back and Brown-chested Alethe and a new Species of Bush-Warbler from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/73/mode/1up","Dryoscopus angolensis kungwensis"],["18088","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus sabini","(Gray, 1831)","The zoological miscellany 1 p.7","Sabine's Puffback","Sabine's Puffback","Sabine's Puffback",null,null,"patchy in lowland forest canopy, riparian forest, and swamp forest, from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through southern Cameroon to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to northern Angola and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707477","labpuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labpuf1","avibase-DEE6CC4D",null,null,"Sierra Leone (see Gray, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1, n. s., p. 487).","XI. Description of some new species of African Birds discovered by Capt. Edward Sabine, R.A. in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/19/mode/1up","Thamnophilus sabini"],["18089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus sabini sabini","(Gray, 1831)","The zoological miscellany 1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A5A27A4",null,null,"Sierra Leone (see Gray, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1, n. s., p. 487).","XI. Description of some new species of African Birds discovered by Capt. Edward Sabine, R.A. in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/19/mode/1up","Thamnophilus sabini"],["18090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Dryoscopus sabini melanoleucus","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon and Gabon to Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DE02C60",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/334/mode/1up","Hapalophus melanoleucus"],["18091","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Rhodophoneus","Heuglin, 1871","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.462",null,null,null,"2025-0498","Taxon <em>cruentus </em>is retained in the monotypic genus <em>Rhodophoneus </em>based on morphology, ecology, and genetics. A combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA placed <em>R. cruentus</em> as a divergent sister lineage to a polytypic <em>Telophorus </em>(only nominate <em>zeylonus </em>and <em>dohertyi </em>included) (Fuchs et al. 2012b). Differences in morphology, proportions, and ecology (e.g., Harris &amp; Franklin 2000), are also considered sufficient to warrant generic recognition.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius cruentus [Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105306#page/54/mode/1up","Rhodophoneus"],["18092","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Rhodophoneus cruentus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.c p.9, pl.3","Rosy-patched Bushshrike","Rosy-patched Bushshrike","Rosy-patched Bushshrike","2025-0498","Taxon <em>cruentus </em>is retained in the monotypic genus <em>Rhodophoneus </em>based on morphology, ecology, and genetics. A combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA placed <em>R. cruentus</em> as a divergent sister lineage to a polytypic <em>Telophorus </em>(only nominate <em>zeylonus </em>and <em>dohertyi </em>included) (Fuchs et al. 2012b). Differences in morphology, proportions, and ecology (e.g., Harris &amp; Franklin 2000), are also considered sufficient to warrant generic recognition.","acacia groves, riparian scrub, low thornscrub, arid bush, and semi-desert with scattered bushes from far southeastern Egypt southward to eastern and southern Ethiopia and southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707623","ropbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ropbus1","avibase-8B8AC14A",null,null,"Arkiko near Massawa, Abyssinia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/19/mode/1up","Lanius cruentus"],["18093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Rhodophoneus cruentus kordofanicus","Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.4 p.633",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-574B6782",null,null,"Ogayeh Wells, western Kordofan.","A List of the Birds of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, based on the Collections of Mr. A. L. Butler, Mr. A. Chapman and Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., and Major Cuthbert Christy, R.A.M.C. (T.F.). Part II. Alaudidae - Hirundinidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/721/mode/1up","Rhodophoneus cruentus kordofanicus"],["18094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Rhodophoneus cruentus cruentus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.c p.9, pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Sudan, Eritrea, and northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CF910D4",null,null,"Arkiko near Massawa, Abyssinia",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/19/mode/1up","Lanius cruentus"],["18095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Rhodophoneus cruentus hilgerti","(Neumann, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan, southern and eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, and northern and eastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A0E2A78",null,null,"Sheikh Hussein, Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/200/mode/1up","Pelicinius cruentus hilgerti"],["18096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Rhodophoneus cruentus cathemagmenus","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.63-64",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya (Tsavo and Lake Victoria) to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C22A748B",null,null,"Loeru.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/75/mode/1up","Laniarius cathemagmenus"],["18097","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.481",null,null,null,"2025-0495","<em>Chlorophoneus </em>(polytypic) is retained as a genus distinct from <em>Telophorus </em>(polytypic) based on combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2004, 2006, 2012b; Nguembock et al. 2008), although sequences from the type species <em>C. olivaceus</em> were not included.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Telophorus collaris [Swainson, 1832]; type by original designation and monotypy = Turdus zeylonus Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/655/mode/1up","Telophorus"],["18098","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus zeylonus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.297","Bokmakierie","Bokmakierie","Bokmakierie",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane broken thornveld on stony ground, thickets in open grassland, dense protea scrub, and coastal Fynbos, of highlands on Zimbabwe–Mozambique border (Chimanimani Mountains) and from southwestern Angola southward through southern Namibia to southern South Africa and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707629","bokmak1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bokmak1","avibase-D194C523",null,null,"Ceylon and Cape of Good Hope [= Cape of Good Hope].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/301/mode/1up","Turdus zeylonus"],["18099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus zeylonus restrictus","Irwin, 1968","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 26, vol.3 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Chimanimani Mountains (eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46C6989A",null,null,"Dragon’s Tooth area, Chimanimani National Park (Chimanimani Mts.), eastern Rhodesia, at 5000 ft. a.s.l.","A new race of the bokmakierie Telephorus zeylonus (Linnaeus) (Aves) from the Chimanimani Mountains, Rhodesia.",null,"Telophorus zeylonus restrictus"],["18100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus zeylonus phanus","(Hartert, 1920)","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.2 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0793D415",null,null,"Farta Bay, 5 hours south of Benguella Town, Angola.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/533/mode/1up","Pelicinius zeylonus phanus"],["18101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus zeylonus thermophilus","Clancey, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80, no.7 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia, southern Botswana, and western and northern South Africa (east to western Free State and Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50940A0F",null,null,"Windhoek, Damaraland, South-West Africa [=Namibia]. 5th May, 1918. Collected by the late Lt. C. G. Finch-Davies","The races of the Bokmakierie Telephorus zeylonus (Linnaeus), with the characters of a new form from South-West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/169/mode/1up","Telophorus zeylonus thermophilus"],["18102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus zeylonus zeylonus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern South Africa (southeastern Western Cape to central and eastern Free State and KwaZulu-Natal), Lesotho, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC8F1922",null,null,"Ceylon and Cape of Good Hope [= Cape of Good Hope].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/301/mode/1up","Turdus zeylonus"],["18103","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus dohertyi","(Rothschild, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.52","Doherty's Bushshrike","Doherty's Bushshrike","Doherty's Bushshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane dense scrub at forest edge, and bamboo thickets, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi, and patchy in western and central Kenya highlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707701","dohbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dohbus1","avibase-0BC36521",null,null,"Nandi Escarpment (error) = Kikuyu, mountains above Escarpment station [i. e. Kikuyu Escarpment], Kenya (Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 623).","[Exhibition and description of a remarkable new species of Bush-Shrike].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/210/mode/1up","Laniarius dohertyi"],["18104","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus viridis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 13 p.300","Gorgeous Bushshrike","Four-colored Bushshrike","Gorgeous Bushshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane forest understory, miombo woodland, and riverine scrub and thickets, from southeastern Gabon and southwestern Republic of the Congo eastward to eastern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia, and of far southern Somalia, southeastern Kenya, and eastern Tanzania, and from southern Malawi southward to Eswatini and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103707122","focbus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/focbus2","avibase-ACDC8DEE",null,null,"Malimbe, Congo area (i. e. Loango Coast, Portuguese Congo).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60159#page/314/mode/1up","Laniarius viridis"],["18105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus viridis viridis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 13 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA72BB29",null,null,"Malimbe, Congo area (i. e. Loango Coast, Portuguese Congo).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60159#page/314/mode/1up","Laniarius viridis"],["18106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus viridis nigricauda","(Clarke, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-218334C9",null,null,"Takaungu, British East Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/58/mode/1up","Laniarius quadricolor nigricauda"],["18107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus viridis quartus","Clancey, 1960","Durban Museum Novitates 6 pt2 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi to Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1287515",null,null,"Lengwe, southern Chikwawa district, southern Nyasaland [=Malawi]. 17 July, 1944. Collected b y C. W . Benson","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. XV. 8. The South African races of the Gorgeous Bush Shrike Telophorus quadricolor (Cassin).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1975","Telophorus quadricolor quartus"],["18108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Telophorus viridis quadricolor","(Cassin, 1851)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.10 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (Limpopo to northeastern Eastern Cape) and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A24B9508",null,null,"Port Natal (i. e. Durban)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/271/mode/1up","Laniarius quadricolor"],["18109","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.70",null,null,null,"2025-0495","<em>Chlorophoneus </em>(polytypic) is retained as a genus distinct from <em>Telophorus </em>(polytypic) based on combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2004, 2006, 2012b; Nguembock et al. 2008), although sequences from the type species <em>C. olivaceus</em> were not included.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius rubiginosus [Sundevall, 1850]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 61). = Lanius olivaceus Shaw, 1809  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/86/mode/1up","Chlorophoneus"],["18110","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus bocagei","(Reichenow, 1894)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 2 p.125","Bocage's Bushshrike","Gray-green Bushshrike","Bocage's Bushshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane open woodland, tall secondary forest, and brushy gallery forest, from southern Cameroon to northern Angola, and of northeastern and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707638","gygbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gygbus1","avibase-EF5EDE6D",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroon.","Neue Arten aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35476#page/141/mode/1up","Laniarius bocagei"],["18111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus bocagei bocagei","(Reichenow, 1894)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 2 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05DC39F9",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroon.","Neue Arten aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35476#page/141/mode/1up","Laniarius bocagei"],["18112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus bocagei jacksoni","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"central Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98246A50",null,null,"Mt. Elgon = Nandi (Jackson and Sclater, 1938, Birds Kenya, etc., 3, p. 1223).","[Descriptions of three new species of birds from Equatorial Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/215/mode/1up","Dryoscopus jacksoni"],["18113","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.373","Orange-breasted Bushshrike","Sulphur-breasted Bushshrike","Orange-breasted Bushshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia and miombo woodland, thornveld, coastal savanna bush, and thickets near termitaria, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to northern Namibia and southeastern South Africa; some seasonal movements",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707647","subbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subbus1","avibase-F3DCCA8F",null,null,"no locality given ; designated type locality Senegal, Neumann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 395.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/411/mode/1up","Lanius (Tchagra) sulfureopectus"],["18114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus sulfureopectus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Gabon, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-877806A9",null,null,"no locality given ; designated type locality Senegal, Neumann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 395.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/411/mode/1up","Lanius (Tchagra) sulfureopectus"],["18115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus similis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, southern Somalia, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to Angola, northern Namibia, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C39CEF9",null,null,"north of Kurrichane, i. e. Rustenburg District, Transvaal (Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 632).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/124/mode/1up","Melaconotus similis"],["18116","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus olivaceus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.330","Olive Bushshrike","Olive Bushshrike","Olive Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, dense riparian woodland, thornscrub, and dune forest, from southern Malawi southward through eastern Zimbabwe to southeastern Mozambique, Eswatini, and eastern and southern South Africa (west to Western Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707656","olibus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olibus1","avibase-89A9E67C",null,null,"Algoa Bay, South Africa; ex Levaillant, Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 634.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/454/mode/1up","Lanius olivaceus"],["18117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus olivaceus makawa","Benson, 1945","Ostrich 16 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Malawi (west of the Shire Valley), eastern Zimbabwe, and far northeastern South Africa (northern Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5005697C",null,null,"Chirobwe Mt., Ncheu Distr., Nyasaland, 6,000 ft above sea level.","The races of the Rufous-breasted Bush-Shrike.",null,"Chlorophoneus rubiginosus makawa"],["18118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus olivaceus bertrandi","(Shelley, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.15-16, pl. II, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi (east of Shire Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D33F1C5",null,null,"Milanja Hills, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/47/mode/1up","Laniarius bertrandi"],["18119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus olivaceus vitorum","(Clancey, 1967)","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (10) p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Mozambique (Save River to Algoa Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1F603BE",null,null,"Chimonzo, near Macia, Sul do Save, southern Mozambique","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 25. Formal descriptions of four new races of African birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1839","Malaconotus olivaceus vitorum"],["18120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus olivaceus interfluvius","(Clancey, 1969)","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (15) p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique (except littoral)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59F19F61",null,null,"Mt. Gorongosa, M anica e Sofala, Mozambique, at 3700 ft. a.s.l.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 27. 6. Systematic and distributional notes on Moçambique birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1365","Malaconotus olivaceus interfluvius"],["18121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus olivaceus olivaceus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern South Africa (southern Western Cape to northeastern Limpopo) and far southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B28359",null,null,"Algoa Bay, South Africa; ex Levaillant, Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 634.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/454/mode/1up","Lanius olivaceus"],["18122","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus multicolor","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.299, pl.LXXII","Many-colored Bushshrike","Many-colored Bushshrike","Many-coloured Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest canopy and subcanopy, and swamp forest, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward through southern Cameroon and northern Central African Republic (except rainforest) to western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730664","macbus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macbus2","avibase-3703187C",null,null,"no locality ; type locality restricted to Accra, Bannermann, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Afr., 5, p. 428.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/613/mode/1up","Laniarius multicolor"],["18123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus multicolor multicolor","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.299, pl.LXXII",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mali and Sierra Leone to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D037775",null,null,"no locality ; type locality restricted to Accra, Bannermann, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Afr., 5, p. 428.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/613/mode/1up","Laniarius multicolor"],["18124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus multicolor batesi","Sharpe, 1908","Ibis ser.9, vol.2, no.6 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon and Gabon to Rwanda, western Uganda, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4DBACAE",null,null,"River Ja, Cameroon.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. With Notes by the Collector, G. L. Bates. Part VI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35543#page/388/mode/1up","Chlorophoneus batesi"],["18125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus multicolor graueri","(Hartert, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Uganda and Rwanda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06512914",null,null,"Forest west of Lake Albert Edward.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from Africa, India, and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/381/mode/1up","Laniarius graueri"],["18126","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus nigrifrons","(Reichenow, 1896)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.95","Black-fronted Bushshrike","Black-fronted Bushshrike","Black-fronted Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane forest, miombo and open woodland, and thickets near termitaria, from eastern Uganda, southwestern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania, and southward through eastern Angola eastward to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707672","blfbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfbus1","avibase-5CE2F0DC",null,null,"Marangu, Kilimanjaro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/111/mode/1up","Laniarius nigrifrons"],["18127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus nigrifrons nigrifrons","(Reichenow, 1896)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 4 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Kenya to Tanzania and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1223ECEA",null,null,"Marangu, Kilimanjaro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35539#page/111/mode/1up","Laniarius nigrifrons"],["18128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus nigrifrons manningi","(Shelley, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northern Zambia and (?) eastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBDC27AC",null,null,"Nyasaland; type from Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, Shelley, 1912, Birds Mr., 5, p. 425.","[Description of four new species of birds from Nyasa Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/555/mode/1up","Malaconotus manningi"],["18129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus nigrifrons sandgroundi","Bangs, 1931","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 12 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Malawi to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa (Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A764AA7",null,null,"Mt. Silinda, Southern Rhodesia.","A small collection of birds from the Silinda forest.",null,"Chlorophoneus abbotti sandgroundi"],["18130","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Chlorophoneus kupeensis","Serle, 1951","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 71 p.41","Mount Kupe Bushshrike","Mount Kupe Bushshrike","Mount Kupe Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy in foothill forest with open understory, and scrub on steep hillsides, in far southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707678","mtkbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mtkbus1","avibase-456567FF",null,null,"Kupe Mountain, lat. 4° 45' N., long. 9° 40' E., Kumba Division, British Cameroons.","A new species of Shrike and a new race of Apalis from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125665#page/137/mode/1up","Chlorophoneus kupeensis"],["18131","genus","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius barbarus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Lanius barbarus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f47.item","Laniarius"],["18132","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius atrococcineus","(Burchell, 1822)","Travels in the interior of Southern Africa 1 p.387,note","Crimson-breasted Shrike","Crimson-breasted Gonolek","Crimson-breasted Gonolek",null,null,"lowland to foothill thornscrub, and dense acacia woodland, from southern Angola, southwestern Zambia, and western Zimbabwe southward to northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707586","crbgon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbgon1","avibase-9B33F957",null,null,"Spuigslang Fontein [near junction of Vaal and Orange Rivers].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181911#page/433/mode/1up","Lanius atrococcineus"],["18133","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius leucorhynchus","(Hartlaub, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.108","Lowland Sooty Boubou","Lowland Sooty Boubou","Lowland Sooty Boubou",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill dense understory in rainforest and in remnant forest in savanna, swamp-forest, and thickets in papyrus marsh, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southern Togo, and from southeastern Nigeria eastward to southwestern South Sudan and Uganda, and southward to far northwestern and northeastern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707606","soobou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soobou1","avibase-3402C9BB",null,null,"Elmina, Gold Coast.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/118/mode/1up","Telephonus leucorhynchus"],["18134","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius fuelleborni","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.39","Fülleborn's Boubou","Fülleborn's Boubou","Fülleborn's Boubou",null,null,"foothill to montane forest understory, and dense highland bush, from northeastern Tanzania southward through Eastern Arc Mountains (Tanzania) to northern Malawi and far eastern Zambia (Nyika Plateau)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707617","fuebou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fuebou1","avibase-EA283BA8",null,null,"Usafua, north of Lake Nyasa.","Neue Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/57/mode/1up","Dryoscopus fülleborni"],["18135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius fuelleborni usambaricus","Rand, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Eastern Arc mountains (Usambaras, Ngurus, Ukagurus, and Ulugurus) of northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6772C7D5",null,null,"Magamba, Usambara, 5,200 ft., Tanganyika Terr. [Tanzania]","The subspecies of the Bush Shrike, Laniarius fulleborni (including L. poensis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20916#page/9/mode/1up","Laniarius fulleborni usambaricus"],["18136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius fuelleborni fuelleborni","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania (south of the Uluguru Mountains), northern Malawi, and far eastern Zambia (Nyika Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BCBD49A",null,null,"Usafua, north of Lake Nyasa.","Neue Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/57/mode/1up","Dryoscopus fülleborni"],["18137","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius holomelas","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.90","Albertine Sooty Boubou","Albertine Sooty Boubou","Albertine Sooty Boubou",null,null,"montane dense understory and edges of cloudforest, gallery forest, and bamboo thickets, in Albertine Rift highlands of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastward to western Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103706204","mosbou4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mosbou4","avibase-5E8D59E5",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/116/mode/1up","Dryoscopus holomelas"],["18138","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius poensis","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.37","Mountain Sooty Boubou","Western Boubou",null,"2025-0497","Taxon <em>willardi</em> is split from <em>Laniarius poensis</em> based on a combination of traits (Voelker et al. 2010). Vocalizations and morphometrics separate <em>willardi </em>from polytypic<em> L. poensis</em>, although its purportedly distinctive grey iris is reportedly shared with <em>L. p. camerunensis</em>. Mitochondrial DNA recovered <em>willardi</em> and<em> L. p. camerunensis</em> as divergent sister lineages (Voelker et al. 2010) but nominate <em>poensis </em>was not included in the analysis. A previous mitochondrial DNA study (Nguembock et al. 2008) aligned<em> L. p. camerunensis</em> with <em>L. holomelas</em>, possibly in error; further genetic research is desirable to affirm species status and resolve phylogenetic inconsistencies in this complex.","foothill to montane forest understory and edges, of far southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,"mosbou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mosbou1","avibase-73E1A69A",null,null,"Mount St.Ysabel, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/409/mode/1up","Dryoscopus poensis"],["18139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius poensis camerunensis","Eisentraut, 1968","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 1/2, Jahrgang 19 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD5DAEDF",null,null,"above Dikume-Balue, 1450 m, Rumpi Hills, West Cameroon, February 25, 1967","Beitrag zur Vogelfauna von Fernando Poo und Westkamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156346#page/69/mode/1up","Laniarius fuelleborni camerunensis"],["18140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius poensis poensis","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D1FA59C",null,null,"Mount St.Ysabel, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/409/mode/1up","Dryoscopus poensis"],["18141","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius willardi","Voelker & Gnoske, 2010","The Auk 127, no.3 p.678-689","Willard's Sooty Boubou","Willard's Sooty Boubou",null,"2025-0497","Taxon <em>willardi</em> is split from <em>Laniarius poensis</em> based on a combination of traits (Voelker et al. 2010). Vocalizations and morphometrics separate <em>willardi </em>from polytypic<em> L. poensis</em>, although its purportedly distinctive grey iris is reportedly shared with <em>L. p. camerunensis</em>. Mitochondrial DNA recovered <em>willardi</em> and<em> L. p. camerunensis</em> as divergent sister lineages (Voelker et al. 2010) but nominate <em>poensis </em>was not included in the analysis. A previous mitochondrial DNA study (Nguembock et al. 2008) aligned<em> L. p. camerunensis</em> with <em>L. holomelas</em>, possibly in error; further genetic research is desirable to affirm species status and resolve phylogenetic inconsistencies in this complex.","patchy in submontane to montane forest on eastern slope of Albertine Rift highlands in southwestern Uganda, and southward to northwestern Burundi and adjacent eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,"wisbou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wisbou1","avibase-6F6CFDE9",null,null,"Nteko, Kisoro District, southern Uganda (1 1' 59\"S, 29 37'E), mixed hardwood forest habitat, elevation 1600 m; collected 21 May 1997 by B.D.M","A new species of boubou (malaconotidae: laniarius) from the albertine rift","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/127/3/678/5148451","Laniarius willardi"],["18142","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius funebris","(Hartlaub, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.105","Slate-colored Boubou","Slate-colored Boubou","Slate-coloured Boubou",null,null,"central Ethiopia and Somalia southward to Uganda and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707601","slcbou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcbou1","avibase-0868B50D",null,null,"Meninga [Unyamwesi area of Tanganyika Terr.].","On some Birds collected by Capt. J. E. Speke at Kazeh in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/157/mode/1up","Dryoscopus funebris"],["18143","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius atroflavus","Shelley, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.124 pl.13","Yellow-breasted Boubou","Yellow-breasted Boubou","Yellow-breasted Boubou",null,null,"foothill to montane dense understory in forest, and in patches of remnant forest, and bamboo thickets, in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707597","yebbou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbou1","avibase-0D6B8ACA",null,null,"Oku, west of Kumbo, Cameroon.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Cameroons Mountain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/186/mode/1up","Laniarius atroflavus"],["18144","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius mufumbiri","Ogilvie-Grant, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.30","Papyrus Gonolek","Papyrus Gonolek","Papyrus Gonolek",null,null,"lowland to submontane papyrus swamps and reedbeds, usually beside meandering rivers and along lakeshores, from Uganda and southwestern Kenya southward to far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707593","papgon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papgon1","avibase-1E5D636D",null,null,"'Mufumbiro Volcanoes'; 'type' from near Vichumbi, Lake Edward (Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 616).","Descriptions of two new species of birds from the Mufumbiro Volcanoes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/58/mode/1up","Laniarius mufumbiri"],["18145","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius erythrogaster","(Cretzschmar, 1829)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.43 pl.29","Black-headed Gonolek","Black-headed Gonolek","Black-headed Gonolek",null,null,"lowland to foothill thornscrub, bushy grassland, riparian thickets, acacia woodland, and papyrus swamps, from northeastern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, and southern Chad eastward to southeastern Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707580","blhgon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhgon1","avibase-5E822C9C",null,null,"Kordofan, Sennaar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/261/mode/1up","Lanius erythrogaster"],["18146","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius barbarus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137","Yellow-crowned Gonolek","Yellow-crowned Gonolek","Yellow-crowned Gonolek",null,null,"lowland dense undergrowth in dry wooded savanna, riverine bush, and mangroves, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to central Mali and southern Chad, and southward to coastal Sierra Leone and northern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707575","comgon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comgon1","avibase-5B3BD7A0",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","Lanius barbarus"],["18147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius barbarus helenae","Kelsall, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of coastal Sierra Leone",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9F424B1",null,null,"a small mangrove-covered island just off Bonthe, Sherbro Island, Sierra Leone.","Description of a new species of Shrike from Sierra Leone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/113/mode/1up","Laniarius helenae"],["18148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius barbarus barbarus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Nigeria, far northern Cameroon, and southern Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7D0417D",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","Lanius barbarus"],["18149","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius nigerrimus","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114","Black Boubou","Coastal Boubou","Manda Boubou",null,null,"patchy in lowland riparian scrub, tall scrubby woodland, acacia thickets, and thornscrub, from southeastern Somalia southward to coastal northeastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735536","sombou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sombou1","avibase-E7DC526A",null,null,"Kipini, East Africa","Neue Vögel aus Ostafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Dryoscopus nigerrimus"],["18150","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ruficeps","(Shelley, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.402 pl.10","Red-naped Bushshrike","Red-naped Bushshrike","Red-naped Bushshrike",null,null,"lowland and foothill thornscrub from Eritrea, eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward to southeastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707518","renbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renbus1","avibase-C59DFD44",null,null,"Somaliland; type from Burao, 70 miles south of Berbera (Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 299).","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/448/mode/1up","Dryoscopus ruficeps"],["18151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ruficeps ruficeps","(Shelley, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.402 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B25ECFCA",null,null,"Somaliland; type from Burao, 70 miles south of Berbera (Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 299).","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/448/mode/1up","Dryoscopus ruficeps"],["18152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ruficeps rufinuchalis","(Sharpe, 1895)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to Ethiopia, Djibouti, and southeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5627B201",null,null,"Dabulli and Tooloo Duroo [in about lat. 7°-8° N. and long. 41° E., Abyssinia]; 'type' from 'Duru' (Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 300).","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/581/mode/1up","Dryoscopus rufinuchalis"],["18153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ruficeps kismayensis","(Erlanger, 1901)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Somalia and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F9333AF",null,null,"Kismayu, mouth of Juba River.","Einige neue Arten aus Nordostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/200/mode/1up","Dryoscopus ruficeps kismayensis"],["18154","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius amboimensis","Moltoni, 1932","Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale in Milano 71 p.175","Gabela Bushshrike","Gabela Bushshrike","Gabela Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland to foothill understory of evergreen escarpment forest, degraded farmbush and plantations, of northwestern and western Angola",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707540","gabbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabbus1","avibase-EB2CB5F5",null,null,"Amboim.","Uccelli d'Angola raccolti da L. Fenaroli durante la spedizione 1930 Baragiola-Durini.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/264880#page/95/mode/1up","Laniarius lühderi amboimensis"],["18155","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius luehderi","Reichenow, 1874","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.101","Lühder's Bushshrike","Lühder's Bushshrike","Lühder's Bushshrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane open secondary forest, and overgrown plantations, from southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to Rwanda, Burundi, and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707524","luebus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luebus1","avibase-5AF20251",null,null,"Cameroon Delta.","[Neue westafrikanische Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/113/mode/1up","Laniarius lühderi"],["18156","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius brauni","Bannerman, 1939","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.4 p.748 pl.16","Braun's Bushshrike","Braun's Bushshrike","Braun's Bushshrike",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland understory of degraded secondary forest, gallery forest, and escarpment forest in northwestern Angola",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707532","brabus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brabus1","avibase-EDE3A983",null,null,"Quicolungo, Angola [about 9° 50' S. lat.; 15° 20' E. long.]. '","A new Bush-Shrike from Angola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb07200.x","Laniarius lühderi brauni"],["18157","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius bicolor","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.112","Swamp Boubou","Swamp Boubou","Swamp Boubou",null,null,"lowland papyrus swamp and reedbeds, riverine thickets, and mangroves, from coastal Cameroon and Gabon southward to western Angola, thence eastward to northern Namibia, western Zambia, and northern Botswana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707566","gabbou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabbou1","avibase-1776533D",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/186/mode/1up","Dryoscopus bicolor"],["18158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius bicolor bicolor","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of Cameroon to Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32E1C46C",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/186/mode/1up","Dryoscopus bicolor"],["18159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius bicolor guttatus","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Congo River (western Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8DD844D",null,null,"Benguella Province, Angola.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by Mr. J. J. Monteiro in the Province of Benguela, Angola, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/118/mode/1up","Dryoscopus guttatus"],["18160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius bicolor sticturus","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to western Zambia, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC694F0D",null,null,"Lake Ngami.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/364/mode/1up","Laniarius sticturus"],["18161","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius aethiopicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.824","Ethiopian Boubou","Ethiopian Boubou",null,"2025-0496","<em>Laniarius major</em> (polytypic) is provisionally split from<em> L. aethiopicus</em> (monotypic) based on available mitochondrial DNA evidence (Nguembock et al. 2008). Broader geographic and genetic sampling is needed to determine species limits in these groups.","lowland to montane forest edge, bamboo thickets, juniper woodland, miombo woodland, acacia scrub, and tall grass savanna, from Eritrea eastward to northern Somalia, and southward through Ethiopia to eastern South Sudan and far northern Kenya",null,null,null,"trobou2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trobou2","avibase-EBC3B53B",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/325/mode/1up","Turdus aethiopicus"],["18162","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius sublacteus","(Cassin, 1851)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.10 p.246","East Coast Boubou","Zanzibar Boubou","Zanzibar Boubou",null,null,"lowland to submontane understory of highland forest, coastal forest, riparian thickets, and woody tangles in cultivation, from coastal southern Somalia southward through coastal Kenya to northeastern Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735541","zanbou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zanbou1","avibase-0133C47B",null,null,"East Africa? (Grant and M.-Praed restricted the type locality arbitrarily to Mombasa in 1944, and again to Lamu in 1948.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/272/mode/1up","Dryoscopus sublacteus"],["18163","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius turatii","(Verreaux, 1858)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.304, pl.7","Turati's Boubou","Turati's Boubou","Turati's Boubou",null,null,"lowland savanna woodland, mostly in dense canopy, from southern Senegal and Guinea-Bissau southward to Sierra Leone",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707554","turbou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turbou1","avibase-E294BEED",null,null,"'Senegal' in error = Portuguese Guinea (see Bannerman, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Afr., 5, p. 396).","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/308/mode/1up","Dryoscopus turatii"],["18164","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius major","(Hartlaub, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.108-109","Tropical Boubou","Tropical Boubou",null,"2025-0496","<em>Laniarius major</em> (polytypic) is provisionally split from<em> L. aethiopicus</em> (monotypic) based on available mitochondrial DNA evidence (Nguembock et al. 2008). Broader geographic and genetic sampling is needed to determine species limits in these groups.","lowland to montane riverine lowland forest edges, and miombo woodland, from Guinea eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,"trobou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trobou1","avibase-07F940AA",null,null,"Elmina, Gold Coast.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/118/mode/1up","Telephonus major"],["18165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius major major","(Hartlaub, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.108-109",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan, Kenya, and Tanzania, southward to Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-156FD358",null,null,"Elmina, Gold Coast.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/118/mode/1up","Telephonus major"],["18166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius major ambiguus","Madarász, 1904","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 2 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86522C6B",null,null,"Kiboscho and Moschi [Kilimanjaro].","Zur Ornis deutsch-Ostafrikas.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1904_Vol_2_1_203.pdf","Laniarius ambiguus"],["18167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius major limpopoensis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.246-247",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe (Limpopo River Valley) and northeastern South Africa (northern Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA5A59B5",null,null,"Lilliput, Njellele River, Mapogone, Malala Drift (Zoutpansberg District) and Manetsi River, S. E. Rhodesia, all . . . in the low country north of Zoutpansberg. Restricted type locality Lilliput, Sand River, Zoutpansberg District, see Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 619.","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/328/mode/1up","Laniarius ferrugineus limpopoensis"],["18168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius major mossambicus","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1880)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.150 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia (except northern and northwestern) and Malawi to northern and eastern Botswana, Zimbabwe (except southeastern), and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-805EAA56",null,null,"? Mozambique.","Ueber eine dritte Collection von Vogelbälgen aus Ost-Afrika, gesammelt von Dr. G. A. Fischer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/153/mode/1up","Dryoscopus major mossambicus"],["18169","species","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ferrugineus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.306","Southern Boubou","Southern Boubou","Southern Boubou",null,null,"lowland semiarid dense woodland, riverine thickets, and coastal scrub, from far southeastern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique southward to southeastern Botswana, Eswatini, and southern South Africa (west to Western Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707571","soubou1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soubou1","avibase-2849059D",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/318/mode/1up","Lanius ferrugineus"],["18170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ferrugineus transvaalensis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, lowlands of northern South Africa (North West and Limpopo, except for the Limpopo River Valley, to eastern Mpumalanga and northern KwaZulu-Natal) and eastern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76463D6C",null,null,"Swaziland, Barberton, Lydenburg, Zoutpansberg highveld, Waterberg, and Rustenberg Districts. Restricted type locality Louwe Creek, near Barberton; see Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 619.","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/328/mode/1up","Laniarius ferrugineus transvaalensis"],["18171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ferrugineus tongensis","Roberts, 1931","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14, pt.3 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (coastal KwaZulu-Natal) and southeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B696668",null,null,"Monaba, North Zululand.","Some new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_638","Laniarius ferrugineus tongensis"],["18172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ferrugineus natalensis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern South Africa (western and southern KwaZulu-Natal southward to southwestern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86855458",null,null,"Weenen and Dargle District in Natal uplands. Restricted type locality Weenen, Natal, see Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 619.","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/328/mode/1up","Laniarius ferrugineus natalensis"],["18173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ferrugineus pondoensis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Africa (eastern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D6B2FD",null,null,"Port St. John's, Pondoland [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/328/mode/1up","Laniarius ferrugineus pondoensis"],["18174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ferrugineus savensis","Pinto, 1963","Memórias do Instituto de Investigação Científica de Moçambique 5 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana to southeastern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-958C752D",null,null,"[Mozambique north of 20° 20' S and south of Save River]","Notas sobre uma recente colecção de aves de Moçambique do Museo Dr. Álvaro de Castro, com a descrição de duas novas subespécies.",null,"Laniarius ferrugineus savensis"],["18175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Malaconotidae","Bushshrikes and allies","Laniarius ferrugineus ferrugineus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (southern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BACC36CB",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/318/mode/1up","Lanius ferrugineus"],["18176","family","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteiridae",null,null,"Wattle-eyes and Batises","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batises and Wattle-eyes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"platys1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/platys1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18177","genus","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Lanioturdus","Waterhouse, 1838","An expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa, through the hitherto undescribed countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras 2 App. p.264",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanioturdus torquatus [Waterhouse, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Lanioturdus"],["18178","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Lanioturdus torquatus","Waterhouse, 1838","An expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa, through the hitherto undescribed countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras 2 App. p.264","White-tailed Shrike","White-tailed Shrike","Ground Batis",null,null,"lowland acacia thornscrub, miombo and mopane woodland, teak woodland, and wooded scrub on rocky hillsides, from southwestern Angola southward to west-central Namibia; some seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707446","whtshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtshr1","avibase-7DF5859A",null,null,"Bull's Mouth Pass, Boschman Land [inland from Walvis Bay].",null,null,"Lanioturdus torquatus"],["18179","genus","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Dyaphorophyia","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.653",null,null,null,"2025-0507","The genus <em>Dyaphorophyia </em>is restricted to three species (<em>D. castanea, D. hormophora,</em> and <em>D. tonsa</em>), and the remaining species (<em>concreta, blissetti, jamesoni,</em> and <em>chalybea</em>) placed in an enlarged <em>Platysteira </em>based on relationships inferred using both mitochondrial (Njabo et al. 2008; Fuchs et al. 2012; Erard et al. 2019) and nuclear (Njabo et al. 2008) DNA data.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Platystira leucopygialis [Fraser, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 52). = Platysteira castanea Fraser, 1843  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/663/mode/1up","Dyaphorophyia"],["18180","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Dyaphorophyia hormophora","Reichenow, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.2 p.285","West African Wattle-eye","West African Wattle-eye","West African Wattle-eye",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory of Upper Guinean rainforest, secondary forest near streams, cocoa plantations, and farmbush, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southern Benin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736075","weawae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weawae1","avibase-E366E35F",null,null,"no locality; type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Misahohe, Togoland, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 426.","[Beschreibungen einige afrikanische Fliegenfänger].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/295/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia hormophora"],["18181","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Dyaphorophyia castanea","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.141","Chestnut Wattle-eye","Chestnut Wattle-eye","Chestnut Wattle-eye",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory of primary and secondary forest, flooded and managed woodland, and abandoned plantations, from southern Nigeria eastward, through Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola, far northern Zambia, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103704564","chweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chweye1","avibase-8D562259",null,null,"Clarence (= Malabo), Fernando Po.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/293/mode/1up","Platysteira castanea"],["18182","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Dyaphorophyia tonsa","Bates, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.86","White-spotted Wattle-eye","White-spotted Wattle-eye","White-spotted Wattle-eye",null,null,"lowland to foothill mature forest, from southeastern Nigeria eastward through southwestern Central African Republic to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to Gabon, adjacent Republic of the Congo, and far western Democratic Republic on the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707950","wsweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wsweye1","avibase-DA3F921A",null,null,"Bitye, Ja (= Dja) River, southern Cameroon.","Exhibition and description of two new species of birds from Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/114/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia tonsa"],["18183","genus","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira","Jardine & Selby, 1830","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 addenda p.132",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa melanoptera [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 31). = Muscicapa cyanea Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/358/mode/1up","Platysteira"],["18184","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira concreta","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.360","Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye","Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye",null,"2025-0508","Taxon <em>ansorgei </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Platysteira concreta</em> pending further investigation. Considerable variation in plumage (Harris &amp; Franklin 2000) occurs within <em>P. concreta sensu lato, </em>but a more comprehensive analysis of behavior and vocalizations is required. While mitochondrial DNA analyses have identified some deep divergences within the complex (Njabo et al. 2008; Fuchs et al. 2004; Erard et al. 2019), taxon sampling is incomplete, making any splits premature.","lowland to montane forest understory from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to western Kenya, and southward to western Angola and far western Tanzania",null,null,null,"ybweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ybweye1","avibase-3B66D504",null,null,"Guinea; restricted to Gold Coast (= Ghana) by Serle, 1952, Ibis, 94, p. 686, but Guinea just as reasonable.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, holländischem Residenten an der Goldküste, daselbst gesammelten Vögelarten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/372/mode/1up","Platystira concreta"],["18185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira concreta concreta","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AB36AF8",null,null,"Guinea; restricted to Gold Coast (= Ghana) by Serle, 1952, Ibis, 94, p. 686, but Guinea just as reasonable.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, holländischem Residenten an der Goldküste, daselbst gesammelten Vögelarten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/372/mode/1up","Platystira concreta"],["18186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira concreta ansorgei","(Hartert, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"escarpment of western Angola (Cuanza Norte to northern Huila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18AC0675",null,null,"Cabega de Ladroes, Benguela, Angola.","On three new African species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/686/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia ansorgei"],["18187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira concreta graueri","(Hartert, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB278C60",null,null,"primeval forest 90 kilometers west of Lake Albert Edward (= Lake Edward), Belgian Congo; altitude 1,600 meters.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from Africa, India, and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/379/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia graueri"],["18188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira concreta kungwensis","(Moreau, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"far western Tanzania (Mahale Mountains: Mount Nkungwe and Mount Mahale)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32408ADD",null,null,"forest. above Ujambwa, Mt. Kungwe (= Nkungwe), Tanganyika; altitude 7,000 feet.","New Race of Flycatcher from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/53/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia ansorgei kungwensis"],["18189","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira blissetti","(Sharpe, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.60 p.451","Red-cheeked Wattle-eye","Red-cheeked Wattle-eye","Red-cheeked Wattle-eye",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill dense understory of primary and secondary forest, coastal thickets, and plantations, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to western Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707957","rcweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcweye1","avibase-5369EE11",null,null,"Gold Coast.","LXVII. Description of some new Species of Birds in the National Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/465/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia Blissetti"],["18190","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira jamesoni","(Sharpe, 1890)","The story of the rear column of the Emin Pasha relief expedition p.398","Jameson's Wattle-eye","Jameson's Wattle-eye","Jameson's Wattle-eye",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane dense understory of primary and secondary forest, and patches of degraded forest, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward through Uganda to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to far northern Tanzania and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707975","jaweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jaweye1","avibase-7DC78D7A",null,null,"Yambuya, Aruwimi River, Belgian Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108826#page/448/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia jamesoni"],["18191","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira chalybea","(Reichenow, 1897)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.46","Black-necked Wattle-eye","Black-necked Wattle-eye","Black-necked Wattle-eye",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill dense undergrowth of primary and secondary forest, regenerated flooded forest, and plantations, from Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, and southward to Gabon and northwestern Republic of Congo, and in northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707966","bnweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnweye1","avibase-8091726A",null,null,"Bipinde, Cameroon.","Diaphorphyia chalybea Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/62/mode/1up","Diaphorophyia chalybea"],["18192","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira albifrons","Sharpe, 1873","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.159","White-fronted Wattle-eye","White-fronted Wattle-eye","White-fronted Wattle-eye",null,null,"lowland dry thickets in woodland, gallery forest, mangrove forest edge, and coffee plantations, in coastal western Angola from Congo River mouth southward to Benguela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707934","wfweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfweye1","avibase-E8A10389",null,null,"Loge River, Angola.","On the Genus Platystira and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/181/mode/1up","Platystira albifrons"],["18193","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira cyanea","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.170","Brown-throated Wattle-eye","Brown-throated Wattle-eye","Brown-throated Wattle-eye",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, secondary forest, farmbush, gardens, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward through southern Chad and South Sudan to western Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Angola, northern Tanzania, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707924","btweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btweye2","avibase-E15225F1",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/190/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanea"],["18194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira cyanea cyanea","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Gabon, Angola, western Central African Republic, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63D419D3",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/190/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanea"],["18195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira cyanea nyansae","Neumann, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Central African Republic and eastern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern South Sudan, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-153467DB",null,null,"Bukoba, Victoria Nyansa (= Lake Victoria).","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/224/mode/1up","Platysteira cyanea nyansae"],["18196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira cyanea aethiopica","Neumann, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B843D87B",null,null,"Banka, in Malo, southern Abyssinia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/224/mode/1up","Platysteira cyanea aethiopica"],["18197","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira laticincta","Bates, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.91","Banded Wattle-eye","Banded Wattle-eye","Banded Wattle-eye",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, forest edge, and bamboo thicket in Bamenda Highlands of western Cameroon",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707929","baweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baweye1","avibase-95172DDC",null,null,"Oku, west of Kumbo, Cameroon; altitude 6,000 feet or more.","Descriptions of seven new birds from N.W. Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/129/mode/1up","Platysteira laticincta"],["18198","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira peltata","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.105","Black-throated Wattle-eye","Black-throated Wattle-eye","Black-throated Wattle-eye",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, gallery forest, gardens, and mangroves, from southwestern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and southern Somalia, thence southward through Tanzania, including Mafia Island, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, to western Angola and southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707938","btweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btweye1","avibase-16935B44",null,null,"'Caffraria inferiore.' Type from Umlalazi River, Zululand, Natal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1934, Ibis, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/115/mode/1up","Platystira peltata"],["18199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira peltata cryptoleuca","Oberholser, 1905","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 28, no.1411 p.913",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia to eastern Zimbabwe and northern Mozambique; Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2E8A7F3",null,null,"Useri River, plains of Mt. Kilimanjaro.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region, East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52788#page/1009/mode/1up","Platysteira cryptoleuca"],["18200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira peltata mentalis","Bocage, 1878","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC6254E7",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/268/mode/1up","Platystira mentalis"],["18201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Platysteira peltata peltata","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia to Malawi, Mozambique, eastern Zimbabwe, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A2DF54F",null,null,"'Caffraria inferiore.' Type from Umlalazi River, Zululand, Natal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1934, Ibis, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/115/mode/1up","Platystira peltata"],["18202","genus","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis","Boie, 1833","Isis von Oken 26, heft 9 col.880",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa capensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4, p. 133).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47583#page/476/mode/1up","Batis"],["18203","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis margaritae","Boulton, 1934","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47 p.47","Margaret's Batis","Margaret's Batis","Margaret's Batis",null,null,"disjunctly in montane forest in western Angola, and open dry and riverine forest of southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia (possibly far eastern Angola)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707830","boubat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boubat1","avibase-5D9428D8",null,null,"Mt. Moco, Angola; altitude 6,500 feet.","New Birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/67/mode/1up","Batis margaritae"],["18204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis margaritae margaritae","Boulton, 1934","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola (Mount Moco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0ECEE82",null,null,"Mt. Moco, Angola; altitude 6,500 feet.","New Birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/67/mode/1up","Batis margaritae"],["18205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis margaritae kathleenae","White, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Zambia and adjacent far southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3839E4E",null,null,"Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia.","A new Species of Flycatcher from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/76/mode/1up","Batis kathleenae"],["18206","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis mixta","(Shelley, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.359 pl.40","Short-tailed Batis","Short-tailed Batis",null,"2025-0510","Taxon <em>reichenowi </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Batis mixta</em> based on genetic evidence and reassessment of plumages following Fjeldså et al. (2006). Plumages within this complex are variable and mitochondrial DNA data showed <em>reichenowi </em>nested within <em>B. mixta</em>; genomic and vocal evidence would be needed to justify a split.","patchy in lowland to montane thickets, juniper forest, and coastal woodland, from southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania southward to southeastern Tanzania (possibly northern Mozambique)",null,null,null,"shtbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtbat1","avibase-D91540DE",null,null,"Kilimanjaro; altitude 6,000-7,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/475/mode/1up","Pachyprora mixta"],["18207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis mixta mixta","(Shelley, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.359 pl.40",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya, northern Tanzania southward to the Usambara, Nguu, and Nguru Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDC8A3E6",null,null,"Kilimanjaro; altitude 6,000-7,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/475/mode/1up","Pachyprora mixta"],["18208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis mixta reichenowi","Grote, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania (Mikindani to Lindi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90A3BA20",null,null,"Mikindani, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/178/mode/1up","Batis reichenowi"],["18209","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis crypta","Fjeldså, Bowie & Kiure, 2006","Journal für Ornithologie 147, no.4 p.587","Dark Batis","Dark Batis","Dark Batis",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane patches of evergreen forest in highlands of eastern and southern Tanzania, and adjacent northwestern Malawi; some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734421","darbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darbat1","avibase-ADB0C99F",null,null,"Mdandu forest in the Kipengere range W of Njombe, Ludewa District, Iringa Region, Tanzania","The forest batis, Batis mixta, is two species: description of a new, narrowly distributed Batis species in the Eastern Arc biodiversity hotspot","http://tanzaniabirds.net/African_birds/batis_forest/batis-mixta_Fjeldsa.pdf","Batis crypta"],["18210","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis diops","Jackson, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.38","Rwenzori Batis","Rwenzori Batis","Rwenzori Batis",null,null,"foothill to montane evergreen forest, particularly with bamboo, and cloudforest, in the Albertine Rift highlands of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastward to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707826","ruwbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwbat1","avibase-B8BAD214",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On two new species of birds from Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/648/mode/1up","Batis diops"],["18211","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327","Cape Batis","Cape Batis","Cape Batis","2025-0509","Taxon <em>dimorpha </em>(polytypic, including <em>sola</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Batis capensis</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, bill length, vocalizations, and genetics (Fjeldså et al. 2006; Fjeldså &amp; Bowie 2021). In addition, both species occur in Malawi, with <em>B. c. erythrophthalma </em>identified from the Zomba Plateau, indicating parapatry or sympatry.","patchy in lowland to montane forest edge, dense bush, and miombo woodland, from central Zimbabwe and western Mozambique southward to Eswatini, Lesotho, and southern South Africa; local altitudinal migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731056","capbat10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capbat10","avibase-9E17E8D0",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","Muscicapa capensis"],["18212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis capensis kennedyi","Smithers & Paterson, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Zimbabwe (Mopoto Hills region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9CAD5CC",null,null,"Mchabezi valley, Matopos, lat. 20° 29' S., long. 28° 46V 2 ' E., Southern Rhodesia.","New Geographical Races of Camaroptera fasciolata and Batis capensis from Southern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/162/mode/1up","Batis capensis kennedyi"],["18213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis capensis erythrophthalma","Swynnerton, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern highlands of Zimbabwe and adjacent western Mozambique, also locally in southern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F7AF483",null,null,"Chirinda Forest (= Mt. Selinda), Gazaland; altitude 3,900 feet.","Exhibition of examples of two new Flycatchers from Gazaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/533/mode/1up","Batis erythrophthalma"],["18214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis capensis hollidayi","Clancey, 1952","Annals of the Natal Museum 12 p.257 pl.8 fig.c,d",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Mozambique (Lebombo Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-345928EA",null,null,"Gwaliweni Forest, Lebombo Mountains, Zululand.","A systematic account of the birds collected on the Natal Museum Expedition to the Lebombo Mountains and Tongaland, July, 1951.",null,"Batis capensis hollidayi"],["18215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis capensis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa, eastward to Free State and southern KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC7BB4B9",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","Muscicapa capensis"],["18216","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis dimorpha","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.18","Malawi Batis","Malawi Batis","Malawi Batis","2025-0509","Taxon <em>dimorpha </em>(polytypic, including <em>sola</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Batis capensis</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, bill length, vocalizations, and genetics (Fjeldså et al. 2006; Fjeldså &amp; Bowie 2021). In addition, both species occur in Malawi, with <em>B. c. erythrophthalma </em>identified from the Zomba Plateau, indicating parapatry or sympatry.","foothill to montane rainforest of northern Malawi and adjacent eastern Zambia southward to southern Malawi and adjacent northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707847","capbat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capbat2","avibase-F2A919A8",null,null,"Milanji ( = Mlanje) Plateau, Nyasaland.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/48/mode/1up","Pachyprora dimorpha"],["18217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis dimorpha sola","Lawson, 1964","Durban Museum Novitates 7 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Malawi (Mwantjati to Nyika)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D7BA572",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, Zambia, lat. 10° 35' S., long. 33° 42' E.; altitude 7,000 feet.","Systematic notes on African birds III. Geographical variation in the Cape Batis Batis capensis (Linnaeus).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1325","Batis capensis sola"],["18218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis dimorpha dimorpha","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Malawi and adjacent Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41D82AB2",null,null,"Milanji ( = Mlanje) Plateau, Nyasaland.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/48/mode/1up","Pachyprora dimorpha"],["18219","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis fratrum","(Shelley, 1900)","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.23 p.522","Woodwards' Batis","Woodwards' Batis","Woodwards' Batis",null,null,"southern Malawi to eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and KwaZulu-Natal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707858","woobat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woobat1","avibase-B9669030",null,null,"Lake St. Lucia, Zululand.","On the Birds of St. Lucia Lake in Zululand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/582/mode/1up","Pachyprora fratrum"],["18220","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis molitor","(Küster, 1850)","Voegel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika, und Neuholland (etc.) [\"1836\"] Lief.20 pl.2,text","Chinspot Batis","Chinspot Batis","Chinspot Batis",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded savanna, miombo and acacia woodland, open montane forest, and plantations, from southeastern Gabon eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Namibia and southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707864","chibat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chibat1","avibase-C5C38D98",null,null,"South Africa. Type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Kaffirland, fide Neumann, 1907, Journ. Ornith., 55, p. 356, from Baviaans River, eastern Cape Province, fide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge, Tervuren, n. s., 4°, Sci. Zool., 1, p. 81.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185536#page/369/mode/1up","Muscicapa molitor"],["18221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis molitor puella","Reichenow, 1893","Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 10 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, western Kenya, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A47EE3A7",null,null,"no locality; type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Busisi, south shore of Lake Victoria, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 421.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43473#page/144/mode/1up","Batis puella"],["18222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis molitor pintoi","Lawson, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to Angola, southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84B9B967",null,null,"Fazenda do Cuito (Moco), Angola; altitude 1,620 meters.","A new race of the flycatcher Batis molitor from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/170/mode/1up","Batis molitor pintoi"],["18223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis molitor palliditergum","Clancey, 1955","Ostrich 26 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Namibia, Botswana, Malawi, and northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-898377D1",null,null,"Sand River, east of Newington, eastern Transvaal.","The description of a new race of White-flanked Batis from South Africa.",null,"Batis molitor palliditergum"],["18224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis molitor molitor","(Küster, 1850)","Voegel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika, und Neuholland (etc.) [\"1836\"] Lief.20 pl.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17477F72",null,null,"South Africa. Type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Kaffirland, fide Neumann, 1907, Journ. Ornith., 55, p. 356, from Baviaans River, eastern Cape Province, fide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge, Tervuren, n. s., 4°, Sci. Zool., 1, p. 81.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185536#page/369/mode/1up","Muscicapa molitor"],["18225","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis soror","Reichenow, 1903","Die Vögel Afrikas 2 pt2 p.485","Pale Batis","Pale Batis","East Coast Batis",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, miombo woodland, coastal woodland, and brushy open country, from coastal Kenya and eastern Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, southward to Mozambique, and westward to eastern Malawi and far eastern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707868","palbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palbat1","avibase-5A58B69A",null,null,"Zanzibar and Nyasa region to Quelimane, Mozambique; restricted to Songea, southern Tanganyika, by Neumann, 1907, Journ. Ornith., 55, p. 357.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48992#page/515/mode/1up","Batis puella soror"],["18226","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis pririt","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.486","Pririt Batis","Pririt Batis","Pririt Batis",null,null,"lowland acacia thornscrub, dry woodland, and tamarisk along watercourses, from southwestern Angola southward through Namibia and Botswana to central and southwestern South Africa (eastward to Free State and western Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707873","pribat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pribat1","avibase-982B2C3A",null,null,"labeled 'Le Gobe Mouches Pririt' land of the Kaffirs and Great Namaquas; restricted to Somerset East, Cape Province, by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Ornith. Western South Africa, p. 120.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/496/mode/1up","Muscicapa pririt"],["18227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis pririt affinis","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to Namibia, western Botswana, and northwestern South Africa (northwestern Northern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD1DFC28",null,null,"'in Mimosis terrae Damararum.' Type, in Riksmuseet, Stockholm, from Swakop River, Damaraland, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1927, Arkiv Zool., 19 A, no. 1, p. 65.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/228/mode/1up","Platystira affinis"],["18228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis pririt pririt","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"central Botswana and central South Africa (east to Free State and western Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9D186F4",null,null,"labeled 'Le Gobe Mouches Pririt' land of the Kaffirs and Great Namaquas; restricted to Somerset East, Cape Province, by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Ornith. Western South Africa, p. 120.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/496/mode/1up","Muscicapa pririt"],["18229","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327","Senegal Batis","Senegal Batis","Senegal Batis",null,null,"lowland to foothill thornscrub, wooded savanna, sparsely wooded grassland, and acacia woodland, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward, avoiding rainforest, to central Niger, Nigeria, and northern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707877","senbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/senbat1","avibase-66B40819",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","Muscicapa senegalensis"],["18230","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis orientalis","(Heuglin, 1870)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.449","Grey-headed Batis","Gray-headed Batis","Grey-headed Batis",null,null,"lowland to montane dry wooded savanna, acacia woodland, and dense thorn-scrub, from northeastern Nigeria and southern Chad eastward to central and northeastern Sudan and Somalia, southward to Central African Republic and northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707881","gyhbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbat1","avibase-A6DFFC15",null,null,"no locality; type from Modat Valley, Bogosland, Eritrea, fide Neumann, 1907, Journ. Ornith., 55, p. 350.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105306#page/41/mode/1up","Platystira orientalis"],["18231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis orientalis chadensis","Alexander, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Nigeria to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad, Sudan, and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F11428A7",null,null,"Arrigi, Lake Chad = Arege, Nigeria.","Exhibition of a new species of Flycatcher from Lake Chad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/131/mode/1up","Batis chadensis"],["18232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis orientalis lynesi","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sudan (eastern Red Sea Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A217E9D",null,null,"Sinkat, Red Sea Province, Sudan.","New Races of Flycatchers from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/122/mode/1up","Batis orientalis lynesi"],["18233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis orientalis orientalis","(Heuglin, 1870)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C929B71E",null,null,"no locality; type from Modat Valley, Bogosland, Eritrea, fide Neumann, 1907, Journ. Ornith., 55, p. 350.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105306#page/41/mode/1up","Platystira orientalis"],["18234","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis erlangeri","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.353","Western Black-headed Batis","Western Black-headed Batis","Western Black-headed Batis",null,null,"lowland to montane secondary forest, open woodland, and wooded grassland, from southeastern Nigeria and central Cameroon eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to northern Angola, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734102","bkhbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhbat1","avibase-DF7C8FC5",null,null,"Garamulata, near Harar, Abyssinia.","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/381/mode/1up","Batis minor erlangeri"],["18235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis erlangeri erlangeri","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, northwestern Tanzania, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B4271CD",null,null,"Garamulata, near Harar, Abyssinia.","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/381/mode/1up","Batis minor erlangeri"],["18236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis erlangeri congoensis","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon and southern Congo southward to northern Angola, and eastward to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C982CE51",null,null,"Ngombi am Kongo [Ngombi on the Congo River]","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/382/mode/1up","Batis minor congoensis"],["18237","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis minor","Erlanger, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.181","Eastern Black-headed Batis","Eastern Black-headed Batis","Eastern Black-headed Batis",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia steppe, riparian and semi-deciduous woodland, from southern Somalia southward through southeastern Kenya, including Manda Island, to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725117","bkhbat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhbat2","avibase-90D0D245",null,null,"Salole, Juba River, Italian Somaliland.","Einige neue Arten aus Nordostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/199/mode/1up","Batis orientalis minor"],["18238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis minor minor","Erlanger, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7A8EA25",null,null,"Salole, Juba River, Italian Somaliland.","Einige neue Arten aus Nordostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/199/mode/1up","Batis orientalis minor"],["18239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis minor suahelica","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78C699C9",null,null,"no locality; type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Kaha, near Kilimanjaro, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 422.","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/381/mode/1up","Batis minor suahelicus"],["18240","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis perkeo","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.3 p.352","Pygmy Batis","Pygmy Batis","Pygmy Batis",null,null,"lowland and foothill thornscrub, acacia woodland, dry scrub, and lightly wooded grassland, from northeastern Uganda and southeastern South Sudan eastward to eastern Ethiopia and adjacent Somali, and southward through central Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707897","pygbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygbat1","avibase-5C9DDB02",null,null,"Darassam, Gurra country, southern Abyssinia.","Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/380/mode/1up","Batis perkeo"],["18241","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis minima","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.219","Gabon Batis","Gabon Batis","Gabon Batis",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest edge; old secondary growth, and old plantations, from southern Cameroon and southwestern Central Africa Republic, and southward through mainland Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to south-central Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707901","verbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verbat1","avibase-43F4D13C",null,null,"Gabon.","Description d'oiseaux nouveaux de l'Afrique méridionale et occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/223/mode/1up","Platystira minima"],["18242","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis ituriensis","Chapin, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.7 p.5 fig.2","Ituri Batis","Ituri Batis","Ituri Batis",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill secondary and (sometimes) primary forest, and degraded forest, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastward to west-central Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707906","itubat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/itubat1","avibase-45C905C5",null,null,"Gamangui, on the Nepoko River, Ituri district, Belgian Congo.","Description of four new birds from the Belgian Congo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4550/","Batis ituriensis"],["18243","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis poensis","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.34","Fernando Po Batis","Bioko Batis","Bioko Batis",null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707915","fepbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fepbat1","avibase-0718A157",null,null,"Bakaki (= Bakake), Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/406/mode/1up","Batis poensis"],["18244","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis occulta","Lawson, 1984","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 104 p.145","West African Batis","West African Batis","West African Batis",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane evergreen galley forest, especially open or degraded areas, plantations, and overgrown cultivation, from eastern Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southwestern Nigeria, and from eastern Nigeria eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, and southward to central Gabon and northern Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707910","weabat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weabat1","avibase-8662B6A1",null,null,"Grassfield, Mount Nimba, Liberia (7 30'N, 8 35'W)","The West African mainland forest dwelling population of Batis ; a new species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/185/mode/1up","Batis occultus"],["18245","species","Passeriformes","Platysteiridae","Wattle-eyes and Batises","Batis minulla","(Bocage, 1874)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 5 p.37","Angola Batis","Angola Batis","Angola Batis",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill forest edge, thickets, and escarpment scrub, from northern Republic of the Congo and southeastern Gabon, southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola), and eastward to western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and disjunctly in western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707920","angbat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/angbat1","avibase-F254EE2D",null,null,"Bibala, Moçâmedes, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54860#page/45/mode/1up","Platystira minulla"],["18246","family","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Vangidae",null,null,"Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and Allies","Vangas and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"vangid2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vangid2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18247","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Philentoma","Eyton, 1845","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.16, no.105 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Philentoma castaneum [Eyton, 1845]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa pyrhoptera Temminck, 1836  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19483#page/259/mode/1up","Philentoma"],["18248","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Philentoma velata","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.56, vol.3 pl.334,text","Maroon-breasted Philentoma","Maroon-breasted Philentoma","Maroon-breasted Philentoma",null,null,"tropical rainforest and mixed forest in the Malayan Peninsula, from southern Myanmar southwards to southern Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707998","mabphi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabphi2","avibase-5D96E28C",null,null,"Timor and Java; restricted to Java by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/185/mode/1up","Drymophila velata"],["18249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Philentoma velata caesia","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE586DEC",null,null,"Sumatra.","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/110/mode/1up","Monacha coesia"],["18250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Philentoma velata velata","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.56, vol.3 pl.334,text",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-920A4D6B",null,null,"Timor and Java; restricted to Java by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/185/mode/1up","Drymophila velata"],["18251","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Philentoma pyrhoptera","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.596 fig.2,text","Rufous-winged Philentoma","Rufous-winged Philentoma","Rufous-winged Philentoma",null,null,"tropical rainforest, swamp forest and adjacent plantations in the Malayan Peninsula from far southern Myanmar southward to southern Malaysia and satellite islands; Sumatra, Borneo, and Natuna Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707991","ruwphi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwphi2","avibase-B4722276",null,null,"Borneo and Sumatra; restricted to Borneo by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/229/mode/1up","Muscicapa pyrhoptera"],["18252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Philentoma pyrhoptera pyrhoptera","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.596 fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo and satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F769A2AC",null,null,"Borneo and Sumatra; restricted to Borneo by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/229/mode/1up","Muscicapa pyrhoptera"],["18253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Philentoma pyrhoptera dubia","Hartert, 1894","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.2 p.477-479",null,null,null,null,null,"Natuna Islands (China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14BF6366",null,null,"Bunguran, Natuna Islands.","First glimpses of the zoology of the Natuna Islands. II. List of the first collection of birds from the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/515/mode/1up","Philentoma dubium"],["18254","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius plumatus [Shaw, 1809]; type by monotypy = Lanius plumatus Shaw, 1809  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f47.item","Prionops"],["18255","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops plumatus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.292","White-crested Helmetshrike","White-crested Helmetshrike","White-crested Helmetshrike",null,null,"lowland and foothill savanna woodland, miombo woodland, and wooded grassland, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward (avoiding rainforest) to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa; altitudinal and seasonal wanderings",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707753","whihel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whihel1","avibase-3996ECD0",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/412/mode/1up","Lanius plumatus"],["18256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops plumatus plumatus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E12A0349",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/412/mode/1up","Lanius plumatus"],["18257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops plumatus concinnatus","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"central Cameroon eastward to southern Sudan, northern and western Ethiopia, Eritrea, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E68096E",null,null,"Rozeres ad Nilum (lat. 12°).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/140/mode/1up","Prionops concinnatus"],["18258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops plumatus cristatus","Rüppell, 1836","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.30, pl. 12, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, central and western Ethiopia, eastern South Sudan, eastern Uganda, and northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33AB36A0",null,null,"coast at Massowa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/110/mode/1up","Prionops (Lanius) cristatus"],["18259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops plumatus vinaceigularis","Richmond, 1897","The Auk 14, no.2 p.162-163",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia, Ethiopia, eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-704A9E97",null,null,"plains east of Mount Kilimanjaro.","Description of ten new species of birds discovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region of East Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/3/","Prionops vinaceigularis"],["18260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops plumatus poliocephalus","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.L",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania, Malawi, southern and eastern Zambia and Mozambique to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7FCC6F9",null,null,"no locality = Mozambique (see Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. On., 53, p. 217-218).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/650/mode/1up","Lanius poliocephalus"],["18261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops plumatus talacoma","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Kenya and Uganda to Angola, northern Namibia, northern and eastern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DA0650F",null,null,"between Latakoo and the tropic",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/125/mode/1up","Prionops talacoma"],["18262","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops poliolophus","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.180","Grey-crested Helmetshrike","Gray-crested Helmetshrike","Grey-crested Helmetshrike",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane savanna, especially with acacia or camphor bush, riparian forest, and lightly-wooded grassland, in southwestern Kenya and adjacent northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707760","gychel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gychel1","avibase-1F2F7323",null,null,"Lake Naivasha, Kenya.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/192/mode/1up","Prionops poliolophus"],["18263","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops alberti","Schouteden, 1933","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 24 p.211","Yellow-crested Helmetshrike","Yellow-crested Helmetshrike","Yellow-crested Helmetshrike",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane cloudforest and rainforest, in western Albertine Rift highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707769","yechel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yechel1","avibase-523B438A",null,null,"summit of Mt. Mikeno, 4,400 m., Kivu District.","Un oiseau nouveau du Parc Albert (Kivu).",null,"Prionops alberti"],["18264","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops caniceps","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.365","Red-billed Helmetshrike","Red-billed Helmetshrike","Red-billed Helmetshrike",null,null,"lowland forest and rainforest, from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward to southern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730676","chbhel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbhel1","avibase-B1EF3E4F",null,null,"West Africa = Boutry [Butre] River, Gold Coast (see Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., [Bremen], p. 105].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/569/mode/1up","Sigmodus caniceps"],["18265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops caniceps caniceps","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Mali to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CDE78BB",null,null,"West Africa = Boutry [Butre] River, Gold Coast (see Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., [Bremen], p. 105].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/569/mode/1up","Sigmodus caniceps"],["18266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops caniceps harterti","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Benin to western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-971E0EF5",null,null,"Degama, southern Nigeria.","Exhibition and description of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/96/mode/1up","Sigmodus caniceps harterti"],["18267","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops rufiventris","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.441","Rufous-bellied Helmetshrike","Rufous-bellied Helmetshrike","Rufous-bellied Helmetshrike",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, and rainforest, from southern Cameroon eastward to western Uganda, and southward through Gabon to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707783","rubhel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubhel1","avibase-1B2AF453",null,null,"Mozambique; error = Gabon (see Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., [Bremen], p. 105.","Monographie des Laniens. Suite.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/479/mode/1up","Sigmodus rufiventris"],["18268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops rufiventris rufiventris","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon and Central African Republic to Congo and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E99E6C97",null,null,"Mozambique; error = Gabon (see Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., [Bremen], p. 105.","Monographie des Laniens. Suite.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/479/mode/1up","Sigmodus rufiventris"],["18269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops rufiventris mentalis","(Sharpe, 1884)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 17 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-144F94DF",null,null,"Sassa (in Azande country; see Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist,, 75 B, p. 89).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98664#page/441/mode/1up","Sigmodus mentalis"],["18270","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops retzii","Wahlberg, 1856","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 13 p.174","Retz's Helmetshrike","Retz's Helmetshrike","Retz's Helmetshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf and miombo woodland, wooded savanna, and riverine woodland, from southern Somalia and southeastern Kenya southward, and from Angola eastward to Tanzania, thence southward to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707788","rethel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rethel1","avibase-5B9EA71C",null,null,"ad flumen Doughe, i. e. Okavango River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54172#page/184/mode/1up","Prionops retzii"],["18271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops retzii graculinus","Cabanis, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.412, pl. III",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to eastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2828C547",null,null,"Mombasa","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/428/mode/1up","Prionops graculinus"],["18272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops retzii tricolor","Gray, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania to Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, and eastern South Africa (southward to northern KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9961DD3",null,null,"Tete.","On a New Species of Prionops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/79/mode/1up","Prionops tricolor"],["18273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops retzii nigricans","(Neumann, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to northwestern Zambia and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24FB53AB",null,null,"Malange, north of Quanza, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/106/mode/1up","Sigmodus retzii nigricans"],["18274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops retzii retzii","Wahlberg, 1856","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 13 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Angola and southern Zambia to Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B488AEB",null,null,"ad flumen Doughe, i. e. Okavango River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54172#page/184/mode/1up","Prionops retzii"],["18275","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops gabela","Rand, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.43","Gabela Helmetshrike","Gabela Helmetshrike","Gabela Helmetshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry woodland, gallery forest, secondary forest, thickets, and coffee plantations in forest, in western Angola",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707794","anghel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anghel1","avibase-A7E4E1E5",null,null,"Gabela, 15 km. south, Angola.","Two new species of birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20888#page/9/mode/1up","Prionops gabela"],["18276","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops scopifrons","(Peters, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.11 p.422","Chestnut-fronted Helmetshrike","Chestnut-fronted Helmetshrike","Chestnut-fronted Helmetshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, riverine forest, and miombo woodland, from southern Somalia, central and coastal Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania southward to eastern Zimbabwe and eastern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707801","chfhel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chfhel1","avibase-E27EEDC5",null,null,"Mozambique.","Ueber eine neue Art der Gattung Sigmodus Temm..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1058/mode/1up","Sigmodus scopifrons"],["18277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops scopifrons kirki","(Sclater, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Somalia to eastern Kenya (Lamu) and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-029EDD3B",null,null,"Lamu.","Description of a new Red-billed Shrike from Lamu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/120/mode/1up","Sigmodus scopifrons kirki"],["18278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops scopifrons keniensis","(Van Someren, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9C555C0",null,null,"Meru, N. E. Mt. Kenia.","Description of a new subspecies of Helmet Shrike from Mt. Kenia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/486/mode/1up","Sigmodus scopifrons keniensis"],["18279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Prionops scopifrons scopifrons","(Peters, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.11 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to Mozambique and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F8A0AFD",null,null,"Mozambique.","Ueber eine neue Art der Gattung Sigmodus Temm..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1058/mode/1up","Sigmodus scopifrons"],["18280","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Megabyas","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Megabyas flammulata [J. & E. Verreaux, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/352/mode/1up","Megabyas"],["18281","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Megabyas flammulatus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.348","African Shrike-flycatcher","African Shrike-flycatcher","African Shrike-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to montane forest and old plantations, from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward through Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania, and southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia; partial intra-tropical migrant",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707807","afrshf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrshf1","avibase-18A968DB",null,null,"'Riviere d'Angers' = Muni River, Gabon.","[Descriptions d'Oiseaux nouveaux nouvellement découverts par les voyageurs dans divers pays].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/352/mode/1up","Megabyas flammulata"],["18282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Megabyas flammulatus flammulatus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.7 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Gabon, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95B5FE49",null,null,"'Riviere d'Angers' = Muni River, Gabon.","[Descriptions d'Oiseaux nouveaux nouvellement découverts par les voyageurs dans divers pays].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19471#page/352/mode/1up","Megabyas flammulata"],["18283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Megabyas flammulatus aequatorialis","Jackson, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to central Democratic Republic of the Congo, far southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya; also southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-555B82C1",null,null,"Entebbe, Uganda. Type from Kazi, Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria, fide Jackson and W. L. Sclater, 1938, Birds Kenya Uganda, p. 920.","On two new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/621/mode/1up","Megabias aequatorialis"],["18284","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Bias","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Platyrhynchos musicus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy = Platyrhynchos musicus Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/423/mode/1up","Bias"],["18285","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Bias musicus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.15","Black-and-white Shrike-flycatcher","Black-and-white Shrike-flycatcher","Black-and-white Shrike-flycatcher",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill forest and secondary woodland from Guinea-Bissau eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania, southward to northern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, of central Kenya and coastal eastern Tanzania, and from southern Malawi and Mozambique southward to eastern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707816","bawfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawfly1","avibase-F1A4B955",null,null,"Malimbe (= Malembo), Cabinda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/23/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos musicus"],["18286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Bias musicus musicus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to northern Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1932DFB4",null,null,"Malimbe (= Malembo), Cabinda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/23/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos musicus"],["18287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Bias musicus changamwensis","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEC68ED7",null,null,"Changamwe, Mombasa, Kenya.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/292/mode/1up","Bias musicus changamwensis"],["18288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Bias musicus clarens","Clancey, 1966","Durban Museum Novitates 7 (12) p.510",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi to eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B7EC57F",null,null,"mission near Massinga, Inhambane district, Sul do Save, Mozambique.","A catalogue of birds of the South African sub-region (Part IV: Families Sylviidae - Prionopidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1729","Bias musicus clarens"],["18289","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hemipus","Hodgson, 1844","The zoological miscellany 3 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hemipus picaecolor [Hodgson, 1844]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa picata Sykes, 1832",null,"Catalogue of Nipalese Birds collected between 1824 and 1844.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/104/mode/1up","Hemipus"],["18290","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hemipus hirundinaceus","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.20, vol.3 pl.119 fig.1,2","Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike","Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike","Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike",null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and associated islands (Simeulue, Nias, Riau and Lingga archipelagos, Bangka and Belitung islands), Borneo (including Banggi, off northern Borneo), Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706772","bwfshr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bwfshr2","avibase-98B4A716",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/241/mode/1up","Muscicapa hirundinacea"],["18291","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hemipus picatus","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.85","Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike","Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike","Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike",null,null,"lowland to submontane open forest, secondary forest, bamboo, scrub, and plantations, from western Himachal Pradesh (northern India) eastward through Himalayan foothills to south-central China, and southward to southwestern India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706769","bwfshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bwfshr1","avibase-B0066A99",null,null,"The Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/289/mode/1up","Muscicapa picata"],["18292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hemipus picatus capitalis","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas to northern Myanmar, southwestern China, northern Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2C2BE4C",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/687/mode/1up","Muscicapa ? capitalis"],["18293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hemipus picatus picatus","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India to southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-617FC332",null,null,"The Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/289/mode/1up","Muscicapa picata"],["18294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hemipus picatus intermedius","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBF36219",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/215/mode/1up","Hemipus intermedius"],["18295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hemipus picatus leggei","Whistler, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59, no.422 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB741FAD",null,null,"Ohiya, 5,800 feet, Ceylon.","A new Race of the Pied Shrike of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/132/mode/1up","Hemipus picatus leggei"],["18296","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius virgatus [Temminck, 1824]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/656/mode/1up","Tephrodornis"],["18297","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis affinis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.473","Sri Lanka Woodshrike","Sri Lanka Woodshrike","Sri Lanka Woodshrike",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703914","srlwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/srlwoo1","avibase-77F025E0",null,null,"Ceylon.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/529/mode/1up","Tephrodornis affinis"],["18298","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis pondicerianus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.939","Common Woodshrike","Common Woodshrike","Common Woodshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, second growth, bamboo, thornscrub, and dry wooded savanna, from eastern Pakistan eastward through Indian subcontinent to Indochina, and southward to southern Myanmar and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703875","comwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comwoo1","avibase-E410E9A6",null,null,"Tha Chang Tai [lat. 16° 51' N., long. 99°03'E.], Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/440/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] pondiceriana"],["18299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis pondicerianus pallidus","Ticehurst, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E6A5C65",null,null,"Larkana, Sind, West Pakistan.","A short account and remarks on the Avifauna of Mesopotamia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/86/mode/1up","Tephrodornis pondicerianus pallidus"],["18300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis pondicerianus pondicerianus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.939",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India to Myanmar, northern Thailand, and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54F56D71",null,null,"Tha Chang Tai [lat. 16° 51' N., long. 99°03'E.], Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/440/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] pondiceriana"],["18301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis pondicerianus orientis","Deignan, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-002F5877",null,null,"Krongpha [lat. 11° 49' N., long. 108° 42' E.], Annam.","A miscellany of new birds from eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/210/mode/1up","Tephrodornis pondiceriana orientis"],["18302","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis sylvicola","Jerdon, 1839","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.236-237","Malabar Woodshrike","Malabar Woodshrike","Malabar Woodshrike",null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats from Narbada River to Kerala)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703869","malwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malwoo1","avibase-AC47E292",null,null,"Malabar Coast of western India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/260/mode/1up","T[ephrodornis] Sylvicola"],["18303","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.43, vol.3 pl.256 fig.1","Large Woodshrike","Large Woodshrike","Large Woodshrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf forest, forest edge, secondary woodland, and mangroves, from western Uttarakhand (northern India) eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Eastern Ghats (northeastern Peninsular India), Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703834","larwoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larwoo1","avibase-DA88E410",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/17/mode/1up","Lanius virgatus"],["18304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus pelvicus","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Nepal to Assam) to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A36DCD4",null,null,"Nepal.","On some new species of the more typical Laniidae of Nepal.","https://archive.org/details/indiareviewjourn11837calc/page/446/mode/2up","[Ténthaca] Pelvica"],["18305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus jugans","Deignan, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.2 p.13-14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D6887A5",null,null,"Doi Langka = Khao Pha Cho [19° 00'N., 99° 25' E.], Thailand.","A miscellany of new birds from eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/209/mode/1up","Tephrodornis gularis jugans"],["18306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus verneyi","Kinnear, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EBAE0EB",null,null,"Ban Um Phang [lat. 15° 50' N., long. 98° 50' E.], Thailand.","Description of a new Wood-Shrike from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/130/mode/1up","Tephrodornis pelvicus verneyi"],["18307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus annectens","Robinson & Kloss, 1918","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8, pt.2 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E69D5001",null,null,"Ban Lam Ra [lat. 7° 40' N., long. 99° 35' E.], Thailand.","Results of an expedition to Korinchi Peak, Sumatra. Part II. Birds.",null,"Tephrodornis pelvica subsp. annectens"],["18308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus fretensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1920","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 81 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-692345ED",null,null,"Gunong Angsi, Negri Sembilan State, Malaya.","On a collection of birds from N.E. Sumatra. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130633#page/119/mode/1up","Tephrodornis pelvica fretensis"],["18309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus virgatus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.43, vol.3 pl.256 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern and far southern Sumatra and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0A05B09",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/17/mode/1up","Lanius virgatus"],["18310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus frenatus","Büttikofer, 1887","Notes from the Leyden Museum IX, Note I p.53,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-320233B8",null,null,"Borneo.","On a collection of birds made by Dr. C. Klaesi in the Highlands of Padang (W. Sumatra) during the winter 1884-85.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37338#page/65/mode/1up","T[ephrodornis] frenatus"],["18311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus mekongensis","Meyer de Schauensee, 1946","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 98 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF0046A9",null,null,"Ban Chanuman [lat. 16° 15' N., long. 105° 00' E.], Thailand.","On Siamese birds.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064390","Tephrodornis gularis mekongensis"],["18312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus hainanus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1910","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910 p.575",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Indochina and Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B3C6E42",null,null,"Hainan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98497#page/747/mode/1up","Tephrodornis hainanus"],["18313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tephrodornis virgatus latouchei","Kinnear, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE75C6F4",null,null,"Ah Ch'ung, Fukien, China.","Descriptions of new subspecies from Tonkin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/133/mode/1up","Tephrodornis gularis latouchei"],["18314","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tylas","Hartlaub, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tylas eduardi [Hartlaub, 1862]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/194/mode/1up","Tylas"],["18315","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tylas eduardi","Hartlaub, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.152 pl.18","Tylas Vanga","Tylas Vanga","Tylas Vanga",null,null,"west-central, northwestern, and eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729398","tylvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tylvan1","avibase-E4E68AA1",null,null,"type from Alanamasaotra, eastern Madagascar (see Ibis, 1862, p. 273).","On a New Bird from the Isle of Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/194/mode/1up","Tylas eduardi"],["18316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tylas eduardi eduardi","Hartlaub, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.2 p.152 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"dense forest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48FC2440",null,null,"type from Alanamasaotra, eastern Madagascar (see Ibis, 1862, p. 273).","On a New Bird from the Isle of Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/194/mode/1up","Tylas eduardi"],["18317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Tylas eduardi albigularis","Hartlaub, 1877","Die Vögel Madagascars und der benachbarten Inselgruppen p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"dense forest of west-central Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-833F0BB5",null,null,"Mouroundava [= Morandava, western Madagascar].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130119#page/193/mode/1up","Tylas albigularis"],["18318","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Calicalicus","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.386,535",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius madagascariensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/396/mode/1up","Calicalicus"],["18319","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Calicalicus madagascariensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137","Red-tailed Vanga","Red-tailed Vanga","Red-tailed Vanga",null,null,"forested regions of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708012","retvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retvan1","avibase-1C857735",null,null,"Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin, by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 504.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","Lanius madagascariensis"],["18320","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Calicalicus rufocarpalis","Goodman, Hawkins & Domergue, 1997","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 117 p.5","Red-shouldered Vanga","Red-shouldered Vanga","Red-shouldered Vanga",null,null,"southwestern desert of Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724537","resvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resvan1","avibase-0CAB08FA",null,null,"Tuléar [=Toliara], Province de Toliara, Madagascar","A new species of vanga (Vangidae, Calicalicus) from southwestern Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123804#page/35/mode/1up","Calicalicus rufocarpalis"],["18321","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia","Schlegel & Pollen, 1868","Recherches sur la faune de Madagascar et de ses dépendances. Vol. 2. Mammifères et oiseaux 2 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Erythrosterna(?) brunneicauda [A. Newton, 1863]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99946#page/129/mode/1up","Newtonia"],["18322","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia archboldi","Delacour & Berlioz, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.1","Archbold's Newtonia","Archbold's Newtonia","Archbold's Newtonia",null,null,"subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715090","arcnew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcnew1","avibase-E4B78086",null,null,"Tabity, west of Vondrozo, southern Madagascar.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/6/mode/1up","Newtonia archboldi"],["18323","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia brunneicauda","(Newton, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.180","Common Newtonia","Common Newtonia","Common Newtonia",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715086","comnew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comnew1","avibase-4C71BFD5",null,null,"Madagascar = near Fenerive, Madagascar, fide E. Newton, 1863, Ibis, p. 347.","On Two New Birds from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/246/mode/1up","Erythrosterna? brunneicauda"],["18324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia brunneicauda brunneicauda","(Newton, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"wooded areas of Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58584FAF",null,null,"Madagascar = near Fenerive, Madagascar, fide E. Newton, 1863, Ibis, p. 347.","On Two New Birds from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/246/mode/1up","Erythrosterna? brunneicauda"],["18325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia brunneicauda monticola","Salomonsen, 1934","Novitates Zoologicae 39, no.2 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"central Madagascar (Ankaratra massif)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2AD2BDB",null,null,"Manjakatompo, Ankaratra Mountains, Madagascar.","On a hitherto unknown fauna of montane Birds in central Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53891#page/265/mode/1up","Newtonia brunneicauda monticola"],["18326","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia fanovanae","Gyldenstolpe, 1933","Arkiv för Zoologi 25B no.2 p.1","Red-tailed Newtonia","Red-tailed Newtonia","Red-tailed Newtonia",null,null,"locally in rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715094","retnew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retnew1","avibase-B42659F8",null,null,"Fanovana Forest, eastern Madagascar.","A remarkable new Flycatcher from Madagascar.",null,"Newtonia fanovanae"],["18327","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia amphichroa","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.210","Dark Newtonia","Dark Newtonia","Dark Newtonia",null,null,"montane northwestern and eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715082","darnew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darnew1","avibase-57F73C4A",null,null,"Madagascar, 'interior meridonalis.","[Über zwei anscheinend neue Vogelarten von Madagaskar].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/222/mode/1up","Newtonia amphichroa"],["18328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia amphichroa amphichroa","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar (montane forest in northeastern and east-central Madagascar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E8C7F22",null,null,"Madagascar, 'interior meridonalis.","[Über zwei anscheinend neue Vogelarten von Madagaskar].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/222/mode/1up","Newtonia amphichroa"],["18329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Newtonia amphichroa lavarambo","Goodman, Younger, Raherilalao & Reddy, 2018","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 124 p.16-26, suppl.2, p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Madagascar (montane forest from the Andringitra region southward to the vicinity of Tolagnaro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29E098AB",null,null,"Madagascar, Province de Fianarantsoa, Parc National de Midongy-Sud, NE slope of Mt. Papango, 3.5 km SW of Befotaka, 23.8383°S, 46.9583°E, 1250 m, on 3 November 2003 by D. E. Willard","Hidden diversity of forest birds in Madagascar revealed using integrative taxonomy","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790317306887","Newtonia lavarambo"],["18330","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hypositta","Newton, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.2 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hypherpes corallirostris [A. Newton, 1863]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/544/mode/1up","Hypositta"],["18331","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Hypositta corallirostris","(Newton, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.85","Nuthatch Vanga","Nuthatch-Vanga","Nuthatch Vanga",null,null,"forest and plateaus of humid eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708069","nuthat2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nuthat2","avibase-667C4DAB",null,null,"Chasmanna, Madagascar, fide E. Newton, 1863, Ibis, p. 342.","On a New Bird from the Island of Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/133/mode/1up","Hypherpes corallirostris"],["18332","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Leptopterus","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.387,538",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius viridis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Lanius chabert Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/397/mode/1up","Leptopterus"],["18333","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Leptopterus chabert","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.72","Chabert Vanga","Chabert Vanga","Chabert Vanga",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708046","chavan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chavan2","avibase-AD014578",null,null,"from Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin, by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/92/mode/1up","Lanius cha-bert"],["18334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Leptopterus chabert chabert","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"forest and savanna of northern and eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1843066D",null,null,"from Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin, by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/92/mode/1up","Lanius cha-bert"],["18335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Leptopterus chabert schistocercus","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8F2F3E2",null,null,"west central Madagascar.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/383/mode/1up","Abbotornis schistocercus"],["18336","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Mystacornis","Sharpe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.392 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bernieria crossleyi [Grandidier, A, 1870]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/474/mode/1up","Mystacornis"],["18337","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Mystacornis crossleyi","(Grandidier, 1870)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.22 p.50","Crossley's Vanga","Crossley's Vanga","Crossley's Vanga",null,null,"dense humid forest of eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716772","crobab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crobab1","avibase-9E483E48",null,null,"Madagascar ; inferentially restricted to Lake Alaotra, apud Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 14, p. 73.","Description de quelques animaux nouveaux, découverts à Madagascar, en novembre 1869.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105308#page/56/mode/1up","Bernieria Crossleyi"],["18338","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Cyanolanius","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.387,538",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius bicolor [auct. not of Linnaeus]; type by monotypy = Loxia madagascarina Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/397/mode/1up","Cyanolanius"],["18339","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Cyanolanius madagascarinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.306","Madagascar Blue Vanga","Madagascar Blue Vanga","Madagascar Blue Vanga","2025-0511","Taxon <em>comorensis </em>is tentatively treated as a species distinct from <em>Cyanolanius madagascarinus</em> based on differences in plumages and proportions. As vocalizations are relatively conserved in vangas, genomic data will be needed to affirm this split.","forest of northern and central Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703584","bluvan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluvan3","avibase-FCBB03B8",null,null,"Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/310/mode/1up","Loxia madagascarina"],["18340","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Cyanolanius comorensis","(Shelley, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.42","Comoro Blue Vanga","Comoro Blue Vanga","Comoro Blue Vanga","2025-0511","Taxon <em>comorensis </em>is tentatively treated as a species distinct from <em>Cyanolanius madagascarinus</em> based on differences in plumages and proportions. As vocalizations are relatively conserved in vangas, genomic data will be needed to affirm this split.","northwestern and west-central Comoros",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103703653","bluvan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluvan2","avibase-AF4CF9F8",null,null,"Great Comoro Island.","New species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/140/mode/1up","Artamia comorensis"],["18341","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Cyanolanius comorensis comorensis","(Shelley, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros (Mohéli)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F25C9393",null,null,"Great Comoro Island.","New species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/140/mode/1up","Artamia comorensis"],["18342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Cyanolanius comorensis bensoni","Louette & Herremans, 1982","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102, no.4 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Comoros (Grande Comore); possibly extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-909CA557",null,null,"above Mvouni, Grand Comoro at 11 42'45\"S, 43 17'30\"E, approx. 900 m","The Blue Vanga Cyanolanius madagascarinus on Grand Comoro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/355/mode/1up","Cyanolanius madagascarinus bensoni"],["18343","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Vanga","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lanius curvirostris [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Lanius curvirostris Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f47.item","Vanga"],["18344","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Vanga curvirostris","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.135","Hook-billed Vanga","Hook-billed Vanga","Hook-billed Vanga",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708020","hobvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hobvan1","avibase-CA9D7671",null,null,"Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/139/mode/1up","Lanius curvirostris"],["18345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Vanga curvirostris curvirostris","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of northern and eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C92CD99C",null,null,"Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/139/mode/1up","Lanius curvirostris"],["18346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Vanga curvirostris cetera","Bangs, 1928","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-220A1AAE",null,null,"20 kilometers northeast of Tulear, southwestern Madagascar.","A new vanga from southwestern Madagascar.",null,"Vanga curvirostris cetera"],["18347","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Pseudobias","Sharpe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pseudobias wardi [Sharpe, 1870]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/520/mode/1up","Pseudobias"],["18348","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Pseudobias wardi","Sharpe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.498 pl.15","Ward's Vanga","Ward's Vanga","Ward's Vanga",null,null,"rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707821","warfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/warfly1","avibase-7BB35115",null,null,"Madagascar.","On a new Muscicapine Bird from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/520/mode/1up","Pseudobias wardi"],["18349","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Euryceros","Lesson, 1831","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 22 p.421 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Euryceros prevostii [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29456#page/429/mode/1up","Euryceros"],["18350","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Euryceros prevostii","Lesson, 1831","Annales des Sciences Naturelles 22 p.422 pl.12","Helmet Vanga","Helmet Vanga","Helmet Vanga",null,null,"dense forest of northeastern Madagascar",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708058","helvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helvan1","avibase-E5EC5D38",null,null,"East Indies = Tintinque, east coast of Madagascar (Lesson, 1832, Cent. Zool., 1830, p. 218).","Description d'un genre nouveau d'Oiseau, l'Eurycère, Euryceros.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29456#page/430/mode/1up","Euryceros prevostii"],["18351","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Schetba","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lanius rufus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by virtual tautonymy = Lanius rufus Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/412/mode/1up","Schetba"],["18352","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Schetba rufa","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137","Rufous Vanga","Rufous Vanga","Rufous Vanga",null,null,"Madagascar (except central and southwestern)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708016","rufvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufvan1","avibase-6814C645",null,null,"Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","Lanius rufus"],["18353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Schetba rufa rufa","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"primary forest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71C889B0",null,null,"Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/141/mode/1up","Lanius rufus"],["18354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Schetba rufa occidentalis","Delacour, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,"primary forest of southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C632F504",null,null,"Tabiky, n. e. of Tulear, southwestern Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/505/mode/1up","Schetba rufa occidentalis"],["18355","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Xenopirostris","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vanga xenopirostris [Lafresnaye, 1850]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/570/mode/1up","Xenopirostris"],["18356","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Xenopirostris polleni","(Schlegel, 1868)","Recherches sur la faune de Madagascar et de ses dépendances. Vol. 2. Mammifères et oiseaux 2 p.174","Pollen's Vanga","Pollen's Vanga","Pollen's Vanga",null,null,"rainforest of northwestern coastal and eastern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708033","polvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/polvan1","avibase-01877F66",null,null,"North West coast of Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99946#page/202/mode/1up","Vanga polleni"],["18357","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Xenopirostris xenopirostris","(de Lafresnaye, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.107 pl.1","Lafresnaye's Vanga","Lafresnaye's Vanga","Lafresnaye's Vanga",null,null,"locally in arid subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708024","lafvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lafvan1","avibase-FE3B4759",null,null,"Madagascar.","Sur le genre Vanga, note suivie de la description du Vanga xenopirostris et de l'Anabates nigro-pectus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/113/mode/1up","Vanga xenopirostris"],["18358","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Xenopirostris damii","Schlegel, 1865","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.82","Van Dam's Vanga","Van Dam's Vanga","Van Dam's Vanga",null,null,"dry woodland of northwestern Madagascar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708028","vadvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vadvan1","avibase-4DAB9A41",null,null,"Ambassuan [northwest coast of Madagascar].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/96/mode/1up","Xenopirostris damii"],["18359","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Oriolia","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1838","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.4 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oriolia bernieri [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/56/mode/1up","Oriolia"],["18360","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Oriolia bernieri","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1838","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.4 p.50","Bernier's Vanga","Bernier's Vanga","Bernier's Vanga",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Madagascar",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708054","bervan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bervan1","avibase-68E5CE2D",null,null,"Madagascar.","Notice sur trois nouveaux genres d'oiseaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/56/mode/1up","Oriolia bernieri"],["18361","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Falculea","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1836","Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de France (1835) p.115",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falculea palliata [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Falculea"],["18362","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Falculea palliata","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1836","Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de France (1835) p.115","Sickle-billed Vanga","Sickle-billed Vanga","Sickle-billed Vanga",null,null,"savanna and mangroves of western and northern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708041","sibvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibvan1","avibase-3A343C0C",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,null,"Falculea palliata"],["18363","genus","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Artamella","Sclater, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lanius viridis [Statius Muller, 1776]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/119/mode/1up","Artamella"],["18364","species","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Artamella viridis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.72","White-headed Vanga","White-headed Vanga","White-headed Vanga",null,null,"Madagascar (except central)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708037","whhvan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhvan1","avibase-C141B912",null,null,"from Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/92/mode/1up","Lanius viridis"],["18365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Artamella viridis viridis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AECAC8C5",null,null,"from Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/92/mode/1up","Lanius viridis"],["18366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vangidae","Vangas, Helmetshrikes, and allies","Artamella viridis annae","(Stejneger, 1879)","Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 24, Heft 3 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of western Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB0970D6",null,null,"Madagascar (= western Madagascar).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37034#page/345/mode/1up","Artamia annae"],["18367","family","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Neosittidae",null,null,"Sittellas","Sittellas","Sittellas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"neosit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neosit1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18368","genus","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Daphoenositta miranda [De Vis, 1897]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/438/mode/1up","Daphoenositta"],["18369","species","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta miranda","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.380","Black Sittella","Black Sittella","Black Sittella",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705391","blksit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blksit1","avibase-BCE0793B",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley, New Guinea.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/438/mode/1up","Daphoenositta miranda"],["18370","species","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta papuensis","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.47","Papuan Sittella","Papuan Sittella","Papuan Sittella",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691575","varsit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varsit1","avibase-0E0DAE4C",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/59/mode/1up","Sitta papuensis"],["18371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta papuensis papuensis","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Arfak Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C435726D",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/59/mode/1up","Sitta papuensis"],["18372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta papuensis toxopeusi","(Rand, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern watershed of mountains of west-central to east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-074EEA37",null,null,"Bele River, 2,200 m., 18 km. north of Lake Habbema.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Neositta papuensis toxopeusi"],["18373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta papuensis alba","(Rand, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northern slopes of north-central New Guinea mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-220AF320",null,null,"15 km. south of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Neositta papuensis alba"],["18374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta papuensis albifrons","(Ramsay, 1883)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.8 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6293AB94",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30993#page/36/mode/1up","Sittella albifrons"],["18375","species","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta chrysoptera","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxii","Varied Sittella","Varied Sittella","Varied Sittella",null,null,"Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691540","varsit8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varsit8","avibase-99536A00",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/38/mode/1up","Sitta chrysoptera"],["18376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta chrysoptera leucoptera","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.144-145",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4C37636",null,null,"northwest coast ; restricted to Port Essin^on by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, 2, p. 690,","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/674/mode/1up","Sitella leucoptera"],["18377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta chrysoptera striata","(Gould, 1869)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D020FBD",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/227/mode/1up","Sittella striata"],["18378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta chrysoptera leucocephala","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands App. pl.68",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central to southeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E126B46",null,null,"Moreton Bay, south Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/281/mode/1up","Sittella leucocephala"],["18379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta chrysoptera chrysoptera","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central southern Queensland to Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FB0D7A2",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/38/mode/1up","Sitta chrysoptera"],["18380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Neosittidae","Sittellas","Daphoenositta chrysoptera pileata","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands App. pl.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia, to southwestern Queensland and western Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90E2D41D",null,null,"Swan River, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/281/mode/1up","Sittella pileata"],["18381","family","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodidae",null,null,"Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Whipbirds and Wedgebills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"psopho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/psopho1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18382","genus","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Androphobus","Hartert & Paludan, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Androphilus viridis [Rothschild & Hartert, E, 1911]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0043-0046.pdf#page=4","Androphobus"],["18383","species","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Androphobus viridis","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.33","Papuan Whipbird","Papuan Whipbird","Papuan Whipbird",null,null,"New Guinea (Snow and Weyland mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705324","papwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papwhi1","avibase-BF6F8B8D",null,null,"Mount Goliath, Oranje Range, New Guinea.","Description of a new species and subspecies of birds from Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/61/mode/1up","Androphilus viridis"],["18384","genus","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa crepitans [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy = Corvus olivaceus Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/337/mode/1up","Psophodes"],["18385","species","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes nigrogularis","Gould, 1844","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.15) pl.16, with text","Western Whipbird","Western Whipbird","Western Whipbird","2025-0242","Taxon <em>leucogaster </em>(polytypic, including <em>lashmari</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Psophodes nigrogularis</em> based on available evidence. Although mtDNA data (Burbidge et al. 2017) identified two clades with moderate divergence, vocalizations are similar, and the genetic break does not align with geographic patterns in plumage or morphometrics (Schodde &amp; Mason 1999; Burbidge et al. 2017). Given the potential for mtDNA capture between parapatric taxa, further research based on nuclear or genomic DNA data would be informative.","southwestern and south-central Australia, including Kangaroo Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705330","weswhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weswhi1","avibase-D57E208D",null,null,"Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/73/mode/1up","Psophodes nigrogularis"],["18386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes nigrogularis nigrogularis","Gould, 1844","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.15) pl.16, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Two Peoples Bay area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E56FBEA",null,null,"Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/73/mode/1up","Psophodes nigrogularis"],["18387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes nigrogularis oberon","Schodde & Mason, 1991","The Emu 91 pt3 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Stirling Ranges to east of Ravensthorpe)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78FD98E0",null,null,"Quoin Head, Fitzgerald River Reserve, Western Australia","Subspeciation in the Western Whipbird Psophodes nigrogularis and its zoogeographical significance, with descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9910133","Psophodes nigrogularis oberon"],["18388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster","Howe & Ross, 1933","The Emu 32 pt3 p.147 col.pl.opp.p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (southern Eyre Peninsula; southern Yorke Peninsula, Ngarkat, southeastern Australia; formerly also northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0410635F",null,null,"Manya, northwestern Victoria.",null,null,"Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster"],["18389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes nigrogularis lashmari","Schodde & Mason, 1991","The Emu 91 pt3 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangaroo Island (South Australia, south-central Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B43FF1C6",null,null,"ridge between Billygoat and Castle gullies, Western Riber Conservation Park, Kangaroo Island (35 41'30\" S, 136 55'E), Australia","Subspeciation in the Western Whipbird Psophodes nigrogularis and its zoogeographical significance, with descriptions of two new subspecies.",null,"Psophodes nigrogularis lashmari"],["18390","species","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes olivaceus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxvi","Eastern Whipbird","Eastern Whipbird","Eastern Whipbird",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705327","easwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easwhi1","avibase-79107CE6",null,null,"Australia ; restricted to New South Wales, ex Muscicapa crepitans Latham, ibid., p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/32/mode/1up","C[orvus] olivaceus"],["18391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes olivaceus lateralis","North, 1897","Records of the Australian Museum 3, no.1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B304583",null,null,"Boar Pocket, on the Barron River, ca. 32 miles from Cairns, northern Queensland.","On a New Sub-Species of Psophodes crepitans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31166#page/31/mode/1up","Psophodes crepitans lateralis"],["18392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes olivaceus olivaceus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxvi",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Connors-Clarke Range and surrounding lowlands, Byfield, Gladstone, central Queensland, to south-central Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-310D2AEF",null,null,"Australia ; restricted to New South Wales, ex Muscicapa crepitans Latham, ibid., p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/32/mode/1up","C[orvus] olivaceus"],["18393","species","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes cristatus","(Gould, 1838)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 pl.[8]","Chirruping Wedgebill","Chirruping Wedgebill","Chirruping Wedgebill",null,null,"east-central Australia (northeastern South Australia to southwestern Queensland and western New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705339","chiwed2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiwed2","avibase-8D83C373",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/261/mode/1up","Sphenostoma cristatum"],["18394","species","Passeriformes","Psophodidae","Whipbirds and Wedgebills","Psophodes occidentalis","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.378","Chiming Wedgebill","Chiming Wedgebill","Chiming Wedgebill",null,null,"west-central Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia, to Kalgoorlie, eastward to southwestern Queensland and northwestern South Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705336","chiwed1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiwed1","avibase-9FC806EE",null,null,"Day Dawn, Western Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/402/mode/1up","Sphenostoma cristatum occidentale"],["18395","family","Passeriformes","Eulacestomatidae","Ploughbill","Eulacestomatidae",null,null,"Ploughbill","Ploughbill","Ploughbill",null,null,null,null,null,null,"eulace1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eulace1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18396","genus","Passeriformes","Eulacestomatidae","Ploughbill","Eulacestoma","De Vis, 1894","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices p.102",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Eulacestoma nigropectus [De Vis, 1894]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=32","Eulacestoma"],["18397","species","Passeriformes","Eulacestomatidae","Ploughbill","Eulacestoma nigropectus","De Vis, 1894","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.102","Wattled Ploughbill","Wattled Ploughbill","Wattled Ploughbill",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705592","watplo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watplo1","avibase-936EA207",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=32","Eulacestoma nigropectus"],["18398","family","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Oreoicidae",null,null,"Australasian Bellbirds","Australo-Papuan Bellbirds","Australo-Papuan Bellbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"oreoic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oreoic1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18399","genus","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Oreoica","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Falcunculus gutturalis [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/310/mode/1up","Oreoica"],["18400","species","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Oreoica gutturalis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.212","Crested Bellbird","Crested Bellbird","Crested Bellbird",null,null,"inland Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705408","crebel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebel1","avibase-588549DA",null,null,"'Kent's Group, Bass Straits' (see Hindwood, 1942, Emu, 42, p. 119).","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/218/mode/1up","Falcunculus gutturalis"],["18401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Oreoica gutturalis pallescens","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Australia (Pilbara region to Shark Bay, western Australia, eastward to western Queensland and northern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E046DC8",null,null,"Alexandra, Northern Territory.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/401/mode/1up","Oreoica cristata pallescens"],["18402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southwestern Australia (Kalbarri, southwestern Australia eastward to northwestern Victoria and central Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56DF5B9A",null,null,"'Kent's Group, Bass Straits' (see Hindwood, 1942, Emu, 42, p. 119).","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/218/mode/1up","Falcunculus gutturalis"],["18403","genus","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Ornorectes","Iredale, 1956","Birds of New Guinea 2 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rectes cristatus [Salvadori, 1875]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Ornorectes"],["18404","species","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Ornorectes cristatus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.930","Piping Bellbird","Piping Bellbird","Piping Bellbird",null,null,"patchily, mainly in foothills of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705586","crepit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crepit1","avibase-6F4799F6",null,null,"Mt. Morait, north coast of Vogelkop, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/936/mode/1up","Rectes cristata"],["18405","genus","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Aleadryas","Iredale, 1956","Birds of New Guinea 2 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pachycephala rufinucha [Sclater, PL, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Aleadryas"],["18406","species","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Aleadryas rufinucha","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.692","Rufous-naped Bellbird","Rufous-naped Bellbird","Rufous-naped Bellbird",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705428","runwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runwhi1","avibase-1F4DF785",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/834/mode/1up","Pachycephala rufinucha"],["18407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Aleadryas rufinucha rufinucha","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.692",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E6A64AC",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/834/mode/1up","Pachycephala rufinucha"],["18408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Aleadryas rufinucha niveifrons","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-588DA40C",null,null,"Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/77/mode/1up","Pachycephala rufinucha niveifrons"],["18409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oreoicidae","Australasian Bellbirds","Aleadryas rufinucha gamblei","(Rothschild, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Huon Peninsula (northeastern New Guinea) and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9794F6F",null,null,"Mt. Cameron, Owen Stanley Mountains,","[Descriptions of species of birds from New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/460/mode/1up","Pachycephala gamblei"],["18410","family","Passeriformes","Falcunculidae","Shriketits","Falcunculidae",null,null,"Shriketits","Shrike-tits","Shrike-tits",null,null,null,null,null,null,"falcun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/falcun1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18411","genus","Passeriformes","Falcunculidae","Shriketits","Falcunculus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius frontatus [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f46.item","Falcunculus"],["18412","species","Passeriformes","Falcunculidae","Shriketits","Falcunculus frontatus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xviii","Eastern Shriketit","Eastern Shrike-tit","Eastern Shrike-tit","2025-0240","<em>Falcunculus frontatus sensu lato </em>is treated as three monotypic species based on clear differences in phenotype (Schodde &amp; Mason 1999), and vocalizations (though sample sizes small): <em>F. frontatus; F. whitei</em>; and <em>F. leucogaster</em>. Genetic data would be informative.","eastern and southeastern Australia (northern Wet Topics region, Paluma Range, Connors-Clarke Range, Kroombit Tops, southeastern Queensland to southeastern South Australia, and southern Flinders and Mount Lofty ranges)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693235","cresht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cresht1","avibase-0F1929A3",null,null,"Nova Hollandia ; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 11, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/24/mode/1up","L[anius] frontatus"],["18413","species","Passeriformes","Falcunculidae","Shriketits","Falcunculus leucogaster","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands App. p.2","Western Shriketit","Western Shrike-tit","Western Shrike-tit","2025-0240","<em>Falcunculus frontatus sensu lato </em>is treated as three monotypic species based on clear differences in phenotype (Schodde &amp; Mason 1999), and vocalizations (though sample sizes small): <em>F. frontatus; F. whitei</em>; and <em>F. leucogaster</em>. Genetic data would be informative.","southwestern Australia (Avon Valley to Hopetoun, and woodlands around Kalgoorlie)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693247","cresht2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cresht2","avibase-E3B00D11",null,null,"'Habitat unknown'; Swan River, Western Australia, designated by Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 11, p. 13.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/304/mode/1up","Falcunculus leucogaster"],["18414","species","Passeriformes","Falcunculidae","Shriketits","Falcunculus whitei","Campbell, 1910","The Emu 10 p.167","Northern Shriketit","Northern Shrike-tit","Northern Shrike-tit","2025-0240","<em>Falcunculus frontatus sensu lato </em>is treated as three monotypic species based on clear differences in phenotype (Schodde &amp; Mason 1999), and vocalizations (though sample sizes small): <em>F. frontatus; F. whitei</em>; and <em>F. leucogaster</em>. Genetic data would be informative.","northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693263","cresht3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cresht3","avibase-C5673F5E",null,null,"Napier Broome Bay, northwest Australia.","[Falcunculus whitei, Eopsaltria hilli and Ptilotis planasi ssp. n.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84566#page/219/mode/1up","Falcunculus whitei"],["18415","family","Passeriformes","Paramythiidae","Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypeckers","Paramythiidae",null,null,"Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypeckers","Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypecker","Painted Berrypeckers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"paramy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paramy1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18416","genus","Passeriformes","Paramythiidae","Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypeckers","Oreocharis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.939",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oreocharis stictoptera [Salvadori, 1876]; type by monotypy = Parus arfaki A.B. Meyer, 1875  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/945/mode/1up","Oreocharis"],["18417","species","Passeriformes","Paramythiidae","Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypeckers","Oreocharis arfaki","(Meyer, 1875)","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 1 p.75","Tit Berrypecker","Tit Berrypecker","Tit Berrypecker",null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718165","titber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/titber1","avibase-7343F8F3",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98741#page/24/mode/1up","Parus (?) Arfaki"],["18418","genus","Passeriformes","Paramythiidae","Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypeckers","Paramythia","De Vis, 1892","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices App.cc p.95",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Paramythia montium [De Vis, 1892]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84530375#page/n124/mode/1up","Paramythia"],["18419","species","Passeriformes","Paramythiidae","Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypeckers","Paramythia montium","De Vis, 1892","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices App.cc p.95","Eastern Crested Berrypecker","Eastern Crested Berrypecker","Eastern Crested Berrypecker","2025-0966","Taxon <em>olivacea </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Paramythia montium</em> based on differences in plumage, especially crest form, and mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2019). Further research needed to determine validity of subspecific taxa in both species (see Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016).","montane east-central, northeastern, and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693003","creber2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creber2","avibase-42023AF5",null,null,"Mt. Suckling, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84530375#page/n124/mode/1up","Paramythia montium"],["18420","species","Passeriformes","Paramythiidae","Tit Berrypecker and Crested Berrypeckers","Paramythia olivacea","van Oort, 1910","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXXII, Note XXIV p.213","Western Crested Berrypecker","Western Crested Berrypecker","Western Crested Berrypecker","2025-0966","Taxon <em>olivacea </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Paramythia montium</em> based on differences in plumage, especially crest form, and mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2019). Further research needed to determine validity of subspecific taxa in both species (see Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016).","montane west-central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693015","creber3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creber3","avibase-9F080815",null,null,"Hellwig Mountains, 2,600 m., and Oranje Mountains, 3,500 m., central New Guinea; restricted to Hellwig Mountains by Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2067, p. 4.2","Description of eight new birds collected by Mr. H. A. Lorentz in Southwestern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/231/mode/1up","Paramythia montium olivaceum"],["18421","family","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireonidae",null,null,"Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis","Vireos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"vireon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vireon1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18422","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius erythropterus [Gould]; type by original designation and monotypy = Lanius erythropterus Vigors, 1831 = Pteruthius ripleyi Biswas, 1960",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/665/mode/1up","Pteruthius"],["18423","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius rufiventer","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.183","Black-headed Shrike-babbler","Black-headed Shrike-Babbler","Black-headed Shrike-babbler",null,null,"Nepal to Bhutan, Assam, northern Myanmar, Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan, and northwestern Vietnam (Fansipan Mountain)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716532","bhsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhsbab1","avibase-484E9B46",null,null,"no locality; Darjeeling, West Bengal, apud Baker.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/217/mode/1up","Pt[eruthius] rufiventer"],["18424","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius flaviscapis","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.3 pl.589 fig.1","Pied Shrike-babbler","Pied Shrike-Babbler","Pied Shrike-babbler",null,null,"highlands of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693557","wbsbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbsbab2","avibase-E0AB44A1",null,null,"Java and Sumatra ; restricted to Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/25/mode/1up","Allotrius flaviscapis"],["18425","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.267-268","White-browed Shrike-babbler","White-browed Shrike-Babbler","White-browed Shrike-babbler","2025-0232","Taxa <em>ripleyi </em>(monotypic) and <em>annamensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as subspecies of <em>Pteruthius aeralatus</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although clearly diagnosable on mitochondrial DNA (Reddy 2008), patterns of vocal and plumage differences are more complex (Rheindt &amp; Eaton 2009; Boesman 2016yy); further research including formal bioacoustic analyses and genomic data needed.","Himalayas from northeastern Pakistan eastward through mountains of central and eastern China, southward through southeastern Asia including the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693575","whbshb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbshb1","avibase-4C6B41B3",null,null,"mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces. Lower Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/311/mode/1up","Pteruthius aeralatus"],["18426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus ripleyi","Biswas, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan eastward to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D4E034C",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Murree, Rawalpindi, West Pakistan, by-Baker, 1922, Fauna British India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 331.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/148/mode/1up","Pteruthius validirostris ripleyi"],["18427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus validirostris","Koelz, 1951","Journal of the Zoological Society of India 3 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (northern Pakistan to southern China, Assam, and northwestern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A4824B1",null,null,"Kohima, Naga Hills, Assam.","New birds from India.",null,"Pteruthius erythropterus validirostris"],["18428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus ricketti","Ogilvie-Grant, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southern China (including Hainan), northern Thailand, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9DCAEA",null,null,"Fukien and southern Yunnan.","A new species of Pterythius from S. China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/580/mode/1up","Pterythius ricketti"],["18429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus aeralatus","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.267-268",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Myanmar to northwestern Thailand and (?) western Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6B0FF2C",null,null,"mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces. Lower Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/311/mode/1up","Pteruthius aeralatus"],["18430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus schauenseei","Deignan, 1946","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 36, no.12 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Thailand and southern Myanmar to Isthmus of Kra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21E27800",null,null,"Khao Luang [lat. 8° 30' N., long. 99° 45' E.], Thailand.","Ornithology - New subspecies of birds from peninsular Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/492/mode/1up","Pteruthius erythropterus schauenseei"],["18431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus cameranoi","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malaya (southern Perak to southern Selangor) and western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4836787A",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/238/mode/1up","Pteruthius cameranoi"],["18432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus robinsoni","Chasen & Kloss, 1931","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 5 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9B31189",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Five new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328451/em-five-new-malaysian-em-birds","Pteruthius flaviscapis robinsoni"],["18433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aeralatus annamensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.589-590",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35B3D0EA",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/695/mode/1up","Pterythius aeralatus annamensis"],["18434","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius xanthochlorus","Gray & Gray, 1847","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.95,155","Green Shrike-babbler","Green Shrike-Babbler","Green Shrike-babbler",null,null,"foothill to montane forest from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to Tibet, and patchy to southeastern China, southward to northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716540","grsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grsbab1","avibase-00C6FC90",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/111/mode/1up","Pteruthius xanthochlorus"],["18435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius xanthochlorus occidentalis","Harington, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Kashmir to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6AE1FFB",null,null,"Dehra Dun, northwestern Uttar Pradesh.","Description of three new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/120/mode/1up","Pterythius xanthochloris occidentalis"],["18436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius xanthochlorus xanthochlorus","Gray & Gray, 1847","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.95,155",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, northern Assam, southeastern Tibet, and western Sichuan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB8990D9",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/111/mode/1up","Pteruthius xanthochlorus"],["18437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius xanthochlorus hybrida","Harington, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam (Mizo and Naga hills) to western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3245088F",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","Description of three new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/120/mode/1up","Pterythius pallidus hybrida"],["18438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius xanthochlorus pallidus","(David, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 7, fasc.2 p.14 (p.8 in list)",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southwestern Qinghai, western Sichuan, Yunnan, and northwestern Fujian",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8FCA284",null,null,"Kokonoor = northwestern Szechwan.","Catalogue des oiseaux de Chine observés dans la partie septentrionale de l'Empire (au nord du fleuve-bleu) de 1862 à 1870.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49410#page/245/mode/1up","Allotrius xanthochloris Hodgs., var. pallidus"],["18439","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius melanotis","Hodgson, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.448","Black-eared Shrike-babbler","Black-eared Shrike-Babbler","Black-eared Shrike-babbler",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen forest from central Nepal eastward through Himalayas to northern Vietnam, and patchy southward to peninsular Malaysia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716544","besbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/besbab1","avibase-17DB8BA0",null,null,"the Terai, at base of southeastern Himalayas ; type from Nepal, fide Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 118.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/504/mode/1up","Pt[eruthius] melanotis"],["18440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius melanotis melanotis","Hodgson, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to northern Myanmar, southern Yunnan, northern Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C84993E6",null,null,"the Terai, at base of southeastern Himalayas ; type from Nepal, fide Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 118.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/504/mode/1up","Pt[eruthius] melanotis"],["18441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius melanotis tahanensis","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula (southern Perak to Selangor and northern Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-585E3964",null,null,"Gunong Tahan [lat. 4° 38' N., long. 102° 14' E.], Pahang.","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/642/mode/1up","Pteruthius tahanensis"],["18442","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius aenobarbus","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.3 pl.589 fig.2","Trilling Shrike-babbler","Trilling Shrike-Babbler",null,"2025-0231","Taxon <em>intermedius</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pteruthius aenobarbus</em> (monotypic) based on vocalizations, genetics, and plumage differences. Mitochondrial DNA divergence is relatively deep (Reddy 2008), and consistent vocal differences have been reported (Rheindt &amp; Eaton 2009) but formal bioacoustic analyses are needed; plumage differences are minor.","highlands of western Java",null,null,null,"cfsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cfsbab1","avibase-DC2B6EBC",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/26/mode/1up","Allotrius aenobarbus"],["18443","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius intermedius","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.112-115","Clicking Shrike-babbler","Clicking Shrike-Babbler",null,"2025-0231","Taxon <em>intermedius</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pteruthius aenobarbus</em> (monotypic) based on vocalizations, genetics, and plumage differences. Mitochondrial DNA divergence is relatively deep (Reddy 2008), and consistent vocal differences have been reported (Rheindt &amp; Eaton 2009) but formal bioacoustic analyses are needed; plumage differences are minor.","patchy in foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen forest from northeastern India eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to northern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,"clishb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clishb1","avibase-0037A14F",null,null,"central Tenasserim hills; type specimen from Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, fide Hume, 1878, in Hume and Davison, ibid., 6, p. 370.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/131/mode/1up","Allotrius intermedius"],["18444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius intermedius intermedius","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.112-115",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to southeastern China, northwestern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-409D7564",null,null,"central Tenasserim hills; type specimen from Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, fide Hume, 1878, in Hume and Davison, ibid., 6, p. 370.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/131/mode/1up","Allotrius intermedius"],["18445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pteruthius intermedius aenobarbulus","Koelz, 1954","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam (Garo Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95D5E457",null,null,"Nokrek, Garo Hills, Assam.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Pteruthius aenobarbus aenobarbulus"],["18446","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis","Hodgson, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Erpornis zantholeuca [Blyth, 1844]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting, 1842. [Continued from vol. XII, p. 1011.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/569/mode/1up","Erpornis"],["18447","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.380","White-bellied Erpornis","White-bellied Erpornis","White-bellied Erpornis",null,null,"lowland to montane evergreen forest, upland heath, and bamboo, from northwestern India (central Uttarakhand) eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward through Indochina to Borneo and northern Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716753","whbyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbyuh1","avibase-EECEDB6F",null,null,"Nepal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/570/mode/1up","Erp[ornis] zantholeuca"],["18448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca zantholeuca","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to northern Myanmar, southern China (Yunnan), and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-195C7C88",null,null,"Nepal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/570/mode/1up","Erp[ornis] zantholeuca"],["18449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca tyrannulus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.347-348, pl. X",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Thailand to southern China (southeastern Yunnan), northern Indochina, and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D703AD39",null,null,"central Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/369/mode/1up","Herpornis tyrannulus"],["18450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca griseiloris","(Stresemann, 1923)","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Fujian, Guangdong, western Guangxi, and southeastern Yunnan); Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B75449A",null,null,"Siuhang, Kwangtung.","Neue Formen aus Süd-China.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012813","Herpornis xantholeuca griseiloris"],["18451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca sordida","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.588",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern plateau of Thailand to southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F1B2892",null,null,"Da Ban [lat. 12° 38' N., long. 109° 06' E.] , Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/692/mode/1up","Herpornis xantholeuca sordida"],["18452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca canescens","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand to western Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-563FDC7D",null,null,"Le Boc Kor [lat. 10° 3r N., long. 104° 03' E.], Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/172/mode/1up","Erpornis xantholeuca canescens"],["18453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca interposita","(Hartert, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula (Mergui District and Isthmus of Kra to Johore)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11D24C59",null,null,"Temengor [lat. 5° 19' N., long. 101° 24' E.], Perak.","Description of a new Herpornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/46/mode/1up","Herpornis xantholeuca interposita"],["18454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca saani","Chasen, 1939","Treubia 17, no.3 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67BCC15F",null,null,"near Pendeng [lat. 4° 08' N., long. 97° 36' E.] , Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of new Birds from Malaysia.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i3.2568","Erpornis zantholeuca saäni"],["18455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Erpornis zantholeuca brunnescens","(Sharpe, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.21 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A915E981",null,null,"Sarawak.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/63/mode/1up","Herpornis brunnescens"],["18456","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis","Swainson, 1824","The Zoological Journal 1, no.3 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra gujanensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/326/mode/1up","Cyclarhis"],["18457","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis nigrirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.133","Black-billed Peppershrike","Black-billed Peppershrike","Black-billed Peppershrike",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes of Colombia southward to the eastern and western Andes of Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705127","blbpep1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpep1","avibase-444E5987",null,null,"Colombia ; restricted to Bogotá by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 210.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/143/mode/1up","Cyclaris nigrirostris"],["18458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis nigrirostris nigrirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-351BBEF9",null,null,"Colombia ; restricted to Bogotá by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 210.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/143/mode/1up","Cyclaris nigrirostris"],["18459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis nigrirostris atrirostris","Sclater, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.19 p.324, pl. X, fig. 2, p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D73164CE",null,null,"Ecuador; type from Camino de Manavi, western Ecuador, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 210.","Remarks on the Species of the Genus Cyclorhis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/372/mode/1up","Cyclorhis atrirostris"],["18460","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.893","Rufous-browed Peppershrike","Rufous-browed Peppershrike","Rufous-browed Peppershrike",null,null,"deciduous to humid forest, gallery forest, and mangroves from the Gulf slope of Mexico from central Tamaulipas (including the Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel) and the Pacific slope from Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) southward to the Pacific slope of Panama (including Coiba), northern South America west of the Andes southward to northwestern Peru, major river valleys of Colombia, and widespread east of the Andes (but scarce in western Amazon basin), southward to central Argentina (La Pampa and Buenos Aires)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705124","rubpep1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubpep1","avibase-8776BD04",null,null,"'Guyane' ; French Guiana designated by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 200.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/394/mode/1up","Tanagra gujanensis"],["18461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis septentrionalis","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4AECD21",null,null,"Jacala and 10 km NE at 6000 ft., northern",null,null,"Cyclarhis gujanensis septentrionalis"],["18462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis flaviventris","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula), Guatemala, and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E69FD3F",null,null,"Santa-Cruce [= Veracruz, probably] , Mexico.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/143/mode/1up","Cyclaris flaviventris"],["18463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis yucatanensis","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.588 p.519",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico) and Petén of northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C4E2E3A",null,null,"Mérida, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/533/mode/1up","Cyclorhis flaviventris yucatanensis"],["18464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis insularis","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel (southeastern Mexico off Quintana Roo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3036487",null,null,"Cozumel Island [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/378/mode/1up","Cyclorhis insularis"],["18465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis nicaraguae","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4BE3E9F",null,null,"Matagalpa, Nicaragua.","Notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Cyclarhis flaviventris nicaraguae"],["18466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis subflavescens","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9BAC038",null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/417/mode/1up","Cyclorhis subflavescens"],["18467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygoi","Wetmore, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Panama (Coclé to far eastern Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E06FC6A9",null,null,"Cienaga Macana, near El Rincon, Herrera, Panama.","An additional form of Pepper-Shrike from western Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/297/mode/1up","Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygoi"],["18468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis flavens","Wetmore, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD245486",null,null,"Chimán, Punta Madrono, Panama, Panama.","Additional forms of birds from the republics of Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/410/mode/1up","Cyclarhis gujanensis flavens"],["18469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis coibae","Hartert, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA94DAD2",null,null,"Coiba Island, off Panama.","[Descriptions of four new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/291/mode/1up","Cyclorhis coibae"],["18470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis cantica","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and Magdalena Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21F6183A",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/166/mode/1up","Cyclarhis flavipectus canticus"],["18471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis flavipectus","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.374 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula) and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F98E6FD9",null,null,"Trinidad, Venezuela, and Nova Grenada [= Colombia] ; restricted to Trinidad by Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 320.","Characters of Five New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/542/mode/1up","Cyclorhis flavipectus"],["18472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis parva","Chapman, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.541",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D17C36E",null,null,"Villavicencio, 6,000 ft, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Cyclarhis flavipectus parvus"],["18473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis gujanensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.893",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, eastern Peru, and northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F43FE675",null,null,"'Guyane' ; French Guiana designated by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 200.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/394/mode/1up","Tanagra gujanensis"],["18474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis","Baird, 1866","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"tableland of eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C75F4CF0",null,null,"Ceará.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/403/mode/1up","Cyclorhis cearensis"],["18475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis ochrocephala","Tschudi, 1845","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 11, bd.1 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Uruguay, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D6E08F0",null,null,"southern Brazil and Buenos Aires, etc. ; southern Brazil designated by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil, pt. 2, p. 393.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30279#page/370/mode/1up","Cyclarhis ochrocephala"],["18476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis viridis","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.793-794",null,null,null,null,null,"Chaco of Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5E9DA11",null,null,"Paraguay to the La Plata River; based on 'Habia verde, no. 89, of Azara, 1802, Apuntamientos Hist. Nat. Paxaros Paraguay Río Plata, 1, p. 361.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/401/mode/1up","Saltator viridis"],["18477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis virenticeps","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.274, pl. Aves, CLXIV",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29538D4E",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/354/mode/1up","Cyclorhis virenticeps"],["18478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis contrerasi","Taczanowski, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.224, pl. XXI",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Peru (south to La Libertad and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D392F5F6",null,null,"Tambillo, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/308/mode/1up","Cyclorhis contrerasi"],["18479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis saturata","Zimmer, 1925","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.8 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley east of western Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9014E6A4",null,null,"Cullcui, Marañón River, Peru.","Two new Birds from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20390#page/13/mode/1up","Cyclarhis gujanensis saturatus"],["18480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis pax","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1942","Notulae Naturae 105 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5CE7AC4",null,null,"Sandillani, 6,800 ft., Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia.","New Birds from Bolivia. Part V.",null,"Cyclarhis gujanensis pax"],["18481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis dorsalis","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1160 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E97F7F6",null,null,"Parotani, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 41. The genera Hylophilus, Smaragdolanius and Cyclarhis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4728/","Cyclarhis gujanensis dorsalis"],["18482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Cyclarhis gujanensis tarijae","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1942","Notulae Naturae 105 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Bolivia (Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D46007D6",null,null,"Río Lipeo, 2,100 ft., Tarija, Bolivia.","New Birds from Bolivia. Part V.",null,"Cyclarhis gujanensis tarijae"],["18483","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.3 pl.173",null,null,null,"2025-0226","<em>Hylophilus </em>is treated as three genera following Slager et al. (2014) and Slager &amp; Klicka (2014): <em>Pachysylvia </em>(polytypic); <em>Tunchiornis </em>(polytypic); and a restricted <em>Hylophilus </em>(polytypic).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hylophilus poicilotis [Temminck, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 23).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/373/mode/1up","Hylophilus"],["18484","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus moxensis","van Els, Montenegro-Avila, Avalos et al., 2026","Avian Systematics 3, no.3 p.17-37","Beni Greenlet","Beni Greenlet",null,"2026-102","Beni Greenlet <em>Hylophilus moxensis</em> is recognized as a monotypic species new to science. Most recently treated as a population of <em>H. amaurocephalus</em>, <em>H. moxensis</em> is clearly diagnosable based on vocalizations, genetics and subtle plumage differences (van Els et al. 2026).","marsh scrub in Beni, north-central Bolivia",null,null,null,"gyegre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyegre2","avibase-994A0ACC",null,null,"CBF-5759; BOLIVIA: dept. Beni; Prov. Mamoré, loc. Camino a San Joaquín, 13° 15’ 36” S, 64° 39’ 48” W, elevation 142 m. Male. 10 January 2024. Collected and prepared by Miguel Angel Montenegro, field catalogue number MAM-168.",null,"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399285182","Hylophilus moxensis"],["18485","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus poicilotis","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.3 pl.173 fig.2","Rufous-crowned Greenlet","Rufous-crowned Greenlet","Rufous-crowned Greenlet",null,null,"northern Bolivia to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705280","rucgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucgre1","avibase-5F94B6F3",null,null,"Brazil ; type from Ypanema, São Paulo, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 158.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/374/mode/1up","Hylophilus poicilotis"],["18486","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus amaurocephalus","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.14","Grey-eyed Greenlet","Gray-eyed Greenlet",null,"2026-102","Beni Greenlet <em>Hylophilus moxensis</em> is recognized as a monotypic species new to science. Most recently treated as a population of <em>H. amaurocephalus</em>, <em>H. moxensis</em> is clearly diagnosable based on vocalizations, genetics and subtle plumage differences (van Els et al. 2026).","lowlands of eastern Brazil (Piauí and Ceará to far northern São Paulo)",null,null,null,"gyegre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyegre1","avibase-868C5058",null,null,"Brazil [= boundary of Bahia and Minas Gerais, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 159].",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false","Sylvia amaurocephala"],["18487","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus semicinereus","Sclater & Salvin, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.570 pl.30 fig.1","Grey-chested Greenlet","Gray-chested Greenlet","Grey-chested Greenlet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from central and far eastern Colombia eastward to northern Amapá and western Maranhão (northeastern Brazil), westward to northeastern Peru (Loreto and northern Ucayali) and southward to Mato Grosso (central Brazil) and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705286","gycgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycgre1","avibase-4FB729B2",null,null,"Pará [= Belém] , State of Pará, Brazil.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace on the Lower Amazons and Rio Negro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/592/mode/1up","Hylophilus semicinereus"],["18488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus semicinereus viridiceps","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.22 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolívar), the Guianas, and northern Brazil southward to the Amazon River (possibly also to Borba, on lower Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A0DC1E0",null,null,"Pied Saut, French Guiana.","A review of the Vireonine genus Pachysylvia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/225/mode/1up","Pachysylvia semicinerea viridiceps"],["18489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus semicinereus semicinereus","Sclater & Salvin, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.570 pl.30 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the lower Amazon River (from Pará and Maranhão, possibly from Rio Madeira, southward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46DDAC82",null,null,"Pará [= Belém] , State of Pará, Brazil.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace on the Lower Amazons and Rio Negro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/592/mode/1up","Hylophilus semicinereus"],["18490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus semicinereus juruanus","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B, no.12 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Brazil (south of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08149DBF",null,null,"Santo Antônio, Rio Eirú, Amazonas, Brazil.","Preliminary descriptions of some new Birds from the Brazilian Amazonas.",null,"Hylophilus semicinereus juruanus"],["18491","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.342","Scrub Greenlet","Scrub Greenlet",null,"2025-0229","Taxa <em>insularis </em>(monotypic) and <em>viridiflavus </em>(polytypic, including <em>xuthus</em>) are treated as conspecific with <em>Hylophilus flavipes </em>based on available evidence. Geographical variation in plumage and vocalizations appear to be complex and further work is needed to establish if this is clinal variation. Genetic data would be informative.","dry to humid scrub, dry woodland, deciduous and gallery forest from western Costa Rica eastward in Panama (including Coiba) to northern Colombia, northern Venezuela (including Isla Margarita), and Tobago, in Colombia southward along the Magdalena Valley to its headwaters, and southward along the eastern foothills of the Andes and the llanos (to Meta)",null,null,null,"scrgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrgre1","avibase-8D6D0F25",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/352/mode/1up","Hylophilus flavipes"],["18492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes viridiflavus","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B3C2DF1",null,null,"Panama Railroad; Atlantic slope near Panama Railroad, Canal Zone, Panama, designated by Wetmore, 1957, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134(9), p. 85.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/344/mode/1up","Hylophilus viridiflavus"],["18493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes xuthus","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60C1CDFF",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/315/mode/1up","Hylophilus flavipes xuthus"],["18494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes flavipes","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and Magdalena Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB03F2F9",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/352/mode/1up","Hylophilus flavipes"],["18495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes melleus","Wetmore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54, no.46 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (eastern tip of Guajira Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4556B59E",null,null,"Serrania de Macuira, 300 m., near Nazaret, La Guajira Peninsula, Colombia.","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/232/mode/1up","Hylophilus flavipes melleus"],["18496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes galbanus","Wetmore & Phelps, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.1 p.9-10",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F42D46CE",null,null,"Bramon, 1,200 m., Táchira Venezuela.","Further additions to the list of birds of Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/243/mode/1up","Hylophilus flavipes galbanus"],["18497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes acuticaudus","Lawrence, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17, (not earlier than February 28) p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Venezuela including Isla Margarita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11A9316D",null,null,"Venezuela; Puerto La Cruz, State of Carabobo, designated by Todd, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 198.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Paridae, Vireonidae, Tyrannidae and Trochilidae, with a note on Myiarchus Panamensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/45/mode/1up","Hylophilus acuticauda"],["18498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus flavipes insularis","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.128-129",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD305580",null,null,"Tobago.","Characters of some New Species of American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/192/mode/1up","Hylophilus insularis"],["18499","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus olivaceus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.284","Olivaceous Greenlet","Olivaceous Greenlet","Olivaceous Greenlet",null,null,"subtropical Andes of eastern Ecuador to central Peru (Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705315","oligre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oligre1","avibase-2E5B2F9F",null,null,"eastern slope of Andes, Peru; Junín region designated by Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1160, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/292/mode/1up","H[ylophilus] olivaceus"],["18500","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus pectoralis","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.321","Ashy-headed Greenlet","Ashy-headed Greenlet","Ashy-headed Greenlet",null,null,"the Guianas and eastern Venezuela to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705290","ashgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashgre1","avibase-18CB2D8A",null,null,"Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; type from Vila Bela de Mato Grosso, Rio Guaporé, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 165.","Descriptions of Six New Species of American Oscines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/409/mode/1up","Hylophilus pectoralis"],["18501","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus brunneiceps","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.322","Brown-headed Greenlet","Brown-headed Greenlet","Brown-headed Greenlet",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705300","brhgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhgre1","avibase-04FCFB94",null,null,"Ypanema, central Brazil ; error, type from Rio Vaupes, a tributary of upper Rio Negro, Amazonas, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 168.","Descriptions of Six New Species of American Oscines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/410/mode/1up","Hylophilus brunneiceps"],["18502","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus thoracicus","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.3 pl.173 fig.1","Lemon-chested Greenlet","Lemon-chested Greenlet",null,"2025-0225","Taxon <em>griseiventris </em>(polytypic, including <em>aemulus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Hylophilus thoracicus </em>based on available evidence. Differences in plumage and vocalizations are relatively minor and genetic data for nominate <em>thoracicus </em>are lacking; further research needed.","humid lowland to foothill forest, restinga, and gallery forest from eastern Venezuela eastward across northern Guianas to northeastern Brazil (Roraima and Amapá), westward across the northern and western Amazon basin of Brazil to eastern Ecuador and northwestern Bolivia, and disjunctly in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia southward to northern São Paulo)",null,null,null,"lecgre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lecgre2","avibase-67DE3837",null,null,"Brazil ; type from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 160.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/373/mode/1up","Hylophilus thoracicus"],["18503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus thoracicus aemulus","(Hellmayr, 1920)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.3 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Colombia to southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98CA733E",null,null,"Yahuarmayo, 1,200 ft.. Sierra de Carabaya, southeastern Peru.","New neotropical birds described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/27/mode/1up","Pachysylvia thoracica aemula"],["18504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.11-12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (Bolívar) to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CE549DB",null,null,"Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/29/mode/1up","Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris"],["18505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.3 pl.173 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D15CB55B",null,null,"Brazil ; type from Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 160.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/373/mode/1up","Hylophilus thoracicus"],["18506","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Vireolanius melitophrys [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/516/mode/1up","Vireolanius"],["18507","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius melitophrys","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.330","Chestnut-sided Shrike-Vireo","Chestnut-sided Shrike-Vireo","Chestnut-sided Shrike-vireo",null,null,"forest of hills and mountains on Pacific slope from Jalisco and on Atlantic slope from San Luis Potosí southward through east-central Oaxaca, and in southeastern Chiapas through southeastern Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705130","cssvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cssvir1","avibase-2F06A9E7",null,null,"Mexico; inferentially restricted to Jico, near Jalapa, Veracruz, by Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16, p. 156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/516/mode/1up","Vireolanius melitophrys"],["18508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius melitophrys melitophrys","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BF8CEB7",null,null,"Mexico; inferentially restricted to Jico, near Jalapa, Veracruz, by Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16, p. 156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/516/mode/1up","Vireolanius melitophrys"],["18509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius melitophrys crossini","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB732DCE",null,null,"Chimicotitlan, east-southeast of Chilpancingo, Guerrero",null,null,"Vireolanius melitophrys crossini"],["18510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius melitophrys quercinus","Griscom, 1935","Ibis ser.13, vol.5, no.3 p.551-552",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68D90639",null,null,"Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.","Critical notes on Central American Birds in the British Museum.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1935.tb02147.x","Vireolanius melitophrys quercinus"],["18511","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius pulchellus","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.12","Green Shrike-Vireo","Green Shrike-Vireo","Green Shrike-vireo",null,null,"humid forest of lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope from central Veracruz southward through southeastern Yucatan Peninsula, and on Pacific slope from southern Chiapas, on both slopes southward through eastern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705134","grsvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grsvir1","avibase-1A8BAFCA",null,null,"Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/34/mode/1up","Vireolanius pulchellus"],["18512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius pulchellus ramosi","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, and northern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF45BE40",null,null,"1/2 km west of Cerro Balzapote, Los Tuxtlas, southeastern Veracruz; Holotype: male [ad.], collected 20 Nov.",null,null,"Vireolanius pulchellus ramosi"],["18513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius pulchellus pulchellus","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf-Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras; also local on Pacific slope of southwestern Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EA0509D",null,null,"Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/34/mode/1up","Vireolanius pulchellus"],["18514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius pulchellus verticalis","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.477 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6021E89",null,null,"Angostura, Cartago, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/38/mode/1up","Vireolanius pulchellus verticalis"],["18515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama, and both Caribbean and Pacific slopes of central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7F8BF48",null,null,"Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/121/mode/1up","Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps"],["18516","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius eximius","Baird, 1866","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.398, 396 (in key)","Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo","Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo","Yellow-browed Shrike-vireo",null,null,"eastern Panama, northern Colombia, and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705138","ybsvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ybsvir1","avibase-5482299A",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/410/mode/1up","Vireolanius eximius"],["18517","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius leucotis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.341","Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo","Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo",null,"2025-0222","Taxon <em>mikettae </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Vireolanius leucotis</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Limited mitochondrial DNA data (Slager et al. 2014) indicate that <em>V. leucotis sensu lato</em> is non-monophyletic with <em>mikettae </em>recovered as a deeply diverged lineage. While phenotypic and vocal differences occur, they have not been quantitatively analysed; further research with increased geographic and genetic sampling is needed.","humid forest of eastern Venezuela eastward to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (Amapá), the western slope of the western Andes from northern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador, and the foothills of the eastern Andes from central Colombia (Caqueta) southward to central Bolivia and western Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,null,null,"scsvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scsvir1","avibase-D674D8F4",null,null,"'Africa?' [error = South America]; Cayenne designated by Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1160, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/353/mode/1up","Malaconotus leucotis"],["18518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius leucotis mikettae","Hartert, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21048647",null,null,"Paramba, 3,500 ft., Imbabura, Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of some new South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/196/mode/1up","Vireolanius mikettae"],["18519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius leucotis leucotis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, the Guianas, and northwestern Brazil (north of the Amazon River and west to the Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A3A3A26",null,null,"'Africa?' [error = South America]; Cayenne designated by Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1160, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/353/mode/1up","Malaconotus leucotis"],["18520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius leucotis simplex","Berlepsch, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.18-19",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil (south of the Amazon River, from the Rio Purus to the Rio Tocantins and southward to northwestern Mato Grosso) to southern Peru (Huánuco to northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AABF4C8F",null,null,"Santa Elena, Rio Jamauchim, eastern affluent of Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Beschreibung neuer Vogelformen aus dem Gebiete des unteren Amazonas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/36/mode/1up","Vireolanius leucotis simplex"],["18521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireolanius leucotis bolivianus","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco) to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C107267",null,null,"Quebrada Onda, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/92/mode/1up","Vireolanius bolivianus"],["18522","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis","Slager & Klicka, 2014","Zootaxa 3884 (2) 194-196",null,null,null,"2025-0226","<em>Hylophilus </em>is treated as three genera following Slager et al. (2014) and Slager &amp; Klicka (2014): <em>Pachysylvia </em>(polytypic); <em>Tunchiornis </em>(polytypic); and a restricted <em>Hylophilus </em>(polytypic).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hylophilus ochraceiceps [Sclater, PL, 1860]",null,"Polyphyly of Hylophilus and a new genus for the Tawny-crowned Greenlet (Aves: Passeriformes: Vireonidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270220503","Tunchiornis"],["18523","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis luteifrons","(Sclater, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.19 p.308","Guianan Brownlet","Guianan Brownlet","Olive-crowned Greenlet","2025-0228","<em>Tunchiornis ochraceiceps sensu lato</em> is treated as four species based on the genetic, morphological, and vocal analyses of Buainain et al. (2021): <em>T. ochraceiceps; T. luteifrons; T. ferrugineifrons</em>; and <em>T. rubrifrons</em>. Although plumage and vocal differences were not pronounced between <em>T. ochraceiceps</em> and <em>T. ferrugineifrons, </em>they were clearly separable based on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Buainain et al. 2021).","far eastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar), the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil (east of the Rio Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693800","tacgre5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacgre5","avibase-54F7D0B2",null,null,"Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","On the Genus Hylophilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/360/mode/1up","Hylophilus luteifrons"],["18524","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis rubrifrons","(Sclater & Salvin, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.569-570, pl. XXX, fig. 1*","Para Brownlet","Para Brownlet","Rufous-fronted Greenlet","2025-0228","<em>Tunchiornis ochraceiceps sensu lato</em> is treated as four species based on the genetic, morphological, and vocal analyses of Buainain et al. (2021): <em>T. ochraceiceps; T. luteifrons; T. ferrugineifrons</em>; and <em>T. rubrifrons</em>. Although plumage and vocal differences were not pronounced between <em>T. ochraceiceps</em> and <em>T. ferrugineifrons, </em>they were clearly separable based on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Buainain et al. 2021).","tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin south of the Amazon River from northeastern Brazil, in Maranhão, southwestward to southwestern Brazil, in Rondônia, east of the Rio Madeira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216918911","tacgre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacgre3","avibase-14749B46",null,null,"Amazon river [= Pará, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace on the Lower Amazons and Rio Negro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/591/mode/1up","Hylophilus rubrifrons"],["18525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis rubrifrons lutescens","(Snethlage, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Xingú)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3525AB43",null,null,"Boim, Rio Tapajós, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/55/mode/1up","Pachysylvia rubrifrons lutescens"],["18526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis rubrifrons rubrifrons","(Sclater & Salvin, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.569-570, pl. XXX, fig. 1*",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Rio Tocantins to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF026D36",null,null,"Amazon river [= Pará, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace on the Lower Amazons and Rio Negro.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/591/mode/1up","Hylophilus rubrifrons"],["18527","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ferrugineifrons","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.110","Rufous-fronted Brownlet","Rufous-fronted Brownlet",null,"2025-0228","<em>Tunchiornis ochraceiceps sensu lato</em> is treated as four species based on the genetic, morphological, and vocal analyses of Buainain et al. (2021): <em>T. ochraceiceps; T. luteifrons; T. ferrugineifrons</em>; and <em>T. rubrifrons</em>. Although plumage and vocal differences were not pronounced between <em>T. ochraceiceps</em> and <em>T. ferrugineifrons, </em>they were clearly separable based on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Buainain et al. 2021).","tropical rainforest in the western Amazon and Orinoco basins from eastern Venezuela southward to northwestern Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to eastern Amazonas, west of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,"tacgre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacgre4","avibase-93AB2A90",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/140/mode/1up","Hylophilus ferrugineifrons"],["18528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ferrugineifrons ferrugineifrons","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia eastward to southern Venezuela, far western Guyana, and northwestern Brazil (west of the Río Negro), southward to northeastern Peru and western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon, eastward to the west bank of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A4674CC",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Characters of Nine New Species of Birds received in collections from Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/140/mode/1up","Hylophilus ferrugineifrons"],["18529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ferrugineifrons viridior","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.22 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of the Río Marañón and Amazon River) southward to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C926EACF",null,null,"Río Surutu, Bolivia.","A review of the Vireonine genus Pachysylvia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/228/mode/1up","Pachysylvia ochraceiceps viridior"],["18530","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ochraceiceps","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.375","Ochre-crowned Brownlet","Ochre-crowned Brownlet",null,"2025-0228","<em>Tunchiornis ochraceiceps sensu lato</em> is treated as four species based on the genetic, morphological, and vocal analyses of Buainain et al. (2021): <em>T. ochraceiceps; T. luteifrons; T. ferrugineifrons</em>; and <em>T. rubrifrons</em>. Although plumage and vocal differences were not pronounced between <em>T. ochraceiceps</em> and <em>T. ferrugineifrons, </em>they were clearly separable based on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Buainain et al. 2021).","humid to semi-humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula, southward to eastern Panama, and in the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama, and from northwestern Colombia, including the northern end of the central and western Andes, southward along the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"tacgre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacgre2","avibase-D832707B",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/467/mode/1up","Hylophilus ochraceiceps"],["18531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ochraceiceps ochraceiceps","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf lowlands of southern Mexico to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A515301F",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/467/mode/1up","Hylophilus ochraceiceps"],["18532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ochraceiceps pallidipectus","(Ridgway, 1903)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guatemala and Honduras to northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF3E80CE",null,null,"Angostura, Cartago, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/121/mode/1up","Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipectus"],["18533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ochraceiceps pacificus","(Parkes, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-191692CA",null,null,"forest 2 km SW and 2 km S Puerto Juarez (formerly Meco), Quintana Roo, Mexico",null,null,"Hylophilus ochraceiceps pacificus"],["18534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ochraceiceps nelsoni","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Veraguas to Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77DFF553",null,null,"Lion Hill, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/229/mode/1up","Pachysylvia ochraceiceps nelsoni"],["18535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Tunchiornis ochraceiceps bulunensis","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.617",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama to Pacific coast of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-272F74EA",null,null,"Bulun, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","Some further notes on the birds of North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/689/mode/1up","Hylophilus bulunensis"],["18536","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.309",null,null,null,"2025-0226","<em>Hylophilus </em>is treated as three genera following Slager et al. (2014) and Slager &amp; Klicka (2014): <em>Pachysylvia </em>(polytypic); <em>Tunchiornis </em>(polytypic); and a restricted <em>Hylophilus </em>(polytypic).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvicola decurtata [Bonaparte]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/485/mode/1up","Pachysylvia"],["18537","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia decurtata","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.118","Lesser Greenlet","Lesser Greenlet","Lesser Greenlet",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and woodland from the Gulf slope of southeastern Mexico (southern San Luis Potosí and the Yucatan Peninsula) and the Pacific slope from Chiapas southward to eastern Panama, northwestern Colombia in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes in western Colombia southward to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705321","lesgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesgre1","avibase-58274D5F",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/290/mode/1up","Sylvicola decurtata"],["18538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia decurtata brevipennis","(Giraud, 1851)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5, no.2 p.40, pl.3 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E734E3F1",null,null,"Mexico and Texas","Description of a new species of Heninai","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/66/mode/1up","Helinai brevipennis"],["18539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia decurtata dickermani","(Parkes, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CE6B4A2",null,null,"6 mi. S. Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico",null,null,"Hylophilus decurtatus dickermani"],["18540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia decurtata phillipsi","(Parkes, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico) and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB623AD",null,null,"El Pozo de Terraba (=El Pozo del Río Grande), Puntarenas, Costa Rica",null,null,"Hylophilus decurtatus phillipsi"],["18541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia decurtata decurtata","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Belize and Guatemala to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-750939F5",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/290/mode/1up","Sylvicola decurtata"],["18542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia decurtata darienensis","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.282 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26F3ECC4",null,null,"Cape Garachine, eastern Panama.","An ornithological reconnaissance in eastern Panama in 1927.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4116/","Pachysylvia minor darienensis"],["18543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia decurtata minor","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to western Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F3E18AA",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/674/mode/1up","Hylophilus minor"],["18544","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia semibrunnea","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.341","Rufous-naped Greenlet","Rufous-naped Greenlet","Rufous-naped Greenlet",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to far northwestern Venezuela and eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705306","rungre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rungre1","avibase-204918E7",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/351/mode/1up","H[ylophilus] semi-brunneus"],["18545","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia aurantiifrons","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.324","Golden-fronted Greenlet","Golden-fronted Greenlet","Golden-fronted Greenlet",null,null,"dry to humid woodland edge of lowlands to hills from south-central Panama to adjacent northwestern Colombia, disjunctly (?) northeastern Colombia on Caribbean slope through northern Venezuela and Trinidad and southward on east slope of northeastern Andes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705309","gofgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gofgre1","avibase-05336066",null,null,"Panama Railroad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110217#page/409/mode/1up","Hylophilus aurantiifrons"],["18546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia aurantiifrons aurantiifrons","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and Caribbean coast of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EC7CB5F",null,null,"Panama Railroad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110217#page/409/mode/1up","Hylophilus aurantiifrons"],["18547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia aurantiifrons helvina","(Wetmore & Phelps, 1956)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northwestern Venezuela (Zulia to northern Mérida and southern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E20B736",null,null,"Campamento Petrolero, 350 m., near Burgua, Táchira, Venezuela.","Further additions to the list of birds of Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/242/mode/1up","Hylophilus aurantiifrons helvinus"],["18548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia aurantiifrons saturata","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1CEAE21",null,null,"no type locality; type from Rincon de San Antonio, Sucre [=Monagas], northeastern Venezuela, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 171.","On the birds of the island of Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/26/mode/1up","Pachysylvia aurantiifrons saturata"],["18549","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia muscicapina","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.12,156","Buff-cheeked Greenlet","Buff-cheeked Greenlet","Buff-cheeked Greenlet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco basin, the Guianan plateau, and the central Amazon basin, from central-south and eastern Venezuela eastward across the Guianas to far northern (Roraima) and northeastern (Amapá) Brazil, and southward in central Amazonian Brazil to Rondônia, western Mato Grosso, and northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705297","bucgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucgre1","avibase-66B55F55",null,null,"St. Louis d'Oyapok, French Guiana.",null,null,"Hylophilus muscicapinus"],["18550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia muscicapina muscicapina","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.12,156",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0F04867",null,null,"St. Louis d'Oyapok, French Guiana.",null,null,"Hylophilus muscicapinus"],["18551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia muscicapina griseifrons","Snethlage, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70A89B9C",null,null,"Villa Braga, Rio Tapajós [Vila Braga, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil]","Neue Vogelarten aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/178/mode/1up","Pachysylvia muscicapina griseifrons"],["18552","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia hypoxantha","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.71,136","Dusky-capped Greenlet","Dusky-capped Greenlet","Dusky-capped Greenlet",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from far southern Venezuela southward across the western Amazon to northern and central Bolivia (to Santa Cruz), in Brazil mostly south of the Amazon River eastward to northern Mato Grosso",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705303","ducgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducgre1","avibase-7FE65F39",null,null,"Rio Içanna and Rio Vaupe [= Rio Uaupes], upper Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/81/mode/1up","Hylophilus hypoxanthus"],["18553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia hypoxantha hypoxantha","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.71,136",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to far southwestern Venezuela and far northwestern Brazil (south to the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13AEF875",null,null,"Rio Içanna and Rio Vaupe [= Rio Uaupes], upper Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/81/mode/1up","Hylophilus hypoxanthus"],["18554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia hypoxantha fuscicapillus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador and northern Peru (southward to Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B787C3B6",null,null,"Sarayacu, Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/219/mode/1up","Hylophilus fuscicapillus"],["18555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia hypoxantha flaviventris","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central Peru (San Martín to Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1F03CE6",null,null,"Monterico, Ayacucho, Peru.","[Über die ornithologischen Entdeckungen des Herrn Constantin Jelski im westlichen Peru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/76/mode/1up","Hylophilus flaviventris"],["18556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia hypoxantha icterica","(Bond, 1953)","Notulae Naturae 255 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil, far southeastern Peru (Puno), and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8502A909",null,null,"Palmar, 2,600 ft., Yungas de Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Notes on Peruvian Icteridae, Vireonidae and Parulidae.",null,"Hylophilus hypoxanthus ictericus"],["18557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia hypoxantha albigula","Chapman, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus to west bank of Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43D8591E",null,null,"Sta. Julia, Rio Iriri (branch of the Xingu), Brazil.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Pachysylvia fuscicapilla albigula"],["18558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Pachysylvia hypoxantha inornata","Snethlage, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins, south of Itaituba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A596361",null,null,"Cametá, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Amazonien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/55/mode/1up","Pachysylvia inornata"],["18559","genus","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa novaeboracensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 33). = Tanagra grisea Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/219/mode/1up","Vireo"],["18560","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo hypochryseus","Sclater, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.369 pl.46","Golden Vireo","Golden Vireo","Golden Greenlet","2025-0230","Taxon <em>hypochryseus </em>is retained in the genus <em>Vireo </em>pending further research. While nuclear DNA data support placement of <em>hypochryseus </em>within <em>Pachysylvia </em>(Slager et al. 2014), results from mitochondrial DNA data have been inconsistent (Arbeláez-Cortés et al. 2014; Slager et al. 2014; Mejías et al. 2020); further research needed.","dry woodland and edge of lowlands to hills of Pacific slope from far southern Sonora southward to south-central Oaxaca (northwestern to southwestern Mexico); Tres Marias Islands (just west of Nayarit)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705213","golvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golvir1","avibase-CCF80099",null,null,"Mexico.","On some Birds to be added to the Avi-fauna of Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/423/mode/1up","Vireo hypochryseus"],["18561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo hypochryseus nitidus","Van Rossem, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western Mexico (far southern Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB94A16",null,null,"Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua [= Sonora] .","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. C. A systematic report on the Brewster collection of Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/511/mode/1up","Vireo hypochryseus nitidus"],["18562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo hypochryseus hypochryseus","Sclater, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.369 pl.46",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Mexico (Sinaloa and western Durango to western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07E5DD15",null,null,"Mexico.","On some Birds to be added to the Avi-fauna of Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/423/mode/1up","Vireo hypochryseus"],["18563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo hypochryseus sordidus","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AFDE8F4",null,null,"Maria Madre Island, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/24/mode/1up","Vireo hypochryseus sordidus"],["18564","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo sclateri","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.205","Tepui Vireo","Tepui Vireo","Tepui Vireo",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705293","tepgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tepgre1","avibase-DA676D6C",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana [error = Venezuela] .","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/253/mode/1up","Hylophilus sclateri"],["18565","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo philadelphicus","(Cassin, 1851)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.7 p.153","Philadelphia Vireo","Philadelphia Vireo","Philadelphia Vireo",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters to northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705240","phivir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phivir","avibase-447A1BA5",null,null,"Bingham's woods, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/177/mode/1up","Vireosylvia philadelphica"],["18566","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys","(de Lafresnaye, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.81","Brown-capped Vireo","Brown-capped Vireo","Brown-capped Vireo",null,null,"disjunctly in humid montane cloudforest in the Sierra Madre Oriental of northeastern Mexico (eastern Nuevo León and southern Tamaulipas) southward to northern Oaxaca, far eastern Oaxaca southward to northern Nicaragua, northwestern Costa Rica to western Panama, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón to Paría Peninsula), Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, the Andes from western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705273","brcvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcvir1","avibase-66DCDF47",null,null,"Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/89/mode/1up","Hylophilus leucophrys"],["18567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys eleanorae","Sutton & Burleigh, 1940","The Auk 57, no.3 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE215F2A",null,null,"6 miles north of Jacala, 6,000 ft., Hidalgo.","A new Warbling Vireo from Hidalgo.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss3/8/","Vireo gilvus eleanorae"],["18568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys dubius","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A0B3562",null,null,"Galindo,  Edo.Tamaulipas,  Mexico.",null,null,"Vireosylva amauronota (?) dubia"],["18569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys amauronotus","Salvin & Godman, 1881","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of east-central Mexico (Puebla and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE5FE1BA",null,null,"Orizaba, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/243/mode/1up","Vireo amauronotus"],["18570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys strenuus","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiapas (southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD736655",null,null,"Tumbala, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Vireo amauronotus strenuus"],["18571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys bulli","Rowley, 1968","Occasional Papers of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico (Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A803CC1C",null,null,"Cerro Baul, above Rancho Vicente, 16 37'N, 94 10'W, 4500 ft. altitude, Oaxaca, Mexico","Geographic variation in four species of birds in Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"Vireo gilvus bulli"],["18572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys palmeri","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9094002B",null,null,"Canoral, Central Honduras; Holotype: female, collected 24 Feb.",null,null,"Vireosylva amauronota palmeri"],["18573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys costaricensis","(Ridgway, 1903)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"central Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-582E6683",null,null,"San José, Costa Rica",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19609#page/125/mode/1up","Vireosylva josephae costaricensis"],["18574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys chiriquensis","(Bangs, 1903)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E6CCC74",null,null,"Boquete, 4,000 ft., Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45440#page/19/mode/1up","Vireosylva josephae chiriquensis"],["18575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys dissors","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1127 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78D7B090",null,null,"Cerro Munchique, 7,000 ft., west of Popayan, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 39. The genus Vireo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4779/","Vireo gilvus dissors"],["18576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys mirandae","Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia) and mountains of northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5315895F",null,null,"Galiparo [= Galipán] , Cerro del Avila, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/356/mode/1up","Vireo josephae mirandae"],["18577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys josephae","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF2945CD",null,null,"Pallatanga, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/197/mode/1up","Vireo josephae"],["18578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys leucophrys","(de Lafresnaye, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB5D8F7A",null,null,"Colombia.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/89/mode/1up","Hylophilus leucophrys"],["18579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys maranonicus","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1127 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91F3D67C",null,null,"Chaupe, near San Ignacio, Río Chinchipe, 6,100 ft., northern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 39. The genus Vireo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4779/","Vireo gilvus maranonicus"],["18580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo leucophrys laetissimus","(Todd, 1924)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-732DD81F",null,null,"Incachaca, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/164/mode/1up","Vireosylva leucophrys laetissima"],["18581","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo gilvus","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.65 pl.34","Eastern Warbling Vireo","Eastern Warbling Vireo",null,"2026-021","<em>Vireo swainsoni </em>(polytypic, including subspecies <em>brewsteri</em>, <em>victoriae</em>, and <em>sympatricus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>V. gilvus</em> (monotypic). The case by Cicero (2025) shows concordance in genetics, morphology, song, molt, migration, ecology, and response to brood parasitism separating eastern <em>V. gilvus</em> and western <em>V. swainsoni</em>, with relatively low levels of hybridization and cyto-nuclear discordance in contact zones (Carpenter et al. 2022).","breeds southern Canada from central Alberta eastward to southern Nova Scotia and southward to the northern parts of southeastern US states, but mostly from northern Oklahoma, Kentucky, and New Jersey northward; winters from southern Mexico to northeastern Costa Rica",null,null,null,"eawvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eawvir1","avibase-25ACCDC0",null,null,"New York State.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/165/mode/1up","Muscicapa gilva"],["18582","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo swainsoni","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.336","Western Warbling Vireo","Western Warbling Vireo",null,"2026-021","<em>Vireo swainsoni </em>(polytypic, including subspecies <em>brewsteri</em>, <em>victoriae</em>, and <em>sympatricus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>V. gilvus</em> (monotypic). The case by Cicero (2025) shows concordance in genetics, morphology, song, molt, migration, ecology, and response to brood parasitism separating eastern <em>V. gilvus</em> and western <em>V. swainsoni</em>, with relatively low levels of hybridization and cyto-nuclear discordance in contact zones (Carpenter et al. 2022).","breeds in deciduous and coniferous forest edge-wetland ecotones, and riparian woodland from southern Yukon and central Northwest Territories (northwestern Canada) and southwestern Alaska eastward through central Alberta (southwestern Canada), southward to northern Baja California and disjunctly in far southern Baja California, mountains of mainland Mexico to Oaxaca; winters mostly on the Pacific slope of northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora) southward to Oaxaca",null,null,null,"wewvir2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wewvir2","avibase-8E6E7C64",null,null,"Petaluma, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/395/mode/1up","Vireo swainsonii"],["18583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo swainsoni swainsoni","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern Alaska to northern Montana, and along Pacific coast to northern Baja California Norte; winters in western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D089FDFD",null,null,"Petaluma, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/395/mode/1up","Vireo swainsonii"],["18584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo swainsoni brewsteri","(Ridgway, 1903)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Montana and southern Idaho eastward to western South Dakota, southward to western Texas and south-central Mexico (Oaxaca); winters in south-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEA953EB",null,null,"Bravo, Chihuahua.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/120/mode/1up","Vireosylva gilva brewsteri"],["18585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo swainsoni victoriae","Sibley, 1940","The Condor 42, no.5 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B58B31B4",null,null,"Laguna Valley, 6,000 ft., Victoria Mountains, Baja California.","The Warbling Vireo of the Cape district of Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol42/iss5/6/","Vireo gilvus victoriae"],["18586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo swainsoni sympatricus","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in south-central Mexico (Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30C35052",null,null,"5 (road) km. below (northeast) Teziutlan at Río Frio, central-eastern Puebla",null,null,"Vireosylva (swainsonii?) sympatrica"],["18587","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo flavoviridis","(Cassin, 1851)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.7 p.152","Yellow-green Vireo","Yellow-green Vireo","Yellow-green Vireo",null,null,"breeds in open woodland, forest borders, plantations, and riparian forest from central Sonora, and northern Nuevo León and far southern Texas (Pacific and Gulf slopes) throughout Mexico (including the Tres Marías Islands and Yucatan Peninsula) and Central America to central Panama (including the Pearl Islands); populations north of Panama winter in humid forest and edge, and river islands, in western Amazonia from far eastern Colombia along the eastern Andes southward to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705248","yegvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yegvir","avibase-6A7F76A7",null,null,"Panama and San Juan de Nicaragua ; restricted to San Juan de Nicaragua by Zimmer, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1127, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/176/mode/1up","Vireosylvia flavoviridis"],["18588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo flavoviridis hypoleucus","Van Rossem & Hachisuka, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Mexico (Sonora and Sinaloa); wintering grounds unclear but probably southern Central America or northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EC561DB",null,null,"San Francisco Canyon, ca. 1,200 ft., lat. 27° N., extreme eastern boundary of Sonora.","The Yellow-Green Vireo of northwestern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/189/mode/1up","Vireo olivaceus hypoleucus"],["18589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo flavoviridis flavoviridis","(Cassin, 1851)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.7 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Texas to Panama; winters to western Brazil and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AA470E2",null,null,"Panama and San Juan de Nicaragua ; restricted to San Juan de Nicaragua by Zimmer, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1127, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/176/mode/1up","Vireosylvia flavoviridis"],["18590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo flavoviridis forreri","Madarász, 1885","Természetrajzi Füzetek 20 p.85, pl. 6",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tres Marías Islands; winters to western Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-991442C6",null,null,"Islas Tres Marías, western Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96699#page/447/mode/1up","Vireo forreri"],["18591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo flavoviridis insulanus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pearl Islands (Gulf of Panama); winters to upper Amazonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4589670B",null,null,"San Miguel Island [=Isla del Rey], Bay of Panama.","Two new birds from San Miguel island, Bay of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/81/mode/1up","Vireo insulanus"],["18592","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo olivaceus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327","Red-eyed Vireo","Red-eyed Vireo","Red-eyed Vireo",null,null,"breeds Canada and west-central and eastern USA; winters to Cuba and central South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155115462","reevir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reevir1","avibase-847717E2",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","Muscicapa olivacea"],["18593","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo magister","(Baird, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.20,21","Yucatan Vireo","Yucatan Vireo","Yucatan Vireo",null,null,"coastal forest, mangroves, pine ridges, and scrub of eastern Yucatan Peninsula including Cozumel and other islands from Isla Holbox just northeast of Yucatan Peninsula southward through cayes of Belize and eastern Belize mainland; islands just north of Honduras (with some records northern Honduras coast); also Grand Cayman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705257","yucvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yucvir","avibase-A457E9DB",null,null,"Belize, British Honduras.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/41/mode/1up","Vireosylvia magister"],["18594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo magister magister","(Baird, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.20,21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B892995",null,null,"Belize, British Honduras.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/41/mode/1up","Vireosylvia magister"],["18595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo magister decoloratus","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off northern and central Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F3EFAC6",null,null,"Holotype: male [ad.], collected 21 Jan.",null,null,"Vireosylva magister decolorata"],["18596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo magister stilesi","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off southern Belize and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5AC61F6",null,null,"Types: USNM 112512, male [ad.] and USNM 112511, [im. female ?], 8 Sept",null,null,"Vireosylva magister stilesi"],["18597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo magister caymanensis","Cory, 1887","The Auk 4, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06D42CC1",null,null,"Grand Cayman.","A new Vireo from Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss1/2/","Vireo caymanensis"],["18598","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo altiloquus","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.67 pl.38","Black-whiskered Vireo","Black-whiskered Vireo","Black-whiskered Vireo",null,null,"breeds in mangroves and coastal woodland and forest, from coastal peninsular Florida and Florida Keys (southeastern USA) throughout the Greater and Lesser Antilles, islas San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, and Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao; populations from Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica winter in northern South America southward to northern Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705254","bkwvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkwvir","avibase-F57ECDC5",null,null,"Jamaica, Santo Domingo, etc. ; types from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, fide Stenhoiise, 1930, Novit. Zool. 35, p. 271.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/175/mode/1up","Muscicapa altiloqua"],["18599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo altiloquus barbatulus","(Cabanis, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.18 p.467-468",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, and the Cayman Islands; winters in north-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B1DFC7C",null,null,"Cuba.","Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel ; von Letzterem zusammengestellt. Mit Zusätzen und Anmerkungen. (Fortsetz. von Jahrg. II, Erinnerungsschrift S. LXXVII-LXXXVII.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/479/mode/1up","Phyllomanes barbatulus"],["18600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo altiloquus altiloquus","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.67 pl.38",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico; winters to northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FEE1113",null,null,"Jamaica, Santo Domingo, etc. ; types from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, fide Stenhoiise, 1930, Novit. Zool. 35, p. 271.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/175/mode/1up","Muscicapa altiloqua"],["18601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo altiloquus barbadensis","(Ridgway, 1874)","A history of North American birds. Land birds 3 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (St. Croix to Barbados)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AA0DCB9",null,null,"Barbados.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31735#page/391/mode/1up","Vireosylvia calidris var. barbadense"],["18602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo altiloquus bonairensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.28 p.173-174",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, and Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EC86963",null,null,"Bonaire, Dutch West Indies.","Two new subspecies of birds from Bonaire Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/355/mode/1up","Vireo altiloquus bonairensis"],["18603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo altiloquus grandior","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Providencia and Isla Santa Catalina (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1AFFE52",null,null,"Old Providence, Caribbean Sea [Isla de Providencia, Colombia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/194/mode/1up","Vireosylvia grandior"],["18604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo altiloquus canescens","(Cory, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.3 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla San Andrés (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB9730F6",null,null,"St. Andrew's Island. [San Andrés Island, Colombia]","Descriptions of six supposed new species of birds from the Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/1/","Vireosylvia canescens"],["18605","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo gracilirostris","Sharpe, 1890","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 20 p.478","Noronha Vireo","Noronha Vireo","Noronha Vireo",null,null,"Ilha Fernando de Noronha (off coastal northeastern Brazil)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705251","norvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norvir1","avibase-63999CD3",null,null,"Fernando de Noronha.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108769#page/496/mode/1up","Vireo gracilirostris"],["18606","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.174","Chivi Vireo","Chivi Vireo","Chivi Vireo",null,null,"dry to humid forest and woodland, gallery forest, arid scrub, and river islands from western Venezuela and northern Colombia southward in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to northern Peru, including the Marañón Valley, east of the Andes from northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins (mainly along large rivers) to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southern Brazil, and interior and eastern Brazil southward to central Argentina (San Luis and northern Buenos Aires); southern populations from western Amazonia and southern Brazil and Argentina winter northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731796","chivir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chivir1","avibase-3B1C7AD8",null,null,"western Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/188/mode/1up","Sylvia chivi"],["18607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi caucae","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E97E8974",null,null,"Cah, Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Vireosylva chivi caucae"],["18608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi griseobarbatus","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.541-542",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4984E3D8",null,null,"Chimbo, western Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/673/mode/1up","Vireosylvia chivi griseobarbata"],["18609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi pectoralis","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1127 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"middle Marañón Valley of far southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (Cajamarca, Amazonas, and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C8B194",null,null,"Pucara, 2,850 ft., Río Huancabamba, northern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 39. The genus Vireo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4779/","Vireo olivaceus pectoralis"],["18610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi solimoensis","Todd, 1931","The Auk 48, no.3 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazon River and tributaries, from eastern Ecuador and northern Peru eastward to central Brazil (eastward to the lower Rio Negro and west bank of Río Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27AF19D9",null,null,"São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","On Vireo chivi and Its Allies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol48/iss3/5/","Vireo caucae solimoënsis"],["18611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi vividior","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1913","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (northern Amazonas, Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D68A122E",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Zwei neue Vogelformen aus Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/335/mode/1up","Vireo chivi vividior"],["18612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi tobagensis","Hellmayr, 1935","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.8 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6730CED3",null,null,"Tobago.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part VIII. Alaudidae-Compsothlypidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20952#page/160/mode/1up","Vireo virescens tobagensis"],["18613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi agilis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazon River and tributaries (on south bank, west to Río Madeira), and coastal northeastern and eastern Brazil (southward to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-288C11B9",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/69/mode/1up","Lanius agilis"],["18614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi diversus","Zimmer, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1127 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (São Paulo) to Uruguay, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAD3EC1D",null,null,"Roca Nova, 930 1,150 m., Paraná, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 39. The genus Vireo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4779/","Vireo olivaceus diversus"],["18615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo chivi chivi","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Amazonian basin; winters north to Colombia and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83ACB824",null,null,"western Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/188/mode/1up","Sylvia chivi"],["18616","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo vicinior","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.75","Grey Vireo","Gray Vireo","Grey Vireo",null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to northern Baja California; winters to northern Mexico (Sonora)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705209","gryvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryvir","avibase-48DBE76D",null,null,"Fort Whipple, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/83/mode/1up","Vireo vicinior"],["18617","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni","Cassin, 1851","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.7 p.150","Hutton's Vireo","Hutton's Vireo","Hutton's Vireo",null,null,"mostly resident in oak and mixed forest and woodland from southwestern British Columbia, including Vancouver Island (southwestern Canada) southward along Pacific coast (including islands off southern California) and inland in California to northern Baja California and disjunctly in montane southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), montane southeastern Arizona and southwestern Texas southward to east-central Oaxaca, and montane Chiapas to southeastern Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705182","hutvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hutvir","avibase-1BDF5C00",null,null,"Monterey and Georgetown, California ; type from Monterey, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51, p. 31.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/174/mode/1up","Vireo huttoni"],["18618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni obscurus","Anthony, 1891","Zoe: a biological journal 1[\"1890\"] no.10 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada to northwestern California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3CB05B2",null,null,"Beaverton, Washinton Co. Oregon","Notice of a supposed new Vireo from Oregon","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14450#page/22/mode/1up","Vireo huttoni obscurus"],["18619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni parkesi","Rea, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal California (Humboldt County to Marin County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-321C716F",null,null,"13.8-14.2 mi. (22.2-22.8 km) SW Willets, Mendocino Co., California; Types: SD 47064-47076, 2 ad. females, 1 im. female, 1 ad. male collected 12 Oct. 1990 by A. M. Rea.",null,null,"Vireo huttoni parkesi"],["18620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni sierrae","Rea, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada of California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFD44C9B",null,null,"Middle Fork of Consumnes River, 1.7 mi (2.7 km) SSW of Somerset, El Dorada Co. California; Types: SD 46143 and 46144, adult female and male collected 25 and 26 Oct. (respy. ?) 1989. Collector not listed.",null,null,"Vireo huttoni sierrae"],["18621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni huttoni","Cassin, 1851","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.7 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern British Columbia (west of Cascades and Sierras) to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B837B7BC",null,null,"Monterey and Georgetown, California ; type from Monterey, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51, p. 31.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/174/mode/1up","Vireo huttoni"],["18622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni oberholseri","Bishop, 1905","The Condor 7, no.5 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"inner Coast Ranges of California (Monterey County to southern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9012AC58",null,null,"Witch Creek, San Diego Co. California","Notes on a Small Collection of California Birds with Description of an Apparently Unrecognized Race of Hutton's Vireo","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol7/iss5/9/","Vireo huttoni oberholseri"],["18623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni unitti","Rea, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Catalina Island (off southern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F367411",null,null,"Santa Catalina Island, Los Angeles County, California; Types: SD 46935 and 46936, males, and UCSB 24521-24527, 1 male and 6 females, collected 18-21 Sept. 1990 by Philip Unitt and Mark Holmgren.",null,null,"Vireo huttoni unitti"],["18624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni cognatus","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-979AAED1",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/120/mode/1up","Vireo huttoni cognatus"],["18625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni stephensi","Brewster, 1882","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Arizona and New Mexico to northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE5E308A",null,null,"Morse's Mill, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69166#page/158/mode/1up","Vireo huttoni stephensi"],["18626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni carolinae","Brandt, 1938","The Auk 55, no.2 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Texas (east to the Texas Hill Country, which it colonized in the 1990s) and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25FE559C",null,null,"Boot Canyon, 7,000 ft., Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas.","Two new Birds from the Chisos Mountains, Texas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol55/iss2/11/","Vireo huttoni carolinae"],["18627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni pacificus","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.7 p.129 [129-130]",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of western Mexico (Nayarit to southwestern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0BB551E",null,null,"Cerro San Juan, 9 1/2 km. by road west, and south of (above), Topic, Nayarit.","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/175/mode/1up","Vireo huttoni pacificus"],["18628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni mexicanus","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of Mexican Plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AC312C3",null,null,"Mt. Orizaba, Puebla, Mexico.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/120/mode/1up","Vireo huttoni mexicanus"],["18629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo huttoni vulcani","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA891B88",null,null,"Quetzaltenango, 8,000 ft., Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight Collection of Guatemala Birds, III.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Vireo huttoni vulcani"],["18630","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo flavifrons","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.85 pl.54","Yellow-throated Vireo","Yellow-throated Vireo","Yellow-throated Vireo",null,null,"breeds eastern Canada to Gulf States; winters to Venezuela and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705237","yetvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetvir","avibase-F8DDF6A6",null,null,"United States [= eastern United States] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/227/mode/1up","Vireo flavifrons"],["18631","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo carmioli","Baird, 1866","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.356, 352 (in key)","Yellow-winged Vireo","Yellow-winged Vireo","Yellow-winged Vireo",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705185","yewvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yewvir1","avibase-DDD6C145",null,null,"Dota [= Santa Maria de Dota] , San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/368/mode/1up","Vireo carmioli"],["18632","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo masteri","Salaman & Stiles, 1996","Ibis vol.138 p.612-615","Choco Vireo","Choco Vireo","Choco Vireo",null,null,"local on the Pacific slope of Colombia (Risaralda and Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas and Pichincha)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705146","chovir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chovir1","avibase-F63CE02E",null,null,"Alto de Pisones, c. 7 km northwest Geguadas, Municipio de Mistrato, Departmento de Risaralda. Colombia. at 1550 m a.s.l. collected on 5 June 1992 by F.G.S.","A distinctive new species of vireo (Passeriformes: Vireonidae) from the Western Andes of Colombia.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04761.x","Vireo masteri"],["18633","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo solitarius","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.143 pl.17 fig.6","Blue-headed Vireo","Blue-headed Vireo","Blue-headed Vireo",null,null,"breeds in coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forest from southern Northwest Territories eastward to Newfoundland (western to eastern Canada), southward to southern British Columbia, northern tier of northeastern US states, and the Appalachians to northernmost Georgia; winters in southeastern USA, Gulf and Pacific (from Guerrero) slopes of Mexico southward to Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705234","buhvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buhvir","avibase-95DB0943",null,null,"Bartram's woods, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/163/mode/1up","Muscicapa solitaria"],["18634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo solitarius solitarius","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.143 pl.17 fig.6",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern British Columbia to eastern USA; winters to Cuba and Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05D57A8C",null,null,"Bartram's woods, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/163/mode/1up","Muscicapa solitaria"],["18635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo solitarius alticola","Brewster, 1886","The Auk 3, no.1 p.111-112",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Appalachian Mountains to southeastern USA; winters to southern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1462C23",null,null,"Highlands, Macon County, North Carolina.","An ornithological reconnaissance in western North Carolina.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss1/6/","Vireo alticola"],["18636","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo cassinii","Xántus, 1858","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.117","Cassin's Vireo","Cassin's Vireo","Cassin's Vireo",null,null,"breeds in montane and foothill coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forest from central British Columbia eastward to southwestern Alberta (southwestern Canada), southward to northern Baja California, disjunctly in far southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), western Montana and eastern California; winters in southern Baja California and from southern Arizona southward along the Pacific slope and interior Mexico to southeastern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705228","casvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casvir","avibase-EB0CD5DC",null,null,"Fort Tejon, California.","Descriptions of two new species of Birds from the vicinity of Fort Tejon, California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/137/mode/1up","Vireo cassinii"],["18637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo cassinii cassinii","Xántus, 1858","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to northern Baja California; winters to eastern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E953293",null,null,"Fort Tejon, California.","Descriptions of two new species of Birds from the vicinity of Fort Tejon, California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/137/mode/1up","Vireo cassinii"],["18638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo cassinii lucasanus","Brewster, 1891","The Auk 8, no.2 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-234A3425",null,null,"San Jose del Rancho, near Triunfo, Baja California.","Descriptions of Seven Supposed New North American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss2/2/","Vireo solitarius lucasanus"],["18639","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo plumbeus","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.74","Plumbeous Vireo","Plumbeous Vireo","Plumbeous Vireo",null,null,"breeds in montane coniferous and mixed forest patchily in interior western USA from southeastern Montana and southwestern South Dakota southward to eastern California, mountains of Mexico to Belize and far northwestern Nicaragua, and eastward to western Texas; northern breeders winter at lower elevations in southwestern USA and western and southern Mexico, including Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705231","plsvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plsvir","avibase-1BB9C864",null,null,"Fort Whipple, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/82/mode/1up","Vireo plumbeus"],["18640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo plumbeus plumbeus","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from interior western USA (northward to southern Idaho, Wyoming, southeastern Montana, and southwestern South Dakota), southward to southern Mexico (to Guerrero and central Oaxaca); northern populations migratory, wintering in southwestern USA (southern Arizona) and western Mexico (southern Sonora southward to southwestern Veracruz and Oaxaca), but resident in southern Mexico (Michoacán, and possibly Jalisco, to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36E9A44E",null,null,"Fort Whipple, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/82/mode/1up","Vireo plumbeus"],["18641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo plumbeus gravis","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Mexico (Hidalgo, western Veracruz, and northern and western Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-387E0808",null,null,"Río Otlati, western most Puebla; Holotype: adult male, collected 8 Sept.",null,null,"Vireo (solitarius ?) gravis"],["18642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo plumbeus notius","Van Tyne, 1933","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.256 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"pine savanna of Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9140890E",null,null,"'pine ridge, ca. 1,200 ft., 12 miles south of El Cayo, British Honduras.","A new solitary vireo from British Honduras","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56695","Vireo solitarius notius"],["18643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo plumbeus montanus","Van Rossem, 1933","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 no.24 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec) southward to Honduras and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82DA5C44",null,null,"Hacienda Chilata, Sonsonate, El Salvador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/363/mode/1up","Vireo solitarius montanus"],["18644","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo osburni","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.1 p.72 pl.14 fig.2","Blue Mountain Vireo","Blue Mountain Vireo","Blue Mountain Vireo",null,null,"humid montane forest of northwestern Jamaica",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705225","blmvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blmvir1","avibase-A505AE50",null,null,"Freeman's Hall, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica.","List of a Collection of Birds made by the late Mr. W. Osburn in Jamaica, with Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/124/mode/1up","Laletes osburni"],["18645","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo nanus","(Lawrence, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.386","Flat-billed Vireo","Flat-billed Vireo","Flat-billed Vireo",null,null,"semiarid lowland scrub of Hispaniola including Gonâve Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705219","flbvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flbvir1","avibase-D25FD07A",null,null,"Santo Domingo [= Dominican Republic] .","Descriptions of five new Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/426/mode/1up","Empidonax nanus"],["18646","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.188","Mangrove Vireo","Mangrove Vireo","Mangrove Vireo","2025-0224","Although it has been treated either as a monotypic species or as a subspecies of <em>Vireo crassirostris</em>, taxon <em>approximans </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Vireo pallens</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and vocalizations.","mangroves on Pacific coast from southwestern Sonora to central Costa Rica and varied low-stature woodland from Tabasco (southeastern Mexico to far northeastern Costa Rica; also western Caribbean islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705191","manvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manvir1","avibase-A1FD40E8",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua and Punta Arenas, Costa Rica; restricted to Realejo, Nicaragua, by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 417, but Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 119, claims type from Punta Arenas, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/258/mode/1up","Vireo pallens"],["18647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens paluster","Moore, 1938","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves from southwestern Sonora to northwestern Jalisco (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF3EA4B6",null,null,"Isla Las Tunas, gulf coast of northwestern Sinaloa, Mexico.","New races in the genera of Vireo and Buarremon from Sinaloa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/91/mode/1up","Vireo pallens paluster"],["18648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens ochraceus","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of Oaxaca (southwestern Mexico) to western El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D303CF96",null,null,"San Jose de Guatemala.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/258/mode/1up","Vireo ochraceus"],["18649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens pallens","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Honduras, western Nicaragua, and western Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBC79743",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua and Punta Arenas, Costa Rica; restricted to Realejo, Nicaragua, by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 417, but Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 119, claims type from Punta Arenas, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/258/mode/1up","Vireo pallens"],["18650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens nicoyensis","Parkes, 1990","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 59 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicoya Peninsula (northwestern Costa Rica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5768F030",null,null,"Pigres, east coast of the Gulf of Nicoya, Province of Puntarenas, Costa Rica","A revision of the Mangrove Vireo (Vireo pallens) (Aves: Vireonidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229712#page/61/mode/1up","Vireo pallens nicoyensis"],["18651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens salvini","Van Rossem, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AD41874",null,null,"Holbox Island, Yucatan [= Quintana Roo].","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. B. Notes on some types of Mexican and Central American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/464/mode/1up","Vireo pallens salvini"],["18652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens semiflavus","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.188-189",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Guatemala and southern Belize to eastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-618247BD",null,null,"Sakluk [= La Libertad] , Peten, Guatemala.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/258/mode/1up","Vireo semiflavus"],["18653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens wetmorei","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"El Cayo (off eastern Guatemala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7991572",null,null,"El Cayo, off Puerto Barrios, eastern most Guatemala",null,null,"Vireo pallens wetmorei"],["18654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens angulensis","Parkes, 1990","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 59 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Bay Islands (off northern Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BE5B190",null,null,"French Harbor, Isla Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras","A revision of the Mangrove Vireo (Vireo pallens) (Aves: Vireonidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229712#page/56/mode/1up","Vireo pallens angulensis"],["18655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens browningi","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FD76224",null,null,"Greytown, San Juan del Norte, southeastern most Nicaragua; Types: USNM 126153, male, and USNM 126154, female, collected 1 Feb. 1992 by CW. Richmond (3407, 340g)",null,null,"Vireo pallens browningi"],["18656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo pallens approximans","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.179",null,null,null,"2025-0224","Although it has been treated either as a monotypic species or as a subspecies of <em>Vireo crassirostris</em>, taxon <em>approximans </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Vireo pallens</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and vocalizations.","Isla de Providencia and Isla Santa Catalina (just to north of Providencia, to far northwest of Colombia, off eastern Nicaragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFD6B3C5",null,null,"Island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea [Isla de Providencia, Colombia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/195/mode/1up","Vireo approximans"],["18657","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo bairdi","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.22","Cozumel Vireo","Cozumel Vireo","Cozumel Vireo",null,null,"Cozumel (just off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705194","cozvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cozvir1","avibase-080AFDB2",null,null,"Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/378/mode/1up","Vireo bairdi"],["18658","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo crassirostris","(Bryant, 1859)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7 p.112","Thick-billed Vireo","Thick-billed Vireo","Thick-billed Vireo","2025-0224","Although it has been treated either as a monotypic species or as a subspecies of <em>Vireo crassirostris</em>, taxon <em>approximans </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Vireo pallens</em> (polytypic) based on plumage and vocalizations.","Bahamas from Grand Bahama and Abaco southward through Great Inagua, Caicos Isands, cays off north-central Cuba, Tortuga Island [Île de la Tortue, just north of northwestern Haiti], and Cayman Islands; repeated vagrancy to southeastern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705200","thbvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbvir","avibase-AEA614AF",null,null,"New Providence, Bahama Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36472#page/120/mode/1up","Lanivireo crassirostris"],["18659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo crassirostris crassirostris","(Bryant, 1859)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17182068",null,null,"New Providence, Bahama Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36472#page/120/mode/1up","Lanivireo crassirostris"],["18660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo crassirostris stalagmium","Buden, 1985","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98, no.3 p.595",null,null,null,null,null,"Turks and Caicos Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A74F3B93",null,null,"Caicos Islands, North Caicos, along Flamingo Pond Road, east of Kew, collected 29 Feb 1972 by D. W. Buden","New subspecies of Thick-billed Vireo (Aves: Vireonidae) from the Caicos Islands, with remarks on taxonomic status of other populations.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107750#page/623/mode/1up","Vireo crassirostris stalagmium"],["18661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo crassirostris tortugae","Richmond, 1917","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 68, no.7 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Tortue Island (off northwestern Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42ADF837",null,null,"Tortuga [=Tortue] Island, Haiti.","Description of two new birds from Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94424#page/220/mode/1up","Vireo crassirostris tortugae"],["18662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo crassirostris cubensis","Kirkconnell & Garrido, 2000","Cotinga 14 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayo Paredón Grande (Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago), off the northern coast of Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A002BB19",null,null,"Cayo Paredón Grande, Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey, el 16 de octubre de 1989 por Arturo Kirkconnell","Nueva subespecie del Vireo de Bahamas Vireo crassirostris de Cayo Paredón Grande, archipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey, Cuba.","http://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org/articles/14/C14-VIBA.pdf","Vireo crassirostris cubensis"],["18663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo crassirostris alleni","Cory, 1886","The Auk 3, no.4 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB313503",null,null,"Grand Cayman, West Indies","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Vireo alleni"],["18664","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo gundlachii","Lembeye, 1850","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.29 pl.5 fig.1","Cuban Vireo","Cuban Vireo","Cuban Vireo",null,null,"woodland of Cuba including Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Pines; south of western Cuba) and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705197","cubvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubvir1","avibase-73CF3166",null,null,"Cuba ; restricted to Cienf uegos by Todd, 1916, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 256.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/37/mode/1up","Vireo gundlachii"],["18665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo gundlachii magnus","Garrido, 1971","Poeyana 81 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayo Cantile (east of Isla de la Juventud)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4977F949",null,null,"La Aguada del Ingles, Cayo Cantiles, Archipielago de los Canarreos, Province de Matanzas, Cuba","Una nueva subespecie del Vireo gundlachii (Aves: Vireonidae), para Cuba.",null,"Vireo gundlachii magnus"],["18666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo gundlachii sanfelipensis","Garrido, 1973","Poeyana ser. A., 119 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayo Real (Cayo de San Felipe, south of western Cuba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2FC0DE2",null,null,"Cayo Real, Cayos de San Felipe, al Sur de la provincia de Pinar del Rio, Cuba","Anfibios, reptiles y aves de Cayo Real (Cayos de San Felipe), Cuba.",null,"Vireo gundlachii sanfelipensis"],["18667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo gundlachii gundlachii","Lembeye, 1850","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.29 pl.5 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba (except southeastern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAB6E354",null,null,"Cuba ; restricted to Cienf uegos by Todd, 1916, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 256.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/37/mode/1up","Vireo gundlachii"],["18668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo gundlachii orientalis","Todd, 1916","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 10 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67076EF1",null,null,"Arroyo Hondo, Los Canos, Guantanamo, Cuba",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38133#page/310/mode/1up","Vireo gundlachii orientalis"],["18669","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo griseus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45","White-eyed Vireo","White-eyed Vireo","White-eyed Vireo",null,null,"breeds in secondary deciduous scrub, swamps, and mangroves from southeastern Kansas eastward to Massachusetts, southward to central Texas, Gulf slope to southern San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz (eastern Mexico), southern Florida, and Bermuda; winters in southern USA, the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and eastern Mexico (including the Yucatan Peninsula) southward to northern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705188","whevir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whevir","avibase-D97F93CC",null,null,"Louisiana; restricted to New Orleans, New Orleans Parish, Louisiana, by Burleigh and Lowery, 1945, Amer. Midland Naturalist, 34, p. 528.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Tanagra grisea"],["18670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo griseus griseus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and eastern USA; winters to Honduras and Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94C53385",null,null,"Louisiana; restricted to New Orleans, New Orleans Parish, Louisiana, by Burleigh and Lowery, 1945, Amer. Midland Naturalist, 34, p. 528.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Tanagra grisea"],["18671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo griseus maynardi","Brewster, 1887","The Auk 4, no.2 p.148-149",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal and insular Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59F28BC6",null,null,"Key West, Florida.","Three new forms of North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss2/12/","Vireo noveboracensis maynardi"],["18672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo griseus bermudianus","Bangs & Bradlee, 1901","The Auk 18, no.3 p.252-253",null,null,null,null,null,"Bermuda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D6712D",null,null,"Hamilton, Bermuda.","The resident land birds of Bermuda.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss3/4/","Vireo bermudianus"],["18673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo griseus micrus","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.30-31",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas to eastern Mexico (southward to Puebla and far northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23E5BC2C",null,null,"Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Vireo noveboracensis micrus"],["18674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo griseus perquisitor","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.267-268",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-351CAC24",null,null,"Papantla, Veracruz, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Vireo perquisitor"],["18675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo griseus marshalli","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBE148F3",null,null,"Hacienda [del] Angostura [=Angostura, south of San Bartolo, south Central], San Luis Potosí",null,null,"Vireo griseus marshalli"],["18676","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo caribaeus","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1942","Notulae Naturae no.96 p.1","San Andres Vireo","San Andres Vireo","San Andres Vireo",null,null,"mangroves of Isla San Andrés (Colombia, off eastern Nicaragua)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705203","stavir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stavir1","avibase-27936203",null,null,"St. Andrew's Island. [San Andrés Island, Colombia]","Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition, 1941. Part I. Description of a new species of Vireo from St. Andrews Island, Colombia.",null,"Vireo caribaeus"],["18677","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo modestus","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.462","Jamaican Vireo","Jamaican Vireo","Jamaican Vireo",null,null,"lowlands and mountains of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705216","jamvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamvir1","avibase-E57A8704",null,null,"Jamaica.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/576/mode/1up","Vireo modestus"],["18678","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo bellii","Audubon, 1844","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.333 pl.485","Bell's Vireo","Bell's Vireo","Bell's Vireo",null,null,"breeds in shrubland, riparian scrub, and mesquite brushland disjunctly in coastal southern California southward to northwestern Baja California, the Colorado River drainage from southern Nevada eastward to western Texas and southward to Sinaloa (northwestern Mexico), and from North Dakota eastward to Wisconsin and Ohio (north-central USA), southward through northwestern Louiasiana to Durango and southern Nuevo León (north-central Mexico); winters in southern Baja California and the Pacific slope of Mexico from southern Sonora southward to El Salvador and southwestern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705156","belvir","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belvir","avibase-C3168495",null,null,"short distance below Black Snake Hills [=near St. Joseph, Missouri, fide Cooke, 1910, Auk, 27, p. 342].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/475/mode/1up","Vireo bellii"],["18679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo bellii pusillus","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds arid southern California; winters to southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96D32EE5",null,null,"Cape St. Lucas, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/84/mode/1up","Vireo pusillus"],["18680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo bellii arizonae","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA; winters from Baja California and central Sonora to Colima",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C56B84A",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/121/mode/1up","Vireo bellii arizonae"],["18681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo bellii medius","Oberholser, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Texas to southern Durango and southern Coahuila; winters to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E966076",null,null,"Boquillas [= mouth of Tornillo Creek, Brewster County], Texas.","Description of a new Vireo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/30/mode/1up","Vireo bellii medius"],["18682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo bellii bellii","Audubon, 1844","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.333 pl.485",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern USA; winters from southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60B552F7",null,null,"short distance below Black Snake Hills [=near St. Joseph, Missouri, fide Cooke, 1910, Auk, 27, p. 342].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/475/mode/1up","Vireo bellii"],["18683","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo latimeri","Baird, 1866","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.364, 352 (in key)","Puerto Rican Vireo","Puerto Rican Vireo","Puerto Rican Vireo",null,null,"confined mainly to limestone hills of western and central Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705222","purvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purvir1","avibase-F32AC037",null,null,"north side of Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/376/mode/1up","Vireo latimeri"],["18684","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo brevipennis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.213.","Slaty Vireo","Slaty Vireo","Slaty Vireo",null,null,"oak-pine highlands of south-central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705153","slavir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slavir1","avibase-5C84E2D2",null,null,"Orizaba, Veracruz.","On a Collection of Birds made by Signor Matteo Botteri in the vicinity of Orizaba in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/225/mode/1up","Neochloe brevipennis"],["18685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo brevipennis browni","(Miller & Ray, 1944)","The Condor 46, no.2 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine highlands of southwestern Mexico (Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E4D8E3A",null,null,"near Chilpancingo, about 4,000 ft., Guerrero, Mexico.","Discovery of a new Vireo of the genus Neochloe in south-western Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol46/iss2/1/","Neochloe brevipennis browni"],["18686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo brevipennis brevipennis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.213.",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine highlands of southwestern to east-central Mexico (Jalisco and Colima to Morelos, west-central Veracruz and central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF2A56B1",null,null,"Orizaba, Veracruz.","On a Collection of Birds made by Signor Matteo Botteri in the vicinity of Orizaba in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/225/mode/1up","Neochloe brevipennis"],["18687","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo atricapilla","Woodhouse, 1852","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.2 p.60","Black-capped Vireo","Black-capped Vireo","Black-capped Vireo",null,null,"breeds Oklahoma (formerly southern Kansas) to northern Mexico (Coahuila); winters to Guerrero",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705159","bkcvir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcvir1","avibase-DEFD8414",null,null,"Rio San Pedro, 208 miles from San Antonio, on road to El Paso del Norte, Texas [= Devils River, near Sonora, Sutton County, Texas, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 511].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/82/mode/1up","Vireo atricapilla"],["18688","species","Passeriformes","Vireonidae","Shrike-babblers, Erpornis, and Vireos","Vireo nelsoni","Bond, 1936","The Auk 53, no.4 p.458","Dwarf Vireo","Dwarf Vireo","Dwarf Vireo",null,null,"arid highlands of southwestern Mexico (southeastern Jalisco to Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705179","dwavir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwavir1","avibase-CFAA6365",null,null,"Michoacan, Mexico","Vireo Nelsoni Bond","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol53/iss4/63/","Vireo nelsoni"],["18689","family","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolidae",null,null,"Old World Orioles","Old World Orioles","Old World Orioles",null,null,null,null,null,null,"orioli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orioli1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18690","genus","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius kirhocephalus [Lesson & Garnot, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 283).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/413/mode/1up","Pitohui"],["18691","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui dichrous","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31, no.17 p.563","Hooded Pitohui","Hooded Pitohui","Hooded Pitohui",null,null,"New Guinea including Yapen",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705576","hoopit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoopit1","avibase-0D6D5373",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay (New Guinea)","Note sur plusieurs familles naturelles d'Oiseaux, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/573/mode/1up","Rectes dichrous"],["18692","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.2 pl.11","Northern Variable Pitohui","Northern Variable Pitohui","Northern Variable Pitohui",null,null,"northern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691592","varpit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varpit2","avibase-AAB44A3F",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/283/mode/1up","Lanius kirhocephalus"],["18693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus kirhocephalus","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.2 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to Cenderawasih Bay and Momi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAAA57E1",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/283/mode/1up","Lanius kirhocephalus"],["18694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus dohertyi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (islands and peninsulas of Wandammen area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30247F45",null,null,"Ron [=Roon] Island, Geelvink Bay.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Vol. VIII., 1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/113/mode/1up","Pitohui dohertyi"],["18695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus rubiensis","(Meyer, 1884)","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (head of Cenderawasih Bay southward to Triton Bay and Etna Bay); also Adi Island (off southern coast of the Bomberai Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-448D6B82",null,null,"Rubi, head of Geelvink Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/382/mode/1up","Rhectes rubiensis"],["18696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus brunneivertex","Rothschild, 1931","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.2 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (southeastern coast of Cenderawasih Bay, Siriwo to Wanggar River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-330C72F4",null,null,"Siriwo River, southeastern Geelvink Bay.","On a collection of Birds made by Mr. F. Shaw Mayer in the Weyland Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, in 1930.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/286/mode/1up","Pitohui jobiensis brunneivertex"],["18697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus decipiens","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.473",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern New Guinea (Onin Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E5B567C",null,null,"no locality ; Dorey, Rubi, Waweji, Invioragi, Nappen, Mum; Kapaur designated by Stresemann, 1923, Arch. f. Naturg., 89 (7), p. 79.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/487/mode/1up","Rectes decipiens"],["18698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus jobiensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen and nearby Kurudu (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FAB9F49",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/233/mode/1up","Rectes jobiensis"],["18699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus meyeri","Rothschild & Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to Tami River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9501167A",null,null,"Takar, northern New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Vol. VIII., 1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/114/mode/1up","Pitohui meyeri"],["18700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus senex","Stresemann, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (upper Sepik Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C606BCC9",null,null,"Maeanderberg, upper Sepik.","Neue Formen aus Neuguinea und Neupommern.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/26/mode/1up","Pitohui kirhocephalus senex"],["18701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui kirhocephalus brunneicaudus","(Meyer, 1891)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.4 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (lower Sepik River to upper Ramu River) and northern coast of Huon Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2744D96A",null,null,"Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/192/mode/1up","Rhectes brunneicaudus"],["18702","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui cerviniventris","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.430","Raja Ampat Pitohui","Raja Ampat Pitohui","Waigeo Pitohui",null,null,"Waigeo and Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691606","varpit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varpit4","avibase-9A3A0C23",null,null,"Gagie Island [error for Waigeu] .","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/542/mode/1up","Rectes cerviniventris"],["18703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui cerviniventris pallidus","van Oort, 1907","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXIX, Note VII p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Sagewin (off Salawati) and Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26F73A6E",null,null,"Batanta.","On a new subspecies of the genus Pitohui Lesson, with an enumeration of the species of this genus in the collection of the Leyden Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40866#page/83/mode/1up","Pitohui cerviniventris pallidus"],["18704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui cerviniventris cerviniventris","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo and Gam (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09453FE1",null,null,"Gagie Island [error for Waigeu] .","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/542/mode/1up","Rectes cerviniventris"],["18705","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui uropygialis","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.430","Southern Variable Pitohui","Southern Variable Pitohui","Southern Variable Pitohui",null,null,"northwestern and southern New Guinea, including Salawati and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, northwest of New Guinea), and Aru Islands (southwest of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691602","varpit3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varpit3","avibase-66F43F9C",null,null,"Mysol Island.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/542/mode/1up","Rectes uropygialis"],["18706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui uropygialis uropygialis","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (western half of the Bird's Head Peninsula), including Salawati and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-146D4B71",null,null,"Mysol Island.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/542/mode/1up","Rectes uropygialis"],["18707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui uropygialis brunneiceps","(d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Fly River to Gulf of Papua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63D5E6E9",null,null,"Middle Fly River, between 300 and 420 miles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/76/mode/1up","Rectes brunneiceps"],["18708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui uropygialis nigripectus","van Oort, 1909","Nova Guinea 9 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea from Mimika River eastward to upper Eilanden River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7882A75",null,null,"Noord River, southern New Guinea.","Birds from south western and southern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124820#page/157/mode/1up","Pitohui aruensis nigripectus"],["18709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui uropygialis aruensis","(Sharpe, 1877)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.285-286",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A740E439",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/303/mode/1up","Rectes aruensis"],["18710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Pitohui uropygialis meridionalis","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Chads Bay to Yule Island area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-385E9FBC",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.","Note on the Genus Rectes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/465/mode/1up","Rectes meridionalis"],["18711","genus","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Turnagra","Lesson, 1837","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 8 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra macularia [Quoy & Gaimard, 1830]; type by monotypy = Tanagra capensis Sparrman, 1787  ",null,null,null,"Turnagra"],["18712","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Turnagra tanagra","(Schlegel, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4, 1873 (1871) p.190","North Island Piopio","North Island Piopio","North Island Piopio",null,null,"formerly New Zealand (North Island); extinct, last confirmed report in 1902","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728820","noipio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noipio1","avibase-BF367578",null,null,"North Island.",null,null,"Otagon tanagra"],["18713","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Turnagra capensis","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xlv pl.45","South Island Piopio","South Island Piopio","South Island Piopio",null,null,"South and Stewart islands (New Zealand); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705595","soipio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soipio1","avibase-65FAB387",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,null,"Tanagra capensis"],["18714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Turnagra capensis capensis","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xlv pl.45",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly New Zealand (South Island); extinct, last confirmed report in 1905","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C81225B",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,null,"Tanagra capensis"],["18715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Turnagra capensis minor","Fleming, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly New Zealand (Stephens Island); extinct, last reported 1897","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-68F31250",null,null,"Stephen Island.","A new Turnagra from Stephens' Island, New Zealand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/157/mode/1up","Turnagra capensis minor"],["18716","genus","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sphecotheres viridis [Vieillot, 1816]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f48.item","Sphecotheres"],["18717","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres hypoleucus","Finsch, 1898","Notes from the Leyden Museum 20 p.129","Wetar Figbird","Wetar Figbird","Wetar Figbird",null,null,"lowlands of Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706452","wetfig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wetfig1","avibase-191C56A7",null,null,"Wetter Island.","On seven new species of birds in the Leyden Museum from the islands of Wetter, Kisser, Letti and New-Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37321#page/149/mode/1up","Sphecotheres hypoleucus"],["18718","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres viridis","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.68","Green Figbird","Green Figbird","Timor Figbird",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Rote, Semau, and Timor)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706460","grnfig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnfig1","avibase-196347A3",null,null,"'Australasia' [= Kopang, Timor].",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f74.item","Sphecotera viridis"],["18719","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres vieilloti","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.215,text","Australasian Figbird","Australasian Figbird","Australasian Figbird",null,null,"Kai Islands (southeastern Moluccas), southeastern New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706455","ausfig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausfig1","avibase-DAC824A4",null,null,"Keppel Bay [near Rockhampton], Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/221/mode/1up","Sphecotheres Vieilloti"],["18720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres vieilloti salvadorii","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.224-225, pl. XII",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7584A57E",null,null,"near Port Moresby, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/242/mode/1up","Sphecotheres salvadorii"],["18721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres vieilloti cucullatus","(Rosenberg, 1866)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 29 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (Indonesia), Arafura Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B3999E0",null,null,"Key Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48369#page/673/mode/1up","Picnorhamphus cucullatus"],["18722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres vieilloti ashbyi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58C6A3DD",null,null,"Alligator River, Northern Territory.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/460/mode/1up","Sphecotheres flaviventris ashbyi"],["18723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres vieilloti flaviventris","Gould, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.196 p.111-112",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait islands, Cape York Peninsula south to Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EEC5B13",null,null,"Cape York.","On new species of Mammalia and Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/167/mode/1up","Sphecotheres flaviventris"],["18724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Sphecotheres vieilloti vieilloti","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.215,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland southward to Bairnsdale, eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00F41F54",null,null,"Keppel Bay [near Rockhampton], Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/221/mode/1up","Sphecotheres Vieilloti"],["18725","genus","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.160",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus galbula [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/164/mode/1up","Oriolus"],["18726","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus phaeochromus","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.351","Dusky-brown Oriole","Halmahera Oriole","Halmahera Oriole",null,null,"Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706356","halori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/halori1","avibase-53E4D2F9",null,null,"East Gilolo.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/449/mode/1up","Oriolus phaeochromus"],["18727","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus bouroensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.192","Black-eared Oriole","Buru Oriole","Buru Oriole",null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691647","burori2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burori2","avibase-E3BC547E",null,null,"Bourou.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/250/mode/1up","Philedon bouroensis"],["18728","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus forsteni","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.346","Grey-collared Oriole","Seram Oriole","Seram Oriole",null,null,"Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706353","serori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/serori1","avibase-1E7E73E5",null,null,"Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/540/mode/1up","Mimeta forsteni"],["18729","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus sagittatus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxvi","Olive-backed Oriole","Olive-backed Oriole","Olive-backed Oriole",null,null,"Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea) and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706362","olbori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbori1","avibase-068516BB",null,null,"Nova Wallia Australi [= Sydney, fide Mathews].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/32/mode/1up","Coracias sagittata"],["18730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus sagittatus magnirostris","van Oort, 1910","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXXII, Note VIII p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77C10968",null,null,"Merauke, southern New Guinea.","Report on a small collection of birds from Merauke, Southern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/96/mode/1up","Oriolus sagittata magnirostris"],["18731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus sagittatus affinis","Gould, 1848","An introduction to the birds of Australia p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3118EEA6",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237183#page/73/mode/1up","Oriolus affinis"],["18732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus sagittatus grisescens","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.603",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FFF9287",null,null,"Massy Creek, Silver Plains Station [Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Oriolus sagittatus grisescens"],["18733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus sagittatus sagittatus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxvi",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (northern Queensland to Victoria and Robe and Mount Lofty Range, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11EEBEE3",null,null,"Nova Wallia Australi [= Sydney, fide Mathews].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/32/mode/1up","Coracias sagittata"],["18734","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus decipiens","(Sclater, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.199","Tanimbar Oriole","Tanimbar Oriole","Tanimbar Oriole",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691651","burori3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burori3","avibase-D48FFFDD",null,null,"Larat.","Additional Notes on Birds collected in the Timor-Laut, or Tenimber, group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/283/mode/1up","Mimeta decipiens"],["18735","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus flavocinctus","(King, 1826)","Narrative of a survey of the intertropical and western coasts of Australia, performed between the years 1812 and 1822, with an appendix, containing various subjects relating to hydrography and natural history 2(1827) p.419","Green Oriole","Green Oriole","Green Oriole",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas, southern New Guinea, and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706365","greori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greori1","avibase-37DF1792",null,null,"Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228738#page/441/mode/1up","Mimetes flavocinctus"],["18736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus flavocinctus migrator","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"Romang, Leti, and Moa (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A49154F6",null,null,"Letti (=Leti) Island","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/232/mode/1up","Oriolus flavocinctus migrator"],["18737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus flavocinctus muelleri","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea) and Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E27A6A52",null,null,"'N.Guinea' [= Dourga R. = Princess Marianne Strait (Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 184)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/540/mode/1up","Mimeta mulleri"],["18738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus","(King, 1826)","Narrative of a survey of the intertropical and western coasts of Australia, performed between the years 1812 and 1822, with an appendix, containing various subjects relating to hydrography and natural history 2(1827) p.419",null,null,null,null,null,"Romang Island (eastern Lesser Sundas), southern New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia and northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07BB3A7E",null,null,"Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228738#page/441/mode/1up","Mimetes flavocinctus"],["18739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus flavocinctus tiwi","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.600",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D07FECD",null,null,"2 km S of Snake Bay, Melville Is. [Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Oriolus flavocinctus tiwi"],["18740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus flavocinctus flavotinctus","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.600",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait Islands, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1D7573C",null,null,"Massy Creek at lower Silver Plains crossing, Cape York Peninsula. [Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Oriolus flavocinctus flavotinctus"],["18741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus flavocinctus kingi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"Wet Tropics region, northeastern Queensland (Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47697081",null,null,"Cairns, Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/459/mode/1up","Oriolus flavocinctus kingi"],["18742","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus melanotis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.346","Timor Oriole","Timor Oriole","Timor Oriole","2025-0779","Taxon <em>finschi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oriolus melanotis</em> (monotypic) based on pronounced differences in plumage and vocalizations, supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2019b).","Rote, Timor, and Semau (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691625","timori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timori1","avibase-352298C3",null,null,"ex. Nova Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/540/mode/1up","Oriolus melanotis"],["18743","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus szalayi","(Madarász, 1900)","Természetrajzi Füzetek 24 p.76,80","Brown Oriole","Brown Oriole","Brown Oriole",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706359","broori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broori1","avibase-78DA4BAF",null,null,"Finschhafen, Huon Gulf, northeastern New Guinea.","Beiträge zur Ornis von Deutsch Neuguinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48100#page/82/mode/1up","Mimeta szalayi"],["18744","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus finschi","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.219","Wetar Oriole","Wetar Oriole","Wetar Oriole","2025-0779","Taxon <em>finschi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oriolus melanotis</em> (monotypic) based on pronounced differences in plumage and vocalizations, supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2019b).","Wetar and Atauro (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103691629","timori3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timori3","avibase-997885E0",null,null,"Wetter (=Wetar) Island.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/233/mode/1up","Oriolus finschi"],["18745","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthonotus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.152","Dark-throated Oriole","Dark-throated Oriole","Dark-throated Oriole","2025-0711","Taxon <em>consobrinus </em>(polytypic, including <em>persuasus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oriolus xanthonotus</em> based on genomic, bioacoustic, biometric, and morphological evidence (Rheindt et al. 2022).","humid forest, swamp forest, and edges in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar southward to southern Malaysia, Sumatra (including the Mentawai Islands), Bangka, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232593245","datori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/datori1","avibase-8AD3A10D",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/171/mode/1up","Oriolus Xanthonotus"],["18746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthonotus xanthonotus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Thailand, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and southwestern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27D9F63F",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/171/mode/1up","Oriolus Xanthonotus"],["18747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthonotus mentawi","Chasen & Kloss, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Archipelago and adjacent islands off Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0BBA172",null,null,"Siberut Island.","Spolia Mentawiensis. - Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07583.x","Oriolus xanthonotus mentawi"],["18748","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus consobrinus","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.709","Ventriloquial Oriole","Ventriloquial Oriole","Ventriloquial Oriole","2025-0711","Taxon <em>consobrinus </em>(polytypic, including <em>persuasus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oriolus xanthonotus</em> based on genomic, bioacoustic, biometric, and morphological evidence (Rheindt et al. 2022).","northern, central, and eastern Borneo and satellite islands, and Palawan group (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232594002","datori7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/datori7","avibase-C8FDA81D",null,null,"Sandakan district.","Description of a new Oriole from Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/497/mode/1up","Oriolus consobrinus"],["18749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus consobrinus consobrinus","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.709",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B242C7E",null,null,"Sandakan district.","Description of a new Oriole from Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/497/mode/1up","Oriolus consobrinus"],["18750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus consobrinus persuasus","Bangs, 1922","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.4 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan and Culion)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C303F98F",null,null,"Puerto Princessa, Palawan.","Notes on Philippine birds collected by Governor W. Cameron Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/101/mode/1up","Oriolus xanthonotus persuasus"],["18751","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus steerii","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.213 pl.10","Philippine Oriole","Philippine Oriole","Philippine Oriole",null,null,"Visayas, Mindanao group, and Sulu Archipelago (central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706372","phiori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phiori1","avibase-64FE17FB",null,null,"Negros and Basilan, restricted to Negros by Grant (1896, Ibis, p. 532).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/231/mode/1up","Oriolus steerii"],["18752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus steerii samarensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Leyte, eastern Mindanao, and Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EA0C58C",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/21/mode/1up","Oriolus Samarensis"],["18753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus steerii assimilis","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.760-761, pl. LXXVI",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Cebu, Philippines; extinct, last recorded 1906","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-62FAA229",null,null,"Cebu.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/480/mode/1up","Oriolus assimilis"],["18754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus steerii steerii","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.213 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Masbate and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-247D5CB6",null,null,"Negros and Basilan, restricted to Negros by Grant (1896, Ibis, p. 532).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/231/mode/1up","Oriolus steerii"],["18755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus steerii basilanicus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.532",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan and western Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1523145C",null,null,"Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/592/mode/1up","Oriolus basilanicus"],["18756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus steerii cinereogenys","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDB20790",null,null,"Tawi Tawi and Bongao, Sulu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/20/mode/1up","Oriolus cinereogenys"],["18757","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus albiloris","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49","White-lored Oriole","White-lored Oriole","White-lored Oriole",null,null,"northern Philippines (montane forest of Luzon)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706375","whlori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlori1","avibase-4867DAFC",null,null,"'Mountains of northern Luzon' [= Sablan, Benguet Province, northern Luzon].","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Oriolus albiloris"],["18758","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus isabellae","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.2","Isabela Oriole","Isabela Oriole","Isabela Oriole",null,null,"northern Philippines (mountains of northern Luzon)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706378","isaori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isaori1","avibase-D25D1A71",null,null,"'Mountains of northern Luzon' [= Isabela Province, northern Luzon].","[Two new species of birds from Northern Luzon].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/228/mode/1up","Oriolus isabellae"],["18759","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus traillii","(Vigors, 1832)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.13 text to pl.35","Maroon Oriole","Maroon Oriole","Maroon Oriole",null,null,"montane forest from northern India through Himalayas to south-central China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Myanmar, western Thailand, and central Vietnam; some northern populations migrate southward to southern Indochina, others move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706446","marori2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marori2","avibase-11093B09",null,null,"no type locality; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Soc. Nat. Hist., 27, p. 698).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/157/mode/1up","Pastor Traillii"],["18760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus traillii traillii","(Vigors, 1832)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.13 text to pl.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills to Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F10B1654",null,null,"no type locality; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Soc. Nat. Hist., 27, p. 698).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/157/mode/1up","Pastor Traillii"],["18761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus traillii robinsoni","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25912D2A",null,null,"Djiring, southern Annam.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/208/mode/1up","Oriolus traillii robinsoni"],["18762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus traillii nigellicauda","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.342-343",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan; some winter to Indochina and southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5335905",null,null,"Hainan Island.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/364/mode/1up","Psaropholus ardens var. nigellicauda"],["18763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus traillii ardens","(Swinhoe, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.363-365, pl. XIII",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD4D1044",null,null,"Formosa.","Letter from Mr. Swinhoe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/411/mode/1up","Psaropholus ardens"],["18764","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus mellianus","Stresemann, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.64","Silver Oriole","Silver Oriole","Silver Oriole",null,null,"mountains of southern China; winters to southern Thailand and Cambodia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706449","silori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silori1","avibase-5CB04D17",null,null,"'Drachenkopf'. Kwangtung [about lat. 25° N., long. 113° E.].","Oriolus traillii mellianus n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/82/mode/1up","Oriolus traillii mellianus"],["18765","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus hosii","Sharpe, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.4","Black Oriole","Black Oriole","Black Oriole",null,null,"montane forest of northern Sarawak (northern Borneo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706440","blaori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaori1","avibase-50716C00",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, northern Borneo.","New Bornean birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/30/mode/1up","Oriolus hosii"],["18766","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus cruentus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.377,  sp.9","Javan Oriole","Javan Oriole","Javan Oriole","2025-0780","Taxon <em>consanguineus </em>(polytypic, including <em>malayanus </em>and <em>vulneratus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oriolus cruentus</em> (monotypic) based on differences in female plumage coloration and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021), supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2019b).","mountains of western Java",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103692619","bacori3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacori3","avibase-556DF2D6",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/419/mode/1up","Leptopteryx cruenta"],["18767","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus consanguineus","(Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.33-34, pl. I","Black-and-crimson Oriole","Black-and-crimson Oriole","Black-and-crimson Oriole","2025-0780","Taxon <em>consanguineus </em>(polytypic, including <em>malayanus </em>and <em>vulneratus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oriolus cruentus</em> (monotypic) based on differences in female plumage coloration and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021), supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2019b).","humid montane forest in the southern Malayan Peninsula in far southern Thailand and Malaysia, western Sumatra, and northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103692733","bacori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacori1","avibase-3D1CC341",null,null,"Sumatra.","Descriptions of two new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/65/mode/1up","Analcipus consanguineus"],["18768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus consanguineus malayanus","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9164A567",null,null,"Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary,","Eleven new Oriental Birds.",null,"Oriolus cruentus malayanus"],["18769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus consanguineus consanguineus","(Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.33-34, pl. I",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BE07391",null,null,"Sumatra.","Descriptions of two new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/65/mode/1up","Analcipus consanguineus"],["18770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus consanguineus vulneratus","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.437-438",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5BB2C6A",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/491/mode/1up","Oriolus vulneratus"],["18771","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthornus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108","Black-hooded Oriole","Black-hooded Oriole","Black-hooded Oriole",null,null,"lowland to foothill woodland, open forest, swamp-forest, mangroves, plantations, and village groves, from Himachal Pradesh south through Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka eastward to Indochina, and southward to Andaman Islands and northwestern Borneo; partial migrant to peninsular Malaysia and northern Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706437","blhori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhori1","avibase-E931F073",null,null,"'America' [= Bengal].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","Coracias Xanthornus"],["18772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthornus xanthornus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India to Myanmar, Thailand, and northwestern Thai-Malay Peninsula; winters to Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAE73F28",null,null,"'America' [= Bengal].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","Coracias Xanthornus"],["18773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthornus maderaspatanus","Franklin, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABE906A7",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares; restricted to Jubbalpore by Whistler and Kinnear, 1933.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/132/mode/1up","Oriolus madaraspatanus"],["18774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthornus ceylonensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-342904D3",null,null,"Ind. meridion. Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/543/mode/1up","Oriolus ceylonensis"],["18775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthornus reubeni","Abdulali, 1977","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 76[\"1976\"] p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-481F5091",null,null,"Wrightmyo, South Andamans [= Wright Myo, South Andaman Island.]","A new name for the Andaman Blackheaded Oriole.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188009#page/433/mode/1up","Oriolus xanthornus reubeni"],["18776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus xanthornus tanakae","Kuroda, 1925","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 4, no.19 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Borneo and adjacent offshore islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C3F8132",null,null,"Tawao, North Borneo [Sabah, Malaysia].","On a small collection of Birds from British North Borneo.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo.4.19_a1","Oriolus xanthornus tanakae"],["18777","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chlorocephalus","Shelley, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.6 p.183 pl.4","Green-headed Oriole","Green-headed Oriole","Green-headed Oriole",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest, and riverine and coastal forest, from southeastern Kenya southward through western Tanzania, to southern Malawi and south-central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706400","grhori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhori1","avibase-4321596C",null,null,"Mt. Chiradzulu, Nyasaland.","On a Collection of Birds from Mount Chiradzulu, in the Shiré Highlands, Nyasaland. With prefatory Remarks by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/227/mode/1up","Oriolus chlorocephalus"],["18778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chlorocephalus amani","Benson, 1946","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of far southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB58AA19",null,null,"Amani (1,600 ft.), Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Two New Races of Larks from Southern Abyssinia, and a New Race of Green-headed Oriole from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/52/mode/1up","Oriolus chlorocephalus amani"],["18779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chlorocephalus chlorocephalus","Shelley, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.6 p.183 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi and Mozambique (Mount Chiperone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D6BF2D4",null,null,"Mt. Chiradzulu, Nyasaland.","On a Collection of Birds from Mount Chiradzulu, in the Shiré Highlands, Nyasaland. With prefatory Remarks by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/227/mode/1up","Oriolus chlorocephalus"],["18780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chlorocephalus speculifer","Clancey, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.4 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique (Mount Gorongoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-486AAD76",null,null,"Gorongoza Mountain, Mozambique, 3700 ft., in temperate forest","A new race of Green-headed Oriole from Southern Moçambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/146/mode/1up","Oriolus chlorocephalus speculifer"],["18781","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus crassirostris","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.266","Sao Tome Oriole","Sao Tome Oriole","Sao Tome Oriole",null,null,"forest of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706404","satori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satori1","avibase-911FAD1A",null,null,"São Thome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/340/mode/1up","Oriolus crassirostris"],["18782","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus brachyrynchus","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.35","Western Oriole","Western Black-headed Oriole","Western Black-headed Oriole",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, and wooded savanna, from Guinea-Bissau and southern Guinea eastward to southern South Sudan, far western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706410","wbhori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbhori1","avibase-418C7CCB",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/35/mode/1up","Oriolus brachyrhynchus"],["18783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus brachyrynchus brachyrynchus","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and Guinea to Benin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEE85E59",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/35/mode/1up","Oriolus brachyrhynchus"],["18784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus brachyrynchus laetior","Sharpe, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Benin to Cameroon, southern Uganda, and far western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A768341",null,null,"Gabon.","[Some remarks on the Black-headed Orioles of Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/455/mode/1up","Oriolus laetior"],["18785","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus monacha","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.824","Ethiopian Oriole","Ethiopian Black-headed Oriole","Ethiopian Black-headed Oriole",null,null,"foothill and montane forest, and mesic and juniper woodland, of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706415","dahori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dahori1","avibase-B6BCAD32",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/325/mode/1up","Turdus monacha"],["18786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus monacha meneliki","Blundell & Lovat, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"montane juniper forest of southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95AE361D",null,null,"Burka, Abyssinia [30 miles west of Harar].","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/51/mode/1up","Oriolus meneliki"],["18787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus monacha monacha","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.824",null,null,null,null,null,"montane juniper forest of northern Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EAB1DB3",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/325/mode/1up","Turdus monacha"],["18788","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus larvatus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.20","Black-headed Oriole","African Black-headed Oriole","Eastern Black-headed Oriole",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded savanna, miombo and coastal woodland, juniper forest, and mangroves, from South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward through Tanzania and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, to Angola and northern Namibia to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706421","abhori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abhori1","avibase-BE62734A",null,null,"'Terr. Cafifror.' [= Cape Province].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/40/mode/1up","Oriolus larvatus"],["18789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus larvatus rolleti","Salvadori, 1864","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi (?), and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3D2451E",null,null,"White Nile between lat. 4° and 5° N.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40865#page/475/mode/1up","Oriolus Rolleti"],["18790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus larvatus reichenowi","Zedlitz, 1916","Journal für Ornithologie 64, no.1 p.1-4",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Somalia to central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D0BF137",null,null,"Afgoi, southern Somaliland.","Das Süd-Somaliland als zoogeographisches Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43088#page/13/mode/1up","Oriolus larvatus reichenowi"],["18791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus larvatus angolensis","Neumann, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Namibia and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5EBC4E9",null,null,"Malange, Angola.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/250/mode/1up","Oriolus larvatus angolensis"],["18792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus larvatus tibicen","Lawson, 1962","Durban Museum Novitates 6 (16) p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Tanzania southward to coastal southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6720ED8",null,null,"Panda, near Inhambane, Sul do Save, Mozambique. 23 September, 1960","On the geographical variation in the Black-headed Oriole Oriolus larvatus Lichtenstein of Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1720","Oriolus larvatus tibicen"],["18793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus larvatus larvatus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa, Mozambique, and southern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA829EAC",null,null,"'Terr. Cafifror.' [= Cape Province].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/40/mode/1up","Oriolus larvatus"],["18794","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus nigripennis","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.105","Black-winged Oriole","Black-winged Oriole","Black-winged Oriole",null,null,"lowland to submontane mature secondary forest, forest edge, gallery forest, mangroves, plantations, and villages, from Guinea-Bissau eastward, through southern Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and avoiding Congolian rainforest, to South Sudan and eastern Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706433","blwori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwori1","avibase-DBBB162B",null,null,"Gabon River.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/117/mode/1up","Oriolus (Barruffius) nigripennis"],["18795","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus percivali","Ogilvie-Grant, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.18","Mountain Oriole","Mountain Oriole","Mountain Oriole",null,null,"patchy in submontane to montane primary and secondary forest, gallery forest, wooded farmland, parks, and gardens, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya, and southward through Rwanda and Burundi to western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706427","bltori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltori1","avibase-95A2F6E7",null,null,"Kikuyu.","A new species of Oriole from Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/498/mode/1up","Oriolus percivali"],["18796","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus auratus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 18 p.194","African Golden Oriole","African Golden Oriole","African Golden Oriole",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane mesic wooded savanna, miombo and mopane woodland, brushy rocky hills, and gallery forest, from Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, and from Angola to southwestern Tanzania, southward to northern Botswana and central Mozambique; intra-African migrant to more arid habitats farther north, east, and south of breeding range",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706389","afgori2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afgori2","avibase-D4866EAE",null,null,"'Africa', restricted to Gold Coast by Meinertzhagen (Ibis, 1923, p. 61).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60150#page/208/mode/1up","Oriolus auratus"],["18797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus auratus auratus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 18 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Sudan, Uganda, southern Ethiopia, and southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF9B14EA",null,null,"'Africa', restricted to Gold Coast by Meinertzhagen (Ibis, 1923, p. 61).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60150#page/208/mode/1up","Oriolus auratus"],["18798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus auratus notatus","Peters, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.132-133",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Tanzania, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29375525",null,null,"Tete, Zambesi River.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/144/mode/1up","Oriolus notatus"],["18799","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus kundoo","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.87","Indian Golden Oriole","Indian Golden Oriole","Indian Golden Oriole",null,null,"breeds southern Kazakhstan eastward to eastern China and southward to central Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, Nepal, and central India; winters to southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103692955","ingori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ingori1","avibase-4C263A0E",null,null,"Dukhun [= Deccan, India].","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/291/mode/1up","Oriolus Kundoo"],["18800","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus oriolus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107","Eurasian Golden Oriole","Eurasian Golden Oriole","Eurasian Golden Oriole",null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic to eastern Siberia; winters to Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103692938","eugori2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eugori2","avibase-92A772BB",null,null,"in Europa, Asia [= Sweden].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Coracias oriolus"],["18801","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus tenuirostris","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.48,370","Slender-billed Oriole","Slender-billed Oriole","Slender-billed Oriole",null,null,"foothill and montane forest, bamboo, plantations, and wooded savanna, from Bhutan and northeastern India eastward to south-central China and eastern Myanmar, and southward to northern Thailand and southern Vietnam; some northern populations migrate southward to eastern India, or downslope in Himalayas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706397","slbori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbori1","avibase-4ABC6B29",null,null,"central India.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/170/mode/1up","Oriolus tenuirostris"],["18802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus tenuirostris invisus","Riley, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.18 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04F193BD",null,null,"Dran, southern Annam.","Three new forms of Birds from south Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/99/mode/1up","Oriolus chinensis invisus"],["18803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus tenuirostris tenuirostris","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.48,370",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southwestern China and northern southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-632B83E6",null,null,"central India.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/170/mode/1up","Oriolus tenuirostris"],["18804","species","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.160","Black-naped Oriole","Black-naped Oriole","Black-naped Oriole",null,null,"lowland to foothill open forest, plantations, parks, wooded suburbs, and mangroves, from southeastern Russia, Korean Peninsula, and eastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Andaman and Nicobar islands, Sumatra, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas (eastward to Alor), and associated islands; northern populations migrate southward to southern India and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706394","blnori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnori1","avibase-CC216A71",null,null,"China in error = Manila; see Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1923, p. 72; Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, 94, p. 508.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/164/mode/1up","Oriolus chinensis"],["18805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis diffusus","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.197-198",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Asia; winters from India to Indochina and the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3CCAEEA",null,null,"India. (To replace O. Indicus Brisson, 1760; unidentifiable.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/215/mode/1up","Oriolus diffusus"],["18806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis andamanensis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.326-327",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E11E089D",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/354/mode/1up","Oriolus andamanensis"],["18807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis macrourus","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.46-47",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95BA9209",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/168/mode/1up","Oriolus macrourus"],["18808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis maculatus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 18 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Bali, Belitung Islands, and Nias",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A780C9EE",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60150#page/208/mode/1up","Oriolus maculatus"],["18809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis mundus","Richmond, 1903","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.517",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-983E28A1",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/577/mode/1up","Oriolus mundus"],["18810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis sipora","Chasen & Kloss, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Sipura (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3344BCF",null,null,"Sipora Island.","Spolia Mentawiensis. - Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07583.x","Oriolus chinensis sipora"],["18811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis richmondi","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberut and Pagi islands (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED6EA31D",null,null,"North Pagi Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/134/mode/1up","Oriolus maculatus richmondi"],["18812","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis lamprochryseus","Oberholser, 1917","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 54, no.2232 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Masalembu Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3251D143",null,null,"Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on various islands in the Java Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53568#page/248/mode/1up","Oriolus maculatus lampochryseus"],["18813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis insularis","Vorderman, 1893","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 52 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Sapudi, Raas, and Kangean islands (northeast of Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2E5140F",null,null,"Kangean Island.","Bijdrage Tot De Kennis Der Vogels Van Den Kangean-Archipel","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122295#page/244/mode/1up","Oriolus insularis"],["18814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis melanisticus","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.3 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (Karakelong and Salebabu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7291DD01",null,null,"Kabruang and Salibabu, Talaut Islands.","Ueber eine erste Sammlung von Vögeln von den Talaut Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/257/mode/1up","Oriolus melanisticus"],["18815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis sangirensis","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1898","The birds of Celebes and the neighbouring islands 1 p.591",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe and Tabuken islands (off northern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99AB3F85",null,null,"Great Sangi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219122#page/207/mode/1up","Oriolus formosus sangirensis"],["18816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis formosus","Cabanis, 1872","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.119 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"Siau, Tahulandang, Ruang, Biaro, and Mayu islands (off Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B026958E",null,null,"Siao [= Siau].","[Über einen von dem Reisenden Dr. A. Bernh. Meyer auf Siou, einer der Sangi-Inseln, entdeckten Pirol].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/404/mode/1up","Oriolus formosus"],["18817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis celebensis","(Walden, 1872)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 8, pt.2 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Bangka, Talisei, Lembeh, and Togian Islands (off northeast), and Muna and Buton (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5431A561",null,null,"Celebes [= Gorontalo].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91390#page/142/mode/1up","Broderipus celebensis"],["18818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis frontalis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.340, pl. XL",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (east of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1DA47D7",null,null,"Sula Islands.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/394/mode/1up","Oriolus frontalis"],["18819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis stresemanni","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng (Banggai Islands, off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5F05C88",null,null,"Peleng, Celebes.","A new Species and eight new Races from Peleng and Taliaboe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/123/mode/1up","Oriolus chinensis stresemanni"],["18820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis boneratensis","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Tukangbesi Islands (off Sulawesi) and islands in Flores Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7376DFDB",null,null,"Bonerate.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/32/mode/1up","Oriolus boneratensis"],["18821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis broderipi","Bonaparte, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.218 p.279, pl. 18",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, Bisar, and Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E696128",null,null,"Sumbawa.","Descriptions of two new species of Oriole.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/383/mode/1up","Oriolus Broderipii"],["18822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis chinensis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, and associated smaller islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84117258",null,null,"China in error = Manila; see Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1923, p. 72; Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, 94, p. 508.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/164/mode/1up","Oriolus chinensis"],["18823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis yamamurae","Kuroda, 1927","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 5, no.23 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Philippines (Tablas, Panay, Romblon, Sibuyan, Masbate, and Samar southward to Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECD0EC79",null,null,"Basilan [Philippines]","On a collection of Birds from the island of Basilan, S. Philippines.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.5.23_199","Oriolus chinensis yamamurae"],["18824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Oriolidae","Old World Orioles","Oriolus chinensis suluensis","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08B2A63B",null,null,"'Sibutu' [= Tawi Tawi].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/223/mode/1up","Oriolus suluensis"],["18825","family","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephalidae",null,null,"Whistlers and allies","Whistlers and Allies","Whistlers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pachyc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pachyc2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["18826","genus","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.287.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rectes ferrugineus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by subsequent designation (Mathews, 1930, Systema Avium Australasianarum, p. 641).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/305/mode/1up","Pseudorectes"],["18827","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes incertus","(van Oort, 1909)","Nova Guinea 9 p.94","White-bellied Pitohui","White-bellied Pitohui","White-bellied Pitohui",null,null,"lowlands of southern New Guinea (Lorentz River to upper Fly River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705579","whbpit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbpit1","avibase-CBC2CE1F",null,null,"Noord River, southern New Guinea.","Birds from south western and southern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124820#page/158/mode/1up","Pitohui incertus"],["18828","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes ferrugineus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31, no.17 p.563","Rusty Pitohui","Rusty Pitohui","Rusty Pitohui",null,null,"New Guinea and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705583","ruspit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruspit1","avibase-FF953F55",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.","Note sur plusieurs familles naturelles d'Oiseaux, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/573/mode/1up","Rectes ferrugineus"],["18829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes ferrugineus leucorhynchus","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo and Batanta (western Papuan islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B818BE21",null,null,"Gagie [error for Waigeu] .","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/542/mode/1up","Rectes leucorhynchus"],["18830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes ferrugineus brevipennis","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.534",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD88BFA6",null,null,"Aru Islands.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. VII. List of a collection of birdskins made in the Aru Islands by Captain Cayley Webster fom May to July 1896.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/582/mode/1up","Rhectes ferrugineus brevipennis"],["18831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes ferrugineus ferrugineus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31, no.17 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Salawati and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7C660EF",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.","Note sur plusieurs familles naturelles d'Oiseaux, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/573/mode/1up","Rectes ferrugineus"],["18832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes ferrugineus holerythrus","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E5A5E1B",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi Island [Yapen Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/488/mode/1up","Rectes holerythra"],["18833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pseudorectes ferrugineus clarus","(Meyer, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C1ABEEB",null,null,"eastern New Guinea; restricted to Finschhafen, northeastern New Guinea by Mayr, 1941, Birds New Guinea, p. 159.","Beschreibung einiger neuen Vögel aus dem Ostindischen Archipel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/101/mode/1up","Rhectus ferrugineus clarus"],["18834","genus","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Colluricincla cinerea [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by monotypy = Turdus harmonicus Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/219/mode/1up","Colluricincla"],["18835","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla tenebrosa","(Rothschild, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.20","Sooty Shrikethrush","Sooty Shrikethrush","Sooty Shrike-thrush",null,null,"patchily in montane west-central to east-central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705543","soosht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soosht1","avibase-F64EC7D0",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Oranje Range.","Description of a new species of Thickhead from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/48/mode/1up","Pachycephala tenebrosa"],["18836","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.172 AtlasOis. pl.3 fig.1","Little Shrikethrush","Little Shrikethrush",null,"2025-1063","All taxa in the <em>Colluricincla megarhyncha</em> complex are treated as subspecies pending further research. Although sometimes split into 7 species (polytypic<em> C. megarhyncha</em>; polytypic <em>C. fortis</em>; monotypic <em>C. affinis</em>; polytypic <em>C. obscura</em>; monotypic <em>C. discolor</em>; polytypic <em>C. tappenbecki</em>; and polytypic <em>C. rufogaster</em>) based on deep mitochondrial DNA divergences (Deiner et al. 2011; Marki et al. 2018), there is widespread paraphyly within most of the major clades, and possible evidence of intergradation between some clades. A comprehensive genomic DNA study will be needed to confidently determine species and subspecies limits in this complex; supporting information from vocalizations would be desirable.","New Guinea and many satellites, and northern and eastern Australia",null,null,null,"litshr31","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litshr31","avibase-62067DA3",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/230/mode/1up","Muscicapa megarhyncha"],["18837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha megarhyncha","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.172 AtlasOis. pl.3 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Salawati Island (west Papuan islands), Vogelkop Peninsula to head of Cenderawasih Bay and adjacent southwestern New Guinea plain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D29D090",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/230/mode/1up","Muscicapa megarhyncha"],["18838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha parvula","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.147 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Calvert River, eastern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D6C81F9",null,null,"Port Essington.","Exhibition and description of four new species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/276/mode/1up","Colluricincla parvula"],["18839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha aruensis","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37501D9D",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/246/mode/1up","Myiolestes aruensis"],["18840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha fortis","(Gadow, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 8 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0436EE8B",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains [error for D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34316#page/387/mode/1up","Pachycephala fortis"],["18841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha trobriandi","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.3 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"Trobriand Islands (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62E01467",null,null,"Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. IV. List of a collection made by Albert S. Meek on Fergusson, Trobriand, Egum, and Woodlark Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/272/mode/1up","Pachycephala fortis trobriandi"],["18842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha despecta","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.100-101",null,null,null,null,null,"Papuan Peninsula, westward in the north to the Huon Gulf and in the south to the upper Fly-Digul Rivers",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-676D8E13",null,null,"Milne Bay, southeastern New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Vol. VIII., 1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/118/mode/1up","Pinarolestes megarhynchus despectus"],["18843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha affinis","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90D18200",null,null,"Gagie [error for Waigeu] .","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/542/mode/1up","Myiolestes affinis"],["18844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha obscura","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-416031A4",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/424/mode/1up","Rectes Obscura"],["18845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha hybridus","(Meise, 1929)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 17, no.4 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4BBCDBD",null,null,"Tana Mera, north New Guinea.","Verzeichnis der Typen des Staatlichen Museums für Tierkunde in Dresden. Vögel, I.",null,"Pinarolestes megarhynchus hybridus"],["18846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha discolor","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G, p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6445DBD8",null,null,"Sudest Island.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. IV. List of a collection made by Albert S. Meek on Fergusson, Trobriand, Egum, and Woodlark Islands.","https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=60","Colluricincla discolor"],["18847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha tappenbecki","Reichenow, 1899","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.3 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Astrolabe Bay to lower Sepik River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82B21586",null,null,"Friedrich Wilhelms Hafen [=Madang], Astrolabe Bay.","[Über zwei von Hrn. Tappenbeck auf seiner Reise nach dem Ottilienfluss gesammelte neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/128/mode/1up","Colluricincla tappenbecki"],["18848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha madaraszi","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32A31F1B",null,null,"Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Vol. VIII., 1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/118/mode/1up","Pinarolestes megarhyncha madaraszi"],["18849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha maeandrina","(Stresemann, 1921)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.5 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (upper Sepik River and Victor Emanuel Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2E74664",null,null,"Maeanderberg, Sepik Valley.","New forms of Munia, Sericornis, Xanthotis, Melipotes, Peltops, Pachycephala, Pinarolestes, Cacomantis, Collocalia, Hemiprocne described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/48/mode/1up","Pinarolestes megarhynchos maeandrinus"],["18850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha rufogaster","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.149 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Bowen, northeastern Queensland, southward to Port Macquarie, central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F0646F7",null,null,"Richmond River, New South Wales.","Exhibition of three new species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/294/mode/1up","Colluricincla rufogaster"],["18851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha normani","(Mathews, 1914)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (western Torres Strait islands, northern Queensland from Nicholson River eastward to Normanby River catchment, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BFBB5D5",null,null,"Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/118/mode/1up","Caleya megarhynchus normani"],["18852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla megarhyncha griseata","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Starke to Cape Bowling Green, northeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04EC0DCF",null,null,"Cape York and Dunk's Island.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/246/mode/1up","Myiolestes griseatus"],["18853","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla boweri","Ramsay, 1885","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.10, pt.2 p.244","Bower's Shrikethrush","Bower's Shrikethrush","Bower's Shrike-thrush",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region uplands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705553","bowsht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bowsht1","avibase-DBCC8B86",null,null,"Cairns, Queensland.","Description of a new species of Collyriocincla, from the scrubs in the vicinity of Cairns, Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30482#page/294/mode/1up","Collyriocincla boweri"],["18854","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla woodwardi","Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.1 p.228","Sandstone Shrikethrush","Sandstone Shrikethrush","Sandstone Shrike-thrush",null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, Arnhem Land sandstone, northern Northern Territory, and northwestern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705557","sansht2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sansht2","avibase-8A05845F",null,null,"10 miles E. of South Alligator River, Northern Territory (or N.W. Australia).","List of Birds collected in North-Western Australia and Arnhem-Land by Mr. J. T. Tunney.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/242/mode/1up","Colluricincla woodwardi"],["18855","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla harmonica","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xli","Grey Shrikethrush","Gray Shrikethrush","Grey Shrike-thrush",null,null,"eastern New Guinea and Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705561","grysht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grysht1","avibase-AD4D85BB",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/47/mode/1up","Turdus harmonicus"],["18856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla harmonica brunnea","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C52701E",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia [= Port Essington, Northern Territory] .","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/890/mode/1up","Colluricincla brunnea"],["18857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla harmonica superciliosa","Masters, 1876","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Horn Island, southwestern Torres Strait islands, and Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-023F8598",null,null,"Cape Grenville, northern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/90/mode/1up","Colluricincla superciliosa"],["18858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla harmonica harmonica","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xli",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, including Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4EC63CD",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/47/mode/1up","Turdus harmonicus"],["18859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla harmonica strigata","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania, and King and Flinders Islands (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43E89EE3",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/295/mode/1up","Colluricincla strigata"],["18860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Colluricincla harmonica rufiventris","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and central Australia (Pilbara region and southwestern Australia to southern Northern Territory and Flinders Ranges, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AAA979E",null,null,"Swan River, Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/890/mode/1up","Colluricincla rufiventris"],["18861","genus","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Melanorectes","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rectes nigrescens [Schlegel, 1871]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/307/mode/1up","Melanorectes"],["18862","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Melanorectes nigrescens","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.46","Black Pitohui","Black Pitohui","Black Pitohui",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705589","blapit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blapit1","avibase-50C1E978",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/58/mode/1up","Rectes nigrescens"],["18863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Melanorectes nigrescens nigrescens","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak and Tamrau mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57C058BB",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/58/mode/1up","Rectes nigrescens"],["18864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Melanorectes nigrescens wandamensis","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Wandammen Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46D86ED1",null,null,"Mt. Wondiwoi, Wandammen district.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/79/mode/1up","Pitohui nigrescens wandamensis"],["18865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Melanorectes nigrescens meeki","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.3 p.507",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central to east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38FD7C04",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Snow Mountains.","List of the collections of birds made by Albert S. Meek in the lower ranges of the Snow mountains, on the Eilanden River, and on Mount Goliath during the years 1910 and 1911.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/531/mode/1up","Pitohui meeki"],["18866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Melanorectes nigrescens harterti","(Reichenow, 1911)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Saruwaged Mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E8287B7",null,null,"interior of Huon Peninsula.","Melanorhectes harterti Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/200/mode/1up","Melanorhectes harterti"],["18867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Melanorectes nigrescens schistaceus","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Herzog Mountains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C99EF569",null,null,"Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea.","Neue Arten vom südöstlichen Neuguinea und Nordqueensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/205/mode/1up","Rhectes nigrescens schistaceus"],["18868","genus","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Coracornis","Riley, 1918","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coracornis raveni [Riley, 1918]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/197/mode/1up","Coracornis"],["18869","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Coracornis sanghirensis","(Oustalet, 1881)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 5 p.80","Sangihe Whistler","Sangihe Whistler","Sangihe Whistler",null,null,"Sangihe Islands (north of Sulawesi)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724568","sansht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sansht1","avibase-9A7D5255",null,null,"Petta Island, Sangi Island.","Notes d'Ornithologie. (2e série).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98733#page/88/mode/1up","Pinarolestes sanghirensis"],["18870","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Coracornis raveni","Riley, 1918","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.157","Maroon-backed Whistler","Maroon-backed Whistler","Maroon-backed Whistler",null,null,"mountains of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705425","mabwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabwhi1","avibase-68FD78E7",null,null,"Rano Rano, central Celebes.","Two new genera and eight new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/197/mode/1up","Coracornis raveni"],["18871","genus","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala","Vigors, 1825","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14, pt.3 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa pectoralis [Latham, 1801]; type by original designation",null,"Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13693#page/469/mode/1up","Pachycephala"],["18872","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala nudigula","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.171","Bare-throated Whistler","Bare-throated Whistler","Bare-throated Whistler",null,null,"montane western and central Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705516","batwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batwhi1","avibase-EF3BEE97",null,null,"south Flores, above 3000 ft.; Oct 1896","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/189/mode/1up","Pachycephala nudigula"],["18873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala nudigula ilsa","Rensch, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Sumbawa (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4309EA0",null,null,"Sumbawa.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln I. Aus den Ergebnissen der Sunda-Expedition.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0006-0010.pdf#page=5","Pachycephala nudigula ilsa"],["18874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala nudigula nudigula","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Flores (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C88CE3B",null,null,"south Flores, above 3000 ft.; Oct 1896","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/189/mode/1up","Pachycephala nudigula"],["18875","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala olivacea","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.241","Olive Whistler","Olive Whistler","Olive Whistler",null,null,"southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705431","oliwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliwhi1","avibase-AB08B1DE",null,null,"no type locality; Tasmania designated by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 261.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/250/mode/1up","Pachycephala olivacea"],["18876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala olivacea macphersoniana","White, 1920","The Emu 19 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (McPherson Range, southeastern Queensland to Barrington Tops, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32068104",null,null,"Macpherson Range, at New South Wales and Queensland border.","New subspecies of Pachycephala olivacea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35944#page/395/mode/1up","Pachycephala olivacea macphersonianus"],["18877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala olivacea olivacea","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Sydney, New South Wales to Wombat Ranges, western Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD506663",null,null,"no type locality; Tasmania designated by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 261.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/250/mode/1up","Pachycephala olivacea"],["18878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala olivacea bathychroa","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Otway Peninsula, southern Gippsland including Wilson's Promontory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A72B4AA",null,null,"Wait-a-While road, Otway Range, Vic [=Victoria, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Pachycephala olivacea bathychroa"],["18879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala olivacea apatetes","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34E3DDB5",null,null,"Woolnorth, SW of Montagu, Tas. [=Tasmania]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Pachycephala olivacea apatetes"],["18880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala olivacea hesperus","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Robe, southeastern South Australia to Portland Bay, southwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-039A1346",null,null,"1 km N of Wooley’s Lake, Beachport, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Pachycephala olivacea hesperus"],["18881","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala rufogularis","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.164","Red-lored Whistler","Red-lored Whistler","Red-lored Whistler",null,null,"southeastern Australia (mostly Riverland Biosphere Reserve, Ngarkat Conservation Park, Billiatt and Bakara Conservation Parks, southeastern South Australia, Murray-Sunset National Park, Big Desert, northwestern Victoria, Nombinnie and Round Hill Nature Reserves, central New South Wales)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705434","relwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relwhi1","avibase-112C6BA3",null,null,"Adelaide, South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/890/mode/1up","Pachycephala rufogularis"],["18882","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala inornata","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.164","Gilbert's Whistler","Gilbert's Whistler","Gilbert's Whistler",null,null,"southern Australia (Yalgoo to Hayden, southwestern Australia eastward to northern Victoria and northeastern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705437","gilwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gilwhi1","avibase-631D64E0",null,null,"'belts of the Murray in South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/890/mode/1up","Pachycephala inornata"],["18883","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala schlegelii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.43","Regent Whistler","Regent Whistler","Regent Whistler",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705513","regwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/regwhi1","avibase-E548C5FC",null,null,"'Interior New Guinea' [= Arfak Mountains] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/55/mode/1up","Pachycephala Schlegelii"],["18884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala schlegelii schlegelii","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula and Wandammen mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3450286F",null,null,"'Interior New Guinea' [= Arfak Mountains] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/55/mode/1up","Pachycephala Schlegelii"],["18885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala schlegelii obscurior","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central to northeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66883C55",null,null,"Eafa District, between Mts. Alexander and Bellamy, 5000-6000 ft. British New Guinea","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. I. List of three small collections from British New Guinea, mostly brought together in the Owen Stanley Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/33/mode/1up","Pachycephala schlegeli obscurior"],["18886","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala soror","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.692","Sclater's Whistler","Sclater's Whistler","Sclater's Whistler",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705493","sclwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sclwhi1","avibase-8DA085FD",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/834/mode/1up","Pachycephala soror"],["18887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala soror soror","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.692",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9ACB4A7",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/834/mode/1up","Pachycephala soror"],["18888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala soror klossi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1915","Ibis ser.10, Jubilee suppl. no.2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DF19C5D",null,null,"Utakwa River, Snow Mountains.","Report on the Birds collected by the British Ornithologists' Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100945#page/122/mode/1up","P[achycephala] soror klossi"],["18889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala soror octogenarii","Diamond, 1985","The Emu 85, no.2 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Kumawa Mountains, Bomberai Peninsula, western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10624843",null,null,"on the southern watershed of the Kumana Mountains, 1160 m, New Guinea","New distributional records and taxa from the outlying mountain ranges of New Guinea.",null,"Pachycephala soror octogenarii"],["18890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala soror bartoni","Ogilvie-Grant, 1915","Ibis ser.10, Jubilee suppl. no.2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southeastern New Guinea and Goodenough Island (D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-556E3358",null,null,"Owen Stanley Range, British New Guinea.","Report on the Birds collected by the British Ornithologists' Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100945#page/123/mode/1up","P[achycephala] soror bartoni"],["18891","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala collaris","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.1 p.74-75","Louisiade Whistler","Louisiade Whistler",null,null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"louwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/louwhi1","avibase-2BE3319F",null,null,"'Courtance Island,' southeast coast of New Guinea.","Descriptions of five species of new Birds, from Torres Straits and New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/94/mode/1up","Pachycephala collaris"],["18892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala collaris collaris","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.1 p.74-75",null,null,null,null,null,"Louisiade Archipelago except Rossel Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5719B5CD",null,null,"'Courtance Island,' southeast coast of New Guinea.","Descriptions of five species of new Birds, from Torres Straits and New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/94/mode/1up","Pachycephala collaris"],["18893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala collaris rosseliana","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C94FF474",null,null,"Rossel Island.","[Exhibition and description of new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/528/mode/1up","Pachycephala rosseliana"],["18894","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala chlorura","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.20","Melanesian Whistler","Vanuatu Whistler",null,null,null,"Vanuatu and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia)",null,null,null,"necwhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necwhi2","avibase-A8630383",null,null,"New Hebrides (Erromango, Aneiteum) ; restricted to Erromango by Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/32/mode/1up","Pachycephala chlorurus"],["18895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala chlorura intacta","Sharpe, 1900","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.22 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"Banks Group, and larger islands of northern and central Vanuatu southward to Éfaté (Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F21F203B",null,null,"Sandwich Bay, Mallicolo (Malekula), New Hebrides.","On a Collection of Birds made by Captain A. M. Farquhar, R.N., in the New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/397/mode/1up","Pachycephala intacta"],["18896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala chlorura cucullata","(Gray, 1860)","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Aneityum (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E88273C1",null,null,"Aneiteum.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/33/mode/1up","Eopsaltria cucullata"],["18897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala chlorura chlorura","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Erromango (south-central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A56D4D1",null,null,"New Hebrides (Erromango, Aneiteum) ; restricted to Erromango by Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/32/mode/1up","Pachycephala chlorurus"],["18898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala chlorura littayei","Layard, 1878","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.1, no.5 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa and Lifou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1535122E",null,null,"Lifu.","XLII. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Island of Lifu, New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88434#page/395/mode/1up","Pachycephala Littayei"],["18899","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.li","Australian Golden Whistler","Golden Whistler",null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","eastern Australia including Tasmania, and Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia); partial migrant to north",null,null,null,"y01193","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y01193","avibase-D96B2D74",null,null,"Nova Hollandia; restricted to Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 208.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/57/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] pectoralis"],["18900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis occidentalis","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.2 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to Eucla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FE8E294",null,null,"West Australia; restricted to Albany by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 209.","Remarks on foregoing List of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/228/mode/1up","Pachycephala occidentalis"],["18901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis fuliginosa","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (southwestern South Australia eastward to southeastern South Australia and southwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86AD5DF5",null,null,"south coast of New Holland; restricted to Port Lincoln, South Australia, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 208.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/250/mode/1up","Pachycephala fuliginosa"],["18902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis glaucura","Gould, 1845","The birds of Australia 2 (pt.18) pl.65, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B1EFE15",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187062#page/269/mode/1up","Pachycephala glaucura"],["18903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis youngi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (central New South Wales to southwestern Victoria); winters to north",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F2ACE07",null,null,"Lai Lai (14 miles southeast of Ballarat), Victoria.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/337/mode/1up","Pachycephala gutturalis youngi"],["18904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis pectoralis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.li",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, southward to Hunter River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1258DBF7",null,null,"Nova Hollandia; restricted to Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 208.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/57/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] pectoralis"],["18905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis contempta","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Lord Howe Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFE06F52",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/535/mode/1up","Pachycephala contempta"],["18906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands App. pl.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13D7BB68",null,null,"New South Wales [error = Norfolk Island] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/227/mode/1up","Pachycephala xanthoprocta"],["18907","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala macrorhyncha","Strickland, 1849","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.145-146, pl.30","Yellow-throated Whistler","Moluccan Whistler",null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), central and southern Moluccas, Tanimbar Islands, and eastern Lesser Sundas (except Babar)",null,null,null,"yetwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetwhi1","avibase-D830B11A",null,null,"Amboyna.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/252/mode/1up","Pachycephala macrorhyncha"],["18908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala macrorhyncha fuscoflava","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.198, pl. XXVIII",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat and Yamdena)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18C6C909",null,null,"Larat, Timorlaut.","Additional Notes on Birds collected in the Timor-Laut, or Tenimber, group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/282/mode/1up","Pachycephala fusco-flava"],["18909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala macrorhyncha macrorhyncha","Strickland, 1849","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.145-146, pl.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Ambon and Seram)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C89B34B",null,null,"Amboyna.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/252/mode/1up","Pachycephala macrorhyncha"],["18910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala macrorhyncha buruensis","Hartert, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF34D5E1",null,null,"Buru.","[Exhibition of six new species of birds from Buru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/552/mode/1up","Pachycephala melanura buruensis"],["18911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala macrorhyncha clio","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.341-342",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBE60365",null,null,"Sula Islands and Buru ; restricted to Sula Islands by Hartert, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 33.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/395/mode/1up","Pachycephala clio"],["18912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala macrorhyncha pelengensis","Neumann, 1941","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 23 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng and Banggai, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07134DC6",null,null,"Peleng.","Neue Subspecies von Vögeln aus Niederländisch-Indien.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318623","Pachycephala melanura pelengensis"],["18913","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala balim","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.8","Baliem Whistler","Baliem Whistler",null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Baliem and Bele valleys)",null,null,null,"golwhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golwhi2","avibase-2A5D6D4A",null,null,"Balim River, 1,600 m., Oranje Mountains [=Baliem River, Jayawijaya Mountains, Highland Papua, Indonesia]","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New birds from the 1938-1939 Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Pachycephala pectoralis balim"],["18914","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala mentalis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.30,footnote","Black-chinned Whistler","Black-chinned Whistler","Black-chinned Whistler",null,null,"northern Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693456","bkcwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcwhi1","avibase-5309CD6A",null,null,"Batjan and Gilolo [= Halmahera] ; restricted to Batjan.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/64/mode/1up","Pachycephala mentalis"],["18915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala mentalis tidorensis","van Bemmel, 1939","Treubia 17, no.1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Tidore and Ternate)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E22E6C44",null,null,"Tidore Island, Northern Mollucas","Eine neue Pachycephala von den Nord-Molukken, nebst einer Bemerkung über die Rassenkreis Pachycephala pectoralis.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i1.2554","Pachycephala pectoralis tidorensis"],["18916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala mentalis mentalis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.30,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Bacan, Halmahera, and Morotai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F77C4CC",null,null,"Batjan and Gilolo [= Halmahera] ; restricted to Batjan.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/64/mode/1up","Pachycephala mentalis"],["18917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala mentalis obiensis","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27DD4768",null,null,"Obi Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/344/mode/1up","Pachycephala obiensis"],["18918","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala aurea","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.131","Golden-backed Whistler","Golden-backed Whistler","Golden-backed Whistler",null,null,"locally from Weyland and Snow Mountains to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705522","gobwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobwhi1","avibase-F852672F",null,null,"Ramu River, northern New Guinea.","Neue Arten von Kaiser Wilhelms Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/147/mode/1up","Pachycephala aurea"],["18919","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanura","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.134","Mangrove Golden Whistler","Black-tailed Whistler",null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Damar (eastern Lesser Sundas), New Guinea, and Australia through Bismarck Archipelago and far northern Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,"bltwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltwhi1","avibase-78298B32",null,null,"north coast of Australia ; restricted to Derby, west Kimberley District, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 229.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/286/mode/1up","Pachycephala melanura"],["18920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanura dammeriana","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.17",null,null,null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Damar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D71F32E8",null,null,"Dammer Island.","The birds of Dammer Island in the Banda Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/31/mode/1up","Pachycephala melanura dammeriana"],["18921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanura melanura","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Australia (Northwest Cape to northern Kimberley region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2588FCC7",null,null,"north coast of Australia ; restricted to Derby, west Kimberley District, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 229.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/286/mode/1up","Pachycephala melanura"],["18922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanura violetae","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.3 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central northern Australia (northeastern Kimberley region to Gulf of Carpentaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8413BE39",null,null,"Daly River, western Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/100/mode/1up","Pachycephala gutturalis violetae"],["18923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanura spinicaudus","(Pucheran, 1853)","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3, Mamm. et Ois. p.58, pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern (Bintuni Bay, Bird's Neck) and southern New Guinea and offshore islands, northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44F16A99",null,null,"Warrior Island, Torres Straits.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/62/mode/1up","Pteruthius spinicaudus"],["18924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanura dahli","Reichenow, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.178-179",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off southeastern New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-694A31D8",null,null,"Credner Islands, Bismarck Archipelago.","Pachycephala melanura dahli Rchw. n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/194/mode/1up","Pachycephala melanura dahli"],["18925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanura robusta","Masters, 1876","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Australia (northern Kimberley region to Yeppoon, east-central Queensland coast, including smaller southern, central, and eastern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-292D264C",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/89/mode/1up","Pachycephala robusta"],["18926","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala feminina","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.25-27","Rennell Whistler","Rennell Whistler","Rennell Whistler",null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693426","renwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renwhi1","avibase-F095FFBE",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 13. A systematic list of the Birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Pachycephala feminina"],["18927","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3, Mamm. et Ois. p.57, pl.5","Oriole Whistler","Oriole Whistler","Oriole Whistler",null,null,"mostly humid forest in the Solomon Archipelago, from Bougainville southward to Makira",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693418","oriwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oriwhi1","avibase-5CEC5B70",null,null,"Îles Solomon (San Jorge), based on op. cit., Atlas Zool., pl. 5, fig. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/61/mode/1up","Pachycephala orioloides"],["18928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides bougainvillei","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.522 p.10-12",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka, Bougainville, and Shortland Islands (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45F40939",null,null,"Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 20. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3990/","Pachycephala pectoralis bougainvillei"],["18929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides orioloides","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3, Mamm. et Ois. p.57, pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Choiseul, Santa Isabel, and Florida (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C665650C",null,null,"Îles Solomon (San Jorge), based on op. cit., Atlas Zool., pl. 5, fig. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/61/mode/1up","Pachycephala orioloides"],["18930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides centralis","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.522 p.15-16",null,null,null,null,null,"western Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, New Georgia, Vangunu, Nggatokae)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5FA3DB1",null,null,"Vangunu Island, central Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 20. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3990/","Pachycephala pectoralis centralis"],["18931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides melanoptera","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.522 p.18-19",null,null,null,null,null,"western Solomon Islands (Rendova, Tetepare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14475C79",null,null,"Tetipari, central Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 20. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3990/","Pachycephala pectoralis melanoptera"],["18932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides melanonota","Hartert, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Ranongga and Vella Lavella (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-479F0352",null,null,"Vella Lavella Island, British Solomon Islands.","Exhibition of examples of new birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/132/mode/1up","Pachycephala melanonota"],["18933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides pavuvu","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.522 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Pavuvu Islands (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0E6C007",null,null,"Banika Island, Pavuvu or Russel group, British Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 20. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3990/","Pachycephala pectoralis pavuvu"],["18934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides sanfordi","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.22-23",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E05B3761",null,null,"Malaita Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Pachycephala sanfordi"],["18935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides cinnamomea","(Ramsay, 1879)","Nature 45 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal and eastern satellite Maruiapa (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4D2B2AA",null,null,"Gaudalcana [= Guadalcanal], British Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Pseudorectes cinnamomeum"],["18936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orioloides christophori","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Ana and Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5314062E",null,null,"Makira Harbour, San Cristobal Island, British Solomon Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/491/mode/1up","Pachycephalus christophori"],["18937","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala citreogaster","Ramsay, 1876","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.2 p.66-67","Bismarck Whistler","Bismarck Whistler",null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, from Admiralty Islands to Lihir",null,null,null,"biswhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biswhi1","avibase-13B1CB11",null,null,"New Britain.","Description of a supposed new species of Pachycephala, from New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/106/mode/1up","Pachycephala citreogaster"],["18938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala citreogaster citreogaster","Ramsay, 1876","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.2 p.66-67",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-691D3744",null,null,"New Britain.","Description of a supposed new species of Pachycephala, from New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/106/mode/1up","Pachycephala citreogaster"],["18939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala citreogaster sexuvaria","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2A5AEA9",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Exhibition of some birds from St. Matthias Island and descriptions of some new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/78/mode/1up","Pachycephala pectoralis sexuvaria"],["18940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala citreogaster goodsoni","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.4 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F54A869C",null,null,"Manus, Admiralty Islands.","The birds of the Admiralty Islands, north of German New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/326/mode/1up","Pachycephala pectoralis goodsoni"],["18941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala citreogaster tabarensis","Mayr, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Tabar (north of central New Ireland, northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-618AE39E",null,null,"Tabar Island, Tabar group.","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Pachycephala pectoralis tabarensis"],["18942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala citreogaster ottomeyeri","Stresemann, 1933","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 41 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Lihir Islands (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5900B3FC",null,null,"Lihir Island.","Neue Vogelrassen von Lihir (Bismarck-Archipel).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_41_0114-0116.pdf#page=3","Pachycephala pectoralis ottomeyeri"],["18943","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala ornata","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.531 p.8-9","Nendo Whistler","Nendo Whistler",null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Duff, Reef, and Nendö (northern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"temwhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temwhi2","avibase-7994B923",null,null,"Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 21. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from Polynesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4212/","Pachycephala pectoralis ornata"],["18944","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala utupuae","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.531 p.8","Utupua Whistler","Utupua Whistler",null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Utupua (central Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"temwhi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temwhi3","avibase-FD8721C0",null,null,"Utupua, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 21. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from Polynesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4212/","Pachycephala pectoralis utupuae"],["18945","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala vanikorensis","Oustalet, 1875","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris 6ème Série, Tome ? (1875-1876 ?), no.? p.95,text","Vanikoro Whistler","Vanikoro Whistler",null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"temwhi4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temwhi4","avibase-303C7AFB",null,null,"Vanikoro Island.","Sur le genre Pachycephala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98694#page/237/mode/1up","P[achycephala] vanikorensis"],["18946","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala flavifrons","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.96","Samoan Whistler","Samoan Whistler","Samoan Whistler",null,null,"Savaii, Upolu, and Nu-utele (Samoa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705507","samwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samwhi1","avibase-DA48640C",null,null,"Upolu, Samoa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/116/mode/1up","Eopsaltria flavifrons"],["18947","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala jacquinoti","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.329","Tongan Whistler","Tongan Whistler","Tongan Whistler",null,null,"Vava’u Group (‘Uta Vava’u, Kapa, Pangaimotu, ‘Euakafa, ‘Utungake, A’a) and Late Island, in northern Tonga",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705510","tonwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tonwhi1","avibase-E4276EE4",null,null,"Vavao, Tonga Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/515/mode/1up","Pachycephala jacquinoti"],["18948","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala vitiensis","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.20","White-throated Fiji Whistler","White-throated Fiji Whistler",null,"2025-1207","The yellow-throated <em>graeffii </em>group is treated as a species separate from the white-throated <em>Pachycephala vitiensis</em> group based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014) recovered <em>P. vitiensis</em> as polyphyletic, with some deep divergences suggesting there may be multiple species in this complex. Most members of the <em>graeffii </em>group formed a well-supported clade, and this split is also supported by major vocal differences between <em>graeffii </em>and <em>kandavensis</em>. However, comprehensive genetic and bioacoustic analyses are lacking and further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex; in particular the placement of <em>torquata, </em>which was not recovered as part of the <em>graeffii</em> group based on mtDNA (Andersen et al. 2014), and the status of taxa <em>lauana </em>and <em>kandavensis, </em>which were recovered as divergent lineages within the <em>P. vitiensis</em> complex (Andersen et al. 2014).","outlying islands of southern Fiji",null,null,null,"whtwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtwhi1","avibase-782BDEE3",null,null,"Ngau, Fiji.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/32/mode/1up","Pachycephala vitiensis"],["18949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala vitiensis kandavensis","Ramsay, 1876","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.65-66",null,null,null,null,null,"Kadavu (southwestern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39B5F51A",null,null,"Kandavu, Fiji Islands.","Description of a new species of Pachycephala from Fiji, in the collection of Wm. Macleay, Esq., F.L.S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/105/mode/1up","Pachycephala kandavensis"],["18950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala vitiensis lauana","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.531 p.12-13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Lau Archipelago (southern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7C68FD6",null,null,"Ongea Levu, Lau Archipelago, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 21. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from Polynesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4212/","Pachycephala pectoralis lauana"],["18951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala vitiensis vitiensis","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Gau (central Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B628711",null,null,"Ngau, Fiji.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/32/mode/1up","Pachycephala vitiensis"],["18952","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii","Hartlaub, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.6 p.172","Yellow-throated Fiji Whistler","Yellow-throated Fiji Whistler",null,"2025-1207","The yellow-throated <em>graeffii </em>group is treated as a species separate from the white-throated <em>Pachycephala vitiensis</em> group based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014) recovered <em>P. vitiensis</em> as polyphyletic, with some deep divergences suggesting there may be multiple species in this complex. Most members of the <em>graeffii </em>group formed a well-supported clade, and this split is also supported by major vocal differences between <em>graeffii </em>and <em>kandavensis</em>. However, comprehensive genetic and bioacoustic analyses are lacking and further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex; in particular the placement of <em>torquata, </em>which was not recovered as part of the <em>graeffii</em> group based on mtDNA (Andersen et al. 2014), and the status of taxa <em>lauana </em>and <em>kandavensis, </em>which were recovered as divergent lineages within the <em>P. vitiensis</em> complex (Andersen et al. 2014).","main and satellite islands of northern Fiji",null,null,null,"fijwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fijwhi1","avibase-C5A3350D",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji.","On Five New Species of Birds from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/204/mode/1up","Pachycephala graeffii"],["18953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii bella","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.531 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Vatu Vara (northern Lau Archipelago, east-central Fiji, southwestern Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80CE40AC",null,null,"Vatu vara Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 21. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from Polynesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4212/","Pachycephala pectoralis bella"],["18954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii koroana","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.531 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Koro (central Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58699A1E",null,null,"Koro Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 21. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from Polynesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4212/","Pachycephala pectoralis koroana"],["18955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii torquata","Layard, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Taveuni (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B894585C",null,null,"Taviuni Island, Fiji Islands.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/226/mode/1up","Pachycephala torquata"],["18956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii aurantiiventris","Seebohm, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Yaqaga and Vanua Levu (except Cankaundrove Peninsula; northeastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73D753CF",null,null,"Bua, Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands.","On the Fijian Species of the Genus Pachycephala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/128/mode/1up","Pachycephala aurantiiventris"],["18957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii ambigua","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.531 p.16-17",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Levu (Cankaundrove Peninsula), Rabi, and Kioa (northeastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3113ADBE",null,null,"Rambi Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 21. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from Polynesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4212/","Pachycephala pectoralis ambigua"],["18958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii optata","Hartlaub, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.6 p.172-173",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern coastal Viti Levu and Ovalau (western Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DE3CC99",null,null,"Ovalau Island.","On Five New Species of Birds from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/204/mode/1up","Pachycephala (?) optata"],["18959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala graeffii graeffii","Hartlaub, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.6 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Waya (Yasawa group) and Viti Levu (except southwestern; western Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65C7D8CB",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji.","On Five New Species of Birds from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/204/mode/1up","Pachycephala graeffii"],["18960","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala caledonica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.944","New Caledonian Whistler","New Caledonian Whistler","New Caledonian Whistler",null,null,"Grande Terre and Ile des Pins (New Caledonia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705503","necwhi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necwhi3","avibase-CC0F4D34",null,null,"New Caledonia [= Olive Flycatcher of Latham, 1783, Gen. Synop. Birds, 2, pt. 1, p. 342, no. 35].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/445/mode/1up","Muscicapa caledonica"],["18961","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala implicata","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.13","Hooded Whistler","Guadalcanal Hooded Whistler","Guadalcanal Hooded Whistler",null,null,"montane forest of Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693348","guhwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guhwhi1","avibase-D59EAEF7",null,null,"Guadalcanal Island (see also Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, p. 2) .","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Pachycephala implicata"],["18962","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala richardsi","Mayr, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.522 p.3","Bougainville Whistler","Bougainville Hooded Whistler","Bougainville Hooded Whistler",null,null,"montane forest of Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693352","bohwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bohwhi1","avibase-76644DFB",null,null,"Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 20. Notes on Thickheads (Pachycephala) from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3990/","Pachycephala implicata richardsi"],["18963","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orpheus","Jardine, 1849","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.129-30, pl.37","Fawn-breasted Whistler","Fawn-breasted Whistler",null,"2025-1065, 2025-1066","2025-1065)) Species limits in the Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: P. teysmanni is treated as a separate species; taxa par and compar are treated as subspecies of P. orpheus; and taxon dammeriana is treated as a subspecies of P. melanura. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in parts by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted. 2025-1066)) Taxa <em>par </em>and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Pachycephala orpheus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Jønsson et al. (2014), supported by male plumage and biogeographic considerations. Sometimes treated as a separate species (<em>P. par</em>, including ssp. <em>compar</em>), or as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>, but readily distinguished from the latter by the presence of heN0plumaged males, a trait that aligns them with <em>P. orpheus</em>.","eastern Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,"fabwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fabwhi1","avibase-5CF88216",null,null,"Timor.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/278/mode/1up","Pachycephala orpheus"],["18964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orpheus orpheus","Jardine, 1849","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.129-30, pl.37",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Semau, Timor, Jaco, and Wetar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9D37202",null,null,"Timor.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/278/mode/1up","Pachycephala orpheus"],["18965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orpheus par","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.211",null,null,null,"2025-1066","Taxa <em>par </em>and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Pachycephala orpheus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Jønsson et al. (2014), supported by male plumage and biogeographic considerations. Sometimes treated as a separate species (<em>P. par</em>, including ssp. <em>compar</em>), or as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>, but readily distinguished from the latter by the heN0plumaged males, a trait that aligns them with <em>P. orpheus</em>.","Romang (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78C89FEF",null,null,"Roma Island.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/225/mode/1up","Pachycephala par"],["18966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala orpheus compar","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.212",null,null,null,"2025-1066","Taxa <em>par </em>and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Pachycephala orpheus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Jønsson et al. (2014), supported by male plumage and biogeographic considerations. Sometimes treated as a separate species (<em>P. par</em>, including ssp. <em>compar</em>), or as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>, but readily distinguished from the latter by the heN0plumaged males, a trait that aligns them with <em>P. orpheus</em>.","eastern Lesser Sundas (Leti and Moa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-262FD552",null,null,"Letti Island.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/226/mode/1up","Pachycephala par compar"],["18967","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala teysmanni","Büttikofer, 1893","Notes from the Leyden Museum XV, Note XXII p.167-168","Selayar Whistler","Selayar Whistler","Selayar Whistler","2025-1064","Taxon <em>teysmanni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pachycephala fulvotincta</em> based on male plumage. Although mitochondrial DNA divergence (Jønsson et al. 2014) supports this split, the placement of <em>P. f. everetti </em>as sister to <em>P. teysmanni</em>, and species limits in the<em> P. fulvotincta</em> complex more broadly, will require information from genome-wide analyses.","Selayar (Flores Sea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103693387","rubwhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubwhi2","avibase-FF5968A9",null,null,"'Macassar, South Celebes,' in error for Salayer (Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 169).","On two new species of Pachycephala from South Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/179/mode/1up","Pachycephala teysmanni"],["18968","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala calliope","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.328","Tenggara Whistler","Tenggara Whistler",null,"2025-1064, 2025-1065","2025-1064)) Taxon <em>teysmanni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pachycephala fulvotincta</em> based on male plumage. Although mitochondrial DNA divergence (Jønsson et al. 2014) supports this split, the placement of <em>P. f. everetti</em> as sister to <em>P. teysmanni,</em> and species limits in the <em>P. fulvotincta</em> complex, more broadly, will require information from genome-wide analyses. 2025-1065)) Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni </em>is treated as a separate species; taxa <em>par </em>and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of<em> P. orpheus</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of<em> P. melanura</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in parts by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Java and Bali through Lesser Sundas; Flores Sea islands south of Sulawesi",null,null,null,"rubwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubwhi1","avibase-7649BB13",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/514/mode/1up","P[achycephala] calliope"],["18969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala calliope everetti","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea, Kalaotoa, and Madu islands (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E1F103E",null,null,"Djampea Island.","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/190/mode/1up","Pachycephala everetti"],["18970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala calliope javana","Hartert, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69F74264",null,null,"Mt. Ardjuno, East Java.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Thickhead from Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/128/mode/1up","Pachycephala pectoralis javana"],["18971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala calliope fulvotincta","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa to Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-023C6157",null,null,"Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/592/mode/1up","Pachycephala fulvotincta"],["18972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala calliope fulviventris","Hartert, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA56379F",null,null,"Sumba.","[Description of a new Pachycephala and a new Pitta collected on the Island of Sumba, or Sandalwood].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/341/mode/1up","Pachycephala fulviventris"],["18973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala calliope calliope","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Rote, Timor, Semau, and Wetar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60A0BCD9",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/514/mode/1up","P[achycephala] calliope"],["18974","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala sharpei","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.36","Babar Whistler","Babar Whistler",null,"2025-1065","Species limits in the <em>Pachycephala pectoralis</em> (Golden Whistler) complex follow the IOC arrangement (in use for versions 11.1 to 14.1) except that: <em>P. teysmanni</em> is treated as a separate monotypic species, while IOC 14.1 treated it as a subspecies of <em>P. fulvotincta</em>; taxa <em>par</em> and <em>compar </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>P. orpheus</em>, while IOC 14.1 included them as subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>; and taxon <em>dammeriana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>P. melanura</em>, which IOC 14.1 also treated as a subspecies of <em>P. macrorhyncha</em>. This reclassification is mostly based on the genomic DNA data of Brady et al. (2022), supported in part by mitochondrial DNA (Jønsson et al. 2014) and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2014), plumages, and biogeographic considerations. However, taxon sampling in the genomic DNA study of Brady et al. (2022) is incomplete and further research on species limits in this complex is warranted.","Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"yetwhi6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetwhi6","avibase-1F32AD36",null,null,"Babbar Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/386/mode/1up","Pachycephala Sharpei"],["18975","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala rufiventris","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.liv","Rufous Whistler","Rufous Whistler","Rufous Whistler",null,null,"Australia and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705537","rufwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufwhi1","avibase-0ABCDD1C",null,null,"Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 235.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/60/mode/1up","S[ylvia] rufiventris"],["18976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala rufiventris minor","Zietz, 1914","South Australian Ornithologist 1, no.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C62BB45",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory.","The avifauna of Melville Island, Northern Territory.","https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume1/1914V1_1P011.pdf","Pachycephala rufiventris minor"],["18977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala rufiventris falcata","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia eastward to northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EE0C86B",null,null,"Port Essington, Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/286/mode/1up","Pachycephala falcata"],["18978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala rufiventris pallida","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.3 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southern Gulf of Carpentaria to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D823232E",null,null,"Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland and southward to George Town.","Description of a new species of Pachycephala from the Gulf of Carpentaria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/240/mode/1up","Pachycephala pallida"],["18979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala rufiventris rufiventris","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.liv",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Australian mainland south of tropics; winters to north",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EC65750",null,null,"Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 235.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/60/mode/1up","S[ylvia] rufiventris"],["18980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala rufiventris xanthetraea","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.268-269",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B90FC57",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/290/mode/1up","Muscicapa xanthetraea"],["18981","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala leucogastra","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.822","White-bellied Whistler","White-bellied Whistler","White-bellied Whistler",null,null,"north-central and southeastern New Guinea, including Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705534","whbwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwhi1","avibase-3E96E081",null,null,"Mt. Epa, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/828/mode/1up","Pachycephala leucogastra"],["18982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala leucogastra leucogastra","Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.822",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunctly and local in northern and southeastern New Guinea in coastal Sepik area, mouth of Purari River, and southern coast of southeastern peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12AA4A7A",null,null,"Mt. Epa, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/828/mode/1up","Pachycephala leucogastra"],["18983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala leucogastra meeki","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C848D17E",null,null,"Rossel Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/535/mode/1up","Pachycephala meeki"],["18984","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala lanioides","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.142","White-breasted Whistler","White-breasted Whistler","White-breasted Whistler",null,null,"coastal northwestern to north-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705540","whbwhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwhi2","avibase-A6E44BBF",null,null,"northwest coast of Australia; restricted to Derby by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 255.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/672/mode/1up","Pachycephala Lanioides"],["18985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala lanioides carnarvoni","(Mathews, 1913)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.4 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Pilbara region (central Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24102014",null,null,"Carnaron, midwestern Australia.","New species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/93/mode/1up","Alisterornis lanioides carnaroni"],["18986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala lanioides lanioides","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Australia (western Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFCFC969",null,null,"northwest coast of Australia; restricted to Derby by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 255.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/672/mode/1up","Pachycephala Lanioides"],["18987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala lanioides fretorum","De Vis, 1889","The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 6 p.236 (in list)",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Australia (eastern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to southwestern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CD82EC0",null,null,"'Kimberley' [= Karumba, near Normanton], Gulf of Carpentaria.","List of Birds, Lizards, and Snakes collected at Cambridge Gulf, identified by Mr. C. De Vis, M.A..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148132#page/303/mode/1up","P[achycephala] fretorum"],["18988","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala arctitorquis","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.55 pl.13","Wallacean Whistler","Wallacean Whistler","Wallacean Whistler",null,null,"Lesser Sundas and southern Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705528","walwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/walwhi1","avibase-C969AFEC",null,null,"Larat, Tenimbar.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/109/mode/1up","Pachycephala arctitorquis"],["18989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala arctitorquis kebirensis","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Moa, Romang, Babar, Wetan, and Damar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC9A2096",null,null,"Kebir (Babar) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/385/mode/1up","Pachycephala kebirensis"],["18990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala arctitorquis arctitorquis","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.55 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena, Larat, Lutu, and Mutu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F139F20",null,null,"Larat, Tenimbar.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/109/mode/1up","Pachycephala arctitorquis"],["18991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala arctitorquis tianduana","Hartert, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Tayandu Islands (Banda Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EEC6BE7",null,null,"Tiandou Island, west of Key Islands.","[Exhibition and description of a new form of Thickhead].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/211/mode/1up","Pachycephala tianduana"],["18992","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala monacha","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.179","Black-headed Whistler","Black-headed Whistler","Black-headed Whistler",null,null,"New Guinea including Aru Islands (southwest of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705531","blhwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhwhi1","avibase-76AD04B7",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/245/mode/1up","Pachycephala ? monacha"],["18993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala monacha monacha","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B6C91BA",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/245/mode/1up","Pachycephala ? monacha"],["18994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala monacha lugubris","Salvadori, 1881","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 12(21) p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73914136",null,null,"collected by Miller along the Utanata River in southern New Guinea","Descrizione di trentuna specie nuove di uccelli della sottoregione papuana, e note intorno ad altre poco conosciute","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/346/mode/1up","Pachycephala lugubris"],["18995","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala griseonota","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.429","Drab Whistler","Drab Whistler","Drab Whistler","2025-1062","Taxon <em>johni </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pachycephala griseonota</em> based on available evidence. Despite marked differences in ventral plumage coloration, support for the split based on vocal and genomic DNA (Brady et al. 2022) evidence is weak; further research needed.","Banggai and Sula islands and Moluccas eastward through Kai Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705525","drawhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drawhi1","avibase-01907039",null,null,"Mysol Island [error for Ceram, southern Moluccas] .","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/541/mode/1up","Pachycephala griseonota"],["18996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala griseonota lineolata","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands, and Taliabu, Seho, and Sanana, in Sula Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9478B8E2",null,null,"Sula and Buru Islands ; restricted to Sula by Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 14.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/395/mode/1up","Pachycephala lineolata"],["18997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala griseonota cinerascens","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C7F349A",null,null,"Ternate, Tidore, and Morotai.  [Maluku Islands]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/346/mode/1up","Pachycephala cinerascens"],["18998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala griseonota examinata","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49C8C21C",null,null,"Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/534/mode/1up","Pachycephala examinata"],["18999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala griseonota griseonota","Gray, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01B99B15",null,null,"Mysol Island [error for Ceram, southern Moluccas] .","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/541/mode/1up","Pachycephala griseonota"],["19000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala griseonota kuehni","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (Kai Kecil and Kai Besar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D648CA53",null,null,"Tual, Little Key Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/534/mode/1up","Pachycephala kuehni"],["19001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala griseonota johni","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45940737",null,null,"Obi Major Island.","The Birds of the Obi Group, Central Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/26/mode/1up","Pachycephala johni"],["19002","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.135","Grey Whistler","Gray Whistler",null,"2025-1067","Taxon <em>griseiceps </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Pachycephala simplex</em> pending further research. Sometimes treated as a separate species based on plumage and voice; however, taxon <em>rufipennis</em>, a member of the brown whistler group, is phenotypically intermediate, and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Jønsson et al. 2014) between <em>simplex </em>and members of the <em>griseiceps </em>group is modest. Although genomic data (Brady et al. 2022) indicate that a deep divergence occurs within the <em>P. simplex sensu lato</em> complex, taxon sampling is too limited to draw taxonomic conclusions; a comprehensive integrative analysis of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics, is needed.","southern Moluccas, New Guinea and satellite islands, and northern Australia",null,null,null,"grywhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grywhi2","avibase-409B6E6A",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/287/mode/1up","Pachycephala simplex"],["19003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex rufipennis","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (Kai Kecil and Kai Besar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE804345",null,null,"Key Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/244/mode/1up","Pachycephala rufipennis"],["19004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex griseiceps","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea from Bird's Head Peninsula and Bird's Neck to southern lowlands, Trans-Fly, and southern southeastern peninsula eastward to Port Moresby, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-445A9265",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/244/mode/1up","Pachycephala griseiceps"],["19005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex jobiensis","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central New Guinea, including Yapen and Meos Num Islands (Cenderawasih Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ED4BFF6",null,null,"Jobi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/428/mode/1up","Pachycephala griseiceps var. jobiensis"],["19006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex brunnescens","Wolters, 1980","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen pt.6 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea, including D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A836BA6",null,null,"near Port Moresby, New Guinea","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine Systematische Lists mil Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. 4","https://archive.org/details/dievogelartender0000wolt/page/401/mode/1up?q=Pachycephala+griseiceps+brunnescens","Pachycephala griseiceps brunnescens"],["19007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex sudestensis","(De Vis, 1892)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F687A4F6",null,null,"Sudest Island.",null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84530505#page/n125/mode/1up","Eopsaltria sudestensis"],["19008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex peninsulae","Hartert, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Wet Tropics and eastern Cape York Peninsula (northeastern Queensland, Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71CB131A",null,null,"Cape York Peninsula, Queensland.","[Exhibition and description of a new Thickhead].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/553/mode/1up","Pachycephala peninsulae"],["19009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala simplex simplex","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"central northern Australia (northern Northern Territory, Tiwi islands, and Groote Eylandt)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CA87789",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/287/mode/1up","Pachycephala simplex"],["19010","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala modesta","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.101","Brown-backed Whistler","Brown-backed Whistler","Brown-backed Whistler",null,null,"montane central and eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705460","brbwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbwhi1","avibase-F1D4D8D5",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, 5,000 ft., southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=31","Poecilodryas modesta"],["19011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala modesta modesta","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of east-central to southeastern New Guinea, including Huon Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52BD0827",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, 5,000 ft., southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=31","Poecilodryas modesta"],["19012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala modesta telefolminensis","Gilliard & LeCroy, 1961","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123, art.1 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"central New Guinea (Victor Emanuel and Hindenburg mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ADABF69",null,null,"Mt. Ifal, Victor Emanuel Mountains.","Birds of the Victor Emmanuel and Hindenburg Mountains, New Guinea. Results of the American Museum of Natural History Expedition to New Guinea, in 1954.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1216","Pachycephala modesta telefolminensis"],["19013","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala meyeri","Salvadori, 1890","Aggiunte alla Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche p.104","Vogelkop Whistler","Vogelkop Whistler","Vogelkop Whistler",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak, Tamrau, and [?] Foya mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705473","vogwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vogwhi1","avibase-396BBD58",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34268#page/110/mode/1up","Pachycephala meyeri"],["19014","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala lorentzi","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.673","Lorentz's Whistler","Lorentz's Whistler","Lorentz's Whistler",null,null,"New Guinea (Snow, Victor Emanuel, and Hindenburg mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705496","lorwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lorwhi1","avibase-B22B9BD5",null,null,"Hellwig Mountains, Oranje Mountains",null,null,"Pachycephala schlegelii lorentzi"],["19015","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hyperythra","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.932","Rusty Whistler","Rusty Whistler","Rusty Whistler",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705457","ruswhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruswhi1","avibase-2F4882E1",null,null,"Kapaur and Arfak Mountains, New Guinea; restricted to Arfak Mountains by Mayr, 1941, Birds New Guinea, p. 151.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/938/mode/1up","Pachycephala hyperythra"],["19016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hyperythra hyperythra","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.932",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4978D394",null,null,"Kapaur and Arfak Mountains, New Guinea; restricted to Arfak Mountains by Mayr, 1941, Birds New Guinea, p. 151.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/938/mode/1up","Pachycephala hyperythra"],["19017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hyperythra sepikiana","Stresemann, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.5 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Sepik Mountains to mountains south of Mamberamo River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07C83B4B",null,null,"Maeanderberg, Sepik Mountains.","New forms of Munia, Sericornis, Xanthotis, Melipotes, Peltops, Pachycephala, Pinarolestes, Cacomantis, Collocalia, Hemiprocne described.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/48/mode/1up","Pachycephala hyperythra sepikiana"],["19018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hyperythra reichenowi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Saruwaged Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DBC7D35",null,null,"Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula.","Eine neue Form von Pachycephala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/194/mode/1up","Pachycephala hyperythra reichenowi"],["19019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hyperythra salvadorii","Rothschild, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BB09CC2",null,null,"Moroka District.","[Descriptions of species of birds from New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/460/mode/1up","Pachycephala salvadorii"],["19020","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala phaionota","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.358","Island Whistler","Island Whistler","Island Whistler",null,null,"Moluccas including Kai Islands, Aru Islands, and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705449","islwhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islwhi2","avibase-8F42FC31",null,null,"Banda Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/558/mode/1up","Myiolestes phaionotus"],["19021","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala melanorhyncha","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.494","Biak Whistler","Biak Whistler",null,"2025-1061","Taxon <em>melanorhyncha </em>is placed in <em>Pachycephala </em>rather than <em>Colluricincla </em>based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Marki et al. (2018). Although recovered as sister to <em>P. phaionota</em>,<em> </em>this is based on alignment of a short mitochondrial DNA segment; further research will be needed to corroborate this placement.","Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"biawhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biawhi1","avibase-A0C15697",null,null,"Mysore Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/542/mode/1up","Myiolestes melanorhynchus"],["19022","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala tenebrosa","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.6","Morningbird","Morningbird","Morningbird",null,null,"Palau (Babelthuap to Peleliu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705565","mornin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mornin1","avibase-21B46047",null,null,"Pelew Island.","On a Collection of Birds from the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/34/mode/1up","Rectes tenebrosus"],["19023","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala sulfuriventer","(Walden, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.53 p.399","Sulphur-vented Whistler","Sulphur-bellied Whistler","Sulphur-bellied Whistler",null,null,"montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705466","subwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subwhi1","avibase-19C021C4",null,null,"Minahassa, north Celebes.","XLII. On some supposed new Species of Birds from Celebes and the Togian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/413/mode/1up","Hyloterpe sulfuriventer"],["19024","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis","(Walden, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.58 p.252","Yellow-bellied Whistler","Yellow-bellied Whistler","Yellow-bellied Whistler",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group, Mindoro, West Visayas, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705470","yebwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebwhi1","avibase-5E75CBEF",null,null,"Luzon.","XXXVIII. On two new Species of Birds from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/266/mode/1up","Hyloterpe philippinensis"],["19025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis fallax","(McGregor, 1904)","Bulletin of the Philippine Museum 4 p.27, pl. V, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Calayan (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3465CB48",null,null,"Calayan Island, Babuyanes Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119833#page/87/mode/1up","Hyloterpe fallax"],["19026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis illex","(McGregor, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Camiguin Norte (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C253B186",null,null,"Camiguin North.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/464/mode/1up","Hyloterpe illex"],["19027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis philippinensis","(Walden, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.58 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C30A43B",null,null,"Luzon.","XXXVIII. On two new Species of Birds from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/266/mode/1up","Hyloterpe philippinensis"],["19028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis siquijorensis","Rand & Rabor, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Siquijor (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B688753",null,null,"Siquijor Island.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/9/mode/1up","Pachycephala philippinensis siquijorensis"],["19029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis apoensis","(Mearns, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Dinagat, Samar, Leyte, Biliran, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4071040",null,null,"Mount Apo, 6,000 ft., Mindanao.","Descriptions of eight new Philippine birds, with notes on other species new to the islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/104/mode/1up","Hyloterpe apoensis"],["19030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis basilanica","(Mearns, 1909)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F58868D0",null,null,"Basilan.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/550/mode/1up","Hyloterpe apoensis basilanica"],["19031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala philippinensis boholensis","Parkes, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.9 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Bohol (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-650799C9",null,null,"Cantaub, Sierra Bullones, Bohol, Philippine Islands.","A new subspecies of the Yellow-bellied Whistler Pachycephala philippinensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/224/mode/1up","Pachycephala philippinensis boholensis"],["19032","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala homeyeri","(Blasius, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.143","White-vented Whistler","White-vented Whistler","White-vented Whistler",null,null,"West Visayas and Sulu Archipelago (west-central and southern Philippines), and east Bornean islets",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705446","whvwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whvwhi1","avibase-FB40EA21",null,null,"Jolo, Sulu.","Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse von Dr. Platen's ornithologischen Forschungen auf den Sulu-Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/155/mode/1up","Hyloterpe Homeyeri"],["19033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala homeyeri homeyeri","(Blasius, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines) and Pulau Siamil (Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-975AC6E4",null,null,"Jolo, Sulu.","Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse von Dr. Platen's ornithologischen Forschungen auf den Sulu-Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/155/mode/1up","Hyloterpe Homeyeri"],["19034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala homeyeri major","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Cebu (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CF14084",null,null,"Cebu, Tablas, Sibuyan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/26/mode/1up","Hyloterpe major"],["19035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala homeyeri winchelli","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Tablas, Sibuyan, Masbate, Ticao, Panay, Pan de Azucar, Gigantes, and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58F31096",null,null,"Panay, Masbate, Negros.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/25/mode/1up","Hyloterpe winchelli"],["19036","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala albiventris","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49","Green-backed Whistler","Green-backed Whistler","Green-backed Whistler",null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705443","grbwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbwhi1","avibase-AB5815F4",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Hyloterpe albiventris"],["19037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala albiventris albiventris","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F507B4BC",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Hyloterpe albiventris"],["19038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala albiventris crissalis","(Zimmer, 1918)","The Philippine Journal of Science 13 sect.D no.5 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CC4A77E",null,null,"Mount Banahao, Laguna Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111443#page/274/mode/1up","Hyloterpe crissalis"],["19039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala albiventris mindorensis","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindoro (northwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2B590C9",null,null,"Mindoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/26/mode/1up","Hyloterpe mindorensis"],["19040","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hypoxantha","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.451","Bornean Whistler","Bornean Whistler","Bornean Whistler",null,null,"Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705463","borwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borwhi1","avibase-D99B20DF",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/509/mode/1up","Hyloterpe hypoxantha"],["19041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hypoxantha hypoxantha","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo (Kinabalu to northern Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A17F9784",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/509/mode/1up","Hyloterpe hypoxantha"],["19042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala hypoxantha sarawacensis","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 10 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Poi Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02FCA8CA",null,null,"Mt. Poi, 5200 ft., West Sarawak.","Four new races of Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328663/em-four-new-races-of-malaysian-em-birds","Pachycephala hypoxantha sarawacensis"],["19043","species","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala cinerea","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.122","Mangrove Whistler","Mangrove Whistler","Mangrove Whistler",null,null,"northeastern Indian coasts and Andaman Islands to Vietnam, Sumatra and satellites, Borneo, Maratua (east of northeastern Borneo), islands in Java Sea, Java, Bali, Lombok (western Lesser Sundas), and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705440","manwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manwhi1","avibase-FDD9B522",null,null,"Island of Ramree, Arracan [= Arakan]","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/154/mode/1up","M[uscitrea] cinerea"],["19044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala cinerea cinerea","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Indian coasts and Andaman Islands to Vietnam, Sumatra and satellites, Borneo, Maratua (east of northeastern Borneo), islands in Java Sea, Java, Bali, and Lombok (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D202A68",null,null,"Island of Ramree, Arracan [= Arakan]","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/154/mode/1up","M[uscitrea] cinerea"],["19045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pachycephalidae","Whistlers and allies","Pachycephala cinerea plateni","(Blasius, 1888)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.37 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C132D79E",null,null,"Palawan.",null,null,"Hyloterpe plateni"],["19046","family","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipiduridae",null,null,"Fantails and Silktails","Fantails","Fantails",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rhipid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhipid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19047","genus","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Chaetorhynchus","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chaetorhynchus papuensis [Meyer, AB, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Chaetorhynchus"],["19048","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Chaetorhynchus papuensis","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.493","Drongo Fantail","Drongo Fantail","Drongo Fantail",null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea including Yule Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706924","papdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papdro1","avibase-F2BE556C",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/541/mode/1up","Chaetorhynchus papuensis"],["19049","genus","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Eutrichomyias","Meise, 1939","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 47 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Zeocephus rowleyi [Meyer, AB, 1878]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447452&seq=148","Eutrichomyias"],["19050","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Eutrichomyias rowleyi","(Meyer, 1878)","Ornithological Miscellany 3 p.163","Cerulean Flycatcher","Cerulean Flycatcher","Cerulean Flycatcher",null,null,"Sangihe Islands (northeast of Sulawesi)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707085","cepfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cepfly1","avibase-4B00D50E",null,null,"Tabukan, Great Sangi ( = Sangihe), north of Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108980#page/225/mode/1up","Zeocephus rowleyi"],["19051","genus","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Lamprolia","Finsch, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.733",null,null,null,"2025-1179","Lamproliidae is merged into Rhipiduridae as a distinct subfamily based on genetic evidence. Previously placed in different families, <em>Chaetorhynchus </em>aligned with Dicruridae, <em>Eutrichomyias</em> with Monarchidae, and <em>Lamprolia </em>with Maluridae, Monarchidae, or Paradisaeidae (Schodde &amp; Christidis 2014), however, nuclear and genomic DNA data (Irestedt et al. 2008; Jønsson et al. 2018; Oliveros et al. 2019) united them in a clade sister to Rhipiduridae. Treating them as a subfamily clarifies their relationships within the Corvoidea and marks their distinction from the rest of the Rhipiduridae.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lamprolia victoriae [Finsch, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/885/mode/1up","Lamprolia"],["19052","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Lamprolia victoriae","Finsch, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.735 pl.62","Taveuni Silktail","Taveuni Silktail","Taveuni Silktail",null,null,"Fiji (mountains of Taveuni)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103707785","silkta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silkta2","avibase-41898F4D",null,null,"Taveuni, Fiji.","On Lamprolia victoriae, a most remarkable new Passerine Bird from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/887/mode/1up","Lamprolia victoriae"],["19053","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Lamprolia klinesmithi","Ramsay, 1876","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.68-69","Natewa Silktail","Natewa Silktail","Natewa Silktail",null,null,"Fiji (mountains of Natewa Peninsula, southeastern Vanua Levu)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103707799","silkta3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silkta3","avibase-20AD6203",null,null,"Vanua Levu, Fiji","Description of a new species of the genus Lamprolia, Finsch ; from Fiji'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/108/mode/1up","Lamprolia klinesmithi"],["19054","genus","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa flabellifera [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 32). = Muscicapa fuliginosa Sparrman, 1787  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/255/mode/1up","Rhipidura"],["19055","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura diluta","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.491","Brown-capped Fantail","Brown-capped Fantail","Brown-capped Fantail",null,null,"western and central Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706809","brcfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcfan1","avibase-B81C0B31",null,null,"Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/591/mode/1up","Rhipidura diluta"],["19056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura diluta sumbawensis","Büttikofer, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum XV, Note IV p.70, p. 85-86",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumbawa (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-636F4811",null,null,"Sumbawa.","A review of the Genus Rhipidura, with an enumeration of the specimens in the Leyden Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/97/mode/1up","Rhipidura sumbawensis"],["19057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura diluta diluta","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Flores and Lomblen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9081FB60",null,null,"Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/591/mode/1up","Rhipidura diluta"],["19058","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura leucothorax","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.311","White-bellied Thicket Fantail","White-bellied Thicket-Fantail","White-bellied Thicket-fantail",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706831","wbtfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbtfan1","avibase-9A6974DC",null,null,"Hatam, New Guinea; error: ?Andai, Geelvink Bay, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/329/mode/1up","Rhipidura leucothorax"],["19059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura leucothorax leucothorax","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, eastward in the north to Astrolabe Bay, and eastward in the south to the western portion of the southeastern peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04A4CA71",null,null,"Hatam, New Guinea; error: ?Andai, Geelvink Bay, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/329/mode/1up","Rhipidura leucothorax"],["19060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura leucothorax episcopalis","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.4 p.371-372",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Kapa Kapa to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AAA4400",null,null,"no locality; south coast of southeastern New Guinea designated by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 128.","Description of a new species of Rhipidura, from Torres Straits ? and of a new species of Eopsaltria, from the Rockingham Bay district, with remarks on some rare Quennsland Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/387/mode/1up","Rhipidura episcopalis"],["19061","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura maculipectus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.176","Black Thicket Fantail","Black Thicket-Fantail","Black Thicket-fantail",null,null,"lowlands of New Guinea, including Batanta and Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706826","bltfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltfan1","avibase-4EB50482",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/242/mode/1up","Rhipidura maculipectus"],["19062","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura threnothorax","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.185,note","Sooty Thicket Fantail","Sooty Thicket-Fantail","Sooty Thicket-fantail",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706821","sotfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sotfan1","avibase-EF534053",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/201/mode/1up","Rhipidura threnothorax"],["19063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura threnothorax threnothorax","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.185,note",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Waigeo, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D37B45B1",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/201/mode/1up","Rhipidura threnothorax"],["19064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura threnothorax fumosa","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4, 1873 (1871) p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B906E5B",null,null,"Jobie (= Japen) Island, Geelvink Bay, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/54/mode/1up","Rhipidura fumosa"],["19065","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura phoenicura","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.185,note","Rufous-tailed Fantail","Rufous-tailed Fantail","Rufous-tailed Fantail",null,null,"montane forest of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706784","rutfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfan1","avibase-30607910",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/201/mode/1up","Rhipidura phoenicura"],["19066","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura leucophrys","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlv","Willie Wagtail","Willie-wagtail","Willie Wagtail",null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea area, Australia (except Tasmania), Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706805","wilwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilwag1","avibase-F65B55BD",null,null,"Port Jackson, New Holland = Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 496.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/51/mode/1up","Turdus leucophrys"],["19067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea, northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands), Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8E0629D",null,null,"New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/238/mode/1up","Muscipeta melaleuca"],["19068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura leucophrys picata","Gould, 1848","An introduction to the birds of Australia p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula and Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-006C4569",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237183#page/56/mode/1up","Rhipidura picata"],["19069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura leucophrys leucophrys","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlv",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia except tropics and Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9DF79C7",null,null,"Port Jackson, New Holland = Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 496.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/51/mode/1up","Turdus leucophrys"],["19070","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura nigritorquis","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.97","Philippine Pied Fantail","Philippine Pied-Fantail","Philippine Pied Fantail",null,null,"Philippines (including Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103709532","phipif1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phipif1","avibase-7EAC662D",null,null,"Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/111/mode/1up","Rhipidura nigritorquis"],["19071","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura javanica","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.lxxv pl.","Sunda Pied Fantail","Sunda Pied-Fantail","Sunda Pied Fantail",null,null,"humid woodland and scrub, mangroves, bamboo thickets, and swamp forest from southern Myanmar (Ayeyarwady delta region) eastward through western Laos, southward to Cambodia and southern Vietnam, and coastal Malayan Peninsula and satellite islands to Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, and Lombok",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103709500","piefan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piefan1","avibase-75B49C25",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/111/mode/1up","Muscicapa javanica"],["19072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura javanica longicauda","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Asia to Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B773FE0",null,null,"Sumatra.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/560/mode/1up","Rhipidura longicauda"],["19073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura javanica javanica","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.lxxv pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, and Lombok",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6200DFEF",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/111/mode/1up","Muscicapa javanica"],["19074","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura aureola","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.390","White-browed Fantail","White-browed Fantail","White-browed Fantail",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry open woodland, secondary scrub, wooded savanna, and gardens, from eastern Pakistan, Peninsular India, and Sri Lanka, eastward to Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706796","whbfan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbfan2","avibase-DB7261E9",null,null,"'la Nouvelle Hollande' = Bengal, fide Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2, p. 277. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/428/mode/1up","Rhipidura aureola"],["19075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura aureola aureola","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA4B81F7",null,null,"'la Nouvelle Hollande' = Bengal, fide Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2, p. 277. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/428/mode/1up","Rhipidura aureola"],["19076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura aureola compressirostris","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.815",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7EA632C",null,null,"Ceylon.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/179/mode/1up","Leucocerca compressirostris"],["19077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura aureola burmanica","(Hume, 1880)","Stray Feathers 9, no.1-3 p.175 (footnote 5)",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam to western Yunnan, Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76E9A85",null,null,"Thoungyeen valley, Tenasserim.","Additional Notes on the Birds of Tenasserim and specially on those of the Thoungyeen Valley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94421#page/197/mode/1up","[Leucocerca] burmanica"],["19078","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albogularis","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.264","White-spotted Fantail","Spot-breasted Fantail","White-spotted Fantail",null,null,"woodland habitats from southern Rajastan, in northwestern India, eastward through eastern Madhya Pradesh and the northern Eastern Ghats, and southward in Peninsular India to central Kerala and west-central Tamil Nadu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103709613","spbfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbfan1","avibase-E12FE273",null,null,"'le continent de l'Inde, les environs de Pondichery' = Pondicherry, Madras.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA264","Muscicapa (Muscylva) albogularis"],["19079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albogularis albogularis","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India from Mount Abu and the Vindhyas southward to Nilgiris",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80186555",null,null,"'le continent de l'Inde, les environs de Pondichery' = Pondicherry, Madras.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA264","Muscicapa (Muscylva) albogularis"],["19080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albogularis vernayi","(Whistler, 1931)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eastern Ghats",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA59DC3C",null,null,"Jeypore Agency, upper Eastern Ghats; altitude 3,000 feet.","Description of a new race of Fantail-Flycatcher obtained by the Vernay Eastern Ghats Survey.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/74/mode/1up","Leucocirca pectoralis vernayi"],["19081","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.13","White-throated Fantail","White-throated Fantail","White-throated Fantail",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded habitats, cultivation, and gardens, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Eastern Ghats (eastern Peninsular India), and through Indochina to Sumatra and Borneo; higher Himalayan populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103709726","whtfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtfan1","avibase-F2074D00",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/21/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos albicollis"],["19082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis canescens","(Koelz, 1939)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Pakistan and Kashmir to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F398D9CA",null,null,"Bhadwar, Punjab.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/90/mode/1up","Leucocirca albicollis canescens"],["19083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis albicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (western Nepal and Sikkim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-878CAB25",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/21/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos albicollis"],["19084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis stanleyi","Stuart Baker, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to Assam and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD47C3FF",null,null,"Rotung, Kobo, and Upper Rotung [= Rottung and Kobo Chapori, in Abor Hills, Arunachal]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/287/mode/1up","Rhipidura albicollis stanleyi"],["19085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis orissae","Ripley, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India: Chota Nagpur plateau and north Eastern Ghats",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25643A77",null,null,"Toda, Bonai, Orissa.","Variation in the White-throated Fantail Flycatcher, Rhipidura albicollis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/56/mode/1up","Rhipidura albicollis orissae"],["19086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis celsa","Riley, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.16 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to southern China (including Hainan), western Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C63DF2C",null,null,"Khun Tan Mountains, northern Siam; altitude 4,000 feet.","Descriptions of three new Birds from the mountains of Northern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/192/mode/1up","Rhipidura albicollis celsa"],["19087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis cinerascens","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C36FE79E",null,null,"Djiring (= Di Linh), southern Annam.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/196/mode/1up","Rhipidura albicollis cinerascens"],["19088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis atrata","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand to Malaya and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B09366D",null,null,"Mt. Singalan (= Singgalang), Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/209/mode/1up","Rhipidura atrata"],["19089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis sarawacensis","Chasen, 1941","Treubia 18, Suppl. p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Poi Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DD9214E",null,null,"Mt. Poi, western Sarawak; altitude 5,000 feet.","The Birds of the Netherlands Indian Mt. Leuser expedition, 1937, to North Sumatra.",null,"Rhipidura albicollis sarawacensis"],["19090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albicollis kinabalu","Chasen, 1941","Treubia 18, Suppl. p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo (Kinabalu to Murud and Mulu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F179F458",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, British North Borneo; altitude 6,500 feet.","The Birds of the Netherlands Indian Mt. Leuser expedition, 1937, to North Sumatra.",null,"Rhipidura albicollis kinabalu"],["19091","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura euryura","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.185,note","White-bellied Fantail","White-bellied Fantail","White-bellied Fantail",null,null,"montane forest of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706793","whbfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbfan1","avibase-E191588D",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/201/mode/1up","Rhipidura euryura"],["19092","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura atra","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.922","Black Fantail","Black Fantail","Black Fantail",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706836","blafan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blafan1","avibase-4A8F6276",null,null,"Hatam and Mori (= Mt. Moari), Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/928/mode/1up","Rhipidura atra"],["19093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura atra atra","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.922",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Guinea including Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AD0EB3E",null,null,"Hatam and Mori (= Mt. Moari), Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/928/mode/1up","Rhipidura atra"],["19094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura atra vulpes","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.684",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42DE8E1E",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Rhipidura atra vulpes"],["19095","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura perlata","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.185,note","Spotted Fantail","Spotted Fantail","Spotted Fantail",null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706802","spofan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spofan1","avibase-B5A920A2",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/201/mode/1up","Rhipidura perlata"],["19096","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura fuscorufa","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.197 pl.27","Tremolo Fantail","Tremolo Fantail",null,"2026-099","Cheerful Fantail <em>Rhipidura laguceria</em> is treated as a species new to science, separate from <em>R. fuscorufa</em> based on vocal differences and lack of playback response, supported by subtle plumage differences (Eaton &amp; Berryman 2026).","Tanimbar Islands (Larat, Yamdena, Lutu, Mutu, and Selaru)",null,null,null,"citfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/citfan1","avibase-12E03FBB",null,null,"Larat, Molu, and Lutu, Tenimber","Additional Notes on Birds collected in the Timor-Laut, or Tenimber, group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/281/mode/1up","Rhipidura fusco-rufa"],["19097","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura laguceria","Eaton & Berryman, 2026","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 146, no.2 p.203-215","Cheerful Fantail","Cheerful Fantail",null,"2026-099","Cheerful Fantail <em>Rhipidura laguceria</em> is treated as a species new to science, separate from <em>R. fuscorufa</em> based on vocal differences and lack of playback response, supported by subtle plumage differences (Eaton &amp; Berryman 2026).","Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"chefan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chefan1","avibase-6D434971",null,null,"Tepa, Babber [Babar] (07°52’06.3”S, 129°35’43.7”E), Indonesia; male collected by C. Schadler on 10 April 1898 (Fig. 2)","A new and cryptic fantail species from the Babar Islands, Maluku Province, Indonesia.","https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v146i2.2026.a6","Rhipidura laguceria"],["19098","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.21","Northern Fantail","Northern Fantail",null,"2025-0858, 2025-0859","2025-0858)) Often treated as a monotypic species and arguably the most distinctive taxon within the <em>Rhipidura rufiventris</em> complex, taxon <em>kordensis </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Rhipidura rufiventris</em> pending further research. A comprehensive genomic, morphological and/or bioacoustic analysis of the entire <em>R. rufiventris</em> complex is needed before making any splits. 2025-0859)) Comprehensive genomic, bioacoustic and morphological analyses are urgently required to investigate a potential division of the Northern Fantail <em>Rhipidura rufiventris </em>complex into multiple species. Pronounced plumage and vocal differences among the more westerly (Wallacean) taxa in this complex have led to calls to separate the complex into 7 or 8 species, but more data on easterly (Melanesian) taxa is needed to properly delineate the entire complex.","lowland to foothill woodland, forest edge, scrub, plantations, and mangroves, from Moluccas and Lesser Sundas eastward to New Guinea and satellite islands and Bismarck Archipelago, and southward to northern Australia",null,null,null,"norfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norfan1","avibase-E16560EF",null,null,"New Holland; error: Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/29/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos rufiventris"],["19099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris tenkatei","Büttikofer, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum XIV, Note XXXII p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Rote (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C3B3EEA",null,null,"Rotti (= Roti) Island.","On a collection of birds from the islands of Flores, Sumba and Rotti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37348#page/215/mode/1up","Rhipidura tenkatei"],["19100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris rufiventris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Semau, Timor, and Jaco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61810C8F",null,null,"New Holland; error: Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/29/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos rufiventris"],["19101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris pallidiceps","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.205-206",null,null,null,null,null,"Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65B9F81F",null,null,"Wetter (= Wetar) Island.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/219/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufiventris pallidiceps"],["19102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris hoedti","Büttikofer, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum XV, Note IV p.71, p. 93-94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Sermata, Moa, Leti, Romang, and Damar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C5F3049",null,null,"Letti (= Leti) Island.","A review of the Genus Rhipidura, with an enumeration of the specimens in the Leyden Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/105/mode/1up","Rhipidura hoedti"],["19103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris assimilis","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Tayandu and Kai islands, southern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5F058BF",null,null,"Kei (= Kai) Island.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/242/mode/1up","Rhipidura assimilis"],["19104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris finitima","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Watubela Islands, southern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-733B2BC2",null,null,"Teoor (= Tioor) and Kisoei (= Kasiui) Islands, Watubela Group.","Notes on various species of Rhipidura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/85/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufiventris finitima"],["19105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris bouruensis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.29-30",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46D6706A",null,null,"Buru.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/63/mode/1up","Rhipidura bouruensis"],["19106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris cinerea","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, and Boano)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49BAF6B7",null,null,"Ceram.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/561/mode/1up","Rhipidura cinerea"],["19107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris obiensis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.987",null,null,null,null,null,"Obi Island (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBBFEE60",null,null,"Obi Major Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/993/mode/1up","Rhipidura obiensis"],["19108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris vidua","Salvadori & Turati, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"Kofiau (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34E8BF99",null,null,"Kavijaaw (= Kofiau)., Kei Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/331/mode/1up","Rhipidura vidua"],["19109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris gularis","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.185, note",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea) and northern Torres Strait Islands (Boigu Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47C2FF58",null,null,"Lobo Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/201/mode/1up","Rhipidura gularis"],["19110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris nigromentalis","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.526",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-032126B3",null,null,"Sudest (= Tagula) Island.","On the birds collected on Sudest Island in the Louisiade Archipelago by Albert S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/550/mode/1up","Rhipidura setosa nigromentalis"],["19111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris finschii","Salvadori, 1882","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 3 p.532",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and Duke of York (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5F2D225",null,null,"New Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219687#page/552/mode/1up","Rhipidura finschii"],["19112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris setosa","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, Dyaul, and New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00B62F52",null,null,"Carteret Harbor (= Lamassa Bay), New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/239/mode/1up","Muscipeta setosa"],["19113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris gigantea","Stresemann, 1933","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 41 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago (Lihir and Tabar Groups)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2623987",null,null,"Komat, Lihir.","Neue Vogelrassen von Lihir (Bismarck-Archipel).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_41_0114-0116.pdf#page=2","Rhipidura rufiventris gigantea"],["19114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris tangensis","Mayr, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago (Boang and Tanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B0E48F9",null,null,"Boang, Tanga Islands.","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Rhipidura rufiventris tangensis"],["19115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris niveiventris","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFD6DDB9",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from the Admiralty Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/147/mode/1up","Rhipidura setosa niveiventris"],["19116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris mussai","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77DECA57",null,null,"St. Matthias Island or Mussau.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/80/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufiventris mussai"],["19117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris isura","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia to Cape York Peninsula and Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEA624D4",null,null,"'North-west coast of Australia' = Port Essington, Northern Territory, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 186.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/900/mode/1up","Rhipidura isura"],["19118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufiventris kordensis","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A62D7BB5",null,null,"Kordo, Mysore (= Biak) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/219/mode/1up","Rhipidura kordensis"],["19119","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura coultasi","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.5","White-gorgeted Fantail","White-gorgeted Fantail","White-gorgeted Fantail","2025-0852","Taxon <em>coultasi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Rhipidura cockerelli</em> based on differences in plumage, supported by limited vocal material. Mitochondrial DNA data (Smith &amp; Filardi 2007) suggest that <em>albina </em>may also warrant species status, although <em>coultasi </em>was not included in the analysis. A comprehensive morphological, vocal, and genetic review of this complex is needed.","Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103709405","cocfan4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocfan4","avibase-0F995883",null,null,"Malaita Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura cockerelli coultasi"],["19120","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cockerelli","(Ramsay, 1879)","Nature 20 p.125","White-winged Fantail","White-winged Fantail","White-winged Fantail","2025-0852","Taxon <em>coultasi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Rhipidura cockerelli</em> based on differences in plumage, supported by limited vocal material. Mitochondrial DNA data (Smith &amp; Filardi 2007) suggest that <em>albina </em>may also warrant species status, although <em>coultasi </em>was not included in the analysis. A comprehensive morphological, vocal, and genetic review of this complex is needed.","northern and central Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103709333","whwfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwfan1","avibase-F1A01F97",null,null,"Lango, Guadalcanal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Sauloprocta cockerelli"],["19121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cockerelli septentrionalis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka, Bougainville, and Shortland (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-571282AD",null,null,"Bougainville.","Exhibition of some Flycatchers from the Solomon Islands, and description of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/279/mode/1up","Rhipidura cockerelli septentrionalis"],["19122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cockerelli interposita","Rothschild & Hartert, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Choiseul and Santa Isabel (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66123754",null,null,"Isabel (= Ysabel) Island.","Exhibition of some Flycatchers from the Solomon Islands, and description of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/279/mode/1up","Rhipidura cockerelli interposita"],["19123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cockerelli lavellae","Rothschild & Hartert, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella and Ranongga (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AFA9ADE",null,null,"Vella Lavella Island.","Exhibition of some Flycatchers from the Solomon Islands, and description of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/280/mode/1up","Rhipidura cockerelli lavellae"],["19124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cockerelli albina","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara and Rendova (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B927112",null,null,"Kulambangra (= Kolombangara) Island.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/213/mode/1up","Rhipidura albina"],["19125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cockerelli floridana","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Florida and Tulagi (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FDC0A2F",null,null,"Tulagi Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura cockerelli floridana"],["19126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cockerelli cockerelli","(Ramsay, 1879)","Nature 20 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D76E7B5",null,null,"Lango, Guadalcanal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Sauloprocta cockerelli"],["19127","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.12","Black-and-cinnamon Fantail","Black-and-cinnamon Fantail","Black-and-cinnamon Fantail",null,null,"montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706787","bacfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacfan1","avibase-538988A8",null,null,"Apo Volcano, Mindanao; altitude 8,000 feet.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/492/mode/1up","Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea"],["19128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea hutchinsoni","Mearns, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 (5), section A p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDCEB402",null,null,"Mt. Bliss, Malindang group, northwestern Mindanao; altitude 5,750 feet.","Descriptions of a new genus and nine new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/483/mode/1up","Rhipidura hutchinsoni"],["19129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea nigrocinnamomea","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6E66DF2",null,null,"Apo Volcano, Mindanao; altitude 8,000 feet.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/492/mode/1up","Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea"],["19130","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura samarensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.16","Visayan Blue Fantail","Visayan Blue-Fantail","Visayan Blue Fantail",null,null,"Bohol, Leyte, and Samar (east-central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103708706","visblf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/visblf1","avibase-B9F9C6EE",null,null,"Samar, Leyte; type from Catbalogan, Samar, fide Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Islands, 2, p. 316.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/20/mode/1up","Setaria Samarensis"],["19131","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura superciliaris","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.326","Mindanao Blue Fantail","Mindanao Blue-Fantail","Mindanao Blue Fantail",null,null,"Mindanao and Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103708673","blufan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blufan1","avibase-9D0040D1",null,null,"Isabela de Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/448/mode/1up","Hypothymis superciliaris"],["19132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura superciliaris apo","Hachisuka, 1930","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A953828",null,null,"Mt. Apo, Mindanao.",null,null,"Rhipidura superciliaris apo"],["19133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura superciliaris superciliaris","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan and Zamboanga Peninsula of western Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DEA0F6B",null,null,"Isabela de Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/448/mode/1up","Hypothymis superciliaris"],["19134","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cyaniceps","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.12 p.438","Blue-headed Fantail","Blue-headed Fantail","Blue-headed Fantail",null,null,"Luzon group (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103707823","blhfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhfan1","avibase-3A07746B",null,null,"Philippine Islands; restricted to Mt. Makiling (Maquiling), Laguna Province, Luzon, by Parkes, 1958, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1891, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/461/mode/1up","Muscipeta cyaniceps"],["19135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cyaniceps pinicola","Parkes, 1958","American Museum Novitates no.1891 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1CAB463",null,null,"Mt. Benguet, northern Luzon; altitude 6,000 feet.","A new race of the Blue-headed Fantail (Rhipidura cyaniceps) from Northern Luzon, Philippine Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5363/","Rhipidura cyaniceps pinicola"],["19136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura cyaniceps cyaniceps","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.12 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Luzon and Catanduanes (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6086C1BD",null,null,"Philippine Islands; restricted to Mt. Makiling (Maquiling), Laguna Province, Luzon, by Parkes, 1958, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1891, p. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/461/mode/1up","Muscipeta cyaniceps"],["19137","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiventris","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.325","Visayan Fantail","Visayan Fantail","Visayan Fantail",null,null,"Guimaras, Masbate, Negros, Panay, and Ticao (central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103707879","visfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/visfan1","avibase-F893CBF6",null,null,"Guimaras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/447/mode/1up","Philentoma albiventris"],["19138","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura sauli","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.26","Tablas Fantail","Tablas Fantail","Tablas Fantail",null,null,"Tablas (west-central Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103707852","tabfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabfan1","avibase-D934677B",null,null,"Tablas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/30/mode/1up","Rhipidura sauli"],["19139","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albolimbata","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.312","Friendly Fantail","Friendly Fantail","Friendly Fantail",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706842","frifan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frifan1","avibase-56F40883",null,null,"Hatam, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/330/mode/1up","Rhipidura albo-limbata"],["19140","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura hyperythra","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.176","Chestnut-bellied Fantail","Chestnut-bellied Fantail","Chestnut-bellied Fantail",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706839","chbfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbfan1","avibase-907B59B7",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/242/mode/1up","Rhipidura hyperythra"],["19141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura hyperythra hyperythra","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central New Guinea, including Yapen and Aru islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12129ED3",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/242/mode/1up","Rhipidura hyperythra"],["19142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura hyperythra castaneothorax","Ramsay, 1879","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.3 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Saruwaged Mountains to Angabunga River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C124701",null,null,"Goldie River, southeastern New Guinea.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/322/mode/1up","Rhipidura castaneothorax"],["19143","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura personata","Ramsay, 1875","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.43","Kadavu Fantail","Kadavu Fantail","Kadavu Fantail",null,null,"Kadavu (southwestern Fiji)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706875","kanfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kanfan1","avibase-1AA2783D",null,null,"'Fiji Islands' = Kandavu, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 487.","Description of a new species of Flycatcher (Rhypidura).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/83/mode/1up","Rhipidura personata"],["19144","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura drownei","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.11","Bougainville Fantail","Bougainville Fantail","Bougainville Fantail","2025-0853","Taxon <em>ocularis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Rhipidura drownei</em> based on plumage and vocalizations.","montane forest of Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103710131","brnfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnfan1","avibase-042AEBF1",null,null,"Bougainville.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 16, Notes on fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura drownei drownei"],["19145","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura ocularis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.12","Guadalcanal Fantail","Guadalcanal Fantail","Guadalcanal Fantail","2025-0853","Taxon <em>ocularis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Rhipidura drownei</em> based on plumage and vocalizations.","montane forest of Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103710179","brnfan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnfan2","avibase-F3460FF2",null,null,"Guadalcanal.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura drownei ocularis"],["19146","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura layardi","Salvadori, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.2 p.143,text","Fiji Streaked Fantail","Fiji Streaked Fantail",null,"2025-0854","The <em>Rhipidura verreauxi</em> complex is divided into three species based on plumage and limited vocal data: monotypic R. <em>verreauxi; </em>polytypic R. <em>layardi; </em>and monotypic R. <em>spilodera</em>. These correspond to the three major island groups within its range but genomic data, and denser bioacoustic sampling, may reveal additional taxonomic diversity among subspecies of <em>R. layardi</em>.","northern and western Fiji (Taveuni, Viti Levu, Ovalau, Vanua Levu, and neighboring islands)",null,null,null,"fisfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fisfan1","avibase-B4E4EA8D",null,null,"N'Gula, Taviuna, Fiji group","Notes on two Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/181/mode/1up","Rhipidura layardi"],["19147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura layardi rufilateralis","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.337-338, pl. X, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Taveuni (eastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2618FA8A",null,null,"Taveuni, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/355/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufilateralis"],["19148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura layardi layardi","Salvadori, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.2 p.143,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Ovalau and Viti Levu Islands (western Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0C9E7CC",null,null,"N'Gula, Taviuna, Fiji group","Notes on two Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/181/mode/1up","Rhipidura layardi"],["19149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura layardi erythronota","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.337, pl. X, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Levu and nearby Yanganga (eastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB410E8E",null,null,"Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/355/mode/1up","Rhipidura erythronota"],["19150","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura verreauxi","Marié, 1870","Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 27 p.326","New Caledonian Streaked Fantail","New Caledonian Streaked Fantail","New Caledonia Streaked Fantail","2025-0854","The <em>Rhipidura verreauxi</em> complex is divided into three species based on plumage and limited vocal data: monotypic R. <em>verreauxi; </em>polytypic R. <em>layardi; </em>and monotypic R. <em>spilodera</em>. These correspond to the three major island groups within its range but genomic data, and denser bioacoustic sampling, may reveal additional taxonomic diversity among subspecies of <em>R. layardi</em>.","New Caledonia, including Lifou, and Maré islands (Loyalty Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103710723","strfan5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strfan5","avibase-61824029",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110538#page/376/mode/1up","Rhipidura verreauxi"],["19151","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura spilodera","Gray, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.29 p.330","Vanuatu Streaked Fantail","Vanuatu Streaked Fantail","Vanuatu Streaked Fantail","2025-0854","The <em>Rhipidura verreauxi</em> complex is divided into three species based on plumage and limited vocal data: monotypic R. <em>verreauxi; </em>polytypic R. <em>layardi; </em>and monotypic R. <em>spilodera</em>. These correspond to the three major island groups within its range but genomic data, and denser bioacoustic sampling, may reveal additional taxonomic diversity among subspecies of <em>R. layardi</em>.","Vanuatu and Banks Group",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103710780","strfan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strfan2","avibase-82A3600C",null,null,"Vanua Levu (= Vanua Lava), Banks Islands.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/344/mode/1up","Rhipidura spilodera"],["19152","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura nebulosa","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.99","Samoan Fantail","Samoan Fantail","Samoan Fantail",null,null,"Savaii and Upolu (Samoa, central Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706878","samfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samfan1","avibase-BEA526F9",null,null,"Upolu, Samoa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/119/mode/1up","Rhipidura nebulosa"],["19153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura nebulosa nebulosa","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Upolu (Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94277FE7",null,null,"Upolu, Samoa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/119/mode/1up","Rhipidura nebulosa"],["19154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura nebulosa altera","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Savai'i (Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D834132",null,null,"Savaii, Samoa.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura nebulosa altera"],["19155","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura tenebrosa","Ramsay, 1882","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.4 p.835","Makira Fantail","Dusky Fantail","Dusky Fantail",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706861","dusfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusfan1","avibase-CDE98086",null,null,"San Cristobal.","Description of two new Birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/855/mode/1up","Rhipidura tenebrosa"],["19156","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura dedemi","van Oort, 1911","Notes from the Leyden Museum 34 p.62","Streak-breasted Fantail","Streak-breasted Fantail","Streaky-breasted Fantail",null,null,"Seram Island (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706890","stbfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbfan1","avibase-AC392612",null,null,"Kairatu, western Ceram.","On some new or rare birds from Sumatra, Java, Ceram and the Poeloe Toedjoe group, north of ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47509#page/76/mode/1up","Rhipidura dedemi"],["19157","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura phasiana","De Vis, 1885","The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 1 p.156","Mangrove Fantail","Mangrove Fantail","Mangrove Fantail",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Trans-Fly lowlands) and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706845","manfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manfan1","avibase-26934DF7",null,null,"Kimberley, mouth of Norman River, northwestern Queensland.","Notes on the Fauna of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Description of the new species referred to in the above list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/138530#page/228/mode/1up","Rhipidura phasiana"],["19158","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura fuliginosa","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xlvii pl.","New Zealand Fantail","New Zealand Fantail","New Zealand Fantail",null,null,"North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands (New Zealand), and formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia, where extinct)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735745","nezfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezfan1","avibase-ACD8630F",null,null,"'In Deserto Africano inter rivulum Heuj et Fontem Quamedacka' = South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/99/mode/1up","Muscicapa fuliginosa"],["19159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura fuliginosa fuliginosa","(Sparrman, 1787)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.2 no.xlvii pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"Stewart Island, South Island, and satellite islands; has repeatedly recolonized Snares (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2096AC39",null,null,"'In Deserto Africano inter rivulum Heuj et Fontem Quamedacka' = South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128101#page/99/mode/1up","Muscicapa fuliginosa"],["19160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura fuliginosa placabilis","Bangs, 1921","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 44, art.20 p.583",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Zealand: North Island and adjacent islands (Three Kings, Hen and Chickens, and Mokohinau, Little Barrier, Great Barrier, Mayor, and Kapiti islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACC586EA",null,null,"North Island, New Zealand.","The birds of the American Museum of Natural History's Asiatic Zoological Expedition of 1916-1917","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1868","Rhipidura flabellifera placabilis"],["19161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura fuliginosa penita","Bangs, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Chatham, Pitt, and Southeast islands, Chatham Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C361325C",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","A new fantail from the Chatham Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/61/mode/1up","Rhipidura flabillifera penitus"],["19162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura fuliginosa cervina","Ramsay, 1879","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1920s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-047D8AA4",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","Description of a new species of Rhipidura, from Lord Howe's Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/402/mode/1up","Rhipidura cervina"],["19163","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rennelliana","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.25","Rennell Fantail","Rennell Fantail","Rennell Fantail",null,null,"forest of Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706865","renfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renfan1","avibase-4C9913E4",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Rhipidura rennelliana"],["19164","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa","Gould, 1840","The birds of Australia 2 (pt.1) pl.83, with text","Grey Fantail","Gray Fantail","Grey Fantail",null,null,"Australia, Solomon Archipelago, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735714","gryfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfan1","avibase-A98285EB",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [=Tasmania] and the southern coast of Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187062#page/341/mode/1up","Rhipidura albiscapa"],["19165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa brenchleyi","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu and Banks Islands; Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9686AC73",null,null,"Aneiteum, New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/329/mode/1up","Rhipidura brenchleyi"],["19166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa bulgeri","Layard, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.3 p.361,text",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia including Lifou Island (Loyalty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D4D5B03",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Notes on the Avifauna of New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/403/mode/1up","Rhipidura bulgeri"],["19167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa keasti","Ford, 1981","The Emu 81 pt3 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to Clarke-Connors Range, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C159553",null,null,"Massey Creek, 18 kilometers northwest of Dalrymple Heights, Eungella Range, Queensland.",null,null,"Rhipidura fuliginosa keasti"],["19168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa pelzelni","Gray, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.15 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CAA5CAB",null,null,"Norfolk Island","A List of the Birds of New Zealand and the adjacent Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/262/mode/1up","Rhipidura pelzelni"],["19169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa alisteri","Mathews, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Australia (breeds southeastern Queensland to Eyre Peninsula; winters to central and northeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-144590D1",null,null,"New South Wales = Homebush, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 184.","Exhibition and description of two new subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/115/mode/1up","Rhipidura flabellifera alisteri"],["19170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa albiscapa","Gould, 1840","The birds of Australia 2 (pt.1) pl.83, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait); winters to north",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA9A4141",null,null,"Van Diemen's Land [=Tasmania] and the southern coast of Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187062#page/341/mode/1up","Rhipidura albiscapa"],["19171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa preissi","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (breeds Kalbarri to Esperance; winters north to Pilbara region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-314B3806",null,null,"Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/73/mode/1up","Rhipidura Preissi"],["19172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura albiscapa albicauda","North, 1895","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.3 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"western central Australia (central Western Australia and southern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25F7A7A8",null,null,"Stokes Pass, central Australia.","Preliminary Descriptions of a new Genus and of five new Species of Central Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/388/mode/1up","Rhipidura fuliginosa albicauda"],["19173","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufidorsa","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.200","Rufous-backed Fantail","Rufous-backed Fantail","Rufous-backed Fantail",null,null,"New Guinea and northwestern satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706900","rubfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubfan1","avibase-0C42F446",null,null,"Passim, Rubi, Geelvink Bay, and Ansus, Jobi (= Japen) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/218/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufidorsa"],["19174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufidorsa rufidorsa","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, eastward in the north to Astrolabe Bay, and eastward in the south at least to the Fly River; also Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B85C083E",null,null,"Passim, Rubi, Geelvink Bay, and Ansus, Jobi (= Japen) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/218/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufidorsa"],["19175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufidorsa kubuna","Rand, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.991 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (south slope of the southeastern peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-791FE417",null,null,"Kubuna, southeastern New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 20. On some Passerine New Guinea Birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3869/","Rhipidura rufidorsa kubuna"],["19176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufidorsa kumusi","Mathews, 1928","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (north slope of the southeastern peninsula, but probably occurring west to Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B6D6AD9",null,null,"Kumusi River, southeastern New Guinea.","Bird notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/425/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufidorsa kumusi"],["19177","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura brachyrhyncha","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.42","Dimorphic Fantail","Dimorphic Fantail","Dimorphic Fantail",null,null,"New Guinea (highlands from Bird's Head Peninsula to eastern New Guinea, including the Foja Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706881","dimfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dimfan1","avibase-24B205AA",null,null,"interior of Vogelkop = Arfak Mountains, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 129.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/54/mode/1up","Rhipidura brachyrhyncha"],["19178","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura malaitae","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.20","Malaita Fantail","Malaita Fantail","Malaita Fantail",null,null,"montane forest of Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706910","malfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malfan1","avibase-9CC5CA8D",null,null,"Malaita.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 16, Notes on fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura malaitae"],["19179","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura matthiae","Heinroth, 1902","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.4 p.457 pl.9 fig.2","Mussau Fantail","Mussau Fantail","Mussau Fantail",null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706906","matfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/matfan1","avibase-0B85109C",null,null,"St. Matthias (= Mussau) Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der „I. Deutschen Südsee Expedition von Br. Mencke“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/467/mode/1up","Rhipidura matthiae"],["19180","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura dahli","Reichenow, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.7","Bismarck Fantail","Bismarck Fantail","Bismarck Fantail",null,null,"montane eastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706903","bisfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bisfan1","avibase-0FC06F18",null,null,"Ralum, New Britain.","Rhipidura dahli Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/23/mode/1up","Rhipidura dahli"],["19181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura dahli dahli","Reichenow, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E55BA1ED",null,null,"Ralum, New Britain.","Rhipidura dahli Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/23/mode/1up","Rhipidura dahli"],["19182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura dahli antonii","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.2 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A8BAABA",null,null,"New Ireland.","On the Birds of the district of Talasea in New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/165/mode/1up","Rhipidura dahli antonii"],["19183","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura opistherythra","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.2 p.197","Long-tailed Fantail","Long-tailed Fantail","Long-tailed Fantail",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat, Yamdena, and Maru)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706894","lotfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotfan1","avibase-8580729E",null,null,"Larat and Maru, Tenimber (= Tanimbar).","Additional Notes on Birds collected in the Timor-Laut, or Tenimber, group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/281/mode/1up","Rhipidura opistherythra"],["19184","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura lepida","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.6","Palau Fantail","Palau Fantail","Palau Fantail",null,null,"Palau (Babelthuap to Peleliu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706897","palfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palfan1","avibase-D7D8F728",null,null,"Palau Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/34/mode/1up","Rhipidura lepida"],["19185","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura superflua","Hartert, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.32","Tawny-backed Fantail","Tawny-backed Fantail","Tawny-backed Fantail",null,null,"montane forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706887","cibfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibfan1","avibase-7395D6B9",null,null,"Mt. Mada, Buru; altitude 3,000 feet.","[Exhibition of six new species of birds from Buru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/552/mode/1up","Rhipidura superflua"],["19186","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura sulaensis","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.93","Taliabu Fantail","Taliabu Fantail",null,"2025-0855","Taxon <em>sulaensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Rhipidura teysmanni</em> based on a combination of bioacoustic and genome-wide DNA data (Ng et al. 2017; Rheindt et al. 2020), supplemented by minor plumage differences.","Taliabu Island (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,"rubfan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubfan3","avibase-93BDF65D",null,null,"Taliabu, Sula.","A new Species and eight new Races from Peleng and Taliaboe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/123/mode/1up","Rhipidura teijsmanni sulaensis"],["19187","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura habibiei","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 8-14 [p. 8]","Peleng Fantail","Peleng Fantail",null,"2025-0856","The new taxon <em>Rhipidura habibiei</em> is recognized as a species, separate to <em>R. teysmanni</em> and <em>R. sulaensis</em>, based on a combination of bioacoustic and genome-wide DNA data (Ng et al. 2017; Rheindt et al. 2020), supplemented by minor plumage differences.","Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,"pelfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pelfan1","avibase-F36F6683",null,null,"20 Dec 2013 in forest above Kokolomboi village (~850m elevation) on Peleng Island (S 01° 17.561'; E 122° 52.520').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Rhipidura habibiei"],["19188","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura teysmanni","Büttikofer, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 p.80","Sulawesi Fantail","Sulawesi Fantail",null,"2025-0855","Taxon <em>sulaensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Rhipidura teysmanni</em> based on a combination of bioacoustic and genome-wide DNA data (Ng et al. 2017; Rheindt et al. 2020), supplemented by minor plumage differences.","montane Sulawesi",null,null,null,"rubfan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubfan2","avibase-2291DE46",null,null,"Macassar (= Makasar), Celebes.","A review of the Genus Rhipidura, with an enumeration of the specimens in the Leyden Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/92/mode/1up","Rhipidura teysmanni"],["19189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura teysmanni teysmanni","Büttikofer, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Lompobattang (southwestern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-815B5377",null,null,"Macassar (= Makasar), Celebes.","A review of the Genus Rhipidura, with an enumeration of the specimens in the Leyden Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/92/mode/1up","Rhipidura teysmanni"],["19190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura teysmanni toradja","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36E73770",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains, southcentral Celebes; altitude 2,200 meters.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. II. Neue Vogelrassen aus dem Latimodjong-Gebirge.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0044-0047.pdf#page=2","Rhipidura rufifrons toradja"],["19191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura teysmanni coomansi","van Marle, 1940","Limosa 13 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A86F4F2",null,null,"Sopoetan (= Soputan), Minahasa, northern Celebes; altitude 1,500 meters.","Aanteekeningen omtrent de vogels van de Minahasa (N. O.-Celebes).",null,"Rhipidura teysmanni coomansi"],["19192","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semirubra","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.552","Manus Fantail","Manus Fantail","Manus Fantail",null,null,"Manus, San Miguel, Tong, and adjacent Admiralty Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706921","manfan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manfan2","avibase-0199E134",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/226/mode/1up","Rhipidura semirubra"],["19193","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura dryas","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.132","Arafura Fantail","Arafura Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","mangroves, coastal woodland, humid forest, and monsoon woodland in northern Australia, including Melville and Groote Eylandt Islands southwards to Collier Bay, from Kimberley region eastward to western Cape York Peninsula (northwestern Australia), and very locally in coastal southwestern and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,"arafan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arafan1","avibase-11A12252",null,null,"Port Essington, north coast of Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/284/mode/1up","Rhipidura dryas"],["19194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura dryas dryas","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to western Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE2A2254",null,null,"Port Essington, north coast of Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/284/mode/1up","Rhipidura dryas"],["19195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura dryas streptophora","Ogilvie-Grant, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF8ADE64",null,null,"mouth of the Mimika River, southern New Guinea.","Descriptions of species of birds from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/53/mode/1up","Rhipidura streptophora"],["19196","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.184, note","Supertramp Fantail","Supertramp Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","mangroves, coastal, and monsoon woodland in Flores Sea islands (south of Sulawesi), the Lesser Sundas from Sumba eastward, and Banda, Kai, West Papuan, and Aru islands",null,null,null,"arafan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arafan2","avibase-A8281232",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/200/mode/1up","Rhipidura semicollaris"],["19197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris squamata","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.184, note",null,null,null,null,null,"Banda, Seram Laut, Tayandu, and Kai islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F879308C",null,null,"Banda, southern Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/200/mode/1up","Rhipidura squamata"],["19198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris celebensis","Büttikofer, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum XV, Note IV p.69, p. 79-80",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea and Lalao islands (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C803D1E",null,null,"Makassar, Celebes; error: Kalao, fide Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool, 3, p. 173.","A review of the Genus Rhipidura, with an enumeration of the specimens in the Leyden Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/91/mode/1up","Rhipidura celebensis"],["19199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris mimosae","Meise, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.3 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"Kalaotoa Island (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1607A5C5",null,null,"Kalaotoa.","Die Vögel von Djampea und benachbarten Inseln nach einer Sammlung Baron Plessens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917266","Rhipidura rufifrons mimosae"],["19200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris sumbensis","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.585",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BED98676",null,null,"Sumba.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/637/mode/1up","Rhipidura celebensis sumbensis"],["19201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris semicollaris","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.184, note",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores to Timor and adjacent Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FB9948A",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/200/mode/1up","Rhipidura semicollaris"],["19202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris elegantula","Sharpe, 1879","Notes from the Leyden Museum I, Note VII p.23-24",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Leti, Moa, Romang, and Damar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFE87EB6",null,null,"Letti (= Leti) Island.","On a new Rhipidura from the Island of Lettie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/35/mode/1up","Rhipidura elegantula"],["19203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris reichenowi","Finsch, 1901","Notes from the Leyden Museum 22 no.4 p.257 pl.4 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar Island (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FA023AA",null,null,"Babber (= Babar) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37358#page/279/mode/1up","Rhipidura Reichenowi"],["19204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris hamadryas","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.51, p. 54",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14DD16DA",null,null,"Larat Island, Tanimbar Islands.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/105/mode/1up","Rhipidura hamadryas"],["19205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura semicollaris henrici","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8C01ABB",null,null,"Kilsoein (= Kilsuin), Koer (= Kur) Group, Kai Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/85/mode/1up","Rhipidura squamata henrici"],["19206","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura torrida","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.477, pl. XXVIII","Gilolo Fantail","Gilolo Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, Bacan, and Obi)",null,null,null,"ruffan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruffan3","avibase-E7A27B20",null,null,"Ternate; altitude 4,000 feet.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/561/mode/1up","Rhipidura torrida"],["19207","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufifrons","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.l","Australian Rufous Fantail","Australian Rufous Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","breeds eastern Australia; winters northward to south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,"ruffan13","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruffan13","avibase-731A6E5C",null,null,"'Nova Wallia Australi' = Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 487.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/56/mode/1up","Muscicapa rufifrons"],["19208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufifrons intermedia","North, 1902","The Victorian Naturalist 19, no.7, November 6, 1902, no.227 p.101-102",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to southeastern Queensland); winters northward to south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C61DA3A",null,null,"Bellenden Ker Range, northern Queensland.","On three apparently undescribed species of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37546#page/121/mode/1up","Rhipidura intermedia"],["19209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufifrons rufifrons","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.l",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to southwestern Victoria); winters northward to south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7337B576",null,null,"'Nova Wallia Australi' = Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 487.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/56/mode/1up","Muscicapa rufifrons"],["19210","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura louisiadensis","Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.1 p.78-79","Louisiade Fantail","Louisiade Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"ruffan4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruffan4","avibase-EE8D9BC5",null,null,"Rossel Island.","On the birds collected by Mr. Meek on Rossel Island in the Louisiade Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/92/mode/1up","Rhipidura louisiadensis"],["19211","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura kubaryi","Finsch, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.644","Pohnpei Fantail","Pohnpei Fantail","Pohnpei Fantail",null,null,"Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706913","pohfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pohfan1","avibase-BC458125",null,null,"Ponape, Senyavin Group.","Characters of six new Polynesian Birds in the Museum Godeffroy at Hamburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/808/mode/1up","Rhipidura kubaryi"],["19212","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta","Ramsay, 1879","Nature 45 p.125","Solomons Rufous Fantail","Solomons Rufous Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","Solomon Archipelago, from Bougainville southward to Makira",null,null,null,"sorfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sorfan1","avibase-587DF391",null,null,"Guadalcanal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Rhissidura rufofronta"],["19213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta commoda","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Choiseul, and adjacent northern Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F321DF3D",null,null,"Bougainville.","Notes on various species of Rhipidura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/86/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufifrons commoda"],["19214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta granti","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"central Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30319FCB",null,null,"Rendova.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/86/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufifrons granti"],["19215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta brunnea","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C44F1003",null,null,"Malaita.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura rufifrons brunnea"],["19216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta rufofronta","Ramsay, 1879","Nature 45 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94DF5CBF",null,null,"Guadalcanal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Rhissidura rufofronta"],["19217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta ugiensis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Ugi (southwestern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0511ACD",null,null,"Ugi.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura rufifrons ugiensis"],["19218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta russata","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6717C497",null,null,"Makira Harbor, San Cristobal.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/490/mode/1up","Rhipidura russata"],["19219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura rufofronta kuperi","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.18-19",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Ana (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA1648D8",null,null,"Santa Ana.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura rufifrons kuperi"],["19220","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura melanolaema","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.313","Santa Cruz Fantail","Santa Cruz Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"sacfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacfan1","avibase-01D2917F",null,null,"Island of Malikollo or Vanikoro, New Hebrides",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/331/mode/1up","Rhipidura melanolaema"],["19221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura melanolaema agilis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.17-18",null,null,null,null,null,"Nendö (northern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20EA767E",null,null,"Santa Cruz.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura rufifrons agilis"],["19222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura melanolaema melanolaema","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7AC85EA",null,null,"Island of Malikollo or Vanikoro, New Hebrides",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/331/mode/1up","Rhipidura melanolaema"],["19223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura melanolaema utupuae","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.502 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Utupua (central Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ABA4624",null,null,"Utupua.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 16. Notes on Fantails of the genus Rhipidura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4268/","Rhipidura rufifrons utupuae"],["19224","species","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura versicolor","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.96","Micronesian Rufous Fantail","Micronesian Rufous Fantail",null,"2025-0857","The Rufous Fantail complex (comprising the highly polytypic <em>Rhipidura rufifrons</em>, and <em>R. dryas</em>) is divided into eight species based on a combination of genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023b), plumage differences, and vocalizations: <em>Rhipidura dryas</em> (polytypic) centred in northwestern Australia; <em>R. semicollaris</em> (polytypic) mostly from smaller islands of southeastern Indonesia; <em>R. torrida</em> (monotypic) from the northern Moluccas; <em>R. rufifrons</em> (polytypic) centred in northeastern Australia; <em>R. louisiadensis </em>(monotypic) from the Louisiades and D’Entrecasteaux islands; <em>R. melanolaema</em> from the Santa Cruz Is. (polytypic, including <em>agilis </em>from Nendo); <em>R. versicolor</em> (polytypic) from various Micronesian islands; and <em>R. rufofronta</em> (polytypic) from the main Solomon Islands. Additional splits may be warranted in the <em>R. rufofronta, R. semicollaris,</em> and <em>R. melanolaema</em> complexes; further research needed.","Mariana Islands (extinct on Guam) and Yap (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,"mirfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mirfan1","avibase-2F3E70A0",null,null,"Uap (= Yap), Mackenzie Group.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/126/mode/1up","Rhipidura versicolor"],["19225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura versicolor uraniae","Oustalet, 1881","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), Tome 5ème (1880-1881), no.2 p.76,text",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Guam (Mariana Islands); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-E072FCBA",null,null,"Mariannes = Guam.","Notes d'Ornithologie. (2e série).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98733#page/84/mode/1up","Rhipidura Uraniae"],["19226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura versicolor saipanensis","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2229B1E",null,null,"Saipan, Marianne Islands.","On the birds of the Marianne Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/70/mode/1up","Rhipidura saipanensis"],["19227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura versicolor mariae","Baker, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"southernmost Northern Mariana Islands (Rota)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7B3E4A3",null,null,"Mariiru Point, Rota Island, Marianas Islands.","A new race of Rhipidura rufifrons from Rota Island, Marina Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/305/mode/1up","Rhipidura rufifrons mariae"],["19228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhipiduridae","Fantails and Silktails","Rhipidura versicolor versicolor","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Yap (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4EE8799",null,null,"Uap (= Yap), Mackenzie Group.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/126/mode/1up","Rhipidura versicolor"],["19229","family","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicruridae",null,null,"Drongos","Drongos","Drongos",null,null,null,null,null,null,"dicrur1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dicrur1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19230","genus","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus balicassius [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 47).",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f47.item","Dicrurus"],["19231","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus aeneus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.586","Bronzed Drongo","Bronzed Drongo","Bronzed Drongo",null,null,"Himalayas from eastern Uttarakhand (northwestern India) southward through mountains of Peninsular India, eastward through southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, southeastern Asia through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706973","brodro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brodro1","avibase-DD177B0B",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/604/mode/1up","Dicrurus aeneus"],["19232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus aeneus aeneus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"India to southwestern China, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, and the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B56951E6",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/604/mode/1up","Dicrurus aeneus"],["19233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus aeneus malayensis","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai- Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99884D8B",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/422/mode/1up","Chaptia malayensis"],["19234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus aeneus braunianus","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.19 p.269-270",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A535409B",null,null,"interior mountains of Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 219.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/299/mode/1up","Chaptia brauniana"],["19235","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus remifer","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.30, vol.3 pl.178","Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo","Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo","Lesser Racquet-tailed Drongo",null,null,"Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh (northwestern India) through southern West Bengal, eastward to southeastern Tibet and southeastern Asia through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706976","lrtdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lrtdro1","avibase-B5EE2DEF",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/49/mode/1up","Edolius remifer"],["19236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus remifer tectirostris","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.325-326",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas to southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE0066FE",null,null,"Nepal.","On some new species of the Edolian and Ceblepyrine subfamilies of the Laniidae of Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/341/mode/1up","Chibia (Bhringa) Tectirostris"],["19237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus remifer peracensis","(Stuart Baker, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand to western Laos and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F98A35E4",null,null,"Telom, Perak-Pahang border, Malay Peninsula.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/156/mode/1up","Bhringa remifer peracensis"],["19238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus remifer lefoli","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cambodia (Dâmrei and Cardamom mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5A415A4",null,null,"Bokor, southern Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/173/mode/1up","Bhringa remifer lefoli"],["19239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus remifer remifer","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.30, vol.3 pl.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1732795",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/49/mode/1up","Edolius remifer"],["19240","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus annectens","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.326","Crow-billed Drongo","Crow-billed Drongo","Crow-billed Drongo",null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas to southern China; winters to southeastern Asia and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706970","crbdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbdro1","avibase-DC9537C7",null,null,"Nepal.","On some new species of the Edolian and Ceblepyrine subfamilies of the Laniidae of Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/342/mode/1up","Bhuchanga annectans"],["19241","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus lophorinus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.587","Sri Lanka Drongo","Sri Lanka Drongo","Sri Lanka Drongo",null,null,"western Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103711132","srldro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/srldro1","avibase-AB038438",null,null,"India, restricted to Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/607/mode/1up","Dicrurus lophorinus"],["19242","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus andamanensis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.323","Andaman Drongo","Andaman Drongo","Andaman Drongo",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707002","anddro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anddro1","avibase-EED766E8",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/351/mode/1up","Dicrurus andamanensis"],["19243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus andamanensis dicruriformis","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1, no.5 p.408-409",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and Coco Islands (Bay of Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4441767F",null,null,"Great Coco and Table Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/436/mode/1up","Dissemuroides dicruriformis"],["19244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus andamanensis andamanensis","Beavan, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63236A91",null,null,"Andaman Islands.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/351/mode/1up","Dicrurus andamanensis"],["19245","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.172","Greater Racket-tailed Drongo","Greater Racket-tailed Drongo","Greater Racquet-tailed Drongo",null,null,"lowland to foothill humid broadleaf forest, bamboo, plantations, and mangroves, from Uttarakhand (northwestern India) and hills of Indian Peninsula, Sri Lanka, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), southeastern Asia, Greater Sundas, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103711122","grtdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtdro1","avibase-2042CD42",null,null,"Siam. Based on 'le Coucou verd [sic], hupe de Siam, Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 4, p. 151, fig. 1, pl. 14. Restricted to the region between Ayuthia and the head of the Gulf of Siam, bv Kloss (1919, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, 3, p. 453).i",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/176/mode/1up","Cuculus paradiseus"],["19246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus grandis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India to northern Myanmar and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2E5701E",null,null,"Nepal.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/17/mode/1up","Edolius grandis"],["19247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus rangoonensis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central India to southern Myanmar, northern and northeastern Thailand, central Laos, and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44598F8B",null,null,"Rangoon.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/17/mode/1up","Edolius rangoonensis"],["19248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus paradiseus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India to western, central, and eastern Thailand and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D7AA48",null,null,"Siam. Based on 'le Coucou verd [sic], hupe de Siam, Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 4, p. 151, fig. 1, pl. 14. Restricted to the region between Ayuthia and the head of the Gulf of Siam, bv Kloss (1919, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, 3, p. 453).i",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/176/mode/1up","Cuculus paradiseus"],["19249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus johni","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.579-580,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35EACFC3",null,null,"Five Finger Mountains, Hainan.","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/645/mode/1up","Dissemurus paradiseus johni"],["19250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus ceylonicus","Vaurie, 1949","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 93, art.4 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-710A9E36",null,null,"Northeastern Province, Ceylon.","A revision of the bird family Dicruridae","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1240","Dicrurus paradiseus ceylonicus"],["19251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus otiosus","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBB5C338",null,null,"Andamans.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/322/mode/1up","Dissemurus malabaricus otiosus"],["19252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus nicobariensis","(Stuart Baker, 1918)","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E86F1724",null,null,"Kondel [Island], Nicobars.","Some notes on the Dicruridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/328/mode/1u","Dissemurus paradiseus nicobariensis"],["19253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus hypoballus","(Oberholser, 1926)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 16, no.19 p.518",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thai-Malay Peninsula; broadly intergrades with platurus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F66B7236",null,null,"'Prahmon, Trang, Lower (Peninsular) Siam.","Description of nineteen new East Indian passerine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123331#page/608/mode/1up","Dissemurus paradiseus hypoballus"],["19254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus platurus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.588",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61E44877",null,null,"Based on 'le Drongo a Raquette,' Levaillant, 1805, Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 73, pl. 175. Restricted to Malacca and Sumatra by Tweeddale (1877, Ibis, p. 314); type locality fixed to Malacca proper by Robinson and Kloss (1920, Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc, no. 81, p. 111).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/608/mode/1up","Dicrurus platurus"],["19255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus microlophus","(Oberholser, 1917)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A26224F",null,null,"Pulo Jimaja, Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/75/mode/1up","Dissemurus paradiseus microlophus"],["19256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus brachyphorus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E2E6C6B",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/549/mode/1up","Edolius brachyphorus"],["19257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus banguey","(Chasen & Kloss, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off north Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FADA425B",null,null,"Banguey and Balambangan Islands, off northern Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Dissemurus paradiseus banguey"],["19258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus paradiseus formosus","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FD14BA6",null,null,"Barta, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/127/mode/1up","Dissemurus formosus"],["19259","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus sumatranus","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.15","Sumatran Drongo","Sumatran Drongo",null,"2025-0701a","Taxon <em>viridinitens </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dicrurus hottentottus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Shakya et al. (2020) but further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","humid lowlands of Sumatra",null,null,null,"sumdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumdro1","avibase-EB1CF5BF",null,null,"Ayer-Angat, Paio, and Mt. Sago, Sumatra.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Sumatra. Report on a Collection from the neighbourhood of Padang.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/45/mode/1up","Dicrurus sumatranus"],["19260","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus densus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.352","Wallacean Drongo","Wallacean Drongo","Wallacean Drongo",null,null,"Lesser Sundas and Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706990","waldro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/waldro1","avibase-D5A32822",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/550/mode/1up","Edolius densus"],["19261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus densus vicinus","Rensch, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Lombok (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAAC3F7E",null,null,"Ekas, Lombok.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln I. Aus den Ergebnissen der Sunda-Expedition.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0006-0010.pdf#page=2","Dicrurus hottentottus vicinus"],["19262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus densus bimaensis","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa to Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83EA8090",null,null,"'Lombock, Sumbawa, and Flores.' Type locality restricted to Flores by Rensch (1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17 (4), p. 589).","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/592/mode/1up","Dicrorus bimaënsis"],["19263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus densus sumbae","Rensch, 1931","Treubia 13, no.3-4 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FCAFA28",null,null,"Karoni and Laora, Sumba Island.","Ueber einige Vogelsammlungen des Buitenzorger Museums von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v13i3-4.1954","Dicrurus hottentottus sumbae"],["19264","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus densus densus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Rote, Semau, Timor, Wetar, Sermata, and Luang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B773F05D",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/550/mode/1up","Edolius densus"],["19265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus densus kuehni","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.2 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3BE7FBB",null,null,"Larat, Timorlaut [Tenimber] Islands.","On a collection of birds from the Timorlaut Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/200/mode/1up","Dicrurus kühni"],["19266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus densus megalornis","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram Laut (Gorong, Manawoka), Watubela, and Kai islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6B896F0",null,null,"Kei Island.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/245/mode/1up","Dicrurus megalornis"],["19267","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.155","Hair-crested Drongo","Hair-crested Drongo","Hair-crested Drongo","2025-0701a","Taxon <em>viridinitens </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dicrurus hottentottus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Shakya et al. (2020) but further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","Himalayas from Kashmir and mountains of Peninsular India through eastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, southeastern Asia including Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, Moluccas, and Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232589675","hacdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hacdro1","avibase-00E2192F",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope. Based on 'le Choucas du Cap de Bonne Esperance,' Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 33, pl. 2, fig. 2. Type locality Chandernagor, southern Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/159/mode/1up","Corvus hottentottus"],["19268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus brevirostris","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern China southward to northern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam; most of the population migrates southward, wintering in Indochina, Thailand, and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54FA1AA3",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/128/mode/1up","Trichometopus brevirostris"],["19269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus hottentottus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"India to Myanmar, northern Thailand, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D407FBD5",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope. Based on 'le Choucas du Cap de Bonne Esperance,' Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 33, pl. 2, fig. 2. Type locality Chandernagor, southern Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/159/mode/1up","Corvus hottentottus"],["19270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus faberi","Hoogerwerf, 1962","Ardea 50, no.3/4 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Panaitan Island and islands in Jakarta Bay, western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-986B4FEE",null,null,"Tjiharashas, Prinsen Island, West Java","Some ornithological notes on the smaller islands around Java (with the descriptions of seven new subspecies).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1188","Dicrurus hottentottus faberi"],["19271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus termeuleni","(Finsch, 1907)","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.2 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Seribu Islands and islands in Jakarta Bay (northern Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EF9FD44",null,null,"Pulu Pajung, Thousand Islands [western Java].","Neue Arten zur javanischen Ornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/326/mode/1up","Chibia ter Meuleni"],["19272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus jentincki","(Vorderman, 1893)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 52 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Java, Masalembu and Kangean islands (Java Sea), and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1676D741",null,null,"Ardajasa, Kangean Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122295#page/238/mode/1up","Chibia jentincki"],["19273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus viridinitens","(Salvadori, 1895)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.593",null,null,null,"2025-0701a","Taxon <em>viridinitens </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dicrurus hottentottus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Shakya et al. (2020) but further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","Mentawai Islands (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80803405",null,null,"Pisac-sac, Si Oban, Sipora, Mentawei.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/605/mode/1up","Dicruropsis viridinitens"],["19274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus borneensis","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.246-247",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo, Maratua, and Matasiri islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF81D45D",null,null,"Kina-Balu, Borneo.","On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain, in North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/332/mode/1up","Chibia borneensis"],["19275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus suluensis","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99149096",null,null,"Maimbun [=Maimbung], Sulu [= Jolo] Island.","The birds of the Kangean Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/493/mode/1up","Dicrurus suluensis"],["19276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus leucops","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.478",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, Matasiri Island (Java Sea), Sangihe, and Siau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-252C13EC",null,null,"Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/562/mode/1up","Dicrurus leucops"],["19277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus banggaiensis","Vaurie, 1952","Ardea 40 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai Islands, off eastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50CF2645",null,null,"Peling Island."," A new drongo from the Molucca Sea","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1890","Dicrurus hottentottus banggaiensis"],["19278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus pectoralis","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A30D3C4",null,null,"Sula Islands.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/396/mode/1up","Dicrurus pectoralis"],["19279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus hottentottus guillemardi","(Salvadori, 1890)","Aggiunte alla Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"central Moluccas (Bisa and Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB4A157C",null,null,"Bisa Island, Obi Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34268#page/100/mode/1up","Dicruropsis guillemardi"],["19280","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus megarhynchus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.184","Paradise Drongo","Ribbon-tailed Drongo","Ribbon-tailed Drongo",null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706999","ritdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ritdro1","avibase-1C7931F4",null,null,"? 'Dorey, New Guinea, error for Port Praslin, New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/242/mode/1up","Edolius megarhynchus"],["19281","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus montanus","(Riley, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.94","Sulawesi Drongo","Sulawesi Drongo","Sulawesi Drongo",null,null,"hill and montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706987","suldro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suldro1","avibase-8C728466",null,null,"Besoa, Toe wo Mountains, north central Celebes.","Six new birds from Celebes and Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/118/mode/1up","Dicruropsis montana"],["19282","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.132","Spangled Drongo","Spangled Drongo","Spangled Drongo",null,null,"Moluccas, New Guinea region, northern and eastern Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706996","spadro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spadro1","avibase-FEB566B5",null,null,"eastern and northern coasts of Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/284/mode/1up","Dicrurus bracteatus"],["19283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus amboinensis","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Haruku, and Saparua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-329A9DF1",null,null,"'Amboyna.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/452/mode/1up","Dicrurus amboinensis"],["19284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus buruensis","Hartert, 1919","Novitates Zoologicae 26, no.1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E62EA182",null,null,"'Mount Madang,' west Buru.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. I. Corvidae to Meliphagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24180#page/149/mode/1up","Dicrurus (bracteatus?) buruensis"],["19285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus morotensis","Vaurie, 1946","The Auk 63, no.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Morotai (Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85676F09",null,null,"Mira, Morotai Island, Northern Moluccas.","A new Drongo from the Moluccas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol63/iss1/12/","Dicrurus hottentottus morotensis"],["19286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus atrocaeruleus","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"Halmahera, northern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-611AEDBA",null,null,"Batchian and E. Gilolo [Halmahera] Islands.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/452/mode/1up","Dicrurus atrocaeruleus"],["19287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus carbonarius","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including Aru Islands, D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea), and northwestern Torres Strait islands (far northeastern Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D11891F4",null,null,"New Guinea; type locality. Lobe, Triton Bay, as fixed by Stresemann (1923, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, di v. A, no. 7, p. 46).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/550/mode/1up","Dicrourus carbonarius"],["19288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus baileyi","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley, northern Western Australia, eastward to northern Northern Territory, including Tiwi islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BFE400B",null,null,"Alligator River, Northern Territory.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/461/mode/1up","Dicrurus bracteatus baileyi"],["19289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus atrabectus","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait islands, Cape York Peninsula to Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland); winters to south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E001C58F",null,null,"Mission Beach [Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Dicrurus bracteatus atrabectus"],["19290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus bracteatus","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Burdekin River, Queensland to southern Victoria); winters to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5B15742",null,null,"eastern and northern coasts of Australia.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/284/mode/1up","Dicrurus bracteatus"],["19291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus laemostictus","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.101-102",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FE17351",null,null,"New Britain.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/157/mode/1up","Dicrurus laemo-stictus"],["19292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus meeki","Rothschild & Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A376CD75",null,null,"'Guadalcanar,' Solomon Islands.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Vol. VIII., 1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/128/mode/1up","Dicrurus meeki"],["19293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus bracteatus longirostris","Ramsay, 1882","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.7, pt.2 p.300-301",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CBD3163",null,null,"Wano, San Christoval [Solomon Islands].","Description of two new Birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30242#page/326/mode/1up","Dicrurus (Chibia) longirostris"],["19294","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus menagei","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.15","Tablas Drongo","Tablas Drongo","Tablas Drongo",null,null,"Philippines (Tablas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736062","tabdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabdro1","avibase-990FB1F5",null,null,"Badajoz, Tablas Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/19/mode/1up","Chibia menagei"],["19295","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus palawanensis","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.614","Palawan Drongo","Palawan Drongo","Palawan Drongo","2025-0701c","Taxon <em>palawanensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>cuyensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicrurus hottentottus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Shakya et al. (2020).","Palawan group and islets to northeast (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232589773","paldro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paldro1","avibase-57920319",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/200/mode/1up","Dicrurus palawanensis"],["19296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus palawanensis palawanensis","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.614",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Palawan, Busuanga, Mapun, Culion, and Balabac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-603B2855",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/200/mode/1up","Dicrurus palawanensis"],["19297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus palawanensis cuyensis","(McGregor, 1903)","Bulletin of the Philippine Museum 1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Cuyo and Semirara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-438676CA",null,null,"Cuyo Island.","On birds from Luzon, Mindoro, Masbate, Ticao, Cuyo, Culion, Cagayan Sulu, and Palawan.",null,"Chibia cuyensis"],["19298","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus striatus","Tweeddale, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.545","Short-tailed Drongo","Short-tailed Drongo","Short-tailed Drongo","2025-0701b","Taxon <em>striatus</em> (polytypic, including <em>samarensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicrurus balicassius</em> based on morphology and the mitochondrial DNA data of Shakya et al. (2020); further research incorporating nuclear or genomic DNA is needed.","east-central and southern Philippines (East Visayas and Mindanao group)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103711049","hacdro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hacdro3","avibase-F63C3F87",null,null,"Pasananca [near Zamboanga], Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/219/mode/1up","Dicrurus striatus"],["19299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus striatus samarensis","Vaurie, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1335 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Panaon, Samar, and Calicoan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1DECA66",null,null,"Bonga, Samar.","Two new Drongos from the Philippines.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4223/","Dicrurus hottentottus samarensis"],["19300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus striatus striatus","Tweeddale, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan, Mindanao, and Nipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B50C27B8",null,null,"Pasananca [near Zamboanga], Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/219/mode/1up","Dicrurus striatus"],["19301","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus balicassius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.157","Balicassiao","Balicassiao","Balicassiao","2025-0701b","Taxon <em>striatus</em> (polytypic, including <em>samarensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicrurus balicassius</em> based on morphology and the mitochondrial DNA data of Shakya et al. (2020); further research incorporating nuclear or genomic DNA is needed.","northern and west-central Philippines (Luzon and West Visayas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706993","balica1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balica1","avibase-C9B27637",null,null,"Philippines. Based on 'le Choucas des Philippines,' Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/161/mode/1up","Corvus balicassius"],["19302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus balicassius abraensis","Vaurie, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1335 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A3A76C4",null,null,"Bucay, Abra Province, northern Luzon.","Two new Drongos from the Philippines.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4223/","Dicrurus balicassius abraensis"],["19303","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus balicassius balicassius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Luzon, Lubang, Marinduque, Mindoro, and Polillo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E64D16",null,null,"Philippines. Based on 'le Choucas des Philippines,' Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/161/mode/1up","Corvus balicassius"],["19304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus balicassius mirabilis","Walden & Layard, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.103, pl. V",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Panay, Cebu, Negros, Guimaras, Ticao, and Masbate)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A10237D9",null,null,"Negros.","On Birds recently observed or obtained in the Island of Negros, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/133/mode/1up","Dicrurus mirabilis"],["19305","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus ludwigii","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.2, pt.1 p.144","Square-tailed Drongo","Square-tailed Drongo","Square-tailed Drongo",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded savanna, forest clearings and edges, and gallery forest, from western Angola and northern Zambia eastward to southern Somalia and eastern Kenya, and southward through eastern Zimbabwe to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/229728866","cstdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cstdro1","avibase-E79026DE",null,null,"Port Natal (Durban).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/162/mode/1up","Edolius ludwigii"],["19306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus ludwigii muenzneri","Reichenow, 1915","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 no.6 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to eastern Kenya and southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C71864",null,null,"Sanyi in Mahenge im südlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika. [Sanyi Mission Station, Tanzania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/101/mode/1up","Dicrurus münzneri"],["19307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus ludwigii saturnus","Clancey, 1976","Durban Museum Novitates 11, no.4 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, Zambia, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE39DF4E",null,null,"Maubi R. Cangandala, Malanje, Angola, 9 47'S, 16 41'E","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 44. Subspeciation in the Squaretailed Drongo Dicrurus ludwigii (A. Smith), 1834.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2233","Dicrurus ludwigii saturnus"],["19308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus ludwigii tephrogaster","Clancey, 1975","Durban Museum Novitates 11, no.1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi to Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18CA7E45",null,null,"Chirinda Forest, Mount Selinda, Chipinga district, eastern Rhodesia","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 43. An undescribed race of the forest-dwelling drongo Dicrurus ludwigii (Smith).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2233","Dicrurus ludwigii tephrogaster"],["19309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus ludwigii ludwigii","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.2, pt.1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Eswatini and southern Mozambique to Eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D97DE5D",null,null,"Port Natal (Durban).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/162/mode/1up","Edolius ludwigii"],["19310","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus atripennis","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.256","Shining Drongo","Shining Drongo","Shining Drongo",null,null,"forest of Guinea and Sierra Leone to Gabon and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706931","shidro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shidro1","avibase-28AC53BE",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/314/mode/1up","Dicrurus atripennis"],["19311","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus sharpei","Oustalet, 1879","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin ser.2, vol.2, fasc.1 p.97","Sharpe's Drongo","Sharpe's Drongo","Sharpe's Drongo","2025-0698","Taxon <em>sharpei </em>(polytypic, including <em>occidentalis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicrurus ludwigii</em> based on analysis of plumage, proportions, and vocalizations (Fishpool et al. 2021), and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2017b, 2018b) do not recover <em>D. ludwigii sensu lato </em>as monophyletic, with <em>sharpei </em>being more closely aligned to <em>D. atripennis</em>. Although a relatively deep mtDNA divergence separates <em>sharpei </em>and <em>occidentalis </em>(Fuchs et al. 2018b) they are treated as conspecific pending further research.","lowland and foothill woodland, forest edges, and gallery forest, from Senegambia eastward to southeastern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/229725407","shadro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shadro2","avibase-84249EE3",null,null,"Upper Ogowe River, Gabon.","Catalogue méthodique des oiseaux recueillis par M. Marche dans son voyage sur l'Ogôoué avec description d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113476#page/109/mode/1up","Dicrurus sharpei"],["19312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus sharpei occidentalis","Fuchs, Douno, Bowie & Fjeldså, 2018","Zootaxa 4438(1) 105-127",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Nigeria (west of the Niger River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8555A05",null,null,"Sérédou, Poste 5 (Geo-referenced a posteriori: latitude: 8.383, longitude: -9.300), Macenta Prefecture, Nzérékoré Region, Guinea. by Raymond Pujol and Jean Roché on 18 December 1959","Taxonomic revision of the Square-tailed Drongo species complex (Passeriformes: Dicruridae) with description of a new species from western Africa","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325879693","Dicrurus occidentalis"],["19313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus sharpei sharpei","Oustalet, 1879","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin ser.2, vol.2, fasc.1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"central Africa, from Nigeria (east of the Niger River, south of the Benue River) eastward to Uganda, South Sudan, and western Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EA13EB3",null,null,"Upper Ogowe River, Gabon.","Catalogue méthodique des oiseaux recueillis par M. Marche dans son voyage sur l'Ogôoué avec description d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113476#page/109/mode/1up","Dicrurus sharpei"],["19314","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus caerulescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.95","White-bellied Drongo","White-bellied Drongo","White-bellied Drongo",null,null,"lowland to foothill woodland, bamboo, plantations, and gardens, of Peninsular India and Sri Lanka; local seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706967","whbdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbdro1","avibase-994E98B3",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/113/mode/1up","Lanius caerulescens"],["19315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus caerulescens caerulescens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of southern Nepal and Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6687DF1",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/113/mode/1up","Lanius caerulescens"],["19316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus caerulescens insularis","(Sharpe, 1877)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C791786",null,null,"Lunugalla, southeastern Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/271/mode/1up","Buchanga insularis"],["19317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus caerulescens leucopygialis","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F14EA77",null,null,"Colombo, southwestern Ceylon.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/426/mode/1up","Dicrurus leucopygialis"],["19318","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.587","Ashy Drongo","Ashy Drongo","Ashy Drongo",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, wooded grassland, coastal scrub, plantations, and mangroves, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to eastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Palawan (Philippines), Greater Sundas and satellite islands, and western Lesser Sundas (eastward to Lombok); northern populations migrate southward to Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706964","ashdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashdro1","avibase-5FD53BB1",null,null,"'Ceylon' (error for Java). Based on 'le Drongri,' Levaillant, 1805, Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 65, pl. 170.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/607/mode/1up","Dicrurus leucophaeus"],["19319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus leucogenis","(Walden, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.27 p.219-220",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China; winters to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7B72F85",null,null,"Nagasaki, Japan, error; type locality corrected to China by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 474); restricted to Ichang. Hupeh, by Deignan (1945, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 186, p. 289).","XXII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from Southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/233/mode/1up","Buchanga leucogenis"],["19320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus salangensis","Reichenow, 1890","Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern China; winters Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98806D79",null,null,"'Insula Salanga' [Junk Seylon or Phuket].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104091#page/81/mode/1up","Dicrourus leucogenys var. salangensis"],["19321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus longicaudatus","Jerdon, 1862","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 1 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Afghanistan to Sikkim; winters to southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9885F060",null,null,"Segour Pass, Nilgiris.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113051#page/500/mode/1up","Dicrurus longicaudatus"],["19322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus hopwoodi","Stuart Baker, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas to Myanmar and southern China; winters to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BC8491C",null,null,"Dacca, southeastern Bengal.","Some notes on the Dicruridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/322/mode/1up","Dicrurus leucophaeus hopwoodi"],["19323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus innexus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.246-247",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0C3A310",null,null,"Chinlan River, Wenchang District, northeastern Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/268/mode/1up","Buchanga innexa"],["19324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus mouhoti","(Walden, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.27 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Myanmar and northern Thailand; winters to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-891EF33A",null,null,"Cambodia; restricted to Angkor by Riley (1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53, p. 132).","XXII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from Southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/234/mode/1up","Buchanga mouhoti"],["19325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus bondi","Meyer de Schauensee, 1937","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 89 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"western and eastern Thailand, southern Laos, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6075D658",null,null,"Ubol Chanuman [Ban Chanuman, near Ban Khemmarat, eastern Thailand on the Mekong].","On a new species of Drongo from Siam.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064269","Dicrurus bondi"],["19326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus nigrescens","Oates, 1889","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.311, p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"mangrove forest of far southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, and peninsular Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A999269C",null,null,"Kyeikpaden, near Pegu Town.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/339/mode/1up","Dicrurus nigrescens"],["19327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus batakensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 80 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C50D538",null,null,"Bandar Baroe, Deli, northeastern Sumatra.","On a collection of birds from N.E. Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130752#page/415/mode/1up","Buchanga leucophaea batakensis"],["19328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus phaedrus","(Reichenow, 1904)","Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \"Valdivia\" 1898-1899 7 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98A66FBE",null,null,"Padang, western Sumatra.","Übersicht der auf der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29961#page/450/mode/1up","Buchanga stigmatops phaedra"],["19329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus periophthalmicus","(Salvadori, 1895)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.594",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Islands (off west-central Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC9C8F3A",null,null,"Si Oban, Sipora Island, Mentawei group.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/607/mode/1up","Buchanga periophthalmica"],["19330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus celaenus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue Island (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E08B7FC1",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/133/mode/1up","Dicrurus cineraceus celaenus"],["19331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus siberu","Chasen & Kloss, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberut Island (off west-central Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8A97F9A",null,null,"Siberut Island, Mentawei group.","Spolia Mentawiensis. - Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07583.x","Dicrurus leucogenis siberu"],["19332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus stigmatops","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-289EA2A8",null,null,"Mt. Kina Balu, northwestern Borneo.","On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain, in North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/333/mode/1up","Buchanga stigmatops"],["19333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus leucophaeus leucophaeus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.587",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, Lombok, Palawan, Calamian, and Balabac islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-468747DF",null,null,"'Ceylon' (error for Java). Based on 'le Drongri,' Levaillant, 1805, Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 65, pl. 170.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/607/mode/1up","Dicrurus leucophaeus"],["19334","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus adsimilis","(Bechstein, 1794)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 2, th.1 p.362","Fork-tailed Drongo","Fork-tailed Drongo","Fork-tailed Drongo","2025-0699","Taxon <em>divaricatus </em>(polytypic, including <em>lugubris</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Dicrurus adsimilis</em> based on available evidence. Phenotypic differences are not pronounced (shade of plumage gloss, and length of wing and tail fork), and nuclear DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2018a) recover them as monophyletic. Earlier suggestions of non-monophyly based on a short section of mitochondrial DNA (Fuchs et al. 2017b) appear to be the result of mitochondrial DNA capture in <em>divaricatus </em>west of Lake Chad.","lowland to lower montane savanna and open woodland, and other open habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa (except primary rainforest)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103710902","fotdro5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fotdro5","avibase-11FE7313",null,null,"South Africa, restricted to Duwyenshoek River, southern Cape Province by Clancey (1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 76, p. 85).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234855#page/410/mode/1up","Corvus adsimilis"],["19335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus adsimilis adsimilis","(Bechstein, 1794)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 2, th.1 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern South Africa (southwestern Western Cape northward to southern Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal), Lesotho, and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C0C4BC3",null,null,"South Africa, restricted to Duwyenshoek River, southern Cape Province by Clancey (1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 76, p. 85).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234855#page/410/mode/1up","Corvus adsimilis"],["19336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus adsimilis fugax","Peters, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uganda and Kenya to northern KwaZulu-Natal and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40504A3F",null,null,"Tete and Inhambane.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/144/mode/1up","Dicrurus fugax"],["19337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus adsimilis jubaensis","Van Someren, 1931","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 9 (37) (1930) p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E07319A3",null,null,"Juba River; upper reaches.","New races of Birds from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204477#page/316/mode/1up","Dicrurus adsimilis jubaensis"],["19338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus adsimilis apivorus","Clancey, 1976","Durban Museum Novitates 11, no.4 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon and adjacent Republic of the Congo, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, northern and western Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, and northern South Africa (northern Northern Cape to Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81BF9AAD",null,null,"circa 29 km S of Otjiwarongo, northern South West Africa, elev. c. 1876 m","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 44. Further on the nominate subspecies of Dicrurus adsimilis (Bechstein), 1794: Duiwenhok R., Swellendam, south-western Cape.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2233","Dicrurus adsimilis apivorus"],["19339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus adsimilis divaricatus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania southward to Guinea, eastward to southeastern Niger and northeastern Nigeria (Lake Chad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-029CA2E9",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/73/mode/1up","Muscicapa divaricata"],["19340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus adsimilis lugubris","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.s p.39, pl.8, fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Chad (Lake Chad) eastward to Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia, southward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51538CC5",null,null,"From The Dongala Province Of Ethiopia Near Ambukohl",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/49/mode/1up","Edolius lugubris"],["19341","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus fuscipennis","(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1887)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.2, no.5 p.225","Grande Comore Drongo","Grande Comore Drongo","Comoro Drongo",null,null,"Grand Comoro (western Indian Ocean)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706947","comdro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comdro1","avibase-07612BDC",null,null,"Grand Comoro Island.","Observations sur quelques espèces d'oiseaux récemment découverts dans l'île de la Grande-Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103684#page/231/mode/1up","Buchanga atra var. fuscipennis"],["19342","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.588","Black Drongo","Black Drongo","Black Drongo",null,null,"eastern Arabian Peninsula, southeastern Iran, and northeastern Afghanistan and Pakistan southward to Sri Lanka and eastward through northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula, southern Japan, Taiwan, southeastern Asia through Malayan Peninsula, and disjunctly Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706961","bladro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bladro1","avibase-D90F9B0B",null,null,"Type locality restricted to Orissa by Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2 ed., 2, p. 356; changed to Madras City by Vaurie (1949, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 93, p. 237).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/608/mode/1up","Dicrurus macrocercus"],["19343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus albirictus","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iran to Afghanistan and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40157174",null,null,"Nepal.","On some new species of the Edolian and Ceblepyrine subfamilies of the Laniidae of Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/342/mode/1up","Bhuchanga albirictus"],["19344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus macrocercus","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.588",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAEE5D86",null,null,"Type locality restricted to Orissa by Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2 ed., 2, p. 356; changed to Madras City by Vaurie (1949, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 93, p. 237).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/608/mode/1up","Dicrurus macrocercus"],["19345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus minor","Blyth, 1850","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 19, no.3 p.225,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-122D4B85",null,null,"Ceylon.","Remarks on the modes of variation of nearly affined species or races of Birds, chiefly inhabitants of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124004#page/249/mode/1up","Dicrurus minor"],["19346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus cathoecus","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and eastern China, Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Indochina; northern populations migrate southward to southeastern China, Indochina, Thailand, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, northwestern Borneo, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41E040D5",null,null,"'China, Hainan, Formosa.' Type locality restricted to South China by Hartert (1921, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 3, p. 2017).","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/473/mode/1up","Dicrurus cathoecus"],["19347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus thai","Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, central Thailand, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CFF0C0D",null,null,"Koh Lak, southwestern Siam.","New and little known Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/224/mode/1up","Dicrurus macrocercus thai"],["19348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus harterti","Stuart Baker, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.292 ?",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68ACA170",null,null,"Tai-peh, Formosa.","Some notes on the Dicruridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/327/mode/1up","Dicrurus ater harterti"],["19349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus macrocercus javanus","Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31F9FF89",null,null,"Badjoelmati, Besoeki, eastern Java.","New and little known Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/224/mode/1up","Dicrurus macrocercus javanus"],["19350","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus modestus","Hartlaub, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.495","Velvet-mantled Drongo","Velvet-mantled Drongo","Velvet-mantled Drongo","2025-0700","Although sometimes treated as a monotypic species, taxon <em>atactus</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Dicrurus modestus</em> (polytypic) based on evidence of intergradation between subspecies <em>atactus</em> and <em>coracinus</em>. Genetic evidence is contradictory; although mitochondrial DNA data suggest non-monophyly of <em>D. modestus sensu lato</em> (Fuchs et al. 2017b, 2018a), this is not supported by nuclear DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2018a); further research investigating levels of gene flow would be informative.","lowland to lower montane primary and mature secondary forest from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria, and Bioko and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea), to southwestern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103710940","vemdro6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vemdro6","avibase-5DEB4565",null,null,"Principe Island.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/531/mode/1up","Dicrurus modestus"],["19351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus modestus coracinus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko and southern Nigeria eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, far southwestern South Sudan, and western Kenya, southward to Gabon, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36328FB5",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/333/mode/1up","Dicrourus coracinus"],["19352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus modestus modestus","Hartlaub, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30438A17",null,null,"Principe Island.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/531/mode/1up","Dicrurus modestus"],["19353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus modestus atactus","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1182 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-339BF550",null,null,"Fantee, west Africa [Ghana].","A List of the Birds collected by Mr. R. P. Currie in Liberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/65/mode/1up","Dicrurus modestus atactus"],["19354","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus waldenii","Schlegel, 1865","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.86","Mayotte Drongo","Mayotte Drongo","Mayotte Drongo",null,null,"woodland of Mayotte (Comoros)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706957","maydro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maydro1","avibase-EBB4F02C",null,null,"Mayotte Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/100/mode/1up","Dicrurus waldenii"],["19355","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus aldabranus","(Ridgway, 1893)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.953 p.597","Aldabra Drongo","Aldabra Drongo","Aldabra Drongo",null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706943","alddro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alddro1","avibase-0EC8C471",null,null,"Aldabra Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/753/mode/1up","Buchanga aldabrana"],["19356","species","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus forficatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134","Crested Drongo","Crested Drongo","Crested Drongo",null,null,"Anjouan (east-central Comoros) and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706952","credro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/credro1","avibase-6B0FC56C",null,null,"southeastern Madagascar. Based on Muscicapa Madagascariensis nigra major cristata of Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 388, pl. 37, fig. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius forficatus"],["19357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus forficatus potior","(Bangs & Penard, 1922)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 8 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Anjouan (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC5855C1",null,null,"Anjouan Island, Comoros.","A new form of Edolius forficatus (Linné).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42087#page/35/mode/1up","Edolius forficatus potior"],["19358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicruridae","Drongos","Dicrurus forficatus forficatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar and Nosy Bé",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02DDF574",null,null,"southeastern Madagascar. Based on Muscicapa Madagascariensis nigra major cristata of Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 388, pl. 37, fig. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius forficatus"],["19359","family","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarchidae",null,null,"Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarch Flycatchers","Monarch-flycatchers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"monarc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monarc2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19360","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa cyanomelas [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/74/mode/1up","Trochocercus"],["19361","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus nitens","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.50","Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher","Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher","Western Crested-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to lower montane primary and secondary forest understory from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan, and southward to northern Angola and southeastern Uganda; recorded in far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707061","bhcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhcfly1","avibase-3800DCCF",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/68/mode/1up","Trochocercus nitens"],["19362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus nitens reichenowi","Sharpe, 1904","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.16 p.630",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Sierra Leone to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-104966FB",null,null,"Fantee (= Fanti), Gold Coast.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/696/mode/1up","Trochocercus reichenowi"],["19363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus nitens nitens","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria and Cameroon to Gabon, northern Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2ADECDD",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/68/mode/1up","Trochocercus nitens"],["19364","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus cyanomelas","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.473","Blue-mantled Crested Flycatcher","African Crested Flycatcher",null,"2025-1055","Taxon <em>bivittatus </em>(polytypic, including <em>vivax </em>and <em>megalolophus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Trochocercus cyanomelas</em> based on available evidence. As divergence in plumage traits and multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) are considered borderline, and vocal differences have not been identified, <em>bivittatus </em>and <em>cyanomelas </em>are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","lowland to montane forest understory, coastal thickets, and sand forest, from Uganda and southern Somalia southward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Tanzania, and Unguja (in Zanzibar), to eastern and coastal southern South Africa",null,null,null,"afcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afcfly1","avibase-15F017B7",null,null,"Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/483/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanomelas"],["19365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus cyanomelas vivax","Neave, 1909","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.4, no.20 p.129-130",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda and western Tanzania to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7FFFC1E",null,null,"Katanga. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Bunkeya, Katanga, Belgian Congo, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 431.","XV. On some new species of birds from Katanga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71907#page/155/mode/1up","Trochocercus vivax"],["19366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus cyanomelas bivittatus","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to Kenya and eastern Tanzania (including Zanzibar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE4CB18A",null,null,"Muniuni, lower Tana River, Kenya.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Trochocercus bivittatus"],["19367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus cyanomelas megalolophus","Swynnerton, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi and northern Mozambique to Zimbabwe and northeastern South Africa (eastern KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D809D784",null,null,"Jihu district, Gazaland; altitude 2,000 feet.","Exhibition of examples of two new Flycatchers from Gazaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/533/mode/1up","Trochocercus megalolophus"],["19368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus cyanomelas segregus","Clancey, 1975","Durban Museum Novitates 10 (12) p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (eastern North West to western KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54DEF538",null,null,"Entabeni Forest Reserve, Zoutpansberg, northern Transvaal.","On the endemic birds of the montane evergreen forest biome of the Transvaal.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2041","Trochocercus cyanomelas segregus"],["19369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Trochocercus cyanomelas cyanomelas","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.473",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern South Africa (west to Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3B96288",null,null,"Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/483/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanomelas"],["19370","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.973",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa caerulea [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa azurea Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/535/mode/1up","Hypothymis"],["19371","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis coelestis","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.536","Celestial Monarch","Celestial Monarch","Celestial Monarch",null,null,"Philippines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707078","celmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/celmon1","avibase-86A673A1",null,null,"Dinagat Island, Philippines.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/550/mode/1up","Hypothymis coelestis"],["19372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis coelestis coelestis","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon, Samar, Dinagat, Mindanao, Basilan, and Tawitawi; rare",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-511C2FCA",null,null,"Dinagat Island, Philippines.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/550/mode/1up","Hypothymis coelestis"],["19373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis coelestis rabori","Rand, 1970","Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society 23 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Sibuyan and Negros (rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-054DAE1B",null,null,"Besay, Bayawan, Negros Oriental, Negros Island.","Species formation in the Blue monarch flycatchers genus Hypothymis. Natural History","https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/NHBSS_023_3n_Rand_SpeciesFormationIn.pdf","Hypothymis coelestis rabori"],["19374","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis helenae","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.16","Short-crested Monarch","Short-crested Monarch","Short-crested Monarch",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group, Mindoro, West Visayas, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707074","shcmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shcmon1","avibase-9E86EF25",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/20/mode/1up","Cyanomyas Helenae"],["19375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis helenae agusanae","Rand, 1970","Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society 23 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Dinagat, and Siargao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2284676",null,null,"Balangbalang, Cabadbara, Mt. Hilonghilong, Agusan, Mindanao.","Species formation in the Blue monarch flycatchers genus Hypothymis. Natural History","https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/NHBSS_023_3n_Rand_SpeciesFormationIn.pdf","Hypothymis helenae agusanae"],["19376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis helenae helenae","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Samar, and Polillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDFB7908",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/20/mode/1up","Cyanomyas Helenae"],["19377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis helenae personata","(McGregor, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Camiguin Norte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6F65D4B",null,null,"Camiguin Island, Cagayan Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/462/mode/1up","Camiguinia personata"],["19378","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis puella","(Wallace, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.340-341","Pale-blue Monarch","Pale-blue Monarch","Pale-blue Monarch",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103715774","pabmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabmon1","avibase-289B069F",null,null,"Sula Islands and Celebes. Type from Menado ( = Manado), northern Celebes, fide Oberholser, 1911, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 39, p. 591.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/394/mode/1up","Myiagra puella"],["19379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis puella puella","(Wallace, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.340-341",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A98CDAF5",null,null,"Sula Islands and Celebes. Type from Menado ( = Manado), northern Celebes, fide Oberholser, 1911, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 39, p. 591.","List of Birds from the Sula Islands (east of Celebes), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/394/mode/1up","Myiagra puella"],["19380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis puella blasii","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.2 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11B2988D",null,null,"Sula Besi (= Sanana) and Sula Mangoli (= Mangole). Type from Sula Besi (= Sanana), fide Oberholser, 1911, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 39, p. 591.","List of a collection of birds made in the Sula Islands by William Doherty.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/147/mode/1up","Hypothymis puella blasii"],["19381","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41","Black-naped Monarch","Black-naped Monarch","Black-naped Monarch",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf forest, secondary growth, bamboo, and plantations, from Haryana and Gujarat (western India) eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar islands, Philippines, Greater Sundas, and Lesser Sundas (eastward to Alor)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103715755","blnmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnmon1","avibase-0AC5BA0A",null,null,"Philippines; restricted to Manila, Luzon, by J. L. Peters, 1939, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86, p. 112.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Muscicapa azurea"],["19382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea styani","(Hartlaub, 1899)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"India and Nepal to southern China and Indochina; Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F9ADD98",null,null,"'Hummocks,' near Hoihow (= Haik'ou), and 'Nodouha,' interior Hainan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22991#page/259/mode/1up","Siphia Styani"],["19383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea oberholseri","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BD6DC4D",null,null,"Sharaikisha, Formosa.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/315/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea oberholseri"],["19384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea ceylonensis","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E6BE722",null,null,"Kandy hills, Ceylon = Cotta (Kotte), fide Whistler, 1944, Spolia Zeylandica, 23, p. 156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/295/mode/1up","Hypothymis ceylonensis"],["19385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea tytleri","(Beavan, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.324-325",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Coco Islands (Bay of Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5757BA7D",null,null,"Port Blair, Andaman Islands.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/352/mode/1up","Myiagra tytleri"],["19386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea idiochroa","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39, no.1803 p.604",null,null,null,null,null,"Car Nicobar Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C562223",null,null,"Car Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands.","A monograph of the Flycatcher Genera Hypothymis and Cyanonympha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53443#page/758/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea idiochroa"],["19387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea nicobarica","Bianchi, 1907","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EA8A85C",null,null,"Nicobars = Nancowry, fide Ripley, 1982, Synop. Birds India Pakistan, ed. 2, p. 401.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36241#page/236/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea nicobarica"],["19388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea montana","Riley, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.16 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33541AA7",null,null,"Chiengmai, Siam = Chiang Mai, Thailand.","Descriptions of three new Birds from the mountains of Northern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/191/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea montana"],["19389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea galerita","(Deignan, 1956)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7DAE459",null,null,"Ko Kut, lat. 11° 40' N., long. 102° 35' E., Trat Province, Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/434/mode/1up","Monarcha azurea galerita"],["19390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea forrestia","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39, no.1803 p.601",null,null,null,null,null,"Mergui Archipelago (southern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C233084",null,null,"Loughborough Island, Mergui Archipelago, Tenasserim.","A monograph of the Flycatcher Genera Hypothymis and Cyanonympha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53443#page/755/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea forrestia"],["19391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea prophata","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39, no.1803 p.597",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD1D54D4",null,null,"Great Karimun Island, east coast of Sumatra.","A monograph of the Flycatcher Genera Hypothymis and Cyanonympha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53443#page/751/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea prophata"],["19392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea javana","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DFF035E",null,null,"Badjoelmati = Badjulmati, east coast of Java.","Two new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328155/two-new-malaysia-birds","Hypothymis azurea javana"],["19393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea penidae","Meise, 1942","Journal für Ornithologie 89, no.4 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"Penida Island (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CD134CF",null,null,"southern Noesa Penida; altitude 300 meters.","Über die Vogelwelt von Noesa Penida bei Bali nach einer Sammlung von Baron Viktor von Plessen.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905704","Hypothymis azurea penidae"],["19394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea karimatensis","Chasen & Kloss, 1932","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 7 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Karimata Island (off western Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACA40C02",null,null,"Serutu Island, Karimata Islands, southwestern Borneo.","Three new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328493/em-three-new-malaysian-em-birds","Hypothymis azurea karimatensis"],["19395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea opisthocyanea","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39, no.1803 p.602",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2309109B",null,null,"Pulo Piling, Anambas Islands.","A monograph of the Flycatcher Genera Hypothymis and Cyanonympha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53443#page/756/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea opisthocyanea"],["19396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea gigantoptera","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39, no.1803 p.600",null,null,null,null,null,"Natunas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D220676",null,null,"Bunguran (Natuna Besar) Island, Natuna Islands.","A monograph of the Flycatcher Genera Hypothymis and Cyanonympha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53443#page/754/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea gigantoptera"],["19397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea consobrina","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0F7529F",null,null,"Simalur (= Simeulue) Island, west coast of Sumatra.","Descriptions of eight new birds from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/225/mode/1up","Hypothymis consobrina"],["19398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea leucophila","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39, no.1803 p.607",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Archipelago (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01955762",null,null,"North Pagai Island, western Sumatra.","A monograph of the Flycatcher Genera Hypothymis and Cyanonympha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53443#page/761/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea leucophila"],["19399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea richmondi","Oberholser, 1911","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39, no.1803 p.613",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano (Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CCEC3C5",null,null,"Enggano Island, western Sumatra.","A monograph of the Flycatcher Genera Hypothymis and Cyanonympha.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53443#page/767/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea richmondi"],["19400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea abbotti","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Babi and Lasia islands (west of Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0BA1057",null,null,"Babi Island, west coast of Sumatra.","Descriptions of eight new birds from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/225/mode/1up","Hypothymis abbotti"],["19401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea symmixta","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E34F2943",null,null,"Alor.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/314/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurea symmixta"],["19402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea azurea","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FB774A2",null,null,"Philippines; restricted to Manila, Luzon, by J. L. Peters, 1939, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86, p. 112.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Muscicapa azurea"],["19403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea aeria","Bangs & Peters, 1927","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"Maratua Islands (off Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07DB8CF3",null,null,"Maratua Island.","Birds from Maratua Island, off the east coast of Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/277/mode/1up","Hypothymis aeria"],["19404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Hypothymis azurea catarmanensis","Rand & Rabor, 1969","Fieldiana Zoology 51 (13) p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Camiguin Sur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA4BC4D3",null,null,"Catarman Mountain, Catarman, Camiguin South, Philippine Islands; altitude 4,950 feet.","New birds from Camiguin South, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20901#page/11/mode/1up","Hypothymis azurae catarmanensis"],["19405","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone","Gloger, 1827","Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde 16 col.278",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus paradisi [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15 (1826), p. 25).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46990#page/155/mode/1up","Terpsiphone"],["19406","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone cinnamomea","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.328 pl.48 fig.1","Rufous Paradise Flycatcher","Rufous Paradise-Flycatcher",null,"2025-1057","Taxon <em>unirufa </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Terpsiphone cinnamomea</em> based on available evidence. Plumages are variable, reported vocal differences have not been substantiated, and divergence in mitochondrial and multilocus DNA datasets is borderline (Fabre et al. 2012; Andersen et al. 2015b); further research needed.","humid forest and woodland in most islands of the Philippines (including the Sulu Archipelago) and in Talaud Islands (northern Indonesia)",null,null,null,"rupfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rupfly1","avibase-41188242",null,null,"Isabela de Basilan, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/450/mode/1up","Zeocephus cinnamomeus"],["19407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone cinnamomea unirufa","Salomonsen, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58, no.407 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon to Negros, possibly extirpated on latter)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B5524EA",null,null,"Philippine Islands = Cataguan, Luzon, fide Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4, p. 343.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/51/mode/1up","Terpsiphone unirufa"],["19408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone cinnamomea cinnamomea","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.328 pl.48 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Basilan, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEAD20C5",null,null,"Isabela de Basilan, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/450/mode/1up","Zeocephus cinnamomeus"],["19409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone cinnamomea talautensis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.3 p.243-244",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (Karakelong, Salebabu, and Kaburuang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E90218F5",null,null,"Kaburuang and Salebabu Islands, Talaud Archipelago.","Ueber eine erste Sammlung von Vögeln von den Talaut Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/253/mode/1up","Zeocephus talautensis"],["19410","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone cyanescens","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.328 pl.48 fig.2","Blue Paradise Flycatcher","Blue Paradise-Flycatcher","Blue Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Calamian Group and Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707161","blpfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blpfly1","avibase-8BEC2BCA",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/450/mode/1up","Zeocephus cyanescens"],["19411","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone floris","Büttikofer, 1894","Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3 p.293, pl. 18, fig. 1-3","Tenggara Paradise Flycatcher","Tenggara Paradise-Flycatcher","Nusa Tenggara Paradise-flycatcher","2025-1056","Taxon <em>floris </em>(polytypic, including <em>sumbaensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Terpsiphone affinis</em> based on differences in plumage and informal assessment of vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021), supported by divergence in multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b). However, divergence across all three datasets is considered borderline and further research is needed to affirm this split.","western Lesser Sundas including Sumba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103716124","blypaf3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blypaf3","avibase-18D4C1C6",null,null,"Reo, Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184543#page/335/mode/1up","Terpsiphone floris"],["19412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone floris sumbaensis","Meyer, 1894","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.90-91",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (central Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-340D960A",null,null,"Sumba.","Beschreibung einiger neuen Vögel aus dem Ostindischen Archipel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/100/mode/1up","Terpsiphone sumbaensis"],["19413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone floris floris","Büttikofer, 1894","Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3 p.293, pl. 18, fig. 1-3",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Alor, Besar, Lomblen, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13E05990",null,null,"Reo, Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184543#page/335/mode/1up","Terpsiphone floris"],["19414","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.292-294","Blyth's Paradise Flycatcher","Blyth's Paradise-Flycatcher","Oriental Paradise-flycatcher","2025-1056","Taxon <em>floris </em>(polytypic, including <em>sumbaensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Terpsiphone affinis</em> based on differences in plumage and informal assessment of vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021), supported by divergence in multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b). However, divergence across all three datasets is considered borderline and further research is needed to affirm this split.","lowland to foothill broadleafforest, old plantations, and mangroves, from eastern Nepal eastward to Vietnam, and southward through Indochina to central Nicobar Islands, and Greater Sundas and satellite islands; Himalayan populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103716095","blypaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blypaf1","avibase-763511B2",null,null,"Malay Peninsula.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/420/mode/1up","Tch[itrea] affinis"],["19415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis saturatior","(Salomonsen, 1933)","Ibis ser.13, vol.3, no.4 p.732",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in the eastern Himalayas, northeastern India (Assam), and Bangladesh; winters at lower elevations, but nonbreeding range poorly known: often reported to winter to Malayan Peninsula, but perhaps only a vagrant that far south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B834724D",null,null,"Buxa Duars, Bhutan.","Revision of the Group Tchitrea affinis Blyth.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1933.tb03360.x","Tchitrea affinis saturatior"],["19416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis nicobarica","Oates, 1890","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45A0BAD7",null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34615#page/62/mode/1up","Terpsiphone nicobarica"],["19417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis burmae","(Salomonsen, 1933)","Ibis ser.13, vol.3, no.4 p.736",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E404958",null,null,"Kani, Lower Chindwin.","Revision of the Group Tchitrea affinis Blyth.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1933.tb03360.x","Tchitrea affinis burmae"],["19418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis indochinensis","(Salomonsen, 1933)","Ibis ser.13, vol.3, no.4 p.734",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan) to southern Thailand and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-418F1E48",null,null,"Angkor, Cambodia.","Revision of the Group Tchitrea affinis Blyth.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1933.tb03360.x","Tchitrea affinis indochinensis"],["19419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis affinis","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.292-294",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Riau, and Lingga Archipelagos, Bangka, Belitung, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2DA8B16",null,null,"Malay Peninsula.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/420/mode/1up","Tch[itrea] affinis"],["19420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis procera","(Richmond, 1903)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.510-511",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E36FC0D",null,null,"Simalur (= Simeulue) Island, west coast of Sumatra.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/570/mode/1up","Tchitrea procera"],["19421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis insularis","Salvadori, 1887","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.539",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-190036E3",null,null,"Sendrekeasi, Lelemboli, Nias Island; near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/561/mode/1up","Terpsiphone insularis"],["19422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone affinis borneensis","(Hartert, 1916)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAD640EA",null,null,"Bejalong, Sarawak.","Description of a new Paradise Flycatcher from Sarawak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/281/mode/1up","Tchitrea paradisi borneensis"],["19423","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone incei","(Gould, 1852)","The birds of Asia pl.and text","Amur Paradise Flycatcher","Amur Paradise-Flycatcher","Chinese Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"breeds central to northeastern China and Japan; winters to Thailand, Indochina, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103716012","amupaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amupaf1","avibase-D293082B",null,null,"Shanghai",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118636#page/85/mode/1up","Muscipeta Incei"],["19424","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone atrocaudata","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.102","Black Paradise Flycatcher","Black Paradise-Flycatcher","Japanese Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, riparian woodland, and plantations, from South Korea and Japan (Honshu to Yaeyama Islands) southward to Taiwan and Batanes Islands (far northern Philippines); most populations migrate southward to Sumatra, Malayan Peninsula, and northern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707151","japfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japfly1","avibase-11453A98",null,null,"Malaya (erroneously said to be error for Japan, Ornith. Soc. Japan, 1974, Check-list Japanese Birds, ed. 5, p. 277).","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/632/mode/1up","Muscipeta atrocaudata"],["19425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone atrocaudata atrocaudata","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds South Korea and Japan (Honshu southward to Yakushima); winters Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-321833CB",null,null,"Malaya (erroneously said to be error for Japan, Ornith. Soc. Japan, 1974, Check-list Japanese Birds, ed. 5, p. 277).","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/632/mode/1up","Muscipeta atrocaudata"],["19426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone atrocaudata illex","Bangs, 1901","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 36, no.8 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Ryukyu Islands from Tokara Islands southward to Yaeyama Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16D1C92C",null,null,"Ishigaki Island, southern Ryukyus.","On a collection of birds from the Liu Kiu Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21824#page/422/mode/1up","Terpsiphone illex"],["19427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone atrocaudata periophthalmica","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Lan-yü Island (southeast of Taiwan) and the Batanes (Itbayat, Batan, Ivojos, and Sabtang), northernmost Philippines; winters in Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, and Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F485BEE",null,null,"Batan, fide Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Islands, 2, p. 326.","[Description of two new species and a new genus of birds from the Philippine Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/244/mode/1up","Callaeops periophthalmica"],["19428","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone bourbonnensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.171","Mascarene Paradise Flycatcher","Mascarene Paradise-Flycatcher","Mascarene Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"Réunion and Mauritius (western and central Mascarenes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707140","mapfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mapfly2","avibase-3E4F1ABF",null,null,"Bourbon Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/191/mode/1up","Muscicapa bourbonnensis"],["19429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone bourbonnensis bourbonnensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Réunion (Mascarene Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2429EB6E",null,null,"Bourbon Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/191/mode/1up","Muscicapa bourbonnensis"],["19430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone bourbonnensis desolata","(Salomonsen, 1933)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 3 p.613, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritius (Mascarene Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADA0F186",null,null,"Mauritius.","Les Gobe-Mouches de Paradis de la région Malgache.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311320#page/635/mode/1up","Tchitrea desolata"],["19431","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone paradisi","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107","Indian Paradise Flycatcher","Indian Paradise-Flycatcher","Indian Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane deciduous forest, open woodland, and plantations, from southern Kazakhstan and eastern Afghanistan eastward to western Myanmar, and southward to Sri Lanka; northern populations migrate southward to southern Pakistan, southern India, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103715992","aspfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aspfly1","avibase-71AE2656",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Corvus paradisi"],["19432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone paradisi leucogaster","(Swainson, 1838)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.205, pl. 24",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3BBF715",null,null,"India = Simla, fide Kinnear, 1929, Ibis, p. 131.","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/297/mode/1up","Muscipeta leucogaster"],["19433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone paradisi paradisi","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern India; winters to Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4826EFE",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Corvus paradisi"],["19434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone paradisi ceylonensis","(Zarudny & Härms, 1912)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.60,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-000E6570",null,null,"Colombo, Ceylon.","Bemerkung über den Paradiesfliegenschnäpper aus Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/78/mode/1up","Tchitrea paradisi ceylonensis"],["19435","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone atrochalybeia","(Thomson, 1842)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.10 p.204","Sao Tome Paradise Flycatcher","Sao Tome Paradise-Flycatcher","Sao Tome Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707115","stpfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stpfly1","avibase-5E520F9D",null,null,"Fernando Po; error: São Tome.","XXXIII. Description of a new species of Genetta, and of two species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19565#page/238/mode/1up","Tchitrea atrochalybeia"],["19436","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone mutata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.325","Malagasy Paradise Flycatcher","Malagasy Paradise-Flycatcher","Madagascar Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"Comoros and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707126","mapfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mapfly1","avibase-A3A90C35",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/329/mode/1up","Muscicapa mutata"],["19437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone mutata mutata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2FA9721",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/329/mode/1up","Muscicapa mutata"],["19438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone mutata pretiosa","(Lesson, 1847)","Description de mammiferes et d'oiseaux récemment découverts, precédée d'un tableau sur les races humaines p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"Mayotte (Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33F0361C",null,null,"Mayotte Island.",null,null,"Tchitrea pretiosa"],["19439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone mutata vulpina","(Newton, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.298-299, pl. XXXIII, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Anjouan (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3278871",null,null,"Anjuan Island [=Nzwani], Comoro Islands","On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Anjuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/392/mode/1up","Tchitrea vulpina"],["19440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone mutata voeltzkowiana","Stresemann, 1924","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 32 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Mohéli (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB5132E1",null,null,"Moheli, Comoro Islands.","Terpsiphone mutata voeltzkowiana subsp. n..","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447528&seq=32","Terpsiphone mutata voeltzkowiana"],["19441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone mutata comorensis","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB7B41F4",null,null,"Grand Comoro.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/228/mode/1up","Terpsiphone comorensis"],["19442","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone corvina","(Newton, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.345","Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher","Seychelles Paradise-Flycatcher","Seychelles Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"La Digue and Marianne (northeastern Inner Islands, northeastern Seychelles)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707133","sepfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sepfly1","avibase-0CD6A922",null,null,"Praslin Island, Seychelles.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from the Seychelles Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/367/mode/1up","Tchitrea corvina"],["19443","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.53","Red-bellied Paradise Flycatcher","Red-bellied Paradise-Flycatcher","Red-bellied Paradise-flycatcher","2025-1058","Taxon <em>smithii </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Terpsiphone rufiventer</em> based on available evidence. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) recovered <em>smithii </em>embedded within <em>rufiventer </em>and differences in plumage are no more pronounced than some other subspecies in this complex. A comprehensive genomic review, supported by phenotypic and vocal data, is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","lowland to montane primary and secondary forest, coastal scrub, and plantations, from Senegambia eastward through southern Cameroon, and Bioko and Annobón (Gulf of Guinea), to western Kenya and far northwestern Tanzania, and southward to northern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and adjacent Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731073","bhpfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhpfly1","avibase-0EDEEB49",null,null,"west coast of Africa; restricted to Senegal by Meise, 1968, Zool. Beitr., N. F., 14, p. 14.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/59/mode/1up","Muscipeta rufiventer"],["19444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer rufiventer","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Gambia to Guinea-Bissau and western Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A8B1C16",null,null,"west coast of Africa; restricted to Senegal by Meise, 1968, Zool. Beitr., N. F., 14, p. 14.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/59/mode/1up","Muscipeta rufiventer"],["19445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer nigriceps","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Togo and southwestern Benin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E643CBF2",null,null,"Guinea.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/367/mode/1up","Muscipeta nigriceps"],["19446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer fagani","(Bannerman, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Benin and southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11D1C181",null,null,"Iju waterworks, near Lagos, southern Nigeria.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Paradise Flycatcher.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/250/mode/1up","Tchitrea fagani"],["19447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer tricolor","(Fraser, 1843)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.12, no.78 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FC1C07B",null,null,"Clarence (= Malabo), Fernando Po.","Proceedings of Learned Societies. Zoological Society. Dec. 27, 1842.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19370#page/489/mode/1up","Muscipeta (Tchitrea) tricolor"],["19448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer neumanni","Stresemann, 1924","Journal für Ornithologie 72, no.2 p.259, note 3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to southern Cameroon, Gabon, Cabinda, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D19FC3D",null,null,"Attogondama, southern Cameroon.","Mutationsstudien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905632","Terpsiphone tricolor neumanni"],["19449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer schubotzi","(Reichenow, 1911)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Cameroon and southwestern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80F5E34B",null,null,"Bangui, lower Ubangi River, Ubangi-Shari = Central African Republic.","Neue Arten aus Afrika und Neuguinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/98/mode/1up","Tchitrea schubotzi"],["19450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer mayombe","(Chapin, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lukolela, Mayombe, and Ubangi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DE14F2E",null,null,"Ganda Sundi, Mayombe district, Belgian Congo.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Tchitrea smithii mayombe"],["19451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer somereni","Chapin, 1948","Evolution. The International Journal of Organic Evolution 2 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B27C3020",null,null,"Budongo Forest, Uganda.","Variation and hybridization among the Paradise Flycatchers of Africa. Evolution : International",null,"Terpsiphone rufiventer somereni"],["19452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer emini","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Uganda to far western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A778651",null,null,"Bukoba, Tanganyika.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/45/mode/1up","Terpsiphone emini"],["19453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer ignea","(Reichenow, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.2 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Central African Republic to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-821FF47A",null,null,"Angola; restricted to eastern Lunda district by Meise, 1968, Zool. Beitr., N. F., 14, p. 11.","[Beschreibungen einige afrikanische Fliegenfänger].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/295/mode/1up","Tchitrea ignea"],["19454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufiventer smithii","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.122 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Annobón (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C3F7B19",null,null,"Western Africa.","Description of two new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/402/mode/1up","Muscipeta Smithii"],["19455","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone rufocinerea","Cabanis, 1875","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.236","Rufous-vented Paradise Flycatcher","Rufous-vented Paradise-Flycatcher","Rufous-vented Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland primary and secondary forest, gallery and coastal forest, plantations, and mangroves, from southwestern Cameroon southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103716188","rvpfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rvpfly1","avibase-B05E0721",null,null,"Tschintschoscho (= Chinchoxo), Portuguese Congo (= Cabinda).","[Über die neuerdings eingegangene dritte Sendung des Dr. Falkenstein].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/248/mode/1up","Terpsiphone rufocinerea"],["19456","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.171","African Paradise Flycatcher","African Paradise-Flycatcher","African Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland throughout sub-Saharan Africa (except Namib and Kalahari deserts and western South Africa), also resident in southern Arabian Peninsula; seasonal migration locally throughout Africa, including to coastal western South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707108","afpfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afpfly1","avibase-75AAC17B",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/191/mode/1up","Muscicapa viridis"],["19457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis harterti","(Meinertzhagen, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arabian peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99DF612D",null,null,"Wasil, Yemen; altitude 4,000 ft.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/564/mode/1up","Tchitrea viridis harterti"],["19458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis viridis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Gambia to Sierra Leone",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96294115",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/191/mode/1up","Muscicapa viridis"],["19459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis speciosa","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon southward to northeastern Angola, eastward to Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C7000C2",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/66/mode/1up","Muscipeta speciosa"],["19460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis ferreti","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali and Ivory Coast to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33E2C741",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Oiseaux nouveaux d'Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/170/mode/1up","Tchitrea Ferreti"],["19461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis restricta","(Salomonsen, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Victoria region of western Kenya and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8E4BADA",null,null,"Nkose Island, Lake Victoria.","Description of a new African Paradise Flycatcher from Victoria Nyanza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/84/mode/1up","Tchitrea viridis restricta"],["19462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis kivuensis","Salomonsen, 1949","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 43, Hefte 1, Fra Zoologisk Museum XI p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Uganda to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6943666D",null,null,"Kibati, Kivu, Belgian Congo; altitude 1,900 meters.","To nye afrikanske Paradisfluesnappere (Terpsiphone). (Two New African Paradise-Flycatchers (Terpsiphone).).","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1600/download/doft-43-1949-84-90-fra-zoologisk-museum-xi-to-nye-afrikanske-paradisfluesnappere-terpsiphone","Terpsiphone viridis kivuensis"],["19463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis suahelica","Reichenow, 1898","Die mittleren Hochländer des nördlichen Deutsch Ost-Afrika (etc.) p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B9462EA",null,null,"Mpondi (= Mponde) River, German East Africa. Type in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. 1",null,null,"Terpsiphone perspicillata suahelica"],["19464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis ungujaensis","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1947)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania to Zambia; Zanzibar, Pemba Island, and Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDE0C5EE",null,null,"Zanzibar.","New Races of a Paradise Flycatcher, Apalis and Eremomela from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/68/mode/1up","Tchitrea perspicillata ungujaensis"],["19465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis plumbeiceps","Reichenow, 1898","Die mittleren Hochländer des nördlichen Deutsch Ost-Afrika (etc.) p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to western Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Tanzania, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11A551F0",null,null,"no locality; type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Malanje, Angola, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 434.",null,null,"Terpsiphone plumbeiceps"],["19466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone viridis granti","(Roberts, 1948)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"KwaZulu-Natal to southwestern Cape Province; winters to southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31FB5C1F",null,null,"Duiwehoks River, Cape Province, ex Levaillant",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/169/mode/1up","Tchitrea granti"],["19467","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone bedfordi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.40","Bedford's Paradise Flycatcher","Bedford's Paradise-Flycatcher","Bedford's Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill evergreen forest, and transitional forest, in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and disjunctly in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707096","bepfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bepfly1","avibase-6E2957C6",null,null,"Mawambi, eastern Congo Free State; altitude 3,000 feet.","Description of five new species from the Congo Forest.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/464/mode/1up","Trochocercus bedfordi"],["19468","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone batesi","Chapin, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.7 p.6","Bates's Paradise Flycatcher","Bates's Paradise-Flycatcher","Bates's Paradise-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest from southern Cameroon eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward through eastern Gabon to northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103716224","batpaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batpaf1","avibase-67C09E17",null,null,"Medje, northern Ituri district, Belgian Congo.","Description of four new birds from the Belgian Congo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4550/","Terpsiphone batesi"],["19469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone batesi batesi","Chapin, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.7 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon and Gabon to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-076A8328",null,null,"Medje, northern Ituri district, Belgian Congo.","Description of four new birds from the Belgian Congo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4550/","Terpsiphone batesi"],["19470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Terpsiphone batesi bannermani","Chapin, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo (lower Congo River) and Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C35BA34",null,null,"Ngara, Cuanza Sul, Angola.","Two new passerine birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/15/mode/1up","Terpsiphone rufocinerea bannermani"],["19471","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Grallina","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Grallina melanoleuca [Vieillot, 1816]; type by monotypy = Corvus cyanoleucus Latham, 1801.",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f48.item","Grallina"],["19472","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Grallina bruijnii","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.929","Torrent-lark","Torrent-lark","Torrent-lark",null,null,"swift-flowing mountain streams of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707429","torlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/torlar1","avibase-DDA62908",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/935/mode/1up","Grallina bruijni"],["19473","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Grallina cyanoleuca","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxv","Magpie-lark","Magpie-lark","Magpie-lark",null,null,"far southern Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea) and Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707425","maglar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maglar1","avibase-40BC6550",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/31/mode/1up","C[orvus] cyanoleucus"],["19474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Grallina cyanoleuca cyanoleuca","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxv",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia excluding tropics, western deserts and Tasmania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AEB6338",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/31/mode/1up","C[orvus] cyanoleucus"],["19475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Grallina cyanoleuca neglecta","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC570753",null,null,"Parry's Creek, North-West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/396/mode/1up","Grallina cyanoleuca neglecta"],["19476","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa telescophthalmus [Lesson & Garnot, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 31).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/425/mode/1up","Arses"],["19477","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses insularis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.395","Ochre-collared Monarch","Ochre-collared Monarch","Ochre-collared Monarch",null,null,"lowlands of northern New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707348","rucmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucmon1","avibase-F25F2B9A",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi (= Japen).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/429/mode/1up","Monarcha insularis"],["19478","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses telescopthalmus","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 livr.5 pl.18 fig.1","Frilled Monarch","Frilled Monarch","Frilled Monarch",null,null,"New Guinea region and Boigu (Torres Strait islands, northeastern Queensland, far northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103712805","frimon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frimon1","avibase-8FCA9FAC",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/45/mode/1up","Muscicapa telescopthalmus"],["19479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses telescopthalmus batantae","Sharpe, 1879","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo and Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83F9053E",null,null,"Batanta Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/33/mode/1up","Arses batantae"],["19480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses telescopthalmus telescopthalmus","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 livr.5 pl.18 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Salawati and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8F7BE8C",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/45/mode/1up","Muscicapa telescopthalmus"],["19481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses telescopthalmus aruensis","Sharpe, 1879","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-364A9ABC",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/34/mode/1up","Arses aruensis"],["19482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses telescopthalmus harterti","van Oort, 1909","Nova Guinea 9 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Mimika River to Purari River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B4BFD47",null,null,"Noord River, southern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124820#page/147/mode/1up","Arses telescophthalmus harterti"],["19483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses telescopthalmus henkei","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 p.16 pl.3 fig.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern (Huon Peninsula) and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B7B0F35",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127804#page/24/mode/1up","Arses Henkei"],["19484","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses lorealis","De Vis, 1895","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.2, vol.10, pt.1 p.171","Frill-necked Monarch","Frill-necked Monarch","Frill-necked Monarch",null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103712825","frnmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frnmon1","avibase-C468414C",null,null,"Cape York.","Description of a Flycatcher, presumably new.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185261#page/185/mode/1up","Arses lorealis"],["19485","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses kaupi","Gould, 1851","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.,text","Pied Monarch","Pied Monarch","Pied Monarch",null,null,"eastern Cape York Peninsula (except northern), northeastern Queensland (northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707351","piemon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piemon1","avibase-1AE95762",null,null,"north coast of Australia = Cairns, Queensland, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 323.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/53/mode/1up","Arses kaupi"],["19486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses kaupi terraereginae","Campbell, 1895","Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria n.s., 7 p.25,26",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region north of Black Mountain, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AF9ACBB",null,null,"Bloomfield River, about 50 miles s. of Cooktown, n. Queensland",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35264#page/41/mode/1up","Arses terraereginae"],["19487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Arses kaupi kaupi","Gould, 1851","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region south of Black Mountain, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54469982",null,null,"north coast of Australia = Cairns, Queensland, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 323.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189274#page/53/mode/1up","Arses kaupi"],["19488","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiagra rubeculoides [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 32). = Todus rubecula Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/259/mode/1up","Myiagra"],["19489","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra azureocapilla","Layard, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.20 p.434","Azure-crested Flycatcher","Azure-crested Flycatcher","Azure-crested Flycatcher",null,null,"Fiji (montane forest of Taveuni)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103711173","blcfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcfly2","avibase-D37D32F3",null,null,"Taveuni, Fiji Islands.","Description of a new Flycatcher belonging to the Genus Myiagra, and Notes on some other Fijian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/474/mode/1up","Myiagra azureocapilla"],["19490","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra castaneigularis","Layard, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.24 p.389-390","Chestnut-throated Flycatcher","Chestnut-throated Flycatcher","Chestnut-throated Flycatcher",null,null,"north-central and western Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103711188","chtfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtfly1","avibase-9B34EDF7",null,null,"Kandi = Mbua, Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands.","Description of a new Species of Flycatcher (Myiagra) from the Fijis, and some Remarks on the Distribution of the Birds found in those Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/417/mode/1up","Myiagra castaneigularis"],["19491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra castaneigularis castaneigularis","Layard, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.24 p.389-390",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (montane forest of Vanua Levu and Kabara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B30ED512",null,null,"Kandi = Mbua, Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands.","Description of a new Species of Flycatcher (Myiagra) from the Fijis, and some Remarks on the Distribution of the Birds found in those Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/417/mode/1up","Myiagra castaneigularis"],["19492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra castaneigularis whitneyi","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.651 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (montane forest of Viti Levu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B30AF968",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 25. Notes on the genera Myiagra and Mayrornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3905/","Myiagra azureocapilla whitneyi"],["19493","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.72, vol.3 pl.430 fig.1,text","Shining Flycatcher","Shining Flycatcher","Shining Flycatcher",null,null,"Moluccas to Bismarck Archipelago and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707409","shifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shifly1","avibase-CE626FAD",null,null,"'Celebes'; error: Ternate, Moluccas, fide Rothschild and Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, pp. 315-316.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/195/mode/1up","Drymophila alecto"],["19494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto alecto","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.72, vol.3 pl.430 fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4A19BCD",null,null,"'Celebes'; error: Ternate, Moluccas, fide Rothschild and Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, pp. 315-316.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/195/mode/1up","Drymophila alecto"],["19495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto longirostris","(Mathews, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Arafura Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5681A2D",null,null,"Larat, Timorlaut = Tanimbar.","Descriptions of new races of Flycatchers from the Papuan Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/133/mode/1up","Piezorhynchus alecto longirostris"],["19496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto rufolateralis","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.176-177",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (southwest of New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13377F2D",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/242/mode/1up","Piezorhynchus rufolateralis"],["19497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto chalybeocephala","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 pl.15, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including western Papuan and Cenderawasih Bay islands, northeastern satellite islands, and Bismarck Archipelago from Manus eastward through New Britain and satellites",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0862BCA7",null,null,"Port Praslin, New Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/39/mode/1up","Muscicapa chalybeocephalus"],["19498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto lucida","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B63B37D",null,null,"Sudest (= Tagula) Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/242/mode/1up","Myiagra lucida"],["19499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto manumudari","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1915)","Novitates Zoologicae 22, no.1 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Manam Island (New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFAA660D",null,null,"Vulcan or Manumudar (= Manam) Island.","The birds of Vulcan Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22360#page/59/mode/1up","Monarcha chalybeocephalus manumudari"],["19500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto melvillensis","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.2 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD2D35C7",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory. Nee Myiagra rubecula melvillensis Mathews, 1912.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/60/mode/1up","Monarcha alecto melvillensis"],["19501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra alecto wardelli","(Mathews, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea, northeastern Australia (Torres Strait Islands, eastern Queensland southward to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3916D6C5",null,null,"Cooktown, Queensland.","Descriptions of six new species and subspecies of Australian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/127/mode/1up","Piezorhynchus nitidus wardelli"],["19502","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra hebetior","(Hartert, 1924)","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.270","Mussau Flycatcher","Mussau Flycatcher","Mussau Flycatcher","2025-1050","Taxon <em>eichhorni </em>(polytypic, including <em>cervinicolor</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Myiagra hebetior</em> based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, behavior, and genetics. Although <em>cervinicolor </em>is sometimes split as a species, multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) show it to be closely related to <em>eichhorni</em>. As genetic data for nominate <em>hebetior </em>is lacking, a more thorough genetic review of the complex is warranted.","St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103711371","dulfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dulfly2","avibase-F33032D8",null,null,"St. Matthias (= Mussau) Island.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/366/mode/1up","Monarcha hebetior"],["19503","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra eichhorni","(Hartert, 1924)","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.271","Velvet Flycatcher","Velvet Flycatcher",null,"2025-1050","Taxon <em>eichhorni </em>(polytypic, including <em>cervinicolor</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Myiagra hebetior</em> based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, behavior, and genetics. Although <em>cervinicolor </em>is sometimes split as a species, multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) show it to be closely related to <em>eichhorni</em>. As genetic data for nominate <em>hebetior </em>is lacking, a more thorough genetic review of the complex is warranted.","New Hanover, New Ireland, Dyaul, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,"velfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/velfly1","avibase-13696ACB",null,null,"New Hanover.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/367/mode/1up","Monarcha hebetior eichhorni"],["19504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra eichhorni eichhorni","(Hartert, 1924)","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA6E8F69",null,null,"New Hanover.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/367/mode/1up","Monarcha hebetior eichhorni"],["19505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra eichhorni cervinicolor","(Salomonsen, 1964)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 14, nr. 1, Noona Dan papers no.9 p.14-18",null,null,null,null,null,"Dyaul (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC87EEDE",null,null,"Sumuna, Dyaul Island.","Some remarkable new birds from Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago, with zoogeographical notes.",null,"Monarcha hebetior cervinicolor"],["19506","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra erythrops","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.6","Palau Flycatcher","Palau Flycatcher","Palau Flycatcher",null,null,"mangroves and lowlands of Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707358","palfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palfly3","avibase-EE035E28",null,null,"Pelew (= Palau) Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/34/mode/1up","Myiagra erythrops"],["19507","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ruficollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.13","Broad-billed Flycatcher","Broad-billed Flycatcher","Broad-billed Flycatcher",null,null,"Lesser Sundas, Tanimbar Islands (southern Moluccas), southern New Guinea, and northeastern Western Australia to northeastern Queensland (northern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707400","brbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbfly1","avibase-EAF37025",null,null,"'Nouvelle Hollande'; error: Timor, fide Mathews, 1921, Birds Australia, 9, p. 54.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/21/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos ruficollis"],["19508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ruficollis ruficollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas and small islands in Flores Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DED404FA",null,null,"'Nouvelle Hollande'; error: Timor, fide Mathews, 1921, Birds Australia, 9, p. 54.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/21/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos ruficollis"],["19509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ruficollis fulviventris","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.51, p. 54-55",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat, Yamdena, and Selaru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-109384D9",null,null,"Larat, Tenimber (= Tanimbar) Islands.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/105/mode/1up","Myiagra fulviventris"],["19510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ruficollis mimikae","Ogilvie-Grant, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, including offshore islands, coastal northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Yeppoon, eastern Queensland, western Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F1032D4",null,null,"mouth of the Mimika River, New Guinea.","Descriptions of species of birds from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/54/mode/1up","Myiagra mimikae"],["19511","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra inquieta","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xl","Restless Flycatcher","Restless Flycatcher","Restless Flycatcher",null,null,"eastern and southern Australia (northeastern Queensland to Eyre Peninsula, and Jonndalup to Esperance, southwestern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103711768","resfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resfly1","avibase-D15675EE",null,null,"New South Wales = Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 511.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/46/mode/1up","Turdus inquietus"],["19512","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra nana","(Gould, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.6, no.33 p.224","Paperbark Flycatcher","Paperbark Flycatcher","Paperbark Flycatcher",null,null,"southern New Guinea and northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to southwestern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland; northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103712761","papfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papfly1","avibase-FC57A59E",null,null,"northern Australia.","XXI. Description of a new Species of Seïsura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93156#page/238/mode/1up","Seïsura nana"],["19513","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra oceanica","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.77, pl.12","Chuuk Flycatcher","Chuuk Flycatcher","Chuuk Flycatcher",null,null,"Chuuk (western Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707362","ocefly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocefly1","avibase-DD59969A",null,null,"Hogoleu = Truk.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/81/mode/1up","Myiagra oceanica"],["19514","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra pluto","Finsch, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.644","Pohnpei Flycatcher","Pohnpei Flycatcher","Pohnpei Flycatcher",null,null,"Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707365","pohfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pohfly1","avibase-164C3F46",null,null,"Ponape.","Characters of six new Polynesian Birds in the Museum Godeffroy at Hamburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/808/mode/1up","Myiagra pluto"],["19515","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra cervinicauda","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.439","Makira Flycatcher","Makira Flycatcher","Makira Flycatcher",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707383","ochfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ochfly1","avibase-17D07BD8",null,null,"Makira Harbor, San Cristobal.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/489/mode/1up","Myiagra cervinicauda"],["19516","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra caledonica","Bonaparte, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.55","Melanesian Flycatcher","Melanesian Flycatcher","Melanesian Flycatcher",null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands), Vanuatu, and New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707387","melfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melfly1","avibase-9C27FAE0",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Notes sur le genre Moquinus, nouvelle forme intermédiaire aux Turdides, aux Laniides et aux Muscicapides ; sur le nouveau genre Myiagrien Schwaneria ; et sur le Catalogue des Oiseaux d'Europe et d'Algérie'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/63/mode/1up","Myiagra caledonica"],["19517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra caledonica caledonica","Bonaparte, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A649F32C",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Notes sur le genre Moquinus, nouvelle forme intermédiaire aux Turdides, aux Laniides et aux Muscicapides ; sur le nouveau genre Myiagrien Schwaneria ; et sur le Catalogue des Oiseaux d'Europe et d'Algérie'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/63/mode/1up","Myiagra caledonica"],["19518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra caledonica viridinitens","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa and Lifou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65147458",null,null,"Loyalty Islands.","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/224/mode/1up","Myiagra viridinitens"],["19519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra caledonica melanura","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Maré (Loyalty Islands) and Vanuatu (Tanna and Erromango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-877D258B",null,null,"New Hebrides (Erromango, Aneiteum).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/30/mode/1up","Myiagra melanura"],["19520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra caledonica marinae","Salomonsen, 1934","Journal für Ornithologie 82, no.3 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Vanuatu, including Banks and Torres groups",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA2DFC6A",null,null,"Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides.","Über die Formen von Myiagra caledonica Bonaparte.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905417","Myiagra caledonica marinae"],["19521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra caledonica occidentalis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.24-25",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC02C395",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 13. A systematic list of the Birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Myiagra vanikorensis occidentalis"],["19522","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra albiventris","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.102","Samoan Flycatcher","Samoan Flycatcher","Samoan Flycatcher",null,null,"Samoa (Savai'i and Upolu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707393","samfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samfly1","avibase-92CCC2A9",null,null,"Upolu, Samoa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/122/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus albiventris"],["19523","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra vanikorensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.183 pl.5 fig.1","Vanikoro Flycatcher","Vanikoro Flycatcher","Vanikoro Flycatcher",null,null,"Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands) and Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707390","vanfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vanfly1","avibase-46DFA747",null,null,"Vanikoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/241/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos vanikorensis"],["19524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra vanikorensis vanikorensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.183 pl.5 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ECEACC8",null,null,"Vanikoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/241/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos vanikorensis"],["19525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra vanikorensis rufiventris","Elliot, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.393-394",null,null,null,null,null,"western Fiji",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C68627C4",null,null,"'Samoan or Navigator's Islands'; error: restricted to Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, by Mayr, 1933, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 651, p. 5.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/439/mode/1up","Myiagra rufiventris"],["19526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra vanikorensis kandavensis","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.651 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Kadavu and adjacent islands (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0A1BB91",null,null,"Kandavu, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 25. Notes on the genera Myiagra and Mayrornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3905/","Myiagra vanikorensis kandavensis"],["19527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra vanikorensis dorsalis","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.651 p.9-10",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Fiji and northern Lau Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8E3BCAF",null,null,"Matuku Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 25. Notes on the genera Myiagra and Mayrornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3905/","Myiagra vanikorensis dorsalis"],["19528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra vanikorensis townsendi","Wetmore, 1919","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Lau Archipelago (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9A5BE57",null,null,"Kambara Island, Lau Archipelago, Fiji Islands.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/219/mode/1up","Myiagra townsendi"],["19529","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra freycineti","Oustalet, 1881","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 5 p.73","Guam Flycatcher","Guam Flycatcher","Guam Flycatcher",null,null,"formerly Guam (southern Mariana Islands); extinct, last reported 1983","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707354","guafly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guafly1","avibase-20D6AE5B",null,null,"Mariannes = Guam.","Notes d'Ornithologie. (2e série).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98733#page/81/mode/1up","Myiagra Freycineti"],["19530","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra galeata","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.352","Moluccan Flycatcher","Moluccan Flycatcher","Moluccan Flycatcher",null,null,"northern and central Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707373","molfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molfly1","avibase-052CD650",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/450/mode/1up","Myiagra galeata"],["19531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra galeata galeata","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"Halmahera, Ternate, Bisa, Morotai, Bacan, and Obi (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-924971A1",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/450/mode/1up","Myiagra galeata"],["19532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra galeata goramensis","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram, Ambon, and satellites (east-central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D290BBC",null,null,"Goram = Gorong.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/404/mode/1up","Myiagra goramensis"],["19533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra galeata buruensis","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (west-central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47E214FE",null,null,"Buru.","The Birds of the Obi Group, Central Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/23/mode/1up","Myiagra galeata buruensis"],["19534","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ferrocyanea","Ramsay, 1879","Nature 20 p.125","Steel-blue Flycatcher","Steel-blue Flycatcher","Steel-blue Flycatcher",null,null,"Solomon Islands (except Makira, Rennell, and Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707380","stbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbfly1","avibase-84E82B76",null,null,"Guadalcanal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Myiagra ferrocyanea"],["19535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ferrocyanea cinerea","(Mathews, 1928)","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6308E48D",null,null,"Bougainville Island.","Bird notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/425/mode/1up","Submyiagra ferrocyanea cinerea"],["19536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ferrocyanea ferrocyanea","Ramsay, 1879","Nature 20 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Isabel, Choiseul, and Guadalcanal (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2B6538A",null,null,"Guadalcanal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Myiagra ferrocyanea"],["19537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ferrocyanea feminina","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"New Georgia Group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE1058EA",null,null,"Kulambangra (= Kolombangara) Island, Solomon Islands.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/213/mode/1up","Myiagra feminina"],["19538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra ferrocyanea malaitae","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3B1351A",null,null,"Malaita.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Myiagra ferrocyanea malaitae"],["19539","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra atra","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.498","Biak Black Flycatcher","Biak Flycatcher","Biak Flycatcher",null,null,"Numfor and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707368","biafly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biafly1","avibase-BF5FCA86",null,null,"Mafoor (= Numfoor) and Mysore (= Biak) Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/546/mode/1up","Myiagra atra"],["19540","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra cyanoleuca","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 27 p.11","Satin Flycatcher","Satin Flycatcher","Satin Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds eastern and southeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, to Millicent, southeastern South Australia, Tasmania, and Flinders and King Islands, Bass Strait); winters to New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707403","satfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satfly1","avibase-32EAD9E6",null,null,"Timor; error: Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 502.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63927#page/19/mode/1up","Platyrhynchos cyanoleucus"],["19541","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra rubecula","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxii","Leaden Flycatcher","Leaden Flycatcher","Leaden Flycatcher",null,null,"southern and southeastern New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707377","leafly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leafly2","avibase-CCCF40F2",null,null,"Nova Hollandia = Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 500.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/38/mode/1up","Todus rubecula"],["19542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra rubecula sciurorum","Rothschild & Hartert, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3729FA0",null,null,"Rossel Island.","Further notes on the birds of Sudest Island, or Tagula, in the Louisiade Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/346/mode/1up","Myiagra rubecula sciurorum"],["19543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra rubecula papuana","Rothschild & Hartert, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D62285F6",null,null,"Kumusi River, northeastern British New Guinea.","Further notes on the birds of Sudest Island, or Tagula, in the Louisiade Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/345/mode/1up","Myiagra rubecula papuana"],["19544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra rubecula concinna","Gould, 1848","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.179 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9023DEC",null,null,"'North- West Australia'; error: Port Essington, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 500.","Descriptions of some new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/723/mode/1up","Myiagra concinna"],["19545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra rubecula okyri","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.511",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B78103E7",null,null,"Coen [Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Myiagra rubecula okyri"],["19546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra rubecula yorki","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Burdekin River, Queensland to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4632DEF0",null,null,"Cape York.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/345/mode/1up","Myiagra rubecula yorki"],["19547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Myiagra rubecula rubecula","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to south-central Victoria); winters to north",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5329442D",null,null,"Nova Hollandia = Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 500.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/38/mode/1up","Todus rubecula"],["19548","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.650.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Drymophila trivirgata [Temminck, 1826]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/660/mode/1up","Symposiachrus"],["19549","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus brehmii","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.14","Biak Monarch","Biak Monarch","Biak Monarch",null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707307","biamon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biamon1","avibase-F3D4B19D",null,null,"Tile de Soek' = Biak Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/26/mode/1up","Monarcha Brehmii"],["19550","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus julianae","(Ripley, 1959)","Postilla no.38 p.9","Kofiau Monarch","Kofiau Monarch","Kofiau Monarch",null,null,"Kofiau (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707300","blbmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbmon1","avibase-3307E31E",null,null,"Kofiau, Western Papuan Islands.","Comments on birds from the Western Papuan Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/377/mode/1up","Monarcha julianae"],["19551","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus sacerdotum","(Mees, 1973)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 46 p.179","Flores Monarch","Flores Monarch","Flores Monarch",null,null,"southwestern Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707285","flomon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flomon1","avibase-E1D6FE15",null,null,"Sesok, Flores; altitude 1,000 meters.","Description of a new member of the Monarcha trivirgata-group from Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands (Aves, Monarchinae).","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150115","Monarcha sacerdotum"],["19552","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus axillaris","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.921","Black Monarch","Fan-tailed Monarch","Black Monarch",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707231","blamon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blamon1","avibase-ADD8E888",null,null,"Profi, Arfak Mountains; altitude 3,400 feet, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/927/mode/1up","Monarcha axillaris"],["19553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus axillaris axillaris","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.921",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak, Weyland, and Wandammen mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24C0252D",null,null,"Profi, Arfak Mountains; altitude 3,400 feet, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/927/mode/1up","Monarcha axillaris"],["19554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus axillaris fallax","(Ramsay, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.4 p.580",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea, including Goodenough, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85B12F0E",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.","Description of a supposed new Species of Flycatcher, of the genus Rhipidura, from New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/722/mode/1up","Rhipidura fallax"],["19555","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus rubiensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.494","Rufous Monarch","Rufous Monarch","Rufous Monarch","2025-1060","Taxon <em>rubiensis </em>is placed in <em>Symposiachrus </em>based on mitochondrial and multilocus DNA data (Filardi &amp; Moyle 2005; Andersen et al. 2015b).","lowlands of western New Guinea (absent from Bird's Head Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707234","rufmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufmon1","avibase-9215DC4C",null,null,"Rubi, head of Geelvink Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Tchitrea rubiensis"],["19556","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus manadensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.174 pl.3 fig.3","Hooded Monarch","Hooded Monarch","Hooded Monarch",null,null,"patchily distributed lowland forest of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707304","hoomon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoomon1","avibase-EE23F0DC",null,null,"Manado, Celebes; error: Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 134.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/232/mode/1up","Muscicapa manadensis"],["19557","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus verticalis","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.99 pl.14 fig.1","Bismarck Monarch","Bismarck Monarch",null,"2025-1053","Taxon <em>ateralbus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Symposiachrus verticalis</em> based on plumage, vocal, and genetic evidence. Multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) did not recover <em>ateralbus </em>and <em>verticalis </em>as reciprocally monophyletic groups, plumage differences are not pronounced, and there is unpublished evidence of behavioral response of <em>ateralbus </em>to <em>verticalis </em>vocalizations in playback experiments.","eastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,"bltmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltmon1","avibase-D13830CE",null,null,"Duke of York Island.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/155/mode/1up","Monarcha verticalis"],["19558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus verticalis ateralbus","(Salomonsen, 1964)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 14, nr. 1, Noona Dan papers no.9 p.sep-14",null,null,null,null,null,"Dyaul Island (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A90EA4D2",null,null,"Sumuna, Dyaul Island.","Some remarkable new birds from Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago, with zoogeographical notes.",null,"Monarcha ateralba"],["19559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus verticalis verticalis","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.99 pl.14 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland, New Britain, and adjacent islands (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-187C3E24",null,null,"Duke of York Island.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/155/mode/1up","Monarcha verticalis"],["19560","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus everetti","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.173","Tanahjampea Monarch","Tanahjampea Monarch","White-tipped Monarch",null,null,"Tanahjampea Island (Flores Sea)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707288","whtmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtmon2","avibase-0D60F7F0",null,null,"Djampea (= Tanahdjampea) Island.","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/193/mode/1up","Monarcha everetti"],["19561","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus melanopterus","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.178","Louisiade Monarch","Louisiade Spectacled Monarch",null,"2025-1186","Taxon <em>melanopterus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Symposiachrus trivirgatus</em> based on deep divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2021), supported by plumage differences.","D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagoes and some Milne Bay islands (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"spemon10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spemon10","avibase-7E84A578",null,null,"Round Island (near Tagula), Louisiade Archipelago.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/244/mode/1up","Monarcha melanoptera"],["19562","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus trivirgatus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.70, vol.3 pl.418 fig.1","Spectacled Monarch","Australian Spectacled Monarch",null,"2025-1051, 2025-1186","2025-1051)) Taxon <em>bimaculatus </em>(polytypic, including subspecies <em>diadematus </em>and <em>nigrimentum</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Symposiachrus trivirgatus</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics (Eaton et al. 2021; McCullough et al. 2021). The genomic DNA study of McCullough et al. (2021) recovered<em> S. trivirgatus sensu lato</em> as paraphyletic, with the Moluccan taxa (<em>bimaculatus, diadematus</em>, and <em>nigrimentum</em>) forming a clade that is sister to <em>S. guttula</em>. Mitogenomic data (Andersen et al. 2021) were unable to resolve phylogenetic relationships in this complex due to the confounding effects of mitochondrial DNA capture. 2025-1186)) Taxon <em>melanopterus</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Symposiachrus trivirgatus</em> based on deep divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2021), supported by plumage differences.","Lesser Sundas and eastern Australia; some winter to southern New Guinea",null,null,null,"spemon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spemon1","avibase-FDE2DC2E",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/191/mode/1up","Drymophila trivirgata"],["19563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus trivirgatus trivirgatus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.70, vol.3 pl.418 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB28ECCC",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/191/mode/1up","Drymophila trivirgata"],["19564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus trivirgatus albiventris","(Gould, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.217-218",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Torres Strait islands and northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E9088FB",null,null,"Cape York.","Additions to the List of the Avifauna of Australia, with Descriptions of Three New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/287/mode/1up","Monarcha albiventris"],["19565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus trivirgatus gouldii","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.352,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Australia (southeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, to Nowra, southern New South Wales); some winter to southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67A4DEF7",null,null,"Australia = New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 324.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/450/mode/1up","Monarcha gouldii"],["19566","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus menckei","(Heinroth, 1902)","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.4 p.451","Mussau Monarch","Mussau Monarch","White-breasted Monarch",null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707313","whbmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbmon1","avibase-82331F19",null,null,"St. Matthias (Mussau) Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der „I. Deutschen Südsee Expedition von Br. Mencke“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/461/mode/1up","Monarcha menckei"],["19567","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus boanensis","(van Bemmel, 1939)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 47 p.152","Boano Monarch","Boano Monarch","Black-chinned Monarch",null,null,"Boano Island (southern Moluccas)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707294","blcmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcmon1","avibase-9E53BDE4",null,null,"Boano.","Eine neue Monarcha von der Insel Boano.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447452&seq=166","Monarcha trivirgata boanensis"],["19568","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus bimaculatus","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.352","Moluccan Monarch","Moluccan Spectacled Monarch",null,"2025-1051, 2025-1186","2025-1051)) Taxon <em>bimaculatus </em>(polytypic, including subspecies <em>diadematus </em>and <em>nigrimentum</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Symposiachrus trivirgatus</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics (Eaton et al. 2021; McCullough et al. 2021). The genomic DNA study of McCullough et al. (2021) recovered<em> S. trivirgatus sensu lato</em> as paraphyletic, with the Moluccan taxa (<em>bimaculatus, diadematus</em>, and <em>nigrimentum</em>) forming a clade that is sister to <em>S. guttula</em>. Mitogenomic data (Andersen et al. 2021) were unable to resolve phylogenetic relationships in this complex due to the confounding effects of mitochondrial DNA capture. 2025-1186)) Taxon <em>melanopterus</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Symposiachrus trivirgatus</em> based on deep divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA data (McCullough et al. 2021), supported by plumage differences.","Moluccas",null,null,null,"molmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molmon1","avibase-E61D0D04",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/450/mode/1up","Monarcha bimaculata"],["19569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus bimaculatus nigrimentum","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram and Ambon (east-central Moluccas) and Gorong and Watubela (southeastern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EF9DB53",null,null,"Amboyna = Ambon.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/450/mode/1up","Monarcha nigrimentum"],["19570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus bimaculatus bimaculatus","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3904CB16",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/450/mode/1up","Monarcha bimaculata"],["19571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus bimaculatus diadematus","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7903A2F8",null,null,"Obi Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/335/mode/1up","Monarcha diadematus"],["19572","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus leucurus","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.178","Kai Monarch","Kai Monarch","White-tailed Monarch",null,null,"Kai Islands (Kai Kecil, Kai Besar, and Baer)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707297","whtmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtmon1","avibase-058B4E9A",null,null,"Ke (= Kai) Island.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/244/mode/1up","Monarcha leucura"],["19573","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus guttula","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 livr.9 pl.16 fig.2","Spot-winged Monarch","Spot-winged Monarch","Spot-winged Monarch",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea), and Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707267","spwmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwmon1","avibase-691BA700",null,null,"New Guinea = Dorey (Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 515.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/9/mode/1up","Muscicapa guttula"],["19574","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus infelix","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.552","Manus Monarch","Manus Monarch","Manus Monarch",null,null,"Admiralty Islands (northwestern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707310","manmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manmon1","avibase-FD488DFD",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/226/mode/1up","Monarcha infelix"],["19575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus infelix infelix","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,"Manus, in Admiralty Islands (northwestern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F90731D",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/226/mode/1up","Monarcha infelix"],["19576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus infelix coultasi","(Mayr, 1955)","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Rambutyo Island (northern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7838451",null,null,"Rambutyo.","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Monarcha infelix coultasi"],["19577","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus loricatus","(Wallace, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.29 pl.6","Buru Monarch","Buru Monarch","Black-tipped Monarch",null,null,"lowlands of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707291","bltmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltmon2","avibase-91312BF0",null,null,"Buru.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/63/mode/1up","Monarcha loricata"],["19578","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus mundus","(Sclater, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.54 pl.12 fig.2","Banda Sea Monarch","Banda Sea Monarch","Black-bibbed Monarch",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Babar, Damar, Larat, Yamdena, and Selaru)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707274","blbmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbmon2","avibase-3B582AC8",null,null,"Tenimber (= Tanimbar) Islands.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/108/mode/1up","Monarcha mundus"],["19579","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus barbatus","(Ramsay, 1879)","Nature 20 p.125","Solomons Monarch","Solomons Monarch","Solomons Pied Monarch","2025-1052","Five species are recognized in the Solomon Pied Monarch (<em>Symposiachrus barbatus</em>) complex based on plumage and supported by multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b): <em>S. barbatus</em> (monotypic); <em>S. nigrotectus</em> (polytypic, including <em>ganongae</em>); <em>S. browni</em> (polytypic, including <em>meeki</em>); <em>S. malaitae</em> (monotypic); and <em>S. vidua </em>(polytypic, including <em>squamulatus</em>).","Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel (northern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103713873","bawmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawmon2","avibase-5440FDFB",null,null,"Guadalcanal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61875#page/147/mode/1up","Monarcha barbata"],["19580","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus malaitae","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.23","Malaita Monarch","Malaita Monarch","Malaita Monarch","2025-1052","Five species are recognized in the Solomon Pied Monarch (<em>Symposiachrus barbatus</em>) complex based on plumage and supported by multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b): <em>S. barbatus</em> (monotypic); <em>S. nigrotectus</em> (polytypic, including <em>ganongae</em>); <em>S. browni</em> (polytypic, including <em>meeki</em>); <em>S. malaitae</em> (monotypic); and <em>S. vidua </em>(polytypic, including <em>squamulatus</em>).","Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103713884","bawmon4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawmon4","avibase-7E685EB2",null,null,"Malaita.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Monarcha barbata malaitae"],["19581","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus vidua","(Tristram, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.439","White-collared Monarch","White-collared Monarch","White-collared Monarch","2025-1052","Five species are recognized in the Solomon Pied Monarch (<em>Symposiachrus barbatus</em>) complex based on plumage and supported by multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b): <em>S. barbatus</em> (monotypic); <em>S. nigrotectus</em> (polytypic, including <em>ganongae</em>); <em>S. browni</em> (polytypic, including <em>meeki</em>); <em>S. malaitae</em> (monotypic); and <em>S. vidua </em>(polytypic, including <em>squamulatus</em>).","Makira and Ugi (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707330","whcmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcmon2","avibase-2D2593B0",null,null,"Makira Harbor, San Cristobal.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/489/mode/1up","Piezorhynchus vidua"],["19582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus vidua squamulatus","(Tristram, 1882)","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.136-137",null,null,null,null,null,"Ugi (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1600F6B",null,null,"Ugi.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/174/mode/1up","Piezorhynchus squamulatus"],["19583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus vidua vidua","(Tristram, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.439",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-758AE79D",null,null,"Makira Harbor, San Cristobal.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/489/mode/1up","Piezorhynchus vidua"],["19584","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus browni","(Ramsay, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.4 p.711 Note","Kolombangara Monarch","Kolombangara Monarch",null,"2025-1052","Five species are recognized in the Solomon Pied Monarch (<em>Symposiachrus barbatus</em>) complex based on plumage and supported by multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b): <em>S. barbatus</em> (monotypic); <em>S. nigrotectus</em> (polytypic, including <em>ganongae</em>); <em>S. browni</em> (polytypic, including <em>meeki</em>); <em>S. malaitae</em> (monotypic); and <em>S. vidua </em>(polytypic, including <em>squamulatus</em>).","west-central Solomon Islands (except Ranongga and Vella Lavella)",null,null,null,"kolmon5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kolmon5","avibase-7CF5625F",null,null,"Marrabo = New Georgia.","Description of a new Species of Flycatcher of the Genus Monarcha (Piezorhynchus) from the Solomon Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/859/mode/1up","Monarcha (Piezorhynchus) browni"],["19585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus browni browni","(Ramsay, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.4 p.711 Note",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara, Vonavona, Kohinggo, New Georgia, and Vangunu (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C30DC83",null,null,"Marrabo = New Georgia.","Description of a new Species of Flycatcher of the Genus Monarcha (Piezorhynchus) from the Solomon Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/859/mode/1up","Monarcha (Piezorhynchus) browni"],["19586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus browni meeki","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"Rendova and Tetipari (New Georgia Group, west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43A3D599",null,null,"Rendova.","Further contributions to our knowledge of the Ornis of the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/276/mode/1up","Monarcha kulambangrae meeki"],["19587","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus nigrotectus","(Hartert, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.107","Vella Lavella Monarch","Vella Lavella Monarch",null,"2025-1052","Five species are recognized in the Solomon Pied Monarch (<em>Symposiachrus barbatus</em>) complex based on plumage and supported by multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b): <em>S. barbatus</em> (monotypic); <em>S. nigrotectus</em> (polytypic, including <em>ganongae</em>); <em>S. browni</em> (polytypic, including <em>meeki</em>); <em>S. malaitae</em> (monotypic); and <em>S. vidua </em>(polytypic, including <em>squamulatus</em>).","Ranongga and Vella Lavella (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"velmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/velmon1","avibase-22D63D8D",null,null,"Vella Lavella Island.","Exhibition of examples of new birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/133/mode/1up","Monarcha brodiei nigrotectus"],["19588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus nigrotectus ganongae","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Ranongga (New Georgia Group, west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FA5B337",null,null,"Ganonga = Ganongga.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Monarcha barbata ganongae"],["19589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Symposiachrus nigrotectus nigrotectus","(Hartert, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Vella Lavella (New Georgia Group, west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD81B437",null,null,"Vella Lavella Island.","Exhibition of examples of new birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/133/mode/1up","Monarcha brodiei nigrotectus"],["19590","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.5 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Monarcha leucotis [Gould, 1850]; type by original designation",null,"New generic names for Australian birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/143/mode/1up","Carterornis"],["19591","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 livr.5 pl.18 fig.2","Golden Monarch","Golden Monarch","Golden Monarch",null,null,"New Guinea region and New Ireland group (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707339","golmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golmon1","avibase-6778547A",null,null,"New Zealand (error).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/45/mode/1up","Muscicapa chrysomela"],["19592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela aruensis","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A38E9F9F",null,null,"Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/327/mode/1up","Monarcha aruensis"],["19593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela melanonotus","(Sclater, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.100,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56FFF59A",null,null,"New Guinea; restricted to the Arfak Mountains by Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 73.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/156/mode/1up","Monarcha melanonotus"],["19594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela kordensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea) and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66748B0A",null,null,"Kordo, Misori (= Biak) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/230/mode/1up","Monarcha kordensis"],["19595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela aurantiacus","(Meyer, 1891)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 3, no.4 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay to Astrolabe Bay and Ramu River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DF7A5AB",null,null,"Kafu and Stephansort (Astrolabe Bay), northeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104467#page/191/mode/1up","Monarcha melanonotus aurantiacus"],["19596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela nitidus","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern New Guinea, including Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F034C33C",null,null,"Boirave, Orangerie Bay, New Guinea.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/434/mode/1up","Poecilodryas nitida"],["19597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela pulcherrimus","(Salomonsen, 1964)","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 14, nr. 1, Noona Dan papers no.9 p.7-9",null,null,null,null,null,"Dyaul (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-157DE0C7",null,null,"Sumuna, Dyaul Island.","Some remarkable new birds from Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago, with zoogeographical notes.",null,"Monarcha chrysomela pulcherrima"],["19598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela chrysomela","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 livr.5 pl.18 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover and New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D50C6A25",null,null,"New Zealand (error).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/45/mode/1up","Muscicapa chrysomela"],["19599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela whitneyorum","(Mayr, 1955)","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Lihir Group (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF9CB862",null,null,"Lihir.","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Monarcha chrysomela whitneyorum"],["19600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis chrysomela tabarensis","(Mayr, 1955)","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Tabar Group (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A81F2275",null,null,"Tabar Island.","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Monarcha chrysomela tabarensis"],["19601","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis leucotis","(Gould, 1850)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.213 p.201","White-eared Monarch","White-eared Monarch","White-eared Monarch",null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland to Ballina, northeastern New South Wales but sometimes further south)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707261","whemon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whemon1","avibase-D8AF3430",null,null,"Cape York.","A brief Account of the Researches in Natural History of John M'Gillivray, Esq., the naturalist attached to H. M. surveying Ship the Rattlesnake, on the North-eastern Coasts of Australia, New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/263/mode/1up","Monarcha leucotis"],["19602","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis castus","(Sclater, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.53 pl.12 fig.1","Tanimbar Monarch","Tanimbar Monarch","Tanimbar Monarch",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat, Yamdena, and Selaru); Tayandu Islands (Kilsuin)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707258","loemon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/loemon1","avibase-640B813A",null,null,"Loetoe (= Lutu) Island, Timor Laut (= Tanimbar).","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/107/mode/1up","Monarcha castus"],["19603","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis pileatus","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.322","White-naped Monarch","White-naped Monarch","White-naped Monarch",null,null,"Halmahera and Buru (northern and west-central Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707255","whnmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnmon1","avibase-1EE395CD",null,null,"Halmahera, near Weda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/336/mode/1up","Monarcha pileatus"],["19604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis pileatus pileatus","(Salvadori, 1878)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE6C3BBD",null,null,"Halmahera, near Weda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/336/mode/1up","Monarcha pileatus"],["19605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Carterornis pileatus buruensis","(Meyer, 1884)","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4743B00C",null,null,"Bum Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/374/mode/1up","Monarcha buruensis"],["19606","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Metabolus","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.650",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa rugensis [Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/660/mode/1up","Metabolus"],["19607","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Metabolus rugensis","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.312","Chuuk Monarch","Chuuk Monarch","Chuuk Monarch","2025-1059","Taxon <em>rugensis </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Metabolus</em>, while taxa <em>takatsukasae </em>and <em>godeffroyi </em>are placed in <em>Monarcha</em>. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) recovered these species, along with <em>Pomarea nigra</em> and <em>P. dimidiata</em>, as an unresolved polytomy at the base of the main <em>Monarcha </em>assemblage. Given the nomenclatural issues that arise due to paraphyly of <em>Pomarea</em>, and lack of statistical support for alternative generic arrangements among these 5 species, the IOC 13.2 classification has been adopted pending a comprehensive genomic review of the complex.","Chuuk (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707227","trumon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trumon1","avibase-5159D2D4",null,null,"Roug = Truk [=Chuuk, Micronesia], formerly Hogoley","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/320/mode/1up","Muscicapa Rugensis"],["19608","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscipeta carinata [Swainson, 1823]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa melanopsis Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/263/mode/1up","Monarcha"],["19609","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha takatsukasae","(Yamashina, 1931)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 43 p.485","Tinian Monarch","Tinian Monarch","Tinian Monarch","2025-1059","Taxon <em>rugensis </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Metabolus</em>, while taxa <em>takatsukasae </em>and <em>godeffroyi </em>are placed in <em>Monarcha</em>. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) recovered these species, along with <em>Pomarea nigra</em> and <em>P. dimidiata</em>, as an unresolved polytomy at the base of the main <em>Monarcha </em>assemblage. Given the nomenclatural issues that arise due to paraphyly of <em>Pomarea</em>, and lack of statistical support for alternative generic arrangements among these 5 species, the IOC 13.2 classification has been adopted pending a comprehensive genomic review of the complex.","Mariana Islands (Tinian and Aguijan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707336","tinmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tinmon1","avibase-52228B7B",null,null,"Tinian.","On new Birds from the Pelew and Marianne Islands.",null,"Monarcharses takatsukasae"],["19610","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha godeffroyi","Hartlaub, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.829 pl.38","Yap Monarch","Yap Monarch","Yap Monarch","2025-1059","Taxon <em>rugensis </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Metabolus</em>, while taxa <em>takatsukasae </em>and <em>godeffroyi </em>are placed in <em>Monarcha</em>. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) recovered these species, along with <em>Pomarea nigra</em> and <em>P. dimidiata</em>, as an unresolved polytomy at the base of the main <em>Monarcha </em>assemblage. Given the nomenclatural issues that arise due to paraphyly of <em>Pomarea</em>, and lack of statistical support for alternative generic arrangements among these 5 species, the IOC 13.2 classification has been adopted pending a comprehensive genomic review of the complex.","forest of Yap (northwestern Caroline Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707333","yapmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yapmon1","avibase-5280B180",null,null,"Yap.","On a Collection of Birds from some less-known Localities in the Western Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/249/mode/1up","Monarcha godeffroyi"],["19611","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha melanopsis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.450","Black-faced Monarch","Black-faced Monarch","Black-faced Monarch",null,null,"breeds eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to central Victoria); some winter southern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707243","blfmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfmon1","avibase-6ADE606E",null,null,"New South Wales = Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 521.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/460/mode/1up","Muscicapa melanopsis"],["19612","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha frater","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.691","Black-winged Monarch","Black-winged Monarch","Black-winged Monarch",null,null,"New Guinea and far northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707240","blwmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwmon1","avibase-A9D5F566",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/833/mode/1up","Monarcha frater"],["19613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha frater frater","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.691",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5B82451",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/833/mode/1up","Monarcha frater"],["19614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha frater periophthalmicus","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.318, 420",null,null,null,"2026-089","Monarcha frater kunupi is synonymized with <em>M. f. periophthalmicus</em> based on a lack of diagnosability. Joseph et al. (2023) found no consistent differences supporting the separation of <em>M. f. kunupi</em> from <em>M. f. periophthalmicus</em> and noted that the holotype of <em>kunupi</em> is a partially melanic specimen.","mountains of west-central, eastern, and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3D1152B",null,null,"Moroka district, Astrolabe Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/332/mode/1up","Monarcha Periophthalmicus"],["19615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha frater canescens","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.991",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, Mount Carbine, Wet Tropics, northern Queensland); some winter in New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DC73123",null,null,"near Somerset, Cape York, northern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/997/mode/1up","Monarcha canescens"],["19616","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.72, vol.3 pl.430 fig.2,text","Island Monarch","Island Monarch","Island Monarch",null,null,"mainly islets from Sulawesi region and Lesser Sundas to Bismarck Archipelago and northern Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707237","islmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islmon1","avibase-3B7F9622",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/196/mode/1up","Drymophila cinerascens"],["19617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens commutatus","Brüggemann, 1876","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe, Siau, Mayu, Sulawesi, Talaud Archipelago (northeast of Sulawesi), and Tifore (between northeastern Sulawesi and Halmahera)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C7F2FC",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.archive.org/download/abhandlungenhera05natu/page/n75_w497","Monarcha commutata"],["19618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens cinerascens","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.72, vol.3 pl.430 fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5B45259",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/196/mode/1up","Drymophila cinerascens"],["19619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens inornatus","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea, including Waigeo, Salawati, and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9095E115",null,null,"New Guinea = Dorey (= Manokwari), northwestern New Guinea, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 522.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/203/mode/1up","Muscicapa inornata"],["19620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens steini","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B2B2482",null,null,"Numfoor.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. II. Die Vögel von Numfor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/216/mode/1up","Monarcha cinerascens steini"],["19621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens geelvinkianus","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57571EFC",null,null,"Ansus, Jobi (= Japen) and Kordo, Misori (= Biak); restricted to Japen by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 133.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/373/mode/1up","Monarcha geelvinkianus"],["19622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens fuscescens","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"islands in Cenderawasih Bay (northern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD8E9AAD",null,null,"Jamna Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/373/mode/1up","Monarcha fuscescens"],["19623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens fulviventris","Hartlaub, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.830",null,null,null,null,null,"Ninigo, Hermit, Anchorite, and Admiralty islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A62FCEA",null,null,"Echiquier (= Ninigo) Group, north of New Guinea.","On a Collection of Birds from some less-known Localities in the Western Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/250/mode/1up","Monarcha fulviventris"],["19624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens perpallidus","Neumann, 1924","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 32 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau and Tench, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago), New Hanover, Dyaul, Tabar, Lihir, and Tanga islands (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4760590",null,null,"Nusa Island, New Ireland.","Neue Unterarten von Neu-Guinea und Celebes.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447528&seq=53","Monarcha cinerascens perpallidus"],["19625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens impediens","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"islets north of northeastern New Guinea from Tarawai eastward to Karkar and Bagabag, northern scarp of Huon Peninsula, islets off New Britain to central Solomon Islands and Ontong Java, Ndai, and Sikaiana (atolls far east of main Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5799A696",null,null,"Feni Island.","On the Birds of Feni and Nissan Islands, east of south New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/60/mode/1up","Monarcha cinerascens impediens"],["19626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha cinerascens rosselianus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1916","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.2 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea), and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-257FEF8E",null,null,"Rossel Island.","A new Monarcha from Rossel Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/319/mode/1up","Monarcha cinerascens rosselianus"],["19627","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha richardsii","(Ramsay, 1881)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.6, pt.2 p.177","White-capped Monarch","White-capped Monarch","White-capped Monarch","2025-1054","Two species are recognized in the Chestnut-bellied Monarch complex based on available evidence: polytypic<em> M. castaneiventris</em> and monotypic <em>M. richardsii</em>. Species limits in this complex are poorly understood and there are incongruences between phenotypic and genetic datasets. Although <em>M. richardsii</em> has been treated as a species based on plumage, it is embedded within <em>M. castaneiventris</em> based on multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b), a pattern that could result from mitochondrial DNA introgression. Further research will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","forest of New Georgia group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707252","whcmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcmon1","avibase-421C9B38",null,null,"Ugi (by error) = Rendova.","Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands. - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22895#page/187/mode/1up","Piezorhynchus Richardsii"],["19628","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha castaneiventris","Verreaux, 1858","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.304","Chestnut-bellied Monarch","Chestnut-bellied Monarch",null,"2025-1054","Two species are recognized in the Chestnut-bellied Monarch complex based on available evidence: polytypic<em> M. castaneiventris</em> and monotypic <em>M. richardsii</em>. Species limits in this complex are poorly understood and there are incongruences between phenotypic and genetic datasets. Although <em>M. richardsii</em> has been treated as a species based on plumage, it is embedded within <em>M. castaneiventris</em> based on multilocus DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b), a pattern that could result from mitochondrial DNA introgression. Further research will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","Choiseul to Makira (central and southern Solomon Islands except New Georgia group)",null,null,null,"chbmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbmon1","avibase-13466813",null,null,"Samoa Island [error = Guadalcanal, Solomons, according to Roths. and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 9, 1902, p.583]","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/308/mode/1up","Monarcha castaneiventris"],["19629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha castaneiventris erythrostictus","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"rainforest of Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FC48675",null,null,"Fauro, Shortland Islands.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by Mr. C. M. Woodford.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/233/mode/1up","Pomarea erythrosticta"],["19630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha castaneiventris castaneiventris","Verreaux, 1858","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal, Malaita, Santa Isabel, Florida, and Choiseul (central and east-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB81F07",null,null,"Samoa Island [error = Guadalcanal, Solomons, according to Roths. and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 9, 1902, p.583]","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/308/mode/1up","Monarcha castaneiventris"],["19631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha castaneiventris obscurior","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.5-6",null,null,null,null,null,"Russell Islands (south-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B680F0A3",null,null,"Pavuvu Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Monarcha castaneiventris obscurior"],["19632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha castaneiventris megarhynchus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1908","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.2 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1195D31",null,null,"Yanuta, San Cristobal.","The birds of Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/383/mode/1up","Monarcha castaneiventris megarhynchus"],["19633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Monarcha castaneiventris ugiensis","(Ramsay, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Ugi (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D285BEE",null,null,"Ugi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/142/mode/1up","Pomarea (Monarcha) ugiensis"],["19634","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.650",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa nigra [Sparrman, 1786]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/660/mode/1up","Pomarea"],["19635","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea dimidiata","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.28","Rarotonga Monarch","Rarotonga Monarch","Rarotonga Monarch","2025-1059","Taxon <em>rugensis </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Metabolus</em>, while taxa <em>takatsukasae </em>and <em>godeffroyi </em>are placed in <em>Monarcha</em>. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) recovered these species, along with <em>Pomarea nigra</em> and <em>P. dimidiata</em>, as an unresolved polytomy at the base of the main <em>Monarcha </em>assemblage. Given the nomenclatural issues that arise due to paraphyly of <em>Pomarea</em>, and lack of statistical support for alternative generic arrangements among these 5 species, the IOC 13.2 classification has been adopted pending a comprehensive genomic review of the complex.","forest undergrowth of Rarotonga (southwestern Cook Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707172","rarmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rarmon1","avibase-B494521A",null,null,"Rarotonga, Cook Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from Savai and Rarotonga Islands in the Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/58/mode/1up","Monarches dimidiatus"],["19636","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea nigra","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.xxiii pl.23","Tahiti Monarch","Tahiti Monarch","Tahiti Monarch","2025-1059","Taxon <em>rugensis </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Metabolus</em>, while taxa <em>takatsukasae </em>and <em>godeffroyi </em>are placed in <em>Monarcha</em>. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Andersen et al. 2015b) recovered these species, along with <em>Pomarea nigra</em> and <em>P. dimidiata</em>, as an unresolved polytomy at the base of the main <em>Monarcha </em>assemblage. Given the nomenclatural issues that arise due to paraphyly of <em>Pomarea</em>, and lack of statistical support for alternative generic arrangements among these 5 species, the IOC 13.2 classification has been adopted pending a comprehensive genomic review of the complex.","forested valleys of western Tahiti (Windward Society Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707178","tahmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tahmon2","avibase-3B79D946",null,null,"Society Islands = Tahiti, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 525.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/105/mode/1up","Muscicapa nigra"],["19637","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea maupitiensis","(Garnot, 1829)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, pt.2 p.592","Maupiti Monarch","Maupiti Monarch","Maupiti Monarch","2025-N068","Dickinson et al. (2019b) lectotypified the specific names <em>pomarea </em>and <em>maupitiensis </em>in a way that the former refers to Tahiti birds and the latter to those from Maupiti. Hence, <em>Pomarea maupitiensis</em> is the correct name for Maupiti Monarch.","formerly highlands of Maupiti (Society Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724444","maumon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maumon1","avibase-57570D50",null,null,"Maupiti Island, Society Group",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/242/mode/1up","Muscicapa maupitiensis"],["19638","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea iphis","Murphy & Mathews, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.6","Iphis Monarch","Iphis Monarch","Iphis Monarch",null,null,"Ua Huka (northern Marquesas Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734314","iphmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/iphmon2","avibase-F20787D1",null,null,"Huahuna (= Ua Huka) Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Pomarea iphis iphis"],["19639","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea nukuhivae","Murphy & Mathews, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.5","Nuku Hiva Monarch","Nuku Hiva Monarch","Nuku Hiva Monarch",null,null,"formerly Nuku Hiva (northern Marquesas Islands); extinct, last reported in the 1930s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732936","nuhmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nuhmon1","avibase-20DE8C44",null,null,"Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Pomarea mendozae nukuhivae"],["19640","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea fluxa","Murphy & Mathews, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.7","Eiao Monarch","Eiao Monarch","Eiao Monarch",null,null,"formerly Eiao (northern Marquesas Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732926","eiamon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eiamon1","avibase-4E66CF41",null,null,"Eiao Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Pomarea iphis fluxa"],["19641","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea mira","Murphy & Mathews, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.4","Ua Pou Monarch","Ua Pou Monarch","Ua Pou Monarch",null,null,"at least formerly Ua Pou (northern Marquesas Islands); likely extinct","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732931","uapmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uapmon1","avibase-555F96E9",null,null,"Huapu (= Ua Pu) Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Pomarea mendozae mira"],["19642","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea whitneyi","Murphy & Mathews, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.8","Fatu Hiva Monarch","Fatu Hiva Monarch","Fatu Hiva Monarch",null,null,"Fatu Hiva (southern Marquesas Islands); critically endangered",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707192","fatmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatmon1","avibase-01C20C03",null,null,"Fatu Hiva Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Pomarea whitneyi"],["19643","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea mendozae","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.170","Marquesan Monarch","Marquesan Monarch","Marquesas Monarch",null,null,"now only Motane, southern Marquesas Islands; formerly also Tahuata and Hiva Oa (southern Marquesas, northeastern French Polynesia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734320","marmon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marmon2","avibase-F7B01321",null,null,"St. Christina ( = Tahuata) Island, Marquesas.","Zur Ornithologie Oceanien's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/806/mode/1up","Monarcha Mendozae"],["19644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea mendozae mendozae","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southern Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa and Tahuata); extinct, last reported in 1975","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B823BEF",null,null,"St. Christina ( = Tahuata) Island, Marquesas.","Zur Ornithologie Oceanien's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/806/mode/1up","Monarcha Mendozae"],["19645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Pomarea mendozae motanensis","Murphy & Mathews, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Motane (southern Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBB11AE3",null,null,"Motane Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Pomarea mendozae motanensis"],["19646","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Chasiempis","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa sandwichensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/215/mode/1up","Chasiempis"],["19647","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Chasiempis sclateri","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.236 p.337","Kauai Elepaio","Kauai Elepaio","Kauai Elepaio",null,null,"Kauai (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736432","elepai5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elepai5","avibase-0E7C7C85",null,null,"Waimea, Kauai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/355/mode/1up","Chasiempis sclateri"],["19648","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Chasiempis ibidis","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.609 p.88,89","Oahu Elepaio","Oahu Elepaio","Oahu Elepaio",null,null,"Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736423","elepai4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elepai4","avibase-E2F7F6EC",null,null,"no locality; drawn from juvenile specimen from Hawaii, fide Rothschild, 1893, Avifauna Laysan, p. 71.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/102/mode/1up","Chasiempis ibidis"],["19649","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Chasiempis sandwichensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.945","Hawaii Elepaio","Hawaii Elepaio","Hawaii Elepaio",null,null,"forest and woodland of Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736440","elepai","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elepai","avibase-0E48C9D0",null,null,"Sandwich Islands; Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii, suggested by Henshaw, 1902, Auk, 19, p. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/446/mode/1up","Muscicapa sandwichensis"],["19650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Chasiempis sandwichensis sandwichensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.945",null,null,null,null,null,"drier areas of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAC1668F",null,null,"Sandwich Islands; Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii, suggested by Henshaw, 1902, Auk, 19, p. 230.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/446/mode/1up","Muscicapa sandwichensis"],["19651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Chasiempis sandwichensis ridgwayi","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.609 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"wetter areas of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB347DBB",null,null,"no locality; drawn from specimen from Hawaii, fide Rothschild, 1893, Avifauna Laysan, p. 71",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/101/mode/1up","Chasiempis ridgwayi"],["19652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Chasiempis sandwichensis bryani","Pratt, 1979","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 99, no.3 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"mamane-naio forest on Mauna Kea (Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-776DDEF0",null,null,"Puu Laau, Hamakua district, Hawaii; altitude ca. 1,950 meters.","A new subspecies of the Elepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis, from the Island of Hawaii.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/326/mode/1up","Chasiempis sandwichensis bryani"],["19653","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Neolalage","Mathews, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lalage banksiana [Gray, GR, 1870]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/53/mode/1up","Neolalage"],["19654","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Neolalage banksiana","(Gray, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.29 p.329","Buff-bellied Monarch","Buff-bellied Monarch","Buff-bellied Monarch",null,null,"Vanuatu and Banks Group (southeastern Melanesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707210","bubmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubmon1","avibase-6977F1E6",null,null,"Vanua Levu (= Vanua Lava), Banks Islands.","XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Solomon and Banks's Groups of Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/343/mode/1up","Lalage banksiana"],["19655","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Mayrornis","Wetmore, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rhipidura lessoni [Gray, GR, 1846]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/124/mode/1up","Mayrornis"],["19656","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Mayrornis versicolor","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.651 p.19","Ogea Monarch","Ogea Monarch","Ogea Monarch",null,null,"forest of Ogea Levu (southeastern Fiji)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707200","ogemon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ogemon1","avibase-F410F3C2",null,null,"Ongea Levu, eastern Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 25, Notes on the genera Myiagra and Mayrornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3905/","Mayrornis versicolor"],["19657","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Mayrornis schistaceus","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.651 p.19","Vanikoro Monarch","Vanikoro Monarch","Vanikoro Monarch",null,null,"Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707207","vanmon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vanmon1","avibase-074CF186",null,null,"Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 25, Notes on the genera Myiagra and Mayrornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3905/","Mayrornis schistaceus"],["19658","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Mayrornis lessoni","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.258","Slaty Monarch","Slaty Monarch","Slaty Monarch",null,null,"Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707204","slamon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slamon1","avibase-0AE94E4B",null,null,"iles Viti (Balaou) = Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, fide Wetmore, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/536/mode/1up","R[hipidura] Lessoni"],["19659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Mayrornis lessoni lessoni","(Gray, 1846)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Fiji Islands including Lau Archipelago (southern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38EAE081",null,null,"iles Viti (Balaou) = Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, fide Wetmore, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/536/mode/1up","R[hipidura] Lessoni"],["19660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Mayrornis lessoni orientalis","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.651 p.18-19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Fiji Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6443F287",null,null,"Yangasa Cluster, eastern Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 25. Notes on the genera Myiagra and Mayrornis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3905/","Mayrornis lessoni orientalis"],["19661","genus","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus","Elliot, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides [Elliot, 1870]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Birds belonging to the Families Formicariidae, Pachycephalidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/302/mode/1up","Clytorhynchus"],["19662","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus hamlini","(Mayr, 1931)","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.23","Rennell Shrikebill","Rennell Shrikebill","Rennell Shrikebill",null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707224","renshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/renshr1","avibase-47604004",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Pinarolestes hamlini"],["19663","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus nigrogularis","(Layard, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.149","Black-throated Shrikebill","Black-throated Shrikebill","Black-throated Shrikebill",null,null,"mountains of larger Fiji islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735037","bktshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktshr1","avibase-19CB1D6A",null,null,"Levuka, Ovalau Island.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/225/mode/1up","Lalage nigrogularis"],["19664","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus sanctaecrucis","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.628 p.20-21","Santa Cruz Shrikebill","Santa Cruz Shrikebill","Nendo Shrikebill",null,null,"mountains of Santa Cruz Group (Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734762","bktshr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktshr2","avibase-011A5D07",null,null,"Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 24. Notes on Polynesian Flycatchers and a revision of the genus Clytorhynchus Elliot.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3934/","Clytorhynchus nigrogularis sanctaecrucis"],["19665","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides","Elliot, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.242 pl.19","Southern Shrikebill","Southern Shrikebill","Southern Shrikebill",null,null,"Vanuatu and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707213","soushr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soushr2","avibase-9884A24C",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Birds belonging to the Families Formicariidae, Pachycephalidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/302/mode/1up","Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides"],["19666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides pachycephaloides","Elliot, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.242 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"New Caledonia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4212638B",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Birds belonging to the Families Formicariidae, Pachycephalidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/302/mode/1up","Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides"],["19667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides grisescens","Sharpe, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu, Banks, and Torres groups (southeastern Melanesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E46DF08B",null,null,"Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides.","[Exhibition and description of a series of specimens from the New Hebrides group of islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/61/mode/1up","Clytorhynchus grisescens"],["19668","species","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.6 p.173","Fiji Shrikebill","Fiji Shrikebill","Fiji Shrikebill",null,null,"Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa (western to central Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707216","fijshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fijshr1","avibase-9CC45BB1",null,null,"Ovalau.","On Five New Species of Birds from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/205/mode/1up","Myiolestes vitiensis"],["19669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis wiglesworthi","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.628 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Rotuma Island (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11B630FC",null,null,"Rotuma Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 24. Notes on Polynesian Flycatchers and a revision of the genus Clytorhynchus Elliot.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3934/","Clytorhynchus vitiensis wiglesworthi"],["19670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis brunneus","(Ramsay, 1875)","The Sydney Morning Herald Wed., Dec. 8, 1875 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Kadavu, Ono, and Vanuakula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A11BE641",null,null,"Fiji Islands",null,"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/28400650?searchTerm=buensis%20Ramsay","Myiolestes brunneus"],["19671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis vitiensis","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.6 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"western Fiji",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8744860",null,null,"Ovalau.","On Five New Species of Birds from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/205/mode/1up","Myiolestes vitiensis"],["19672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis buensis","(Layard, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.22 p.145,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Vanua Levu and Kioa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50C16D0F",null,null,"Bua ( = Mbua), Vanua Levu, Fiji.","Notes on some little-known Birds of the new Colony of the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/167/mode/1up","M[yiolestes] buensis"],["19673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis layardi","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.628 p.9-11",null,null,null,null,null,"Taveuni (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7DDA51C",null,null,"Taveuni Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 24. Notes on Polynesian Flycatchers and a revision of the genus Clytorhynchus Elliot.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3934/","Clytorhynchus vitiensis layardi"],["19674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis pontifex","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.628 p.11-12",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Rabi and Qamea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4606BAF8",null,null,"Ngamia (= Nggamea) Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 24. Notes on Polynesian Flycatchers and a revision of the genus Clytorhynchus Elliot.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3934/","Clytorhynchus vitiensis pontifex"],["19675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis vatuanus","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.628 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Lau Archipelago (eastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF7A70EF",null,null,"Tuvutha Island, Fiji Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 24. Notes on Polynesian Flycatchers and a revision of the genus Clytorhynchus Elliot.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3934/","Clytorhynchus vitiensis vatuana"],["19676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis nesiotes","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Lau Archipelago (eastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17E9756C",null,null,"Kambara, Lau Archipelago, Fiji Islands.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/230/mode/1up","Pinarolestes nesiotes"],["19677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis fortunae","(Layard, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.22 p.145,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Futuna and Alifi islands (Wallis and Futuna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53735C58",null,null,"Fortuna (= Futuna) Island.","Notes on some little-known Birds of the new Colony of the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/167/mode/1up","M[yiolestes] fortunae"],["19678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis heinei","(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.546",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tonga Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FD3504C",null,null,"Tonga Islands.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Tonga Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/654/mode/1up","Myiolestes heinei"],["19679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis keppeli","Mayr, 1933","American Museum Novitates no.628 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Keppel and Boscawen islands (between Tonga and Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-214C1728",null,null,"Keppel Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 24. Notes on Polynesian Flycatchers and a revision of the genus Clytorhynchus Elliot.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3934/","Clytorhynchus vitiensis keppeli"],["19680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Monarchidae","Monarch Flycatchers, Paradise Flycatchers, and Shrikebills","Clytorhynchus vitiensis powelli","(Salvin, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.1 p.128-129",null,null,null,null,null,"American Samoa (Tau, Ofu, Olosega, and Manua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC718822",null,null,"'Tutuila'; error: Manua Islands, Samoa.","On some Birds transmitted from the Samoan Islands by the Rev. T. Powell.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/180/mode/1up","Pinarolestes powelli"],["19681","family","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Corcoracidae",null,null,"White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Australian Mudnesters",null,null,null,null,null,null,"corcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corcor1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19682","genus","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Corcorax","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corcorax australis [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Coracia melanoramphos Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/362/mode/1up","Corcorax"],["19683","species","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Corcorax melanorhamphos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.2","White-winged Chough","White-winged Chough","White-winged Chough",null,null,"southern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705382","whwcho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwcho1","avibase-D7FD3046",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/12/mode/1up","Coracia melanorhamphos"],["19684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Corcorax melanorhamphos melanorhamphos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (central Queensland to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0BFAD08",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/12/mode/1up","Coracia melanorhamphos"],["19685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Corcorax melanorhamphos whiteae","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Eyre Peninsula, Mount Lofty, and Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A68FA67B",null,null,"Eyre's Peninsula, South Australia","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/470/mode/1up","Corcorax melanoramphos whiteae"],["19686","genus","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Struthidea","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Struthidea cinerea [Gould, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/45/mode/1up","Struthidea"],["19687","species","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Struthidea cinerea","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.9","Apostlebird","Apostlebird","Apostlebird",null,null,"north-central and east-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705385","apostl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apostl1","avibase-5811EC08",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/45/mode/1up","Struthidea cinerea"],["19688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Struthidea cinerea cinerea","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central Queensland to northern Victoria and southern Flinders Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B42ADF9B",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/45/mode/1up","Struthidea cinerea"],["19689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corcoracidae","White-winged Chough and Apostlebird","Struthidea cinerea dalyi","Mathews, 1923","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 5, no.2-3 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Northern Territory to northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7041688",null,null,"Daly Waters, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my lists of the Birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/340857#page/12/mode/1up","Struthidea cinerea dalyi"],["19690","family","Passeriformes","Ifritidae","Ifrit","Ifritidae",null,null,"Ifrit","Ifrita","Ifrit",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ifriti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ifriti1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19691","genus","Passeriformes","Ifritidae","Ifrit","Ifrita","Rothschild, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ifrita coronata [Rothschild, 1898]; type by monotypy = Todopsis kowaldi De Vis, 1890",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/491/mode/1up","Ifrita"],["19692","species","Passeriformes","Ifritidae","Ifrit","Ifrita kowaldi","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.59","Blue-capped Ifrit","Blue-capped Ifrita","Blue-capped Ifrit",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705379","bucifr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucifr1","avibase-433A907D",null,null,"British New Guinea; type from Owen Stanley Mountains, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 113.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=59","Todopsis kowaldi"],["19693","family","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaeidae",null,null,"Birds-of-paradise","Birds-of-Paradise","Birds-of-paradise",null,null,null,null,null,null,"paradi7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paradi7/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19694","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lycocorax","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.829",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus pyrrhopterus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/839/mode/1up","Lycocorax"],["19695","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lycocorax obiensis","Bernstein, 1865","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.72 p.410","Obi Paradise-crow","Obi Paradise-crow","Obi Paradise-crow","2025-0874","Taxon <em>obiensis </em>is treated as a separate species to <em>Lycocorax pyrrhopterus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, voice, and behavior. Although taxon <em>morotensis </em>is sometimes split, the morphological and vocal differences from <em>L. pyrrhopterus</em> are less pronounced; further research needed.","northern Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103728215","paradi3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paradi3","avibase-4BD91D48",null,null,"Obi.","Ueber einen neuen Paradiesvogel und einige andere neue Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/422/mode/1up","Lycocorax obiensis"],["19696","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lycocorax pyrrhopterus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.384","Halmahera Paradise-crow","Halmahera Paradise-crow","Halmahera Paradise-crow","2025-0874","Taxon <em>obiensis </em>is treated as a separate species to <em>Lycocorax pyrrhopterus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, voice, and behavior. Although taxon <em>morotensis </em>is sometimes split, the morphological and vocal differences from <em>L. pyrrhopterus</em> are less pronounced; further research needed.","Morotai to Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103728181","paradi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paradi2","avibase-EED2D4AE",null,null,"Gilolo [=Halmahera]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/598/mode/1up","C[orvus] pyrrhopterus"],["19697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lycocorax pyrrhopterus morotensis","Schlegel, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.17 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai and Rau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42E35A45",null,null,"Mortay.","[Note from Dr. Schlegel].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/143/mode/1up","Lycocorax morotensis"],["19698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lycocorax pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Bacan, Kasiruta, and Halmahera)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57B6C18F",null,null,"Gilolo [=Halmahera]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/598/mode/1up","C[orvus] pyrrhopterus"],["19699","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus","Lesson & Garnot, 1826","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 8 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Barita keraudrenii [Lesson & Garnot, 1826]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25871#page/122/mode/1up","Phonygammus"],["19700","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus keraudrenii","(Lesson & Garnot, 1826)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 8 p.110","Trumpet Manucode","Trumpet Manucode","Trumpet Manucode",null,null,"New Guinea and northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706134","truman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/truman1","avibase-2B543348",null,null,"Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25871#page/122/mode/1up","Barita Keraudrenii"],["19701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus keraudrenii keraudrenii","(Lesson & Garnot, 1826)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 8 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Bird's Head Peninsula, Onin Peninsula, and Weyland Mountains (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BFF9DAA",null,null,"Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25871#page/122/mode/1up","Barita Keraudrenii"],["19702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus keraudrenii neumanni","Reichenow, 1918","Journal für Ornithologie 66, no.4 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"upland north-central and northeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-485FD0F4",null,null,"Lordberg, Sepik Mts.","Bericht über die Maisitzung 1918","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43359#page/450/mode/1up","Phonygammus neumanni"],["19703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus keraudrenii purpureoviolaceus","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.375 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34128DC6",null,null,"Astrolabe Mts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/385/mode/1up","Phonygama purpureo-violacea"],["19704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus keraudrenii hunsteini","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54BD5821",null,null,"'East Cape, New Guinea', error for Normanby Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/456/mode/1up","Phonygama Hunsteini"],["19705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus keraudrenii jamesii","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C14BE71",null,null,"Aleya, Hall Sound, British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/199/mode/1up","Phonygama jamesii"],["19706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Phonygammus keraudrenii gouldii","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.158,note",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23FBF383",null,null,"Cape York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/218/mode/1up","Manucodia gouldii"],["19707","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Manucodia","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Manucodia chalybea [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Paradisea chalybata J.R. Forster, 1781  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Manucodia"],["19708","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Manucodia jobiensis","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.969","Jobi Manucode","Jobi Manucode","Jobi Manucode",null,null,"lowlands of northern New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706131","jobman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jobman1","avibase-8563ADE6",null,null,"Wonapi, Jobi Island  [Yapen Island], near New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/975/mode/1up","Manucodia jobiensis"],["19709","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Manucodia ater","(Lesson, 1830)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, pt.2, livr.14 p.638","Glossy-mantled Manucode","Glossy-mantled Manucode","Glossy-mantled Manucode","2026-080","The treatment of <em>Manucodia ater alter</em> as a subspecies of <em>M. ater</em> is upheld pending a more thorough analysis of vocal differences. The taxon is sometimes treated as a species separate from <em>M. ater</em> based on differences in plumage, morphology and vocalizations (Gregory &amp; Goulding 2023). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking and a more comprehensive assessment of geographic variation in <em>M. a. ater</em> vocalizations is needed before implementing this split.","patchy in lowland to foothill rainforest, swamp-forest, wooded savanna, and mangroves, of New Guinea, West Papuan Islands, and Tagula Island in Louisiade Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706114","glmman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glmman2","avibase-A841C913",null,null,"Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/288/mode/1up","Phonygama ater"],["19710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Manucodia ater ater","(Lesson, 1830)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, pt.2, livr.14 p.638",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including west Papuan and Aru islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A739167",null,null,"Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/288/mode/1up","Phonygama ater"],["19711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Manucodia ater alter","Rothschild & Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1076FBB",null,null,"Sudest Island.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Vol. VIII., 1901).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/102/mode/1up","Manucodia ater altera"],["19712","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Manucodia chalybatus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40","Crinkle-collared Manucode","Crinkle-collared Manucode","Crinkle-collared Manucode",null,null,"hills and lower montane forest of New Guinea, including Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706121","crcman2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcman2","avibase-80BAF2B9",null,null,"New Guinea, restricted to Arfak Mountains. (Based on Martinet's pl. 634 in Buffon's les Planches enluminées).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.657,%22panY%22:0.674,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:2.291}","Paradisea Chalybata"],["19713","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Manucodia comrii","Sclater, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.459 pl.42","Curl-crested Manucode","Curl-crested Manucode","Curl-crested Manucode",null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago and Trobriand Islands (east of New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706128","cucman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cucman1","avibase-657BF6D8",null,null,"'Huon Gulf', error for Fergusson Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/567/mode/1up","Manucodia comrii"],["19714","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Pteridophora","Meyer, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pteridophora alberti [Meyer, AB, 1894]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/237/mode/1up","Pteridophora"],["19715","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Pteridophora alberti","Meyer, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.11","King of Saxony Bird-of-paradise","King-of-Saxony Bird-of-Paradise","King of Saxony Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"central cordillera of Papua New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706229","kospar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kospar1","avibase-299479DE",null,null,"'Mountains on the Amberno River'; tyjje apparently came from the Weyland Mts.","[New genus and species of Bird of Paradise].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/237/mode/1up","Pteridophora alberti"],["19716","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Paradisea sefilata [Forster, JR, 1781]; type by monotypy = Paradisea sefilata J.R. Forster, 1781  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f41.item","Parotia"],["19717","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia berlepschi","Kleinschmidt, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.46","Bronze Parotia","Bronze Parotia","Bronze Parotia",null,null,"north-central New Guinea (Foja Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103728360","carpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carpar3","avibase-60679E85",null,null,"New Guinea.","Beschreibung eines neuen Paradiesvogels.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/62/mode/1up","Parotia berlepschi"],["19718","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia carolae","Meyer, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4, no.21 p.6","Queen Carola's Parotia","Carola's Parotia","Carola's Parotia",null,null,"montane southwestern and central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706174","carpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carpar1","avibase-2CEE58D1",null,null,"Amberno River [but apparently from the Weyland Mts.].","[Descriptions of a new Parrot and a new Bird of Paradise from New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/232/mode/1up","Parotia carolae"],["19719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia carolae carolae","Meyer, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4, no.21 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Weyland Mountains eastward to Wissel Lakes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FB09528",null,null,"Amberno River [but apparently from the Weyland Mts.].","[Descriptions of a new Parrot and a new Bird of Paradise from New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/232/mode/1up","Parotia carolae"],["19720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia carolae chalcothorax","Stresemann, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Doorman Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF5255D9",null,null,"Doormanpaad, upper Mamberano (Idenburg River).","Vier neue Unterarten von Paradiesvögeln.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0144-0147.pdf#page=2","Parotia carolae chalcothorax"],["19721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia carolae meeki","Rothschild, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Snow Mountains to Victor Emanuel Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C27512C",null,null,"Setekwa River, Dutch New Guinea.","Exhibition and description of a new form of Paradise-bird from the Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/63/mode/1up","Parotia carolae meeki"],["19722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia carolae chrysenia","Stresemann, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"montane central and east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73A6F0EB",null,null,"Lordberg, Sepik Mts.","Vier neue Unterarten von Paradiesvögeln.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0144-0147.pdf#page=4","Parotia carolae chrysenia"],["19723","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia sefilata","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40","Western Parotia","Western Parotia","Western Parotia",null,null,"western New Guinea (Arfak, Tamrau, and Wondiwoi mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706171","wespar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wespar1","avibase-9E0C32C5",null,null,"New Guinea, restricted to the Arfak Mountains. (Based on Martinet's pl. 633 in Buffon's les Planches enluminées).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.643,%22panY%22:0.694,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.909}","Paradisea sefilata"],["19724","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia wahnesi","Rothschild, 1906","Two new birds-of-paradise p.2","Wahnes's Parotia","Wahnes's Parotia","Wahnes's Parotia",null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (northern coastal ranges of Huon Peninsula)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706183","wahpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wahpar1","avibase-29679CC7",null,null,"Rawlinson Mts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195132#page/3/mode/1up","Parotia wahnesi"],["19725","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia lawesii","Ramsay, 1885","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.10, pt.2 p.243","Lawes's Parotia","Lawes's Parotia",null,"2025-0875","Taxon <em>helenae </em>is treated as a separate species from <em>Parotia lawesii</em> based on male narial tuft morphology and bill proportions (Schodde &amp; McKean 1973b), and apparent parapatry. However, mitochondrial differences are limited (Irestedt et al. 2009), and their courtship displays are similar (Scholes 2008); further research needed to affirm this split.","western and southern highlands of Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,"lawpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lawpar3","avibase-420CF84F",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Notes on Birds from Mount Astrolabe, with descriptions of two new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30482#page/293/mode/1up","Parotia lawesii"],["19726","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Parotia helenae","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.390","Eastern Parotia","Eastern Parotia",null,"2025-0875","Taxon <em>helenae </em>is treated as a separate species from <em>Parotia lawesii</em> based on male narial tuft morphology and bill proportions (Schodde &amp; McKean 1973b), and apparent parapatry. However, mitochondrial differences are limited (Irestedt et al. 2009), and their courtship displays are similar (Scholes 2008); further research needed to affirm this split.","northern watershed of Papua New Guinea (Waria to Milne Bay)",null,null,null,"lawpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lawpar2","avibase-EDEAF400",null,null,"Neneba, upper Mambare River, north of Mt. Scratchley.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/448/mode/1up","Parotia helenae"],["19727","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Seleucidis","Lesson, 1835","Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de Paradis et des Épimaques synopsis, p.28 pl.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Seleucides acanthilis [Lesson, 1835]; type by monotypy = Paradisea melanoleuca Daudin, 1800  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137949#page/40/mode/1up","Seleucidis"],["19728","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Seleucidis melanoleucus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.278","Twelve-wired Bird-of-paradise","Twelve-wired Bird-of-Paradise","Twelve-wired Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"New Guinea including west Papuan islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706233","twwbop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/twwbop1","avibase-0EB8052B",null,null,"Waigiou, in error for Salawati or the Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/306/mode/1up","Paradisea melanoleuca"],["19729","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Drepanornis","Sclater, 1873","Nature 8 no.192 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Drepanephorus albertisi [Sclater, PL, 1873]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Drepanornis"],["19730","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Drepanornis bruijnii","Oustalet, 1880","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.6, t.9, no.5 p.1","Pale-billed Sicklebill","Pale-billed Sicklebill","Pale-billed Sicklebill",null,null,"northwestern lowlands of New Guinea (from eastern side of Cenderawasih Bay eastward to the western Sepik basin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706160","pabsic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabsic1","avibase-7EF41BE0",null,null,"'Coast of Geelvink Bay between 136° 30' and 137° of longitude', northern New Guinea.","Description d'une espèce nouvelle de Paradisier (Drepanornis Bruijnii).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109928#page/164/mode/1up","Drepanornis Bruijnii"],["19731","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Drepanornis albertisi","(Sclater, 1873)","Nature 8 p.151","Black-billed Sicklebill","Black-billed Sicklebill","Black-billed Sicklebill",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706157","blbsic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbsic1","avibase-B6F1F3D3",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90442#page/671/mode/1up","Drepanephorus albertisi"],["19732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Drepanornis albertisi albertisi","(Sclater, 1873)","Nature 8 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C15D9ABB",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90442#page/671/mode/1up","Drepanephorus albertisi"],["19733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Drepanornis albertisi cervinicauda","Sclater, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.578",null,null,null,null,null,"central to southeastern cordillera of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAFAEA5C",null,null,"'Vicinity of Port Moresby'.","[Exhibition of four skins of a species of Drepanornis, obtained by Mr. Goldie in the vicinity of Port Moresby in Southern New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/710/mode/1up","Drepanornis albertisi cervinicauda"],["19734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Drepanornis albertisi geisleri","Meyer, 1893","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 4, no.3 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Huon Peninsula (northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E980508B",null,null,"Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104468#page/151/mode/1up","Drepanornis geisleri"],["19735","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Semioptera","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Paradisea wallacii [Gray, GR, 1859]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/186/mode/1up","Semioptera"],["19736","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Semioptera wallacii","Gray, 1859","The Athenæum. Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts no.1639 p.425","Standardwing","Standardwing Bird-of-Paradise","Standardwing Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"Halmahera to Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706140","walsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/walsta2","avibase-5B56D6BE",null,null,"Bat Jan.",null,null,"Semioptera wallacei"],["19737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Semioptera wallacii halmaherae","Salvadori, 1881","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 2 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"hill and montane forest of Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-954B877B",null,null,"Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219670#page/593/mode/1up","Semioptera unllacei var. Halmaherae"],["19738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Semioptera wallacii wallacii","Gray, 1859","The Athenæum. Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts no.1639 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"hill and montane forest of Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AC92679",null,null,"Bat Jan.",null,null,"Semioptera wallacei"],["19739","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.35",null,null,null,"2025-0877","The riflebirds are placed in <em>Ptiloris</em>, rather than <em>Lophorina</em>, based on morphological evidence. However, mitochondrial DNA and multilocus data (Irestedt et al. 2009, 2017) indicate a deep divergence within <em>Ptiloris</em> which may render the genus paraphyletic; further research required.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Paradisea superba [Forster, JR, 1781]; type by monotypy = Paradisea superba J.R. Forster, 1781  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f41.item","Lophorina"],["19740","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina minor","Ramsay, 1885","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.10, pt.2 p.242-243","Lesser Lophorina","Lesser Lophorina","Eastern Superb Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"southeastern Papua New Guinea (mountains of the Papuan Peninsula, west at least to the Wharton Range)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/181524214","lesbop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesbop1","avibase-847EFC94",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Notes on Birds from Mount Astrolabe, with descriptions of two new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30482#page/292/mode/1up","Lophorina superba minor"],["19741","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina superba","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40","Vogelkop Lophorina","Vogelkop Lophorina","Western Superb Bird-of-paradise","2025-0876","Taxon <em>latipennis </em>of central New Guinea (polytypic, including <em>feminina </em>and <em>addenda</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Lophorina superba</em> of western New Guinea (polytypic, including <em>niedda</em>), and <em>L. minor</em> from southeastern New Guinea, based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Irestedt et al. (2017). This treatment is also based on arguments for re-neotypification of <em>superba</em> to the Vogelkop population and resolution of disagreement as to the nomenclature of the western and central taxa (Schodde et al. 2021; Elliott et al. 2022). The affinities of <em>addenda </em>will require clarification using nuclear or genomic DNA.","montane northwestern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/181524349","vosbop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vosbop1","avibase-54154974",null,null,"New Guinea. (Based on Martinet's pl. 632 in Buffon's les Planches enluminées).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.643,%22panY%22:0.694,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.909}","Paradisea Superba"],["19742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina superba superba","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of the Bird's Head Peninsula (northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D7987EB",null,null,"New Guinea. (Based on Martinet's pl. 632 in Buffon's les Planches enluminées).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.643,%22panY%22:0.694,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.909}","Paradisea Superba"],["19743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina superba niedda","Mayr, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of the Wandammen Peninsula (Bird's Neck, West Papua, New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-507F94D7",null,null,"Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains.","Die Unterarten des Kragenparadiesvogels (Lophorina superba).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0178-0180.pdf#page=2","Lophorina superba niedda"],["19744","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina latipennis","Rothschild, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.92","Greater Lophorina","Greater Lophorina","Central Superb Bird-of-paradise","2025-0876","Taxon <em>latipennis </em>of central New Guinea (polytypic, including <em>feminina </em>and <em>addenda</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Lophorina superba</em> of western New Guinea (polytypic, including <em>niedda</em>), and <em>L. minor</em> from southeastern New Guinea, based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Irestedt et al. (2017). This treatment is also based on arguments for re-neotypification of <em>superba</em> to the Vogelkop population and resolution of disagreement as to the nomenclature of the western and central taxa (Schodde et al. 2021; Elliott et al. 2022). The affinities of <em>addenda </em>will require clarification using nuclear or genomic DNA.","montane west-central, east-central, and northeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/181524111","grsbop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grsbop1","avibase-0B08DF8F",null,null,"Rawlinson Mountains.","Description of a new Bird-of-Paradise.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/516/mode/1up","Lophorina minor latipennis"],["19745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina latipennis feminina","Ogilvie-Grant, 1915","Ibis ser.10, Jubilee suppl. no.2 p.27-28",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western New Guinea, from the Kobowre Mountains (West Papua, Indonesia) to the Sepik-Strickland River Divide (western Papua New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E07EE180",null,null,"Utakwa River, Nassau Range.","Report on the Birds collected by the British Ornithologists' Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100945#page/55/mode/1up","Lophorina superba feminina"],["19746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina latipennis addenda","Iredale, 1948","The Australian Zoologist 11 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern ranges of New Guinea, from the Yuat-Strickland River Divide and the base of the southeastern Peninsula, Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC5D5762",null,null,"Mt. Hagen district.","A check-list of the Birds of Paradise and Bower-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100945#page/55/mode/1up","Lophorina superba addenda"],["19747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Lophorina latipennis latipennis","Rothschild, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (mountains of the Huon Peninsula, and presumably also the Herzog and Adelbert Ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEC3B8CA",null,null,"Rawlinson Mountains.","Description of a new Bird-of-Paradise.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/516/mode/1up","Lophorina minor latipennis"],["19748","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Ptiloris","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.479",null,null,null,"2025-0877","The riflebirds are placed in <em>Ptiloris</em>, rather than <em>Lophorina</em>, based on morphological evidence. However, mitochondrial DNA and multilocus data (Irestedt et al. 2009, 2017) indicate a deep divergence within <em>Ptiloris</em> which may render the genus paraphyletic; further research required.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptiloris paradiseus [Swainson, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/511/mode/1up","Ptiloris"],["19749","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Ptiloris paradiseus","Swainson, 1825","The Zoological Journal 1, no.4 p.481","Paradise Riflebird","Paradise Riflebird","Paradise Riflebird",null,null,"eastern Australia (Kroombit Tops, Gympie, southeastern Queensland to Barrington Tops, northeastern New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706196","parrif1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parrif1","avibase-612E3B48",null,null,"No locality [= northern New South Wales].","LX. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several New Birds from Australasia ; including some Observations on the Columbidae'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88099#page/513/mode/1up","Ptiloris paradiseus"],["19750","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Ptiloris victoriae","Gould, 1850","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.196 p.111 pl.12","Victoria's Riflebird","Victoria's Riflebird","Victoria's Riflebird",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706193","vicrif1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vicrif1","avibase-A19AD1E4",null,null,"Barnard Island, North Queensland.","On new species of Mammalia and Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/167/mode/1up","Ptiloris Victoriae"],["19751","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Ptiloris intercedens","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.444","Growling Riflebird","Growling Riflebird","Growling Riflebird",null,null,"lowlands of central and southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706189","magrif2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magrif2","avibase-4A27D2EB",null,null,"Milne Bay and East Cape, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/458/mode/1up","Ptiloris intercedens"],["19752","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Ptiloris magnificus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.167, pl.G.39 fig.3","Magnificent Riflebird","Magnificent Riflebird","Magnificent Riflebird",null,null,"western and central New Guinea and northern Cape York Peninsula, northeastern Queensland (northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706186","magrif3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magrif3","avibase-D3B4EDA8",null,null,"'Nouvelle Guinée', restricted to Dorey, Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/183/mode/1up","Falcinellus magnificus"],["19753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Ptiloris magnificus alberti","Elliot, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.581 (in text), 583-584",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19637B52",null,null,"Cape York, Australia.","Review of the Genus Ptiloris, Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/695/mode/1up","Ptiloris alberti"],["19754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Ptiloris magnificus magnificus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.167, pl.G.39 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western and west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE624802",null,null,"'Nouvelle Guinée', restricted to Dorey, Vogelkop.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/183/mode/1up","Falcinellus magnificus"],["19755","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Epimachus","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Upupa magna [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Promerops fastosus Hermann, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/449/mode/1up","Epimachus"],["19756","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Epimachus fastosus","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.194","Black Sicklebill","Black Sicklebill","Black Sicklebill",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea and northern coastal ranges",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706151","blasic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blasic1","avibase-7F57334C",null,null,"New Guinea, restricted to the Arfak Mountains by Hartert (1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 33).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/214/mode/1up","Promerops fastuosus"],["19757","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Epimachus meyeri","Finsch & Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.380","Brown Sicklebill","Brown Sicklebill","Brown Sicklebill",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706154","brosic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brosic1","avibase-6117EEE5",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/390/mode/1up","Epimachus Meyeri"],["19758","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradigalla","Lesson, 1835","Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de Paradis et des Épimaques p.242",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Paradigalla carunculata [Lesson, 1835]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137949#page/290/mode/1up","Paradigalla"],["19759","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradigalla carunculata","Lesson, 1835","Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de Paradis et des Épimaques p.242","Long-tailed Paradigalla","Long-tailed Paradigalla","Long-tailed Paradigalla",null,null,"western New Guinea (Arfak and Fakfak mountains)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706145","lotpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotpar1","avibase-F911AF79",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137949#page/290/mode/1up","Paradigalla carunculata"],["19760","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradigalla brevicauda","Rothschild & Hartert, 1911","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.2 p.159","Short-tailed Paradigalla","Short-tailed Paradigalla","Short-tailed Paradigalla",null,null,"patchily distributed mountains of western and central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706148","shtpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtpar1","avibase-1444D04F",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Dutch New Guinea.","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from Central New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/179/mode/1up","Paradigalla brevicauda"],["19761","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.36",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Paradisea nigra [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f42.item","Astrapia"],["19762","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia nigra","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.401","Arfak Astrapia","Arfak Astrapia","Arfak Astrapia",null,null,"western New Guinea (Arfak Mountains); sight record from Tamrau Mountains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706212","arfast1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arfast1","avibase-58CC9EE3",null,null,"'Oceanic Islands', restricted to the Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/413/mode/1up","Paradisea nigra"],["19763","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia splendidissima","Rothschild, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.59","Splendid Astrapia","Splendid Astrapia","Splendid Astrapia",null,null,"montane western and central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706215","splast1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/splast1","avibase-AAC25028",null,null,"'Probably foot of Charles-Louis Mountains' ; type came almost certainly from the Weyland Mts.","A new Bird of Paradise.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/83/mode/1up","Astrapia splendidissima"],["19764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia splendidissima splendidissima","Rothschild, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"western segment of central cordillera of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5B501FC",null,null,"'Probably foot of Charles-Louis Mountains' ; type came almost certainly from the Weyland Mts.","A new Bird of Paradise.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/83/mode/1up","Astrapia splendidissima"],["19765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia splendidissima helios","Mayr, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.869 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of west-central New Guinea (central Western and Border ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BCEB978",null,null,"Mount Goliath, Oranje Range, Dutch New Guinea.","New subspecies of birds from the New Guinea region.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3966/","Astrapia splendidissima helios"],["19766","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia rothschildi","Förster, 1906","Two new birds-of-paradise p.2","Huon Astrapia","Huon Astrapia","Huon Astrapia",null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706226","huoast1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/huoast1","avibase-2B6125A5",null,null,"Rawlinson Mts., northeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195132#page/3/mode/1up","Astrapia rothschildi"],["19767","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia mayeri","Stonor, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.57","Ribbon-tailed Astrapia","Ribbon-tailed Astrapia","Ribbon-tailed Astrapia",null,null,"central cordillera of eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706218","ritast1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ritast1","avibase-8F49F932",null,null,"'Eighty to a hundred miles west of Mt. Hagen [Station]' [= Mt. Hagen].","A new Species of Paradise Bird of the Genus Astrapia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/87/mode/1up","Astrapia mayeri"],["19768","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia stephaniae","(Finsch & Meyer, 1886)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.378","Princess Stephanie's Astrapia","Stephanie's Astrapia","Stephanie's Astrapia",null,null,"montane eastern and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706222","prsast1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prsast1","avibase-81167821",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/388/mode/1up","Astrarchia stephaniae"],["19769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia stephaniae feminina","Neumann, 1922","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 15 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"Schrader and Bismarck ranges and Sepik-Wahgi divide",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34683AEE",null,null,"Schraderberg, Sepilc Mts., 60 miles north of Hagen Mountains.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen und polynesischen Inselreich.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101651#page/256/mode/1up","Astrapia feminina"],["19770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Astrapia stephaniae stephaniae","(Finsch & Meyer, 1886)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (central highlands to Owen Stanley Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDD36C87",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/388/mode/1up","Astrarchia stephaniae"],["19771","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Cicinnurus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.35",null,null,null,"2025-0878","Taxa <em>magnificus </em>and <em>respublica </em>are placed in <em>Diphyllodes</em>, rather than <em>Cicinnurus</em>, based on the multilocus DNA data of Irestedt et al. (2009). However, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the birds of paradise is needed to affirm taxonomic limits in this group.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Paradisaea regia [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Paradisaea regia Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f41.item","Cicinnurus"],["19772","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Cicinnurus regius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.110","King Bird-of-paradise","King Bird-of-Paradise","King Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706208","kbopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kbopar1","avibase-77A0EB9D",null,null,"East Indies = Aru Islands (Berlepsch, 1911).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/128/mode/1up","Paradisaea regia"],["19773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Cicinnurus regius regius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea, including west Papuan and Aru islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A15BA78C",null,null,"East Indies = Aru Islands (Berlepsch, 1911).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/128/mode/1up","Paradisaea regia"],["19774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons","Rothschild, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, central, eastern New Guinea including Yapen Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46B664FC",null,null,"Jobi (=Yapen) Island, Geelvink Bay","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. I. List of three small collections from British New Guinea, mostly brought together in the Owen Stanley Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/28/mode/1up","Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons"],["19775","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Diphyllodes","Lesson, 1834","Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de Paradis et des Épimaques p.189; Synopsis p.16",null,null,null,"2025-0878","Taxa <em>magnificus </em>and <em>respublica </em>are placed in <em>Diphyllodes</em>, rather than <em>Cicinnurus</em>, based on the multilocus DNA data of Irestedt et al. (2009). However, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the birds of paradise is needed to affirm taxonomic limits in this group.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Diphyllodes magnificus [Lesson, 1835]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137949#page/237/mode/1up","Diphyllodes"],["19776","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Diphyllodes respublica","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 p.131,note","Wilson's Bird-of-paradise","Wilson's Bird-of-Paradise","Wilson's Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"Waigeo and Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706202","wbopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbopar1","avibase-1B03A722",null,null,"'New Guinea' [= Waigeu].","Nouvelles espèces ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26392#page/141/mode/1up","Lophorina respublica"],["19777","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Diphyllodes magnificus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40","Magnificent Bird-of-paradise","Magnificent Bird-of-Paradise","Magnificent Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"New Guinea and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706199","mbopar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mbopar2","avibase-249364E0",null,null,"New Guinea. Restricted to the Arfak Mountains. (Based on Martinet's pl. 631 in Buffon's les Planches enluminées).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.643,%22panY%22:0.694,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.909}","Paradisea Magnifica"],["19778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Diphyllodes magnificus magnificus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula and Bird's Neck), including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7A42251",null,null,"New Guinea. Restricted to the Arfak Mountains. (Based on Martinet's pl. 631 in Buffon's les Planches enluminées).","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[56],%22panX%22:0.643,%22panY%22:0.694,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.909}","Paradisea Magnifica"],["19779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Diphyllodes magnificus chrysopterus","Elliot, 1873","A monograph of the Paradiseidæ, or birds of paradise p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7622FD84",null,null,"'Jobi Island'.",null,null,"Diphyllodes speciosus var. chrysopterus"],["19780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Diphyllodes magnificus hunsteini","Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.389, pl. 21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FEF9E4B",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea [near Astrolabe Mts.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/582/mode/1up","Diphyllodes Hunsteini"],["19781","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisornis","Meyer, 1885","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.385",null,null,null,"2025-0879","Taxon <em>rudolphi </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Paradisornis </em>based mainly on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Irestedt et al. 2009; Stelbrink et al. 2022), and morphological and behavioral evidence. Genome-wide data would be informative.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Paradisornis rudolpki [Finsch]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Paradisornis"],["19782","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisornis rudolphi","Finsch & Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.385 pl.20","Blue Bird-of-paradise","Blue Bird-of-Paradise","Blue Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"central and southeastern New Guinea",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706266","bbopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbopar1","avibase-4EF0FE4A",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeast New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/395/mode/1up","Paradisornis Rudolphi"],["19783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisornis rudolphi margaritae","(Mayr & Gilliard, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1524 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BB21544",null,null,"Kimil River, 20 miles westnorthwest of Nondugl, Wahgi Valley, Central Highlands, Mandated Territory of New Guinea.","New species and subspecies of birds from the highlands of New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3912/","Paradisaea rudolphi margaritae"],["19784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisornis rudolphi rudolphi","Finsch & Meyer, 1886","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.385 pl.20",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A075A53",null,null,"Hufeisengebirge, southeast New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/395/mode/1up","Paradisornis Rudolphi"],["19785","genus","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Paradisaea apoda [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 39).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/128/mode/1up","Paradisaea"],["19786","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea guilielmi","Cabanis, 1888","Journal für Ornithologie 36, no.181 p.119","Emperor Bird-of-paradise","Emperor Bird-of-Paradise","Emperor Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (lower mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706261","ebopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ebopar1","avibase-24369C90",null,null,"Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, restricted to the Sattelberg.","Vorläufige Notiz über 2 neue Paradies-Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101705#page/129/mode/1up","Paradisea Guilielmi"],["19787","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea rubra","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.271","Red Bird-of-paradise","Red Bird-of-Paradise","Red Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"Waigeo, Batanta, and satellite islands (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706241","rbopar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbopar2","avibase-2215C01D",null,null,"'New Guinea', error for Waigeu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/299/mode/1up","Paradisea rubra"],["19788","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea decora","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.131","Goldie's Bird-of-paradise","Goldie's Bird-of-Paradise","Goldie's Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"Fergusson and Normanby, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706257","gbopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbopar1","avibase-E7BFC77A",null,null,"Fergusson Island.","Discovery of a new Bird of Paradise.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/167/mode/1up","Paradisea decora"],["19789","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea minor","Shaw, 1809","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.486","Lesser Bird-of-paradise","Lesser Bird-of-Paradise","Lesser Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"western and northern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706245","lbopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lbopar1","avibase-A5CF883E",null,null,"'New Guinea', restricted to Dorey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/644/mode/1up","Paradisea minor"],["19790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea minor minor","Shaw, 1809","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern to north-central New Guinea, including Misool Island (west Papuan islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9358A6A",null,null,"'New Guinea', restricted to Dorey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/644/mode/1up","Paradisea minor"],["19791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea minor jobiensis","Rothschild, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24F84F11",null,null,"Jobi Island.","Exhibition of skins of Paradisea minor and allies, P. finschi, and P. minor jobiensis, subsp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/406/mode/1up","Paradisea minor jobiensis"],["19792","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea apoda","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.110","Greater Bird-of-paradise","Greater Bird-of-Paradise","Greater Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"southern New Guinea including Aru Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706249","gbopar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbopar2","avibase-4977903D",null,null,"India [= Aru Islands].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/128/mode/1up","Paradisaea apoda"],["19793","species","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea raggiana","Sclater, 1873","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.559","Raggiana Bird-of-paradise","Raggiana Bird-of-Paradise","Raggiana Bird-of-paradise",null,null,"northeastern and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706253","rbopar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbopar1","avibase-BD094FE6",null,null,"Orangerie Bay.","[On a series of new and rare birds of a collection made in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis in company with Signor Beccari].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/679/mode/1up","Paradisea raggiana"],["19794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea raggiana salvadorii","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1315704",null,null,"Vanumai, Centr. Div. Papua, southeast New Guinea. June 11, 1929; Hannibal Hamlin","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Paradisaea apoda salvadorii"],["19795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea raggiana raggiana","Sclater, 1873","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.2 p.559",null,null,null,null,null,"southern watershed of southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59DB9709",null,null,"Orangerie Bay.","[On a series of new and rare birds of a collection made in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis in company with Signor Beccari].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/679/mode/1up","Paradisea raggiana"],["19796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea raggiana intermedia","De Vis, 1894","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northern coast of southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E87F71DD",null,null,"Kumusi River, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=35","Paradisea intermedia"],["19797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradisaeidae","Birds-of-paradise","Paradisaea raggiana augustaevictoriae","Cabanis, 1888","Journal für Ornithologie 36, no.181 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Huon Peninsula to Waria and lower Mambare rivers)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F10212C0",null,null,"'Kaiser Wilhelm's Land', restricted to Finschhafen.","Vorläufige Notiz über 2 neue Paradies-Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101705#page/129/mode/1up","Paradisea Augustae Victoriae"],["19798","family","Passeriformes","Melampittidae","Melampittas","Melampittidae",null,null,"Melampittas","Melampittas","Melampittas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"melamp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melamp1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19799","genus","Passeriformes","Melampittidae","Melampittas","Melampitta","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.47",null,null,null,"2025-0965","Taxon <em>gigantea </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Megalampitta </em>based on morphology (Schodde &amp; Christidis 2014), structure of the syrinx (Mayr 1931), and genetics (Barker et al. 2004; McCullough et al. 2022), being deeply diverged from <em>Melampitta lugubris</em> in genomic and multilocus DNA analyses.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Melampitta lugubris [Schlegel, 1871]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/59/mode/1up","Melampitta"],["19800","species","Passeriformes","Melampittidae","Melampittas","Melampitta lugubris","Schlegel, 1871","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.47","Lesser Melampitta","Lesser Melampitta","Lesser Melampitta",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706085","lesmel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesmel1","avibase-3F1AEE95",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/59/mode/1up","Melampitta lugubris"],["19801","genus","Passeriformes","Melampittidae","Melampittas","Megalampitta","Schodde & Christidis, 2014","Zootaxa 3786 p.513 [501-522]",null,null,null,"2025-0965","Taxon <em>gigantea </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Megalampitta </em>based on morphology (Schodde &amp; Christidis 2014), structure of the syrinx (Mayr 1931), and genetics (Barker et al. 2004; McCullough et al. 2022), being deeply diverged from <em>Melampitta lugubris</em> in genomic and multilocus DNA analyses.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Mellopitta gigantea [Rothschild, 1899]; type by original designation",null,"Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal","https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3786.5.1","Megalampitta"],["19802","species","Passeriformes","Melampittidae","Melampittas","Megalampitta gigantea","(Rothschild, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.137","Greater Melampitta","Greater Melampitta","Greater Melampitta",null,null,"patchily distributed lower montane slopes of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706088","gremel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gremel1","avibase-587D3DB6",null,null,"Mount Moari, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","Ein neuer interessanter Vogel aus Neuguinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/153/mode/1up","Mellopitta gigantea"],["19803","family","Passeriformes","Platylophidae","Jayshrike","Platylophidae",null,null,"Jayshrike","Crested Jayshrike","Crested Shrikejay",null,null,null,null,null,null,"platyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/platyl1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19804","genus","Passeriformes","Platylophidae","Jayshrike","Platylophus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Garrulus galericulatus [Vieillot]; type by original designation = Corvus galericulatus Cuvier, 1816  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/656/mode/1up","Platylophus"],["19805","species","Passeriformes","Platylophidae","Jayshrike","Platylophus galericulatus","(Cuvier, 1816)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.399","Crested Jayshrike","Crested Jayshrike","Crested Jayshrike",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Malayan Peninsula from far southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to southern Malaysia, and in Sumatra, Borneo, and Java, including satellite islands off western and southeastern Sumatra and southwestern Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705602","crejay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crejay1","avibase-0C6B4B57",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/441/mode/1up","Corvus galericulatus"],["19806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platylophidae","Jayshrike","Platylophus galericulatus ardesiacus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-656DADF4",null,null,"'Java?,' error for Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/582/mode/1up","Lophocitta ardesiaca"],["19807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platylophidae","Jayshrike","Platylophus galericulatus coronatus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo (except northern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADA27A1F",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/338/mode/1up","Lanius coronatus"],["19808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platylophidae","Jayshrike","Platylophus galericulatus lemprieri","Nicholson, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C1D5A61",null,null,"northeastern Borneo [= Sandakan Bay].","On a Collection of Birds from Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/122/mode/1up","Platylophus lemprieri"],["19809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Platylophidae","Jayshrike","Platylophus galericulatus galericulatus","(Cuvier, 1816)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD0E1D6",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/441/mode/1up","Corvus galericulatus"],["19810","family","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Laniidae",null,null,"Shrikes","Shrikes","Shrikes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"laniid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laniid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19811","genus","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Corvinella","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.372",null,null,null,"2025-1166","<em>Corvinella </em>and <em>Urolestes </em>are accepted as monotypic genera, rather than being placed in <em>Lanius</em>, pending further research. Although mitochondrial-dominated (Fuchs et al. 2019) and genomic DNA (McCullough et al. 2023) data suggest that these highly sociable and distinctly-plumaged birds are deeply diverged from <em>Lanius</em>, phylogenetic relationships remain poorly resolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lanius corvinus [Shaw, 1809]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/410/mode/1up","Corvinella"],["19812","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Corvinella corvina","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.337","Yellow-billed Shrike","Yellow-billed Shrike","Yellow-billed Shrike",null,null,"savanna to gardens of lowlands to highlands from southern Mauritania eastward to southern Sudan, and in south to Uganda and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705103","yebshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebshr1","avibase-E44FAD6F",null,null,"no type locality (= Senegal, Lesson, 1831).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/461/mode/1up","Lanius corvinus"],["19813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Corvinella corvina corvina","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegal to Mali and northwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68E75693",null,null,"no type locality (= Senegal, Lesson, 1831).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/461/mode/1up","Lanius corvinus"],["19814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Corvinella corvina togoensis","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.3 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Sierra Leone to southern Chad and Sudan (Darfur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC5815B9",null,null,"Kete Krachi, Togoland.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil (Schluss).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/273/mode/1up","Corvinella corvina togoensis"],["19815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Corvinella corvina affinis","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21AC974C",null,null,"Nubia: type locality restricted to White Nile south of latitude 7°, southern Sudan, by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 63, p. 22).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/178/mode/1up","Corvinella affinis"],["19816","genus","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Urolestes","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.75.",null,null,null,"2025-1166","<em>Corvinella </em>and <em>Urolestes </em>are accepted as monotypic genera, rather than being placed in <em>Lanius</em>, pending further research. Although mitochondrial (Fuchs et al. 2019) and genomic DNA (McCullough et al. 2023) data suggest that these highly sociable and distinctly-plumaged birds are deeply diverged from <em>Lanius</em>, taxon sampling is incomplete and phylogenetic relationships remain poorly resolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius melanoleucus [Jardine, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/91/mode/1up","Urolestes"],["19817","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Urolestes melanoleucus","(Jardine, 1831)","The Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science n.s. 1 no.4 p.209","Magpie Shrike","Magpie Shrike","Magpie Shrike",null,null,"savanna of lowlands to hills from far southern Kenya and Tanzania, and disjunctly from southern Angola eastward to northern Mozambique and southward to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705107","magshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magshr1","avibase-56A7F384",null,null,"Orange River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20060#page/227/mode/1up","Lanius melanoleucus"],["19818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Urolestes melanoleucus aequatorialis","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Africa (north of the Zambezi River) northward to Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE3017C0",null,null,"Gasa Mts. [Irangi District, Tanganyika Territory].","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/77/mode/1up","Urolestes aequatorialis"],["19819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Urolestes melanoleucus expressus","(Clancey, 1961)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.3 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe to northeastern South Africa (Mpumalanga and northeastern KwaZulu-Natal), eastern Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8528B3D2",null,null,"Game Farm ‘‘Malamala’’, near Newington, eastern Transvaal lowveld, South Africa. 20th July, 1952. Collected by P. A. Clancey.","Geographical variation in the South African populations of the Magpie-Shrike Lanius melanoleucus Jardine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/84/mode/1up","Lanius melanoleucus expressus"],["19820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Urolestes melanoleucus melanoleucus","(Jardine, 1831)","The Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science n.s. 1 no.4 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Africa south of the Zambezi River to eastern Angola and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6FDE51A",null,null,"Orange River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20060#page/227/mode/1up","Lanius melanoleucus"],["19821","genus","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93",null,null,null,"2025-1166","<em>Corvinella </em>and <em>Urolestes </em>are accepted as monotypic genera, rather than being placed in <em>Lanius</em>, pending further research. Although mitochondrial (Fuchs et al. 2019) and genomic DNA (McCullough et al. 2023) data suggest that these highly sociable and distinctly-plumaged birds are deeply diverged from <em>Lanius</em>, taxon sampling is incomplete and phylogenetic relationships remain poorly resolved.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius excubitor [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 294).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Lanius"],["19822","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius cabanisi","Hartert, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.404","Long-tailed Fiscal","Long-tailed Fiscal","Long-tailed Fiscal",null,null,"lowland to foothill savanna, shrubby open woodland, and cultivation, from southern Somalia southward through southern Kenya to eastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705057","lotfis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotfis1","avibase-836EDA33",null,null,"Mombasa (see von der Decken's Reisen Ost Afr., 4, p. 331).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/418/mode/1up","Lanius cabanisi"],["19823","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitoroides","Prévost & des Murs, 1851","Voyage en Abyssinie exécuté pendant les années 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843 (etc.). Quatrième partie. Histoire naturelle. Zoologie. Vol. 6 3 p.195","Grey-backed Fiscal","Gray-backed Fiscal","Grey-backed Fiscal",null,null,"savanna to gardens in lowlands to hills of southeastern Mauritania eastward to southern Sudan and central Ethiopia, and southward to south-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705053","gybfis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybfis1","avibase-02B6A30C",null,null,"Abyssinie and Nubie = White Nile (see Neumann, 1927, Ibis, p. 506-8).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54916#page/198/mode/1up","Lanius excubitoroides"],["19824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitoroides excubitoroides","Prévost & des Murs, 1851","Voyage en Abyssinie exécuté pendant les années 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843 (etc.). Quatrième partie. Histoire naturelle. Zoologie. Vol. 6 3 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mauritania to western Sudan, Mali, Chad, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0D0AD44",null,null,"Abyssinie and Nubie = White Nile (see Neumann, 1927, Ibis, p. 506-8).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54916#page/198/mode/1up","Lanius excubitoroides"],["19825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitoroides intercedens","Neumann, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ethiopia to northwestern Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE000116",null,null,"Hawash Valley south of Sekwala, Abyssinia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/242/mode/1up","Lanius excubitorius intercedens"],["19826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitoroides boehmi","Reichenow, 1902","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.2 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania to Rwanda, southwestern Uganda, and southwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7571BFC2",null,null,"Boga Katani, east of Lake Tanganyika.","Bericht über die Märzsitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/268/mode/1up","Lanius böhmi"],["19827","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius dorsalis","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205,225","Taita Fiscal","Taita Fiscal","Taita Fiscal",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry open woodland, acacia woodland, and scrubby savanna, from southeastern South Sudan and northeastern Uganda eastward through southern Ethiopia to southern Somalia, and southward to northeastern Tanzania; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705061","taifis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taifis1","avibase-64772F0F",null,null,"Ndi, Teita.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Lanius (Fiscus) dorsalis"],["19828","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius somalicus","Hartlaub, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.342","Somali Fiscal","Somali Fiscal","Somali Fiscal",null,null,"lowland and foothill short-grass savanna, arid open bush, semi-desert, and stony desert, from northeastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward to southeastern South Sudan and northwestern Kenya; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705066","somfis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somfis1","avibase-F7932185",null,null,"Bender Gam, Ker-Singeli-Somals country, Red Sea.","List of Birds observed and collected during a Voyage in the Red Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/384/mode/1up","Lanius somalicus"],["19829","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94","Great Grey Shrike","Great Gray Shrike","Great Grey Shrike",null,null,"lowland to montane open areas, from tundra and taiga to steppe, semi-desert, and rocky desert, from Scandinavia and France eastward to western Siberia, Caucasus, and Mongolia, and southward to Canary Islands, northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Socotra, and India; many populations move downslope in winter or migrate to lowland Europe, Middle East, or southern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103718932","norshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norshr1","avibase-DB2501EE",null,null,"Europe, restricted to Sweden (Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 418).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius excubitor"],["19830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor excubitor","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western and northern Europe eastward to western Siberia; winters to Türkiye and the Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EEFA1C6",null,null,"Europe, restricted to Sweden (Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 418).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius excubitor"],["19831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor homeyeri","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Europe and southwestern Siberia; winters to southwestern and central Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC89572D",null,null,"Volga and Crimea. The 'type' is from the lower Volga according to Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 420.","[Vortrag über die grauen, mit Lanius excubitor verwandten oder bisher verwechselten Würger, dessen Resultat die Bereicherung der europäischen Ornis mit zwei für dieselbe neuen Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/87/mode/1up","Lanius homeyeri"],["19832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor koenigi","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.309-310",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8270D193",null,null,"Tenerife, Canaries.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. V. Kapitel. Die Fauna der Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/351/mode/1up","Lanius algeriensis koenigi"],["19833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor algeriensis","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.134-135",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco (north of Atlas Mountains), coastal northern Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBC16B4B",null,null,"Or an.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Pie-grièche tuée à Oran (Lanius algeriensis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/142/mode/1up","Lanius algeriensis"],["19834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor elegans","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sahara (Mauritania to Sinai Peninsula and Red Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D401338",null,null,"'fur countries . . . Hudson Bay' ; error : restricted to Tilremt, northern Algerian Sahara by Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1752, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/216/mode/1up","Lanius elegans"],["19835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor leucopygos","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.e p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sahara and Sahel from Mauritania to western and central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CD088C8",null,null,"Dongola, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/68/mode/1up","Lanius leucopygos"],["19836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor aucheri","Bonaparte, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Sudan and northwestern Somalia eastward through Arabian Peninsula to Iraq and southern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF140DDD",null,null,"Persia.","Monographie des Laniens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/316/mode/1up","Lanius aucheri"],["19837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor theresae","Meinertzhagen, 1953","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73, no.6 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Lebanon and northern Israel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A268A41B",null,null,"Galilee, northern Palestine.","A new geographical race of Shrike, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/110/mode/1up","Lanius excubitor theresae"],["19838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor buryi","Lorenz von Liburnau & Hellmayr, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-601A215F",null,null,"Yeshbum, southern Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/57/mode/1up","Lanius buryi"],["19839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor uncinatus","Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.168 fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C0AF9D1",null,null,"Socotra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/228/mode/1up","Lanius uncinatus"],["19840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor lahtora","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pakistan and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5B0435C",null,null,"Dukhun [= Deccan].","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/290/mode/1up","Collurio lahtora"],["19841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius excubitor pallidirostris","Cassin, 1851","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.10 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southwestern Russia and northeastern Iran eastward to southern Mongolia, western China, southeastern Afghanistan, and southwestern Pakistan; partially migratory, south of northeastern Africa (to Sudan, northwestern Somalia), the Arabian Peninsula, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ED7A44D",null,null,"East Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/270/mode/1up","Lanius pallidirostris"],["19842","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134","Loggerhead Shrike","Loggerhead Shrike","Loggerhead Shrike",null,null,"breeds in varied open habitats with bushy vegetation from eastern Washington and Alberta eastward to southwestern Manitoba (south-central Canada), southward to southern Baja California and Oaxaca (western Mexico), including islands off southern California, and locally in southeastern USA to the Gulf coast and southern Florida; populations from southern USA southward are resident, and reaches southeastern Mexico in winter; formerly much more widespread in eastern North America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705042","logshr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/logshr","avibase-36171C2B",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius ludovicianus"],["19843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.115, pl. 34",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Canada southward through central and western USA; winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70BD6643",null,null,"Carlton House.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/209/mode/1up","Lanius excubitorides"],["19844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus migrans","Palmer, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.248-249",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern North America (now very locally southeastern Canada and northeastern USA states, more widely in southeastern states to eastern Texas); winters to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CE0110E",null,null,"Kingston, Ontario, Canada.","Our small eastern Shrikes.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/8/","Lanius ludovicianus migrans"],["19845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90238FED",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/138/mode/1up","Lanius ludovicianus"],["19846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi","Mearns, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.261-264",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Channel Islands (off southern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F826F7B3",null,null,"Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Group, California.","Description of two new birds from the Santa Barbara Islands, southern Californa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/9/","Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi"],["19847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"San Clemente Island (off southern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC1663B3",null,null,"San Clemente Island, California.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/121/mode/1up","Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi"],["19848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli","Oberholser, 1919","Wilson Bulletin 31, no.3 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California (San Diego County) and northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-475852FA",null,null,"San Fernando, Lower California.","Description of another new subspecies of Lanius ludovicianus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol31/iss3/3/","Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli"],["19849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus","Brehm, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.145, 148",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Mexico including southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-768533CA",null,null,"Mexico. Type probably from the highlands of Veracruz (Hellmayr, 1935, supra).","Der grosse Würger (Lanius excubitor Lin.) und einige seiner Verwandten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/781/mode/1up","Lanius mexicanus"],["19850","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius sphenocercus","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.76","Chinese Grey Shrike","Chinese Gray Shrike","Chinese Grey Shrike",null,null,"mountains of eastern Russia (Amur region) to northeastern and central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103718766","chgshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chgshr1","avibase-7DEB77F3",null,null,"alleged to be Canton.","[Vortrag über die grauen, mit Lanius excubitor verwandten oder bisher verwechselten Würger, dessen Resultat die Bereicherung der europäischen Ornis mit zwei für dieselbe neuen Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/88/mode/1up","Lanius sphenocercus"],["19851","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius giganteus","Przevalski, 1887","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 55, no.1 p.86","Giant Grey Shrike","Giant Gray Shrike","Giant Grey Shrike",null,null,"breeds mountains of eastern Tibet; winters to southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103718860","chgshr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chgshr3","avibase-A804EABE",null,null,"Hwang ho and Koko Nor.","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Lanius giganteus"],["19852","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius meridionalis","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.143","Iberian Grey Shrike","Iberian Gray Shrike","Iberian Grey Shrike",null,null,"Iberian Peninsula and southern France",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729533","ibgshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ibgshr1","avibase-EDE09959",null,null,"Italie, la Dalmatie, le midi de la France . . .' ; restricted to Provence by Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 424.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/271/mode/1up","Lanius meridionalis"],["19853","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius borealis","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.80 pl.50","Northern Shrike","Northern Shrike","Northern Grey Shrike",null,null,"breeds central to eastern Siberia, southward to northwestern China and northwestern Mongolia to Sakhalin and Kuril Islands, and breeds Alaska and northern Canada, southward to far northern British Columbia and Alberta, northern Ontario and Quebec; winters Mongolia to central Japan, and southern Canada and northern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103718956","norshr4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norshr4","avibase-76158864",null,null,"North America: restricted to New York by A.O.U., 1931, 'Check-list.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/210/mode/1up","Lanius borealis"],["19854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius borealis sibiricus","Bogdanov, 1881","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 39 suppl.1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to northern Mongolia and Kamchatka Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DB03562",null,null,"Chukotski Peninsula, Okhotsk, Khanka, etc. . . . restricted to Chukotski Peninsula by Dementiev, 1935, Oiseau Rev. Franç. Orn., 5, p. 92.",null,null,"Lanius excubitor var. sibiricus"],["19855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius borealis bianchii","Hartert, 1907","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands (northern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A98F45E5",null,null,"Sakhalin Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/504/mode/1up","Lanius excubitor bianchii"],["19856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius borealis mollis","Eversmann, 1854","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 26 no.4 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"Russian Altai and northwestern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02285C6D",null,null,"Chuya River, Russian Altai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107026#page/504/mode/1up","Lanius mollis"],["19857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius borealis funereus","Menzbier, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Tian Shan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86CA6003",null,null,"Ulugchat (Ulugh Chat) and Kuldscha (Gulcha), Tian Shan Range.","On some new or little-known Shrikes from Central Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/411/mode/1up","Lanius funereus"],["19858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius borealis borealis","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.80 pl.50",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska and northern Canada, southward to far northern British Columbia and Alberta, northern Ontario and Quebec; winters southern Canada and northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F354D18F",null,null,"North America: restricted to New York by A.O.U., 1931, 'Check-list.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/210/mode/1up","Lanius borealis"],["19859","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius nubicus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.47","Masked Shrike","Masked Shrike","Masked Shrike",null,null,"breeds Greece to southwestern Iran; winters to central Africa and southwestern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705099","masshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masshr1","avibase-E90CC64A",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/67/mode/1up","Lanius nubicus"],["19860","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius minor","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.308","Lesser Grey Shrike","Lesser Gray Shrike","Lesser Grey Shrike",null,null,"breeds Iberian Peninsula to Siberia and central Asia; winters to southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705038","legshr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/legshr2","avibase-8852337B",null,null,"Italy, Spain, Russia; restricted to Italy (Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 416).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/320/mode/1up","Lanius minor"],["19861","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius senator","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94","Woodchat Shrike","Woodchat Shrike","Woodchat Shrike",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill open woodland, old orchards, steppe, and desert edge, from southern Europe and northwestern Africa eastward to Jordan and Iran; migrates post-breeding to the African Sahel and open habitats in western and eastern Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705095","wooshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wooshr1","avibase-7E70D490",null,null,"Indiis; error, type locality restricted to the Rhine, Hartert 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 434.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius senator"],["19862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius senator senator","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe (Spain to western Türkiye) and northern Africa; winters to central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E7D2196",null,null,"Indiis; error, type locality restricted to the Rhine, Hartert 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 434.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius senator"],["19863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius senator badius","Hartlaub, 1854","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Mediterranean islands; winters to central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E9F5905",null,null,"Gold Coast.","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/736/mode/1up","Lanius badius"],["19864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius senator niloticus","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.439",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Türkiye and Levant to Iran; winters to central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EC04B48",null,null,"the White Nile.","Monographie des Laniens. Suite.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/477/mode/1up","Enneoctonus niloticus"],["19865","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius gubernator","Hartlaub, 1882","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.91","Emin's Shrike","Emin's Shrike","Emin's Shrike",null,null,"patchy and discontinuous in lowland to foothill brushy savanna, grassland in open woodland, and abandoned cultivation, from northern Ivory Coast eastward through northern Nigeria to southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda; may be a post-breeding visitor to Mali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705017","emishr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emishr1","avibase-26DE1233",null,null,"Central Africa = Langomeri, Nile Province of Uganda (Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 286).","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Lanius gubernator"],["19866","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius mackinnoni","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.11 p.444,596 pl.13","Mackinnon's Shrike","Mackinnon's Shrike","Mackinnon's Shrike",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane savanna, forest edge, and locally also secondary growth and plantations, from southeastern Nigeria southward through Gabon to northwestern Angola, and from northern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Kenya, and southward to Burundi and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705070","macshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macshr1","avibase-72387112",null,null,"Kikuyu (= Bugemaia, Kavirondo, Kenya).","Diagnoses of new Species of Birds from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/476/mode/1up","Lanius mackinnoni"],["19867","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius newtoni","Bocage, 1891","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (2), 2 p.79","Sao Tome Fiscal","Newton's Fiscal","Newton's Fiscal",null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea); rediscovered 1990 after 50-year absence",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705080","newfis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/newfis1","avibase-892BF67B",null,null,"São Tome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121555#page/93/mode/1up","Lanius (Fiscus) Newtoni"],["19868","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius humeralis","Stanley, 1814","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.li","Northern Fiscal","Northern Fiscal",null,"2025-0313","Taxon <em>humeralis </em>(polytypic, including <em>smithii </em>and <em>capelli</em>) is split from <em>Lanius collaris </em>(polytypic) based on genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2011, 2019) identified a deep divergence between the northern <em>humeralis </em>group and the southern <em>collaris </em>group. Furthermore, <em>L. collaris sensu lato </em>was not recovered as monophyletic, with <em>L. souzae </em>embedded within the complex. A more comprehensive review incorporating vocal, morphological, and genomic data is needed.","open areas of lowlands to mountains from Guinea eastward to Eritrea and southward through Angola eastward to Malawi",null,null,null,"norfis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norfis1","avibase-5792867A",null,null,"Chelicut, Abyssinia (p. 45 of Salt's Voy. . . .).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/651/mode/1up","Lanius humeralis"],["19869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius humeralis smithii","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69A814D2",null,null,"Cape Coast, West Africa.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/384/mode/1up","Collurio smithii"],["19870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius humeralis humeralis","Stanley, 1814","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.li",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and Ethiopia to southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E875F99",null,null,"Chelicut, Abyssinia (p. 45 of Salt's Voy. . . .).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/651/mode/1up","Lanius humeralis"],["19871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius humeralis capelli","(Bocage, 1879)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Uganda to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93DC722B",null,null,"Cassange, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54849#page/99/mode/1up","Fiscus Capelli"],["19872","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius souzae","Bocage, 1878","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.213","Souza's Shrike","Souza's Shrike","Souza's Shrike",null,null,"open woodland in hills of southeastern Gabon patchily eastward to northwestern Tanzania, and in south to northern Namibia and central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705021","soushr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soushr3","avibase-94A446EA",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/225/mode/1up","Lanius souzae"],["19873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius souzae souzae","Bocage, 1878","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to southern Congo, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A89E6FD9",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/225/mode/1up","Lanius souzae"],["19874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius souzae tacitus","Clancey, 1970","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (17) p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Angola to northern Namibia, southern Zambia, Malawi, and western Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81D47F85",null,null,"Rukuzi R. dam at 13° 22' S., 32° 50' E ., Eastern Province, Zambia. 26 April, 1962. Collected by V . J. Wilson","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 28. A further subspecies of Lanius souzae Bocage.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1514","Lanius souzae tacitus"],["19875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius souzae burigi","Chapin, 1950","The Auk 67, no.2 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Tanzania to eastern Zambia, eastern Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACB734B8",null,null,"between Usuvi, northwestern Tanganyika Territory and the Kisaka district of eastern Ruanda.","Sousa's Shrike in Tanganyika Territory.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol67/iss2/29/","Lanius souzae burigi"],["19876","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collaris","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.135","Southern Fiscal","Southern Fiscal",null,"2025-0313","Taxon <em>humeralis </em>(polytypic, including <em>smithii </em>and <em>capelli</em>) is split from <em>Lanius collaris </em>(polytypic) based on genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2011, 2019) identified a deep divergence between the northern <em>humeralis </em>group and the southern <em>collaris </em>group. Furthermore, <em>L. collaris sensu lato </em>was not recovered as monophyletic, with <em>L. souzae </em>embedded within the complex. A more comprehensive review incorporating vocal, morphological, and genomic data is needed.","open areas of lowlands to mountains from northern Angola eastward to northeastern and south-central Tanzania, in south to southern Cape of South Africa",null,null,null,"soufis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soufis1","avibase-FFA65A47",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/139/mode/1up","Lanius collaris"],["19877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collaris aridicolus","Clancey, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.3 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"dune-fog zone of Namib Desert in southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-326CDB01",null,null,"? Swakopmund, Namib, South-west Africa.","A New Geographical Race of the Fiscal Shrike Lanius collaris Linnaeus from the Deserts of South-West Africa and Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/58/mode/1up","Lanius collaris aridicolus"],["19878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collaris pyrrhostictus","Holub & Pelzeln, 1882","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Südafrikas. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Dr. Holub auf seinen südafrikanischen Reisen gesammelten und im Pavillon des Amateurs zu Wien ausgestellten Arten p.97, pl. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Botswana (Basuto region), southern Zimbabwe (south of Harare), northeastern and eastern South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga), and southwestern Mozambique (mainly Gaza Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18AEF7FC",null,null,"Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132968#page/107/mode/1up","Lanius pyrrhostictus"],["19879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collaris subcoronatus","Smith, 1841","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.14 pl.68,text",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Angola, Namibia (except coastal northwestern and far southern), Botswana, southwestern Zimbabwe, and northern South Africa (south to northwestern Northern Cape and central Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E38C157A",null,null,"Latakoo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/283/mode/1up","Lanius subcoronatus"],["19880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collaris collaris","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Namibia, South Africa (except north and northeast), Lesotho, Eswatini, and far southern Mozambique (Maputo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F35DDAB5",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/139/mode/1up","Lanius collaris"],["19881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collaris marwitzi","Reichenow, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands from northeastern to south-central Tanzania (Mpwapwa and Ukagurus southward to Njombe, Mt. Rungwe, and Tukuyu); some in Nyika Plateau of northern Malawi appear intermediate",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFE095F6",null,null,"Ngomingi, Uhehe district.","Lanius marwitzi Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/108/mode/1up","Lanius marwitzi"],["19882","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius tigrinus","Drapiez, 1828","Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle 13 p.523","Tiger Shrike","Tiger Shrike","Tiger Shrike",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia, eastern and northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (northern and central Honshu); winters to southeastern Asia, Greater Sundas, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704995","tigshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tigshr1","avibase-73643138",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78608#page/545/mode/1up","Lanius tigrinus"],["19883","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius vittatus","Valenciennes, 1826","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.227","Bay-backed Shrike","Bay-backed Shrike","Bay-backed Shrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill semi-desert, dry open woodland, scrub, and acacia-wooded plain, from southeastern Turkmenistan, eastern Iran, and northern Oman, eastward to Kashmir and the Indian subcontinent to central Bangladesh; northern populations migrate to Arabian Peninsula and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705026","babshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babshr1","avibase-FED81571",null,null,"Pondichery.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/233/mode/1up","Lanius vittatus"],["19884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius vittatus nargianus","Vaurie, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1752 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Turkmenistan, eastern Iran (Hormuzgan, Sistan, and Baluchistan, probably also Khorasan), Afghanistan and Pakistan (Baluchistan eastward to Sind and Punjab); breeding recently recorded in Oman (Musandam) and United Arab Emirates",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A667324",null,null,"Champ, southern Persian Baluchistan.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 17. Laniidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3647/","Lanius vittatus nargianus"],["19885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius vittatus vittatus","Valenciennes, 1826","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan (Indus Plains) to West Bengal and southern India (except for southwestern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEC3A7CB",null,null,"Pondichery.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/233/mode/1up","Lanius vittatus"],["19886","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collurioides","Lesson, 1832","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.250","Burmese Shrike","Burmese Shrike","Burmese Shrike",null,null,"foothill to montane forest edge, scrubby woodland, cultivation, and gardens, from Myanmar eastward to southeastern China, and southward to northern Thailand, eastern Cambodia, and southern Vietnam; some populations migrate to southeastern India and southern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705014","burshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burshr1","avibase-EA411063",null,null,"Pegou (Pegu).",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA250","Lanius collurioides"],["19887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collurioides collurioides","Lesson, 1832","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam to southern China, Myanmar, and Indochina; non-breeding visitors may occur south of breeding range",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED2E537",null,null,"Pegou (Pegu).",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA250","Lanius collurioides"],["19888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collurioides nigricapillus","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F000BE15",null,null,"Dalat and Phantiet, south Annam (not L. melanocephalus Gmelin 1788).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/106/mode/1up","Lanius colluroides nigricapillus"],["19889","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius isabellinus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.e p.13","Isabelline Shrike","Isabelline Shrike","Isabelline Shrike",null,null,"lowland to submontane dry steppe, tamarisk thickets, and scrub, from northwestern China eastward through Mongolia to northeastern China, and southward to west-central and north-central China; migrates to open habitats of central and eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103718693","isashr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isashr1","avibase-97166F72",null,null,"Gumfuda (Kunfunda), Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/23/mode/1up","Lanius isabellinus"],["19890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius isabellinus isabellinus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.e p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Altai and north-central China; winters to India and eastern and central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E40C1C33",null,null,"Gumfuda (Kunfunda), Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/23/mode/1up","Lanius isabellinus"],["19891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius isabellinus arenarius","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern China (Xinjiang); winters to Iran, Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20A6541A",null,null,"Country between Scinde and Ferozepore [=Firozpur, Punjab, India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/432/mode/1up","Lanius arenarius"],["19892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius isabellinus tsaidamensis","Stegmann, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central China (Qinghai); wintering grounds unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0F03C01",null,null,"Tarim Basin, Chinese Turkestan.","Über die Formen der paläarktischen Rotrücken- und Rotschwanzwürger und deren taxonomischen Wert.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0106-0118.pdf#page=10","Lanius collurio tsaidamensis"],["19893","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius collurio","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94","Red-backed Shrike","Red-backed Shrike","Red-backed Shrike",null,null,"breeds Palearctic region; winters to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705001","rebshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebshr1","avibase-F2CEFD1A",null,null,"Europe, restricted to Sweden, Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 439.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius collurio"],["19894","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius phoenicuroides","(Schalow, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.148-150","Red-tailed Shrike","Red-tailed Shrike","Red-tailed Shrike",null,null,"Iran to Pakistan, southern Kazakhstan, and far western China (western Xinjiang)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103718714","rutshr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutshr2","avibase-EE7915A2",null,null,"Tschimkent (Chimkent), Russian Turkestan.","Monographische Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Genus Otomela Bp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/160/mode/1up","Otomela phoenicuroides"],["19895","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94","Long-tailed Shrike","Long-tailed Shrike","Long-tailed Shrike",null,null,"lowland to montane steppe, semi-desert, brushy grassland, scrub, and light woodland, from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and southern Kazakhstan eastward through Himalayas to eastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines, and eastern New Guinea; northern populations move downslope or migrate southward in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705029","lotshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotshr1","avibase-69FC190B",null,null,"China, Canton area (ex Ostbeck).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius schach"],["19896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach erythronotus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.42-43",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran to Pakistan and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72577F79",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Lucknow, United Provinces, by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 692.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/56/mode/1up","Collurio erythronotus"],["19897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach caniceps","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.302-303",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E73312F3",null,null,"India = Madras (Kinnear and Whistler, 1930, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 34, p. 396).","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/430/mode/1up","Lanius caniceps"],["19898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach tricolor","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to northern Myanmar, Yunnan, northern Laos, and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85B2DEE6",null,null,"Nepal. Restricted to Kathmandu by Biswas, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 451.","On some new species of the more typical Laniidae of Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/468/mode/1up","Lanius tricolor"],["19899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach schach","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern China, Taiwan, and Hainan; occurs in winter to at least northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B59B8363",null,null,"China, Canton area (ex Ostbeck).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/112/mode/1up","Lanius schach"],["19900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach longicaudatus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC5D129D",null,null,"Siam; restricted to Bankok by Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2, p. 394.","A review of the species of Shrikes of the genus Lanius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/536/mode/1up","Lanius nigriceps subsp. longicaudatus"],["19901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach bentet","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-813CACA1",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/163/mode/1up","Lanius bentet"],["19902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach nasutus","Scopoli, 1786","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26CAF82A",null,null,"'in Nova Guinea' = Panay, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Lanius nasutus"],["19903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach suluensis","(Mearns, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4EDF088",null,null,"Bual, Sulu Island.","Descriptions of eight new Philippine birds, with notes on other species new to the islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/104/mode/1up","Cephalophoneus suluensis"],["19904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius schach stresemanni","Mertens, 1923","Senckenbergiana 5 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8F17F6D",null,null,"Kulungtufu, 1,000 meters altitude, Saruwaged Mts., New Guinea.","Zur Kenntnis der Vogelfauna von Deutsch-Neuguinea.",null,"Lanius schach stresemanni"],["19905","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius cristatus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93","Brown Shrike","Brown Shrike","Brown Shrike",null,null,"lowland to foothill taiga, tundra forest, steppe, and lightly wooded grassland, from central Siberia eastward to Sakhalin and Kamchatka (Russia), and southward to eastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan; most populations migrate southward to India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705011","brnshr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnshr","avibase-E4968582",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Lanius cristatus"],["19906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius cristatus cristatus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia to northwestern Mongolia; winters to India and Southeast Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6189DC3A",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/111/mode/1up","Lanius cristatus"],["19907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius cristatus confusus","Stegmann, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.2 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China and Amurland; winters in Southeast Asia south to Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7BD36D4",null,null,"Kumara, upper course of the Amur.","Neue Formen aus Ost-Sibirien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917256","Lanius cristatus confusus"],["19908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius cristatus lucionensis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Korean Peninsula and eastern China; winters to southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Indochina, Thailand, Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72195D95",null,null,"Luzon, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/139/mode/1up","Lanius lucionensis"],["19909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius cristatus superciliosus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xx",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Sakhalin to central Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu); winters to Sumatra and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B94FC9BA",null,null,"near Batavia [=Jakarta], Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/26/mode/1up","Lanius superciliosus"],["19910","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius tephronotus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.43","Grey-backed Shrike","Gray-backed Shrike","Grey-backed Shrike",null,null,"montane forest edge, grassland, and meadows, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to central China and Tibetan plateau, migrates post-breeding downslope or southward to Bangladesh, Myanmar, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705032","gybshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybshr1","avibase-DB5F2609",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to near Darjeeling by Mayr, 1947, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 47, p. 126.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/57/mode/1up","Collurio tephronotus"],["19911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius tephronotus lahulensis","Koelz, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1452 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kashmir to Ladakh and adjacent western Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A220895B",null,null,"Kolung, Lahul, Punjab, India.","New subspecies of birds from southwerstern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4237/","Lanius tephronotus lahulensis"],["19912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius tephronotus tephronotus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, northern India, and west-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D7FF95D",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to near Darjeeling by Mayr, 1947, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 47, p. 126.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/57/mode/1up","Collurio tephronotus"],["19913","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius validirostris","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49","Mountain Shrike","Mountain Shrike","Mountain Shrike",null,null,"montane northern and southern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705035","gycshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycshr1","avibase-314A1AB9",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Lanius validirostris"],["19914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius validirostris validirostris","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F6F8C63",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Lanius validirostris"],["19915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius validirostris tertius","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8557A515",null,null,"Mt. Dulungan, 5,000 feet altitude, Mindoro.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Lanius validirostris tertius"],["19916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius validirostris hachisuka","Ripley, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 , no.11 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEFA0992",null,null,"Apo Lake [Mt. Apo], Mindanao.","A New Race of Shrike from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/147/mode/1up","Lanius validirostris hachisuka"],["19917","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius bucephalus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.39, pl.14","Bull-headed Shrike","Bull-headed Shrike","Bull-headed Shrike",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest edge, farmland, and open habitats, from north-central China eastward to Ussuriland and Sakhalin (Russia), and southward to Korea and Japan; northern populations migrate to southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704998","buhshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buhshr1","avibase-A4C59A23",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/49/mode/1up","Lanius bucephalus"],["19918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius bucephalus bucephalus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.39, pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu, Izu, Tokara, and Daito islands); winters to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC4CF424",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/49/mode/1up","Lanius bucephalus"],["19919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Lanius bucephalus sicarius","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.7 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (Tao Valley of southwestern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B59247AA",null,null,"mountains in Tao Valley near Choni, 9,000 feet, southwestern Kansu.","Birds collected by Dr. Joseph F. Rock in western Kansu and eastern Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/398/mode/1up","Lanius bucephalus sicarius"],["19920","genus","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Eurocephalus","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.52",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eurocephalus anguitimens [Smith, A, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/132/mode/1up","Eurocephalus"],["19921","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Eurocephalus ruppelli","Bonaparte, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.440","Northern White-crowned Shrike","Northern White-crowned Shrike","Northern White-crowned Shrike",null,null,"lowland to submontane acacia woodland, dry thornscrub, and wooded savanna, from southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to south-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705114","whrshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrshr1","avibase-866D07A0",null,null,"White Nile, Shoa [Ethiopia] ","Monographie des Laniens. Suite.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/478/mode/1up","Eurocephalus ruppelli"],["19922","species","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Eurocephalus anguitimens","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.52","Southern White-crowned Shrike","Southern White-crowned Shrike","Southern White-crowned Shrike",null,null,"bush and savanna of lowlands from southern Angola eastward to southern Mozambique and southward to northern Namibia and northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705119","whcshr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcshr1","avibase-02C6C2ED",null,null,"'between Latakoo and the Tropic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/132/mode/1up","Eurocephalus anguitimens"],["19923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Eurocephalus anguitimens anguitimens","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD887F25",null,null,"'between Latakoo and the Tropic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/132/mode/1up","Eurocephalus anguitimens"],["19924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Laniidae","Shrikes","Eurocephalus anguitimens niveus","Clancey, 1965","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 1 (23) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, northeastern South Africa (Limpopo and northern KwaZulu-Natal), and northeastern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D19BAD5",null,null,"Farm \"Malamala\", Newinton, eastern Transvaal lowveld alt. c. 900 ft. above sea level","Variation in the white-crowned shrike Eurocephalus anguitimens Smith, 1836.",null,"Eurocephalus anguitimens niveus"],["19925","family","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvidae",null,null,"Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Crows and Jays",null,null,null,null,null,null,"corvid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corvid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["19926","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax","Tunstall, 1771","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Upupa pyrrhocorax [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Upupa pyrrhocorax Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Pyrrhocorax"],["19927","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax graculus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.158","Alpine Chough","Yellow-billed Chough","Yellow-billed Chough",null,null,"patchy in montane grazed pasture, and rocky grassland above tree-line, from Morocco, northern Spain, and European Alps eastward through Caucasus and Altai mountains to central China, and southward to Iran, Pakistan, and Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705921","yebcho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcho1","avibase-45B512E2",null,null,"Swiss Alps.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/162/mode/1up","Corvus Graculus"],["19928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Europe, North Africa, Caucasus, and southern Caspian area",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B93A8FC",null,null,"Swiss Alps.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/162/mode/1up","Corvus Graculus"],["19929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax graculus digitatus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.z p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern Türkiye, southward to Lebanon and Mount Hermon, eastward across northern Iraq to southwestern Iran (Zagros Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C73FBBFC",null,null,"Snowy area of Mount Lebanon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/60/mode/1up","Pyrrhocorax alpinus var. digitata"],["19930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax graculus forsythi","Stoliczka, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 no.4 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"central Asia from central and northern Afghanistan northeast through the Pamirs and patchily on through the Tian Shan and Altai to Sayan Mountains and, in south, from west-central and northern Pakistan (including an isolated population in northern Baluchistan) east in Himalayas to Nepal, Bhutan, and far western Arunachal Pradesh, and central and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CB1D6D1",null,null,"Lamaguru, Ladak [=Ladakh, India]","[Letter to the Editor from Camp Leh, the 10th September 1873].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/482/mode/1up","Pyrrhocorax Forsythi"],["19931","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118","Red-billed Chough","Red-billed Chough","Red-billed Chough",null,null,"disjunctly in two distinct habitats, lowland sea-cliffs with adjacent grassland on British Isles, northwestern Spain, and Canary Islands, and grazed high montane grassland, from northwestern Africa, Iberia, and European Alps eastward to Mongolia and southern Siberia, and southward to Iran, northern India, and south-central China, and in highland Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705916","rebcho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebcho1","avibase-18D2C42A",null,null,"England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Upupa Pyrrhocorax"],["19932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in England, Wales, Isle of Man, Inner Hebrides, and Ireland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77F79081",null,null,"England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Upupa Pyrrhocorax"],["19933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax erythroramphos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Alps, Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula, and Mediterranean islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C32B8126",null,null,"Alpes, les montagnes de Suisse et celles de l'Auvergne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/12/mode/1up","Coracia erythroramphos"],["19934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus","Vaurie, 1954","American Museum Novitates no.1658 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"La Palma (Canary Islands) and northwestern Africa (Morocco to Algeria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B9AD581",null,null,"Middle Atlas on the plateau, 1,900 meters, Morocco.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 4. The Choughs (Pyrrhocorax).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3595/","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus"],["19935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax docilis","(Gmelin, 1774)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 3 p.365, pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Crete and southeastern Europe to northern Arabian Peninsula, northern Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C8C1A41",null,null,"Tschurdost, Gilan, northern Iran.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11062279?page=373&q=Corvus+docilis","Corvus docilis"],["19936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax centralis","Stresemann, 1928","Journal für Ornithologie 76, no.2 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"central Asia (Tian Shan, Pamir, and Altai mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAB0C05C",null,null,"mountains near Djarkent ('Tishkan'), Russian Turkestan.","Systematischer Teil Die Brutvögel des Gebietes","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01940685","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax centralis"],["19937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax himalayanus","(Gould, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas and northern India to western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-828A753D",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Kumaon by Meinertzhagen (1927, Ibis, p. 372).","[Exhibition and description of two new species of Humming-birds from Ecuador, a species of Fregilus from the Himalayas, and a new species of Prion].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/155/mode/1up","Fregilus himalayanus"],["19938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax brachypus","(Swinhoe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"Mongolia and central to northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-567A19A6",null,null,"Peking.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/479/mode/1up","Fregilus graculus (L.) var. brachypus"],["19939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax baileyi","Rand & Vaurie, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.3 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-179A3B36",null,null,"Ras Dashan, northern Abyssinia.","A new Chough from the highlands of Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/54/mode/1up","Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax baileyi"],["19940","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Crypsirina","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.36",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus varians [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy = Corvus temia Daudin, 1800",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f42.item","Crypsirina"],["19941","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Crypsirina temia","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.244","Racket-tailed Treepie","Racket-tailed Treepie","Racquet-tailed Treepie",null,null,"southern Myanmar to northern Malayan Peninsula, Indochina, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705855","rattre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rattre1","avibase-A1807D70",null,null,"'Africa,' error for Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/264/mode/1up","Corvus temia"],["19942","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Crypsirina cucullata","Jerdon, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.20","Hooded Treepie","Hooded Treepie","Hooded Treepie",null,null,"arid lowlands of Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705858","hootre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hootre1","avibase-45BED67C",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Burma.","Notice of some New Species of Birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/44/mode/1up","Crypsirhina (Temia) cucullata"],["19943","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Temnurus","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Glaucopis temnura [Temminck, 1825]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/379/mode/1up","Temnurus"],["19944","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Temnurus temnurus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon vol.2, livr.57 pl.337, text","Ratchet-tailed Treepie","Ratchet-tailed Treepie","Ratchet-tailed Treepie",null,null,"forest of central Laos, northern Vietnam, and Hainan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705862","rattre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rattre2","avibase-8D4720DA",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/271/mode/1up","Glaucopis temnura"],["19945","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Platysmurus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxx",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Glaucopis leucopterus [Temminck, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 90).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/185/mode/1up","Platysmurus"],["19946","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Platysmurus leucopterus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.45, vol.2 pl.265, text","Malayan Black Magpie","Malayan Black Magpie","Malay Black Magpie","2025-1071","Taxon <em>aterrimus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Platysmurus leucopterus</em> based on plumage, structural, and vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021). Supporting information from genetic data is desirable.","southern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103719039","blkmag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkmag1","avibase-26DBCCE0",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/263/mode/1up","Glaucopis leucopterus"],["19947","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Platysmurus aterrimus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.57, vol.2 pl.337, text","Bornean Black Magpie","Bornean Black Magpie","Bornean Black Magpie","2025-1071","Taxon <em>aterrimus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Platysmurus leucopterus</em> based on plumage, structural, and vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021). Supporting information from genetic data is desirable.","Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103719063","blkmag2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkmag2","avibase-93908467",null,null,"'environs de Pontianak,' west coast of Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/272/mode/1up","Glaucopis aterrimus"],["19948","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta","Gould, 1833","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.5 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dendrocitta leucogastra [Gould, 1833]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/71/mode/1up","Dendrocitta"],["19949","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta frontalis","Horsfield, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.163","Collared Treepie","Collared Treepie","Collared Treepie",null,null,"Himalayas of northern India, northern Myanmar, and northwestern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705849","coltre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coltre1","avibase-DDA66E07",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/693/mode/1up","Dendrocitta frontalis"],["19950","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.171","Rufous Treepie","Rufous Treepie","Rufous Treepie",null,null,"lowland to foothill open deciduous woodland, cultivation, and parks, from eastern Pakistan and India eastward to northern Myanmar and southern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705836","ruftre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftre2","avibase-959E1633",null,null,"India; restricted to Calcutta by Ticehurst (1922, Ibis, p. 537).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/193/mode/1up","Coracias vagabunda"],["19951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda bristoli","Paynter, 1961","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 58 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan and northwestern India to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAEA53D3",null,null,"Jabri (ca. 11 miles west of Murree), alt. 900 meters, Hazara District, West Pakistan.","Notes on some Corvidae from Nepal, Pakistan, and India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183055#page/445/mode/1up","Dendrocitta vagabunda bristoli"],["19952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda vagabunda","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Himalayas and northeastern India (south to Hyderabad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08DF33D7",null,null,"India; restricted to Calcutta by Ticehurst (1922, Ibis, p. 537).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/193/mode/1up","Coracias vagabunda"],["19953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda behni","Steinheimer, 2009","Zootaxa 2149 21",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Rajasthan, western Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat southward to Karnataka)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F8E8868",null,null,"Mulchond village, Dangs district, northern Western Ghats, southern Gujarat, India","The type specimens of Corvidae (Aves) in the Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt-University of Berlin, with the description of a new subspecies of Dendrocitta vagabunda","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282323905","Dendrocitta vagabunda behni"],["19954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda parvula","Whistler & Kinnear, 1932","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35 no.3 p.515",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (southern Kanara to Cape Comorin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21D90812",null,null,"Malabar.",null,"https://ia800309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalofbomb35341932bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalofbomb35341932bomb&server=ia800309.us.archive.org&page=n124_w465","Dendrocitta vagabunda parvula"],["19955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda pallida","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86B29EC9",null,null,"'Western Himalaya;' restricted to Simla by Ticehurst (1922, Ibis, p. 537).","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/152/mode/1up","Crypsirina pallida"],["19956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda sclateri","Stuart Baker, 1922","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. ed. 2, 1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (upper Chindwin to Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-822A4E2E",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56516#page/78/mode/1up","Dendrocitta rufa sclateri"],["19957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda kinneari","Stuart Baker, 1922","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. ed. 2, 1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5867BC65",null,null,"Toungoo, southern Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56516#page/79/mode/1up","Dendrocitta rufa kinneari"],["19958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda saturatior","Ticehurst, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Tenasserim and southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1BB9CFE",null,null,"Kaukariyet Mts., Amherst, Tenasserim.","Descriptions of new races of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/278/mode/1up","Dendrocitta vagabunda saturatior"],["19959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta vagabunda sakeratensis","Gyldenstolpe, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DBDD068",null,null,"Sakerat [= Ban Chakkrarat (lat. 15° N.; long. 102° 25' E.)], eastern Thailand.","On behalf of Count Nils Gyldenstolpe, description of a new subspecies of Tree-Pie from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/62/mode/1up","Dendrocitta vagabunda sakeratensis"],["19960","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta bayleii","Tytler, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.17 p.119 (and corrigenda)","Andaman Treepie","Andaman Treepie","Andaman Treepie","2025-N059","The current adoption of the spelling <em>bayleii </em>follows David et al. (2009b).","dense forest of Andaman Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705852","andtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andtre1","avibase-A26B2BBB",null,null,"Andamans.","[Extracts from Mr. Blyth's recent letters].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/143/mode/1up","Dendrocitta bayleii"],["19961","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta occipitalis","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.343 pl.V","Sumatran Treepie","Sumatran Treepie","Sumatran Treepie",null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103719284","sumtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumtre1","avibase-BF723D53",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA343#v=onepage&f=false","Glaucopis occipitalis"],["19962","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta cinerascens","Sharpe, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.11 p.250-251, pl. VIII","Bornean Treepie","Bornean Treepie","Bornean Treepie",null,null,"mountains of Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736049","bortre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bortre1","avibase-1DF3553B",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part IV. On the Birds of the Province of Lumbidan, North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/292/mode/1up","Dendrocitta cinerascens"],["19963","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta leucogastra","Gould, 1833","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.1, no.5 p.57","White-bellied Treepie","White-bellied Treepie","White-bellied Treepie",null,null,"lowlands of southwestern India (Western Ghats)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705846","whbtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtre1","avibase-C7567600",null,null,"'Eastern Asia' [= Malabar coast].","On a new Genus of the Family Corvidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46213#page/71/mode/1up","Dendrocitta leucogastra"],["19964","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae","Swinhoe, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.20 p.387","Grey Treepie","Gray Treepie","Grey Treepie",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane deciduous woodland, hillside scrub, terraced slopes, from northeastern Pakistan and northern India eastward to eastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and southward to Eastern Ghats (eastern Peninsular India), southern Myanmar, and northern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705839","grytre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grytre1","avibase-81FFAAC2",null,null,"Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 311.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/423/mode/1up","Dendrocitta sinensis var. formosae"],["19965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae occidentalis","Ticehurst, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (northern Pakistan to Garhwal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77C5DC69",null,null,"Simla.","Descriptions of new races of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/58/mode/1up","Dendrocitta formosae occidentalis"],["19966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae himalayana","Jerdon, 1864","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 3 (\"2 pt2\") p.847",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to Myanmar and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A8609C7",null,null,"Himalayas. restricted to Sikkim by Ticehurst, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 46: 22. (ref. Praveen 2025)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113053#page/456/mode/1up","Dendrocitta himalayana"],["19967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae sarkari","Kinnear & Whistler, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India (southern Jaipur and northern Madras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21D83760",null,null,"Anantagiri, Vizagapatam district, northern Madras.","Descriptions of two new subspecies of Indian Tree-Pie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/49/mode/1up","Dendrocitta formosae sarkari"],["19968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae assimilis","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8120A1C",null,null,"Hill Tenasserim (Muleyit).","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/133/mode/1up","Dendrocitta assimilis"],["19969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae sinica","Stresemann, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern China to northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F68B9219",null,null,"Ching-Feng, Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/25/mode/1up","Dendrocitta formosae sinica"],["19970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae sapiens","(Deignan, 1955)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.9 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China on Mount Omei (western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1B67917",null,null,"Mt. Omei, 4,000 feet, Szechwan.","New Races of Birds from Eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/180/mode/1up","Crypsirina formosae sapiens"],["19971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae formosae","Swinhoe, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.20 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A8E863F",null,null,"Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 311.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/423/mode/1up","Dendrocitta sinensis var. formosae"],["19972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Dendrocitta formosae insulae","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36916CF7",null,null,"No Tai, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/272/mode/1up","Dendrocitta sinensis insulae"],["19973","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.975",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Coracias sinensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Coracias chinensis Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/536/mode/1up","Cissa"],["19974","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa thalassina","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.68, vol.2 pl.401","Javan Green Magpie","Javan Green-Magpie","Javan Green Magpie",null,null,"lowland slopes of montane western Java",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724821","shtmag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtmag1","avibase-7DDA43DF",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/297/mode/1up","Kitta thalassina"],["19975","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa jefferyi","Sharpe, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.383-384","Bornean Green Magpie","Bornean Green-Magpie","Bornean Green Magpie",null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724829","borgrm1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borgrm1","avibase-7B4271FE",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/411/mode/1up","Cissa jefferyi"],["19976","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa chinensis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38","Common Green Magpie","Common Green-Magpie","Common Green Magpie",null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet, Myanmar, southeastern Asia to northern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and northwestern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705809","gremag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gremag1","avibase-ED4011E9",null,null,"China; error corrected to southern Thailand by Robinson and Kloss (1923, Journ. and Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., 18 (1922), p. 561); and further corrected to Mergui, Tenasserim bv Stresemann (1952, Ibis, 94, pp.516; 521).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Coracias chinensis"],["19977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa chinensis chinensis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet, Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-329F3B88",null,null,"China; error corrected to southern Thailand by Robinson and Kloss (1923, Journ. and Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., 18 (1922), p. 561); and further corrected to Mergui, Tenasserim bv Stresemann (1952, Ibis, 94, pp.516; 521).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Coracias chinensis"],["19978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa chinensis klossi","Delacour & Jabouille, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"central Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C88DD53D",null,null,"Khesanh, Quangtri, Annam.","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/62/mode/1up","Cissa chinensis klossi"],["19979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa chinensis margaritae","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.604, pl. XVII",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0DDDD55",null,null,"Langbian Peak, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/712/mode/1up","Cissa margaritae"],["19980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa chinensis robinsoni","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04ABC7BC",null,null,"Gunong Tahan, Pahang, Malay States.","Description of new Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/433/mode/1up","Cissa robinsoni"],["19981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa chinensis minor","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.86, footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and northwestern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ECCD671",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/102/mode/1up","Cissa minor"],["19982","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa hypoleuca","Salvadori & Giglioli, 1885","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 20 p.343","Indochinese Green Magpie","Indochinese Green-Magpie","Indochinese Green Magpie",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, and bamboo thickets, from south-central China (including Hainan), and northern Vietnam southward to southern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705813","yebmag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebmag1","avibase-63D31D90",null,null,"Thu Dan Mot, Cochinchma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91384#page/361/mode/1up","Cissa hypoleuca"],["19983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa hypoleuca jini","Delacour, 1930","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie 11, pt.2 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Yaoshan Massif of Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-914FC296",null,null,"Yaoshan, Kwangsi.","Note sur la collection de l'Université Sun-Yatsen, à Canton, avec description d'Oiseaux nouveaux.",null,"Cissa concolor jini"],["19984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa hypoleuca concolor","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92E58C9F",null,null,"Phuqui, northern Annam.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/173/mode/1up","Cissa concolor"],["19985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa hypoleuca chauleti","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C652DDD5",null,null,"Thua-Lua, central Annam.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/53/mode/1up","Cissa hypoleuca chauleti"],["19986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa hypoleuca hypoleuca","Salvadori & Giglioli, 1885","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 20 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42558EB8",null,null,"Thu Dan Mot, Cochinchma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91384#page/361/mode/1up","Cissa hypoleuca"],["19987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cissa hypoleuca katsumatae","Rothschild, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A674BCD",null,null,"Mt. Wuchi, Hainan.","On new species of birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/489/mode/1up","Cissa katsumatae"],["19988","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cuculus sinensis [auct. not of Linnaeus]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 63). = Corvus erythrorhynchus Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/103/mode/1up","Urocissa"],["19989","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa ornata","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.749","Sri Lanka Blue Magpie","Sri Lanka Blue-Magpie","Sri Lanka Blue Magpie",null,null,"dense evergreen hill forest of Sri Lanka",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705787","ceymag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceymag1","avibase-326EA4E0",null,null,"India orientali.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/385/mode/1up","Pica ornata"],["19990","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa whiteheadi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.18","White-winged Magpie","White-winged Magpie","White-winged Magpie","2025-1084","Taxon <em>xanthomelana </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Urocissa whiteheadi</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes separated as a monotypic species based on morphology, but character traits are more variable and broadly overlapping with <em>whiteheadi</em>. Additional information from phenotypic and genomic data will be needed to support this split.","local in lowland and hill woodland from southeastern Sichuan through central Vietnam and Hainan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705806","whwmag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwmag1","avibase-79103D60",null,null,"Five-finger Mountains, interior of Hainan.","New species of birds from the Five-finger Mountains in the interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/50/mode/1up","Urocissa whiteheadi"],["19991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa whiteheadi whiteheadi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (off far southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F24832F2",null,null,"Five-finger Mountains, interior of Hainan.","New species of birds from the Five-finger Mountains in the interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/50/mode/1up","Urocissa whiteheadi"],["19992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa whiteheadi xanthomelana","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sichuan (southwestern China) southward to Guangxi (far south-central China) and through eastern Laos to central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99F2C234",null,null,"Backan, northeastern Tonkin.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/204/mode/1up","Cissopica whiteheadi xanthomelana"],["19993","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa flavirostris","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.28","Yellow-billed Blue Magpie","Yellow-billed Blue-Magpie","Yellow-billed Blue Magpie",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest, forest edge, and cultivation, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, in western Myanmar, and in northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705798","gobmag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobmag1","avibase-CEBD0625",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/150/mode/1up","Psilorhinus flavirostris"],["19994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa flavirostris cucullata","Gould, 1861","The birds of Asia pl.51",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Hazara, northern Pakistan, to eastern Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04EE5040",null,null,"Kulu Valley, northern Punjab.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121124#page/213/mode/1up","Urocissa cucullata"],["19995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa flavirostris flavirostris","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to Assam, southern Tibet, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8354CBB",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/150/mode/1up","Psilorhinus flavirostris"],["19996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa flavirostris schaeferi","Sick, 1939","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 47 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4FE7725",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.",null,"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447452&seq=92","Urocissa flavirostris schaferi"],["19997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa flavirostris robini","Delacour & Jabouille, 1930","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD40C888",null,null,"Fansipan (Chapa), northern Tonkin.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Urocissa flavirostris robini"],["19998","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa caerulea","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.282","Taiwan Blue Magpie","Taiwan Blue-Magpie","Taiwan Blue Magpie",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705793","formag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/formag1","avibase-5B15BB69",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/336/mode/1up","Urocissa caerulea"],["19999","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa erythroryncha","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38","Red-billed Blue Magpie","Red-billed Blue-Magpie","Red-billed Blue Magpie",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, parks, and gardens, from northern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to eastern China (including Hainan), and southward to southern Myanmar and Indochina; introduced Shikoku (southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705802","rbbmag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbbmag","avibase-76C44D5A",null,null,"[China]; restricted to Canton by Birckhead (1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 966, p. 13).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Corvus erythrorynchus"],["20000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa erythroryncha occipitalis","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Punjab to Sikkim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2929424",null,null,"'Nepal . . . Mussoorie, etc.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/149/mode/1up","Psilorhinus occipitalis"],["20001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa erythroryncha magnirostris","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.27-28",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of Assam to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC71168C",null,null,"'Ya-ma-dong mountains separating Arracan [= Arakan] from Pegu,' southern Burma.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/149/mode/1up","Psilorhinus magnirostris"],["20002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa erythroryncha alticola","Birckhead, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (northern Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7C695CC",null,null,"Likiang Range, northwestern Yunnan; preoccupied by U. caerulea Gould, 1862.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/108/mode/1up","Urocissa erythrorhyncha alticola"],["20003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa erythroryncha brevivexilla","Swinhoe, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.688",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAB8BDEB",null,null,"hills west of Peking.","On the Long-tailed Jay of Northern China, with further Notes on Chinese Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/818/mode/1up","Urocissa brevivexilla"],["20004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Urocissa erythroryncha erythroryncha","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"central China to southern Yunnan, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0246F5F3",null,null,"[China]; restricted to Canton by Birckhead (1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 966, p. 13).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Corvus erythrorynchus"],["20005","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanopica","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus cyanus [Pallas, 1776]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 64).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/594/mode/1up","Cyanopica"],["20006","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanopica cooki","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.382","Iberian Magpie","Iberian Magpie","Iberian Azure-winged Magpie",null,null,"Iberian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732302","azwmag3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azwmag3","avibase-D30A8AE1",null,null,"Spain, Africa sept.; restricted to Madrid by Witherby (1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 43, p. 74).","On the Garruline Birds, or Jays; with Descriptions of new species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/594/mode/1up","Cyanopica cooki"],["20007","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanopica cyanus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694","Azure-winged Magpie","Azure-winged Magpie","Asian Azure-winged Magpie",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill woodland, riparian thickets, parks, and gardens, from northern Mongolia and southern Siberia southward to Korean Peninsula, central Japan, and northeastern China; some winter dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103721987","azwmag2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azwmag2","avibase-659D6E44",null,null,"Dauria.",null,null,"Corvus cyanus"],["20008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanopica cyanus cyanus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia and Mongolia eastward through northern and eastern China and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-030B15BE",null,null,"Dauria.",null,null,"Corvus cyanus"],["20009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanopica cyanus japonica","Parrot, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (northern and central Honshu; formerly Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9E0D6A7",null,null,"Jajjan.","Cyanopica cyanus japonica nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/40/mode/1up","Cyanopica cyanus japonica"],["20010","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus","Bonaparte, 1831","Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 49 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus canadensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 37).   ",null,null,null,"Perisoreus"],["20011","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.158","Canada Jay","Canada Jay","Canada Jay",null,null,"coniferous and mixed coniferous forest from northwestern Alaska (not including the north slope) eastward across Canada (except Arctic islands) to northern Labrador and Newfoundland (northeastern Canada), and southward to far northeastern USA (range contracting northward in some areas), southward in mountains of western USA to northern California, and eastward to western South Dakota (Black Hills), central Colorado, and northern New Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705783","gryjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryjay","avibase-69A6E32F",null,null,"in Canada [= Quebec, fide Oberholser (1914, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27, p. 49)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/162/mode/1up","Corvus canadensis"],["20012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis pacificus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] 45 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska to coastal west-central Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-021E86A6",null,null,"in insulis Maris australis [= Norton Sound, Alaska].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/384/mode/1up","Corvus pacificus"],["20013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Alaska eastward to eastern Canada and northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA2EDE5F",null,null,"in Canada [= Quebec, fide Oberholser (1914, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27, p. 49)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/162/mode/1up","Corvus canadensis"],["20014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.259 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Quebec and Labrador (eastern Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B39B23D5",null,null,"Labrador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/35/mode/1up","Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus"],["20015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis albescens","Peters, 1920","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"western Canada east of the Rocky Mountains from northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta southward to north-central USA (Black Hills, western South Dakota)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F450671",null,null,"Red Deer, Alberta.","A new Jay from Alberta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42085#page/63/mode/1up","Perisoreus canadensis albescens"],["20016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis bicolor","Miller, 1933","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains from southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta (Canada) southward to eastern Washington, central Idaho, and western Montana (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1BFB521",null,null,"4 miles west Meadow Creek, elevation 3,000 feet. Boundary County, Idaho.","The Canada Jays of northern Idaho.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/372/mode/1up","Perisoreus canadensis bicolor"],["20017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis capitalis","Baird, 1874","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5[\"1873\"], no.11 p.193-194",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains of western USA (central Idaho and southern Montana to northern New Mexico, also disjunctly in east-central Arizona)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F4A6E9B",null,null,"Henry's Fork, Wyoming Ter. [= Utah].","Catalogue of the Birds known to occur in Colorado; distinguishing (with an asterisk) those which have been ascertained to breed within the limits of the territory, and approximately indicating their range during the breeding season'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31752#page/308/mode/1up","Perisoreus canadensis, var. capitalis"],["20018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis griseus","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.3 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern British Columbia and Vancouver Island to northeastern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FD29350",null,null,"Keechelus Lake, Kittinas [= Kittitas] Co., Washington.","New species, etc., of American birds. IV. Fringillidae (Concluded) ; Corvidae (Part)'.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss3/8/","Perisoreus obscurus griseus"],["20019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis obscurus","Ridgway, 1874","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5[\"1873\"], no.11 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern USA (Washington to northwestern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15E686ED",null,null,"northwest coast, from the Columbia to Alaska [= Shoalwater Bay, Washington].","Catalogue of the Birds known to occur in Colorado; distinguishing (with an asterisk) those which have been ascertained to breed within the limits of the territory, and approximately indicating their range during the breeding season'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31752#page/312/mode/1up","Perisoreus canadensis, var. obscurus"],["20020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus canadensis sanfordi","Oberholser, 1914","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 27 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Newfoundland (eastern Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42B596AB",null,null,"Fox Island River, Newfoundland",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/245864#page/71/mode/1up","Perisoreus canadensis sanfordi"],["20021","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus internigrans","(Thayer & Bangs, 1912)","Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 40, no.4 p.200, pl.6","Sichuan Jay","Sichuan Jay","Sichuan Jay",null,null,"mountains of western China (southeastern Qinghai, southwestern Gansu, and northern Sichuan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705778","sicjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sicjay1","avibase-19033BD5",null,null,"Shuowlow, 'western Szechwan [= eastern Sikang].","Some Chinese vertebrates. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96494#page/250/mode/1up","Boanerges internigrans"],["20022","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus infaustus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107","Siberian Jay","Siberian Jay","Siberian Jay",null,null,"lowland to submontane boreal forest, primarily of spruce, pine, or larch, from Scandinavia eastward to central Siberia, and southward to Ural, Altai, and Sayan mountains, northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and Sakhalin (Russia); may disperse southward in extreme winters",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705775","sibjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibjay1","avibase-43E62467",null,null,"Europae alpinis sylvis; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 34).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Corvus infaustus"],["20023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus infaustus infaustus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia to western Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4590AEB5",null,null,"Europae alpinis sylvis; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 34).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/125/mode/1up","Corvus infaustus"],["20024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus infaustus rogosowi","Sushkin & Stegmann, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.3 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern European Russia to north-central Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-962C5DD7",null,null,"Taishet, central Siberia.","Die paläarktischen Unglückshäher.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917264","Perisoreus infaustus rogosowi"],["20025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus infaustus opicus","Bangs, 1913","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 54, no.16 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"Altai and Sayan mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54822799",null,null,"Topucha, Russian Altai.","Some birds from the highlands of Siberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21170#page/612/mode/1up","Perisoreus infaustus opicus"],["20026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus infaustus sibericus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"central Siberia and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76341CF0",null,null,"Siberia; restricted to southwestern Kentei on the border of Transbaicalia by Sushkin and Stegmann {op. cit., p. 394).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/59/mode/1up","Corvus Sibericus"],["20027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Perisoreus infaustus maritimus","Buturlin, 1915","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.2 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13EFB282",null,null,"Ussuriland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/482/mode/1up","Perisoreus infaustus maritimus"],["20028","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cyanocorax armillatus [Gray, GR, 1845]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 62).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/239/mode/1up","Cyanolyca"],["20029","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca nanus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.103","Dwarf Jay","Dwarf Jay","Dwarf Jay",null,null,"oak-pine forest of southwestern Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705672","dwajay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwajay1","avibase-945C18FA",null,null,"Le Mexique [= Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/749/mode/1up","Cyanocorax nanus"],["20030","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca mirabilis","Nelson, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.154","White-throated Jay","White-throated Jay","White-throated Jay",null,null,"oak-pine forest of southwestern Mexico (southern Guerrero and south-central Oaxaca)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705675","whtjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtjay1","avibase-932A34CA",null,null,"Omilteme, Guerrero.","Descriptions of new birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/167/mode/1up","Cyanolyca mirabilis"],["20031","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca pumilo","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.122-23, pl.33","Black-throated Jay","Black-throated Jay","Black-throated Jay",null,null,"montane forest of far southern Mexico to northwestern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705669","bltjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltjay1","avibase-642F6054",null,null,"Guatemala.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/265/mode/1up","Cyanocorax pumilo"],["20032","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca argentigula","(Lawrence, 1875)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11(1876) p.88","Silvery-throated Jay","Silvery-throated Jay","Silvery-throated Jay",null,null,"montane forest from San Jose and Cartago (central Costa Rica) to Chiriquí (western Panama)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705678","sitjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sitjay1","avibase-A804CFF2",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica ; type locality restricted by Pitelka (1951, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 41, p. 114) to near Pico Blanco, above Sipurio.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/110/mode/1up","Cyanocitta argentigula"],["20033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca argentigula albior","Pitelka, 1951","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41, no.3 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE413973",null,null,"Volcán Turrialba, 9,680 feet, Costa Rica.","Race names in the Central American jay, Cyanolycoa argentigula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122703#page/132/mode/1up","Cyanolyca argentigula albior"],["20034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca argentigula argentigula","(Lawrence, 1875)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11(1876) p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A8EFDC9",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica ; type locality restricted by Pitelka (1951, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 41, p. 114) to near Pico Blanco, above Sipurio.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/110/mode/1up","Cyanocitta argentigula"],["20035","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca pulchra","(Lawrence, 1876)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11 p.163","Beautiful Jay","Beautiful Jay","Beautiful Jay",null,null,"western Andes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (south to Pichincha)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705666","beajay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beajay1","avibase-9C916E02",null,null,"'Quito', Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/185/mode/1up","Cyanocitta pulchra"],["20036","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca cucullata","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.477 p.23","Azure-hooded Jay","Azure-hooded Jay","Azure-hooded Jay",null,null,"forest and edge of hills and mountains on Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosí (east-central Mexico) to central Honduras, and disjunctly on both slopes of northwestern Costa Rica to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705663","azhjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azhjay1","avibase-F87415DC",null,null,"Navarro, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/37/mode/1up","Cyanocorax cucullatus"],["20037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca cucullata mitrata","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.3 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí to north-central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1095F3FB",null,null,"Mexico ; type locality restricted by Pitelka (1951, Condor, 53, p. 97), to mountains near Jalapa, Veracruz.","New Species, Etc., of American Birds.-- Iv. Fringillid[Ae] (Concluded); Corvid[Ae] (Part)","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss3/8/","Cyanolyca mitrata"],["20038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca cucullata guatemalae","Pitelka, 1951","The Condor 53, no.2 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to central Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0302B8F7",null,null,"near San Jose, 28 mi. ESE Comitan, 4,900 feet, Chiapas, Mexico.","Central American Races of Cyanolyca mitrata.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol53/iss2/8/","Cyanolyca mitrata guatemalae"],["20039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca cucullata hondurensis","Pitelka, 1951","The Condor 53, no.2 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"western Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D81A061",null,null,"7 Peinitas (4 mi. W. San Pedro Sula), Honduras.","Central American Races of Cyanolyca mitrata.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol53/iss2/8/","Cyanolyca mitrata hondurensis"],["20040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca cucullata cucullata","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.477 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA9A28D0",null,null,"Navarro, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/37/mode/1up","Cyanocorax cucullatus"],["20041","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca armillata","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2, pt.11 p.307, pl.74","Black-collared Jay","Black-collared Jay",null,"2025-1096","Taxon <em>quindiuna </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyanolyca armillata</em> pending further research. Although <em>quindiuna </em>differs in coloration and structure, mitochondrial DNA divergence is modest (Bonaccorso 2009), and vocal differences are not discernible. Pending a more comprehensive review incorporating genomic DNA data and assessment of clinality in phenotypic traits, these differences are better treated as subspecific.","montane cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the central and eastern Andes of Colombia to northeastern Ecuador, and the northern western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia to Valle del Cauca)",null,null,null,"blcjay2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcjay2","avibase-423B3BE4",null,null,"no type locality given; type specimen from 'Bogotá', Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/21/mode/1up","Cyanocorax armillatus"],["20042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca armillata meridana","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (north to Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE31B0D4",null,null,"'upper wood-region of Mérida', Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/333/mode/1up","Cyanocitta armillata α. meridana"],["20043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca armillata armillata","(Gray, 1845)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2, pt.11 p.307, pl.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7122696",null,null,"no type locality given; type specimen from 'Bogotá', Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/21/mode/1up","Cyanocorax armillatus"],["20044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca armillata quindiuna","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central, and southern eastern Andes of Colombia and far north-central Ecuador (eastern Carchi and northwestern Napo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0754FD7D",null,null,"Cordillera of Quindiu [= Quindio], Colombia.","Notes on some of the Blue Crows of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/334/mode/1up","Cyanocitta armillata γ. quindiuna"],["20045","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca turcosa","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.830","Turquoise Jay","Turquoise Jay","Turquoise Jay",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Colombia to northern Peru (northern Piura and northwestern Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705649","turjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turjay1","avibase-0844621D",null,null,"'Colombie et l'Équateur' [= near Puerres, Nariño, Colombia; designated by de Schauensee (1951, Caldasia, 5, no. 25, p. 884)].","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Seconde communication : Passereaux cultrirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/840/mode/1up","Cyanocitta turcosa"],["20046","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca viridicyanus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.9","White-collared Jay","White-collared Jay","White-collared Jay",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes of Peru (Amazonas) southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705652","whcjay2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcjay2","avibase-C0A71EF3",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia [type specimen from 'La Paz].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/183/mode/1up","Garrulus viridi-cyanus"],["20047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca viridicyanus jolyaea","(Bonaparte, 1852)","Tageblatt. 29te Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aertze in Wiesbaden 29 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8CAC876",null,null,"South America [= Molinopampa, Peru; suggested by Zimmer (1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 401)].",null,null,"Cyanocitta jolyaea"],["20048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca viridicyanus cyanolaema","Hellmayr, 1917","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13, no.1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7168C1F7",null,null,"Chuhuasi [= Uruhuasi], 15 miles north of Ollachea near Macusanai [= Macusani], Andes of Carabaya, Peru; 7,000 feet.","Bechreibung von sechs neotropischen Vogelformen, nebst einer Bemerkung über Ampelion cinctus (Tsch.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/117/mode/1up","Cyanolyca viridicyana cyanolaema"],["20049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanolyca viridicyanus viridicyanus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9675FBA9",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia [type specimen from 'La Paz].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/183/mode/1up","Garrulus viridi-cyanus"],["20050","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Gymnorhinus","Wied-Neuwied, 1841","Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834 2 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus [zu Wied, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Gymnorhinus"],["20051","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus","Wied-Neuwied, 1841","Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834 2 p.22","Pinyon Jay","Pinyon Jay","Pinyon Jay",null,null,"pinyon-juniper woodland of southern Oregon to southwestern USA and northern Baja California",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705608","pinjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinjay","avibase-A6905B3C",null,null,"am Maria-River [= between the Marias and Yellowstone rivers, Montana].",null,"https://ia601308.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=reiseindasinnere21841wied&itemPath=%2F32%2Fitems%2Freiseindasinnere21841wied&server=ia601308.us.archive.org&page=n49_w774","Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus"],["20052","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta","Strickland, 1845","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.15, no.98 p.260,261",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus cristatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,"On Cyanocitta, a proposed new genus of Garrvlinae, and on C. superciliosa, a new species of Blue Jay, hitherto confounded with C. ultramarina, Bonap.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61866#page/274/mode/1up","Cyanocitta"],["20053","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta cristata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106","Blue Jay","Blue Jay","Blue Jay",null,null,"deciduous, coniferous and mixed forest and woodland from eastern British Columbia eastward to Newfoundland (southwestern to northeastern Canada), southward to south-central Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (southeastern USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705611","blujay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blujay","avibase-1DA430B8",null,null,"in America septentrionali [= southeastern South Carolina, fide Oberholser (1921, Auk, 38, p. 83)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus cristatus"],["20054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta cristata bromia","Oberholser, 1921","The Auk 38, no.1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada (Alberta to Quebec) to central USA; winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3FF0F79",null,null,"Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio.","The geographic races of Cyanocitta cristata.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol38/iss1/7/","Cyanocitta cristata bromia"],["20055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta cristata cristata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB55B5BB",null,null,"in America septentrionali [= southeastern South Carolina, fide Oberholser (1921, Auk, 38, p. 83)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus cristatus"],["20056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta cristata semplei","Todd, 1928","The Auk 45, no.3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81728B06",null,null,"Coconut Grove, Florida","A new Blue Jay from southern Florida.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol45/iss3/19/","Cyanocitta cristata semplei"],["20057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta cristata cyanotephra","Sutton, 1935","The Auk 52, no.2 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Wyoming and Nebraska to western Kansas, Oklahoma, and northern Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC47AFB1",null,null,"Kenton, Cimmarron [sic) County, Oklahoma.","A new Blue Jay from the western border of the Great Basin.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol52/iss2/5/","Cyanocitta cristata cyanotephra"],["20058","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.370","Steller's Jay","Steller's Jay","Steller's Jay",null,null,"coniferous and mixed deciduous forest and woodland from south-central Alaska eastward to southwestern Yukon (western Canada), southward to southern California, New Mexico, and through the mountains of Mexico to north-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705614","stejay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stejay","avibase-2225D685",null,null,"in Sinu Natka Americae borealis [= Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/382/mode/1up","Corvus stelleri"],["20059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Alaska and coastal British Columbia to northwestern Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A000F2DD",null,null,"in Sinu Natka Americae borealis [= Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/382/mode/1up","Corvus stelleri"],["20060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri carlottae","Osgood, 1901","North American Fauna 21 (19), (September 26) p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Haida Gwaii (British Columbia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD7F7CC3",null,null,"Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83340#page/436/mode/1up","Cyanocitta stelleri carlottae"],["20061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis","(Ridgway, 1873)","The American Journal of Science and Arts ser.3, vol.5, no.25 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"central Oregon to southern California; winters to far northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6986077",null,null,"the Columbia southward, along the Sierra Nevada to southern California [= Carson City, Nevada] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113395#page/51/mode/1up","Cyanura stelleri var. frontalis"],["20062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri carbonacea","Grinnell, 1900","The Condor 2, no.6 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal California (Marin and Contra Costa to Monterey counties)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87DC566C",null,null,"Stevens' Creek Canyon, Santa Clara County, California.","New Races of Birds from the Pacific Coast","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol2/iss6/6/","Cyanocitta stelleri carbonacea"],["20063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri annectens","(Baird, 1874)","A history of North American birds. Land birds 2 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"interior British Columbia to northeastern Oregon and northwestern Wyoming",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C9122FF",null,null,"headwaters of the Columbia [= Hell Gate, east of Missoula, Montana].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31752#page/291/mode/1up","Cyanura stelleri var. annectens"],["20064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha","Baird, 1854","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.3 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central USA (eastern Nevada to southwestern South Dakota, southward to Arizona, New Mexico, and far western Texas) and northern Sonora and Chihuahua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92F1A3A2",null,null,"100 miles west of Albuquerque, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/140/mode/1up","Cyanocitta macrolopha"],["20065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri diademata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental (southeastern Sonora and southwestern Chihuahua and Jalisco); also on Cerro Potosí, Nuevo León, and western Tamaulipas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0670395A",null,null,"ex Mexico mer. Zacatecas [= Zacatecas, Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/587/mode/1up","Cyanogarrulus diadematus"],["20066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri phillipsi","Browning, 1993","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 113, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central San Luis Potosí (perhaps also Guanajuato and Hidalgo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B69E0921",null,null,"Canada Grande (7 miles SE by road), San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Elevation 7400 feet. Collected 8 May 1950 by Robert J. Newman","Taxonomy of the blue-crested group of Cyanocitta stelleri (Steller's jay) with a description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/45/mode/1up","Cyanocitta stelleri phillipsi"],["20067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri azteca","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.3 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Mexico (México, Morelos, Puebla, and west-central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39066F7B",null,null,"mountains near Vera Cruz, Mexico; restricted to Río Frio, State of Mexico, by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 403).","New species, etc., of American birds. IV. Fringillidae (Concluded) ; Corvidae (Part)'.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss3/8/","Cyanocitta stelleri azteca"],["20068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri coronata","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., Vol. 1, no.6 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern, east-central, and southern Mexico and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94BC31C7",null,null,"tableland of Mexico ; restricted to Real del Monte, Hidalgo, by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 403), and subsequently restricted to the vicinity of Cofre de Perote, Veracruz, by Davis (1945, Auk, 62, p. 280).i","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/453/mode/1up","Garrulus coronatus"],["20069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri purpurea","Aldrich, 1944","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 57 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (highlands of western and central Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67362D3C",null,null,"Patamban, Michoacan, Mexico.","Notes on the Steller Jays (Cyanocitta stelleri) of Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/256/mode/1up","Cyanocitta stelleri purpurea"],["20070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri restricta","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (highlands of Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E3DF1B4",null,null,"Río Molino and its head near San Miguel Suchixtepec","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/152/mode/1up","Cyanocitta stelleri restricta"],["20071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocitta stelleri suavis","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.184 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Honduras to central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C99909B",null,null,"San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.","Further notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4368/","Cyanocitta stelleri suavis"],["20072","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Garrulus californicus [Vigors, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, SF, 1858, in Rep. Explor. & Surv. Railroad M. Pac., 9, p. 584).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/237/mode/1up","Aphelocoma"],["20073","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma unicolor","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.103","Unicolored Jay","Unicolored Jay","Unicolored Jay",null,null,"montane forest of Hidalgo to Veracruz and northern Oaxaca and on Pacific side in Guerrero, disjunctly in Chiapas to Honduras and far north-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705642","unijay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unijay1","avibase-9E9E1171",null,null,"le Mexique; locality restricted by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 402) to San Cristobal [= Ciudad de Las Casas], Chiapas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/749/mode/1up","Cyanocorax unicolor"],["20074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma unicolor guerrerensis","Nelson, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (south-central Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5236E39",null,null,"Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/167/mode/1up","Aphelocoma guerrerensis"],["20075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma unicolor concolor","(Cassin, 1848)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico (west-central Veracruz, eastern México, and Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-354A695C",null,null,"'South America'; type locality designated by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 402) as eastern part of the State of Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/44/mode/1up","Cyanocorax concolor"],["20076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma unicolor oaxacae","Pitelka, 1946","The Condor 48, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (central highlands of Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B25D4B3",null,null,"Moctum, Oaxaca, Mexico.","A new race of Aphelocoma unicolor.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol48/iss1/16/","Aphelocoma unicolor oaxacae"],["20077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma unicolor unicolor","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A81953BB",null,null,"le Mexique; locality restricted by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 402) to San Cristobal [= Ciudad de Las Casas], Chiapas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/749/mode/1up","Cyanocorax unicolor"],["20078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma unicolor griscomi","Van Rossem, 1928","The Auk 45, no.3 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern El Salvador and western Honduras to far north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F366452D",null,null,"Los Esesmiles, Dept. Chalatenango, EI Salvador.","Three new Jays from El Salvador.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol45/iss3/18/","Aphelocoma unicolor griscomi"],["20079","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma ultramarina","(Bonaparte, 1825)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, pt.2, no.12 p.387","Transvolcanic Jay","Transvolcanic Jay","Transvolcanic Jay",null,null,"montane pine and pine-oak from western Jalisco eastward to west-central Veracruz (central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724961","mexjay3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexjay3","avibase-8A6D655E",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Temascaltepec [State of Mexico] by van Rossem (1942, Auk, 59, p. 573).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79352#page/401/mode/1up","Corvus ultramarinus"],["20080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma ultramarina colimae","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Jalisco (except southeastern) and northeastern Colima (west-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A131B82F",null,null,"Jacala, Jalisco, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Aphelocoma sieberi colimae"],["20081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma ultramarina ultramarina","(Bonaparte, 1825)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, pt.2, no.12 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Jalisco to west-central Veracruz (central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34685070",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Temascaltepec [State of Mexico] by van Rossem (1942, Auk, 59, p. 573).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79352#page/401/mode/1up","Corvus ultramarinus"],["20082","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma wollweberi","Kaup, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.12, suppl. p.lv,footnote","Mexican Jay","Mexican Jay","Mexican Jay",null,null,"oak and/or pine in mountains of south-central Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas southward to Jalisco in the west and Hidalgo in the east (central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724967","mexjay4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexjay4","avibase-56B8CE7A",null,null,"Mexico; restricted by Pitelka (1951, Univ. California, Publ. Zool. 50, p. 330) to Valparaiso Mountains, Zacatecas.","Einige Worte über die systematische Stellung der Familie der Raben, Corvidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1197/mode/1up","Aphelocoma wollweberi"],["20083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma wollweberi arizonae","(Ridgway, 1874)","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5, no.12 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Arizona and New Mexico to northern Sonora and northwestern Chihuahua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5797CB81",null,null,"Fort Buchanan, Arizona; and Copper Mines, Arizona [= Old Fort Buchanan, near Crittenden, Santa Cruz County, Arizona].","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/207/mode/1up","Cyanocitta ultramarina var. arizonae"],["20084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma wollweberi wollweberi","Kaup, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.12, suppl. p.lv,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and west-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A69959A",null,null,"Mexico; restricted by Pitelka (1951, Univ. California, Publ. Zool. 50, p. 330) to Valparaiso Mountains, Zacatecas.","Einige Worte über die systematische Stellung der Familie der Raben, Corvidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/1197/mode/1up","Aphelocoma wollweberi"],["20085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma wollweberi potosina","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.27-28",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of east-central Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Querétaro and central Hidalgo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B850C4B1",null,null,"mountains near Jesus Maria, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Aphelocoma sieberi potosina"],["20086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma wollweberi couchii","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.588",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far southwestern Texas to southern Nuevo León and central Tamaulipas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79381570",null,null,"Monterey (sic) Mexico [= Guayjuco, eighteen miles southeast of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/652/mode/1up","Cyanocitta couchii"],["20087","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma coerulescens","(Bosc, 1795)","Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris 1(1791-1799) Vert.&Germ. p.87","Florida Scrub Jay","Florida Scrub-Jay","Florida Scrub-jay",null,null,"locally in central peninsular and Atlantic coastal Florida",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705629","flsjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flsjay","avibase-D78D24B9",null,null,"in Amer. septentrionale [= Florida].","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Animaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28082#page/99/mode/1up","Corvus coerulescens"],["20088","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.584, p.xliii, 585","Woodhouse's Scrub Jay","Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay",null,"2025-1099","Three species are recognized in the <em>Aphelocoma californica</em> complex: monotypic <em>A. insularis</em>; polytypic <em>A. californica</em>; and polytypic <em>A. woodhouseii</em>. Although mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (McCormack et al. 2011) indicate that <em>A. californica sensu lato</em> is paraphyletic with respect to the <em>sumichrasti </em>Group (currently treated within <em>woodhouseii</em>), species limits in this phenotypically variable complex remain uncertain due to limited taxon sampling and lack of formal bioacoustic analyses.","pinyon-juniper (mainly) and other scrub and woodland from northwestern Nevada, southern Idaho, and southern Wyoming southward through eastern California and central Texas through mountains of Mexico to Oaxaca",null,null,null,"wooscj2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wooscj2","avibase-EC9E9745",null,null,"central line of Rocky Mountains to table lands of Mexico [ = Fort Thorn (ten miles west of Rincon, Doiia Ana County), New Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/648/mode/1up","Cyanocitta woodhouseii"],["20089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii nevadae","Pitelka, 1945","The Condor 47, no.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Oregon southward through Great Basin to northeastern Sonora and northwestern Chihuahua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C1663FF",null,null,"3 miles east of Jackass Springs, 6,200 feet, Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California.","Differentiation of the Scrub Jay, Aphelocoma Coerulescens, in the Great Basin and Arizona","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol47/iss1/2/","Aphelocoma coerulescens nevadae"],["20090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii woodhouseii","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.584, p.xliii, 585",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains to western Oklahoma, western Texas, and northern Chihuahua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6A9281C",null,null,"central line of Rocky Mountains to table lands of Mexico [ = Fort Thorn (ten miles west of Rincon, Doiia Ana County), New Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/648/mode/1up","Cyanocitta woodhouseii"],["20091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii texana","Ridgway, 1902","The Auk 19, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D647CE47",null,null,"near head of Nueces River, Edwards County, Texas.","Descriptions of Three New Birds of the Families Mniotiltid[Ae] and Corvid[Ae]","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol19/iss1/9/","Aphelocoma texana"],["20092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii grisea","Nelson, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (east slopes of Sierra Madre Occidental)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11AD3D38",null,null,"near Guachochi [= Guachochic (lat. 26° 45' N., long. 107° 01' W.), north of Río Fuerte], Sierra Madre, southern Chihuahua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/53/mode/1up","Aphelocoma grisea"],["20093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii cyanotis","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of east-central Mexico (southern Coahuila and Nuevo León to Hidalgo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05DEB64C",null,null,"'Mexico' [= Real del Monte, Hidalgo, fide Pitelka (1951, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50, p. 404)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/379/mode/1up","Aphelocoma cyanotis"],["20094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii sumichrasti","(Ridgway, 1874)","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5, no.12 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexican Plateau (Veracruz to Puebla and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F581F108",null,null,"Orizaba [Veracruz], Mexico.","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/207/mode/1up","Cyanocitta floridana var. sumichrasti"],["20095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma woodhouseii remota","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F57CBEE2",null,null,"Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/452/mode/1up","Aphelocoma californica remota"],["20096","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma insularis","Henshaw, 1886","The Auk 3, no.4 p.452","Island Scrub Jay","Island Scrub-Jay",null,"2025-1099","Three species are recognized in the <em>Aphelocoma californica</em> complex: monotypic <em>A. insularis</em>; polytypic <em>A. californica</em>; and polytypic <em>A. woodhouseii</em>. Although mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (McCormack et al. 2011) indicate that <em>A. californica sensu lato</em> is paraphyletic with respect to the <em>sumichrasti </em>Group (currently treated within <em>woodhouseii</em>), species limits in this phenotypically variable complex remain uncertain due to limited taxon sampling and lack of formal bioacoustic analyses.","Santa Cruz Island (Channel Islands off southern California)",null,null,null,"issjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/issjay","avibase-0B136C63",null,null,"Santa Cruz Island, California.","Description of a new Jay from California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/5/","Aphelocoma insularis"],["20097","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.21 pl.V","California Scrub Jay","California Scrub-Jay",null,"2025-1099","Three species are recognized in the <em>Aphelocoma californica</em> complex: monotypic <em>A. insularis</em>; polytypic <em>A. californica</em>; and polytypic <em>A. woodhouseii</em>. Although mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (McCormack et al. 2011) indicate that <em>A. californica sensu lato</em> is paraphyletic with respect to the <em>sumichrasti </em>Group (currently treated within <em>woodhouseii</em>), species limits in this phenotypically variable complex remain uncertain due to limited taxon sampling and lack of formal bioacoustic analyses.","mostly shrubland, chaparral, and oak-pine woodland from far southwestern British Columbia (southwestern Canada) along Pacific coast and interior Washington and Oregon, southward to southern Baja California",null,null,null,"cowscj1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cowscj1","avibase-151C2B3F",null,null,"Monterey [= Monterey County, California].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/55/mode/1up","Garrulus californicus"],["20098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica immanis","Grinnell, 1901","The Auk 18, no.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Washington and western Oregon (northwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FF4A7E8",null,null,"Scio and Salem, Williamette Valley, Oregon [= Scio, Linn County, Oregon].","The Long-tailed Jay.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss2/14/","Aphelocoma californica immanis"],["20099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica caurina","Pitelka, 1951","University of California Publications in Zoology 50 no.3 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Oregon to central California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E02F931",null,null,"one mile east of Wedderburn, Curry County, Oregon.",null,null,"Aphelocoma coerulescens caurina"],["20100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica oocleptica","Swarth, 1918","University of California Publications in Zoology 17 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Oregon to interior south-central California and western Nevada (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5613D3C8",null,null,"Nicasio, Marin County, California.","The Pacific coast Jays of the genus Aphelocoma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93466#page/501/mode/1up","Aphelocoma californica oocleptica"],["20101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica californica","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.21 pl.V",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal range of central California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA04ECC3",null,null,"Monterey [= Monterey County, California].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/55/mode/1up","Garrulus californicus"],["20102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica cana","Pitelka, 1951","University of California Publications in Zoology 50 no.3 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern California (Eagle Mountain area of Riverside County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC147DB7",null,null,"north side of Eagle Mountain, 4,000 feet. Riverside County, California.",null,null,"Aphelocoma coerulescens cana"],["20103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica obscura","Anthony, 1889","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern California and northern Baja California (south to Todos Santos Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8050F6D9",null,null,"Valladores (sic), L. C. [= Valladeres, west base of Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31479#page/85/mode/1up","Aphelocoma californica obscura"],["20104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68652EFC",null,null,"vicinity of Cape St. Lucas, Lower California [= La Paz, Baja California, designated by Ridgway (1904, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, p. 331)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/378/mode/1up","Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca"],["20105","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.975",null,null,null,"2025-1083","The genera <em>Psilorhinus </em>(monotypic) and <em>Calocitta </em>(polytypic) are merged into <em>Cyanocorax </em>based on the genomic data of McCullough et al. (2022). Continued recognition of these genera would render <em>Cyanocorax </em>paraphyletic.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus pileatus [Temminck, 1821]; type by monotypy = Pica chrysops Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/536/mode/1up","Cyanocorax"],["20106","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax colliei","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.353 pl.12","Black-throated Magpie-Jay","Black-throated Magpie-Jay","Black-throated Magpie-jay","2025-1083","The genera <em>Psilorhinus </em>(monotypic) and <em>Calocitta </em>(polytypic) are merged into <em>Cyanocorax </em>based on the genomic data of McCullough et al. (2022). Continued recognition of these genera would render <em>Cyanocorax </em>paraphyletic.","Pacific slope of northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora to Jalisco and Colima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705756","btmjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btmjay","avibase-0E51C3D5",null,null,"San Blas, Nayarit, and Mazatlán, Sinaloa","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/365/mode/1up","Pica colliei"],["20107","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax formosus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.437","White-throated Magpie-Jay","White-throated Magpie-Jay","White-throated Magpie-jay","2025-1083","The genera <em>Psilorhinus </em>(monotypic) and <em>Calocitta </em>(polytypic) are merged into <em>Cyanocorax </em>based on the genomic data of McCullough et al. (2022). Continued recognition of these genera would render <em>Cyanocorax </em>paraphyletic.","dry forest of lowlands and hills of Pacific slope from Jalisco to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705760","wtmjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtmjay1","avibase-F0B23CDA",null,null,"Temiscaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114021#page/156/mode/1up","Pica formosa"],["20108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax formosus formosus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Mexico (Colima, Michoacán, and Puebla to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7918E4B7",null,null,"Temiscaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114021#page/156/mode/1up","Pica formosa"],["20109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax formosus azureus","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.55-56",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36443778",null,null,"Huchuetan, Chiapas, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Calocitta formosa azurea"],["20110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax formosus pompatus","(Bangs, 1914)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"arid interior of southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63E2C07F",null,null,"Bolson, northwestern Costa Rica.","A new Magpie-Jay from western Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45440#page/112/mode/1up","Calocitta formosa pompata"],["20111","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax morio","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.751","Brown Jay","Brown Jay","Brown Jay","2025-1083","The genera <em>Psilorhinus </em>(monotypic) and <em>Calocitta </em>(polytypic) are merged into <em>Cyanocorax </em>based on the genomic data of McCullough et al. (2022). Continued recognition of these genera would render <em>Cyanocorax </em>paraphyletic.","varied edge and wooded habitats of lowlands to hills, from Rio Grande Valley (sporadic in south Texas) along Caribbean slope through Yucatan Peninsula (except Cozumel) and through Nicaragua, thence on both slopes from northwestern Costa Rica to west-central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705742","brnjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnjay","avibase-AD6BFD7E",null,null,"Mexico [= Alvarado, Veracruz, fide Stresemann (1954, Condor, 56, p. 89)].","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/386/mode/1up","Pica morio"],["20112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax morio palliatus","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf-Caribbean slope of southeastern Texas to southeastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72B77FC9",null,null,"Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. B. Notes on some types of Mexican and Central American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/461/mode/1up","Psilorhinus morio palliatus"],["20113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax morio morio","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.751",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDE72F59",null,null,"Mexico [= Alvarado, Veracruz, fide Stresemann (1954, Condor, 56, p. 89)].","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/386/mode/1up","Pica morio"],["20114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax morio vociferus","(Cabot, 1843)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 1 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Yucatan Peninsula (Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07E4C17D",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37030#page/171/mode/1up","Corvus vociferus"],["20115","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax coeruleus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.126","Azure Jay","Azure Jay","Azure Jay","2025-N051","The original spelling contains an -oe (<em>coerulea</em>). The spelling variant with an -ae (<em>caeruleus </em>/ <em>caerulea</em>) is currently used more widely, leading many taxonomists to interpret it as in prevailing usage under Article 33.3.1 of the Code. However, the level to which the latter spelling is \"prevailing\" is currently controversial, leading to a retention of the original spelling in this list.","southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705708","azujay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azujay1","avibase-D435058A",null,null,"Paraguay; based on Azara, no. 55, 'Urraca celeste'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/142/mode/1up","Pica caerulea"],["20116","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax violaceus","Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.103","Violaceous Jay","Violaceous Jay","Violaceous Jay",null,null,"rainforest and edge in coastal northern Venezuela (Anzoátegui), and the Orinoco and Amazon basins from north-central Venezuela southward to far northern Brazil (Roraima) and adjacent Guyana, and southward in western Amazonia, west of the Rio Negro, to eastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705711","viojay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viojay1","avibase-6D69986E",null,null,"'Le Pérou'; restricted to Pebas, R. Marañón (left bank), Dept. Loreto, E. Peru by Gyldenstolpe (1951, Ark. f. Zool., 2 (1), p. 271).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/749/mode/1up","Cyanocorax violaceus"],["20117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax violaceus pallidus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean littoral of northern Venezuela (Anzoátegui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00D4021F",null,null,"Barcelona, Anzoátegui, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Cyanocorax violaceus pallidus"],["20118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax violaceus violaceus","Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85BD935C",null,null,"'Le Pérou'; restricted to Pebas, R. Marañón (left bank), Dept. Loreto, E. Peru by Gyldenstolpe (1951, Ark. f. Zool., 2 (1), p. 271).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/749/mode/1up","Cyanocorax violaceus"],["20119","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax cyanomelas","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.127","Purplish Jay","Purplish Jay","Purplish Jay",null,null,"southeastern Peru to northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, and southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705705","purjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purjay1","avibase-F39AEC44",null,null,"Paraguay; based on Azara no. 54, 'Urraca morada'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/143/mode/1up","Pica cyanomelas"],["20120","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax cristatellus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.33, vol.2 pl.193","Curl-crested Jay","Curl-crested Jay","Curl-crested Jay",null,null,"south-central Brazil to eastern Bolivia and far northeastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705714","cucjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cucjay1","avibase-85FA7893",null,null,"Bresil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/229/mode/1up","Corvus cristatellus"],["20121","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax mystacalis","(de Sparre, 1835)","Magasin de Zoologie 5, cl.2 text to pl.34, p.1-2; pl.34","White-tailed Jay","White-tailed Jay","White-tailed Jay",null,null,"arid southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (south to La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705735","whtjay2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtjay2","avibase-B3CB727E",null,null,"Guayaquil [Ecuador].","PIE. PICA. Cuvier. - P. à moustaches blanches. P. mystacalis. G. S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114196#page/27/mode/1up","Pica mystacalis"],["20122","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38","Green Jay","Green Jay","Green Jay","2025-1098","Taxon <em>luxuosus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyanocorax yncas</em> pending further research. Although mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Bonaccorso et al. 2010) indicate the presence of two clades, geographic sampling is limited, ventral plumage coloration is highly variable, and vocalizations have not been formally analysed. A comprehensive, integrative analysis of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations across all populations is needed to determine species limits in this group.","Rio Grande Valley of Texas southward on Caribbean slope and Pacific slope from southern Nayarit to Jalisco, but more commonly from Guerrero southward to western Guatemala, to northern Guatemala, Belize, and western and north-central Honduras; South American population ranges from mountains of northern Venezuela to Andes of western Venezuela, Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705738","grnjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnjay","avibase-361B447A",null,null,"Peru; type locality restricted by Zimmer (1953, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 25, p. 7) to Chilpes, Dept. Junín.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Corvus yncas"],["20123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas glaucescens","(Ridgway, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"extreme southern Texas (southern USA), Nuevo León and Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A049190C",null,null,"Forth Brown, Texas.","New species, etc., of American birds. V. Corvidae (Concluded).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss1/6/","Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens"],["20124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas luxuosus","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.100-101",null,null,null,null,null,"San Luis Potosí to northeastern Puebla and central Veracruz (east-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D8DF8BF",null,null,"Mexico.","Description de treize oiseaux nouveaux, suivies de rectifications sur quelques espèces déjà publiées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/108/mode/1up","Garrulus luxuosus"],["20125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas speciosus","(Nelson, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.265-266",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Mexico (Nayarit and Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-310FD4AE",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Xanthoura luxuosa speciosa"],["20126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas vividus","(Ridgway, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Colima and Guerrero (southwestern Mexico) to western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8245B2B",null,null,"Pluma, Oaxaca [Mexico].","New species, etc., of American birds. V. Corvidae (Concluded).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss1/6/","Xanthoura luxuosa vivida"],["20127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas maya","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) and far southern Quintana Roo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88BE34C5",null,null,"Río Lagartos, Yucatan.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. A. Notes on some species and subspecies of Guatemala Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/443/mode/1up","Xanthoura luxuosa maya"],["20128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas confusus","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiapas (southern Mexico) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6ADDC94",null,null,"6 and 4 km (plus or minus) east of Pijijiapan, Chiapas","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/153/mode/1up","Cyanocorax yncas confusus"],["20129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas centralis","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Tabasco) to Belize, eastern Guatemala, and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14C35083",null,null,"Secanquim, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. A. Notes on some species and subspecies of Guatemala Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/443/mode/1up","Xanthoura luxuosa centralis"],["20130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas galeatus","(Ridgway, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical central Colombia (west of eastern Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD1ACD41",null,null,"Western Colombia [= El Eden, Central Andes (Tolima side), suggested by Chapman (1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 637)].","New species, etc., of American birds. V. Corvidae (Concluded).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss1/6/","Xanthoura yncas galeata"],["20131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas cyanodorsalis","(Dubois, 1874)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63B78211",null,null,"'Nouvelle Grenade' [= Colombia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28481#page/519/mode/1up","Xanthoura yncas var. cyanodorsalis"],["20132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas guatimalensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F050A662",null,null,"Guatemala; error [= Caracas, Venezuela, fide van Rossem (1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 396)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/592/mode/1up","Xanthoura guatimalensis"],["20133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas yncas","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southwestern Colombia to Ecuador, Peru, and central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47CF7735",null,null,"Peru; type locality restricted by Zimmer (1953, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 25, p. 7) to Chilpes, Dept. Junín.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Corvus yncas"],["20134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yncas longirostris","(Carriker, 1933)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (arid upper Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E53F0EE",null,null,"Soquián, Marañón Valley- , Prov. Huamachuco, Dept. [La] Libertad, Peru; alt. 8,000 feet.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Xanthoura yncas longirostris"],["20135","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax melanocyaneus","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.215","Bushy-crested Jay","Bushy-crested Jay","Bushy-crested Jay",null,null,"varied wooded habitats in hills and mountains from far western Guatemala through west-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705681","bucjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucjay1","avibase-F4C0C70B",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/223/mode/1up","Garrulus (Cyanocorax) melanocyaneus"],["20136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax melanocyaneus melanocyaneus","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern to central Guatemala (south of the Petén) eastward to western El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CE6584F",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/223/mode/1up","Garrulus (Cyanocorax) melanocyaneus"],["20137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax melanocyaneus chavezi","(Miller & Griscom, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.184 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8F70914",null,null,"Matagalpa, Nicaragua.","Further notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4368/","Cissilopha melanocyanea chavezi"],["20138","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yucatanicus","(Dubois, 1875)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 2e sér., 40 p.797","Yucatan Jay","Yucatan Jay","Yucatan Jay",null,null,"varied lowland woodland types in Yucatan Peninsula and areas just to the south from Tabasco through Petén (northern Guatemala) and northern Belize",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705693","yucjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yucjay1","avibase-6462D4B8",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28486#page/829/mode/1up","Cyanocitta yucatanica"],["20139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yucatanicus yucatanicus","(Dubois, 1875)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 2e sér., 40 p.797",null,null,null,null,null,"Campeche (except southeastern) through Yucatan Peninsula (not including Cozumel) to Petén of Guatemala and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06FDF65E",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28486#page/829/mode/1up","Cyanocitta yucatanica"],["20140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax yucatanicus rivularis","(Brodkorb, 1940)","The Auk 57, no.4 p.542-549",null,null,null,null,null,"Tabasco and southwestern Campeche (southwest of Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68EA9339",null,null,"Balacan, Tabasco.","New Birds from Southern Mexico","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss4/10/","Cissilopha yucatanica rivularis"],["20141","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax beecheii","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.353","Purplish-backed Jay","Purplish-backed Jay","Purplish-backed Jay",null,null,"lowlands of western Mexico (southeastern Sonora and Chihuahua to Nayarit)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705699","pubjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubjay1","avibase-97E7CC5E",null,null,"Montereale [= Mazatlán, Sinaloa or San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico].","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/365/mode/1up","Pica Beecheii"],["20142","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax sanblasianus","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.4 text to pl.27, p.1-2; pl.28","San Blas Jay","San Blas Jay","San Blas Jay",null,null,"varied woodland types of lowlands and hills from southern Nayarit to central coastal Guerrero",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705687","sabjay","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabjay","avibase-DB6DC76D",null,null,"Acapulco et a San-Blas, W. Mexique [= Acapulco].","G. PIE. PICA. Cuvier. - P. de San-Blas. P. San-Blasiana. De Lafresn. - (Geai de San-Blas, Néboux, Rev. zool., 1840, p. 290 et 323.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124278#page/117/mode/1up","Pica San-Blasiana"],["20143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax sanblasianus nelsoni","(Bangs & Penard, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.2 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nayarit (San Blas area) southward to western Guerrero (west-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C31618E9",null,null,"Colima, Mexico.","Some critical notes on birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/52/mode/1up","Cissilopha sanblasiana nelsoni"],["20144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax sanblasianus sanblasianus","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.4 text to pl.27, p.1-2; pl.28",null,null,null,null,null,"central Guerrero (west-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA06C317",null,null,"Acapulco et a San-Blas, W. Mexique [= Acapulco].","G. PIE. PICA. Cuvier. - P. de San-Blas. P. San-Blasiana. De Lafresn. - (Geai de San-Blas, Néboux, Rev. zool., 1840, p. 290 et 323.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124278#page/117/mode/1up","Pica San-Blasiana"],["20145","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax dickeyi","Moore, 1935","The Auk 52, no.3 p.275","Tufted Jay","Tufted Jay","Tufted Jay",null,null,"montane forest of northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa, Durango, and Nayarit)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705726","tufjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tufjay1","avibase-735CC47C",null,null,"Rancho Batel, 5 miles NE. of Santa Lucia, Sinaloa, Mexico (altitude 5,200 ft.).","A new Jay of the genus Cyanocorax from Sinaloa, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol52/iss3/5/","Cyanocorax dickeyi"],["20146","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax affinis","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.164","Black-chested Jay","Black-chested Jay","Black-chested Jay",null,null,"humid to dry forest edge of lowlands and hills from far southwestern and southeastern Costa Rica through Panama north to Falcón (northwestern Venezuela) and southward west of Andes to southwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705723","blcjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcjay1","avibase-C63A2BBF",null,null,"'Bogotá'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/178/mode/1up","Cyanocorax affinis"],["20147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.3 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F9220D0",null,null,"Talamanca, Costa Rica.","New species, etc., of American birds. IV. Fringillidae (Concluded) ; Corvidae (Part)'.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss3/8/","Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni"],["20148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax affinis affinis","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-273565F9",null,null,"'Bogotá'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/178/mode/1up","Cyanocorax affinis"],["20149","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax heilprini","Gentry, 1885","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 37 p.90","Azure-naped Jay","Azure-naped Jay",null,"2025-1097","Taxon <em>hafferi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyanocorax heilprini</em> based on available evidence. The bluish bare skin patches of <em>hafferi </em>also occur, to some extent, in <em>heilprini</em>, mitochondrial DNA divergence is shallow, and the two taxa are indistinguishable vocally. Analysis of genomic DNA would be informative.","disjunctly in sandy-soil forest and woodland savanna in southern Venezuela, eastern Colombia, and western Brazil (northern Amazonas), and near the southern bank of the Amazon River (southern Amazonas and far northern Rondônia)",null,null,null,"aznjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aznjay1","avibase-B2EDDFD5",null,null,"Río Negro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30490#page/90/mode/1up","Cyanocorax heilprini"],["20150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax heilprini heilprini","Gentry, 1885","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 37 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela (Amazonas) and far northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40FA7C73",null,null,"Río Negro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30490#page/90/mode/1up","Cyanocorax heilprini"],["20151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax heilprini hafferi","Cohn-Haft, Santos, Fernandes & Ribas, 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.306-310",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Amazonian Brazil, from the west bank of the Rio Purus to the west bank of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7629D2C2",null,null,"Brazil: Amazonas; state road AM-464; 65 km north by northwest of Manicoré, “Campo do Matupiri-Amapá” (5°21.5’S/61°41’W); collected on 16 January 2005 by Abelor Finzis de Jesus, José Lima dos Santos, and Dionésio Hipy do Espírito Santo","A new species of Cyanocorax jay from savannas of the central Amazon","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/306-310_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Cyanocorax hafferi"],["20152","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax cayanus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.157","Cayenne Jay","Cayenne Jay","Cayenne Jay",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (Bolívar) to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705720","cayjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cayjay1","avibase-9E218A3A",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/161/mode/1up","Corvus cayanus"],["20153","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax cyanopogon","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.136 (or p.137), text","White-naped Jay","White-naped Jay","White-naped Jay",null,null,"tableland of eastern Brazil (Pará to Minas Gerais and eastern Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705732","whnjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnjay1","avibase-70FE041E",null,null,"Rio Cachoeira [a headwater of the Rio Ilheos, eastern Baia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/544/mode/1up","Corvus cyanopogon"],["20154","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax chrysops","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.124","Plush-crested Jay","Plush-crested Jay","Plush-crested Jay",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest, woodland, and scrub in the south-central Amazon basin south of the Amazon River in Brazil from eastern Amazonas and western Pará, and southeastern Brazil from central Minas Gerais, southward to northern and eastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (to Catamarca), northern Buenos Aires, and western Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705729","plcjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plcjay1","avibase-5A64A7E7",null,null,"Paraguay; based on Azara, no. 53, 'Acahe'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/140/mode/1up","Pica chrysops"],["20155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax chrysops diesingii","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E188282",null,null,"Borba, Rio Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/178/mode/1up","Cyanocorax diesingii"],["20156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax chrysops insperatus","Pinto & Camargo, 1961","Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo 11 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33503CE7",null,null,"Cachimbo, east of Alto Tapajós, Pará, Brazil","Resultados ornitologicos de quatro recentes expedições do Departemento de Zoologia ao Nordeste do Brasil, com a descrição de seis novas subespecies.",null,"Cyanocorax chrysops insperatus"],["20157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax chrysops chrysops","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Bolivia, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-470F616A",null,null,"Paraguay; based on Azara, no. 53, 'Acahe'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/140/mode/1up","Pica chrysops"],["20158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Cyanocorax chrysops tucumanus","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.162 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17EBA8DB",null,null,"Tucumán.","[Neue Arten aus unbekannten Gebietes Nordargentiniens].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/228/mode/1up","Cyanocorax tucumanus"],["20159","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus glandarius [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Corvus glandarius Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/72/mode/1up","Garrulus"],["20160","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106","Eurasian Jay","Eurasian Jay",null,"2025-1078","The Eurasian Jay <em>Garrulus glandarius</em> complex is treated as a single, highly polytypic species pending further research. Although multiple species are sometimes recognized (e.g., taxa <em>japonicus, bispecularis </em>and <em>leucotis</em>) based on bioacoustic, morphological, and/or mitochondrial DNA (Aoki et al. 2018) evidence, a comprehensive analysis incorporating all taxa is lacking. Further research incorporating genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological data is needed to assess species limits in this complex.","widespread in temperate Palearctic in lowland to montane forest, woodland, parks, and orchards, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to southern Siberia and Japan, southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, and Middle East, and from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to Indochina, eastern China, and Taiwan; seasonal downslope dispersal in mountains, and occasional irregular irruptions",null,null,null,"eurjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurjay1","avibase-D8D10F2C",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 29).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus glandarius"],["20161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius hibernicus","Witherby & Hartert, 1911","British Birds 4 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"Ireland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02D73DF5",null,null,"County Wexford, Ireland.","The Irish Jay, Garrulus glandarius hibernicus subsp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36820#page/256/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius hibernicus"],["20162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius rufitergum","Hartert, 1903","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Scotland, England, Wales, and northern France",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2CE7F96",null,null,"Tring, Herts., England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/92/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius rufitergum"],["20163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius glandarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1B58E61",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 29).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus glandarius"],["20164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius fasciatus","(Brehm, 1857)","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82FADFAF",null,null,"Spain.",null,"https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/472","G[landarius] garrulus fasciatus"],["20165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius corsicanus","Laubmann, 1912","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C65627D9",null,null,"Corsica.","Zwei neue paläarktische Formen.",null,"Garrulus glandarius corsicanus"],["20166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius ichnusae","Kleinschmidt, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D489737",null,null,"Sardinia.","Neue Formen von Sardinien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/110/mode/1up","Garrulus ichnusae"],["20167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius albipectus","Kleinschmidt, 1920","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 16, no.4 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy, Sicily, and the Dalmatian coast of Croatia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E7F0A3F",null,null,"Firenze, Tuscany.","Einer überraschende neue Häheform (Garrulus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/282/mode/1up","Garrulus albipectus"],["20168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius graecus","Keve-Kleiner, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Kosovo and southern Serbia to southern Bulgaria and mainland Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A75C648D",null,null,"Taiyetos Mts., Peloponnesus, Greece.","A new Jay from the Balkans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/101/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius graecus"],["20169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius ferdinandi","Keve-Kleiner, 1944","Aquila A Magyar Ornithologiai Kozpont Folyoirata 50 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bulgaria to northern Türkiye (Istranca Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1B31DD3",null,null,"Skef, near Burgas, eastern Bulgaria.","Ein neuer Eichelhäher aus Südost-Bulgarien, Garrulus glandarius ferdinandi ssp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99299#page/335/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius ferdinandi"],["20170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius cretorum","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Crete",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9336391",null,null,"Mt. Ida. Crete.","Descriptions of new subspecies from various localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/49/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius cretorum"],["20171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius glaszneri","Madarász, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06F94CD8",null,null,"Cyprus.","Der cyprische Heher (Garrulus glaszneri n. sp.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/183/mode/1up","Garrulus glaszneri"],["20172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius whitakeri","Hartert, 1903","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Morocco and northwestern Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DB2BE07",null,null,"Tangier.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/95/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius whitakeri"],["20173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius minor","Verreaux, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.439, pl. 14",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlas Mountains of Morocco and Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E57F5C6E",null,null,"Algeria [= Djelfa, southern Algeria].","Description et figure d'une nouvelle espèce de Geai découverte, par M. le capitaine Loche, en Algérie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/447/mode/1up","Garrulus minor"],["20174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius cervicalis","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37, no.23 p.828, note 1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Algeria and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DA85708",null,null,"Algeria.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Seconde communication : Passereaux cultrirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/838/mode/1up","Garrulus cervicalis"],["20175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius samios","Keve-Kleiner, 1939","Aquila A Magyar Ornithologiai Kozpont Folyoirata 42-45 p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"Samos and Ikaria region of eastern Aegean Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A12E37BB",null,null,"Vathy, Samos.","Systematische Studien über die Corviden des Karpathen-Beckens, nebst einer Revision ihrer Rassenkreise.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186193#page/639/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius samios"],["20176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius anatoliae","Seebohm, 1883","A history of British birds, with coloured illustrations of their eggs 1 p.570",null,null,null,null,null,"western Türkiye and eastern Aegean Sea to northern Iraq and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21F4A078",null,null,"Asia Minor [=Turkey]",null,null,"Garrulus anatoliae"],["20177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius iphigenia","Sushkin & Ptuschenko, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC016B65",null,null,"Koreis, southern Crimea.","Garrulus glandarius iphigenia, n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/16/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius iphigenia"],["20178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius krynicki","Kaleniczenko, 1839","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.325, pl. 9",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1182507",null,null,"Georgievsk [northern Caucasus].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98694#page/340/mode/1up","Garrulus Krynicki"],["20179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius atricapillus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Études zoologiques fasc. 1 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Lebanon to southern Syria, Israel, and western Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB0722FC",null,null,"Mt. Liban, Lebanon.",null,null,"Garrulus atricapillus"],["20180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius hyrcanus","Blanford, 1873","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.225-226",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iran (Elburz Mountains and south shore of Caspian Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-995049E4",null,null,"Mazenderan.","Descriptions of a new Jay and a new Woodpecker from Persia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/247/mode/1up","Garrulus hyrcanus"],["20181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius brandtii","Eversmann, 1842","Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Zoographiam Rosso-Asiaticam 3 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Siberia and northern Mongolia eastward through northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and northern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22D174E5",null,null,"montium altaicorum [Altai mountains].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48330#page/70/mode/1up","Garrulus brandtii"],["20182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius kansuensis","Stresemann, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Kazakhstan (eastern Tian Shan) and western China (Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE2FFB96",null,null,"near Tschau-tou, 'northern Kansu.","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu II.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0041-0042.pdf","Garrulus glandarius kansuensis"],["20183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius pekingensis","Reichenow, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.2 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D9739E5",null,null,"Peking.","[Über die Arten der Gattung Garrulus].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/477/mode/1up","Garrulus bispecularis pekingensis"],["20184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius japonicus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1847","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.83, pl.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Tsushima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57F26792",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/93/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius japonicus"],["20185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius tokugawae","Taka-Tsukasa, 1931","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 7, no.32 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Sado Island (off northwestern Honshu, northwestern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58C6C5AE",null,null,"Sado Island.","A new form of Jay from Sado Island.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo.7.32_110","Garrulus glandarius tokugawae"],["20186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius orii","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Yakushima (northern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0747F5CC",null,null,"Yakushima.","Description of new subspecies from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/492/mode/1up","Garrulus glandarius orii"],["20187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius sinensis","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"western China to northern Yunnan and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-729856FA",null,null,"Foochow, China",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/477/mode/1up","Garrulus sinensis"],["20188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius taivanus","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFB30728",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/336/mode/1up","Garrulus taivanus"],["20189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius bispecularis","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas from northern Pakistan (Murree Hills) eastward to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-805641C6",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/21/mode/1up","Garrulus bispecularis"],["20190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius interstinctus","Hartert, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal to eastern Himalayas and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F608416B",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Garrulus bispecularis and its allies, with list of all forms of Garrulus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/466/mode/1up","Garrulus bispecularis interstinctus"],["20191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius persaturatus","Hartert, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Khasi Hills, Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DE6EAB0",null,null,"Shillong, Khasia Hills.","Garrulus bispecularis and its allies, with list of all forms of Garrulus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/466/mode/1up","Garrulus bispecularis persaturatus"],["20192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius oatesi","Sharpe, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and central Myanmar (Chin Hills and upper Chindwin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ED20765",null,null,"Chin Hills.","[Description of two apparently new species of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/338/mode/1up","Garrulus oatesi"],["20193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius haringtoni","Rippon, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria in southern Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3137E02B",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.","On four new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/709/mode/1up","Garrulus haringtoni"],["20194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus glandarius leucotis","Hume, 1874","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to southern Yunnan and Thailand to central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-365E104E",null,null,"no locality [= Kyauknyat, Tenasserim].","New species of Birds exhibited and characterized.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107495#page/102/mode/1up","Garrulus leucotis"],["20195","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus lanceolatus","Vigors, 1830","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.1 text to pl.40","Black-headed Jay","Black-headed Jay","Black-headed Jay",null,null,"Himalayas (Afghanistan to northern India and central Nepal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705768","blhjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhjay1","avibase-F282B48C",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/175/mode/1up","Garrulus lanceolatus"],["20196","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Garrulus lidthi","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.376","Lidth's Jay","Lidth's Jay","Amami Jay",null,null,"northern Ryukyu Islands (Amami Ōshima and nearby islets, southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705771","lidjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lidjay1","avibase-81DD5700",null,null,"Asia orientali [= Amami Oshima].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/586/mode/1up","Garrulus lidthi"],["20197","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Zavattariornis","Moltoni, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Zavattariornis stresemanni [Moltoni, 1938]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0080-0083.pdf","Zavattariornis"],["20198","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Zavattariornis stresemanni","Moltoni, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.80","Ethiopian Bushcrow","Ethiopian Bushcrow","Ethiopian Bushcrow",null,null,"foothill open savanna with acacia thornscrub in southern Ethiopia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705877","stbcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbcro1","avibase-D083CE58",null,null,"Javello, region of Borana, southern Abyssinia.","Zavattariornis stresemanni novum genus et nova species Corvidarum.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0080-0083.pdf","Zavattariornis stresemanni"],["20199","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus pica [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Corvus pica Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/72/mode/1up","Pica"],["20200","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica mauritanica","Malherbe, 1845","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle 3ème cahier p.52-54","Maghreb Magpie","Maghreb Magpie","Maghreb Magpie",null,null,"lowland to submontane open country, open woodland, and pastures, from northern Western Sahara and Morocco eastward to northern Algeria and Tunisia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727118","eurmag3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurmag3","avibase-3FA7E460",null,null,"Oran and Bone, Algeria.","Catalogue raisonné d'Oiseaux de l'Algérie, comprenant la description de plusieurs espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105380#page/66/mode/1up","Pica Mauritanica"],["20201","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica serica","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.143 p.2","Oriental Magpie","Oriental Magpie",null,"2025-1095","Taxa <em>serica </em>(polytypic, including <em>anderssoni</em>) and <em>bottanensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Pica pica</em> based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kryukov et al. 2017; Song et al. 2018), supported by differences in plumage and/or vocalizations. A more comprehensive genetic review incorporating genomic data, and investigation of possible contact zones, would be informative.","southeastern Russia, northeastern China, and Korea southward through eastern China, Taiwan, and Hainan to northern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam; introduced Japan (southern Hokkaido and northern Kyushu)",null,null,null,"orimag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orimag1","avibase-7D3B961F",null,null,"Amoy.","On three new Species of Birds from China ; and on a small Mammal and new Grallatorial Bird from Western Australia'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/216/mode/1up","Pica serica"],["20202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica serica serica","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.143 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar eastward to eastern China and Taiwan, and southward to northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB1CA497",null,null,"Amoy.","On three new Species of Birds from China ; and on a small Mammal and new Grallatorial Bird from Western Australia'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/216/mode/1up","Pica serica"],["20203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica serica anderssoni","Lönnberg, 1923","Fauna och Flora 18 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Russia, far northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45821C7A",null,null,"Huai Lai Hsien, Hain Pao-an, Hopeh.","Nagra ord om fagelfauna i norra Kina [Notes on the birds of northern China].","http://runeberg.org/faunaflora/1923/0270.html","Pica pica anderssoni"],["20204","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica bottanensis","Delessert, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.100","Black-rumped Magpie","Black-rumped Magpie",null,"2025-1095","Taxa <em>serica </em>(polytypic, including <em>anderssoni</em>) and <em>bottanensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Pica pica</em> based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kryukov et al. 2017; Song et al. 2018), supported by differences in plumage and/or vocalizations. A more comprehensive genetic review incorporating genomic data, and investigation of possible contact zones, would be informative.","eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet and western China (Qinghai and Xinjiang)",null,null,null,"eurmag6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurmag6","avibase-44F22552",null,null,"Bhutan.","Oiseaux nouveaux provenant du Bottan ou Boutan, au nord du Bengale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/110/mode/1up","Pica Bottanensis"],["20205","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica asirensis","Bates, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.19","Asir Magpie","Asir Magpie","Asir Magpie",null,null,"Asir Mountains (southwestern Arabia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727136","eurmag5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurmag5","avibase-381534F5",null,null,"Sahara, Asir Mts., southwestern Arabia.","On interesting Birds recently sent to the British Museum from Arabia by Mr. H. St. J. B. Philby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/57/mode/1up","Pica pica asirensis"],["20206","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica pica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106","Eurasian Magpie","Eurasian Magpie",null,"2025-1095","Taxa <em>serica </em>(polytypic, including <em>anderssoni</em>) and <em>bottanensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Pica pica</em> based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Kryukov et al. 2017; Song et al. 2018), supported by differences in plumage and/or vocalizations. A more comprehensive genetic review incorporating genomic data, and investigation of possible contact zones, would be informative.","lowland to montane open country, wooded grassland, farmland, parks, and gardens, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to southeastern Siberia and Kamchatka, and southward to Mediterranean Europe, Middle East, and western and northeastern China",null,null,null,"eurmag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurmag1","avibase-FBBBA943",null,null,"Europa, restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 19; and further restricted to Uppsala by Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 79.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus pica"],["20207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica pica fennorum","Lönnberg, 1927","Fauna och Flora 22 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Scandinavia and western Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B1D461D",null,null,"Viborg district, southeastern Finland.","Till kännedomen om skatans (Pica pica L.) variation.",null,"Pica pica fennorum"],["20208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica pica pica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe from the British Isles, France, and southern Scandinavia to eastern Europe and Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76A7ADDF",null,null,"Europa, restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 19; and further restricted to Uppsala by Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 79.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus pica"],["20209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica pica melanotos","Brehm, 1857","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56768A51",null,null,"Spain.",null,"https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/472","Pica caudata melanotos"],["20210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica pica bactriana","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Siberia (east to Lake Baikal) and central Asia, southward to the Caucasus region and eastward to Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C939E72",null,null,"Persia orientali, but error as based on Pica caudata Blyth, Spec. E., from Kandahar, Afghanistan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/597/mode/1up","Pica bactriana"],["20211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica pica leucoptera","Gould, 1862","The birds of Asia pl.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Transbaikalia to eastern Mongolia and Altai Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C660FE6",null,null,"eastern Siberia, restricted to southeastern Transbaicalia by Stegmann, 1928, op. cit., p. 374.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121124#page/229/mode/1up","Pica leucoptera"],["20212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica pica camtschatica","Stejneger, 1884","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern shores of Sea of Okhotsk to Kamchatka Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01F04090",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/169/mode/1up","Pica camtschatica"],["20213","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica hudsonia","(Sabine, 1823)","Narrative of a journey to the shores of the Polar Sea, in the years 1819, 20, 21, and 22 p.671","Black-billed Magpie","Black-billed Magpie","Black-billed Magpie",null,null,"Alaska and Yukon to western Canada and western USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727176","bkbmag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbmag1","avibase-640D71AA",null,null,"Cumberland House, Hudson Bay [= Saskatchewan].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100449#page/761/mode/1up","Corvus hudsonius"],["20214","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Pica nuttallii","(Audubon, 1837)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.73 pl.362, fig.1","Yellow-billed Magpie","Yellow-billed Magpie","Yellow-billed Magpie","2025-N052","The original spelling (<em>nutallii</em>) has almost no modern usage. Various other subsequent spellings have replaced it in the literature, and among these, <em>nuttalli</em> (with a double t and double l, but with a single i) is by far the most widely used one and enjoys prevailing usage. We here adopt a modification of this spelling, namely <em>nuttallii </em>(with a double i), as the double i rendition of the original spelling must not be changed according to Article 33.4.","interior, coastal valleys, and foothills of central California",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705874","yebmag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebmag","avibase-538A9CA7",null,null,"Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County, California.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/373/","Corvus nutallii"],["20215","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Ptilostomus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilostomus senegalensis [Swainson]; type by monotypy = Corvus afer Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/290/mode/1up","Ptilostomus"],["20216","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Ptilostomus afer","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.157","Piapiac","Piapiac","Piapiac",null,null,"lowland to foothill lightly-wooded savanna, grazed grassland, and pastures near villages, from southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, and southward to Uganda, far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far western Ethiopia; post-breeding dispersal southward and eastward to northern Tanzania and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705925","piapia1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piapia1","avibase-4C35510F",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/161/mode/1up","Corvus afer"],["20217","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Podoces","Fischer von Waldheim, 1821","Lettre adressée au nom de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou à l'un de ses membres M. le docteur Chrétien-Henri Pander (...) contenant une notice sur un nouveau genre d'oiseau et sur plusieurs nouveaux insectes p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podoces panderi [J.G. Fischer, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Podoces"],["20218","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Podoces hendersoni","Hume, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.408","Mongolian Ground Jay","Mongolian Ground-Jay","Mongolian Ground-jay",null,null,"desert of central Asia (Kazakhstan to Outer and Inner Mongolia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705883","mogjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mogjay1","avibase-AF49B4CF",null,null,"no locality [= 'desert after leaving Sanju en route to Koshtak, and also near Oi-Tograk' (= Sinkiang on the way to Yarkand); see Henderson and Hume, 1873, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 244].","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/450/mode/1up","Podoces Hendersoni"],["20219","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Podoces biddulphi","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 p.503","Xinjiang Ground Jay","Xinjiang Ground-Jay","Xinjiang Ground-jay",null,null,"desert of northwestern China (western Xinjiang)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705888","xigjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/xigjay1","avibase-D0BB7612",null,null,"Maralbashi, Sinkiang.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/527/mode/1up","Podoces Biddulphi"],["20220","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Podoces pleskei","Zarudny, 1896","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 1 p.XII","Iranian Ground Jay","Iranian Ground-Jay","Iranian Ground-jay",null,null,"desert steppes of central and eastern Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705898","irgjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/irgjay1","avibase-6F3A7C95",null,null,"'Alkor', eastern Iran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36003#page/92/mode/1up","Podoces pleskei"],["20221","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Podoces panderi","Fischer von Waldheim, 1821","Lettre adressée au nom de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou à l'un de ses membres M. le docteur Chrétien-Henri Pander (...) contenant une notice sur un nouveau genre d'oiseau et sur plusieurs nouveaux insectes p.6","Turkestan Ground Jay","Turkestan Ground-Jay","Turkestan Ground-jay",null,null,"northern and central Uzbekistan, southern Kazakhstan, and northern and central Turkmenistan; also isolated population in eastern Kazakhstan (south of Lake Balkhash)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705893","tugjay1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tugjay1","avibase-3137BF2B",null,null,"Kyzyl Kum.",null,null,"Podoces Panderi"],["20222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Podoces panderi panderi","Fischer von Waldheim, 1821","Lettre adressée au nom de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou à l'un de ses membres M. le docteur Chrétien-Henri Pander (...) contenant une notice sur un nouveau genre d'oiseau et sur plusieurs nouveaux insectes p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4E16BB4",null,null,"Kyzyl Kum.",null,null,"Podoces Panderi"],["20223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Podoces panderi ilensis","Menzbier & Schnitnikov, 1915","Materialy k Poznaniiu Fauny i Flory Rossiyskaya Imperiya, Otdel Zool. Vip. 14 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7EB16FD",null,null,"Semirechia, between the lower Hi River and the Kara Tau.","Iliiskaya saxaulnaya soika. Materiali k Poznaniyu Fauni i Flori Rossiiskoi imperii.",null,"Podoces panderi ilensis"],["20224","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus caryocatactes [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Corvus caryocatactes Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/72/mode/1up","Nucifraga"],["20225","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga columbiana","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.xv,29 pl.20 fig.2","Clark's Nutcracker","Clark's Nutcracker","Clark's Nutcracker",null,null,"Rocky Mountains (southwestern Canada to northern Baja California); casual to northwestern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705909","clanut","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clanut","avibase-D1FC2D6B",null,null,"shores of the Columbia ; restricted by Davis and Stevenson (1934, Condor, 36, p. 162) to the Clearwater River, about two miles north of Kamish, Idaho.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/37/mode/1up","Corvus columbianus"],["20226","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga caryocatactes","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106","Northern Nutcracker","Northern Nutcracker","Northern Nutcracker","2025-1079","Three Eurasian species are recognized in the genus <em>Nucifraga </em>based on differences in plumage and genetics (McCullough et al. 2022; de Raad et al. 2022) combined with vocalizations (Boesman 2016ddd): <em>N. caryocatactes; N. hemispila; </em>and <em>N. multipunctata</em>.","lowland to montane coniferous forest, taiga, and alpine meadow to tree-line, from southern Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia, and southward to European Alps, Caucasus, Korean Peninsula, and Japan; irruptive dispersal during irregular cone-crop failures",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727252","eurnut3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurnut3","avibase-D9B001DF",null,null,"'Europa;' restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 25).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus Caryocatactes"],["20227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga caryocatactes caryocatactes","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia to northern and eastern Europe; winters to southern Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BD42FBD",null,null,"'Europa;' restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 25).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus Caryocatactes"],["20228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos","Brehm, 1823","Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Europäischen Vögel 1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern Asia; irruptions to northern Iran, Korean Peninsula, and northern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69C955F0",null,null,"Orla Valley, Thuringia, on migration.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=0sA_Sc_o6I0C&pg=PA103&q=Nucifraga%20caryocatactes%20macrorhynchos#v=onepage&f=false","Nucifraga macrorhynchos"],["20229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga caryocatactes rothschildi","Hartert, 1903","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Tian Shan from southeastern Kazakhstan (Dzhungarskiy Alatau) southward to central Kyrgyzstan (Talasskiy Alatau) and far northwestern China (northwestern Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BA68BA9",null,null,"south of the Issyk Kul, Russian Turkestan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/89/mode/1up","Nucifraga caryocatactes rothschildi"],["20230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga caryocatactes japonica","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.134-135",null,null,null,null,null,"montane central and southern Kuril Islands, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6845989",null,null,"Shimotsuke, Hondo (=Honshu), Japan.","Notes on palaearctic birds and allied forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/150/mode/1up","Nucifraga caryocatactes japonicus"],["20231","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga multipunctata","Gould, 1849","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17 p.23","Kashmir Nutcracker","Kashmir Nutcracker","Large-spotted Nutcracker","2025-1079","Three Eurasian species are recognized in the genus <em>Nucifraga </em>based on differences in plumage and genetics (McCullough et al. 2022; de Raad et al. 2022) combined with vocalizations (Boesman 2016ddd): <em>N. caryocatactes; N. hemispila; </em>and <em>N. multipunctata</em>.","eastern Afghanistan (northeastern Paktia and Nuristan), northern and western Pakistan (Fort Sandeman northward along Suleiman Range, Chitral, Gilgit, and Baltistan), Kashmir (Sind Valley, Kishtwar, and Badrawar), northwestern India (eastward to Lahul, in Himachal Pradesh), and possibly adjacent far southwestern Tibet (western China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727455","sponut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sponut1","avibase-8D0D1D1C",null,null,"India [= northwestern Himalayas]; restricted to Kashmir north of the Pir Panjal Range by Vaurie (1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1668, p. 13).","Description of a new species of Nutcracker.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/43/mode/1up","Nucifraga multipunctata"],["20232","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga hemispila","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.8","Southern Nutcracker","Southern Nutcracker","Southern Nutcracker","2025-1079","Three Eurasian species are recognized in the genus <em>Nucifraga </em>based on differences in plumage and genetics (McCullough et al. 2022; de Raad et al. 2022) combined with vocalizations (Boesman 2016ddd): <em>N. caryocatactes; N. hemispila; </em>and <em>N. multipunctata</em>.","disjunctly in montane rhododendron and coniferous forest, and alpine meadow to tree-line, from Himachal Pradesh (northwestern India) eastward to northeastern China, and southward to northern Myanmar and south-central China, and on Taiwan; irregular irruptive dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727443","eurnut4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurnut4","avibase-2AF8ECCE",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/22/mode/1up","Nucifraga hemispila"],["20233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga hemispila owstoni","Ingram, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EF828C7",null,null,"Mt. Arizan, Formosa.","On two new species of Nutcracker from Formosa and from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/358/mode/1up","Nucifraga owstoni"],["20234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga hemispila interdicta","Kleinschmidt & Weigold, 1922","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 18, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern China (Liaoning)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D309822",null,null,"Eastern Tombs near Peking, Hopeh.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/302/mode/1up","Nucifraga hemispila interdictus"],["20235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga hemispila hemispila","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from western Himachal Pradesh (Chambal) eastward, south of the Pir Panjal, to Nepal and northern India (Darjeeling)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BB224ED",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/22/mode/1up","Nucifraga hemispila"],["20236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Nucifraga hemispila macella","Thayer & Bangs, 1909","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 52, no.8 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas eastward to central and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B06EE9C",null,null,"Hsienshanhsien, western Hupeh.","Descriptions of new birds from central China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25494#page/228/mode/1up","Nucifraga hemispila macella"],["20237","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Coloeus","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) 1 p.114",null,null,null,"2025-1082","The two jackdaw species <em>monedula </em>and <em>dauuricus </em>are placed in the genus <em>Coloeus </em>based on genetics, supported by their distinctive vocalizations. Mitochondrial, multilocus, and genomic DNA datasets (Haring et al. 2012; Jønsson et al. 2012; Weissensteiner et al. 2020; McCullough et al. 2022) all recover <em>monedula </em>and <em>dauuricus </em>as sister species and basal to the radiation encompassing all <em>Corvus</em> crows.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus Monedula [Linnaeus]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 64)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/142/mode/1up","Coloeus"],["20238","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Coloeus dauuricus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694","Daurian Jackdaw","Daurian Jackdaw","Daurian Jackdaw",null,null,"southern Siberia to Mongolia, northern China, and southeastern Tibet; winters to southern China and western Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705935","daujac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daujac1","avibase-9F784AB1",null,null,"in regiones circa Baiikalem",null,null,"Corvus dauuricus"],["20239","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Coloeus monedula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106","Western Jackdaw","Eurasian Jackdaw","Eurasian Jackdaw",null,null,"lowland to submontane open habitat, wooded steppe, farmland, coastal cliffs, and parks, from British Isles and southern Scandinavia eastward to western Mongolia, and southward to northwestern Africa, northern Israel, Kashmir, and northwestern China; some northern populations migrate to Europe, Middle East, and northern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705929","eurjac","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurjac","avibase-D4C32F8E",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 15).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus Monedula"],["20240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Coloeus monedula monedula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia; occasionally winters to England and France",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7591992D",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 15).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/124/mode/1up","Corvus Monedula"],["20241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Coloeus monedula spermologus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Europe, including the British Isles, and Morocco and northwestern Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-644D8640",null,null,"'southern France;' restricted to Tours by Mayaud (1941, Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 10, p. 78-80).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/52/mode/1up","Corvus spermologus"],["20242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Coloeus monedula soemmerringii","(Fischer von Waldheim, 1811)","Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 3 p.3, pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Europe, northern and central Asia; winters to Iran and northwestern India (Kashmir)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAA152A9",null,null,"Moscow.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/93/mode/1up","Corvus Soemmerringii"],["20243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Coloeus monedula cirtensis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Algeria; formerly also northwestern Tunisia, where now extirpated",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01260AD4",null,null,"Constantino, northeastern Algeria.","Ornithological explorations in Algeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/495/mode/1up","Coloeus monedula cirtensis"],["20244","genus","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus corax [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus"],["20245","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus nasicus","Temminck, 1826","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.70, vol.2 pl.413","Cuban Crow","Cuban Crow","Cuban Crow",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, and southern Bahamas (Caicos Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706010","cubcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubcro1","avibase-4B69D1CC",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/205/mode/1up","Corvus nasicus"],["20246","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus jamaicensis","Gmelin, 1788","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.367","Jamaican Crow","Jamaican Crow","Jamaican Crow",null,null,"locally in Jamaica (mainly in uplands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706007","jamcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamcro1","avibase-58AEF90C",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/379/mode/1up","Corvus jamaicensis"],["20247","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus leucognaphalus","Daudin, 1800","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.231","White-necked Crow","White-necked Crow","White-necked Crow",null,null,"Hispaniola; casual on Gonâve and Saona",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706013","whncro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whncro1","avibase-CC4B3F51",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/249/mode/1up","Corvus leucognaphalus"],["20248","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus palmarum","Württemberg, 1835","Erste Reise nach dem nördlichen Amerika in den Jahren 1822 bis 1824 p.68,note","Hispaniolan Palm Crow","Hispaniolan Palm-Crow",null,"2025-0923","Taxon <em>minutus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Corvus palmarum</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Garrido et al. 1997; Boesman 2016f) and behavior (Wetmore &amp; Swales 1931; Holyoak 1983), supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2012). Formal bioacoustic analyses, playback experiments, and quantification of reported differences in egg color are desirable.","Hispaniola",null,null,null,"palcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palcro1","avibase-98CFF755",null,null,"vicinity of Cibao Mountains, Dominican Republic.",null,null,"Corvus palmarum"],["20249","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus minutus","Gundlach, 1852","Boston Journal of Natural History 6 p.315","Cuban Palm Crow","Cuban Palm-Crow",null,"2025-0923","Taxon <em>minutus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Corvus palmarum</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Garrido et al. 1997; Boesman 2016f) and behavior (Wetmore &amp; Swales 1931; Holyoak 1983), supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2012). Formal bioacoustic analyses, playback experiments, and quantification of reported differences in egg color are desirable.","western Cuba",null,null,null,"cupcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cupcro1","avibase-E791045B",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100874#page/328/mode/1up","Corvus minutus"],["20250","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus ossifragus","Wilson, 1812","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 5 p.27 pl.37 fig.2","Fish Crow","Fish Crow","Fish Crow",null,null,"eastern USA (New England to eastern Texas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705993","fiscro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fiscro","avibase-43E56D2C",null,null,"Great Egg-Harbor [= Beasley's Point, New Jersey].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175520#page/33/mode/1up","Corvus ossifragus"],["20251","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus imparatus","Peters, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.123","Tamaulipas Crow","Tamaulipas Crow","Tamaulipas Crow",null,null,"southern Texas (lower Río Grande Valley) to southeastern Mexico (northern Veracruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705996","tamcro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tamcro","avibase-AFDBC76B",null,null,"Río La Cruz, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","The identity of Corvus mexicanus Gmelin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/143/mode/1up","Corvus imparatus"],["20252","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus sinaloae","Davis, 1958","Wilson Bulletin 70, no.2 p.163-166","Sinaloa Crow","Sinaloa Crow","Sinaloa Crow",null,null,"coastal lowlands of western Mexico (southern Sonora to western Nayarit)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705999","sincro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sincro1","avibase-A1C7E620",null,null,"Escuinapa, Sinaloa, Mexico.","Acoustic evidence of relationships in North American crows.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol70/iss2/5/","Corvus sinaloae"],["20253","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus capensis","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.20","Cape Crow","Cape Crow","Cape Crow",null,null,"open country over wide altitudinal range, disjunctly in northeastern Africa from Eritrea through northern Tanzania, and from Angola and Zimbabwe through South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705978","capcro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capcro2","avibase-562E17AB",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/40/mode/1up","Corvus capensis"],["20254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus capensis kordofanensis","Laubmann, 1919","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 14 Heft1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and eastern South Sudan southward through northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-953082BD",null,null,"Süd-Kordofan [=South Kordofan, South Sudan]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103534#page/133/mode/1up","Corvus capensis kordofanensis"],["20255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus capensis capensis","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola eastward to eastern Zimbabwe and southward through southernmost South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDD21195",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/40/mode/1up","Corvus capensis"],["20256","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus hawaiiensis","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.106","Hawaiian Crow","Hawaiian Crow","Hawaiian Crow",null,null,"montane forest of Hawaii; extinct in the wild but reintroduced to Maui in 2024","Extinct in the Wild","EW","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706052","hawcro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawcro","avibase-2CDECD36",null,null,"a few miles inland from the village of Kaawaloa, Hawaii.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/126/mode/1up","Corvus hawaiiensis"],["20257","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus frugilegus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105","Rook","Rook","Rook",null,null,"lowland to foothill flat open country, farmland, grassland, city parks, and villages, from British Isles and southern Scandinavia eastward to central Siberia, and southward to France, Türkiye, northern Afghanistan, and central China; northern and eastern populations migrate in winter to central Europe eastward to Korean Peninsula, Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), and southeastern China; introduced in New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705983","rook1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rook1","avibase-1078FFEA",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 13).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus frugilegus"],["20258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus frugilegus frugilegus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"western Eurasia eastward at least to Xinjiang and Kyrgyzstan; winters to North Africa and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-119B5A12",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 13).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus frugilegus"],["20259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus frugilegus pastinator","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.143 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Asia from central Siberia and northern Mongolia eastward; winters to Korean Peninsula, Japan (Honshu to Kyushu), and southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-589285C4",null,null,"Chusan, China.","On three new Species of Birds from China ; and on a small Mammal and new Grallatorial Bird from Western Australia'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/215/mode/1up","Corvus pastinator"],["20260","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus albicollis","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.151","White-necked Raven","White-necked Raven","White-necked Raven",null,null,"lowland to montane grassland, gorges, and open hill woodland, from Uganda and Kenya southward through eastern Zambia, western Mozambique, and Zimbabwe to eastern and southern South Africa; post-breeding nomadic vagrants have reached southwestern Sudan and Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706077","whnrav1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnrav1","avibase-EA326EA2",null,null,"'Africa?'; restricted to Capetown by Meinertzhagen (1926, Novit. Zool., 33, p. 96).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/173/mode/1up","Corvus albicollis"],["20261","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus crassirostris","Rüppell, 1836","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.19 pl.8","Thick-billed Raven","Thick-billed Raven","Thick-billed Raven",null,null,"foothill to montane open and wooded highlands, escarpments and sheer cliffs, cultivation, towns, and cities, in Eritrea and Ethiopia highlands; some post-breeding nomads have reached South Sudan and northwestern Somali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706081","thbrav1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbrav1","avibase-4C6B515D",null,null,"Abyssinian highlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/99/mode/1up","Corvus crassirostris"],["20262","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus ruficollis","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.329","Brown-necked Raven","Brown-necked Raven","Brown-necked Raven",null,null,"lowland to submontane desert plains, semi-desert, dry savanna, rubbish dumps, and dry cultivation, throughout northern Africa southward to Mauritania, northern Nigeria, and Eritrea, and eastward through Arabia to southern Kazakhstan and western Pakistan, and on Cabo Verde and Socotra (off Somalia); some seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706064","brnrav1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnrav1","avibase-F2024545",null,null,"no locality : type locality accepted as Cape Verde Archipelago, as fixed by Hartert (1921, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 3, p. 2020).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/367/mode/1up","Corvus ruficollis"],["20263","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus albus","Müller, 1776","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.85","Pied Crow","Pied Crow","Pied Crow",null,null,"lowland to montane open country, including grasslands, open woodlands, savanna, rubbish dumps, villages, and towns, throughout sub-Saharan Africa, from Western Sahara and Sudan southward to South Africa, and on Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar), Mafia (off Tanzania), Comoro Islands, Aldabra, Glorieuses Islands, and Madagascar; some seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735894","piecro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piecro1","avibase-34D538E1",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/105/mode/1up","Corvus albus"],["20264","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus edithae","Lort Phillips, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.36","Somali Crow","Somali Crow","Somali Crow",null,null,"lowland to submontane open country, including desert, brushy semi-desert, dry savanna, inshore islets, and villages, from eastern Eritrea, Djibouti, and northern Somalia southward to far southeastern South Sudan, northern Kenya, and southern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732286","somcro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somcro2","avibase-9DBAAB1D",null,null,"Somaliland [Hainwaina Plain].","Exhibition of new species of Merula and Corvus from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/262/mode/1up","Corvus edithae"],["20265","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus cryptoleucus","Couch, 1854","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.2 p.66","Chihuahuan Raven","Chihuahuan Raven","Chihuahuan Raven",null,null,"arid southwestern USA to central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706055","chirav","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chirav","avibase-F3B84E07",null,null,"State of Tamaulipas, Mexico [= Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/88/mode/1up","Corvus cryptoleucus"],["20266","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus rhipidurus","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.21","Fan-tailed Raven","Fan-tailed Raven","Fan-tailed Raven",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane desert, arid cliffs and canyons, oases, and villages, from eastern Mali eastward through African Sahel to northern Somalia, and southward to northern Central African Republic, northern Uganda, and central Kenya, and in Middle East from Levant and Sinai (Egypt) southward to southwestern Arabia; some seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706073","fatrav1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatrav1","avibase-32C216E2",null,null,"Massaua, Eritrea; preoccupied by C. affinis Shaw, 1809.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/159/mode/1up","Corvus rhipidurus"],["20267","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus rhipidurus stanleyi","Roselaar, 1993","Dutch Birding 15 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Sinai Peninsula, Israel, and Jordan southward through Saudi Arabia to Yemen and Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58BBD727",null,null,"north-western shore of Dead Sea, 12 Novemher 1944","New subspecies of Fan-tailed Raven and Greenfinch.","https://www.dutchbirding.nl/journal/pdf/DB_1993_15_6.pdf#page=24","Corvus rhipidurus stanleyi"],["20268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus rhipidurus rhipidurus","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali and Niger eastward to Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5B03056",null,null,"Massaua, Eritrea; preoccupied by C. affinis Shaw, 1809.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/159/mode/1up","Corvus rhipidurus"],["20269","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105","Northern Raven","Common Raven","Common Raven",null,null,"Holarctic, from Arctic Circle southward in mountains of Old World to northern Africa, Middle East, northern Indian Subcontinent, and the Kurile Islands; in the New World southward in mountains to northwestern Nicaragua and northern Georgia (southeastern USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706068","comrav","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comrav","avibase-B9B272F4",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 2).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus Corax"],["20270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax principalis","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"islands in Bering Sea, Alaska, Canada, and northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FA7A0EB",null,null,"Northern North America, from Greenland to Alaska, south to British Columbia, Canada, New Brunswick, etc. [= St. Michael, Alaska].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/383/mode/1up","Corvus corax principalis"],["20271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax sinuatus","Wagler, 1829","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.748",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada through west-central USA southward to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A05746F",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Orizaba, Veracruz, by Oberholser (1918, Ohio Journ. Sei., 18, p. 220), and to Ixmiquilpan [= Yxmiquilpah], Hidalgo, bv van Rossem (1934, Trans. San i)iego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 353).","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/384/mode/1up","Corvus sinuatus"],["20272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax clarionensis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF2A75E7",null,null,"Clarion Island [Revilla Gigedo Islands, Mexico].","Futher notes on the fauna of the Galápagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/429/mode/1up","Corvus corax clarionensis"],["20273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax varius","Brünnich, 1764","Ornithologia borealis, sistens collectionem avium ex omnibus, Imperio Danico subjectis (etc.) p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Iceland and Faroe Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-598EE6AB",null,null,"Faroes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265835#page/20/mode/1up","Corvus Varius"],["20274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax corax","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Europe eastward to central Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-667CD354",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 2).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus Corax"],["20275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax hispanus","Hartert & Kleinschmidt, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and Mediterranean islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1544663B",null,null,"Aguilas near Murcia, Spain.","Verzeichniss der Brehm'schen Sammlung. I. Die Formen von Corvus corax L..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/59/mode/1up","Corvus corax hispanus"],["20276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax laurencei","Hume, 1873","Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe and Türkiye to Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49C773AB",null,null,"Panjab [=Punjab, India]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181337#page/337/mode/1up","Corvus Laurencei"],["20277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax tingitanus","Irby, 1874","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.15 p.264-266",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A6569FC",null,null,"Tangier.","Notice of an apparently undescribed Species of Corvus from Tangier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/304/mode/1up","Corvus tingitanus"],["20278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax canariensis","Hartert & Kleinschmidt, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6084A715",null,null,"Palma, western Canaries.","Verzeichniss der Brehm'schen Sammlung. I. Die Formen von Corvus corax L..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/59/mode/1up","Corvus corax canariensis"],["20279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax tibetanus","Hodgson, 1849","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.3, no.15 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Asia and the Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6AADC96",null,null,"Tibet.","XX. Brief Notice of several Mammalia and Birds discovered by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., in Upper India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54554#page/217/mode/1up","Corvus Tibetanus"],["20280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corax kamtschaticus","Dybowski, 1883","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 8ème vol. p.362-363",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberia to Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and northern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2F55DCB",null,null,"Kamchatka.","Remarques sur les oiseaux du Kamtschatka et les Iles Comandores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41934#page/384/mode/1up","Corvus corax kamtschaticus"],["20281","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus brachyrhynchos","Brehm, 1822","Beiträge zur Vögelkunde in vollständigen Beschreibungen mehrerer neu Entdeckter und vieler seltener, oder nicht gehörig beobachteter deutscher Vögel 2 p.56","American Crow","American Crow",null,"2025-1081","Taxon <em>caurinus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Corvus brachyrhynchos</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Slager et al. 2020), supported by insights from mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and vocalizations. The presence of a broad genomic cline between these taxa is consistent with intergradation across a broad area with little or no evidence of assortative mating or selection against hybrids, but see Butler (2020) who suggest that areas of hybridization may be geographically restricted.","varied habitats from forest and woodland to open fields and cities from southern coastal Alaska, and southern Northwest Territories eastward to southern Labrador (northwestern to northeastern Canada) southward to far northern Baja California, southern Texas, and southern Florida; introduced Bermuda",null,null,null,"amecro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amecro","avibase-69544B59",null,null,"North America; restricted by Howell (1913, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 200) to vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103404#page/76/mode/1up","Corvus brachyrhynchos"],["20282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus brachyrhynchos caurinus","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.559,569",null,null,null,null,null,"Kodiak Island and coastal southern Alaska to southwestern Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F784967",null,null,"Washington Territory and northwestern coast [= Fort Steilacoom, Washington].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/623/mode/1up","Corvus caurinus"],["20283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada through western USA to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-864F7DD0",null,null,"Western United States, north to Washington Territory (Puget Sound), Idaho, Montana, etc., south to northern Mexico, east to Rocky Mountains [= Fort Klamath, Oregon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/384/mode/1up","Corvus americanus hesperis"],["20284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus brachyrhynchos hargravei","Phillips, 1942","The Auk 59, no.4 p.574",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7789B41",null,null,"Burnt Corral Wash, 2 miles above Burnt Corral Ranch, Forth Apache Indian Reservation, southwestern Apache County, Arizona.","A new Crow from Arizona.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol59/iss4/16/","Corvus brachyrhynchos hargravei"],["20285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos","Brehm, 1822","Beiträge zur Vögelkunde in vollständigen Beschreibungen mehrerer neu Entdeckter und vieler seltener, oder nicht gehörig beobachteter deutscher Vögel 2 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Canada to east-central USA; winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C99E6A4",null,null,"North America; restricted by Howell (1913, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 200) to vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103404#page/76/mode/1up","Corvus brachyrhynchos"],["20286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus brachyrhynchos pascuus","Coues, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BAB0F7F",null,null,"preoccupied extreme southern portion of Florida, not far from Fort Dallas [= Miami].","The Finishing Stroke to Bartram","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/32/","Corvus americanus pascuus"],["20287","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus torquatus","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.328","Collared Crow","Collared Crow","Collared Crow","2025-N071","<em>Corvus torquatus</em> Lesson, 1831 is the correct name for the Collared Crow. The usage of <em>Corvus pectoralis</em> for this species is based on the interpretation that <em>Corvus torquatus</em> Lesson, 1831 is a junior synonym of \"<em>Corvus Monedula torquata</em>\" Bechstein, 1791. However, Bechstein (1791) used the word \"<em>torquata</em>\" for an aberration, not for a taxonomic unit, as explicitly mentioned in his text and as shown in his capitalization practice for taxonomic units only. His introduction of \"<em>torquata</em>\" is not a legitimate nomenclatural taxon description, rendering <em>Corvus torquatus</em> Lesson, 1831 the senior name for the Collared Crow.","central and eastern China to northern Vietnam; Hainan and Taiwan",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706049","colcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colcro1","avibase-BD63FF46",null,null,"'Nouvelle Hollande,' error for China according to Schlegel.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/366/mode/1up","Corvus torquatus"],["20288","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corone","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105","Carrion Crow",null,"Carrion Crow","2025-1080","Taxon <em>cornix </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Corvus corone</em> based on available evidence. This complex is variably split into two species along distinct plumage lines: all-black <em>C. corone</em> (polytypic, including <em>orientalis</em>) and partly gray <em>C. cornix</em>, that form a leapfrog distributional pattern and hybridize across multiple contact zones. There is evidence of extensive mitochondrial DNA introgression within this complex, including from adjacent <em>C. torquatus</em> (Haring et al. 2012; Kryukov 2019), and discordance between patterns of genomic divergence and plumage coloration (Poelstra et al. 2014; Vijay et al. 2016). Furthermore, analysis of phenotype-genotype interactions across hybrid zones reveals that different genes underlie expression of all-black coloration in the widely disjunct populations of <em>orientalis </em>and <em>corone </em>(Vijay et al. 2016). These findings indicate that more research is needed to establish the number and location (if any) of species boundaries in this complex.","disjunctly in lowland to montane open habitats, from coastal cliff to grassland to farmland and forest edge, from Britain and Europe southward to Italy, Nile Valley in Egypt, and Iran and eastward to Kamchatka, and southward to eastern Iran, central China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); northernmost populations migrate southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706016",null,null,"avibase-E4EE9AC4",null,null,"Europa; restricted to England by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 11).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus Corone"],["20289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corone corone","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Britain (except northern Scotland) southward to Iberian Peninsula, eastward to Denmark, western Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, northern Italy, and Switzerland; many central European birds disperse soutward and westward in winter, reaching Corsica, Sardinia, and southeastern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD45C1D7",null,null,"Europa; restricted to England by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 11).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus Corone"],["20290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corone cornix","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Europe to Yenisey Valley, Ukraine, Corsica, and southern Italy",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81B32602",null,null,"'Europa;' restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 9).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/123/mode/1up","Corvus Cornix"],["20291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corone sharpii","Oates, 1889","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.20,text",null,null,null,null,null,"mainland Italy to the Balkans, Türkiye, northern Iran, and Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-960E6662",null,null,"Siberia, Turkestan, Afghanistan, and a portion of India; the type is from Mardan in the Punjab, according to Ticehurst (1926, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 31, p. 93).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/44/mode/1up","Corvus sharpii"],["20292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corone pallescens","(Madarász, 1904)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 no.2 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Türkiye to Levant, northern Iraq, and Egypt",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA607DDB",null,null,"Cyprus.","Über eine warscheinlich neue Form der Nebelkrähe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/44/mode/1up","Corone pallescens"],["20293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corone capellanus","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.4 p.694 pl.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iraq and adjacent southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76ED0754",null,null,"Fao, southern Iraq.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/846/mode/1up","Corvus capellanus"],["20294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus corone orientalis","Eversmann, 1841","Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Zoographiam Rosso-Asiaticam 2 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Iran to northern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78D64F9E",null,null,"near the Narym River, upper Bukhtarma, western Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48330#page/53/mode/1up","Corvus orientalis"],["20295","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus florensis","Büttikofer, 1894","Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3 p.304","Flores Crow","Flores Crow","Flores Crow",null,null,"lowlands and low hills of western Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705956","flocro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flocro1","avibase-CE62EFDD",null,null,"Maumeri, Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184543#page/346/mode/1up","Corvus florensis"],["20296","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus splendens","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.44","House Crow","House Crow","House Crow",null,null,"lowland to foothill open habitats, predominately around human habitation, from city parks to coastal villages, from southeastern Iran eastward through India and southern Tibet to western Myanmar, and southward to Sri Lanka, and Lakshadweep and Maldive islands; short-distance dispersal comm; introduced and feral populations widespread, including east Africa, Middle East, Indian Ocean islands, southeastern Asia, and Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705938","houcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houcro1","avibase-39868903",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/56/mode/1up","Corvus splendens"],["20297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus splendens zugmayeri","Laubmann, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Iran to southern Kashmir and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B5D0338",null,null,"Las Belas, Baluchistan.","Über eine neue Rabenform aus Baluchistan. Corvus splendens zugmayeri subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/109/mode/1up","Corvus splendens zugmayeri"],["20298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus splendens splendens","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 8 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"India south of the Himalayas; ship-assisted immigrant to Western Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EE9E361",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60104#page/56/mode/1up","Corvus splendens"],["20299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus splendens protegatus","Madarász, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEBDF750",null,null,"Mount Lavinia, Ceylon.","Die Ceylon-Krähe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/211/mode/1up","Corvus protegatus"],["20300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus splendens maledivicus","Reichenow, 1904","Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \"Valdivia\" 1898-1899 7 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Lakshadweep and Maldive islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DD601D5",null,null,"Suvadiva Islands, southern Maldives.","Übersicht der auf der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29961#page/450/mode/1up","Corvus splendens maledivicus"],["20301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus splendens insolens","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.480,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southwestern Thailand and southwestern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C12F5F48",null,null,"Tenasserim.","A first List of the Birds of the Tenasserim Provinces.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/504/mode/1up","Corvus insolens"],["20302","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus kubaryi","Reichenow, 1885","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.169 p.110","Mariana Crow","Mariana Crow","Mariana Crow",null,null,"Rota (southern Northern Mariana Islands) and formerly Guam (where extirpated; southern Mariana Islands, western Micronesia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705959","marcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marcro1","avibase-1EF8429F",null,null,"Palau, error for Guam.","[Über eine von Kubary auf den Pelau-Inseln gesammelte Collection von Vogelbälgen].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/122/mode/1up","Corvus Kubaryi"],["20303","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus philippinus","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37, no.23 p.830, note","Philippine Jungle Crow","Philippine Jungle Crow",null,"2025-1070","Taxon <em>philippinus </em>is treated as a species separate from other members of the <em>Corvus macrorhynchos</em> complex based on mitochondrial DNA paraphyly (Jønsson et al. 2012), supported by vocalizations. Although taxa <em>levaillantii </em>and <em>culminatus </em>are sometimes split from <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> there is insufficient evidence to confirm this split. Future genomic analysis, supplemented by bioacoustic and morphological evidence, will be needed to determine species limits within the <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> species complex.","Philippines (including Palawan and Sulu groups)",null,null,null,"labcro15","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labcro15","avibase-AC7128AC",null,null,"Philippines.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Seconde communication : Passereaux cultrirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/840/mode/1up","Cornix philippinus"],["20304","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.313,  sp.3","Large-billed Crow","Large-billed Crow",null,"2025-1070","Taxon <em>philippinus </em>is treated as a species separate from other members of the <em>Corvus macrorhynchos</em> complex based on mitochondrial DNA paraphyly (Jønsson et al. 2012), supported by vocalizations. Although taxa <em>levaillantii </em>and <em>culminatus </em>are sometimes split from <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> there is insufficient evidence to confirm this split. Future genomic analysis, supplemented by bioacoustic and morphological evidence, will be needed to determine species limits within the <em>C. macrorhynchos</em> species complex.","lowland to montane woodland, coastal open scrub, alpine meadows above tree-line, agriculture, and urban landscape, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to eastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and to Amurland (Russia), Sakhalin, and Japan, and southward to Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Sumatra, southern Borneo, and Java eastward to Romang and Sermata (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"labcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labcro1","avibase-A9146F3B",null,null,"'Nova Hollandia, Nova Guinea et in insulis Sumatra et Java' [= Java].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/355/mode/1up","Corvus Macrorhynchos"],["20305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos japonensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and Japan (Hokkaido to Osumi Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16542FBB",null,null,"Japan; restricted to Hokkaido by Stresemann (1916, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 279).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/600/mode/1up","Corvus japonensis"],["20306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos connectens","Stresemann, 1916","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Amami to Okinawa and Miyako Islands (northern to south-central Ryukyu Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82FA781E",null,null,"Miyakoshima, southern Ryu Kyus.","Über die Formen der Gruppe Corvus coronoides Vig. & Horsf..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/343/mode/1up","Corvus coronoides connectens"],["20307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos osai","Ogawa, 1905","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 5, pt.4 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"Yaeyama Islands of southern Ryukyu Islands (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kohama, Kuru, and Aragusuku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B72F817",null,null,"Kobamashima, southern Ryu Kyus.","Notes on Mr. Alan Owston's collection of birds from the islands lying between Kinsin and Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/152505#page/218/mode/1up","Corvus macrorhynchus osai"],["20308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos mandshuricus","Buturlin, 1913","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 4, no.1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Russia, northern Sakhalin Island, Korean Peninsula, northeastern China, and Tsushima Island (southwestern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D28B562",null,null,"Samarga River, Ussuriland.","[Corvus macrorhynchus mandshuricus subsp. n.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104105#page/458/mode/1up","Corvus macrorhynchus mandshuricus"],["20309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos colonorum","Swinhoe, 1864","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.427-428",null,null,null,null,null,"northern to southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE991F54",null,null,"northeastern Formosa.","[Letter of R. Swinhoe from Tamsuy, Formosa, June 2nd, 1864].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/471/mode/1up","Corvus colonorum"],["20310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos tibetosinensis","Kleinschmidt & Weigold, 1922","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 15, no.3 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Tibet, eastern Himalayas to northern Myanmar, and Qinghai to northern Yunnan (central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7814290",null,null,"'southeastern Tibet in the Sifan region' [i. e. eastern Sikang].","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Osttibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobactungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds. 1te Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/263262#page/12/mode/1up","Corvus macrorhynchos tibetosinensis"],["20311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos intermedius","Adams, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.171,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan to northwestern India and central Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8733C1A",null,null,"Kashmir, Dagshai, and Simla: restricted to Kashmir by Stresemann (1916, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 282).","The Birds of Cashmere and Ladakh.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/235/mode/1up","Corvus intermedius"],["20312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos macrorhynchos","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.313,  sp.3",null,null,null,null,null,"the southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and the Lesser Sundas eastward to Romang and Sermata",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-679FD7C6",null,null,"'Nova Hollandia, Nova Guinea et in insulis Sumatra et Java' [= Java].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/355/mode/1up","Corvus Macrorhynchos"],["20313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos levaillantii","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (from West Bengal eastward) and eastern Nepal eastward through southeastern Asia and the Malayan Peninsula north of the Isthmus of Kra, and Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D229C9A2",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/366/mode/1up","Corvus Levaillantii"],["20314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus macrorhynchos culminatus","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7357197F",null,null,"Deccan [= Poona, Bombay, according to Whistler and Kinnear (1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 35, p. 512)].","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/300/mode/1up","Corvus culminatus"],["20315","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus typicus","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.828","Piping Crow","Piping Crow","Piping Crow",null,null,"montane central and southern Sulawesi, including islands to southeast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705950","pipcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pipcro1","avibase-927A64D1",null,null,"'Nouvelle Caledonie;' error for Butung Island (see Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 95).","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Seconde communication : Passereaux cultrirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/838/mode/1up","Gazzola typica"],["20316","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus unicolor","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.29","Banggai Crow","Banggai Crow","Banggai Crow",null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705953","bancro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bancro1","avibase-8D44B0A0",null,null,"Banggai Islands.","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Crow].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/187/mode/1up","Gazzola unicolor"],["20317","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus enca","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.164","Sunda Crow","Sunda Crow",null,"2025-1077","The Slender-billed Crow <em>Corvus enca</em> complex is divided into 5 species based on a combination of bioacoustic, morphological, and mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2012; Eaton et al. 2021): Sulawesi Crow (<em>C. celebensis</em>, polytypic, including <em>mangoli</em>); Sunda Crow (<em>C. enca</em>, polytypic including <em>compilator</em>); Palawan Crow (<em>C. pusillus</em>, monotypic); Samar Crow (<em>C. samarensis</em>, monotypic); Sierra Madre Crow (<em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, monotypic). Further research is needed to corroborate the division of <em>C. samarensis</em> and <em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, and to assess the depth of divergence of the two subspecies within <em>C. enca sensu stricto.</em>","lowland to foothill forest, secondary growth, plantations, and cultivation, from peninsula Malaysia, Sumatra and satellite islands, eastward to Borneo, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,"slbcro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcro2","avibase-67E4D5DD",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/183/mode/1up","Fregilus Enca"],["20318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus enca compilator","Richmond, 1903","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.518",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Riau Archipelago, Sumatra and associated islands, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-405B28B6",null,null,"'Bombay;' error for Malacca; preoccupied by Corvus tenuirostris C. L. Brehm, 1855, a synonym of Corvus comix Linnaeus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/578/mode/1up","Corvus compilator"],["20319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus enca enca","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, and Mentawai Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E54BF619",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/183/mode/1up","Fregilus Enca"],["20320","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus sierramadrensis","Rand & Rabor, 1961","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.577","Sierra Madre Crow","Sierra Madre Crow",null,"2025-1077","The Slender-billed Crow <em>Corvus enca</em> complex is divided into 5 species based on a combination of bioacoustic, morphological, and mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2012; Eaton et al. 2021): Sulawesi Crow (<em>C. celebensis</em>, polytypic, including <em>mangoli</em>); Sunda Crow (<em>C. enca</em>, polytypic including <em>compilator</em>); Palawan Crow (<em>C. pusillus</em>, monotypic); Samar Crow (<em>C. samarensis</em>, monotypic); Sierra Madre Crow (<em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, monotypic). Further research is needed to corroborate the division of <em>C. samarensis</em> and <em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, and to assess the depth of divergence of the two subspecies within <em>C. enca sensu stricto.</em>","northern Philippines (Sierra Madre mountains of Luzon)",null,null,null,"slbcro5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcro5","avibase-5E184D07",null,null,"San Pascua, Gonzaga, Cagayan Prov., Sierra Madre, Luzon.","A new race of Crow, Corvus enca, from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21620#page/7/mode/1up","Corvus enca sierramadrensis"],["20321","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus samarensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.23","Samar Crow","Samar Crow",null,"2025-1077","The Slender-billed Crow <em>Corvus enca</em> complex is divided into 5 species based on a combination of bioacoustic, morphological, and mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2012; Eaton et al. 2021): Sulawesi Crow (<em>C. celebensis</em>, polytypic, including <em>mangoli</em>); Sunda Crow (<em>C. enca</em>, polytypic including <em>compilator</em>); Palawan Crow (<em>C. pusillus</em>, monotypic); Samar Crow (<em>C. samarensis</em>, monotypic); Sierra Madre Crow (<em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, monotypic). Further research is needed to corroborate the division of <em>C. samarensis</em> and <em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, and to assess the depth of divergence of the two subspecies within <em>C. enca sensu stricto.</em>","southern Philippines (Samar and Mindanao)",null,null,null,"slbcro6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcro6","avibase-043895D6",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/27/mode/1up","Corvus samarensis"],["20322","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus celebensis","Stresemann, 1936","Ibis ser.13, vol.6, no.2 p.368","Sulawesi Crow","Sulawesi Crow",null,"2025-1077","The Slender-billed Crow <em>Corvus enca</em> complex is divided into 5 species based on a combination of bioacoustic, morphological, and mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2012; Eaton et al. 2021): Sulawesi Crow (<em>C. celebensis</em>, polytypic, including <em>mangoli</em>); Sunda Crow (<em>C. enca</em>, polytypic including <em>compilator</em>); Palawan Crow (<em>C. pusillus</em>, monotypic); Samar Crow (<em>C. samarensis</em>, monotypic); Sierra Madre Crow (<em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, monotypic). Further research is needed to corroborate the division of <em>C. samarensis</em> and <em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, and to assess the depth of divergence of the two subspecies within <em>C. enca sensu stricto.</em>","Sulawesi region, including Talaud, Togian, and Tukangbesi islands; population in the Banggai Islands probably this subspecies (but possibly is Corvus enca mangoli)",null,null,null,"slbcro12","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcro12","avibase-8403B0D8",null,null,"Rurukan, north Celebes.","A Nominal List of the Birds of Celebes.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1936.tb03380.x","Corvus enca celebensis"],["20323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus celebensis celebensis","Stresemann, 1936","Ibis ser.13, vol.6, no.2 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Talaud, Togian, and Tukangbesi islands; population in the Banggai Islands probably this subspecies (but possibly is Corvus enca mangoli)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82284855",null,null,"Rurukan, north Celebes.","A Nominal List of the Birds of Celebes.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1936.tb03380.x","Corvus enca celebensis"],["20324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus celebensis mangoli","Vaurie, 1958","American Museum Novitates no.1915 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2364D0CE",null,null,"Mangoli Island, Sula Archipelago.","Remarks on some Corvidae of Indo-Malaya and the Australian region.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5369/","Corvus enca mangoli"],["20325","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus pusillus","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.622","Palawan Crow","Palawan Crow",null,"2025-1077","The Slender-billed Crow <em>Corvus enca</em> complex is divided into 5 species based on a combination of bioacoustic, morphological, and mitochondrial DNA data (Jønsson et al. 2012; Eaton et al. 2021): Sulawesi Crow (<em>C. celebensis</em>, polytypic, including <em>mangoli</em>); Sunda Crow (<em>C. enca</em>, polytypic including <em>compilator</em>); Palawan Crow (<em>C. pusillus</em>, monotypic); Samar Crow (<em>C. samarensis</em>, monotypic); Sierra Madre Crow (<em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, monotypic). Further research is needed to corroborate the division of <em>C. samarensis</em> and <em>C. sierramadrensis</em>, and to assess the depth of divergence of the two subspecies within <em>C. enca sensu stricto.</em>","southern Philippines (Balabac, Culion, Mindoro, and Palawan)",null,null,null,"slbcro7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcro7","avibase-D29583DE",null,null,"Puerto Princessa, Palawan.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/208/mode/1up","Corvus pusillus"],["20326","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus validus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.385","Long-billed Crow","Long-billed Crow","Long-billed Crow",null,null,"Halmahera and satellites (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705963","lobcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobcro1","avibase-11715120",null,null,"Cerain, Gilolo (=Halmahera); the type is said to be from Gilolo [= Halmahera].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/599/mode/1up","Corvus validus"],["20327","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus moneduloides","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.329","New Caledonian Crow","New Caledonian Crow","New Caledonian Crow",null,null,"Grande Terre and (introduced) Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705944","neccro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neccro1","avibase-985A5F40",null,null,"no locality [= Balab, New Caledonia (Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 91)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/367/mode/1up","Corvus moneduloides"],["20328","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus woodfordi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.2, no.22 p.332 pl.27","White-billed Crow","Guadalcanal Crow","White-billed Crow",null,null,"Choiseul, Isabel, and Guadalcanal (central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705969","guacro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guacro1","avibase-ACCF9106",null,null,"Aola, Guadalcanal.","A List of the Birds collected by Mr. Charles Morris Woodford in the Solomon Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/420/mode/1up","Macrocorax woodfordi"],["20329","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus meeki","Rothschild, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.21","Bougainville Crow","Bougainville Crow","Bougainville Crow",null,null,"Bougainville, Buka, and Shortland Islands (northwestern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705966","boucro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boucro1","avibase-667E6F77",null,null,"Bougainville Island, Solomons.","[Description of a new species of Raven from Bougainville Island, Solomon Group].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/631/mode/1up","Corvus meeki"],["20330","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus violaceus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.384","Violet Crow","Violet Crow","Violet Crow",null,null,"Seram and Ambon, and possibly Buru (central Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727509","slbcro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbcro3","avibase-7D09E879",null,null,"Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/598/mode/1up","Corvus violaceus"],["20331","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus fuscicapillus","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.157","Brown-headed Crow","Brown-headed Crow","Brown-headed Crow",null,null,"western New Guinea including Waigeo and Gam (west Papuan islands) and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705972","brhcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhcro1","avibase-EC8ED8A4",null,null,"'Dorey, New Guinea;' error for Aru Islands (see Wallace, 1863, Ibis, p. 100).","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/217/mode/1up","Corvus fuscicapillus"],["20332","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus tristis","Lesson & Garnot, 1827","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 10 p.291","Grey Crow","Gray Crow","Grey Crow",null,null,"New Guinea, including west Papuan Islands, Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay), and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705975","grycro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grycro1","avibase-63AF4DB2",null,null,"Dorey Harbor, New Guinea.","196. Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux recueillies par MM. Lesson & Garnot, etc. (Voy. le Bulletin, t. VII, n°. 125.). Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/299/mode/1up","Corvus tristis"],["20333","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus coronoides","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.261","Australian Raven","Australian Raven","Australian Raven",null,null,"wooded habitats of southwestern, far southern coastal, and central to eastern Australia (except Cape York Peninsula and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706033","ausrav1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausrav1","avibase-1D45897E",null,null,"Australia, restricted to Parramatta, New South Wales by Stresemann (1916, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 290).","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/270/mode/1up","Corvus Coronoides"],["20334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus coronoides coronoides","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (eastward from eastern Northern Territory and central South Australia, but excluding Cape York Peninsula and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D93BBF86",null,null,"Australia, restricted to Parramatta, New South Wales by Stresemann (1916, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 290).","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/270/mode/1up","Corvus Coronoides"],["20335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus coronoides perplexus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF8343F2",null,null,"Perth, West Australia","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/466/mode/1up","Corvus coronoides perplexus"],["20336","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus mellori","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.443","Little Raven","Little Raven","Little Raven",null,null,"southeastern Australia (northern New South Wales to Eyre Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706036","litrav1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litrav1","avibase-DE78C792",null,null,"South Australia [= Angas Plains].","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/467/mode/1up","Corvus marianae mellori"],["20337","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus tasmanicus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.443","Forest Raven","Forest Raven","Forest Raven",null,null,"varied mostly wooded habitats of far east-central and far southeastern Australia including islands of Bass Strait and Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733499","forrav1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forrav1","avibase-2CABE055",null,null,"Tasmania.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/467/mode/1up","Corvus marianae tasmanicus"],["20338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus tasmanicus boreus","Rowley, 1970","CSIRO Wildlife Research Technical Paper 15 p.27-71",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Australia (Yamba to Tamworth to Newcastle, northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3133E228",null,null,"9 miles NW of Mowendoc, New South Wales, 3500 ft.","The genus Corvus (Aves: Corvidae) in Australia.",null,"Corvus tasmanicus boreus"],["20339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus tasmanicus tasmanicus","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Kingscote, southeastern South Australia to Mallacoota, eastern Victoria, Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands, Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E247310C",null,null,"Tasmania.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/467/mode/1up","Corvus marianae tasmanicus"],["20340","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus insularis","Heinroth, 1903","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.1 p.69","Bismarck Crow","Bismarck Crow","Bismarck Crow",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727573","torcro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/torcro3","avibase-30485389",null,null,"Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der „I. Deutschen Südsee-Expedition von Br. Mencke.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/79/mode/1up","Corvus insularis"],["20341","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus bennetti","North, 1901","The Victorian Naturalist 17 p.170","Little Crow","Little Crow","Little Crow",null,null,"semiarid Australia (mainland except tropical north, wetter east, southeast, and southwest)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706030","litcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litcro1","avibase-4DADACA1",null,null,"Moolah, western New South Wales.","Description of a new species of Crow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95020#page/230/mode/1up","Corvus bennetti"],["20342","species","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus orru","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.385","Torresian Crow","Torresian Crow","Torresian Crow",null,null,"mostly open or edge habitats in lowlands and hills from northern Moluccas and Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas) eastward through New Guinea, including Trobriand Islands and Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea), southward through Australia (except far southwest, far southeast, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103727557","torcro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/torcro2","avibase-3E47E56F",null,null,"? New Guinea, ex Müller MS, Lobo, Triton Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/599/mode/1up","Corvus orru"],["20343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus orru latirostris","Meyer, 1884","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 Heft p.199-200",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar and Tanimbar Islands (far eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30561EA3",null,null,"Timorlaut [= Tenimber].","Über neue und ungenügend bekannte Vögel im Königl. Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/209/mode/1up","Corvus latirostris"],["20344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus orru orru","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas eastward through New Guinea to Trobriand Islands and Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea), and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3618705",null,null,"? New Guinea, ex Müller MS, Lobo, Triton Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/599/mode/1up","Corvus orru"],["20345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Corvidae","Crows, Jays, and Magpies","Corvus orru cecilae","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (north from Geraldton to Sydney, except southwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-712E9C5D",null,null,"northwestern Australia [= Napier Broome Bay].","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/466/mode/1up","Corvus coronoides cecilae"],["20346","family","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Cnemophilidae",null,null,"Satinbirds","Satinbirds","Satinbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cnemop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cnemop1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20347","genus","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Loboparadisea","Rothschild, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loboparadisea sericea [Rothschild, 1896]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/375/mode/1up","Loboparadisea"],["20348","species","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Loboparadisea sericea","Rothschild, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.16","Yellow-breasted Satinbird","Yellow-breasted Satinbird","Yellow-breasted Satinbird",null,null,"montane western to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706091","yebsat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebsat1","avibase-1ED4FB4F",null,null,"Dutch New Guinea'. The type was bought at Kurudu Island and had presumably come from the Weyland Mts.","[Description of a new genus and species of Bird of Paradise].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/376/mode/1up","Loboparadisea sericea"],["20349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Loboparadisea sericea sericea","Rothschild, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western to east-central New Guinea (Weyland Mountains to Victor Emanuel Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF9DEB97",null,null,"Dutch New Guinea'. The type was bought at Kurudu Island and had presumably come from the Weyland Mts.","[Description of a new genus and species of Bird of Paradise].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/376/mode/1up","Loboparadisea sericea"],["20350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Loboparadisea sericea aurora","Mayr, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern sector of southeastern New Guinea (Herzog Mountains and upper Jimi River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69959155",null,null,"Dawong, Herzog Mountains, NE New Guinea.","Loboparadisea sericea aurora subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0147-0148.pdf","Loboparadisea sericea aurora"],["20351","genus","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Cnemophilus","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App. App. G p.61",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cnemophilus macgregorii [De Vis, 1890]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=61","Cnemophilus"],["20352","species","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Cnemophilus loriae","(Salvadori, 1895)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.151","Loria's Satinbird","Loria's Satinbird","Loria's Satinbird",null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706100","lorsat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lorsat1","avibase-C7F446FC",null,null,"Moroka, Owen Stanley Range, S.E. New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/163/mode/1up","Loria loriae"],["20353","species","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Cnemophilus macgregorii","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.61","Crested Satinbird","Crested Satinbird",null,"2025-0813","Taxon <em>sanguineus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cnemophilus macgregorii</em> based on minor plumage differences and intermediacy of the Kratke Mountains population; further research needed.","montane west-central, east-central, and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,"cresat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cresat1","avibase-C6373A0B",null,null,"Mt. Knutsford, Owen Stanley Range.","Notes on the Paradise-birds of British New Guinea.","https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=61","Cnemophilus macgregorii"],["20354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Cnemophilus macgregorii sanguineus","Iredale, 1948","The Australian Zoologist 11 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C650121",null,null,"Kumdi, Mount Hagen district.","A check-list of the Birds of Paradise and Bower-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120627#page/208/mode/1up","Cnemophilus macgregorii sanguineus"],["20355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cnemophilidae","Satinbirds","Cnemophilus macgregorii macgregorii","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southeastern Papua New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB600C12",null,null,"Mt. Knutsford, Owen Stanley Range.","Notes on the Paradise-birds of British New Guinea.","https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=61","Cnemophilus macgregorii"],["20356","family","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharitidae",null,null,"New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Berrypeckers and Longbills","Berrypeckers and Longbills",null,null,null,null,null,null,"melano1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melano1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20357","genus","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Toxorhamphus","Stresemann, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.4 p.394",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cinnyris novaeguineae [Lesson, 1827]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/424/mode/1up","Toxorhamphus"],["20358","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Toxorhamphus poliopterus","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.318","Slaty-headed Longbill","Slaty-chinned Longbill","Slaty-headed Longbill",null,null,"montane west-central to northeastern and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718152","slclon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slclon1","avibase-8A30D607",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/332/mode/1up","Melilestes poliopterus"],["20359","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Toxorhamphus novaeguineae","(Lesson, 1827)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 50 p.22","Yellow-bellied Longbill","Yellow-bellied Longbill","Yellow-bellied Longbill",null,null,"New Guinea (except south-central and southeast) and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718156","yeblon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeblon1","avibase-B6FE975F",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/28/mode/1up","Cinnyris NovaeGuineae"],["20360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Toxorhamphus novaeguineae novaeguineae","(Lesson, 1827)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 50 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and islands in Cenderawasih Bay (off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD838F6A",null,null,"Dorey [= Manokwari] , northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/28/mode/1up","Cinnyris NovaeGuineae"],["20361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Toxorhamphus novaeguineae flaviventris","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Utakwa River to middle Fly River), including (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-339FB214",null,null,"Aru Islands.","Exhibition and description of a new form of Spider-hunter from the Aru Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/72/mode/1up","Melilestes novae-guineae flaviventris"],["20362","genus","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.952",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Oedistoma pygmaeum [Salvadori, 1876]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/958/mode/1up","Oedistoma"],["20363","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma pygmaeum","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.952","Pygmy Longbill","Pygmy Longbill","Pygmy Longbill",null,null,"New Guinea including some satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718162","pyghon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pyghon1","avibase-18A38979",null,null,"Profi, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/958/mode/1up","Oedistoma pygmaeum"],["20364","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma pygmaeum pygmaeum","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.952",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Waigeo and Misool (western Papuan islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51F4F5D7",null,null,"Profi, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/958/mode/1up","Oedistoma pygmaeum"],["20365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma pygmaeum meeki","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.3 p.239-240",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough and Fergusson, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED9CF511",null,null,"Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. IV. List of a collection made by Albert S. Meek on Fergusson, Trobriand, Egum, and Woodlark Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/275/mode/1up","Anthreptes meeki"],["20366","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma iliolophus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.951","Spectacled Longbill","Spectacled Longbill","Spectacled Longbill",null,null,"New Guinea (except Trans-Fly, south-central New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718159","dwahon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dwahon2","avibase-9861C51E",null,null,"Miosnom [= Meos Num] and Jobi [= Japen] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/957/mode/1up","Melilestes iliolophus"],["20367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma iliolophus cinerascens","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1932)","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F25D880",null,null,"Waigeu Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. I. Die Vögel von Waigeu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/164/mode/1up","Toxorhamphus iliolophus cinerascens"],["20368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma iliolophus iliolophus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.951",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Yapen and Meos Num (Cenderawasih Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E4BD349",null,null,"Miosnom [= Meos Num] and Jobi [= Japen] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/957/mode/1up","Melilestes iliolophus"],["20369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Oedistoma iliolophus fergussonis","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.3 p.237-238",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D256C31A",null,null,"Fergusson Island, d'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","Contributions to the ornithology of the Papuan Islands. IV. List of a collection made by Albert S. Meek on Fergusson, Trobriand, Egum, and Woodlark Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/273/mode/1up","Melilestes fergussonis"],["20370","genus","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis","Sclater, 1858","Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.157",null,null,null,"2025-1223","<em>Rhamphocharis </em>is subsumed into <em>Melanocharis </em>based on paraphyly in the mitochondrial and genomic DNA data of Milá et al. (2021).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dicaeum niger [Lesson, 1830]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Melanocharis"],["20371","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis versteri","(Finsch, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.642","Fan-tailed Berrypecker","Fan-tailed Berrypecker","Fan-tailed Berrypecker",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718143","fatber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatber1","avibase-DE3D9993",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","On Pristorhamphus versteri, a new Genus and Species of Bird from the Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/806/mode/1up","Pristorhamphus versteri"],["20372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis versteri versteri","(Finsch, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.642",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern New Guinea (Arfak Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9A68D6",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","On Pristorhamphus versteri, a new Genus and Species of Bird from the Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/806/mode/1up","Pristorhamphus versteri"],["20373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis versteri meeki","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central to central New Guinea (Weyland, Nassau, Jayawijaya, Foja, and Hindenburg mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-724FBB2A",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, 5,000 ft., central Dutch New Guinea.","Exhibition of a series of specimens of the genus Pristorhamphus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/64/mode/1up","Pristorhamphus versteri meeki"],["20374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis versteri maculiceps","(De Vis, 1898)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1896 to 30th June 1897 with Appendices p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northern, east-central, northeastern (Huon Peninsula), and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0999BCF6",null,null,"Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1898No23p41-96.pdf#page=47","Sarganura maculiceps"],["20375","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis citreola","Milá, Ashari & Thébaud, 2021","Ibis vol.163, no.4 p.1310-1329","Satin Berrypecker","Satin Berrypecker","Satin Berrypecker",null,null,"western New Guinea (Fakfak and Kumawa Mountains, Bird's Neck)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216552569","satber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satber1","avibase-756BA63D",null,null,"Kumawa Mountains, Bomberai Peninsula, West Papua province, Indonesia, elevation 1191 m asl, 4.01134°S, 133.08751°W, mist-netted on 17 November 2014","A new, undescribed species of Melanocharis berrypecker from western New Guinea and the evolutionary history of the family Melanocharitidae","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.12981","Melanocharis citreola"],["20376","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis striativentris","Salvadori, 1895","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.150","Streaked Berrypecker","Streaked Berrypecker","Streaked Berrypecker",null,null,"montane west-central to northeastern and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718146","strber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strber1","avibase-4695BA79",null,null,"Moroka, Owen Stanley Mountains, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/162/mode/1up","Melanocharis striativentris"],["20377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis striativentris axillaris","(Mayr, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 p.670",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Weyland Mountains and south slopes of Snow Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-738581CE",null,null,"Snow Mountains [= Utakwa River] , New Guinea.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Neneba striativentris axillaris"],["20378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis striativentris striativentris","Salvadori, 1895","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.34 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central, northeastern (Huon Peninsula), and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8BBC7E4",null,null,"Moroka, Owen Stanley Mountains, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33445#page/162/mode/1up","Melanocharis striativentris"],["20379","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis arfakiana","(Finsch, 1900)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 22 p.70","Obscure Berrypecker","Obscure Berrypecker","Obscure Berrypecker",null,null,"patchy and scarce in Arfak Mountains (Vogelkop), central, northern, and eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718134","obsber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obsber1","avibase-30AA9CB6",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.","Ueber eine anscheinend neue Art Dicaeum vom Arfak-Gebirge (Neu Guinea).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37358#page/84/mode/1up","Dicaeum arfakianum"],["20380","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis piperata","(De Vis, 1898)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1896 to 30th June 1897 with Appendices p.86","Spotted Berrypecker","Spotted Berrypecker","Spotted Berrypecker","2025-0968","Taxon <em>piperata </em>(with <em>viridescens </em>as a junior synonym) is treated as a species separate from <em>Melanocharis crassirostris</em> based on plumage, bill length and coloration, and size, following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016). Although the two taxa appear to replace each other abruptly and without introgression, genetic data are needed to confirm this split.","montane east-central, northeastern (Huon Peninsula), and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103730878","spober3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spober3","avibase-23BC4AD7",null,null,"Suku, Vanapa Valley, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1898No23p41-96.pdf#page=46","Ptilotis piperata"],["20381","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis crassirostris","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.943","Thick-billed Berrypecker","Thick-billed Berrypecker","Thick-billed Berrypecker","2025-0968","Taxon <em>piperata </em>(with <em>viridescens </em>as a junior synonym) is treated as a species separate from <em>Melanocharis crassirostris</em> based on plumage, bill length and coloration, and size, following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016). Although the two taxa appear to replace each other abruptly and without introgression, genetic data are needed to confirm this split.","New Guinea (mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula and central highlands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103730855","spober1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spober1","avibase-2D12BAFB",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/949/mode/1up","Rhamphocharis crassirostris"],["20382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis crassirostris crassirostris","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.943",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern and western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89A1E9FD",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/949/mode/1up","Rhamphocharis crassirostris"],["20383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis crassirostris interposita","(Mees, 1964)","Zoologische Verhandelingen 66 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Star Mountains (central New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C15010F",null,null,"Antares, Star Mountains, central New Guinea.","Notes on two small collections of birds from New Guinea.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317856","Rhamphocharis crassirostris interposita"],["20384","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis longicauda","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.942","Mid-mountain Berrypecker","Mid-mountain Berrypecker","Mid-mountain Berrypecker",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718140","lebber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lebber1","avibase-9ABE8154",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/948/mode/1up","Melanocharis longicauda"],["20385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis longicauda longicauda","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.942",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern to north-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB5DD417",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/948/mode/1up","Melanocharis longicauda"],["20386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis longicauda captata","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.669",null,null,null,null,null,"montane central and northeastern (Huon Peninsula) New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9B57692",null,null,"Junzaing, Huon Peninsula, NE New Guinea","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Melanocharis longicauda captata"],["20387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis longicauda orientalis","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.669",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81B77792",null,null,"Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Melanocharis longicauda orientalis"],["20388","species","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis nigra","(Lesson, 1830)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, pt.2, livr.14 p.673","Black Berrypecker","Black Berrypecker","Black Berrypecker",null,null,"New Guinea and western satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718137","blaber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaber1","avibase-98A83626",null,null,"Dorey, western New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/323/mode/1up","Dicaeum niger"],["20389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis nigra pallida","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D384AEE",null,null,"Waigeu Island.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. I. Die Vögel von Waigeu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/171/mode/1up","Melanocharis nigra pallida"],["20390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis nigra nigra","(Lesson, 1830)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1, pt.2, livr.14 p.673",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea, including Misool and Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E64CE06C",null,null,"Dorey, western New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/323/mode/1up","Dicaeum niger"],["20391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis nigra unicolor","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern New Guinea including Mios Num and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0CEA62E",null,null,"Jobi [= Japen] Island.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/347/mode/1up","Melanocharis unicolor"],["20392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Melanocharitidae","New Guinea Longbills and Berrypeckers","Melanocharis nigra chloroptera","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.987",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Mimika River to Fly River), including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-946B083E",null,null,"Cioe in Wokan, in Giabu-Lingan, Aru Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/993/mode/1up","Melanocharis chloroptera"],["20393","family","Passeriformes","Notiomystidae","Stitchbird","Notiomystidae",null,null,"Stitchbird","Stitchbird","Stitchbird",null,null,null,null,null,null,"notiom1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/notiom1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20394","genus","Passeriformes","Notiomystidae","Stitchbird","Notiomystis","Richmond, 1908","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35, no.1656 p.634 [583-655]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Meliphaga cincta [Du Bus, 1839]; type by monotypy",null,"Generic names applied to birds during the years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further additions to Waterhouse's \"Index Generum Avium\"","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32327#page/821/mode/1up","Notiomystis"],["20395","species","Passeriformes","Notiomystidae","Stitchbird","Notiomystis cincta","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1839)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 6, pt1 p.295","Stitchbird","Stitchbird","Stitchbird",null,null,"North Island and satellite islands (New Zealand)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704154","stitch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stitch1","avibase-8A8E833D",null,null,"Nouvelle-Zelande [= North Island, New Zealand] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53797#page/323/mode/1up","Meliphaga cincta"],["20396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Notiomystidae","Stitchbird","Notiomystis cincta hautura","Mathews, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Little Barrier Island (New Zealand); reintroduced to other islands and mainland sanctuaries of North Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-658A44E7",null,null,"Little Barrier Island, New Zealand.","Descriptions of a new Stitch-bird and a new Tit from New Zealand, and of a new Prion from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/197/mode/1up","Notiomystis cincta hautura"],["20397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Notiomystidae","Stitchbird","Notiomystis cincta cincta","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1839)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 6, pt1 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Great Barrier, North, and Kapiti islands; extinct ca. 1885","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA956138",null,null,"Nouvelle-Zelande [= North Island, New Zealand] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53797#page/323/mode/1up","Meliphaga cincta"],["20398","family","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Callaeidae",null,null,"New Zealand Wattlebirds","Wattlebirds","New Zealand Wattlebirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"callae1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/callae1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20399","genus","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Callaeas","Forster, 1788","Enchiridion historiae naturali inserviens, quo termini et delineationes ad avium, piscium, insectorum et plantarum adumbrationes intelligendas et concinnandas, secundum systematis linnaeani continentur p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Glaucopsis cinerea [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Glaucopsis cinerea J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209840#page/49/mode/1up","Callaeas"],["20400","species","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Callaeas cinereus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.363","South Island Kokako","South Island Kokako","South Island Kokako",null,null,"formerly South Island, New Zealand; probably extinct, last confirmed sighting 1967","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103730380","kokako4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kokako4","avibase-E35FC5B7",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/375/mode/1up","Glaucopis cinerea"],["20401","species","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Callaeas wilsoni","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.368","North Island Kokako","North Island Kokako","North Island Kokako",null,null,"North and Great Barrier islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103730482","kokako3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kokako3","avibase-ED48C659",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/574/mode/1up","Glaucopis wilsoni"],["20402","genus","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Heteralocha","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Neomorpha gouldi [Gray, GR, 1841]; type by original designation = Neomorpha acutirostris Gould, 1837  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/234/mode/1up","Heteralocha"],["20403","species","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Heteralocha acutirostris","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.11 fig.1,text","Huia","Huia","Huia",null,null,"formerly New Zealand; extinct, last reported 1907","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708091","huia1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/huia1","avibase-7C2EB5FF",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/53/mode/1up","Neomorpha acutirostris"],["20404","genus","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Philesturnus","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (3) 1 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sturnus carunculatus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103417#page/436/mode/1up","Philesturnus"],["20405","species","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Philesturnus carunculatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.805","South Island Saddleback","South Island Saddleback","South Island Saddleback",null,null,"formerly widespread on South Island (New Zealand); by 1950s confined to South Cape Islands, now introduced to additional outlying islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103730490","saddle3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saddle3","avibase-FED78DF7",null,null,"South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/306/mode/1up","Sturnus carunculatus"],["20406","species","Passeriformes","Callaeidae","New Zealand Wattlebirds","Philesturnus rufusater","(Lesson, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 2 p.355","North Island Saddleback","North Island Saddleback","North Island Saddleback",null,null,"formerly widespread on North Island (New Zealand); by 1950s confined to Hen Island, now introduced to and has colonized additional outlying islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103730503","saddle2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saddle2","avibase-431D32F7",null,null,"Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/367/mode/1up","Icterus rufusater"],["20407","family","Passeriformes","Eupetidae","Rail-babbler","Eupetidae",null,null,"Rail-babbler","Rail-babbler","Rail-babbler",null,null,null,null,null,null,"eupeti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eupeti1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20408","genus","Passeriformes","Eupetidae","Rail-babbler","Eupetes","Temminck, 1831","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.87, vol.2 text to pl.516",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Eupetes macrocerus [Temminck, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/463/mode/1up","Eupetes"],["20409","species","Passeriformes","Eupetidae","Rail-babbler","Eupetes macrocerus","Temminck, 1831","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.87, vol.2 pl.516","Rail-babbler","Rail-babbler","Rail-babbler",null,null,"tropical lowland rainforest, swamps, and heath forest in southern Malayan peninsula including southern Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, and Natuna Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705375","marbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marbab1","avibase-BC5165E4",null,null,"Padang [lat. 0° 58' S., long. 100° 21' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/467/mode/1up","Eupetes macrocerus"],["20410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eupetidae","Rail-babbler","Eupetes macrocerus borneensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20885B84",null,null,"Batang Samarahan, southern Sarawak.","Nine new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/220/mode/1up","Eupetes macrocerus borneensis"],["20411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Eupetidae","Rail-babbler","Eupetes macrocerus macrocerus","Temminck, 1831","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.87, vol.2 pl.516",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0CDDAD7",null,null,"Padang [lat. 0° 58' S., long. 100° 21' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/467/mode/1up","Eupetes macrocerus"],["20412","family","Passeriformes","Chaetopidae","Rockjumpers","Chaetopidae",null,null,"Rockjumpers","Rockjumpers","Rockjumpers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"chaeto2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaeto2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20413","genus","Passeriformes","Chaetopidae","Rockjumpers","Chaetops","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chaetops burchelli [Swainson, 1832]; type by original designation = Malurus frenatus Temminck, 1826  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/660/mode/1up","Chaetops"],["20414","species","Passeriformes","Chaetopidae","Rockjumpers","Chaetops frenatus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.65, vol.3 pl.385","Cape Rockjumper","Cape Rockjumper","Cape Rockjumper",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill open restio-dominated Fynbos, on upper slopes and ridges, particularly where recently burned, in southwestern South Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708094","rufroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufroc1","avibase-EE344F3D",null,null,"South Africa [= River Zonder Einde Mountains, Cape Province, vide Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds South Africa, p. 64] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/269/mode/1up","Malurus frenatus"],["20415","species","Passeriformes","Chaetopidae","Rockjumpers","Chaetops aurantius","Layard, 1867","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.1 p.126","Drakensberg Rockjumper","Drakensberg Rockjumper","Drakensberg Rockjumper",null,null,"foothill to montane steep-sloping alpine and subalpine grassland with rocky outcrops, from Lesotho highlands and adjacent South Africa, and south-westward to south-central South Africa (to eastern Western Cape); some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708101","orbroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbroc1","avibase-CB9159AF",null,null,"near Graaff Reinet, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47633#page/148/mode/1up","Chaetops aurantius"],["20416","family","Passeriformes","Picathartidae","Rockfowl","Picathartidae",null,null,"Rockfowl","Rockfowl","Picathartes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"picath1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/picath1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20417","genus","Passeriformes","Picathartidae","Rockfowl","Picathartes","Lesson, 1828","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Corvus gymnocephalus [Temminck, 1825]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/386/mode/1up","Picathartes"],["20418","species","Passeriformes","Picathartidae","Rockfowl","Picathartes gymnocephalus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.55, vol.2 pl.327","White-necked Rockfowl","White-necked Rockfowl","White-necked Rockfowl",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary and mature secondary Upper Guinea rainforest with large rock outcrops, from southern Guinea eastward to southwestern Ghana",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708108","whnroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnroc1","avibase-30365337",null,null,"locality unknown, but English possessions on coast of Guinea suggested by Temminck.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/213/mode/1up","Corvus gymnocephalus"],["20419","species","Passeriformes","Picathartidae","Rockfowl","Picathartes oreas","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.40","Grey-necked Rockfowl","Gray-necked Rockfowl","Grey-necked Rockfowl",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary and mature secondary Lower Guinea rainforest with large rock outcrops, from southeastern Nigeria through southern Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, including Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southwestern Central Africa Republic, and southward to Gabon and, disjunctly, western Republic of the Congo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708119","gynroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gynroc1","avibase-C9B244E1",null,null,"British Cameroons; type alleged to come from Victoria [lat. 4° 00' N., long. 9° 12' E.].","Neu entdeckte Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/56/mode/1up","Picathartes oreas"],["20420","family","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroicidae",null,null,"Australasian Robins","Australasian Robins","Australasian Robins","2025-0985","A revised genus-level taxonomy for the Microecinae and Eopsaltriinae recognizes 11 genera based mostly on the multilocus DNA data of Christidis et al. (2011) and Loynes et al. (2009) with some minor revisions. Within the Eopsaltriinae, <em>Peneothello </em>is placed in <em>Melanodryas</em>, while <em>Gennaeodryas</em>, <em>Quoyornis</em>, and <em>Tregellasia </em>are placed in <em>Eopsaltria</em>, and taxon <em>brachyurus </em>is transferred from <em>Poecilodryas </em>to <em>Heteromyias </em>following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016).",null,null,null,null,"petroi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/petroi2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20421","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Amalocichla","De Vis, 1892","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices App.cc p.95",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Amalocichla sclateriana [De Vis, 1892]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84530375#page/n124/mode/1up","Amalocichla"],["20422","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Amalocichla incerta","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.967","Lesser Ground Robin","Lesser Ground-Robin","Lesser Ground-robin",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704761","legrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/legrob1","avibase-F6555990",null,null,"Mount Arfak, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/973/mode/1up","Eupetes incertus"],["20423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Amalocichla incerta incerta","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.967",null,null,null,null,null,"Arfak Mountains of western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7B3E301",null,null,"Mount Arfak, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/973/mode/1up","Eupetes incertus"],["20424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Amalocichla incerta brevicauda","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CA45D0B",null,null,"Mount Maneao, southeast New Guinea [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=33","Drymoedus brevicauda"],["20425","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Amalocichla sclateriana","De Vis, 1892","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices App.cc p.95","Greater Ground Robin","Greater Ground-Robin","Greater Ground-robin",null,null,"montane central and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704757","grgrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grgrob1","avibase-90FA38FF",null,null,"Mount Owen Stanley, southeastern New Guinea [reference not verified].",null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84530375#page/n124/mode/1up","Amalocichla sclateriana"],["20426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Amalocichla sclateriana occidentalis","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1074 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Snow Mountains (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DD67865",null,null,"Lake Habbema, 9 km. northeast, 2,800 m.. Snow Mountains, Netherlands New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 27. Ten new Birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4865/","Amalocichla sclateriana occidentalis"],["20427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Amalocichla sclateriana sclateriana","De Vis, 1892","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices App.cc p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Owen Stanley Mountains (southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8BACDF6",null,null,"Mount Owen Stanley, southeastern New Guinea [reference not verified].",null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84530375#page/n124/mode/1up","Amalocichla sclateriana"],["20428","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.15 p.48,note3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pachycephala hattamensis [Meyer, AB, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94472#page/56/mode/1up","Pachycephalopsis"],["20429","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis poliosoma","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.318","White-eyed Robin","White-eyed Robin","White-eyed Robin",null,null,"mountains and valleys of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704920","wherob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wherob1","avibase-3907E9E9",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/332/mode/1up","Pachycephalopsis poliosoma"],["20430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis poliosoma approximans","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southern slopes of western and central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C0C92D5",null,null,"Iwaka River.","Descriptions of species of birds from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/54/mode/1up","Pachycephala poliosoma approximans"],["20431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis poliosoma hunsteini","(Neumann, 1922)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 15 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"northern slopes of central and east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93CAFA36",null,null,"Hunsteinspitze, Sepik Mountains.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen und polynesischen Inselreich.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101651#page/257/mode/1up","Pachycephala poliosoma hunsteini"],["20432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis poliosoma hypopolia","Salvadori, 1899","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.360 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8111DC6C",null,null,"Sattelberg, near Huon Gulf, eastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/174/mode/1up","Pachycephalopsis hypopolia"],["20433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis poliosoma poliosoma","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Herzog Mountains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43484231",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/332/mode/1up","Pachycephalopsis poliosoma"],["20434","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis hattamensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.391","Green-backed Robin","Green-backed Robin","Green-backed Robin",null,null,"montane western and central New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704917","grbrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbrob1","avibase-096C4DA1",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains; 3,550 feet, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/425/mode/1up","Pachycephala hattamensis"],["20435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis hattamensis hattamensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern and west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91F1463C",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains; 3,550 feet, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/425/mode/1up","Pachycephala hattamensis"],["20436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis hattamensis ernesti","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Wandammen Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A11362F5",null,null,"Mt. Wondiwoi, Wandammen Peninsula.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/89/mode/1up","Pachycephalopsis hattamensis ernesti"],["20437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis hattamensis insularis","Diamond, 1985","The Emu 85, no.2 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83197B59",null,null,"near Ambaidiru village at 1070 m on Yapen, New Guinea","New distributional records and taxa from the outlying mountain ranges of New Guinea.",null,"Pachycephalopsis hattamensis insularis"],["20438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Pachycephalopsis hattamensis lecroyae","Boles, 1989","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109, no.2 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46CEC889",null,null,"Magidobo (6°11'S, 142°46'E, 1450 m), Papua New Guinea","A new subspecies of the Green-backed Robin Pachycephalopsis hattamensis, comprising the first record from Papua New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/132/mode/1up","Pachycephalopsis hattamensis lecroyae"],["20439","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eugerygone","Finsch, 1901","Notes from the Leyden Museum 22 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pseudogerygone rubra [Sharpe, 1879]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Eugerygone"],["20440","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eugerygone rubra","(Sharpe, 1879)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 1 p.29","Garnet Robin","Garnet Robin","Garnet Robin",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704792","garrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/garrob1","avibase-92AA62A0",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea = Tjobonda, Arfak Mountains, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 125","On Pseudogerygone rubra, a remarkable new species of Flycatcher, from the Arfak Mountains, North-Western New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37312#page/41/mode/1up","Pseudogerygone rubra"],["20441","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica","Swainson, 1830","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.1, no.8 pl.36,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa multicolor [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92611#page/227/mode/1up","Petroica"],["20442","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica longipes","(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 pl.19, fig. 1","North Island Robin","North Island Robin","North Island Robin",null,null,"North, Little Barrier, and Kapiti islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103735022","nezrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezrob2","avibase-1E93BEE8",null,null,"Bay of Islands, North Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/47/mode/1up","Muscicapa longipes"],["20443","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica australis","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.69FALSE","South Island Robin","South Island Robin","South Island Robin",null,null,"South and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103734942","nezrob3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nezrob3","avibase-658EF0D7",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/87/mode/1up","Turdus australis"],["20444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica australis australis","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.69FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"South Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E86F998",null,null,"Dusky Sound, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/87/mode/1up","Turdus australis"],["20445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica australis rakiura","Fleming, 1950","Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 78 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Stewart Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCB48DB8",null,null,"Jacques Lee Island, off east coast of Stewart Island.","New Zealand flycatchers of the genus Petroica Swainson (Aves) Part II.","http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_78/rsnz_78_02_001680.pdf","Petroica (Miro) australis rakiura"],["20446","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica traversi","(Buller, 1872)","A history of the birds of New Zealand, 1st ed. p.123","Black Robin","Black Robin","Black Robin",null,null,"Chatham Islands (Mangere Island and South East Island; New Zealand); endangered",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704831","charob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/charob1","avibase-329E7E89",null,null,"Chatham Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113544#page/157/mode/1up","Miro traversi"],["20447","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica macrocephala","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1013","Tomtit","Tomtit",null,"2025-0960","Taxon <em>dannefaerdi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Petroica macrocephala</em> based on available evidence. Although monochromatic plumage and lack of sexual dimorphism separate <em>dannefaerdi </em>from other members of the <em>macrocephala </em>complex, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Miller &amp; Lambert 2006) is weak; analysis of genomic DNA is needed to determine if this is the result of mitochondrial DNA introgression.","North, South, Stewart, Chatham, Snares, and Auckland islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,"tomtit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tomtit1","avibase-E0027EC9",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/514/mode/1up","Parus macrocephalus"],["20448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica macrocephala toitoi","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux 1 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"North Island and adjacent offshore islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3417C630",null,null,"New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/200/mode/1up","Muscicapa toïtoï"],["20449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica macrocephala macrocephala","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1013",null,null,null,null,null,"South and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2C3DEC0",null,null,"Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand, ex Latham.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/514/mode/1up","Parus macrocephalus"],["20450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica macrocephala dannefaerdi","(Rothschild, 1894)","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.5 p.688",null,null,null,null,null,"Snares Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94D6C03B",null,null,"Snares Islands.","On a new Miro from the New Zealand region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/740/mode/1up","Miro dannefaerdi"],["20451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica macrocephala chathamensis","Fleming, 1950","Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 78 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Chatham Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C4D290",null,null,"Rangatira (= Southeast) Island, Chatham Islands.","New Zealand flycatchers of the genus Petroica Swainson (Aves) Part I.","http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_78/rsnz_78_01_000720.pdf","Petroica macrocephala chathamensis"],["20452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica macrocephala marrineri","(Mathews & Iredale, 1913)","Ibis ser.10, vol.1, no.3 p.436-437",null,null,null,null,null,"Auckland Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31D1E900",null,null,"Auckland Islands.","A Reference List of the Birds of New Zealand. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85342#page/524/mode/1up","Myiomoira macrocephala marrineri"],["20453","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica rosea","Gould, 1840","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.142","Rose Robin","Rose Robin","Rose Robin",null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to southwestern Victoria); winters westward to Mount Lofty Range and north to Blackdown Tableland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704822","rosrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rosrob1","avibase-8CB75D93",null,null,"Hunter River, New South Wales.","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/672/mode/1up","Petroica rosea"],["20454","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica rodinogaster","(Drapiez, 1819)","Annales Générales des Sciences Physiques 2 p.341 pl.29","Pink Robin","Pink Robin","Pink Robin",null,null,"southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704825","pinrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinrob1","avibase-517E978A",null,null,"Maria Island, Tasmania.",null,null,"Saxicola Rodinogaster"],["20455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica rodinogaster inexpectata","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern New South Wales to southern Victoria); winters to west to southeastern South Australia and northward to Sydney, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4587824",null,null,"Victoria = Gippsland, Victoria, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 168.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/328/mode/1up","Petroica rodinogaster inexpectata"],["20456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica rodinogaster rodinogaster","(Drapiez, 1819)","Annales Générales des Sciences Physiques 2 p.341 pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-506D156A",null,null,"Maria Island, Tasmania.",null,null,"Saxicola Rodinogaster"],["20457","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica phoenicea","Gould, 1837","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.7 fig.2,text","Flame Robin","Flame Robin","Flame Robin",null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (northeastern New South Wales to Grampians, western Victoria, Tasmania, formerly Mount Lofty Range); winters westward to Mount Lofty Range and northward to southeastern Queensland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704819","flarob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flarob1","avibase-D3766504",null,null,"New Holland = Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 449.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/37/mode/1up","Petroica phoenicea"],["20458","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica boodang","(Lesson, 1837)","Journal de la Navigation Autour du Globe de la Frégate la Thétis et de la Corvette l'Espérance pendant les années 1824, 1825 et 1826 . Publié par ordre du Roi sous les auspices du Département de la Marine par M. le Baron de Bougainville Capitaine de vaisseau ... &c. 2 p.322","Scarlet Robin","Scarlet Robin","Scarlet Robin",null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735719","scarob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scarob2","avibase-082099D1",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k503778f/f339.item.r=Journal%20de%20la%20navigation%20autour%20du%20globe%20de%20la%20fr%C3%A9gate%22la%20Th%C3%A9tis%22","Muscicapa boodang"],["20459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica boodang leggii","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A2E5FEB",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/183/mode/1up","Petroeca leggii"],["20460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica boodang campbelli","Sharpe, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Geraldton to Hopetoun)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D1DA60C",null,null,"Western Australia = near Albany, Western Australia, fide Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 82.","[Description of a Robin-Flycatcher from Southern and Western Australia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/542/mode/1up","Petroeca campbelli"],["20461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica boodang boodang","(Lesson, 1837)","Journal de la Navigation Autour du Globe de la Frégate la Thétis et de la Corvette l'Espérance pendant les années 1824, 1825 et 1826 . Publié par ordre du Roi sous les auspices du Département de la Marine par M. le Baron de Bougainville Capitaine de vaisseau ... &c. 2 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Caloundra, southeastern Queensland to Eyre Peninsula, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D5778E1",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k503778f/f339.item.r=Journal%20de%20la%20navigation%20autour%20du%20globe%20de%20la%20fr%C3%A9gate%22la%20Th%C3%A9tis%22","Muscicapa boodang"],["20462","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica archboldi","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.5","Snow Mountain Robin","Snow Mountain Robin","Snow Mountain Robin",null,null,"New Guinea (Mount Wilhelmina and Mount Carstensz)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704799","snmrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snmrob1","avibase-D7B7C65F",null,null,"Mt. Wilhelmina, Oranje Mountains, New Guinea; altitude 4,100 meters.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Petroica archboldi"],["20463","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica bivittata","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.376","Mountain Robin","Subalpine Robin","Subalpine Robin",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704795","alprob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alprob1","avibase-C752BDF3",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley; altitude 12,200 feet.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/434/mode/1up","Petroeca bivittata"],["20464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica bivittata caudata","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central New Guinea (Snow and Nassau mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E50DD81D",null,null,"northeast of Lake Habbema, Oranje Mountains; altitude 2,850 meters.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New birds from the 1938-1939 Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Petroica bivittata caudata"],["20465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica bivittata bivittata","De Vis, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1919C511",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley; altitude 12,200 feet.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/434/mode/1up","Petroeca bivittata"],["20466","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica multicolor","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.944","Norfolk Robin","Norfolk Robin","Norfolk Island Robin",null,null,"Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103734824","pacrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacrob2","avibase-CC3C088D",null,null,"Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/445/mode/1up","Muscicapa multicolor"],["20467","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica goodenovii","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.245","Red-capped Robin","Red-capped Robin","Red-capped Robin",null,null,"Australia (except far north, wetter southern and eastern fringes, and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704816","recrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recrob1","avibase-A70DE4FC",null,null,"south coast of New Holland = South Australia, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 304.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/254/mode/1up","Muscicapa goodenovii"],["20468","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica polymorpha","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.714 p.11-12","Solomons Robin","Solomons Robin",null,"2025-0959","Taxon <em>polymorpha</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Petroica pusilla</em> (polytypic) based on a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Kearns et al. 2020), supported by biogeography. However, geographic patterns of phenotypic differentiation are complex, and both species contain multiple plumage morphs, complicating diagnosis.","Solomon Islands",null,null,null,"pacrob3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacrob3","avibase-978ECDF0",null,null,"San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 29. Notes on the genus Petroica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4539/","Petroica multicolor polymorpha"],["20469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica polymorpha septentrionalis","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.714 p.14-16",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4DFE307",null,null,"Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 29. Notes on the genus Petroica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4539/","Petroica multicolor septentrionalis"],["20470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica polymorpha kulambangrae","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.714 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AE3CFE8",null,null,"Kulambangara Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 29. Notes on the genus Petroica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4539/","Petroica multicolor kulambangrae"],["20471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica polymorpha dennisi","Cain & Galbraith, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.7 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CCDA322",null,null,"Guadalcanal (mountains).","Five new subspecies from the mountains of Guadalcanal (British Solomon Islands).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/135/mode/1up","Petroica multicolor dennisi"],["20472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica polymorpha polymorpha","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.714 p.11-12",null,null,null,null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2AF3D3D",null,null,"San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 29. Notes on the genus Petroica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4539/","Petroica multicolor polymorpha"],["20473","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.93, pl. 25, fig. 3","Pacific Robin","Pacific Robin",null,"2025-0959","Taxon <em>polymorpha</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Petroica pusilla</em> (polytypic) based on a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Kearns et al. 2020), supported by biogeography. However, geographic patterns of phenotypic differentiation are complex, and both species contain multiple plumage morphs, complicating diagnosis.","Vanuatu, Fiji, and Samoa",null,null,null,"pacrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacrob1","avibase-7F84E3A3",null,null,"Upolu, Samoan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/113/mode/1up","Petroica pusilla"],["20474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla soror","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.714 p.9, 11",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Lava (Banks Group)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-852E1ABB",null,null,"Vanua Lava, Banks Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 29. Notes on the genus Petroica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4539/","Petroica multicolor soror"],["20475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla ambrynensis","Sharpe, 1900","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.22 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu and Banks Group",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4874C9C",null,null,"Ambryn (= Ambrym), New Hebrides [Vanuatu]","On a Collection of Birds made by Captain A. M. Farquhar, R.N., in the New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/395/mode/1up","Petroica ambrynensis"],["20476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla feminina","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.714 p.8-9",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu (Efate and Mai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D2F316C",null,null,"Mai (= Emae) Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 29. Notes on the genus Petroica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4539/","Petroica multicolor feminina"],["20477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla cognata","Mayr, 1938","American Museum Novitates no.986 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu (Erromango Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-655383B7",null,null,"Erromanga Island, southern New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 38. On a collection from Erromanga, New Hebrides.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3820/","Petroica multicolor cognata"],["20478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla tannensis","Kearns & Omland, 2015","The Emu 115 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu (Tanna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01EB9185",null,null,"Tanna Island, Vanuatu","Distinctiveness of Pacific Robin subspecies in Vanuatu revealed from disparate patterns of sexual dichromatism, plumage colouration, morphometrics and ancient DNA.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276175902","Petroica multicolor tannensis"],["20479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla similis","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu (Aneityum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0016E0FE",null,null,"Aneityum, New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/27/mode/1up","Petroica similis"],["20480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla kleinschmidti","Finsch, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.643",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (Viti Levu and Vanua Levu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0C2996B",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji.","Characters of six new Polynesian Birds in the Museum Godeffroy at Hamburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/807/mode/1up","Petroica kleinschmidti"],["20481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla taveunensis","Holyoak, 1979","The Emu 79, no.1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Taveuni (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31F63F2C",null,null,"Taveuni, Fiji","Notes on the birds of Viti Levu and Taveuni, Fiji.",null,"Petroica multicolor taveunensis"],["20482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla becki","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.714 p.5-6",null,null,null,null,null,"Kadavu (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A4D9AE2",null,null,"Kandavu.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 29. Notes on the genus Petroica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4539/","Petroica multicolor becki"],["20483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Petroica pusilla pusilla","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.93, pl. 25, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Samoa (Upolu and Savai'i)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F3A99BA",null,null,"Upolu, Samoan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/113/mode/1up","Petroica pusilla"],["20484","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Devioeca","Mathews, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 no.296 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Microeca papuana [Meyer, AB, 1875]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/121/mode/1up","Devioeca"],["20485","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Devioeca papuana","(Meyer, 1875)","Mittheilungen aus dem Koeniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden 1 p.9","Canary Flyrobin","Canary Flyrobin","Canary Flyrobin",null,null,"montane forest of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704789","canfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/canfly2","avibase-4746C823",null,null,"Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98741#page/25/mode/1up","Microeca papuana"],["20486","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Kempiella","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Kempiella kempi [Mathews, 1913]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"New genera and species","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/30/mode/1up","Kempiella"],["20487","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Kempiella flavovirescens","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.178","Olive Flyrobin","Olive Flyrobin","Olive Flyrobin",null,null,"New Guinea including west Papuan islands, Aru Islands, and Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704786","olifly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olifly3","avibase-FD1036BD",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/244/mode/1up","Microeca? flavovirescens"],["20488","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Kempiella griseoceps","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.101","Yellow-legged Flyrobin","Yellow-legged Flyrobin","Yellow-legged Flyrobin",null,null,"New Guinea and northern Cape York Peninsula (far northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704782","yelfly4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelfly4","avibase-413503AF",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=31","Microeca griseoceps"],["20489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Kempiella griseoceps occidentalis","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.3 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B7B9B1E",null,null,"Warmendi, Arfak Mountains.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Page 231).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/507/mode/1up","Microeca griseiceps occidentalis"],["20490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Kempiella griseoceps griseoceps","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA36BDF4",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=31","Microeca griseoceps"],["20491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Kempiella griseoceps kempi","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E61DA657",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.","New genera and species","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/30/mode/1up","Kempiella kempi"],["20492","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Cryptomicroeca","Christidis, Irestedt, Rowe et al., 2012","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61.3 (2011) 726-738.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Eopsaltria flaviventris [Sharpe, 1903]; type by original designation",null,"Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins (Passeriformes: Petroicidae).",null,"Cryptomicroeca"],["20493","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Cryptomicroeca flaviventris","(Sharpe, 1903)","A hand-list of the genera and species of birds 4 p.315","Yellow-bellied Flyrobin","Yellow-bellied Flyrobin","Yellow-bellied Robin",null,null,"forest of Grande Terre and Ile des Pins (New Caledonia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704857","yebrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebrob1","avibase-ABDDA6D0",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116877#page/333/mode/1up","Eopsaltria flaviventris"],["20494","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Monachella","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Monachella saxicolina [Salvadori, 1874]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa muelleriana Schlegel, 1871",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/96/mode/1up","Monachella"],["20495","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Monachella muelleriana","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.40","Torrent Flyrobin","Torrent Flyrobin",null,"2025-0963","Taxon <em>coultasi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Monachella muelleriana</em> based on available evidence. Phenotypic differentiation is limited, reported vocal differences have not been formally analysed, and genetic data are lacking; further research would be informative.","New Guinea and New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,"torfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/torfly1","avibase-AF9B5051",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/52/mode/1up","Muscicapa Mülleriana"],["20496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Monachella muelleriana muelleriana","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"swift-flowing streams of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06999DE0",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/52/mode/1up","Muscicapa Mülleriana"],["20497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Monachella muelleriana coultasi","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.709 p.14-15",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCB5FC35",null,null,"Andomgi River, Wide Bay, New Britain; altitude 2,500 feet.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 28. Notes on some Birds from New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4500/","Monachella muelleriana coultasi"],["20498","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Microeca assimilis [Gould, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/898/mode/1up","Microeca"],["20499","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca fascinans","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlvi","Jacky Winter","Jacky-winter","Jacky Winter",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea and Australia (except Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704769","jacwin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jacwin1","avibase-C5A5486E",null,null,"Port Jackson, New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/52/mode/1up","Loxia fascinans"],["20500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca fascinans zimmeri","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CA91ED0",null,null,"Port Moresby [southeastern New Guinea]. July 11, 1920; J. T. Zimmer","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Microeca leucophaea zimmeri"],["20501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca fascinans pallida","De Vis, 1884","The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, and northwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90BDDB15",null,null,"Kimberley, mouth of Norman River, northwestern Queensland.","Notes on the Fauna of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Description of the new species referred to in the above list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/138530#page/229/mode/1up","Micraeca pallida"],["20502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca fascinans fascinans","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlvi",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to Mount Lofty Range, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C792534A",null,null,"Port Jackson, New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/52/mode/1up","Loxia fascinans"],["20503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca fascinans assimilis","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to southern Northern Territory and northwestern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31C7D239",null,null,"Swan River, Western Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/898/mode/1up","Microeca assimilis"],["20504","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca hemixantha","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.55","Golden-bellied Flyrobin","Golden-bellied Flyrobin","Tanimbar Flyrobin",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat, Yamdena, and Lutu)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704773","gobfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobfly2","avibase-00A4E68D",null,null,"Larat and Lutu, Timorlaut = Tanimbar.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/109/mode/1up","Microeca hemixantha"],["20505","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca flavigaster","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.132","Lemon-bellied Flyrobin","Lemon-bellied Flyrobin",null,"2025-0961","Taxon <em>tormenti </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Microeca flavigaster</em> based on available evidence. Morphological differentiation is slight, plumage differences are limited to the presence/absence of flavenoid pigmentation, and hybridization occurs. In addition, formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data are lacking; further research needed.","woodland of New Guinea (except Bird's Head Peninsula), Torres Strait Islands, and northern Australia",null,null,null,"lebfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lebfly3","avibase-42231432",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/284/mode/1up","Microeca flavigaster"],["20506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca flavigaster laeta","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"woodland in lowlands of northern New Guinea from Wondiwoi Peninsula (southern Cenderawasih Bay region) eastward to Madang (Astrolabe Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F039CBD3",null,null,"near Wandammen (Vandamen), New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/336/mode/1up","Microeca laeta"],["20507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca flavigaster tarara","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1074 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"woodland in lowlands of southern New Guinea from Mimika River (southwestern New Guinea) to western sector of the southeastern peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D1A4EF8",null,null,"Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Western Division, Territory of Papua, New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 27. Ten new Birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4865/","Microeca flavigaster tarara"],["20508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca flavigaster flavissima","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea east of Markham River, northeastern Australia (southwestern Torres Strait islands, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F2BCE9A",null,null,"Moitaka, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Microeca flavigaster flavissima"],["20509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca flavigaster laetissima","Rothschild, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region south to Sarina, east-central Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7956581D",null,null,"Cardwell, Queensland.","Description of a new Flycatcher from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/328/mode/1up","Microeca flavigaster laetissima"],["20510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca flavigaster flavigaster","Gould, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (eastern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, northern Northern Territory including Tiwi Islands, and northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACFAC0A0",null,null,"Port Essington, Northern Territory.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/284/mode/1up","Microeca flavigaster"],["20511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Microeca flavigaster tormenti","Mathews, 1916","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 3, no.3 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (coastal Pilbara region and western Kimberley region, Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BDC8B1F",null,null,"Point Torment, northwestern Australia.","List of additions of new sub-species to, and changes in, my List of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103880#page/72/mode/1up","Microeca brunneicauda tormenti"],["20512","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Drymodes","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymodes brunneopygia [Gould, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/896/mode/1up","Drymodes"],["20513","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Drymodes brunneopygia","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.170","Southern Scrub Robin","Southern Scrub-Robin","Southern Scrub-robin",null,null,"southern Australia (Shark Bay to Flinders Ranges, Yorke Peninsula, east-central South Australia, southwestern and central New South Wales, and northern Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704928","sosrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sosrob1","avibase-0608D05C",null,null,"belts of the Murray in South Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/896/mode/1up","Drymodes brunneopygia"],["20514","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Drymodes superciliaris","Gould, 1850","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.105","Northern Scrub Robin","Northern Scrub-Robin","Northern Scrub-robin",null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103737960","nosrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nosrob1","avibase-5FB7840A",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.","A brief Account of the Researches in Natural History of John M'Gillivray, Esq., the naturalist attached to H. M. surveying Ship the Rattlesnake, on the North-eastern Coasts of Australia, New Guinea, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/168/mode/1up","Drymodes superciliaris"],["20515","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Drymodes beccarii","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.965","Papuan Scrub Robin","Papuan Scrub-Robin","Papuan Scrub-robin",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103737970","papscr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papscr2","avibase-89BA2C94",null,null,"Profi, 3400 ft., Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/971/mode/1up","Drymoedus beccarii"],["20516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Drymodes beccarii beccarii","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.965",null,null,null,null,null,"western, southern, and southeastern New Guinea, including Aru Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD86723A",null,null,"Profi, 3400 ft., Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/971/mode/1up","Drymoedus beccarii"],["20517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Drymodes beccarii nigriceps","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1074 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains and northern slope of Snow Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E29B74F",null,null,"Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Netherlands New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 27. Ten new Birds from New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4865/","Drymodes superciliaris nigriceps"],["20518","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Heteromyias","Sharpe, 1879","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.239",null,null,null,"2025-0985","A revised genus-level taxonomy for the Microecinae and Eopsaltriinae recognizes 11 genera based mostly on the multilocus DNA data of Christidis et al. (2011) and Loynes et al. (2009) with some minor revisions. Within the Eopsaltriinae, <em>Peneothello </em>is placed in <em>Melanodryas</em>, while <em>Gennaeodryas</em>, <em>Quoyornis</em>, and <em>Tregellasia </em>are placed in <em>Eopsaltria</em>, and taxon <em>brachyurus </em>is transferred from <em>Poecilodryas </em>to <em>Heteromyias </em>following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Poecilodryas cinereifrons [E.P. Ramsay, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/257/mode/1up","Heteromyias"],["20519","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Heteromyias cinereifrons","(Ramsay, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.588","Grey-headed Robin","Gray-headed Robin","Grey-headed Robin",null,null,"northeastern Australia (upland Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103753555","gyhrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhrob2","avibase-6C122D2F",null,null,"near Cardwell, Rockingham Bay.","List of Birds met with in North-eastern Queensland, chiefly at Rockingham Bay.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/744/mode/1up","Poecilodryas? cinereifrons"],["20520","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Heteromyias albispecularis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.931","Ashy Robin","Arfak Robin","Arfak Robin","2025-0964","Taxon <em>armiti </em>(polytypic, including <em>rothschildi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Heteromyias albispecularis</em> based on differences in plumage and voice, following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016). In addition, taxon <em>centralis </em>is subsumed under <em>rothschildi </em>and <em>atricapilla </em>under nominate <em>armiti </em>following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016); genetic data would be informative.","northwestern New Guinea (Tamrau and Arfak mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103753407","gyhrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhrob1","avibase-1A2A03C3",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/937/mode/1up","Pachycephala albispecularis"],["20521","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Heteromyias armiti","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices p.101","Black-capped Robin","Black-capped Robin","Black-capped Robin","2025-0964","Taxon <em>armiti </em>(polytypic, including <em>rothschildi</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Heteromyias albispecularis</em> based on differences in plumage and voice, following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016). In addition, taxon <em>centralis </em>is subsumed under <em>rothschildi </em>and <em>atricapilla </em>under nominate <em>armiti </em>following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016); genetic data would be informative.","montane west-central, east-central, and southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103753484","ashrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashrob2","avibase-0B0E50E0",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=31","Poecilodryas armiti"],["20522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Heteromyias armiti rothschildi","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central to east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AA31899",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Snow Mountains.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/89/mode/1up","Heteromyias albispecularis rothschildi"],["20523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Heteromyias armiti armiti","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Adelbert Range and Huon Peninsula (northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00D1023F",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=31","Poecilodryas armiti"],["20524","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Plesiodryas","Mathews, 1920","The birds of Australia 8 p.185.",null,null,null,"2025-0962","Taxon <em>albonotata </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Plesiodryas </em>based on multilocus DNA data (Christidis et al. 2011), supported by juvenile plumage and niche differences.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Megalestes albonotatus [Salvadori, 1875]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226277#page/363/mode/1up","Plesiodryas"],["20525","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Plesiodryas albonotata","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.770","Black-throated Robin","Black-throated Robin","Black-throated Robin",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704883","bltrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltrob1","avibase-553BC5D4",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/776/mode/1up","Megalestes albonotatus"],["20526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Plesiodryas albonotata albonotata","(Salvadori, 1875)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.770",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7400AD5",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/776/mode/1up","Megalestes albonotatus"],["20527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Plesiodryas albonotata griseiventris","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.3 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45D54A32",null,null,"Mt. Goliath, Snow Mountains; altitude to 5,000 feet.","List of the collections of birds made by Albert S. Meek in the lower ranges of the Snow mountains, on the Eilanden River, and on Mount Goliath during the years 1910 and 1911.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/520/mode/1up","Poecilodryas (Megalestes) albonotata griseiventris"],["20528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Plesiodryas albonotata correcta","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula and southeastern peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8B9CED1",null,null,"Mt. Cameron, Owen Stanley Range, southeastern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/88/mode/1up","Poecilodryas albonotatus correctus"],["20529","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Leucophantes","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.691,textfig.",null,null,null,"2025-1094","Taxon <em>brachyurus </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Leucophantes </em>based on an analysis of mitochondrial DNA data. Sometimes placed in <em>Heteromyias </em>(Beehler &amp; Pratt 2016) based on shared morphological features, or <em>Poecilodryas</em>, mitochondrial DNA data recovered it as a deeply diverged lineage that is sister to <em>Poecilodryas sensu stricto.</em>",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leucophantes brachyurus [P. L. Sclater]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/833/mode/1up","Leucophantes"],["20530","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Leucophantes brachyurus","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.691 pl.53","Black-chinned Robin","Black-chinned Robin","Black-chinned Robin",null,null,"northwestern and northern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704869","blcrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcrob1","avibase-789991C9",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains; error: Andai, northwestern New Guinea, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 142.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/833/mode/1up","Leucophantes brachyurus"],["20531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Leucophantes brachyurus brachyurus","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.691 pl.53",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula, Wandammen, and Weyland mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8391FD5D",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains; error: Andai, northwestern New Guinea, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 142.","Characters of new Species of Birds discovered in New Guinea by Signor d'Albertis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/833/mode/1up","Leucophantes brachyurus"],["20532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Leucophantes brachyurus albotaeniatus","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Cenderawasih Bay region), including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA66624C",null,null,"Jobi (= Japen) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35268#page/546/mode/1up","Amaurodryas albotaeniata"],["20533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Leucophantes brachyurus dumasi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1915)","Ibis ser.10, Jubilee suppl. no.2 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Humboldt Bay to Sepik River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5C7F2F1",null,null,"northern New Guinea = near Humboldt Bay, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 142.","Report on the Birds collected by the British Ornithologists' Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100945#page/199/mode/1up","Poecilodryas brachyura dumasi"],["20534","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Poecilodryas","Gould, 1865","Handbook to the birds of Australia 1 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Petroica cerviniventris [Gould, 1858]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4, p. 240).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47649#page/301/mode/1up","Poecilodryas"],["20535","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Poecilodryas hypoleuca","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.155","Black-sided Robin","Black-sided Robin","Black-sided Robin",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704872","blsrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blsrob2","avibase-A4623B67",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), Vogelkop.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/215/mode/1up","Petroica hypoleuca"],["20536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Poecilodryas hypoleuca steini","Stresemann & Paludan, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 38, no.1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E40874B3",null,null,"Waigeo.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. I. Die Vögel von Waigeu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22934#page/177/mode/1up","Poecilodryas hypoleuca steini"],["20537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Poecilodryas hypoleuca hypoleuca","(Gray, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea to Port Moresby area, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B41771A",null,null,"Dorey (= Manokwari), Vogelkop.","List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey or Dorery, New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/215/mode/1up","Petroica hypoleuca"],["20538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Poecilodryas hypoleuca hermani","Madarász, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Mamberamo River to upper Watut River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68D90406",null,null,"Finisterrre Mountains, eastern New Guinea = Bongu, eastern Astrolabe Bay, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 142, 224.","[Two apparently new species of birds from the Finisterre Mountains in Eastern New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/145/mode/1up","Poecilodryas hermani"],["20539","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Poecilodryas superciliosa","(Gould, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.165 p.106","White-browed Robin","White-browed Robin","White-browed Robin",null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula to Wet Tropics region; Bowen southward to Sarina, northern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735674","whbrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbrob2","avibase-09BEFD87",null,null,"near Burdekin Lakes, north-central Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/474/mode/1up","Petroica superciliosa"],["20540","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Poecilodryas cerviniventris","(Gould, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.221-222","Buff-sided Robin","Buff-sided Robin","Buff-sided Robin",null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735669","busrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/busrob1","avibase-055E5B40",null,null,"Victoria River, northwestern Australia.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/233/mode/1up","Petroica? cerviniventris"],["20541","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.492",null,null,null,"2025-0985","A revised genus-level taxonomy for the Microecinae and Eopsaltriinae recognizes 11 genera based mostly on the multilocus DNA data of Christidis et al. (2011) and Loynes et al. (2009) with some minor revisions. Within the Eopsaltriinae, <em>Peneothello </em>is placed in <em>Melanodryas</em>, while <em>Gennaeodryas</em>, <em>Quoyornis</em>, and <em>Tregellasia </em>are placed in <em>Eopsaltria</em>, and taxon <em>brachyurus </em>is transferred from <em>Poecilodryas </em>to <em>Heteromyias </em>following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla australis [Shaw, 1790]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/666/mode/1up","Eopsaltria"],["20542","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria placens","Ramsay, 1879","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.3 p.272","Banded Yellow Robin","Banded Yellow Robin","Banded Yellow Robin",null,null,"patchily distributed New Guinea, including Batanta (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704880","olyrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olyrob1","avibase-355D96C0",null,null,"Goldie River, southeastern New Guinea.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/324/mode/1up","Eopsaltria placens"],["20543","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria australis","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.239,pl.","Eastern Yellow Robin","Eastern Yellow Robin","Eastern Yellow Robin",null,null,"eastern and southeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704849","yelrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelrob1","avibase-FB313820",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/319/mode/1up","Motacilla Australis"],["20544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria australis chrysorrhos","Gould, 1869","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.20 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, southward to Hunter River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAE98356",null,null,"eastern New South Wales.","XII. Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from Queensland, Australia ; and a new Humming-bird from the Bahamas'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/123/mode/1up","Eopsaltria chrysorrhos"],["20545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria australis australis","(Shaw, 1790)","Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five plates of Non-descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions appendix p.239,pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (inland southeastern Queensland to Salt Creek, southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A8AD521",null,null,"New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181420#page/319/mode/1up","Motacilla Australis"],["20546","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria griseogularis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.2","Western Yellow Robin","Western Yellow Robin","Western Yellow Robin",null,null,"southwestern and south-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704853","gybrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybrob1","avibase-6BD534AC",null,null,"Swan River, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/304/mode/1up","Eopsaltria griseogularis"],["20547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria griseogularis griseogularis","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (forests from Perth to Albany)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F039E747",null,null,"Swan River, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/304/mode/1up","Eopsaltria griseogularis"],["20548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria griseogularis rosinae","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Shark Bay to Eyre Peninsula, South Australia; excludes forested southwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD79E8BA",null,null,"Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/341/mode/1up","Pachycephala australis rosinae"],["20549","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria georgiana","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.175 AtlasOis. pl.3 fig.4","White-breasted Robin","White-breasted Robin","White-breasted Robin",null,null,"southwestern Western Australia (Kalbarri to Esperance)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704860","whbrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbrob1","avibase-F5B2C19F",null,null,"King George Sound, southwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/233/mode/1up","Muscicapa georgiana"],["20550","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria capito","Gould, 1854","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.236 p.285","Pale-yellow Robin","Pale-yellow Robin","Pale-yellow Robin",null,null,"eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704846","payrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/payrob1","avibase-42D29B35",null,null,"Brisbane River, 'New South Wales' (i. e., Queensland).","Descriptions of a new species of Ptilotis and a new species of Eöpsaltria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/345/mode/1up","Eopsaltria Capito"],["20551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria capito nana","Ramsay, 1878","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.2, pt.4 p.372-374",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A09E8F7A",null,null,"Dalrymple's Gap, near Cardwell, Queensland.","Description of a new species of Rhipidura, from Torres Straits ? and of a new species of Eopsaltria, from the Rockingham Bay district, with remarks on some rare Quennsland Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22891#page/388/mode/1up","Eopsaltria nana"],["20552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria capito capito","Gould, 1854","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.236 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"central eastern Australia (K'gari/Fraser Island, southeastern Queensland to Hunter River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B27B1B5",null,null,"Brisbane River, 'New South Wales' (i. e., Queensland).","Descriptions of a new species of Ptilotis and a new species of Eöpsaltria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/345/mode/1up","Eopsaltria Capito"],["20553","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.921","White-faced Robin","White-faced Robin","White-faced Robin",null,null,"New Guinea and northeastern Cape York Peninsula (far northeastern Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704843","whfrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfrob1","avibase-8AF3DD10",null,null,"Profi and Mori (= Mt. Moari), Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/927/mode/1up","Leucophantes leucops"],["20554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops leucops","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.921",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D437C780",null,null,"Profi and Mori (= Mt. Moari), Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/927/mode/1up","Leucophantes leucops"],["20555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops mayri","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Wandammen and Weyland mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-687EF5C9",null,null,"Mt. Wondiwoi, Wandammen Peninsula.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/87/mode/1up","Poecilodryas leucops mayri"],["20556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops heurni","(Hartert, 1932)","Nova Guinea 15, no.5 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Weyland Mountains and upper Mamberamo River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F320AE7E",null,null,"Doormanpadbivak, Mamberano Mountains.","Liste der Vögel aus Neuguinea im Buitenzorger Museum in Java.",null,"Poecilodryas leucops heurni"],["20557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops nigroorbitalis","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.3 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Nassau and Snow mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C9BE3A1",null,null,"Snow Mountains (Utakwa River).","List of the collections of birds made by Albert S. Meek in the lower ranges of the Snow mountains, on the Eilanden River, and on Mount Goliath during the years 1910 and 1911.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/521/mode/1up","Poecilodryas leucops nigro-orbitalis"],["20558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops nigriceps","(Neumann, 1922)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 15 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (Victor Emanuel and Snow mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4C89C35",null,null,"Hunsteinspitze, Sepik Mountains.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen und polynesischen Inselreich.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101651#page/257/mode/1up","Poecilodryas leucops nigriceps"],["20559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops melanogenys","(Meyer, 1893)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 4, no.3 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains to Aicora River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-914638C2",null,null,"Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula; altitude ca. 800 meters.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104468#page/148/mode/1up","Poecilodryas melanogenys"],["20560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops wahgiensis","(Mayr & Gilliard, 1952)","American Museum Novitates no.1577 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5810E23",null,null,"Kubor Mountains, Mandated Territory of New Guinea; altitude ca. 6,000 feet.","Six new subspecies of birds from the highlands of New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4053/","Tregellasia leucops wahgiensis"],["20561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops albifacies","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A83FB98",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains, southeastern New Guinea = Chogeri (Sogeri) district, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 141, 224.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/332/mode/1up","Poecilodryas albifacies"],["20562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops auricularis","(Mayr & Rand, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern New Guinea (Orimo River region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECE4FF1E",null,null,"Wuroi (lowlands), Oriomo River, Territory of Papua; January 23, 1934; R. Archbold and A. L. Rand.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Microeca leucops auricularis"],["20563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Eopsaltria leucops albigularis","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1907)","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-693F5C82",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.","List of a collection of birds made by Mr. A. S. Meek in the Mountains on the Upper Aroa River, and on the Angabunga River, British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/479/mode/1up","Poecilodryas leucops albigularis"],["20564","genus","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas","Gould, 1865","Handbook to the birds of Australia 1 p.283",null,null,null,"2025-0985","A revised genus-level taxonomy for the Microecinae and Eopsaltriinae recognizes 11 genera based mostly on the multilocus DNA data of Christidis et al. (2011) and Loynes et al. (2009) with some minor revisions. Within the Eopsaltriinae, <em>Peneothello </em>is placed in <em>Melanodryas</em>, while <em>Gennaeodryas</em>, <em>Quoyornis</em>, and <em>Tregellasia </em>are placed in <em>Eopsaltria</em>, and taxon <em>brachyurus </em>is transferred from <em>Poecilodryas </em>to <em>Heteromyias </em>following Beehler &amp; Pratt (2016).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa cucullata [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47649#page/297/mode/1up","Melanodryas"],["20565","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas vittata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.173 AtlasOis. pl.3 fig.2","Dusky Robin","Dusky Robin","Dusky Robin",null,null,"Tasmania and Bass Strait islands (southeastern Australia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704840","dusrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusrob1","avibase-F3FC656C",null,null,"'le port du Roi-Georges, à la Nouvelle-Hollande'; error: Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/231/mode/1up","Muscicapa vittata"],["20566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas vittata vittata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.173 AtlasOis. pl.3 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DFB7419",null,null,"'le port du Roi-Georges, à la Nouvelle-Hollande'; error: Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/231/mode/1up","Muscicapa vittata"],["20567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas vittata kingi","(Mathews, 1914)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"King Island (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34A33A52",null,null,"King Island, Bass Strait, Australia","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/110/mode/1up","Amaurodryas vittata kingi"],["20568","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cucullata","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.li","Hooded Robin","Hooded Robin","Hooded Robin",null,null,"Australia (except far north and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704837","hoorob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoorob1","avibase-547BFE9C",null,null,"'Nova Hollandia' = Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 450.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/57/mode/1up","Muscicapa cucullata"],["20569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cucullata melvillensis","(Zietz, 1914)","South Australian Ornithologist 1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory); possibly extinct, last confirmed record 1992)","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-274FB75A",null,null,"Melville Island.",null,"https://birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume1/1914V1_1P011.pdf","Petroica cucullata melvillensis"],["20570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cucullata picata","Gould, 1865","Handbook to the birds of Australia 1 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia eastward to northern Queensland, and southward to northwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9062979B",null,null,"northwestern Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47649#page/299/mode/1up","Melanodryas picata"],["20571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cucullata cucullata","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.li",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to Yorke Peninsula, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D029AD16",null,null,"'Nova Hollandia' = Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 450.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/57/mode/1up","Muscicapa cucullata"],["20572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cucullata westralensis","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia to southwestern Australia eastward to southern Northern Territory and Eyre Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD27E899",null,null,"Perth, southwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/330/mode/1up","Petroica cucullata westralensis"],["20573","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas bimaculata","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.84","White-rumped Robin","White-rumped Robin","White-rumped Robin",null,null,"New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704900","whrrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrrob2","avibase-08F565B0",null,null,"Putat, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/98/mode/1up","Myiolestes? bimaculatus"],["20574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas bimaculata bimaculata","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A07CD8A",null,null,"Putat, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/98/mode/1up","Myiolestes? bimaculatus"],["20575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas bimaculata vicaria","(De Vis, 1892)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1890 to 30th June 1891 with Appendices p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea and Huon Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60897FE4",null,null,"Mt. Suckling, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-84490144/view?sectionId=nla.obj-111311216&partId=nla.obj-84529986#page/n121/mode/1up","Poecilodryas vicaria"],["20576","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas sigillata","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.59","White-winged Robin","White-winged Robin","White-winged Robin",null,null,"montane central and eastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704886","whwrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwrob2","avibase-456CEEC0",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=59","Poecilodryas? sigillata"],["20577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas sigillata saruwagedi","(Mayr, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 p.680",null,null,null,null,null,"montane north-eastern New Guinea (mountains of Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ED5D8D0",null,null,"Mongi Busu, Saruwaged Mountains.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Poecilodryas sigillata saruwagedi"],["20578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas sigillata quadrimaculata","(van Oort, 1910)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXXII, Note XXIV p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western New Guinea (Nassau and Snow mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D63B387A",null,null,"Hellwig Mountains; altitude 2,600 meters.","Description of eight new birds collected by Mr. H. A. Lorentz in Southwestern New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/231/mode/1up","Poecilodryas quadrimaculatus"],["20579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas sigillata sigillata","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices App.G p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"montane east-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AACDA69",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=59","Poecilodryas? sigillata"],["20580","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas pulverulenta","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.358","Mangrove Robin","Mangrove Robin","Mangrove Robin","2025-0986","Taxon <em>pulverulenta </em>is placed in <em>Melanodryas</em> based on the modified generic classification adopted for the Petroicidae. Formerly placed in <em>Peneoenanthe</em>, multilocus DNA data (Christidis et al. 2011) recovered it embedded within <em>Peneothello</em>, which has now been subsumed in <em>Melanodryas</em>.","coastal New Guinea and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704863","manrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manrob1","avibase-F87556C7",null,null,"New Guinea = Utanata River, southern New Guinea, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 143",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/558/mode/1up","Myiolestes pulverulentus"],["20581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas pulverulenta pulverulenta","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands of New Guinea, and northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-164B6A7E",null,null,"New Guinea = Utanata River, southern New Guinea, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 143",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/558/mode/1up","Myiolestes pulverulentus"],["20582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas pulverulenta leucura","(Gould, 1869)","The birds of Australia. Supplement Suppl. pl.and text",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea) and northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45228D8D",null,null,"Cape York district.",null,null,"Eopsaltria leucura"],["20583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas pulverulenta alligator","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australian coast (northern Northern Territory, Tiwi islands, and Groote Eylandt)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8905BBDD",null,null,"Alligator River, Northern Territory.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/336/mode/1up","Pachycephala leucura alligator"],["20584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas pulverulenta cinereiceps","(Hartert, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.1 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Western Australia (North West Cape to Cape Keraudren; Roebuck Bay to Cambridge Gulf)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEED7152",null,null,"island near Hampton Harbour, midwestern Australia.","List of Birds collected in North-Western Australia and Arnhem-Land by Mr. J. T. Tunney.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/245/mode/1up","Poecilodryas cinereiceps"],["20585","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cyanus","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.84","Slaty Robin","Blue-gray Robin","Blue-grey Robin",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704896","bugrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bugrob1","avibase-D9B11F63",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/98/mode/1up","Myiolestes? cyanus"],["20586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cyanus cyanus","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54F654C9",null,null,"Hatam, Arfak Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/98/mode/1up","Myiolestes? cyanus"],["20587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cyanus atricapilla","(Hartert & Paludan, 1934)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and northern New Guinea eastward to Hindenburg Range, including Wandammen, Foja, Cyclops, and Bewani–Torricelli mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92F5F069",null,null,"Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mountains; altitude, 1,300 meters.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-32. II. Zur Ornithologie des Weyland-Gebirges in Niederländisch-Neuguinea.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0043-0046.pdf#page=3","Poecilodryas cyana atricapilla"],["20588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cyanus subcyanea","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"montane central highlands, northeastern (including Adelbert Mountains and Huon Peninsula), and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4215D61",null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/435/mode/1up","Poecilodryas subcyanea"],["20589","species","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cryptoleuca","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.67","Smoky Robin","Smoky Robin","Smoky Robin",null,null,"montane western New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704889","smorob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smorob2","avibase-9B423379",null,null,"Lehuma, Arfak Mountains.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/87/mode/1up","Poecilodryas cryptoleucus"],["20590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cryptoleuca cryptoleuca","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern New Guinea (Tamrau and Arfak mountains), and Foja Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FB601CB",null,null,"Lehuma, Arfak Mountains.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/87/mode/1up","Poecilodryas cryptoleucus"],["20591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cryptoleuca albidior","(Rothschild, 1931)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.2 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central New Guinea (Weyland, Gauttier, and Nassau mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9221D7EA",null,null,"Gebroeders Range, Weyland Mountains; altitude 6,000 feet.","On a collection of Birds made by Mr. F. Shaw Mayer in the Weyland Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, in 1930.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/287/mode/1up","Poecilodryas cryptoleucus albidior"],["20592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Petroicidae","Australasian Robins","Melanodryas cryptoleuca maxima","(Diamond, 1985)","The Emu 85, no.2 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western New Guinea (Kumawa Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-353B1A82",null,null,"on the south slope of the Kumawa Mountains, 1400 m, New Guinea","New distributional records and taxa from the outlying mountain ranges of New Guinea.",null,"Peneothello cryptoleucus maximus"],["20593","family","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliotidae",null,null,"Hyliotas","Hyliotas","Hyliotas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"hyliot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hyliot1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20594","genus","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.260 fig.229h",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hyliota flavigaster [Swainson, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1837, Natural History and Classification of Birds, 2, p. 260).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/284/mode/1up","Hyliota"],["20595","species","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota violacea","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.308","Violet-backed Hyliota","Violet-backed Hyliota","Violet-backed Hyliota",null,null,"forest, woodland, and edge of lowlands to hills from Sierra Leone eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715471","vibhyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vibhyl1","avibase-9187C7FC",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/330/mode/1up","Hyliota violacea"],["20596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota violacea nehrkorni","Hartlaub, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.15 p.373, pl. VIII",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia to Ghana and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2656DB46",null,null,"Accra, West Africa (= Ghana).","On a new Species of Flycatcher of the Genus Hyliota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/405/mode/1up","Hyliota nehrkorni"],["20597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota violacea violacea","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Nigeria and Cameroon to Gabon and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6318CD5D",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/330/mode/1up","Hyliota violacea"],["20598","species","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota flavigaster","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.260 fig.229h","Yellow-bellied Hyliota","Yellow-bellied Hyliota","Yellow-bellied Hyliota",null,null,"moist savanna and open woodland from Senegal eastward to central Ethiopia and western Kenya, and in the south to central Angola and central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715462","yebhyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebhyl1","avibase-0F82D614",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/284/mode/1up","Hyliota flavigaster"],["20599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota flavigaster flavigaster","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.260 fig.229h",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Sierra Leone, eastward to South Sudan, western Ethiopia, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50F51B39",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/284/mode/1up","Hyliota flavigaster"],["20600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota flavigaster barbozae","Hartlaub, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.163 p.329-331",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Victoria to Angola, Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84BAC3C1",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.","Die Gattung Hyliota Sw..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/341/mode/1up","Hyliota Barbozae"],["20601","species","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota usambara","Sclater, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.104","Usambara Hyliota","Usambara Hyliota","Usambara Hyliota",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest canopy, forest edge, and coffee plantations, on eastern Usambara Mountains in northeastern Tanzania",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715457","usahyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/usahyl1","avibase-BC190F25",null,null,"Amani, Usambara district, Tanganyika [Tanzania]; altitude 3,000 feet.","Description of a new race of Flycatcher of the genus Hyliota from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/138/mode/1up","Hyliota australis usambara"],["20602","species","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota australis","Shelley, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.22 p.258 pl.7 fig.1","Southern Hyliota","Southern Hyliota","Southern Hyliota",null,null,"woodland of western Cameroon, disjunctly in western Uganda and western Kenya, in south from northern Angola eastward to far western Tanzania and southward to southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715466","souhyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/souhyl1","avibase-F840409E",null,null,"Umvuli (= Umfuli) River, Mashonaland; restricted to Hartley Hills, lat. 18° 11' S., long. 30° 15' E., ca. 5 kilometers north of the Umfuli River, Mashonaland, Rhodesia, by Brooke, 1975, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 95, p. 91.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. J. S. Jameson in South-eastern Africa, with Notes by Mr. T. Ayres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/300/mode/1up","Hyliota australis"],["20603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota australis slatini","Sassi, 1915","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 51 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cameroon; northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F46C1803",null,null,"Beni, eastern Belgian Congo.","Einige neue Formen der innerafrikanischen Ornis aus der Kollection Grauer.",null,"Hyliota slatini"],["20604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota australis inornata","Vincent, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga), Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003B6D82",null,null,"Zobue, Tete district, Mozambique, lat. 15° 4r S., long. 34° 19' E.; altitude 2,200 feet.","Descriptions of four new species and eighteen new subspecies collected during the recent Portuguese East African Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/173/mode/1up","Hyliota australis inornata"],["20605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliotidae","Hyliotas","Hyliota australis australis","Shelley, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.22 p.258 pl.7 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C594DB14",null,null,"Umvuli (= Umfuli) River, Mashonaland; restricted to Hartley Hills, lat. 18° 11' S., long. 30° 15' E., ca. 5 kilometers north of the Umfuli River, Mashonaland, Rhodesia, by Brooke, 1975, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 95, p. 91.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. J. S. Jameson in South-eastern Africa, with Notes by Mr. T. Ayres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/300/mode/1up","Hyliota australis"],["20606","family","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Stenostiridae",null,null,"Fairy Flycatchers","Fairy Flycatchers","Fairy Flycatcher and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"stenos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stenos1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20607","genus","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Chelidorhynx","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.930",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rhipidura hypoxantha [Blyth, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/446/mode/1up","Chelidorhynx"],["20608","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.935-936","Yellow-bellied Fantail","Yellow-bellied Fairy-Fantail","Yellow-bellied Fairy-fantail",null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet, southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Tonkin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22706775","yebfan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfan1","avibase-CF0C0E5D",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/451/mode/1up","Rhipidura hypoxantha"],["20609","genus","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Stenostira","Cabanis & Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa scita [Vieillot, 1818]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/496/mode/1up","Stenostira"],["20610","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Stenostira scita","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.474","Fairy Flycatcher","Fairy Flycatcher","Fairy Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds scrub and fynbos of hills and mountains of southern South Africa; non-breeders reach southern Namibia to Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714939","faifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faifly1","avibase-D6F5D224",null,null,"Lower Orange River ex Levaillant (cf. Lawson, 1962, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 217).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/484/mode/1up","Muscicapa scita"],["20611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Stenostira scita scita","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern South Africa; winters northward to southern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00BE567F",null,null,"Lower Orange River ex Levaillant (cf. Lawson, 1962, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 217).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/484/mode/1up","Muscicapa scita"],["20612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Stenostira scita saturatior","Lawson, 1962","Durban Museum Novitates 6 (18) p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central South Africa; winters to Free State (South Africa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AD23862",null,null,"Lelykpoortjie, Tarkastad, eastern Cape Province.","Systematic notes on African birds I. 2. Geographical variation in the Fairy Flycatcher Stenostira scita (Vieillot).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1479","Stenostira scita saturatior"],["20613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Stenostira scita rudebecki","Clancey, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Lesotho; winters in northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F53D13A",null,null,"Umbeluzi River, near Lourenço Marques, southern Mozambique (probably = Transvaal high veld near Pretoria; cf. Clancey, 1966, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 515).","Geographical Variation in the Fairy Flycatcher Stenostira scita (Vieillot) of South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/21/mode/1up","Stenostira scita rudebecki"],["20614","genus","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Platyrhynchus ceylonensis [Swainson, 1820]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/477/mode/1up","Culicicapa"],["20615","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa ceylonensis","(Swainson, 1820)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1, no.3 pl.13,text","Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher","Gray-headed Canary-Flycatcher","Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to montane broadleaf woodland, riparian forest, and plantations, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to southwestern India and Sri Lanka, Greater Sundas, and eastward to Sumba and Lembata; high elevation and northern populations move downslope in winter, and to lowlands of southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709596","gyhcaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhcaf1","avibase-D9B57BA4",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/93/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus Ceylonensis"],["20616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa ceylonensis calochrysea","Oberholser, 1923","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 76, no.6 p.8-9",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan and northern India to southern China, Myanmar, and Indochina; winters to central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AA3F451",null,null,"Quaymos, Choung (= Quaymoo Choung), Thoungyin (= Thaungyin) River, Tenasserim.","Description of new East Indian Birds of the families Turdidae, Sylviidae, Pycnonotidae, and Muscicapidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79630#page/332/mode/1up","Culicicapa ceylonensis calochrysea"],["20617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa ceylonensis antioxantha","Oberholser, 1923","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 76, no.6 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA8212C8",null,null,"Khaw Sai Dow (= Khao Soi Nao), Trang, Lower (Peninsular) Siam.","Description of new East Indian Birds of the families Turdidae, Sylviidae, Pycnonotidae, and Muscicapidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79630#page/333/mode/1up","Culicicapa ceylonensis antioxantha"],["20618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis","(Swainson, 1820)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1, no.3 pl.13,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2678A7E",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/93/mode/1up","Platyrhynchus Ceylonensis"],["20619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa ceylonensis sejuncta","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.3 p.526",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17D1D343",null,null,"southern Flores.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/574/mode/1up","Culicicapa ceylonensis sejuncta"],["20620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa ceylonensis connectens","Rensch, 1931","Treubia 13, no.3-4 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-415B48A1",null,null,"Sumba.","Ueber einige Vogelsammlungen des Buitenzorger Museums von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v13i3-4.1954","Culicicapa ceylonensis connectens"],["20621","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa helianthea","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.476","Citrine Canary-flycatcher","Citrine Canary-Flycatcher","Citrine Canary-flycatcher",null,null,"Philippines and Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709600","citcaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/citcaf1","avibase-15D49464",null,null,"Menado (= Manado), Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/560/mode/1up","Muscicapa helianthea"],["20622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa helianthea septentrionalis","Parkes, 1960","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 73 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northwestern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF017B50",null,null,"Mt. Santo Tomas, Benguet, Mountain Province, Luzon; altitude 7,000 feet.","The races of the Citrine Canary Flycatcher, Culicicapa helianthea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/446/mode/1up","Culicicapa helianthea septentrionalis"],["20623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa helianthea zimmeri","Parkes, 1960","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 73 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADB8E349",null,null,"Mt. San Cristobal, Laguna Province, Luzon.","The races of the Citrine Canary Flycatcher, Culicicapa helianthea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/446/mode/1up","Culicicapa helianthea zimmeri"],["20624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa helianthea panayensis","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Panay, Negros, Cebu, Leyte, Mindanao, Biliran, and Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85F123A1",null,null,"Panay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/449/mode/1up","Xantholestes panayensis"],["20625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa helianthea mayri","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.14 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao and Tawitawi, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D123040",null,null,"Tataan, Tawitawi Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands.","A new Canary Flycatcher from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/71/mode/1up","Culicicapa helianthea mayri"],["20626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Culicicapa helianthea helianthea","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, Salayar, Banggai, and Sula islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1EFE4F0",null,null,"Menado (= Manado), Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/560/mode/1up","Muscicapa helianthea"],["20627","genus","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.652",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiagra longicauda [Swainson, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/662/mode/1up","Elminia"],["20628","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albicauda","Bocage, 1877","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.159","White-tailed Blue Flycatcher","White-tailed Blue Flycatcher","White-tailed Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane ravines in evergreen forest, riverine woodland, savanna woodland, bamboo, and miombo, from central Angola, northern Zambia, and Malawi, northward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda and, disjunctly, in northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707028","wtbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtbfly1","avibase-DB5D1D17",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/171/mode/1up","Elminia albicauda"],["20629","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia longicauda","(Swainson, 1838)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.210 pl.25","African Blue Flycatcher","African Blue Flycatcher","African Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"forest, edge, and gardens from lowlands to hills of The Gambia eastward to western Kenya and southward to central Angola and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707021","afbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afbfly1","avibase-56209052",null,null,"New Holland; error: Senegal, fide Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Ornith. Westafrica's, p. 93.","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/302/mode/1up","Myiagra longicauda"],["20630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia longicauda longicauda","(Swainson, 1838)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.210 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Gambia and Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BD76340",null,null,"New Holland; error: Senegal, fide Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Ornith. Westafrica's, p. 93.","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/302/mode/1up","Myiagra longicauda"],["20631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia longicauda teresita","Antinori, 1864","Catalogo descrittivo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nell'interno dell'Affrica centrale nord dal maggio 1859 al luglio 1861 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon southward to northern Angola and eastward to South Sudan, western Kenya, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-646414BE",null,null,"Djur (= Jur), Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103632#page/86/mode/1up","Elminia Teresita"],["20632","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia nigromitrata","(Reichenow, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.110","Dusky Crested Flycatcher","Dusky Crested Flycatcher","Dusky Crested-flycatcher",null,null,"humid forest from lowlands to mountains, from Sierra Leone eastward to western Kenya, and southward to Gabon and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707034","ducfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducfly1","avibase-B01090EF",null,null,"Cameroon.","[Über eine von Anton Reichenow eingesammelte neue Species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/122/mode/1up","Terpsiphone nigromitrata"],["20633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia nigromitrata colstoni","(Dickerman, 1994)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 114 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44C82952",null,null,"1 km east, 12 km north Zigida (or Ziggida), Lofa County, Liberia, on 13 March 1990 by C. Gregory Schmitt","Report on three collections of birds from Liberia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/612/mode/1up","Trochocercus nigromitratus colstoni"],["20634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia nigromitrata nigromitrata","(Reichenow, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon and Gabon eastward across northern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Central African Republic, southwestern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80FDEF00",null,null,"Cameroon.","[Über eine von Anton Reichenow eingesammelte neue Species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/122/mode/1up","Terpsiphone nigromitrata"],["20635","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albiventris","(Sjöstedt, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.43","White-bellied Crested Flycatcher","White-bellied Crested Flycatcher","White-bellied Crested-flycatcher",null,null,"montane forest and edge in highlands of eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea), and disjunctly Albertine Rift of east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707043","wbcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbcfly1","avibase-329CF549",null,null,"Mann's Spring, Mt. Cameroon; altitude ca. 7,000 feet.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/57/mode/1up","Trochocercus albiventris"],["20636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albiventris albiventris","(Sjöstedt, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A346FEC",null,null,"Mann's Spring, Mt. Cameroon; altitude ca. 7,000 feet.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/57/mode/1up","Trochocercus albiventris"],["20637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albiventris toroensis","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A7AA807",null,null,"Kibiran, Toro, Uganda.","Description of new species from Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/444/mode/1up","Trochocercus toroensis"],["20638","species","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albonotata","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.121","White-tailed Crested Flycatcher","White-tailed Crested Flycatcher","White-tailed Crested-flycatcher",null,null,"evergreen montane forest and tree-heath from Albertine Rift of east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and to Burundi; Kenya highlands from Mt. Elgon to Mt. Kenya, mountains of northern Tanzania and Eastern Arc from central to southwestern Tanzania, and southward through Malawi to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707052","wtcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtcfly1","avibase-18ED7458",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/153/mode/1up","Trochocercus albonotatus"],["20639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albonotata albonotata","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, northern Malawi, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1DD0C5E",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/153/mode/1up","Trochocercus albonotatus"],["20640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albonotata swynnertoni","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique (south of the Zambezi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDD293F0",null,null,"Chirinda Forest, Gazaland (= Mt. Selinda, Southern Rhodesia = Zimbabwe); altitude 3,800-4,000 feet. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Chipete, Melsetter district, Southern Rhodesia (= Zimbabwe), fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 431.","Description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/418/mode/1up","Trochocercus albonotatus swynnertoni"],["20641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Stenostiridae","Fairy Flycatchers","Elminia albonotata subcaerulea","(Grote, 1923)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 31 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania to Malawi and Mozambique (north of the Zambezi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABEDCCFE",null,null,"Mlalo, Usambara, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Trochocercus albonotatus subcaeruleus n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101437#page/35/mode/1up","Trochocercus albonotatus subcaeruleus"],["20642","family","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remizidae",null,null,"Penduline Tits","Penduline-Tits","Penduline-tits",null,null,null,null,null,null,"remizi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/remizi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20643","genus","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aegithalus flaviceps [Sundevall, 1850]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/97/mode/1up","Auriparus"],["20644","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus flaviceps","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.129,note","Verdin","Verdin","Verdin",null,null,"arid scrub and riparian areas of lowlands to hills, in southeastern California to southwestern Utah, eastward to northern Texas (USA), and southward through Baja California, Sinaloa, and Hidalgo (central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711568","verdin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verdin","avibase-A5EFA84D",null,null,"'Sitka vel California'; probably vicinity of Loreto, 26°N., Baja California, Mexico, vide Grinnell, 1931, Condor, 33, pp. 163-168",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/139/mode/1up","Aegithalus flaviceps"],["20645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus flaviceps acaciarum","Grinnell, 1931","The Condor 33, no.4 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico including northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E952D6C6",null,null,"Palm Springs, Riverside County, California. January 2, 1904 by J. Grinnell","The type-locality of the Verdin.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol33/iss4/7/","Auriparus flaviceps acaciarum"],["20646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus flaviceps ornatus","(Lawrence, 1851)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona to Oklahoma, and Texas (USA), and southern Coahuila and Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C139F21",null,null,"Rio Grande, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/138/mode/1up","Conirostrum ornatum"],["20647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.129,note",null,null,null,null,null,"central Baja California; northeastern Sonora to northern Sinaloa and Tiburón Island (central Gulf of California; northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-953A4339",null,null,"'Sitka vel California'; probably vicinity of Loreto, 26°N., Baja California, Mexico, vide Grinnell, 1931, Condor, 33, pp. 163-168",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/139/mode/1up","Aegithalus flaviceps"],["20648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus","Oberholser, 1897","The Auk 14, no.4 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California, including islas San José and San Francisco (southern Gulf of California, northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30DA6D69",null,null,"Cape St. Lucas, Lower California","Critical Notes on the Genus Auriparus","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss4/7/","Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus"],["20649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus flaviceps sinaloae","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (northwestern Sinaloa from Culiacán to Guamuchil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8596566F",null,null,"SE end of Ensenada del Pabellon, SW Culiacan, Sinaloa, ca. 24 20'N, 107 30'W, Mexico",null,null,"Auriparus flaviceps sinaloae"],["20650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Auriparus flaviceps hidalgensis","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (northeastern Jalisco to southern San Luis Potosí and eastern Hidalgo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E43A461C",null,null,"7 (road) km S Metzquititlan, C-E Hidalgo, Mexico",null,null,"Auriparus flaviceps hidalgensis"],["20651","genus","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz","Jarocki, 1819","Spis ptaków w gabinecie Zoologicznym Królewsko Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu znayduiących się a podług naynowszego systemu ustawionych p.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Remiz pendulinus [Cuvier]; type by monotypy = Motacilla pendulinus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Remiz"],["20652","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz consobrinus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.133","Chinese Penduline Tit","Chinese Penduline-Tit","Chinese Penduline-tit",null,null,"breeds reedbeds and marshes of northern China; winters southern Japan to southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711632","chptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chptit1","avibase-6D6870E3",null,null,"Sha-she [= Shasi] , below Ichang, Hupeh, China.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds procured during a cruise up the River Yangtsze (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/177/mode/1up","Aegithalus consobrinus"],["20653","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz coronatus","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.136","White-crowned Penduline Tit","White-crowned Penduline-Tit","White-crowned Penduline-tit",null,null,"lowland to submontane riverine deciduous woodland, floodplain meadow, brushy hillside, and saxaul scrub, from southern Kazakhstan eastward to Mongolia and northeastern China, and southward to northern Afghanistan and north-central China; most populations migrate south in winter to eastern Iran, southern Pakistan, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711625","wcptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wcptit1","avibase-454B9078",null,null,"Nau, near Khodzhent [= Leninabad], on the Syr-Darya, northwestern Tadzhikistan.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Aegithalus coronatus"],["20654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz coronatus coronatus","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southern and southeastern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, northern and southern Turkmenistan (Amu Darya Valley, Murgap Valley), Kyrgyzstan, northwestern China (Ili Valley, in northwestern Xinjiang), western Tajikistan, and northwestern Afghanistan; nonbreeding to eastern Iran, northern and western Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India (east to Haryana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16B8D1EE",null,null,"Nau, near Khodzhent [= Leninabad], on the Syr-Darya, northwestern Tadzhikistan.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Aegithalus coronatus"],["20655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz coronatus stoliczkae","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.521-522",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Kazakhstan, southern Russia (from Altai eastward to Chita, in southern Transbaikalia), northwestern and central Mongolia, and northwestern and northern China (from Xinjiang eastward, excluding Ili Valley, to Ürümqi; northern Ningxia); winter range of migratory populations poorly known",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03269D5B",null,null,"no locality; Bora, south of Yarkand, eastern Turkestan, designated by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 391.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/545/mode/1up","Aegithalus Stoliczkae"],["20656","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz pendulinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189","Eurasian Penduline Tit","Eurasian Penduline-Tit",null,"2025-0673","<em>Remiz macronyx</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Remiz pendulinus</em> based on comparatively strong plumage differences (Stepanyan 1978; Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005). It is known to hybridize with <em>R. pendulinus</em> in the field, which explains the lack of deep mitochondrial divergence between the two despite significant nuclear divergence (Barani-Beiranvand et al. 2017). However, their hybridization is spatially limited, consistent with current interpretations of biological species boundaries. Genome-wide data are required to assess their gene flow interactions and confirm their taxonomic status.","patchy in lowland to foothill lakeside and riverine swamps, and tidal marsh, from Denmark and southern Sweden eastward to western Siberia, and southward to northern Spain, Mediterranean Europe, and Iran; northern populations migrate southward to northwestern Africa, Middle East, and western Pakistan",null,null,null,"euptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/euptit1","avibase-F81EB049",null,null,"Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, and Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Motacilla pendulinus"],["20657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz pendulinus pendulinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe to Ural Mountains, Caucasus Mountains, and western Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6072E51",null,null,"Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, and Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Motacilla pendulinus"],["20658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz pendulinus menzbieri","(Zarudny, 1913)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 4, no.1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Türkiye to Armenia and northwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88F1ADE5",null,null,"lower Karun River, southwestern Iran [reference not verified] .","[Neue Formen der Beutelmeise (Remiza)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104105#page/468/mode/1up","Remiza pendulina menzbieri"],["20659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz pendulinus caspius","(Peltzam, 1870)","Protokoly Zasiedanii Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitetie 1 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Kazakhstan (Volga and Ural plains) to Caspian Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF57286D",null,null,"Astrakhan.",null,null,"Aegithalus caspius"],["20660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz pendulinus jaxarticus","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 pl.9, fig.3 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Urals to western Siberia and northern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-537219F4",null,null,"on the Syr Darya, not far from Fort Perovsky [Kazakhstan], in April","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Aegithalus pendulinus var. jaxartica"],["20661","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz macronyx","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.135 pl.9 fig.2 (p.66 in key)","Black-headed Penduline Tit","Black-headed Penduline-Tit",null,"2025-0673","<em>Remiz macronyx</em> (polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Remiz pendulinus</em> based on comparatively strong plumage differences (Stepanyan 1978; Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005). It is known to hybridize with <em>R. pendulinus</em> in the field, which explains the lack of deep mitochondrial divergence between the two despite significant nuclear divergence (Barani-Beiranvand et al. 2017). However, their hybridization is spatially limited, consistent with current interpretations of biological species boundaries. Genome-wide data are required to assess their gene flow interactions and confirm their taxonomic status.","lowland to foothill lake-edge and riverine reeds from Caspian Sea eastward to Lake Zaysan (Kazakhstan), and southward to Iran",null,null,null,"bhptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhptit1","avibase-64F9CBA7",null,null,"Tschimkent, Syr-Darya, Turkestan.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Aegithalus macronyx"],["20662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz macronyx macronyx","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.135 pl.9 fig.2 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and southeastern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A5E0C81",null,null,"Tschimkent, Syr-Darya, Turkestan.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Aegithalus macronyx"],["20663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz macronyx neglectus","(Zarudny, 1908)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 no.10 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Turkmenistan and northern Iran (Atrak and Gorgan valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AC63079",null,null,"Lenkoran, Gilan, Mazanderan, and Astrabad, south Caspian coast ; restricted to Chatly, lower Atrek River, southwestern Transcaspia, by Zarudny, 1914, Ornith. Monatsb., 22, p. 57.","Bemerkungen über die Rohrmeise, (Anthoscopus rutilans Sewertz.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/179/mode/1up","Anthoscopus rutilans neglectus"],["20664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz macronyx nigricans","(Zarudny, 1908)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-619196A9",null,null,"Seistan, eastern Iran.","Bemerkungen über die Rohrmeise, (Anthoscopus rutilans Sewertz.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/178/mode/1up","Anthoscopus rutilans nigricans"],["20665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Remiz macronyx ssaposhnikowi","(Johansen, 1907)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 18 no.5-6 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kazakhstan (region of lakes Balkhash, Sasykkol, and Alakol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEC3972C",null,null,"shore of Lake Balkash, west of Karatal River.","Neue palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209499#page/229/mode/1up","Anthoscopus ssaposhnikowi"],["20666","genus","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia minuta [Shaw, 1812]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/105/mode/1up","Anthoscopus"],["20667","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus parvulus","(Heuglin, 1864)","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.260","Yellow Penduline Tit","Yellow Penduline-Tit","Yellow Penduline-tit",null,null,"southern Mauritania to Guinea Bissau, eastward to South Sudan and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711646","yeptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeptit1","avibase-1ED6D9B4",null,null,"Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal, Sudan.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/272/mode/1up","Aegithalus ? parvulus"],["20668","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus minutus","(Shaw, 1812)","The naturalist's miscellany 23, no.7 pl.997","Cape Penduline Tit","Cape Penduline-Tit","Cape Penduline-tit",null,null,"desert and semi-desert scrub of southern Africa from Angola eastward to western Zimbabwe and southwardthrough Cape region of South Africa (except driest western and wettest eastern regions)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711679","soptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soptit1","avibase-E6239363",null,null,"Heerenlogement, Cape Province, South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125747#page/131/mode/1up","Sylvia minuta"],["20669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus minutus damarensis","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.526",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, northern Namibia, Botswana (except southwest), Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F851B99",null,null,"South West Africa ; restricted to Ovaquenyama by Macdonald, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 49.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/570/mode/1up","Anthoscopus minutus damarensis"],["20670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus minutus gigi","Winterbottom, 1959","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 79, no.8 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Africa (Little Karoo and southern Great Karoo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1254BE70",null,null,"Oudtshoorn, Little Karroo, South Africa.","A new subspecies of Anthoscopus minutus (Shaw & Nodder) from Cape Province.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125532#page/206/mode/1up","Anthoscopus minutus gigi"],["20671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus minutus minutus","(Shaw, 1812)","The naturalist's miscellany 23, no.7 pl.997",null,null,null,null,null,"western Namibia to western Cape Province, Botswana, and western Orange Free State",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-421DD35A",null,null,"Heerenlogement, Cape Province, South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125747#page/131/mode/1up","Sylvia minuta"],["20672","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus flavifrons","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.325","Forest Penduline Tit","Forest Penduline-Tit","Forest Penduline-tit",null,null,"humid forest edge in lowlands from Liberia eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southward to Gabon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711660","foptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/foptit1","avibase-515353F2",null,null,"Moonda River, Gabon, West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/348/mode/1up","Aegithalus flavifrons"],["20673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus flavifrons waldronae","Bannerman, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Ghana to Ivory Coast and Liberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4505928",null,null,"Goaso, Ashanti, Gold Coast.","Description of a new race of the Yellow-fronted Penduline Tit from the Gold Coast.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/169/mode/1up","Anthoscopus flavifrons waldroni"],["20674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus flavifrons flavifrons","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria to Cameroon, Gabon, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-490885D4",null,null,"Moonda River, Gabon, West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/348/mode/1up","Aegithalus flavifrons"],["20675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus flavifrons ruthae","Chapin, 1958","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 57 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (southeastern Kivu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC1DCB83",null,null,"Nyamiringe (lat. 1° 39' S., long. 28° 06' E.), near Kabunga, 2,090 ft., west of Lake Kivu, Congo.","A new Penduline Titmouse from the Eastern Congo forest.",null,"Anthoscopus flavifrons ruthae"],["20676","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus punctifrons","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.129","Sennar Penduline Tit","Sennar Penduline-Tit","Sennar Penduline-tit",null,null,"lowland to foothill semi-desert and brushy wadis, usually near water, from southern Mauritania and northeastern Senegal eastward through Sahel southern Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to northern Cameroon and northeastern South Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711639","septit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/septit1","avibase-5A636137",null,null,"Sennar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/139/mode/1up","Aegithalus punctifrons"],["20677","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus musculus","(Hartlaub, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.91","Mouse-colored Penduline Tit","Mouse-colored Penduline-Tit","Mouse-coloured Penduline-tit",null,null,"lowland to foothill open acacia woodland, thornscrub, and arid short-grass savanna, from southeastern South Sudan and northeastern Uganda eastward to Somalia, and southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711653","mcptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mcptit1","avibase-6F967270",null,null,"Lado, Upper Nile, Sudan.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Aegithalus musculus"],["20678","species","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli","(Sharpe, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.415","Grey Penduline Tit","African Penduline-Tit",null,"2025-0672","Taxon <em>sylviella </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Anthoscopus caroli</em> pending further research. Plumage differences within this complex are variable, vocalizations incompletely studied, and distributions uncertain. Reports of intergrades also need to be assessed (White 1963).","varied bushy habitat types of lowlands to hills from Gabon eastward to southern Kenya, southward to northern Namibia, and eastward to northeastern South Africa and Eswatini",null,null,null,"afptit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afptit1","avibase-F44BD4BE",null,null,"Ovaquenyama, Damaraland, South West Africa.","On Seven new or lately described Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/459/mode/1up","Aegithalus caroli"],["20679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli roccatii","Salvadori, 1906","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 21, no.542 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, northeastern Tanzania, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FEB60C6",null,null,"Entebbe, Uganda.","Spedizione al Ruwenzori di S. A. Luigi di Savoia. Nuove specie d'Uccelli.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43046#page/196/mode/1up","Anthoscopus roceatii"],["20680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli pallescens","Ulfstrand, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Kigoma and Kungwe-Mahari)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E69766D9",null,null,"Kabesi Ridge, 5,500 ft., east of Mt. Kungwe, Kungwe-Mahali peninsula, east shore of Lake Tanganyika.","A new subspecies of Anthoscopus caroli (Sharpe 1871) from western Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/34/mode/1up","Anthoscopus caroli pallescens"],["20681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli ansorgei","Hartert, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to Angola and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CBABE4C",null,null,"Mangonga River, Benguela, Angola.","On three new African species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/686/mode/1up","Anthoscopus ansorgei"],["20682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli rhodesiae","Sclater, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northeastern Zambia and southwestern Tanzania (Ufipa Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-997AB64C",null,null,"Mt. Sunsu, Abercorn, Northern Rhodesia.","Exhibition of, and remarks on, some new and rare birds obtained by Rear-Admiral Lynes during his 1930-31 journey through Northern Rhodesia, Belgian Congo, and Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/179/mode/1up","Anthoscopus ansorgei rhodesiae"],["20683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli robertsi","Haagner, 1909","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1, no.4 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique, Malawi, southeastern Zambia, eastern Tanzania, and southeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0776B937",null,null,"Villa Pereira, Boror, Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique].","Descriptions of two new species of birds from the Boror District of Portuguese East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203520#page/329/mode/1up","Anthoscopus robertsi"],["20684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli caroli","(Sharpe, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia, southern Angola, Botswana, and southwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-952BC811",null,null,"Ovaquenyama, Damaraland, South West Africa.","On Seven new or lately described Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/459/mode/1up","Aegithalus caroli"],["20685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli winterbottomi","White, 1946","Ibis vol.88, no.1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Zambia and adjacent southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (southern Katanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA3C60BA",null,null,"Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia.","The Ornithology of the Kaonde-Lunda Province, Northern Rhodesia. Part IV. Upupidae - Fringillidae.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1946.tb03468.x","Anthoscopus caroli winterbottomi"],["20686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli rankinei","Irwin, 1963","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 83, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F850F57",null,null,"south bank of Zambesi River (opposite Feira, Southern Rhodesia), Mozambique, ca. lat. 15° 40' S., long. 30° 25' E., alt. 1,350 ft.","A new race of Anthoscopus caroli (Sharpe) from the Zambesi Valley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126838#page/24/mode/1up","Anthoscopus caroli rankinei"],["20687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli hellmayri","Roberts, 1914","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 4, no.4 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Zimbabwe (Chipinga uplands but not other eastern highlands), southern Mozambique (south of Inhambane district), and northeastern South Africa (northern and eastern Transvaal and northern KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF3F5231",null,null,"Mapagone, northeastern Transvaal [South Africa]","Notes on birds in the collection of the Transvaal Museum, with descriptions of several new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203183#page/250/mode/1up","Anthoscopus caroli hellmayri"],["20688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli sylviella","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Kenya (east of Rift Valley) to central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE512960",null,null,"Malangali, Usafua, Rungwe district, southwestern Tanganyika.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/43/mode/1up","Anthoscopus sylviella"],["20689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Remizidae","Penduline Tits","Anthoscopus caroli sharpei","Hartert, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BF04304",null,null,"Usambiro, Tabora district, Tanganyika.","On three new African species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/687/mode/1up","Anthoscopus sharpei"],["20690","family","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Paridae",null,null,"Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Tits and Chickadees",null,null,null,null,null,null,"parida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20691","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cephalopyrus","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aegithalus flammiceps [Burton, E, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/72/mode/1up","Cephalopyrus"],["20692","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cephalopyrus flammiceps","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.153","Fire-capped Tit","Fire-capped Tit","Fire-capped Tit",null,null,"patchy in submontane to montane conifer and rhododendron forest, broadleaf woodland, and alpine scrub, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China; populations move downslope in winter or migrate to low northern Indian foothills and northern Thailand and adjacent Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711685","fictit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fictit1","avibase-501296F9",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Mussoorie by Whistler, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 15.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/331/mode/1up","Aegithalus flammiceps"],["20693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cephalopyrus flammiceps flammiceps","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Pakistan to Garhwal and western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8F70464",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Mussoorie by Whistler, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 15.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/331/mode/1up","Aegithalus flammiceps"],["20694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cephalopyrus flammiceps olivaceus","Rothschild, 1923","Novitates Zoologicae 30, no.2 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (eastern Nepal to southeastern Tibet and central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CC76878",null,null,"Tengyueh, northwestern Yunnan, China.","On a third collection of birds made by Mr. George Forrest in north-west Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22599#page/291/mode/1up","Cephalopyrus flammiceps olivaceus"],["20695","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sylviparus","Burton, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylviparus modestus [E. Burton, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,"Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/331/mode/1up","Sylviparus"],["20696","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sylviparus modestus","Burton, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.154","Yellow-browed Tit","Yellow-browed Tit","Yellow-browed Tit",null,null,"patchy in submontane to montane oak and rhododendron forest, conifer forest, and alpine moss scrub, from Kashmir eastward to southeastern China, and southward to western Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and southern Vietnam; downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711998","yebtit3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtit3","avibase-02CF8BF8",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Nepal by Baker, 1923, Hand-list Birds Indian Emp., p. 8.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/332/mode/1up","Sylviparus modestus"],["20697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sylviparus modestus simlaensis","Stuart Baker, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir to Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2540AC6",null,null,"Simla, northwest India.","Description of new subspecies of Indian and Siamese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/34/mode/1up","Sylviparus modestus simlaensis"],["20698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sylviparus modestus modestus","Burton, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, southwestern China, Thailand, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75185BB3",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Nepal by Baker, 1923, Hand-list Birds Indian Emp., p. 8.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/332/mode/1up","Sylviparus modestus"],["20699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sylviparus modestus klossi","Delacour & Jabouille, 1930","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F820E66",null,null,"Langbian Mountains, Annam, Indochina.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Sylviparus modestus klossi"],["20700","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melanochlora","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Melanochlora sumatrana [Lesson, 1839]; type by monotypy = Parus flavocristatus Lafresnaye, 1837  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/50/mode/1up","Melanochlora"],["20701","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melanochlora sultanea","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.31","Sultan Tit","Sultan Tit","Sultan Tit",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, and wooded bamboo scrub, from central Nepal eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Malayan Peninsula, central Vietnam, and adjacent Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712001","sultit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sultit1","avibase-2D6E3DBD",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"Parus sultaneus"],["20702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melanochlora sultanea sultanea","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Assam, Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F932DA53",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"Parus sultaneus"],["20703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melanochlora sultanea flavocristata","(de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 text to pl.80, p.1-2; pl.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6DD547E",null,null,"Isles de la Sonde [= Sumatra] .","MÉSANGE. PARUS. Linné. - M. à huppe jaune. P. flavo-cristatus. De Lafresnaye.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/115/mode/1up","Parus flavo-cristatus"],["20704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melanochlora sultanea seorsa","Bangs, 1924","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (central Fujian to southern Guangxi) to Laos and northeastern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-035BDAA7",null,null,"Yenping, Fohkien, China.","A new form of Melanochlora sultanea from Fukien.",null,"Melanochlora sultanea seorsa"],["20705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melanochlora sultanea gayeti","Delacour & Jabouille, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central Annam (Col des Nuages) to southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D84236EE",null,null,"Bana ( 12 miles west of Fourane), central Annam, Indochina.","Description of a new species of Sultan-Tit from Central Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/40/mode/1up","Melanochlora gayeti"],["20706","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.99",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus caeruleus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 8).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/127/mode/1up","Cyanistes"],["20707","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.456","African Blue Tit","African Blue Tit","African Blue Tit",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane woodland in the Canary Islands, and in North Africa from Morocco eastward to northern Tunisia, Pantelleria Island (far southwestern Italy), and northeastern Libya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761672","afbtit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afbtit2","avibase-BE2B80F4",null,null,"Teneriffe, Canary Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/494/mode/1up","Parus Teneriffae"],["20708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae palmensis","(Meade-Waldo, 1889)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.3, no.18 p.490",null,null,null,null,null,"La Palma (northwestern Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C82A352",null,null,"Palma, Canary Islands.","LXI. On a new Species of Tit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53339#page/504/mode/1up","Parus palmensis"],["20709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae cyrenaicae","(Hartert, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF1280F8",null,null,"Merg, Barka Plateau, northwestern Cyrenaica.","Descriptions of new subspecies from Cyrenaica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/362/mode/1up","Parus caeruleus cyrenaicae"],["20710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae ultramarinus","(Bonaparte, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia) and Pantelleria Island (far southwestern Italy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCF6B5DA",null,null,"La régence de Tunis, vers la limite tripolitaine, et notamment à Sfax (Tunisia).","Note sur deux Oiseaux nouveaux du Musée de Marseille.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/154/mode/1up","Parus ultramarinus"],["20711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae degener","(Hartert, 1901)","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (eastern Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B710E02C",null,null,"Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, Canary Islands.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. V. Kapitel. Die Fauna der Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/351/mode/1up","Parus caeruleus degener"],["20712","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae ombriosus","(Meade-Waldo, 1890)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.5, no.25 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"El Hierro (southwestern Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF938FB",null,null,"Hierro, Canary Islands.","XIII. On a new Species of Tit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88001#page/117/mode/1up","Parus ombriosus"],["20713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae teneriffae","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"La Gomera and Tenerife (west-central Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C4F1425",null,null,"Teneriffe, Canary Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/494/mode/1up","Parus Teneriffae"],["20714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes teneriffae hedwigae","(Dietzen, García-del-Rey, Castro & Wink, 2008)","Journal für Ornithologie 149, no.1 p.[1-12]",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands (Gran Canaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F3A4237",null,null,"Gran Canaria, Mogan","Phylogeography of the blue tit (Parus teneriffae-group) on the Canary Islands based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphometrics.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226411555","Parus teneriffae hedwigii"],["20715","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus","(Pallas, 1770)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14, pt.1 p.588, pl.23, f.2","Azure Tit","Azure Tit","Azure Tit",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane open forest, riverine woodland, willow scrub, and tamarisk in semi-desert, from Ukraine and western Russia eastward to northeastern China and Ussuriland, southward to Kyrgyzstan, northern Afghanistan, and north-central China; some downslope movement in winter, occasional irruptive dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735985","azutit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azutit2","avibase-184A6A8E",null,null,"Volga River, eastern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113648#page/652/mode/1up","Parus cyanus"],["20716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus cyanus","(Pallas, 1770)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14, pt.1 p.588, pl.23, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"European Russia to basin of middle Volga River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BCDFA7B",null,null,"Volga River, eastern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113648#page/652/mode/1up","Parus cyanus"],["20717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus hyperrhiphaeus","Dementiev & Heptner, 1932","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 4, no.3 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern European Russia to western Siberia and northern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D4A9F1B",null,null,"Kustanai, Turgai district, Kirghiz Steppe, western Siberia.","Contributions à l'ornithologie de la Russie (Suite).","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1932_T004_N003","Cyanistes cyanus hyperrhiphaeus"],["20718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus yenisseensis","(Buturlin, 1911)","Zapiski Krasnoyarskogo Otdela Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 1, no.2-4 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia to Sea of Japan and lower Amur River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07D8DD97",null,null,"Krasnoyarsk, central Siberia.","Materiali po ptitsam Yeniseiskoi gubernii.",null,"Parus cyanus yenisseensis"],["20719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus tianschanicus","Menzbier, 1884","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 9ème vol. p.276-277",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kazakhstan, northwestern China, and Pakistan to northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0380AA28",null,null,"mountains bordering deserts of central Asia to the northwest and west; restricted to Tian Shan by Dementiev and Heptner, 1932, Alauda, 4, p. 291.","Mémoires sur les Paridae. I. Le groupe des mésanges bleues (Cyanistes Kaup).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110352#page/298/mode/1up","Cyanistes cyanus var. tianschanicus"],["20720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus koktalensis","Portenko, 1954","Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soyuza 3 (no.54) p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Kazakhstan (south of Lake Balkhash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4B89C27",null,null,"Kotkal, Hi River Basin, Semirechye.",null,null,"C[yanistes] c[yanus] kotkalensis"],["20721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus carruthersi","(Hartert, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"western Pamir Mountains to Fergana basin and eastern Alayskiy Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C67B027D",null,null,"Samarkand.","Description of, and remarks upon, a new subspecies of the Yellow-breasted Azure Titmouse.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/45/mode/1up","Parus flavipectus carruthersi"],["20722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus flavipectus","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tian Shan Mountains to northern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01C8D6E1",null,null,"Turkestan ; Ferghana suggested by Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1833, p. 15.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Parus flavipectus"],["20723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes cyanus berezowskii","Pleske, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.13 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (eastern Qinghai south of Kokonor on upper Yellow River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AE7F5D8",null,null,"Upper Cuan-che [=Kweitch, on the Hwangho, northeastern Tsinghai] , China.","[Two new species of Tits from the collections of the St. Petersburg Museum].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/111/mode/1up","Cyanistes berezowskii"],["20724","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190","Eurasian Blue Tit","Eurasian Blue Tit","Eurasian Blue Tit",null,null,"lowland to submontane deciduous woodland, parks, and gardens, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to central Urals (Russia), and southward to Iberian Peninsula, Majorca, Mediterranean Europe, and Iran; northern populations partially migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761667","blutit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blutit","avibase-9BE53D34",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus caeruleus"],["20725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus obscurus","(Pražák, 1894)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 5 p.246,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Ireland, Britain, and Channel Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53ED7FC6",null,null,"England ; restricted to Lake District, England, by Clancey, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 108.","Einige Notizen über die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35474#page/258/mode/1up","Parus caeruleus obscurus"],["20726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus caeruleus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"continental Europe to northern Spain, Sicily, northern Türkiye, and northern Urals",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-834E30D9",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus caeruleus"],["20727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus balearicus","(Jordans, 1913)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 9, no.3 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Majorca Island (Balearic Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17458182",null,null,"Valldemosa, Majorca.","Vorläufige kurze Beschreibung neuer Formen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/295/mode/1up","Parus coeruleus balearicus"],["20728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae","(Hartert, 1905)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"Portugal, southern Spain, Corsica, and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52B490EE",null,null,"Lanusei, eastern Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/423/mode/1up","Parus caeruleus ogliastrae"],["20729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus calamensis","(Parrot, 1908)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 8 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Greece, Pelopónnisos, Cyclades, Crete, and Rhodes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C13E0F3",null,null,"Calamata, southern Peloponnesus.","Parus coeruleus calamensis n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35430#page/36/mode/1up","Parus caeruleus calamensis"],["20730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus orientalis","Zarudny & Loudon, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.105-106",null,null,null,null,null,"southern European Russia (Volga River to central and southern Ural Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32D59ED7",null,null,"Orenburg, Ufa, Samara, Kazan, and Simbirsk, eastern Russia; restricted to Orenburg by Dementiev, 1935, Oiseau Rev. Franç. Orn., p. 74.","Eine neue Form der Blaumeise Cyanistes cSreleus orientalis, subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/119/mode/1up","Cyanistes coeruleus orientalis"],["20731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus satunini","Zarudny, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northwestern Iran to eastern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAE06F2F",null,null,"Lenkoran and Kumbaschinsk, Talych.","Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lasurmeisen (Cyanistes).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/22/mode/1up","Cyanistes coeruleus satunini"],["20732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus raddei","Zarudny, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2003A5CC",null,null,"Provinces of Asterabad, Masanderan, and Gilan, northern Iran.","Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lasurmeisen (Cyanistes).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/21/mode/1up","Cyanistes coeruleus raddei"],["20733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Cyanistes caeruleus persicus","(Blanford, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.9 p.89-90",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Iran (Zagros Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51878FBE",null,null,"oak woods, near Shiraz, southern Iran.","Descriptions of new Species of Nectarinia, Sitta, and Parus from Persia and Baluchistan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/111/mode/1up","Parus (Cyanistes) persicus"],["20734","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Pseudopodoces","Zarudny & Loudon, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Podoces humilis [Hume, 1871]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/205/mode/1up","Pseudopodoces"],["20735","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Pseudopodoces humilis","(Hume, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.408","Ground Tit","Ground Tit","Ground Tit",null,null,"semiarid steppes of Tibetan plateau",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22705903","grotit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grotit1","avibase-BDA1AC35",null,null,"no locality [= 'only seen above Kitchik-Yilak' (= Sinkiang near the Sanju Pass); see Henderson and Hume, 1873, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 247].","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/450/mode/1up","Podoces humilis"],["20736","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus major [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 23).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Parus"],["20737","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus monticolus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.22","Green-backed Tit","Green-backed Tit","Green-backed Tit",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, from coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed, and bamboo scrub, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to western Myanmar, south-central Vietnam, and Taiwan; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711919","grbtit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbtit1","avibase-4E1C5625",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1923, Hand-list Birds Indian Empire, p. 7; emended to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/36/mode/1up","Parus monticolus"],["20738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus monticolus monticolus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas to western Nepal and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A745916",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1923, Hand-list Birds Indian Empire, p. 7; emended to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/36/mode/1up","Parus monticolus"],["20739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus monticolus yunnanensis","La Touche, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to northeastern India, Myanmar, western China, and northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDB8D745",null,null,"Milati, southeastern Yunnan, China.","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/273/mode/1up","Parus monticolus yunnanensis"],["20740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus monticolus legendrei","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F0CB2E2",null,null,"Djiring, southern Annam.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/206/mode/1up","Parus monticolus legendrei"],["20741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus monticolus insperatus","Swinhoe, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.7 p.308-310",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FE7287D",null,null,"mountains of southern Formosa.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/346/mode/1up","Parus insperatus"],["20742","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189","Great Tit","Great Tit",null,"2025-1100","The <em>Parus major </em>complex is treated as comprising two species, western and central Palaearctic <em>Parus major</em> and southern and eastern Asian <em>Parus cinereus</em> (including subspecies in the <em>minor</em> complex), based on the level of mitochondrial DNA divergence between them (Zhao et al. 2012; Song et al. 2020), presence of a narrow hybrid zone (Kvist &amp; Rytkönen 2006), and vocalizations (Päckert et al. 2005).","Western Palearctic from British Isles southward through Mediterranean islands, Balearic Islands, and northern Africa, and eastward to western Siberia and southwestern Mongolia",null,null,null,"gretit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gretit1","avibase-E15BC0CB",null,null,"Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Parus major"],["20743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major newtoni","Pražák, 1894","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 5 p.239-240",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E128A23B",null,null,"Britain; restricted to Lake District, England, by","Einige Notizen über die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35474#page/251/mode/1up","Parus major newtoni"],["20744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major major","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe to northwestern Iran, Siberia, Lake Baikal, and Altai and Sayan mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25E8EB06",null,null,"Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Parus major"],["20745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major kapustini","Portenko, 1954","Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soyuza 3 (no.54) p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern China (northwestern Xinjiang) to Mongolia and eastern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4DF56D7",null,null,"Sretensk, Transbaicalia.",null,null,"P[arus] m[ajor] kapustini"],["20746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major corsus","Kleinschmidt, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula and Corsica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-570FC4A2",null,null,"Ajaccio, Corsica.","Parus corsus forma nova.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/24/mode/1up","Parus corsus"],["20747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major mallorcae","Jordans, 1913","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 9, no.3 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Balearic Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11523CEA",null,null,"Mallorca.","Vorläufige kurze Beschreibung neuer Formen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/296/mode/1up","Parus maior mallorcae"],["20748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major excelsus","Buvry, 1857","Journal für Ornithologie 5, no.27 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFDA1292",null,null,"Nrakta el abbia Forest, northeastern Algeria.","Streifzüge in Algerien (S. März-Heft, No. 26, S. 120 u. f.) III. Der Wald Nrakta el abbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/204/mode/1up","Parus major excelsus"],["20749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major ecki","Jordans, 1970","Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 31 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BD87CF2",null,null,"Mt. Tortoli, Sardinia","Die westpalaearktischen Rassen des Formenkreises Parus major (Aves, Paridae).",null,"Parus major ecki"],["20750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major aphrodite","Madarász, 1901","Természetrajzi Füzetek 24 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Italy, Sicily, southern Greece, and Mediterranean islands including Cyprus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3B6F812",null,null,"near Larnaca, Cyprus.","[Description of two probably new European Birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48100#page/278/mode/1up","Parus major aphrodite"],["20751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major niethammeri","Jordans, 1970","Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 31 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"Crete",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F06AED7F",null,null,"Canea, Crete, 12.02.1925 (lectotype)","Die westpalaearktischen Rassen des Formenkreises Parus major (Aves, Paridae).",null,"Parus major niethammeri"],["20752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major terraesanctae","Hartert, 1910","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.xxxii",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69760FA3",null,null,"Jerusalem.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/40/mode/1up","Parus major terraesanctae"],["20753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major karelini","Zarudny, 1910","Nasha Okhota 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE2909A0",null,null,"Caspian coastal provinces of Ghilan, Masanderan and Asterabad, and woods of Talysch plain, northern Iran.",null,null,"Parus major karelini"],["20754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major blanfordi","Pražák, 1894","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 5 p.240-241",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iraq to north-central and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49883C2A",null,null,"Iran [= Tehran, fide Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 344].","Einige Notizen über die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35474#page/252/mode/1up","Parus major blanfordi"],["20755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major bokharensis","Lichtenstein, 1823","Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Russia to Tian Shan and Karatau mountains and northwestern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1086A3BE",null,null,"Bukhara.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/286992#page/149/mode/1up","Parus bokharensis"],["20756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major turkestanicus","Zarudny & Loudon, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.109-110",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Balkhash to western China (Xinjiang) and southwestern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DA079F9",null,null,"Orchu River, Dzungaria and Djarkent, Semirechye; restricted to Orchu River by Laubmann, 1913, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 11, p. 275.","Beschreibung dreier neuen paläarktischen Meisen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/123/mode/1up","Parus bocharensis turkestanicus"],["20757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major ferghanensis","Buturlin, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains in Tajikistan (Pamir and Alai) and Kyrgyzstan eastward to western Tian Shan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-687461BB",null,null,"Kurschab Valley, Alai Mountains, Ferghana (winter).","Parus cinereus ferghanensis nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/102/mode/1up","Parus cinereus ferghanensis"],["20758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus major intermedius","Zarudny, 1890","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.789",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran and adjacent southwestern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D49B5F84",null,null,"valleys of Karguy-Sou, Firouse and Gujarmaou, southwestern Transcaspia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106827#page/821/mode/1up","Parus bocharensis var. intermedius"],["20759","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.316","Cinereous Tit","Asian Tit",null,"2025-1100","The <em>Parus major </em>complex is treated as comprising two species, western and central Palaearctic <em>Parus major</em> and southern and eastern Asian <em>Parus cinereus</em> (including subspecies in the <em>minor</em> complex), based on the level of mitochondrial DNA divergence between them (Zhao et al. 2012; Song et al. 2020), presence of a narrow hybrid zone (Kvist &amp; Rytkönen 2006), and vocalizations (Päckert et al. 2005).","lowland to submontane deciduous woodland, plantations, and parks, from northeastern Iran eastward through Himalayas and Tibet to Sakhalin (Russia) and Japan (throughout except most remote islands), and southward to Peninsular India and Sri Lanka, southeastern China, and Sumatra, coastal Borneo, Java, and Lesser Sundas eastward to Alor; some populations move southward or downslope in winter; introduced in southern Kamchatka",null,null,null,"cintit13","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cintit13","avibase-414DC961",null,null,"Batavia, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/334/mode/1up","Parus cinereus"],["20760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus decolorans","Koelz, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Afghanistan (east of Kabul and south of the Hindu Kush)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-723A9E96",null,null,"Jalalabad, eastern Afghanistan.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/84/mode/1up","Parus major decolorans"],["20761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus ziaratensis","Whistler, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Afghanistan to northern Baluchistan and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC4C1F42",null,null,"Ziarat, 8,500 ft., Baluchistan.","Description of a new subspecies of Titmouse from Baluchistan, and remarks on the Grey Tits of the North-west Frontier of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/41/mode/1up","Parus major ziaratensis"],["20762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus caschmirensis","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan to northern Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2FBFF6A",null,null,"Gilgit.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/419/mode/1up","Parus major caschmirensis"],["20763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus planorum","Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India to Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89F86DF7",null,null,"southern Punjab.","Miscellanea Ornithologica. Critical, nomenclatorial, and other notes, mostly on Palaearctic birds and their allies. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/513/mode/1up","Parus major planorum"],["20764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus vauriei","Ripley, 1950","Postilla 1 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Assam (Lakhimpur district) and eastern Arunachal Pradesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB4DD640",null,null,"Chabua, northeastern Assam.","Notes on Indian birds. III. Birds from Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/20/mode/1up","Parus major vauriei"],["20765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus stupae","Koelz, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"central and Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6C01095",null,null,"Sanchi, Bhopal.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/83/mode/1up","Parus major stupae"],["20766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus mahrattarum","Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Kerala) and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9660567D",null,null,"Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon.","Miscellanea Ornithologica. Critical, nomenclatorial, and other notes, mostly on Palaearctic birds and their allies. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/513/mode/1up","Parus major mahrattarum"],["20767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus templorum","Meyer de Schauensee, 1946","Notulae Naturae 169 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Thailand southeastward to southern Laos, northern Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-426D8EAF",null,null,"Wat Pa, central Thailand.","On some forms of Parus major found in eastern and southern Siam.",null,"Parus major templorum"],["20768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus hainanus","Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39DA39C0",null,null,"Hainan.","Miscellanea Ornithologica. Critical, nomenclatorial, and other notes, mostly on Palaearctic birds and their allies. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/513/mode/1up","Parus major hainanus"],["20769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus ambiguus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-484D6031",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/343/mode/1up","Turdus ambiguus"],["20770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus sarawacensis","Slater, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.11 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (western Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D6CAEB9",null,null,"Bungal Hills [probably = Bengo Range] , Sarawak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/371/mode/1up","Parus sarawacensis"],["20771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus cinereus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and western Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F94A29D9",null,null,"Batavia, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/334/mode/1up","Parus cinereus"],["20772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus minor","Temminck & Schlegel, 1848","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.70, pl.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Russia to Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu and Izu Islands), Korean Peninsula, southwestern China, and eastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16C92C44",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/80/mode/1up","Parus minor"],["20773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus dageletensis","Kuroda & Mori, 1920","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 2, no.10 p.270 (japonais), 278 (anglais)",null,null,null,null,null,"Ulleungdo (off eastern South Korea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-894258C8",null,null,"Dagelet Island, Corea [Ulleungdo, South Korea].","A list of the birds of Dagelet Island, Corea, with detailed reference to some species.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.2.10_265","Parus major dageletensis"],["20774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus amamiensis","Kleinschmidt, 1922","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 18, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ryukyu Islands (Amami Ōshima and Tokuno-Shima, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE56B0D4",null,null,"Amami, northern Riu Kiu Islands.","Neues","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/302/mode/1up","Parus major amamiensis"],["20775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus okinawae","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa and Yagachi, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63E4A306",null,null,"Okinawa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/420/mode/1up","Parus major okinawae"],["20776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus nigriloris","Hellmayr, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Ishigaki and Iriomote (Yaeyama Islands, southwestern Ryukyu Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53DBB428",null,null,"Ishigaki (südliche Gruppe der Liu-Kiuinseln). [=Ishigaki, southern Riu Kiu Islands, Yaeyama Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan].","Über eine neue Meise, P. nigriloris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/157/mode/1up","P[arus] nigriloris"],["20777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus tibetanus","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet, southwestern and south-central China, to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BA7D4B6",null,null,"Chaksam, Tsangpo valley, Tibet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/420/mode/1up","Parus major tibetanus"],["20778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus commixtus","Swinhoe, 1868","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.63-64",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (south of the Yangtze) to Hong Kong and central Vietnam (eastern Tonkin and coastal central Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B049F969",null,null,"Tingchow Mountains, Fohkien, China.","Ornithological Notes from Amoy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/87/mode/1up","Parus commixtus"],["20779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Parus cinereus nubicolus","Meyer de Schauensee, 1946","Notulae Naturae 169 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to northern Thailand, northern Laos, and far western Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D3B1B22",null,null,"Doi Pa Horn Pok, Thailand-South Shan States border.","On some forms of Parus major found in eastern and southern Siam.",null,"Parus major nubicolus"],["20780","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus spilonotus [Blyth]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 37). = Parus spilonotus Bonaparte, 1850",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/107/mode/1up","Machlolophus"],["20781","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus nuchalis","(Jerdon, 1845)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.131","White-naped Tit","White-naped Tit","White-naped Tit",null,null,"patchily distributed semiarid thorn forest of western and southern India",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711924","whwtit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwtit2","avibase-ACF0445B",null,null,"Eastern Ghats, India.","Second Supplement to the Catalogue of the Birds of Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/433/mode/1up","Parus nuchalis"],["20782","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus holsti","(Seebohm, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.7","Yellow Tit","Taiwan Yellow Tit","Yellow Tit",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711939","yeltit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeltit2","avibase-171B0084",null,null,"Formosa.","[Two new species of birds from the interior of Formosa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/233/mode/1up","Parus holsti"],["20783","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus spilonotus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.228","Yellow-cheeked Tit","Yellow-cheeked Tit","Yellow-cheeked Tit",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, and bamboo thickets, from eastern Nepal and northeastern India eastward to southeastern China, and southward to western Thailand and southern Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711934","yectit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yectit1","avibase-AEF498CA",null,null,"Darjeeling;",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/364/mode/1up","Parus spilonotus"],["20784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus spilonotus spilonotus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas and adjacent northeastern Myanmar to southern Tibet and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EA99ED0",null,null,"Darjeeling;",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/364/mode/1up","Parus spilonotus"],["20785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus spilonotus subviridis","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Indian hill states to Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northwestern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50F66626",null,null,"Tenasserim, 3,500 ft.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/311/mode/1up","Parus subviridis"],["20786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus spilonotus rex","(David, 1874)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.3-6, art.9 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China to northwestern Vietnam and northeastern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFB55DD6",null,null,"Kuatun, western Fohkien, China.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/307/mode/1up","Parus (Machlolophus) rex"],["20787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus spilonotus basileus","Delacour, 1932","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau) and southern Vietnam (southern Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CAF38EE",null,null,"Thateng, Bolovens Plateau, southern Laos, Indochina.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/439/mode/1up","Machlolophus xanthogenys basileus"],["20788","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus xanthogenys","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23","Himalayan Black-lored Tit","Himalayan Black-lored Tit",null,"2025-1102","Taxon <em>aplonotus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Machlolophus xanthogenys</em> based on differences in female plumage and vocalizations (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005), supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Johansson et al. 2013). However, further research is needed to affirm this split.","foothills of western Himalayas",null,null,null,"blltit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blltit1","avibase-885D7623",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Parus xanthogenys"],["20789","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus aplonotus","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.444-445","Indian Black-lored Tit","Indian Yellow Tit",null,"2025-1102","Taxon <em>aplonotus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Machlolophus xanthogenys</em> based on differences in female plumage and vocalizations (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005), supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Johansson et al. 2013). However, further research is needed to affirm this split.","oak, pine and evergreen forest and woodland, bamboo and ban oak forest from southern Rajasthan southward along the Western Ghats to southern Peninsular India, and from southern Jharkhand, in northeastern India, southward along the Eastern Ghats to the Godavari River",null,null,null,"indtit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indtit1","avibase-F45DB0EB",null,null,"mountains of central India ; restricted to Chaibasa, Singhbhun, Bengal, by Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 35, p. 520.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/500/mode/1up","Parus aplonotus"],["20790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus aplonotus aplonotus","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.444-445",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70C28233",null,null,"mountains of central India ; restricted to Chaibasa, Singhbhun, Bengal, by Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 35, p. 520.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/500/mode/1up","Parus aplonotus"],["20791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Machlolophus aplonotus travancoreensis","Whistler & Kinnear, 1932","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35 p.520",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1596CC7D",null,null,"Mynall, Travancore, southern India.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part I.","https://ia800309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalofbomb35341932bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalofbomb35341932bomb&server=ia800309.us.archive.org&page=n129_w465","Machlolophus xanthogenys travancoreensis"],["20792","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus niger [Vieillot, 1818]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 38).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/364/mode/1up","Melaniparus"],["20793","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus guineensis","(Shelley, 1900)","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 2 p.229","White-shouldered Black Tit","White-shouldered Black-Tit","Pale-eyed Black Tit",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia savanna, open woodland, gallery forest, and thornscrub, from Senegambia and southern Mauritania eastward to southern Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia, and southward to central Ivory Coast, northern Cameroon, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711820","whsblt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsblt1","avibase-5C70AA7D",null,null,"Volta River, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/245/mode/1up","Parus leucomelas guineensis"],["20794","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus leucomelas","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.100","White-winged Black Tit","White-winged Black-Tit","Dark-eyed Black Tit",null,null,"varied woodland types of hills and mountains in Eritrea and Ethiopia, and disjunctly Gabon eastward to central Uganda, southward to southern Angola and southern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731092","whwblt3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwblt3","avibase-BD4E697F",null,null,"Halei Province, Temben, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/180/mode/1up","Parus leucomelas"],["20795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus leucomelas leucomelas","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32D7E211",null,null,"Halei Province, Temben, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/180/mode/1up","Parus leucomelas"],["20796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus leucomelas insignis","(Cabanis, 1881)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.152 p.419-420",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1897F763",null,null,"Malanje, Angola; fide Reichenow, 1905, Vög. Afr., 3, p. 513.","[Drei neue Arten aus den Sammlungen Otto Schütt's aus Südwest-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/431/mode/1up","Parus (Pentheres) insignis"],["20797","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus rufiventris","(Bocage, 1877)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.161","Rufous-bellied Tit","Rufous-bellied Tit",null,"2025-1025","Taxon <em>pallidiventris </em>(polytypic, including <em>stenotopicus</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Melaniparus rufiventris</em> based on available evidence. Plumage traits vary clinally, the importance of eye color is questioned, and intergradation is widespread (Anderson 2015). Furthermore, Johansson et al.’s (2013) genetic data, which are sometimes used to support this split, do not contain DNA sequences for <em>M</em>. [<em>r.</em>] <em>pallidiventris </em>(see Anderson 2015).","broadleaf woodland in hills from western Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola eastward to southeastern Tanzania, southward to northern Namibia and western Mozambique",null,null,null,"rubtit3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubtit3","avibase-5BA4088C",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/173/mode/1up","Parus rufiventris"],["20798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus rufiventris rufiventris","(Bocage, 1877)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Congo and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to central Angola and central Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB72811E",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/173/mode/1up","Parus rufiventris"],["20799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus rufiventris masukuensis","(Shelley, 1900)","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B2F9D4A",null,null,"Masuku Range, northern Nyasaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/254/mode/1up","Parus masukuensis"],["20800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus rufiventris diligens","(Clancey, 1979)","Durban Museum Novitates 12, no.5 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola, northern Namibia, southwestern Zambia and northwestern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-948CE486",null,null,"Andara, Okavango R, north-eastern South West Africa (Namibia). 15 May, 1979. Collected by M. O. E. Baddeley.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 55. A further race of Parus rufiventris Bocage from the middle and lower Okavango R. drainage.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2269","Parus rufiventris diligens"],["20801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus rufiventris pallidiventris","(Reichenow, 1885)","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.170 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania, southern Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-037CD134",null,null,"Kakoma, Tabora district, Tanganyika.","[Über eine Anzahl von Bälgen, welche der Afrikareisende Teusz während seines Aufenthaltes am Stanley Pool gesammelt hat].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/229/mode/1up","Parus pallidiventris"],["20802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus rufiventris stenotopicus","(Clancey, 1989)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109, no.3 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and west-central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C37DEF8B",null,null,"Mt Maienji (Mwenji), Odzi district, Mashonaland, Zimbabwe, at 18°56’S, 32°21’E, 12 December 1953. Collected by M. P. Stuart Irwin","The southern isolate of Parus rufiventris pallidiventris Reichenow, 1885.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/152/mode/1up","Parus rufiventris stenotopicus"],["20803","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus albiventris","(Shelley, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.116","White-bellied Tit","White-bellied Tit","White-bellied Tit",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane acacia woodland, evergreen forest edge, riverine woodland, orchards, and gardens, in Cameroon highlands and adjacent southwestern Nigeria, and from southeastern South Sudan, eastern Uganda, and western Kenya southward to south-central Tanzania highlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711839","whbtit5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtit5","avibase-C8880D28",null,null,"Ugogo, northern Tanganyika Territory.","On new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/148/mode/1up","Parus albiventris"],["20804","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus carpi","(Macdonald & Hall, 1957)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 23 p.33","Carp's Tit","Carp's Tit","Carp's Tit",null,null,"foothill savanna, thickets in grassland, acacia woodland, and undergrowth in dry mopane woodland, from western Angola southward to northwestern and central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732625","cartit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cartit2","avibase-CB39188F",null,null,"Warmquelle, Kaokoveld, South West Africa.","Ornithological results of the Bernard Carp/Transvaal Museum expedition to the Kaokoveld, 1951.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_355","Parus niger carpi"],["20805","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus niger","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.325","Southern Black Tit","Southern Black-Tit","Southern Black Tit",null,null,"varied woodland types to gardens of lowlands and hills from eastern Angola eastward to southern Tanzania, and southward to northern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103762456","soublt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soublt1","avibase-6EF0803B",null,null,"Sondag [= Sunday] River, eastern Cape Province (ex Levaillant, pl. 137).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/345/mode/1up","Parus niger"],["20806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus niger ravidus","(Clancey, 1964)","Durban Museum Novitates 7, no.7 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia to Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0EF4BA5",null,null,"Mkien Farm at lat. 19° 5r S., long. 28° 36' E., near Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 22. 2. Subspeciation in the Black Tit Parus niger Vieillot.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1803","Parus niger ravidus"],["20807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus niger xanthostomus","(Shelley, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, and southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F308DF4",null,null,"Zambezi ; restricted to Victoria Falls by Clancey, 1964, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 174.","New species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/32/mode/1up","Parus xanthostomus"],["20808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus niger niger","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini, and eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4981508",null,null,"Sondag [= Sunday] River, eastern Cape Province (ex Levaillant, pl. 137).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/345/mode/1up","Parus niger"],["20809","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus funereus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.104","Dusky Tit","Dusky Tit","Dusky Tit",null,null,"forest including gallery forest of hills and mountains from Sierra Leone patchily eastward to western Kenya and southward to Gabon and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and west-central Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711852","dustit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dustit2","avibase-5C54F8C9",null,null,"Gabon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/116/mode/1up","Melanoparus funereus"],["20810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus funereus funereus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45F2BC81",null,null,"Gabon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/116/mode/1up","Melanoparus funereus"],["20811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus funereus gabela","(Traylor, 1961)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola (Gabela escarpment)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2A5259A",null,null,"15 kilometers south of Gabela, Cuanza Sul, Angola.","A new race of Parus funereus (Verreaux).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/25/mode/1up","Parus funereus gabela"],["20812","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus griseiventris","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.210","Miombo Tit","Miombo Tit","Miombo Tit",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane open and mature miombo woodland from central Angola eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Tanzania and western Malawi, and southward to Zimbabwe and adjacent western Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711889","miotit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miotit2","avibase-CC1DF030",null,null,"Kakoma, Tabora District, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/222/mode/1up","Parus griseiventris"],["20813","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus fasciiventer","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.31","Stripe-breasted Tit","Stripe-breasted Tit","Stripe-breasted Tit",null,null,"montane forest of Albertine Rift, in southwestern Uganda, east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711875","stbtit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbtit2","avibase-57C44300",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/45/mode/1up","Parus fasciiventer"],["20814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus fasciiventer fasciiventer","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99B2B284",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/45/mode/1up","Parus fasciiventer"],["20815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus fasciiventer tanganjicae","(Reichenow, 1909)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A4E561",null,null,"forest west of Lake Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/60/mode/1up","Parus fasciiventer tanganjicae"],["20816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus fasciiventer kaboboensis","(Prigogine, 1957)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 55 (1-2) p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E0DAF76",null,null,"Mount Kabobo, 2,080 m.","Trois nouveaux oiseaux de l'est du Congo belge.",null,"Parus fasciiventer kaboboensis"],["20817","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus fringillinus","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.56","Red-throated Tit","Red-throated Tit","Red-throated Tit",null,null,"foothill open acacia woodland, riverine woodland, and lightly wooded savanna, from southern Kenya southward to north-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711869","rettit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rettit2","avibase-92FDBAF0",null,null,"foot of Mt. Meru, Arusha, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/68/mode/1up","Parus fringillinus"],["20818","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus thruppi","(Shelley, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.406 pl.XI","Acacia Tit","Somali Tit","Somali Tit",null,null,"dry acacia of lowlands to hills in northeastern Africa from northern Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward to far northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711881","somtit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somtit4","avibase-610FFD8E",null,null,"Somaliland ['near centre of plateau,' south of Burao] .","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/458/mode/1up","Parus thruppi"],["20819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus thruppi thruppi","(Shelley, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.406 pl.XI",null,null,null,null,null,"dry acacia of Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD6D1C6",null,null,"Somaliland ['near centre of plateau,' south of Burao] .","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/458/mode/1up","Parus thruppi"],["20820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus thruppi barakae","(Jackson, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.20 p.639",null,null,null,null,null,"dry acacia of southwestern Somalia to Kenya, Uganda, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C364A15D",null,null,"Njemps, Lake Baringo, Kenya.","List of Birds obtained in British East Africa. Part I. With Notes by R. B. Sharpe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/703/mode/1up","Parus barakae"],["20821","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus leuconotus","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.162","White-backed Black Tit","White-backed Black-Tit","White-backed Black Tit",null,null,"submontane to montane juniper forest, giant heath forest, and bamboo, in highlands of Ethiopia and southern Eritrea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711845","whbblt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbblt1","avibase-1A289D90",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Oiseaux nouveaux d'Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/170/mode/1up","Parus leuconotus"],["20822","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus afer","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1010","Grey Tit","Gray Tit","Grey Tit",null,null,"dry thornscrub and fynbos of hills from south-central Namibia eastward to Lesotho, and southward to Cape region of South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711902","grytit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grytit1","avibase-3814F5D0",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/511/mode/1up","Parus afer"],["20823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus afer arens","(Clancey, 1963)","Durban Museum Novitates 6 (19) p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Africa and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DF32A78",null,null,"Farm 'Elandshoek,' south of Aliwal North, northeastern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 20. 3. Notes, mainly systematic, on some birds from the Cape Province.",null,"Parus afer arens"],["20824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus afer afer","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1010",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and southwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A221A5C",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/511/mode/1up","Parus afer"],["20825","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus cinerascens","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.316","Ashy Tit","Ashy Tit","Ashy Tit",null,null,"southwestern Angola eastward through Zimbabwe and southward to northern Cape and Free State, in south-central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711896","ashtit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashtit2","avibase-42478D2D",null,null,"Camdeboo, apparently on Orange River ; restricted to Pelladrift, northern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1958, Ibis, 100, p. 453.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/334/mode/1up","Parus cinerascens"],["20826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus cinerascens benguelae","(Hall & Traylor, 1959)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 79 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola and far northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC4A9576",null,null,"12 miles southeast of Benguella, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125532#page/79/mode/1up","Parus afer benguelae"],["20827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Melaniparus cinerascens cinerascens","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia to Botswana, Zimbabwe, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD7E33B0",null,null,"Camdeboo, apparently on Orange River ; restricted to Pelladrift, northern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1958, Ibis, 100, p. 453.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/334/mode/1up","Parus cinerascens"],["20828","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus","de Sélys Longchamps, 1884","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 9 p.43,59",null,null,null,"2025-1101","Genus <em>Pardaliparus </em>is subsumed as a subgenus within <em>Periparus </em>based on the mitochondrial-dominated DNA data of Johansson et al. (2013); divergence between <em>Periparus </em>and <em>Pardaliparus </em>is no greater than within some other parid genera.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus ater [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Periparus"],["20829","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus venustulus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.133","Yellow-bellied Tit","Yellow-bellied Tit","Yellow-bellied Tit",null,null,"mixed woodland of eastern, central, and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711795","yebtit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtit4","avibase-219D942F",null,null,"gorges of Yangtze between Kweifoo (Szechwan) and Ichang (Hupeh).","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds procured during a cruise up the River Yangtsze (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/177/mode/1up","Parus venustulus"],["20830","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus amabilis","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.338","Palawan Tit","Palawan Tit","Palawan Tit",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Balabac, Calauit, and Palawan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711805","paltit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paltit2","avibase-15DACC11",null,null,"Balabac, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/460/mode/1up","Parus amabilis"],["20831","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.456","Elegant Tit","Elegant Tit","Elegant Tit",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711800","eletit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eletit2","avibase-EF7D309C",null,null,"no locality; Manila, Luzon, designated by Parkes, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71, p. 100.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/494/mode/1up","Parus elegans"],["20832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans edithae","(McGregor, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2, section A p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Calayan and Camiguin Norte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB6E0EA8",null,null,"Calayan Island, Babuyan Group, northern Philippines.","Descriptions of four new Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/408/mode/1up","Pardaliparus edithae"],["20833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans montigenus","(Hachisuka, 1930)","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northwestern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03456202",null,null,"Haight's Place, 2,469 m., near Baguio, Mountain Province, Luzon.",null,null,"Pardaliparus elegans montigenus"],["20834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans gilliardi","(Parkes, 1958)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Bataan Peninsula of central Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FE3FFA1",null,null,"Lamao, Bataan Province, Luzon.","A revision of the Philippine Elegant Titmouse (Parus elegans).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/354/mode/1up","Parus elegans gilliardi"],["20835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans elegans","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (central and southern Luzon, Panay, Mindoro, and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D748DFF5",null,null,"no locality; Manila, Luzon, designated by Parkes, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71, p. 100.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/494/mode/1up","Parus elegans"],["20836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans visayanus","(Hachisuka, 1930)","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Cebu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07E7C13E",null,null,"Danao, Cebu, Philippine Islands.",null,null,"Pardaliparus elegans visayanus"],["20837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans albescens","(McGregor, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2, section A p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Guimaras, Masbate, Negros, and Ticao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A46F50A9",null,null,"Ticao Island, Philippine Islands.","Descriptions of four new Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/407/mode/1up","Pardaliparus albescens"],["20838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans mindanensis","(Mearns, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Biliran, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B4465DF",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 6,200 ft., Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/26/mode/1up","Pardaliparus elegans mindanensis"],["20839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans suluensis","(Mearns, 1916)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 51, no.2142 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Jolo, Tawitawi, and Sanga Sanga, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD4B08CA",null,null,"Sulu, Philippine Islands.","On the geographical forms of the Philippine Elegant Tit-mouse, Pardaliparus elegans (Lesson), with descriptions of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32862#page/111/mode/1up","Pardaliparus elegans suluensis"],["20840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus elegans bongaoensis","(Parkes, 1958)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Bongao (Sulu Archipelago, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABA24282",null,null,"Bongao Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands.","A revision of the Philippine Elegant Titmouse (Parus elegans).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/361/mode/1up","Parus elegans bongaoensis"],["20841","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190","Coal Tit","Coal Tit","Coal Tit",null,null,"lowland to montane conifer and mixed forest, and juniper woodland, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Kamchatka and Japan (Hokkaido to Yakushima), and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Himalayas, southeastern China and Taiwan; downslope movement in winter, occasional irruptive wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735965","coatit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coatit2","avibase-166CD440",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 356.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus ater"],["20842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater britannicus","(Sharpe & Dresser, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.48 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"Britain and northeastern Ireland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-638A7F3F",null,null,"England ; restricted to Avington, Hampshire, by Grant, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 23.","LIV. On two undescribed Species of European Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/451/mode/1up","Parus britannicus"],["20843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater hibernicus","(Ingram, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Ireland (except far northeastern, in County Down)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA12AA9C",null,null,"Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/65/mode/1up","Parus hibernicus"],["20844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater ater","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"continental Europe to Siberia, Mongolia, Sakhalin, and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1D25F1F",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 356.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus ater"],["20845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater vieirae","(Nicholson, 1906)","Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society 50 (13) p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC299265",null,null,"Coimbra, Portugal.","Notes on the Palaearctic species of Coal-Tits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39665#page/386/mode/1up","Parus vieirae"],["20846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater sardus","(Kleinschmidt, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B3FC444",null,null,"Arzana, Sardinia.","Parus sardus, form. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/204/mode/1up","Parus sardus"],["20847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater atlas","(Meade-Waldo, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-733D25EC",null,null,"Atlas Mountains, Morocco.","On three new species of birds from Marocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/283/mode/1up","Parus atlas"],["20848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater ledouci","(Malherbe, 1845)","Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle 3ème cahier p.57-58",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Africa (northern Tunisia and northern Algeria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58BA4B29",null,null,"Bone, Algeria.","Catalogue raisonné d'Oiseaux de l'Algérie, comprenant la description de plusieurs espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105380#page/71/mode/1up","Parus ledouci"],["20849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater cypriotes","(Guillemard, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6 p.119 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04660132",null,null,"Kikko Monastery, 4,000 ft., Cyprus.","Ornithological notes of a tour in Cyprus in 1887","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/147/mode/1up","Parus Cypriotes"],["20850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater moltchanovi","(Menzbier, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E07A42FD",null,null,"Jaila Mountains, Crimea.","On new species of Paridae from the Crimea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/421/mode/1up","Parus moltchanovi"],["20851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater michalowskii","(Bogdanov, 1879)","Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoipytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitetie 8, no.4 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus and Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74852D47",null,null,"Kirschalevi, Suram Pass, western Transcaucasia.",null,null,"Parus Michalowskii"],["20852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater derjugini","Zarudny & Loudon, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Türkiye, western Georgia, and Black Sea coast of Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C753DAA",null,null,"'Tschoroch district, Caucasus' [=Chorok, Lasistan, northeastern Asia Minor] .","Einige neue Spezies uns Subspezies paläarktischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/147/mode/1up","Periparus ater L. var. derjugini"],["20853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater eckodedicatus","(Martens, Tietze & Sun, 2006)","Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 55 p.116 (appendix 1)",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern to central China (Gansu southward to Yunnan and eastward to Shaanxi and Jiangxi; perhaps also Qinghai, southeastern Tibet, and far northeastern Himalayas?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7052103D",null,null,"China, Sichuan, Wawu Shan, 2650 m, J. Martens & D. T. Tietze leg. 13 May 2002; 29°38’N, 102°57’E","Molecular phylogeny of Parus (Periparus), a Eurasian radiation of tits (Aves: Passeriformes: Paridae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236033715","Parus ater eckodedicatus"],["20854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater phaeonotus","(Blanford, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.9 p.88-89",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Azerbaijan, northern Iran, and southwestern Turkmenistan; status in southwestern Iran (Zagros Mountains) unclear, perhaps only a rare nonbreeding visitor",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7354019D",null,null,"oak forests near Shiraz, southern Iran.","Descriptions of new Species of Nectarinia, Sitta, and Parus from Persia and Baluchistan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/110/mode/1up","Parus phaeonotus"],["20855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater rufipectus","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.134 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Kazakhstan (Tian Shan Mountains) to northwestern China (Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D558DFD",null,null,"central Tian Shan.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Parus ater var. rufipectus"],["20856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater martensi","(Eck, 1998)","Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 50 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Kali Gandaki area (central Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7993D136",null,null,"Thakkhola, Mustang District, Nepal","Parus ater martensi subspec. nov., die Tannenmeise der Thakkhola, Nepal (Aves: Passeriformes: Paridae).",null,"Parus ater martensi"],["20857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater melanolophus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of eastern Afghanistan to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F171CF70",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Parus melanolophus"],["20858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater aemodius","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.943",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas; northeastern Myanmar and Tibet?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-856E76E9",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/489/mode/1up","Parus aemodius"],["20859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater pekinensis","(Verreaux, 1868)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.10, no.2 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China (southern Liaoning to Shaanxi and Shantung Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ACCA04B",null,null,"near Peking, China",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92537#page/78/mode/1up","Parus pekinensis"],["20860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater insularis","(Hellmayr, 1902)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 13 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kuril Islands, Japan (Hokkaido to Yakushima), and Jeju Island (South Korea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B5142E4",null,null,"Suruga, Honshu, Japan.","Untersuchungen über einige paläarktische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209500#page/50/mode/1up","Parus ater insularis"],["20861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater kuatunensis","(La Touche, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern China (Anhui, Fujian, and Zhejiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-306DB248",null,null,"Kuatun [Guadun], northwestern Fohkien [Fujian], China.","Description of new forms from S.E. Yunnan and N.W. Fohkien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/61/mode/1up","Parus ater kuatunensis"],["20862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus ater ptilosus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6C365C6",null,null,"Mount Arizan, Formosa.","On four new species and subspecies from Mount Arizan, Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/138/mode/1up","Parus ater ptilosus"],["20863","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus rufonuchalis","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.810","Rufous-naped Tit","Rufous-naped Tit","Rufous-naped Tit",null,null,"southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan, northwestern China (western Xinjiang), northwestern and eastern Afghanistan, western and northern Pakistan, and eastward in Himalayas to west-central Nepal (Kali Gandaki Gorge)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711775","bkbtit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbtit2","avibase-59DFB1CC",null,null,"'Range beyond Simla, near the snow-line, northwestern Himalayas.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/174/mode/1up","Parus rufonuchalis"],["20864","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus rubidiventris","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.445","Rufous-vented Tit","Rufous-vented Tit","Rufous-vented Tit",null,null,"montane forest, broadleaf woodland, and rhododendron scrub at tree-line, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to Tibet and central China, and southward to northern Myanmar; post-breeding downslope movement",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711780","ruvtit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvtit2","avibase-D5567296",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/501/mode/1up","Parus rubidiventris"],["20865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus rubidiventris rubidiventris","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"rhododendron forest of northwestern India to central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-447A0871",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/501/mode/1up","Parus rubidiventris"],["20866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus rubidiventris beavani","(Jerdon, 1863)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7560D68E",null,null,"Mount Tonglo, Sikkim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/289/mode/1up","Lophophanes Beavani"],["20867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus rubidiventris whistleri","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Yunnan, Sichuan (southern and central China) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-683FBA2B",null,null,"Lau-hu-kou, southern Tetung Mountains, northwestern Kansu.","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu VII.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0105-0108.pdf#page=3","Parus rufonuchalis whistleri"],["20868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Periparus rubidiventris saramatii","(Ripley, 1961)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 58 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Myanmar (Mount Saramati in Naga Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0EDAA77",null,null,"Mount Saramati, 10,500 ft., Naga Hills, Burma.","Some bird records from northern Burma with a description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183055#page/324/mode/1up","Parus rubidiventris saramatii"],["20869","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.92",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus cristatus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 8).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/120/mode/1up","Lophophanes"],["20870","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes dichrous","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.943","Grey-crested Tit","Gray-crested Tit","Grey-crested Tit",null,null,"montane coniferous and broadleaf forest from Kashmir eastward through Himalayas to southern Tibet and central China, and southward to northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711815","gyctit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyctit1","avibase-85491713",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to high altitudes of north-central Nepal by Biswas, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/489/mode/1up","Parus dichrous"],["20871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes dichrous kangrae","Whistler, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of Kashmir to northern India (Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-732A93A5",null,null,"Koti State, near Simla, northwestern India.","Description of a new subspecies of Crested Tit from the Western Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/58/mode/1up","Lophophanes dichrous kangrae"],["20872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes dichrous dichrous","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.943",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of western Nepal to Arunachal Pradesh and southern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30E2272D",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to high altitudes of north-central Nepal by Biswas, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/489/mode/1up","Parus dichrous"],["20873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes dichrous dichroides","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tibet to southwestern China (northern Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, and Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D6168DF",null,null,"Kansu.",null,null,"Lophophanes dichroides"],["20874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes dichrous wellsi","(Stuart Baker, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar and southern China (western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-776E1D8C",null,null,"Big Bend of the Yangtze, western Yunnan, China.","Description of new subspecies of Indian and Siamese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/34/mode/1up","Parus dichrous wellsi"],["20875","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189","Crested Tit","Crested Tit","Crested Tit",null,null,"foothill to montane coniferous forest, open mixed woodland, and parks, from Scotland and Scandinavia eastward to Ural Mountains (Russia), and southward to Iberian Peninsula, northern Italy, and Greece; can be nomadic in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711810","cretit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cretit2","avibase-E5531933",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 363.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Parus cristatus"],["20876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus scoticus","Pražák, 1897","Journal für Ornithologie 45, no.3 p.347,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Scotland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9C0A57A",null,null,"Scotland ; restricted to Strath Spey by Clancey, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 108.","Materialen zu einer Ornis Ost-Galiziens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103562#page/369/mode/1up","Lophophanes cristatus scotica"],["20877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus abadiei","(Jouard, 1929)","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 1, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern France (Bretagne)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4A58B70",null,null,"Lambezellec, Brittany, France.","De la variabilité géographique de Parus cristatus dans l'Europe occidentale.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1929_T001_N001","Parus cristatus abadiei"],["20878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus weigoldi","(Tratz, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Portugal and southern Spain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88DDC0BA",null,null,"Favaios and Alijo, Portugal [reference not verified] .","Drei neue iberische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/62/mode/1up","Parus cristatus weigoldi"],["20879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Fenno-Scandia to European Russia, northern Urals, and Ukraine",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC00E574",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 363.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Parus cristatus"],["20880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus baschkirikus","Snigirevski, 1931","Journal für Ornithologie 79, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Urals",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FAAE62E",null,null,"Miass, southern Urals, Russia.","Zur Verbreitung der Vögel im südlichen Ural-Gebirge und neue Unterarten aus dieser Gegend.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_79_1931_0057-0066.pdf#page=3","Lophophanes cristatus baschkirikus"],["20881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus mitratus","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.467-468",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-133D840B",null,null,"Black Forest, Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/499/mode/1up","Parus mitratus"],["20882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Lophophanes cristatus bureschi","(Jordans, 1940)","Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sofia 13 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Albania to Bulgaria and Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24346B12",null,null,"Pirin Mountain, above Bansko, Bulgaria.","Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Vogelwelt Bulgariens.",null,"Parus cristatus Bureschi"],["20883","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus bicolor [Linnaeus]; type by original designation = Parus bicolor Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/107/mode/1up","Baeolophus"],["20884","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus wollweberi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31 p.478","Bridled Titmouse","Bridled Titmouse","Bridled Titmouse",null,null,"oak woodland and riparian areas mostly in mountains of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico in the west, and central Nuevo León in the east, to transvolcanic belt and through south-central Oaxaca (northeastern to south-central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711969","britit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/britit","avibase-4CB87DBB",null,null,"State of Zacatecas, Mexico.","Sur deux espèces nouvelles de Paridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/488/mode/1up","Lophophanes wollweberi"],["20885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus wollweberi vandevenderi","(Rea, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-juniper forest of Arizona and New Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F261F86",null,null,"Syscamore Creek, 1.2-3.3 mi (1.9-5.5 km) N Sunflower, NE Maricopa Co., Arizona",null,null,"Parus wollweberi vandevenderi"],["20886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus wollweberi phillipsi","(Van Rossem, 1947)","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona (south of Gila River) to northwestern Mexico (Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2E20513",null,null,"Yank Spring, 4,000 ft., Sycamore Canon, Pajaritos Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona.","Two races of the Bridled Titmouse.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25059#page/9/mode/1up","Parus wollweberi phillipsi"],["20887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus wollweberi wollweberi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31 p.478",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern highlands of Mexico (Durango to Nuevo León)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A26A5CBA",null,null,"State of Zacatecas, Mexico.","Sur deux espèces nouvelles de Paridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/488/mode/1up","Lophophanes wollweberi"],["20888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus wollweberi caliginosus","(Van Rossem, 1947)","Fieldiana Zoology 31 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EA51931",null,null,"Omilteme, 8,000 ft., Guerrero, Mexico.","Two races of the Bridled Titmouse.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25059#page/9/mode/1up","Parus wollweberi caliginosus"],["20889","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus bicolor","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.340","Tufted Titmouse","Tufted Titmouse","Tufted Titmouse",null,null,"south-central Canada (Ontario) to eastern, central, and southeastern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711983","tuftit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tuftit","avibase-B488AB70",null,null,"'in America septentrionali' [= South Carolina] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/344/mode/1up","Parus bicolor"],["20890","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus atricristatus","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.103","Black-crested Titmouse","Black-crested Titmouse","Black-crested Titmouse",null,null,"deciduous to evergreen forest, woodland, orchards, and gardens in southwestern Oklahoma, far eastern New Mexico, and Texas (south-central USA) southward to central Veracruz (southeastern Mexico), with an isolated population in Sierra de los Tuxtlas (southern Veracruz; current status unclear)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711989","blctit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctit4","avibase-66698D9B",null,null,"Rio Grande, Texas ; restricted to Rio Grande between Brownsville and Rio Grande City by Allen, 1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 23, p. 476.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/123/mode/1up","Parus atricristatus"],["20891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus atricristatus paloduro","Stevenson, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Texas panhandle and southwestern Oklahoma; southwestern Texas (USA) and northwestern Coahuila (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-312D0614",null,null,"Harold Ranch, Palo Duro Canyon (18 miles east of Canyon, Randall County), Armstrong County, Texas,","Two new Birds from north-western Texas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/35/mode/1up","Baeolophus atricristatus paloduro"],["20892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus atricristatus sennetti","Ridgway, 1904","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.3 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Texas (southward to Brooks County, westward to Terrell County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8683B53",null,null,"Leon Springs, Bexar County, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32323#page/412/mode/1up","Baeolophus atricristatus sennetti"],["20893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus atricristatus atricristatus","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (northeastern Coahuila and Tamaulipas to southern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98B16F05",null,null,"Rio Grande, Texas ; restricted to Rio Grande between Brownsville and Rio Grande City by Allen, 1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 23, p. 476.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/123/mode/1up","Parus atricristatus"],["20894","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus ridgwayi","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.155","Juniper Titmouse","Juniper Titmouse","Juniper Titmouse",null,null,"arid juniper woodland in montane areas in southeastern Oregon eastward to southern Wyoming, southward to eastern California, far northeastern Sonora (northwestern Mexico), and far western Texas (south-central USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729143","juntit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/juntit1","avibase-E366AB90",null,null,"Iron City, Utah.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/191/mode/1up","Parus inornatus ridgwayi"],["20895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus ridgwayi ridgwayi","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"interior western North America (Idaho to Nevada, southeastern California, Arizona, and northeastern Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FF2A60B",null,null,"Iron City, Utah.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/191/mode/1up","Parus inornatus ridgwayi"],["20896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus ridgwayi zaleptus","Oberholser, 1932","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 4 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Oregon (east of Cascades) to Nevada and eastern California (Inyo County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13C07B08",null,null,"Rim of Warner Valley, Twenty Mile Creek, 9 miles south of Adel, Oregon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130526#page/7/mode/1up","Baeolophus inornatus zaleptus"],["20897","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus inornatus","(Gambel, 1845)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.10 p.265","Oak Titmouse","Oak Titmouse","Oak Titmouse",null,null,"oak woodland from lowlands to mountains of southern Oregon through California to northern, and disjunctly, far southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711978","oaktit","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oaktit","avibase-715D4DDE",null,null,"Upper California [= near Monterey, California, fide Gambel, 1847, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1, pl. 8].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/277/mode/1up","Parus inornatus"],["20898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus inornatus inornatus","(Gambel, 1845)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.10 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Oregon and northern California southward to southern California (Santa Barbara and Kern counties)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FB988FB",null,null,"Upper California [= near Monterey, California, fide Gambel, 1847, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1, pl. 8].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/277/mode/1up","Parus inornatus"],["20899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus inornatus affabilis","Grinnell & Swarth, 1926","University of California Publications in Zoology 30 no.5 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern California (Ventura County, USA) to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29D2A88D",null,null,"Concepcion, 6,000 ft., Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico.",null,null,"Baeolophus inornatus affabilis"],["20900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus inornatus mohavensis","(Miller, 1946)","The Condor 48, no.2 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Little San Bernardino Mountains of southern California (USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1249F91E",null,null,"Pinyon Wells, 4,000 ft.. Little San Bernardino Mountains, Riverside County, California.","Endemic birds of the Little San Bernardino Mountains, California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol48/iss2/3/","Parus inornatus mohavensis"],["20901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Baeolophus inornatus cineraceus","(Ridgway, 1883)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.360 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape district of southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D50BBB7",null,null,"Laguna (near Santiago), Cape district, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/168/mode/1up","Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus"],["20902","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus","de Sélys Longchamps, 1884","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 9, pp. 43 58",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus varius [Temminck & Schlegel, 1845]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Sittiparus"],["20903","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus semilarvatus","(Salvadori, 1866)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.375","White-fronted Tit","White-fronted Tit","White-fronted Tit",null,null,"Luzon and Mindanao (northern and southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711964","whftit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whftit2","avibase-5A832370",null,null,"Himalayas ; errore. Muscicapa luzoniensis Gmelin, 1789 [= M. tessacourbe Scopoli, 1786], is unidentifiable, fide Delacour, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 433.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/387/mode/1up","Melaniparus semilarvatus"],["20904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus semilarvatus snowi","(Parkes, 1971)","Nemouria 4 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northeastern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DD9A60A",null,null,"Barrio Disulap, San Mariano, Isabela Province, northern Luzon, Philippines","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/96/mode/1up","Parus semilarvatus snowi"],["20905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus semilarvatus semilarvatus","(Salvadori, 1866)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (central and southern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A758880",null,null,"Himalayas ; errore. Muscicapa luzoniensis Gmelin, 1789 [= M. tessacourbe Scopoli, 1786], is unidentifiable, fide Delacour, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 433.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/387/mode/1up","Melaniparus semilarvatus"],["20906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus semilarvatus nehrkorni","(Blasius, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003F51A7",null,null,"Davao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","Die von Herrn Dr. Platen und dessen Gemahlin im Sommer 1889 bei Davao auf Mindanao gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/159/mode/1up","Micropus Nehrkorni"],["20907","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus castaneoventris","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.280","Chestnut-bellied Tit","Chestnut-bellied Tit","Chestnut-bellied Tit",null,null,"Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103758936","vartit3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vartit3","avibase-73CC2EE9",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/334/mode/1up","Parus castaneoventris"],["20908","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus olivaceus","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.90","Iriomote Tit","Iriomote Tit","Iriomote Tit",null,null,"Iriomote and Ishigaki (Yaeyama Islands, southwestern Ryukyu Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103758992","vartit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vartit2","avibase-9ECF04CD",null,null,"Iriomote, Yayeyama Islands, southern Riu Kiu Islands.","Description of new subspecies from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/496/mode/1up","Sittiparus varius olivaceus"],["20909","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus owstoni","(Ijima, 1893)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 42 p.445","Owston's Tit","Owston's Tit","Izu Tit",null,null,"southern Izu Islands (Miyake-jima, Mikura-jima, and Hachijo-jima)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103758982","vartit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vartit4","avibase-3A79F96B",null,null,"Miyakeshima, Izu Islands, Japan.",null,null,"Parus Owstoni"],["20910","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus varius","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.71, pl.35","Varied Tit","Varied Tit","Varied Tit",null,null,"southern Kuril Islands, Japan, Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103758876","vartit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vartit1","avibase-B061340F",null,null,"Japan ; restricted to Honshu by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 354.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/81/mode/1up","Parus varius"],["20911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus varius varius","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.71, pl.35",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kuril Islands, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and main Japanese islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61479ADE",null,null,"Japan ; restricted to Honshu by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 354.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/81/mode/1up","Parus varius"],["20912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus varius sunsunpi","(Kuroda, 1919)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 31 p.230 (japonais), 232 (anglais)",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanegashima and Yakushima Islands (Ozumi Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBE5DB01",null,null,"Tanegashima, Osumi Group, southern Japan.","Descriptions of three new birds from the southern islands of Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38379#page/223/mode/1up","Parus varius sunsunpi"],["20913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus varius namiyei","(Kuroda, 1918)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 30 p.316 (japonais), 322 (anglais)",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Izu Islands (To-shima, Nii-jima, and Kozu-shima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-606EAFD8",null,null,"Niishima, Seven Islands (Izu Islands), Japan.","Description of a new subspecies of Parus varius from Niijma, one of the Seven Islands of Izu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38781#page/287/mode/1up","Parus varius namiyei"],["20914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus varius amamii","Kuroda, 1922","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 10 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"Amami Ōshima, Tokuno-Shima, and Okinawa (Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6C21E5D",null,null,"Amami, Riu Kiu Islands.","Description of four new birds from the Islands of Japan and Formosa.",null,"Sittiparus varius amamii"],["20915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Sittiparus varius orii","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Daito Islands (Kita-Daito-jima, Minami-Daito-jima, and Daito-jima); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-48B29667",null,null,"Minami-Daitojima, Borodino Islands, Riu Kiu Islands.","Description of new forms from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/527/mode/1up","Sittiparus varius orii"],["20916","genus","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus palustris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 8).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/142/mode/1up","Poecile"],["20917","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile superciliosus","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.53","White-browed Tit","White-browed Tit","White-browed Tit",null,null,"mountains of western China (Qinghai to southeastern Tibet, Gansu, and Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711740","whbtit4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtit4","avibase-7C21AB68",null,null,"alpine regions of Kansu, northwestern China.",null,null,"Poecile superciliosa"],["20918","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile lugubris","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.293","Sombre Tit","Sombre Tit","Sombre Tit",null,null,"dry Mediterranean scrub, bushes and open woodland, orchards, and hedgerows from northwestern Slovenia, northern Serbia, and northern Romania southward to southern Greece (including Crete), and eastward across Türkiye to southernmost Georgia, southern Armenia, adjacent Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran, adjacent Iraq, and southward to south-central Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761494","somtit3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somtit3","avibase-CEC34DA4",null,null,"Dalmatia and Hungary.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/421/mode/1up","Parus lugubris"],["20919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile lugubris lugubris","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southeastern Europe southward to northern Greece; Crete",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C0AF49A",null,null,"Dalmatia and Hungary.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/421/mode/1up","Parus lugubris"],["20920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile lugubris lugens","(Brehm, 1855)","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"montane central and southern Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82A324FA",null,null,"Greece ; type from Attica, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 483.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/279/mode/1up","Parus lugens"],["20921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile lugubris anatoliae","(Hartert, 1905)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Türkiye to southwestern Georgia eastward to northwestern Iran, and southward to northern Israel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37FEF2D3",null,null,"Ahoory, 5,000 ft., Asia Minor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/442/mode/1up","Parus lugubris anatoliae"],["20922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile lugubris dubius","(Hellmayr, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.2 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"western Iran (Zagros Mountains); winters to northeastern Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E97682B",null,null,"Shiraz, Fars, Iran.","Kritische Bemerkungen über die Paridae, Sittidae und Certhiidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/183/mode/1up","Parus lugubris dubius"],["20923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile lugubris kirmanensis","(Koelz, 1950)","American Museum Novitates no.1452 p.8-9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iran (mountains of Kerman region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B00246F",null,null,"Deh Bakri, west of Bam, Kirman, southeastern Iran.","New subspecies of birds from southwerstern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4237/","Parus lugubris kirmanensis"],["20924","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile davidi","Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891","Aves expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et confinia 1884-1887 p.113","Pere David's Tit","Pere David's Tit","Rusty-breasted Tit",null,null,"mountains of western China (Hubei to Shaanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711745","pedtit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pedtit1","avibase-057C6607",null,null,"southern Kansu, China.",null,null,"Poecile Davidi"],["20925","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190","Marsh Tit","Marsh Tit","Marsh Tit",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane mature deciduous woodland, in Europe from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to southern Ural Mountains (Russia), and southward to northern Spain, Greece, and Caucasus, in eastern Asia from southern Siberia and Mongolia eastward to Sakhalin and northern Japan (Hokkaido), and southward to Korean Peninsula and northeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735995","martit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/martit2","avibase-523763E5",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 370.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus palustris"],["20926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris dresseri","(Stejneger, 1886)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.560 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Wales, central and southern England, and western France",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25B2BB84",null,null,"Kent, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/214/mode/1up","Parus palustris dresseri"],["20927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris palustris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles, southern Scandinavia and central Europe to Pyrenees and Balkans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7E574DD",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 370.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus palustris"],["20928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris italicus","(Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen & Hellmayr, 1900)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 11 p.204-205",null,null,null,null,null,"French Alps and Italy",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44F2518B",null,null,"Siena, Tuscany, Italy.","Einige Bemerkungen über die Graumeisen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208201#page/216/mode/1up","Parus communis italicus"],["20929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris stagnatilis","(Brehm, 1855)","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Poland and western Russia to northern and eastern Balkans and northwestern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72568EAC",null,null,"Galicia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/278/mode/1up","Parus stagnatilis"],["20930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris kabardensis","(Buturlin, 1929)","Sistematicheskie Zametki o Ptitsakh Severnogo Kavkaza p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E033C813",null,null,"near Vladikavkaz, Caucasus.",null,null,"Penthestes palustris kabardensis"],["20931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris brevirostris","(Taczanowski, 1872)","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.120 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberia to Mongolia, northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2C7BC6D",null,null,"Prebaicalia, southwest of Baikal, Siberia.","Bericht über die ornithologischen Untersuchungen des Dr. Dybowski in Ost-Sibirien. (Fortsetzung von S. 340-366.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/456/mode/1up","Poecilia brevirostris"],["20932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris ernsti","(Yamashina, 1933)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 8, no.37 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C5CED91",null,null,"Nayori-mura (Naihoro), southern Sakhalin","Change of the subspecific name of the Sakhalin Marsh-Tit","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.8.168","Parus palustris ernsti"],["20933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris hensoni","(Stejneger, 1892)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15, no.904 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Japan (southern Kuril Islands and Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76BF89A1",null,null,"Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53607#page/442/mode/1up","Parus hensoni"],["20934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris jeholicus","(Kleinschmidt & Weigold, 1922)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 18, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Hebei (northeastern China) and northern Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4826BD7E",null,null,"north of Jehol [Chengteh], southern Jehol, Manchuria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/302/mode/1up","Parus communis jeholicus"],["20935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile palustris hellmayri","Bianchi, 1903","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 7 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern China (Sichuan to Liaoning) and South Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CFD96D1",null,null,"Peking.","Catalogue of the known species of the Paridae or the family of Tits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35273#page/324/mode/1up","[Poecile] communis hellmayri"],["20936","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hyrcanus","Zarudny & Loudon, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.76","Caspian Tit","Caspian Tit","Caspian Tit",null,null,"northern Iran (Elburz Mountains) and adjacent Azerbaijan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761508","castit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/castit2","avibase-C3670DBE",null,null,"Rustumabad, Ghilan, northwestern Iran.","Vorläufige Beschreibung zweier ornithologischen Neuheiten aus West-Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/90/mode/1up","Poecile lugubris hyrcanus"],["20937","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hypermelaenus","Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891","Aves expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et confinia 1884-1887 p.112","Black-bibbed Tit","Black-bibbed Tit","Black-bibbed Tit",null,null,"central and eastern China to southeastern Tibet and western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735382","bkbtit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbtit1","avibase-A14068AA",null,null,"Lan-shya-kou (near Kansu border), Shensi.",null,null,"Poecile hypermelaena"],["20938","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile weigoldicus","(Kleinschmidt, 1921)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 17, no.2 p.19","Sichuan Tit","Sichuan Tit","Sichuan Tit",null,null,"southwestern China (Sichuan to eastern Tibet, southeastern Qinghai, and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735364","sictit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sictit1","avibase-F87BD3E7",null,null,"Atentze [= Atuntze, now Tehtsin] , northwestern Yunnan.","Parus Salicarius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/295/mode/1up","Parus weigoldicus"],["20939","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus","(Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)","Neue Alpina 2 p.31","Willow Tit","Willow Tit","Willow Tit",null,null,"lowland to montane coniferous forest, and broadleaf and mixed woodland, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia and Kamchatka (Russia), and southward to France, Greece, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, northeastern China, and Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155139697","wiltit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wiltit1","avibase-F963401E",null,null,"mountain forests of Graubünden, Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130513#page/41/mode/1up","Parus cinereus montanus"],["20940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus kleinschmidti","(Hellmayr, 1900)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 11 p.212-213",null,null,null,null,null,"Britain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-143CDCDD",null,null,"Finchley, near London, England.","Einige Bemerkungen über die Graumeisen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208201#page/224/mode/1up","Parus montanus kleinschmidti"],["20941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus rhenanus","(Kleinschmidt, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.168-169",null,null,null,null,null,"western Europe to western Germany and northern Switzerland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-028C320D",null,null,"Rhine, between Mainz and Worms [=near Darmstadt, fide Kleinschmidt, 1943, Kat. Ornith. Sammlung, p. 101], western Germany.","Kurze Bemerkungen über das individuelle und geographische Variieren der Meisen und Baumläufer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/186/mode/1up","Parus rhenanus"],["20942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus montanus","(Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)","Neue Alpina 2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"central Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-143CE757",null,null,"mountain forests of Graubünden, Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130513#page/41/mode/1up","Parus cinereus montanus"],["20943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus salicarius","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"central Europe to western Poland, southwestern Germany, and northwestern Austria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E2922F",null,null,"Germany ; restricted to Renthendorf, Thuringia by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 376.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/497/mode/1up","Parus salicarius"],["20944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus borealis","(de Sélys Longchamps, 1843)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 10, pt.2 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia to Baltic States, Carpathian Mountains, and southeastern Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F1435FA",null,null,"'Iceland' [= Norway, fide Vaurie, 1959, op. cit., p. 477] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20649#page/40/mode/1up","Parus borealis"],["20945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus uralensis","(Grote, 1927)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Russia to southern Urals, southwestern Siberia, and northern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E0C2E72",null,null,"Ufa, Russia.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0138-0151.pdf#page=12","Parus atricapillus uralensis"],["20946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus baicalensis","Swinhoe, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.7, no.40 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to Sea of Okhotsk, Mongolia, Ussuriland, and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE8D60C8",null,null,"'Trans Baikal' ; type probably from Kultuk, Lake Baikal, vide Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 380.","XXXII. On four new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78387#page/271/mode/1up","Poecile baicalensis"],["20947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus anadyrensis","(Belopolski, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 no.4 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia to northern coast of Sea of Okhotsk",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2A60D91",null,null,"Markovo, Anadyr, eastern Siberia.","Parus atricapillus anadyrensis subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0119-0123.pdf#page=4","Parus atricapillus anadyrensis"],["20948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus kamtschatkensis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Kamchatka Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F4FD535",null,null,"eastern Asia; restricted to Kamchatka by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 381.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/366/mode/1up","Poecila kamtschatkensis"],["20949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus sachalinensis","(Lönnberg, 1908)","Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan 23, art. 14 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin Island and south Kuril Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA2E19EF",null,null,"south of Susuya River, Sakhalin.","Contributions to the ornis of Saghalin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31383#page/578/mode/1up","Parus atricapillus sachalinensis"],["20950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus restrictus","(Hellmayr, 1900)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 11 p.215,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7055281B",null,null,"Shimotsuke-no-kuni, Honshu, Japan.","Einige Bemerkungen über die Graumeisen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208201#page/227/mode/1up","[Parus borealis] restrictus"],["20951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus songarus","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.134 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Kazakhstan (Tian Shan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6472E436",null,null,"Tian Shan.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Parus songarus"],["20952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus affinis","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (Ningxia to southern Gansu and northeastern Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60B44EB7",null,null,"Ala Shan and Kansu.",null,null,"Poecile affinis"],["20953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile montanus stoetzneri","(Kleinschmidt, 1921)","Berajah, Zoographia infinita 17 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China (southeastern Mongolia to Liaoning, Shaanxi, and Henan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CCFDD51",null,null,"Jehol [=30 km. northeast of Jehol (= Chengteh), southwestern Manchuria, fide Kleinschmidt, ibid., p. 34].","Parus Salicarius.",null,"Parus Salicarius stötzneri"],["20954","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile cinctus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44","Grey-headed Chickadee","Gray-headed Chickadee","Siberian Tit",null,null,"lowland to submontane open old-growth coniferous forest, and riverine forest with birch and willow thickets, from northern Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia, and southward to northern Mongolia and Kamchatka; former North American population (northern Alaska, northwestern Canada) unrecorded since 2018 and may be extinct",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711750","gyhchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhchi","avibase-67504FA2",null,null,"Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Parus cinctus"],["20955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile cinctus lapponicus","(Lundahl, 1848)","Notiser ur Sällskapets Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Förhandlingar 1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Fenno-Scandia, southern Kola Peninsula, and northern European Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF6B823A",null,null,"Lapland.","Anmärkningar om tvenne med Parus sibiricus Gmel. förvexlade mes-arter","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107298#page/9/mode/1up","Parus Lapponicus"],["20956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile cinctus cinctus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ural Mountains to Bering Sea and northeastern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6A31036",null,null,"Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Parus cinctus"],["20957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile cinctus sayanus","Sushkin, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Altai, Sayan, and Tannu-Ola mountains to northwestern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8623C9F3",null,null,"western Sayan and Altai Mountains, Siberia.","New birds from Palaearctic Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/526/mode/1up","Poecile cincta sayana"],["20958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile cinctus lathami","(Stephens, 1817)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 10, pt1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of Alaska and northwestern Canada; unrecorded since 2018 and may be extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37DC34AD",null,null,"Norton Sound, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64498#page/232/mode/1up","Parus Lathami"],["20959","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile rufescens","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.192","Chestnut-backed Chickadee","Chestnut-backed Chickadee","Chestnut-backed Chickadee",null,null,"dense coniferous forest and deciduous woodland from southeastern Alaska southward along the Pacific coast to southern California, and the northern Rocky Mountains from east-central British Columbia (northwestern Canada) southward to northern Idaho and western Montana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711767","chbchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbchi","avibase-FF592882",null,null,"forests of Columbia River; probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/228/mode/1up","Parus rufescens"],["20960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile rufescens rufescens","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska to coastal central California and Sierra Nevada of northern California, and disjunctly in Rocky Mountains from southeastern British Columbia southward to west-central Idaho and northwestern Montana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77EAB27E",null,null,"forests of Columbia River; probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/228/mode/1up","Parus rufescens"],["20961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile rufescens neglectus","(Ridgway, 1879)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.60 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal California (southwestern Marin County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51CF9ABB",null,null,"Nicasio, Marin County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/509/mode/1up","Parus rufescens β neglectus"],["20962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile rufescens barlowi","(Grinnell, 1900)","The Condor 2, no.6 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California (San Francisco Bay to Santa Barbara County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C9C793C",null,null,"Stevens' Creek Canon, Santa Clara County, California.","New Races of Birds from the Pacific Coast","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol2/iss6/6/","Parus rufescens barlowi"],["20963","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hudsonicus","(Forster, 1772)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.430","Boreal Chickadee","Boreal Chickadee","Boreal Chickadee",null,null,"boreal coniferous forest from northwestern Alaska (except north slope) eastward across northern Canada (south of the Arctic islands) to northern Labrador, southward to southern Canada, northeastern Washington, and northwestern Idaho,and local and declining in northeastern tier of US states from northern Minnesota eastward to northern New Hampshire and Maine",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711759","borchi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borchi2","avibase-68887DE7",null,null,"Severn River, west coast of Hudson Bay, Canada [Ontario]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/452/mode/1up","Parus Hudsonicus"],["20964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hudsonicus stoneyi","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.591",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Alaska to northern Yukon and northwestern Northwest Territories",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ACE702C",null,null,"Kowak (or Putnam) River, Alaska",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/613/mode/1up","Parus stoneyi"],["20965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hudsonicus columbianus","(Rhoads, 1893)","The Auk 10, no.1 p.23-24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Alaska to southern Yukon, British Columbia, Montana, and Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D53717D",null,null,"Field, British Columbia, Canada.","Notes on certain Washington and British Columbia birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol10/iss1/2/","Parus hudsonicus columbianus"],["20966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hudsonicus hudsonicus","(Forster, 1772)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska and Yukon to Minnesota, Labrador, and Newfoundland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE9C69A5",null,null,"Severn River, west coast of Hudson Bay, Canada [Ontario]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/452/mode/1up","Parus Hudsonicus"],["20967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hudsonicus littoralis","(Bryant, 1865)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 9 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Canada (southern Quebec) to Nova Scotia and northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-941C0184",null,null,"Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99908#page/378/mode/1up","Parus hudsonicus var. littoralis"],["20968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile hudsonicus farleyi","(Godfrey, 1951)","The Canadian Field-Naturalist 65 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern British Columbia and Alberta to Saskatchewan and Manitoba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B99DBC9",null,null,"Lac la Nonne, Alberta, Canada.","Geographical variation in the Boreal Chickadee east of the Rockies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90126#page/40/mode/1up","Parus hudsonicus farleyi"],["20969","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile gambeli","(Ridgway, 1886)","The Code of Nomenclature and Check-list of North American Birds ed.1 p.335","Mountain Chickadee","Mountain Chickadee","Mountain Chickadee",null,null,"montane coniferous forest and mixed forest from southern Yukon and southwestern Alberta (western Canada) southward to far northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico) and eastward to western Montana and eastern New Mexico, with an isolated population in western Texas; some winter wandering to adjacent lowland states",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711724","mouchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouchi","avibase-DE0971C1",null,null,"about one day's journey west of Santa Fe, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16484#page/349/mode/1up","Parus gambeli"],["20970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile gambeli baileyae","(Grinnell, 1908)","The Condor 10, no.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of the Rocky Mountains in western USA and western Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73E1ABAE",null,null,"Mount Wilson, 5,500 ft., Sierra San Gabriel, Los Angeles County, California,","The southern California Chickadee.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol10/iss1/6/","Parus gambeli baileyae"],["20971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile gambeli inyoensis","(Grinnell, 1918)","University of California Publications in Zoology 17 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"central Rocky Mountains in western USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C185176",null,null,"Panamint Mountains, 3 miles east of Jackass Spring, 6,200 ft., Inyo County, California.","The subspecies of the Mountain Chickadee.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93466#page/617/mode/1up","Penthestes gambeli inyoensis"],["20972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile gambeli gambeli","(Ridgway, 1886)","The Code of Nomenclature and Check-list of North American Birds ed.1 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains (Montana to Wyoming, New Mexico, and southwestern Texas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA9D216A",null,null,"about one day's journey west of Santa Fe, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16484#page/349/mode/1up","Parus gambeli"],["20973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile gambeli atratus","(Grinnell & Swarth, 1926)","University of California Publications in Zoology 30 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64256E69",null,null,"La Grulla, 7,200 ft., Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico.","New subspecies of Birds (Penthestes, Baeolophus, Psaltriparus, Chamaea) from the Pacific Coast of North America.",null,"Penthestes gambeli atratus"],["20974","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile sclateri","(Kleinschmidt, 1897)","Journal für Ornithologie 45, no.2 p.133","Mexican Chickadee","Mexican Chickadee","Mexican Chickadee",null,null,"coniferous forest of mountains of southeastern Arizona and New Mexico though south-central Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711732","mexchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mexchi","avibase-E0270E9E",null,null,"El Jacale, southern Mexico [= Veracruz or Puebla].","Beiträge zur Ornis des Grossherzogtums Hessen und der Provinz Hessen-Nassau","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103562#page/151/mode/1up","P[arus] sclateri"],["20975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile sclateri eidos","(Peters, 1927)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of southeastern Arizona and New Mexico to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E7D7A15",null,null,"Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.","Descriptions of new Birds.",null,"Penthestes sclateri eidos"],["20976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile sclateri garzai","(Phillips, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico (southeastern Coahuila/Nuevo León border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-953231F0",null,null,"58 road km SE Saltillo, S. Huachichil, SE Coahuila, Mexico",null,null,"Parus sclateri garzai"],["20977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile sclateri sclateri","(Kleinschmidt, 1897)","Journal für Ornithologie 45, no.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (southeastern Sinaloa to Puebla and western Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C0CC7FD",null,null,"El Jacale, southern Mexico [= Veracruz or Puebla].","Beiträge zur Ornis des Grossherzogtums Hessen und der Provinz Hessen-Nassau","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103562#page/151/mode/1up","P[arus] sclateri"],["20978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile sclateri rayi","(Miller & Storer, 1950)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 40, no.9 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (southern Jalisco to Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D05105B5",null,null,"Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.","A new race of Parus sclateri from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122713#page/787/mode/1up","Parus sclateri rayi"],["20979","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile carolinensis","(Audubon, 1834)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 2 p.341","Carolina Chickadee","Carolina Chickadee","Carolina Chickadee",null,null,"swamps, pine, and hardwood forest, riparian woodland, and scrub from southern Kansas eastward to northern Ohio, northern Indiana, southern Pennsylvania, and northern New Jersey (east-central USA) southward to south-central Texas, Gulf coast, and northern Florida (southeastern USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711708","carchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carchi","avibase-F941AAD3",null,null,"New Orleans, La. or Charleston, South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103785#page/377/mode/1up","Parus carolinensis"],["20980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile carolinensis atricapilloides","(Lunk, 1952)","Wilson Bulletin 64, no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central USA (Kansas to Oklahoma and Texas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27E0E5BC",null,null,"10 miles south of Arnett, Ellis County, Oklahoma.","Notes on variation in the Carolina Chickadee.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol64/iss1/3/","Parus carolinensis atricapilloides"],["20981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile carolinensis agilis","(Sennett, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southern USA (southwestern Arkansas to western Louisiana and eastern Texas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-673AA694",null,null,"Bee County, Texas.","Descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies of birds from Texas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/10/","Parus carolinensis agilis"],["20982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile carolinensis carolinensis","(Audubon, 1834)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 2 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern USA (eastern Arkansas to southern Virginia, Mississippi, and Florida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B975D9D9",null,null,"New Orleans, La. or Charleston, South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103785#page/377/mode/1up","Parus carolinensis"],["20983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile carolinensis extimus","(Todd & Sutton, 1936)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 49 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern USA (eastern Missouri to northern New Jersey, Kentucky, and Virginia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAB84B7F",null,null,"Bethany, West Virginia.","Taxonomic remarks on the Carolina Chickadee Penthestes carolinensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107497#page/92/mode/1up","Penthestes carolinensis extimus"],["20984","species","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.341","Black-capped Chickadee","Black-capped Chickadee","Black-capped Chickadee",null,null,"deciduous and mixed forest and woodland, including gardens and towns, from northwestern Alaska (but not the north slope) eastward to Newfoundland (eastern Canada), southward to far northern California, central New Mexico, southern Kansas, and New Jersey, and in Appalachians to far western North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee; some short-range wandering in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711716","bkcchi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcchi","avibase-B1F0CC82",null,null,"Canada ; restricted to Quebec City, Quebec, by Oberholser, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50, p. 219.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/345/mode/1up","Parus atricapillus"],["20985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus turneri","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Alaska and adjacent northwestern Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D4378A4",null,null,"St. Michael, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/161/mode/1up","Parus atricapillus turneri"],["20986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus occidentalis","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.388, p. xxxvii, 391",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern British Columbia to northwestern California (west of Cascades)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D6C0F12",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/452/mode/1up","Parus occidentalis"],["20987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus fortuitus","(Dawson, 1909)","The birds of Washington: a complete, scientific and popular account of the 372 species of birds found in the state 1 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"southern interior British Columbia to northwestern Montana and northwestern Idaho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBE69B6A",null,null,"Walla Walla, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50462#page/316/mode/1up","Penthestes atricapillus fortuitus"],["20988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus septentrionalis","(Harris, 1846)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.10 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"western Canada and central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABA0DDA6",null,null,"Yellowstone River, about 30 miles 'below' [= above] its junction with the Missouri, Montana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84725#page/318/mode/1up","Parus septentrionalis"],["20989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus bartletti","(Aldrich & Nutt, 1939)","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 4, no.2 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Newfoundland and Miquelon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1FC540E",null,null,"Makinson's Grove, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Provenance of Parus frigoris Selys-Longchamps, 1843, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Bruxelles, 10, p. 27, uncertain, although type locality restricted to St. John's, Newfoundland, by Duvall, 1945, Auk, 62, p. 59.","Birds of eastern Newfoundland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122680#page/23/mode/1up","Penthestes atricapillus bartletti"],["20990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus atricapillus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Canada and northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A222327A",null,null,"Canada ; restricted to Quebec City, Quebec, by Oberholser, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50, p. 219.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/345/mode/1up","Parus atricapillus"],["20991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus garrinus","(Behle, 1951)","The Auk 68, no.1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Rocky Mountains (southeastern Idaho to Wyoming, eastern Utah, and New Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-113949FC",null,null,"Merkley Park, 5,500 ft., Ashley Canyon, 10 miles north of Vernal, Uintah County, Utah,","A new race of the Black-capped Chickadee from the Rocky Mountains region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol68/iss1/9/","Parus atricapillus garrinus"],["20992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus nevadensis","(Linsdale, 1938)","The Condor 40, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Basin of southwestern USA (eastern Oregon to Idaho, Nevada, and western Utah)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31B3EC11",null,null,"Salmon River at Shoshone Creek, 5,000 ft., Elko County, Nevada.","Geographic variation in some Birds in Nevada.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol40/iss1/8/","Penthestes atricapillus nevadensis"],["20993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paridae","Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","Poecile atricapillus practicus","(Oberholser, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern USA (Appalachian Mountains region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9D1B726",null,null,"Mt. Guyot, 6,500 ft., Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina.","Description of a new Chickadee from the eastern United States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/250/mode/1up","Penthestes atricapillus practicus"],["20994","family","Passeriformes","Panuridae","Reedling","Panuridae",null,null,"Reedling","Bearded Reedling","Bearded Reedling",null,null,null,null,null,null,"panuri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/panuri1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["20995","genus","Passeriformes","Panuridae","Reedling","Panurus","Koch, 1816","System der baierischen Zoologie (etc.) 1 p.201 pl.5,B fig.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Parus biarmicus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105949#page/249/mode/1up","Panurus"],["20996","species","Passeriformes","Panuridae","Reedling","Panurus biarmicus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190","Bearded Reedling","Bearded Reedling","Bearded Reedling",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane extensive reedbeds from the British Isles and southern Scandinavia eastward to northeastern China, and southward to southern Europe, northern Iran, and northeastern India; some post-breeding dispersal southward in Türkiye and China, and occasional irruptions",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716776","bearee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bearee1","avibase-7D59F91D",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Holstein, by Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 403.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","[Parus] biarmicus"],["20997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Panuridae","Reedling","Panurus biarmicus biarmicus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"western Europe to Sweden, Poland, Italy, Balkans, and Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98667636",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Holstein, by Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 403.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","[Parus] biarmicus"],["20998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Panuridae","Reedling","Panurus biarmicus kosswigi","Kumerloeve, 1959","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 9 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southern Türkiye (Amik Gölü); probably extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1B28136",null,null,"Amik-Gölü [Lake Amik, Turkey]","Eine neue Bartmeisenform vom Amik Golu","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156287#page/219/mode/1up","Panurus biarmicus kosswigi"],["20999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Panuridae","Reedling","Panurus biarmicus russicus","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.472-473",null,null,null,null,null,"central Europe (Austria to northern Balkans) and Türkiye eastward through central Asia to northern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD42843C",null,null,"Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/504/mode/1up","Mystacinus Russicus"],["21000","family","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudidae",null,null,"Larks","Larks","Larks",null,null,null,null,null,null,"alaudi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alaudi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["21001","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon","Keyserling & Blasius, 1840","Die Wirbelthiere Europa's. Erstes Buch: Die unterscheidenden Charactere p.xxvi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alauda desertorum [Stanley, 1814]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Alaemon"],["21002","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon hamertoni","Witherby, 1905","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.20 p.513","Lesser Hoopoe-Lark","Lesser Hoopoe-Lark","Lesser Hoopoe-lark",null,null,"northern and eastern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717270","lehlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lehlar1","avibase-8A913C34",null,null,"Obbia, east coast of Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds from Somaliland. With Field-notes by the Collector, Captain A. E. Hamerton, R.A.M.C., D.S.O..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/537/mode/1up","Alaemon hamertoni"],["21003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon hamertoni alter","Witherby, 1905","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.20 p.513-514",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of northern Somalia (longitude 47°E to 49°E)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62C2F00D",null,null,"El Afweena, Warsangli country, British Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds from Somaliland. With Field-notes by the Collector, Captain A. E. Hamerton, R.A.M.C., D.S.O..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/537/mode/1up","Alaemon hamertoni altera"],["21004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon hamertoni tertius","Clarke, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of northern Somalia (west of longitude 47°E)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED4DADF5",null,null,"Arori Plain, 3,000 feet, British Somaliland.","Description of a new genus and five new forms from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/317/mode/1up","Alaemon hamertoni tertia"],["21005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon hamertoni hamertoni","Witherby, 1905","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.20 p.513",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of northern Somalia (south of latitude 7°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A28A4856",null,null,"Obbia, east coast of Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds from Somaliland. With Field-notes by the Collector, Captain A. E. Hamerton, R.A.M.C., D.S.O..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/537/mode/1up","Alaemon hamertoni"],["21006","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon alaudipes","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.504 pl.16","Greater Hoopoe-Lark","Greater Hoopoe-Lark","Greater Hoopoe-lark",null,null,"semi-desert and desert with sparse vegetation, sandy or gravel soil in the Sahara from Cape Verde, Morocco, Western Sahara, and Mauritania eastward to the Red Sea coast, southward to northern Somalia, and in the Middle East, including southeasternmost Türkiye and Sinai Peninsula southward across the Arabian Peninsula to Yemen and Oman, and eastward across Iraq and Iran to southern Afghanistan, southern Pakistan, and westernmost India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717262","grhlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhlar1","avibase-3E4513D9",null,null,"between Gafsa and Tozzer, Tunisia.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Upupa alaudipes"],["21007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon alaudipes boavistae","Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92A2E7BB",null,null,"Boavista, Cape Verde Islands.","Description of a new subspecies of Desert-Lark.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/380/mode/1up","Alaemon alaudipes boavistae"],["21008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.504 pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF948E3C",null,null,"between Gafsa and Tozzer, Tunisia.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Upupa alaudipes"],["21009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon alaudipes desertorum","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lx",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Sudan (Port Sudan) to northwestern Somalia and southern Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B39F5BF4",null,null,"no locality = Hamphilah Island, Red Sea. ex. op. cit., app., p. xlix.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/660/mode/1up","Alauda desertorum"],["21010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaemon alaudipes doriae","(Salvadori, 1868)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 3 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Arabia to Iraq, Iran, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D7427CC",null,null,"Persia = Bandar Abbas, Iran.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=l_RSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA292","Certhilauda doriae"],["21011","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanopsis","Bianchi, 1904","Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg ser.5, vol.21, no.4 p.232,241",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda grayi [Wahlberg, 1855]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Ammomanopsis"],["21012","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanopsis grayi","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.213","Gray's Lark","Gray's Lark","Gray's Lark",null,null,"lowland gravel plain, and saltflats with sparse vegetation, of southwestern Angola and coastal Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717258","gralar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gralar2","avibase-9E0E6D4E",null,null,"between the Kuiseb River and the Swakop River, Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/227/mode/1up","Alauda grayi"],["21013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanopsis grayi hoeschi","(Niethammer, 1955)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 3/4, Jahrgang 6 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"sandy desert of far southwestern Angola to northern Namibia (Cape Cross)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAE2AB51",null,null,"west of Orupembe, N.W. Kaoko-Veldt, South West Africa.","Zur Systematik der Vögel des Kaoko-Veldes (Südwestafrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/535/mode/1up","Ammomanes grayi hoeschi"],["21014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanopsis grayi grayi","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"western Namibia (Cape Cross to southern edge of Namib Desert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-597F2D55",null,null,"between the Kuiseb River and the Swakop River, Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/227/mode/1up","Alauda grayi"],["21015","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhilauda garrula [Smith, A, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Bianchi, 1907, Bull. l'Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., ser. 5, 25 (1906), p. 15).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/142/mode/1up","Chersomanes"],["21016","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes beesleyi","Benson, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.4 p.77","Beesley's Lark","Beesley's Lark",null,"2025-0212","Taxon <em>beesleyi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chersomanes albofasciata</em> based on available evidence. Limited mitochondrial DNA data (Alström et al. 2013, 2023; Miller et al. 2021) indicate a deep divergence between <em>beesleyi </em>and some other members of this complex; however, geographically intermediate populations have not been sampled and there is some overlap in phenotypic and behavioral traits (Donald &amp; Collar 2011); further research would be informative.","foothill short-grass treeless plain in northeastern Tanzania (Engikaret plain, near Kingerete, Arusha)",null,null,null,"beelar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beelar1","avibase-9BEA5037",null,null,"Masai Plains, 30 miles north of Arusha, northern Tanzania, collected by J. S. S. Beesley, 2nd November, 1965","The Spike-heeled Lark Chersomanes albofasciata in East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/111/mode/1up","Chersomanes albofasciata beesleyi"],["21017","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata","(de Lafresnaye, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6 cl.2 text to pl.58, p.3-4; pl.58","Spike-heeled Lark","Spike-heeled Lark",null,"2025-0212","Taxon <em>beesleyi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Chersomanes albofasciata</em> based on available evidence. Limited mitochondrial DNA data (Alström et al. 2013, 2023; Miller et al. 2021) indicate a deep divergence between <em>beesleyi </em>and some other members of this complex; however, geographically intermediate populations have not been sampled and there is some overlap in phenotypic and behavioral traits (Donald &amp; Collar 2011); further research would be informative.","foothill and montane semi-desert, arid gravel plains, and Karoo scrub, from central and southwestern Angola southward through Namibia to south-central South Africa",null,null,null,"sphlar12","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sphlar12","avibase-D3DAD4C2",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope = Deelfontein (fide Macdonald, 1953).","ALOUETTE. ALAUDA. Lin. - CERTHILAUDA. Swainson. - SIRLI. Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/69/mode/1up","Certhilauda albo-fasciata"],["21018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata obscurata","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern, central, and eastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7C5FFD4",null,null,"Bulu-bulu, Bihe district, Northern Angola.","Description of new genera, species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/507/mode/1up","Certhilauda albofasciata obscurata"],["21019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata erikssoni","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia (Ovamboland and Outjo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E799CD7",null,null,"Okahokahana, Etosha Pan, Ovamboland.","Description of new genera, species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/506/mode/1up","Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni"],["21020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata kalahariae","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1912)","Ibis ser.9, vol.6, no.23 p.375-376",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Botswana and north-central South Africa (North West)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D05A8AD",null,null,"Lehututu, 3,000 feet, Kalahari.","On the Birds of Ngamiland. With Itinerary and Field-Notes by R. B. Woosnam, M.B.O.U..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85124#page/465/mode/1up","Certhilauda kalahariae"],["21021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata boweni","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1931)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Namibia (Cunene to Swakopmund, Usakos, and Karibib)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3B68DB0",null,null,"Spitz Koppji, 15 miles west of Usakos, South West Africa.","Two New Birds from South Africa","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064093","Certhilauda albofasciata boweni"],["21022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata arenaria","(Reichenow, 1904)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.349, p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa (Northern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C296075B",null,null,"Great Namaqualand; Rehoboth; Kalahari; Kransnes; type from Rehoboth, South West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/392/mode/1up","Certhilauda albofasciata arenaria"],["21023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata barlowi","White, 1961","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D56603AD",null,null,"Lake Dow, south of Makaikari, Bechuanaland, by the Barlow National Museum Expedition on 18th January, 1959","A new form of Spike-heeled Lark from Bechuanaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/59/mode/1up","Chersomanes albofasciata barlowi"],["21024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata alticola","Roberts, 1932","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55D22183",null,null,"van Wyk Mine, Boksburg, Transvaal [South Africa]","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Chersomanes albofasciata alticola"],["21025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata albofasciata","(de Lafresnaye, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6 cl.2 text to pl.58, p.3-4; pl.58",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana and central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF60C840",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope = Deelfontein (fide Macdonald, 1953).","ALOUETTE. ALAUDA. Lin. - CERTHILAUDA. Swainson. - SIRLI. Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/69/mode/1up","Certhilauda albo-fasciata"],["21026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata garrula","(Smith, 1846)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.24 pl.106, fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Africa (Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6D16242",null,null,"northern Cape Province = Van Rhynsdorp {fide Macdonald).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/459/mode/1up","Certhilauda garrula"],["21027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersomanes albofasciata macdonaldi","(Winterbottom, 1958)","Annals of the South African Museum 44, no.3 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (southern and eastern Karoo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F4B0B33",null,null,"23 miles north-east of Karooport, Ceres District, c. 33 S, 20 E","Review of the races of the Spike-heeled Lark, Certhilauda albofasciata Lafresnaye.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127012#page/85/mode/1up","Certhilauda albofasciata macdonaldi"],["21028","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda curvirostris [Hermann, 1783]; type by original designation = Alauda curvirostris Hermann, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/372/mode/1up","Certhilauda"],["21029","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda chuana","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.46","Short-clawed Lark","Short-clawed Lark","Short-clawed Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill open savanna with sparse grass and scattered bushes, and fallow or grazed pasture, from southeastern Botswana southward to northern South Africa, and disjunctly in two areas in northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717164","shclar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shclar1","avibase-3244C204",null,null,"'country beyond Latakoo'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/126/mode/1up","Alauda chuana"],["21030","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda subcoronata","Smith, 1843","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.19 pl.90, fig.2,text","Karoo Long-billed Lark","Karoo Long-billed Lark","Karoo Long-billed Lark","2025-0214","Taxon <em>benguelensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>kaokoensis</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Certhilauda subcoronata</em> based on available evidence. Although mitochondrial DNA divergence is moderate (Alström et al. 2013; Stervander et al. 2020), vocal differences seem minor, and the affinities of the geographically intermediate taxon, <em>damarensis</em>, are uncertain (Ryan &amp; Bloomer 1999); further research warranted.","lowland Karoo scrub and rocky hills and plains from southwestern Angola southward through western Namibia to western South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735884","klblar6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/klblar6","avibase-D08A412B",null,null,"arid districts on both coasts of the Cape Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/393/mode/1up","Certhilauda subcoronata"],["21031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda subcoronata damarensis","(Sharpe, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3CD4716",null,null,"Damaraland; type from Tjobis.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/419/mode/1up","Alaemon damarensis"],["21032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda subcoronata bradshawi","(Sharpe, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.361,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa (western Northern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-346A6F4D",null,null,"Orange River; type from near Upington.","On a Collection of Birds from the District of Deelfontein in Cape Colony. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/419/mode/1up","Alaemon bradshawi"],["21033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda subcoronata subcoronata","Smith, 1843","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.19 pl.90, fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central South Africa, southward to central Karoo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DFDED5B",null,null,"arid districts on both coasts of the Cape Colony.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/393/mode/1up","Certhilauda subcoronata"],["21034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda subcoronata gilli","Roberts, 1936","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Africa (southern Karoo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8EF3249",null,null,"Nieuveldt [=Nuweveld] Mts. above Beaufort West.","Ornithological notes. New South African Birds,&.",null,"Certhilauda subcoronata gilli"],["21035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda subcoronata benguelensis","(Sharpe, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"far coastal southwestern Angola and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88157BE2",null,null,"Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/419/mode/1up","Alaemon benguelensis"],["21036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda subcoronata kaokoensis","Bradfield, 1944","New South African ornithological records and new forms p.[3]",null,null,null,null,null,"Brandberg Mountains (southern Angola and northern Namibia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAC96EC7",null,null,"Messum River [Damaraland].",null,null,"Certhilauda subcoronata kaokoensis"],["21037","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda semitorquata","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47","Eastern Long-billed Lark","Eastern Long-billed Lark","Eastern Long-billed Lark",null,null,"lowland to foothill rocky grassland of eastern South Africa and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730526","elblar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elblar1","avibase-56599D6D",null,null,"'inhabits the eastern province of the Colony and the country immediately about the Orange River'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Certhilauda semitorquata"],["21038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda semitorquata transvaalensis","Roberts, 1936","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00C6A759",null,null,"Olifantshoek, Rustenburg district, Transvaal [South Africa]","Ornithological notes. New South African Birds",null,"Certhilauda semitorquata transvaalensis"],["21039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda semitorquata semitorquata","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (eastern Karoo grassland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C94B304",null,null,"'inhabits the eastern province of the Colony and the country immediately about the Orange River'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Certhilauda semitorquata"],["21040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda semitorquata algida","Quickelberge, 1967","Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums Natural History 6 pt3 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Africa (southern part of Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F14451FB",null,null,"Thomas River, Cathcart district, eastern Cape Province, 18th May 1964","The racial taxonomy of South-east African populations of the Long-billed Lark.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211760#page/65/mode/1up","Certhilauda curvirostris algida"],["21041","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda curvirostris","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.216","Cape Long-billed Lark","Cape Long-billed Lark","Cape Long-billed Lark","2025-0213","Taxon <em>brevirostris </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Certhilauda curvirostris</em> (polytypic) based on clinal variation in morphology, similar vocalizations, and low genetic divergence. Mitochondrial DNA data (Alström et al. 2013; Stervander et al. 2020) also suggest that <em>C. semitorquata</em> is part of this complex; further research needed.","lowland coastal scrub and sparsely vegetated dunes of coastal southwestern Namibia and western South Africa (to Western Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735878","y00415","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00415","avibase-C1C3C165",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Buffon, 5, p. 65.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/236/mode/1up","Alauda curvirostris"],["21042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda curvirostris falcirostris","Reichenow, 1916","Journal für Ornithologie 64, no.1 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Namibia (far southwest) and western South Africa (southward to Olifants River, Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03292E26",null,null,"Port Nolloth, Cape Province.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43088#page/173/mode/1up","Certhilauda falcirostris"],["21043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda curvirostris curvirostris","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (western Western Cape south of the Olifants River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-608C0EA6",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Buffon, 5, p. 65.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/236/mode/1up","Alauda curvirostris"],["21044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Certhilauda curvirostris brevirostris","Roberts, 1941","Ostrich 11 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (Algulhas Plain and Breede Valley, south-central Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A80B0AC0",null,null,"Zoetendals Vallei, Bredasdorp district, near Cape Agulhas, Cape Province.","Notes on some Birds from the Cape Province.",null,"Certhilauda curvirostris brevirostris"],["21045","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Pinarocorys","Shelley, 1902","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.15,71",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda nigricans [Sundevall, 1850]; type by subsequent designation (Bianchi, 1907, Bull. l'Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., ser. 5, 25 (1906), p. 12).",null,null,null,"Pinarocorys"],["21046","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Pinarocorys erythropygia","(Strickland, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.216 p.219 pl.24","Rufous-rumped Lark","Rufous-rumped Lark","Rufous-rumped Lark",null,null,"lowland to foothill open broadleaf woodland, savanna, and recently burnt grassland, from central Guinea and eastern Sierra Leone eastward to South Sudan and northwestern Uganda; migrates northward post-breeding to the Sahel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717133","rurlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rurlar1","avibase-148AA192",null,null,"Kordofan.","List of Birds procured in Kordofan. With notes by H. E. Strickland, M.A., F.G.S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/276330#page/289/mode/1up","Alauda erythropygia"],["21047","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Pinarocorys nigricans","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.99","Dusky Lark","Dusky Lark","Dusky Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill miombo woodland, short open grassland, and burnt areas from southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola eastward to northwestern Zambia and southwestern Tanzania; post-breeding migrant to Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717137","duslar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duslar1","avibase-511C1E5A",null,null,"'Caffraria superiore' ; type from Ape River, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/109/mode/1up","Alauda nigricans"],["21048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Pinarocorys nigricans nigricans","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Zambia, and southwestern Tanzania; winters Namibia and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62FCF0AB",null,null,"'Caffraria superiore' ; type from Ape River, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/109/mode/1up","Alauda nigricans"],["21049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Pinarocorys nigricans occidentis","Clancey, 1968","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 88 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola; winters to Namibia and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF626F57",null,null,"Cangandala, Malanje, Angola (9°44'S, 16°33'E)","Seasonal movement and variation in the southern populations of the Dusky Lark Pinarocorys nigricans (Sundevall).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/440/mode/1up","Pinarocorys nigricans occidentis"],["21050","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ramphocoris","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31, no.12 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melanocorypha clotbey [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/433/mode/1up","Ramphocoris"],["21051","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ramphocoris clotbey","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.242","Thick-billed Lark","Thick-billed Lark","Thick-billed Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill stony desert, arid steppe, and lightly-vegetated borders of desert, from Western Sahara and northern Mauritania eastward to northwestern Libya, and from central Jordan eastward through northern Arabia to Kuwait; nomadic post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717275","thblar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thblar1","avibase-9ADB6BA5",null,null,"Egyptian Desert.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/384/mode/1up","Melanocorypha clot-bey"],["21052","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ammomanes pallida [Cabanis, 1851]; type by original designation = Alauda arenicolor Sundevall, 1851  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/141/mode/1up","Ammomanes"],["21053","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes cinctura","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt.11 p.87","Bar-tailed Lark","Bar-tailed Lark","Bar-tailed Lark",null,null,"semi-desert and desert with very sparse vegetation in flat or undulating terrain in Cabo Verde and the Sahara from Morocco, Western Sahara, and Mauritania eastward to the Red Sea coast of eastern Egypt and Sudan, in the Sinai Peninsula, southern Israel, and southern Syria southward to Yemen and Oman, and eastward to southern Afghanistan and southern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717236","batlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batlar1","avibase-20A0844D",null,null,"São Tiago [=Santiago], Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/211/mode/1up","Melanocorypha cinctura"],["21054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes cinctura cinctura","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt.11 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A99361D1",null,null,"São Tiago [=Santiago], Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/211/mode/1up","Melanocorypha cinctura"],["21055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes cinctura arenicolor","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of North Africa to Sinai Peninsula and Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78DD9CBA",null,null,"'in arenosis Aegypti inferioris vel Arabiae petraeae'; type from Lower Egypt, fide Gyldenstolpe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/138/mode/1up","Alauda arenicolor"],["21056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes cinctura zarudnyi","Hartert, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of eastern Iran to southern Afghanistan and southern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8612CDFA",null,null,"Mujnabad, eastern Iran.","[Exhibition and description of two new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/301/mode/1up","Ammomanes cinctura zarudnyi"],["21057","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes phoenicura","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.119","Rufous-tailed Lark","Rufous-tailed Lark","Rufous-tailed Lark",null,null,"open scrub forest, savanna, deciduous forest and woodland, fallow fields, and dry rocky grasslands in the Jhelum River basin in northern Pakistan and from northwestern India, in southern Punjab, and northeastern India, south of the Ganges River, southward to southern Peninsular India",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717247","rutlar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutlar2","avibase-0E1F8A50",null,null,"on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares or the Vindhya Hills between Benares and Gurrah Mundela on the Narbudda; Hartert (1904) accepts the latter place as type locality.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/133/mode/1up","Mirafra phoenicura"],["21058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes phoenicura phoenicura","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan through northern and central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B73B1E7",null,null,"on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares or the Vindhya Hills between Benares and Gurrah Mundela on the Narbudda; Hartert (1904) accepts the latter place as type locality.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/133/mode/1up","Mirafra phoenicura"],["21059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes phoenicura testacea","Koelz, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1510 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1245471",null,null,"Salem, Madras Presidency.","Four new subspecies of birds from southwestern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3970/","Ammomanes phoenicurus testaceus"],["21060","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.28","Desert Lark","Desert Lark","Desert Lark",null,null,"rocky and stony hills in desert and semi-desert from northwestern Africa (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) eastward to the Red Sea coast of northeastern Africa and southward to southern Ethiopia and Somalia; in the Middle East and Arabian Peninsula eastward across Iraq and Iran to Pakistan and westernmost India, including western Uzbekistan and adjacent southern Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and southwestern Tajikistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717254","deslar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/deslar1","avibase-A977348D",null,null,"Aegypto super (Upper Egypt)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/48/mode/1up","Alauda deserti"],["21061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti payni","Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco south of the High Atlas and adjacent southwestern Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D92D753F",null,null,"Figuig, Morocco.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Desert Lark.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/64/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti payni"],["21062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti algeriensis","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.645-646",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Algeria to Tunisia and northwestern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66ED5BA9",null,null,"'Algerian Sahara ranging into Nubia'; probably Dait-el-Hossi, fide Meinertzhagen.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/665/mode/1up","Ammomanes algeriensis"],["21063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti whitakeri","Hartert, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Algeria to southwestern Libya and northwestern Chad (Tibesti Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-269E8461",null,null,"Koshby, Djebel Soda, Tripolitania.","Exhibition and description of two new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/74/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti whitakeri"],["21064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti mya","Hartert, 1912","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.10, no.56 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"central Algerian Sahara (between 27°N and 30°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38B523B6",null,null,"Oued Mya [between Fort Miribel and In Salah about 50 km. southeast of the former locality], Algerian Sahara.","XXVIII. Description of a new Desert-Lark from the Central Western Sahara.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53333#page/250/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti mya"],["21065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti geyri","Hartert, 1924","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania to southern Algeria and northwestern Niger (Aïr Massif)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BF154D2",null,null,"Farak, Damergou, southern Sahara.","Ornithological results of Captain Buchanan's second Sahara expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/57/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti geyri"],["21066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti kollmannspergeri","Niethammer, 1955","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 1/2, Jahrgang 6 p.59-62",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Chad (Ennedi Mountains) and western Sudan (Darfur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6923281",null,null,"20 km. east of Fada, French Equatorial Africa.","Zur Vogelwelt des Ennedi-Gebirges (Französisch Äquatorial-Afrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/405/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti kollmannspergeri"],["21067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti deserti","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Egypt (east of Nile to Red Sea) southward to Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADB38966",null,null,"Aegypto super (Upper Egypt)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/48/mode/1up","Alauda deserti"],["21068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti erythrochroa","Reichenow, 1904","Journal für Ornithologie 52, no.2 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"western Chad (Ndjamena) to northern Sudan (Dongola to Kordofan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11D93B0F",null,null,"Ambukol, Dongola.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101586#page/319/mode/1up","Ammomanes lusitana erythrochroa"],["21069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti isabellina","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.3 pl.244, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Egypt (west of the Nile Valley) eastward to Israel, Jordan, Syria, southern Türkiye (Birecik), northwestern Saudi Arabia, and Iraq (west of the Tigris River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20824176",null,null,"deserts of Aqaba, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/358/mode/1up","Alauda isabellina"],["21070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti samharensis","Shelley, 1902","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.99, pl. 21, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea coast of eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and Arabia Peninsula (southward to northern Yemen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55E62BE5",null,null,"Amba [near Massaua], Eritrea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49571#page/119/mode/1up","Ammomanes samharensis"],["21071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti taimuri","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1953","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 105 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Oman (Muscat area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26305F51",null,null,"near Muscat, Oman, S. E. Arabia.","Birds of Oman and Muscat.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064470","Ammomanes deserti taimuri"],["21072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti assabensis","Salvadori, 1902","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 17, no.425 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1842357D",null,null,"Assab, Danakil Coast, Erithrea","Nuova specie del genere Ammomanes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43033#page/138/mode/1up","Ammomanes assabensis"],["21073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti akeleyi","Elliot, 1897","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.2 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1006E38C",null,null,"Deragodlet and Hullier, [Berbera Plains], British Somaliland.","Catalogue of a collection of birds obtained by the expedition into Somali-land","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20404#page/19/mode/1up","Ammomanes akeleyi"],["21074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti azizi","Ticehurst & Cheesman, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Saudi Arabia (Al Hufuf area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-651ED0D0",null,null,"Jabal Ghanima, Hasa Province, east central Arabia.","Descriptions of new races from Central Arabia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/48/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti azizi"],["21075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti saturata","Ogilvie-Grant, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.2 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"black lava desert of southern Arabia (northern Hijaz to Aden)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA814C6D",null,null,"Jebel Manif, north of Lahej, Aden Protectorate, S. Arabia.","On the birds of Southern Arabia. With field notes by A. Blayney Percival.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/263/mode/1up","Ammomanes saturatus"],["21076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti insularis","Ripley, 1951","Postilla 9 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahrain (Persian Gulf)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A7F7E25",null,null,"Bahrein Island, Persian Gulf.","Birds collected and noted round Dharan, Saudi Arabia and Barhein Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/86/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti insularis"],["21077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti annae","Meinertzhagen, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"black lava desert of Jordan (Azraq area) and far southern Syria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C179F07",null,null,"30 miles east of Azraq, Transjordan.","Exhibition and description of new Palaearctic forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/553/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti annae"],["21078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti cheesmani","Meinertzhagen, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Iraq (east of Tigris River) to western Iran (west of Zagros Mountains to Persian Gulf)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67CB7362",null,null,"Shatt-al-Adhaim, Iraq.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/563/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti cheesmani"],["21079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti parvirostris","Hartert, 1890","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"western Turkmenistan (Kara-Bogaz-Gol to Kopet Dagh and Atrak Basin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F2ABD85",null,null,"'Aschabat'; error, the types are from Kubadagh near Krasnovodsk, fide Hartert, 1904.","Vorläufiges über einige neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/168/mode/1up","Ammomanes lusitanica parvirostris"],["21080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti orientalis","Zarudny & Loudon, 1904","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran (northern Khorasan), southeastern Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, southern Tajikistan, and northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6082850A",null,null,"low hills in southwestern Buchara and also the low hills on the Kuschk River; sporadic in the northeastern corner of Iran.","Einige neue Subspecies aus Persien und dem transkaspischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/256/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti orientalis"],["21081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti iranica","Zarudny, 1911","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 2, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"central, southern, and eastern Iran (including the southern Zagros Mountains) eastward to southwestern Afghanistan and western Pakistan (Baluchistan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB3B33EE",null,null,"eastern Iran, based on Ammomanes deserti subsp. nov. ? of Hartert, 1904, p. 224; type locality fixed as Hurmuk, Persian Baluchistan by Vaurie.","[Mitteilungen über die Ornithologie von Turkestan. Forts.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/466/mode/1up","Ammomanes deserti iranica"],["21082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Ammomanes deserti phoenicuroides","(Blyth, 1853)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 22, no.6 p.583 (footnote §)",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Afghanistan, eastern Pakistan, and northwestern India (far western Rajasthan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83362BA4",null,null,"Kashmir.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department , for August Meeting.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124456#page/659/mode/1up","Mirafra phoenicuroides"],["21083","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix","Kaup, 1836","Das Thierreich in seinen Hauptformen systematisch beschrieben 2 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla otoleuca [Temminck, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Bianchi, 1907, Bull. l'Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., ser. 5, 25 (1906), p. 29). = Alauda melanocephala M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823   ",null,null,null,"Eremopterix"],["21084","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix australis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.49","Black-eared Sparrow-Lark","Black-eared Sparrow-Lark","Black-eared Sparrow-lark",null,null,"lowland to foothill shrubby grassland, and Karoo, from southern Namibia and southwestern Botswana southward to western and central South Africa; nomadic wandering in response to rainfall",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717197","beslar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beslar1","avibase-7391E633",null,null,"country along the Orange River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/129/mode/1up","Megalotis australis"],["21085","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix hova","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.106","Madagascar Lark","Madagascar Lark","Madagascar Lark",null,null,"grassland of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717018","madlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madlar1","avibase-E6FDE8D9",null,null,"St. Augustine Bay, Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/118/mode/1up","Mirafra hova"],["21086","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix verticalis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.48","Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark","Gray-backed Sparrow-Lark","Grey-backed Sparrow-lark",null,null,"lowland semiarid savanna, sparse shrubland, and open coastal plains, from coastal Angola (including Cabinda) and southwestern Zambia southward to western to northeastern South Africa; nomadic with rains and periodically irruptive",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717202","gybspl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybspl1","avibase-86EA668E",null,null,"? Country both sides of the Orange River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/128/mode/1up","Megalotis verticalis"],["21087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix verticalis khama","Irwin, 1957","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.5 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Botswana (Makgadikgadi) to Zambia and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9419142D",null,null,"Makirikiri Pan, northern Bechuanaland.","A New Race of Eremopterix verticalis from the Makarikari Pan, Northern Bechuanaland Protectorate.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/121/mode/1up","Eremopteryx verticalis khama"],["21088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix verticalis harti","Benson & Irwin, 1965","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 1 (36) p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia (Liuwa Plain, Kalabo, Senanga, and Siloana Plains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5EAC848",null,null,"near Nasiongo, southern Barotseland, Zambia, at 16° 32' S., 28° 08' E","The grey-backed sparrow-lark, Eremopterix verticalis (Smith).",null,"Eremopterix verticalis harti"],["21089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix verticalis damarensis","Roberts, 1931","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14, pt.3 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Angola to Namibia, Zambia, western Botswana, and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27153711",null,null,"Gobabis, South West Africa.","Some new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_638","Eremopteryx verticalis damarensis"],["21090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix verticalis verticalis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central South Africa (except for northwest), southeastern Botswana, southwestern Zimbabwe, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6622F45",null,null,"? Country both sides of the Orange River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/128/mode/1up","Megalotis verticalis"],["21091","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix leucopareia","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.55","Fischer's Sparrow-Lark","Fischer's Sparrow-Lark","Fischer's Sparrow-lark",null,null,"lowland to foothill semiarid grassland and barren terrain, from northeastern Uganda and Kenya southward to northeastern Zambia, northern Malawi, and adjacent northwestern Mozambique; some post-breeding seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717207","fislar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fislar1","avibase-97D7865F",null,null,"Little Arusha.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/67/mode/1up","Coraphites leucopareia"],["21092","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix signatus","(Oustalet, 1886)","Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, Section des Sciences Naturelles 31, art.10 p.9","Chestnut-headed Sparrow-Lark","Chestnut-headed Sparrow-Lark","Chestnut-headed Sparrow-lark",null,null,"lowland to montane arid plains, grassy savanna, and open woodland, from southeastern South Sudan, southern and eastern Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to eastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717212","chhspl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhspl1","avibase-2F66131B",null,null,"Somaliland.","Catalogue des oiseaux rapportés par M. G. Révoil de son deuxième voyage au pays des Çomalis (Afrique orientale).","https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_l_%C3%89cole_des_hautes_%C3%A9t/ggU0AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=RA10-PA9&printsec=frontcover","Pyrrhulauda signata"],["21093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix signatus harrisoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E0749B5",null,null,"south end of Lake Rudolf, 1,800 feet.","[Description of two new species of birds from the Ethiopian Region].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/188/mode/1up","Pyrrhulauda harrisoni"],["21094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix signatus signatus","(Oustalet, 1886)","Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, Section des Sciences Naturelles 31, art.10 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Ethiopia, Somalia, and eastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CCF59A0",null,null,"Somaliland.","Catalogue des oiseaux rapportés par M. G. Révoil de son deuxième voyage au pays des Çomalis (Afrique orientale).","https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_l_%C3%89cole_des_hautes_%C3%A9t/ggU0AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=RA10-PA9&printsec=frontcover","Pyrrhulauda signata"],["21095","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix nigriceps","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.87","Black-crowned Sparrow-Lark","Black-crowned Sparrow-Lark","Black-crowned Sparrow-lark",null,null,"arid and semiarid plains with scattered vegetation from Cabo Verde and Western Sahara eastward across the Saharan desert to eastern Africa from the Red Sea coast southward to Ethiopia and southern Somalia, and on the Arabian Peninsula (including Socotra), southern Israel, and southern Iraq eastward to southern Iran and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717222","bcslar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcslar1","avibase-8C357822",null,null,"São Tiago [=Santiago], Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/211/mode/1up","Pyrrhalauda nigriceps"],["21096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix nigriceps nigriceps","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6AF4781",null,null,"São Tiago [=Santiago], Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/211/mode/1up","Pyrrhalauda nigriceps"],["21097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix nigriceps albifrons","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Morocco to Mauritania, Mali, Chad, and western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8ADDEF4",null,null,"Nubia or Sennar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/137/mode/1up","Coraphites albifrons"],["21098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix nigriceps melanauchen","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan and Somalia eastward through Arabia and Socotra to western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1798116",null,null,"Africa = Dahalach Island, Red Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/140/mode/1up","Coraphites melanauchen"],["21099","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix griseus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.95","Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark","Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark","Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark",null,null,"grassland and stony plains of Indian subcontinent",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717228","ascspl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ascspl1","avibase-73ED9A54",null,null,"no locality = Ginge, South Arcot District, India.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Alauda grisea"],["21100","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix leucotis","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lx","Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark","Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark","Chestnut-backed Sparrow-lark",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill semiarid savanna, short grassland, and burnt areas, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to Sudan, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, thence southward to Kenya and Tanzania, and from southern Angola eastward to northern Mozambique, thence southward to eastern South Africa and Eswatini; nomadic with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717192","cbslar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbslar1","avibase-9164F314",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/660/mode/1up","Loxia leucotis"],["21101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix leucotis melanocephalus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to central and southern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7857037B",null,null,"Nubia and Senegambia = Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/48/mode/1up","Alauda melanocephala"],["21102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix leucotis leucotis","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lx",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea, and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E614B69",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/660/mode/1up","Loxia leucotis"],["21103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix leucotis madaraszi","(Reichenow, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Uganda to Kenya and northern Tanzania; northern Malawi and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBF76EF8",null,null,"East Africa.","Neue Vogelarten aus Damaraland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/98/mode/1up","Pyrrhulauda leucotis madaraszi"],["21104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix leucotis hoeschi","White, 1959","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 79, no.3 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia, northeastern Botswana, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0B7ADD5",null,null,"Okahandja, Southwest Africa","A new Finch Lark from South West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125532#page/86/mode/1up","Eremopterix leucotis hoeschi"],["21105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremopterix leucotis smithi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.512",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia to southern Malawi, Zimbabwe, eastern Botswana, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82C3BC6E",null,null,"South Africa = country along the Orange River, ex Smith, 111. Orn. South Africa, pl. 26.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/790/mode/1up","Pyrrhulauda smithi"],["21106","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda albescens [Lafresnaye, 1839]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/302/mode/1up","Calendulauda"],["21107","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda rufa","(Lynes, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.15","Rusty Bush Lark","Rusty Lark","Rusty Lark","2025-1165","Taxa <em>gilletti </em>(polytypic) and <em>rufa </em>(polytypic) are placed in the genus <em>Calendulauda</em>, rather than <em>Mirafra</em>, based on the multilocus and genomic DNA of Alström et al. (2023).","patchy in lowland and foothill arid savanna and open rocky woodland of eastern Mali and western Niger eastward to southern Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717101","ruslar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruslar1","avibase-DA66F809",null,null,"Juga Juga, 3000 feet, 15 miles ENE of El Fasher, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of species and subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/45/mode/1up","Mirafra rufa"],["21108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda rufa nigriticola","(Bates, 1932)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mali to northern Togo and Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A3E6522",null,null,"Tahona, French Niger Colony.","Account of a journey made to the French Niger and French Sudan in 1931-32.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/46/mode/1up","Mirafra rufa nigriticola"],["21109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda rufa rufa","(Lynes, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Chad to western Sudan (Darfur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AF38DE1",null,null,"Juga Juga, 3000 feet, 15 miles ENE of El Fasher, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of species and subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/45/mode/1up","Mirafra rufa"],["21110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda rufa lynesi","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan (Kordofan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F884225A",null,null,"Delami, Kordofan.","A new Subspecies of the Rusty Bush-Lark, Mirafra rufa Lynes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/284/mode/1up","Mirafra rufa lynesi"],["21111","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47","Sabota Lark","Sabota Lark","Sabota Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia savanna, grassy Karoo, and mopane woodland, from northwestern Angola (Cabinda) and northern Namibia southward to eastern South Africa and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717127","sablar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sablar2","avibase-DC38D1DA",null,null,"between Latakoo and the Tropic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Mirafra Sabota"],["21112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota plebeja","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Angola (Cabinda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3074448",null,null,"no locality = Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo.","[Über die neuerdings eingegangene dritte Sendung des Dr. Falkenstein].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/249/mode/1up","Alauda (Megalophonus) plebeja"],["21113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota ansorgei","(Sclater, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Angola (Moçamedes to Novo Redondo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC0EF2A0",null,null,"Catumbela, Benguela.","Notes on African Larks, Flycatchers, and Waxbills, with descriptions of a new genus, species, and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/63/mode/1up","Mirafra sabota ansorgei"],["21114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota naevia","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6977C8C",null,null,"Damaraland; type locality restricted to Ondonga, Ovamboland, by Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18, p. 262, but type agrees with Otjimique population, fide White.","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/202/mode/1up","Alauda naevia"],["21115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota waibeli","(Grote, 1922)","Journal für Ornithologie 70, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia (Etosha and Ovamboland) to northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-367392D4",null,null,"Okaukuejo, Ovamboland.","Zur Avifauna des nördlichen Deutsch-Südwestafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215787#page/58/mode/1up","Mirafra sabota waibeli"],["21116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota herero","(Roberts, 1936)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Namibia to northwestern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D1D4B72",null,null,"Windhoek, South West Africa.","Ornithological notes. New South African Birds,&.",null,"Sabota sabota herero"],["21117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota sabota","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-242FE53E",null,null,"between Latakoo and the Tropic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Mirafra Sabota"],["21118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota sabotoides","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Botswana, western Zimbabwe, and north-central South Africa (North West)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90EC72F2",null,null,"Gemsbok Pan, Ghanzi District, Botswana","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Sabota sabota sabotoides"],["21119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota suffusca","(Clancey, 1958)","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.8 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, northeastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1614B99B",null,null,"Lubuli Police Camp, N soko, south-eastern Swaziland. Altitude 300 ft. a.s.l. 27 August, 1955.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 10. 1. Four New Races of Passerine Birds from South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1818","Mirafra sabota suffusca"],["21120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda sabota bradfieldi","(Roberts, 1928)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 12, pt.4 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid karoo regions in central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B293BF48",null,null,"de Aar, Cape Province.","Birds and mammals from South-west Africa collected by Mr. R. D. Bradfield and presented to the Transvaal Museum, with taxonomic notes and descriptions of new forms.",null,"Sabota sabota bradfieldi"],["21121","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda poecilosterna","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.155","Pink-breasted Lark","Pink-breasted Lark","Pink-breasted Lark",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid acacia scrub, and sandy savanna with ground cover, from southeastern South Sudan and southern Ethiopia eastward to southern Somalia, and southward through Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717112","piblar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piblar3","avibase-99F447AD",null,null,"Kibaradja [Tana River, Kenya Colony].","Neue Vögel aus Ostafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0155.pdf","Alauda poecilosterna"],["21122","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda gilletti","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.29","Gillett's Lark","Gillett's Lark","Gillett's Lark","2025-1165","Taxa <em>gilletti </em>(polytypic) and <em>rufa </em>(polytypic) are placed in the genus <em>Calendulauda</em>, rather than <em>Mirafra</em>, based on the multilocus and genomic DNA of Alström et al. (2023).","lowland to montane semiarid savanna and rocky scrub of eastern Ethiopia, Somalia, and far northeastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735646","gillar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gillar1","avibase-A3E077E6",null,null,"no locality = Sibbe, Ogaden country, Somaliland.","New birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/255/mode/1up","Mirafra gilletti"],["21123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda gilletti gilletti","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5DB36B5",null,null,"no locality = Sibbe, Ogaden country, Somaliland.","New birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/255/mode/1up","Mirafra gilletti"],["21124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda gilletti degodiensis","(Érard, 1976)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 45 p.310,311",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91DD8787",null,null,"11 km de Bogol-Mayo vers Dolo, Degodi, Sidamo, Ethiopia","Variation géographique de Mirafra giletti Sharpe et description d'une espèce jumelle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/318491#page/18/mode/1up","Mirafra degodiensis"],["21125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda gilletti arorihensis","(Érard, 1976)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 45[\"1975\"] no.4 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"central Somalia to northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-620A1788",null,null,"Eil Huma, Arorih, Ethiopia","Variation geographique de Mirafra gilletti Sharpe. Description d'une espèce jumelle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/318491#page/18/mode/1up","Mirafra gilletti arorihensis"],["21126","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47","Fawn-colored Lark","Fawn-colored Lark","Fawn-coloured Lark","2025-0227","Taxon <em>alopex </em>(polytypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Calendulauda africanoides</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergence is relatively weak (Alström et al. 2013), as are differences in morphology (Donald &amp; Alström 2024).","disjunctly in foothill and montane semiarid savanna, clearings in thornscrub, and open woodland of Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward to eastern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania, and from southeastern Angola and Namibia to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200369092","faclar8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faclar8","avibase-A990EB0B",null,null,"eastern province of the [Cape] Colony and the country towards Latakoo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Mirafra africanoides"],["21127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides intercedens","(Reichenow, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Ethiopia, adjacent Somalia, eastern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1408EC4B",null,null,"Loeru, Kondoa, Irangi district, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/112/mode/1up","Mirafra intercedens"],["21128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides alopex","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.617",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia and far eastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-865A7FE5",null,null,"Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/637/mode/1up","Mirafra alopex"],["21129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides trapnelli","(White, 1943)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 64 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Angola and southwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4E48859",null,null,"between the Kasisi and Kitapi [sic] rivers, 40 miles west of the Zambesi, Balovale District, Northern Rhodesia.","Three new Races from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125661#page/45/mode/1up","Mirafra africanoides trapnelli"],["21130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides harei","(Roberts, 1917)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 5 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and central Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49D1672C",null,null,"Windhoek, Damaraland.","Ornithological Notes : Classification of African Birds : New Records of Birds : New Species and subspecies : Parasitism amongst Finches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203183#page/646/mode/1up","Mirafra africanoides harei"],["21131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides makarikari","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Angola to northern Namibia, western Zambia, and northern and central Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDBA1E93",null,null,"Nkate, Northern Bechuanaland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Anacorys africanoides makarikari"],["21132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides sarwensis","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F77DC741",null,null,"Kaotwe Pan, central Kalahari.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Anacorys africanoides sarwensis"],["21133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides vincenti","(Roberts, 1938)","Ostrich 9 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"central Zimbabwe to southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA010A9A",null,null,"Fairfield, Southern Rhodesia.","Reviews and records.",null,"Anacorys africanoides vincenti"],["21134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda africanoides africanoides","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia, southern and eastern Botswana, western Zimbabwe, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97A8C9E3",null,null,"eastern province of the [Cape] Colony and the country towards Latakoo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Mirafra africanoides"],["21135","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda albescens","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.259","Karoo Lark","Karoo Lark","Karoo Lark",null,null,"lowland Karoo scrub, arid fynbos and coastal strandveld, in South Africa (from northwestern Northern Cape southward to Western Cape, and eastward to western Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717176","karlar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/karlar2","avibase-DD338581",null,null,"Blauw Berg, South Africa. [Gray phase].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/267/mode/1up","Alauda albescens"],["21136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda albescens codea","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.19 pl.87, fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal South Africa (Saldanha Bay to Port Nolloth)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-087E0BE9",null,null,"Karroo plains between the Oliphant and Orange rivers.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/373/mode/1up","Alauda codea"],["21137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda albescens albescens","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Cape Province (Cape Town to Berg River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76794DFB",null,null,"Blauw Berg, South Africa. [Gray phase].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/267/mode/1up","Alauda albescens"],["21138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda albescens guttata","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape Province (Clanwilliam to Little Namaqualand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B694CDC",null,null,"Oliphant River, South Africa. [Red phase].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/267/mode/1up","Alauda albescens guttata"],["21139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda albescens karruensis","Roberts, 1936","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape Province (Calvinia and Williston to Oudtshoorn)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D821F55",null,null,"de Aar, Cape Province.","Ornithological notes. New South African Birds,&.",null,"Calendulauda albescens karruensis"],["21140","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda burra","(Bangs, 1930)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 70, no.4 p.368","Red Lark","Red Lark","Red Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill Karoo and vegetated dunes in west-central South Africa (northwestern Northern Cape)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717180","ferlar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferlar2","avibase-E591A2D7",null,null,"South Africa.","Types of birds now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25083#page/394/mode/1up","Ammomanes burra"],["21141","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda erythrochlamys","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.151","Dune Lark","Dune Lark","Dune Lark","2025-0216","Taxon <em>barlowi </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Calendulauda erythrochlamys</em> (polytypic, including <em>cavei </em>and <em>patae</em>) based on similarities in morphology, vocalizations, and genetics, following Donald &amp; Alström (2024). Mitochondrial DNA divergence is limited (Alström et al. 2013) and plumages are highly variable.","lowland sandy plains, grassy dunes, and Namib Desert dunes, from coastal and western Namibia southward to northwestern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730531","dunlar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dunlar5","avibase-DDDC78BE",null,null,"Damaraland, coastal belt near Walvis Bay.","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/201/mode/1up","Alauda erythrochlamys"],["21142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda erythrochlamys erythrochlamys","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Namibia between River Kuiseb (Walvis Bay) and River Koichab",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-214FC464",null,null,"Damaraland, coastal belt near Walvis Bay.","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/201/mode/1up","Alauda erythrochlamys"],["21143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda erythrochlamys barlowi","(Roberts, 1937)","Ostrich 8 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Namibia from south of River Koichab (inland of Lüderitz) eastward to Aus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C6BE1A8",null,null,"eight miles west of Aus, South West Africa.","Some results of the Barlow Transvaal Museum expedition to South-West Africa.",null,"Pseudammomanes barlowi"],["21144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda erythrochlamys patae","(Macdonald, 1953)","Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 1, no.11 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Namibia (Lüderitz) to far northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D06A1244",null,null,"Grootderm, Orange River, Little Namaqualand [Gray phase].","Taxonomy of the Karroo and Red-Back Larks of Western South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19429#page/484/mode/1up","Certhilauda albescens patae"],["21145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calendulauda erythrochlamys cavei","(Macdonald, 1953)","Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 1, no.11 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"inland coastal plain of southwestern Namibia to northwestern South Africa (River Holgat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6407C679",null,null,"5 miles southwest of Witputs, Great Namaqualand; 27° 35' south, 16° 42' east, 4,000 ft.","Taxonomy of the Karroo and Red-Back Larks of Western South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19429#page/484/mode/1up","Certhilauda albescens cavei"],["21146","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Heteromirafra","Grant, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Heteronyx ruddi [C.H.B. Grant, 1908]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/142/mode/1up","Heteromirafra"],["21147","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Heteromirafra ruddi","(Grant, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.111","Rudd's Lark","Rudd's Lark","Rudd's Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to submontane moist grassland, preferably native grassland that is moderately to heavily grazed, in northeastern and eastern South Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717153","rudlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudlar1","avibase-2B8E5C63",null,null,"Wakkerstroom , Transvaal .","Exhibition of a Lark new to the Avifauna of South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/137/mode/1up","Heteronyx ruddi"],["21148","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Heteromirafra archeri","Clarke, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.64","Archer's Lark","Liben Lark","Liben Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill open grassland, rocky grassland with sparse scrub, and grassland among acacia savanna, at two sites in northeastern and southern Ethiopia; prior populations in northwestern Somali may be extirpated",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/84543703","liblar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liblar1","avibase-216207A9",null,null,"Jifa, 5,000 feet, western border of British Somaliland.","Description of a new species of Lark from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/332/mode/1up","Heteromirafra archeri"],["21149","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Plocealauda","Alström, Mohammadi, Enbody et al., 2023","Avian Research 14 100095",null,null,null,"2025-1170","The <em>Mirafra</em> group of larks is treated as four polytypic genera based on the multilocus and genomic DNA data of Alström et al. (2023): <em>Mirafra</em>; <em>Corypha</em>; <em>Amirafra; </em>and <em>Plocealauda</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Mirafra Assamica [Horsfield, 1840]",null,"Systematics of the avian family Alaudidae using multilocus and genomic data","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205371662300021X","Plocealauda"],["21150","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Plocealauda microptera","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.483","Burmese Bush Lark","Burmese Bushlark","Burmese Bushlark",null,null,"central Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732451","burbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burbus1","avibase-CA5526E1",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/511/mode/1up","Mirafra microptera"],["21151","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Plocealauda erythrocephala","(Salvadori & Giglioli, 1885)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 20 p.427-429","Indochinese Bush Lark","Indochinese Bushlark","Indochinese Bushlark",null,null,"southern Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734290","indbus3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indbus3","avibase-6249B61F",null,null,"Thu-duc, Cochichina [=Th? Ð?c, Vietnam]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91384#page/362/mode/1up","Mirafra erythrocephala"],["21152","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Plocealauda affinis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.959","Jerdon's Bush Lark","Jerdon's Bushlark","Jerdon's Bushlark",null,null,"eastern and southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732442","jerbus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jerbus2","avibase-9C691722",null,null,"southern India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/507/mode/1up","Mirafra affinis"],["21153","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Plocealauda assamica","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.162","Bengal Bush Lark","Bengal Bushlark","Bengal Bushlark",null,null,"northern India to southern Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and far western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734352","benbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/benbus1","avibase-86345D55",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/692/mode/1up","Mirafra Assamica"],["21154","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Plocealauda erythroptera","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.958","Indian Bush Lark","Indian Bushlark","Indian Bushlark",null,null,"India and southeastern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717092","indbus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indbus2","avibase-A9DA95E4",null,null,"northern portion of the Indian Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/506/mode/1up","Mirafra erythroptera"],["21155","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.159",null,null,null,"2025-1170","The <em>Mirafra</em> group of larks is treated as four polytypic genera based on the multilocus and genomic DNA data of Alström et al. (2023): <em>Mirafra</em>; <em>Corypha</em>; <em>Amirafra; </em>and <em>Plocealauda</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Mirafra javanica [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/178/mode/1up","Mirafra"],["21156","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra pulpa","Friedmann, 1930","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.257","Friedmann's Lark","Friedmann's Lark","Friedmann's Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill dense grassland with lightly scattered bushes and with some bare ground, in central Kenya and in southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania, some seasonal dispersal with rains",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717033","frilar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frilar1","avibase-F22CCF78",null,null,"Sagon River, Ethiopia.","A Lark new to science from Southern Ethiopia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/299/mode/1up","Mirafra pulpa"],["21157","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra passerina","Gyldenstolpe, 1926","Arkiv för Zoologi 19A no.1 p.24","Monotonous Lark","Monotonous Lark","Monotonous Lark",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid savanna, grassland, and acacia and mopane woodland, from southern Angola eastward to southwestern Zambia and southern Zimbabwe, and southward to central Namibia, Botswana, and north-central and northeastern South Africa; irruptive to semi-desert after heavy rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716992","monlar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monlar2","avibase-86E9D9F4",null,null,"Mohapoani, Bechuanaland = Damaraland fide Grant.","Types of Birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm.","https://www.nrm.se/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800010467/Gyldenstolpe_1926%5B1%5D.pdf","Mirafra passerina"],["21158","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra cordofanica","Strickland, 1852","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.18, no.214 p.218 pl.23","Kordofan Lark","Kordofan Lark","Kordofan Lark",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill sparse grassland on red sands from Mauritania and northern Senegal eastward across Sahel to southern Sudan and northern South Sudan; likely nomadic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717023","korlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/korlar1","avibase-67F96AAB",null,null,"Kordofan.","List of Birds procured in Kordofan. With notes by H. E. Strickland, M.A., F.G.S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46212#page/284/mode/1up","Mirafra cordofanica"],["21159","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra williamsi","Macdonald, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76 p.71","Williams's Lark","Williams's Lark","Williams's Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill rocky desert grassland on red lava soils, and low shrubby rocky desert, in northern Kenya (near Marsabit) and in central Kenya (Isiolo to Garba Tula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717028","willar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/willar1","avibase-4E61514C",null,null,"Marsabit, Kenya; lat. 2° 20' N., long. 37° 55' E.; alt. 3,000 ft.","A new species of lark from Kenya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/105/mode/1up","Mirafra williamsi"],["21160","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.159","Singing Bush Lark","Singing Bushlark","Horsfield's Bushlark","2025-0217","Taxon <em>cantillans </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Mirafra javanica</em> (polytypic) based on genetics. Although the two have been recovered as monophyletic clades (Alström et al. 2013), mitochondrial DNA divergence is modest, and diagnostic plumage traits are lacking (Donald &amp; Alström in press).","Sahel zone and eastern Africa, southern Arabian peninsula, western Indian Subcontinent, southeastern Asia, Philippines, Timor and Atauro (eastern Indonesia), New Guinea, and Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103765775","sinbus6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinbus6","avibase-5BFC242D",null,null,"? Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/178/mode/1up","Mirafra Javanica"],["21161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica marginata","Hawker, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, eastern Uganda, northern and southeastern Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, western Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08D6BF02",null,null,"Ugiagi = Ujawagi, Somaliland.","[Description of two apparently new species of birds from Western Somali Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/493/mode/1up","Mirafra marginata"],["21162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica chadensis","Alexander, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Mali to Sudan and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18DF541E",null,null,"Kowa Baga, Lake Chad.","Exhibition of eight new species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/115/mode/1up","Mirafra chadensis"],["21163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica simplex","(Heuglin, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.94 p.226-227",null,null,null,null,null,"western Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD25B5C8",null,null,"no locality = Al Qunfidha, Arabia.","Synopsis der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrikas, des Nilquellengebietes un der Küstenländer des Rothen Meeres. (Fortsetzung ; s. März-Heft 1868, S. 73-100.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/242/mode/1up","Geocoraphus simplex"],["21164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica cantillans","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.960",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-643464BD",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/508/mode/1up","Mirafra cantillans"],["21165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica williamsoni","Stuart Baker, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"local in southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3F33150",null,null,"Bangkok, Siam.","Exhibition and description of a new Lark from Bangkok.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/215/mode/1up","Mirafra cantillans williamsoni"],["21166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica philippinensis","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-153554F6",null,null,"vicinity of Manila, Luzon, Philippines.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippine Islands. No. 2. On Additional Collections of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/200/mode/1up","Mirafra philippinensis"],["21167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica mindanensis","Hachisuka, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C217595",null,null,"Mindanao, Philippines.","Description de nouvelles races d'Oiseaux de Mindanao (Îles Philippines).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/491/mode/1up","Mirafra javanica mindanensis"],["21168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica javanica","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Borneo, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3355DE67",null,null,"? Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/178/mode/1up","Mirafra Javanica"],["21169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica parva","Swinhoe, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.7, no.40 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3FBE850",null,null,"Flores.","XXXII. On four new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78387#page/271/mode/1up","Mirafra parva"],["21170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica timorensis","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.135,154",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Sawu and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B10B0806",null,null,"Dilly, Timor. April 22, 1932; Georg Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Mirafra javanica timorensis"],["21171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica aliena","Greenway, 1935","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 14 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, northeastern, and southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2C9DB53",null,null,"Biolowat Camp, 2,250 feet, Morobe district, New Guinea.","Birds from the coastal range between the Markham and the Waria rivers, northeastern New Guinea.",null,"Mirafra javanica aliena"],["21172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica woodwardi","Milligan, 1901","The Victorian Naturalist 18, no.2, June 6, 1901, no.210 p.25-26",null,null,null,null,null,"Pilbara region (western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD25184B",null,null,"near Onslow, Mid-West Australia.","Description of a new species of Mirafra (Bush-lark) from Western Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37552#page/34/mode/1up","Mirafra woodwardi"],["21173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica halli","Bianchi, 1907","Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg ser.5, vol.25 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Dampier Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67908ED0",null,null,"Roebuck Bay Plains, North-West Australia.",null,null,"Mirafra horsfieldi halli"],["21174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica forresti","Mayr & McEvey, 1960","The Emu 60 no.3 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95A9DFFF",null,null,"Forest River, N.W.A.","The distribution and variation of Mirafra javanica in Australia.","https://www.publish.csiro.au/MU/MU960155","Mirafra javanica forresti"],["21175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica melvillensis","Mathews, 1912","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Tiwi Islands, off Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73B2C65E",null,null,"Melville Island, Northern Territory.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/130/mode/1up","Mirafra javanica melvillensis"],["21176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica soderbergi","Mathews, 1921","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 4, no.6 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E32E9555",null,null,"Eureka, Northern Territory","Additions and corrections to my List of the Birds of Australia, 1913, and Check List, part 1, 1920","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103879#page/161/mode/1up","Mirafra javanica söderbergi"],["21177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica rufescens","Ingram, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (eastern Northern Territory, northwestern Queensland, and northeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95453EE4",null,null,"Alexandra, Northern Territory.","On new species from the Northern Territory of South Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/142/mode/1up","Mirafra rufescens"],["21178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica athertonensis","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.717",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (upland Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C52B2B75",null,null,"3 miles E.N.E. of Atherton, northeast Qld [=Queensland, Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Mirafra javanica athertonensis"],["21179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica horsfieldii","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.167 p.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (northeastern Queensland southward to southeastern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31FDA588",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.","Description of Six New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/503/mode/1up","Mirafra horsfieldii"],["21180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra javanica secunda","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.603",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Australia (Mount Lofty Range, and Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-646A2592",null,null,"South Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/623/mode/1up","Mirafra secunda"],["21181","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra cheniana","Smith, 1843","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.19 pl.89, fig.2,text","Melodious Lark","Melodious Lark","Melodious Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill grassy slopes, and open grassland with bare patches, in southwestern Kenya, northern Tanzania, central Zimbabwe, and eastern and central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717008","latlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latlar1","avibase-AB507233",null,null,"no locality = Latakoo, Bechuanaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/387/mode/1up","Mirafra cheniana"],["21182","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Mirafra albicauda","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.223","White-tailed Lark","White-tailed Lark","White-tailed Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill dense short grassland, mostly on black-cotton soils, often at lake margins, locally in western Chad, eastern Sudan, northern South Sudan, south-central Ethiopia, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward through northern Uganda to western Kenya, and southward to northern and southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717013","whtlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtlar1","avibase-8E612CF6",null,null,"Gonda, Tabora district, Tanganyika Territory.","[Über bisher übersehene Arten aus Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/235/mode/1up","Mirafra albicauda"],["21183","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra","Bianchi, 1906","Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg ser. 5, vol.25 p.12.",null,null,null,"2025-1170","The <em>Mirafra</em> group of larks is treated as four polytypic genera based on the multilocus and genomic DNA data of Alström et al. (2023): <em>Mirafra</em>; <em>Corypha</em>; <em>Amirafra; </em>and <em>Plocealauda</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Mirafra collaris [Sharpe]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Amirafra"],["21184","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra collaris","(Sharpe, 1896)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.24","Collared Lark","Collared Lark","Collared Lark",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill semiarid savanna, grassland with scattered shrubs on red sands, and open acacia woodland, from eastern Ethiopia and northern and central Somalia, and southward to eastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717076","collar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/collar1","avibase-D0EAD8A3",null,null,"no locality ; the type in the British Museum is from Aimola, ca. lat. 4° N., long. 40° E.","[Description of a new Lark from the collection made by Dr. Donaldson Smith during his recent expedition to Lake Rudolph].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/318/mode/1up","Mirafra collaris"],["21185","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra angolensis","(Bocage, 1880)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 8 p.60,68","Angola Lark","Angola Lark","Angola Lark",null,null,"montane and recently burned grassland, from western Angola eastward to northwestern Zambia and southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717064","anglar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anglar1","avibase-CA07B8DE",null,null,"Caconda, Benguela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128412#page/66/mode/1up","Mirafra angolensis"],["21186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra angolensis marungensis","(Hall, 1958)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78, no.9 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F90B3197",null,null,"Kasidi, Marungu, SE Belgian Congo","Variation in the Angola Lark, Mirafra angolensis Bocage, With a Description of Two New Races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/204/mode/1up","Mirafra angolensis marungensis"],["21187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra angolensis angolensis","(Bocage, 1880)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 8 p.60,68",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and west-central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E5ACC72",null,null,"Caconda, Benguela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128412#page/66/mode/1up","Mirafra angolensis"],["21188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra angolensis antonii","(Hall, 1958)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78, no.9 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27259855",null,null,"Open plains, 5 miles east of Luacano, eastern Angola","Variation in the Angola Lark, Mirafra angolensis Bocage, With a Description of Two New Races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/203/mode/1up","Mirafra angolensis antonii"],["21189","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea","(Salvadori, 1866)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.378","Flappet Lark","Flappet Lark","Flappet Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill savanna, open woodland, and grassy dambos in closed woodland, from Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia and southern Somalia, and southward (avoiding rainforest) to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717068","flalar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flalar1","avibase-C49FA9A8",null,null,"Ethiopia; restricted to northern Ethiopia by Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1939.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/388/mode/1up","Megalophonus rufo-cinnamomeus"],["21190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea buckleyi","(Shelley, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.142-143",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegal to northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9A78129",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast Colony.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/164/mode/1up","Calandrella buckleyi"],["21191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea serlei","(White, 1960)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D428A1AD",null,null,"Enugu, Eastern region, Nigeria on 4th October, 1952 by Dr. W. Serle.","A New Lark from Nigeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/33/mode/1up","Mirafra rufocinnamomea serlei"],["21192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea tigrina","(Oustalet, 1892)","Le Naturaliste 14ème Année, 2ème Série, no.134 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FC8DC01",null,null,"Poste de la Mission, Haut Kemo, Ubangi.","Notice sur quelques espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillies par M. J. Dybowski dans le cours de son expédition à travers la région de l'Oubangui (Suite et fin.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131762#page/229/mode/1up","Mirafra tigrina"],["21193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea furensis","(Lynes, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BE8CCAA",null,null,"Kulme, 3,500 feet, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/501/mode/1up","Mirafra fischeri furensis"],["21194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea sobatensis","(Lynes, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7207C065",null,null,"Plains near the mouth of the Sobat River, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.","Account of an expedition to the Sudan made in company with Mr. Abel Chapman and Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe, with descriptions of two new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/171/mode/1up","Mirafra sobatensis"],["21195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea rufocinnamomea","(Salvadori, 1866)","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 8 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FA16DBE",null,null,"Ethiopia; restricted to northern Ethiopia by Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1939.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40862#page/388/mode/1up","Megalophonus rufo-cinnamomeus"],["21196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea omoensis","(Neumann, 1928)","Journal für Ornithologie 76, no.4 p.787",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ethiopia (Omo to Madji and Baro rivers)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02BCA433",null,null,"Lange-Tombaro, Djimma, southwestern Ethiopia.","Neue Formen von Nordost- und Ost-Afrika.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01923578","Mirafra fischeri omoensis"],["21197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea torrida","(Shelley, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.308, pl. XVII",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan and southeastern Ethiopia southward to central Uganda, central Kenya, and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3B4067B",null,null,"Ugogo, Tanganyika Territory.","A second List of Birds recently collected by Sir John Kirk in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/378/mode/1up","Mirafra torrida"],["21198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea kawirondensis","(Van Someren, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9B11D1F",null,null,"Kisumu, Lake Victoria.","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, descriptions of new East African species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/155/mode/1up","Mirafra fischeri kawirondensis"],["21199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea fischeri","(Reichenow, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.143 p.266-267",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to southern Somalia, eastern Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F79D2153",null,null,"Rabai, near Mombasa, Kenya Colony.","Uebersicht der von Dr. G. A. Fischer auf Sansibar und während einer Reise durch das Küstenland von Mombassa bis Wito gesammelten oder sicher beobachteten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/278/mode/1up","Megalophonus Fischeri"],["21200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea schoutedeni","(White, 1956)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.4 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to Central African Republic, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0008B294",null,null,"Luluabourg, Kasai.","Notes on African Larks - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/88/mode/1up","Mirafra rufocinnamomea schoutedeni"],["21201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea lwenarum","(White, 1945)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Zambia (Balovale)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5E06883",null,null,"between the Kasisi and Litapi rivers, Balovale district, Northern Rhodesia.","A Note on the Larks of the Mirafra rufocinnamomea Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/39/mode/1up","Mirafra rufocinnamomea lwenarum"],["21202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea smithersi","(White, 1956)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.4 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia to Zimbabwe, northeastern Botswana, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5566BC14",null,null,"Deka Farm, Matetsi, Southern Rhodesia.","Notes on African Larks - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/88/mode/1up","Mirafra rufocinnamomea smithersi"],["21203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea pintoi","(White, 1956)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.4 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Eswatini, southern Mozambique, and adjacent South Africa (southward to northeastern KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29FA694D",null,null,"Catuane, southern Portuguese East Africa.","Notes on African Larks - Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/87/mode/1up","Mirafra rufocinnamomea pintoi"],["21204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Amirafra rufocinnamomea mababiensis","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western Zambia to central Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F22DF04C",null,null,"Tsotsoroga Pan, Ngamiland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Corypha fischeri mababiensis"],["21205","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.48",null,null,null,"2025-1170","The <em>Mirafra</em> group of larks is treated as four polytypic genera based on the multilocus and genomic DNA data of Alström et al. (2023): <em>Mirafra</em>; <em>Corypha</em>; <em>Amirafra; </em>and <em>Plocealauda</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda apiata [Vieillot, 1816]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/62/mode/1up","Corypha"],["21206","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha apiata","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 1 p.342","Cape Clapper Lark","Cape Clapper Lark","Cape Clapper Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill Fynbos, shrubland, and Karoo scrub, from southwestern Namibia southward to coastal western and southwestern South Africa (and inland eastward to Northern Cape and western Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103765237","caclar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caclar1","avibase-6E24D502",null,null,"Malmesbury district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68873#page/446/mode/1up","Alauda apiata"],["21207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha apiata apiata","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 1 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Namibia and western coastal plain and interior South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07323D02",null,null,"Malmesbury district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68873#page/446/mode/1up","Alauda apiata"],["21208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha apiata marjoriae","(Winterbottom, 1956)","Ostrich 27 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (coastal plain of Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90DEC3CB",null,null,"Zoetendalsvlei, Bredasdorp, Union of South Africa","Systematic notes on birds of the Cape Province. Part I. Mirafra apiata (Vieillot), Part II. Calandrella sclateri Shelley.",null,"Mirafra apiata marjoriae"],["21209","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha fasciolata","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.99","Eastern Clapper Lark","Eastern Clapper Lark","Eastern Clapper Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill rocky tall grassland, and semiarid grasslands in Kalahari Desert, from western Zambia (and possibly southeastern Angola), southward to south-central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103765243","eaclar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaclar1","avibase-8A1D5A9C",null,null,"'Caffraria superiore'; type from north of the Vaal River, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/109/mode/1up","Alauda fasciolata"],["21210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha fasciolata reynoldsi","(Benson & Irwin, 1965)","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 1 (37) p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zambia, northern Namibia, and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C3BC30A",null,null,"Senanga district, Barotseland [Rhodesia]","A new subspecies of clapper lark, Mirafra apiata, from Barotseland.",null,"Mirafra apiata reynoldsi"],["21211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha fasciolata jappi","(Traylor, 1962)","Fieldiana Zoology 44 no.12 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DA1A94D",null,null,"Liuwa Plain, Kalabo District, Barotseland Protectorate, Northern Rhodesia","New birds from Barotseland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21221#page/7/mode/1up","Mirafra apiata jappi"],["21212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha fasciolata nata","(Smithers, 1955)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.3 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41B088B8",null,null,"10 miles west of Nata, northeastern Bechuanaland.","A new race of Lark from Bechuanaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/55/mode/1up","Mirafra damarensis nata"],["21213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha fasciolata damarensis","(Sharpe, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.650-651, pl. LXXV, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Namibia to western, eastern, and central Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7DDE38F",null,null,"Ondonga, Damaraland.","A Study of the Larks of Southern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/830/mode/1up","Mirafra damarensis"],["21214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha fasciolata fasciolata","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-225A6744",null,null,"'Caffraria superiore'; type from north of the Vaal River, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/109/mode/1up","Alauda fasciolata"],["21215","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kurrae","(Lynes, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.95","Highland Lark","Highland Lark",null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","grassy fields sparsely in western Africa, from southern Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and adjacent Ivory Coast, north-central Cameroon, Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, and southwestern Sudan",null,null,null,"higlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/higlar1","avibase-B3C302A3",null,null,"Kurra, 5,000 feet, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/501/mode/1up","Mirafra africana kurrae"],["21216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kurrae kurrae","(Lynes, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan (Kurra and Darfur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-569C10DC",null,null,"Kurra, 5,000 feet, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/501/mode/1up","Mirafra africana kurrae"],["21217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kurrae batesi","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Niger to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7BD433E",null,null,"near Jos (south) [Bauchi Plateau], 4,000 feet, Northern Nigeria.","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Cameroon-Nigerian Highlands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/569/mode/1up","Mirafra batesi"],["21218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kurrae stresemanni","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Cameroon (Ngaoundéré)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A14DD9D",null,null,"15 miles north of Ngaundere, 3,700 feet, Cameroons.","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Cameroon-Nigerian Highlands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/570/mode/1up","Mirafra stresemanni"],["21219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kurrae bamendae","(Serle, 1959)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 79, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B77EC712",null,null,"Near Sabga Pass (6 N 10 17'E), 12 mi. east of Bamenda, British Cameroons, 5000 ft.","A new race of Mirafra africana Smith from British Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125532#page/28/mode/1up","Mirafra africana bamendae"],["21220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kurrae henrici","(Bates, 1930)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Liberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6633AAD",null,null,"near foot of Mt. Nimba, 2,000 feet, French Guinea.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/79/mode/1up","Mirafra africana henrici"],["21221","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kabalii","(White, 1943)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 64 p.20","Plains Lark","Plains Lark",null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","grassy fields with sparse open areas from southeastern Gabon southward to eastern Angola and western Zambia",null,null,null,"plalar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plalar1","avibase-E944B680",null,null,"Minyanya Plain, northwestern corner of the Balovale district of Northern Rhodesia, a few miles from the Angola border.","Three new Races from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125661#page/44/mode/1up","Mirafra africana kabalii"],["21222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kabalii kabalii","(White, 1943)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 64 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Angola (Luiacana) and western Zambia (Balovale)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1CCC780",null,null,"Minyanya Plain, northwestern corner of the Balovale district of Northern Rhodesia, a few miles from the Angola border.","Three new Races from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125661#page/44/mode/1up","Mirafra africana kabalii"],["21223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kabalii irwini","(Pinto, 1968)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 3/4, Jahrgang 19 p.282",null,null,null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","southeastern Angola (Cuando Cubango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55A5E7DD",null,null,"Rio Longa (Longa), distrito do Cuando-Cubango, Angola, por M. Loureiro em 11 de Junho de 1966","Algumas formas novas para Angola e outras para a Ciência descobertas no distrito do Cuando-Cubango (Angola).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156346#page/302/mode/1up","Mirafra africana irwini"],["21224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kabalii malbranti","(Chapin, 1946)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Djambala, Petianga, and Kasai) to southeastern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E03328AE",null,null,"30 kilometers south of Djambala, French Congo.","A new Lark from the French Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/31/mode/1up","Mirafra malbranti"],["21225","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha nigrescens","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.39","Plateau Lark","Plateau Lark",null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","grassy fields in the Kitulu and Nyika plateaus of southern Tanzania, northern Malawi, and adjacent Zambia",null,null,null,"runlar7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runlar7","avibase-34A04B56",null,null,"Elton Pass, Ukinga, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/57/mode/1up","Mirafra nigrescens"],["21226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha nigrescens nigrescens","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zambia (Lundazi) and southern Tanzania (Ukinga and Njombe)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB0424F8",null,null,"Elton Pass, Ukinga, Tanganyika Territory.","Neue Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/57/mode/1up","Mirafra nigrescens"],["21227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha nigrescens nyikae","(Benson, 1939)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Nyika Plateau (eastern Zambia and Malawi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-218508D1",null,null,"? Nyika Plateau, 8,000 feet, Nyasaland.","A new Lark from Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/115/mode/1up","Mirafra africana nyikae"],["21228","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47","Rufous-naped Lark","Rufous-naped Lark",null,"2025-0218, 2025-1204","2025-0218)) Taxon <em>sharpii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Corypha africana</em> based on genetics. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Alström et al. 2023) and genome-wide data (Alström et al. 2024) indicate that <em>C. africana sensu lato </em>is not monophyletic, with <em>sharpii </em>forming a deeply divergent clade along with <em>C. hypermetra</em> and <em>C. somalica</em>. Differences in plumage and proportions (Donald &amp; Alström 2024) also support species recognition for <em>sharpii</em>. 2025-1204)) Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha</em> based on an integrative study of plumage, morphometrics, vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra </em>(polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi </em>(including <em>harterti</em>); <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>); <em>C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini</em> and <em>malbranti</em>); and <em>C. kurrae</em> (including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini </em>that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","savanna, open grassland with trees, grassy fynbos, and bare ground from northern Uganda, adjacent Democratic Republic of Congo, and western Kenya southward to Zambia, northwestern Mozambique, and adjacent Malawi, and from southern Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola southward to central Namibia and Botswana to southern South Africa and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,"runlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runlar1","avibase-EB9CE6A2",null,null,"eastern Cape Province and the country as far as Latakoo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Mirafra africana"],["21229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana tropicalis","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uganda to western Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C0BC05C",null,null,"tropical East Africa to lake districts and Uganda ; type from Bukoba, Lake Victoria.","Another small contribution to African ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/59/mode/1up","Mirafra africana tropicalis"],["21230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana ruwenzoria","(Kinnear, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3BDD14B",null,null,"Mokia, 3,400 feet, southeastern Ruwenzori.","Description of two new races from S. Chin Hills, Burma and one race from S.E. Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/169/mode/1up","Mirafra africana ruwenzoria"],["21231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana chapini","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1939)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D46BAC21",null,null,"Nasondoye and Kanzenze, southeastern Belgian Congo.","Two new Races of Larks from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/170/mode/1up","Mirafra africana chapini"],["21232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana occidentalis","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola (Huila escarpment north to Kisama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AEE9F4D",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/227/mode/1up","Megalophonus occidentalis"],["21233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana gomesi","(White, 1944)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 65 p.5",null,null,null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","eastern Angola (Macondo) to northwestern Zambia (Kabompo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF5B194F",null,null,"Plain in the Macondo district of Angola, east of the Lunyuwe River.","New Races of Lark, Pipit, and Cordon Bleu from Northern Rhodesia, Angola, and the Belgian Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125662#page/29/mode/1up","Mirafra africana gomesi"],["21234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana grisescens","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"western Zambia to northwestern Zimbabwe and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E33C28F0",null,null,"Tibakais Vley, Matabeleland.","[Description of two apparently undescribed races of Mirafra africana].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/320/mode/1up","Mirafra grisescens"],["21235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana pallida","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia (Windhoek north to Kaokoveld and Ovamboland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52E04CE8",null,null,"Damaraland.","[Description of two apparently undescribed races of Mirafra africana].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/320/mode/1up","Mirafra pallida"],["21236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana ghansiensis","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and western Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F410C28B",null,null,"Gemsbok Pan, Ghanzi District.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Africorys africana ghansiensis"],["21237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana isolata","(Clancey, 1956)","Durban Museum Novitates 4 (17) p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi (Mangochi District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-478ABC85",null,null,"Fort Johnston Dist., south end Lake Nyasa, Nyasaland.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 7. A new race of Mirafra africana (Smith) from Nyasaland.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1949","Mirafra africana isolata"],["21238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana transvaalensis","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana to Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Malawi, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B86F7CD",null,null,"Rustenburg, Transvaal.","Another small contribution to African ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/59/mode/1up","Mirafra africana transvaalensis"],["21239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha africana africana","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southern KwaZulu-Natal to eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFC50E08",null,null,"eastern Cape Province and the country as far as Latakoo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/127/mode/1up","Mirafra africana"],["21240","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha athi","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.46","Sentinel Lark","Sentinel Lark",null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","grassy fields in south-central Kenya and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,"senlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/senlar1","avibase-D167A312",null,null,"Athi Plains, Kenya Colony.","Another small contribution to African ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/60/mode/1up","Mirafra africana athi"],["21241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha athi athi","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya (Nairobi and Nakuru) to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86A6DA06",null,null,"Athi Plains, Kenya Colony.","Another small contribution to African ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/60/mode/1up","Mirafra africana athi"],["21242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha athi harterti","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kenya (Ukamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EDD09FB",null,null,"Kiboko River, southern Ukamba, Kenya Colony.","Description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/417/mode/1up","Mirafra africana harterti"],["21243","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha somalica","(Witherby, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.29","Somali Lark","Somali Lark","Somali Lark","2025-1164","Although sometimes split as a monotyic species, taxon <em>ashi </em>(with <em>rochei </em>as a junior synonym) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Corypha somalica</em> based on genomic DNA data, supported by phenotypic analysis (Alström et al. 2024).","lowland open grassland, often on red sand, of Somalia and adjacent eastern Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/200384015","slblar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slblar1","avibase-74DEDA0A",null,null,"Dibbit, Somaliland [Col. pl., Ibis, 1905, pl. 10, p. 512].","New birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/511/mode/1up","Certhilauda somalica"],["21244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha somalica somalica","(Witherby, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F711542",null,null,"Dibbit, Somaliland [Col. pl., Ibis, 1905, pl. 10, p. 512].","New birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/511/mode/1up","Certhilauda somalica"],["21245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha somalica ashi","(Colston, 1982)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F4F7281",null,null,"13 km northern of Uarsciek, southern Somalia, 2 17'N, 45 50'E","A new species of Mirafra (Alaudidae) and new races of the Somali Long-billed Lark Mirafra somalica, Thekla Lark Galerida malabarica and Malindi Pipit Anthus melindae from southern coastal Somalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/325/mode/1up","Mirafra ashi"],["21246","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha hypermetra","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.155","Red-winged Lark","Red-winged Lark",null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","savanna and grassland with scattered trees from central Ethiopia southward through Kenya to northern Tanzania, and in southern Somalia",null,null,null,"rewlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewlar1","avibase-5F213A7D",null,null,"Kibaradja [Tana River, Kenya Colony].","Neue Vögel aus Ostafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0155.pdf","Spilocorydon hypermetrus"],["21247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha hypermetra gallarum","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D7AF2E",null,null,"Bouta, Hawash Valley, Ethiopia.","Description of new genera, species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/508/mode/1up","Mirafra hypermetra gallarum"],["21248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha hypermetra hypermetra","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia to Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16F604C2",null,null,"Kibaradja [Tana River, Kenya Colony].","Neue Vögel aus Ostafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0155.pdf","Spilocorydon hypermetrus"],["21249","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha sharpii","(Elliot, 1897)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.2 p.37","Russet Lark","Russet Lark","Sharpe's Lark","2025-0218","Taxon <em>sharpii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Corypha africana</em> based on genetics. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Alström et al. 2023) and genome-wide data (Alström et al. 2024) indicate that <em>C. africana sensu lato </em>is not monophyletic, with <em>sharpii </em>forming a deeply divergent clade along with<em> C. hypermetra </em>and <em>C. somalica</em>. Differences plumage and proportions (Donald &amp; Alström 2024) also support species recognition for <em>sharpii</em>.","patchy in lowland to foothill open grassy plains, and open dry woodland, in northwestern Somalia, with one record in adjacent northeastern Ethiopia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717059","runlar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runlar2","avibase-F90063D3",null,null,"Silo Plain, Somaliland.","Catalogue of a collection of birds obtained by the expedition into Somali-land","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20404#page/17/mode/1up","Mirafra sharpii"],["21250","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kidepoensis","(Macdonald, 1940)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.59","Kidepo Lark","Kidepo Lark",null,"2025-1204","Five new polytypic species are recognized in the genus <em>Corypha </em>based on integrative analysis of morphology (including plumage), vocalizations, and genetics (Alström et al. 2023, 2024): <em>C. kidepoensis</em> (including <em>kathangorensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>C. hypermetra</em> (polytypic, including <em>gallarum</em>); <em>C. athi</em> (including <em>harterti</em>), <em>C. nigrescens </em>(including <em>nyikae</em>),<em> C. kabalii</em> (including <em>irwini </em>and <em>malbranti</em>), and <em>C. kurrae </em>(including <em>bamendae, batesi, henrici</em>, and <em>stresemanni</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>C. africana</em>. Taxon <em>irwini </em>is poorly known, and sometimes synonymized with <em>C. africana gomesi</em>. However, based on analysis of specimens (n=2) there are clear differences from a specimen of <em>gomesi </em>(and the type description), and the one <em>irwini</em> that has been analysed genetically was found to be very closely related to <em>kabalii</em> and <em>malbranti </em>(although <em>gomesi </em>has yet to be analysed genetically).","savanna and grassland with scattered trees in southwestern Ethiopia and adjacent South Sudan, in northeastern Uganda, and far southeastern South Sudan",null,null,null,"kidlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kidlar1","avibase-724BF4FF",null,null,"Ero, 4,000 feet, south edge of the Didinga Mts., lat. 4° 6' N., long. 33° 44' E., Sudan.","A new Race of Francolin and a new Race of Lark from the Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/89/mode/1up","Mirafra hypermetra kidepoensis"],["21251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kidepoensis kathangorensis","(Cave, 1940)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ethiopia and adjacent southeastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2F182CE",null,null,"Kathangore, 1,200 feet, lat. 5° 45' N., long. 33° 50' E., Equatoria, Sudan.","New Races of a Francolin and a Lark from the Southern Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/126/mode/1up","Mirafra hypermetra kathangorensis"],["21252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Corypha kidepoensis kidepoensis","(Macdonald, 1940)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and northeastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-933F2BF1",null,null,"Ero, 4,000 feet, south edge of the Didinga Mts., lat. 4° 6' N., long. 33° 44' E., Sudan.","A new Race of Francolin and a new Race of Lark from the Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/89/mode/1up","Mirafra hypermetra kidepoensis"],["21253","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Lullula","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.92",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda arborea [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 80).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/120/mode/1up","Lullula"],["21254","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Lullula arborea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166","Woodlark","Wood Lark","Woodlark",null,null,"Western Palearctic from northern Scandinavia and British Isles southward through Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa, eastward to the Crimea, Caucasus, Turkmenistan, and Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717411","woolar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woolar1","avibase-742EC2F1",null,null,"Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda arborea"],["21255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Lullula arborea arborea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe southward to Portugal, northern Spain, northern Italy, northern Balkans, northwestern Romania, and Ukraine",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0238209D",null,null,"Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda arborea"],["21256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Lullula arborea pallida","Zarudny, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Europe to Crimea, Caucasus, Iran, and Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFEECC4C",null,null,"Hills of Transcaspia.","Lullula arborea pallida sp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/74/mode/1up","Lullula arborea pallida"],["21257","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys","Sundevall, 1872","Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda conirostris [Sundevall, 1850]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214645#page/136/mode/1up","Spizocorys"],["21258","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys starki","(Shelley, 1902)","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.135 pl.22 fig.2","Stark's Lark","Stark's Lark","Stark's Lark",null,null,"lowland arid and semiarid grassland on gravel and hard limestone, and lightly-shrubbed grassy plains, from western Angola coastal plain southward through Namibia to southwestern Botswana and northwestern South Africa; nomadic dispersal after rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717372","stalar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stalar2","avibase-352A5391",null,null,"Wilson's Fountain, Great Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49571#page/165/mode/1up","Calandrella starki"],["21259","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys personata","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.471","Masked Lark","Masked Lark","Masked Lark",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane sparse dry grassland on black or red lava of southern and eastern Ethiopia, and of northern and central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717364","maslar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maslar1","avibase-419AEB97",null,null,"Sassabana, near Milmil, Ethiopian Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/573/mode/1up","Spizocorys personata"],["21260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys personata personata","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BA7F05A",null,null,"Sassabana, near Milmil, Ethiopian Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/573/mode/1up","Spizocorys personata"],["21261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys personata yavelloensis","(Benson, 1947)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya (southward to Dida Galgallu Desert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F057FCB",null,null,"ten miles west of Yavello, Ethiopia.","New Races of Larks from Abyssinia and Kenya Colony and a new Race of Scaley Chatterer from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/37/mode/1up","Aethocorys personata yavelloensis"],["21262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys personata mcchesneyi","(Williams, 1957)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.9 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kenya (Marsabit Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27494192",null,null,"Marsabit Plateau, northern Kenya (4,000 ft.).","Notes on Aëthocorys personata and the Description of a New Race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/207/mode/1up","Aethocorys personata mcChesneyi"],["21263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys personata intensa","(Rothschild, 1931)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C2C5377",null,null,"Chanler Falls, Guaso Nyiro River, Kenya Colony.","Description of a new subspecies of Lark.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/134/mode/1up","Aethocorys personata intensa"],["21264","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys conirostris","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.99","Pink-billed Lark","Pink-billed Lark","Pink-billed Lark",null,null,"lowland to submontane grassland, semiarid Karoo, and Kalahari grassy dunes and savanna, from far southern Angola, northern Namibia, and western Zambia, and southward through central Botswana to eastern South Africa; nomadic after rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717352","piblar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piblar1","avibase-1E4143F8",null,null,"Caffraria superiore ; type from north of the Drakensberg, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/109/mode/1up","Alauda conirostris"],["21265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys conirostris damarensis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Namibia (Swakop River to Ovamboland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F742BBB3",null,null,"Ondonga, South West Africa.","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/343/mode/1up","Spizocorys conirostris damarensis"],["21266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys conirostris crypta","(Irwin, 1957)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.7 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Botswana (Makgadikgadi Pan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FF0DA86",null,null,"Mumpswe, 7 miles north of the Makarikari Salt Pan complex and 15 miles west of Nata, northern Bechuanaland Protectorate. Collected by Michael P. Stuart Irwin, 15th September, 1954","A New Race of the Pink-Billed Lark Calandrella conirostris from Northern Bechuanaland Protectorate.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/159/mode/1up","Calandrella conirostris crypta"],["21267","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys conirostris makawai","(Traylor, 1962)","Fieldiana Zoology 44 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Zambia (Liuwa and Mutala plains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-357931BD",null,null,"Liuwa Plain, Kalabo District, Barotseland Protectorate, Northern Rhodesia [=Zimbabwe]","New birds from Barotseland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21221#page/8/mode/1up","Calandrella conirostris makawai"],["21268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys conirostris harti","(Benson, 1964)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 84 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Zambia (Matabele Plain)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-374D6D71",null,null,"on the Matabele Plain, Barotseland, Northern Rhodesia,: at 16° 26’ S., 23° 10’ E., 1st December, 1963 by Jam Makawa","A new subspecies of Pink-billed Lark, Calandrella conirostris from Barotseland, Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126839#page/149/mode/1up","Calandrella conirostris harti"],["21269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys conirostris barlowi","Roberts, 1942","Ostrich 13 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia to southern Botswana and northwestern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B860D968",null,null,"twenty miles northwest of Upington, northwestern Cape Province.","A new Lark from Upington.",null,"Spizocorys conirostris barlowi"],["21270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys conirostris conirostris","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa and northwestern Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBB79FDA",null,null,"Caffraria superiore ; type from north of the Drakensberg, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/109/mode/1up","Alauda conirostris"],["21271","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys fringillaris","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.99","Botha's Lark","Botha's Lark","Botha's Lark",null,null,"foothill short grassland, and grazed areas with bare patches, in east-central South Africa",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717368","botlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/botlar1","avibase-53C0293A",null,null,"Caffraria superiore; type from north of Drakensberg, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/109/mode/1up","Alauda fringillaris"],["21272","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys fremantlii","(Lort Phillips, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.46","Short-tailed Lark","Short-tailed Lark","Short-tailed Lark",null,null,"lowland to montane arid grassland, short grazed grassland, and semiarid scrub, from Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward to southern Kenya and adjacent northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717407","shtlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtlar1","avibase-1AF3034A",null,null,"Goolis Mts., British Somaliland; type from Gedais. Col. pl., Ibis, 1898, pl. 9, fig. 2.","New species of birds from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/406/mode/1up","Calendula fremantlii"],["21273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys fremantlii fremantlii","(Lort Phillips, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D086C886",null,null,"Goolis Mts., British Somaliland; type from Gedais. Col. pl., Ibis, 1898, pl. 9, fig. 2.","New species of birds from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/406/mode/1up","Calendula fremantlii"],["21274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys fremantlii megaensis","(Benson, 1946)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA6216C3",null,null,"fifteen miles north of Mega, Ethiopia.","Two New Races of Larks from Southern Abyssinia, and a New Race of Green-headed Oriole from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/51/mode/1up","Pseudalaemon fremantlii megaensis"],["21275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys fremantlii delamerei","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED9896EE",null,null,"Athi River, East Africa.","[Description of three apparently new species of birds from British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/134/mode/1up","Pseudalaemon delamerei"],["21276","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys sclateri","(Shelley, 1902)","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.136 pl.22 fig.3","Sclater's Lark","Sclater's Lark","Sclater's Lark",null,null,"lowland stony plains with ephemeral grassland, and scattered open scrub in bare stony Karoo, in southern Namibia and interior western South Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717356","scllar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scllar1","avibase-527EE4D4",null,null,"Hountop River, Great Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49571#page/166/mode/1up","Calandrella sclateri"],["21277","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Spizocorys obbiensis","Witherby, 1905","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.20 p.514","Obbia Lark","Obbia Lark","Obbia Lark",null,null,"lowland vegetated coastal dunes, open grazed grassland on coastal plains, and open scrubby grassland away from coast, in coastal central Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717360","obblar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obblar1","avibase-D7A55FB3",null,null,"Obbia, east coast of Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds from Somaliland. With Field-notes by the Collector, Captain A. E. Hamerton, R.A.M.C., D.S.O..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/538/mode/1up","Spizocorys obbiensis"],["21278","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda arvensis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Selby, 1825, Illustrations of British Ornithology, 1, p. xxix).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/184/mode/1up","Alauda"],["21279","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda leucoptera","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.518 pl.33 fig.2","White-winged Lark","White-winged Lark","White-winged Lark",null,null,"foothill and submontane arid steppe grassland, scrubby Artemisia steppe, and cultivation, from southwestern Russia and northern Kazakhstan eastward to northwestern China; winters to eastern Ukraine, northern Iran, and Kyrgyzstan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717298","whwlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwlar1","avibase-400B3679",null,null,"Baraba Steppes, Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/550/mode/1up","Alauda leucoptera"],["21280","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda razae","(Alexander, 1898)","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.13 p.107 pl.3","Raso Lark","Raso Skylark","Raso Lark",null,null,"Raso Island (Cabo Verde)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717428","razsky1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/razsky1","avibase-359C16F5",null,null,"Raza, Cape Verde Islands.","An Ornithological Expedition to the Cape Verde Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/151/mode/1up","Spizocorys razae"],["21281","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula","Franklin, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.119","Oriental Skylark","Oriental Skylark","Oriental Skylark",null,null,"breeds southern and eastern Kazakhstan and eastern Turkmenistan eastward along the Himalayas and much of the Tibetan Plateau to eastern China, southward in southeastern Asia, Taiwan, and Philippines; winters to southeastern Arabian Peninsula, southwestern Asia, northern Bangladesh, northeastern India, and northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717424","orisky1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orisky1","avibase-E988F1D5",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, or Vindhya Hills; restricted to between Calcutta and Benares by Whistler, 1936, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 38, p. 767.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/133/mode/1up","Alauda Gulgula"],["21282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula inconspicua","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaspia to Turkmenistan, eastern Iran, Afghanistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-322F8D73",null,null,"Turkestan.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Alauda inconspicua"],["21283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula lhamarum","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Pamir Mountains and western Himalayas (Kashmir to northern Punjab)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FC6EE23",null,null,"Ladak [=Ladakh, India]","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Himalayas and Kashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/138/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis lhamarum"],["21284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula australis","Brooks, 1873","Stray Feathers 1, no.6 p.484, p.486-487",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-415A6735",null,null,"Ooctacamund.","Notes on the Skylarks of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/514/mode/1up","Alauda Australis"],["21285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula inopinata","Bianchi, 1905","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 9 p.xxiv, xxx, xxxi",null,null,null,null,null,"Tibetan plateau, eastern Qinghai, Gansu, and southwestern Inner Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CFE7C5F",null,null,"eastern Tibet from the Nan Shan and Koko Nor to the Mekong.","Note préliminaire sur les formes paléarctiques orientales du genre Alauda Linn..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37023#page/98/mode/1up","Alauda japonica inopinata"],["21286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula vernayi","Mayr, 1941","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.3 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas and adjacent China (southeastern Tibet and western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8A85FB9",null,null,"Changy-inhku, Burma- Yunnan border.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part IV.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00631.x","Alauda arvensis vernayi"],["21287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula gulgula","Franklin, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India to Sri Lanka and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A7DBD47",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, or Vindhya Hills; restricted to between Calcutta and Benares by Whistler, 1936, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 38, p. 767.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/133/mode/1up","Alauda Gulgula"],["21288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula weigoldi","Hartert, 1922","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 15, no.3 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China (Shandong to southern Shaanxi and central Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53A279EC",null,null,"Hankow, China.","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Osttibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobactungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds. 1te Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/263262#page/30/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis weigoldi"],["21289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula coelivox","Swinhoe, 1859","The Zoologist 17 p.6724",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern and southern China to northern Vietnam; Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCD0F3B7",null,null,"Amoy, Fukien, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123058#page/432/mode/1up","Alauda coelivox"],["21290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda gulgula wattersi","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.389-390",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95703713",null,null,"South Formosa and the Pescadores.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/485/mode/1up","Alauda wattersi"],["21291","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165","Eurasian Skylark","Eurasian Skylark","Eurasian Skylark",null,null,"lowland to montane grassland, farmland, heath, steppe, and meadows, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia and Kamchatka, and southward to northwestern Africa, southern Europe, northern Iran, and Japan; has bred Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Northern populations migrate southward to northern Africa, Middle East, northern India, and eastern China; introduced in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands (all main islands), and Vancouver Island, British Columbia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/102998555","skylar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/skylar","avibase-ED2AC04E",null,null,"Europe = Sweden ex Fn. Svec, and restricted to Uppsala by Meinertzhagen, 1951, p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/184/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis"],["21292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis arvensis","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles and northern Scandinavia eastward to central Europe; introduced to southeastern Australia including Tasmania, North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands (New Zealand), Hawaii, and Vancouver Island (southwestern British Columbia, southwestern Canada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2DC37A5",null,null,"Europe = Sweden ex Fn. Svec, and restricted to Uppsala by Meinertzhagen, 1951, p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/184/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis"],["21293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis sierrae","Weigold, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"Portugal to central and southern Spain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A637585F",null,null,"Capilleira, Sierra Nevada, Spain.","Neue Formen aus Spanien und Portugal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/140/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis sierrae"],["21294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis harterti","Whitaker, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56056087",null,null,"El Oubira, central Tunisia.","A new species of Skylark from N. Tunisia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/630/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis harterti"],["21295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis cantarella","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Europe to Balkans, Crimea, and Iran; winters to northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A04375CE",null,null,"central Italy; restricted to Gubbio in the Roman Appenines by Meinertzhagen, 1951, p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/389/mode/1up","Alauda cantarella"],["21296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis armenica","Bogdanov, 1879","Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoipytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitetie 8, no.4 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaucasia and eastern Türkiye to southwestern Iran (Zagros and Elburz mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36EAA158",null,null,"Akhaltsikha.",null,null,"Alauda arvensis armenicus"],["21297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis dulcivox","Hume, 1872","Stray Feathers 1, no.1 p.39,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia to Yenisey basin and Afghanistan; winters to northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75A5FF4D",null,null,"Himalayas and northwestern Punjab. First Description.","The Skylarks of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/55/mode/1up","Alauda dulcivox"],["21298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis kiborti","Zaliesski, 1917","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 8, no.2 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Siberia to northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula; winters to eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C2C5B9B",null,null,"Old Ilanskaya, Kansk district, Siberia.","Alauda arvensis kiborti subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/194595#page/61/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis kiborti"],["21299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis intermedia","Swinhoe, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southeastern Siberia and Korean Peninsula, probably also in northeastern China; winters in southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5555FEBB",null,null,"Shanghai, China.","On New and little-known Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/137/mode/1up","Alauda intermedia"],["21300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis pekinensis","Swinhoe, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Siberia to Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka Peninsula, and Kuril Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C69C55BE",null,null,"Pekin [now Peiping], China.","On New and little-known Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/137/mode/1up","Alauda pekinensis"],["21301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis lonnbergi","Hachisuka, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia, North Korea, and Shantar and Sakhalin islands, northeastern Russia); winters in northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00FD2EF7",null,null,"Chepisani, Sakhalin.","Description of a new race of the Skylark from Saghalien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/57/mode/1up","Alauda arvensis lönnbergi"],["21302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alauda arvensis japonica","Temminck & Schlegel, 1848","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.87, pl.47",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu) and Jeju Island (South Korea); winters in southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4252223",null,null,"Japan; restricted to northern Hondo by Yamashina, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 59, p. 135.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/97/mode/1up","Alauda japonica"],["21303","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.321",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda cristata [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 47).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/169/mode/1up","Galerida"],["21304","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida magnirostris","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 14, pt.1 p.26","Large-billed Lark","Large-billed Lark","Large-billed Lark",null,null,"lowland to montane dry grassland, Karoo shrubland, and open coastal scrub of southwestern Namibia, western and central South Africa (eastward to Free State and western KwaZulu-Natal), and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717402","lablar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lablar1","avibase-6CC67AB9",null,null,"South Africa = Cape Town, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/75732#page/34/mode/1up","Alauda magnirostris"],["21305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida magnirostris magnirostris","(Stephens, 1826)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 14, pt.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11B5FCC8",null,null,"South Africa = Cape Town, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/75732#page/34/mode/1up","Alauda magnirostris"],["21306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida magnirostris sedentaria","Clancey, 1993","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 113, no.3 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Namibia and western South Africa (eastward to Griqualand West)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F1FE823",null,null,"8 miles west of Khubus (Kuboes), Richtersveld, lower Orange R., northwestern Cape Province. 19 August 1960; collected by Dr M. Courtenay-Latimer","Subspeciation in the austral African Thick-billed Lark.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/192/mode/1up","Galerida magnirostris sedentaria"],["21307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida magnirostris harei","(Roberts, 1924)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 10, pt.2 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"western grassland of South Africa and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FBAB106",null,null,"Philipstown, Cape Province.","Classification of South African Birds : Some additional notes.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_728","Calendula magnirostris harei"],["21308","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida modesta","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.274","Sun Lark","Sun Lark","Sun Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill short grassland, dry rocky hills, and arid savanna, from Senegambia eastward through the Sahel to southwestern Sudan, and southward to Sierra Leone, and northern Ghana to northwestern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717398","sunlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunlar1","avibase-0E6D5DBE",null,null,"Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/286/mode/1up","Galerida modesta"],["21309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida modesta modesta","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"Burkina Faso to northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Chad, and western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F8592C9",null,null,"Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/286/mode/1up","Galerida modesta"],["21310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida modesta nigrita","(Grote, 1920)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 28 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Sierra Leone and Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74A8A156",null,null,"Mamou, Province of Futa Jallon, French Guinea.","Eine neue Haubenlerche von Französich-Guinea : Heliocorys modesta nigrita nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101390#page/108/mode/1up","Heliocorys modesta nigrita"],["21311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida modesta struempelli","(Reichenow, 1910)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon (Foumban, Tibati, and Ngaoundéré)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C6260B5",null,null,"Ngaundere, Cameroons.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/205/mode/1up","Mirafra strümpelli"],["21312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida modesta bucolica","(Hartlaub, 1887)","Zoologische Jahrbücher 1 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27116673",null,null,"Tomaja, S. Bahr-el-Ghazal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39623#page/335/mode/1up","Miraffra bucolica"],["21313","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida deva","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.92,93","Sykes's Lark","Tawny Lark","Sykes's Lark",null,null,"semiarid central plateau of India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717394","tawlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawlar1","avibase-4A6368CF",null,null,"Dukhun = Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/296/mode/1up","Alauda Deva"],["21314","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae","Brehm, 1857","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 Heft12 p.456","Thekla's Lark","Thekla's Lark","Thekla's Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane arid steppe, open rocky hills with shrubs, and low acacia scrub of southern Iberian Peninsula including Balearic Islands, and far southern France, and from Western Sahara eastward to Tunisia and northern Libya, and from southern Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia southward to northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717387","thelar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thelar1","avibase-5351025C",null,null,"Jativa, near Valencia, and in the Sierra Nevada, Spain.","Beilage Nr. 6. Etwas über die Haubenlerchen, Galerita, Boje. (Alauda cristata, L., et undata, L.).","https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/482","Galerita Theklae"],["21315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae theklae","Brehm, 1857","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 Heft12 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands, and far southern France",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90B1EFE2",null,null,"Jativa, near Valencia, and in the Sierra Nevada, Spain.","Beilage Nr. 6. Etwas über die Haubenlerchen, Galerita, Boje. (Alauda cristata, L., et undata, L.).","https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/482","Galerita Theklae"],["21316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae erlangeri","Hartert, 1904","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Morocco (eastward to Algerian border, southward to Middle Atlas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6D879CC",null,null,"Tangier, Morocco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/305/mode/1up","Galerida theklae erlangeri"],["21317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae ruficolor","Whitaker, 1898","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.16 p.603-604",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and central Morocco, coastal Algeria, and northern Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1705B282",null,null,"central and southern Morocco.","On a Collection of Birds from Marocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/665/mode/1up","Galerida theklae ruficolor"],["21318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae theresae","Meinertzhagen, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Morocco (southward from Anti-Atlas Mountains) and Western Sahara",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F161B5AB",null,null,"Anti Atlas Mts., 30 km. south of Tiznit, southern Morocco.","New Species and Races from Morocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/95/mode/1up","Galerida theklae theresae"],["21319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae superflua","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.144,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Morocco (westward to Moulouya River) to northern Algeria and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5D0BA42",null,null,"south of Tunis","Notes on palaearctic birds and allied forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/160/mode/1up","Galerida cristata superflua"],["21320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae carolinae","Erlanger, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 no.11 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sahara (far eastern Morocco to northeastern Libya and far northwestern Egypt)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1798838",null,null,"Oued-oum el Graf, Tunisia.","Einige vorläufige Mitteilungen über Resultate meiner zweiten Reise nach Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/202/mode/1up","Galerida cristata carolinae"],["21321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae harrarensis","Érard & Jarry, 1973","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 93, no.4 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia (Jigjiga and Harar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B3671CE",null,null,"5 km west of Jigjigga, Ethiopia","A new race of Thekla Lark in Harrar, Ethiopia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/177/mode/1up","Galerida theklae harrarensis"],["21322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae huei","Érard & de Naurois, 1973","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 93, no.4 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Ethiopia (Bale Mountains and Arusi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C40AD27",null,null,"Dinsho, Ethiopia","A new race of Thekla Lark in Bale, Ethiopia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/179/mode/1up","Galerida theklae huei"],["21323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae praetermissa","(Blanford, 1869)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.23 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Eritrea to central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F5CA155",null,null,"Tigre, Ethiopia.","XXXVIII. Descriptions of five Birds and a Hare from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/344/mode/1up","Alauda praetermissa"],["21324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae ellioti","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.144,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4A4E565",null,null,"Daghabur and Hersi Barri, Somaliland","Notes on palaearctic birds and allied forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/160/mode/1up","Galerida ellioti"],["21325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae mallablensis","Colston, 1982","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EC7F8AF",null,null,"Mallable, 30 km northeast of Mogadishu, southern Somalia, 2 12'N, 45 37' E","A new species of Mirafra (Alaudidae) and new races of the Somali Long-billed Lark Mirafra somalica, Thekla Lark Galerida malabarica and Malindi Pipit Anthus melindae from southern coastal Somalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/329/mode/1up","Galerida malabarica mallablensis"],["21326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida theklae huriensis","Benson, 1947","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya (Huri Hills southward to Marsabit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15867DF2",null,null,"five miles south of the Ethiopia-Kenya border in the Huri Hills, between Mega and Marsabit, 3,000 feet.","New Races of Larks from Abyssinia and Kenya Colony and a new Race of Scaley Chatterer from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/37/mode/1up","Galerida theklae huriensis"],["21327","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida malabarica","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.94","Malabar Lark","Malabar Lark","Malabar Lark",null,null,"arid western Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717391","mallar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mallar1","avibase-DA29B24C",null,null,"China = Malabar Coast, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Alauda malabarica"],["21328","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166","Crested Lark","Crested Lark","Crested Lark","2025-0221","Taxon <em>macrorhyncha </em>(polytypic, including <em>randonii</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Galerida cristata</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Mensural traits show some overlap (Donald &amp; Alström 2024), and mitochondrial DNA evidence is inconsistent (Guillaumet et al. 2005, 2006, 2008) and geographically limited; further research is needed to determine species limits in this group.","patchy in lowland to submontane dry plains with sparse cover, dry cultivation, steppe, and sandy semi-desert, from western continental Europe eastward to northeastern China and Korean Peninsula, and southward to African Sahel, northern Kenya, Arabian Peninsula, and northern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717383","crelar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crelar1","avibase-21ADC3ED",null,null,"in Europae viis = Vienna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda cristata"],["21329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata pallida","Brehm, 1858","Naumannia 8 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C176E94D",null,null,"Spain = Masnou near Barcelona.","Beilage Nr. 6. Etwas über die Haubenlerchen, Galerita, Boje. (Alauda cristata, L., et undata, L.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49217#page/215/mode/1up","Galerita cristata pallida"],["21330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata cristata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"central Europe to Slovenia, Belarus, northern Hungary, and northern Ukraine",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4FF4A8C",null,null,"in Europae viis = Vienna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda cristata"],["21331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata neumanni","Hilgert, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy (Toscana southward to Rome area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCA27962",null,null,"Rome, Italy.","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/81/mode/1up","Galerida cristata neumanni"],["21332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata apuliae","Jordans, 1935","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 43 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Italy and Sicily",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADCAC430",null,null,"San Severo, Apulia, southern Italy.","Galerida cristata apuliae subsp. n..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_43_0114-0123.pdf#page=6","Galerida cristata apuliae"],["21333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata meridionalis","Brehm, 1841","Isis von Oken 34, heft 2 col.124, 128",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southern Balkans, Ionian Islands (western Greece), Crete, and western Anatolian Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B40A754F",null,null,"Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47575#page/70/mode/1up","Galerida meridionalis"],["21334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata cypriaca","Bianchi, 1907","Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg ser.5, vol.25, no.1-2 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Kárpathos, Rhodes, and Cyprus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01B3101A",null,null,"Cyprus.","[Catalogue of the known species of Larks, with a table showing the geographical distribution and a key to the genera].",null,"Galerida cristata cypriaca"],["21335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata tenuirostris","Brehm, 1858","Naumannia 8 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Hungary and Romania to southern Russia and western Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BBA94D0",null,null,"Sarepta [=Volgograd, Russia?]","Beilage Nr. 6. Etwas über die Haubenlerchen, Galerita, Boje. (Alauda cristata, L., et undata, L.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49217#page/216/mode/1up","Galerida cristata tenuirostris"],["21336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata caucasica","Taczanowski, 1888","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 12ème vol. p.621,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Aegean Islands, northern Türkiye, southern Caucasus, and western Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F566F13A",null,null,"Lagodechi, Caucasus.","Contributions à la faune ornithologique du Caucase.",null,"Galerida cristata caucasica"],["21337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata kleinschmidti","Erlanger, 1899","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.3 p.345, pl. VIII, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Morocco (eastward to Rif Mountains and southward to Middle Atlas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A833E5E8",null,null,"northern Morocco (Tangier).","Beiträge zur Avifauna Tunesiens. (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1899 S. 286.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/355/mode/1up","Galerida cristata kleinschmidti"],["21338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata riggenbachi","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.333-334",null,null,null,null,null,"western Morocco (Casablanca to Sous Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-485FF211",null,null,"near Mazagan, Morocco.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. IV. Abschnitt. Frühlingsausflug nach Marokko und Teneriffe. II. Kapitel. Einige Kurze Notizen über die Vogel der Gegend um Mazagan im mittleren Marokko.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/381/mode/1up","Galerida cristata riggenbachi"],["21339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata randonii","Loche, 1860","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12 p.150-151, pl. 11, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Hauts Plateaux of eastern Morocco and northwestern Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8594F11C",null,null,"Aïr Oussera, Algeria.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Alouettes découvertes dans le Sahara algérien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/154/mode/1up","Galerida Randoni"],["21340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata macrorhyncha","Tristram, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Morocco and northwestern Algeria south of Atlas Saharien to west-central Mauritania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD9629ED",null,null,"northern border of the Sahara; type from Laghouat, Algeria.","Characters of apparently new species of Birds collected in the great Desert of the Sahara, southwards of Algeria and Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/79/mode/1up","Galerida macrorhyncha"],["21341","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata carthaginis","Kleinschmidt & Hilgert, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Morocco to northern Tunisia (eastward to Sousse)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD798F86",null,null,"near Tunis.","Über nordafrikanische Haubenlerchen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/202/mode/1up","Galerida cristata carthaginis"],["21342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata arenicola","Tristram, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Algerian Sahara to southern Tunisia and northwestern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-428AB7D2",null,null,"sandy Algerian Sahara; type from Rhamdouas.","Characters of apparently new species of Birds collected in the great Desert of the Sahara, southwards of Algeria and Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/80/mode/1up","Galerida arenicola"],["21343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata festae","Hartert, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Libya (Benghazi to Tobruq)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5E0589C",null,null,"near Bengasi, Cyrenaica.","Exhibition and description of a new Crested Lark from Cyrenaica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/418/mode/1up","Galerida cristata festae"],["21344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata brachyura","Tristram, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Libya to coastal northern Egypt, northern Sinai, northern Saudi Arabian Peninsula, and southern Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15FDE827",null,null,"Ghor, south end of Dead Sea.","Report on the Birds of Palestine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/519/mode/1up","Galerida brachyura"],["21345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata helenae","Lavauden, 1926","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 10, Série 2, 18ème Année, no.201 p.6-7, pl. col., fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Algeria and immediately adjacent southwestern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC334A19",null,null,"Fort Polignac.","Description de deux nouveaux Cochevis d'Afrique.","https://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_RFORN_1926_T010_N201","Galerida cristata helenae"],["21346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata jordansi","Niethammer, 1955","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 1/2, Jahrgang 6 p.57-58",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Niger (Aïr Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D97E706",null,null,"Abbangarit, French Equatorial Africa. Requires confirmation.","Zur Vogelwelt des Ennedi-Gebirges (Französisch Äquatorial-Afrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/403/mode/1up","Galerida cristata jordansi"],["21347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata nigricans","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Egypt (Nile Delta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B40996A8",null,null,"Egypt and Thuringia = Nile Delta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/159/mode/1up","Galerita nigricans"],["21348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata maculata","Brehm, 1858","Naumannia 8 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (Nile Valley from Cairo to Aswan and El Faiyum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE861B49",null,null,"Aswan in Egypt; and Masnou in Spain = Aswan.","Beilage Nr. 6. Etwas über die Haubenlerchen, Galerita, Boje. (Alauda cristata, L., et undata, L.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49217#page/216/mode/1up","Galerida maculata"],["21349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata halfae","Nicoll, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (Nile Valley south of Aswan) to far northern Sudan (Wadi Halfa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2826FB4E",null,null,"Wadi Haifa, Egypt.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies from Egypt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/229/mode/1up","Galerida cristata halfae"],["21350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata altirostris","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9697B83F",null,null,"upper Egypt; type from near Akasheh on the Nile in Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/160/mode/1up","Galerita altirostris"],["21351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata somaliensis","Reichenow, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia, southern Ethiopia, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DF108F2",null,null,"Zeila, Somaliland.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna Nordostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/61/mode/1up","Galerida cristata somaliensis"],["21352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata balsaci","Dekeyser & Villiers, 1950","Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 12 p.675",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Mauritania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC22799C",null,null,"Nouakchott, Mauritania.","Contribution à l'étude du peuplement de la Mauritanie : Oiseaux récoltés par A. Villiers. Bulletin de","http://www.etudesahariennes.ma/attachments/article/93/17.pdf","Galerida cristata balsaci"],["21353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata senegallensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania, Senegambia, and Guinea-Bissau to Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29A450DF",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/157/mode/1up","Alauda senegallensis"],["21354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata alexanderi","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria to western Sudan and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20DE052D",null,null,"Bauchi, Haussaland.","Description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/417/mode/1up","Galerida cristata alexanderi"],["21355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata isabellina","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan (Kordofan to Nile Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93D3D33B",null,null,"Nubia aegyptiaca; restricted type locality Khartoum, Meinertzhagen, 1951.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/389/mode/1up","Galerida isabellina"],["21356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata cinnamomina","Hartert, 1904","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lebanon (western from Beirut) and northwestern Israel (Mount Carmel and Haifa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0DC9534",null,null,"Mt. Carmel, Palestine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/303/mode/1up","Galerida cristata cinnamomina"],["21357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata zion","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Türkiye, Syria, eastern Lebanon, and eastern Israel (southward to Jerusalem)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBDF9C58",null,null,"Jerusalem.","Descriptions of new subspecies from various localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/51/mode/1up","Galerida cristata zion"],["21358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata subtaurica","(Kollibay, 1912)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.26-27",null,null,null,null,null,"central Türkiye to southern Transcaucasia, northwestern Iran, western Turkmenistan, and eastern Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-811C3089",null,null,"Eregli, Asia Minor.","Neue Haubenlerchenformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/44/mode/1up","Ptilocorys cristata subtaurica"],["21359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata magna","Hume, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.407-408",null,null,null,null,null,"central Iran and central Turkmenistan eastward to southern Mongolia, northwestern China, and southward to northwestern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B05DA8F7",null,null,"Yarkand.","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/449/mode/1up","Galerida magna"],["21360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata leautungensis","(Swinhoe, 1861)","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.11 p.256-257",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85288DC9",null,null,"'Province of Leautung'; types from Talienwan, Liautung Peninsula, Manchuria.","Notes on the Birds observed about Talien Bay (North China), from June 21 to July 25, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/292/mode/1up","Alauda leautungensis"],["21361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata coreensis","Taczanowski, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.4 p.603-604",null,null,null,null,null,"Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFEED31C",null,null,"Seoul, Korea.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en Corée par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/741/mode/1up","Galerita cristata coreensis"],["21362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata lynesi","Whistler, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kashmir (Gilgit Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1912970E",null,null,"Gilgit.","Description of a new race of Crested Lark from Gilgit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/88/mode/1up","Galerida cristata lynesi"],["21363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Galerida cristata chendoola","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of southern Kashmir to eastern Pakistan, western and northern India, and southern Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9C80BA3",null,null,"Ganges and Verbudda.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/133/mode/1up","Alauda Chendoola"],["21364","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.322",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda alpestris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 47).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/169/mode/1up","Eremophila"],["21365","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila bilopha","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.3 pl.244 fig.1","Temminck's Lark","Temminck's Lark","Temminck's Lark",null,null,"desert of North Africa to northern Arabia and southwestern Iraq",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717438","temlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temlar1","avibase-89FCE277",null,null,"? deserts of Aqaba, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/357/mode/1up","Alauda bilopha"],["21366","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166","Horned Lark","Horned Lark","Horned Lark",null,null,"Holarctic, in Old World from Arctic Circle southward to northern Africa, Iran, and the Himalayas, and eastward to eastern Russia and Inner Mongolia; in New World from Arctic southward to central Mexico, and disjunctly in central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717434","horlar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horlar","avibase-FC0A1D95",null,null,"North America = coast of South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda alpestris"],["21367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris arcticola","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1271 p.806, p.816",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Alaska to mountains of British Columbia and northern Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEE03579",null,null,"Fort Reliance, Yukon River, Yukon Territory.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/912/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris arcticola"],["21368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris hoyti","(Bishop, 1896)","The Auk 13, no.2 p.130-132",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Arctic coast of North America to southern Canada; winters to northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64FCB659",null,null,"Cando, Towner County, North Dakota.","Descriptions of a new Horned Lark and a new Song Sparrow, with remarks on Sennett's Nighthawk.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol13/iss2/5/","Otocoris alpestris hoyti"],["21369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris alpestris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Arctic northeastern Canada to Newfoundland; winters to coastal southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6E2343E",null,null,"North America = coast of South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda alpestris"],["21370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris merrilli","(Dwight, 1890)","The Auk 7, no.2 p.153-154",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Cascades and adjacent lowlands from British Columbia to northeastern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C46F4C40",null,null,"Fort Klamath, Oregon.","The Horned Larks of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss2/6/","Otocoris alpestris merrilli"],["21371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris strigata","(Henshaw, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.3 p.261, 267",null,null,null,null,null,"humid coastal belt of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern USA west of the Cascades",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49692DCD",null,null,"Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Yuba County, California and Albany, Oregon = Fort Steilacoom, Washington.","The Shore Larks of the United States and adjacent territory.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/13/","Otocorys alpestris strigata"],["21372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris alpina","(Jewett, 1943)","The Auk 60, no.2 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"arctic-alpine summits of northwestern USA (mounts Rainier and St. Helens)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BEF43EE",null,null,"Mt. St. Helens, Skamania County, Washington.","A new Horned Lark from the State of Washington.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol60/iss2/12/","Otocoris alpestris alpina"],["21373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris lamprochroma","(Oberholser, 1932)","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 4, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Oregon to southwestern Idaho, northeastern California, and western Nevada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E32DCA6",null,null,"Spanish Lake, eastern base of Hart Mt., northern end of Warner Valley, 20 miles northeast of Adel, Lake County, Oregon.","Descriptions of new Birds from Oregon, chiefly from the Warner Valley region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130526#page/4/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris lamprochroma"],["21374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris leucolaema","Coues, 1874","Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries p.38-39",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Canada to southwestern USA and northwestern Texas; winters to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90380FC7",null,null,"Fort Randall, Greogry County, South Dakota.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114637#page/54/mode/1up","Eremophila alpestris var. leucolaema"],["21375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris enthymia","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24 p.807, p.817",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Great Plains of central Canada to central USA; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0F4E63D",null,null,"St. Louis, Saskatchewan.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/913/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris enthymia"],["21376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris praticola","(Henshaw, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.3 p.258, 263, 264",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to central and east-central USA; some winter to Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D0D85E9",null,null,"Mt. Carmel and Richland County, Illinois, and Gainesville, Texas = Richland County, Illinois.","The Shore Larks of the United States and adjacent territory.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/13/","Otocorys alpestris praticola"],["21377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris sierrae","(Oberholser, 1920)","The Condor 22, no.1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern California (southern Cascades and northern Sierra Nevada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7885DD08",null,null,"head of Pine Creek, Lassen County, California.","Description of a new Otocoris from California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol22/iss1/8/","Otocoris alpestris sierrae"],["21378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris rubea","(Henshaw, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.3 p.260, 263, 267",null,null,null,null,null,"central California (Sacramento Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E72C069D",null,null,"Stockton, California; error = Marysville, Yuba County, California.","The Shore Larks of the United States and adjacent territory.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/13/","Otocorys alpestris rubeus"],["21379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris utahensis","(Behle, 1938)","The Condor 40, no.2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Idaho to east-central Nevada and west-central Utah",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24886A43",null,null,"ten miles west of Salt Lake City airport, Salt Lake County, Utah.","A new race of Horned Lark from the region of Great Salt Lake.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol40/iss2/18/","Otocoris alpestris utahensis"],["21380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris insularis","(Dwight, 1890)","The Auk 7, no.2 p.152,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Channel Islands (off southern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05D8BB98",null,null,"Santa Cruz Islands, California = San Clemente Island.","The Horned Larks of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss2/6/","Otocoris alpestris insularis"],["21381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris actia","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1271 p.806, p.845-849",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal range of California to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0AAB2F0",null,null,"Jacumba, San Diego County, California.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/912/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris actia"],["21382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris ammophila","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1271 p.806, p.849-851",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of southwestern Nevada and southeastern California; winters to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92F1DDFD",null,null,"Coso Valley, southeastern California; type from near Maturango Spring.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/912/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris ammophila"],["21383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris leucansiptila","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1271 p.806, p.864-868",null,null,null,null,null,"Colorado Desert (southwestern Nevada, western Arizona, northeastern Baja California, and northwestern Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28BEF3BD",null,null,"Yuma, Arizona.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/912/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris leucansiptila"],["21384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris occidentalis","(McCall, 1851)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.9 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Arizona to north-central New Mexico; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4763109",null,null,"near Santa Fe, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/244/mode/1up","Otocoris ?occidentalis"],["21385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris adusta","(Dwight, 1890)","The Auk 7, no.2 p.148-149",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arizona (south of Tucson) to far southwestern New Mexico and northern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF584773",null,null,"Camp Huachuca and Sulphur Spring, Arizona, Chihuahua, Mexico = Fort Huachuca, Arizona.","The Horned Larks of North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss2/6/","Otocoris alpestris adustus"],["21386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris enertera","(Oberholser, 1907)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 20 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Baja California and coastal islands south of Magdalena Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEF5DE18",null,null,"Llano de Yrais, near Magdalena Bay, Baja California.","Description of a new Otocoris from Lower California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21751#page/57/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris enertera"],["21387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris giraudi","(Henshaw, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.3 p.260, 266",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal prairie region of southeastern Texas (USA) to eastern Mexico (northeastern Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA1D1936",null,null,"Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Texas.","The Shore Larks of the United States and adjacent territory.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/13/","Otocorys alpestris giraudi"],["21388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris aphrasta","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1271 p.806, p.860-863",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (Chihuahua and Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09D35EAD",null,null,"Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/912/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris aphrasta"],["21389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris lactea","Phillips, 1970","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 90, no.4 p.115 [115-116]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BE66149",null,null,"Lake Tulio (=Tulillo), 5 km, south of Hipolito, 53 km,WNW of Saltillo, Coahuila, 23 38'N, 101 27'W)","A northern race of lark supposedly breeding in Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/369/mode/1up","Eremophila alpestris lactea"],["21390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris diaphora","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1271 p.806, p.829-831",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southeastern Coahuila to southern Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, and northeastern Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B3309F5",null,null,"Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/912/mode/1up","Otocoris alpestris diaphora"],["21391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema","(Wagler, 1831)","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.530",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexican Plateau (Jalisco to Michoacán, Puebla, and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D86577BD",null,null,"Mexico = southern tablelands of Mexico ex Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 55.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/291/mode/1up","Alauda chrysolaema"],["21392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris oaxacae","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.54-55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (eastern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48E710E1",null,null,"San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Otocoris alpestris oaxacae"],["21393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris peregrina","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.291 p.110, pl. 102",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11845DD3",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/906/mode/1up","Otocorys peregrina"],["21394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris flava","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.800-801",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Palearctic region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4B3E0FB",null,null,"Siberia; restricted to the mouth of the Yenisei by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 523.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/301/mode/1up","Alauda flava"],["21395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris brandti","(Dresser, 1874)","A history of the birds of Europe, including all the species inhabiting the Western Palæarctic Region pt.33 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"steppes of central Asia to mountains of western Mongolia and northern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C7DB738",null,null,"Kirghiz Steppes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114435#page/538/mode/1up","Otocorys brandti"],["21396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris atlas","(Whitaker, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"high plateaux of Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99A10935",null,null,"Glani [= Glaoui, 5,000 feet], Grand Atlas, Morocco. Col. pl., Ibis, 1898, p. 13.","[Description of an apparently new species of Shore-Lark from the Atlas Mountains in Morocco].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/485/mode/1up","Otocorys atlas"],["21397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris balcanica","(Reichenow, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe (Balkans)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39550B3E",null,null,"Balkan ; types from Bosnia.","Otocorys penicillata balcanica n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/58/mode/1up","Otocorys penicillata balcanica"],["21398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris kumerloevei","Roselaar, 1995","Songbirds of Turkey: An atlas of biodiversity of Turkish passerine birds p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6F429B2",null,null,"Bereketlü, near Çamardi in the eastern Taurus, on 30 April 1876, by C. G. Danford",null,null,"Eremophila alpestris kumerloevei"],["21399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris penicillata","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.126-127",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Türkiye, the Caucasus, and western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74897AE1",null,null,"Erzerum, Asia Minor.","Observations upon a small collection of Birds from Erzeroum, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/298/mode/1up","Alauda Penicillata"],["21400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris bicornis","(Brehm, 1842)","Isis von Oken 35, heft 7 col.504",null,null,null,null,null,"western Türkiye (Taurus Mountains) to Lebanon and Palestine",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-414CE031",null,null,"Lebanon, in winter in the Syrian lowlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47579#page/278/mode/1up","Phileremos bicornis"],["21401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris albigula","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern and eastern Iran to Pamirs, Afghanistan, and western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E97364F",null,null,"'ex. Alp. Ross.-Asiat.'; restricted to the Hissar Mts., Turkestan by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 523.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/389/mode/1up","Otocoris albigula"],["21402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris argalea","(Oberholser, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1271 p.806, p.871",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (far southwestern Xinjiang) to northwestern India (Kashmir to Ladakh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B4233DA",null,null,"Sughet Pass, Kuen Lun Mts., Sinkiang.","A review of the Larks of the genus Otocoris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/912/mode/1up","Otocoris argalea"],["21403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris teleschowi","(Przevalski, 1887)","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk (5) 5 (20) p.416-417",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western China (far southeastern Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60CFA49C",null,null,"northern Tibet and in the bordering Russian region. (German translation by Deditius).","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Otocoris Teleschowi"],["21404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris przewalskii","(Bianchi, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (northwestern Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBD0B58F",null,null,"Zaidam.","Key to the Palaearctic Species of Larks of the Genus Otocorys.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/429/mode/1up","Otocorys brandti przewalskii"],["21405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris nigrifrons","(Przevalski, 1876)","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Kokonor to western Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBA8747E",null,null,"Kansu, Koko Nor, Zaidam and northern Tibet; restricted to Koko Nor by Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 370.",null,null,"Otocorys nigrifrons"],["21406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris longirostris","(Moore, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.297 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCB079E7",null,null,"neighborhood of Agra; error, the types are from Kulu, probably on the Rhotang Pass.","Notice of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/1035/mode/1up","Otocoris longirostris"],["21407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris elwesi","(Blanford, 1872)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.227-228",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (southern Qinghai and southern Tibet) to northern Sikkim",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A795C970",null,null,"Kangra Lama Pass between 15,000 and 16,000 feet, Sikkim.","Account of a visit to the Eastern and Northern frontiers of Independent Sikkim with notes on the Zoology of the Alpine and Subalpine regions. - Part II, Zoology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219508#page/482/mode/1up","Otocoris Elwesi"],["21408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremophila alpestris khamensis","(Bianchi, 1904)","Ibis ser.8, vol.4, no.15 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Kham region of western and southern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9107376D",null,null,"Kham, southeastern Tibet; type from Dy-chu, or the upper Yangtse, ex Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg (5), 25, p. 26.","Key to the Palaearctic Species of Larks of the Genus Otocorys.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81301#page/430/mode/1up","Otocorys elwesi khamensis"],["21409","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda brachydactyla [Leisler, 1814]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/67/mode/1up","Calandrella"],["21410","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella blanfordi","(Shelley, 1902)","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.128 pl.21 fig.2","Blanford's Lark","Blanford's Lark","Blanford's Lark",null,null,"montane grassland, bare stony areas, and short-grass plains of Eritrean and Ethiopian highlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103766090","blalar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blalar2","avibase-7F3B3206",null,null,"Senafe, Tigre district, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49571#page/158/mode/1up","Tephrocorys blanfordi"],["21411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella blanfordi blanfordi","(Shelley, 1902)","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.128 pl.21 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-916A078B",null,null,"Senafe, Tigre district, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49571#page/158/mode/1up","Tephrocorys blanfordi"],["21412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella blanfordi erlangeri","(Neumann, 1906)","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.239",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE025DB1",null,null,"Sheikh Mehamed, Webi River, Ethiopia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/255/mode/1up","Tephrocorys cinerea erlangeri"],["21413","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella eremica","(Reichenow & Peters, 1932)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg 45 p.23","Rufous-capped Lark","Rufous-capped Lark","Rufous-capped Lark",null,null,"foothill and montane stony short grassland of the southwestern Arabian Peninsula and northern Somalia and adjacent northeastern Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103766072","blalar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blalar4","avibase-16EB660F",null,null,"Bet en Naam, Yemen.","Eine neue Lerche aus Südarabiens.",null,"Spizocorys eremica"],["21414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella eremica eremica","(Reichenow & Peters, 1932)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg 45 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08B3C152",null,null,"Bet en Naam, Yemen.","Eine neue Lerche aus Südarabiens.",null,"Spizocorys eremica"],["21415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella eremica daaroodensis","White, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEE6E848",null,null,"Sheikh, British Somaliland","The Ethiopian and allied forms of Calandrella cinerea (Gmelin).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/50/mode/1up","Calandrella cinerea daaroodensis"],["21416","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla","(Leisler, 1814)","Annalen der Wetterauischen Gesellschaft für die gesammte Naturkunde 3, heft 2 p.357 pl.19","Greater Short-toed Lark","Greater Short-toed Lark","Greater Short-toed Lark",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry country with sparse cover on sandy or stony soils, from Iberian Peninsula and southern Europe eastward to western Mongolia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Sinai Peninsula, and eastern Arabia; most populations migrate southward as far as the African Sahel, Arabian Peninsula, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103766207","gstlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gstlar1","avibase-4091A51E",null,null,"France and Italy = Montpellier, France.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN624810615_0003?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B387%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Alauda brachydactila"],["21417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla brachydactyla","(Leisler, 1814)","Annalen der Wetterauischen Gesellschaft für die gesammte Naturkunde 3, heft 2 p.357 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean environs and islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FFB478B",null,null,"France and Italy = Montpellier, France.",null,"https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN624810615_0003?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B387%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D","Alauda brachydactila"],["21418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla hungarica","Horváth, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.8 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"Hungary",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BBDD057",null,null,"five km. south of Nagyivan, Hungary.","A new Race of the Short-toed Lark from Hungary.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/178/mode/1up","Calandrella brachydactyla hungarica"],["21419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla rubiginosa","Fromholz, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Africa (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia); Malta",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A866F7E",null,null,"southern Algeria, 300-400 km. south of Ouargla.","Eine neue nordafrikanische Calandrella.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/156/mode/1up","Calandrella brachydactyla rubiginosa"],["21420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla hermonensis","Tristram, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Sinai Peninsula to far southern Türkiye and eastern Syria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7223C75E",null,null,"Hermon and Lebanon.","Report on the Birds of Palestine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/518/mode/1up","Calandrella hermonensis"],["21421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla woltersi","Kumerloeve, 1969","Journal für Ornithologie 110, no.3 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Syria and adjacent southern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0661CC55",null,null,"Amik Gölü [Lake Amik, Turkey]","Zur Rassenbildung der Kurzzehanlerche. Calandrella brachydactyla im vorderasiatischen Raum.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671068","Calandrella brachydactyla woltersi"],["21422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla artemisiana","Bankovski, 1913","Izvestiya Kavkazskago Muzeya 7 (3-4) p.231, pl. 2, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye, Transcaucasia, and northwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A11EB68",null,null,"Tiflis.","K ornitofaune zakavkazya, preimushchestvenno Tbilisskoi Gubernii.",null,"Calandrella brachydactyla artemisiana"],["21423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis","(Eversmann, 1848)","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Ukraine and southern Russia eastward to south-central Siberia and southern Mongolia; winters to southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4B9FCCE",null,null,"Dzungaria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107042#page/225/mode/1up","Alauda longipennis"],["21424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella brachydactyla orientalis","Sushkin, 1925","Spisok i raspredelenie ptits Russkogo Altaia i blizhaishikh chastei Severo-Zapadnoi Mongolii: s opisaniem novykh ili maloizvestnykh form p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Siberia, northern Mongolia, and northern China; winters to southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC943013",null,null,"right source of the Chindagaty , tributary of the Bukhtarma, frontier of central and southeastern Altai.",null,null,"Calandrella brachydactyla orientalis"],["21425","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella cinerea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.798","Red-capped Lark","Red-capped Lark","Red-capped Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane open grassland, including burned and heavily grazed grassland, and saltmarsh, of central Nigeria (Jos Plateau), and from northern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, and from southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Tanzania southward to southern South Africa; some populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103766143","reclar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reclar1","avibase-FCDA4F09",null,null,"Barnaul, Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/299/mode/1up","Alauda cinerea"],["21426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella cinerea rufipecta","Stervander, Hansson, Olsson et al., 2020","Diversity 12(428) p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nigeria (Jos Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAC96C31",null,null,"Jos, N Nigeria, at 4500 feet, by R. E. Sharland. Stated to be the “first record” (for Nigeria); the NHMUK specimen label states 28 September 1958 as collection date, whereas Sharland’s own account states the collection was done 8 October 1958 between Laminga and Bukuru on the Jos Plateau [55] in present-day Plateau State","Molecular Species Delimitation of Larks(Aves: Alaudidae), and Integrative Taxonomy of the Genus Calandrella, with the Description of a Range-Restricted African Relic Taxon","https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/11/428/pdf","Calandrella cinerea rufipecta"],["21427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella cinerea williamsi","Clancey, 1952","Durban Museum Novitates 4, no.3 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E51CED7E",null,null,"Semini's Farm, Kinangop, western Kenya.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 2. 3. The subspecific status of the Great Rift (Kenya Colony) populations of Calandrella cinerea (Gmelin).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1821","Calandrella cinerea williamsi"],["21428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella cinerea saturatior","Reichenow, 1904","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.374, p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda and western Kenya southward to Angola, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-344AC21A",null,null,"Kondeland, north of Lake Nyasa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/416/mode/1up","Calandrella cinerea saturatior"],["21429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella cinerea spleniata","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola to west-central Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52F0242C",null,null,"Damaraland, SW Africa","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/202/mode/1up","Alauda spleniata"],["21430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella cinerea cinerea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.798",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and central Namibia, southern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4FA4716",null,null,"Barnaul, Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/299/mode/1up","Alauda cinerea"],["21431","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella dukhunensis","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.93","Mongolian Short-toed Lark","Mongolian Short-toed Lark","Mongolian Short-toed Lark",null,null,"breeds in central and eastern Mongolia, and possibly in adjacent China; reported in China eastward to Liaoning, but breeding in China is not confirmed, and most or all records may refer to migrants; migrant also in northern Myanmar; winters in central and southern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103766226","sstlar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sstlar4","avibase-B9808769",null,null,"Dukhun, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/297/mode/1up","Alauda Dukhunensis"],["21432","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella acutirostris","Hume, 1873","Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.265","Hume's Short-toed Lark","Hume's Lark","Hume's Lark",null,null,"foothill to montane sandy or gravel plain with very sparse vegetation from southern Kazakhstan eastward to central China, and southward to southern Pakistan, northern Nepal, and northern Bhutan; migrates southward in winter as far as northern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717325","humlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humlar1","avibase-B50B0E47",null,null,"Balakchi and the Karakash, [Sughet River, Hill Yarkand].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181337#page/379/mode/1up","Calandrella acutirostris"],["21433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella acutirostris acutirostris","Hume, 1873","Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Kazakhstan and far western China (western Xinjiang) southward to Afghanistan and southern Pakistan; winters mainly Pakistan and northwestern India; recorded in northeastern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3F3E384",null,null,"Balakchi and the Karakash, [Sughet River, Hill Yarkand].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181337#page/379/mode/1up","Calandrella acutirostris"],["21434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Calandrella acutirostris tibetana","Brooks, 1880","Stray Feathers 8, no.6 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas of northern Pakistan to northern India and eastern Tibet; winters to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEE7F140",null,null,"Tibet beyond Sikkim.","Ornithological Observations in Sikhim, the Punjab, and Sind.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95022#page/518/mode/1up","Calandrella tibetana"],["21435","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.322",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda tatarica [Pallas, 1773]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 48). = Alauda yeltoniensis J.R. Forster, 1768  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/169/mode/1up","Melanocorypha"],["21436","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha bimaculata","(Ménétries, 1832)","Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.37","Bimaculated Lark","Bimaculated Lark","Bimaculated Lark",null,null,"breeds Türkiye to Iran and Afghanistan; winters to northeastern Africa and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717288","bimlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bimlar1","avibase-36780791",null,null,"mountains near Talysh, Transcaucasia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110503#page/47/mode/1up","Alauda bimaculata"],["21437","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha mongolica","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697","Mongolian Lark","Mongolian Lark","Mongolian Lark",null,null,"breeds high steppes of Mongolia and northern China; winters to central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717295","monlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monlar1","avibase-0D93B732",null,null,"'salt plains between the Onon and Argun rivers', northern Mongolia.",null,null,"Alauda mongolica"],["21438","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha maxima","Blyth, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3 p.46,note","Tibetan Lark","Tibetan Lark","Tibetan Lark",null,null,"Tibetan plateau from northwestern India to central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717292","tiblar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tiblar1","avibase-9AC67428",null,null,"Afghanistan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/64/mode/1up","Melanocorypha maxima"],["21439","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha yeltoniensis","(Forster, 1768)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 57 p.350 [ 1768 by CWR ] ?yr","Black Lark","Black Lark","Black Lark",null,null,"breeds steppes of southern Russia and southwestern Siberia; winters to Black Sea region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717301","blalar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blalar1","avibase-811FC719",null,null,"Lake Yelton [now Elton], southeastern Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208064#page/402/mode/1up","Alauda yeltoniensis"],["21440","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha calandra","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.288","Calandra Lark","Calandra Lark","Calandra Lark",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill open grassland plain, grassy steppe, and dry cultivation, from France and Iberian Peninsula eastward to eastern Kazakhstan, and southward to northwestern Africa, Türkiye, Middle East, and central Turkmenistan; partial migrant to Mediterranean Egypt, Jordan, and Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717285","callar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/callar1","avibase-BDC24A8A",null,null,"Pyrénées",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/292/mode/1up","Alauda calandra"],["21441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha calandra calandra","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean basin to eastern Türkiye, northwestern Iran, Transcaucasia, and Urals",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-258BDEF0",null,null,"Pyrénées",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/292/mode/1up","Alauda calandra"],["21442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha calandra psammochroa","Hartert, 1904","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iraq and northern Iran to Turkmenistan and eastern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53A1C546",null,null,"Dur-Badom, Khorasan, Iran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/278/mode/1up","Melanocorypha calandra psammochroa"],["21443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha calandra gaza","Meinertzhagen, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Türkiye to eastern Syria, Iraq, and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C591325",null,null,"Shellal, near Beersheba, Palestine.","On behalf of Colonel R. Meinerzthagen, descriptions of two new subspecies of birds from Palestine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/222/mode/1up","Melanocorypha bimaculata gaza"],["21444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Melanocorypha calandra hebraica","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Türkiye, adjacent northwestern Syria to Israel, Palestine, and western Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-008E6216",null,null,"Jenin, Palestine.","Descriptions of new subspecies from various localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/51/mode/1up","Melanocorypha calandra hebraica"],["21445","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersophilus","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.525",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alauda duponti [Vieillot, 1824]; type by subsequent designation (Hartert & Steinbacher, 1933, Vögel Pal. Fauna Ergänzungsband, Heft 2, p. 129).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/545/mode/1up","Chersophilus"],["21446","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersophilus duponti","(Vieillot, 1824)","Faune Française, ou histoire naturelle generale et particulière des animaux qui se trouvent en France (etc.) livr.9-10 p.173 pl.76 fig.2","Dupont's Lark","Dupont's Lark","Dupont's Lark",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill open shrubby steppe of central and southern Spain, and from central and eastern Morocco eastward through Tunisia and northern Libya to coastal northwestern Egypt; nomadic wandering in non-breeding season",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717380","duplar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duplar1","avibase-504B0218",null,null,"Provence.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104524#page/191/mode/1up","Alauda Duponti"],["21447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersophilus duponti duponti","(Vieillot, 1824)","Faune Française, ou histoire naturelle generale et particulière des animaux qui se trouvent en France (etc.) livr.9-10 p.173 pl.76 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, northern Algeria, and northwestern Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBB9DD0E",null,null,"Provence.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104524#page/191/mode/1up","Alauda Duponti"],["21448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Chersophilus duponti margaritae","(Koenig, 1888)","Journal für Ornithologie 36, no.182-183 p.228, pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Algeria (southern slopes of Atlas Mountains) to southeastern Tunisia, northern Libya, and northwestern Egypt",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26997F57",null,null,"Gabes, Tunisia.","Avifauna von Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101705#page/238/mode/1up","Alaemon Margaritae"],["21449","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremalauda","Sclater, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Calendula dunni [Shelley, 1904]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/62/mode/1up","Eremalauda"],["21450","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremalauda dunni","(Shelley, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.82","Dunn's Lark","Dunn's Lark","Dunn's Lark",null,null,"lowland and foothill desert edge, dry short-grass plain, open gravelly grassland, and sparse scrub or acacia trees in wadis, from southern Western Sahara and Mauritania eastward to northern Chad and central Sudan; nomadic in drought",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103765809","dunlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dunlar1","avibase-E75ECF62",null,null,"Ogageh Wells, Kordofan.","On a new Lark from the Soudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/570/mode/1up","Calendula dunni"],["21451","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Eremalauda eremodites","(Meinertzhagen, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.156","Arabian Lark","Arabian Lark","Arabian Lark",null,null,"southwestern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103765827","dunlar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dunlar4","avibase-3C6A0512",null,null,"Sheikh Othman, Aden Protectorate.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/562/mode/1up","Pyrrhulauda eremodites"],["21452","genus","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala","Horsfield & Moore, 1856","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 2 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda raytal [Blyth, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182055#page/25/mode/1up","Alaudala"],["21453","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala somalica","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.472","Somali Short-toed Lark","Somali Short-toed Lark","Somali Short-toed Lark","2025-0219","Taxon <em>athensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Alaudala somalica</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Plumage differences are slight, vocal differences have not been documented, and genetic data are lacking.","disjunctly in foothill and montane dry open grassland of eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia, southern Ethiopia and adjacent northern Kenya, and southern Kenya and adjacent northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717340","sstlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sstlar1","avibase-61CECCA7",null,null,"Haud, Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/574/mode/1up","Alaudula somalica"],["21454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala somalica perconfusa","(White, 1960)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western plateau of northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D657813",null,null,"Borama, British Somaliland [=Somali]","The Somali forms of Calandrella rufescens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/178/mode/1up","Calandrella rufescens perconfusa"],["21455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala somalica somalica","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia to northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-537CF15C",null,null,"Haud, Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/574/mode/1up","Alaudula somalica"],["21456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala somalica megaensis","(Benson, 1946)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09D88471",null,null,"ten miles north of Mega, Ethiopia.","Two New Races of Larks from Southern Abyssinia, and a New Race of Green-headed Oriole from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/52/mode/1up","Calandrella somalica megaensis"],["21457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala somalica athensis","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5392A0C7",null,null,"Athi River, Kenya Colony.","[Description of three apparently new species of birds from British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/133/mode/1up","Spizocorys athensis"],["21458","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala cheleensis","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.390","Asian Short-toed Lark","Asian Short-toed Lark","Asian Short-toed Lark","2025-0220","The geographically variable <em>Alaudala rufescens-cheleensis</em> complex is treated as three polytypic species, based on genetics (Ghorbani et al. 2020) and the integrative study of Alström et al. (2021): <em>A. cheleensis</em>; <em>A. rufescens</em>; and <em>A. heinei</em>. <em>Alaudala raytal</em> is also embedded within this complex (Alström et al. 2013).","Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, southern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and adjacent parts of southern Siberia, and northern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216912565","lstlar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lstlar2","avibase-399A4A3E",null,null,"Talien Bay, near Port Arthur.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/486/mode/1up","Alaudula cheleënsis"],["21459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala cheleensis leucophaea","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"apparently mainly resident in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (south of the Kyzylkum Desert), and western and southern Kazakhstan, eastward to Lake Balkhash and the Fergana Basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D939A34",null,null,"Turkestan; restricted to the lower Emba River by Meinertzhagen (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 121, 1951, p. 98).",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Calandrella leucophaea"],["21460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala cheleensis seebohmi","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.590",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern China (Xinjiang) and adjacent Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7564359",null,null,"'Central Asia from Yarkand and Kashgar to Mongolia'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/610/mode/1up","[Alaudula pispoletta] Subsp. e, Alaudula seebohmi"],["21461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala cheleensis tuvinica","(Stepanyan, 1975)","Ornitologiya 12 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Siberia (Tuva Republic) and northwestern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AA11DB0",null,null,"Tere-Knol', 30 km south of Erzin, southern part of Tuvinskaia ASSR","A new subspecies of lark from the Tuva ASSR.",null,"Calandrella cheleensis tuvinica"],["21462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala cheleensis cheleensis","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Qinghai and northern Gansu through northern Mongolia, and northeastern China (central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang) and adjacent parts of southern Siberia; the Mongolian populations are largely migratory, although they probably winter within the range of the subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9F9437B",null,null,"Talien Bay, near Port Arthur.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/486/mode/1up","Alaudula cheleënsis"],["21463","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala rufescens","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.516","Mediterranean Short-toed Lark","Mediterranean Short-toed Lark","Mediterranean Short-toed Lark","2025-0220","The geographically variable <em>Alaudala rufescens-cheleensis</em> complex is treated as three polytypic species, based on genetics (Ghorbani et al. 2020) and the integrative study of Alström et al. (2021): <em>A. cheleensis</em>; <em>A. rufescens</em>; and <em>A. heinei</em>. <em>Alaudala raytal</em> is also embedded within this complex (Alström et al. 2013).","open areas with scattered low bushes in the Iberian Peninsula, the Canary Islands, and Morocco eastward across northern Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt to southern Türkiye, Syria, and western Iraq, and southward in the Arabian Peninsula to southern Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216912644","mstlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mstlar1","avibase-FE1FE185",null,null,"Tenerife, Canary Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/538/mode/1up","A[lauda] rufescens"],["21464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala rufescens rufescens","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands (Tenerife, where perhaps extirpated, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, and Lanzarote)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7F8FFE6",null,null,"Tenerife, Canary Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/538/mode/1up","A[lauda] rufescens"],["21465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala rufescens apetzii","(Brehm, 1857)","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge N.F., 3 p.455",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D02A9EA2",null,null,"Murcia and Madrid; type from Murcia, Spain.",null,"https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/481","Melanocorypha Apetzii"],["21466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala rufescens minor","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Africa (from Morocco eastward to Egypt) and from southern Türkiye southward to the Sinai Peninsula and eastward to Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EE84E28",null,null,"Northeast Africa = Bir Hamam, southwest of Alexandria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/139/mode/1up","Calandritis minor"],["21467","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala raytal","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.962","Sand Lark","Sand Lark","Sand Lark",null,null,"lowland to montane dry sandy riverbanks and islands of large rivers, sandy lakeshore, coastal semi-desert, and salt pans, from coastal eastern Iran eastward through northern India, Himalayan Nepal, and Bhutan, to western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717336","sanlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sanlar1","avibase-862C271E",null,null,"Lucknow.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/510/mode/1up","Alauda raytal"],["21468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala raytal raytal","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.962",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Iran to Afghanistan, northern India, and southern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-594FC176",null,null,"Lucknow.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/510/mode/1up","Alauda raytal"],["21469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala raytal adamsi","(Hume, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.405-406",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81392D11",null,null,"Agrore Valley [Hazara district, North- West Frontier Province], India.","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/447/mode/1up","Alauda adamsi"],["21470","species","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala heinei","(Homeyer, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.197","Turkestan Short-toed Lark","Turkestan Short-toed Lark","Turkestan Short-toed Lark","2025-0220","The geographically variable <em>Alaudala rufescens-cheleensis</em> complex is treated as three polytypic species, based on genetics (Ghorbani et al. 2020) and the integrative study of Alström et al. (2021): <em>A. cheleensis</em>; <em>A. rufescens</em>; and <em>A. heinei</em>. <em>Alaudala raytal</em> is also embedded within this complex (Alström et al. 2013).","sandy steppe and semi-desert from northern Kazakhstan and southernmost Russia southward to central Türkiye, southeastern Iraq, eastern Saudi Arabia, southern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and adjacent Pakistan, and southern Mongolia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216912582","tstlar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tstlar1","avibase-238EC109",null,null,"Volga region.","Monographische Beiträge über einige Gruppen der Lerchen (Alaudidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/209/mode/1up","Calandritis Heinei"],["21471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala heinei heinei","(Homeyer, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Ukraine and eastern Türkiye eastward to eastern Kazakhstan and (disjunctly?) to southern Mongolia; wintering in the Middle East and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EDB4B61",null,null,"Volga region.","Monographische Beiträge über einige Gruppen der Lerchen (Alaudidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/209/mode/1up","Calandritis Heinei"],["21472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala heinei aharonii","(Hartert, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Türkiye (Anatolian high plateau); partially migratory, wintering to central Syria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D30CB44D",null,null,"Karyatein [south of Palmyra], Syrian Desert.","Exhibition and descriptions of three new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/41/mode/1up","Calandrella minor aharonii"],["21473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Alaudidae","Larks","Alaudala heinei persica","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.590",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iraq and Iran to southeastern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74B608AC",null,null,"'Persia to Afghanistan and N. W. India'; the types are from near Niriz east of Shiraz; Afghanistan; Sirza district, Punjab.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/610/mode/1up","[Alaudula pispoletta] Subsp. d, Alaudula persica"],["21474","family","Passeriformes","Nicatoridae","Nicators","Nicatoridae",null,null,"Nicators","Nicators","Nicators",null,null,null,null,null,null,"nicato1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicato1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["21475","genus","Passeriformes","Nicatoridae","Nicators","Nicator","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.359",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius chloris [Valenciennes, 1826]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/381/mode/1up","Nicator"],["21476","species","Passeriformes","Nicatoridae","Nicators","Nicator vireo","Cabanis, 1876","Journal für Ornithologie 24, no.135 p.333 pl.2","Yellow-throated Nicator","Yellow-throated Nicator","Yellow-throated Nicator",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary forest and old secondary forest, overgrown cultivation, and remnant forest remnant in plantations, from southern Cameroon eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent Uganda, and southward to northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713105","yetnic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetnic1","avibase-E386D2EB",null,null,"Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo.","[Über eine neuentdeckte Art aus der Familie der Buschwürger].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101769#page/347/mode/1up","Nicator Vireo"],["21477","species","Passeriformes","Nicatoridae","Nicators","Nicator chloris","(Valenciennes, 1826)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 40 p.226","Western Nicator","Western Nicator","Western Nicator",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, swamp-forest, gallery forest, and dense shrubbery in savanna, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan and eastern Uganda, and southward to northern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713095","yesnic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yesnic1","avibase-6413CE1A",null,null,"Galam [Senegal].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81577#page/232/mode/1up","Lanius chloris"],["21478","species","Passeriformes","Nicatoridae","Nicators","Nicator gularis","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.360","Eastern Nicator","Eastern Nicator","Eastern Nicator",null,null,"lowland to submontane rainforest, riparian forest, thickets in transitional woodland, and coastal scrub, from southern Somalia, southeastern Kenya, and eastern and southwestern Tanzania southward through adjacent southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia to far eastern Namibia, southern Mozambique, Eswatini, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713100","easnic1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easnic1","avibase-7066D2F1",null,null,"Shupanga, Zambesi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/382/mode/1up","Nicator gularis"],["21479","family","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenidae",null,null,"African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","African Warblers","Crombecs and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"macros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macros1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["21480","genus","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Macrosphenus flavicans [Cassin, 1859]; type by original designation","Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/59/mode/1up","Macrosphenus"],["21481","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus kempi","(Sharpe, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.38","Kemp's Longbill","Kemp's Longbill","Kemp's Longbill",null,null,"lowland to montane primary and secondary forest undergrowth from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715150","kemlon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kemlon1","avibase-CE04A51B",null,null,"Bo, Sierra Leone.","On a new species of Babbler from Sierra Leone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/648/mode/1up","Amaurocichla kempi"],["21482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus kempi kempi","(Sharpe, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DBC06EB",null,null,"Bo, Sierra Leone.","On a new species of Babbler from Sierra Leone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/648/mode/1up","Amaurocichla kempi"],["21483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus kempi flammeus","Marchant, 1950","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 70, no.3 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8257B78",null,null,"Umuagwu, Owerri Division, southern Nigeria, lat. 5° 20' N., long 6° 55' E.","A New Race of Honey Guide, a New Race of Macrosphenus from Nigeria and a note on Illadopsis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125665#page/46/mode/1up","Macrosphenus kempi flammeus"],["21484","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus flavicans","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.42","Yellow Longbill","Yellow Longbill","Yellow Longbill",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane primary and secondary forest from far southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), eastward to southwestern South Sudan, Uganda, and far northwestern Tanzania, and southward to northeastern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715154","yellon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yellon1","avibase-931B81D9",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/60/mode/1up","Macrosphenus flavicans"],["21485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus flavicans flavicans","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon, Angola, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90571F01",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/60/mode/1up","Macrosphenus flavicans"],["21486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus flavicans hypochondriacus","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Central African Republic, southwestern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0CF7744",null,null,"Kinjawanga (= Kinyawanga), Congo Free State.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/46/mode/1up","Rectirostrum hypochondriacum"],["21487","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus concolor","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.62","Grey Longbill","Gray Longbill","Grey Longbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and old secondary forest, riparian forest, and forest edge, from southern Guinea eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and far northwestern Tanzania, and southward to far northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715158","grylon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grylon1","avibase-E5CA98CA",null,null,"Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/136/mode/1up","Camaroptera concolor"],["21488","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus pulitzeri","Boulton, 1931","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 21 p.47,50","Pulitzer's Longbill","Pulitzer's Longbill","Pulitzer's Longbill",null,null,"foothill dry evergreen forest, secondary forest, and secondary scrub in plantations, in western Angola escarpment (Cuanza Sul southward to northern Namibe)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715162","pullon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pullon1","avibase-AD967279",null,null,"Chingoroi, Benguela district, Angola; altitude 2,200 feet.","New species and subspecies of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/75/mode/1up","Macrosphenus pulitzeri"],["21489","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus kretschmeri","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.75","Kretschmer's Longbill","Kretschmer's Longbill","Kretschmer's Longbill",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest understory and coastal thickets from northeastern and eastern Tanzania southward to northeastern Mozambique; and previously southeastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715166","krelon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/krelon1","avibase-D8BFA987",null,null,"Kibosho, Kilimanjaro; altitude ca. 2,500 meters.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/91/mode/1up","Phyllostrephus kretschmeri"],["21490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus kretschmeri kretschmeri","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern to central Tanzania; formerly far southeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A717C5E",null,null,"Kibosho, Kilimanjaro; altitude ca. 2,500 meters.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/91/mode/1up","Phyllostrephus kretschmeri"],["21491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Macrosphenus kretschmeri griseiceps","Grote, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.162-163",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to northeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E958A56",null,null,"Mikindani, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/178/mode/1up","Macrosphenus griseiceps"],["21492","genus","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Achaetops","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sphenoeacus pycnopygius [Sclater, PL, 1852]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/309/mode/1up","Achaetops"],["21493","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Achaetops pycnopygius","(Sclater, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.148","Rockrunner","Rockrunner","Rockrunner",null,null,"lowland and foothill rocky outcrops in dry hills with scattered thorn trees, and along arid watercourses, from southwestern Angola southward to central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714641","damroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/damroc1","avibase-35C5E4AF",null,null,"Damaraland, South West Africa; restricted to the Omaruru River, South West Africa, by Vincent, 1949, Ostrich, 20, p. 150, and to the Erongo Mountains, by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Ornith. Western South Africa, pp. 114-115.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/198/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus pycnopygius"],["21494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Achaetops pycnopygius pycnopygius","(Sclater, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"rocky regions of southwestern Angola and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FE25FC1",null,null,"Damaraland, South West Africa; restricted to the Omaruru River, South West Africa, by Vincent, 1949, Ostrich, 20, p. 150, and to the Erongo Mountains, by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Ornith. Western South Africa, pp. 114-115.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/198/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus pycnopygius"],["21495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Achaetops pycnopygius spadix","Clancey, 1972","Durban Museum Novitates 9 (11) p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"escarpment of southwestern highlands of Angola (Huila and adjacent Namibia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-057C4857",null,null,"Hungueria (Ungueria), south of Jau, Huila, Angola; altitude 1,440 meters.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 34. New races of a Rockthrush and a Warbler from Angola.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2056","Achaetops pycnopygius spadix"],["21496","genus","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sphenoeacus","Strickland, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.99 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa afra [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,"On some new genera of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/40/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus"],["21497","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sphenoeacus afer","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.940","Cape Grassbird","Cape Grassbird","Cape Grassbird",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane coast Fynbos scrub, and grassland with proteas or bushes, of eastern Zimbabwe highlands and adjacent Mozambique, and from northeastern South Africa southward to coastal southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714647","capgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capgra1","avibase-8EE724E4",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/441/mode/1up","Muscicapa afra"],["21498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sphenoeacus afer excisus","Clancey, 1973","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 6, no.5 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent southwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1581E68F",null,null,"Stapleford Forest Reserve, near Urntali, eastern Rhodesia; altitude 1,585 meters.","Subspeciation in the grassbird Sphenoeacus afer (Gmelin) (Aves: Sylviidae).",null,"Sphenoeacus afer excisus"],["21499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sphenoeacus afer natalensis","Shelley, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (North West to northern and eastern Free State and KwaZulu-Natal), western Eswatini, and northern Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71CED7FF",null,null,"Natal. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Newcastle, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 519.","On some new Species of Birds from South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/409/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus natalensis"],["21500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sphenoeacus afer intermedius","Shelley, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.337,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (far southern KwaZulu-Natal and eastern and southern Eastern Cape), and probably southern Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3F145CC",null,null,"Kaffraria = King William's Town district fide Clancey, 1966, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 489.","On some new Species of Birds from South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/409/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus intermedius"],["21501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sphenoeacus afer afer","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.940",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (Western Cape and southwestern Eastern Cape, eastward to about the Gamtoos River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92757F59",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/441/mode/1up","Muscicapa afra"],["21502","genus","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Melocichla","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.58,271",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymoica mentalis [Fraser, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Melocichla"],["21503","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Melocichla mentalis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.16","Moustached Grass Warbler","Moustached Grass-Warbler","Moustached Grass-warbler",null,null,"lowland to montane brushy savanna, rank grass in forest clearings, dense riparian thickets, from southern Senegal eastward to southern South Sudan and western Ethiopia, thence southward to central Angola and central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714634","mogwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mogwar1","avibase-1478AA79",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/384/mode/1up","Drymoica mentalis"],["21504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Melocichla mentalis mentalis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Gabon, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF222818",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/384/mode/1up","Drymoica mentalis"],["21505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Melocichla mentalis amauroura","(Pelzeln, 1883)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.503",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia southward through southeastern Kenya, western and northern Tanzania, central Zambia, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B795294",null,null,"Fadibek, northern Uganda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49918#page/651/mode/1up","Argya amauroura"],["21506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Melocichla mentalis orientalis","(Sharpe, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kenya to southern Tanzania, southern Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C8ED5B5",null,null,"Pangani River, Tanganyika.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/265/mode/1up","Cisticola (Melocichla) orientalis"],["21507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Melocichla mentalis luangwae","Benson, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78, no.5 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E17CBDD1",null,null,"Luangwa valley, Northern Rhodesia, lat. 11° 45' S., long. 32° 30' E.","Notes from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/125/mode/1up","Melocichla mentalis luangwae"],["21508","genus","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Cryptillas","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bradypterus victorini [Sundevall, 1860]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/222/mode/1up","Cryptillas"],["21509","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Cryptillas victorini","(Sundevall, 1860)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.s., 2, art.10 p.29","Victorin's Warbler","Victorin's Warbler","Victorin's Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill dense vegetation along watercourses, thickets, damp fern-filled glades; and coastal protea heath, in southwestern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714510","viswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viswar1","avibase-E3C55435",null,null,"Knysna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/497/mode/1up","Bradypterus victorini"],["21510","genus","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta","de Lafresnaye, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvietta brachyura [Lafresnaye, 1839]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/266/mode/1up","Sylvietta"],["21511","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.407","Long-billed Crombec","Long-billed Crombec","Long-billed Crombec",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry savanna, and open woodland with understory, from western Angola, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southwestern Tanzania southward through Namibia to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715140","capcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capcro1","avibase-BA12CD7F",null,null,"Africa = Olifants River, western Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/423/mode/1up","Dicaeum rufescens"],["21512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens adelphe","Grote, 1927","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA84791D",null,null,"Baraka, Belgian Congo.","Sylvietta micrura adelphe nov. subsp..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_35_0109-0119.pdf#page=10","Sylvietta micrura adelphe"],["21513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens flecki","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.21, 22",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to eastern Namibia, eastern Botswana, southwestern Zambia, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9444985",null,null,"Mutschumi, south of Lake Ngami, Bechuanaland.","Über Sylviella-Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/40/mode/1up","Sylviella flecki"],["21514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens ansorgei","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Angola (Benguela to Luanda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC076F32",null,null,"Huxe (= Uchi), Angola.","Exhibition of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/521/mode/1up","Sylvietta ansorgei"],["21515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens pallida","Alexander, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zambia, southern Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0178C559",null,null,"Zambezi River, Mozambique; between Tete and Chicoa, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 533.","Account of a recent expedition to the Zambesi River and its tributaries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/568/mode/1up","Sylviella pallida"],["21516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens resurga","Clancey, 1953","Durban Museum Novitates 4, no.4 p.61-62",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E490ADB",null,null,"near Weenen, Natal.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 3. Four new races of birds from eastern and south-eastern Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1533","Sylvietta rufescens resurga"],["21517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens rufescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Botswana to north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEA6BCF6",null,null,"Africa = Olifants River, western Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/423/mode/1up","Dicaeum rufescens"],["21518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta rufescens diverga","Clancey, 1954","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 74, no.6 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90A609ED",null,null,"Doornhoek Farm, near Cradock, eastern Cape Province.","The Races of the Crombec Sylvietta rufescens (Vieillot) Occurring in the South African Sub-continent.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125678#page/106/mode/1up","Sylvietta rufescens diverga"],["21519","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta ruficapilla","Bocage, 1877","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.160","Red-capped Crombec","Red-capped Crombec","Red-capped Crombec",null,null,"foothill wooded savanna, miombo woodland, and brushy thickets, from southeastern Gabon and central Republic of the Congo eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to far southwestern Tanzania, thence southward to central Angola and western Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715127","reccro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccro1","avibase-98D10978",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/172/mode/1up","Sylvietta ruficapilla"],["21520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta ruficapilla schoutedeni","White, 1953","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73, no.6 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lake Tanganyika to Marungu and Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F050075",null,null,"Tembwe, west of Lake Tanganyika, Belgian Congo.","A Revision of Sylvietta ruficapilla Bocage.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/107/mode/1up","Sylvietta ruficapilla schoutedeni"],["21521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta ruficapilla rufigenis","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.178 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Congo inland to Kasai and southeastern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE617064",null,null,"Manyanga, Congo Free State.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem oberen Kongo-Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/227/mode/1up","Sylviella rufigenis"],["21522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta ruficapilla chubbi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (southeastern Katanga), with recent records in southwestern Tanzania, to Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3E0CC2A",null,null,"northwestern Rhodesia. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Broken Hill (= Kabwe), Northern Rhodesia, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 534.","Description of a new species of crombec from N.W. Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/38/mode/1up","Sylviella chubbi"],["21523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta ruficapilla makayii","White, 1953","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73, no.6 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"Malanje, in north-central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17F754CB",null,null,"Malanje, northern Angola.","A Revision of Sylvietta ruficapilla Bocage.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/107/mode/1up","Sylvietta ruficapilla makayii"],["21524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta ruficapilla ruficapilla","Bocage, 1877","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Angola eastward to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (southwestern Katanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C3A8469",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/172/mode/1up","Sylvietta ruficapilla"],["21525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta ruficapilla gephyra","White, 1953","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73, no.6 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (western Katanga) to Zambia and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC787E33",null,null,"Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia.","A Revision of Sylvietta ruficapilla Bocage.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/106/mode/1up","Sylvietta ruficapilla gephyra"],["21526","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta isabellina","Elliot, 1897","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.2 p.44","Somali Crombec","Somali Crombec","Somali Crombec",null,null,"lowland to foothill thornscrub, and acacia thickets along watercourses, from eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward through northern and eastern Kenya to far northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715135","somcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somcro1","avibase-6B9529AE",null,null,"Le Gud, Somaliland.","Catalogue of a collection of birds obtained by the expedition into Somali-land","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20404#page/24/mode/1up","Sylviella isabellina"],["21527","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta whytii","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.13","Red-faced Crombec","Red-faced Crombec","Red-faced Crombec",null,null,"foothill to montane thornscrub, and acacia and miombo woodland, from southwestern Ethiopia, southeastern South Sudan, to central Kenya, and southward to northeastern Namibia and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715131","refcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refcro1","avibase-A9030503",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/45/mode/1up","Sylviella whytii"],["21528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta whytii loringi","Mearns, 1911","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.20 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan and Ethiopia to northern Uganda, western Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C4DF39B",null,null,"Fort Hall (= Murango), Kenya; altitude 3,900 feet.","Descriptions of fifteen new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/493/mode/1up","Sylvietta whytii loringi"],["21529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta whytii jacksoni","Sharpe, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Uganda to southwestern Kenya, western Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-218594B3",null,null,"Kamassia, Kenya.","[Description of species from British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/445/mode/1up","Sylviella jacksoni"],["21530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta whytii minima","Ogilvie-Grant, 1900","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.21 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D183EE6",null,null,"Manda Island, Kenya.","On the Birds collected during an Expedition through Somaliland and Southern Abyssinia to the Blue Nile. With Field-notes by Lord Lovat.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/202/mode/1up","Sylviella minima"],["21531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta whytii whytii","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Tanzania to Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and southern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A5CC4AD",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/45/mode/1up","Sylviella whytii"],["21532","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta philippae","Williams, 1955","Ibis vol.97 p.582 pl.7","Philippa's Crombec","Short-billed Crombec","Philippa's Crombec",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia thickets, and arid scrub on rocky ground or red sandy soil, in eastern and southeastern Ethiopia and adjacent Somalia",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715121","shbcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbcro1","avibase-0B44E704",null,null,"near Galkayu (Galcaio = Rocca Littorio), western Italian Somalia, lat. 6° 50' N., long. 47° 25' E.; altitude ca. 1,000 feet.","A new species of Sylvietta from Italian Somalia.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1955.tb04985.x","Sylvietta philippae"],["21533","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta virens","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.39","Green Crombec","Green Crombec","Green Crombec",null,null,"lowland to montane forest understory, mangrove edge, and savanna thickets from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, thence southward to western Angola and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715099","grecro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grecro1","avibase-83E5801B",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/57/mode/1up","Sylvietta virens"],["21534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta virens flaviventris","(Sharpe, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.23, pl. II, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B3DF1C0",null,null,"Fantee (= Fanti), Gold Coast.","On new Species of Warblers in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/51/mode/1up","Baeocerca flaviventris"],["21535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta virens virens","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon, Gabon, and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6401D79B",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/57/mode/1up","Sylvietta virens"],["21536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta virens baraka","Sharpe, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA30A7D1",null,null,"Ntebi (= Entebbe), Uganda.","[Description of species from British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/444/mode/1up","Sylviella baraka"],["21537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta virens tando","Sclater, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-798EF3F0",null,null,"Ndala-Tando (= Vila Salazar), northern Angola.","Notes on African Warblers, with descriptions of new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/52/mode/1up","Sylvietta virens tando"],["21538","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta denti","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.25","Lemon-bellied Crombec","Lemon-bellied Crombec","Lemon-bellied Crombec",null,null,"lowland and hill forest edge of western Guinea through southwestern Nigeria and disjunctly from southeastern Nigeria to western Uganda and southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715103","lebcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lebcro1","avibase-AA48D853",null,null,"10 miles northwest of Ft. Beni, West Ruwenzori, Congo Free State; altitude 3,000 feet.","Description of new species from Mount Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/449/mode/1up","Sylviella denti"],["21539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta denti hardyi","Bannerman, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"western Guinea through southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13423AFB",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","On two new species of birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/51/mode/1up","Sylviella hardyi"],["21540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta denti denti","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria eastward through southern Central African Republic and western Uganda; in south to far northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7794F61B",null,null,"10 miles northwest of Ft. Beni, West Ruwenzori, Congo Free State; altitude 3,000 feet.","Description of new species from Mount Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/449/mode/1up","Sylviella denti"],["21541","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta leucophrys","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.120","White-browed Crombec","White-browed Crombec",null,"2025-0490","Taxon <em>chapini </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Sylvietta leucophrys</em> following Fishpool &amp; Collar (2006). The superciliary stripe absent in <em>chapini </em>is also lacking in immature <em>leucophrys </em>and other plumage differences are considered minor. Analysis of vocalizations would be needed to confirm species status.","montane forest undergrowth and edges, and bamboo, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and western Kenya, southward to Rwanda, Burundi, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,"whbcro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcro2","avibase-489FFCA9",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/152/mode/1up","Sylviella leucophrys"],["21542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta leucophrys leucophrys","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"western Uganda (Kibale Forest and Rwenzori) and western and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80F538A4",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/152/mode/1up","Sylviella leucophrys"],["21543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta leucophrys chloronota","Hartert, 1920","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.2 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Uganda (Kigezi) to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCC1B412",null,null,"northwest of Baraka, Belgian Congo; altitude 1,900 meters.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/542/mode/1up","Sylvietta leucophrys chloronota"],["21544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta leucophrys chapini","Schouteden, 1947","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 40 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lendu Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D1CA9F7",null,null,"Djugu and Nioka, Kibali-Ituri, Belgian Congo.","Un nouveau Sylvietta de la Faune congolaise (Aves, Sylviidae).",null,"Sylvietta Chapini"],["21545","species","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta brachyura","de Lafresnaye, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.258","Northern Crombec","Northern Crombec",null,"2025-0489","Taxon <em>leucopsis </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Sylvietta brachyura</em> based on inconsistent plumage differences and evidence for dialectal variation in vocalizations; further research is required to determine species limits.","lowland to montane arid thornscrub, wooded savanna, and acacia woodland, from southern Mauritania and northern Sierra Leone eastward through the Sahel to northeastern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, thence southward to southern Cameroon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,"norcro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norcro1","avibase-7542C6F1",null,null,"Senegambia.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/266/mode/1up","Sylvietta brachyura"],["21546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta brachyura brachyura","de Lafresnaye, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia and Sierra Leone to Sudan and northern Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB987DCF",null,null,"Senegambia.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/266/mode/1up","Sylvietta brachyura"],["21547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta brachyura carnapi","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.21, 22",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C58781EE",null,null,"eastern Cameroon.","Über Sylviella-Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/40/mode/1up","Sylviella carnapi"],["21548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Macrosphenidae","African Longbills, Crombecs, and allies","Sylvietta brachyura leucopsis","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, southeastern South Sudan, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-406E1A4D",null,null,"Kibaradja, Tana River, Kenya.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Sylviella leucopsis"],["21549","family","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticolidae",null,null,"Cisticolas and allies","Cisticolas and Allies","Cisticolas and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cistic2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cistic2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["21550","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis","Sharpe, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Neomixis striatigula [Sharpe, 1881]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/263/mode/1up","Neomixis"],["21551","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis viridis","(Sharpe, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.152","Green Jery","Green Jery","Green Jery",null,null,"montane northwestern and eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716153","grejer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grejer1","avibase-CF4FB76D",null,null,"Ankafana forest, Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/172/mode/1up","Eroessa viridis"],["21552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis viridis delacouri","Salomonsen, 1934","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.10, vol.14, no.79 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"humid highland forest of northeastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45C27827",null,null,"Maroantsetra, northeastern Madagascar.","Revision of the Madagascar Timaliinae Birds.","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933408654874","Neomixis viridis delacouri"],["21553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis viridis viridis","(Sharpe, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"humid highland forest of southeastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D7CADBD",null,null,"Ankafana forest, Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/172/mode/1up","Eroessa viridis"],["21554","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis striatigula","Sharpe, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.195 pl.19","Stripe-throated Jery","Stripe-throated Jery",null,"2025-0475","Taxon <em>pallidior </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Neomixis striatigula,</em> as evidence for a split based on vocalizations is considered ambiguous. Detailed bioacoustic and genetic analyses, including in areas of parapatry, are needed.","northeastern, southwestern, and southeastern Madagascar",null,null,null,"sttjer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttjer1","avibase-6FD7A5BC",null,null,"Fianarantsoa, southeastern Madagascar.","On a new Genus of Timeliidae from Madagascar, with Remarks on some other Genera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/263/mode/1up","Neomixis striatigula"],["21555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis striatigula sclateri","Delacour, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of northeastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F33C41E",null,null,"Fanovana, eastern Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/500/mode/1up","Neomixis striatigula sclateri"],["21556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis striatigula striatigula","Sharpe, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.195 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of southeastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8955DADA",null,null,"Fianarantsoa, southeastern Madagascar.","On a new Genus of Timeliidae from Madagascar, with Remarks on some other Genera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/263/mode/1up","Neomixis striatigula"],["21557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis striatigula pallidior","Salomonsen, 1934","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.10, vol.14, no.79 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"arid subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73BC0382",null,null,"Ampotaka, southwestern Madagascar.","Revision of the Madagascar Timaliinae Birds.","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933408654874","Neomixis striatigula pallidior"],["21558","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis tenella","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.219 text,figs","Common Jery","Common Jery","Common Jery",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716148","comjer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comjer1","avibase-62D4A4C8",null,null,"Madagascar ; inferentially restricted to northeastern Madagascar, by Milne Edwards and Grandidier, 1882, Histoire Physique, Naturelle Politique Madagascar, 12 (1879), p. 322.","On a New Genus and Species of Birds from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/291/mode/1up","Eroessa tenella"],["21559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis tenella tenella","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.219 text,figs",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of northern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9B6D995",null,null,"Madagascar ; inferentially restricted to northeastern Madagascar, by Milne Edwards and Grandidier, 1882, Histoire Physique, Naturelle Politique Madagascar, 12 (1879), p. 322.","On a New Genus and Species of Birds from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/291/mode/1up","Eroessa tenella"],["21560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis tenella decaryi","Delacour, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of western Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BB4CB17",null,null,"Tsiandro, Ankavandra, Ankoja, and Tsiroanomandidy, west-central Madagascar; restricted to Tsiandro, by Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 14, p. 63.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/502/mode/1up","Neomixis tenella decaryi"],["21561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis tenella orientalis","Delacour, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of central and southern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF7393AB",null,null,"Fanovana, eastcentral Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/502/mode/1up","Neomixis tenella orientalis"],["21562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Neomixis tenella debilis","Delacour, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"arid subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81934668",null,null,"Tabiky, southwestern Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/502/mode/1up","Neomixis tenella debilis"],["21563","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Micromacronus","Amadon, 1962","The Condor 64, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Micromacronus leytensis [Amadon, 1962]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A new genus and species of Philippine bird.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol64/iss1/1/","Micromacronus"],["21564","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Micromacronus leytensis","Amadon, 1962","The Condor 64, no.1 p.3","Visayan Miniature Babbler","Leyte Plumed-Warbler","Visayan Miniature Babbler",null,null,"east-central Philippines (Leyte and Samar)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735027","mitbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mitbab1","avibase-E823AB2F",null,null,"Dagami, 1,500 ft.. Barrio of Patok, eastern shoulder of Mount Lobu, Leyte.","A new genus and species of Philippine bird.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol64/iss1/1/","Micromacronus leytensis"],["21565","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Micromacronus sordidus","Ripley & Rabor, 1968","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 81 p.33","Mindanao Miniature Babbler","Mindanao Plumed-Warbler","Mindanao Miniature Babbler",null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734573","minmib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minmib1","avibase-6E07BDBD",null,null,"Mt Matutum, Tupi, Cotabato Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines","Two new subspecies of birds from the Philippines and comments on the validity of two others.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107600#page/47/mode/1up","Micromacronus leytensis sordidus"],["21566","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia flaviventris [Burchell, 1822]; type by original designation = Sylvietta icteropygialis Lafresnaye, 1839",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/112/mode/1up","Eremomela"],["21567","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela flavicrissalis","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.481","Yellow-vented Eremomela","Yellow-vented Eremomela","Yellow-vented Eremomela",null,null,"lowland to foothill semi-desert scrub, open dry woodland, and bushy savanna, from eastern Ethiopia and Somalia southward to northeastern Uganda and northern and southeastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715034","yevere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yevere1","avibase-D46EE5F8",null,null,"Shebeli, western Somaliland (= Ethiopia, ca. lat. 7° 10' N., long. 42° 10' E.).","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/583/mode/1up","Eremomela flavicrissalis"],["21568","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.258","Yellow-bellied Eremomela","Yellow-bellied Eremomela","Yellow-bellied Eremomela","2025-0482","Taxon <em>salvadorii</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Eremomela icteropygialis, </em>as the evidentiary basis for a split based on minor plumage differences and possible sympatry (Hall 1960) are weak (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993) and <em>salvadorii </em>is purported to intergrade with <em>polioxantha </em>(White 1961).","lowland to montane dry woodland, and open savanna scrub, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to central Sudan, Eritrea, and northern Somalia, and southward (avoiding rainforest) to South Africa, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715023","yebere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebere1","avibase-183E7FD0",null,null,"Orange River, South Africa.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/266/mode/1up","Sylvietta icteropygialis"],["21569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis alexanderi","Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.4 p.673-674",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Sudan (Darfur and Kordofan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C1575AA",null,null,"Bara, Kordofan, Sudan.","A List of the Birds of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, based on the Collections of Mr. A. L. Butler, Mr. A. Chapman and Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., and Major Cuthbert Christy, R.A.M.C. (T.F.). Part II. Alaudidae - Hirundinidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/765/mode/1up","Eremomela flaviventris alexanderi"],["21570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis griseoflava","Heuglin, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.55 p.40-41",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Somalia, eastern Uganda, Rwanda, western Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8EF7F4C",null,null,"valleys near Keren, Eritrea.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Fortsetzung vom November-Heft 1861, S. 417-432.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/54/mode/1up","Eremomela? griseoflava"],["21571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis abdominalis","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.635",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D931CD74",null,null,"East Africa. Type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Igonda, Tabora district, Tanganyika, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 537",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/679/mode/1up","Eremomela flaviventris abdominalis"],["21572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis polioxantha","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Tanzania, southward to southwestern Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B34B35C",null,null,"Swaziland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/180/mode/1up","Eremomela polioxantha"],["21573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis helenorae","Alexander, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia, southern Malawi, western Zimbabwe, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37449703",null,null,"Mesanangue, Zambezi River, Mozambique.","Account of a recent expedition to the Zambesi River and its tributaries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/568/mode/1up","Eremomela helenorae"],["21574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis puellula","Grote, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-340DD8A6",null,null,"Catumbela, Benguela, Angola.","Neue tropisch-afrikanische Formen.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0075-0076.pdf","Eremomela griseoflava puellula"],["21575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis sharpei","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.25-26",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola, northern Namibia, and western and central Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20309CC1",null,null,"Damaraland. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Elephant Vlei (? = Olifants Kloof, Botswana), fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 537.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/39/mode/1up","Eremomela flaviventris sharpei"],["21576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis viriditincta","White, 1961","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.5 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Namibia, northeastern Botswana, southwestern Zambia, and northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B32A1CFC",null,null,"15 miles west of Victoria Falls.","Notes on Eremomela icteropygialis (Lafresnaye).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/129/mode/1up","Eremomela icteropygialis viriditincta"],["21577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis icteropygialis","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Namibia, southwestern Botswana, and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8783ACD",null,null,"Orange River, South Africa.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/266/mode/1up","Sylvietta icteropygialis"],["21578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis saturatior","Ogilvie-Grant, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40907902",null,null,"Deelfontein, Cape Province.","Remarks on Eremomela flaviventris and E. polioxantha, with description of a new species from South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/393/mode/1up","Eremomela saturatior"],["21579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela icteropygialis salvadorii","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southeastern Gabon, central plateau of Angola, and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77FE6CF2",null,null,"Leopoldville, Congo Free State.","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Arten II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/76/mode/1up","Eremomela salvadorii"],["21580","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela pusilla","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.59","Senegal Eremomela","Senegal Eremomela","Senegal Eremomela",null,null,"lowland to foothill wooded savanna, acacia grassland, forest edge, orchard bush and garden, and mangroves, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to northern Cameroon and northwestern Central Africa Republic, and southward to central Ivory Coast, coastal Ghana, and southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730969","senere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/senere1","avibase-330BEC7E",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/133/mode/1up","Eremomela pusilla"],["21581","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela canescens","Antinori, 1864","Catalogo descrittivo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nell'interno dell'Affrica centrale nord dal maggio 1859 al luglio 1861 p.38","Green-backed Eremomela","Green-backed Eremomela","Green-backed Eremomela",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia woodland, wooded savanna, and shrubby hills, from northern Cameroon and southern Chad eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to Central African Republic and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715045","grbere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbere1","avibase-75932535",null,null,"Djur (= Jur), Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103632#page/74/mode/1up","Eremomela? canescens"],["21582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela canescens elegans","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan (Darfur and Kordofan to Sennar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-975CCCF9",null,null,"Sarogo (Sarakwo, Saraco) Province, western Abyssinian highlands.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/271/mode/1up","Eremomela? elegans"],["21583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela canescens abyssinica","Bannerman, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan, eastern South Sudan, western Eritrea, and western and central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9629434",null,null,"Omo River, Kullo, southwestern Abyssinia; altitude 2,000 feet.","On three new species of birds from South-western Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/66/mode/1up","Eremomela elegans abyssinica"],["21584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela canescens canescens","Antinori, 1864","Catalogo descrittivo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nell'interno dell'Affrica centrale nord dal maggio 1859 al luglio 1861 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chad and eastern Cameroon eastward to western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D07190A9",null,null,"Djur (= Jur), Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103632#page/74/mode/1up","Eremomela? canescens"],["21585","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela scotops","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.103","Green-capped Eremomela","Green-capped Eremomela","Green-capped Eremomela",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, including miombo and mopane woodland, from southeastern Gabon eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to southwestern Uganda and western and coastal Kenya, thence southward to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715050","greere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greere1","avibase-0394BA0B",null,null,"'in Caffraria superiori.' Type, in Riksmuseet, Stockholm, from Mohapoani, Witfontein Berge, western Transvaal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1934, Ibis, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/113/mode/1up","Eremomela scotops"],["21586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela scotops kikuyuensis","Van Someren, 1931","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 9 (37) (1930) p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0A8688D",null,null,"Nairobi, Kenya.","New races of Birds from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204477#page/315/mode/1up","Eremomela scotops kikuyuensis"],["21587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela scotops citriniceps","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda to western Kenya and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D823F99",null,null,"Kakoma, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/222/mode/1up","Tricholais citriniceps"],["21588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela scotops congensis","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.639",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to Congo, northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE54C545",null,null,"Leopoldville, Congo Free State.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/683/mode/1up","Eremomela congensis"],["21589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela scotops pulchra","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, western Malawi, northeastern Namibia, and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C88383E",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/269/mode/1up","Tricholais pulchra"],["21590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela scotops scotops","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kenya to Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, eastern Botswana, Mozambique, northeastern South Africa (Limpopo southward to northern KwaZulu-Natal), and northern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D35F98D3",null,null,"'in Caffraria superiori.' Type, in Riksmuseet, Stockholm, from Mohapoani, Witfontein Berge, western Transvaal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1934, Ibis, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/113/mode/1up","Eremomela scotops"],["21591","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela gregalis","(Smith, 1829)","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.213, 27 June p.2","Karoo Eremomela","Karoo Eremomela","Karoo Eremomela",null,null,"lowland Karoo scrub and shrubby desert from western Namibia southward to western South Africa (south to Karoo of Western Cape, eastward to western Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715055","yerere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yerere1","avibase-728CFC23",null,null,"northern districts, Little Namaqualand; restricted to Husab, Swakop River, Damaraland, South West Africa, by Clancey, 1969, Durban Mus. Novit., 8, p. 307.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.5].",null,"Malcorus gregalis"],["21592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela gregalis gregalis","(Smith, 1829)","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.213, 27 June p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Namibia and western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3999609F",null,null,"northern districts, Little Namaqualand; restricted to Husab, Swakop River, Damaraland, South West Africa, by Clancey, 1969, Durban Mus. Novit., 8, p. 307.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.5].",null,"Malcorus gregalis"],["21593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela gregalis albigularis","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-270A39CE",null,null,"Natal; error: restricted to Beaufort West, central Cape Province, by Clancey, 1963, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, pp. 255-256.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/262/mode/1up","Dryodromas albigularis"],["21594","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela badiceps","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.144","Rufous-crowned Eremomela","Rufous-crowned Eremomela","Rufous-crowned Eremomela",null,null,"lowland forest and secondary growth from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan and western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715060","rucere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucere1","avibase-17767237",null,null,"Clarence (= Malabo), Fernando Po.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/296/mode/1up","Sylvia badiceps"],["21595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela badiceps fantiensis","Macdonald, 1940","Ibis ser.14, vol.4, no.2 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to western Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F901E364",null,null,"Prahsu (= Prasu), Gold Coast.","Notes on African Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01660.x","Eremomela badiceps fantiensis"],["21596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela badiceps latukae","Hall, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.8 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B1A341B",null,null,"near Katire, foothills of the Imatong Mountains, southern Sudan.","A New Race of Bush Warbler from the Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/102/mode/1up","Eremomela badiceps latukae"],["21597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela badiceps badiceps","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to northern Angola and western Uganda; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FFABAD6",null,null,"Clarence (= Malabo), Fernando Po.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/296/mode/1up","Sylvia badiceps"],["21598","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela turneri","Van Someren, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.92","Turner's Eremomela","Turner's Eremomela","Turner's Eremomela",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest edge, and secondary growth of east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kenya; old record from southwestern Uganda",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715064","turere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turere1","avibase-7D340BF9",null,null,"Yala River, northern Kavirondo, Kenya.","Descriptions of new forms from East Africa and Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/360/mode/1up","Eremomela badiceps turneri"],["21599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela turneri kalindei","Prigogine, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78, no.8 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo; one old record far southwestern Uganda (Nyondo Forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09C17E81",null,null,"Kailo, eastern Belgian Congo, lat. 2° 39' S., long. 26° r E.; altitude 470 meters.","The Status of Eremomela turneri van Someren and the description of a new race from the Belgian Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/193/mode/1up","Eremomela turneri kalindei"],["21600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela turneri turneri","Van Someren, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya (Mount Elgon, Kakamega Forest, and southern Nandi Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0E8CBEE",null,null,"Yala River, northern Kavirondo, Kenya.","Descriptions of new forms from East Africa and Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/360/mode/1up","Eremomela badiceps turneri"],["21601","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela atricollis","Bocage, 1894","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (2), 3 p.153","Black-necked Eremomela","Black-necked Eremomela","Black-necked Eremomela",null,null,"foothill miombo woodland, and brushy savanna, from northeastern and central Angola eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Tanzania, and southward to central Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715068","blnere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnere1","avibase-A6275491",null,null,"Galanga, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54846#page/165/mode/1up","Eremomela atricollis"],["21602","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela usticollis","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.102","Burnt-necked Eremomela","Burnt-necked Eremomela","Burnt-necked Eremomela",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia and miombo woodland, and riverine thornscrub, from southern Angola eastward to central northwestern Zambia, and southern Malawi, thence southward to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715073","bunere1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bunere1","avibase-35C0145B",null,null,"'in Caffraria superiori.' Type from Leroma, Transvaal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1927, Arkiv. Zool., 19 A, no. 1, p. 50.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/112/mode/1up","Eremomela usticollis"],["21603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela usticollis rensi","Benson, 1943","Ostrich 13 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia to southern Malawi and Mozambique (north of Save River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF1B4FE8",null,null,"near Fort Johnston, Nyasaland; altitude 1,700 feet.","A new Warbler from Nyasaland.",null,"Eremomela (Magalilais) usticollis rensi"],["21604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eremomela usticollis usticollis","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-773BF5D9",null,null,"'in Caffraria superiori.' Type from Leroma, Transvaal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1927, Arkiv. Zool., 19 A, no. 1, p. 50.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/112/mode/1up","Eremomela usticollis"],["21605","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Drymocichla","Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.4 p.625",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymocichla incana [Hartlaub, 1881]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/775/mode/1up","Drymocichla"],["21606","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Drymocichla incana","Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.4 p.625 pl.60 fig.2","Red-winged Grey Warbler","Red-winged Gray Warbler","Red-winged Grey Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill savanna, riparian woodland, and thickets near water, from far eastern Nigeria and north-central Cameroon eastward to eastern South Sudan, and southward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713684","rwgwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rwgwar2","avibase-E1936846",null,null,"Magungo, northern Uganda.","On some new Birds discovered and collected by Dr. Emin Bey in Central Africa, between 5° and 2° N. lat., and 31° and 32° E. long..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/775/mode/1up","Drymocichla incana"],["21607","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Schistolais","Wolters, 1980","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen pt.5 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymoeca leucopogon [Cabanis, 1875]; type by original designation",null,"Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine Systematische Lists mil Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. 4","https://archive.org/details/dievogelartender0000wolt/page/375/mode/1up?q=Schistolais","Schistolais"],["21608","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Schistolais leontica","(Bates, 1930)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.51","Sierra Leone Prinia","Sierra Leone Prinia","Sierra Leone Prinia",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to submontane forest edge, riparian scrub, and thickets along highland streams, in Guinea, northern and eastern Sierra Leone, northern Liberia, and western Ivory Coast",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713638","silpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silpri2","avibase-45411DD0",null,null,"Birwa Peak, Kono district, Sierra Leone; altitude 4,500 feet.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/83/mode/1up","Prinia leontica"],["21609","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Schistolais leucopogon","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.235","White-chinned Prinia","White-chinned Prinia","White-chinned Prinia",null,null,"lowland to montane riparian woodland, gallery forest, and bracken thickets, from southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713643","whcpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcpri2","avibase-95B6C7C5",null,null,"Chinchoxo, Loango, enclave of Cabinda, Angola.","Protokoll der LXXI. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/247/mode/1up","Drymoeca leucopogon"],["21610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Schistolais leucopogon leucopogon","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria to middle Ubangi River and western side of Lake Tanganyika",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9D20E7D",null,null,"Chinchoxo, Loango, enclave of Cabinda, Angola.","Protokoll der LXXI. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/247/mode/1up","Drymoeca leucopogon"],["21611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Schistolais leucopogon reichenowi","(Hartlaub, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.151-152",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E8443E8",null,null,"Njangalo (= Nyangabo), northeastern Congo Free State.","Ueber einige neue von Dr. Emin Pascha im inneren Ostafrika entdekte Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/163/mode/1up","Burnesia reichenowi"],["21612","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Oreophilais","Clancey, 1991","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 111 p.220 [217-222]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Prinia robertsi [Benson, 1946]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/240/mode/1up","Oreophilais"],["21613","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Oreophilais robertsi","(Benson, 1946)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.52","Roberts's Warbler","Roberts's Warbler","Briar Warbler",null,null,"foothill and submontane rank vegetation, bracken and briar thickets, and forest edge of streams and rocky outcrops, in eastern Zimbabwe highlands and adjacent Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713663","robpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robpri1","avibase-0B870352",null,null,"Vumba, near Umtali, Southern Rhodesia; altitude ca. 5,500 feet.","A new Longtail from Southern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/76/mode/1up","Prinia robertsi"],["21614","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Phragmacia","Brooke & Dean, 1990","Ostrich 51 p.50-55",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymoica substriata [Smith, A, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Phragmacia"],["21615","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Phragmacia substriata","(Smith, 1842)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.16 pl.72, fig.1,text","Namaqua Warbler","Namaqua Warbler","Namaqua Warbler",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia woodland, Karoo scrub, and reedbeds, of southern Namibia and western and central South Africa (east to Free State and Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713658","nampri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nampri1","avibase-23670191",null,null,"Olifants River, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/299/mode/1up","Drymoica substriata"],["21616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Phragmacia substriata confinis","(Clancey, 1991)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 111, no.2 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa, along the lower Orange River in Northern Cape",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1E36ABE",null,null,"lower Orange River, northwestern Cape, at 28°53'S, 18°15'E, South Africa","On the generic status and geographical variation of the Namaqua Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/115/mode/1up","Prinia substriata confinis"],["21617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Phragmacia substriata substriata","(Smith, 1842)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.16 pl.72, fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central South Africa (eastward to Free State and Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BFEB66D",null,null,"Olifants River, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/299/mode/1up","Drymoica substriata"],["21618","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Urolais","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Urolais mariae [Alexander, 1903]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/407/mode/1up","Urolais"],["21619","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Urolais epichlorus","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.193","Green Longtail","Green Longtail","Green Longtail",null,null,"foothill and montane forest of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon highlands, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713688","grnlon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnlon1","avibase-9180EEB6",null,null,"Buea, Mt. Cameroon; altitude 950 meters.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/207/mode/1up","Burnesia epichlora"],["21620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Urolais epichlorus epichlorus","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and southern Southwest Region (Cameroon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FC01B2D",null,null,"Buea, Mt. Cameroon; altitude 950 meters.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/207/mode/1up","Burnesia epichlora"],["21621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Urolais epichlorus cinderella","Bates, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Southwest Region (Cameroon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEAC744C",null,null,"Oku, west of Kumbo, Cameroon; altitude 6,000 feet.","Description of four new species of West African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/67/mode/1up","Urolais epichlora cinderella"],["21622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Urolais epichlorus mariae","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3BD9E03",null,null,"Mt. St. Ysabel (= Pico de Santa Isabel), Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/407/mode/1up","Urolais mariae"],["21623","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Oreolais","Nguembock, Fjeldså, Couloux et al., 2008","Ibis vol.150, no.4 p.756-765.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Apalis pulchra [Sharpe, 1891]; type by original designation",null,"Polyphyly of the genus Apalis and a new generic name for the species pulchra and ruwenzorii.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00852.x","Oreolais"],["21624","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Oreolais ruwenzorii","(Jackson, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.11","Rwenzori Apalis","Rwenzori Apalis","Rwenzori Apalis",null,null,"submontane to montane primary and secondary forest, and bamboo, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713708","ruwapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwapa1","avibase-4016F61E",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On two new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/621/mode/1up","Apalis ruwenzorii"],["21625","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Oreolais pulcher","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.119","Black-collared Apalis","Black-collared Apalis","Black-collared Apalis",null,null,"disjunctly in montane forest understory of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southern South Sudan to southwestern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713703","blcapa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcapa2","avibase-91FD087B",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/151/mode/1up","Apalis pulchra"],["21626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Oreolais pulcher pulcher","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon; southern South Sudan, highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southeastern Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3511B8E1",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/151/mode/1up","Apalis pulchra"],["21627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Oreolais pulcher murphyi","(Chapin, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C2565D3",null,null,"Sambwe, Marungu, Belgian Congo; altitude 6,100 feet.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Apalis pulchra murphyi"],["21628","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Artisornis","Friedmann, 1928","Ibis ser.12, vol.4, no.1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Opifex altus [Friedmann, 1927]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1928.tb08710.x","Artisornis"],["21629","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Artisornis metopias","(Reichenow, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.30","Red-capped Forest Warbler","Red-capped Forest-warbler","Red-capped Forest-warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane forest understory from northeastern Tanzania southward to northwestern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714948","afrtai2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrtai2","avibase-5C5C1A5E",null,null,"Usambara, Tanganyika [Tanzania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/48/mode/1up","Prinia metopias"],["21630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Artisornis metopias metopias","(Reichenow, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Tanzania to northwestern Mozambique (Njesi Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAEE62E0",null,null,"Usambara, Tanganyika [Tanzania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/48/mode/1up","Prinia metopias"],["21631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Artisornis metopias altus","(Friedmann, 1927)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2926032",null,null,"Nyingwa, Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika; altitude 8,000 feet.","New Birds from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Opifex altus"],["21632","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Artisornis moreaui","(Sclater, 1931)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.109","Long-billed Forest Warbler","Long-billed Forest-warbler",null,"2025-0488","Taxon <em>sousae </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Artisornis moreaui</em>, as a split would require additional evidence. Preliminary multilocus DNA data (Fjeldså &amp; Bowie 2021) suggest fairly deep differentiation. However, plumage differences are subtle, vocal data are lacking, and ecological differences between the taxa (Cordeiro et al. 2001) indicate the need for a more detailed comparison.","disjunctly in foothill and montane forest of northeastern Tanzania (East Usambara Mountains) and northern Mozambique (Njesi Plateau)",null,null,null,"lobtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobtai1","avibase-3D67250D",null,null,"forest near Amani, Usambara district, Tanganyika [Tanzania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/143/mode/1up","Apalis moreaui"],["21633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Artisornis moreaui moreaui","(Sclater, 1931)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B0BBE24",null,null,"forest near Amani, Usambara district, Tanganyika [Tanzania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/143/mode/1up","Apalis moreaui"],["21634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Artisornis moreaui sousae","(Benson, 1945)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mozambique (Njesi Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49EF5910",null,null,"Njesi Plateau, 10 miles north of Unango, northern Mozambique.","A new Race of Long-billed Forest Warbler from Northern Portuguese East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/43/mode/1up","Apalis moreaui sousae"],["21635","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Poliolais","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Poliolais helenorae [Alexander, 1903]; type by original designation = Apalis lopezi Alexander, 1903  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/408/mode/1up","Poliolais"],["21636","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Poliolais lopezi","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.35","White-tailed Warbler","White-tailed Warbler","White-tailed Warbler",null,null,"foothill and montane forest understory of southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715015","whtwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtwar1","avibase-D083C7B8",null,null,"Bakaki (= Bacake), Fernando Po. Spelling corrected to lopesi, Alexander, 1903 (July), Ibis, p. 373.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/407/mode/1up","Apalis lopezi"],["21637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Poliolais lopezi alexanderi","Bannerman, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D9E0106",null,null,"Mt. Cameroon.","A short review of the genus Poliolais, and exhibition and description of a new species from Cameroon Mountain, and of the young of P. helenorae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/83/mode/1up","Poliolais alexanderi"],["21638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Poliolais lopezi lopezi","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FEAA130",null,null,"Bakaki (= Bacake), Fernando Po. Spelling corrected to lopesi, Alexander, 1903 (July), Ibis, p. 373.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/407/mode/1up","Apalis lopezi"],["21639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Poliolais lopezi manengubae","Serle, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.8 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon (mounts Manenguba and Kupé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D21B0263",null,null,"Mt. Manenguba, Kumba Division, British Cameroon, lat. 5° 5' N., long. 9° 50' E.; altitude 6,000 feet.","New Races of a Warbler, a Flycatcher, and an Owl from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/100/mode/1up","Poliolais lopesi manengubae"],["21640","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Drymoica fasciolata [Smith, A, 1847]; type by subsequent designation (Shelley, 1896, Birds Africa, 1, p. 72).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/153/mode/1up","Calamonastes"],["21641","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes undosus","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.211","Miombo Wren-Warbler","Miombo Wren-Warbler","Miombo Wren-warbler",null,null,"lowland and foothill broadleaf and miombo woodland, and thickets on termitaria, from Cabinda (northwestern Angola), western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and adjacent Republic of the Congo, eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to southwestern Kenya, and southward to western Angola, northern Zambia, and south-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103773990","miowrw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miowrw2","avibase-1E7CADC2",null,null,"Kakoma, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/223/mode/1up","Drymoeca undosa"],["21642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes undosus cinereus","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.178 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo to western Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9412974B",null,null,"Leopoldville, Congo Free State.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem oberen Kongo-Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/227/mode/1up","Calamonastes cinereus"],["21643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes undosus huilae","(Meise, 1958)","Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg N.F. 2[\"1957\"] p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-427D9912",null,null,"Huila, Huila, southern Angola.",null,null,"Camaroptera simplex huilae"],["21644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes undosus katangae","Neave, 1909","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.4, no.20 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga) and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A30332E",null,null,"Katanga, Belgian Congo. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Lufupa River, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 517.","XV. On some new species of birds from Katanga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71907#page/156/mode/1up","Calamonastes katangae"],["21645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes undosus undosus","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to Rwanda and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-765FE0BD",null,null,"Kakoma, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/223/mode/1up","Drymoeca undosa"],["21646","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes stierlingi","Reichenow, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.39","Stierling's Wren-Warbler","Stierling's Wren-Warbler","Stierling's Wren-warbler",null,null,"lowland and foothill in miombo and acacia woodland, and thickets on termitaria, from northern Zambia eastward to southeastern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, and southward to northeastern Botswana, eastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730924","miowrw3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miowrw3","avibase-13F7A4F9",null,null,"Songea, upper Ruvuma region, Tanganyika.","Calamonastes stierlingi Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/57/mode/1up","Calamonastes stierlingi"],["21647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes stierlingi stierlingi","Reichenow, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Angola to northeastern Namibia, southern Zambia, eastern Tanzania, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B63EA929",null,null,"Songea, upper Ruvuma region, Tanganyika.","Calamonastes stierlingi Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/57/mode/1up","Calamonastes stierlingi"],["21648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes stierlingi irwini","(Smithers & Paterson, 1956)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.7 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Zambia to Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67DE861F",null,null,"Central Estates, Umvuma, Southern Rhodesia.","New Geographical Races of Camaroptera fasciolata and Batis capensis from Southern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/161/mode/1up","Camaroptera fasciolata irwini"],["21649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes stierlingi olivascens","(Clancey, 1969)","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (15) p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"southern coastal Tanzania to Malawi and coastal Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F577ED1",null,null,"Muanza, Manica e Sofala, Mozambique.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 27. 6. Systematic and distributional notes on Moçambique birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1365","Camaroptera stierlingi olivascens"],["21650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes stierlingi pintoi","(Irwin, 1960)","Durban Museum Novitates 6, no.3 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa, Eswatini, and far southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70236095",null,null,"Umbeluzi, near Lourenço Marques, southern Mozambique.","Relationships within the Camaroptera fasciolata-stierlingi-simplex complex of Warblers.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1536","Camaroptera stierlingi pintoi"],["21651","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes simplex","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205,221","Grey Wren-Warbler","Gray Wren-Warbler","Grey Wren-warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia thornscrub, dry woodland, and arid savanna, from Djibouti, central Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to southeastern South Sudan, eastern Uganda, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713876","grywrw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grywrw1","avibase-0195CFDD",null,null,"Ndi, Taita, Kenya.","Bericht über die (XXI.) März-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Thamnobia simplex"],["21652","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes fasciolatus","(Smith, 1847)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.25 pl.111,fig.2,text","Barred Wren-Warbler","Barred Wren-Warbler","Barred Wren-warbler",null,null,"lowland and foothill semiarid savanna and rocky woodland from southwestern Angola and northern Namibia eastward to western Zimbabwe and northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713890","bawwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawwar1","avibase-A3265EBB",null,null,"northeast of Latakoo (= Kuruman), northern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/483/mode/1up","Drymoica fasciolata"],["21653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes fasciolatus pallidior","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5081FB2A",null,null,"Sandpits, Benguela, Angola.","Exhibition of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/521/mode/1up","Calamonastes fasciolatus pallidior"],["21654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes fasciolatus fasciolatus","(Smith, 1847)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.25 pl.111,fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"central Namibia to Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-061F3F43",null,null,"northeast of Latakoo (= Kuruman), northern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/483/mode/1up","Drymoica fasciolata"],["21655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Calamonastes fasciolatus europhilus","(Clancey, 1970)","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (17) p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, southern Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa (Free State to Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2400C06",null,null,"'Uitduiker' Farm, ca. 10 miles south of Northam, Thabazimbi district, western Transvaal.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 28. An overlooked race of Barred Bush Warbler from the Transvaal.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1514","Camaroptera fasciolata europhila"],["21656","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Camaroptera olivacea [Sundevall, 1850]; type by original designation = Sylvia brachyura Vieillot, 1820",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/113/mode/1up","Camaroptera"],["21657","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera superciliaris","(Fraser, 1843)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.12 p.440","Yellow-browed Camaroptera","Yellow-browed Camaroptera","Yellow-browed Camaroptera",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, gallery forest, secondary growth, farmbush, and plantations, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward through southern Nigeria and southern Central African Republic to western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713868","yebcam1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcam1","avibase-63220C79",null,null,"Clarence (= Malabo), Fernando Po.","Proceedings of Learned Societies. Zoological Society. Dec. 27, 1842.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19370#page/488/mode/1up","Sylvicola superciliaris"],["21658","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera chloronota","Reichenow, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.96","Olive-green Camaroptera","Olive-green Camaroptera",null,"2025-0484","Taxon <em>toroensis </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Camaroptera chloronota</em>; the evidentiary basis for a split based on plumage and vocalizations is weak, and marked differences in tail length may prove to be clinal. Further study is needed.","lowland to montane understory of primary and secondary forest from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to western and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,"olgcam1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olgcam1","avibase-65393B92",null,null,"Misahohe, Togoland.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/112/mode/1up","Camaroptera chloronota"],["21659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera chloronota kelsalli","Sclater, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-431F134C",null,null,"Tungea, north-northeast of Bo, Sierra Leone.","Notes on African Warblers, with descriptions of new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/50/mode/1up","Camaroptera brachyura kelsalli"],["21660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera chloronota chloronota","Reichenow, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Togo to southern Cameroon, Gabon, and Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C438FC2",null,null,"Misahohe, Togoland.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/112/mode/1up","Camaroptera chloronota"],["21661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera chloronota granti","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8054822B",null,null,"Badasou, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/408/mode/1up","Camaroptera granti"],["21662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera chloronota kamitugaensis","Prigogine, 1961","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 63 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-949AE2CD",null,null,"Kamituga, Republic of the Congo, lat. 3° 3' S., long. 28° 11' E.; altitude 1,000 meters.","Une nouvelle forme de Camaroptera chloronota Reichenow du Congo.",null,"Camaroptera chloronota kamitugaensis"],["21663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera chloronota toroensis","(Jackson, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Central African Republic to southwestern South Sudan, northern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DB72D6F",null,null,"Kibera River, Toro, Uganda.","On two new species of birds from Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/648/mode/1up","Sylviella toroensis"],["21664","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera harterti","Zedlitz, 1911","Journal für Ornithologie 59, no.2 p.342","Hartert's Camaroptera","Hartert's Camaroptera","Hartert's Camaroptera",null,null,"lowland and foothill understory of primary and secondary forest, and thickets in old coffee plantations, in northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774747","gnbcam3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbcam3","avibase-B38ABEF9",null,null,"Canhoca, northern Angola.","Revision des Genus Camaroptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43503#page/354/mode/1up","Camaroptera griseoviridis harterti"],["21665","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura","(Vieillot, 1820)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.89 p.459","Bleating Camaroptera","Green-backed Camaroptera","Bleating Camaroptera","2025-0492","The polytypic <em>brevicaudata </em>group is retained in <em>Camaroptera brachyura</em> based on present evidence. Sometimes split based on plumage and habitat differences, the grey-backed <em>brevicaudata </em>group and greeN0backed <em>brachyura </em>group are vocally similar (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1980), and hybridize in areas of contact (White 1962; Zimmerman et al. 2001). Available mitochondrial DNA data (Nguembock et al. 2007) identified deep divergences between <em>brevicaudata, harterti,</em> and <em>brachyura, </em>but further research is needed to define species limits in this group.","lowland to montane forest understory, riparian thickets, savanna woodland, and gardens, widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to coastal Sudan and Somalia, and southward to northern Namibia and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774592","grbcam1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbcam1","avibase-DC456636",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/67/mode/1up","Sylvia brachyura"],["21666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura pileata","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.66,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya to southeastern Tanzania; Mafia Island and Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CB17509",null,null,"Zanzibar.","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Arten II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/78/mode/1up","Camaroptera pileata"],["21667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura fugglescouchmani","Moreau, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania to Zambia and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D32B05E",null,null,"Kibungo Forest, eastern foot of Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika; altitude 900 feet.","A new Race of Glass-eye from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/45/mode/1up","Camaroptera brachyura fuggles-couchmani"],["21668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura bororensis","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to southern Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E27B556",null,null,"Ngamwe, Boror, Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique]","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/163/mode/1up","Camaroptera brachyura bororensis"],["21669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura constans","Clancey, 1952","Annals of the Natal Museum 12 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, Eswatini, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95AFC3C5",null,null,"Gwaliweni Forest, Lebombo Mountains, northern Zululand.","A systematic account of the birds collected on the Natal Museum Expedition to the Lebombo Mountains and Tongaland, July, 1951.",null,"Camaroptera brachyura constans"],["21670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura brachyura","(Vieillot, 1820)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.89 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern and southern South Africa (central KwaZulu-Natal to eastern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D87DBD1A",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/67/mode/1up","Sylvia brachyura"],["21671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura brevicaudata","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.53 pl.35 fig.b",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Sierra Leone to central Sudan and lowlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF9CFD47",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/283/mode/1up","Sylvia brevicaudata"],["21672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura tincta","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia to western Kenya, northwestern Angola, northwestern Zambia, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E92FB8F0",null,null,"Moonda (= Mondah) River, Western Africa = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/348/mode/1up","Syncopta tincta"],["21673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura abessinica","Zedlitz, 1911","Journal für Ornithologie 59, no.2 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, northern Somalia, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D8DF587",null,null,"Harar, Abyssinia.","Revision des Genus Camaroptera","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43503#page/350/mode/1up","Camaroptera griseoviridis abessinica"],["21674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura insulata","Desfayes, 1975","Revue Zoologique Africaine 89 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia (Ghere region and Kaffa Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-964D4110",null,null,"Afallo, Ghera region, Kaffa (= Kefa) Province, Ethiopia, lat. 7° 45' N., long. 36° 20' E.; altitude about 2,000 meters.",null,null,"Camaroptera brevicaudata insulata"],["21675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura aschani","Granvik, 1934","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 25 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya to far southwestern Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5E5117F",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.",null,null,"Camaroptera brevicaudata aschani"],["21676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura erlangeri","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt2 p.617",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to coastal Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E840811",null,null,"southern Somaliland; restricted to Solole, 180 miles up the Juba River, by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1941, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 61, p. 67.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/661/mode/1up","Camaroptera erlangeri"],["21677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura griseigula","Sharpe, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya to eastern Uganda and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CFA8BA3",null,null,"Voi River, Teita (= Taita), Kenya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/189/mode/1up","Camaroptera griseigula"],["21678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura intercalata","White, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80, no.8 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga), eastern Zambia, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF427478",null,null,"62 miles south of Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia.","Further notes on African Warblers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/199/mode/1up","Camaroptera brachyura intercalata"],["21679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura sharpei","Zedlitz, 1911","Journal für Ornithologie 59, no.2 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Namibia, northern and eastern Botswana, southern Zambia, Malawi, and northern South Africa (North West)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B7D081",null,null,"Omaruru, Damaraland, South West Africa.","Revision des Genus Camaroptera","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43503#page/354/mode/1up","Camaroptera griseoviridis sharpei"],["21680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura transitiva","Clancey, 1974","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 6 (28) p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana to Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB639D3C",null,null,"Humani Ranch, Sabi River valley, southeastern Rhodesia, lat. 20° 30' S., long. 32° 16' E.; altitude 400 meters.","Subspeciation studies in some Rhodesian birds.",null,"Camaroptera brachyura transitiva"],["21681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Camaroptera brachyura beirensis","Roberts, 1932","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique (north of Save River) to eastern Zimbabwe and northeastern KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A783093",null,null,"Zimbiti (= Mzimbiti), Beira, Mozambique.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Camaroptera brevicaudata beirensis"],["21682","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Spiloptila","Sundevall, 1872","Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Malurus clamans [Rüppell]; type by original designation and monotypy = Malurus clamans Cretzschmar, 1826  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214645#page/88/mode/1up","Spiloptila"],["21683","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Spiloptila clamans","(Cretzschmar, 1826)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel livr.78 pl.466 fig.2,text","Cricket Warbler","Cricket Warbler","Cricket Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia thornscrub, and arid and semiarid savanna, from Western Sahara and Mauritania eastward across Sahel to Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to northern Senegal, northern Nigeria, and northern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713697","crilon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crilon1","avibase-2A88D0BC",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/164/mode/1up","Malurus clamans"],["21684","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Phyllolais","Hartlaub, 1881","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Prinia pulchella [Rüppell]; type by monotypy = Malurus pulchellus Cretzschmar, 1830",null,null,null,"Phyllolais"],["21685","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Phyllolais pulchella","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.53 pl.35 fig.a","Buff-bellied Warbler","Buff-bellied Warbler","Buff-bellied Warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill acacia thornscrub, semiarid and mesic savanna, forest edge, and well-wooded gardens, from southwestern Niger and northeastern Nigeria eastward to southeastern Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Rwanda, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714944","bubwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubwar2","avibase-DFC5A27D",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/283/mode/1up","Malurus pulchellus"],["21686","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis","Swainson, 1833","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.3, no.26 pl.119,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla thoracica [Shaw, 1811]; type by monotypy = Motacilla thoracica Shaw, 1811",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92613#page/179/mode/1up","Apalis"],["21687","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica","(Shaw, 1811)","The naturalist's miscellany 22, no.12 pl.969","Bar-throated Apalis","Bar-throated Apalis","Bar-throated Apalis",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, riparian woodland, semiarid savanna, and coastal scrub, from southeastern Kenya southward through eastern Zambia and eastern Botswana to eastern and southern South Africa (westward to Western Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713714","batapa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batapa2","avibase-B285E2B0",null,null,"interior of Africa; Grahamstown, Cape Province, suggested by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 519.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125731#page/273/mode/1up","Motacilla thoracica"],["21688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica griseiceps","Reichenow & Neumann, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.75-76",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya (Chyulu Hills) and highlands of Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-469D10EA",null,null,"Kifinika Hut, Mt. Kilimanjaro; altitude 3,000 meters.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/91/mode/1up","Apalis griseiceps"],["21689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica pareensis","Ripley & Heinrich, 1966","Postilla 96 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tanzania (South Pare Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0DB22DF",null,null,"Chome, Pare Mountains, Tanzania; altitude 1,900 meters.","Comments on the avifauna of Tanzania, I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44061#page/39/mode/1up","Apalis thoracica pareensis"],["21690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica murina","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania to northern Malawi and adjacent Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E50F1AA3",null,null,"Mararupia, Rovuma region, Tanganyika/Mozambique border.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/44/mode/1up","Apalis murina"],["21691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica uluguru","Neumann, 1914","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04D0ECDF",null,null,"eastern Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika; altitude 2,500 meters.","Neue afrikanische Arten und Unterarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/22/mode/1up","Apalis griseiceps uluguru"],["21692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica youngi","Kinnear, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania to northeastern Malawi and adjacent Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A27BFE47",null,null,"Vipya, northern Nyasaland; altitude 6,000 feet.","Description of a new race of Apalis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/46/mode/1up","Apalis thoracica youngi"],["21693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica whitei","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia to southern Malawi and adjacent Mozambique (Zobue)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10FC86F3",null,null,"Dedza Mountains, Nyasaland",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/154/mode/1up","Apalis murina whitei"],["21694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica rhodesiae","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe plateau and northeastern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B022C554",null,null,"Matabeleland.","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/161/mode/1up","Apalis rhodesiae"],["21695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica quarta","Irwin, 1966","Durban Museum Novitates 8, no.6 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zimbabwe (Mount Nyangani) and Mozambique (Mount Gorongoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E89E938D",null,null,"Mt. Gorongosa, Mozambique, lat. 18° 2r S., long. 34° 2' E.; altitude 5,000 feet.","Remarks on the Apalis thoracica rhodesiae-arnoldi-whitei group of races of the Bar-throated Apalis, with the description of a new subspecies from Gorongoza Mountain, Moçambique.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1836","Apalis thoracica quarta"],["21696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica arnoldi","Roberts, 1936","Ostrich 7 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08519481",null,null,"Mt. Selinda, Southern Rhodesia.","Some interesting records of Birds from Southern Rhodesia.",null,"Apalis thoracica arnoldi"],["21697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica flaviventris","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana and adjacent South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FA60F95",null,null,"Wonderboom, Pretoria, Transvaal [South Africa]","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/163/mode/1up","Apalis flaviventris"],["21698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica spelonkensis","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (Limpopo and northern Mpumalanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C6949B3",null,null,"Groot Spelonken, northern Transvaal [South Africa]","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/162/mode/1up","Apalis spelonkensis"],["21699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica drakensbergensis","Roberts, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (Drakensberg Mountains to western Eswatini)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBB2AAB0",null,null,"Nelsburg, Carolina-Barberton Road, Drakensberg, eastern Transvaal; altitude 4,500 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/139/mode/1up","Apalis thoracica drakensbergensis"],["21700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica lebomboensis","Roberts, 1931","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14, pt.3 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"Lebombo Mountains (border of Eswatini, southern Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa in KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA81F0BC",null,null,"Ubombo, northern Zululand.","Some new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_638","Apalis thoracica lebomboensis"],["21701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica venusta","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"KwaZulu-Natal to eastern Griqualand and Great Kei River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2DB56D2",null,null,"Port St. Johns, Pondoland [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/162/mode/1up","Apalis venustus"],["21702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica thoracica","(Shaw, 1811)","The naturalist's miscellany 22, no.12 pl.969",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Africa (Eastern Cape from the Great Kei River and to Gamtoos River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-235D9872",null,null,"interior of Africa; Grahamstown, Cape Province, suggested by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 519.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125731#page/273/mode/1up","Motacilla thoracica"],["21703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica claudei","Sclater, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (Western Cape eastward to western Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAA8502F",null,null,"Knysna, Cape Province. Type from Plattenberg (= Plettenberg) Bay, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 519.","Exhibition of examples of a new species from Cape Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/43/mode/1up","Apalis claudei"],["21704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica capensis","Roberts, 1936","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (southern coastal plain of Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A35F327C",null,null,"L'Ormarins estate, Paarl district, Cape Province.","Some unpublished field notes made by Dr. (Sir) Andrew Smith between the years 1826 and 1831 in the Cape Colony (Cape Province of South Africa) and compiled from his manuscript notes.",null,"Apalis thoracica capensis"],["21705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis thoracica griseopyga","Lawson, 1965","Ostrich 36, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (western coastal plain of Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D7699D4",null,null,"Kersefontein, Berg River, Hopefield, southwestern Cape Province.","The geographical races of the Bar-throated Apalis Apalis thoracica (Shaw & Nodder) occuring in Southern Africa.",null,"Apalis thoracica griseopyga"],["21706","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis fuscigularis","Moreau, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.48","Taita Apalis","Taita Apalis","Taita Apalis",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest edge on mountaintops in southeastern Kenya (Taita Hills)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713719","batapa4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batapa4","avibase-D5549C6D",null,null,"Taita Hills, southern Kenya; altitude 5,400 feet.","Description of a new race of Bar-throated Warbler.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/84/mode/1up","Apalis murina fuscigularis"],["21707","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavigularis","Shelley, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.16","Yellow-throated Apalis","Yellow-throated Apalis","Yellow-throated Apalis",null,null,"patchy in submontane to montane forest edge, riparian thickets, and secondary scrub, in highlands of southeastern Malawi, and possibly adjacent Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728413","batapa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batapa3","avibase-0190A968",null,null,"Mlanje ( = Lichenya) Plateau, Nyasaland.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/46/mode/1up","Apalis flavigularis"],["21708","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis lynesi","Vincent, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.142","Namuli Apalis","Namuli Apalis","Namuli Apalis",null,null,"submontane forest edge and canopy in northern Mozambique (Mt. Namuli)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713724","batapa5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batapa5","avibase-A3869D21",null,null,"Mt. Namuli, Quelimane Province, Mozambique, lat. 15° 21' S., long. 37° 4' E.; altitude 5,000 feet.","Descriptions of four new species and eighteen new subspecies collected during the recent Portuguese East African Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/180/mode/1up","Apalis lynesi"],["21709","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis nigriceps","(Shelley, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.139","Black-capped Apalis","Black-capped Apalis","Black-capped Apalis",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Uganda, and southward to northern Gabon and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713729","blcapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcapa1","avibase-DA2072A7",null,null,"Abouri (= Aburi), Aguapim (= Akwapim), Gold Coast.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/161/mode/1up","Dryodromas nigriceps"],["21710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis nigriceps nigriceps","(Shelley, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Gabon and Central African Republic; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-412B6170",null,null,"Abouri (= Aburi), Aguapim (= Akwapim), Gold Coast.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/161/mode/1up","Dryodromas nigriceps"],["21711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis nigriceps collaris","Van Someren, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F019E0E",null,null,"Bugoma Forest, Uganda.","Description of a new subspecies from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/137/mode/1up","Apalis nigriceps collaris"],["21712","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis jacksoni","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.119","Black-throated Apalis","Black-throated Apalis","Black-throated Apalis",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest from southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713733","bltapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltapa1","avibase-1ABAB622",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/151/mode/1up","Apalis jacksoni"],["21713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis jacksoni bambuluensis","Serle, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.6 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Nigeria and Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5999901C",null,null,"near Lake Bambulue, 10 miles south of Bamenda, British Cameroon, 5°50'N., 10°10'E; altitude 6,000 feet.","A new Genus and Species of Babbler and New Races of a Wood-Hoopoe, Swift, Barbet, Robin-Chat, Scrub-Warblers and Apalis from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/81/mode/1up","Apalis jacksoni bambuluensis"],["21714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis jacksoni minor","Ogilvie-Grant, 1917","Ibis ser.10, vol.5, no.1 p.76-77",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Cameroon and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5F79409",null,null,"Esamesa and Bitye, Ja (= Dja) River, southern Cameroon; altitude 1,500-2,000 feet.","Remarks on some recent Collections of Birds made by Mr. G. L. Bates in Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35521#page/122/mode/1up","Apalis jacksoni minor"],["21715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis jacksoni jacksoni","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola, Sudan, Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07597023",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/151/mode/1up","Apalis jacksoni"],["21716","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chariessa","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114","White-winged Apalis","White-winged Apalis","White-winged Apalis",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest of central and southern Tanzania, and of southern Malawi and adjacent Mozambique; apparently extinct in eastern Kenya",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713737","whwapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwapa1","avibase-184BA213",null,null,"Mitole, lower Tana River, Kenya.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Apalis chariessa"],["21717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chariessa chariessa","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Kenya (lower Tana River); likely extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-095D942D",null,null,"Mitole, lower Tana River, Kenya.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Apalis chariessa"],["21718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chariessa macphersoni","Vincent, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Kenya to northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ABC1428",null,null,"Mt. Cholo, Nyasaland; altitude 3,500 feet.","Descriptions of two new subspecies from Katanga Province of the Belgian Congo and of a new Warbler from Cholo Mountain, southern Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/217/mode/1up","Apalis macphersoni"],["21719","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis binotata","Reichenow, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.113","Lowland Masked Apalis","Masked Apalis","Masked Apalis",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to submontane forest understory, old forest clearings, and secondary growth, in southern Cameroon and northern Gabon, and in northwestern Angola, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713741","masapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masapa1","avibase-1B4DA358",null,null,"Jaunde (= Yaounde), Cameroon.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/129/mode/1up","Apalis binotata"],["21720","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis personata","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.9","Mountain Masked Apalis","Black-faced Apalis","Black-faced Apalis",null,null,"montane forest from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda southward to Burundi and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713746","blfapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfapa1","avibase-0ABADB0F",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/379/mode/1up","Apalis personata"],["21721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis personata personata","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50AB787E",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/379/mode/1up","Apalis personata"],["21722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis personata marungensis","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5220CC7A",null,null,"Kasangala, Marungu Highlands, Belgian Congo; altitude 7,050 feet.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Apalis binotata marungensis"],["21723","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.148","Yellow-breasted Apalis","Yellow-breasted Apalis",null,"2025-0491","Taxon <em>flavocincta </em>(polytypic) is retained as a subspecies of <em>Apalis flavida</em> pending further research. Proposed differences in habitat, plumage, and vocalizations are not sufficient to warrant a split in this geographically variable complex; the possibility of intergradation between <em>flavocincta </em>and adjacent forms also requires investigation (Ash &amp; Atkins 2009).","lowland to montane mesic forest, acacia savanna, riparian thickets, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia and Somalia, and widespread southward (avoiding rainforest) to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, and southern South Africa",null,null,null,"yebapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebapa1","avibase-E70F9747",null,null,"Damaraland, South West Africa; ? error: Ngamiland, Bechuanaland, suggested by Lawson, 1961, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 122.","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/198/mode/1up","Drymoeca flavida"],["21724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida viridiceps","Hawker, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia, adjacent Ethiopia, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9C82DFF",null,null,"Sheik Woofly, western Somaliland.","[Description of two apparently new species of birds from Western Somali Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/493/mode/1up","Apalis viridiceps"],["21725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida flavocincta","(Sharpe, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.159 p.346,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, southern Somalia, northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and far northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE3CFB86",null,null,"Adi (= Athi River, Kenya).","Bemerkungen über einige afrikanische Timaliiden des Berliner Museums.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/358/mode/1up","Euprinodes flavocincta"],["21726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida caniceps","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia to northern Angola and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB59611",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/56/mode/1up","Camaroptera caniceps"],["21727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida abyssinica","Érard, 1974","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 25 (1-3) p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F1F8474",null,null,"67 kilometers west of Bedele toward Metu, Illubabor, Ethiopia.","Notes faunistiques et systématiques sur quelques oiseaux d'Ethiopie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156191#page/93/mode/1up","Apalis flavida abyssinica"],["21728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida pugnax","Lawson, 1968","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (14) p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA02C9A1",null,null,"Nanyuki, lower Mt. Kenya, 0°01'N, 37°05'E; altitude 6,000 feet.","Geographical variation in the Yellow-breasted Apalis Apalis flavida of Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1444","Apalis flavida pugnax"],["21729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida golzi","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya (Taita Hills) to interior Tanzania and Rwanda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-012405D0",null,null,"Great Arusha, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/194/mode/1up","Euprinodes Golzi"],["21730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida neglecta","(Alexander, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to southeastern Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and northern KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C728C7E5",null,null,"Zambezi River. Type from Zumbo, Mozambique, fide Lawson, 1968, Durban Mus. Novit., 8, p. 218.","[Description of a new species of Chlorodyta from the Zambesi River].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/49/mode/1up","Chlorodyta neglecta"],["21731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida flavida","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, and southwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30A07F34",null,null,"Damaraland, South West Africa; ? error: Ngamiland, Bechuanaland, suggested by Lawson, 1961, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 122.","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/198/mode/1up","Drymoeca flavida"],["21732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis flavida florisuga","(Reichenow, 1898)","Journal für Ornithologie 46, no.2 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"central KwaZulu-Natal to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08375A67",null,null,"southeastern form = eastern Cape Province.","[Über eine Anzahl afrikanischer Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104359#page/330/mode/1up","Euprinodes florisuga"],["21733","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis ruddi","Grant, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.93","Rudd's Apalis","Rudd's Apalis","Rudd's Apalis",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry woodland, riverine scrub, and dense acacia thickets from southern Malawi southward through southern Mozambique to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713762","rudapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rudapa1","avibase-32947D9C",null,null,"Coguno, Inhambane district, Mozambique.","On two [three (sic)] new species of South African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/119/mode/1up","Apalis ruddi"],["21734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis ruddi ruddi","Grant, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Mozambique (Save River to lower Incomati River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1E08597",null,null,"Coguno, Inhambane district, Mozambique.","On two [three (sic)] new species of South African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/119/mode/1up","Apalis ruddi"],["21735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis ruddi caniviridis","Hanmer, 1979","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 99, no.1 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-327E044C",null,null,"Nchalo, lower Shire valley, Malawi, lat. 16° 16' S., long. 34° 55' E.","An undescribed subspecies of Rudd's Apalis Apalis ruddi from southern Malawi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/239/mode/1up","Apalis ruddi caniviridis"],["21736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis ruddi fumosa","Clancey, 1966","Durban Museum Novitates 7 (12) p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique (Maputo District) to coastal KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-428591F5",null,null,"Lubuli, near Nsoko, southeastern Swaziland.","A catalogue of birds of the South African sub-region (Part IV: Families Sylviidae - Prionopidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1729","Apalis ruddi fumosa"],["21737","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis sharpii","Shelley, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.5 p.45","Sharpe's Apalis","Sharpe's Apalis","Sharpe's Apalis",null,null,"lowland Upper Guinean rainforest canopy, dry deciduous forest, gallery forest, and mature secondary forest, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone to western Togo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713766","shaapa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shaapa2","avibase-770308E9",null,null,"Gold Coast.","On two new Species of Birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/79/mode/1up","Apalis sharpii"],["21738","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis rufogularis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.17","Buff-throated Apalis","Buff-throated Apalis","Buff-throated Apalis",null,null,"lowland to montane rainforest from southern Benin and southern Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), eastward through Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Kenya, thence southward to northwestern Angola, northwestern Zambia, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713770","butapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butapa1","avibase-75E0430B",null,null,"Clarence (= Malabo), Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/385/mode/1up","Drymoica rufogularis"],["21739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis rufogularis rufogularis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria to Cameroon, Gabon, and Central African Republic; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30161866",null,null,"Clarence (= Malabo), Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/385/mode/1up","Drymoica rufogularis"],["21740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis rufogularis sanderi","Serle, 1951","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 71, no.7 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Nigeria (Lagos to Ife and Niger River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-412AF6ED",null,null,"Ogun River, near Lagos, Nigeria.","A new species of Shrike and a new race of Apalis from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125665#page/138/mode/1up","Apalis rufogularis sanderi"],["21741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis rufogularis nigrescens","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and far northwestern Tanzania southward to far northeastern Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E39A291E",null,null,"'Ruwenzori' = Ankole, Uganda, fide Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 19, p. 253.","On new species from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/116/mode/1up","Euprinodes nigrescens"],["21742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis rufogularis angolensis","(Bannerman, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2334D86",null,null,"Ndala Tando (= Vila Salazar), northern Angola.","Descriptions of two new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/436/mode/1up","Euprinodes rufigularis angolensis"],["21743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis rufogularis brauni","Stresemann, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola (Cuanza Sul escarpment)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-702D964C",null,null,"Roga Congulu, Amboim, Angola.","Apalis rufogularis brauni subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0152-0157.pdf#page=5","Apalis rufogularis brauni"],["21744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis rufogularis kigezi","Keith, Twomey & Friedmann, 1967","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 87, no.9 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Uganda (Bwindi-Impenetrable Forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD880E06",null,null,"Impenetrable Forest, Kigezi, Uganda; altitude 5,000 feet.","A new subspecies of Apalis rufogularis (Fraser) from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/217/mode/1up","Apalis rufogularis kigezi"],["21745","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis argentea","Moreau, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.47","Kungwe Apalis","Kungwe Apalis","Kungwe Apalis",null,null,"patchy in submontane to montane primary forest, forest edge and bamboo thickets, dry forest, and secondary growth, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Rwanda, Burundi, and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713779","kunapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kunapa1","avibase-D20B632B",null,null,"forest above Ujamba, Mt. Kungwe (= Nkungwe), western Tanganyika.","New Races of Pink-footed Puff-back and Brown-chested Alethe and a new Species of Bush-Warbler from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/75/mode/1up","Apalis argentea"],["21746","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis bamendae","Bannerman, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.131","Bamenda Apalis","Bamenda Apalis","Bamenda Apalis",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane gallery forest in wooded savanna, thickets, and wooded orchards, in southeastern Nigeria, southwestern and central Cameroon, and possibly far western Central African Republic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713788","bamapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bamapa1","avibase-C3B16DBB",null,null,"between Bemba (= Bamenda) and Chang ( = Dschang), Cameroon Highlands; altitude 5,000 feet.","Short account of results of Mr. G. L. Bates's Expedition in the Western Cameroon-Nigerian Highlands, with description of four new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/353/mode/1up","Apalis bamendae"],["21747","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis goslingi","Alexander, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.89","Gosling's Apalis","Gosling's Apalis","Gosling's Apalis",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland forest along rivers, forest edge, and secondary growth, from southern Cameroon and mainland Equatorial Guinea eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and disjunctly northeastern Angola and adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713792","gosapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gosapa1","avibase-3D6CB174",null,null,"Guruba (= Gurba) River, Uele district, Belgian Congo.","Exhibition of eight new species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/115/mode/1up","Apalis goslingi"],["21748","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis kaboboensis","Prigogine, 1955","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 51 p.240","Kabobo Apalis","Kabobo Apalis","Kabobo Apalis",null,null,"submontane and montane forest canopy in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mt. Kabobo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713801","chtapa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtapa2","avibase-3454B218",null,null,"Mt. Kabobo, north of Albertville, Belgian Congo, lat. 5° 8' S., long. 29° 2' E.; altitude 1,660 meters.","Une nouvelle Fauvette du genre Apalis du Congo belge.",null,"Apalis kaboboensis"],["21749","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis porphyrolaema","Reichenow & Neumann, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.75","Chestnut-throated Apalis","Chestnut-throated Apalis","Chestnut-throated Apalis",null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward through southwestern Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713796","chtapa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtapa3","avibase-E8F03B18",null,null,"Eldoma (= Eldama), Mau, Kenya.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/91/mode/1up","Apalis porphyrolaema"],["21750","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chapini","Friedmann, 1928","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.47","Chapin's Apalis","Chapin's Apalis","Chapin's Apalis",null,null,"montane forest of central and southern Tanzania, northeastern Zambia, and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713806","chaapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chaapa1","avibase-6687AA29",null,null,"Nyingwa, Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika; altitude 8,000 feet.","Two new Birds from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Apalis chapini"],["21751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chapini chapini","Friedmann, 1928","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E22A884E",null,null,"Nyingwa, Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika; altitude 8,000 feet.","Two new Birds from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Apalis chapini"],["21752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chapini strausae","Boulton, 1931","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 21, no.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania to northeastern Zambia and western Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C56BB79",null,null,"Mt. Rungwe, Tanganyika; altitude 5,650 feet.","New species and subspecies of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/81/mode/1up","Apalis bamendae strausae"],["21753","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.56","Black-headed Apalis","Black-headed Apalis","Black-headed Apalis",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, riverine woodland, and coastal scrub, from southern Somalia, central and eastern Kenya, and eastern Tanzania, and southward to Malawi, far eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713811","blhapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhapa1","avibase-4FE76868",null,null,"Pangani, coastal Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/68/mode/1up","Burnesia melanocephala"],["21754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala nigrodorsalis","Granvik, 1923","Journal für Ornithologie 71, spec. no. p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79C5C02E",null,null,"Kiambu, near Nairobi, Kenya.","Contributions to the knowledge of the East African ornithology. Birds collected by the Swedish Mount Elgon Expedition 1920.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34275#page/256/mode/1up","Apalis melanocephala nigrodorsalis"],["21755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala moschi","Van Someren, 1931","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 9 (37) (1930) p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya (Taita Hills) and highlands of eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC2CA731",null,null,"Moschi (= Moshi), Tanganyika.","New races of Birds from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204477#page/315/mode/1up","Apalis melanocephala moschi"],["21756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala muhuluensis","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1947","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania (Mahenge and Songea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF1A3E0",null,null,"Muhulu Forest, Mahenge district, southern Tanganyika.","New Races of a Paradise Flycatcher, Apalis and Eremomela from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/69/mode/1up","Apalis melanocephala muhuluensis"],["21757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala melanocephala","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to coastal Kenya and coastal northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D893C3B6",null,null,"Pangani, coastal Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/68/mode/1up","Burnesia melanocephala"],["21758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala lightoni","Roberts, 1938","Ostrich 9 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mozambique to southeastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38B2AA79",null,null,"Zimbiti (= Mzimbiti), near Beira, Mozambique.","Reviews and records.",null,"Apalis chirindensis lightoni"],["21759","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala fuliginosa","Vincent, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Malawi (Mulanje and Thyolo mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92776220",null,null,"Mt. Cholo, Nyasaland, lat. 16° 2' S., long. 35° 3' E.; altitude 4,200 feet.","Descriptions of four new species and eighteen new subspecies collected during the recent Portuguese East African Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/179/mode/1up","Apalis melanocephala fuliginosa"],["21760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala tenebricosa","Vincent, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mozambique (Njesi Plateau, Mount Chiperone, and Mount Namuli)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B20A4AD",null,null,"Mt. Namuli, Quelimane district, Mozambique, lat. 15° 21' S., long. 37° 4' E.; altitude 4,800 feet.","Descriptions of four new species and eighteen new subspecies collected during the recent Portuguese East African Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/179/mode/1up","Apalis melanocephala tenebricosa"],["21761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala adjacens","Clancey, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.4 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE50460C",null,null,"Njesi Plateau, about 10 miles north of Unango, Niassa, northern Mozambique, lat. 12° 45' S., long. 35° 20' E.; altitude ca. 5,000 feet.","An undescribed race of Black-headed Apalis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/131/mode/1up","Apalis melanocephala adjacens"],["21762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis melanocephala addenda","Clancey, 1968","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (13) p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD8014A1",null,null,"Mission, near Massinga, Sul do Save, Mozambique.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 26. 2. A new race of Apalis melanocephala (Fischer and Reichenow) from Sul do Save.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1857","Apalis melanocephala addenda"],["21763","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chirindensis","Shelley, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.126","Chirinda Apalis","Chirinda Apalis","Chirinda Apalis",null,null,"foothill and montane forest of eastern Zimbabwe highlands and central Mozambique",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713815","chiapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiapa1","avibase-F3D1150D",null,null,"Chirinda Forest (= Mt. Selinda), Gazaland; altitude 4,000 feet.","On two new species from Gazaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/152/mode/1up","Apalis chirindensis"],["21764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chirindensis vumbae","Roberts, 1936","Ostrich 7 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe (Nyanga highlands to Bvumba Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BE671AB",null,null,"Mt. Vumba, Southern Rhodesia.","Some interesting records of Birds from Southern Rhodesia.",null,"Apalis chirindensis vumbae"],["21765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis chirindensis chirindensis","Shelley, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mozambique (Mount Gorongoza) and adjacent eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3046937",null,null,"Chirinda Forest (= Mt. Selinda), Gazaland; altitude 4,000 feet.","On two new species from Gazaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/152/mode/1up","Apalis chirindensis"],["21766","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis cinerea","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.120","Grey Apalis","Gray Apalis","Grey Apalis",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest and secondary growth of southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and western Kenya southward to Burundi and northern Tanzania, and western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730909","gryapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryapa1","avibase-7A8A8FCF",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/152/mode/1up","Euprinodes cinereus"],["21767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis cinerea cinerea","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and northeastern Gabon; disjunctly Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Sudan to central Kenya and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9732B683",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/152/mode/1up","Euprinodes cinereus"],["21768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis cinerea sclateri","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Cameroon; Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B78B85B",null,null,"Mt. St. Ysabel (= Pico de Santa Isabel), Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/408/mode/1up","Euprinodes sclateri"],["21769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis cinerea grandis","Boulton, 1931","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 21, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-703B2C46",null,null,"Mt. Moco, Benguela district, Angola; altitude 6,600 feet.","New species and subspecies of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/80/mode/1up","Apalis cinerea grandis"],["21770","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis alticola","(Shelley, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.35","Brown-headed Apalis","Brown-headed Apalis","Brown-headed Apalis",null,null,"foothill and montane forest, and secondary growth, from northern and central Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to northern Tanzania, and southward to northern Zambia and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713825","brhapa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhapa1","avibase-D6C2BFD2",null,null,"Nyasaland = Fife, fide Shelley, 1899 (July), Ibis, pp. 365, 373 = Isoka, Zambia.","[Description of four new species of birds from Nyasa Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/555/mode/1up","Cisticola alticola"],["21771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis alticola dowsetti","Prigogine, 1973","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 87, no.3 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BCFAD8D",null,null,"Lyapenda, Marungu Mountains, Zaire, lat. 7° 28' S., long. 29° 48' E.; altitude 1,690 meters.","Nouveau nom pour Apalis alticola marungensis Prigogine (Aves, Sylviidae).",null,"Apalis alticola dowsetti"],["21772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis alticola alticola","(Shelley, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Tanzania, northern Malawi, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1318051E",null,null,"Nyasaland = Fife, fide Shelley, 1899 (July), Ibis, pp. 365, 373 = Isoka, Zambia.","[Description of four new species of birds from Nyasa Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/555/mode/1up","Cisticola alticola"],["21773","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis karamojae","(Van Someren, 1921)","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society no.16 p.25","Karamoja Apalis","Karamoja Apalis","Karamoja Apalis","2025-1134","Taxon <em>stronachi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Apalis karamojae</em> based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and behavior (Nalwanga et al. 2016; Boesman &amp; Collar 2023).","patchy in foothill savanna, acacia scrub along watercourses, and seasonally flooded plain, in northeastern Uganda (Kanatorok, in Kidepo Valley, and mts. Moroto, Kamalinga, and Kadam)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/277301637","karapa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/karapa2","avibase-174A4C00",null,null,"Mt. Kamalinga, Karamoja, Uganda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204561#page/33/mode/1up","Eupirnoides karamojae"],["21774","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Apalis stronachi","Stuart & Collar, 1985","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 105, no.3 p.86","Maasai Apalis","Maasai Apalis","Maasai Apalis","2025-1134","Taxon <em>stronachi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Apalis karamojae</em> based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and behavior (Nalwanga et al. 2016; Boesman &amp; Collar 2023).","patchy in foothill savanna, acacia scrub along watercourses, and seasonally flooded plain, in southwestern Kenya (Maasai Mara) and northern Tanzania (Serengeti)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/277302144","karapa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/karapa3","avibase-DCA0028B",null,null,"Ngongoro, 1150 m, in the Wembere Steppe, Nzega District, Tanzania","Subspeciation in the Karamoja Apalis Apalis karamojae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/314/mode/1up","Apalis karamojae stronachi"],["21775","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Orthotomus sepium [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/184/mode/1up","Orthotomus"],["21776","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.7 pl.7","Common Tailorbird","Common Tailorbird","Common Tailorbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane brushy scrub, forest edge, gardens, and mangroves, from eastern Pakistan eastward through India and Sri Lanka to southeastern China (including Hainan), southward to Malayan Peninsula, and on Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714982","comtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comtai1","avibase-AF5B727B",null,null,"by inference, Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/13/mode/1up","Motacilla sutoria"],["21777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius guzuratus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.554",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-057A4799",null,null,"Guzurat (= Gujarat), India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/94/mode/1up","Sylvia guzurata"],["21778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius patia","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"terai of Nepal to northeastern India and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F6EC81F",null,null,"Nepal; restricted to Kathmandu by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 402.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/243/mode/1up","Orthotomus Patia"],["21779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius luteus","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (northeastern Assam) to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-317795B4",null,null,"Tezu, Mishmi Hills, northeastern Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/293/mode/1up","Orthotomus sutorius luteus"],["21780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius inexpectatus","La Touche, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar, Laos, Yunnan, and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E463B2DD",null,null,"Mengtz (= Meng-tzu), southeastern Yunnan.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/448/mode/1up","Orthotomus sutorius inexpectatus"],["21781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius longicauda","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.954",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (including Hainan) and northeastern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1940491D",null,null,"Sina (= China).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/455/mode/1up","Motacilla longicauda"],["21782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius maculicollis","Moore, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.279 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to southern Malayan Peninsula and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87BF751B",null,null,"Malacca.","Descriptions of Two New Species of the Genus Orthotomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/641/mode/1up","Orthotomus maculicollis"],["21783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius edela","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.599 & texte, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BD2C4D4",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/286/mode/1up","Orthotoma edela"],["21784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius fernandonis","Whistler, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77BA78A4",null,null,"Ohiya, Ceylon; altitude 5,820 feet.","New Races of a Tailor-bird and Rose-Finch from Ceylon and the Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/45/mode/1up","Orthotomus sutorius fernandonis"],["21785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sutorius sutorius","(Pennant, 1769)","Indian Zoology p.7 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"plains and foothills of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20725ADA",null,null,"by inference, Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257318#page/13/mode/1up","Motacilla sutoria"],["21786","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus frontalis","Sharpe, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.1 p.112 pl.2 fig.1","Rufous-fronted Tailorbird","Rufous-fronted Tailorbird","Rufous-fronted Tailorbird",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714991","ruftai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftai1","avibase-06F95A32",null,null,"islands of Basilan and Mindanao, Philippines = Zamboanga, Mindanao, fide Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London., 1, Zool., p. 336; type locality inferentially restricted to Mindanao by McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., Sect. A, 2, p. 289.","A Note on the Genus Orthotomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/150/mode/1up","Orthotomus frontalis"],["21787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus frontalis frontalis","Sharpe, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.1 p.112 pl.2 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Bohol, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F0835D6",null,null,"islands of Basilan and Mindanao, Philippines = Zamboanga, Mindanao, fide Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London., 1, Zool., p. 336; type locality inferentially restricted to Mindanao by McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., Sect. A, 2, p. 289.","A Note on the Genus Orthotomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/150/mode/1up","Orthotomus frontalis"],["21788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus frontalis mearnsi","McGregor, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42C3562A",null,null,"Isabela, Basilan. Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/403/mode/1up","Orthotomus mearnsi"],["21789","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sericeus","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 text to pl.599","Rufous-tailed Tailorbird","Rufous-tailed Tailorbird","Rufous-tailed Tailorbird",null,null,"lowland forest edge, bushy cultivation, and mangroves from southern Myanmar and southern Thailand through Malayan Peninsula southward to Sumatra and eastward to Borneo, Palawan (Philippines), and associated island groups",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714997","ruttai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruttai1","avibase-D127FAAF",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/289/mode/1up","Orthotomus sericeus"],["21790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sericeus hesperius","Oberholser, 1932","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 159 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Riau and Lingga archipelagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E8C6EF5",null,null,"Linga Island, Rhio Archipelago.","The Birds of the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33309#page/99/mode/1up","Orthotomus sericeus hesperius"],["21791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sericeus sericeus","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 text to pl.599",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan group and southwestern Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines) and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9163016E",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/289/mode/1up","Orthotomus sericeus"],["21792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sericeus rubicundulus","Chasen & Kloss, 1931","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.2 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"Sirhassen Island (South Natuna Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ECD769A",null,null,"Sirhassen Island, South Natuna Islands.","Two new Malaysian subspecies of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/303/mode/1up","Orthotomus ruficeps rubicundulus"],["21793","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus chaktomuk","Mahood, John, Eames et al., 2013","Forktail 29 p.2 [1-14]","Cambodian Tailorbird","Cambodian Tailorbird","Cambodian Tailorbird",null,null,"southern Cambodia (floodplains of the Tonle Sap, Mekong, and Bassac rivers)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778254","camtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camtai1","avibase-95A9CD5E",null,null,"Bateay District, Kompong Cham province, Cambodia (11°56’53.94”N 104°56’50.94”E), c.43 km north of Phnom Penh at c.15 m elevation on 8 and 9 August 2012, by JCE and SPM","A new species of lowland tailorbird (Passeriformes: Cisticolidae: Orthotomus) from the Mekong floodplain of Cambodia","http://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/TAILORBIRD_Forktail_29pp1-14.pdf","Orthotomus chaktomuk"],["21794","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus atrogularis","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.? text","Dark-necked Tailorbird","Dark-necked Tailorbird","Dark-necked Tailorbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf forest, secondary growth, bamboo and bushy thickets, and mangroves, from northeastern India eastward to northern Vietnam and adjacent China, and southward to Sumatra, Borneo, and some related islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714985","dantai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dantai1","avibase-69618EFB",null,null,"Malacca and Borneo; restricted to Malacca by Chasen and Kloss, 1929, Journ. Ornith., Ergänzungsband, pt. 2, p. 120.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/288/mode/1up","Orthotomus atrogularis"],["21795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus atrogularis nitidus","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.507-508",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam) to Myanmar, southern China, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7732DCC9",null,null,"Tenasserim; restricted to 'northern half of the province by Hume, 1875, Stray Feathers, 3, p. 325; types from Pahpoon, Kyouknyat, and Thayetchaun, fide Walden, 1875, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 44, pt. 2, extra no., p. 121; specimens from Kyauknyat and Papun, Salween District, and from Tavoy and Thayetchaung, Tavoy District, fide Hume and Davison, 1878, Stray Feathers, 6, p. 345.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/531/mode/1up","Orthotomus nitidus"],["21796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus atrogularis atrogularis","Temminck, 1836","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.? text",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung islands, and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB39FE07",null,null,"Malacca and Borneo; restricted to Malacca by Chasen and Kloss, 1929, Journ. Ornith., Ergänzungsband, pt. 2, p. 120.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/288/mode/1up","Orthotomus atrogularis"],["21797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus atrogularis major","Chasen & Kloss, 1928","Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 6 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Tioman, Natuna, and Anambas islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D7044C3",null,null,"Siantan Island, Anambas Group [Indonesia]","On a collection of Birds from the Anamba Islands, South China Seas.",null,"Orthotomus atrigularis major"],["21798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus atrogularis humphreysi","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3382190",null,null,"Betottan, near Sandakan, British North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Orthotomus atrogularis humphreysi"],["21799","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sepium","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.166","Olive-backed Tailorbird","Olive-backed Tailorbird","Olive-backed Tailorbird",null,null,"Java to western Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715003","olbtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbtai1","avibase-57FE408F",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Bogor, western Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/185/mode/1up","Orthotomus sepium"],["21800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sepium sundaicus","Hoogerwerf, 1962","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 82, no.8 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Panaitan Island (off western Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2288322D",null,null,"Legon Lintah and Tjikantijana, Princes (= Panaitan) Island, western Java.","Ornithological notes on the Sunda Strait area and the Karimundjawa, Bawean and Kangean Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126998#page/181/mode/1up","Orthotomus sepium sundaicus"],["21801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus sepium sepium","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Java, Bali, Madura, and Lombok",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A051692D",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Bogor, western Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/185/mode/1up","Orthotomus sepium"],["21802","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.309","Ashy Tailorbird","Ashy Tailorbird","Ashy Tailorbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill coastal forest, secondary growth, bamboo thickets, mangroves, and coastal scrub, from southern Myanmar, southern Vietnam, and adjacent Cambodia, southward through Malayan Peninsula to Greater Sundas and associated islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715000","ashtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashtai1","avibase-6C405431",null,null,"cote nord-ouest de la Nouvelle-Hollande; corrected to Java by Lesson, 1832, Centurie Zool., p. 212, and restricted to the region of Surabaya, eastern Java, by Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 97; incorrectly changed to Sumatra by Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 349, and to Malacca by Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 159, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/347/mode/1up","Edela ruficeps"],["21803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps cineraceus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.589-590",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung islands (east of Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71DC9D6F",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/135/mode/1up","Orthotomus cineraceus"],["21804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps germaini","Fuchs & Zuccon, 2018","Avian Research 9(31)FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam and southeastern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B0CEF6F",null,null,"‘Cochinchina’, corresponding now to southern Vietnam by Louis Rodolphe Germain on the 21 April 1865","On the genetic distinctiveness of tailorbirds (Cisticolidae: Orthotomus) from the South-east Asian mainland with the description of a new subspecies","https://avianres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40657-018-0123-8","Orthotomus ruficeps germaini"],["21805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps baeus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias and Pagai islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6559CD00",null,null,"Siaba Bay, Nias Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/131/mode/1up","Orthotomus cineraceus baeus"],["21806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps concinnus","Riley, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.20 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Siberut and Sipura islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32B8C817",null,null,"Sipora (= Sipura) Island, Mentawai Islands.","Spolia Mentawiensia - Three new birds from the Mentawi Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/122/mode/1up","Orthotomus sepium concinnus"],["21807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps ruficeps","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mangroves of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8EB0DCF",null,null,"cote nord-ouest de la Nouvelle-Hollande; corrected to Java by Lesson, 1832, Centurie Zool., p. 212, and restricted to the region of Surabaya, eastern Java, by Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 97; incorrectly changed to Sumatra by Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 349, and to Malacca by Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 159, p. 88.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/347/mode/1up","Edela ruficeps"],["21808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps palliolatus","Chasen & Kloss, 1932","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 7 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean and Karimunjawa islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A317639",null,null,"Karimon Java (= Karimundjawa) Island, Java Sea.","Three new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328493/em-three-new-malaysian-em-birds","Orthotomus sepium palliolatus"],["21809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps baweanus","Hoogerwerf, 1962","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 82, no.8 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Bawean Island (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD1EEACD",null,null,"Tandjong Alang-Alang and Muara, Bawean Island, Java Sea.","Further notes on the Ashy Tailor Bird, formerly known as Orthotomus ruficeps (Lesson) and Orthotomus cineraceus Blyth.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126998#page/186/mode/1up","Orthotomus sepium baweanus"],["21810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps borneoensis","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.5 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACBC2D42",null,null,"Sarawak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94506#page/327/mode/1up","Orthotomus borneoensis"],["21811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus ruficeps cagayanensis","Riley, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48, no.29 p.147-148",null,null,null,null,null,"Mapun (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76B229A7",null,null,"Cagayan Sulu Island, Philippine Islands.","Three new forms of Birds from the Philippine Islands and Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/175/mode/1up","Orthotomus cineraceus cagayanensis"],["21812","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus castaneiceps","Walden, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.58 p.252","Visayan Tailorbird","Visayan Tailorbird","Chestnut-crowned Tailorbird",null,null,"West Visayas (west-central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778504","phitai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phitai1","avibase-DADD146F",null,null,"Guimaras.","XXXVIII. On two new Species of Birds from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/266/mode/1up","Orthotomus castaneiceps"],["21813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus castaneiceps castaneiceps","Walden, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.58 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Philippines (Panay, Masbate, Guimaras, Bantayan, Calagna-an, and Ticao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1D37D0A",null,null,"Guimaras.","XXXVIII. On two new Species of Birds from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/266/mode/1up","Orthotomus castaneiceps"],["21814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus castaneiceps rabori","Parkes, 1961","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Philippines (Negros and Cebu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8599B42",null,null,"Lake Balinsasayo, Negros Island, Philippines.","A substitute name for a Philippine Tailor-bird","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/59/mode/1up","Orthotomus atrogularis rabori"],["21815","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus chloronotus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.2","Green-backed Tailorbird","Green-backed Tailorbird","Green-backed Tailorbird",null,null,"northern and central Luzon (Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778615","gnbtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbtai1","avibase-8E1757E6",null,null,"Cape Engaño, northeastern Luzon.","On new species of birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/296/mode/1up","Orthotomus chloronotus"],["21816","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus derbianus","Moore, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.279 p.309 pl.76","Grey-backed Tailorbird","Gray-backed Tailorbird","Grey-backed Tailorbird",null,null,"Luzon group (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714994","gybtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybtai1","avibase-CF23E48F",null,null,"Philippines.","Descriptions of Two New Species of the Genus Orthotomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/641/mode/1up","Orthotomus derbianus"],["21817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus derbianus derbianus","Moore, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.279 p.309 pl.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-892FE61D",null,null,"Philippines.","Descriptions of Two New Species of the Genus Orthotomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/641/mode/1up","Orthotomus derbianus"],["21818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus derbianus nilesi","Parkes, 1988","Nemouria 30 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Catanduanes (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9E85DAF",null,null,"Bate, Bato, Catanduanes, Philippines, altitude 200’, 20 July 1979","Three new subspecies of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173022#page/242/mode/1up","Orthotomus derbianus nilesi"],["21819","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus samarensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.20","Yellow-breasted Tailorbird","Yellow-breasted Tailorbird","Yellow-breasted Tailorbird",null,null,"east-central Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, and Samar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715006","yebtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtai1","avibase-E669B7A2",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/24/mode/1up","Orthotomus Samarensis"],["21820","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus cinereiceps","Sharpe, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.1 p.113","White-eared Tailorbird","White-eared Tailorbird","White-eared Tailorbird",null,null,"Mindanao group (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715012","whetai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whetai1","avibase-F3513134",null,null,"island of Basilan, Philippines.","A Note on the Genus Orthotomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/151/mode/1up","Orthotomus cinereiceps"],["21821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus cinereiceps obscurior","Mayr, 1947","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37, no.4 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFF2B0ED",null,null,"Catagan, Mindanao, Philippines; altitude 1,100 feet.","Notes on Tailorbirds (Orthotomus) from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/658/mode/1up","Orthotomus cinereiceps obscurior"],["21822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus cinereiceps cinereiceps","Sharpe, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3721EEB",null,null,"island of Basilan, Philippines.","A Note on the Genus Orthotomus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/151/mode/1up","Orthotomus cinereiceps"],["21823","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus nigriceps","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.828 pl.85","Black-headed Tailorbird","White-browed Tailorbird","Black-headed Tailorbird",null,null,"eastern Mindanao group (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715009","whbtai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtai1","avibase-DD80D268",null,null,"Butuan, Philippines.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. III. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/562/mode/1up","Orthotomus nigriceps"],["21824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus nigriceps nigriceps","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.828 pl.85",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (eastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A95FA98D",null,null,"Butuan, Philippines.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. III. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/562/mode/1up","Orthotomus nigriceps"],["21825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Orthotomus nigriceps luminosus","Halley, 2022","Journal of Asian Ornithology 38 p.123 [119-124]",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Philippines (Dinagat and Siargao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C9237A5",null,null,"disturbed lowland forest at Sitio Balitbiton, Loreto, Dinagat Islands, on 14 April 1972 by Quintin M. Bautista, Jr and his crew (see duPont & Rabor 1973: 4) .","A new subspecies of Black-headed Tailorbird Orthotomus nigriceps (Cisticolidae) and clarification of age-related plumage sequences","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366275460","Orthotomus nigriceps luminosus"],["21826","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Prinia familiaris [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/184/mode/1up","Prinia"],["21827","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia familiaris","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.165","Bar-winged Prinia","Bar-winged Prinia","Bar-winged Prinia",null,null,"Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713598","bawpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawpri1","avibase-49F183EA",null,null,"Java; restricted to Besoeki (= Besuke) Province by Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 354.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/184/mode/1up","Prinia familiaris"],["21828","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hodgsonii","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.376","Grey-breasted Prinia","Gray-breasted Prinia","Grey-breasted Prinia",null,null,"lowland to foothill riverine thickets, scrub in open forest, overgrown gardens, and mangroves, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to northern Vietnam and adjacent China, and southward to Peninsular India and Sri Lanka, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713587","gybpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybpri1","avibase-C29B19D7",null,null,"No locality in description. Restricted to Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh by Ticehurst & Whistler, Ibis 1939: 763 (ref. Praveen, pers. comm.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/566/mode/1up","Pr[inia] Hodgsonii"],["21829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hodgsonii rufula","Godwin-Austen, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Kashmir to Assam, southwestern China (northwestern Yunnan), and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F69D10B",null,null,"Naga Hills, Khasi Hills, Manipur.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/95/mode/1up","Prinia rufula"],["21830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hodgsonii confusa","Deignan, 1942","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103, no.3 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Sichuan and western Yunnan) to northeastern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78F39248",null,null,"Mengtze (= Meng-tzu), southeastern Yunnan.","A revision of the Indo-Chinese forms of the avian genus Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36094#page/406/mode/1up","Prinia hodgsonii confusa"],["21831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hodgsonii hodgsonii","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"India to western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAB52583",null,null,"No locality in description. Restricted to Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh by Ticehurst & Whistler, Ibis 1939: 763 (ref. Praveen, pers. comm.).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/566/mode/1up","Pr[inia] Hodgsonii"],["21832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hodgsonii erro","Deignan, 1942","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103, no.3 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar (Shan States) to Thailand and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAA71173",null,null,"Chiengmai (= Chiang Mai), northern Siam; altitude 1,000 feet.","A revision of the Indo-Chinese forms of the avian genus Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36094#page/406/mode/1up","Prinia hodgsonii erro"],["21833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hodgsonii albogularis","Walden, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.27 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Peninsular India (Eastern Ghats to southern Karnataka and Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECF1CB53",null,null,"Coorg, Karnataka.","XXII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from Southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/233/mode/1up","Prinia albogularis"],["21834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hodgsonii pectoralis","Legge, 1874","The Ceylon Blue Book p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A00CBBE3",null,null,"Hambantota district, Ceylon. Preoccupied by Malcorus [ = Prinia] pectoralis A. Smith, 1829.",null,null,"Prinia pectoralis"],["21835","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia cinereocapilla","Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.322","Grey-crowned Prinia","Gray-crowned Prinia","Grey-crowned Prinia",null,null,"Himalayan foothills of northern India (Kashmir to Bhutan and southern Assam)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713578","gycpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycpri1","avibase-4FF9ECC8",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/358/mode/1up","Prinia cinereocapilla"],["21836","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufescens","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.456","Rufescent Prinia","Rufescent Prinia","Rufescent Prinia",null,null,"foothill to submontane tall grassland, grassy clearings in forest, cultivation, and scrubby gardens, from northeastern India, Bhutan, and south-central China, southward through southeastern Asia to Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713584","rufpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufpri1","avibase-892900C9",null,null,"Arracan [= Arakan], Burma.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/512/mode/1up","Pr[inia] rufescens"],["21837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufescens rufescens","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, southern China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1F285D1",null,null,"Arracan [= Arakan], Burma.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/512/mode/1up","Pr[inia] rufescens"],["21838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufescens beavani","Walden, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.3 p.551",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to southwestern Thailand and northern Indochina (Laos and Vietnam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30260CB9",null,null,"Schouay Goon = Shwegun, Salween river, Tenasserim.","Notes on Birds collected in Tenasserim and in the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/659/mode/1up","Prinia beavani"],["21839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufescens dalatensis","(Riley, 1940)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.18 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C74667A",null,null,"Fimnon (= Fimnom), southern Annam; altitude 3,000 feet.","Three new forms of Birds from south Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/99/mode/1up","Franklinia rufescens dalatensis"],["21840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufescens objurgans","Deignan, 1942","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103, no.3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82B92736",null,null,"Siracha, southeastern Siam (= Ban Si Racha, Chor Buri Province, Thailand).","A revision of the Indo-Chinese forms of the avian genus Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36094#page/403/mode/1up","Prinia rufescens objurgans"],["21841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufescens peninsularis","Deignan, 1942","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103, no.3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand (Isthmus of Kra to Trang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B7765E3",null,null,"Trang, peninsular Siam.","A revision of the Indo-Chinese forms of the avian genus Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36094#page/403/mode/1up","Prinia rufescens peninsularis"],["21842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufescens extrema","Deignan, 1942","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103, no.3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B5A4F92",null,null,"Bangna:ra, peninsular Siam = Narathiwat, lat. 6° 25' N., long. 101° 50' E., Pattani Province, Thailand, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 221, p. 448.","A revision of the Indo-Chinese forms of the avian genus Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36094#page/403/mode/1up","Prinia rufescens extrema"],["21843","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia lepida","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.376-377","Delicate Prinia","Delicate Prinia",null,"2025-0487","The <em>Prinia gracilis</em> complex is split into two species, <em>P. gracilis</em> and <em>P. lepida</em>, based on Alström et al. (2021a). Mitochondrial DNA and vocalizations support species recognition for<em> P. lepida</em>, corroborated by analysis of plumage, proportions, and size.","southeastern Türkiye (possibly to adjacent parts of Syria), Iraq, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, northern Oman, through southern Iran, southern Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, and southern Nepal to Bangladesh and northeastern India",null,null,null,"delpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/delpri1","avibase-8C3D3992",null,null,"Indus Territories = Scinde (i. e., Sind) fide Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 579.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/566/mode/1up","P[rinia] lepida"],["21844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia lepida akyildizi","Watson, 1961","Postilla 52 p.2-4",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Türkiye (Antalya to Adana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BB6B36A",null,null,"Antalya, Turkey. Here corrected to akyildizi.","Aegean bird notes. I. Descriptions of new subspecies from Turkey.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43781#page/6/mode/1up","Prinia gracilis akyildzi"],["21845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia lepida carpenteri","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1953","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 105 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9FE4DE7",null,null,"Whatayah, near Muscat, Oman, southeastern Arabia.","Birds of Oman and Muscat.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064470","Prinia gracilis carpenteri"],["21846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia lepida lepida","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.376-377",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Syria, Iraq, and southwestern Iran to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3487416D",null,null,"Indus Territories = Scinde (i. e., Sind) fide Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 579.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/566/mode/1up","P[rinia] lepida"],["21847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia lepida stevensi","Hartert, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nepal to northeastern India (Assam and Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-678B9702",null,null,"northern Lakhimpur, upper Assam.","Exhibition of a new subspecies from Upper Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/538/mode/1up","Prinia gracilis stevensi"],["21848","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.34","Graceful Prinia","Graceful Prinia",null,"2025-0487","The <em>Prinia gracilis</em> complex is split into two species, <em>P. gracilis</em> and <em>P. lepida</em>, based on Alström et al. (2021a). Mitochondrial DNA and vocalizations support species recognition for<em> P. lepida</em>, corroborated by analysis of plumage, proportions, and size.","lowland arid shrub, riparian scrub, and reedbeds of the Middle East and Arabian Peninsula from Sinai (Egypt) and western Israel southward through northeastern and western Saudi Arabia, to Yemen and southern Oman, and in Africa from northern Egypt southward along the River Nile to southern Sudan, and along the Red Sea coast from Eritrea to Somalia",null,null,null,"grapri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grapri1","avibase-0FB5894F",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/54/mode/1up","S[ylvia] gracilis"],["21849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis natronensis","Nicoll, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Egypt (Wadi el Natrun)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A73130BC",null,null,"Wadi el Natron (= Natrun), Lower Egypt.","Exhibition and descriptions of two new birds from Egypt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/353/mode/1up","Prinia gracilis natronensis"],["21850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis deltae","Reichenow, 1904","Journal für Ornithologie 52, no.2 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (Nile Delta) to Sinai and western Israel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A768BFD7",null,null,"Alexandria, Nile delta.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101586#page/319/mode/1up","Prinia gracilis deltae"],["21851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis gracilis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Cairo (northern Egypt) to northeastern and central Sudan and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC280F3D",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/54/mode/1up","S[ylvia] gracilis"],["21852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis ashi","Alström, Rasmussen, Xia et al., 2021","The Auk 138, no.2 p.9 [1-23]",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Somalia (coast from ca. 2° to 3°30'N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0892297",null,null,"Mallable, Somalia, 2°12'N, 45°37'E, J. S. Ash","Morphology, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Graceful Prinia is two species","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/138/2/ukab014/6255519","Prinia gracilis ashi"],["21853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis yemenensis","Hartert, 1909","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and southern Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B34305E2",null,null,"Scheik Osman (= Shaykh 'Uthman), near Aden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/695/mode/1up","Prinia gracilis yemenensis"],["21854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis hufufae","Ticehurst & Cheesman, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Saudi Arabia (Hufuf Oasis) and Bahrain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-427969AA",null,null,"Hufuf, Hasa Province, central (= eastern) Arabia.","Descriptions of new races from Central Arabia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/47/mode/1up","Prinia gracilis hufufae"],["21855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia gracilis palaestinae","Zedlitz, 1911","Journal für Ornithologie 59, no.4 p.610",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Syria to northwestern Saudi Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-895E54D8",null,null,"El Mezra (= Mazra) on the Dead Sea.","Nachtrag zu „Meine ornithologische Ausbeute in Nordost-Afrika”","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43503#page/630/mode/1up","P[rinia] g[racilis] palästinae"],["21856","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia socialis","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.89","Ashy Prinia","Ashy Prinia","Ashy Prinia",null,null,"lowland to foothill scrubby grassland, Lantana thickets, brushy edges to cultivation, reedbeds, and plantations, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to northeastern India, and southward to Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, and eastern Bangladesh",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713604","ashpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashpri1","avibase-0E6F19BB",null,null,"Dukhun = Deccan, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/293/mode/1up","Prinia socialis"],["21857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia socialis stewarti","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.455",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan (upper Indus River) to Nepal and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90BB3796",null,null,"near Agra.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/511/mode/1up","Pr[inia] Stewarti"],["21858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia socialis inglisi","Whistler, 1933","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 p.574",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97353229",null,null,"Bhutan Duars (Mandelli).","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part V.","https://ia801309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalof363431361936bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalof363431361936bomb&server=ia801309.us.archive.org&page=n151_w444","Prinia socialis inglisi"],["21859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia socialis socialis","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EF12A9C",null,null,"Dukhun = Deccan, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/293/mode/1up","Prinia socialis"],["21860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia socialis brevicauda","Legge, 1879","A history of the birds of Ceylon p.521",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D30D88F4",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113910#page/629/mode/1up","P[rinia] brevicauda"],["21861","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris","(Delessert, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.101","Yellow-bellied Prinia","Yellow-bellied Prinia",null,"2025-0481","Taxon <em>sonitans </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Prinia flaviventris</em> pending further investigation. Although Nilsson (2014) argued to split <em>sonitans </em>based on mitochondrial DNA and vocal differences, patterns of plumage, vocal, and genetic variation in <em>P. flaviventris</em> are complex, and geographic limits poorly defined.","eastern Pakistan (along the Indus River and its tributaries) eastward through the northern Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, southern China and Taiwan, and southward to southeastern Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra including Nias, Borneo, and Java",null,null,null,"yebpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebpri1","avibase-3673189E",null,null,"'Bottan ou Boutan, au nord du Bengale' = Bhutan.","New races of Assam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/111/mode/1up","Orthotomus flaviventris"],["21862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris sindiana","Ticehurst, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan (Indus River system) to northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D5161EB",null,null,"Sukkur, Sind.","Description of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/425/mode/1up","Prinia flaviventris sindianus"],["21863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris flaviventris","(Delessert, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Bhutan, northeastern India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25324599",null,null,"'Bottan ou Boutan, au nord du Bengale' = Bhutan.","New races of Assam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/111/mode/1up","Orthotomus flaviventris"],["21864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris sonitans","Swinhoe, 1860","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (northern Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian), Hainan, and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D5A3CB1",null,null,"Amoy (= Hsiamen), China.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/78/mode/1up","Prinia sonitans"],["21865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris delacouri","Deignan, 1942","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103, no.3 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to central Thailand and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C0C8D31",null,null,"Chiengmai (= Chiang Mai), northern Siam; altitude 1,000 feet.","A revision of the Indo-Chinese forms of the avian genus Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36094#page/409/mode/1up","Prinia flaviventris delacouri"],["21866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris rafflesi","Tweeddale, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.3 p.311-312, pl. VI, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B97E0016",null,null,"Lampong (= Lampung) district, southeastern Sumatra.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. E. C. Buxton in the District of Lampong, S.E. Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/353/mode/1up","Prinia rafflesi"],["21867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris halistona","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FE96687",null,null,"Teliwaa, Nias Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/131/mode/1up","Burnesia dysancrita halistona"],["21868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flaviventris latrunculus","(Finsch, 1905)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 26 no.1&2 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB122F52",null,null,"upper Kapuas River, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37357#page/136/mode/1up","Orthotomus latrunculus"],["21869","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia superciliaris","(Anderson, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.212-213","Hill Prinia","Hill Prinia","Hill Prinia",null,null,"lowland to montane scrub, cultivation, grassy areas, undergrowth in dry woodland, and montane elfin forest, from northern Myanmar eastward to southeastern China, and southward through southeastern Asia to western Sumatra; some downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776986","hilpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hilpri2","avibase-9F434A62",null,null,"Momien (= T'eng-ch'ung), Yunnan; altitude ca. 5,000 feet.","On eight new Species of Birds from Western Yunan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/260/mode/1up","Saya superciliaris"],["21870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia superciliaris erythropleura","(Walden, 1875)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 44, suppl., pt.2 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (Southern Shan State, Kayah, and Tenasserim) to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A50FF94E",null,null,"Tonghoo ( = Toungoo, Toungoo District, Pegu Division, Burma).","Catalogue of the Mammals and Birds of Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119069#page/152/mode/1up","S[uya] erythropleura"],["21871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia superciliaris superciliaris","(Anderson, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.212-213",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of eastern Myanmar to southern China (Yunnan), northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DFB4017",null,null,"Momien (= T'eng-ch'ung), Yunnan; altitude ca. 5,000 feet.","On eight new Species of Birds from Western Yunan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/260/mode/1up","Saya superciliaris"],["21872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia superciliaris klossi","(Hachisuka, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"high plateaus of southern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-575EAD84",null,null,"Da Lat, southern Annam; altitude 4,500 feet.","Description of fifteen new forms from the Oriental Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/87/mode/1up","Suya superciliaris klossi"],["21873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia superciliaris waterstradti","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.568-569",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Tahan, southern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B3AFA62",null,null,"Gunong Tahan, eastern Malay Peninsula; altitude 5,000-7,000 feet.","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/634/mode/1up","Suya waterstradti"],["21874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia superciliaris dysancrita","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C460F07",null,null,"Loh Sidoh Bay, northwestern Sumatra.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/131/mode/1up","Burnesia dysancrita"],["21875","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia atrogularis","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.xviii,326","Black-throated Prinia","Black-throated Prinia","Black-throated Prinia","2025-0480","Taxon <em>khasiana </em>is split from <em>Prinia atrogularis</em> based on obvious differences in plumage, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (Groot 2021).","eastern Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, and Arunachal Pradesh",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776661","hilpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hilpri1","avibase-9A72741D",null,null,"Darjeeling and Nepal. Type from Darjeeling, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 181.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/362/mode/1up","Suya atrogularis"],["21876","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia khasiana","(Godwin-Austen, 1876)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.18, no.107 p.412","Rufous-crowned Prinia","Rufous-crowned Prinia","Rufous-crowned Prinia","2025-0480","Taxon <em>khasiana </em>is split from <em>Prinia atrogularis</em> based on obvious differences in plumage, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (Groot 2021).","northeastern India (Assam) to Bangladesh, western Myanmar, and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103777078","bktpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktpri2","avibase-0BF01CE3",null,null,"Khasi Hills, south of the Brahmaputra River, Assam.","XXXVIII. Descriptions of supposed new Birds from the Khási-Nágá Hill-ranges south of the Brahmaputra River, Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54081#page/426/mode/1up","Suya khasiana"],["21877","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia sylvatica","Jerdon, 1840","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.26 p.4","Jungle Prinia","Jungle Prinia","Jungle Prinia",null,null,"dry scrub, semiarid grassland, rocky hillsides and ravines, thorn scrub, euphorbia scrub and cultivated fields from southern Kashmir (northwestern India) and far southwestern Nepal and southern West Bengal southwards through India to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713595","junpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/junpri1","avibase-7939B436",null,null,"Segoor Pass of the Neilgherries (= Nilgiris).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/20/mode/1up","Prinia sylvatica"],["21878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia sylvatica insignis","(Hume, 1872)","Stray Feathers 1, no.1 p.10-11",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (Rann of Kutch and Gujarat to western Rajasthan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4FD96CF",null,null,"Saugor (= Sagar), Mt. Aboo (= Abu), and Raipoor (= Raipur); here restricted to Mt. Abu, Sirohi, southernmost Rajasthan.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/26/mode/1up","Drymoipus Insignis"],["21879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia sylvatica gangetica","(Blyth, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"terai of Nepal to northern India and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F68C8716",null,null,"upper Ganges.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/41/mode/1up","Suya gangetica"],["21880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia sylvatica mahendrae","Koelz, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Odisha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAD3B93A",null,null,"Mahendra Giri, Orissa.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/94/mode/1up","Prinia sylvatica mahendrae"],["21881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia sylvatica sylvatica","Jerdon, 1840","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.26 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India (north to Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C83898BB",null,null,"Segoor Pass of the Neilgherries (= Nilgiris).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/20/mode/1up","Prinia sylvatica"],["21882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia sylvatica valida","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AA26439",null,null,"Ceylon (cf. Mayr et al. 1986)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/228/mode/1up","Drymoica valida"],["21883","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia striata","Swinhoe, 1859","Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1 p.227","Striped Prinia","Striped Prinia",null,"2025-0486","Treatment of the <em>Prinia crinigera-P. polychroa</em> complex follows Alström et al. (2020) based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, morphology including plumage, and vocalizations. Genomic data may reveal further novel arrangements within this group.","foothill to submontane grassy slopes, rocky ravines, and rank grass edging to cultivation and villages, in southeastern China and Taiwan",null,null,null,"strpri8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strpri8","avibase-76B7FC0A",null,null,"Hongsan, northwestern Formosa.",null,null,"Prinia striata"],["21884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia striata catharia","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, and eastern Yunnan eastward to Hunan and northern Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-929A31E6",null,null,"Ta-tsieng-lu-ting (= K'ang-ting), Szechwan.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/29/mode/1up","Prinia catharia"],["21885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia striata parumstriata","(David & Oustalet, 1877)","Les oiseaux de la Chine p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern China and Yangtze River drainage",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DF1C73C",null,null,"Fukien, China.",null,null,"Suya parumstriata"],["21886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia striata striata","Swinhoe, 1859","Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0EAA082",null,null,"Hongsan, northwestern Formosa.",null,null,"Prinia striata"],["21887","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia polychroa","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.78, vol.3 pl.466 fig.3","Brown Prinia","Brown Prinia",null,"2025-0486","Treatment of the <em>Prinia crinigera-P. polychroa</em> complex follows Alström et al. (2020) based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, morphology including plumage, and vocalizations. Genomic data may reveal further novel arrangements within this group.","disjunctly in lowland to foothill dry scrubby grassland, and forest-edge undergrowth, from northern Thailand (and adjacent Myanmar?) southward to Cambodia, and on Java; introduced on Bali",null,null,null,"bropri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bropri1","avibase-E6FA239A",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/280/mode/1up","Malurus polychrous"],["21888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia polychroa polychroa","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.78, vol.3 pl.466 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21D67EFA",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/280/mode/1up","Malurus polychrous"],["21889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia polychroa deignani","Alström, Rasmussen, Sangster et al., 2020","Ibis vol.162, no.3 p.936-967",null,null,null,null,null,"Thailand, southwestern Laos, and northwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BDB142D",null,null,"Siam: Kamphaeng Phet; Ban Khlong Khlung (c. 16.18°N, 99.72°E); H. G. Deignan #1683, 24 April 1953.","Multiple species within the Striated Prinia Prinia crinigera-Brown Prinia P. polychroa complex revealed through an integrative taxonomic approach","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333833502","Prinia polychroa deignani"],["21890","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia crinigera","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.183","Himalayan Prinia","Himalayan Prinia",null,"2025-0486","Treatment of the <em>Prinia crinigera-P. polychroa</em> complex follows Alström et al. (2020) based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, morphology including plumage, and vocalizations. Genomic data may reveal further novel arrangements within this group.","foothill to montane grassy or rocky ravines, brushy slopes, and clearings in forest from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to southern Pakistan and western Myanmar; moves downslope post-breeding",null,null,null,"strpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strpri2","avibase-FD81168B",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/233/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus (Prinia or Suya) criniger"],["21891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia crinigera striatula","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1, no.2, 3 & 4, A new Genus of the Malurinæ - Blanfordius p.300-301",null,null,null,null,null,"western Pakistan, south of the Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B8E32E0",null,null,"Kurrachee = Karachi, Sind.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/322/mode/1up","Blanfordius striatulus"],["21892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia crinigera crinigera","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan (and adjacent northeastern Afghanistan?) eastward to Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67F108E9",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/233/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus (Prinia or Suya) criniger"],["21893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia crinigera yunnanensis","(Harington, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam), northern Myanmar, and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-652DA52C",null,null,"Yunnan [China]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/138/mode/1up","Suya crinigera yunnanensis"],["21894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia crinigera bangsi","(La Touche, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5813522",null,null,"Mengtsz (= Meng-tzu), southeastern Yunnan; altitude 4,000 ft.","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/275/mode/1up","Suya crinigera bangsi"],["21895","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia cooki","(Harington, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.109","Burmese Prinia","Burmese Prinia",null,"2025-0486","Treatment of the <em>Prinia crinigera-P. polychroa</em> complex follows Alström et al. (2020) based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, morphology including plumage, and vocalizations. Genomic data may reveal further novel arrangements within this group.","central Myanmar",null,null,null,"brnpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnpri2","avibase-DCC58CA1",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Rega district, Burma.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/137/mode/1up","Suya crinigera cooki"],["21896","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rocki","Deignan, 1957","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.2 p.24","Annam Prinia","Annam Prinia",null,"2025-0486","Treatment of the <em>Prinia crinigera-P. polychroa</em> complex follows Alström et al. (2020) based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, morphology including plumage, and vocalizations. Genomic data may reveal further novel arrangements within this group.","Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,"brnpri3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnpri3","avibase-52F282F8",null,null,"Fimnon (= Fimnom), lat. 11° 4r N., long. 108° 24' E., southern Annam.","The Races of the Longtail, Prinia polychroa (Temminck), with the description of a new race from Southern Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/46/mode/1up","Prinia polychroa rocki"],["21897","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia buchanani","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.376","Rufous-fronted Prinia","Rufous-fronted Prinia","Rufous-fronted Prinia",null,null,"thornscrub of India and Pakistan (Indus River plain)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713581","rufpri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufpri2","avibase-AC892456",null,null,"S. India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/566/mode/1up","P[rinia] Buchanani"],["21898","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia bairdii","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.327","Banded Prinia","Banded Prinia","Banded Prinia","2025-0485","Taxon <em>melanops </em>(polytypic) is retained as a subspecies of <em>Prinia bairdii</em> based on similarities in plumage and vocalizations. Montane <em>melanops</em> is similar in appearance to lowland <em>obscura </em>and the latter hybridizes with <em>bairdii </em>in a narrow contact zone (Prigogine 1979). In the absence of genetic information all three are best considered conspecific.","disjunctly in lowland to montane forest edge and clearings, and riparian scrub, of southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, and western Central African Republic, southward to northwestern Angola, and of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya, and southward to Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713647","banpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banpri1","avibase-C54D2FEE",null,null,"Moonda (= Mondah) River, Western Africa = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/350/mode/1up","Drymoica Bairdii"],["21899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia bairdii bairdii","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cabinda, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A29C068A",null,null,"Moonda (= Mondah) River, Western Africa = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/350/mode/1up","Drymoica Bairdii"],["21900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia bairdii heinrichi","Meise, 1958","Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 2 (1957) p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Angola (Cuanza Norte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1B45229",null,null,"Canzele, Cuanza Norte, Angola.","Über neue Hühner, Specht und Singvogelrassen von Angola.",null,"Prinia bairdii heinrichi"],["21901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia bairdii obscura","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE062F1C",null,null,"forest 90 kilometers west of Lake Albert Edward (= Lake Edward), Belgian Congo.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/385/mode/1up","Burnesia bairdi obscura"],["21902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia bairdii melanops","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya (west of Rift Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0563761",null,null,"Mau, Kenya.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/91/mode/1up","Burnesia melanops"],["21903","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufifrons","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.110 pl.41 fig.1","Red-fronted Prinia","Red-fronted Prinia","Red-fronted Prinia",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry savanna, and arid thorn-scrub, from eastern Chad, central Sudan, Eritrea, and northern Somalia southward to eastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713834","refwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refwar2","avibase-D8177CEC",null,null,"labeled Prinia (Sylvia) rufifrons Abyssinian coastlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/190/mode/1up","Prinia rufifrons"],["21904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufifrons rufifrons","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.110 pl.41 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Chad to northern Sudan, northeastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB167F32",null,null,"labeled Prinia (Sylvia) rufifrons Abyssinian coastlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/190/mode/1up","Prinia rufifrons"],["21905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufifrons smithi","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan to southeastern Ethiopia, Somalia, far northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7B0327E",null,null,"(= Ethiopia, ca. lat. 7° 10' N., long. 42° 10' E.).","New birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/255/mode/1up","Dryodromas smithi"],["21906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia rufifrons rufidorsalis","(Sharpe, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya (Tsavo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50F5EBAB",null,null,"Tsavo River, Kenya.","On birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/408/mode/1up","Dryodromas rufidorsalis"],["21907","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia erythroptera","(Jardine, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.15-2, pl.14","Red-winged Prinia","Red-winged Prinia","Red-winged Prinia",null,null,"lowland and foothill grassy understory of open woodland, and riparian scrub, from Senegambia eastward to western Ethiopia and western Kenya, thence southward to eastern Zambia, Mozambique, and eastern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713671","rewpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewpri1","avibase-C67FD539",null,null,"western Africa. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Gold Coast (= Ghana), fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 566","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/212/mode/1up","Drymoica erythroptera"],["21908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia erythroptera erythroptera","(Jardine, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.15-2, pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southern Mali and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D71652DD",null,null,"western Africa. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Gold Coast (= Ghana), fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 566","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/212/mode/1up","Drymoica erythroptera"],["21909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia erythroptera jodoptera","(Heuglin, 1864)","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Cameroon to South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75539E73",null,null,"Bongo, Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/270/mode/1up","Drymoeca jodoptera"],["21910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia erythroptera major","(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB0D1EE5",null,null,"Getemma, Abyssinia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/52/mode/1up","Orthotomus major"],["21911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia erythroptera rhodoptera","(Shelley, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.15 p.333-334",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-889A6FC6",null,null,"Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Descriptions of four new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/357/mode/1up","Cisticola rhodoptera"],["21912","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia hypoxantha","(Sharpe, 1877)","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2 p.260","Drakensberg Prinia","Drakensberg Prinia","Drakensberg Prinia",null,null,"foothill to submontane tall grassland, bracken scrub along streams and wetlands, forest edge, and rocky hillsides, in eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729387","drapri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drapri1","avibase-36261312",null,null,"Eland's Post (= Seymour), eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/312/mode/1up","Drymoeca hypoxantha"],["21913","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia maculosa","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.47","Karoo Prinia","Karoo Prinia","Karoo Prinia",null,null,"lowland Karoo scrub, Fynbos, coastal thickets, and forest edge, of southern Namibia, western and southern South Africa, and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713626","karpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/karpri1","avibase-4CDA27A3",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope; restricted to Swellendam, southwestern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1963, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 257.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/69/mode/1up","Motacilla maculosa"],["21914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia maculosa psammophila","Clancey, 1963","Durban Museum Novitates 6 (19) p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Namibia and northwestern South Africa (western Northern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20BDAC62",null,null,"McDougall Bay, south of Port Nolloth, Little Namaqualand, northwestern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 20. 3. Notes, mainly systematic, on some birds from the Cape Province.",null,"Prinia maculosa psammophila"],["21915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia maculosa maculosa","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and western South Africa (eastward to southern Free State and Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6151FA5C",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope; restricted to Swellendam, southwestern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1963, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 257.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/69/mode/1up","Motacilla maculosa"],["21916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia maculosa exultans","Clancey, 1982","Durban Museum Novitates 13 pt7 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (Eastern Cape and western KwaZulu-Natal) and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF71D44",null,null,"Naudesnek, Rhodes District, Northeastern Cape, at 2360-3000 m","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. LXII. [2.] Two new montane subspecies of warblers from the high Drakensberg.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2119","Prinia maculosa exultans"],["21917","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia molleri","Bocage, 1887","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 11 p.251","Sao Tome Prinia","Sao Tome Prinia","Sao Tome Prinia",null,null,"São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713632","satpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satpri1","avibase-843FF082",null,null,"São Tome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23041#page/269/mode/1up","Prinia molleri"],["21918","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia fluviatilis","Chappuis, 1974","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 42 p.492","River Prinia","River Prinia","River Prinia",null,null,"patchy in lowland swamp near lakes and rivers, tall grass, and tamarisk scrub on saline soils, from southwestern Mauritania and western Senegal eastward across Sahel to western Chad and northern Cameroon, and disjunctly in northwestern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713618","rivpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rivpri1","avibase-1CB41EB5",null,null,"no locality; type, in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, from Fort Lamy (= N'Djamene), Chad, fide Érard, in litt.","Illustration sonore de problèmes biologiques posés par les oiseaux de la zone éthiopienne (suite).","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1974_T042_N004","Prinia fluviatilis"],["21919","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia somalica","(Elliot, 1897)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.2 p.45","Pale Prinia","Pale Prinia","Pale Prinia",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid savanna, and thorn-scrub in semi-desert, from South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and far northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713611","palpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palpri1","avibase-319F6754",null,null,"Las Durban, Somaliland.","Catalogue of a collection of birds obtained by the expedition into Somali-land","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20404#page/25/mode/1up","Burnesia somalica"],["21920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia somalica somalica","(Elliot, 1897)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.2 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F8C5E20",null,null,"Las Durban, Somaliland.","Catalogue of a collection of birds obtained by the expedition into Somali-land","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20404#page/25/mode/1up","Burnesia somalica"],["21921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia somalica erlangeri","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, central and southern Somalia, northeastern Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6A90079",null,null,"Gurra, southern Somaliland.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/38/mode/1up","Prinia somalica erlangeri"],["21922","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.89,90","Plain Prinia","Plain Prinia","Plain Prinia",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassy scrub, bamboo thickets, saltmarsh, cultivation, and overgrown gardens, from northern Pakistan and adjacent Afghanistan, eastward through Himalayan foothills to southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713615","plapri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plapri1","avibase-465145E5",null,null,"Dukhun = Deccan, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/293/mode/1up","Prinia inornata"],["21923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata terricolor","(Hume, 1874)","Nests and eggs of Indian birds: rough draft Pt2 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Baluchistan to Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C943E17B",null,null,"'dryer portions of Oudh, the western portions of the North- West Provinces, and parts of the Central Provinces and Rajpootana.",null,null,"Drymoipus terricolor"],["21924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata fusca","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52C66405",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/243/mode/1up","Orthotomus (Prinia) fusca"],["21925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata blanfordi","(Walden, 1875)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 44, suppl., pt.2 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BE8E014",null,null,"Tonghoo (= Toungoo, Toungoo District, Pegu Division, Burma).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119069#page/150/mode/1up","Drymoeca blanfordi"],["21926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata extensicauda","(Swinhoe, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.50-51",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (including Hainan) to northern Laos, northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F90DAC41",null,null,"Amoy (= Hsia-men), China.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/78/mode/1up","Drymoica extensicauda"],["21927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata herberti","Stuart Baker, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and southern Thailand to southern Laos, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C112A64",null,null,"Bangkok and Samkok (= Ban Sam Khok), Siam.","Description of Prinia inornata herberti, subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/65/mode/1up","Prinia inornata herberti"],["21928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata flavirostris","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.19 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66CC077C",null,null,"Taiwanfoo, southwestern Formosa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/330/mode/1up","Drymoeca flavirostris"],["21929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata inornata","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.89,90",null,null,null,null,null,"central and Peninsular India (southward to southern Madras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B158C27",null,null,"Dukhun = Deccan, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/293/mode/1up","Prinia inornata"],["21930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata franklinii","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (southwestern Karnataka, Kerala, and hills of western and southern Madras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A94AA05",null,null,"No locality cited, but type locality inferred to be southern India, and restricted to the Nilgiris by Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 579.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/566/mode/1up","Pr[inia] Franklinii"],["21931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata insularis","(Legge, 1879)","A history of the birds of Ceylon 2 p.529 pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96BC7626",null,null,"Hurulle tank, Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113910#page/638/mode/1up","Drymoeca insularis"],["21932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia inornata blythi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD1337F1",null,null,"Java",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/443/mode/1up","Drymoica blythi"],["21933","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.982","Tawny-flanked Prinia","Tawny-flanked Prinia","Tawny-flanked Prinia",null,null,"lowland to montane clearings in open woodland, rank grass, and riparian shrub, from southern Mauritania eastward across the Sahel to Sudan, Eritrea, and western Somalia southward to northern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713607","tafpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tafpri1","avibase-63F72CA7",null,null,"ad fluvium Senegal [=rivers in Senegal]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/483/mode/1up","Motacilla subflava"],["21934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava subflava","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.982",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to western and central Ethiopia and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72F4D81C",null,null,"ad fluvium Senegal [=rivers in Senegal]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/483/mode/1up","Motacilla subflava"],["21935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava pallescens","Madarász, 1914","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12 p.593, pl. 11, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali to Sudan, northwestern Ethiopia, and western Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A7C7BF5",null,null,"Senga (= Singa), Sudan.","A contribution to the ornithology of the eastern Sudan.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1914_Vol_12_558.pdf","Prinia pallescens"],["21936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava tenella","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Africa (Somalia to southern Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2D9D474",null,null,"Mombasa, Kenya.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/428/mode/1up","Drymoeca tenella"],["21937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava melanorhyncha","(Jardine & Fraser, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Cameroon, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F08DB31",null,null,"Abomey, Dahomey, French West Africa","Birds of Western Africa. Collections of L. Fraser, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/86/mode/1up","D[rymoica] melanorhynchus"],["21938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava graueri","Hartert, 1920","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.2 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) to Rwanda and highlands of Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08A7433D",null,null,"near Baraka, northwestern shore of Lake Tanganyika, Belgian Congo.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/539/mode/1up","Prinia mistacea graueri"],["21939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava affinis","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.77, fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Tanzania, Zambia, eastern Botswana, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59CACB74",null,null,"interior of South Africa = Rustenburg, Transvaal, fide Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 242.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/329/mode/1up","Drymoica affinis"],["21940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava kasokae","White, 1946","Ibis vol.88, no.1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"western Zambia (west of Zambezi River) and adjacent eastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-438F0A99",null,null,"Mwange Lake, western Balovale (= Zambezi), Northern Rhodesia.","The Ornithology of the Kaonde-Lunda Province, Northern Rhodesia. Part IV. Upupidae - Fringillidae.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1946.tb03468.x","Prinia subflava kasokae"],["21941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava mutatrix","Meise, 1936","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 44 no.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to Malawi, eastern Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39BACEC1",null,null,"Mbamba Bay, Lake Nyasa, Tanganyika. 1","Prinia mystacea mutatrix nova subsp..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_44_0022-0028.pdf#page=2","Prinia mystacea mutatrix"],["21942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava bechuanae","Macdonald, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, southwestern Zambia, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19F6AEAC",null,null,"Mababe Flats, northwestern Bechuanaland.","Three new Races of Long-Tails from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/54/mode/1up","Prinia superciliosa bechuanae"],["21943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia subflava pondoensis","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal, eastern Eswatini, and eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD68D93D",null,null,"Port St. Johns, Pondoland [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/324/mode/1up","Prinia mistacea pondoensis"],["21944","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flavicans","(Vieillot, 1820)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.89 p.438","Black-chested Prinia","Black-chested Prinia","Black-chested Prinia",null,null,"lowland arid and semiarid shrub, and dry acacia savanna, from southern Angola, western Zambia, and western Zimbabwe southward to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713622","blcpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcpri1","avibase-10988568",null,null,"Afrique méridionale, restricted to Namaqualand ex. Levaillant",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/46/mode/1up","Sylvia flavicans"],["21945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flavicans bihe","Boulton & Vincent, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola highlands to Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB3CB3F0",null,null,"Vouga, Bihe (= Silva Porto), Angola; altitude 5,800 feet.","Description of a new race of Prinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/45/mode/1up","Prinia flavicans bihe"],["21946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flavicans ansorgei","Sclater, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Angola and Namibia (Namib Desert to Walvis Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8FA0BDC",null,null,"Huxe (= Uchi), Benguela, Angola.","Notes on African Warblers, with descriptions of new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/52/mode/1up","Prinia ansorgei"],["21947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flavicans flavicans","(Vieillot, 1820)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.89 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia to central Botswana and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D620AD6",null,null,"Afrique méridionale, restricted to Namaqualand ex. Levaillant",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/46/mode/1up","Sylvia flavicans"],["21948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Prinia flavicans nubilosa","Clancey, 1957","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.4 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and northeastern Botswana to southwestern Zambia, southwestern Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-878308AC",null,null,"Kendal, near Witbank, Transvaal.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 9. Description of six new races of birds from the interior of South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1394","Prinia flavicans nubilosa"],["21949","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Euryptila","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Drymoica subcinnamomea [Smith, A, 1847]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/136/mode/1up","Euryptila"],["21950","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Euryptila subcinnamomea","(Smith, 1847)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.25 pl.111, fig.1,text","Cinnamon-breasted Warbler","Cinnamon-breasted Warbler","Cinnamon-breasted Warbler",null,null,"outcrops from southern Namibia to central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713899","kopwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kopwar1","avibase-216F11D6",null,null,"mountains of the Kamiesberg, Little Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/481/mode/1up","Drymoica subcinnamomea"],["21951","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Scepomycter","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Artisornis winifredae [Moreau, 1938]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/56/mode/1up","Scepomycter"],["21952","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Scepomycter winifredae","(Moreau, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.139","Winifred's Warbler","Mrs. Moreau's Warbler","Winifred's Warbler","2025-0477","Taxon <em>rubehoensis </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Scepomycter winifredae,</em> as differences in plumage are subtle and mitochondrial DNA divergences relatively low (Bowie et al. 2009). However, more comprehensive genomic studies are warranted, as nuclear DNA data mostly assorts into two groups corresponding to <em>rubehoensis </em>and <em>winifredae</em>.","montane dense understory of forest and forest clearings of central Tanzania (Uluguru, Ukaguru, and Rubeho mountains)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714578","mrmwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mrmwar1","avibase-31FB812A",null,null,"Kinole forest, northern Uluguru, Tanganyika.","Description of a new Artisornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/177/mode/1up","Artisornis winifredae"],["21953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Scepomycter winifredae rubehoensis","Bowie, Fjeldså & Kiure, 2009","Ibis vol.151, no.4 p.709-719",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Tanzania (Ukaguru and Rubeho mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CF1A49A",null,null,"at 2100 m in Ukwiva Forest, Rubeho Mountains, Kilosa District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania; collected 12 September 2002 by Jacob Kiure","Multilocus molecular DNA variation in Winifred's Warbler Scepomycter winifredae suggests cryptic speciation and the existence of a threatened species in the Rubeho–Ukaguru Mountains of Tanzania","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00954.x","Scepomycter rubehoensis"],["21954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Scepomycter winifredae winifredae","(Moreau, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95F650C1",null,null,"Kinole forest, northern Uluguru, Tanganyika.","Description of a new Artisornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/177/mode/1up","Artisornis winifredae"],["21955","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Incana","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.24,638",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cisticola incana [Sclater, PL & Hartlaub, 1881]; type by original designation and tautonymy",null,"Chapter II. Check-List","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08382.x","Incana"],["21956","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Incana incana","(Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.166 pl.15 fig.1","Socotra Warbler","Socotra Warbler","Socotra Warbler",null,null,"Socotra (off eastern Somalia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728544","socwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socwar2","avibase-ACD5DE47",null,null,"Socotra.","On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. B. Balfour.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/224/mode/1up","Cisticola incana"],["21957","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Malcorus","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.213, 27 June p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Malcorus pectoralis [Smith, A, 1829]; type by subsequent designation (McDonald & Grant, 1953, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 22, pt. 2, p. 203).   ",null,"Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.5].",null,"Malcorus"],["21958","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Malcorus pectoralis","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.213, 27 June p.2","Rufous-eared Warbler","Rufous-eared Warbler","Rufous-eared Warbler",null,null,"lowland arid thornscrub, and dry grassland with bushes, from northern Namibia and southern Botswana to northern and western South Africa (eastward to Free State and Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713680","ruewar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruewar2","avibase-A1CA4EB2",null,null,"Karroo country, north of the Olifants River; Bitterfontein, northwestern Cape Province, suggested as restricted locality by Winterbottom, 1957, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 77, p. 155.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.5].",null,"Malcorus pectoralis"],["21959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Malcorus pectoralis etoshae","(Winterbottom, 1965)","Cimbebasia 9 (1964) p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia (Etosha Pan to northern Damaraland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6352D348",null,null,"Leeubron, Okaukuejo, Etosha Pan, South West Africa.","Results of the Percy Fitzpatrick Institute - Windhoek State Museum Joint Ornithological Expeditions : Report on the birds of game reserve No. 2.",null,"Prinia pectoralis etoshae"],["21960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Malcorus pectoralis ocularius","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.75, fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia to Botswana and northwestern and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1DE54BB",null,null,"northern Cape Colony; restricted to Kuruman by Clancey, 1960, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 80, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/317/mode/1up","Drymoica ocularius"],["21961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Malcorus pectoralis pectoralis","Smith, 1829","South African Commercial Advertiser 4, no.213, 27 June p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and central South Africa, eastward to southwestern Free State",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A5CD839",null,null,"Karroo country, north of the Olifants River; Bitterfontein, northwestern Cape Province, suggested as restricted locality by Winterbottom, 1957, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 77, p. 155.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.5].",null,"Malcorus pectoralis"],["21962","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Hypergerus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.liv fig.[9]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Moho atriceps [Lesson, 1831]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 44).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/131/mode/1up","Hypergerus"],["21963","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Hypergerus atriceps","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux add. p.646","Oriole Warbler","Oriole Warbler","Oriole Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory in wooded savanna, forest edge and thickets, plantations, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward to southern Chad and Central African Republic, and southward to Cameroon and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713842","oriwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oriwar2","avibase-31557605",null,null,"Des iles de la mer du Sud; error: Gold Coast (= Ghana), fide Bannerman and Bates, 1924, Ibis, p. 244.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/684/mode/1up","Moho atriceps"],["21964","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eminia","Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.4 p.625",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Eminia lepida [Hartlaub, 1881]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/775/mode/1up","Eminia"],["21965","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Eminia lepida","Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.4 p.625 pl.60 fig.1","Grey-capped Warbler","Gray-capped Warbler","Grey-capped Warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane dense understory at forest edge, wet riparian scrub, and well-planted gardens, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and central Kenya southward to Burundi and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713847","gycwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycwar3","avibase-31E5F1E9",null,null,"Magungo, northern Uganda.","On some new Birds discovered and collected by Dr. Emin Bey in Central Africa, between 5° and 2° N. lat., and 31° and 32° E. long..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/775/mode/1up","Eminia lepida"],["21966","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Bathmocercus","Reichenow, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bathmocercus rufus [Reichenow, 1895]; type by original designation",null,"Neue Afrikanische Vogelformen im Tring Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/183/mode/1up","Bathmocercus"],["21967","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Bathmocercus cerviniventris","(Sharpe, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.22","Black-headed Rufous Warbler","Black-headed Rufous-Warbler","Black-headed Rufous-warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane Upper Guinean rainforest understory, and secondary scrub along streams, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southwestern Ivory Coast (old records for Ghana)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714569","bkcruw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcruw1","avibase-8EDC9B24",null,null,"Gold Coast, West Africa.","On new Species of Warblers in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/48/mode/1up","Apalis cerviniventris"],["21968","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Bathmocercus rufus","Reichenow, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.113,104","Black-faced Rufous Warbler","Black-faced Rufous-Warbler","Black-faced Rufous-warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane forest edge, and bracken-brier, from southern Cameroon eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, and southward to central Gabon, and from South Sudan and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya, and southward to Rwanda and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714574","bkfruw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfruw1","avibase-438D0DFF",null,null,"Jaunde (= Yaounde), Cameroon.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/129/mode/1up","Bathmocercus rufus"],["21969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Bathmocercus rufus rufus","Reichenow, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.113,104",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Gabon and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48DDE677",null,null,"Jaunde (= Yaounde), Cameroon.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/129/mode/1up","Bathmocercus rufus"],["21970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Bathmocercus rufus vulpinus","Reichenow, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, far southern South Sudan, Uganda, far western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBA87820",null,null,"Aruwimi River, Eastern Congo Basin, Congo Free State.","Neue Afrikanische Vogelformen im Tring Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/184/mode/1up","Bathmocercus vulpinus"],["21971","genus","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.119",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia cisticola [Temminck, 1820]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/147/mode/1up","Cisticola"],["21972","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.223","Golden-headed Cisticola","Golden-headed Cisticola","Golden-headed Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to foothill tall grassland in open woodland, savanna, bracken scrub, and cultivation, from India eastward to southeastern China, Taiwan, and Philippines, and southward to Indonesia, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and eastern Australia; occasionally irruptive",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713544","gohcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gohcis1","avibase-7CB5F8B8",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 596.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/229/mode/1up","Malurus exilis"],["21973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis tytleri","Jerdon, 1863","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of Nepal to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and southwestern China (Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC871DEC",null,null,"Dacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/190/mode/1up","Cisticola Tytleri"],["21974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis erythrocephalus","Blyth, 1851","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.6 p.523",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (southern Karnataka, western Tamil Nadu, and Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60F2D386",null,null,"Nilgiris.","Notice of a collection of Mammalia, Birds, and Reptiles, procured at or near the station of Chérra Punji in the Khásia hills, north of Sylhet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/585/mode/1up","Cisticola erythrocephala"],["21975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis equicaudatus","Stuart Baker, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to central Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D798A09D",null,null,"Samkok (= Ban Sam Khok), Siam.","Remarks on the species Cisticola exilis, with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/67/mode/1up","Cisticola exilis equicaudata"],["21976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis courtoisi","La Touche, 1926","A handbook of the birds of eastern China (Chihli, Shantung, Kiangsu, Anhwei, Kiangsi, Chekiang, Fohkien, and Kwangtung provinces) 2 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (southeastern Yunnan to southern Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25676BA1",null,null,"Hokow (= Ho-k' ou), southern Yunnan.",null,null,"Cisticola exilis courtoisi"],["21977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis volitans","(Swinhoe, 1859)","Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D68BCBA0",null,null,"northeastern Formosa.",null,null,"Calamanthella volitans"],["21978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis semirufus","Cabanis, 1872","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.118 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (including Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23388309",null,null,"Luzon.","[Über Pyrrhula Cassini und cineracea aus Sibirien und über einige neue Arten, welche von Herrn Jagor auf Luzon gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/328/mode/1up","Cisticola semirufa"],["21979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis rusticus","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.25-26",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi subregion and southern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3732210",null,null,"Buru, Moluccas.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/59/mode/1up","Cisticola rustica"],["21980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis lineocapilla","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.167 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, and northern Australia (northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78644ED5",null,null,"Port Essington, Australia.","Description of Six New Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/503/mode/1up","Cysticola lineocapilla"],["21981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis diminutus","Mathews, 1922","The birds of Australia 9 p.373",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea, northeastern Australia (northwestern Torres Strait islands), and Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D228A7C9",null,null,"Cape York, northern Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226370#page/481/mode/1up","Cisticola exilis diminuta"],["21982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis alexandrae","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (Pilbara region, central Western Australia, eastward to Mackenzie River, central Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4B0DCEC",null,null,"Alexandra (= Alexandria), Northern Territory.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/367/mode/1up","Cisticola exilis alexandrae"],["21983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis exilis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (central Queensland to eastern Gulf of St. Vincent, South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74D38A61",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 596.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/229/mode/1up","Malurus exilis"],["21984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola exilis polionotus","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.709 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAF752CA",null,null,"Baining district, New Britain.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 28. Notes on some Birds from New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4500/","Cisticola exilis polionota"],["21985","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus","Witherby, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.13","Desert Cisticola","Desert Cisticola","Desert Cisticola",null,null,"lowland and foothill desert grassland, and semiarid savanna, from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward through the Sahel to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, thence southward to Kenya and northern Tanzania, and from western Angola and northern Zambia through northern Namibia and Botswana, to central and eastern South Africa; Sahel populations nomadic with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713515","descis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/descis1","avibase-A2C88219",null,null,"about 60 miles south of Khartoum, White Nile = Gerazi, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 619.","On birds from the White Nile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/171/mode/1up","Cisticola aridula"],["21986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus aridulus","Witherby, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44663C73",null,null,"about 60 miles south of Khartoum, White Nile = Gerazi, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 619.","On birds from the White Nile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/171/mode/1up","Cisticola aridula"],["21987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus lavendulae","Ogilvie-Grant & Reid, 1901","Ibis ser.8, vol.1, no.4 p.650-651",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Eritrea to Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E097CC33",null,null,"Aroharlaise, British Somaliland.","On the Birds collected during an Expedition through Somaliland and Southern Abyssinia to Lake Zwai. With Field-notes by the Collector, Mr. Alfred E. Pease.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35405#page/714/mode/1up","Cisticola lavendulae"],["21988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus tanganyika","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.126, pl. 4, fig. 13",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86DD3963",null,null,"Morogoro, Tanganyika.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05661.x","Cisticola aridula tanganyika"],["21989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus lobito","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD25366B",null,null,"Lobito Bay, Benguela Province, Angola.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05661.x","Cisticola aridula lobito"],["21990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus perplexus","White, 1947","Ostrich 18 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Zambia (Bangweulu swamps)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FFF149B",null,null,"Chambezi (= Chambeshi) valley, Northern Province, Northern Rhodesia = Lake Chaya, edge of Bangweulu Swamps, Zambia, fide Benson et al., 1973, Birds Zambia, ed. 2, p. 267.","Notes on some little-known birds from Northern Rhodesia.",null,"Cisticola aridula perplexa"],["21991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus kalahari","Ogilvie-Grant, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"central Namibia to southern Botswana and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5BF86B0",null,null,"Molopo River, Bechuanaland.","Description of a new species of Fantail-Warbler from British Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/393/mode/1up","Cisticola kalahari"],["21992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus traylori","Benson & Irwin, 1966","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 2 (27) p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola and far western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06B16064",null,null,"Mocussueze (= Mucussuege), Moxico Province, eastern Angola, lat. 11° 06' S., long. 21° 56' E.; altitude 3,400 feet.","A new subspecies of desert cisticola, Cisticola aridula Witherby.",null,"Cisticola aridula traylori"],["21993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus caliginus","Clancey, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.9 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (south to KwaZulu-Natal), Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97B34CDF",null,null,"Maputa, northeastern Zululand, Natal.","A New Race of Cisticola aridula Witherby from South-Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/177/mode/1up","Cisticola aridula caligina"],["21994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aridulus eremicus","Clancey, 1984","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 104, no.3 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia, southern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3630A0E",null,null,"Output, 33 miles SE of Kamnjab, Kaokaland (Kaokoveld), northwestern South West Africa, at 19°48'S, 14°39'E","New subspecific taxa of African cisticolas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/123/mode/1up","Cisticola aridula eremica"],["21995","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cherina","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.77, fig.2,text","Madagascar Cisticola","Madagascar Cisticola","Madagascar Cisticola",null,null,"grassland of Madagascar and Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713508","madcis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madcis2","avibase-84C80AC6",null,null,"'Cape Colony' = Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/331/mode/1up","Drymoica cherina"],["21996","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola haesitatus","(Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.166","Socotra Cisticola","Socotra Cisticola","Socotra Cisticola",null,null,"Socotra (off eastern Somalia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713500","soccis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soccis1","avibase-C08493AF",null,null,"Socotra.","On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. B. Balfour.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/224/mode/1up","Drymoeca haesitata"],["21997","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis","(Rafinesque, 1810)","Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicila con varie osservazioni sopra i medesimi p.6,7","Zitting Cisticola","Zitting Cisticola","Zitting Cisticola",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane grassland, seasonal wetland, saltmarsh, and cultivation, in western Palearctic from France and Iberia eastward to western Iran, and southward to northwestern Africa and Nile valley; in sub-Saharan Africa from Mauritania eastward to Somalia, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward to South Africa; and in eastern Palearctic from eastern Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, eastward to Japan (Honshu to southern Ryukyu Islands), and southward to Philippines, Indonesia, and northern Australia; some northern populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713491","zitcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zitcis1","avibase-AEE2063F",null,null,"Roccella, Sicily.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185076#page/20/mode/1up","Sylvia Juncidis"],["21998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis cisticola","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western France to Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FF0700B",null,null,"Portugal and Spain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/356/mode/1up","Sylvia cisticola"],["21999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis juncidis","(Rafinesque, 1810)","Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicila con varie osservazioni sopra i medesimi p.6,7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern France to Corsica, Sardinia, Balkans, Türkiye, Syria, and Israel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD78997",null,null,"Roccella, Sicily.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185076#page/20/mode/1up","Sylvia Juncidis"],["22000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis uropygialis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southern Nigeria, Sudan, Rwanda, and northern Tanzania; Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCD626B9",null,null,"Accra.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/385/mode/1up","Drymoica uropygialis"],["22001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis terrestris","(Smith, 1842)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.16 pl.74, fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Equatorial Guinea (Río Muni), central Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and southern Tanzania southward to southern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98CB3137",null,null,"between Latakoo ( = Kuruman), northern Cape Province, and Kurrichane ( = Seerust), Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/313/mode/1up","Drymoica terrestris"],["22002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis neuroticus","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus, Levant, Iraq, and western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D16C0698",null,null,"Sidon, Syrian coast (= Sa'ida, Lebanon).","Descriptions of new subspecies from various localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/55/mode/1up","Cisticola cisticola neurotica"],["22003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis cursitans","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Afghanistan to Pakistan, Nepal, northern Myanmar, India, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76BE236",null,null,"'on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/132/mode/1up","Prinia cursitans"],["22004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis salimalii","Whistler, 1936","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85735853",null,null,"Peermade, Travancore; altitude 3,200 feet.","The ornithology of Travancore and Cochin. Part IV, with notes by H. Whistler.","https://ia600307.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalofbomb38341936bomb&itemPath=%2F13%2Fitems%2Fjournalofbomb38341936bomb&server=ia600307.us.archive.org&page=n162_w705","Cisticola juncidis sálimalii"],["22005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis omalurus","Blyth, 1851","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.176-177",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBBB1842",null,null,"Ceylon.","Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/224/mode/1up","Cisticola omalura"],["22006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis brunniceps","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.134, pl.20C",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Korean Peninsula, Japan (Honshu and southward, including Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan), and far northern Philippines (Batan Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E09ECF1",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/144/mode/1up","Salicaria (Cisticola) brunniceps"],["22007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis tinnabulans","(Swinhoe, 1859)","Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (including Hainan) to Indochina, Taiwan, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9485B4DF",null,null,"Hongsan and the northwest coast of Formosa and Shanghai. Type from Formosa, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 98.",null,null,"Calamanthella tinnabulans"],["22008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis nigrostriatus","Parkes, 1971","Nemouria 4 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Culion and Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-405B0971",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/99/mode/1up","Cisticola juncidis nigrostriata"],["22009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis malaya","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.92, pl. 2, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands, southern Myanmar, and Thailand through the Thai-Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7D5DC27",null,null,"Klang, Malay Peninsula.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08329.x","Cisticola juncidis malaya"],["22010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis fuscicapilla","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.489-490",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java, Kangean Islands, and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F2A9C19",null,null,"Timor; Flores. Type is from Delli (= Dili), eastern Timor, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 95","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/589/mode/1up","Cisticola fuscicapilla"],["22011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis constans","Lynes, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Togian and Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Muna and Tukangbesi islands (to southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8A1743D",null,null,"Lombasang (= Mt. Lompobatang), southern Celebes; altitude 1,100 meters.","Subspecific classification of Celebes aggregates of Cisticola exilis and C. juncidis.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0166-0168.pdf#page=2","Cist[icola] Juncidis constans"],["22012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis leanyeri","Givens & Hitchcock, 1953","The Emu 53 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Australia (Tiwi Islands, northeastern Northern Territory, and southwestern Gulf of Carpentaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34E1B47E",null,null,"Leanyer Swamp, 10 miles northeast of Darwin, Northern Territory.","Cisticola juncidis (Raf.) in the Northern Territory.",null,"Cisticola juncidis leanyeri"],["22013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis normani","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern New Guinea and coastal northeastern Australia (southeastern Gulf of Carpentaria to Princess Charlotte Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-983E8AF2",null,null,"Norman River, Queensland.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/116/mode/1up","Cisticola juncidis normani"],["22014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola juncidis laveryi","Schodde & Mason, 1979","The Emu 79, no.2 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Ingham to Rockhampton, northeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77AA4C0A",null,null,"Bobowala, ca. 40 kilometers south of Ayr, Queensland.","Revision of the Zitting cisticola Cisticola juncidis (Rafinesque) in Australia, with description of a new subspecies.",null,"Cisticola juncidis laveryi"],["22015","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola dambo","Lynes, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.5","Dambo Cisticola","Dambo Cisticola","Dambo Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in foothill grassland, and seasonally flooded plain, of southeastern Gabon and from northeastern Angola eastward to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713530","clscis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clscis1","avibase-9F281377",null,null,"Nasondoye, southern Belgian Congo, lat. 10 1/2° S., long. 25° E.; altitude 3,300 feet.","Account of his 1930-31 tour with Mr. Jack Vincent across Central Africa, with descriptions of new Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/39/mode/1up","Cisticola dambo"],["22016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola dambo kasai","Lynes, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (northwestern Kasai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-656A7278",null,null,"near Banda, northwestern Kasai, Belgian Congo, lat. 5.7° S., long. 9.7° E.; altitude 2,400 feet.","Proposal of alterations to the classification of Cisticolae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/145/mode/1up","Cisticola dambo kasai"],["22017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola dambo dambo","Lynes, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to northeastern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-711E41BD",null,null,"Nasondoye, southern Belgian Congo, lat. 10 1/2° S., long. 25° E.; altitude 3,300 feet.","Account of his 1930-31 tour with Mr. Jack Vincent across Central Africa, with descriptions of new Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/39/mode/1up","Cisticola dambo"],["22018","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola eximius","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.106 pl.3 fig.1","Black-backed Cisticola","Black-backed Cisticola","Black-backed Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane grassland, and wet highland grassland, from Senegal and southwestern Mali eastward to South Sudan, and southward to northern Republic of the Congo and southwestern Kenya; populations in Eritrea and Ethiopia are likely extirpated",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713524","blncis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blncis1","avibase-53E61277",null,null,"upper Gazelle River (= Bahr al Ghazal), Sudan.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/132/mode/1up","Drymoeca eximia"],["22019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola eximius occidens","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.178, pl. 7, fig. 20A",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Senegal to Sierra Leone, southern Mali, and Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5358DE28",null,null,"A Rirn, northern Nigeria.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05666.x","Cisticola eximia occidens"],["22020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola eximius winneba","Lynes, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Ghana (Winneba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43EBFC61",null,null,"Winneba, Gold Coast; near sea level.","Account of his 1930-31 tour with Mr. Jack Vincent across Central Africa, with descriptions of new Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/44/mode/1up","Cisticola eximia winneba"],["22021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola eximius eximius","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.106 pl.3 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Ethiopia, far western Kenya, and southern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE5A6538",null,null,"upper Gazelle River (= Bahr al Ghazal), Sudan.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/132/mode/1up","Drymoeca eximia"],["22022","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola textrix","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.208","Cloud Cisticola","Cloud Cisticola","Cloud Cisticola",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill grassland, grassy estuarine marsh, and heathland, of central and eastern Angola and western Zambia, and from southeastern Botswana through southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713519","clocis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clocis1","avibase-F9FA8D6B",null,null,"Cape Province ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/222/mode/1up","Sylvia textrix"],["22023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola textrix bulubulu","Lynes, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4CEEAD7",null,null,"near Bihe (= Silva Porto), Angola; altitude 5,700 feet.","Account of his 1930-31 tour with Mr. Jack Vincent across Central Africa, with descriptions of new Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/41/mode/1up","Cisticola textrix bulubulu"],["22024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola textrix anselli","White, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80, no.8 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF1D4774",null,null,"Minyanya Plain, western Balovale (= Zambezi), Northern Rhodesia.","A new form of Cisticola textrix Vieillot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/196/mode/1up","Cisticola textrix anselli"],["22025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola textrix major","(Roberts, 1913)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.4 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F29C99F8",null,null,"no locality; believed to come from Grahamstown, Cape Province.","The Grass-warblers of South Africa (Cisticola and Hemipteryx).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/330/mode/1up","Hemipteryx major"],["22026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola textrix marleyi","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to northeastern and coastal KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D18B94D",null,null,"Manaba, Zululand.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Hemipteryx major marleyi"],["22027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola textrix textrix","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (Western Cape and southwestern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDDEBEAC",null,null,"Cape Province ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/222/mode/1up","Sylvia textrix"],["22028","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ayresii","Hartlaub, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.19 p.325 pl.8 fig.2","Wing-snapping Cisticola","Wing-snapping Cisticola","Wing-snapping Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane grassland from western Gabon eastward through southern South Sudan and western Kenya, thence southward to western Angola, Zimbabwe, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713540","wiscis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wiscis1","avibase-78573BB2",null,null,"Natal.","A Fifth additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/361/mode/1up","Cisticola ayresii"],["22029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ayresii gabun","Lynes, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to Congo and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-319DC844",null,null,"Port Gentil, Gabon.","Account of his 1930-31 tour with Mr. Jack Vincent across Central Africa, with descriptions of new Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/43/mode/1up","Cisticola ayresii gabun"],["22030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ayresii imatong","Cave, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan (Imatong Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2227DA8",null,null,"Imatong Mountains, Equatoria Province, Sudan, ca. lat. 4° N., long. 33° E.; altitude 8,000 feet.","A new race of Grass-Warbler.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/38/mode/1up","Cisticola ayresii imatong"],["22031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ayresii entebbe","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Uganda, northwestern Tanzania, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B53EF33",null,null,"Entebbe, Uganda.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05664.x","Cisticola ayresii entebbe"],["22032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ayresii itombwensis","Prigogine, 1957","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 55 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains northeast of Lake Tanganyika",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA825E65",null,null,"Muusi, Itombwe, Belgian Congo, lat. 3° 03' S., long. 28° 48' E.; altitude 2,400 meters.","Un nouveau Cisticola de l'Itombwe (Congo belge).",null,"Cisticola ayresii itombwensis"],["22033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ayresii mauensis","Van Someren, 1922","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.1 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5462C89",null,null,"Mau, Kenya.","Notes on the birds of East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/223/mode/1up","Cisticola terrestris mauensis"],["22034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ayresii ayresii","Hartlaub, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.19 p.325 pl.8 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Zambia, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CAE1B66",null,null,"Natal.","A Fifth additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/361/mode/1up","Cisticola ayresii"],["22035","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cinnamomeus","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.28","Pale-crowned Cisticola","Pale-crowned Cisticola","Pale-crowned Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane wet grassland from southeastern Gabon eastward to southwestern Tanzania, thence southward to Angola and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776400","paccis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paccis1","avibase-6F165487",null,null,"Ngomingi, Uhehe, Tanganyika.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/44/mode/1up","Cisticola cinnamomea"],["22036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cinnamomeus midcongo","Lynes, 1938","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 31 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon (Teke Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA049E02",null,null,"Kunungu, about 20 miles southeast of Bolobo, middle Congo River.",null,null,"Cisticola brunnescens midcongo"],["22037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-278EBCF8",null,null,"Ngomingi, Uhehe, Tanganyika.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/44/mode/1up","Cisticola cinnamomea"],["22038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cinnamomeus egregius","(Roberts, 1913)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.4 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A341ECE6",null,null,"Wakkerstroom, Transvaal [South Africa]","The Grass-warblers of South Africa (Cisticola and Hemipteryx).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/331/mode/1up","Hemipteryx egregia"],["22039","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brunnescens","Heuglin, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.289","Pectoral-patch Cisticola","Pectoral-patch Cisticola","Pectoral-patch Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to montane short-grass savanna, highland grassland, and heath, from central Cameroon eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northwestern Somalia, thence southward to southern Gabon and Republic of the Congo, and highlands of western Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776392","pepcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pepcis1","avibase-006667E7",null,null,"Gudofelasi (= Godofelassi), in Hamasen, Eritrea; altitude 6,000 feet.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Januar-Heft 1862, S. 24 u. f.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/315/mode/1up","Cisticola brunnescens"],["22040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brunnescens mbangensis","Chappuis & Érard, 1973","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 93, no.4 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Cameroon (Adamawa Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5FDE6FC",null,null,"Adamaoua, Cameroon.","A new race of Pectoral-patch Cisticola from Cameroun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/182/mode/1up","Cisticola brunnescens mbangensis"],["22041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brunnescens lynesi","Bates, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD78C4B",null,null,"Oku, west of Kumbo, Cameroon.","Descriptions of seven new birds from N.W. Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/128/mode/1up","Cisticola ayresii lynesi"],["22042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brunnescens wambera","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Ethiopia (Wambera Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-620E6CAF",null,null,"Wambera (= Wambara) Town, 'S. W. Abyssinia'; altitude 8,000 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05665.x","Cisticola brunnescens wambera"],["22043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brunnescens brunnescens","Heuglin, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CFD464E",null,null,"Gudofelasi (= Godofelassi), in Hamasen, Eritrea; altitude 6,000 feet.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Januar-Heft 1862, S. 24 u. f.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/315/mode/1up","Cisticola brunnescens"],["22044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brunnescens nakuruensis","Van Someren, 1922","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.1 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya and northern Tanzania (west of Rift Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F893BC1",null,null,"Nakuru Plains, Kenya.","Notes on the birds of East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/223/mode/1up","Cisticola terrestris nakuruensis"],["22045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brunnescens hindii","Sharpe, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya and northern Tanzania (east of Rift Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C968E939",null,null,"Machakos, Kenya.","[Description of two new species of East-African birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/367/mode/1up","Cisticola hindii"],["22046","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.80,text","Croaking Cisticola","Croaking Cisticola","Croaking Cisticola",null,null,"foothill and montane grassland, savanna, and open woodland, from Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and southern Somalia, thence southward to Angola, Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713440","crocis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crocis1","avibase-FB740D14",null,null,"'neighbourhood of Port Natal' = Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/343/mode/1up","Drymoica natalensis"],["22047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis strangei","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Cabinda, Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD020824",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/384/mode/1up","Drymoica Strangei"],["22048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis inexpectatus","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.268-269",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78512E4E",null,null,"Lake Abassi (= Awusa), southern Abyssinia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/284/mode/1up","Cisticola natalensis inexpectata"],["22049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis argenteus","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia and southeastern Somalia to northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D09723FE",null,null,"Fanole, Umfudu, southern Somaliland.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/39/mode/1up","Cisticola argentea"],["22050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis tonga","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan (White Nile and Blue Nile regions)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F965A05",null,null,"Kodok, White Nile, Sudan.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05694.x","Cisticola natalensis tonga"],["22051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis katanga","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania, adjacent northern Malawi, northeastern Zambia, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A373144D",null,null,"Kambove, Upper Luapula district, Katanga; altitude 4,500 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05694.x","Cisticola natalensis katanga"],["22052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis huambo","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.441, pl. 15, fig. 64",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B79F61D0",null,null,"Lepe (= Lepi), interior of Benguela district, Angola; altitude 4,900 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08365.x","Cisticola natalensis huambo"],["22053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis natalensis","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.80,text",null,null,null,null,null,"interior Tanzania to southeastern Zambia, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A7A26CB",null,null,"'neighbourhood of Port Natal' = Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/343/mode/1up","Drymoica natalensis"],["22054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola natalensis holubii","(Pelzeln, 1882)","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Südafrikas. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Dr. Holub auf seinen südafrikanischen Reisen gesammelten und im Pavillon des Amateurs zu Wien ausgestellten Arten p.76, pl. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Botswana, far western Zimbabwe, and adjacent south Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D05319C1",null,null,"Panda Matenga ( = Mpanda Mutenga) River, eastern Bamangwato, Bechuanaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132968#page/84/mode/1up","Drymoica Holubii"],["22055","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberdare","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.426","Aberdare Cisticola","Aberdare Cisticola","Aberdare Cisticola",null,null,"submontane to montane grassland, and moorland, in highlands of west-central Kenya",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713436","abecis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abecis1","avibase-3C79F1AC",null,null,"Aberdare Mountains, Kenya.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08364.x","Cisticola robusta aberdare"],["22056","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.35 pl.13","Stout Cisticola","Stout Cisticola","Stout Cisticola",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane short grassland with bushes, and grassy rocky hills, of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon highlands, Eritrean and Ethiopian highlands, and from eastern Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Kenya and northern Tanzania, thence southward to central Angola and eastern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713430","stocis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stocis1","avibase-D3B1A98B",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/49/mode/1up","Drymoica robusta"],["22057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus robustus","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.35 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ethiopian plateau and Harar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E45AA287",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/49/mode/1up","Drymoica robusta"],["22058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus schraderi","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"central Eritrea and adjacent northern Ethiopia (Adigrat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBD68710",null,null,"Senafe, Eritrea.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/281/mode/1up","Cisticola robusta schraderi"],["22059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus omo","Neumann & Lynes, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopian plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DE3D83E",null,null,"Kankati, Jima territory, southwestern Abyssinia.","Description of a new form of Fan-tail Warbler from Jimma, S.W. Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/176/mode/1up","Cisticola robusta omo"],["22060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus santae","Bates, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D113C46",null,null,"Bambulue, northwestern Cameroon.","Description of two new subspecies from Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/165/mode/1up","Cisticola robusta santae"],["22061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus nuchalis","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.4 p.61-62",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9205F11B",null,null,"'Kagera' = Kagera River, Bukoba district, northwestern Tanganyika, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 652.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika (Schluss von S. 29-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/75/mode/1up","Cisticola nuchalis"],["22062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus awemba","Lynes, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern Katanga) to southwestern Tanzania and northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F93DA2A",null,null,"Luwingu, Awemba district, northeastern Northern Rhodesia; altitude 4,600 feet.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of Cisticola, the first two resulting from his Central African tour with Mr. Jack Vincent in 1930-31, and the other from his visit with Mr. Willoughby Lowe to Southern Tanganyika Territory in 1931-32.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/207/mode/1up","Cisticola robusta awemba"],["22063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola robustus angolensis","(Bocage, 1877)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (western Katanga) and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB348384",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/167/mode/1up","Drymoica angolensis"],["22064","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola distinctus","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.240","Lynes's Cisticola","Lynes's Cisticola",null,"2025-0476","Taxon <em>distinctus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cisticola lais</em> on the basis of divergence in mitochondrial DNA, with <em>distinctus</em> recovered as sister to <em>C. subruficapilla </em>(Davies 2014). Apparent differences in plumage, song, and habitat have been reported, but the two taxa are very similar in plumage and reports of vocal differences are conflicting (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993; Zimmerman et al. 2001; Stevenson &amp; Fanshawe 2020); further research needed to confirm this split.","patchy in foothill to montane grassland, forest edge, rocky slopes with grass or short scrub, disjunctly in eastern Uganda and northern Kenya, and from central Kenya southward to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,"waicis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/waicis2","avibase-52B4F230",null,null,"Kidong (= Nkidong) valley, Kenya.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08343.x","Cisticola distincta"],["22065","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola subruficapilla","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.76, fig.2,text","Grey-backed Cisticola","Gray-backed Cisticola","Grey-backed Cisticola",null,null,"lowland and foothill scrubby habitat, including arid Karoo and Fynbos, and coastal dunes, from southwestern Angola and Namibia southward to western South Africa (eastward to Free State and Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713370","rehcis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehcis2","avibase-B7C5BC8D",null,null,"western Cape Colony; here restricted to Cape Town district.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/325/mode/1up","Drymoica subruficapilla"],["22066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola subruficapilla newtoni","Pinto, 1967","Boletim do Instituto de Investigação Cientifíca de Angola 4, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to Namibia (Kaokoveld)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE2BB1C2",null,null,"Major (Caraculo), Moçâmedes, Angola.","Geographical variation of the African cisticola, Cisticola subruficapilla (A. Smith) and description of a new subspecies for Angola.",null,"Cisticola subruficapilla newtoni"],["22067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola subruficapilla windhoekensis","(Roberts, 1937)","Ostrich 8, no.2 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"central Namibia (Waterberg Mountains to Naukluft Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF106044",null,null,"Neudamm Government Farm, 25 miles east of Windhoek, South West Africa.","Some results of the Barlow Transvaal Museum expedition to South-West Africa.",null,"Drymodyta subruficapilla windhoekensis"],["22068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola subruficapilla karasensis","(Roberts, 1937)","Ostrich 8, no.2 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia (Great Namaqualand) and northern Northern Cape (South Africa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F01015B",null,null,"Kochena, Great Karas Berg, Great Namaqualand, South West Africa.","Some results of the Barlow Transvaal Museum expedition to South-West Africa.",null,"Drymodyta subruficapilla karasensis"],["22069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola subruficapilla namaqua","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Africa: Orange River southward to Oliphants River, eastward to the western Karoo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13E264F8",null,null,"Klipfontein, Little Namaqualand.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05669.x","Cisticola subruficapilla namaqua"],["22070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola subruficapilla subruficapilla","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.76, fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (south of the Oliphants River, eastward to Knysna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3FA5CFB",null,null,"western Cape Colony; here restricted to Cape Town district.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/325/mode/1up","Drymoica subruficapilla"],["22071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola subruficapilla jamesi","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central South Africa (southern Free State and Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13ABBB04",null,null,"Mortimer, Cradock district, Cape Province.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05669.x","Cisticola subruficapilla jamesi"],["22072","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.237","Wailing Cisticola","Wailing Cisticola",null,"2025-0476","Taxon <em>distinctus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cisticola lais</em> on the basis of divergence in mitochondrial DNA, with <em>distinctus</em> recovered as sister to <em>C. subruficapilla </em>(Davies 2014). Apparent differences in plumage, song, and habitat have been reported, but the two taxa are very similar in plumage and reports of vocal differences are conflicting (Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993; Zimmerman et al. 2001; Stevenson &amp; Fanshawe 2020); further research needed to confirm this split.","patchy in lowland to montane grassland, and rocky slopes with short scrub, of western Angola, and from southern Tanzania southward to southern South Africa",null,null,null,"waicis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/waicis1","avibase-5FD10562",null,null,"Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/259/mode/1up","Drymoica lais"],["22073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais namba","Lynes, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBDC914A",null,null,"Namba, Angola, lat. 12° S., long. 15° E.; altitude 6,700 feet.","Account of his 1930-31 tour with Mr. Jack Vincent across Central Africa, with descriptions of new Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/45/mode/1up","Cisticola lais namba"],["22074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais semifasciatus","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania (Iringa Plateau) to Malawi, Zambia, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE839AC4",null,null,"Tandala, southwestern Tanganyika. Type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Mlanje (= Lichenya) Plateau, Nyasaland, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 662.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/588/mode/1up","Cisticola semifasciata"],["22075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais mashona","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe to southern Mozambique, northeastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8FF61DB",null,null,"Chirinda (= Mt. Selinda), southern Melsetter district, Mashonaland, Southern Rhodesia; altitude 3,800 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05670.x","Cisticola lais mashona"],["22076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais oreobates","Irwin, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.9 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mozambique (Mount Gorongoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E86B5DA2",null,null,"near peak of Monte Gogogo, Mt. Gorongosa, Mozambique, lat. 18° 26' S., long. 34° 2' E.; altitude 6,000 feet.","A new race of Wailing Cisticola Cisticola lais (Finsch and Hartlaub), from Gorongoza Mountain, Moçambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/223/mode/1up","Cisticola lais oreobates"],["22077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais monticola","Roberts, 1913","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.4 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DA07A79",null,null,"Six-mile Spruit, Pretoria, Transvaal [South Africa]","The Grass-warblers of South Africa (Cisticola and Hemipteryx).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/310/mode/1up","Cisticola monticola"],["22078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais lais","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-048060A5",null,null,"Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/259/mode/1up","Drymoica lais"],["22079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lais maculatus","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (eastward to Port Elizabeth)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1998EAE",null,null,"near the Berg River, Piquetberg (= Piketberg) district, Cape Province.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05670.x","Cisticola lais maculata"],["22080","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola rufilatus","(Hartlaub, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.238","Tinkling Cisticola","Tinkling Cisticola","Tinkling Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill semiarid savanna, and edges of broadleaf woodland, of southeastern Gabon and central Republic of the Congo, and from central Angola eastward to Malawi, thence southward through eastern Namibia, and eastward to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713365","grycis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grycis1","avibase-F7D5C201",null,null,"Damaraland, South West Africa. Type, in Stadtisches Museum Bremen, from Elephant Vlei, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 659.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/260/mode/1up","Drymoica rufilata"],["22081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola rufilatus ansorgei","Neumann, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to eastern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Zambia, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF9EF1A2",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.","On a new species of the genus Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/140/mode/1up","Cisticola ansorgei"],["22082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola rufilatus vicinior","Clancey, 1973","Durban Museum Novitates 10, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"plateaus of Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C9DA204",null,null,"Rusape, Mashonaland, Rhodesia.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 37. A second southern African race of Cisticola rufilata (Hartlaub).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2029","Cisticola rufilata vicinior"],["22083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola rufilatus rufilatus","(Hartlaub, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and northern Namibia to Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02160B40",null,null,"Damaraland, South West Africa. Type, in Stadtisches Museum Bremen, from Elephant Vlei, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 659.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/260/mode/1up","Drymoica rufilata"],["22084","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bailunduensis","Neumann, 1931","Journal für Ornithologie 79, no.4 p.551","Huambo Cisticola","Huambo Cisticola","Huambo Cisticola",null,null,"foothill to submontane wooded rocky hills with rank grassy vegetation, and riparian thickets, in western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103775575","rolcis4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rolcis4","avibase-4276CE06",null,null,"Chipepe, Bailundo, Benguela, Angola.","Beschreibungen neuer Vogelformen aus Afrika.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_79_1931_0547-0551.pdf#page=5","Cisticola emini bailunduensis"],["22085","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.78,text","Rock-loving Cisticola","Rock-loving Cisticola","Lazy Cisticola","2025-0483","Taxon <em>bailunduensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cisticola aberrans</em> (polytypic, including <em>emini</em>) based on vocalizations coupled with morphological and ecological differences (del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2016).","patchy in foothill and montane rocky slopes with grass, and grassy and miombo woodland, from southern Mauritania and Guinea eastward to southern South Sudan and southern Kenya, thence southward to western Angola and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103775454","rolcis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rolcis2","avibase-AB6AE581",null,null,"'near Port Natal' = Durban, Natal. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), labeled interior S. Afr., fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 615.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/335/mode/1up","Drymoica aberrans"],["22086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans nyika","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.564, pl. 17, fig. 74",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania to Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FC17603",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland [=Malawi]; altitude ca. 1,500 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08375.x","Cisticola aberrans nyika"],["22087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans lurio","Vincent, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi (east of Rift Valley) and adjacent northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F76F700",null,null,"Mirrote, Mozambique Province, Portuguese East Africa, lat. 13° 50' S., long. 39° 35' E.; altitude 1,500 feet.","Descriptions of one species and two subspecies from Portuguese East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/211/mode/1up","Cisticola [emini] lurio"],["22088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans aberrans","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.78,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B67EA69D",null,null,"'near Port Natal' = Durban, Natal. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), labeled interior S. Afr., fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 615.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/335/mode/1up","Drymoica aberrans"],["22089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans minor","Roberts, 1913","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.4 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern Mozambique, eastern Eswatini, and eastern and southeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1E2D1AB",null,null,"Port St. Johns district, Pondoland [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","The Grass-warblers of South Africa (Cisticola and Hemipteryx).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/305/mode/1up","Cisticola aberrans minor"],["22090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans admiralis","Bates, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Sierra Leone, Mali, and southern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB04C258",null,null,"Kulikoro (= Koulikoro), French Sudan.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/82/mode/1up","Cisticola emini admiralis"],["22091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans petrophilus","Alexander, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria and Cameroon eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-933E39D7",null,null,"northern Nigeria. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Pettu, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 655.","Description of two new species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/528/mode/1up","Cisticola petrophila"],["22092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola aberrans emini","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D4990E4",null,null,"Busisi, Tanganyika.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/70/mode/1up","Cisticola emini"],["22093","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola erythrops","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.58","Red-faced Cisticola","Red-faced Cisticola","Red-faced Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to montane damp shrub and tall grass, riparian thickets, and forest clearings, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to southwestern Sudan and Ethiopia, thence southward to western Angola and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713268","refcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refcis1","avibase-47053A35",null,null,"Calabar, Nigeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/132/mode/1up","Drymoeca erythrops"],["22094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola erythrops erythrops","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D343F15E",null,null,"Calabar, Nigeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/132/mode/1up","Drymoeca erythrops"],["22095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola erythrops pyrrhomitra","Reichenow, 1916","Journal für Ornithologie 64, no.1 p.162-163",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CF079A9",null,null,"Gallaland, Abyssinia.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43088#page/174/mode/1up","Cisticola pyrrhomitra"],["22096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola erythrops niloticus","Madarász, 1914","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12 p.591, pl. 11, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan (upper Blue Nile) and adjacent western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2DA37A5",null,null,"Blue Nile, Sudan, lat. 13° N.","A contribution to the ornithology of the eastern Sudan.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1914_Vol_12_558.pdf","Cisticola nilotica"],["22097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola erythrops sylvia","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern South Sudan to Kenya and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE7EF3F2",null,null,"Ulegga, inner African lakes region, Belgian Congo; probably Warega, near Lake Albert, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 666.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/44/mode/1up","Cisticola sylvia"],["22098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola erythrops nyasa","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Tanzania, northern Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C51EEB47",null,null,"Chiromo, Ruo district, Nyasaland.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05687.x","Cisticola erythrops nyasa"],["22099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola erythrops lepe","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EBCA2C5",null,null,"Lepe (= Lepi) Mission Station, Benguela, Angola; altitude 5,000 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05687.x","Cisticola erythrops lepe"],["22100","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5 p.96","Singing Cisticola","Singing Cisticola","Singing Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to montane understory in open woodland, undergrowth, riparian corridors in savanna, and juniper forest, from Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, thence southward (except in Congolian rainforest) to northern Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713279","sincis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sincis1","avibase-6B64558B",null,null,"Abyssinia. Type, in Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, from Gondar, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 623.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/120/mode/1up","Drymoeca cantans"],["22101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans swanzii","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A47F8D16",null,null,"Volta River, Gold Coast.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/498/mode/1up","Drymoeca swanzii"],["22102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans concolor","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.97-98, pl. II, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria to southern Sudan and South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE0596FB",null,null,"probably from the White Nile = presumably Upper Nile Province, Sudan, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 353, note.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/123/mode/1up","Drymoeca concolor"],["22103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans adamauae","Reichenow, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 no.11 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Congo and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4953298B",null,null,"Sagdshe, Adamaoua, Cameroon.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/189/mode/1up","Cisticola adamauae"],["22104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans cantans","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Eritrea to southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC06B5BA",null,null,"Abyssinia. Type, in Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, from Gondar, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 623.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/120/mode/1up","Drymoeca cantans"],["22105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans belli","Ogilvie-Grant, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1AEB009",null,null,"Muhokia, southeastern Ruwenzori. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Mokia (= Muhokya), near Lake George, Uganda, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 620.","Exhibition of two new species of Grass-Warbler from S.E. Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/97/mode/1up","Cisticola belli"],["22106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans pictipennis","Madarász, 1904","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 2 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya and northern Tanzania (south to Nguru Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83DE81C2",null,null,"Moshi, Tanganyika.","Zur Ornis deutsch-Ostafrikas.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1904_Vol_2_1_203.pdf","Cisticola pictipennis"],["22107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cantans muenzneri","Reichenow, 1916","Journal für Ornithologie 64, no.1 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains) to Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A4F0CAB",null,null,"Mahenge, Tanganyika. Type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Sanya, Mahenge district, southern Tanganyika, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 649.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43088#page/175/mode/1up","Cisticola münzneri"],["22108","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola carruthersi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.94","Carruthers's Cisticola","Carruthers's Cisticola","Carruthers's Cisticola",null,null,"foothill to submontane tall papyrus swamp from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Uganda and southwestern Kenya, and southward to Burundi and far northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713415","carcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carcis1","avibase-2C6D5362",null,null,"Mokia (= Muhokya), southeastern Ruwenzori, Uganda; altitude 3,400 feet.","Description of two new species of birds collected by the Ruwenzori Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/466/mode/1up","Cisticola carruthersi"],["22109","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola luapula","Lynes, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.169","Luapula Cisticola","Luapula Cisticola","Luapula Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in lowland reedbeds, emergent swampy vegetation, and grassy edges of seasonally inundated wetland, from northeastern Zambia and adjacent southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southward through Zambia and eastern and southern Angola to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, and far western Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776172","wincis5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wincis5","avibase-846B8B31",null,null,"Lake Bangweulu, northeastern Northern Rhodesia; altitude 3,800 feet.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of Cisticola, the first two resulting from his Central African tour with Mr. Jack Vincent in 1930-31, and the other from his visit with Mr. Willoughby Lowe to Southern Tanganyika Territory in 1931-32.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/207/mode/1up","Cisticola galactotes luapula"],["22110","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola galactotes","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.11, vol.3 pl.65 fig.1","Rufous-winged Cisticola","Rufous-winged Cisticola","Rufous-winged Cisticola",null,null,"lowland and foothill reedy wetland edges from southern Malawi southward through Mozambique and southeastern Zimbabwe to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776048","wincis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wincis2","avibase-D74437DE",null,null,"Nouvelle-Hollande'; error: South Africa (probably near Durban), fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 634; Durban, Natal, suggested by Clancey, 1964, Birds Natal Zululand, p. 373.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/273/mode/1up","Malurus galactotes"],["22111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola galactotes isodactylus","Peters, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi, Mozambique, and far southeastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A62ABFE0",null,null,"Lourenço Marques, Mozambique.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/144/mode/1up","Cisticola isodactyla"],["22112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola galactotes galactotes","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.11, vol.3 pl.65 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique and the eastern coast of South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D4B0FE3",null,null,"Nouvelle-Hollande'; error: South Africa (probably near Durban), fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 634; Durban, Natal, suggested by Clancey, 1964, Birds Natal Zululand, p. 373.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/273/mode/1up","Malurus galactotes"],["22113","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola haematocephalus","Cabanis, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.412","Coastal Cisticola","Coastal Cisticola","Coastal Cisticola",null,null,"lowland marsh, arid scrub, and vegetated dunes, in coastal plain from southern Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776144","wincis4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wincis4","avibase-E88C0B71",null,null,"no locality; type, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, from Mombasa, Kenya, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 635.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/428/mode/1up","Cisticola haematocephala"],["22114","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola anderseni","Fjeldså, Dinesen, Davies et al., 2021","Ibis vol.163, no.4 p.1330-1354","White-tailed Cisticola","White-tailed Cisticola","White-tailed Cisticola",null,null,"lowland riverine edge with long grass and sedge in south-central Tanzania (Kilombero River floodplain)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216557227","whtcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtcis1","avibase-69045C0B",null,null,"12 November 1961; collected at Kilombero River near Ulanga; this name does not refer to a recognized locality and may refer to the general area, but it seems plausible to believe that the collecting site was in the area near the ferry launch south of Ifa kara, 8°110S, 36°550E, 245 m (but given as 950 feet on the original label), in tall grass by the river (T. Andersen in litt. 1961).","Description of two new Cisticola species endemic to the marshes of the Kilombero floodplain of southwestern Tanzania","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351633341","Cisticola anderseni"],["22115","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola pipiens","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.404 pl.14 fig.58","Chirping Cisticola","Chirping Cisticola","Chirping Cisticola",null,null,"lowland papyrus swamps, reedbeds, and tall swamp grassland, from western Angola eastward to Burundi and southwestern Tanzania, thence southward to western Zambia and northeastern Namibia to northwestern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713411","chicis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chicis1","avibase-89A3C105",null,null,"Huambo, Benguela, Angola; altitude 5,500 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05690.x","Cisticola pipiens"],["22116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola pipiens congo","Lynes, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2922E45",null,null,"Elizabethville, southeastern Belgian Congo; altitude 4,000 feet.","Proposal of alterations to the classification of Cisticolae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/146/mode/1up","Cisticola pipiens congo"],["22117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola pipiens pipiens","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.404 pl.14 fig.58",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E1CF53E",null,null,"Huambo, Benguela, Angola; altitude 5,500 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05690.x","Cisticola pipiens"],["22118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola pipiens arundicola","Clancey, 1969","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (16) p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Angola (Cuando Cubango) to Botswana and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D70A070",null,null,"Sepopa, Ngamiland, northwestern Botswana.","A Catalogue of Birds of the South African Sub-Region, Supplement No.1.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1365","Cisticola pipiens arundicola"],["22119","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lugubris","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.111","Ethiopian Cisticola","Ethiopian Cisticola","Ethiopian Cisticola",null,null,"foothill to montane marsh edge rank vegetation, heath, and grassy savanna, in highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776131","wincis6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wincis6","avibase-3DF3F9B9",null,null,"Gondar, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/191/mode/1up","Sylvia (Cisticola) lugubris"],["22120","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola marginatus","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.94-95, pl. I, fig. 1","Winding Cisticola","Winding Cisticola","Winding Cisticola",null,null,"lowland and foothill reedbed and marsh edges, and wet tall grass, from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to southern Sudan, western Ethiopia, and northern Kenya, thence southward to northwestern Angola and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776094","wincis3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wincis3","avibase-1DA06308",null,null,"upper Abyad (= White Nile) and Gazelle River (= Bahr al Ghazal), and lower Bahr al Jebel (= White Nile). Type, in Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, from upper White Nile ca. lat. 7°-9° N., fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 645.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/116/mode/1up","Drymoeca marginata"],["22121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola marginatus amphilectus","Reichenow, 1875","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.129 p.44-45",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Ghana, coastal Nigeria, and western Congo basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5310BEB",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast.","Zur Vogelfauna Westafrika's. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Guinea. (Schluss ; siehe October-Heft 1874, Seite 353-388.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/56/mode/1up","Cisticola amphilecta"],["22122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola marginatus zalingei","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria eastward to southwestern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF4278D0",null,null,"Zalingei, Darfur.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05689.x","Cisticola galactotes zalingei"],["22123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola marginatus marginatus","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.94-95, pl. I, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan (White Nile Valley), South Sudan, western Ethiopia, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBD907A8",null,null,"upper Abyad (= White Nile) and Gazelle River (= Bahr al Ghazal), and lower Bahr al Jebel (= White Nile). Type, in Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, from upper White Nile ca. lat. 7°-9° N., fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 645.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/116/mode/1up","Drymoeca marginata"],["22124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola marginatus nyansae","Neumann, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6597D58A",null,null,"Sese Islands, Lake Victoria.","Neue afrikanische Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/92/mode/1up","Cisticola lugubris nyansae"],["22125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola marginatus suahelicus","Neumann, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tanzania to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23E9544D",null,null,"Begu, northern Usegua, Tanganyika.","Neue afrikanische Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/92/mode/1up","Cisticola lugubris suahelica"],["22126","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.476 pl.14 fig.1","Short-winged Cisticola","Siffling Cisticola","Short-winged Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to montane heath, savanna woodland, and thickets on termitaria, from Senegambia eastward through southern Niger and southern Chad to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and southern Somalia, thence southward to Angola and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713474","sifcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sifcis1","avibase-FBDCA962",null,null,"Volta River, Gold Coast.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/498/mode/1up","Drymoeca brachyptera"],["22127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus brachypterus","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.476 pl.14 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal southward to Liberia, eastward to Central African Republic, western South Sudan, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southward to northern coastal Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9966D1E3",null,null,"Volta River, Gold Coast.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/498/mode/1up","Drymoeca brachyptera"],["22128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus hypoxanthus","Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.4 p.624",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09BD60EB",null,null,"Magungo, December 11 [=Uganda]","On some new Birds discovered and collected by Dr. Emin Bey in Central Africa, between 5° and 2° N. lat., and 31° and 32° E. long","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/772/mode/1up","Cisticola hypoxantha"],["22129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus zedlitzi","Reichenow, 1909","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and Ethiopian plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F9314D3",null,null,"Mareb, Eritrea.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/60/mode/1up","Cisticola zedlitzi"],["22130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus reichenowi","Mearns, 1911","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.25 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Somalia to coastal Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-593DFB77",null,null,"Changamwe, near Mombasa, Kenya.","Descriptions of seven new African grass-warblers of the genus Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/534/mode/1up","Cisticola hypoxantha reichenowi"],["22131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus ankole","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.489, pl. 16, fig. 68",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uganda to Rwanda, Burundi, adjacent eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-204C155D",null,null,"Ankole, Uganda.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05696.x","Cisticola brachyptera ankole"],["22132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus kericho","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.491",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya (Kericho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CF07C71",null,null,"Kericho, southwestern Kenya.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05696.x","Cisticola brachyptera kericho"],["22133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus katonae","Madarász, 1904","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 2 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-010BCF58",null,null,"Boma-Gombe (= Boma La Ngombe), Tanganyika.","Zur Ornis deutsch-Ostafrikas.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1904_Vol_2_1_203.pdf","Cisticola katonae"],["22134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus loanda","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.486, pl. 16, fig. 69",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Zambia and interior Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33130FC8",null,null,"Lepe (= Lepi), Benguela district, Angola; altitude 4,900 feet.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05696.x","Cisticola brachyptera loanda"],["22135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola brachypterus isabellinus","Reichenow, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tanzania to Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and eastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08B71B45",null,null,"Songea, Tanganyika.","Zwei neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/78/mode/1up","Cisticola isabellina"],["22136","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola njombe","Lynes, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.170","Churring Cisticola","Churring Cisticola","Churring Cisticola",null,null,"disjunctly in montane grassland, and bracken-brier scrub, of southern Tanzanian highlands, and of northeastern Zambia and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713401","chucis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chucis2","avibase-3B7E808C",null,null,"near Njombe, Ubena highlands, southern Tanganyika; altitude 6,500 feet.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of Cisticola, the first two resulting from his Central African tour with Mr. Jack Vincent in 1930-31, and the other from his visit with Mr. Willoughby Lowe to Southern Tanganyika Territory in 1931-32.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/208/mode/1up","Cisticola aberrans njombe"],["22137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola njombe njombe","Lynes, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70D396B2",null,null,"near Njombe, Ubena highlands, southern Tanganyika; altitude 6,500 feet.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of Cisticola, the first two resulting from his Central African tour with Mr. Jack Vincent in 1930-31, and the other from his visit with Mr. Willoughby Lowe to Southern Tanganyika Territory in 1931-32.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/208/mode/1up","Cisticola aberrans njombe"],["22138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola njombe mariae","Benson, 1945","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zambia and western Malawi (Nyika Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0C10532",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland [=Malawi]; altitude 8,000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/40/mode/1up","Cisticola lais mariae"],["22139","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola tinniens","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.13","Levaillant's Cisticola","Levaillant's Cisticola","Levaillant's Cisticola",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane moist grassland, sedges and reedbeds, and bamboo, of western Kenya highlands, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and from central Angola eastward to northeastern Zambia, thence southward through Zimbabwe to South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713419","tincis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tincis1","avibase-F936B680",null,null,"Kaffirland = Likwa (Vaal) River, fide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge, Tervuren, n. s., 4°, Sci. Zool., 1, pp. 79, 81.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92528#page/15/mode/1up","Malurus tinniens"],["22140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola tinniens dyleffi","Prigogine, 1952","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 46 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains northwest of Lake Tanganyika (west of Ruzizi Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE7C4CD6",null,null,"Mt. Mohi (= Muhi), Belgian Congo, lat. 2° 5r S., long. 28° 45' E.; altitude 3,170 meters.","Quatre nouveaux oiseaux du Congo belge.",null,"Cisticola tinniens dyleffi"],["22141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola tinniens oreophilus","Van Someren, 1922","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.1 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E7CC855",null,null,"Mt. Kenya; altitude 7,000 feet.","Notes on the birds of East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/230/mode/1up","Cisticola tinniens oreophila"],["22142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola tinniens shiwae","White, 1947","Ostrich 18 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zambia to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E654EF0",null,null,"Lake Young (= Shiwa Ngandu/Ishiba Ngandu), Chinsali, Northern Rhodesia.","Notes on some little-known birds from Northern Rhodesia.",null,"Cisticola tinniens shiwae"],["22143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola tinniens perpullus","Hartert, 1920","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.2 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDE085B8",null,null,"Bailundu (= Bailundo), Benguela, Angola.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/548/mode/1up","Cisticola tinniens perpulla"],["22144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola tinniens tinniens","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe to south-central and southeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF9FBA50",null,null,"Kaffirland = Likwa (Vaal) River, fide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge, Tervuren, n. s., 4°, Sci. Zool., 1, pp. 79, 81.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92528#page/15/mode/1up","Malurus tinniens"],["22145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola tinniens elegans","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68DEB5AE",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope [South Africa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/259/mode/1up","Drymoica elegans"],["22146","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola nigriloris","Shelley, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.12 p.536 pl.12 fig.2","Black-lored Cisticola","Black-lored Cisticola","Black-lored Cisticola",null,null,"foothill to montane tall grass, bracken-briar, forest edge, and secondary growth, in highlands of southern Tanzania, northeastern Zambia, and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713313","bllcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bllcis1","avibase-9C320DCB",null,null,"Kombi (= Kombe), Masuku (= Misuku) Range, northern Nyasaland; altitude 7,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., during his Expedition to the Nyika Plateau in North Nyasaland. With an Introduction by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/598/mode/1up","Cisticola nigriloris"],["22147","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bakerorum","Fjeldså, Dinesen, Davies et al., 2021","Ibis vol.163, no.4 p.1330-1354","Kilombero Cisticola","Kilombero Cisticola","Kilombero Cisticola",null,null,"lowland flooded reedbed and tall sedge in south-central Tanzania (Kilombero River floodplain)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216556469","kilcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kilcis1","avibase-43B615B3",null,null,"12 November 1961; collected at Kilombero River near Ulanga; this name does not refer to a recognized locality and may refer to the general area (N. Baker in litt.) but it seems plausible to believe that the collecting site was in the area near the ferry launch south of Ifakara, 8°110S, 36°550E, elevation c. 245 m (but given as 950 feet on the original label), collected in tall grass by the Kilombero River (T. Andersen in litt. 1961).","Description of two new Cisticola species endemic to the marshes of the Kilombero floodplain of southwestern Tanzania","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351633341","Cisticola bakerorum"],["22148","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola hunteri","Shelley, 1889","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.364","Hunter's Cisticola","Hunter's Cisticola","Hunter's Cisticola",null,null,"submontane and montane dense understory in forest edge and clearings, bamboo thickets, open moorland scrub, and marshy rank growth, in highlands of eastern Uganda (Mt. Elgon), west-central Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713309","huncis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/huncis1","avibase-373DCDF4",null,null,"Mt. Kilimanjaro.","On the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/480/mode/1up","Cisticola hunteri"],["22149","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chubbi","Sharpe, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.157","Chubb's Cisticola","Chubb's Cisticola","Chubb's Cisticola",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane tall grassland, forest edges, and bracken-brier, of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda southward to Burundi and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastern Uganda and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730835","chucis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chucis1","avibase-4849AA43",null,null,"Kimangtichi ( = Mangiki), Mt. Elgon, Kenya.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part III. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/189/mode/1up","Cisticola chubbi"],["22150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chubbi adametzi","Reichenow, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F77BFD28",null,null,"Bamenda, Cameroon.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/189/mode/1up","Cisticola adametzi"],["22151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chubbi discolor","Sjöstedt, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon (Mount Cameroon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6720FA79",null,null,"Mann's Spring, Mt. Cameroon; altitude ca. 7,000 feet.","Cisticola discolor n. sp. von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/98/mode/1up","Cisticola discolor"],["22152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chubbi chubbi","Sharpe, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5CCA56D",null,null,"Kimangtichi ( = Mangiki), Mt. Elgon, Kenya.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part III. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/189/mode/1up","Cisticola chubbi"],["22153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chubbi marungensis","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B8C3F83",null,null,"Ketendwe (= Kitendwe), Marungu highland, Belgian Congo; altitude 6,050 feet.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Cisticola chubbi marungensis"],["22154","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola rufus","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.17","Rufous Cisticola","Rufous Cisticola","Rufous Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill grassy savanna, and semiarid scrub. from Senegambia eastward to southern Chad, and southward to northern Sierra Leone, northern Ghana, and northwestern Central African Republic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713479","rufcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcis1","avibase-81851E47",null,null,"Quorra (= Benue) River, opposite Idah, Niger River, Nigeria.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/385/mode/1up","Drymoica rufa"],["22155","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola troglodytes","(Antinori, 1864)","Catalogo descrittivo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nell'interno dell'Affrica centrale nord dal maggio 1859 al luglio 1861 p.38","Foxy Cisticola","Foxy Cisticola","Foxy Cisticola",null,null,"foothill and montane grassy woodland, semiarid savanna, and riparian scrub, from southern Chad eastward to southern Sudan and western Ethiopia, southward to Central African Republic and far western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713483","foxcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/foxcis1","avibase-844A290B",null,null,"Djur (= Jur), Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103632#page/74/mode/1up","Drymoica? troglodytes"],["22156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola troglodytes troglodytes","(Antinori, 1864)","Catalogo descrittivo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nell'interno dell'Affrica centrale nord dal maggio 1859 al luglio 1861 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chad, Central African Republic, southern Sudan, South Sudan, and far western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF7FAD67",null,null,"Djur (= Jur), Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103632#page/74/mode/1up","Drymoica? troglodytes"],["22157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola troglodytes ferrugineus","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.258-259",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan (upper Blue Nile), eastern South Sudan, and adjacent western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8C7DB83",null,null,"Sarogo (Sarakwo, Saraco) Province, western Abyssinian highlands.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/270/mode/1up","Cisticola ferruginea"],["22158","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola nana","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.235,260","Tiny Cisticola","Tiny Cisticola","Tiny Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid and semiarid acacia savanna, edges of saltpans, and grassy open woodland, from southeastern South Sudan and southern Ethiopia southward to northern and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713487","tincis3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tincis3","avibase-BF29E8B6",null,null,"Ngaruka, Masailand, Arusha district, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/272/mode/1up","Cisticola nana"],["22159","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola angusticauda","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.69","Long-tailed Cisticola","Tabora Cisticola","Tabora Cisticola",null,null,"lowland and foothill grassland within miombo woodland, and grassy acacia savanna, from southwestern Uganda, eastern Rwanda, and southwestern Kenya southward through Tanzania to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713453","tabcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabcis1","avibase-9CE4FC4C",null,null,"Gonda ( = Igonda, Ugunda), Tabora district, Tanganyika.","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Arten II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/81/mode/1up","Cisticola augusticauda"],["22160","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola melanurus","Cabanis, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.159 p.349","Black-tailed Cisticola","Black-tailed Cisticola","Black-tailed Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to foothill miombo woodland in southwestern and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northeastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713459","sltcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sltcis1","avibase-388BABD6",null,null,"Angola.","[Über die Sammlungen des Afrikareisenden Otto Schütt aus Angola, West-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/361/mode/1up","Dryodromas melanurus"],["22161","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.217","Neddicky","Piping Cisticola","Neddicky",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane woodland understory, acacia savanna, and scrub on rocky slopes of southeastern Gabon, southern Republic of the Congo, and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and from Angola eastward to southern Tanzania, thence southward to northern Namibia and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713444","pipcis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pipcis2","avibase-8220168F",null,null,"Camdeboo ex Levaillant = Graaff-Reinet, eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/233/mode/1up","Sylvia fulvicapilla"],["22162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla dispar","Sousa, 1887","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.98, 106",null,null,null,null,null,"western Democratic Republic of the Congo to southeastern Gabon, central plateau of Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7D0ABA2",null,null,"Quissange, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54858#page/126/mode/1up","Cisticola dispar"],["22163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla muelleri","Alexander, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Zambia to eastern Tanzania, Mozambique, and northeastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AC8A154",null,null,"Zambezi River. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Mesanangue, lower Zambezi River, Mozambique, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 649","Account of a recent expedition to the Zambesi River and its tributaries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/569/mode/1up","Cisticola muelleri"],["22164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla hallae","Benson, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.8 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to southwestern Zambia, northwestern Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C123AF6",null,null,"Tsotsoroghe (= Tsotsoroga) Pan, northeastern Bechuanaland.","New Forms of Pipit, Longclaw, Robin-Chat, Grass-Warbler, Sunbird, Quail-Finch and Canary from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/151/mode/1up","Cisticola fulvicapilla hallae"],["22165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla dexter","Clancey, 1971","Durban Museum Novitates 9 pt5 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"central Zimbabwe, southeastern Botswana, and savanna areas of northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F0E72C9",null,null,"Bathoen Dam, Kanye, southeastern Botswana, lat. 24° 59' S., long. 25° 22' E.",null,"https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1946","Cisticola fulvicapilla dextra"],["22166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla ruficapilla","(Smith, 1842)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.16 pl.73, fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DD2539F",null,null,"interior of Cape Colony; restricted to the lower reaches of the Vaal River valley, northern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1959, Ostrich, 30, p. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/305/mode/1up","Drymoica ruficapilla"],["22167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla lebombo","Roberts, 1936","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to Eswatini, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E202FB7",null,null,"Lebombo Mountains, northern Zululand.","Report upon a survey of the higher Vertebrates of northeastern Zululand.",null,"Dryodromas fulvicapilla lebombo"],["22168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla fulvicapilla","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (eastern Eastern Cape to Drakensberg escarpment) and western Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FD8B92E",null,null,"Camdeboo ex Levaillant = Graaff-Reinet, eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/233/mode/1up","Sylvia fulvicapilla"],["22169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla dumicola","Clancey, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103, no.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central South Africa (Eastern Cape to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3568C7B",null,null,"Inanda, north of Durban, Natal.","On the nominate race of Cisticola fulvicapilla (Vieillot), 1817.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/60/mode/1up","Cisticola fulvicapilla dumicola"],["22170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola fulvicapilla silberbauer","Roberts, 1919","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 6 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (southern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8C325BF",null,null,"L'Ormarins estate, Paarl district, foot of Groot Drakenstein Mountains, Cape Province.","Some notes on birds and descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202290#page/165/mode/1up","Dryodromas fulvicapilla silberbauer"],["22171","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cinereolus","Salvadori, 1888","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.254","Ashy Cisticola","Ashy Cisticola","Ashy Cisticola",null,null,"foothill to montane arid grassland, and dry acacia savanna, from central Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward to southeastern South Sudan, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713340","ashcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashcis1","avibase-71F6A3F0",null,null,"Farre, Awash valley, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/260/mode/1up","Cisticola cinereola"],["22172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cinereolus cinereolus","Salvadori, 1888","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Ethiopia and southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAE6BB5A",null,null,"Farre, Awash valley, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/260/mode/1up","Cisticola cinereola"],["22173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola cinereolus schillingsi","Reichenow, 1905","Mit Blitzlicht und Büchse: neue Beobachtungen und Erlebnisse in der Wildnis inmitten der Tierwelt von Äquatorial-Ostafrika p.556",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, southern Somalia, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C612F009",null,null,"Doinyo Erok, Eastern Masai Province, Kenya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91318#page/628/mode/1up","Cisticola schillingsi"],["22174","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola guinea","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.542","Dorst's Cisticola","Dorst's Cisticola","Dorst's Cisticola",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill grassy understory of dry woodland and wooded savanna, grassy thickets, and fallow fields, from Senegambia eastward across Sahel to northern Cameroon and southern Chad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713355","dorcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dorcis1","avibase-6078DEED",null,null,"Kintampo, Ashanti Province, Gold Coast.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05702.x","Cisticola ruficeps guinea"],["22175","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ruficeps","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.54 pl.36 fig.a","Red-pate Cisticola","Red-pate Cisticola","Red-pate Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, and dry savanna, from northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia, thence southward to northern Central Africa Republic and northern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713344","repcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/repcis1","avibase-8338F12F",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/284/mode/1up","Malurus ruficeps"],["22176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ruficeps ruficeps","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.54 pl.36 fig.a",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, and southern Chad eastward to southwestern Sudan and southwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-816EF34A",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/284/mode/1up","Malurus ruficeps"],["22177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ruficeps scotopterus","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan (White and Blue Nile valleys) to Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D2A6C8F",null,null,"Sennar. Type, in Riksmuseet, Stockholm, from Bahr el Azraq (lower Blue Nile), lat. 13° N., fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 661.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/139/mode/1up","Drymoica scotoptera"],["22178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola ruficeps mongalla","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.541 pl.18 fig.79",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Sudan (upper White Nile) and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EF92A08",null,null,"Malek, Mongalla Province, Sudan.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb05702.x","Cisticola ruficeps mongalla"],["22179","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola woosnami","Ogilvie-Grant, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.72","Trilling Cisticola","Trilling Cisticola","Trilling Cisticola",null,null,"lowland and foothill grassland within open woodland, rocky hillsides, and riparian scrub, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and southwestern Kenya, southward to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Zambia, and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713291","tricis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tricis1","avibase-5BD1E605",null,null,"southeastern Ruwenzori; altitude 3,400 feet. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Mokia (= Muhokya), near Lake George, Uganda, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 672.","Exhibition of two new species of Grass-Warbler from S.E. Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/98/mode/1up","Cisticola woosnami"],["22180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola woosnami woosnami","Ogilvie-Grant, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, Burundi, and northern Tanzania (southward to Iringa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-092FD2E8",null,null,"southeastern Ruwenzori; altitude 3,400 feet. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Mokia (= Muhokya), near Lake George, Uganda, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 672.","Exhibition of two new species of Grass-Warbler from S.E. Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/98/mode/1up","Cisticola woosnami"],["22181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola woosnami lufira","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania (Kigoma and Rukwa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D09E3698",null,null,"upper Lufira River, Upper Luapula District, Belgian Congo.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08347.x","Cisticola woosnami lufira"],["22182","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lateralis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.16","Whistling Cisticola","Whistling Cisticola","Whistling Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassy open woodland, thickets, and brushy termitaria, from Senegambia eastward to South Sudan and western Kenya, thence southward to southern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Angola, and far northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713283","whicis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whicis1","avibase-5A184029",null,null,"Cape Palmas, Liberia.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/384/mode/1up","Drymoica lateralis"],["22183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lateralis lateralis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Nigeria and Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF16B068",null,null,"Cape Palmas, Liberia.","Exhibition and description of eight new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/384/mode/1up","Drymoica lateralis"],["22184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lateralis antinorii","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.102-103",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic to western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F17265A",null,null,"'nello interno del Gazal,' between lat. 6° and 7°N. = Jur, Bahr al Ghazal, fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 287.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/128/mode/1up","Drymoeca antinorii"],["22185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola lateralis modestus","(Bocage, 1880)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 8 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to northern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B42BE703",null,null,"Río Loemma ( = Loeme), Loango coast, French Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128412#page/63/mode/1up","Drymoica (Cisticola) modesta"],["22186","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola anonymus","(Müller, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.15 p.197","Chattering Cisticola","Chattering Cisticola","Chattering Cisticola",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill tall grass with scattered bushes, swampy grassland, secondary growth, and plantations, from southern Nigeria eastward to southern Central African Republic and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to northwestern Angola, and in southeastern Sierra Leone and Liberia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713287","chacis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chacis1","avibase-01CFA60A",null,null,"West-Afrika","Systematisches Verzeichniss der Vögel Afrika's","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/209/mode/1up","Drymoeca anonyma"],["22187","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bulliens","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.315 pl.11 fig.46","Bubbling Cisticola","Bubbling Cisticola","Bubbling Cisticola",null,null,"lowland dry savanna with thickets, forest edge, and coastal scrub, from Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and western Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to southwestern Angola (Namibe Plain)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713295","bubcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubcis1","avibase-F550D7D6",null,null,"Lobito Bay, Angola.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08350.x","Cisticola bulliens"],["22188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bulliens septentrionalis","Tye, 1992","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112, no.1 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabinda and lower Congo River to northern Angola (southward to Gabela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22AEAF06",null,null,"Ndala Tando (9°13'S, 14°56'E), Angola","A new subspecies of Cisticola bulliens from northern Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/351/mode/1up","Cisticola bulliens septentrionalis"],["22189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bulliens bulliens","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.315 pl.11 fig.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola (Benguela escarpment)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AA58B56",null,null,"Lobito Bay, Angola.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08350.x","Cisticola bulliens"],["22190","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola restrictus","Traylor, 1967","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 87 p.45","Tana River Cisticola","Tana River Cisticola","Tana River Cisticola",null,null,"lowland semiarid acacia thornscrub on flat sandy plains in eastern Kenya (lower Tana River valley)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713394","tarcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tarcis1","avibase-2E0E6C82",null,null,"Karawa, lower Tana River, Kenya, lat. 2° 38' S., long. 40° 12' E.","A new species of Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/73/mode/1up","Cisticola restricta"],["22191","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bodessa","Mearns, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.11 p.2-3","Boran Cisticola","Boran Cisticola","Boran Cisticola",null,null,"foothill and montane grassy savanna, and rocky hillsides with shrubs, from Eritrea and central Ethiopia southward to eastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713329","borcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borcis1","avibase-F8469E3F",null,null,"Bodessa, near the Sagan River, southern Abyssinia.","Descriptions of six new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/312/mode/1up","Cisticola subruficapilla bodessa"],["22192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bodessa kaffensis","Érard, 1974","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94, no.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ethiopia (Kaffa Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E04D2BCA",null,null,"between Walkite (= Uolchitte) and Abalti, ca. lat. 8° 12' N., long. 37° 40' E., Kaffa Province, Ethiopia.","The problem of the Boran Cisticola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/266/mode/1up","Cisticola bodessa kaffensis"],["22193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola bodessa bodessa","Mearns, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.11 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eritrea, southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89792510",null,null,"Bodessa, near the Sagan River, southern Abyssinia.","Descriptions of six new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/312/mode/1up","Cisticola subruficapilla bodessa"],["22194","species","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.79,text","Rattling Cisticola","Rattling Cisticola","Rattling Cisticola",null,null,"lowland to foothill savanna, dry woodland, and semiarid scrub, from Eritrea and Ethiopia southward to northern Uganda and Kenya, and from southeastern Gabon eastward to Tanzania, thence southward to northern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713333","ratcis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ratcis1","avibase-909FEE8A",null,null,"'near Kurrichane' = Zeerust, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/339/mode/1up","Drymoica chiniana"],["22195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana simplex","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.105-106",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBEA2BB6",null,null,"'country of the Kidj negroes,' Bahr al Jebel (= White Nile), Sudan.","The Malurinae of North-eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/131/mode/1up","Drymoeca simplex"],["22196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana fricki","Mearns, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.11 p.3-4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CADBAAEC",null,null,"east shore of Lake Abaya, southern Abyssinia; altitude 3,600 feet.","Descriptions of six new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/313/mode/1up","Cisticola subruficapilla fricki"],["22197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana fortis","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.321, pl. 11, fig. 47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to Zambia, southern Congo, Gabon, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D6F9CF8",null,null,"Pedreira, Bihe (= Bie) district, Angola.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08350.x","Cisticola fortis"],["22198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana humilis","Madarász, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya and northeastern Uganda; northern Tanzania (Loliondo region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F091F13",null,null,"Mt. Lettema (= Settima), Kenya.","Cisticola humilis n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/184/mode/1up","Cisticola humilis"],["22199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana fischeri","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.162-163",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Tanzania (south to Tabora region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D742BECB",null,null,"Tura, Tabora district, Tanganyika.","Uebersicht der von Dr. Emin Pascha auf seiner Reise von Bagamojo bis Tabora gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/174/mode/1up","Cisticola fischeri"],["22200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana ukamba","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.267,670 pl.10 fig.38",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1F41583",null,null,"Masongaleni, Ukamba district, Kenya",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08344.x","Cisticola chiniana ukamba"],["22201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana victoria","Lynes, 1930","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, Cisticola Suppl. p.264, 671",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Victoria basin (southwestern Kenya and adjacent Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-924AFD2B",null,null,"Kisumu, Victoria Nyanza, Kenya.","Review of the genus Cisticola.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb08344.x","Cisticola chiniana victoria"],["22202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana heterophrys","Oberholser, 1906","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 3 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0AB203D",null,null,"Mombasa, Kenya.","Description of two new birds from British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38747#page/550/mode/1up","Cisticola heterophrys"],["22203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana keithi","Parkes, 1987","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 56, no.13 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Tanzania (Dodoma to Iringa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63E0548F",null,null,"50 miles N of Dodoma, Dadoma (formerly Central) province, Tanzania","Taxonomic notes on some African warblers (Aves, Sylviinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216939#page/257/mode/1up","Cisticola chiniana keithi"],["22204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana mbeya","Parkes, 1987","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 56, no.13 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania (Mbeya to Chimala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-725190CE",null,null,"ca. 20 mi. ENE Mbeya, Southern Highlands Province, Tanzania, (elev. 1800 m)","Taxonomic notes on some African warblers (Aves, Sylviinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216939#page/260/mode/1up","Cisticola chiniana mbeya"],["22205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana emendatus","Vincent, 1944","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 64 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to northern Mozambique, Malawi, and far eastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8535771",null,null,"Mirrote, Mozambique Province, northern Portuguese East Africa, lat. 13° 50' S., long. 39° 35' E.; altitude 900 feet.","A new Race of Cisticola from Portuguese East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125661#page/87/mode/1up","Cisticola chiniana emendata"],["22206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana procerus","Peters, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Malawi (Chiromo) and northern Mozambique (Tete)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73AEC834",null,null,"Tete, Mozambique.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/144/mode/1up","Cisticola procera"],["22207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana frater","Reichenow, 1916","Journal für Ornithologie 64, no.1 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"central Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-610203A3",null,null,"Damaraland, South West Africa.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43088#page/174/mode/1up","Cisticola frater"],["22208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana bensoni","Traylor, 1964","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 84, no.5 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61F300D5",null,null,"Liuwa Plain, Kalabo district, Barotseland, Zambia.","Three new birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126839#page/121/mode/1up","Cisticola chiniana bensoni"],["22209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana smithersi","Hall, 1956","Ostrich 27 p.104,text",null,null,null,null,null,"western Zimbabwe to northwestern Botswana, southwestern Zambia, northern Namibia, and southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EB3B07F",null,null,"Panda Matenga, northeastern Bechuanaland.","Notes on a small collection of birds from Panda Matenga, N. E. Bechuanaland.",null,"Cisticola chiniana smithresi"],["22210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana chiniana","(Smith, 1843)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.17 pl.79,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, Zimbabwe, western Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CEEB488",null,null,"'near Kurrichane' = Zeerust, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/339/mode/1up","Drymoica chiniana"],["22211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cisticolidae","Cisticolas and allies","Cisticola chiniana campestris","Gould, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.145 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Mozambique, Eswatini, and eastern South Africa (southward to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C46B74BE",null,null,"Australia; error: southeastern Africa (probably Natal), fide Lynes, 1930, Ibis, Cisticola Suppl., p. 622; restricted to Durban, Natal, by Clancey, 1964, Birds Natal Zululand, p. 372.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Trogon, from South America, and seven new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/234/mode/1up","Cysticola campestris"],["22212","family","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalidae",null,null,"Reed Warblers and allies","Reed Warblers and Allies","Reed-warblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"acroce2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/acroce2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22213","genus","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Graueria","Hartert, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Graueria vittata [Hartert, E, 1908]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/380/mode/1up","Graueria"],["22214","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Graueria vittata","Hartert, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.8","Grauer's Warbler","Grauer's Warbler","Grauer's Warbler",null,null,"submontane to montane dense understory in primary forest, and vine tangles in gallery forest, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715019","grawar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grawar1","avibase-07AE29DF",null,null,"primeval forest 90 kilometers west of Lake Albert Edward (= Lake Edward), Belgian Congo; altitude 1,600 meters.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from Africa, India, and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/380/mode/1up","Graueria vittata"],["22215","genus","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ellisia typica [Hartlaub, 1860]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/221/mode/1up","Nesillas"],["22216","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas brevicaudata","(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1888)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin ser.2, vol.10, fasc.2 p.249,text","Grande Comore Brush Warbler","Grande Comore Brush-Warbler","Grande Comore Brush-warbler",null,null,"forest undergrowth of Grand Comoro Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714611","gcbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gcbwar1","avibase-D9E1EA36",null,null,"Angazija, Grand Comoro Island.","Études sur les mammifères et les oiseaux des îles Comores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/256620#page/263/mode/1up","Ellisia brevicaudata"],["22217","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas mariae","Benson, 1960","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.81","Moheli Brush Warbler","Moheli Brush-Warbler","Moheli Brush-warbler",null,null,"forest of Mohéli (Comoros)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714620","mohbrw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mohbrw1","avibase-0525E604",null,null,"Bandamale, Moheli, Comoro Islands; altitude 500 meters. 18 September 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands : results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Nesillas mariae"],["22218","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas typica","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.92","Malagasy Brush Warbler","Malagasy Brush-Warbler","Madagascar Brush-warbler","2025-0340","Taxon <em>longicaudata </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Nesillas typica</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Vocalizations appear poorly differentiated (Louette et al. 1988), rectrix number is variable within <em>typica </em>and <em>moheliensis </em>(Louette et al. 1988), and mitochondrial DNA data (Fuchs et al. 2016) indicate recent separation of <em>longicaudata</em>. Further research, including genomic data, warranted.","lowland to montane dense forest understory, coastal scrub, and plantation thickets, of Madagascar and Mohéli, Comoros",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778700","malbrw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malbrw1","avibase-B37EFDE7",null,null,"Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/104/mode/1up","Ellisia typica"],["22219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas typica moheliensis","Benson, 1960","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Mohéli (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B45F8BC",null,null,"Bandamale, Moheli, Comoro Islands; altitude 500 meters.","The birds of the Comoro Islands : results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Nesillas typica moheliensis"],["22220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas typica obscura","Delacour, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74C76E7E",null,null,"Namoroka, Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/496/mode/1up","Nesillas typica obscura"],["22221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas typica ellisii","(Schlegel & Pollen, 1868)","Recherches sur la faune de Madagascar et de ses dépendances. Vol. 2. Mammifères et oiseaux 2 p.91, pl. 28, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7C307C4",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99946#page/119/mode/1up","Drymoica ellisii"],["22222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas typica typica","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"central, southern and eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DF06CDE",null,null,"Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/104/mode/1up","Ellisia typica"],["22223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas typica longicaudata","(Newton, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"forest undergrowth of Anjouan (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7C20246",null,null,"Anjuan Island [=Nzwani], Comoro Islands","On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Anjuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/393/mode/1up","Ellisia longicaudata"],["22224","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas lantzii","(Grandidier, 1867)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.86","Subdesert Brush Warbler","Subdesert Brush-Warbler","Subdesert Brush-warbler",null,null,"subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724542","subbrw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subbrw1","avibase-F530CA35",null,null,"west coast, Madagascar.","Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux découverts à Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/92/mode/1up","Ellisia Lantzii"],["22225","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Nesillas aldabrana","Benson & Penny, 1968","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 88 p.102","Aldabra Brush Warbler","Aldabra Brush-Warbler","Aldabra Brush-warbler",null,null,"formerly Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles); extinct, last observed 1983","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714587","albwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/albwar1","avibase-63136DAC",null,null,"400 meters from western extremity of Middle Island, north coast of Aldabra Atoll.","A new species of warbler from the Aldabra Atoll.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/360/mode/1up","Nesillas aldabranus"],["22226","genus","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Hippolais","Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827","Neue Alpina 2 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hippolais italica [Conrad, 1827]; type by monotypy = Sylvia polyglotta Vieillot, 1817",null,null,null,"Hippolais"],["22227","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Hippolais icterina","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.194","Icterine Warbler","Icterine Warbler","Icterine Warbler",null,null,"breeds central Europe to western Siberia and northern Iran; winters to southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714916","ictwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ictwar1","avibase-869C978C",null,null,"France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/208/mode/1up","Sylvia icterina"],["22228","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Hippolais polyglotta","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.200","Melodious Warbler","Melodious Warbler","Melodious Warbler",null,null,"breeds southwestern Palearctic; winters in savanna of western Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714912","melwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melwar1","avibase-DCDD1BCA",null,null,"France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/214/mode/1up","Sylvia polyglotta"],["22229","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Hippolais languida","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.cc p.55","Upcher's Warbler","Upcher's Warbler","Upcher's Warbler",null,null,"breeds south-central Asia; winters in northeastern Africa and southern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714904","upcwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/upcwar1","avibase-B10AD127",null,null,"Syria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/65/mode/1up","Curruca languida"],["22230","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Hippolais olivetorum","(Strickland, 1837)","The birds of Europe 2 pl.107,text","Olive-tree Warbler","Olive-tree Warbler","Olive-tree Warbler",null,null,"breeds Balkan Peninsula and Türkiye; winters in eastern and southeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714908","oltwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oltwar1","avibase-791DED18",null,null,"Zante (= Zakinthos), Ionian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132861#page/241/mode/1up","Salicaria olivetorum"],["22231","genus","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Arundinax","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.595",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Arundinax olivaceus [Blyth, 1845]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa aedon Pallas, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/141/mode/1up","Arundinax"],["22232","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Arundinax aedon","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695","Thick-billed Warbler","Thick-billed Warbler","Thick-billed Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill dense thickets, tall grassland, and riverine woodland scrub, from south-central Siberia eastward to Amurland (Russia), and southward to Mongolia and northeastern China; migrates southward to southern Nepal, southern India, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714871","thbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbwar1","avibase-213C212A",null,null,"Dauria (= southeastern Transbaikalia, eastern Siberia).",null,null,"Muscicapa Aëdon"],["22233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Arundinax aedon aedon","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Siberia to western Mongolia; winters to Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5053580",null,null,"Dauria (= southeastern Transbaikalia, eastern Siberia).",null,null,"Muscicapa Aëdon"],["22234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Arundinax aedon rufescens","(Stegmann, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia to Mongolia; winters to southeastern China, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9774684",null,null,"Radde, eastern Amurland.","Neue Formen aus Ost-Sibirien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917256","Phragamaticola aëdon rufescens"],["22235","genus","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna","Keyserling & Blasius, 1840","Die Wirbelthiere Europa's. Erstes Buch: Die unterscheidenden Charactere p.lviii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia caligata [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Iduna"],["22236","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna caligata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara p.128","Booted Warbler","Booted Warbler","Booted Warbler",null,null,"breeds Eastern Palearctic; winters to India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714891","boowar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boowar1","avibase-1A6C6F17",null,null,"Ilek River, near Orenburg.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/286992#page/146/mode/1up","Sylvia caligata"],["22237","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna rama","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.89","Sykes's Warbler","Sykes's Warbler","Sykes's Warbler",null,null,"breeds lower Volga River eastward to eastern Kazakhstan (Lake Balkhash) and far western China (western and central Xinjiang), southward to southern Iran, Afghanistan, and western Pakistan, locally in northwestern India; small resident population in northeastern United Arab Emirates (Khor Kalba) and northwestern Oman (mangroves of Batinah coast); non-breeding to Indian Subcontinent",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714894","sykwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sykwar2","avibase-A8242804",null,null,"Dukhun (= Deccan), India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/293/mode/1up","Sylvia rama"],["22238","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna pallida","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.53","Eastern Olivaceous Warbler","Eastern Olivaceous Warbler","Eastern Olivaceous Warbler",null,null,"patchy lowland to foothill fragmented woodland with much undergrowth, riverine forest, trees or bushes at lake-edge, and plantations, from southeastern Europe and Türkiye eastward to northwestern China, and southward to Morocco, Niger, northern Nigeria, northern Sudan, and Arabia; Eurasian population migrates southward as far as Sinegal, Chad, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734747","eaowar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaowar1","avibase-BAE527A2",null,null,"the Nile in Egypt and Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/63/mode/1up","Curruca pallida"],["22239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna pallida elaeica","(Lindermayer, 1843)","Isis von Oken 36, heft 5 col.343",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Europe to Iran and southwestern Asia; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8713B2A6",null,null,"Greece.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47581#page/188/mode/1up","Salicaria elaeica"],["22240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna pallida reiseri","(Hilgert, 1908)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 4 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Algerian Sahara, southern Morocco, Mauritania, and Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEF62556",null,null,"Biskra, Algeria.","Hypolais pallida reiseri subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55157#page/379/mode/1up","Hypolais pallida reiseri"],["22241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna pallida pallida","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Egypt, southward through Western Desert oases and Nile Valley to central Sudan; winters Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D34262ED",null,null,"the Nile in Egypt and Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/63/mode/1up","Curruca pallida"],["22242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna pallida alulensis","(Ash, Pearson & Bensch, 2005)","Ibis vol.147 p.841",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-036A09E9",null,null,"Alula (11°58'N, 50°46'E), Somalia, 5 May 1980. Collected in coastal mangroves by J.S. Ash and J.E. Miskell","A new race of Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida in Somalia","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00465.x","Hippolais pallida alulensis"],["22243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna pallida laeneni","(Niethammer, 1955)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 1/2, Jahrgang 6 p.66-67",null,null,null,null,null,"Niger, Chad, and Nigeria to western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-251C5D86",null,null,"Bol, on east shore of Lake Chad.","Zur Vogelwelt des Ennedi-Gebirges (Französisch Äquatorial-Afrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/412/mode/1up","Hippolais pallida laeneni"],["22244","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna opaca","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.36,note","Western Olivaceous Warbler","Western Olivaceous Warbler","Western Olivaceous Warbler",null,null,"Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734089","weowar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weowar1","avibase-A7275096",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/52/mode/1up","Hypolais opaca"],["22245","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna similis","(Richmond, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.2 p.163","Mountain Yellow Warbler","Mountain Yellow-Warbler","Mountain Yellow Warbler",null,null,"submontane to montane forest edge, riparian thickets, heath scrub, bracken-briar, and overgrown cultivation, from southeastern South Sudan and western Kenya southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, and adjacent eastern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714927","moywar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moywar1","avibase-E999FD2D",null,null,"Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika; altitude 10,000 feet.","Description of ten new species of birds discovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region of East Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/3/","Chloropeta similis"],["22246","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna natalensis","(Smith, 1847)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.25 pl.112, fig.2,text","African Yellow Warbler","African Yellow-Warbler","African Yellow Warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to lower montane thickets, reedy marsh, bracken-briar, and scrubby gardens, from eastern Nigeria eastward to western Ethiopia, and southward to central Angola and eastern South Africa; local downslope movement after breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714920","afywar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afywar1","avibase-EBBD09CA",null,null,"near Port Natal (= Durban), Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/489/mode/1up","Chloropeta natalensis"],["22247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna natalensis batesi","(Sharpe, 1905)","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.19 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria eastward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25C7A7D9",null,null,"Ja (= Dja) River, southern Cameroon.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. With Notes by the Collector, G. L. Bates. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/492/mode/1up","Chloropeta batesi"],["22248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna natalensis massaica","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan and Ethiopia to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and northwestern and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EDC4EB5",null,null,"Tschaga (= Chagga), base of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/66/mode/1up","Chloropeta massaica"],["22249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna natalensis major","(Hartert, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon and Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-872E65B7",null,null,"Canhoca, northern Angola.","New species of birds from Angola and Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/559/mode/1up","Chloropeta natalensis major"],["22250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Iduna natalensis natalensis","(Smith, 1847)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.25 pl.112, fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia and southern Tanzania to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F68DDB6",null,null,"near Port Natal (= Durban), Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/489/mode/1up","Chloropeta natalensis"],["22251","genus","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Calamonastides","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 no.433 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chloropeta gracilirostris [Ogilvie-Grant, 1906]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/121/mode/1up","Calamonastides"],["22252","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Calamonastides gracilirostris","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.33","Papyrus Yellow Warbler","Papyrus Yellow-Warbler",null,"2025-0339","Taxon <em>bensoni </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Calamonastides gracilirostris </em>pending further research. Differences in size, plumage color, iris color, and vocalizations have been documented (Maclean et al. 2003) but these may reflect geographical and dialectical variation; formal bioacoustic and genetic analyses required.","patchy in foothill papyrus swamp from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya, southward to northern Burundi and far northwestern Tanzania, and in northern Zambia",null,null,null,"paywar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paywar1","avibase-25F4FE96",null,null,"southeastern slopes of Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda; altitude 3,400 feet. Type from Mokia (= Muhokya), Uganda, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 415.","On three new species from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/457/mode/1up","Chloropeta gracilirostris"],["22253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Calamonastides gracilirostris gracilirostris","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Kenya, western Uganda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB79F02F",null,null,"southeastern slopes of Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda; altitude 3,400 feet. Type from Mokia (= Muhokya), Uganda, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 415.","On three new species from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/457/mode/1up","Chloropeta gracilirostris"],["22254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Calamonastides gracilirostris bensoni","(Amadon, 1954)","Ostrich 25 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zambia (mouth of Luapula River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D092ED10",null,null,"mouth of Luapula River, Lake Mweru, Northern Rhodesia, lat. 9° 23' S., long. 28° 30' E.","A new race of Chloropeta gracilirostris Ogilvie-Grant.",null,"Chloropeta gracilirostris bensoni"],["22255","genus","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus","Naumann & Naumann, 1811","Naturgeschichte der Land- und Wasser-Vögel des nördlichen Deutschlands und angränzender Länder, nach eignen Erfahrungen entworfen, und nach dem Leben gezeichnet p.199",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus arundinaceus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 21).   ",null,null,null,"Acrocephalus"],["22256","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus schoenobaenus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184","Sedge Warbler","Sedge Warbler","Sedge Warbler",null,null,"breeds Palearctic region; winters to southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714700","sedwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sedwar1","avibase-FED5AED5",null,null,"Europe; restricted to southern Sweden by Hartert, 1909, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 566, referring to Linnaeus, 1746, Fauna Svecica, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla Schoenobaenus"],["22257","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus bistrigiceps","Swinhoe, 1860","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.51","Black-browed Reed Warbler","Black-browed Reed Warbler","Black-browed Reed-warbler",null,null,"southeastern Russia (southeastern Siberia, Amur Valley, and Ussuriland), northeastern and eastern China, Korean Peninsula (scarce), Sakhalin, and Japan (Hokkaido southward to Kyushu); non-breeding northeastern India eastward to southern and southeastern China and Taiwan southward to Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714709","bbrwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbrwar1","avibase-1DB9A114",null,null,"Amoy (= Hsia-men), China.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/79/mode/1up","Acrocephalus bistrigiceps"],["22258","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus sorghophilus","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.92","Speckled Reed Warbler","Streaked Reed Warbler","Streaked Reed-warbler",null,null,"breeds northeastern China (Liaoning to Hubei); winters in Philippines",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714704","strwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwar1","avibase-D96A9FC9",null,null,"Amoy (= Hsia-men), Fukien, China.","On New and little-known Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/140/mode/1up","Calamodyta sorghophila"],["22259","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus paludicola","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.202","Aquatic Warbler","Aquatic Warbler","Aquatic Warbler",null,null,"breeds mainly open marshes of western Palearctic; winters in Africa",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714696","aquwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aquwar1","avibase-C15141A6",null,null,"Lorraine and Picardy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/216/mode/1up","Sylvia paludicola"],["22260","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus melanopogon","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.3 pl.245 fig.2,text","Moustached Warbler","Moustached Warbler","Moustached Warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill reedbeds in freshwater and brackish marsh, and small reedy marsh in steppe and semi-desert, from Spain and eastern Europe eastward to eastern Kazakhstan, and southward to Greece, Türkiye, and northern Iran; most populations migrate southward at far as northwestern Africa, Middle East, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714693","mouwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwar1","avibase-E1559C49",null,null,"'campagnes pres de Rome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/307/mode/1up","Sylvia melanopogon"],["22261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus melanopogon melanopogon","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.3 pl.245 fig.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean basin (Europe and North Africa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15F63D0F",null,null,"'campagnes pres de Rome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/307/mode/1up","Sylvia melanopogon"],["22262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus melanopogon mimicus","(Madarász, 1903)","Vorläufiges über einen neuen Rohrsänger (Lusciniola mimica) p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Türkiye to southern Russia, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan; winters from Middle East to northwestern Indian Subcontinent",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C3D2C0C",null,null,"Transcaspia (Tedzhen) and eastern Persia (Imam-Gular, Khorasan, and Neisar, Seistan).",null,null,"Lusciniola mimica"],["22263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus melanopogon albiventris","(Kazakov, 1974)","Vestnik Zoologii no.2 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Russia (eastern coast of Sea of Azov to lower Don River); winters probably in the Middle East",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECC6B3B2",null,null,"lower Chelbas River, near Kanevskaya, Krasnodar region.","Distribution and taxonomic status of Lusciniola melanopogon Temm. in the European section of the USSR.","http://mail.izan.kiev.ua/vz-pdf/1973/2/VZ%201973-2-11-Kazakov.pdf","Lusciniola melanopogon albiventris"],["22264","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus agricola","(Jerdon, 1845)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.131","Paddyfield Warbler","Paddyfield Warbler","Paddyfield Warbler",null,null,"breeds central Eurasia; winters in southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714714","padwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/padwar1","avibase-781FE53F",null,null,"near Nellore, Madras.","Second Supplement to the Catalogue of the Birds of Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/433/mode/1up","Sylvia (acrocephalus) agricola"],["22265","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus tangorum","La Touche, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.10","Manchurian Reed Warbler","Manchurian Reed Warbler","White-browed Reed-warbler",null,null,"breeds northern northeastern China; winters in central and southern Thailand, Cambodia, and northern Malaysia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728387","manrew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manrew1","avibase-A5134675",null,null,"Chin-wang-tao (= Ch'in-huang-tao), northeastern Chihli (= Hopeh).","Description of a new species of Reed-Warbler from N.E. Chihli, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/34/mode/1up","Acrocephalus tangorum"],["22266","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus concinens","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.432","Blunt-winged Warbler","Blunt-winged Warbler","Blunt-winged Warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane reedbeds, and tall grass around lakes, swamps and along rivers, from eastern Afghanistan eastward to Kashmir, and in northeastern India and adjacent Bangladesh and Myanmar, and in eastern China; two northern populations migrate southward to eastern India, Laos, and Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714719","blwwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwwar1","avibase-F084CA99",null,null,"Peking.","Zoological Notes of a Journey from Canton to Peking and Kalgan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/520/mode/1up","Calamoherpe concinens"],["22267","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus concinens haringtoni","Witherby, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Afghanistan to northwestern India (Kashmir) and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E35147FB",null,null,"Buttakundi, Kagan valley, Hazara district, Pakistan.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Warbler from Kaghan, N.W. India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/56/mode/1up","Acrocephalus agricola haringtoni"],["22268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus concinens stevensi","Stuart Baker, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"plains of Brahmaputra River (Assam) and adjacent Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E78E8F66",null,null,"Hessamara, northern Lakhimpur, extreme eastern Assam.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Sylviidae and Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/422/mode/1up","Acrocephalus concinens stevensi"],["22269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus concinens concinens","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and central China; winters to southern Myanmar and southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7743CFAD",null,null,"Peking.","Zoological Notes of a Journey from Canton to Peking and Kalgan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/520/mode/1up","Calamoherpe concinens"],["22270","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus dumetorum","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.815","Blyth's Reed Warbler","Blyth's Reed Warbler","Blyth's Reed-warbler",null,null,"breeds Eastern Palearctic; winters in India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714736","blrwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blrwar1","avibase-B22EAFC8",null,null,"India.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/179/mode/1up","Acrocephalus dumetorum"],["22271","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus orinus","Oberholser, 1905","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 28, no.1411 p.899","Large-billed Reed Warbler","Large-billed Reed Warbler","Large-billed Reed-warbler",null,null,"breeds southeastern Kazakhstan, northeastern Afghanistan; winters Myanmar, Thailand; long known only from one 1867 specimen from northern India, distribution still poorly known",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729551","labrew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/labrew1","avibase-6A9ED1BF",null,null,"Sutlej Valley, not far from Rampoor, Himalayas [= near Rampur, Sutlej Valley, Himachal Pradesh.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52788#page/995/mode/1up","Acrocephalus orinus"],["22272","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus palustris","(Bechstein, 1798)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 3 p.545","Marsh Warbler","Marsh Warbler","Marsh Warbler",null,null,"breeds Europe to central Russia; winters to coastal southeastern Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714741","marwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwar3","avibase-B675E006",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234912#page/323/mode/1up","Motacilla salicaria Sylvia palustris"],["22273","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus","(Hermann, 1804)","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.202","Common Reed Warbler","Common Reed Warbler","Common Reed-warbler","2025-0338","Taxon <em>baeticatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Acrocephalus scirpaceus</em> (polytypic) based on relatively low differentiation in vocalizations (Dowsett-Lemaire &amp; Dowsett 1987), morphology, and genetics (Olsson et al. 2016; Pavia et al. 2018) across the geographic range of this complex. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA data (Olsson et al. 2016) do not provide strong support for a two-species treatment; further research warranted.","patchy and complex distribution in lowland to submontane reedbeds, swamps, seasonal floodplains, tall grass, mangroves, and date palms at desert oases, from British Isles and southern Scandinavia eastward to eastern Kazakhstan, and southward through Europe, Middle East, and northern Africa to South Africa (excluding Congo Basin); African populations primarily resident, European populations migrate southward to sub-Saharan Africa in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714722","eurwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurwar1","avibase-3F0EE474",null,null,"Alsace.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200985#page/204/mode/1up","Turdus scirpaceus"],["22274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus","(Hermann, 1804)","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe (except the Iberian Peninsula) eastward to western Türkiye and western Russia; winters in sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal eastward to Sudan, southward at least to Gabon and the northern edge of the Congo Basin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2346D69F",null,null,"Alsace.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200985#page/204/mode/1up","Turdus scirpaceus"],["22275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus fuscus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.z p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Mediterranean and Caspian to Kazakhstan; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-877053DA",null,null,"northern Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/66/mode/1up","Curruca fusca"],["22276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus avicenniae","Ash, Pearson, Nikolaus & Colston, 1989","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 109, no.1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of coastal Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia, and western Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74AC4146",null,null,"Zula (15°15'N, 39°42'E), Eritrea, Ethiopia","The mangrove reed warblers of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coasts, with description of a new subspecies of the African Reed Warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/46/mode/1up","Acrocephalus baeticatus avicenniae"],["22277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus ammon","Hering, Winkler & Steinheimer, 2016","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 136, no.2 p.105 [101-128]",null,null,null,null,null,"Libyan Desert depressions on the Libya/Egypt border (oases of Qattara, Siwa, Sitra, and Al Jaghbub)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53B58B87",null,null,"dried corpse found near nest site at start of breeding season, Siwa Oasis, Egypt (29°13'16.58''N, 25°25'43.33''E, 16 m below sea level), 12 May 2014, collected by JH, W. Heim & E. Fuchs","A new subspecies of Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus in Egypt","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252407#page/35/mode/1up","Acrocephalus scirpaceus ammon"],["22278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus ambiguus","(Brehm, 1857)","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. Neue Folge p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia) and southwestern Europe (Iberian Peninsula); Moroccan population at least partially resident, otherwise nonbreeding range poorly known but winters from Mauritania eastward at least to Côte d'Ivoire, and probably farther east",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-504A9F7F",null,null,"Jativa, province of Valencia and Murcia, Spain",null,"https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/597/493","Calamoherpe ambigua"],["22279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus minor","Lynes, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Senegal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-929564C2",null,null,"Zalingei, Darfur, Sudan; altitude 3,000 feet.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/502/mode/1up","Acrocephalus boeticatus minor"],["22280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus cinnamomeus","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal eastward to South Sudan, Ethiopia, and southern Somalia, southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13408146",null,null,"Nordufer des Albert-Edward-Sees [north shores of Lake Albert Edward (= Lake Edward, DRC)].","Neue Arten von der Reise des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/177/mode/1up","Acrocephalus cinnamomeus"],["22281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus suahelicus","Grote, 1926","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Tanzania to eastern Mozambique and northeastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CEE1FE6",null,null,"Zanzibar.","Zwei neue Formen von Sansibar und den Komoren.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_34_0145-0146.pdf","Acrocephalus baeticatus suahelicus"],["22282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus hallae","White, 1960","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 80, no.2 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola southward to western Botswana and western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3536F02",null,null,"Brandberg, South West Africa.","A note on Acrocephalus boeticatus Vieillot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125672#page/47/mode/1up","Acrocephalus boeticatus hallae"],["22283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus scirpaceus baeticatus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Botswana and Zimbabwe to southern and southeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A41E6EB5",null,null,"Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/209/mode/1up","Sylvia baeticata"],["22284","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus griseldis","(Hartlaub, 1891)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 12 p.7","Basra Reed Warbler","Basra Reed Warbler","Basra Reed-warbler",null,null,"southern Iraq (Tigris and Euphrates valleys); winters Kenya to Malawi",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714757","barwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barwar2","avibase-0D42A253",null,null,"Nguru, Kilosa district, Tanganyika.",null,"https://www.archive.org/download/abhandlungenhera12natu/page/n14_w333","Calamoherpe griseldis"],["22285","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus sechellensis","(Oustalet, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 1 p.103","Seychelles Warbler","Seychelles Warbler","Seychelles Warbler",null,null,"historically more widespread but in the 1960s confined to Cousin, in Seychelles Islands; now translocated to Aride, Cousine, Denis, and Frégate at least",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714882","sebwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sebwar1","avibase-E0E4DFB8",null,null,"Marianne Island, Seychelles.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles de la collection ornithologique du Muséum d'histoire naturelle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/115/mode/1up","Ellisia sechellensis"],["22286","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus newtoni","(Hartlaub, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.165","Madagascar Swamp Warbler","Madagascar Swamp Warbler","Madagascar Swamp-warbler",null,null,"aquatic habitats of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714865","maswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maswar1","avibase-6ED7C46F",null,null,"near Soamandrikazay, Madagascar.","Characters of a New Species of Sedge Warbler from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/229/mode/1up","Calamoherpe newtoni"],["22287","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rodericanus","(Newton, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.47 pl.1 fig.3","Rodrigues Warbler","Rodrigues Warbler","Rodrigues Warbler",null,null,"Rodrigues (eastern Mascarene Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714874","rodbrw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodbrw1","avibase-DDF77AB5",null,null,"Rodrigues Island.","On Two New Birds from the Island of Rodriguez.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/75/mode/1up","Drymoeca? rodericana"],["22288","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris","(Hartlaub, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.348","Lesser Swamp Warbler","Lesser Swamp Warbler","Lesser Swamp-warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane sedge or papyrus swamps, and reedy estuaries and rivers, of northern Nigeria and western Chad, Ethiopian highlands, and from southern Sudan southward to western Angola and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714859","leswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leswar1","avibase-4AA7817D",null,null,"Natal; Type from Liesbeck (= Liesbeek) River, Cape Province, fide Clancey, 1962, Bonner Zool. Beitr., 13, p. 130.","A Sixth additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/390/mode/1up","Calamoherpe gracilirostris"],["22289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris neglectus","(Alexander, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"western Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8A96AC4",null,null,"Lake Chad.","Description of two new species from Lake Chad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/405/mode/1up","Calamocichla neglecta"],["22290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris tsanae","(Bannerman, 1937)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Ethiopia (Lake Tana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FCDCD29",null,null,"Achera Mariam, north shore of Lake Tsana (= Tana), Abyssinia; altitude 6,000 feet.","Description of a Swamp-Warbler from Lake Tana (Tsana).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/111/mode/1up","Calamoecetor leptorhyncha tsanae"],["22291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris jacksoni","(Neumann, 1901)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan to western Kenya, Uganda, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F00260A",null,null,"Entebbe, Uganda.","Über neue und wenig bekannte ostafrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/203/mode/1up","Calamocichla jacksoni"],["22292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris parvus","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Ethiopia to Kenya, northern Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8534E57D",null,null,"Murentat, near Lake Naivasha, Kenya.","Neue Vogelarten aus Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/274/mode/1up","Phyllostrephus parvus"],["22293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris leptorhynchus","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5EDD01A",null,null,"Tschara, mouth of the Tana River, Kenya.","Neue Vögel aus Ostafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0155.pdf","Turdirostris leptorhyncha"],["22294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris winterbottomi","(White, 1947)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northwestern Zambia to eastern Angola and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B71859BF",null,null,"Manyinga River, Macondo district, Angola.","Notes on Central African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/62/mode/1up","Calamaecetor leptorhyncha winterbottomi"],["22295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris cunenensis","(Hartert, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, southwestern Zambia, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E15308A",null,null,"Cunene River, southern Angola.","On a new species of Calamocichla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/436/mode/1up","Calamocichla cunenensis"],["22296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus gracilirostris gracilirostris","(Hartlaub, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia, South Africa, southeastern Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F4102DD",null,null,"Natal; Type from Liesbeck (= Liesbeek) River, Cape Province, fide Clancey, 1962, Bonner Zool. Beitr., 13, p. 130.","A Sixth additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/390/mode/1up","Calamoherpe gracilirostris"],["22297","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus brevipennis","(Keulemans, 1866)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.368","Cape Verde Warbler","Cape Verde Swamp Warbler","Cape Verde Swamp-warbler",null,null,"Santiago (Cabo Verde); extirpated on São Nicolau and Brava",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714852","cvswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cvswar1","avibase-AAABFBE8",null,null,"São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/382/mode/1up","Calamodyta brevipennis"],["22298","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rufescens","(Sharpe & Bouvier, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1 p.307","Greater Swamp Warbler","Greater Swamp Warbler","Greater Swamp-warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill papyrus swamps, and reedbeds, from Senegambia eastward through western Chad, Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to South Sudan and western Kenya, thence southward to northwestern Angola, Zambia, northeastern Namibia, and northern Botswana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714846","grswar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grswar2","avibase-C8857CC8",null,null,"Landana, Cabinda.","Études d'ornithologie africaine. Sur les collections recueillies dans la région du Congo par MM. le Dr A. Lucan et L. Petit, depuis le mois de mai jusqu'en septembre.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110342#page/317/mode/1up","Bradypterus rufescens"],["22299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rufescens senegalensis","Colston & Morel, 1985","Malimbus 7 no.2 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBE97B8F",null,null,"Lake Guier, near Richard-Toll, Senegal","A new subspecies of rufous swamp warbler Acrocephalus rufescens from Senegal.","http://malimbus.free.fr/articles/V7/07061062.pdf","Acrocephalus rufescens senegalensis"],["22300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rufescens rufescens","(Sharpe & Bouvier, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana to Nigeria, Cameroon, Cabinda, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDE122D5",null,null,"Landana, Cabinda.","Études d'ornithologie africaine. Sur les collections recueillies dans la région du Congo par MM. le Dr A. Lucan et L. Petit, depuis le mois de mai jusqu'en septembre.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110342#page/317/mode/1up","Bradypterus rufescens"],["22301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rufescens chadensis","(Alexander, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Chad environs",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2437F73",null,null,"Lake Chad. Type from Wunnda, ca. lat. 13° 30' N., long. 14° 30' E., fide Bannerman, 1939, Birds Tropical West Africa, 5, p. 77.","Description of a new species of Calamocichla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/487/mode/1up","Calamocichla chadensis"],["22302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rufescens ansorgei","(Hartert, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, and western Kenya southward to northwestern Angola, northern Botswana, and northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3330D735",null,null,"Duque de Braganza, northern Angola.","Exhibition of a new species of Calamocichla from Northern Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/78/mode/1up","Calamocichla ansorgei"],["22303","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus arundinaceus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170","Great Reed Warbler","Great Reed Warbler","Great Reed-warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill tall reedbeds from western continental Europe and southern Scandinavia eastward to western Mongolia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Middle East, and central Arabia; migrates southward to sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104317670","grrwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grrwar1","avibase-B283E332",null,null,"northern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","Turdus arundinaceus"],["22304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe to western Siberia, Türkiye, northern Iran, and northwestern Africa; winters Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-459B9F6C",null,null,"northern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","Turdus arundinaceus"],["22305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus arundinaceus zarudnyi","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iraq and Iran to southern Afghanistan, Altai, northwestern Mongolia, and western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C24BA9FB",null,null,"Djarkent (= Panfilov), Turkistan.","Description of a new Great Reed-Warbler from Turkestan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/52/mode/1up","Acrocephalus arundinaceus zarudnyi"],["22306","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus orientalis","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1847)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.50, pl.20B","Oriental Reed Warbler","Oriental Reed Warbler","Oriental Reed-warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern Mongolia and south-central Russia eastward to southeastern Russia and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), southward to east-central China; winters southeastern India, southeastern Asia, Indonesia, Philippines, and northwestern Australia (rare)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734033","orrwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orrwar1","avibase-9A6953ED",null,null,"Restricted to Japan by Dekker et al. 2001.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/60/mode/1up","Salicaria turdina orientalis"],["22307","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.53","Clamorous Reed Warbler","Clamorous Reed Warbler","Clamorous Reed-warbler","2025-0337","Taxa from the Philippines (<em>harterti</em>) and Indonesia (<em>celebensis, siebersi</em>, and <em>lentecaptus</em>) are provisionally placed in <em>Acrocephalus stentoreus</em> based on genetic evidence. Limited mitochondrial DNA data (Helbig &amp; Seibold 1999) confirm <em>harterti </em>as a member of the continental <em>A. stentoreus </em>clade, but data for the remaining taxa are lacking; a more comprehensive genetic review is needed to confirm species limits in <em>A. stentoreus</em> and <em>A. australis</em>.","patchy in lowland to montane reedbeds, papyrus swamps, tall grass, and mangroves, from southern Kazakhstan, eastern Iran, and Afghanistan, eastward to south-central China and eastern Myanmar, and southward to Nile River valley, Arabian Peninsula, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Wallacea, and Java eastward to Sumbawa; Türkiye populations migrate to India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219591644","clrwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clrwar1","avibase-D793DF5A",null,null,"Damietta (= Dumyat), Lower Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/63/mode/1up","Curruca stentorea"],["22308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus stentoreus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-037CA0E5",null,null,"Damietta (= Dumyat), Lower Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/63/mode/1up","Curruca stentorea"],["22309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus levantinus","Roselaar, 1994","Dutch Birding 16 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Israel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22F6268F",null,null,"Bet Shean, Israel","Geographical variation within western populations of Clamorous Reed Warbler.","https://www.dutchbirding.nl/journal/pdf/DB_1994_16_6.pdf#page=23","Acrocephalus stentoreus levantina"],["22310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus brunnescens","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Arabia and Iran to southeastern Kazakhstan and India; winters to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F3F52B1",null,null,"Carnatic, near Trichinopoly (= Tiruchirapalli).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/295/mode/1up","A[grobates] brunnescens"],["22311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus amyae","Stuart Baker, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"plains of Brahmaputra River (Assam) to Myanmar and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7A5DC12",null,null,"Hessamara, northern Lakhimpur, extreme eastern Assam.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Sylviidae and Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/423/mode/1up","Acrocephalus stentoreus amyae"],["22312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus meridionalis","(Legge, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3, no.5 p.369,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-330A42E1",null,null,"Jaffna, Ceylon.","Notes on Ceylonese Ornithology and Oology, with additions to the Avifauna of the Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/399/mode/1up","C[alamodyta] meridionalis"],["22313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus siebersi","Salomonsen, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB9949EE",null,null,"Tjibaroesa (= Tjibarusa), western Java.","Zwei neue Acrocephalus-Formen aus dem indo-malayischen Gebiet.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0112-0120.pdf#page=8","Acrocephalus stentoreus siebersi"],["22314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus harterti","Salomonsen, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte, Bohol, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C2AEDA8",null,null,"Laguna de Bay, Luzon.","Zwei neue Acrocephalus-Formen aus dem indo-malayischen Gebiet.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0112-0120.pdf#page=8","Acrocephalus stentoreus harterti"],["22315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus celebensis","Heinroth, 1903","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BF731B4",null,null,"Makasar, Celebes.","Ornithologische Ergebnisse der „I. Deutschen Südsee-Expedition von Br. Mencke.“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/135/mode/1up","Acrocephalus celebensis"],["22316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus stentoreus lentecaptus","Hartert, 1924","Treubia 6 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Borneo, Java, and western Lesser Sundas (Lombok and Sumbawa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85D27DE1",null,null,"Ampenan, northern Lombok.","Über einige neue Vögel aus dem indo-australischen Archipel und deren Verwandte.",null,"Acrocephalus stentoreus lentecaptus"],["22317","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus luscinius","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.202 Atlas Ois. pl.5 fig.2","Nightingale Reed Warbler","Nightingale Reed Warbler","Guam Reed-warbler",null,null,"formerly Guam (Mariana Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103780078","nigrew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nigrew1","avibase-EC92E596",null,null,"Guam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/260/mode/1up","Thryothorus luscinius"],["22318","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus hiwae","(Yamashina, 1942)","Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 12, no.3 p.81","Saipan Reed Warbler","Saipan Reed Warbler","Saipan Reed-warbler",null,null,"Saipan and Alamagan (Northern Mariana Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103780118","sairew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sairew1","avibase-121E8914",null,null,"Saipan.","A new subspecies of Conopoderas luscinia from the Mariana Islands.",null,"Conopoderas luscinia hivae"],["22319","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus australis","(Gould, 1838)","A natural history of the birds of New South Wales (etc.) indextosyn. pl.18","Australian Reed Warbler","Australian Reed Warbler","Australasian Reed-warbler","2025-0337","Taxa from the Philippines (<em>harterti</em>) and Indonesia (<em>celebensis, siebersi</em>, and <em>lentecaptus</em>) are provisionally placed in <em>Acrocephalus stentoreus</em> based on genetic evidence. Limited mitochondrial DNA data (Helbig &amp; Seibold 1999) confirm <em>harterti </em>as a member of the continental <em>A. stentoreus </em>clade, but data for the remaining taxa are lacking; a more comprehensive genetic review is needed to confirm species limits in <em>A. stentoreus</em> and <em>A. australis</em>.","southern Moluccas, eastern Lesser Sundas, New Guinea region, Australia, eastern Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219591228","aurwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aurwar1","avibase-9597E0CA",null,null,"Parramatta, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/261838#page/10/mode/1up","Calamoherpe Australis"],["22320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus australis sumbae","Hartert, 1924","Treubia 6 p.21-22",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (South Moluccas), Sumba and Timor (Lesser Sundas), New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D02C0F86",null,null,"Nangamesi Bay, near Waingapu, Sumba. 1","Über einige neue Vögel aus dem indo-australischen Archipel und deren Verwandte.",null,"Acrocephalus stentoreus sumbae"],["22321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus australis gouldi","Dubois, 1901","Synopsis avium: nouveau manuel d'ornithologie 1 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Australia; winters to Kimberley region (northern Western Australia) and northwestern Northern Territory",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD3043A2",null,null,"Western Australia = King George Sound, Western Australia, fide Mathews, 1913, List Birds Australia, p. 209.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49562#page/393/mode/1up","Acrocephalus gouldi"],["22322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus australis australis","(Gould, 1838)","A natural history of the birds of New South Wales (etc.) indextosyn. pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to northeastern Eyre Peninsula, including eastern Tasmania); winters northward to southern New Guinea and Northern Territory",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-256AE421",null,null,"Parramatta, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/261838#page/10/mode/1up","Calamoherpe Australis"],["22323","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus syrinx","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.6 pl.8","Caroline Reed Warbler","Caroline Reed Warbler","Caroline Reed-warbler",null,null,"Caroline Islands (Yap including Woleai and Lamotrek, Chuuk, Pohnpei including Nukuoro, and Kosrae)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714786","carrew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carrew1","avibase-8CF71142",null,null,"Lugunor and Uleei (= Woleai).",null,null,"Sylvia syrinx"],["22324","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus nijoi","(Yamashina, 1940)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 10, no.50 p.674","Aguiguan Reed Warbler","Aguiguan Reed Warbler","Aguijan Reed-warbler",null,null,"formerly Aguijan (Mariana Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103780109","agurew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/agurew1","avibase-43B1D88C",null,null,"Agiguan [=Aguiguan], Marianas Islands.","Some Additions to the“List of the Birds of Micronesia”","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.10.673","Conopoderas luscinia nijoi"],["22325","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus aequinoctialis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.553","Bokikokiko","Kiritimati Reed Warbler","Kiritimati Reed-warbler",null,null,"northwestern Line Islands (eastern Polynesia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714802","chiwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiwar1","avibase-55572D3B",null,null,"Christmas Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/93/mode/1up","Sylvia aequinoctialis"],["22326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus aequinoctialis aequinoctialis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"Kiritimati (northern Line Islands in central Pacific)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E737352C",null,null,"Christmas Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/93/mode/1up","Sylvia aequinoctialis"],["22327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus aequinoctialis pistor","Tristram, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.44-45, pl. II",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Line Islands (Teraina and TabUnited Arab Emiratesran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4134FED1",null,null,"Fanning Island.","On the Position of the Acrocephalinae Genus Tatare, with Descriptions of two new Species of the Genus Acrocephalus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/76/mode/1up","Acrocephalus pistor"],["22328","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus mendanae","Tristram, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.43 pl.1","Southern Marquesan Reed Warbler","Southern Marquesan Reed Warbler","Southern Marquesan Reed-warbler",null,null,"central and southern Marquesas Islands (northeastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104012371","marwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwar2","avibase-1F6656EC",null,null,"Marquesas.","On the Position of the Acrocephalinae Genus Tatare, with Descriptions of two new Species of the Genus Acrocephalus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/75/mode/1up","Acrocephalus mendanae"],["22329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus mendanae dido","(Murphy & Mathews, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.16-17",null,null,null,null,null,"Ua Pou (central Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7B78C6A",null,null,"Huapu (= Ua Pu) Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Conopoderas caffra dido"],["22330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus mendanae mendanae","Tristram, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.43 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Hiva Oa and Tahuata (southern Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8223F2A9",null,null,"Marquesas.","On the Position of the Acrocephalinae Genus Tatare, with Descriptions of two new Species of the Genus Acrocephalus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/75/mode/1up","Acrocephalus mendanae"],["22331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus mendanae consobrina","(Murphy & Mathews, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.13-14",null,null,null,null,null,"Motane (south-central Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B061FFB6",null,null,"Motane Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Conopoderas caffra consobrina"],["22332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus mendanae fatuhivae","(Murphy & Mathews, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.14-15",null,null,null,null,null,"Fatu Hiva (southern Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9734BA7F",null,null,"Fatu Hiva Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Conopoderas caffra fatuhivae"],["22333","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus yamashinae","(Taka-Tsukasa, 1931)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 43 p.485","Pagan Reed Warbler","Pagan Reed Warbler","Pagan Reed-warbler",null,null,"formerly Pagan (Northern Mariana Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103780103","pagrew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pagrew1","avibase-BBD2AC0C",null,null,"Pagan, Marianas Islands.","On new Birds from the Pelew and Marianne Islands.",null,"Conopoderas yamashinae"],["22334","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rehsei","(Finsch, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.143","Nauru Reed Warbler","Nauru Reed Warbler","Nauru Reed-warbler",null,null,"Nauru (south-central Micronesia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714791","narwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/narwar1","avibase-50256AE7",null,null,"Nawodo, or Pleasant Islands = Nauru.","On a new Reed-Warbler from the Island of Nawodo, or Pleasant Island, in the Western Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/183/mode/1up","Calamoherpe rehsei"],["22335","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus familiaris","(Rothschild, 1892)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10, no.55 p.109","Millerbird","Millerbird","Millerbird",null,null,"Nihoa and formerly Laysan (where now reintroduced), Northwestern Hawaiian Islands",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714797","miller","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miller","avibase-C3F75059",null,null,"Laysan.","XI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/123/mode/1up","Tatare familiaris"],["22336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris","(Rothschild, 1892)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10, no.55 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Laysan (western Hawaiian Islands); extinct ca. 1923","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-26B9E954",null,null,"Laysan.","XI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/123/mode/1up","Tatare familiaris"],["22337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus familiaris kingi","(Wetmore, 1924)","The Condor 26, no.5 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"Nihoa (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands); reintroduced to Laysan in 2012",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D5B568A",null,null,"Nihoa Island, Hawaii.","A Warbler from Nihoa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol26/iss5/3/","Conopoderas kingi"],["22338","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus vaughani","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.2","Pitcairn Reed Warbler","Pitcairn Reed Warbler","Pitcairn Reed-warbler",null,null,"Pitcairn Island (southern Polynesia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714832","pirwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pirwar2","avibase-162AE792",null,null,"Pitcairn Island.","[Description of new species of birds in the collection of the British Museum].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/160/mode/1up","Tatare vaughani"],["22339","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus taiti","Ogilvie-Grant, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.58","Henderson Reed Warbler","Henderson Island Reed Warbler","Henderson Island Reed-warbler",null,null,"Henderson Island (Pitcairn Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714839","hirwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hirwar1","avibase-48FBC371",null,null,"Henderson Island.","Remarks on a small collection and descriptions of new species of birds from Henderson Island, South Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/84/mode/1up","Acrocephalus taiti"],["22340","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus rimitarae","(Murphy & Mathews, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.350 p.20","Rimatara Reed Warbler","Rimatara Reed Warbler","Rimatara Reed-warbler",null,null,"Rimatara (northwestern Austral Islands, French Polynesia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714826","rimrew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rimrew1","avibase-212D4791",null,null,"Rimitara (= Rimatara) Island, Austral Group, 22° 40' S., 152° 45' W.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3807/","Conopoderas vaughani rimitarae"],["22341","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus kerearako","Holyoak, 1974","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.149 [149,150]","Cook Reed Warbler","Cook Islands Reed Warbler","Cook Islands Reed-warbler",null,null,"Mitiaro and Mangaia (southeastern Cook Islands, eastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714821","cirwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cirwar2","avibase-87639F7A",null,null,"Mangaia, Cook Islands. 1","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/403/mode/1up","Acrocephalus vaughani kerearako"],["22342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus kerearako kerearako","Holyoak, 1974","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94 p.149 [149,150]",null,null,null,null,null,"Mangaia (Cook Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC114241",null,null,"Mangaia, Cook Islands. 1","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/403/mode/1up","Acrocephalus vaughani kerearako"],["22343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus kerearako kaoko","Holyoak, 1974","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 94, no.4 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Mitiaro (Cook Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C23A064B",null,null,"Mitiaro, Cook Islands.","Undescribed land birds from the Cook Islands, Pacific Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126873#page/404/mode/1up","Acrocephalus vaughani kaoko"],["22344","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus musae","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.163-164","Garrett's Reed Warbler","Society Islands Reed Warbler","Forster's Reed-warbler",null,null,"formerly Raiatea and Huahine, Leeward Society Islands (eastern Polynesia); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735592","soirew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soirew1","avibase-05C1A470",null,null,"insula Uliatea [Raiatea, Tahiti]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/185/mode/1up","Oriolus musae"],["22345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus musae musae","(Forster, 1844)","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.163-164",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Raiatea (Society Islands); extinct","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CCCC5C4",null,null,"insula Uliatea [Raiatea, Tahiti]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/185/mode/1up","Oriolus musae"],["22346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus musae garretti","Holyoak & Thibault, 1978","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 98, no.4 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Huahine (Society Islands); extinct","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-E10290FD",null,null,"Huahine.","Undescribed Acrocephalus Warblers from Pacific Ocean Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/160/mode/1up","Acrocephalus caffer garretti"],["22347","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus caffer","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.iv pl.iv","Tahiti Reed Warbler","Tahiti Reed Warbler","Tahiti Reed-warbler",null,null,"vicinity of bamboo patches in forested river valleys of Tahiti (Windward Society Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104003523","tahrew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tahrew1","avibase-EC5497E6",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128098#page/29/mode/1up","Sitta caffra"],["22348","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus longirostris","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II Tomus 1 p.823","Moorea Reed Warbler","Moorea Reed Warbler","Moorea Reed-warbler",null,null,"formerly Moorea (Windward Society Islands); probably extinct, last confirmed report in 1981","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735588","moorew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moorew1","avibase-C3251DE9",null,null,"Eimeo and York Island = Moorea Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/324/mode/1up","Turdus longirostris"],["22349","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus percernis","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.213","Northern Marquesan Reed Warbler","Northern Marquesan Reed Warbler","Northern Marquesan Reed-warbler",null,null,"northern Marquesas Islands (northeastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104011899","marrew2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marrew2","avibase-1EFA97FA",null,null,"Nuku Hiva, Marquesas.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/227/mode/1up","Conopoderas percernis"],["22350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus percernis postremus","(Murphy & Mathews, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.17-18",null,null,null,null,null,"Hatutu (far northern Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D9E7E1E",null,null,"Hatutu Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Conopoderas caffra postrema"],["22351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus percernis aquilonis","(Murphy & Mathews, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Eiao (far northern Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-321B6A20",null,null,"Eiao Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Conopoderas caffra aquilonis"],["22352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus percernis percernis","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"Nuku Hiva (northern Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E0BC078",null,null,"Nuku Hiva, Marquesas.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/227/mode/1up","Conopoderas percernis"],["22353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus percernis idae","(Murphy & Mathews, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.337 p.15-16",null,null,null,null,null,"Ua Huka (northern Marquesas Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD208D26",null,null,"Huahuna (= Ua Huka) Island, Marquesas.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 5.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3809/","Conopoderas caffra idae"],["22354","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus astrolabii","Holyoak & Thibault, 1978","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 98, no.4 p.125","Mangareva Reed Warbler","Mangareva Reed Warbler","Mangareva Reed-warbler",null,null,"formerly Mangareva, and perhaps other islands, in the Gambier Islands; extinct, no confirmed records since 1838-1839, but may have persisted until the late 19th century","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103780156","manrew2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manrew2","avibase-0605561F",null,null,"'Mangareva'; error: possibly Yap, Caroline Islands.","Undescribed Acrocephalus Warblers from Pacific Ocean Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/163/mode/1up","Acrocephalus luscinia astrolabii"],["22355","species","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus atyphus","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.206","Tuamotu Reed Warbler","Tuamotu Reed Warbler","Tuamotu Reed-warbler",null,null,"Tuamotu Archipelago (eastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714816","turwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turwar1","avibase-32D8BFB9",null,null,"Fakarava, Tuamotus.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/220/mode/1up","Conopoderas atypha"],["22356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus atyphus atyphus","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"atolls in northwestern Tuamotu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB86201B",null,null,"Fakarava, Tuamotus.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/220/mode/1up","Conopoderas atypha"],["22357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus atyphus eremus","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Makatea (northwestern Tuamotu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A9A4EDF",null,null,"Makatea, Tuamotus.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/225/mode/1up","Conopoderas atypha erema"],["22358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus atyphus niauensis","(Murphy & Mathews, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.350 p.13-14",null,null,null,null,null,"Niau (central Tuamotu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6CAF09B",null,null,"Niau Island, Tuamotus.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3807/","Conopoderas atypha niauensis"],["22359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus atyphus palmarum","(Murphy & Mathews, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.350 p.12-13",null,null,null,null,null,"Anaa (south-central Tuamotu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE4E650F",null,null,"Anaa Island, Tuamotus.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3807/","Conopoderas atypha palmarum"],["22360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus atyphus ravus","(Wetmore, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.4 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"atolls in southeastern Tuamotu Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5963869B",null,null,"Whitsunday [= Pinaki] Island, Tuamotus.","Reports on the scientific results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXI. The Birds. ","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/222/mode/1up","Conopoderas atypha rava"],["22361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Acrocephalidae","Reed Warblers and allies","Acrocephalus atyphus flavidus","(Murphy & Mathews, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.350 p.16-17",null,null,null,null,null,"Napuka (north-central Tuamotu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F94264A2",null,null,"Napuka Island, Tuamotus.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 6.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3807/","Conopoderas atypha flavida"],["22362","family","Passeriformes","Donacobiidae","Donacobius","Donacobiidae",null,null,"Donacobius","Donacobius","Donacobius",null,null,null,null,null,null,"donaco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/donaco1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22363","genus","Passeriformes","Donacobiidae","Donacobius","Donacobius","Swainson, 1831","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.2, no.16 pl.72,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Donacobius vociferans [Swainson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Turdus atricapilla Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92610#page/173/mode/1up","Donacobius"],["22364","species","Passeriformes","Donacobiidae","Donacobius","Donacobius atricapilla","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.295","Black-capped Donacobius","Black-capped Donacobius","Donacobius",null,null,"riverside grass, oxbow lakes, and other wetlands from far eastern Panama (Darién) and the lowlands of northern Colombia and western Venezuela, in interior Colombia southward to the middle Magdalena Valley, east of the Andes in northern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia and across the Amazon basin to central Bolivia, and in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions from eastern Brazil (Paraíba to Paraná) southward to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711273","bkcdon","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcdon","avibase-878C7D44",null,null,"Habitat ad Cap b. spei, error. Eastern Brazil substituted as type locality bv Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/299/mode/1up","[Turdus] atricapilla"],["22365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Donacobiidae","Donacobius","Donacobius atricapilla brachypterus","Madarász, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama (Darién) to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-677A04FF",null,null,"Aracatuca = Aracataca, Department of Magdalena, Colombia.","Neue Vögel aus Columbien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/38/mode/1up","Donacobius brachypterus"],["22366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Donacobiidae","Donacobius","Donacobius atricapilla nigrodorsalis","Traylor, 1948","Fieldiana Zoology 31 (24) p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C922BCE",null,null,"Yarinacocha ['just north of Pucalpa], Río Ucayalli, Peru.","New birds from Peru and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21644#page/8/mode/1up","Donacobius atricapillus nigrodorsalis"],["22367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Donacobiidae","Donacobius","Donacobius atricapilla atricapilla","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela to the Guianas, Amazonian and eastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E6C969",null,null,"Habitat ad Cap b. spei, error. Eastern Brazil substituted as type locality bv Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/299/mode/1up","[Turdus] atricapilla"],["22368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Donacobiidae","Donacobius","Donacobius atricapilla albovittatus","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz); adjacent Brazil?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB958093",null,null,"Chiquitos et Guarayos [Department of Santa Cruz] (rep. Boliviana).","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/135/mode/1up","D[onacobius] albo-vittatus"],["22369","family","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Bernieridae",null,null,"Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Malagasy Warblers","Tetrakas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"bernie1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bernie1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22370","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Crossleyia","Hartlaub, 1877","Die Vögel Madagascars und der benachbarten Inselgruppen p.168",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oxylabes xanthophrys [Sharpe, 1875]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130119#page/218/mode/1up","Crossleyia"],["22371","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Crossleyia xanthophrys","(Sharpe, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.76","Madagascar Yellowbrow","Madagascar Yellowbrow","Madagascar Yellowbrow",null,null,"lowland rainforest of east-central Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716767","yeboxy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeboxy1","avibase-8A7929D9",null,null,"Madagascar.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/130/mode/1up","Oxylabes xanthophrys"],["22372","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Crossleyia tenebrosa","(Stresemann, 1925)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 33 p.150","Dusky Tetraka","Dusky Tetraka","Dusky Tetraka","2025-0493","Taxon <em>tenebrosa </em>is transferred from <em>Xanthomixis </em>to <em>Crossleyia </em>(polytypic) following the comprehensive genomic study of Younger et al. (2019).","rainforest of east-central Madagascar",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713021","dustet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dustet1","avibase-6FD3006B",null,null,"Sianaka Forest, eastern Madagascar.","Eine neue Vogelart aus Madagaskar : Bernieria tenebrosa sp. n..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_33_0150-0158.pdf","Bernieria tenebrosa"],["22373","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis","Sharpe, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bernieria zosterops [Sharpe, 1875]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/264/mode/1up","Xanthomixis"],["22374","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis cinereiceps","(Sharpe, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.197","Grey-crowned Tetraka","Gray-crowned Tetraka","Grey-crowned Tetraka",null,null,"rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713039","gyctet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyctet1","avibase-BABC6C7F",null,null,"? Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.","On a new Genus of Timeliidae from Madagascar, with Remarks on some other Genera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/265/mode/1up","Oxylabes cinereiceps"],["22375","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis apperti","(Colston, 1972)","Ibis vol.114, no.1 p.89","Appert's Tetraka","Appert's Tetraka","Appert's Tetraka",null,null,"southwestern Madagascar (Zombitse and Vohibasia forest)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713004","apptet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apptet1","avibase-2CF15271",null,null,"40 km southeast of Ankazoabo, southeastern Madagascar, 22 35'S, 44 38'E","A new bulbul from southwestern Madagascar.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1972.tb02591.x","Phyllastrephus apperti"],["22376","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis zosterops","(Sharpe, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.76","Spectacled Tetraka","Spectacled Tetraka","Spectacled Tetraka",null,null,"northwestern and eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712995","spetet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spetet1","avibase-9813B521",null,null,"Madagascar. [Type from central Madagascar, Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 571.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/130/mode/1up","Bernieria zosterops"],["22377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis zosterops fulvescens","(Delacour, 1931)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.483",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of far northern Madagascar (Mount d'Ambre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C1E7529",null,null,"Mt. d'Ambre, north Madagascar.","Description de neuf Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/503/mode/1up","Berniera zosterops fulvescens"],["22378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis zosterops andapae","(Salomonsen, 1934)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.10, vol.14, no.79 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Madagascar (Andapa region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BF7E7F9",null,null,"Andapa, north-east Madagascar.","Revision of the Madagascar Timaliinae Birds.","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933408654874","Oxylabes zosterops andapae"],["22379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis zosterops zosterops","(Sharpe, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6487B685",null,null,"Madagascar. [Type from central Madagascar, Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 571.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/130/mode/1up","Bernieria zosterops"],["22380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Xanthomixis zosterops ankafanae","(Salomonsen, 1934)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.10, vol.14 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Madagascar (Fianarantsoa region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEA65239",null,null,"Ankafana Forest at Fianarantsoa, eastern Madagascar.","Revision of the Madagascar Timaliinae Birds.","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933408654874","Oxylabes zosterops ankafanae"],["22381","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Hartertula","Stresemann, 1925","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 33 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Neomixis flavoviridis [Hartert, E, 1924]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_33_0186-0193.pdf","Hartertula"],["22382","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Hartertula flavoviridis","(Hartert, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.35","Wedge-tailed Jery","Wedge-tailed Jery","Wedge-tailed Tetraka",null,null,"rainforest of eastern Madagascar (Sianaka Forest southward to Vondrozo)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716161","wetjer2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wetjer2","avibase-3BDC2A16",null,null,"Analamazastra, Madagascar.","Description of a new species from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/63/mode/1up","Neomixis flavoviridis"],["22383","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Thamnornis","Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1882","Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux, tome I 1 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ellisia chloropetoides [Grandidier, A, 1867]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122562#page/345/mode/1up","Thamnornis"],["22384","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Thamnornis chloropetoides","(Grandidier, 1867)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.256","Thamnornis","Thamnornis","Thamnornis",null,null,"subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714629","thamno2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thamno2","avibase-FEC92F47",null,null,"southwest coast of Madagascar.","[Addition à la liste des Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux découverts à Madagascar (cf. p. 84)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/262/mode/1up","Ellisia chloropetoides"],["22385","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Randia","Delacour & Berlioz, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Randia pseudozosterops [Delacour & Berlioz, 1931]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/7/mode/1up","Randia"],["22386","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Randia pseudozosterops","Delacour & Berlioz, 1931","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.3 pl.1","Rand's Warbler","Rand's Warbler","Rand's Warbler",null,null,"rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715078","ranwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ranwar1","avibase-317D64AD",null,null,"northeast of Maroantsetra, Madagascar.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/8/mode/1up","Randia pseudo-zosterops"],["22387","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Cryptosylvicola","Goodman, Langrand & Whitney, 1996","Ibis vol.138 p.153,154",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cryptosylvicola randrianasoloi [Goodman, Langrand & Witney, 1996]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A new genus and species of passerine from the eastern rain forest of Madagascar","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04322.x","Cryptosylvicola"],["22388","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Cryptosylvicola randrianasoloi","Goodman, Langrand & Whitney, 1996","Ibis vol.138 p.154","Cryptic Warbler","Cryptic Warbler","Cryptic Warbler",null,null,"rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724439","crywar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crywar1","avibase-DBD188EF",null,null,"Madagascar, Fianarantosoa Province, c. 38 km south of Ambalavao, Reserve Naturelle Integrale No. 5 d'Andringitra. on ridge east of the Volotsangana River, 22\"11'39\"S. 46\"58'16\"E, 1625 m a.s.1.. 24 October 1993, by S.M. Goodman and M. Putnam","A new genus and species of passerine from the eastern rain forest of Madagascar.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04322.x","Cryptosylvicola randrianasoloi"],["22389","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Oxylabes","Sharpe, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla madagascariensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation and monotypy = Motacilla madagascariensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,"Contributions to the Ornithology of Madagascar. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/468/mode/1up","Oxylabes"],["22390","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Oxylabes madagascariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.952","White-throated Oxylabes","White-throated Oxylabes","White-throated Oxylabes",null,null,"dense humid forest of northwestern and eastern Madagascar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716763","whtoxy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtoxy1","avibase-8670BFA8",null,null,"Madagascar; restricted to East Madagascar, by Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 14, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/453/mode/1up","[Motacilla] madagascariensis"],["22391","genus","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Bernieria","Pucheran, 1855","Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle v.7, fasc.3 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ramphocaenus viridis [Lesson, RP, 1831]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164243#page/391/mode/1up","Bernieria"],["22392","species","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Bernieria madagascariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.940","Long-billed Bernieria","Long-billed Bernieria","Long-billed Tetraka",null,null,"Madagascar (except central and southern)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712985","lobber1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobber1","avibase-51FA9111",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/441/mode/1up","Muscicapa madagascariensis"],["22393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Bernieria madagascariensis madagascariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.940",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of eastern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0896DC4C",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/441/mode/1up","Muscicapa madagascariensis"],["22394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bernieridae","Malagasy Warblers and Tetrakas","Bernieria madagascariensis incelebris","Bangs & Peters, 1926","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of northern and western Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96540FA6",null,null,"Bemara Gorges, Upper Siribihina River, western Madagascar.","A new Bernieria from Madagascar.",null,"Berneria madagascariensis inceleber"],["22395","family","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustellidae",null,null,"Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Grassbirds and Allies","Grasshopper-warblers and Grassbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"locust5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/locust5/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22396","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Robsonius","Collar, 2006","Forktail 22 p.85.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Napothera rabori [Rand, 1960]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A partial revision of the Asian babblers (Timaliidae).","https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c1a9e03f407b482a158da87/t/5c20023b032be437e941322b/1545601596598/Collar-Babbler.pdf","Robsonius"],["22397","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Robsonius sorsogonensis","(Rand & Rabor, 1967)","Fieldiana Zoology 51, no.6 p.86","Bicol Ground Warbler","Bicol Ground-Warbler","Bicol Ground-warbler",null,null,"southeastern Luzon and Catanduanes, Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735664","gybbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybbab2","avibase-31259EA5",null,null,"Mount Bulusan, San Roque, Bulusan, Sorsogon Province, southern Luzon, altitude 800-1000 feet","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/8/mode/1up","Napothera sorsogonensis"],["22398","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Robsonius rabori","(Rand, 1960)","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.377","Cordillera Ground Warbler","Cordillera Ground-Warbler","Cordillera Ground-warbler",null,null,"northern Luzon (northernmost Ilocos Norte), Philippines",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103798817","luzwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzwrb1","avibase-A06552F5",null,null,"Tabbug, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, Luzon, Philippine Islands.","A new species of babbling thrush from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21362#page/9/mode/1up","Napothera rabori"],["22399","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Robsonius thompsoni","Hosner, Boggess, Alviola et al., 2013","The Condor 115 p.631 [630-639]","Sierra Madre Ground Warbler","Sierra Madre Ground-Warbler","Sierra Madre Ground-warbler",null,null,"northeastern Luzon (Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103799569","simgrw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/simgrw1","avibase-A071F50B",null,null,"18 June 2009 in the Philippines, Luzon Island, Aurora Province, San Luis Municipality, 12 km SW Baler (15.680° N, 121.529° E, elevation 525 m).","Phylogeography of the Robsonius Ground-Warblers (Passeriformes: Locustellidae) Reveals an Undescribed Species from Northeastern Luzon, Philippines","https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/115/3/630/5152894","Robsonius thompsoni"],["22400","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes","Alström, Cibois, Irestedt et al., 2018","Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionFALSE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla Certhiola [Pallas, 1811]",null,"Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the grassbirds and allies (Locustellidae) reveals extensive non-monophyly of traditional genera, and a proposal for a new classification","http://macroecointern.dk/pdf-reprints/Alstr%F6m_MPE_2018.pdf","Helopsaltes"],["22401","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes fasciolatus","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.349","Gray's Grasshopper Warbler","Gray's Grasshopper Warbler","Gray's Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"breeds northeastern Asia; winters to Philippines, Indonesia, and western New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103783163","grgwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grgwar1","avibase-2F6F30EF",null,null,"Batchian (= Batjan), Moluccas.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/447/mode/1up","Acrocephalus fasciolatus"],["22402","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes amnicola","(Stepanyan, 1972)","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 51, no.12 p.1896","Sakhalin Grasshopper Warbler","Sakhalin Grasshopper Warbler","Sakhalin Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"breeds Sakhalin, southern Kuril Islands, and Hokkaido (northern Japan); wintering range unknown",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734059","sakwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sakwar1","avibase-AD5B8488",null,null,"lower part of the valley of the Igriva River, where it flows into Aniva Bay, Tonino-Anivsky Peninsula, southern Sakhalin.","Novii vid roda Locustella (Sylviidae, Aves) iz Vostochnoi Palearktiki.",null,"Locustella amnicola"],["22403","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes pryeri","(Seebohm, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.5 p.40","Marsh Grassbird","Marsh Grassbird","Marsh Grassbird",null,null,"breeds northeastern Mongolia to Primorskiy (far southeastern Russia), northeastern and eastern China, and northern and central Honshu (central Japan); winters to southeastern China and Shikoku (southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715480","margra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/margra1","avibase-0150666B",null,null,"'Tokio, not very far from Yokohama.","Further Contributions to the Ornithology of Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/74/mode/1up","Megalurus pryeri"],["22404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes pryeri sinensis","(Witherby, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"reedbeds of northeastern China (eastern Liaoning and northeastern Hebei); winters southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D32A3DA",null,null,"Hankow.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Warbler from Hankow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/35/mode/1up","Lusciniola pryeri sinensis"],["22405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes pryeri pryeri","(Seebohm, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.5 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds locally northern and central Honshu; winters southward to Shikoku (central, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FE20363",null,null,"'Tokio, not very far from Yokohama.","Further Contributions to the Ornithology of Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/74/mode/1up","Megalurus pryeri"],["22406","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes pleskei","(Taczanowski, 1890)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.4 p.620","Styan's Grasshopper Warbler","Pleske's Grasshopper Warbler","Pleske's Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"breeds on small islands off far southeastern Russia (Ussuriland), South Korea, southwestern Honshu and Kyushu, and Izu Islands; winters in coastal southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714674","plewar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plewar1","avibase-4AADBF95",null,null,"Tchimulpa (= Inchon), Korea.","Description d'une nouvelle Locustella de la Corée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/776/mode/1up","Locustella pleskei"],["22407","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes ochotensis","(Middendorff, 1853)","Reise in den äuβersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt 2 pt2 p.185 pl.16 fig.7,8","Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler","Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler","Middendorff's Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"lowland to submontane wet grassland, willow thickets, and subalpine meadow, breeding from eastern Siberia and Kamchatka southward to Hokkaido (northern Japan); migrates to Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714669","migwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/migwar","avibase-3200EE86",null,null,"Udskoj Ostrog (= Udskoye), lower Uda River, Sea of Okhotsk.",null,null,"Sylvia (Locustella) Ochotensis"],["22408","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes certhiola","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.509","Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler","Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler","Pallas's Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"lowland to montane riverine tall grass, taiga woodland, riverbanks, meadow, and shrubby steppe, breeding from eastern Kazakhstan eastward through Siberia to Sakhalin, and southward to Mongolia and northern China; long-distance migrant to eastern India, Sri Lanka, southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714664","pagwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pagwar1","avibase-4C3CF429",null,null,"'in regionum [sic] ultra Baicalem' = mountainous region between Onon and Borzya in eastern Transbaikalia, fide Meise, 1934, Abh. Ber. Mus. Tierkunde Volkerkunde Dresden, 18, no. 2, p. 39.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/541/mode/1up","Motacilla Certhiola"],["22409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes certhiola certhiola","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia (Transbaikalia) and eastern Mongolia eastward through north-central China; winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1893569",null,null,"'in regionum [sic] ultra Baicalem' = mountainous region between Onon and Borzya in eastern Transbaikalia, fide Meise, 1934, Abh. Ber. Mus. Tierkunde Volkerkunde Dresden, 18, no. 2, p. 39.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/541/mode/1up","Motacilla Certhiola"],["22410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes certhiola sparsimstriatus","(Meise, 1934)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 18, no.2 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Siberia to northern Altai Mountains, Sayan Mountains, and Transbaikalia; winters probably to southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24A5555F",null,null,"Bjelowa (= Belovo), Kemerovskaya region, western Siberia.","Die Vogelwelt der Mandschurei.",null,"Locustella certhiola sparsimstriata"],["22411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes certhiola centralasiae","(Sushkin, 1925)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to northeastern China; winters to Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7B3C859",null,null,"Kara-ussu (= Har Us Nuur), sources of Dzaphyn River (= Dzavhan Gol), Hangai Mountains (= Hangayn Nuruu), northwestern Mongolia.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=52","Locustella certhiola centralasiae"],["22412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes certhiola rubescens","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Siberia to Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka; winters to southern India and southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFC37D23",null,null,"neighborhood of Calcutta.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/128/mode/1up","Locustella rubescens"],["22413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Helopsaltes certhiola minor","(David & Oustalet, 1877)","Les oiseaux de la Chine p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia (Amurland) and northeastern China; winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-479F7A5A",null,null,"Peking.",null,null,"Locustella minor"],["22414","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.115",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia locustella [Latham, 1790]; type by tautonymy = Motacilla naevia Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/143/mode/1up","Locustella"],["22415","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella lanceolata","(Temminck, 1840)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.4 p.614","Lanceolated Warbler","Lanceolated Warbler","Lanceolated Warbler",null,null,"breeds northern Europe eastward to Sakhalin Island, southern Kuril Islands, and northern Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters to southern Asia, Greater Sundas, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714654","lanwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lanwar","avibase-10A37318",null,null,"'Mayence' (= Mainz); error: Russia, fide Hartert, 1909, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127472#page/320/mode/1up","Sylvia lanceolata"],["22416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella lanceolata hendersonii","(Cassin, 1858)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin Island, southern Kuril Islands, and northern Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AEFA469",null,null,"Hakodadi, Island of Jesso, Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/214/mode/1up","Lusciniopsis hendersonii"],["22417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella lanceolata lanceolata","(Temminck, 1840)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.4 p.614",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Europe eastward to eastern Siberia and northeastern China; winters to Philippines and Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EE88DEF",null,null,"'Mayence' (= Mainz); error: Russia, fide Hartert, 1909, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 553.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127472#page/320/mode/1up","Sylvia lanceolata"],["22418","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella alfredi","(Hartlaub, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.152","Bamboo Warbler","Bamboo Warbler","Bamboo Warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane tall grassland, bamboo in forest, and riverine marsh, from southeastern South Sudan and western Ethiopia southward through Uganda and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Tanzania and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714475","baswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baswar1","avibase-A630DB2C",null,null,"Njangalo (= Nyangabo), northeastern Congo Free State.","Ueber einige neue von Dr. Emin Pascha im inneren Ostafrika entdekte Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/164/mode/1up","Bradypterus alfredi"],["22419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella alfredi kungwensis","(Moreau, 1942)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-382F666F",null,null,"Ujamba, Mt. Kungwe ( = Nkungwe), Tanganyika; altitude 7,600 feet.","New Races of Slaty Flycatcher, Bracken-Warbler, and Grey-headed Negro-Finch from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/68/mode/1up","Bradypterus alfredi kungwensis"],["22420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella alfredi alfredi","(Hartlaub, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ethiopia to western Uganda and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6C453C0",null,null,"Njangalo (= Nyangabo), northeastern Congo Free State.","Ueber einige neue von Dr. Emin Pascha im inneren Ostafrika entdekte Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/164/mode/1up","Bradypterus alfredi"],["22421","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella fluviatilis","(Wolf, 1810)","Taschenbuch der deutschen Vögelkunde, oder kurze Beschreibung aller Vögel Deutschlands 1 p.229","River Warbler","River Warbler","River Warbler",null,null,"breeds central and eastern Europe to western Siberia; winters in eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714679","eurwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurwar2","avibase-2B020CA0",null,null,"Danube, Austria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/134309#page/315/mode/1up","Sylvia fluviatilis"],["22422","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella luscinioides","(Savi, 1824)","Nuovo Giornale dei Letterati 7 p.341","Savi's Warbler","Savi's Warbler","Savi's Warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill marsh, reedbeds, tall grass, and riverine brush, from continental Europe eastward to eastern Kazakhstan and northwestern China, and southward to northwestern Africa, Jordan (and perhaps Oman?), and northern Iran; migrates as far as Senegal, Chad, and Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714684","savwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/savwar1","avibase-2D46BB98",null,null,"Pisa.",null,null,"Sylvia Luscinioides"],["22423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella luscinioides luscinioides","(Savi, 1824)","Nuovo Giornale dei Letterati 7 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and eastern Europe to Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa; winters to Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D08ECFAF",null,null,"Pisa.",null,null,"Sylvia Luscinioides"],["22424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella luscinioides sarmatica","Kazakov, 1973","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 52, no.4 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Ukraine and Sea of Azov to Volga and southern Urals; winters northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1D52E91",null,null,"lower course of the River Don in the vicinity of Rostov-on-Don.","Distribution and systematic status of Locustella luscinioides (Sylviinae, Aves) in the south east of the European part of the range.",null,"Locustella luscinioides sarmatica"],["22425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella luscinioides fusca","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Türkiye and Jordan to central Asia; winters to Sudan and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4622A9B2",null,null,"Arys', Chimkent, southern Kazakhstan.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Cettia fusca"],["22426","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella luteoventris","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.30","Brown Bush Warbler","Brown Bush Warbler","Brown Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"Himalayas of eastern Nepal to northeastern India (Assam), southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, southern Myanmar, and northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714533","brbwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbwar2","avibase-79094AD6",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/244/mode/1up","Tribura luteoventris"],["22427","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella tacsanowskia","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.355","Chinese Bush Warbler","Chinese Bush Warbler","Chinese Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia to southeastern Tibet and southern China; winters to northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714528","chbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbwar1","avibase-AD2C0444",null,null,"Transbaikalia.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/451/mode/1up","Locustella tacsanowskia"],["22428","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella major","(Brooks, 1871)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9 p.210","Long-billed Bush Warbler","Long-billed Bush Warbler","Long-billed Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"patchy in montane brushy grassland, upland terraced cultivation, and alpine meadows, in northern China, northern Pakistan, and northern India; probably moves downslope in winter",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714523","lbbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lbbwar1","avibase-0EB857AC",null,null,"Kashmir.","Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/256/mode/1up","Dumeticola major"],["22429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella major major","(Brooks, 1871)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Uzbekistan and Xinjiang to western Himalayas (Kashmir)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D97D81A",null,null,"Kashmir.","Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/256/mode/1up","Dumeticola major"],["22430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella major innae","(Portenko, 1955)","Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 18 p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"far western China (Kunlun Shan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E03159E5",null,null,"Achang, northern slope, Russian Range, Astin Tagh, Sinkiang.","New subspecies of Passeriformes.",null,"Tribura maior innae"],["22431","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella naevia","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.35","Common Grasshopper Warbler","Common Grasshopper Warbler","Common Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill edges of open woodland, tall grass, scrubby sedge or reed marsh, and upland moorland, from British Isles and southern Scandinavia eastward to south-central Siberia and western Mongolia, and southward to northern Spain, Caucasus, and western China; migrates to western sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714657","cogwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cogwar1","avibase-BC0E4C9F",null,null,"Bologna, Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/57/mode/1up","Motacilla naevia"],["22432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella naevia naevia","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe to eastern Russia and Crimea Peninsula; winters to northern and western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2B0C50C",null,null,"Bologna, Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/57/mode/1up","Motacilla naevia"],["22433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella naevia straminea","Seebohm, 1881","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.117-118",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern European Russia to south-western and south-central Siberia, eastern Kazakhstan, western Mongolia and northwestern China; winters to southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-037E1874",null,null,"Etawah, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/139/mode/1up","Locustella straminea"],["22434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella naevia obscurior","Buturlin, 1929","Sistematicheskie Zametki o Ptitsakh Severnogo Kavkaza p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Caucasus to Georgia and northern Armenia; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86DE9CA6",null,null,"Mikhailovskaya Colony, northern Caucasus.",null,null,"Locustella naevia obscurior"],["22435","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella accentor","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.390 pl.9 fig.2","Friendly Bush Warbler","Friendly Bush Warbler","Friendly Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"montane forest of northern Borneo (mounts Kinabalu and Trus Madi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714554","frbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/frbwar1","avibase-50E2882A",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/418/mode/1up","Androphilus accentor"],["22436","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella caudata","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.40","Long-tailed Bush Warbler","Long-tailed Bush Warbler","Long-tailed Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"montane Luzon and Mindanao (northern and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714549","ltbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltbwar1","avibase-A86920C2",null,null,"Lepanto Mountains, northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/266/mode/1up","Pseudotharrhaleus caudatus"],["22437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella caudata caudata","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3A38FD1",null,null,"Lepanto Mountains, northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/266/mode/1up","Pseudotharrhaleus caudatus"],["22438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella caudata unicolor","(Hartert, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Apo on south-central Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35C6793C",null,null,"Mt. Apo, southern Mindanao.","New species of birds from Angola and Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/560/mode/1up","Pseudotharraleus unicolor"],["22439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella caudata malindangensis","(Mearns, 1909)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.441",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Malindang on northwestern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBAFA9E1",null,null,"Mt. Malindang, Mindanao.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/549/mode/1up","Pseudotharrhaleus malindangensis"],["22440","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella castanea","(Büttikofer, 1893)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 p.261","Sulawesi Bush Warbler","Sulawesi Bush Warbler","Sulawesi Grasshopper-warbler","2025-0327","<em>Locustella castanea</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is split into three species based on morphology, vocalizations, and genetics:<em> L. castanea </em>(including <em>everetti</em>); monotypic <em>L. musculus;</em> and monotypic <em>L. disturbans</em>. Mitogenomic data (Rheindt et al. 2020) show all members of this complex, including <em>L. portenta</em>, are sufficiently diverged to be treated as species.","mountains of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216914363","cbbwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbbwar2","avibase-3ED5F3FE",null,null,"Minahassa Peninsula, Celebes.","On two new species of birds from Java and Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/273/mode/1up","Turdinus castaneus"],["22441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella castanea castanea","(Büttikofer, 1893)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Sulawesi (except southwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8124E19D",null,null,"Minahassa Peninsula, Celebes.","On two new species of birds from Java and Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/273/mode/1up","Turdinus castaneus"],["22442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella castanea everetti","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southwest Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84D835F0",null,null,"Bonthain Peak (= Mt. Lompobatang), southern Celebes.","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the mountains of southern Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/87/mode/1up","Androphilus everetti"],["22443","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella musculus","(Stresemann, 1914)","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.136, pl. IV, fig. 3","Seram Bush Warbler","Seram Bush Warbler","Seram Grasshopper-warbler","2025-0327","<em>Locustella castanea</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is split into three species based on morphology, vocalizations, and genetics:<em> L. castanea </em>(including <em>everetti</em>); monotypic <em>L. musculus;</em> and monotypic <em>L. disturbans</em>. Mitogenomic data (Rheindt et al. 2020) show all members of this complex, including <em>L. portenta</em>, are sufficiently diverged to be treated as species.","Seram Island (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216914705","cbbwar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbbwar4","avibase-C5D95D65",null,null,"Mt. Pinaia, central Ceram; altitude 7,500 feet.","Die Vögel von Seran (Ceram).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/152/mode/1up","Androphilus disturbans musculus"],["22444","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella disturbans","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.2 p.238-239","Buru Bush Warbler","Buru Bush Warbler","Buru Grasshopper-warbler","2025-0327","<em>Locustella castanea</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is split into three species based on morphology, vocalizations, and genetics:<em> L. castanea </em>(including <em>everetti</em>); monotypic <em>L. musculus;</em> and monotypic <em>L. disturbans</em>. Mitogenomic data (Rheindt et al. 2020) show all members of this complex, including <em>L. portenta</em>, are sufficiently diverged to be treated as species.","Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216914903","cbbwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbbwar3","avibase-954948C3",null,null,"Mt. Mada or Madang, Buru, 3000 ft.","The birds of Buru, being a list of collections made on that island by Messrs. William Doherty and Dumas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/252/mode/1up","Androphilus disturbans"],["22445","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella portenta","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 14-25 [p. 14]","Taliabu Bush Warbler","Taliabu Bush Warbler","Taliabu Grasshopper-warbler","2025-0326","<em>Locustella portenta</em> is a newly described monotypic species. Differs in plumage and vocalizations from other members of the broader<em> castanea </em>complex; recovered as the sister lineage to <em>L. disturbans</em> based on mitogenomic data (Rheindt et al. 2020).","Taliabu Island (Sula Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216557253","talgrw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/talgrw1","avibase-07B21B75",null,null,"12 Dec 2013 near Waiyo dinahana Camp (~1200m) on Taliabu Island (S 01° 47.614'; E 124° 48.216').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Locustella portenta"],["22446","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella davidi","(La Touche, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.168","Baikal Bush Warbler","Baikal Bush Warbler","Baikal Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill streamside thickets, and clearings of taiga forest, from northern Altai Mountains (Siberia) eastward to northeastern China and North Korea, and in central China; migrates to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732200","spobuw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spobuw1","avibase-A3DA71AE",null,null,"Chinwangtao, northeastern Chihli (= Hopeh).","Description of a new subspecies of Chinese bird and notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/574/mode/1up","Tribura thoracica davidi"],["22447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella davidi davidi","(La Touche, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southeastern Russia (from the southeastern Transbaikalia eastward to western Amurland) and northeastern China, probably also in central China (central Sichuan, southern Gansu, and southern Shaanxi); winters in southeastern Asia, probably in northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9BE59B0",null,null,"Chinwangtao, northeastern Chihli (= Hopeh).","Description of a new subspecies of Chinese bird and notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/574/mode/1up","Tribura thoracica davidi"],["22448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella davidi suschkini","(Stegmann, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.2 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in south-central Siberia from Altai eastward to the southwestern Transbaikalia; winters in southeastern Asia, probably in Myanmar and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D9A6933",null,null,"sources of the Manyk River, affluent of the Lebed River, northeastern Altai ( = tributary of the Biya River, Russian Altai).","Neue Formen aus Ost-Sibirien.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917256","Dumeticola thoracica suschkini"],["22449","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella thoracica","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.584","Spotted Bush Warbler","Spotted Bush Warbler","Spotted Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"montane alpine scrub, and juniper and rhododendron thicket in forest clearings, from Nepal eastward through Himalayas to Tibet and central China; moves downslope in winter to southern Nepal and northeastern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103785851","spobuw3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spobuw3","avibase-21589EE3",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/130/mode/1up","D[umeticola] thoracica"],["22450","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella kashmirensis","(Sushkin, 1925)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.42","West Himalayan Bush Warbler","West Himalayan Bush Warbler","Himalayan Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"northwestern Himalayas (Kashmir to Uttarakhand)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735632","spobuw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spobuw2","avibase-6F6DA65C",null,null,"northwestern Himalayas.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=48","Dumeticola thoracica kashmirensis"],["22451","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella alishanensis","(Rasmussen, Round, Dickinson & Rozendaal, 2000)","The Auk 117, no.2 p.280-286Cover,InsideFrontCover","Taiwan Bush Warbler","Taiwan Bush Warbler","Taiwan Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732064","taibuw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taibuw1","avibase-AC14DBAB",null,null,"Ta-Kuan, Hua Lian Hsien (==Ta-Kuan-Ts'un, Hua-Lien Hsien; 23°45'N, 121°25'E), Taiwan, about 48 km southwest of Hua Lien (along a railroad near a lumber camp named Ta Kuan) at about 1,270 m elevation","A new bush-warbler (Sylviidae, Bradypterus) from Taiwan","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol117/iss2/1/","Bradypterus alishanensis"],["22452","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella seebohmi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.40","Benguet Bush Warbler","Benguet Bush Warbler","Benguet Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735054","benbuw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/benbuw1","avibase-E38055D6",null,null,"Lepanto Mountains, northern Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/266/mode/1up","Lusciniola seebohmi"],["22453","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella montis","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.540","Javan Bush Warbler","Javan Bush Warbler","Sunda Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"montane Java, Bali, and Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103785896","jabwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jabwar1","avibase-C537F2F2",null,null,"Mt. Arjuno, eastern Java; altitude 9,000-10,000 feet.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/592/mode/1up","Stasiasticus montis"],["22454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella montis montis","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.540",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57FBCB04",null,null,"Mt. Arjuno, eastern Java; altitude 9,000-10,000 feet.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/592/mode/1up","Stasiasticus montis"],["22455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella montis timorensis","(Mayr, 1944)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.136,158",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Timor and Alor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8BB6C6C",null,null,"Mt. Mutis, Timor; altitude 1,800 meters. March 1, 1932; Georg Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Bradypterus montis timorensis"],["22456","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella chengi","Alström, Xia, Rasmussen et al., 2015","Avian Research 6 (9) doi 10.1186/s40657-015-0016-z","Sichuan Bush Warbler","Sichuan Bush Warbler","Sichuan Grasshopper-warbler",null,null,"breeds in southern China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, northwestern Hunan, and northwestern Jiangxi); nonbreeding range unknown",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103785929","sicbuw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sicbuw1","avibase-E2715929",null,null,"Honghegu, Shaanxi Province, China (E107.47'45\", N34.01'07\"), 1640 m a.s.l., 30 May 2011, collected by Per Alström, Gang Song, Xuebin Gao, Zuohua Yin and Fumin Lei","Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China","http://www.avianres.com/content/pdf/s40657-015-0016-z.pdf","Locustella chengi"],["22457","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella idonea","(Riley, 1940)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.11 p.48-49","Dalat Bush Warbler","Dalat Bush Warbler",null,"2025-0325","Taxon <em>idonea </em>is split from <em>Locustella mandelli </em>based on plumage, vocalizations and genetics following Alström et al. (2015a).","highlands of central and southern Vietnam (Kon Tum and Da Lat plateaus)",null,null,null,"dabwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dabwar1","avibase-AACE84D1",null,null,"Camly, west of Dalat, southern Annam; altitude 1,600 meters.","Five new forms of Birds from southern Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/68/mode/1up","Tribura idonea"],["22458","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella mandelli","(Brooks, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3 no.4 p.284","Russet Bush Warbler","Russet Bush Warbler",null,"2025-0325","Taxon <em>idonea </em>is split from <em>Locustella mandelli </em>based on plumage, vocalizations and genetics following Alström et al. (2015a).","eastern Himalayas to central and southeastern China",null,null,null,"rubwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubwar1","avibase-9D31EB97",null,null,"Native Sikhim [=Sikkim, following Praveen 2025.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/312/mode/1up","Dumeticola mandelli"],["22459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella mandelli mandelli","(Brooks, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3 no.4 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India, Bhutan, northern and western Myanmar, south-central and southern China, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B49266A",null,null,"Native Sikhim [=Sikkim, following Praveen 2025.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/312/mode/1up","Dumeticola mandelli"],["22460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Locustella mandelli melanorhyncha","(Rickett, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern China; winters to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D0F84C",null,null,"Kuatun (= Kuan-t'un), northwestern Fohkien (= Fukien), China.","[Description of a new species of Warbler].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/530/mode/1up","Lusciniola melanorhyncha"],["22461","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Elaphrornis","Legge, 1879","A history of the birds of Ceylon p.514",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Brachypteryx? palliseri [Blyth, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Elaphrornis"],["22462","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Elaphrornis palliseri","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.178","Sri Lanka Bush Warbler","Sri Lanka Bush Warbler","Sri Lanka Warbler",null,null,"dwarf bamboo montane forest of Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714545","ceybuw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceybuw1","avibase-592B6CCB",null,null,"Ceylon.","Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/226/mode/1up","Brachypteryx (?) palliseri"],["22463","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Schoenicola","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thimalia platyura [Jerdon, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/564/mode/1up","Schoenicola"],["22464","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Schoenicola striatus","(Jerdon, 1841)","Catalogue of the birds of the Peninsula of India arranged according to the modern system of classification; with brief notes on their habits and geographical distribution, and descriptions of new, doubtful and imperfectly described species (Supplement) p.88","Bristled Grassbird","Bristled Grassbird","Bristled Grassbird",null,null,"grassland of Indian subcontinent",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715559","brigra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brigra2","avibase-F0EECB8B",null,null,"Nilgiris.","Descriptions of a New Calamanthus and a New Megalurus from Western Australia.",null,"Megalurus? striatus"],["22465","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Schoenicola platyurus","(Jerdon, 1841)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.1, no.30 p.170","Broad-tailed Grassbird","Broad-tailed Grassbird","Broad-tailed Grassbird",null,null,"grassland of southwestern India (Western Ghats from Karnataka to Kerala)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715577","brtgra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtgra2","avibase-63CBD04F",null,null,"Goodaloor, foot of the Neilgherries (= Nilgiris).","Supplement to the Catalogue of Birds of the Peninsula of India. (From No. 29, page 227.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/216/mode/1up","Thimalia platyura"],["22466","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Catriscus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.43.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia apicalis [Lichtenstein]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/59/mode/1up","Catriscus"],["22467","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Catriscus brevirostris","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.103","Fan-tailed Grassbird","Fan-tailed Grassbird","Fan-tailed Grassbird",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane wet grassland, and sedge meadows, of Sierra Leone and adjacent Guinea, southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon, and highlands of South Sudan and western Ethiopia, and from southern Gabon eastward through northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western and southern Kenya, and southward to western Angola and eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Lesotho; southern highland populations migratory after breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715572","fatgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatgra1","avibase-2470FC01",null,null,"'in Caffraria inferiori.' Type from upper Umlaas River, Natal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1927, Arkiv Zool., 19 A, no. 1, p. 46.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/113/mode/1up","Bradypterus brevirostris"],["22468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Catriscus brevirostris alexinae","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Ethiopia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77249A69",null,null,"Mashra' ar Raqq, Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.","Ornithologische Beobachtungen vom Bahr el abiad und Bahr el ghasál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/178/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus Alexinae"],["22469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Catriscus brevirostris brevirostris","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B02C5830",null,null,"'in Caffraria inferiori.' Type from upper Umlaas River, Natal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1927, Arkiv Zool., 19 A, no. 1, p. 46.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/113/mode/1up","Bradypterus brevirostris"],["22470","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Megalurus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Megalurus palustris [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/177/mode/1up","Megalurus"],["22471","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Megalurus palustris","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.159","Striated Grassbird","Striated Grassbird","Striated Grassbird",null,null,"northeastern Pakistan eastward across India and southern Nepal to northeastern India, Myanmar, southern China, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, and lowlands in northern Borneo, Java, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715494","strgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strgra1","avibase-CE6A2FED",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/178/mode/1up","Megalurus palustris"],["22472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Megalurus palustris toklao","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.179 bis,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan to India, southern China, southern Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D80BF312",null,null,"in the bazaar, Calcutta","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday Evening, 10th February, 1843.) Report].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/223/mode/1up","Turdus toklao"],["22473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Megalurus palustris palustris","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8F5DEE6",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/178/mode/1up","Megalurus palustris"],["22474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Megalurus palustris forbesi","Bangs, 1919","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45B8B873",null,null,"Baguio, Benguet, Luzon.","A new Striated Grass Warbler from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42085#page/18/mode/1up","Megalurus palustris forbesi"],["22475","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bradypterus platyurus [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy = Sylvia baboecala Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/265/mode/1up","Bradypterus"],["22476","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus sylvaticus","Sundevall, 1860","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.s., 2, art.10 p.30","Knysna Warbler","Knysna Warbler","Knysna Warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland dense thickets in forest patches and edges, usually near water, in coastal South Africa (Western Cape eastward to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714480","knswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/knswar1","avibase-D4F0437E",null,null,"Knysna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/498/mode/1up","Bradypterus sylvaticus"],["22477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus sylvaticus sylvaticus","Sundevall, 1860","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.s., 2, art.10 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (Cape Peninsula to Port Elizabeth)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ED9B268",null,null,"Knysna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/498/mode/1up","Bradypterus sylvaticus"],["22478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus sylvaticus pondoensis","Haagner, 1909","The Journal of the South African Ornithologists' Union 5 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal scrub of eastern Cape Province and KwaZulu-Natal coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20EDE8D6",null,null,"'West Pondoland.' Type from Port St. Johns, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 511, note 2.","Miscellaneous notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36825#page/122/mode/1up","Bradypterus pondoensis"],["22479","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus bangwaensis","Delacour, 1943","Ibis vol.85. no.1 p.39","Bangwa Forest Warbler","Bangwa Warbler","Bangwa Warbler",null,null,"submontane to montane dense understory of forest edges and clearings, riparian tall grass and rank herbage, and bracken-bramble thicker, in highlands of southeastern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, and Gotel Mountains) and southwestern Cameroon Highlands (Mt. Oku, Banso Mountains, Bamenda Highlands, Bamboutos Plateau, Mt. Manengouba, western Adamawa Highlands, and Poli)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724375","banscw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banscw1","avibase-AD3FBCA9",null,null,"Bangwa, N.W. Cameroon","The Bush-Warblers of the Genera Cettia and Bradypterus with Notes on Allied Genera and Species.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1943.tb03993.x","Bradypterus cinnamomeus bangwaensis"],["22480","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus cinnamomeus","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.111 pl.42 fig.1","Cinnamon Bracken Warbler","Cinnamon Bracken-Warbler","Cinnamon Bracken-warbler",null,null,"patchy in montane scrub, bracken-briar, and brushy bamboo, from southern South Sudan and Ethiopia highlands southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya highlands to southern Tanzania and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714503","cibwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibwar1","avibase-523913AE",null,null,"labeled Curruca (Sylvia) cinnamomea Entschetqab, Semien Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/191/mode/1up","Sylvia? (Salicaria) cinnamomea"],["22481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus cinnamomeus cavei","Macdonald, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan and northeastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-539262CA",null,null,"Kipia, Imatong Mountains, Sudan, lat. 3° 5r N., long. 32° 5r E.; altitude 8,800 feet.","A new Race of Scrub Warbler from the Southern Sudan and of a Babbler from Western Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/39/mode/1up","Bradypterus cinnamomeus cavei"],["22482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.111 pl.42 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A0260B4",null,null,"labeled Curruca (Sylvia) cinnamomea Entschetqab, Semien Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/191/mode/1up","Sylvia? (Salicaria) cinnamomea"],["22483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus cinnamomeus mildbreadi","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4819C422",null,null,"Ronssoro (= Ruwenzori); altitude 4,000 meters.","Neue Arten von der Reise des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/177/mode/1up","Bradypterus mildbreadi"],["22484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus cinnamomeus nyassae","Shelley, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tanzania to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern Zambia, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EA8883A",null,null,"Mlanje ( = Lichenya) Plateau, Nyasaland; altitude 6,000 feet.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/46/mode/1up","Bradypterus nyassae"],["22485","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus barratti","Sharpe, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.21 p.53","Barratt's Warbler","Barratt's Warbler","Barratt's Warbler",null,null,"foothill and montane dense forest understory from eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique southward to Lesotho and eastern South Africa; altitudinal migrant",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714497","afswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afswar1","avibase-6A8A9135",null,null,"neighborhood of Mac Mac goldfields, Lydenburg district, Transvaal.","Descriptions of two new Species of South-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/75/mode/1up","Bradypterus barratti"],["22486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus barratti barratti","Sharpe, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.21 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B168C926",null,null,"neighborhood of Mac Mac goldfields, Lydenburg district, Transvaal.","Descriptions of two new Species of South-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/75/mode/1up","Bradypterus barratti"],["22487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus barratti godfreyi","(Roberts, 1922)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (lowland KwaZulu-Natal and coastal Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EA44751",null,null,"Pirie, Cape Province.","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/316/mode/1up","Caffrillas barratti godfreyi"],["22488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus barratti cathkinensis","Vincent, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.2 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central South Africa (highlands from Eastern Cape through interior KwaZulu-Natal to Mpumalanga) and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-560CFE07",null,null,"near Cathkin Peak and the Mahlabachaneng Pass, Giant's Castle Game Reserve, Natal; altitude 7,000 feet.","A New Race of Barratt's Scrub Warbler from Natal, South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/44/mode/1up","Bradypterus barratti cathkinensis"],["22489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus barratti priesti","Benson, 1946","Ostrich 17 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BCE6EBF",null,null,"Vumba, near Umtali, southern Rhodesia; altitude 5,500 feet.","A new race of Scrub-Warbler from Southern Rhodesia.",null,"Bradypterus (Caffrillas) barratti priesti"],["22490","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.48","Evergreen Forest Warbler","Evergreen-forest Warbler","Evergreen-forest Warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane dense forest undergrowth of southeastern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), western Angola, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya highlands, and southward to northern Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714485","camscw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camscw1","avibase-8160D091",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po. Spelling corrected to lopesi, Alexander, 1903, Ibis, p. 375.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/420/mode/1up","Phlexis lopezi"],["22491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi lopezi","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EC53BCE",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po. Spelling corrected to lopesi, Alexander, 1903, Ibis, p. 375.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/420/mode/1up","Phlexis lopezi"],["22492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi manengubae","Serle, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Manenguba (southwestern Cameroon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E1FBA42",null,null,"Mt. Manenguba, British Cameroon, lat. 5° 5' N., long. 9° 50' E.; altitude 6,500 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/81/mode/1up","Bradypterus mariae manengubae"],["22493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi camerunensis","Alexander, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7463DF6E",null,null,"Mt. Cameroon; altitude 7,000 feet.","Description of a new species of Warbler from the Peak of Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/287/mode/1up","Bradypterus camerunensis"],["22494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi barakae","Sharpe, 1906","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.23 p.546",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDFA746E",null,null,"Ruwenzori Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/638/mode/1up","Bradypterus barakae"],["22495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi mariae","Madarász, 1905","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 3 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2605B8BC",null,null,"Kibosho, Tanganyika.","Über eine neue Bradypterus-Art.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1905_Vol_3_1_401.pdf","Bradypterus mariae"],["22496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi usambarae","Reichenow, 1917","Journal für Ornithologie 65, no.3 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya (Taita Hills) to southwestern Tanzania, northern Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76C7A4D",null,null,"Usambara, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","[Neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43317#page/401/mode/1up","Bradypterus usambarae"],["22497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi ufipae","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D0D8397",null,null,"Mbisi (= Mbizi), Sumbawanga, Ufipa Plateau, southwestern Tanganyika; altitude 8,000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/58/mode/1up","Sathrocercus cinnamomeus ufipae"],["22498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi granti","Benson, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi (south of Nyika) to northern Mozambique (Mount Chiperone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7F770DF",null,null,"Mt. Mlanje, Lichenya Plateau, Nyasaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/140/mode/1up","Bradypterus usambarae granti"],["22499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus lopezi boultoni","Chapin, 1948","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 31 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06A02FB7",null,null,"northwestern Mombolo highland, western Angola; altitude ca. 5,000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216917#page/13/mode/1up","Bradypterus mariae boultoni"],["22500","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus seebohmi","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.177","Grey Emutail","Gray Emutail","Madagascar Grassbird",null,null,"humid grassy swamps of eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715475","gryemt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryemt1","avibase-875A131F",null,null,"near Antananarivo (Tananarive), Madagascar.","On a second Species of Dromaeocercus from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/249/mode/1up","Dromaeocercus seebohmi"],["22501","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus brunneus","(Sharpe, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.23 pl.2 fig.2","Brown Emutail","Brown Emutail","Brown Emu-tail",null,null,"humid rainforest of eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714564","bretai1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bretai1","avibase-D9721DB9",null,null,"near Antananarivo (Tananarive), Madagascar.","On new Species of Warblers in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/51/mode/1up","Dromaeocercus brunneus"],["22502","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus grandis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1917","Ibis ser.10, vol.5, no.1 p.78","Dja River Scrub Warbler","Dja River Swamp Warbler","Dja River Swamp-warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill dense sedge swamps, usually within forest, and tall elephant grass, from southeastern Cameroon and southwestern Central African Republic southward to southern Gabon",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714454","jrswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jrswar1","avibase-4761DFE7",null,null,"Bitye, Ja (= Dja) River, southern Cameroon.","Remarks on some recent Collections of Birds made by Mr. G. L. Bates in Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35521#page/124/mode/1up","Bradypterus grandis"],["22503","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus graueri","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.56","Grauer's Swamp Warbler","Grauer's Swamp Warbler","Grauer's Swamp-warbler",null,null,"submontane to montane grassy sedge swamps, both within and outside forest, and dense sedge scrub, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Albertine Rift highlands of southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714468","grswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grswar1","avibase-1DC48058",null,null,"Western Kivu Volcanoes, Belgian Congo; altitude 2,200 meters.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/82/mode/1up","Bradypterus graueri"],["22504","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus carpalis","Chapin, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.3 p.27 fig.4","White-winged Swamp Warbler","White-winged Swamp Warbler","White-winged Swamp-warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane dense papyrus swamp from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and southwestern Kenya southward to northwestern Tanzania, and disjunctly in northern Zambia and adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714461","wwswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wwswar1","avibase-8CA1A851",null,null,"Faradje, upper Uele district, Belgian Congo.","Four New Birds from the Belgian Congo.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1894","Bradypterus carpalis"],["22505","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus centralis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.55","Highland Rush Warbler","Highland Rush Warbler","Highland Rush-warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane sedge and papyrus marsh, and highland swamps, from southern Ghana eastward to southern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia, and southward to Burundi and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219592883","hirwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hirwar2","avibase-D6A69E06",null,null,"between Mkingo (= Mukingo) and Muhera, Rwanda.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/81/mode/1up","Bradypterus brachypterus centralis"],["22506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus centralis sudanensis","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73C8CF4B",null,null,"White Nile, southern Sudan, lat. 9° 30' N., long. 30° 40' E.","New Races of Swamp- and Bracken-Warblers from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/53/mode/1up","Bradypterus baboecala sudanensis"],["22507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus centralis elgonensis","Madarász, 1912","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 20 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western and central Kenya and southeastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0E17901",null,null,"Buchungu, Mt. Elgon.","Bradypterus elgonensis n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101399#page/193/mode/1up","Bradypterus elgonensis"],["22508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus centralis centralis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to southern Cameroon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA7054DD",null,null,"between Mkingo (= Mukingo) and Muhera, Rwanda.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/81/mode/1up","Bradypterus brachypterus centralis"],["22509","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.172","Little Rush Warbler","Little Rush Warbler","Little Rush-warbler","2025-0328","Taxon <em>chadensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Bradypterus baboecala </em>based on vocalizations; the songs of <em>B. baboecala</em>, including <em>chadensis</em>, are low-pitched and distinguishable from the high-pitched songs of <em>B. centralis</em> (Dowsett-Lemaire 2022). Conflicts between mitochondrial DNA (Alström et al. 2018a) and vocal data (Dowsett-Lemaire 2022) suggest that species limits within the <em>B. baboecala</em> and <em>B. centralis </em>complexes are in need of a comprehensive review.","patchy in lowland to montane reedy marsh and papyrus swamp of western Chad (Lake Chad), Ethiopian highlands, western Angola, southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania, and from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219592393","afbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afbwar1","avibase-ED9EE880",null,null,"Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/186/mode/1up","Sylvia baboecala"],["22510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala chadensis","Bannerman, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"western Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-784B97B6",null,null,"Lake Chad.","Description of a new race of Swamp-Warbler from Lake Chad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/83/mode/1up","Bradypterus brachypterus chadensis"],["22511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala abyssinicus","(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A007F34B",null,null,"Chercher, Abyssinia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/51/mode/1up","Lusciniola abyssinica"],["22512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala tongensis","Roberts, 1931","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14, pt.3 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-705898D1",null,null,"Kosi Bay, northern Zululand.","Some new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_638","Bradypterus brachypterus tongensis"],["22513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala msiri","Neave, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to Zambia, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga), and northeastern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-958F9B5F",null,null,"Bunkeya River, Lufira valley, Katanga (= Shaba), Congo Free State.","On behalf of Mr. S. A. Neave, exhibition of a new genus and species of Weaver-Finch and of a new species of Warbler from Katanga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/293/mode/1up","Bradypterus msiri"],["22514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala benguellensis","Bannerman, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6C7E666",null,null,"Chicuma, Benguela, Angola; altitude 5,400 feet.","Exhibition and description of new birds obtained by Admiral H. Lynes in Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/187/mode/1up","Bradypterus brachypterus benguellensis"],["22515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala transvaalensis","Roberts, 1919","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 6, pt.3 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"central Zimbabwe, northern and eastern South Africa, western Eswatini, and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E732A032",null,null,"Wakkerstroom, Transvaal [South Africa]","Some notes on birds and descriptions of new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202290#page/164/mode/1up","Bradypterus transvaalensis"],["22516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Bradypterus baboecala baboecala","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (Western Cape and Eastern Cape, eastward to Great Kei River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A80E5FC9",null,null,"Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/186/mode/1up","Sylvia baboecala"],["22517","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.42.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sphenoeacus gramineus [Gould, 1845]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/58/mode/1up","Poodytes"],["22518","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes albolimbatus","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.87","Fly River Grassbird","Fly River Grassbird","Fly River Grassbird",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (Fly River lowlands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715497","flrgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flrgra1","avibase-EF8973E3",null,null,"Fly River (at 430 miles), British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/93/mode/1up","Poodytes albo-limbatus"],["22519","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes carteri","(North, 1900)","The Victorian Naturalist 17 p.79","Spinifexbird","Spinifexbird","Spinifexbird",null,null,"northern Australia (Pilbara region, including Barrow Island, Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715517","spibir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spibir1","avibase-BA50CCD7",null,null,"North West Cape, northwestern Australia.","Description of a new Bird from North-west Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95020#page/107/mode/1up","Eremiornis carteri"],["22520","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes gramineus","(Gould, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.145 p.19","Little Grassbird","Little Grassbird","Little Grassbird",null,null,"Paniai Lake, western New Guinea and Australia (except west-central and northern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715501","litgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litgra1","avibase-297C0D49",null,null,"Tasmania.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Trogon, from South America, and seven new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/233/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus gramineus"],["22521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes gramineus papuensis","(Junge, 1952)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 31 (22) p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Wissel Lakes region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A70EC5E7",null,null,"Paniai, Wissel Lakes district.","New subspecies of birds from New Guinea.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318288","Megalurus gramineus papuensis"],["22522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes gramineus goulburni","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Australia (except Cape York Peninsula and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4F61937",null,null,"Goulburn, New South Wales","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/368/mode/1up","Megalurus gramineus goulburni"],["22523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes gramineus thomasi","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to Esperance)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC43DA42",null,null,"Lake Muir, Western Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/368/mode/1up","Megalurus gramineus thomasi"],["22524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes gramineus gramineus","(Gould, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.145 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B649936",null,null,"Tasmania.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Trogon, from South America, and seven new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/233/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus gramineus"],["22525","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes rufescens","(Buller, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.17 p.38","Chatham Islands Fernbird","Chatham Islands Fernbird","Chatham Islands Fernbird",null,null,"formerly Chatham Islands; extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728902","chifer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chifer1","avibase-A0CF86E4",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","On some New Species of New Zealand Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/60/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus rufescens"],["22526","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes punctatus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.255 Atlas Ois. pl.18 fig.3","New Zealand Fernbird","New Zealand Fernbird",null,"2025-0329","Taxon <em>caudatus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Poodytes punctatus</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Distinguishable on size and plumage from New Zealand <em>P. punctatus,</em> and moderately diverged from <em>P. p. vealeae</em> based on mitochondrial DNA (Alström et al. 2018a), but other taxa have not been sampled. Information on vocalizations and a more comprehensive genetic review are required.","New Zealand including satellite islands to Snares Islands",null,null,null,"fernbi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fernbi1","avibase-8D80B965",null,null,"Tasman Bay, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/313/mode/1up","Synallaxis punctata"],["22527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes punctatus vealeae","(Kemp, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.5 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"North Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62CC7B4A",null,null,"Umawera, Hokianga, North Island.","New subspecies of New Zealand birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/156/mode/1up","Bowdleria punctata vealeae"],["22528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes punctatus punctatus","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.255 Atlas Ois. pl.18 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"South Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-254695B2",null,null,"Tasman Bay, South Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/313/mode/1up","Synallaxis punctata"],["22529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes punctatus stewartianus","(Oliver, 1930)","New Zealand Birds ed. 1 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"Stewart Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97C466AA",null,null,"Stewart Island.",null,null,"Bowdleria punctata stewartiana"],["22530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes punctatus wilsoni","(Stead, 1936)","Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 66 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"Codfish Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D89A617B",null,null,"Codfish Island.","Fernbirds - two new subspecies of Bowdleria punctata.","https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1937-66.2.6.28?end_date=01-01-1937&items_per_page=10&query=Fernbird&start_date=01-01-1937&title=TPRSNZ","Bowdleria punctata wilsoni"],["22531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Poodytes punctatus caudatus","(Buller, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.523",null,null,null,null,null,"Snares Island (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-462CF36B",null,null,"Snares Island.","On a new Species of Fern-bird (SphenSacus) from the Snares Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/559/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus caudatus"],["22532","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Malia","Schlegel, 1880","Notes from the Leyden Museum 2 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Malia grata [Schlegel, 1880]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Malia"],["22533","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Malia grata","Schlegel, 1880","Notes from the Leyden Museum 2 p.165","Malia","Malia","Malia",null,null,"montane Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713260","malia1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malia1","avibase-974B0A63",null,null,"Makassar District, Celebes.","On an undescribed bird of the Timalia-Group, Malia grata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37306#page/179/mode/1up","Malia grata"],["22534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Malia grata recondita","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.4 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of peninsular northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFB516CC",null,null,"mountains between Menado [1°30'N., 124°50'E.] and Mongondok [0°48'N., 124°E.], Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/27/mode/1up","Malia recondita"],["22535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Malia grata stresemanni","Meise, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern peninsular Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2C7D707",null,null,"Rano Rano [lat. 1° 30' S., long. 120° 19' E.], Celebes.","Neue Subspezies aus Zentral-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0047-0048.pdf","Malia grata stresemanni"],["22536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Malia grata grata","Schlegel, 1880","Notes from the Leyden Museum 2 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi (Mount Lompobattang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB5EFFF3",null,null,"Makassar District, Celebes.","On an undescribed bird of the Timalia-Group, Malia grata.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37306#page/179/mode/1up","Malia grata"],["22537","genus","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus","Gould, 1838","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt4 App. p.4",null,null,null,"2025-0330","<em>Megalurulus </em>is synonymized with <em>Cincloramphus </em>based on Alström et al. (2018a); phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA showed that <em>Megalurulus </em>is not monophyletic, and that all species are embedded within <em>Cincloramphus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Megalurus cruralis [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172464#page/310/mode/1up","Cincloramphus"],["22538","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus cruralis","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.228","Brown Songlark","Brown Songlark","Brown Songlark",null,null,"mainland Australia (except northern Kimberley, northern Northern Territory and northern Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715511","broson1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broson1","avibase-E4A62726",null,null,"Sydney, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 569.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/237/mode/1up","Megalurus cruralis"],["22539","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus llaneae","(Hadden, 1983)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103 p.23","Bougainville Thicketbird","Bougainville Thicketbird","Bougainville Thicketbird",null,null,"mountains of Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715535","bouthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bouthi1","avibase-62B8ED27",null,null,"Crown Prince Range, ca. lat. 6° 19' S., long. 155° 30' E., central Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea.","A new species of Thicket Warbler Cichlornis (Sylviinae) from Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/31/mode/1up","Cichlornis llaneae"],["22540","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus rubiginosus","(Sclater, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.2 p.452 pl.39","Rusty Thicketbird","Rusty Thicketbird","Rusty Thicketbird",null,null,"scrub of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715549","rusthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusthi1","avibase-AFE12556",null,null,"New Britain.","Characters of two new birds obtained in New Britain by Mr. Kleinschmidt, collector of the Museum Godeffroy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/558/mode/1up","Ortygocichla rubiginosa"],["22541","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus grosvenori","(Gilliard, 1960)","American Museum Novitates no.2008 p.1","New Britain Thicketbird","New Britain Thicketbird","New Britain Thicketbird",null,null,"known from 2 specimens from Whiteman Mountains of New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715529","bisthi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bisthi1","avibase-9B658528",null,null,"Wild Dog Range, Whiteman Mountains, central New Britain; altitude 5,200+ feet.","Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain expedition. 2, A new species of thicket warbler (Aves, Cichlornis) from New Britain.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3549/","Cichlornis grosvenori"],["22542","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus bivittatus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.359","Buff-banded Thicketbird","Buff-banded Bushbird","Buff-banded Bushbird",null,null,"lowland scrub of Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715521","bubbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubbus1","avibase-9C16D3E4",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/561/mode/1up","Napothera bivittata"],["22543","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus mathewsi","Iredale, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.97","Rufous Songlark","Rufous Songlark","Rufous Songlark",null,null,"Australia (except the Nullarbor Plain and Tasmania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715514","rufson1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufson1","avibase-D6C5E52E",null,null,"Yalgoo, Western Australia.","Description of a new subspecies of bird from W. Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/125/mode/1up","Cincloramphus rufescens mathewsi"],["22544","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus macrurus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.35","Papuan Grassbird","Papuan Grassbird","Papuan Grassbird",null,null,"New Guinea (except south-central) and eastern Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103795115","tawgra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawgra2","avibase-ADA9D3DA",null,null,"Naiabui, Hall Sound, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/41/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus macrurus"],["22545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus macrurus stresemanni","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Lake Giji, Arfak Mountains, and Wissel Lakes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC140E66",null,null,"Kofo (= Koffo), Lake Giji, Arfak Mountains.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/99/mode/1up","Megalurus timoriensis stresemanni"],["22546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus macrurus macrurus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"lower elevation central and southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC521A93",null,null,"Naiabui, Hall Sound, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/41/mode/1up","Sphenoeacus macrurus"],["22547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus macrurus harterti","(Mayr, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 5 p.686",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern New Guinea (Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBCD9754",null,null,"Ogeramnang, Saruwaged Mountains, New Guinea.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Megalurus timoriensis harterti"],["22548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus macrurus alpinus","(Mayr & Rand, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"alpine grassland in west-central and eastern New Guinea, including the Snow Mountains, the Telefomin area, the central highlands (Mount Giluwe, Mount Hagen, and Mount Wilhelm) and the Wharton Range",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF2724E",null,null,"southwest slope of Mt. Albert Edward, southeastern New Guinea; altitude 3,680 meters. July 2, 1933; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Megalurus timoriensis alpinus"],["22549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus macrurus interscapularis","(Sclater, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.65, pl. VI",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover, New Ireland, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC672E27",null,null,"New Britain.","On a Fifth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and its Vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/111/mode/1up","Megalurus interscapularis"],["22550","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.489","Tawny Grassbird","Tawny Grassbird","Tawny Grassbird",null,null,"Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon (central Moluccas), central and eastern Lesser Sundas, south-central New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103795069","tawgra3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawgra3","avibase-55BCBFAF",null,null,"Timor.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/589/mode/1up","Megalurus timoriensis"],["22551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis tweeddalei","(McGregor, 1908)","The Philippine Journal of Science 3 no.4 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Tablas, Marinduque, Ticao, and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F325FA4",null,null,"Monte Alban and San Mateo, Luzon. Type from Monte Alban = Montalban, Rizal Province, Luzon, fide Parkes, 1970, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 90, p. Ill, and Warren and C. J. O. Harrison, 1971, Type-Specimens Birds Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 2, p. 475.","Some necessary changes to the names of Philippine birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111121#page/415/mode/1up","Megalurus tweeddalei"],["22552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis alopex","(Parkes, 1970)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 90, no.4 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Cebu, and Leyte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E85FED81",null,null,"Tacloban airstrip, Leyte Island, Philippines.","The Philippine races of the Rufous-capped Grass Warbler Megalurus timoriensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/366/mode/1up","Megalurus timoriensis alopex"],["22553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis amboinensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.988",null,null,null,null,null,"Ambon (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F12228D6",null,null,"Amboina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/994/mode/1up","Sphoenaecus amboinensis"],["22554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis crex","(Salomonsen, 1953)","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao and Camiguin Sur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B270F67B",null,null,"Kaatoan Cinchona Plantation, Mt. Katanglad, Bukidnon Province, central Mindanao; altitude 1,250 meters.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Megalurus timoriensis crex"],["22555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis mindorensis","(Salomonsen, 1953)","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindoro (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A44946B6",null,null,"Mt. Halcon, Mindoro; altitude, 8,000 feet.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Megalurus timoriensis mindorensis"],["22556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis celebensis","(Riley, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32, no.16 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66810BEA",null,null,"Besoa, Celebes.","Six new birds from Celebes and Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/118/mode/1up","Megalurus celebensis"],["22557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis inquirendus","(Siebers, 1928)","Treubia 10, no.2-3 p.403-404",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B937278",null,null,"Kananggar, eastern Sumba.","Neue Vögel von Sumba.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v10i2-3.1812","Megalurus macrurus inquirendus"],["22558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis timoriensis","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA4564D7",null,null,"Timor.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/589/mode/1up","Megalurus timoriensis"],["22559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis muscalis","(Rand, 1938)","American Museum Novitates no.991 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Middle Fly River region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3552F155",null,null,"Lake Daviumbu, middle Fly River, southern New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 20. On some Passerine New Guinea Birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3869/","Megalurus timoriensis muscalis"],["22560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to central Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34D425C7",null,null,"Napier Broome Bay, northwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/369/mode/1up","Megalurus alisteri alisteri"],["22561","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus whitneyi","(Mayr, 1933)","American Museum Novitates no.590 p.4","Santo Thicketbird","Santo Thicketbird","Santo Thicketbird","2025-0331","Taxon <em>turipavae </em>is split from <em>Cincloramphus whitneyi </em>based on differences in morphology and plumage. The disjunct biogeographic distribution of these taxa also argues for species recognition.","mountains of Espiritu Santo (Vanuatu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103798480","guathi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guathi2","avibase-582FE962",null,null,"Santo (= Espiritu Santo) Island, New Hebrides; altitude ca. 2,500 feet.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 22, Three new genera from Polynesia and Melanesia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4192/","Cichlornis whitneyi"],["22562","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus turipavae","(Cain & Galbraith, 1955)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.7 p.91","Guadalcanal Thicketbird","Guadalcanal Thicketbird","Guadalcanal Thicketbird","2025-0331","Taxon <em>turipavae </em>is split from <em>Cincloramphus whitneyi </em>based on differences in morphology and plumage. The disjunct biogeographic distribution of these taxa also argues for species recognition.","mountains of Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103798488","guathi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guathi1","avibase-7742FBED",null,null,"Guadalcanal.","Five new subspecies from the mountains of Guadalcanal (British Solomon Islands).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/133/mode/1up","Cichlornis whitneyi turipavae"],["22563","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus mariae","(Verreaux, 1869)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 5 p.17 pl.1 fig.2","New Caledonian Thicketbird","New Caledonian Thicketbird","New Caledonian Thicketbird","2025-N056","Use of \"<em>mariae</em>\" is the correct original spelling. The spelling \"<em>mariei</em>\" is an unjustified emendation. The original describer was within his right to Latinize the name \"Marie\" into \"Maria\" and form the genitive \"<em>mariae</em>\".","grassland and open heath of New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715525","necgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/necgra1","avibase-B67CE90E",null,null,"New Caledonia.","Description de deux oiseaux de la collection zoologique du Muséum qui constituent des espèces nouvelles.",null,"Megalurulus mariae"],["22564","species","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus rufus","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.191-192 p.489","Long-legged Thicketbird","Long-legged Thicketbird","Long-legged Thicketbird",null,null,"montane northwestern and north-central Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715555","lolwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lolwar1","avibase-B211BC0D",null,null,"Viti Levu.","Vorläufiges über eine neue Gattung und Art von den Fidschi-Inseln","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/501/mode/1up","Trichocichla rufa"],["22565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus rufus rufus","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.191-192 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Viti Levu (Fiji Islands; local)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDD46604",null,null,"Viti Levu.","Vorläufiges über eine neue Gattung und Art von den Fidschi-Inseln","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/501/mode/1up","Trichocichla rufa"],["22566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Locustellidae","Grasshopper Warblers, Grassbirds, and allies","Cincloramphus rufus cluniei","(Kinsky, 1975)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 95, no.3 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Levu (Fiji Islands; possibly extinct)","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-F99E9D0C",null,null,"Nabauloa Creek area, southern slopes of the Delancau Mountains, Vanua Levu.","A new subspecies of the Long-legged Warbler, Trichocichla rufa Reichenow, from Vanua Levu, Fiji.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/558/mode/1up","Trichocichla rufa cluniei"],["22567","family","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepygidae",null,null,"Cupwings","Cupwings","Cupwings",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pnoepy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pnoepy1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22568","genus","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga","Hodgson, 1844","The zoological miscellany 3 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tesia albiventer [Hodgson, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Zimmer & Vaurie, 1954, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 74, p. 41).   ",null,"Catalogue of Nipalese Birds collected between 1824 and 1844.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/102/mode/1up","Pnoepyga"],["22569","species","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga formosana","Ingram, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.97","Taiwan Cupwing","Taiwan Cupwing","Taiwan Cupwing",null,null,"highlands of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734538","taiwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taiwrb1","avibase-61908368",null,null,"Arisan, central Formosa.","Description of a new subspecies of Hill-Wren from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/469/mode/1up","Pnoëpyga formosana"],["22570","species","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga albiventer","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.102","Scaly-breasted Cupwing","Scaly-breasted Cupwing","Scaly-breasted Cupwing","2025-0345","Taxon <em>mutica </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pnoepyga albiventer </em>based on available genetic and vocal evidence. Analysis of songs and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data from widely separated populations revealed modest levels of divergence that are more consistent with subspecific differentiation (Päckert et al. 2013). Further research on geographical variation in vocalizations and a more comprehensive genetic review is warranted.","Himalayas, from northwest India eastward through Nepal and Bhutan to northeastern India and northern Myanmar, southward to the Chin Hills (western Myanmar), and eastward through southern China to northern Vietnam (western Tonkin); also central China, in Sichuan (northern Pingwu County, Guanxian, central Emei Shan, and Wa Shan) and western Yunnan (northwestern Gongshan and the western part of the Longchuan River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735145","scbcup3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbcup3","avibase-8E94E596",null,null,"Nepal; restricted to eastern Nepal by Rand and Fleming, 1957, Fieldiana Zool. [Chicago], 41, p. 124; further restricted to Ham District by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 357.","On three new Genera or sub-Genera of long-legged Thrushes, with descriptions of their species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/150/mode/1up","[Tesia] Albiventer"],["22571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga albiventer pallidior","Kinnear, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (eastern Punjab to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE3EA076",null,null,"Dharmsala, Kangra, East Punjab.","Remarks on some Indian birds with proposed new names.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/38/mode/1up","Pnoepyga albiventer pallidior"],["22572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga albiventer albiventer","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to Assam, northern Myanmar, southwestern China, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69562AD3",null,null,"Nepal; restricted to eastern Nepal by Rand and Fleming, 1957, Fieldiana Zool. [Chicago], 41, p. 124; further restricted to Ham District by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 357.","On three new Genera or sub-Genera of long-legged Thrushes, with descriptions of their species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/150/mode/1up","[Tesia] Albiventer"],["22573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga albiventer mutica","Thayer & Bangs, 1912","Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 40, no.4 p.172-173, pl. IV, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E71F7EE2",null,null,"Wa Shan, southwestern Szechwan.","Some Chinese vertebrates. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96494#page/222/mode/1up","Pnoepyga mutica"],["22574","species","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga immaculata","Martens & Eck, 1991","Journal für Ornithologie 132, no.2 p.179-198","Nepal Cupwing","Nepal Cupwing","Nepal Cupwing",null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal; winters to terai lowlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716104","immwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/immwrb1","avibase-F2E7531F",null,null,"Nepal, Mustang Distr., Thakkhola, unterhalb Lete, 2530 m, artenreicher Laubwald [=Nepal, Mustang District, Thakkhola, below Lete, 2530 m, diverse deciduous forest]","Pnoepyga immaculata n. sp., eine neue bodenbewohnende Timalie aus dem Nepal - Himalaya.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01647276","Pnoepyga immaculata"],["22575","species","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.25","Pygmy Cupwing","Pygmy Cupwing","Pygmy Cupwing",null,null,"foothill to montane thick forest understory, mossy ravines, and dense fern growth, from Nepal and adjacent northern India eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward through Indochina to Sumatra, Java, Flores, and Timor",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716108","pywbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pywbab1","avibase-EBDB2EF8",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/239/mode/1up","[Pnoepyga] pusillus"],["22576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla pusilla","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Assam, northern Myanmar, southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08542518",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/239/mode/1up","[Pnoepyga] pusillus"],["22577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla annamensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.591-592",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Indochina (Langbian Plateau) and southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F4F1688",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/699/mode/1up","Pnoepyga pusilla annamensis"],["22578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla harterti","Robinson & Kloss, 1918","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8, pt.2 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A2A7026",null,null,"Gunong Ijau, Larut Range, Perak.","Results of an expedition to Korinchi Peak, Sumatra. Part II. Birds.",null,"Pnoepyga pusilla . . . harterti"],["22579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla lepida","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F82E538",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100°20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/233/mode/1up","Pnoepyga lepida"],["22580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla rufa","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC711123",null,null,"Mount Gedeh [lat. 6° 4r S., long. 106° 59' E.], Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/322/mode/1up","Pnoepyga rufa"],["22581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla everetti","Rothschild, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Flores (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2DD8787",null,null,"southern Flores, 3500 ft.","Description of a new Hill-Wren from Flores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/184/mode/1up","Pnoepyga everetti"],["22582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pnoepygidae","Cupwings","Pnoepyga pusilla timorensis","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F0736EA",null,null,"Mount Mutis, Timor, 2000 meters. February 22, 1932; Georg Stein coll. A.M.N.H. No. 308002","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Pnoepyga pusilla timorensis"],["22583","family","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundinidae",null,null,"Swallows","Swallows","Swallows and Martins",null,null,null,null,null,null,"hirund2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hirund2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22584","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pseudochelidon","Hartlaub, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pseudochelidon eurystomina [Hartlaub, 1861]; type by monotypy",null,"Ueber einige neue Vögel Westafrica's","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/25/mode/1up","Pseudochelidon"],["22585","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pseudochelidon eurystomina","Hartlaub, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.12","African River Martin","African River Martin","African River Martin","2025-1045","Taxon <em>sirintarae </em>is placed in the genus <em>Pseudochelidon </em>based on morphological similarities (Zusi 1978) and modest divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Sheldon et al. 2005). Sometimes placed in the monotypic genus <em>Eurochelidon </em>based on bill shape and size (Brooke 1972) but this is herein considered insufficient evidence for generic separation.","lowland forested rivers and coastal savanna from coastal Gabon and adjacent Republic of the Congo, and disjunctly along middle and upper Congo River and Ubangi River in northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo; migrates between the two breeding ranges, and dispersants reach southern Central African Republic and northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712036","afrmar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrmar2","avibase-F0C6A985",null,null,"Gaboon.","Ueber einige neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/26/mode/1up","Pseudochelidon eurystomina"],["22586","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pseudochelidon sirintarae","Thonglongya, 1968","Thai National Scientific Papers, Fauna Series no.1FALSE","White-eyed River Martin","White-eyed River Martin","White-eyed River Martin","2025-1045","Taxon <em>sirintarae </em>is placed in the genus <em>Pseudochelidon </em>based on morphological similarities (Zusi 1978) and modest divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Sheldon et al. 2005). Sometimes placed in the monotypic genus <em>Eurochelidon </em>based on bill shape and size (Brooke 1972) but this is herein considered insufficient evidence for generic separation.","formerly central Thailand; probably extinct, last recorded ca. 1980","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712042","wermar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wermar2","avibase-C1570ECC",null,null,"Bung (=Nong, =Lake), Boraphet, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Sawan Province, central Thailand (15 43'N, 100 14'E)","A new martin of the genus Pseudochelidon from Thailand (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae).",null,"Pseudochelidon sirintarae"],["22587","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psalidoprocne cypselina [Cabanis, 1851]; type by monotypy = Hirundo holomelas Sundevall, 1850  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/64/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne"],["22588","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne nitens","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.38","Square-tailed Saw-wing","Square-tailed Saw-wing",null,"2026-105","<em>Psalidoprocne centralis</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>P. nitens</em> based on a combination of plumage, genetics, and biogeography. Although plumage differences are restricted to changes in color and intensity of gloss (Fishpool 2023), mitochondrial DNA divergence (Barrow et al. 2016) is comparable to other recognised <em>Psalidoprocne</em> species and thus supports treatment of <em>P. centralis</em> as a species.","far southern Guinea eastward to southeastern Ghana, and western Cameroon eastward to northern Central African Republic, southward to far western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northwestern Angola",null,null,null,"sqtsaw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sqtsaw2","avibase-23691B30",null,null,"Muni River, Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/52/mode/1up","Atticora nitens"],["22589","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne centralis","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.144","Congo Saw-wing","Congo Saw-wing",null,"2026-105","<em>Psalidoprocne centralis</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>P. nitens</em> based on a combination of plumage, genetics, and biogeography. Although plumage differences are restricted to changes in color and intensity of gloss (Fishpool 2023), mitochondrial DNA divergence (Barrow et al. 2016) is comparable to other recognised <em>Psalidoprocne</em> species and thus supports treatment of <em>P. centralis</em> as a species.","central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo east and south of the Congo and Ubangi rivers eastward to Semliki Valley",null,null,null,"sqtsaw3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sqtsaw3","avibase-D6D715E5",null,null,"Kitima Station on the Ituri.","Neue afrikanische Vögel (Vorläufige Diagnosen).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/160/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne nitens centralis"],["22590","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne obscura","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.355","Fanti Saw-wing","Fanti Saw-wing","Fanti Saw-wing",null,null,"Senegambia to eastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Central African Republic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712562","fansaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fansaw1","avibase-8CA8B659",null,null,"Dabocrom, Gold Coast.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/367/mode/1up","Hirundo obscura"],["22591","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne fuliginosa","Shelley, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.123","Mountain Saw-wing","Mountain Saw-wing","Mountain Saw-wing",null,null,"mountains of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; Bioko",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712509","mousaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mousaw1","avibase-F9E192E8",null,null,"? Cameroon Mountain.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Cameroons Mountain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/185/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne fuliginosa"],["22592","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne albiceps","Sclater, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.108 pl.14","White-headed Saw-wing","White-headed Saw-wing","White-headed Saw-wing",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane open woodland, scrub and upland forest, of northern Angola, and from southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya, southward to northern Zambia and northern Malawi; southern populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712515","whhsaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhsaw1","avibase-88AAE3D3",null,null,"Uzinza, Tabora district, Tanganyika Territory.","On the Birds collected by Capt. J. H. Speke during the East-African Expedition ; with Notes by Capt. J. H. Speke'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/158/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne albiceps"],["22593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne albiceps albiceps","Sclater, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.108 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya southward to northern Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BC5FAD4",null,null,"Uzinza, Tabora district, Tanganyika Territory.","On the Birds collected by Capt. J. H. Speke during the East-African Expedition ; with Notes by Capt. J. H. Speke'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/158/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne albiceps"],["22594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne albiceps suffusa","Ripley, 1960","Postilla 43 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to far southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03CEC688",null,null,"fifteen km soutwest of Cacolo, Malange District, Angola","Two new birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/425/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne albiceps suffusa"],["22595","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.105 pl.39 fig.2","Black Saw-wing","Black Saw-wing","Black Saw-wing",null,null,"forest and clearings mostly in lowlands and hills from southeastern Nigeria eastward to southeastern Eritrea; in south through Angola and East Africa southward in eastern southern Africa to Cape region; some northward movement from far south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712540","blksaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blksaw1","avibase-4AC57370",null,null,"Simen Province, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/185/mode/1up","Hirundo (Chelidon) pristoptera"],["22596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera pristoptera","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.105 pl.39 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea to northern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E53EB81A",null,null,"Simen Province, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/185/mode/1up","Hirundo (Chelidon) pristoptera"],["22597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera blanfordi","Blundell & Lovat, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of west-central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29AD8A27",null,null,"Bilo, Ethiopia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/52/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne blanfordi"],["22598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera antinorii","Salvadori, 1884","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.21 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northeastern, southern, and east-central Ethiopia (southward to Lake Turkana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26B6EBCB",null,null,"Denz, Shoa, N.E. Africa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94438#page/129/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne antinorii"],["22599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera oleaginea","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D34E0167",null,null,"Schubba in west Kafa, Ethiopia.","Neue afrikanische Vögel (Vorläufige Diagnosen).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/160/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne orientalis oleaginea"],["22600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera mangbettorum","Chapin, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.56 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DD302AB",null,null,"Medje, Ituri district, Belgian Congo. 1","Notes on some birds of tropical Africa, with descriptions of three new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4610/","Psalidoprocne mangbettorum"],["22601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera chalybea","Reichenow, 1893","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.200 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon to Central African Republic, northwestern South Sudan, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14494C42",null,null,"Victoria, Cameroons.","[Neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/456/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne chalybea"],["22602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera petiti","Sharpe & Bouvier, 1876","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1 p.38 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon to Cabinda and lower Congo River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF36921A",null,null,"Landana and Chinchoxo.","Études d'ornithologie africaine. Catalogue d'une collection recueillie à Landana et Chinchonxo (Congo), par M. Louis Petit, pendant les mois de janvier, février, mars et avril 1876.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110342#page/48/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne Petiti"],["22603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera ruwenzori","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67B52259",null,null,"Kalongi, 6,900 feet, Butahu Valley, West Ruwenzori.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Psalidoprocne holomelaena ruwenzori"],["22604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera orientalis","Reichenow, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to northeastern Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2745AF6B",null,null,"Lewa, Dodoma District, Tanganyika.","Ueber eine Vogelsammlung aus Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/289/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne petiti orientalis"],["22605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera reichenowi","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Gabon to central Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47EC9C20",null,null,"Chinchoxo.","Neue afrikanische Vögel (Vorläufige Diagnosen).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/160/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne orientalis reichenowi"],["22606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera massaica","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western and central Kenya to Uluguru and Usambara mountains (Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD42B25F",null,null,"Kikuyu.","Neue afrikanische Vögel (Vorläufige Diagnosen).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/160/mode/1up","Psalidoprocne holomelaena massaica"],["22607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Psalidoprocne pristoptera holomelas","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique southward through eastern South Africa to the Cape region; some northward migration",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68AEDCC8",null,null,"Port Natal = Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/118/mode/1up","Hirundo holomelas"],["22608","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cheramoeca","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo leucosternus [Gould, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/65/mode/1up","Cheramoeca"],["22609","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cheramoeca leucosterna","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.95 p.172","White-backed Swallow","White-backed Swallow","White-backed Swallow",null,null,"Australian mainland (except the tropics and the wetter eastern and southern coasts)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712165","whbswa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbswa3","avibase-46F6FA51",null,null,"Naomi River, New South Wales.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/898/mode/1up","Hirundo leucosternus"],["22610","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pseudhirundo","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.223.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo griseopyga [Sundevall, 1850]; type by original designation",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/305/mode/1up","Pseudhirundo"],["22611","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pseudhirundo griseopyga","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.107","Grey-rumped Swallow","Gray-rumped Swallow","Grey-rumped Swallow",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane open country, often near water, from Senegambia eastward through Mali and Central African Republic to Ethiopia, thence southward to Angola and eastern South Africa; some populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712209","gyrswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyrswa1","avibase-97E7A30B",null,null,"Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/117/mode/1up","Hirundo griseopyga"],["22612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pseudhirundo griseopyga melbina","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.310-311",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia and Guinea-Bissau to Gabon and lower Congo River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8592F092",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/332/mode/1up","Atticora melbina"],["22613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pseudhirundo griseopyga griseopyga","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia and Sudan to Kenya, Uganda, Cameroon, and northern Southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9231EAB4",null,null,"Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/117/mode/1up","Hirundo griseopyga"],["22614","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Phedina","Bonaparte, 1857","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.977",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo borbonica [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/987/mode/1up","Phedina"],["22615","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Phedina borbonica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1017","Mascarene Martin","Mascarene Martin","Mascarene Martin",null,null,"Madagascar and western and central Mascarenes; winters to eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712198","masmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masmar1","avibase-6C7BEEC6",null,null,"Bourbon = Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/518/mode/1up","Hirundo borbonica"],["22616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Phedina borbonica madagascariensis","Hartlaub, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar and Pemba Island; wanders to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D2DB598",null,null,"Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/95/mode/1up","Phedina madagascariensis"],["22617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Phedina borbonica borbonica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1017",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritius and Réunion (western Mascarene Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC8FC923",null,null,"Bourbon = Mauritius.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/518/mode/1up","Hirundo borbonica"],["22618","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Phedinopsis","Wolters, 1971","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 22 p.215",null,null,null,"2025-1024","Taxon <em>brazzae </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Phedinopsis </em>based on differences in ecology, behavior, and vocalizations (e.g., Mills &amp; Cohen 2007), and genetics. Formerly placed in <em>Phedina</em>, both mitochondrial DNA (Sheldon et al. 2005) and genomic data (Brown 2019) recovered <em>brazzae </em>as a deeply diverged lineage.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phedinopsis brazzae [Oustalet, 1886.]; Type by original designation and monotypy = Phedinopsis brazzae Oustalet, 1886.",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156068#page/549/mode/1up","Phedinopsis"],["22619","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Phedinopsis brazzae","(Oustalet, 1886)","Le Naturaliste 8 p.300","Brazza's Martin","Brazza's Martin","Brazza's Martin","2025-1024","Taxon <em>brazzae </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Phedinopsis </em>based on differences in ecology, behavior, and vocalizations (e.g., Mills &amp; Cohen 2007), and genetics. Formerly placed in <em>Phedina</em>, both mitochondrial DNA (Sheldon et al. 2005) and genomic data (Brown 2019) recovered <em>brazzae </em>as a deeply diverged lineage.","lowland to foothill forested rivers from central Republic of the Congo eastward to central and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo and western and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712202","bramar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bramar1","avibase-118ACEB7",null,null,"Ganciu; i. e. Nganchu, middle Congo River.","Notice sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux du Congo rapportés par les naturalistes attachés à la mission de M. le comte de Brazza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105819#page/315/mode/1up","Phedina Brazzae"],["22620","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Neophedina","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.224.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo cincta [Boddaert, 1783]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/306/mode/1up","Neophedina"],["22621","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Neophedina cincta","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45","Banded Martin","Banded Martin","Banded Martin",null,null,"lowland to montane grassland, savanna, and reedy lakes and marshes, from southern Gabon and northern Angola eastward to southern South Sudan and Ethiopia, southward to northern Namibia, Zimbabwe, and southern South Africa; southern and highland populations migrate to Central and West Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712194","banmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banmar1","avibase-1AED683B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 723, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Hirundo Cincta"],["22622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Neophedina cincta erlangeri","(Reichenow, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.4 p.673",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and Sudan (upper White Nile River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5831BA0",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna Nodostafrikas. IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/771/mode/1up","Riparia cincta erlangeri"],["22623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Neophedina cincta suahelica","(Van Someren, 1922)","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, western Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and western Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C230F7C",null,null,"Escarpment, Kenya Colony.","Notes on the birds of East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/106/mode/1up","Riparia cincta suahelica"],["22624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Neophedina cincta parvula","(Amadon, 1954)","American Museum Novitates no.1656 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia; winters to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08B088F4",null,null,"Luluabourg, Kasai, Belgian Congo.","Three new subspecies of birds from Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4918/","Riparia cincta parvula"],["22625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Neophedina cincta xerica","(Clancey & Irwin, 1966)","Durban Museum Novitates 8, no.3 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Kalahari of northern Botswana and Namibia to Angola and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45CDF627",null,null,"Calai, Cuangar, O kavango R ., Bie-Cuando Cubango, Angola. 1 August, 1964. Collected b y A . A. da Rosa Pinto.","The South African races of the Banded Sand Martin Riparia cincta (Boddaert).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1745","Riparia cincta xerica"],["22626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Neophedina cincta cincta","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and KwaZulu-Natal to Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2068E00A",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 723, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Hirundo Cincta"],["22627","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia","Forster, 1817","A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.17",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Riparia europaea [T. Forster, 1817]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Hirundo riparia Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47775#page/29/mode/1up","Riparia"],["22628","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia congica","(Reichenow, 1888)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.179 p.300","Congo Martin","Congo Martin","Congo Sand Martin",null,null,"lowland to foothill large rivers along Congo River and lower Ubangi River in Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712189","conmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/conmar1","avibase-635B5E24",null,null,"Manyanga, between Vivi and Stanley Pool, lower Congo.","Ueber eine Vogelsammlung aus dem Kongo-Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/312/mode/1up","Cotile congica"],["22629","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia riparia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192","Sand Martin","Bank Swallow","Collared Sand Martin",null,null,"open areas along rivers, coastline, reservoirs, cliffs and banks, breeding across most of Europe eastward through Russia and Central Asia to Kamchatka, northern Japan, and eastern China, also in the Middle East, the Nile River in Egypt, and the Persian Gulf, and Alaska and northwestern Canada eastward to eastern Canada and southward to the Great Plains in central US, also breeds in southernmost Texas and adjacent Mexico; winters in Africa south of the Sahara, in eastern Africa southward to South Africa, southeastern Asia south to the Philippines, southern Malayan Peninsula and Borneo, and most of non-forested South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815961","banswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banswa","avibase-94A1C447",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo riparia"],["22630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia riparia riparia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"Holarctic; breeds Europe eastward through Russia, Türkiye, Syria to Siberia and central Asia, and North America from Alaska to eastern Canada southward broadly to northern USA, and patchily to southern USA and northeastern Mexico; winters primarily in Africa and South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28AA9FB7",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo riparia"],["22631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia riparia taczanowskii","Stegmann, 1925","Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Siberia and central Mongolia to eastern Siberia; winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67B64C39",null,null,"Sidemi, Ussuri.","Zur geographischen Verbreitung der palaearktischen Formen von Riparia riparia L..",null,"Riparia riparia taczanowskii"],["22632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia riparia ijimae","(Lönnberg, 1908)","Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan 23, art. 14 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin Island, Kuril Islands, and Japan; winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9050A6EF",null,null,"Tretiya Padj, Sakhalin.","Contributions to the ornis of Saghalin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31383#page/596/mode/1up","Clivicola riparia ijimae"],["22633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia riparia shelleyi","(Sharpe, 1885)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.100-101",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Egypt; winters to Sudan and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01202C5C",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/118/mode/1up","Cotile shelleyi"],["22634","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia diluta","(Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893)","A monograph of the Hirundinidæ or family of swallows 1 p.[41],[63]","Pale Martin","Pale Martin","Pale Sand Martin",null,null,"lowland to montane open country, often near water, reedbeds, or arid steppe, from southern Kazakhstan eastward to southern Siberia and northeastern China, and southward to Pakistan, Tibetan Plateau, and eastern China; migrates southward to northern India and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736052","pasmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pasmar1","avibase-A9A9E1D1",null,null,"Badan River near the Fortress of Chimkent.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105243#page/157/mode/1up","Cotile diluta"],["22635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia diluta diluta","(Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893)","A monograph of the Hirundinidæ or family of swallows 1 p.[41],[63]",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Kazakhstan southward to Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, eastward through Siberia to the Lena River and northeastern China; winters in South Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FAF580F",null,null,"Badan River near the Fortress of Chimkent.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105243#page/157/mode/1up","Cotile diluta"],["22636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia diluta indica","Ticehurst, 1916","Ibis ser.10, vol.4, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2C0A3E8",null,null,"Jhelum, Punjab.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54801#page/122/mode/1up","Riparia riparia indica"],["22637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia diluta tibetana","Stegmann, 1925","Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences de l'Union des Républiques Soviétiques Socialistes p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Tibet-Qinghai plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8C3411B",null,null,"Dza-chu, Tsaidan, Koko Nor, Oring Nor and upper Chuan-che; restricted to the Dza-chu, Kham region, Sikang.",null,null,"Riparia riparia tibetana"],["22638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia diluta fohkienensis","(La Touche, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E70C9CF",null,null,"Fukien; cotypes from Shaowufu, and Foochow",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/389/mode/1up","Cotile fokienensis"],["22639","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia chinensis","(Gray, 1830)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.2 pl.35, fig. 3","Grey-throated Martin","Gray-throated Martin","Asian Plain Martin",null,null,"lowland to submontane open habitats, especially along rivers, lakes, and estuaries, from northeastern Afghanistan and Pakistan eastward to south-central China, and Taiwan, and southward to western Thailand, Indochina, and northern Philippines; some western populations migrate to India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815539","gytmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytmar1","avibase-D0222DB9",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/83/mode/1up","Hirundo chinensis"],["22640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia chinensis chinensis","(Gray, 1830)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1, no.2 pl.35, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Afghanistan and Pakistan to northern India, Myanmar, and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AB948CD",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/172892#page/83/mode/1up","Hirundo chinensis"],["22641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia chinensis tantilla","Riley, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48, no.29 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and [?] Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDBC9E4C",null,null,"Laoag River, below Padsan, Ilocos Norte, Luzon, Philippine Islands.","Three new forms of Birds from the Philippine Islands and Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/175/mode/1up","Riparia chinensis tantilla"],["22642","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia cowani","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.322","Madagascar Martin","Madagascar Martin","Madagascar Plain Martin","2025-0993","Taxon <em>cowani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Riparia paludicola</em> based on a relatively deep genomic DNA divergence (Brown 2019), supported by plumage and vocalizations. However, a comprehensive review of morphological, vocal, and genetic variation across the <em>R. paludicola</em> complex would be informative.","Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815494","plamar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plamar3","avibase-D9F712D6",null,null,"Ankafana Forest, Betsileo, Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/336/mode/1up","Cotile Cowani"],["22643","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia paludicola","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.511","Brown-throated Martin","Plain Martin","African Plain Martin","2025-0993","Taxon <em>cowani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Riparia paludicola</em> based on a relatively deep genomic DNA divergence (Brown 2019), supported by plumage and vocalizations. However, a comprehensive review of morphological, vocal, and genetic variation across the <em>R. paludicola</em> complex would be informative.","patchy in lowland to montane grasslands, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and cultivation, of western Morocco, and from Senegambia eastward to Sudan (Nile River) and Ethiopia, thence southward to northwestern Angola and southern South Africa; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815402","plamar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plamar1","avibase-D2854489",null,null,"South Africa, ex Levaillant, Ois, d'Afr. pl. 246, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/533/mode/1up","Hirundo paludicola"],["22644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia paludicola mauritanica","(Meade-Waldo, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western Morocco (Oued Oum R'bia and Oued Sous)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-040EF483",null,null,"Wad Moorbei [= Oued Oum R'bia], Rehamra, Morocco.","On three new species of birds from Marocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/283/mode/1up","Cotile mauritanica"],["22645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia paludicola minor","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Sudan and northeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68DDDE70",null,null,"North-East Africa = Dongola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/65/mode/1up","Cotyle minor"],["22646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia paludicola schoensis","Reichenow, 1920","Journal für Ornithologie 68, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BADD0B9",null,null,"Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","[New forms of Riparia, Hirundo, Pachysylvia, Thinocorus described].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43506#page/98/mode/1up","Riparia minor schoensis"],["22647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia paludicola newtoni","Bannerman, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon (Bamenda highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78CFBF30",null,null,"Bambulue, 4,800 feet, near Bamenda, British Cameroons.","Description of a new race of the South African Sand-Martin from the Cameroon highlands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/67/mode/1up","Riparia paludicola newtoni"],["22648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia paludicola ducis","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) to Uganda, Kenya, and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42B95FF6",null,null,"western Ruanda.","Von der Reise des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/97/mode/1up","Riparia ducis"],["22649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Riparia paludicola paludicola","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.511",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Zambia, southern Tanzania, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D00AE01B",null,null,"South Africa, ex Levaillant, Ois, d'Afr. pl. 246, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/533/mode/1up","Hirundo paludicola"],["22650","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo thalassina [Swainson, 1827]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/64/mode/1up","Tachycineta"],["22651","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta bicolor","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.61 pl.31","Tree Swallow","Tree Swallow","Tree Swallow",null,null,"breeds Alaska to southern USA; winters to northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712057","treswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/treswa","avibase-BBA2F9DF",null,null,"center of the United States = New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/155/mode/1up","Hirundo bicolor"],["22652","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta thalassina","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.366","Violet-green Swallow","Violet-green Swallow","Violet-green Swallow",null,null,"breeds open deciduous to mixed coniferous forest, woodland with rock crevices and banks, and wooded neighborhoods, from north-central Alaska eastward to southwestern Alberta (south-central Canada) and western North Dakota (north-central USA), southward to southern Baja California, and central Mexico to the volcanic belt; winters near the coast in southwestern USA and most of Mexico southward to Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712077","vigswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vigswa","avibase-75DC49AD",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/382/mode/1up","Hirundo thalassinus"],["22653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta thalassina thalassina","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska and Canada to central Baja California and southern Mexico; winters to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B1717E0",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/382/mode/1up","Hirundo thalassinus"],["22654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera","Brewster, 1902","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 41, no.1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southern Baja California, and coastal western Mexico (Sonora to Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AEC3FA0",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.","Birds of the Cape region of Lower California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21826#page/179/mode/1up","Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera"],["22655","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta cyaneoviridis","(Bryant, 1859)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7 p.111","Bahama Swallow","Bahama Swallow","Bahama Swallow",null,null,"pine forest of northern Bahamas; winters in Bahamas and eastern Cuba",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712080","bahswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahswa","avibase-EB65944A",null,null,"Nassau, New Providence, Bahama Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36472#page/119/mode/1up","Hirundo cyaneoviridis"],["22656","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta euchrysea","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.68","Golden Swallow","Golden Swallow","Golden Swallow",null,null,"mountains of Hispaniola and (formerly) Jamaica (where likely extinct)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712086","golswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golswa1","avibase-21BA7041",null,null,"higher mountains in the center of Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/86/mode/1up","Hirundo euchrysea"],["22657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta euchrysea euchrysea","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Jamaica (formerly)","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-1565C091",null,null,"higher mountains in the center of Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/86/mode/1up","Hirundo euchrysea"],["22658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta euchrysea sclateri","(Cory, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26B5E2BE",null,null,"Santo Domingo.","Descriptions of several new birds from Santo Domingo.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss1/1/","Hirundo sclateri"],["22659","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta leucorrhoa","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.519","White-rumped Swallow","White-rumped Swallow","White-rumped Swallow",null,null,"Bolivia to Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, and northern Argentina; winters to southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712068","whrswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrswa1","avibase-B9861E4A",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/541/mode/1up","Hirundo leucorrhoa"],["22660","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta leucopyga","(Meyen, 1834)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.73, pl. X, fig. 2","Chilean Swallow","Chilean Swallow","Chilean Swallow","2025-N064","<em>Hirundo leucopyga</em> Meyen, 1834 is the oldest available name for Chilean Swallow, and should therefore be used (now in the new combination <em>Tachycineta leucopyga</em>). Assertions that it is a junior synonym of <em>Hirundo leucopyga</em> Lichtenstein are mistaken, as the latter name has never officially been published beyond its use on museum labels, and is therefore a <em>nomen nudum</em>. Additional assertions that it is junior to <em>Hirundo leucopyga</em> Pallas, 1811 have been invalidated by Mlíkovský &amp; Frahnert (2009). The latter authors showed that Pallas (1811), whose work was entirely in Latin, did not describe <em>Hirundo leucopyga</em> as a new species of swift, but that he merely used the word \"<em>leucopyga</em>\" to talk about a variety of \"white-rumped\" swift that he explicitly refused to recognize at the species level.","breeds southern Chile and Argentina; winters north to Bolivia and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712071","chiswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiswa1","avibase-BCDA59AF",null,null,"Santiago de Chile.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false","Hirundo leucopyga"],["22661","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta stolzmanni","(Philippi, 1902)","Anales del Museo Nacional de Chile 15 p.23,text","Tumbes Swallow","Tumbes Swallow","Tumbes Swallow",null,null,"coastal northwestern Peru (Tumbes to La Libertad) and adjacent southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733311","tumswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tumswa1","avibase-3ADA18E5",null,null,"Chepen, [Department of Libertad], Peru.","Figuras i Descripciones de Aves Chilenas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50294#page/39/mode/1up","Hirundo Stolzmanni"],["22662","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta albiventer","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.32","White-winged Swallow","White-winged Swallow","White-winged Swallow",null,null,"Trinidad, the Guianas, and Venezuela to southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712065","whwswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwswa1","avibase-9FC801AF",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 546, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/54/mode/1up","Hirundo albiventer"],["22663","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Tachycineta albilinea","(Lawrence, 1863)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.2","Mangrove Swallow","Mangrove Swallow","Mangrove Swallow",null,null,"lowlands of northern Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733821","manswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manswa1","avibase-DBF8F78C",null,null,"New Grenada = line of Panama R.R.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/22/mode/1up","Petrochelidon albilinea"],["22664","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.971",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo purpurea [Linnaeus]; type by monotypy = Hirundo subis Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/534/mode/1up","Progne"],["22665","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne tapera","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.345","Brown-chested Martin","Brown-chested Martin","Brown-chested Martin",null,null,"disjunctly in open habitats near water in dry to humid areas from northern Colombia and northern Venezuela, southward in northern South America from eastern Ecuador and far northeastern Peru eastward to far northeastern Brazil (Amapá), the Pacific lowlands of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, and Bolivia to east-central Brazil, mostly south of Amazonia, southward to central Argentina (Río Negro); populations breeding from eastern Bolivia and southern Brazil southward to Argentina winter northward across the Amazon basin and the Andes to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712092","brcmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcmar1","avibase-9BC43968",null,null,"America ; restricted to eastern Brazil by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 14, and Pernambuco by Pinto, 1940, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 1, p. 270.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/349/mode/1up","Hirundo Tapera"],["22666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne tapera tapera","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to Bolivia, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-292CCC6E",null,null,"America ; restricted to eastern Brazil by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 14, and Pernambuco by Pinto, 1940, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 1, p. 270.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/349/mode/1up","Hirundo Tapera"],["22667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne tapera fusca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.510",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Bolivia and central Brazil southward to central Argentina (La Pampa and Buenos Aires) and Uruguay; winters northward to Panama and northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C1F6A5B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/532/mode/1up","Hirundo fusca"],["22668","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne modesta","Gould, 1838","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 p.39 pl.5","Galapagos Martin","Galapagos Martin","Galapagos Martin",null,null,"Galapagos",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731986","galmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galmar1","avibase-13169BC5",null,null,"James Island, Galapagos Group",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/71/mode/1up","Progne Modesta"],["22669","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne murphyi","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.6","Peruvian Martin","Peruvian Martin","Peruvian Martin",null,null,"coastal Peru (Piura southward to Ica), rarely to northern Chile (Arica)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731728","permar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/permar1","avibase-D6494239",null,null,"cliffs near Talara, coast of northwestern Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Progne murphyi"],["22670","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne subis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192","Purple Martin","Purple Martin","Purple Martin",null,null,"breeds in flooded woodland, riparian woodland, forest borders, and urban areas, disjunctly from Alberta eastward to New Brunswick (south-central to southeastern Canada), southward along Pacific coast from far southwestern British Columbia to southern California, northern Sonora, and southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), locally in interior southwestern USA to montane central Mexico, and in eastern USA to far northeastern Mexico, Gulf coast, and southern Florida; winters primarily in Amazonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712098","purmar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purmar","avibase-ACB9D1C6",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo subis"],["22671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne subis subis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Canada to highlands of central Mexico; winters to Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A913D85",null,null,"Hudson Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo subis"],["22672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne subis hesperia","Brewster, 1889","The Auk 6, no.2 p.92-93",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Arizona to northwestern Mexico (Sonora), southern Baja California, including Isla Tiburón (Gulf of California); probably winters in South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E449491",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from western North America and Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss2/1/","Progne subis hesperia"],["22673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne subis arboricola","Behle, 1968","The Condor 70, no.2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of western North America; some winter to northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4C20F68",null,null,"is ostiis fluviorum brasiliae [=It is at the mouths of the rivers of Brazil.]","A new race of the purple martin from Utah.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol70/iss2/6/","Progne subis arboricola"],["22674","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne elegans","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.275, footnote 1, 274 (in key)","Southern Martin","Southern Martin","Southern Martin",null,null,"breeds Bolivia to Uruguay and Argentina; winters to north to Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731723","soumar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soumar","avibase-AF527712",null,null,"Río Bermejo, Argentina",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/287/mode/1up","Progne elegans"],["22675","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne dominicensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1025","Caribbean Martin","Caribbean Martin","Caribbean Martin",null,null,"West Indies (except Cuba and Isla de la Juventud); Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712104","carmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carmar1","avibase-EF170D7E",null,null,"Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/526/mode/1up","Hirundo dominicensis"],["22676","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne cryptoleuca","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.277, 273 (in key)","Cuban Martin","Cuban Martin","Cuban Martin",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712101","cubmar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubmar","avibase-F8039EE7",null,null,"Cuba and Florida Keys?; type from Remedios, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/289/mode/1up","Progne cryptoleuca"],["22677","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne sinaloae","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.59","Sinaloa Martin","Sinaloa Martin","Sinaloa Martin",null,null,"breeds Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico; winter range unknown",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712107","sinmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinmar1","avibase-0C028E2E",null,null,"Plomosas, Sinaloa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/81/mode/1up","Progne sinaloae"],["22678","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne chalybea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1026","Grey-breasted Martin","Gray-breasted Martin","Grey-breasted Martin",null,null,"open habitats mostly near water in dry to humid areas from the Pacific and Gulf slopes (northwestern and northeastern Mexico) southward west of the Andes to northwestern Peru, and east of the Andes through most of South America (including Isla Margarita and Trinidad) to central Argentina (Buenos Aires); population from Argentina and far southern Brazil migrates northward to northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712110","gybmar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybmar","avibase-ECA64B18",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/527/mode/1up","Hirundo chalybea"],["22679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne chalybea chalybea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1026",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas) to northern Argentina and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40B6EEB0",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/527/mode/1up","Hirundo chalybea"],["22680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne chalybea warneri","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (Sinaloa to Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEE2DFFD",null,null,"Motin del Oro, NW Colola, S Michoacan, Mexico",null,null,"Progne chalybea warneri"],["22681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Progne chalybea macrorhamphus","Brooke, 1974","Durban Museum Novitates 10 pt9 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia and eastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A77F628E",null,null,"Paraguay","Nomenclatural notes on and the type-localities of some taxa in the Apododae and Hirundinidae (Aves).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2068","Progne chalybea macrorhamphus"],["22682","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xxxiv,312",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo serripennis [Audubon, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Stelgidopteryx"],["22683","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx ruficollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.523","Southern Rough-winged Swallow","Southern Rough-winged Swallow","Southern Rough-winged Swallow",null,null,"open areas often near water in lowlands and hills of southeastern Honduras through northern Argentina and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712162","srwswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/srwswa1","avibase-EE5B7812",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/545/mode/1up","Hirundo ruficollis"],["22684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor","Griscom, 1929","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 11 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2033BD8C",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí, Pacific slope of Panama.","Notes on the Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.)) and its allies.",null,"Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor"],["22685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis","(Lawrence, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of Honduras and Nicaragua to northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EF5FA9F",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama = near Lion Hill fide Zimmer, 1955.","Descriptions of eight New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/207/mode/1up","Cotyle uropygialis"],["22686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis","Bangs, 1901","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to eastern and southern Venezuela, and Trinidad and (rare) Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F54FDF32",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","Notes on the American Rough-winged Swallows, with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/94/mode/1up","Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis"],["22687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ruficollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.523",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to the Guianas, Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46A2F735",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/545/mode/1up","Hirundo ruficollis"],["22688","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx serripennis","(Audubon, 1838)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 4 p.593","Northern Rough-winged Swallow","Northern Rough-winged Swallow",null,"2025-1040","Taxon <em>ridgwayi </em>(polytypic, including <em>stuarti</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Stelgidopteryx serripennis</em> based on available evidence. Divergence in plumage, mitochondrial DNA (Babin 2005) and genomic data (Brown 2019) is modest, apparent vocal differences (Boesman 2016g) have not been quantitatively analyzed, and evidence for sympatry is equivocal. Further research will be needed to determine if species status is warranted.","breeds in open areas, often near water and rocky outcrops, gorges, and embankments, from southeastern Alaska and western British Columbia eastward to southern New Brunswick (southwestern to southeastern Canada) and southward to northern Baja California, Pacific and Atlantic slopes of Mexico, southern Mexico (including Yucatan Peninsula) to central Costa Rica, Gulf coast, and southern Florida; populations from Canada and USA winter in the Greater Antilles more widely and Mexico to central Panama",null,null,null,"nrwswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nrwswa","avibase-2C1981BB",null,null,"Charleston, South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103783#page/625/mode/1up","Hirundo serripennis"],["22689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx serripennis serripennis","(Audubon, 1838)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 4 p.593",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern Alaska eastward to southern Quebec, southward to central California and Florida; winters from Mexico and Florida southward to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-275FB21B",null,null,"Charleston, South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103783#page/625/mode/1up","Hirundo serripennis"],["22690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx serripennis psammochroa","Griscom, 1929","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 11 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southwestern USA (southern California eastward to southeastern Texas) and northern Baja California southward to southwestern Mexico and perhaps El Salvador; winters from southernmost USA southward to Panama, although southernmost breeding populations possibly resident",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBC09E33",null,null,"near Oposura, Sonora.","Notes on the Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.)) and its allies.",null,"Stelgidopteryx ruficollis psammochrous"],["22691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx serripennis fulvipennis","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula), northward to central Veracruz, and southward to central Costa Rica; mainly resident, but some migrate southward to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46C0700D",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz.","On a Series of Birds collected in the vicinity of Jalapa, in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/456/mode/1up","Cotyle fulvipennis"],["22692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx serripennis ridgwayi","Nelson, 1901","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in the northern Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico in northern Campeche, Yucatán, and central Quintana Roo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAED17E2",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/192/mode/1up","Stelgidopteryx ridgwayi"],["22693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx serripennis stuarti","Brodkorb, 1942","The Condor 44, no.5 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in southern Mexico (southern Veracruz, northern Oaxaca, and Chiapas), northern Guatemala, and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A7506A6",null,null,"Finca Panzamala, Alta Verapaz, Guatamala.","Notes on some races of the Rough-winged Swallow.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol44/iss5/4/","Stelgidopteryx ruficollis stuarti"],["22694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Stelgidopteryx serripennis burleighi","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in the southern Yucatan Peninsula (northern Guatemala and Belize)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A7172EA",null,null,"Gallon Jug, Orange Walk District, Belize",null,null,"Stelgidopteryx serripennis burleighi"],["22695","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atticora","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 2 (pt.9) pl.12, with texzt",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo fasciata [auctorum]; type by original designation = Hirundo fasciata J.F. Gmelin, 1789",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187062#page/57/mode/1up","Atticora"],["22696","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atticora fasciata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1022","White-banded Swallow","White-banded Swallow","White-banded Swallow",null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas, southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712137","whbswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbswa2","avibase-DA652FA1",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/523/mode/1up","Hirundo fasciata"],["22697","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atticora pileata","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.369 p.355","Black-capped Swallow","Black-capped Swallow","Black-capped Swallow",null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712134","blcswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcswa1","avibase-11D863E7",null,null,"Guatemala.","Descriptions of Two New Species of the Family Hirundinidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/443/mode/1up","Atticora pileata"],["22698","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atticora tibialis","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.370","White-thighed Swallow","White-thighed Swallow","White-thighed Swallow",null,null,"disjunctly in clearings near humid lowland to foothill forest from eastern Panama eastward to the Guiana Shield of southeastern Venezuela, northern Brazil (Roraima), and French Guiana, west of the Andes southward to west-central Ecuador, in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to southeastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (Acre), locally in central and eastern Amazonian Brazil (eastern Amazonas eastward to Tocantins), and the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712143","whtswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtswa1","avibase-40A08189",null,null,"'probably South America'; Hellmayr, 1935, suggests vicinity of Rio de Janeiro as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/392/mode/1up","Petrochelidon(?) tibialis"],["22699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atticora tibialis minima","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46FEEFEF",null,null,"Juntas de Tanana, Río San Juan [Chocó], Colombia.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Neochelidon tibialis minimus"],["22700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atticora tibialis griseiventris","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to southeastern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55C3F745",null,null,"Candamo [Puno], Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Neochelidon griseiventris"],["22701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atticora tibialis tibialis","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86146A04",null,null,"'probably South America'; Hellmayr, 1935, suggests vicinity of Rio de Janeiro as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/392/mode/1up","Petrochelidon(?) tibialis"],["22702","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pygochelidon","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.308, 270 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo cyanoleuca [Vieillot, 1817]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/320/mode/1up","Pygochelidon"],["22703","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pygochelidon melanoleuca","(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 1 p.342 (or p.345), note","Black-collared Swallow","Black-collared Swallow","Black-collared Swallow",null,null,"rapids on rivers of the Guianas, southern Venezuela, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712140","blcswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcswa2","avibase-EC8951D5",null,null,"Rio Grande do Belmonte, Baia [=Bahia, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/360/mode/1up","Hirundo melanoleuca"],["22704","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pygochelidon cyanoleuca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.509","Blue-and-white Swallow","Blue-and-white Swallow","Blue-and-white Swallow",null,null,"open habitat from montane northwestern Costa Rica eastward to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, coastal mountains of Venezuela, tepui region of southeastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and northern Brazil (Roraima), southward in Andes to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina, in interior and eastern Brazil southward to northeastern Argentina and Uruguay, coastal Peru (La Libertad to Arequipa), and central and southern Chile and Argentina; the southern population winters from Uruguay and northern Argentina northward to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712122","bawswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawswa1","avibase-DFFD116E",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/531/mode/1up","Hirundo cyanoleuca"],["22705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pygochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica to Venezuela, Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25A54189",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/531/mode/1up","Hirundo cyanoleuca"],["22706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pygochelidon cyanoleuca peruviana","Chapman, 1922","American Museum Novitates no.30 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Peru (La Libertad to Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D39091C6",null,null,"Huaral, Lima, Peru.","The distribution of the swallows of the genus Pygochelidon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4588/","Pygochelidon patagonica peruviana"],["22707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Pygochelidon cyanoleuca patagonica","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; winters northward to Panama and northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0199E07",null,null,"Patagonia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/185/mode/1up","Hirundo patagonica"],["22708","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Alopochelidon","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo fucata [Temminck, 1822]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19609#page/124/mode/1up","Alopochelidon"],["22709","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Alopochelidon fucata","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.27, vol.4 pl.161 fig.1","Tawny-headed Swallow","Tawny-headed Swallow","Tawny-headed Swallow",null,null,"Venezuela and northern Brazil; Brazil south of the Amazon River to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712146","tahswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tahswa2","avibase-355CAC4F",null,null,"Brazil ; vicinity of the City of São Paulo suggested as type locality by Pinto, 1944, Aves do Brasil, pt. 2, p. 316.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/339/mode/1up","Hirundo fucata"],["22710","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.106.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Petrochelidon murina [Cassin, 1853]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19609#page/124/mode/1up","Orochelidon"],["22711","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon flavipes","(Chapman, 1922)","American Museum Novitates no.30 p.8","Pale-footed Swallow","Pale-footed Swallow","Pale-footed Swallow",null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712131","pafswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pafswa1","avibase-863A0FD8",null,null,"Maraynioc, 10,850 feet, Junín, Peru.","The distribution of the swallows of the genus Pygochelidon.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4588/","Pygochelidon flavipes"],["22712","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon andecola","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.69","Andean Swallow","Andean Swallow","Andean Swallow",null,null,"open highlands in the Andes from south-central Peru (Ancash) southward to western Bolivia, far northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina (southward to Catamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712419","andswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andswa2","avibase-0760A6D2",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/185/mode/1up","Hirundo andecola"],["22713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon andecola oroyae","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"puna of central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54CBF016",null,null,"Oroya, 12,500 feet, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Petrochelidon andecola oroyae"],["22714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon andecola andecola","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco, Puno, and Arequipa) to northern Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina (to Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D76CB865",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/185/mode/1up","Hirundo andecola"],["22715","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon murina","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.370","Brown-bellied Swallow","Brown-bellied Swallow","Brown-bellied Swallow",null,null,"open highlands in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712119","brbswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbswa1","avibase-61CC48FF",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/392/mode/1up","Petrochelidon murina"],["22716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon murina meridensis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1338 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-017ACD45",null,null,"Llano Rucio, 2,500 meters, Mérida, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5153/","Orochelidon murina meridensis"],["22717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon murina murina","(Cassin, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to southern Peru (Arequipa and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21870A49",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/392/mode/1up","Petrochelidon murina"],["22718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Orochelidon murina cyanodorsalis","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"cordillera of western Bolivia and possibly adjacent Peru (Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF2382AC",null,null,"Hichuloma, 10,700 feet, Yungas R. R., La Paz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064218","Orochelidon murina cyanodorsalis"],["22719","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxxvii, fig. [6]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo rupestris [Scopoli, 1769]; type by subsequent monotypy (Parzudaki, 1857, Cat. Ois. Europe (1856), p. 8).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/201/mode/1up","Ptyonoprogne"],["22720","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne fuligula","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.18","Large Rock Martin","Southern Crag-Martin","Large Rock Martin","2025-1041","Three polytypic species are recognized in the <em>Ptyonoprogne fuligula</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, size, vocalizations, and genetics (Brown 2019): <em>P. fuligula</em> (including <em>anderssoni </em>and <em>pretoriae</em>); <em>P. rufigula</em> (including <em>bansoensis </em>and <em>pusilla</em>); and <em>P. obsoleta</em> (all remaining subspecies). Further research to assess gene flow in areas of contact would be informative.","lowland to montane crags, cliffs, coasts, deserts, towns and cities, from western Angola eastward to Zimbabwe, thence southward to southern Mozambique and South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104005679","rocmar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocmar5","avibase-21E0ADE5",null,null,"Kaffirland, = Grahamstown, Cape Province, by designation of Roberts, 1922.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92528#page/20/mode/1up","Hirundo fuligula"],["22721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne fuligula pretoriae","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84500834",null,null,"? Pretoria, Transvaal [South Africa]","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/306/mode/1up","Ptyonoprogne fuligula pretoriae"],["22722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne fuligula anderssoni","(Sharpe & Wyatt, 1887)","A monograph of the Hirundinidæ or family of swallows 1 p.[119]",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and southwestern Angola and northern and central Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBCD2321",null,null,"Damaraland; type from Daviep.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105243#page/229/mode/1up","Cotile anderssoni"],["22723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne fuligula fuligula","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia, Botswana, and western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68C4EB76",null,null,"Kaffirland, = Grahamstown, Cape Province, by designation of Roberts, 1922.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92528#page/20/mode/1up","Hirundo fuligula"],["22724","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne concolor","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.83","Dusky Crag Martin","Dusky Crag-Martin","Dusky Crag Martin",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane cliffs, gorges, and towns and cities, in the Indian subcontinent, and from eastern Myanmar and northern Vietnam southward to Malayan Peninsula and southeastern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712246","duscrm1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duscrm1","avibase-1DF380FB",null,null,"the Dukhun.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/287/mode/1up","Hirundo concolor"],["22725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne concolor concolor","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills (northwestern India to West Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-921FCC19",null,null,"the Dukhun.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/287/mode/1up","Hirundo concolor"],["22726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne concolor sintaungensis","(Stuart Baker, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Yunnan) to eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-793F6DBF",null,null,"Sintaung, 6,000 feet, Southern Shan States.","Description of a new race of Krimnochelidon concolor from the Shan States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/60/mode/1up","Krimnochelidon concolor sintaungensis"],["22727","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne rupestris","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.167","Eurasian Crag Martin","Eurasian Crag-Martin","Eurasian Crag Martin",null,null,"breeds southern Palearctic to central Asia; winters to Arabia and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712216","eurcrm1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurcrm1","avibase-6F2AF9D0",null,null,"Tirol.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/171/mode/1up","Hirundo rupestris"],["22728","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne rufigula","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.53","Red-throated Rock Martin","Red-throated Crag-Martin",null,"2025-1041, 2025-1211","2025-1041)) Three polytypic species are recognized in the <em>Ptyonoprogne fuligula</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, size, vocalizations, and genetics (Brown 2019):<em> P. fuligula</em> (including <em>anderssoni </em>and <em>pretoriae</em>); <em>P. rufigula</em> (including <em>bansoensis </em>and <em>pusilla</em>); and <em>P. obsoleta </em>(all remaining subspecies). Further research to assess gene flow in areas of contact would be informative. 2025-1211)) Taxon <em>pusilla </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ptyonoprogne rufigula</em>, rather than of <em>P. obsoleta</em>, based on biogeography and plumage (Ash &amp; Atkins 2009).","lowland to montane crags, deserts, coasts, towns and cities, from southeastern Senegal and Guinea eastward to Ethiopia, thence southward to Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique",null,null,null,"rocmar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocmar4","avibase-A85102D3",null,null,"Lake Naivasha.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/65/mode/1up","Cotyle rufigula"],["22729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne rufigula pusilla","(Zedlitz, 1908)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.177",null,null,null,"2025-1211","Taxon <em>pusilla </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ptyonoprogne rufigula</em>, rather than of <em>P. obsoleta</em>, based on biogeography and plumage (Ash &amp; Atkins 2009).","southern Mali to Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6CD1FA6",null,null,"Asmara, 3,000 meters, Highland of Eritrea.","Kurze Notizen zur Ornis von Nordost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/193/mode/1up","Riparia rupestris pusilla"],["22730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne rufigula rufigula","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Chad, Central African Republic, western Sudan, South Sudan, and southwestern Ethiopia southward through East Africa to northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FBC4617",null,null,"Lake Naivasha.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/65/mode/1up","Cotyle rufigula"],["22731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne rufigula bansoensis","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Nigeria and Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D57C5FD",null,null,"Bamenda, 4,750 feet, Cameroon highlands.","Descriptions of four new forms from Northern Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/33/mode/1up","Riparia rufigula bansoensis"],["22732","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.50","Pale Crag Martin","Pale Crag-Martin",null,"2025-1041, 2025-1211","2025-1041)) Three polytypic species are recognized in the <em>Ptyonoprogne fuligula</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, size, vocalizations, and genetics (Brown 2019):<em> P. fuligula</em> (including <em>anderssoni </em>and <em>pretoriae</em>); <em>P. rufigula</em> (including <em>bansoensis </em>and <em>pusilla</em>); and <em>P. obsoleta </em>(all remaining subspecies). Further research to assess gene flow in areas of contact would be informative. 2025-1211)) Taxon <em>pusilla </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ptyonoprogne rufigula</em>, rather than of <em>P. obsoleta</em>, based on biogeography and plumage (Ash &amp; Atkins 2009).","lowland to montane arid open habitats, including desert, cliffs, gorges, cities, and towns, from Morocco eastward through northern Africa and Arabia to southern Pakistan, and southward to southern Mauriana, Chad, and Ethiopia; some populations are partially migratory",null,null,null,"rocmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocmar1","avibase-A97BDA84",null,null,"northeast Africa; restricted to 'lower Egypt on the right bank of the Nile in the region of Cairo and the neighboring Moqattam Hills', by Vaurie, 1951, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/66/mode/1up","Cotyle obsoleta"],["22733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta spatzi","(Geyr von Schweppenburg, 1916)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.59-60",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Algeria, southwestern Libya, and northern Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95CF1B64",null,null,"Gar a Djenoun [= Garet el Djenoun], Tuareg Mts.","Neue Formen aus dem nördlichen Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/73/mode/1up","Cotyle ruspestris spatzi"],["22734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta presaharica","(Vaurie, 1953)","American Museum Novitates no.1640 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Morocco, Algeria (except southern), and northern Mauritania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70AD185B",null,null,"Biskra, Southern Algeria.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 1. A new swallow from the northern Sahara.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4925/","Hirundo obsoleta presaharica"],["22735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta buchanani","(Hartert, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Sahara (Aïr Massif of northern Niger)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8AA5812",null,null,"Mt. Baguezan, Asben, French Sahara.","Captain Angus Buchanan's Aïr Expedition. IV. The birds collected by Capt. Angus Buchanan during his journey from Kano to Aïr or Asben.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/128/mode/1up","Riparia obsoleta buchanani"],["22736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta obsoleta","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt to Arabia and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44D9DBCE",null,null,"northeast Africa; restricted to 'lower Egypt on the right bank of the Nile in the region of Cairo and the neighboring Moqattam Hills', by Vaurie, 1951, p. 16.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/66/mode/1up","Cotyle obsoleta"],["22737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta arabica","(Reichenow, 1905)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.828",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Chad, northern Sudan, southwestern Arabian Peninsula, Eritrea, northern Somalia, and Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C51F9C9C",null,null,"Lahej, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/872/mode/1up","Riparia arabica"],["22738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta perpallida","(Vaurie, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1529 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iraq and northeastern Saudi Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F250A9E4",null,null,"Hofuf, Hasa district, eastern Saudi Arabia.","Notes on some Asiatic swallows.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3915/","Hirundo obsoleta perpallida"],["22739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Ptyonoprogne obsoleta pallida","(Hume, 1872)","Stray Feathers 1, no.1 p.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB0928E2",null,null,"'the Gaj, the Nurrinai and other small streams that issue from the bare stony hills that divide Suidh from Kelat. . .the rocky headland of Minora . . . Kurrachee Harbour . . . and along the Mekran Coast'.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/17/mode/1up","Ptionoprogne Pallida"],["22740","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo rustica [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1837, Natural History and Classification of Birds, 2, p. 340).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","Hirundo"],["22741","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo atrocaerulea","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.107","Blue Swallow","Montane Blue Swallow","Blue Swallow",null,null,"patchy in foothill and submontane open grassland, swamps, and woodland edge, from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Tanzania, and Malawi, southward to eastern South Africa and Eswatini; migrates northward to eastern Africa (Lake Victoria basin)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712318","bluswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluswa1","avibase-CB7FB32A",null,null,"lower Caffraria; type from Umvoti, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/117/mode/1up","Hirundo atrocaerulea"],["22742","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo nigrorufa","Bocage, 1877","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.158","Black-and-rufous Swallow","Black-and-rufous Swallow","Black-and-rufous Swallow",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, savanna, seasonally flooded plains, and burnt or cleared woodland, from central Angola eastward to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712312","barswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barswa1","avibase-10605B6E",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/170/mode/1up","Hirundo nigrorufa"],["22743","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo leucosoma","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.74","Pied-winged Swallow","Pied-winged Swallow","Pied-winged Swallow",null,null,"lowland to foothill wooded savanna, rivers and lakes, forest clearings, and towns, from Senegambia eastward, avoiding rainforest, to western Niger and central Nigeria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712324","piwswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piwswa1","avibase-29D93FC2",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/84/mode/1up","Hirundo leucosoma"],["22744","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo megaensis","Benson, 1942","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 63 p.10","White-tailed Swallow","White-tailed Swallow","White-tailed Swallow",null,null,"foothill to submontane open acacia woodland, semiarid grassland, and villages, in highlands of southern Ethiopia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712330","whtswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtswa2","avibase-BAAFB1BC",null,null,"ten miles west of Mega, 4,000 feet, Ethiopia.","A new Species and Ten new Races from Southern Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125660#page/34/mode/1up","Hirundo megaensis"],["22745","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo dimidiata","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.107","Pearl-breasted Swallow","Pearl-breasted Swallow","Pearl-breasted Swallow",null,null,"lowland grassland, scrub, open woodland, farms, and towns, from Angola eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Malawi, thence southward to southern South Africa; southernmost populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712336","pebswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pebswa1","avibase-0E5AB5F0",null,null,"upper Caffraria; type from Leroma, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/117/mode/1up","Hirundo dimidiata"],["22746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo dimidiata marwitzi","Reichenow, 1903","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, southwestern Tanzania, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B21F043",null,null,"Malangali, Usafua, north of Lake Nyasa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48992#page/434/mode/1up","Hirundo dimidiata var. marwitzi"],["22747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo dimidiata dimidiata","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBE852F4",null,null,"upper Caffraria; type from Leroma, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/117/mode/1up","Hirundo dimidiata"],["22748","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo neoxena","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.131","Welcome Swallow","Welcome Swallow","Welcome Swallow",null,null,"western, southern, and eastern Australia; some winter north to central Australia and Cape York Peninsula, Torres Strait, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia); colonized Norfolk Island and New Zealand including the Chatham Islands in the mid-20th century; also recently recorded southern New Guinea and New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712294","welswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/welswa1","avibase-F8F6B795",null,null,"'the whole of the southern coast of Australia and Van Diemen's Land' = Tasmania.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/283/mode/1up","Hirundo neoxena"],["22749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo neoxena carteri","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (North West Cape to about Eyre); winters to central Australia and Cape York Peninsula, Torres Strait, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia); colonized Norfolk Island and New Zealand including the Chatham Islands in the mid-20th century",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8C5A39F",null,null,"Broome Hill, Western Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/324/mode/1up","Chelidon javanica carteri"],["22750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo neoxena neoxena","Gould, 1842","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Australia (northeastern Queensland to Eyre Peninsula and including Tasmania); some southern birds winter north to central Australia and Cape York Peninsula, Torres Strait, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia); colonized Norfolk Island and New Zealand including the Chatham Islands in the mid-20th century",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7F0F22F",null,null,"'the whole of the southern coast of Australia and Van Diemen's Land' = Tasmania.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/283/mode/1up","Hirundo neoxena"],["22751","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo domicola","Jerdon, 1841","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.1, no.30 p.173","Hill Swallow","Hill Swallow",null,"2025-1042b","Taxon <em>domicola </em>(monotypic) is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Hirundo javanica</em> on the basis of its smaller bill, apparently different vocalizations, and elevational preference (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005); further research is warranted.","southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,"pacswa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacswa3","avibase-8FCDB881",null,null,"Nilgiris.","Supplement to the Catalogue of Birds of the Peninsula of India. (From No. 29, page 227.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/219/mode/1up","Hirundo domicola"],["22752","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo javanica","Sparrman, 1789","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc. 2 pl.100","Pacific Swallow","Pacific Swallow",null,"2025-1042a, 2025-1042b","2025-1042a)) Taxon <em>tahitica </em>is treated as a monotypic species following the recognition of the <em>Hirundo javanica</em> (polytypic) complex based on plumage and morphology. 2025-1042b)) Taxon <em>domicola </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Hirundo javanica</em> on the basis of smaller bill, apparently different vocalizations, and elevational preference (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005); further research is warranted.","southeastern Asia from Andamans to Ryukyu Islands southward through Indonesia and Philippines to New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, and Tonga (western Polynesia)",null,null,null,"pacswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacswa1","avibase-466C01C2",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/111/mode/1up","Hirundo javanica"],["22753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo javanica javanica","Sparrman, 1789","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc. 2 pl.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Andamans and Myanmar to Indochina, Sundas, Wallacea, and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54418094",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/111/mode/1up","Hirundo javanica"],["22754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo javanica namiyei","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.597 p.646",null,null,null,null,null,"Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92887DEA",null,null,"Urassoimagiri, Okinawa, Ryu Kyu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/660/mode/1up","Chelidon namiyei"],["22755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo javanica frontalis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF2EFE22",null,null,"Dorey [i.e. Manokwari], New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/262/mode/1up","Hirundo frontalis"],["22756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo javanica albescens","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.668",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E8A267C",null,null,"Magarida, Amazon Bay, Papua New Guinea",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Hirundo tahitica albescens"],["22757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo javanica ambiens","Mayr, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.709 p.12-13",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E41C1A5",null,null,"Wide Bay, New Britain.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 28. Notes on some Birds from New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4500/","Hirundo tahitica ambiens"],["22758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo javanica subfusca","Gould, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago) to Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, and Tonga",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA559024",null,null,"Moala, Fiji Islands.","[Descriptions of some Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray when attached as the naturalist of H.M. Surveying ship Rattlesnake during the Expedition commanded by Capt. Denham].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/175/mode/1up","Hirundo subfusca"],["22759","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo tahitica","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1016","Tahiti Swallow","Tahiti Swallow","Tahiti Swallow","2025-1042a","Taxon <em>tahitica </em>is treated as a monotypic species following the recognition of <em>Hirundo javanica</em> (polytypic) complex based on plumage and morphometrics, and <em>domicola </em>(polytypic) on the basis of smaller size, apparently different vocalizations, and elevational preference (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005).","mainly in forested river valleys of Moorea (rare) and Tahiti (Windward Society Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/104006414","pacswa5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacswa5","avibase-8C7E0230",null,null,"Tahiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/517/mode/1up","Hirundo tahitica"],["22760","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo smithii","Leach, 1818","Narrative of an expedition to explore the river Zaire, usually called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816, under the direction of Captain J. K. Tuckey (etc.) p.407","Wire-tailed Swallow","Wire-tailed Swallow","Wire-tailed Swallow",null,null,"disjunctly, in sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal, southern Mali and central Ivory Coast eastward to central Sudan and Somalia, and southward (outside central rainforest zone) to northern Namibia and northeastern South Africa, and breeding visitor to southern Uzbekistan, southern Tajikistan, Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India; resident in southeastern Pakistan, most of India, southwestern Nepal, through southeastern Asia (except Malayan Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712299","witswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/witswa1","avibase-B79D6B3D",null,null,"Chisalla Island, Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71486#page/527/mode/1up","Hirundo Smithii"],["22761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo smithii smithii","Leach, 1818","Narrative of an expedition to explore the river Zaire, usually called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816, under the direction of Captain J. K. Tuckey (etc.) p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"widespread in sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E42ACB88",null,null,"Chisalla Island, Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71486#page/527/mode/1up","Hirundo Smithii"],["22762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo smithii filifera","Stephens, 1826","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 13, pt2 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Afghanistan and Baluchistan to India, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4378BD8A",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113482#page/110/mode/1up","Hirundo filifera"],["22763","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo nigrita","Gray, 1845","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1, pt.10 p.58, pl.20","White-bibbed Swallow","White-throated Blue Swallow","White-bibbed Swallow",null,null,"lowland to foothill rivers and streams in rainforest, lagoons, and mangroves, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712305","wtbswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtbswa1","avibase-0116C834",null,null,"no locality = Niger River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/168/mode/1up","Hirundo nigrita"],["22764","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo albigularis","Strickland, 1849","Contributions to ornithology 2 p.17-4, pl.15","White-throated Swallow","White-throated Swallow","White-throated Swallow",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, open woodland, floodplain, and towns, often near water, from southern Malawi and southern Zambia southward to South Africa; southern populations migrate north to Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712278","whtswa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtswa3","avibase-E7755BD1",null,null,"South Africa = Cape Peninsula.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/217/mode/1up","Hirundo albigularis"],["22765","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191","Barn Swallow","Barn Swallow","Barn Swallow",null,null,"open areas of Eurasia from northern Scandinavia and most of Europe southward to northern Africa and eastward through Central Asia, China, and Siberia to Kamchatka, and southern Alaska and northwestern Canada southward to southern US and northern Mexico; winters in Africa south of the Sahara, the Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia including the Philippines, most of Indonesia, New Guinea and northern Australia, and most Central America and South America; also breeds in east-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712252","barswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barswa","avibase-58C502EA",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","Hirundo rustica"],["22766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica rustica","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa; winters to sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F93910B4",null,null,"Europe, restricted type locality Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","Hirundo rustica"],["22767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica transitiva","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.802",null,null,null,null,null,"Lebanon, Syria, Israel, and western Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7045662",null,null,"Plains of Esdraclon, Palestine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/892/mode/1up","Chelidon rustica transitiva"],["22768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica savignii","Stephens, 1817","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 10, pt1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Egyptian delta (southward to Luxor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5234C66",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64499#page/132/mode/1up","Hirundo Savignii"],["22769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica gutturalis","Scopoli, 1786","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas to northeastern Myanmar, Kamchatka, Japan (southward to northern Ryukyu Islands), and Korean Peninsula; winters from southern and southeastern Asia eastward to coastal northern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C8A9E81",null,null,"'in nova Guiana' = Antigua, Panay, Philippine Island, ex Sonnerat, Voy. à la Nouvelle Guinée, p. 118, pl. 76.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Hirundo gutturalis"],["22770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica tytleri","Jerdon, 1864","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 3 (\"2 pt2\") p.870",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Siberia to northern Inner Mongolia; winters to India and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D06E643A",null,null,"Dacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113053#page/452/mode/1up","Hirundo Tytleri"],["22771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica saturata","Ridgway, 1883","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.345 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia; winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-038B8ABF",null,null,"Petropavlovsk. Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/109/mode/1up","Hirundo saturata"],["22772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica mandschurica","Meise, 1934","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 18, no.2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China; winters to southeastern Asia?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDB605BA",null,null,"Harbin, Manchuria.","Die Vogelwelt der Mandschurei.",null,"Hirundo rustica mandschurica"],["22773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo rustica erythrogaster","Boddaert, 1783","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern Alaska and Canada southward to southern Mexico; winters from Mexico southward to southern South America (Tierra del Fuego); recently (ca. 1980) also colonized northeastern Argentina, where breeding range continues to expand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43FD00D9",null,null,"Cayenne, ex Daubenton Pl. enlum., pl. 724, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Hirundo erythrogaster"],["22774","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo aethiopica","Blanford, 1869","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.23 p.329","Ethiopian Swallow","Ethiopian Swallow","Ethiopian Swallow",null,null,"lowland to montane open country, savanna, open woodland, and towns, from Ivory Coast (reported Liberia) eastward to central Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, thence southward to Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania; some dry-season migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712266","ethswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ethswa1","avibase-42E93B64",null,null,"northern Ethiopia; type from Barakit, Tigre.","XXXVIII. Descriptions of five Birds and a Hare from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/343/mode/1up","Hirundo aethiopica"],["22775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo aethiopica aethiopica","Blanford, 1869","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.23 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily distributed from Senegambia eastward to Benin, then more widespread from southern Niger and northern Benin eastward to western Ethiopia, southward in East Africa to Uganda, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania to southeastern Sudan, western Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B14BE5E",null,null,"northern Ethiopia; type from Barakit, Tigre.","XXXVIII. Descriptions of five Birds and a Hare from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/343/mode/1up","Hirundo aethiopica"],["22776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo aethiopica amadoni","White, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia and Somalia to eastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72112834",null,null,"Geloher, Somaliland on 17th March, 1919, by Col. Stephenson Clarke","A new race of Swallow from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/210/mode/1up","Hirundo aethiopica amadoni"],["22777","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo angolensis","Bocage, 1868","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.5 p.47","Angola Swallow","Angola Swallow","Angola Swallow",null,null,"patchy in lowlands to montane open country, grassland, cultivation, swamp and forest edge, and villages, from Gabon eastward, avoiding rainforest, to Uganda and western Kenya, and southward to Angola, northern Zambia, and northern Malawi; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712272","angswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/angswa1","avibase-B418B155",null,null,"Huilla, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/55/mode/1up","Hirundo angolensis"],["22778","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo lucida","Hartlaub, 1858","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.31 p.42","Red-chested Swallow","Red-chested Swallow","Red-chested Swallow",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane grassland, savanna, marsh, and towns, from western Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Benin, and riverine habitats in Gabon and along the Congo River in Republic of the Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and highlands in Ethiopia; some local migration in western African populations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712260","recswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recswa1","avibase-F401ECCF",null,null,"Casamance River, Senegal.","Ueber drei neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/522/mode/1up","Hirundo lucida"],["22779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo lucida lucida","Hartlaub, 1858","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.31 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Sahel and Senegal to Ghana, Togo, and far western Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7430AAE",null,null,"Casamance River, Senegal.","Ueber drei neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/522/mode/1up","Hirundo lucida"],["22780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo lucida subalaris","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.829",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (lower and upper valley of the Congo River), and northern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57B19E0C",null,null,"Congo = Stanley Falls fide Bannerman, 1939.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/873/mode/1up","Hirundo lucida subalaris"],["22781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Hirundo lucida rothschildi","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A9EDCA1",null,null,"Schubba, Kaffa, Ethiopia.","Neue afrikanische Vögel (Vorläufige Diagnosen).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/159/mode/1up","Hirundo rothschildi"],["22782","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atronanus","Silva, Fernando, Robbins et al., 2018","Journal of Avian Biology 49, 9 10.1111/jav.01698",null,null,null,"2025-1044","The generic attribution <em>Atronanus </em>is recognized for taxon <em>fuliginosus </em>based on genetic evidence, and pending action by the ICZN as it remains a <em>nomen nudum.</em> Formerly placed in <em>Petrochelidon, </em>but mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (de Silva et al. 2018) indicate that the genus is paraphyletic, with <em>fuliginosus </em>more closely aligned with the genus <em>Delichon</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lecythoplastes fuliginosus [Chapin, 1925]",null,"Recognition of a New Generic‐level Swallow Taxon from Central Africa","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.01698","Atronanus"],["22783","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Atronanus fuliginosus","(Chapin, 1925)","Ibis ser.12, vol.1, no.1 p.149 fig.6A","Forest Swallow","Forest Swallow","Forest Swallow","2025-1044","The generic attribution <em>Atronanus </em>is recognized for taxon <em>fuliginosus </em>based on genetic evidence, and pending action by the ICZN as it remains a <em>nomen nudum.</em> Formerly placed in <em>Petrochelidon, </em>but mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (de Silva et al. 2018) indicate that the genus is paraphyletic, with <em>fuliginosus </em>more closely aligned with the genus <em>Delichon</em>.","lowland forest, forest edge, and villages, from southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon southward to eastern Gabon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712471","forswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forswa2","avibase-91BD7FA4",null,null,"A Lolodorf, Cameroons.","A new Swallow from Cameroon.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1925.tb02912.x","Lecythoplastes fuliginosus"],["22784","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon","Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Delichon nipalense [Moore, F, 1854]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Delichon"],["22785","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon urbicum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192","Western House Martin","Western House-Martin","Northern House Martin",null,null,"lowland to montane open areas, cultivation, coastal cliffs, and cities and towns, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to western Siberia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Iran, and northern India; migrates southward to Arabian Peninsula and sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103811886","comhom1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comhom1","avibase-30FEC6BE",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo urbica"],["22786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon urbicum urbicum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe to central Asia, western, and southeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6654641",null,null,"Europe = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/212/mode/1up","Hirundo urbica"],["22787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon urbicum meridionale","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.809",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean basin to North Africa, Iran, and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D375767",null,null,"Hamman R'Hira, Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/899/mode/1up","Hirundo urbica meridionalis"],["22788","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon nipalense","Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.384","Nepal House Martin","Nepal House-Martin","Nepal House Martin",null,null,"foothill to montane open ridges, cliffs, and around villages, from northern India eastward to south-central China and northwest Vietnam, and southward to eastern India and adjacent Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712496","nephom1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nephom1","avibase-0F94AC6E",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/420/mode/1up","Delichon nipalensis"],["22789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon nipalense nipalense","Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Nepal and southeastern Tibet to western and eastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2C7BDA2",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/420/mode/1up","Delichon nipalensis"],["22790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon nipalense cuttingi","Mayr, 1941","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.3 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southern China (southwestern Yunnan), northern Thailand, northern Laos, and western Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4208A084",null,null,"Gangfang, 5,500 feet, near the Burma- Yunnan border.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part IV.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00631.x","Delichon nipalensis cuttingi"],["22791","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon lagopodum","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.532","Siberian House Martin","Siberian House-Martin","Eastern House Martin",null,null,"breeds Siberia to Mongolia and northeastern China; winters to southern China and Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103811905","comhom2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comhom2","avibase-535F7C54",null,null,"Dauria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/564/mode/1up","Hirundo Lagopoda"],["22792","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon dasypus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.343","Asian House Martin","Asian House-Martin","Asian House Martin",null,null,"disjunct populations in foothill to montane cliffs, gorges, cities and town, in northern Mongolia and adjacent Siberia eastward to Sakhalin, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido southward to Kyushu), and from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to central and southeastern China, and Taiwan; most populations migrate south to India and eastward to Philippines, Greater Sundas, and Wallacea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712491","ashmar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashmar1","avibase-15FD4123",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/537/mode/1up","Chelidon dasypus"],["22793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon dasypus cashmeriense","(Gould, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.369 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (southeastern Afghanistan to India and western China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62974350",null,null,"Cashmir.","Descriptions of Two New Species of the Family Hirundinidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/444/mode/1up","Chelidon Cashmiriensis"],["22794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon dasypus nigrimentale","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.810",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Fujian and Guangxi) and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84B58734",null,null,"Kuatun, Fokien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/900/mode/1up","Hirundo urbica nigrimentalis"],["22795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Delichon dasypus dasypus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia to Kuril Islands and Japan (Hokkaido southward to Kyushu); winters to Greater Sundas and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E66FC0CE",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/537/mode/1up","Chelidon dasypus"],["22796","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.971",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo capensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1881, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 2, p. 1). = Hirundo cucullata Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/534/mode/1up","Cecropis"],["22797","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis abyssinica","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.322","Lesser Striped Swallow","Lesser Striped Swallow","Lesser Striped Swallow",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, savanna, open woodland, cultivation and villages, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, thence southward to eastern and southern South Africa (avoiding Namib and Kalahari deserts); northwestern and southern populations migrate to tropics after breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712350","lessts1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessts1","avibase-5ACC908D",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Oiseaux nouveaux découverts par MM. Ferret et Galinier pendant leur voyage en Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/330/mode/1up","Hirundo abyssinica"],["22798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis abyssinica puella","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.34, in text",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B4D26D7",null,null,"Guinea Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/44/mode/1up","Hirondo puella"],["22799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis abyssinica maxima","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon to southwestern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62CF5878",null,null,"Kumbo, 5,500 feet, Nigerian highlands.","Exhibition and description of a new race of Swallow from the highlands of Northern Nigeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/481/mode/1up","Hirundo puella maxima"],["22800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis abyssinica bannermani","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1942)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Central African Republic to southwestern Sudan and northwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE875FC4",null,null,"Aribo Valley, Darfur, western Sudan.","A new Race of the Smaller Striped Swallow from the Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/80/mode/1up","Hirundo abyssinica bannermani"],["22801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis abyssinica abyssinica","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan (and northeastern South Sudan?), Ethiopia, and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-329A93CC",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Oiseaux nouveaux découverts par MM. Ferret et Galinier pendant leur voyage en Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/330/mode/1up","Hirundo abyssinica"],["22802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis abyssinica unitatis","(Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1918)","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.4 p.718-719",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon eastward to southern South Sudan, Kenya, and southern Somalia, southward to central Angola, eastern Zambia, Zimbabwe, eastern Botswana, Mozambique, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A6D58D2",null,null,"Pinetown, Natal.","A List of the Birds of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, based on the Collections of Mr. A. L. Butler, Mr. A. Chapman and Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., and Major Cuthbert Christy, R.A.M.C. (T.F.). Part II. Alaudidae - Hirundinidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/810/mode/1up","Hirundo puella unitatis"],["22803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis abyssinica ampliformis","(Clancey, 1969)","Durban Museum Novitates 8 pt15 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia, western Zambia, and northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-183D0D1F",null,null,"Linyanti, Caprivi Strip, north-eastern South-West Africa","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. XXVII. 3. The southern forms of Hirundo abyssinica Guerin-Méneville.",null,"Hirundo abyssinica ampliformis"],["22804","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis semirufa","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.107","Red-breasted Swallow","Rufous-chested Swallow","Rufous-chested Swallow",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, savanna, scrub, and villages, from Senegambia eastward to Chad, South Sudan, Uganda, and northern Tanzania, thence southward to northern Namibia and eastern South Africa; northern and southern populations migrate to tropics after breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712358","rucswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucswa2","avibase-958F4A5E",null,null,"'Caffraria superiore' ; type from Magliesberg, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/117/mode/1up","Hirundo semirufa"],["22805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis semirufa gordoni","(Jardine, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, southwestern Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania, southward to northern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B132F1C9",null,null,"west coast of Africa, i.e. Gold Coast.","Birds of Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/403/mode/1up","Hirundo gordoni"],["22806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis semirufa semirufa","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Botswana to Malawi, Mozambique, and eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF51B10D",null,null,"'Caffraria superiore' ; type from Magliesberg, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/117/mode/1up","Hirundo semirufa"],["22807","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis cucullata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45","Greater Striped Swallow","Greater Striped Swallow","Greater Striped Swallow",null,null,"lowlands to submontane semiarid karoo, open grassland, cultivation, and human habitation, breeding from central Angola and southern Zimbabwe southward to South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini; migrates northward to south-central and southeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712342","grests1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grests1","avibase-3160A924",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 723, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Hirundo cucullata"],["22808","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.345","Mosque Swallow","Mosque Swallow","Mosque Swallow",null,null,"lowland to montane grassland, savanna, mopane woodland, and villages, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia, thence southward to northern Namibia, southern Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa; partly migratory locally",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712365","mosswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mosswa2","avibase-9185D29D",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/349/mode/1up","Hirundo senegalensis"],["22809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis senegalensis senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania and Senegambia to southern Chad and southern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7CAF373",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/349/mode/1up","Hirundo senegalensis"],["22810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis senegalensis saturatior","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ghana eastward to South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Kenya, southward to Congo and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03D9E37C",null,null,"Accra, Gold Coast.","Remarks on the distribution of the Senegal Swallow, with description of a new race from the Gold Coast.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/491/mode/1up","Hirundo senegalensis saturatior"],["22811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis senegalensis monteiri","(Hartlaub, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.336, 340, pl. XI",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C45FF6E",null,null,"Angola.","Notes on Birds collected in Angola in 1861.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/378/mode/1up","Hirundo monteiri"],["22812","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis melanocrissus","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.17, pl. 5","African Red-rumped Swallow","African Red-rumped Swallow",null,"2025-1043","Five species are recognized in the <em>Cecropis daurica</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and evidence from mitochondrial (Sheldon et al. 2005) and genomic DNA data (Brown 2019; Schield et al. 2024): monotypic <em>C. hyperythra </em>based on plumage and vocalizations; monotypic <em>C. badia </em>based on plumage, size, and parapatry with populations of <em>daurica</em>; polytypic <em>C. daurica </em>involving a merger of most populations of temperate-migratory <em>daurica </em>and tropical Asian <em>striolata </em>based on clinality in plumage and genetic paraphyly; monotypic <em>C. rufula</em> based on plumage, genetics, and a zone of parapatry with populations of<em> C. daurica</em>; and polytypic <em>C. melanocrissus </em>based on plumage and genetics. A comprehensive review of this complex integrating formal bioacoustic analyses, broad genomic sampling, and phenotypic variation, is desirable.","lowland to foothill open country, savanna, cultivation, and towns, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea and Ethiopia, thence southward to Cameroon, northern Zambia, and Malawi; some local migration in non-breeding season",null,null,null,"rerswa12","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rerswa12","avibase-91315CD4",null,null,"Province of Barakit, and Gondar, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/31/mode/1up","Cecropis melanocrissus"],["22813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis melanocrissus melanocrissus","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.17, pl. 5",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C94AA778",null,null,"Province of Barakit, and Gondar, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/31/mode/1up","Cecropis melanocrissus"],["22814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis melanocrissus kumboensis","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone (Birwa Plateau) and Cameroon (Bamenda highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D52258AE",null,null,"Kumbo, 5,500 feet, Northern Nigeria.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies obtained by Mr. G. L. Bates.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/548/mode/1up","Hirundo rufula kumboensis"],["22815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis melanocrissus emini","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.30-31",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward through Uganda and Kenya to Malawi and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94F9F616",null,null,"Bussisi, and Bukoba, Tanganyika.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/44/mode/1up","Hirundo emini"],["22816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis melanocrissus domicella","(Heuglin, 1869)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia and Guinea eastward to southwestern Sudan, South Sudan, and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D8DB4AE",null,null,"Casamance.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/165/mode/1up","Hirundo domicella"],["22817","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis rufula","(Temminck, 1835)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.3 p.298","European Red-rumped Swallow","European Red-rumped Swallow",null,"2025-1043","Five species are recognized in the <em>Cecropis daurica</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and evidence from mitochondrial (Sheldon et al. 2005) and genomic DNA data (Brown 2019; Schield et al. 2024): monotypic <em>C. hyperythra </em>based on plumage and vocalizations; monotypic <em>C. badia </em>based on plumage, size, and parapatry with populations of <em>daurica</em>; polytypic <em>C. daurica </em>involving a merger of most populations of temperate-migratory <em>daurica </em>and tropical Asian <em>striolata </em>based on clinality in plumage and genetic paraphyly; monotypic <em>C. rufula</em> based on plumage, genetics, and a zone of parapatry with populations of<em> C. daurica</em>; and polytypic <em>C. melanocrissus </em>based on plumage and genetics. A comprehensive review of this complex integrating formal bioacoustic analyses, broad genomic sampling, and phenotypic variation, is desirable.","Iberian Peninsula to northern Africa, Iran, Afghanistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,"rerswa8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rerswa8","avibase-B4967714",null,null,"Egypt, Sicily, Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131797#page/394/mode/1up","Hirundo rufula"],["22818","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis hyperythra","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.814-815","Sri Lanka Swallow","Sri Lanka Swallow","Sri Lanka Swallow","2025-1043","Five species are recognized in the <em>Cecropis daurica</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and evidence from mitochondrial (Sheldon et al. 2005) and genomic DNA data (Brown 2019; Schield et al. 2024): monotypic <em>C. hyperythra </em>based on plumage and vocalizations; monotypic <em>C. badia </em>based on plumage, size, and parapatry with populations of <em>daurica</em>; polytypic <em>C. daurica </em>involving a merger of most populations of temperate-migratory <em>daurica </em>and tropical Asian <em>striolata </em>based on clinality in plumage and genetic paraphyly; monotypic <em>C. rufula</em> based on plumage, genetics, and a zone of parapatry with populations of<em> C. daurica</em>; and polytypic <em>C. melanocrissus </em>based on plumage and genetics. A comprehensive review of this complex integrating formal bioacoustic analyses, broad genomic sampling, and phenotypic variation, is desirable.","Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812653","srlswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/srlswa1","avibase-7F7470DA",null,null,"Ceylon.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/178/mode/1up","Hirundo hyperythra"],["22819","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis badia","Cassin, 1853","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.9 p.371","Rufous-bellied Swallow","Rufous-bellied Swallow",null,"2025-1043","Five species are recognized in the <em>Cecropis daurica</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and evidence from mitochondrial (Sheldon et al. 2005) and genomic DNA data (Brown 2019; Schield et al. 2024): monotypic <em>C. hyperythra </em>based on plumage and vocalizations; monotypic <em>C. badia </em>based on plumage, size, and parapatry with populations of <em>daurica</em>; polytypic <em>C. daurica </em>involving a merger of most populations of temperate-migratory <em>daurica </em>and tropical Asian <em>striolata </em>based on clinality in plumage and genetic paraphyly; monotypic <em>C. rufula</em> based on plumage, genetics, and a zone of parapatry with populations of<em> C. daurica</em>; and polytypic <em>C. melanocrissus </em>based on plumage and genetics. A comprehensive review of this complex integrating formal bioacoustic analyses, broad genomic sampling, and phenotypic variation, is desirable.","Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,"rubswa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubswa1","avibase-E08FAF8E",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/393/mode/1up","Cecropis badius"],["22820","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica","(Laxmann, 1769)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.528","Eastern Red-rumped Swallow","Eastern Red-rumped Swallow",null,"2025-1043","Five species are recognized in the <em>Cecropis daurica</em> complex based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and evidence from mitochondrial (Sheldon et al. 2005) and genomic DNA data (Brown 2019; Schield et al. 2024): monotypic <em>C. hyperythra </em>based on plumage and vocalizations; monotypic <em>C. badia </em>based on plumage, size, and parapatry with populations of <em>daurica</em>; polytypic <em>C. daurica </em>involving a merger of most populations of temperate-migratory <em>daurica </em>and tropical Asian <em>striolata </em>based on clinality in plumage and genetic paraphyly; monotypic <em>C. rufula</em> based on plumage, genetics, and a zone of parapatry with populations of<em> C. daurica</em>; and polytypic <em>C. melanocrissus </em>based on plumage and genetics. A comprehensive review of this complex integrating formal bioacoustic analyses, broad genomic sampling, and phenotypic variation, is desirable.","lowland to montane open habitats, including wetlands, cliffs, forest clearings, and villages, breeding from northeastern Kazakhstan eastward to Sakhalin and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), and southward to India, Philippines, and Indonesia; northern populations migrate to southern Asia, and as far as northern Australia",null,null,null,"y00621","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00621","avibase-6FE118C6",null,null,"Siberia; Mt. Schlangen near Zmeinogorsk, Russia (see Dickinson & Ericson 2002, SNAB 32)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/178907#page/237/mode/1up","Hirundo daurica"],["22821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica daurica","(Laxmann, 1769)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Siberia to Amur River, northern Mongolia, western China, and Transbaikalia; winters southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9A8E403",null,null,"Siberia; Mt. Schlangen near Zmeinogorsk, Russia (see Dickinson & Ericson 2002, SNAB 32)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/178907#page/237/mode/1up","Hirundo daurica"],["22822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica japonica","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.33, pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Korean Peninsula, eastern and central China, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); migrant to coastal northern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BC6BF59",null,null,"? Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/43/mode/1up","Hirundo alpestris japonica"],["22823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.780-781",null,null,null,null,null,"central Himalayas to southwestern China (Yunnan), northern India, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23B2E517",null,null,"central region of Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/910/mode/1up","Hirundo Nipalensis"],["22824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica erythropygia","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and Peninsular India (base of Himalayas to Nilgiris)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15A7B91D",null,null,"Poona, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/287/mode/1up","Hirundo erythropygia"],["22825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica striolata","(Schlegel, 1844)","Kritische Übersicht der europäischen Vögel p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Greater and Lesser Sundas to Philippines and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CD751E6",null,null,"Java.",null,null,"Hirundo striolata"],["22826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica mayri","(Hall, 1953)","Ibis vol.95, no.3 p.547",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to northern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60DCE5E2",null,null,"Singhaling Hkamti, Upper Chindwin.","Note on the identity of Hirundo substriolata (Hume).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1953.tb00714.x","Hirundo striolata mayri"],["22827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica stanfordi","(Mayr, 1941)","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.3 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southwestern China (southern Yunnan), northern Thailand, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42262469",null,null,"Tamu, 1,000 feet, Myitkyina District, upper Burma.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part IV.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00631.x","Hirundo striolata stanfordi"],["22828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Cecropis daurica vernayi","(Kinnear, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Thailand/Tenasserim border and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93345C29",null,null,"Longlung, Siam.","Exhibition and description of a new form of Swallow from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/55/mode/1up","Hirundo daurica vernayi"],["22829","genus","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hirundo melanogaster [Swainson, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 13). = Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/63/mode/1up","Petrochelidon"],["22830","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon perdita","(Fry & Smith, 1985)","Ibis vol.127 p.2","Red Sea Cliff Swallow","Red Sea Swallow","Red Sea Swallow",null,null,"known from one specimen from Red Sea coast of eastern Sudan",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712390","resswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resswa2","avibase-BBDD34B2",null,null,"found dead on an islet off Port Sudan [Sudan] in spring 1984","A new swallow from the Red Sea.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1985.tb05032.x","Hirundo perdita"],["22831","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon spilodera","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.108","South African Cliff Swallow","South African Swallow","South African Swallow",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill open grassland, lightly wooded savanna, and semiarid karoo, in central Namibia, western Zimbabwe, and northern and central South Africa; migrates northward to southeastern Republic of the Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712412","soaswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soaswa2","avibase-7D1AE743",null,null,"South Africa; type from the Mooi River, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/118/mode/1up","Hirundo spilodera"],["22832","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon rufigula","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.256,269","Red-throated Cliff Swallow","Red-throated Swallow","Red-throated Swallow",null,null,"lowland to foothill open grassland, often near cliffs and water, large forest rivers, and cultivation, from southern Gabon southward to central Angola, and eastward to south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia; Zambian populations migrate northward post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712405","retswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retswa2","avibase-D134B7F0",null,null,"Caconda, Benguela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/268/mode/1up","Hirundo rufigula"],["22833","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon preussi","(Reichenow, 1898)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.115","Preuss's Cliff Swallow","Preuss's Swallow","Preuss's Swallow",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill savanna, cultivation, and towns, usually near rivers and cliffs, from Guinea-Bissau and southern Mali eastward to northern Nigeria, and southward to Cameroon, Central African Republic, and northwestern and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; substantial post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712398","preswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/preswa2","avibase-AC11EBBB",null,null,"near Edea, Cameroons.","Lecythoplastes Rchw n. g. Hirundinidarum. Lecythoplastes preussi Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/129/mode/1up","Lecythoplastes preussi"],["22834","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon nigricans","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.523","Tree Martin","Tree Martin","Tree Martin",null,null,"Lesser Sundas, and Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712449","tremar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tremar2","avibase-CF1BEA6B",null,null,"New Holland, error = Hobart, Tasmania; see Mathews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 65.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/545/mode/1up","Hirundo nigricans"],["22835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon nigricans timoriensis","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Lesser Sundas (Timor, Alor, and Flores); winters to Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-458EC3E3",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/210/mode/1up","Petrochelidon timoriensis"],["22836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon nigricans neglecta","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except Tasmania); winters to New Guinea and Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62EA7A8E",null,null,"North-West Australia; type from Fitzroy River.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/325/mode/1up","Petrochelidon nigricans neglecta"],["22837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon nigricans nigricans","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.523",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tasmania and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait); winters northward to eastern Australia and southern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0B2811E",null,null,"New Holland, error = Hobart, Tasmania; see Mathews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 65.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/545/mode/1up","Hirundo nigricans"],["22838","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon ariel","(Gould, 1842)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.132","Fairy Martin","Fairy Martin","Fairy Martin",null,null,"mainland Australia (except southwestern deserts); some winter in northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712463","faimar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faimar2","avibase-7FB74396",null,null,"New South Wales.","Exhibition and description of thirty new species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/284/mode/1up","Collocalia Ariel"],["22839","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fluvicola","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.5 p.471","Streak-throated Swallow","Streak-throated Swallow","Streak-throated Swallow",null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan to northern Pakistan and Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712458","sttswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttswa2","avibase-A4062482",null,null,"Sonar and Kane rivers, Bundelkund.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for July, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/519/mode/1up","Hirundo fluvicola"],["22840","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon pyrrhonota","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.519","American Cliff Swallow","Cliff Swallow","Cliff Swallow",null,null,"breeds in canyons, embankments, cliffs, and urban areas, especially on bridges, from western and central Alaska eastward to Nova Scotia (southeastern Canada), southward to northern Baja California, central Oaxaca (northwestern and southern Mexico), and east-central USA, with scattered colonies on Atlantic and Gulf coasts of USA, and in east-central Argentina; winters from eastern Paraguay and southern Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul eastward to Minas Gerais) southward to central Argentina (Buenos Aires)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712427","cliswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cliswa","avibase-F5C181CA",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/541/mode/1up","Hirundo pyrrhonota"],["22841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon pyrrhonota pyrrhonota","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.519",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds North America from western Alaska to southeastern Canada southward to northwestern Mexico (northern Baja California) and the USA (except for the southwest); winters in South America, from Bolivia and southern Brazil to east-central Argentina; since 2015 also breeding locally in east-central Argentina (this subspecies?), nonbreeding from the southern USA southward to Colombia and Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1378C130",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/541/mode/1up","Hirundo pyrrhonota"],["22842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ganieri","(Phillips, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.33-34",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern USA west of Appalachians (Tennessee to Texas); winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2C1AC1C",null,null,"Swallow bluff, Decatur Co., Tennessee",null,null,"Hirundo albifrons ganieri"],["22843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon pyrrhonota tachina","Oberholser, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico and Baja California; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C56A3B71",null,null,"Langtry, Texas.","A new Cliff Swallow from Texas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/28/mode/1up","Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina"],["22844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon pyrrhonota melanogaster","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., Vol. 1, no.5 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Arizona and New Mexico to Oaxaca; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB714A2F",null,null,"table land of Mexico = Real del Monte, Hidalgo.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/382/mode/1up","Hirundo melanogaster"],["22845","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon rufocollaris","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.175","Chestnut-collared Swallow","Chestnut-collared Swallow","Chestnut-collared Swallow",null,null,"open and semi-open areas and towns in dry forest to desert regions from coastal west-central Ecuador southward to south-central Peru (Lima and Ica); range expanding in Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712441","chcswa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcswa2","avibase-C7A573E6",null,null,"near Callao, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/195/mode/1up","Hirundo rufocollaris"],["22846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon rufocollaris aequatorialis","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of southern Ecuador (Loja and Guayaquil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B886F312",null,null,"Alamor, Province of Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Petrochelidon rufocollaris aequatorialis"],["22847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon rufocollaris rufocollaris","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of northern and central Peru (south to Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E96C9563",null,null,"near Callao, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/195/mode/1up","Hirundo rufocollaris"],["22848","species","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fulva","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.62 pl.32","Cave Swallow","Cave Swallow","Cave Swallow",null,null,"breeds in open areas near human-made structures and near water, disjunctly in southern USA from southern New Mexico and central Texas southward to north-central Mexico (Durango and Zacatecas), in northern Yucatan Peninsula, and Chiapas (southeastern Mexico), southern Florida, southern Andros (Bahamas; very local), and Greater Antilles; range expanding in USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712435","cavswa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cavswa","avibase-79A1EDEC",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/156/mode/1up","Hirundo fulva"],["22849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fulva pallida","Nelson, 1902","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"New Mexico and southern Texas (USA) and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5569253E",null,null,"Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.","A new subspecies of the Cuban Cliff Swallow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/247/mode/1up","Petrochelidon fulva pallida"],["22850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fulva citata","Van Tyne, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 385 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (northern Yucatan Peninsula and interior valley of Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D952734",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan.","The Yucatan form of the West Indian Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon fulva).","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56824","Petrochelidon fulva citata"],["22851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fulva fulva","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.62 pl.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola including Gonâve Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C15D609F",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/156/mode/1up","Hirundo fulva"],["22852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fulva cavicola","Barbour & Brooks, 1917","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud; now breeds southern Florida (since 1980s)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4202680A",null,null,"San Antonio de los Baños, Provincia de Havana, Cuba.","Two new West Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/62/mode/1up","Petrochelidon fulva cavicola"],["22853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fulva poeciloma","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C0B3E56",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/82/mode/1up","Hirundo poeciloma"],["22854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hirundinidae","Swallows","Petrochelidon fulva puertoricensis","Garrido, Peterson & Komar, 1999","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 119 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47ECC13C",null,null,"5.5 miles NE Utuado, Puerto Rico; collected 30 August 1962 by D. C. Leber","Geographic variation and taxonomy of the Cave Swallow (Petrochelidon fulva) complex, with the description of a new subspecies from Puerto Rico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123704#page/102/mode/1up","Petrochelidon fulva puertoricensis"],["22855","family","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Hyliidae",null,null,"Hylias","Hylias","Hylias","2025-0957","<em>Hylia </em>and <em>Pholidornis </em>are placed in the family Hyliidae based on the genomic DNA data of Oliveros et al. 2019 (see also Sefc et al. 2003; Johansson et al. 2008). <em>Hylia </em>and <em>Pholidornis </em>were recovered as sister genera, and are deeply diverged from related clades (Aegithalidae, Erythrocercidae, and Cettiidae).",null,null,null,null,"hylias1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hylias1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22856","genus","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Hylia","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia prasina [Cassin, 1855]; type by original designation","Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/58/mode/1up","Hylia"],["22857","species","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Hylia prasina","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.325","Green Hylia","Green Hylia","Green Hylia",null,null,"lowland to montane forest understory, from Senegambia eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and far northwestern Tanzania, and southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715182","grehyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grehyl1","avibase-98BA31AA",null,null,"Moonda (= Mondah) River, Western Africa = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/348/mode/1up","Sylvia prasina"],["22858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Hylia prasina poensis","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3256ADB8",null,null,"Rebola, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/408/mode/1up","Hylia poensis"],["22859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Hylia prasina prasina","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania, southward to central Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A0D298E",null,null,"Moonda (= Mondah) River, Western Africa = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/348/mode/1up","Sylvia prasina"],["22860","genus","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Pholidornis","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dicaeum rushiae [Cassin, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Pholidornis"],["22861","species","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Pholidornis rushiae","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.325","Tit Hylia","Tit-hylia","Tit-hylia",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edges, gardens, and plantations, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711688","tithyl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tithyl1","avibase-798648B9",null,null,"Moonda River, Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/348/mode/1up","Diceum Rushiae"],["22862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Pholidornis rushiae ussheri","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.529",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Togo (and southwestern Nigeria?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99187639",null,null,"Denkera, Ghana (in text) .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/573/mode/1up","Pholidornis ussheri"],["22863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Pholidornis rushiae rushiae","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61AB3B59",null,null,"Moonda River, Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/348/mode/1up","Diceum Rushiae"],["22864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Pholidornis rushiae bedfordi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33AF4A7C",null,null,"Santa Isabel, Fernando Po.","On two new species of birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/540/mode/1up","Pholidornis bedfordi"],["22865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hyliidae","Hylias","Pholidornis rushiae denti","Ogilvie-Grant, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Cameroon to Uganda and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBAC7F97",null,null,"Avakubi, Ituri district, Congo.","Description of five new species from the Congo Forest.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/465/mode/1up","Pholidornis denti"],["22866","family","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalidae",null,null,"Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Long-tailed Tits","Long-tailed Tits",null,null,null,null,null,null,"aegith2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aegith2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22867","genus","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Leptopoecile","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.135 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leptopoecile sophiae [Severtzov, 1873]; type by monotypy",null,null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Leptopoecile"],["22868","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Leptopoecile elegans","Przevalski, 1887","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 55 p.77","Crested Tit-warbler","Crested Tit-Warbler","Crested Tit-warbler",null,null,"coniferous forest of north-central China to Tibet and Sichuan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715190","crtwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crtwar1","avibase-42100244",null,null,"upper Huang Ho near Lake Koko Nor (= Ch'ing-hai Hu), northeastern Tsinghai.","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Leptopoecile elegans"],["22869","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Leptopoecile sophiae","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.135 pl.8 fig.8,9 (p.66 in key)","White-browed Tit-warbler","White-browed Tit-Warbler","White-browed Tit-warbler",null,null,"montane scrub and thicket in spruce and juniper forest from southeastern Kazakhstan and northwestern China southward to northern India, and patchy eastward through Himalayas to Tibetan Plateau and central China; irruptive southward and downslope in hard winters",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715186","wbtwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbtwar1","avibase-FCAE5D9C",null,null,"fir forest at Lake Issyk-Kul, Tien Shan.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Leptopoecile Sophiae"],["22870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Leptopoecile sophiae sophiae","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.135 pl.8 fig.8,9 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Asia to Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ABFBDD7",null,null,"fir forest at Lake Issyk-Kul, Tien Shan.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Leptopoecile Sophiae"],["22871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Leptopoecile sophiae stoliczkae","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.513-516",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Asia to western Gobi Desert",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADE83E6C",null,null,"'obtained at a very high elevation in Thibet by Forsyth's second Yarkand expedition'; restricted to Kichik Yailak, or 'Gidjik,' at the head of the Sanju River, Kwenlun (= Kunlun) Range, Sinkiang, by Hellmayr, 1929, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 117; see also Kinnear, 1933, Ibis, pp. 472-473.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/537/mode/1up","Stoliczkana Stoliczkae"],["22872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Leptopoecile sophiae major","Menzbier, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"Kazakhstan (eastern Tian Shan Mountains) to western China (Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11C55F91",null,null,"Taushkan-Darya, near Ush-turfan (= Wu-shih), western Sinkiang.","On the Birds of the Upper Tarim, Kashgarica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/397/mode/1up","Leptopoecile sophiae major"],["22873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Leptopoecile sophiae obscurus","Przevalski, 1887","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 55, no.1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to southern China (southeastern Xinjiang, Sichuan, and southern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-784202CE",null,null,"upper Yangtze River, southern Tsinghai","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Leptopoecile obscura"],["22874","genus","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31 p.478",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psaltriparus personatus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/488/mode/1up","Psaltriparus"],["22875","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.190","American Bushtit","Bushtit","American Bushtit",null,null,"disjunctly in varied habitats including mixed woodland, second growth, arid scrub, and coastal chaparral from southwestern British Columbia (southwestern Canada) southward to northern Baja California, and isolated in the southern tip of Baja California (northwestern Mexico), mountains of Mexico southward to southern Guatemala, and eastward to southeastern Colorado and central Texas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712028","bushti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bushti","avibase-AE37ED4D",null,null,"forests of Columbia River; probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/228/mode/1up","Parus minimus"],["22876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus saturatus","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern British Columbia, Puget Sound lowlands, and Whidbey Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13AD5884",null,null,"Mount Vernon, Washington",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19609#page/127/mode/1up","Psaltriparus minimus saturatus"],["22877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus minimus","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast west of the Cascades (northern Oregon to southern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A731D51",null,null,"forests of Columbia River; probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/228/mode/1up","Parus minimus"],["22878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus melanurus","Grinnell & Swarth, 1926","University of California Publications in Zoology 30 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California (northern San Diego County) to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EC89410",null,null,"San Jose (lat. 31°N.), 2,500 ft., Baja California, Mexico.","New subspecies of Birds (Penthestes, Baeolophus, Psaltriparus, Chamaea) from the Pacific Coast of North America.",null,"Psaltriparus minimus melanurus"],["22879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus grindae","Ridgway, 1883","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.360 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BE5BA5A",null,null,"Laguna (near Santiago), Cape district, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/169/mode/1up","Psaltriparus grindae"],["22880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus californicus","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"interior southern Oregon to southern California (Kern County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4DE532C",null,null,"Baird, Shasta County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/161/mode/1up","Psaltriparus minimus californicus"],["22881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus","(Baird, 1854)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.3 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Oregon and eastern California to Idaho, Wyoming, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB04F531",null,null,"Little Colorado River, New Mexico [= Little Colorado River, Arizona, vide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 349].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/140/mode/1up","Psaltria plumbea"],["22882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus dimorphicus","Van Rossem & Hachisuka, 1938","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Sinaloa and northern Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26D23D78",null,null,"Rancho Santa Barbara, 20 miles northeast of Guirocoba, southeastern Sonora, Mexico.","A dimorphic subspecies of the Bush-Tit from northwestern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28521#page/18/mode/1up","Psaltriparus minimus dimorphicus"],["22883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus iulus","Jouy, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.975 p.776",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Mexico (Durango to southern Jalisco and western Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70F2E72F",null,null,"Hacienda El Molino, southwestern Jalisco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/960/mode/1up","Psaltriparus melanotis iulus"],["22884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus personatus","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31, no.14 p.478",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Mexico (Michoacán to western Veracruz and Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEDE5608",null,null,"Les hautes montagnes du Mexique méridional",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/488/mode/1up","Ps[altriparus] personatus"],["22885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Psaltriparus minimus melanotis","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas) to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-441B4BD3",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/224/mode/1up","Parus melanotis"],["22886","genus","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos","Hermann, 1804","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.214",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pipra europaea [Hermann, 1804]; type by original designation and monotypy = Parus caudatus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Aegithalos"],["22887","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos leucogenys","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.374","White-cheeked Bushtit","White-cheeked Tit","White-cheeked Tit",null,null,"juniper and ilex scrub of western Kashmir, Afghanistan, and northern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712008","whctit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whctit1","avibase-AC5C8F67",null,null,"woods above Balu Chughur, 4,000 ft., Kunar River, eastern Afghanistan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/410/mode/1up","Orites leucogenys"],["22888","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos exilis","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.600 fig.4","Pygmy Bushtit","Pygmy Tit","Pygmy Tit","2025-0552","Taxon <em>exilis </em>is placed in the genus <em>Aegithalos </em>based on Johansson et al. (2016) with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data showing that <em>exilis </em>is embedded within the <em>A. concinnus</em> species complex. A comprehensive genomic review of the entire complex is required.","mountains of western and central Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712032","pygtit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygtit1","avibase-FC2CC96E",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/170/mode/1up","Psaltria exilis"],["22889","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus","(Gould, 1855)","The birds of Asia 2 pt7 pl.65","Black-throated Bushtit","Black-throated Tit",null,"2025-0550","Taxa <em>iredalei </em>(polytypic, including <em>rubricapillus</em>) and <em>annamensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Aegithalos concinnus</em> pending further research. Sometimes treated as separate species based on plumage and vocalizations, deep mitochondrial DNA divergences and paraphyly with <em>A. exilis</em> (Johansson et al. 2016) also indicate the presence of multiple species (Päckert et al. 2010; Dai et al. 2011; Dai et al. 2013). However, as not all relevant taxa have been studied, and extensive gene flow has been documented between some taxa (Dai et al. 2017), a taxonomic revision of this complex is deferred pending completion of a comprehensive genome-wide analysis.","foothill to montane deciduous forest edge, mixed forest, rhododendron scrub, and bamboo, from northern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China, and Taiwan, and southward to western Myanmar, northern Thailand, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,"blttit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blttit2","avibase-94C5E135",null,null,"Chusan, Chekiang, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118636#page/269/mode/1up","Psaltria concinna"],["22890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus iredalei","(Stuart Baker, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (northeastern Pakistan to northwestern India and Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE163E07",null,null,"Simla.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/39/mode/1up","Aegithaliscus concinna iredalei"],["22891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus rubricapillus","(Ticehurst, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas from Nepal and southern Tibet to northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FE59F34",null,null,"Sikkim.","Descriptions of new races of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/58/mode/1up","Aegithaliscus concinna rubricapillus"],["22892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus manipurensis","(Hume, 1888)","Stray Feathers 11, no.1-4 p.254,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southeastern Arunachal Pradesh) to western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AB611C7",null,null,"Manipur Hills.","The Birds of Manipur, Assam, Sylhet and Cachar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94507#page/272/mode/1up","Aegithaliscus manipurensis"],["22893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus talifuensis","(Rippon, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southwestern China, northwestern Vietnam, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-157AB116",null,null,"Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Tali, northwestern Yunnan.","On a new species of Tit from Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/498/mode/1up","Aegithaliscus talifuensis"],["22894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus pulchellus","(Rippon, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar (Southern Shan State and Kayah) to far northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE202C12",null,null,"Nanoi, Loi Ma, southern Shan States, Burma.","[Description of new species of birds from the Shan States].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/169/mode/1up","Aegithaliscus pulchellus"],["22895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus concinnus","(Gould, 1855)","The birds of Asia 2 pt7 pl.65",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern China and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0CA5E97",null,null,"Chusan, Chekiang, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118636#page/269/mode/1up","Psaltria concinna"],["22896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos concinnus annamensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.606",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau) and Vietnam (central and southern Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ED19F0D",null,null,"Liangbian Peaks, 6,500 ft., southern Annam, Indo-China.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/716/mode/1up","Aegithaliscus annamensis"],["22897","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos glaucogularis","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.268 p.140","Silver-throated Bushtit","Silver-throated Tit","Silver-throated Tit",null,null,"lowland to montane forest edge and scrub from central China eastward to eastern China, and southward to south-central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103871974","lottit5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lottit5","avibase-67134AC3",null,null,"China ; restricted to Shanghai by Gould, 1855, Birds Asia, 2, pl. 69.","Descriptions of three new species of Titmice.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/444/mode/1up","Orites (?) glaucogularis"],["22898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos glaucogularis vinaceus","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western China (Liaoning to Gansu, Qinghai, and northern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1D5AF00",null,null,"Ourato, Kansu, northwestern China.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/341/mode/1up","Mecistura vinacea"],["22899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos glaucogularis glaucogularis","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.268 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (mountains of western Sichuan to Yangtze delta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-581C74F5",null,null,"China ; restricted to Shanghai by Gould, 1855, Birds Asia, 2, pl. 69.","Descriptions of three new species of Titmice.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/444/mode/1up","Orites (?) glaucogularis"],["22900","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190","Long-tailed Tit","Long-tailed Tit","Long-tailed Tit",null,null,"lowland to submontane coniferous and mixed woodland, willow thickets, and heathland, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Kamchatka, and southward to southern Europe, Caucasus, southwestern Iran, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to northern Ryukyu Islands); some northern populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103871923","lottit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lottit1","avibase-547163C2",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus caudatus"],["22901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus caudatus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia and northeastern Europe to Siberia, northern China, Korean Peninsula, and northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7F0B736",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus caudatus"],["22902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus rosaceus","Mathews, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1314A41A",null,null,"Selborne, Hampshire, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/80/mode/1up","Aegithalos caudatus rosaceus"],["22903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus europaeus","(Hermann, 1804)","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"France and Germany to northern Italy, western Romania, and northern Bulgaria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-929A18B9",null,null,"Basel, Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200985#page/216/mode/1up","Pipra ? europaea"],["22904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus aremoricus","Whistler, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"western France, Channel Islands, and Île d'Yeu (off western France)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5974FAE6",null,null,"Loudiac, Brittany, northwestern France.","Description of a new race of Long-tailed Tit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/123/mode/1up","Aegithalos caudatus aremoricus"],["22905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus taiti","Ingram, 1913","The Zoologist p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southwestern France to northwestern Spain and Portugal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1914722",null,null,"Coimbra, Portugal.","Description of a new form of Long-tailed Tit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127165#page/173/mode/1up","Aegithalos caudatus taiti"],["22906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus irbii","(Sharpe & Dresser, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.312-313",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Spain, Portugal, and Corsica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AEC2A9B",null,null,"Gibraltar.","On a new Species of Long-tailed Titmouse from Southern Europe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/398/mode/1up","Acredula irbii"],["22907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus italiae","Jourdain, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"mainland Italy and southwestern Slovenia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-232D18C8",null,null,"Cremona, northern Italy.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Long-tailed Titmouse from Italy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/67/mode/1up","Aegithalos caudatus italiae"],["22908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus siculus","(Whitaker, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Sicily",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E8028EB",null,null,"Sicily.","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Long-tailed Titmouse from the interior of Sicily].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/210/mode/1up","Acredula sicula"],["22909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus macedonicus","(Salvadori & Dresser, 1892)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.4 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe (Balkans)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-511555EB",null,null,"Mount Olympus, 'Macedonia.","Acredula macedonica sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/41/mode/1up","Acredula macedonica"],["22910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus tephronotus","(Günther, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.1 p.95-98, pl. IV",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C4BA175",null,null,"Havancore, Asiatic side of Bosphorus.","Description of a new Species of Long-tailed Titmouse from Asia Minor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/121/mode/1up","Orites tephronotus"],["22911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus tauricus","(Menzbier, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Crimean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDD97A31",null,null,"Jaila Mountains, Crimea.","On new species of Paridae from the Crimea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/421/mode/1up","Acredula rosea taurica"],["22912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus major","(Radde, 1884)","Ornis Caucasica. Die Vogelwelt des Kaukasus systematisch und biologisch-geographisch beschrieben p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus to western and central Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF1BA4F9",null,null,"Tiflis and source of Schamchor, Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124781#page/172/mode/1up","Acredula tephronota var. major"],["22913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus alpinus","(Hablizl, 1783)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 3 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Azerbaijan to northern Iran and southwestern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED242EAB",null,null,"mountains of Gilan Province, northern Iran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102975#page/58/mode/1up","Parus alpinus"],["22914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus passekii","(Zarudny, 1904)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Zagros Mountains (southwestern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D400EB4A",null,null,"mountains between Iranian plateau and Mesopotamian plain, southwestern Iran.","Beschreibung zweier neuen Formen aus Süd-West Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/180/mode/1up","Acredula tephronota passekii"],["22915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus trivirgatus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.71, pl.34",null,null,null,null,null,"central Japan (Honshu, Awa-shima, Sado, and Oki); Jeju Island (South Korea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E756EC8",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/81/mode/1up","Parus (Megisturus) trivirgatus"],["22916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus kiusiuensis","Kuroda, 1923","The Auk 40, no.2 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu, and Yakushima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E097ED6",null,null,"Imazu, Chikuzen Province, northern Kyushu, Japan.","Description of two apparently new forms of Aegithalos caudatus from Japan and Korea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol40/iss2/12/","Aegithalos caudatus kiusiuensis"],["22917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos caudatus magnus","(Clark, 1907)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32, no.1539 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"South Korea and Tsushima Islands (Kamino-shima and Shimono-shima, southwestern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67DD3B45",null,null,"Seoul, Korea.","Eighteen new species and one new genus of birds from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53434#page/563/mode/1up","Acredula trivirgata magna"],["22918","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos niveogularis","(Gould, 1855)","The birds of Asia 2 pt7 pl.67","White-throated Bushtit","White-throated Tit","White-throated Tit",null,null,"birch and pine forest of northern Pakistan and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712016","whttit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttit1","avibase-E6E37DE5",null,null,"northern India ; restricted to northern Punjab by Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit, no. 1853, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118636#page/277/mode/1up","Acanthiparus niveogularis"],["22919","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos fuliginosus","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.39","Sooty Bushtit","Sooty Tit","Sooty Tit",null,null,"mountains of central China (Sichuan, southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, and southwestern Hubei)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712024","sootit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sootit1","avibase-2DAF0C85",null,null,"eastern Tibet [= western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1872, ihid., 7, p. 57].","Notes sur quelques oiseaux considérés comme nouveaux provenant du voyage de M. l'Abbé Armand David dans le Thibet oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/341/mode/1up","Mecistura fuliginosa"],["22920","species","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos iouschistos","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.943","Black-browed Bushtit","Black-browed Tit",null,"2025-0551","Taxa <em>bonvaloti </em>(polytypic, including <em>obscuratus</em>) and <em>sharpei </em>(monotypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Aegithalos iouschistos</em> based on similarities in plumage and limited divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Päckert et al. 2010; Johansson et al. 2016).","eastern Nepal eastward in narrow band along southern flank of Himalayas to at least Bhutan, extending north of main range to southwestern China (southeastern Tibet eastward to the Yi’ong Zangbo and Po Tsangpo), possibly also northwestern Arunachal Pradesh, and southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria)",null,null,null,"bkbtit3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbtit3","avibase-BBE88519",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/489/mode/1up","Parus iouschistos"],["22921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos iouschistos iouschistos","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.943",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Nepal to northern India and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D456F669",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/489/mode/1up","Parus iouschistos"],["22922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos iouschistos bonvaloti","(Oustalet, 1892)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Tibet to Sichuan and Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3F4DE80",null,null,"Tatsienlu [= Kangting] , eastern Sikang, China.","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/296/mode/1up","Acredula Bonvaloti"],["22923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos iouschistos obscuratus","(Mayr, 1940)","Ibis ser.14, vol.4, no.4 p.705",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western China (Sungpan region of northeastern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EFC6E0B",null,null,"Chengou Forks, 7,600 ft., 30 miles west of Wenchwan, 'Sungpan district [errorel, northern Szechwan' [= western Szechwan] .","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part I.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb00032.x","Aegithaliscus iouschistos obscuratus"],["22924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Aegithalidae","Tit-warblers, Bushtits, and Long-tailed Tit","Aegithalos iouschistos sharpei","(Rippon, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B70389E9",null,null,"Mount Victoria, southern Chin Hills, Burma.","On new species of birds from the Southern Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/572/mode/1up","Aegithaliscus sharpei"],["22925","family","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercidae",null,null,"Yellow Flycatchers","Yellow Flycatchers","Yellow Flycatchers","2025-0956","The family Erythrocercidae is recognized for the genus <em>Erythrocercus </em>based on divergence in multilocus (Fregin et al. 2012) and genomic DNA (Oliveros et al. 2019) data, supported by behavioral differences. <em>Scotocerca</em>, however, is combined with <em>Cettia</em> and relatives in a single family, Cettiidae.",null,null,null,null,"yelfly10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelfly10/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22926","genus","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.97",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pycnophrys mccallii [Cassin, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Erythrocercus"],["22927","species","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus mccallii","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.326","Chestnut-capped Flycatcher","Chestnut-capped Flycatcher","Chestnut-capped Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary forest from southwestern Mali and Guinea eastward to western Uganda, and southward through Gabon to western Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707008","chcfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcfly1","avibase-9EB7EBA9",null,null,"Moonda (= Mondah) River, Western Africa = Gabon.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/349/mode/1up","Pycnosphrys McCallii"],["22928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus mccallii nigeriae","Bannerman, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"dense forest of Sierra Leone to Guinea and southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0451664B",null,null,"Iju waterworks, near Lagos, southern Nigeria.","Exhibition and descriptions of seven new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/35/mode/1up","Erythrocercus maccalli nigeriae"],["22929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus mccallii mccallii","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67DB2BD0",null,null,"Moonda (= Mondah) River, Western Africa = Gabon.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/349/mode/1up","Pycnosphrys McCallii"],["22930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus mccallii congicus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ABC1DC7",null,null,"forest, eastern Congo Free State; altitude 3,000 feet. Type from Irumu, Ituri Forest, fide Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 19, p. 403.","Description of five new species from the Congo Forest.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/465/mode/1up","Erythrocercus congicus"],["22931","species","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus holochlorus","Erlanger, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.181","Little Yellow Flycatcher","Yellow Flycatcher","Little Yellow Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and secondary coastal forest, and riparian thickets, from southern Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707012","yelfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelfly2","avibase-847AE7B8",null,null,"Salole, Juba River, Italian Somaliland.","Einige neue Arten aus Nordostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/199/mode/1up","Erythrocercus holochlorus"],["22932","species","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus livingstonei","Gray, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.303","Livingstone's Flycatcher","Livingstone's Flycatcher","Livingstone's Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill gallery forest, and miombo and mopane woodland, from southern Tanzania southward through southern Zambia and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22707017","livfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/livfly1","avibase-F6DBAE37",null,null,"Zambezi; restricted to Zumbo, Zambia-Mozambique border, by Irwin, 1957, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 77, p. 119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/325/mode/1up","Erythrocercus Livingstonei"],["22933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus livingstonei thomsoni","Shelley, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.303, pl. XVI, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08DBD244",null,null,"Ruvuma River, Tanzania/Mozambique.","List of the Birds sent home by Mr. Joseph Thomson from the River Rovuma, East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/371/mode/1up","Erythrocercus thomsoni"],["22934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus livingstonei livingstonei","Gray, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia to Zimbabwe and northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08362DE5",null,null,"Zambezi; restricted to Zumbo, Zambia-Mozambique border, by Irwin, 1957, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 77, p. 119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/325/mode/1up","Erythrocercus Livingstonei"],["22935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Erythrocercidae","Yellow Flycatchers","Erythrocercus livingstonei francisi","Sclater, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi and Mozambique (southward to Limpopo River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDAB0FFE",null,null,"Inhambane, Mozambique.","[Description of a new species of Flycatcher from Inhambane].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/498/mode/1up","Erythrocercus francisi"],["22936","family","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettiidae",null,null,"Bush Warblers and allies","Bush Warblers and Allies","Bush-warblers","2025-0956","The family Erythrocercidae is recognized for the genus <em>Erythrocercus </em>based on divergence in multilocus (Fregin et al. 2012) and genomic DNA (Oliveros et al. 2019) data, supported by behavioral differences. <em>Scotocerca</em>, however, is combined with <em>Cettia</em> and relatives in a single family, Cettiidae.",null,null,null,null,"scotoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scotoc1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["22937","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca","Sundevall, 1872","Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Malurus inquietus [Rüppell]; type by original designation and monotypy = Malurus inquietus Cretzschmar, 1830",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214645#page/89/mode/1up","Scotocerca"],["22938","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.55 pl.36 fig.b","Streaked Scrub Warbler","Streaked Scrub-Warbler","Streaked Scrub-warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane arid scrub, day grassland, including rocky steppe, and vegetated sandy plain, from Mauritania and Morocco eastward to coastal Libya, and in northeastern Egypt and Arabian Peninsula, and in southern Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan southward to southern Iran and southern Pakistan; some post-breeding dispersal in northern populations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713547","stswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stswar1","avibase-FCF07F05",null,null,"Arabia Petraea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/287/mode/1up","Malurus inquietus"],["22939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta theresae","Meinertzhagen, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and southern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B5462DD",null,null,"near Izakarm, Moroccan Sahara.","New Species and Races from Morocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/95/mode/1up","Scotocerca inquieta theresae"],["22940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta saharae","(Loche, 1858)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.395-396, pl. 11, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco to Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7871D45B",null,null,"Algerian Sahara near the M'Zab.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux découvertes dans le Sahara algérien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/399/mode/1up","Malurus Saharae"],["22941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta inquieta","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.55 pl.36 fig.b",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of eastern Egypt and northern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0CF262A",null,null,"Arabia Petraea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/287/mode/1up","Malurus inquietus"],["22942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta grisea","Bates, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"western Saudi Arabia, eastern Yemen, and Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1D04095",null,null,"Mafraq Buraim, on the eastern edge of the Taif Plateau; altitude 4,000 feet.","On interesting Birds recently sent to the British Museum from Arabia by Mr. H. St. J. B. Philby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/59/mode/1up","Scotocerca inquieta grisea"],["22943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta buryi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CA09F5E",null,null,"Dthubiyat, Upper Haushabi, southern Arabia.","On two new birds from South Arabia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/392/mode/1up","Scotocerca buryi"],["22944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta montana","Stepanyan, 1970","Biologicheskie Nauky. Nachnye Doklady Shkoly. Moskva no.11 (83) p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Turkmenistan to western Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EB12B83",null,null,"Baba-Tag, Turgak, Central Asia, USSR.","Scotocerki (Scotocerca inquieta Cretzschmar, Aves, Sylviidae) Srednei Azii.",null,"Scotocerca inquieta montana"],["22945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta platyura","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaspia to southern Uzbekistan, northern Turkmenistan, and western Tajikistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16E0F2EA",null,null,"east coast of the Caspian Sea, Transcaspia.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Atraphornis platyura"],["22946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Scotocerca inquieta striata","(Brooks, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.180-181",null,null,null,null,null,"Iran to Baluchistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C4BED6A",null,null,"Naoshera, Punjab.","On a new Sylvia from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/214/mode/1up","Melizophilus striatus"],["22947","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Hemitesia","Chapin, 1948","The Auk 65, no.2 p.292",null,null,null,"2025-0321","Taxon <em>neumanni </em>(monotypic) and taxon <em>pallidipes </em>(polytypic) are placed together in the genus <em>Hemitesia </em>based on deep genetic divergence from <em>Urosphena sensu stricto</em> in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and vocalizations which are clearly separable from the latter (Alström et al. 2011).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvietta neumanni [Rothschild, 1908]; type by original designation",null,"The Systematic Position of Xenocopsychus Ansorgei","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol65/iss2/19/","Hemitesia"],["22948","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Hemitesia neumanni","(Rothschild, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.42","Neumann's Warbler","Neumann's Warbler","Neumann's Warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane forest understory, riparian thickets, and swamp-forest, in Albertine Rift highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715145","neuwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neuwar1","avibase-D86EAD92",null,null,"forest west of Lake Tanganyika, Belgian Congo; altitude 2,000 meters.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Crombec from Lake Tanganyika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/414/mode/1up","Sylvietta neumanni"],["22949","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Hemitesia pallidipes","(Blanford, 1872)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.2 p.162, pl.7","Pale-footed Bush Warbler","Pale-footed Bush Warbler","Pale-footed Bush-warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane bracken scrub, tall grass in clearings, and secondary scrub, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to northern Thailand and central Laos, in southern Vietnam, and on Andaman Islands; some montane populations move downslope post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714371","pfbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pfbwar1","avibase-E87512DF",null,null,"Sikkim.","Notes on a collection of birds from Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/172/mode/1up","Phylloscopus pallidipes"],["22950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Hemitesia pallidipes pallidipes","(Blanford, 1872)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.2 p.162, pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAFEEC54",null,null,"Sikkim.","Notes on a collection of birds from Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/172/mode/1up","Phylloscopus pallidipes"],["22951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Hemitesia pallidipes laurentei","(La Touche, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern China; winters to northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23A384DD",null,null,"Poutoutsing, southeastern Yunnan; altitude 2,700 feet.","Descriptions of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/252/mode/1up","Urosphena laurentei"],["22952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Hemitesia pallidipes osmastoni","(Hartert, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A97125D5",null,null,"Port Blair, Andaman Islands.","Description of a new subspecies of warbler from the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/133/mode/1up","Horeites pallidipes osmastoni"],["22953","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Urosphena","Swinhoe, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.2 p.204 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tribura squameiceps [Swinhoe, 1863]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/242/mode/1up","Urosphena"],["22954","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Urosphena subulata","(Sharpe, 1884)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 6 p.179","Timor Stubtail","Timor Stubtail","Timor Stubtail",null,null,"Rote to Wetar, Timor, and Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714362","timstu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timstu1","avibase-6A661300",null,null,"Timor.","On an apparently undescribed genus of Wrens from Timor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37327#page/193/mode/1up","Orthnocichla subulata"],["22955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Urosphena subulata subulata","(Sharpe, 1884)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 6 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Wetar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-786641C8",null,null,"Timor.","On an apparently undescribed genus of Wrens from Timor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37327#page/193/mode/1up","Orthnocichla subulata"],["22956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Urosphena subulata advena","(Hartert, 1906)","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.298-299",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1534B0E7",null,null,"Tepa, Babber Island = Babar.","On the birds of the Island of Babber.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/312/mode/1up","Orthnocichla subulata advena"],["22957","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Urosphena whiteheadi","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.478","Bornean Stubtail","Bornean Stubtail","Bornean Stubtail",null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo (Kinabalu to Liang Kubung)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714365","borstu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borstu1","avibase-C83F6098",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo.","Diagnoses of some new Species of Birds obtained on the Mountain of Kina Balu by Mr. John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/506/mode/1up","Orthnocichla whiteheadi"],["22958","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Urosphena squameiceps","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.292","Asian Stubtail","Asian Stubtail","Asian Stubtail",null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia (southern Ussuriland), northeastern China (southeastern Heilongjiang, Jilin, and eastern Liaoning), Korean Peninsula, southern Sakhalin, southern Kuril Islands, and Japan southward to Yakushima; non-breeding southeastern China, Taiwan, and southeastern Asia southward to northern Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714368","asistu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asistu1","avibase-1A0CF540",null,null,"Canton.","Catalogue of the Birds of China, with Remarks principally on their Geographical Distribution.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/374/mode/1up","Tribura squameiceps"],["22959","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tesia cyaniventer [Hodgson, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 27).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/149/mode/1up","Tesia"],["22960","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia cyaniventer","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.101","Grey-bellied Tesia","Gray-bellied Tesia","Grey-bellied Tesia",null,null,"Nepal to southern China (western Yunnan and Guangxi), southeastern Asia, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714353","gybtes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybtes1","avibase-FD0F40FE",null,null,"Nepal.","On three new Genera or sub-Genera of long-legged Thrushes, with descriptions of their species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/149/mode/1up","Tesia cyaniventer"],["22961","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia olivea","(McClelland, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.161","Slaty-bellied Tesia","Slaty-bellied Tesia","Slaty-bellied Tesia",null,null,"eastern Nepal and northeastern India (Assam and Arunachal Pradesh) eastward to southern China (southeastern Tibet, south-central Sichuan, Yunnan, eastern Guizhou, and eastern Guangxi) and northern southeastern Asia eastward to northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714350","slbtes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbtes1","avibase-CD13049C",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/691/mode/1up","Saxicola? olivea"],["22962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia olivea olivea","(McClelland, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal and northeastern India (Assam and Arunachal Pradesh) eastward to southern China (southeastern Tibet, south-central Sichuan, Yunnan, eastern Guizhou, and eastern Guangxi) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27B7BFA4",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/691/mode/1up","Saxicola? olivea"],["22963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia olivea chiangmaiensis","Renner, Rappole, Rasmussen et al., 2008","Journal für Ornithologie 149 439-450",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Thailand, northern and central Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BD8667C",null,null,"Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand","A new subspecies of Tesia olivea (Sylviidae) from Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225239985","Tesia olivea chiangmaiensis"],["22964","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia superciliaris","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.258","Javan Tesia","Javan Tesia","Javan Tesia",null,null,"montane forest of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714356","javtes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javtes1","avibase-0195424E",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/408/mode/1up","Microura superciliaris"],["22965","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia everetti","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.170","Russet-capped Tesia","Russet-capped Tesia","Russet-capped Tesia",null,null,"montane western and central Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714359","ructes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ructes1","avibase-39EECA04",null,null,"Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/188/mode/1up","Orthnocichla everetti"],["22966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia everetti everetti","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D55F0817",null,null,"Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/188/mode/1up","Orthnocichla everetti"],["22967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tesia everetti sumbawana","(Rensch, 1928)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumbawa (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0142AF52",null,null,"Batoe Doelang (= Batudulang), Sumbawa; altitude 800-1,000 meters.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Kleinen Sunda Inseln II. Aus den Ergebnissen der Sunda-Expedition.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0047-0049.pdf#page=2","Orthnocichla everetti sumbawana"],["22968","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia","Bonaparte, 1834","Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati 1, fasc.9 textpl.29 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia cetti [Marmora, 1820]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Sylvia cetti Temminck, 1820  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180238#page/267/mode/1up","Cettia"],["22969","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia cetti","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.194","Cetti's Warbler","Cetti's Warbler","Cetti's Warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill reedy swamps, willow thicket and bramble, and riparian tangles, from southern Britain and Iberia eastward through southern Europe to Caucasus, Kazakhstan, and adjacent southern Russian and western China, and southward to northwestern Africa, Jordan, Iran, and Afghanistan; some eastern populations migrate to Middle East, southern Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714445","cetwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cetwar1","avibase-F3E9CE95",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/322/mode/1up","Sylvia cetti"],["22970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia cetti cetti","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Europe to Türkiye and North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-155004D7",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/322/mode/1up","Sylvia cetti"],["22971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia cetti orientalis","Tristram, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Türkiye to Crimea, northern Iran (Zagros Mountains), and northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8784DE66",null,null,"Palestine.","On the Ornithology of Palestine. Part V.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/97/mode/1up","Cettia (Potamodus) orientalis"],["22972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia cetti albiventris","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Iran to Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and western Xinjiang",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAACD4B3",null,null,"Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan.",null,"http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Cettia albiventris"],["22973","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia major","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.323","Chestnut-crowned Bush Warbler","Chestnut-crowned Bush Warbler","Chestnut-crowned Bush-warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane undergrowth in forest, and rhododendron scrub at or above tree-line, from northern India eastward through Himalaya to Tibet and central China, and southward to northeastern India and northern Myanmar; altitudinal migrant downslope post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714423","ccbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ccbwar1","avibase-B9A707A5",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/359/mode/1up","Horeites major"],["22974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia major major","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to northeastern India, southeastern Tibet, Myanmar, and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33DAC50B",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/359/mode/1up","Horeites major"],["22975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia major vafra","(Koelz, 1954)","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Meghalaya and Cachar hills of Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3629A8C2",null,null,"Phulbari, Garo Hills, Assam.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Homochlamys major vafer"],["22976","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia castaneocoronata","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.152","Chestnut-headed Tesia","Chestnut-headed Tesia","Chestnut-headed Tesia",null,null,"foothill to montane understory in forest, dense moist ravines with ferns, and bamboo scrub, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to southern China and northern Vietnam, and southward to northeastern Bangladesh, western Myanmar, and western Thailand; altitudinal dispersal downslope post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714347","chhtes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhtes1","avibase-1884A2A5",null,null,"no locality = Himalayas, fide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 798; restricted to Nepal by Ripley, 1961, Synop. Birds India Pakistan, p. 441.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/330/mode/1up","Sylvia? castaneo-coronata"],["22977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia castaneocoronata castaneocoronata","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to Bangladesh, northern Myanmar, southern Tibet, and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BE9432B",null,null,"no locality = Himalayas, fide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 798; restricted to Nepal by Ripley, 1961, Synop. Birds India Pakistan, p. 441.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/330/mode/1up","Sylvia? castaneo-coronata"],["22978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia castaneocoronata abadiei","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19C2FA5B",null,null,"Chapa (Tonkin); altitude 1,600 meters.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Tesia castaneocoronata abadiei"],["22979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia castaneocoronata ripleyi","(Deignan, 1951)","Postilla 7 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to southwestern China (Sichuan and Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6233171D",null,null,"Likiang Mountains, Yunnan Province, China.","New passerine birds from the Indo-Chinese subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/67/mode/1up","Oligura castaneo-coronata ripleyi"],["22980","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia brunnifrons","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.29","Grey-sided Bush Warbler","Gray-sided Bush Warbler","Grey-sided Bush-warbler",null,null,"montane undergrowth and rhododendron scrub at forest edge, willow thickets, and bamboo, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern Tibet, and southward to northeastern Myanmar; altitudinal migrant downslope post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714440","gysbuw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gysbuw1","avibase-5FA90F20",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/243/mode/1up","Orthotomus (Prinia) brunnifrons"],["22981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia brunnifrons brunnifrons","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Garhwal to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE46A51B",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/243/mode/1up","Orthotomus (Prinia) brunnifrons"],["22982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia brunnifrons whistleri","(Ticehurst, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Himalayas (Kashmir to Garhwal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD8C75E0",null,null,"Simla.","Descriptions of new forms from Iraq and India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/56/mode/1up","Horeites brunnifrons whistleri"],["22983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Cettia brunnifrons umbratica","(Stuart Baker, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh), southern China (southeastern Tibet, western Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan), and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DAA1F00",null,null,"Shweli (= Lung Chu'an Chiang)-Salween Divide, west-central Yunnan.","Description of new races of Warblers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/91/mode/1up","Horeites brunnifrons umbraticus"],["22984","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus","Stuart Baker, 1930","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. Ed.2, 7 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Abrornis superciliaris [Blyth, 1859]; type by subsequent designation (Hartert & Steinbacher, 1934, Vögel Pal. Fauna Ergänzungsband [heft 3], p. 239).",null,null,"https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.19238/page/191/mode/2up","Abroscopus"],["22985","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris","(Blyth, 1859)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.414","Yellow-bellied Warbler","Yellow-bellied Warbler","Yellow-bellied Warbler",null,null,"lowland to submontane understory of evergreen forest, and bamboo by streams, from eastern Nepal eastward through Himalayan foothills to south-central China, and southward through Indochina to Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731005","yebwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebwar1","avibase-A8F5D21F",null,null,"'mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces' = woods of Teewap'hado, altitude 1,100 feet, fide Tickell, 1859, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 28, p. 453.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/426/mode/1up","Abrornis superciliaris"],["22986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris flaviventris","(Jerdon, 1863)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, northeastern India, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6A614D2",null,null,"Darjeeling.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/217/mode/1up","Abrornis flaviventris"],["22987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris drasticus","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.4 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh) to northern Myanmar; winters southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DCD3F82",null,null,"Margherita, Lakhimpur district, Assam, India.","The races of the White-throated Flycatcher Warbler [Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/34/mode/1up","Abroscopus superciliaris drasticus"],["22988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris smythiesi","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.4 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (central Ayeyarwady basin from Pakokku to Prome)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-178C31AB",null,null,"Dudaw Taung, Pakokku district, Magwe Division, Burma; altitude 2,133 feet.","The races of the White-throated Flycatcher Warbler [Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/35/mode/1up","Abroscopus superciliaris smythiesi"],["22989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris superciliaris","(Blyth, 1859)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Yunnan) to Myanmar, western Thailand, and northwestern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4A88663",null,null,"'mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces' = woods of Teewap'hado, altitude 1,100 feet, fide Tickell, 1859, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 28, p. 453.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/426/mode/1up","Abrornis superciliaris"],["22990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris euthymus","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.4 p.22-23",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-598832F6",null,null,"Pakha, Laokay (= Lao Cai) Province, Tongkin; altitude 3,281 feet.","The races of the White-throated Flycatcher Warbler [Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/36/mode/1up","Abroscopus superciliaris euthymus"],["22991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris bambusarum","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.4 p.23-24",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand (Isthmus of Kra to Phangnga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-176BF4A5",null,null,"Khao Phanom Bencha, peninsular Siam, lat. 8° 15' N., long. 98° 55' E.","The races of the White-throated Flycatcher Warbler [Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/37/mode/1up","Abroscopus superciliaris bambusarum"],["22992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris sakaiorum","(Stresemann, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula (southern Thailand to Negeri Sembilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C44F1BC9",null,null,"Upper Batang-Padang Valley, Malay Peninsula; altitude 3,000 feet.","On behalf of Mr. E. Stresemann, on a new species of Flycatcher from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/53/mode/1up","Abrornis sakaiorum"],["22993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris papilio","Deignan, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.4 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7A4C16C",null,null,"Medan, Deli district, northern Sumatra.","The races of the White-throated Flycatcher Warbler [Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/39/mode/1up","Abroscopus superciliaris papilio"],["22994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris schwaneri","(Blyth, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94E533F4",null,null,"Borneo = Banjermassing (= Bandjarmasin), Borneo, fide Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4, p. 403.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/191/mode/1up","Abrornis schwaneri"],["22995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus superciliaris vordermani","(Büttikofer, 1893)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XV, Note XXXVI p.260-261",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CF134D6",null,null,"eastern Java = Ijang Mountains, near Banjuwangi, Besuki Residency, eastern Java, fide Deignan, 1947, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 60, p. 25.","On two new species of birds from Java and Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/272/mode/1up","Cryptolopha Vordermani"],["22996","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus schisticeps","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.67,153","Black-faced Warbler","Black-faced Warbler","Black-faced Warbler",null,null,"foothill and submontane broadleaf evergreen forest with moss-covered trees, shrubby ravine, and bamboo thickets, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayan foothills to south-central China, and southward to northwestern and northeastern Myanmar, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715454","blfwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfwar1","avibase-0FD03AFF",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/83/mode/1up","Culicipeta schisticeps"],["22997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus schisticeps schisticeps","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.67,153",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal to Sikkim and northeastern India (Darjeeling)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98B9E44B",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/83/mode/1up","Culicipeta schisticeps"],["22998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus schisticeps flavimentalis","(Stuart Baker, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to northeastern India and southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Mount Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5677D51A",null,null,"Mt. Victoria.","Description of new races of Warblers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/91/mode/1up","Abrornis schisticeps flavimentalis"],["22999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus schisticeps ripponi","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Sichuan and Yunnan) to eastern Myanmar and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAF41D10",null,null,"Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Tali-fu, western Yunnan; altitude 8,000 feet.","On new birds from Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/381/mode/1up","Abrornis ripponi"],["23000","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus albogularis","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.340","Rufous-faced Warbler","Rufous-faced Warbler","Rufous-faced Warbler",null,null,"foothill understory of evergreen forest, and bamboo thickets, from eastern Nepal eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, and southward to western Thailand, southern Laos, and adjacent Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715451","rufwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufwar1","avibase-684016CB",null,null,"Nepal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/376/mode/1up","Abrornis albogularis"],["23001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus albogularis albogularis","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, northeastern India, Bangladesh, Yunnan, and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11C7C1D6",null,null,"Nepal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/376/mode/1up","Abrornis albogularis"],["23002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus albogularis hugonis","Deignan, 1938","The Auk 55, no.3 p.510",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-107FDFC6",null,null,"Pang Me Ton (= Ban Mae Tom ?), northern Siam.","Two new Birds from the Kingdom of Siam.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol55/iss3/13/","Abroscopus albogularis hugonis"],["23003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Abroscopus albogularis fulvifacies","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (including Hainan) to northern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA9EBCF5",null,null,"'mountainous sides of the river [Yangtze] in Szechuen, about Chungechow [Chung-hsien] and above.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds procured during a cruise up the River Yangtsze (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/176/mode/1up","Abrornis fulvifacies"],["23004","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Orthotomus euculatus [[sic] Temminck, 1836] = Phyllergates cucullatus",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/249/mode/1up","Phyllergates"],["23005","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates heterolaemus","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.86","Rufous-headed Tailorbird","Rufous-headed Tailorbird","Rufous-headed Tailorbird",null,null,"mountains of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714979","ruhtai2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhtai2","avibase-CB0748F4",null,null,"Mt. Apo, Mindanao, Philippine Islands; altitude 6,700 feet.","Descriptions of eight new Philippine birds, with notes on other species new to the islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/104/mode/1up","Phyllergates heterolaemus"],["23006","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.599 fig.3,text","Mountain Tailorbird","Mountain Tailorbird","Mountain Tailorbird",null,null,"foothill to submontane understory of evergreen forest, bamboo thickets, from northeastern India and Bhutan eastward through Himalayan foothills to southeastern China, and southward to Philippines, Greater Sundas and Lesser Sundas (eastward to Flores), Sulawesi, and adjacent Wallacean islands; Himalayan populations move downslope post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714976","moutai2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moutai2","avibase-39C48CCA",null,null,"Java and Sumatra; inferentially restricted to Java by Salvadori, 1891, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 32, p. 67.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/287/mode/1up","Orthotomus euculatus"],["23007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus coronatus","(Blyth, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Nepal to northeastern India, southwestern China, northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90A895FE",null,null,"Sikkim = Darjeeling, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 230.","Notes on some Birds collected by Dr. Jerdon in Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/274/mode/1up","Orthotomus coronatus"],["23008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus thais","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of peninsular Thailand (south of Isthmus of Kra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6DE1C82",null,null,"Khao Luang, Nakhon Si Thammarat; altitude 5,000-5,800 feet.","Eleven new Oriental Birds.",null,"Phyllergates cucullatus thais"],["23009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus malayanus","Chasen, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1880D2CF",null,null,"Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border, Malaya; altitude 2,400-4,500 feet.","Vier neue Vogelrassen aus Malaysia.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0005-0008.pdf#page=3","Phyllergates cucullatus malayanus"],["23010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus cucullatus","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.599 fig.3,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEC54A4F",null,null,"Java and Sumatra; inferentially restricted to Java by Salvadori, 1891, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 32, p. 67.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/287/mode/1up","Orthotomus euculatus"],["23011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus cinereicollis","Sharpe, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Borneo (Kinabalu to Mount Mulu and Tama Abu Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75115576",null,null,"Kinabalu, Borneo.","Diagnoses of some new Species of Birds obtained on the Mountain of Kina Balu by Mr. John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/507/mode/1up","Phyllergates cinereicollis"],["23012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus viridicollis","(Salomonsen, 1962)","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 56, Noona Dan papers no.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7EF1294",null,null,"Mt. Mataling (= Mantaling), Mantalingajan Range, Palawan Island; altitude 1,250 meters.","The Mountain Bird Fauna of Palawan, Philippine Islands.","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1241/download/doft-56-1962-129-134-the-mountain-bird-fauna-of-palawan-philippine-islands","Orthotomus cucullatus viridicollis"],["23013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus philippinus","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.3 p.517",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE6DA84D",null,null,"Benguet, northern Luzon.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/565/mode/1up","Phyllergates cucullatus philippinus"],["23014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus everetti","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.3 p.517-518",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-076A744F",null,null,"Mangarai, southern Flores; above 3,500 feet, fide Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 468.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/565/mode/1up","Phyllergates everetti"],["23015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus riedeli","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.8 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2BA4FEE",null,null,"saddle of Mt. Lokon, forest near Rurukan, Tomohon, northern Celebes; altitude ca. 1,100 meters.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/69/mode/1up","Phyllergates riedeli"],["23016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus meisei","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Sulawesi (Latimojong Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3DDAFF0",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains, Celebes; altitude 2,200 meters.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. II. Neue Vogelrassen aus dem Latimodjong-Gebirge.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0044-0047.pdf#page=2","Phyllergates cucullatus meisei"],["23017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus hedymeles","Stresemann, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sulawesi (Lompobattang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCCEDBB9",null,null,"Wawokaraeng, a peak of Mt. Lompobatang, southern Celebes; altitude 2,200 meters.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VI. Zur Ornithologie der Lompo Batang (Süd-Celebes).","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0045-0047.pdf#page=2","Phyllergates cucullatus hedymeles"],["23018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus stentor","Stresemann, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C29779C9",null,null,"Tanke Salokko, Mengkoka (= Mekongga) Mountains, southeastern Celebes; altitude 1,500 meters.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VIII. Weitere Ergänzungen zur Avifauna von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0045-0049.pdf#page=3","Phyllergates cucullatus stentor"],["23019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus relictus","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 51-57 [p. 51]",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADE06D01",null,null,"20 Dec 2013 above Kokolomboi village (~950m) on Peleng Island (S 01° 17.561'; E 122° 52.520').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Phyllergates cucullatus relictus"],["23020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus sulanus","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 48-51 [p. 48]",null,null,null,null,null,"Taliabu (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DC9D6EE",null,null,"11 Dec 2013 at Waiyo dinahana Camp (~1200m) above the village of Wahe on Taliabu Island (S 01° 47.614'; E 124° 48.216').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Phyllergates cucullatus sulanus"],["23021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus dumasi","Hartert, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Buru and Seram)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CEE273A",null,null,"Mt. Mada, Bum.","[Exhibition of six new species of birds from Buru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/551/mode/1up","Phyllergates everetti dumasi"],["23022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Phyllergates cucullatus batjanensis","Hartert, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bacan Island (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7199E3FB",null,null,"Batjan Island, northern Moluccas; altitude 5,000-7,000 feet.","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Islands of Molucca and from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/26/mode/1up","Phyllergates cucullatus batjanensis"],["23023","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tickellia","Blyth, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Abrornis? hodgsoni [Moore, F, 1854]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/273/mode/1up","Tickellia"],["23024","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tickellia hodgsoni","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.412","Broad-billed Warbler","Broad-billed Warbler","Broad-billed Warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane understory of evergreen forest, and bamboo thickets, from eastern Nepal eastward to northeastern India and adjacent China, and southward to western Myanmar, and in northern Laos, northern Vietnam, and adjacent China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715445","brbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbwar1","avibase-681B5F66",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/448/mode/1up","Abrornis? hodgsoni"],["23025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tickellia hodgsoni hodgsoni","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to northeastern India and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-997F956C",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/448/mode/1up","Abrornis? hodgsoni"],["23026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Tickellia hodgsoni tonkinensis","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southeastern Yunnan) to northern Laos and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C971F3E",null,null,"Loquiho, Chapa, Tonkin; altitude 2,500 meters.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Abrornis hodgsoni tonkinensis"],["23027","genus","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Horornis fortipes [Hodgson, 1845]; type by subsequent designation (Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 5, p. 133).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/245/mode/1up","Horornis"],["23028","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis fortipes","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.31","Brown-flanked Bush Warbler","Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler","Brownish-flanked Bush-warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane dense understory of forest, bamboo thickets, and grassy edges to clearings, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to central and southeastern China and Taiwan, and southward to western Myanmar and northern southeastern Asia; downslope altitudinal migrant in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714408","bfbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfbwar1","avibase-16508376",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/245/mode/1up","Horornis fortipes"],["23029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis fortipes pallidus","(Brooks, 1871)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Himalayas (Kashmir to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4668731E",null,null,"Kashmir.","Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/256/mode/1up","Horeites pallidus"],["23030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis fortipes fortipes","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of eastern Nepal to Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, northeastern India, and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A0A3B38",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/245/mode/1up","Horornis fortipes"],["23031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis fortipes davidianus","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern China to northern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6FA7D6F",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet. Type from Muping (= Pao-hsing), Sikang, Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1872, Nouv. Arch., 7 (1871), Bull, p. 47.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Arundinax davidiana"],["23032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis fortipes robustipes","(Swinhoe, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.8 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB8EA5D7",null,null,"Formosa.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/440/mode/1up","Horeites robustipes"],["23033","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.590","Aberrant Bush Warbler","Aberrant Bush Warbler","Aberrant Bush-warbler","2025-0322","Taxon <em>vulcanius </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Horornis flavolivaceus</em> pending further research. Sometimes treated as separate species, their circumscription differs among authors, and results from genetic studies using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are inconsistent (Olsson et al. 2006; Alström et al. 2011); genomic data and bioacoustic analyses are needed.","Himalayas to northern Vietnam and central China and montane Greater and Lesser Sundas and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/105295705","abbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abbwar1","avibase-A6213F6F",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/136/mode/1up","N[eornis] flavolivacea"],["23034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus sepiarius","(Kloss, 1931)","Treubia 13, no.3-4 p.352-353",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06BE5A4B",null,null,"Pajatoengkalan, Pangmoh, Acheen (= Aceh), northern Sumatra; altitude 2,000 meters.","An account of the Sumatran birds in the Zoological Museum, Buitenzorg, with descriptions of nine new races.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v13i3-4.1953","Cettia montana sepiaria"],["23035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus flaviventris","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B61723E",null,null,"Mt. Singalan (= Singgalang), Bella Vista, western Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/232/mode/1up","Brachypteryx flaviventris"],["23036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus vulcanius","(Blyth, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A9E129C",null,null,"Java and Timor; inferentially restricted to Java by Delacour, 1947, Auk, 64, p. 129.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/192/mode/1up","Sylvia vulcania"],["23037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus kolichisi","(Johnstone & Darnell, 1997)","The Western Australian Naturalist 21 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"Alor (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94B27379",null,null,"Apui, 8°15'S, 124°43’E, Alor Island, Indonesia at about 700 m; collected by R.E. Johnstone and R.A. How on 24 April 1991","Description of a new subspecies of bush-warbler of the genus Cettia from Alor Island, Indonesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/274460#page/9/mode/1up","Cettia vulcania kolichisi"],["23038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus everetti","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2A5675C",null,null,"Atapupu, Timor.","List of birds collected in Timor by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/129/mode/1up","Cettia everetti"],["23039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus banksi","(Chasen, 1935)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 43 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CCE71BC",null,null,"Mt. Mulu, northern Sarawak; altitude 2,200-2,600 meters.","Neue Vogelrassen von Malaysia.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_43_0147-0148.pdf","Cettia montana banksi"],["23040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus oreophilus","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.387-388",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A45372E",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/415/mode/1up","Cettia oreophila"],["23041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus palawanus","(Ripley & Rabor, 1962)","Postilla 73 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C9A0287",null,null,"Mt. Mantalingajan, Palawan Island, Philippines; altitude 6,700 feet.","New birds from Palawan and Culion Islands, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44213#page/12/mode/1up","Cettia montana palawana"],["23042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus flavolivaceus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.590",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Garhwal to Nepal, Arunachal Pradesh, and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A46500F1",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/136/mode/1up","N[eornis] flavolivacea"],["23043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus stresemanni","(Koelz, 1954)","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Garo and Khasi hills of Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7685306",null,null,"Mawryngkneng, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Neornis flavolivaceus stresemanni"],["23044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus intricatus","(Hartert, 1909)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.533",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Myanmar and southwestern China (eastward to southern Shanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67086883",null,null,"T'ai-pai Shan, Tsin-ling (= Ch'in Ling) Mountains, Shensi, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/619/mode/1up","Horeites flavolivacea intricatus"],["23045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus weberi","(Mayr, 1941)","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.2 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern India (Nagaland, Manipur, and eastern Mizoram) and adjacent western Myanmar southward to the Chin Hills",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-989B9380",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills, Burma.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part III.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00615.x","Horeites flavolivaceus weberi"],["23046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis flavolivaceus oblitus","(Mayr, 1941)","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.2 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61016935",null,null,"Chapa (= Cha Pa), Tonkin.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part III.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00615.x","Horeites flavolivaceus oblitus"],["23047","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis brunnescens","(Hume, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.109","Hume's Bush Warbler","Hume's Bush Warbler","Hume's Bush-warbler",null,null,"Himalayas of northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, and southeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735325","yebbuw2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbuw2","avibase-4B3D2096",null,null,"neighborhood of Darjeeling.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/141/mode/1up","Horeites brunnescens"],["23048","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis acanthizoides","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37","Yellow-bellied Bush Warbler","Yellowish-bellied Bush Warbler","Yellowish-bellied Bush-warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane tall grassland, bamboo thickets, understory of forest, and stunted juniper above tree-line, in central and southeastern China and Taiwan; some may move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735889","ybbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ybbwar1","avibase-0A91A181",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet. Type from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1872, Nouv. Arch., 7 (1871), Bull., p. 48.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Abrornis acanthizoides"],["23049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis acanthizoides acanthizoides","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunctly in two regions of China: central China (Shaanxi southward to Yunnan), and in east-central China (Anhui to Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B877FE2B",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet. Type from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1872, Nouv. Arch., 7 (1871), Bull., p. 48.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Abrornis acanthizoides"],["23050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis acanthizoides concolor","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6A6ECF3",null,null,"Mt. Arizan (= A-li Shan), Formosa; altitude 8,000 feet.","On four new species and subspecies from Mount Arizan, Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/137/mode/1up","Horeites acanthizoides concolor"],["23051","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis canturians","(Swinhoe, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.52","Manchurian Bush Warbler","Manchurian Bush Warbler","Korean Bush-warbler",null,null,"breeds central and eastern China, southeastern Siberia, and Korean Peninsula; winters to southern China, southeastern Asia, and northern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714376","manbuw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manbuw1","avibase-CF833D56",null,null,"Amoy ( = Hsia-men) and Shanghai.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/80/mode/1up","Arundinax canturians"],["23052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis canturians canturians","(Swinhoe, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern China (Gansu and Sichuan eastward to Anhui and Zhejiang); winters to southern China, Taiwan, northeastern India (Assam), northwestern Thailand, Indochina, and the northern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-962DE8C7",null,null,"Amoy ( = Hsia-men) and Shanghai.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/80/mode/1up","Arundinax canturians"],["23053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis canturians borealis","(Campbell, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.235,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China, adjacent southeastern Siberia, and Korea; winters to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-808473AC",null,null,"Chemulpo (= Inchon), Korea","A List of Birds collected in Corea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/267/mode/1up","Cettia minuta borealis"],["23054","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis diphone","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.237 pl.14","Japanese Bush Warbler","Japanese Bush Warbler","Japanese Bush-warbler",null,null,"montane forest borders, bush, gardens, and bamboo thickets from southern Sakhalin and Kuril Islands (southeastern Russia) southward through Japan to Ryukyu, Ogasawara (Bonin), and Iwo (Volcano) islands, and in South Korea; introduced to Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714380","jabwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jabwar","avibase-7D1FD35D",null,null,"Bonin Islands (= Ogasawara-gunto).",null,null,"Sylvia diphone"],["23055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis diphone riukiuensis","Kuroda, 1925","A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Avifauna Riu Kiu Islands and the Vicinity p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on southern Sakhalin Island and southernmost Kuril Islands; winters from central Honshu southward through Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) and to Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2D25D60",null,null,"Sonai, Iriomote-jima, southern Ryukyu Islands.",null,null,"Horornis cantans riukiuensis"],["23056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis diphone cantans","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1847)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.51, pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds main Japanese islands (Hokkaido south) and associated smaller islands southward to the northern Ryukyu Islands (Tanegashima, Yakushima, and Amami Ōshima, southern Japan) and northern Izu Islands (south to Aogashima), and in southern South Korea (including Jeju Island); northern populations migratory; introduced Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8A9D9E8",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/61/mode/1up","Salicaria cantans"],["23057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis diphone restrictus","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Minami-daito-jima, where apparently now extirpated; populations in the southern Ryukyu Islands (from Okinawa and Kumejima southward to Ishigaki and Iriomote, southern Japan) possibly are restrictus, or may be a similar but undescribed population",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C30C94A7",null,null,"Minami-daito-jima, Borodino Islands.","Description of new forms from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/528/mode/1up","Horornis cantans restrictus"],["23058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis diphone diphone","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.237 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC24B3D8",null,null,"Bonin Islands (= Ogasawara-gunto).",null,null,"Sylvia diphone"],["23059","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis seebohmi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.507","Philippine Bush Warbler","Philippine Bush Warbler","Philippine Bush-warbler",null,null,"montane forest of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714386","phbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phbwar1","avibase-516D598B",null,null,"northern Luzon.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part II. The Highlands of North Luzon, 5000 feet. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/543/mode/1up","Cettia seebohmi"],["23060","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis annae","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.5 pl.2","Palau Bush Warbler","Palau Bush Warbler","Palau Bush-warbler",null,null,"Palau (Babelthuap, Koror, Garakayo, Peleliu, and Ngabad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714391","pabwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabwar1","avibase-70419673",null,null,"Pelew (= Palau) Islands.","On a Collection of Birds from the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/33/mode/1up","Psamathia annae"],["23061","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis carolinae","(Rozendaal, 1987)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 61 p.177-202","Tanimbar Bush Warbler","Tanimbar Bush Warbler","Tanimbar Bush-warbler",null,null,"Yamdena (Tanimbar Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714418","tabwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabwar1","avibase-D91319C4",null,null,"circa 6 km. NW Bomaki, NW Saumlaki across Saumlaki Bay, Yamdena Island (Palau Yamdena), Tanimba Islands, South Moluccas, Indonesia, 7 54'S 131 15'E","Description of a new species of bush warbler of the genus Cettia Bonaparte, 1834 (Aves: Sylviidae) from Yamdena, Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia.","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149958","Cettia carolinae"],["23062","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis parens","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.4","Shade Bush Warbler","Shade Bush Warbler","Shade Bush-warbler",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714396","shawar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shawar1","avibase-DFE28E09",null,null,"San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Vitia parens"],["23063","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis haddeni","(LeCroy & Barker, 2006)","American Museum Novitates no.3511 p.1-20","Bougainville Bush Warbler","Bougainville Bush Warbler","Bougainville Bush-warbler",null,null,"Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734397","odedi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/odedi1","avibase-A974FAFE",null,null,"between Kupei and Moreni villages, 1000 m, Crown Prince Range, Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea, on 16 September 2000","A new species of bush-warbler from Bougainville Island and a monophyletic origin for southwest Pacific Cettia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5786/","Cettia haddeni"],["23064","species","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis ruficapilla","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.42","Fiji Bush Warbler","Fiji Bush Warbler","Fiji Bush-warbler",null,null,"Fiji (except Lau Archipelago; southwestern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714403","fibwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibwar1","avibase-8CC7FC93",null,null,"Kandavu, Fiji.","Characters of a new genus and species of Passerine bird, from the Fiji Islands, proposed to be called Vitia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/82/mode/1up","Vitia ruficapilla"],["23065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis ruficapilla ruficapilla","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Kadavu (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B51C033",null,null,"Kandavu, Fiji.","Characters of a new genus and species of Passerine bird, from the Fiji Islands, proposed to be called Vitia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/82/mode/1up","Vitia ruficapilla"],["23066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis ruficapilla badiceps","(Finsch, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Viti Levu (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92101740",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji.","Notes on some Fijian Birds, including Description of a new Genus and Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/48/mode/1up","Drymochaera badiceps"],["23067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis ruficapilla castaneopterus","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Levu (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E679BD4",null,null,"Vanua Levu, Fiji.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Vitia ruficapilla castaneoptera"],["23068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cettiidae","Bush Warblers and allies","Horornis ruficapilla funebris","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Taveuni (Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93769208",null,null,"Taveuni, Fiji.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Vitia ruficapilla funebris"],["23069","family","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopidae",null,null,"Leaf Warblers","Leaf Warblers","Leaf-warblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"phyllo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phyllo4/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["23070","genus","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.972",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia trochilus [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Motacilla trochilus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/534/mode/1up","Phylloscopus"],["23071","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus sibilatrix","(Bechstein, 1792)","Der Naturforscher 27 p.47","Wood Warbler","Wood Warbler","Wood Warbler",null,null,"breeds Europe and Russia; winters in tropical Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715260","woowar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woowar","avibase-572C4C7F",null,null,"Berge Thüringens [mountains of Thuringia, Germany]",null,"https://ds.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/viewer/image/2108412_027/52/","Motacilla Sibilatrix"],["23072","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus bonelli","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.91","Western Bonelli's Warbler","Western Bonelli's Warbler","Western Bonelli's Warbler",null,null,"breeds western and central Europe; winters to Sahel of northern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715255","webwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/webwar1","avibase-C00674ED",null,null,"'Piemont.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/103/mode/1up","Sylvia Bonelli"],["23073","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus orientalis","(Brehm, 1855)","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.232","Eastern Bonelli's Warbler","Eastern Bonelli's Warbler","Eastern Bonelli's Warbler",null,null,"breeds Balkans, Türkiye, and Levant; winters to Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729503","eabwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eabwar1","avibase-666F9FC9",null,null,"Wadi Haifa, Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/268/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste orientalis"],["23074","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus pulcher","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.592","Buff-barred Warbler","Buff-barred Warbler","Buff-barred Warbler",null,null,"montane oak-rhododendron forest of Himalayas from Kashmir eastward to southern China and northwestern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715287","bubwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubwar1","avibase-56F0521E",null,null,"Nepal, restricted (in error) to Ham district, eastern Nepal, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 400; rerestricted to Nepal Valley by Biswas, 1962, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 59, p. 413-414.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/138/mode/1up","Ph[ylloscopus] pulcher"],["23075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus pulcher kangrae","Ticehurst, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"montane oak-rhododendron forest of northwestern Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4947A425",null,null,"Simla, India.","Descriptions of new forms from Iraq and India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/57/mode/1up","Phylloscopus pulcher kangrae"],["23076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus pulcher vegetus","(Bangs, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-944EC147",null,null,"Yachiakun, western Szechwan, China.","A new warbler from western China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/127/mode/1up","Reguloides pulcher vegetus"],["23077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus pulcher pulcher","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.592",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8056AD3F",null,null,"Nepal, restricted (in error) to Ham district, eastern Nepal, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 400; rerestricted to Nepal Valley by Biswas, 1962, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 59, p. 413-414.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/138/mode/1up","Ph[ylloscopus] pulcher"],["23078","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus maculipennis","(Blyth, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.27","Ashy-throated Warbler","Ashy-throated Warbler","Ashy-throated Warbler",null,null,"northern India (Kashmir and northern Punjab) to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, northern Myanmar, and northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715290","astwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astwar2","avibase-E3DFBF9B",null,null,"Nepal or Sikkim = Nepal, fide Ticehurst, 1938, p. 120; restricted to Ham district, eastern Nepal, by Ripley, 1950, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63, p. 106.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/45/mode/1up","Abrornis maculipennis"],["23079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus maculipennis virens","Ticehurst, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India (Kashmir and northern Punjab to Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44FD49C7",null,null,"Banjar, Saraj, Punjab, Himalaya; altitude 4,500 feet.","Description of a new race of Warbler from N.W. Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/97/mode/1up","Phylloscopus maculipennis virens"],["23080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus maculipennis maculipennis","(Blyth, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, northern Myanmar, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1539CB6",null,null,"Nepal or Sikkim = Nepal, fide Ticehurst, 1938, p. 120; restricted to Ham district, eastern Nepal, by Ripley, 1950, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63, p. 106.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/45/mode/1up","Abrornis maculipennis"],["23081","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus inornatus","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.191","Yellow-browed Warbler","Yellow-browed Warbler","Yellow-browed Warbler",null,null,"breeds Ural Mountains eastward to Sea of Okhotsk, Mongolia, and northeastern China (and possibly North Korea); winters from Nepal and Bangladesh eastward to Andaman Islands, southeastern Asia including Malayan Peninsula, southeastern China, and southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715310","yebwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebwar3","avibase-0C120038",null,null,"type lost; locality said to be near Calcutta by Ticehurst, 1938, p. 100.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/225/mode/1up","Regulus inornatus"],["23082","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus humei","(Brooks, 1878)","Stray Feathers 7 p.131","Hume's Leaf Warbler","Hume's Leaf Warbler","Hume's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in montane larch-pine forest, broadleaf evergreen forest, rhododendron thickets, and juniper scrub, from south-central Russia and northwestern Mongolia southward through eastern Kazakhstan to northern India, and eastward through Himalayas to Bhutan, and in central China; all populations migrate southward to southern India and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729514","humwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humwar1","avibase-BC391A83",null,null,"North- West Frontier Province, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94440#page/157/mode/1up","Reguloides humei"],["23083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus humei humei","(Brooks, 1878)","Stray Feathers 7 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northeastern Afghanistan eastward to the northwestern Himalayas in southwestern China (Xinjiang) and northwestern India; winters in southern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-927FC6C0",null,null,"North- West Frontier Province, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94440#page/157/mode/1up","Reguloides humei"],["23084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus humei mandellii","(Brooks, 1879)","Stray Feathers 8, no.2-5 p.389-391",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Tibet to Sikkim, Myanmar, and southwestern China; winters to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17356569",null,null,"Darjeeling and Sikkim.","Description of another new Reguloides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/91/mode/1up","Reguloides Mandellii"],["23085","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus subviridis","(Brooks, 1872)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.148","Brooks's Leaf Warbler","Brooks's Leaf Warbler","Brooks's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds conifer forest from eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India; winters to Pakistan and north-central India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715305","brlwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brlwar1","avibase-3827F740",null,null,"Etawah and Cawnpore (= Kanpur) districts, United Provinces (= Uttar Pradesh), India.","On a new species of Reguloides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/424/mode/1up","Reguloides subviridis"],["23086","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus yunnanensis","La Touche, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.21","Chinese Leaf Warbler","Chinese Leaf Warbler","Chinese Leaf-warbler",null,null,"mountains of central China (Sichuan, Liaoning, and Shanxi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732052","chilew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chilew1","avibase-5A696583",null,null,"Mengtz, SE Yunnan, China",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/427/mode/1up","Phylloscopus proregulus yunnanensis"],["23087","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus proregulus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.499","Pallas's Leaf Warbler","Pallas's Leaf Warbler","Pallas's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds coniferous forest and taiga of eastern Asia; winters to Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734364","palwar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palwar5","avibase-943E36CA",null,null,"Ingoda River, southern Transbaikalia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/531/mode/1up","Motacilla Proregulus"],["23088","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus kansuensis","Meise, 1933","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 41 p.82","Gansu Leaf Warbler","Gansu Leaf Warbler","Gansu Leaf-warbler",null,null,"mountains of western China (Qinghai and Gansu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732653","ganlew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ganlew1","avibase-D234BA9D",null,null,"vicinity of Lauhukou, southern Tat'ung Mountains, Hsi-ning region, northern Kansu ( = northeastern Tsinghai).","Neue Formen aus Kansu.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_41_0081-0082.pdf#page=2","Phylloscopus proregulus kansuensis"],["23089","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus forresti","Rothschild, 1921","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.45","Sichuan Leaf Warbler","Sichuan Leaf Warbler","Sichuan Leaf-warbler",null,null,"mountains of southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732898","siclew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siclew1","avibase-75889921",null,null,"pine forests, Li-chiang Range, northern Yunnan; altitude 9,000-11,000 feet.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/61/mode/1up","Phylloscopus proregulus forresti"],["23090","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus chloronotus","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.152","Lemon-rumped Warbler","Lemon-rumped Warbler","Lemon-rumped Leaf-warbler",null,null,"montane spruce-fir forest, mixed broadleaf and conifer forest, and rhododendron thickets, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to northeastern India; altitudinal migrant downslope to foothills in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734370","parwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parwar1","avibase-5D488808",null,null,"Nepal; restricted to the Central Valley of Kathmandu by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 401.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/168/mode/1up","Abrornis chloronotus"],["23091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus chloronotus simlaensis","Ticehurst, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Himalayas (Afghanistan to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A9A19EC",null,null,"Simla, India.","A short account and remarks on the Avifauna of Mesopotamia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/85/mode/1up","Phylloscopus proregulus simlaensis"],["23092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus chloronotus chloronotus","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Pakistan to southeastern Tibet, northeastern India, and south-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B53097",null,null,"Nepal; restricted to the Central Valley of Kathmandu by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 401.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/168/mode/1up","Abrornis chloronotus"],["23093","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus tytleri","Brooks, 1871","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.210","Tytler's Leaf Warbler","Tytler's Leaf Warbler","Tytler's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds coniferous forest of Pakistan and northern India; winters to Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715339","tylwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tylwar1","avibase-EA9942E7",null,null,"Kashmir and Simla. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from Hirpore, Kashmir, fide Ticehurst, 1938, p. 67.","Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/256/mode/1up","Phylloscopus tytleri"],["23094","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus schwarzi","(Radde, 1863)","Reisen im Süden von Ost-Sibirien in den Jahren 1855-1859 (etc.) (2), 2 p.260 pl.9 fig.1a,1b,1c","Radde's Warbler","Radde's Warbler","Radde's Warbler",null,null,"breeds northeastern Asia; winters in southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715284","radwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/radwar1","avibase-9A536399",null,null,"Tarei Nor and Bureya Mountains, Transbaikalia and Amurland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50507#page/274/mode/1up","Sylvia (Phyllopneuste) Schwarzi"],["23095","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus armandii","(Milne-Edwards, 1865)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.1 p.22 pl.2 fig.1","Yellow-streaked Warbler","Yellow-streaked Warbler","Yellow-streaked Warbler",null,null,"submontane to montane spruce forest, and willow and poplar thickets, from central and northeastern China, and northern Myanmar; migrates southward to southern China and northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715281","yeswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeswar1","avibase-B763DEC5",null,null,"no locality; type, in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, from mountains west and northwest of Peking, fide Ticehurst, 1938, p. 91.","Rapport sur diverses collections envoyées au Muséum par le P. Armand David, missionnaire de la Congrégation des Lazaristes, à Pékin, présenté à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-Administrateurs, le 26 septembre 1864.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/350/mode/1up","Abrornis Armandii"],["23096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus armandii armandii","(Milne-Edwards, 1865)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.1 p.22 pl.2 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of Mongolia to eastern China; winters to Myanmar and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12183F33",null,null,"no locality; type, in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, from mountains west and northwest of Peking, fide Ticehurst, 1938, p. 91.","Rapport sur diverses collections envoyées au Muséum par le P. Armand David, missionnaire de la Congrégation des Lazaristes, à Pékin, présenté à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-Administrateurs, le 26 septembre 1864.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/350/mode/1up","Abrornis Armandii"],["23097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus armandii perplexus","Ticehurst, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Tibet to northern Myanmar and southwestern China (Sichuan, Hubei, and Yunnan); winters Myanmar and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E91C6ABB",null,null,"Chien-ch'uan valley, lat. 26° 40' N., northwestern Yunnan.","Description of a new form of Phylloscopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/132/mode/1up","Phylloscopus armandii perplexus"],["23098","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus griseolus","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.443","Sulphur-bellied Warbler","Sulphur-bellied Warbler","Sulphur-bellied Warbler",null,null,"breeds alpine scrub of southern Asia; winters in northern Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715278","subwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subwar2","avibase-37DD095F",null,null,"Hooghly River, near Calcutta.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/499/mode/1up","Phylloscopus griseolus"],["23099","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus affinis","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.576","Tickell's Leaf Warbler","Tickell's Leaf Warbler","Tickell's Leaf-warbler","2025-0316","Taxon <em>occisinensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Phylloscopus affinis </em>based on genetic evidence. A lack of genomic differentiation (Zhang et al. 2019) accompanied by deep mitochondrial DNA divergences (Martens et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2019) is likely due to past mitochondrial DNA introgression from an extinct species. In addition, plumage, morphological, and vocal differences are considered slight, or to vary clinally.","breeds in the Himalayas from northern Pakistan (Gilgit, Hunza, Baltistan) and Kashmir eastward to southwestern and central China (southern and eastern Tibet, Qinghai, and Gansu southward to northern Yunnan and Sichuan); in non-breeding season migrates to southeastern Nepal and central, southwestern, and northeastern India eastward to southern China (southeastern Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou), northern, central, and eastern Myanmar, and northwestern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715270","y00989","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00989","avibase-E0C31BA6",null,null,"Barabhum and Dhalbhum, Bihar, India.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/634/mode/1up","Motacilla Offinis"],["23100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus affinis affinis","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas; winters to Myanmar and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A291DEA5",null,null,"Barabhum and Dhalbhum, Bihar, India.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/634/mode/1up","Motacilla Offinis"],["23101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus affinis perflavus","Martens, Sun & Päckert, 2008","Vertebrate Zoology 58, no.2 p.233-265",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Himalayas; winter range not known (overlaps with nominate affinis?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBAA5A82",null,null,"India, vale of Kashmir [= Kashmir valley, Jammu & Kashmir.]","Intraspecific differentiation of Sino-Himalayan bush-dwelling Phylloscopus leaf warblers, with description of two new taxa (P. fuscatus, P. fuligiventer, P. affinis, P. armandii, P. subaffinis).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269697532","Phylloscopus affinis perflavus"],["23102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus affinis occisinensis","Martens, Sun & Päckert, 2008","Vertebrate Zoology 58, no.2 p.233-265",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Tibet-Qinghai plateau, and China in Sichuan and Gansu; winter range undescribed",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD3F3594",null,null,"China, Qinghai, western shore of lake Donggi Cona, 4200 m, in Salix bushes on rocky slope (35°21’N 98°19’E), J. Martens","Intraspecific differentiation of Sino-Himalayan bush-dwelling Phylloscopus leaf warblers, with description of two new taxa (P. fuscatus, P. fuligiventer, P. affinis, P. armandii, P. subaffinis).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269697532","Phylloscopus occisinensis"],["23103","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus fuscatus","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.121 p.113","Dusky Warbler","Dusky Warbler","Dusky Warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane scrub in taiga forest, riparian thickets, and in floodplain meadow, from central Russia eastward to Siberia and Kamchatka, and southward to Mongolia, north-central China, and North Korea; migrates southward to southern India, southeastern Asia, and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715264","duswar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duswar","avibase-96819591",null,null,"neighborhood of Calcutta.","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society (Friday the 21st January, 1842.) Report of the Curator - Aves].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/143/mode/1up","Phillopneuste fuscata"],["23104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus fuscatus fuscatus","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.121 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia to Mongolia and western China; winters to India, Indochina, and southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAC17E9E",null,null,"neighborhood of Calcutta.","[Proceedings of the Asiatic Society (Friday the 21st January, 1842.) Report of the Curator - Aves].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/143/mode/1up","Phillopneuste fuscata"],["23105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus fuscatus robustus","Stresemann, 1923","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 16, no.2 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern China (south of Gobi Desert) to northern Sichuan; winters to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81F6953A",null,null,"Sung-p'an, northern Szechwan.","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Ost-tibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobachtungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds.",null,"Phylloscopus fuscatus robustus"],["23106","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus fuligiventer","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.31","Smoky Warbler","Smoky Warbler","Smoky Warbler",null,null,"montane scrub above tree-line, and dwarf juniper in alpine meadow, from northern India and Nepal eastward to Tibet and south-central China; altitudinal migrant downslope and southward post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715267","smowar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smowar1","avibase-54BE5060",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/245/mode/1up","H[orornis]? fuligiventer"],["23107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus fuligiventer fuligiventer","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas of Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, southwestern Tibet, and northeastern India; winters Himalayan foothills of Nepal eastward to northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E653B1DB",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/245/mode/1up","H[orornis]? fuligiventer"],["23108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus fuligiventer tibetanus","Ticehurst, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Tibet to southern China (southwestern Xinjiang); winters to northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11CAF1A1",null,null,"Bombi (= Bimbi) La, Tsari, southern Tibet; altitude 13,500 feet.","Description of a new Phylloscopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/149/mode/1up","Phylloscopus tibetanus"],["23109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus fuligiventer weigoldi","Stresemann, 1923","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 16, no.2 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of southern Tibet to eastern Himalayas and southwestern China; winters to northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-664062AD",null,null,"Dschiesongea, near Tatsienlu, eastern Sikang, Szechwan.","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Ost-tibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobachtungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds.",null,"Phylloscopus weigoldi"],["23110","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus neglectus","Hume, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.143","Plain Leaf Warbler","Plain Leaf Warbler","Plain Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds oak-juniper woodland of Iran to Afghanistan and Kashmir; winters eastern Arabian peninsula and coastal Iran eastward to northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715249","pllwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pllwar2","avibase-116192F7",null,null,"Punjab and Doab. Specimen from Bahawalpur, Pakistan, designated as type by Ticehurst, 1938, pp. 59, 62.","[Letter from Agra, June 6, 1869].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/165/mode/1up","Phylloscopus neglectus"],["23111","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus subaffinis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.37","Buff-throated Warbler","Buff-throated Warbler","Buff-throated Warbler",null,null,"breeds alpine scrub of central and southern China to southeastern Tibet; winters southern China from Yunnan eastward, and northern southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715275","butwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butwar1","avibase-CACE0EBE",null,null,"Pu-an-ting, southwestern Kwei-chu (= Kweichow), China.","[Description of new species from Southern China].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/69/mode/1up","Phylloscopus subaffinis"],["23112","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochilus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188","Willow Warbler","Willow Warbler","Willow Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill deciduous and mixed forest, secondary growth, willow thickets, and arctic scrub, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia, and southward to northern Spain, Romania, and northern Kazakhstan; migrates to sub-Saharan Africa in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715240","wlwwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wlwwar","avibase-88F4B969",null,null,"Europa = England, fide Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 507; restricted to England south of the Thames by Clancey, 1950, Brit. Birds, 43, p. 189.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Trochilus"],["23113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Europe to southern Poland and Romania; winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09DB745A",null,null,"Europa = England, fide Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 507; restricted to England south of the Thames by Clancey, 1950, Brit. Birds, 43, p. 189.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Trochilus"],["23114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochilus acredula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia to Siberia (Yenisey River); winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8CD95D9",null,null,"Europe = Sweden, fide Hartert, 1907, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 507; restricted to Uppsala by Ticehurst, 1935, Bull. Brith. Ornith. Club, 55, p. 177.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/209/mode/1up","Motacilla Acredula"],["23115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis","Ticehurst, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia (Taymyr Peninsula to Anadyr River); winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3A915B5",null,null,"Verkhoyansk district, Yakut Land (= Yakutiya).","Note.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/216/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis"],["23116","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus sindianus","Brooks, 1880","Stray Feathers 8 p.476","Mountain Chiffchaff","Mountain Chiffchaff","Mountain Chiffchaff",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane coniferous and mixed forest, rhododendron thickets, and juniper scrub, from Caucasus southward to northeastern Türkiye and northwestern Iran, and from western China southward to northern Pakistan and northern India; some migrate to Persian Gulf and southern Pakistan, some move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728939","mouchi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouchi2","avibase-F05BA180",null,null,"Sukkur, Sind.","Ornithological Observations in Sikhim, the Punjab, and Sind.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95022#page/506/mode/1up","Phylloscopus sindianus"],["23117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus sindianus lorenzii","(Lorenz, 1887)","Beitrag zur Kenntniss der ornithologischen Fauna an der Nordseite des Kaukasus p.28 pl.2 fig.2-4",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Asia (eastern Türkiye to Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northeastern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A53FE02F",null,null,"northern Caucasus = Kislovodsk, northern Caucasus, fide Ticehurst, 1938, p. 49.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206868#page/44/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste Lorenzii"],["23118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus sindianus sindianus","Brooks, 1880","Stray Feathers 8 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"far western China (southwestern Xinjiang) to northern Pakistan and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30E5B276",null,null,"Sukkur, Sind.","Ornithological Observations in Sikhim, the Punjab, and Sind.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95022#page/506/mode/1up","Phylloscopus sindianus"],["23119","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus canariensis","(Hartwig, 1886)","Journal für Ornithologie 34, no.175 p.486","Canary Islands Chiffchaff","Canary Islands Chiffchaff","Canary Islands Chiffchaff",null,null,"western and central Canary Islands; formerly also Lanzarote, northeastern Canary Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729528","caichi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caichi1","avibase-AAD30068",null,null,"Tenerife.","Die Vögel Madeiras","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101744#page/498/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste rufa canariensis"],["23120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus canariensis canariensis","(Hartwig, 1886)","Journal für Ornithologie 34, no.175 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands (La Palma, Hierro, Gomera, Tenerife, and Gran Canaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CCB9086",null,null,"Tenerife.","Die Vögel Madeiras","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101744#page/498/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste rufa canariensis"],["23121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus canariensis exsul","Hartert, 1907","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.505",null,null,null,null,null,"Lanzarote (northeastern Canary Islands); possibly extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-C781AE47",null,null,"Lanzarote, Eastern Canaries.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/585/mode/1up","Phylloscopus collybita exsul"],["23122","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ibericus","Ticehurst, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.64","Iberian Chiffchaff","Iberian Chiffchaff","Iberian Chiffchaff",null,null,"mixed and deciduous woodland in the Iberian Peninsula, including far southwestern France and in northern Morocco, northern Algeria, and northern Tunisia; winters in western Africa from Senegal and the Gambia eastward to Burkina Faso and northern Ghana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729520","ibechi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ibechi2","avibase-12EE678E",null,null,"Paul d'Argila, near Coimbra, Portugal.","Note.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/104/mode/1up","Phylloscopus collybita ibericus"],["23123","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus collybita","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.235","Common Chiffchaff","Common Chiffchaff",null,"2025-0315","Taxon <em>tristis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phylloscopus collybita </em>based on available evidence. Sometimes split based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and migratory strategy; however, mitochondrial and genomic DNA data (Marova et al. 2017; Shipilina et al. 2017) indicate the presence of a broad hybrid zone between <em>tristis </em>and <em>P. c. abietinus</em>.","southern Scandinavia, British Isles, and northern Iberian Peninsula eastward to northeastern Russia, northern and northwestern Türkiye, northern and northwestern Iran, and Middle East; in non-breeding season mainly southern Europe, western, northern, and eastern Africa, and eastward through Middle East to central India and Bangladesh",null,null,null,"comchi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comchi1","avibase-F9F4B04D",null,null,"'regions septentrionales' of France; restricted to Normandy by Mayaud, 1941, Oiseau, 11, no. spec, p. 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/251/mode/1up","Sylvia collybita"],["23124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus collybita abietinus","(Nilsson, 1819)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 26 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia to Urals, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10602F97",null,null,"north of Trondheim, in the spruce forests of Stjørdalen, Inderøya, and Namdalen, Norway; erroneously said to be Sweden in Ticehurst, 1938, p. 42; restricted to Stjørdalen (= Stjørdal, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway) by Holgersen, 1955, Sterna, 18, p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107406#page/123/mode/1up","Sylvia abietina"],["23125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus collybita collybita","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles eastward to southern Sweden, and from France and northern Spain to Poland and northwestern Türkiye; non-breeders move mostly to Mediterranean and from northwestern and western Africa (including Canary Islands) to Middle East",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BB6B834",null,null,"'regions septentrionales' of France; restricted to Normandy by Mayaud, 1941, Oiseau, 11, no. spec, p. 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/251/mode/1up","Sylvia collybita"],["23126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus collybita brevirostris","(Strickland, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Türkiye and Black Sea coastlands of northern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E4E94B",null,null,"near Smyrna, Turkey.","List of Birds noticed in Asia Minor in the winter of 1835, and in the spring of 1836.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/112/mode/1up","Sylvia brevirostris"],["23127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus collybita caucasicus","Loskot, 1991","Vestnik Zoologii no.3 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"east of range of brevirostris at lower elevations southward to Armenia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F08F719",null,null,"Tseltykchay River, 18 km north of Belokan, 24.07.1983, Azerbaijan","A new Chiffchaff subspecies (Aves, Sylviidae) from Caucasus.","http://mail.izan.kiev.ua/vz-pdf/1991/3/VZ%201991-3-17-Loskot.pdf","Phylloscopus collybita caucasicus"],["23128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus collybita menzbieri","Shestoperov, 1937","Keys to the Vertebrata of Turkomania, Aves Aves 4 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran (eastern Elburz Mountains and Khorasan Mountains) and southwestern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4AC6B5B",null,null,"Kopet Dag, southwestern Transcaspia.",null,null,"Phylloscopus collybitus menzbieri"],["23129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus collybita tristis","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.966-967",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Russia, from Kanin Peninsula eastward to Kolyma River, southward to southern Urals, northern Kazakhstan, northwestern China, northwestern Mongolia, and Lake Baikal; non-breeding to southern Iraq, southern Iran and Arabia eastward to India, Bangladesh, and southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7173913",null,null,"Calcutta.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/482/mode/1up","Ph[ylloscopus] tristis"],["23130","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus coronatus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1847)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.48, pl.18","Eastern Crowned Warbler","Eastern Crowned Warbler","Eastern Crowned Warbler",null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido southward to Kyushu); winters in southeastern Asia and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715348","eacwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eacwar1","avibase-2D272F5A",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36105#page/63/mode/1up","Ficedula coronata"],["23131","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ijimae","(Stejneger, 1892)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15, no.906 p.372","Ijima's Leaf Warbler","Ijima's Leaf Warbler","Ijima's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds highly disjunctly Izu Islands and Tokara Islands (southern Japan); winters to northern Philippines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715353","ijlwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ijlwar1","avibase-87D743DD",null,null,"Idzumura, Mijakeshima (= Miyaka-jima), Seven Islands of Izu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53607#page/478/mode/1up","Acanthopneuste ijimae"],["23132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ijimae ijimae","(Stejneger, 1892)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15, no.906 p.372",null,null,null,"2026-072","Phylloscopus ijimae tokaraensis is recognized as a newly described cryptic subspecies of <em>P. ijimae</em> based on differences in morphology, vocalizations, and genetics. <em>P. i. tokaraensis</em> has, on average, a longer tarsus and potentially displays some vocal differences (Saitoh et al. 2026) but both traits show overlap with nominate <em>P. i. ijimae</em>, and male <em>tokaraensis</em> responds to song playback of <em>ijimae</em> (Higuchi &amp; Kawaji 1989). Nevertheless <em>P. i. tokaraensis</em> is readily differentiated based on mitochondrial and genomic DNA divergence and further research may support species recognition for <em>P. i. tokaraensis</em>.","Izu Islands; species winters to northern Philippines, but winter range of subspecies uncertain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-112B4750",null,null,"Idzumura, Mijakeshima (= Miyaka-jima), Seven Islands of Izu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53607#page/478/mode/1up","Acanthopneuste ijimae"],["23133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ijimae tokaraensis","Saitoh, Shipilina, Xia et al., 2026","PNAS Nexus 5, no.3FALSE",null,null,null,"2026-072","Phylloscopus ijimae tokaraensis is recognized as a newly described cryptic subspecies of <em>P. ijimae</em> based on differences in morphology, vocalizations, and genetics. <em>P. i. tokaraensis</em> has, on average, a longer tarsus and potentially displays some vocal differences (Saitoh et al. 2026) but both traits show overlap with nominate <em>P. i. ijimae</em>, and male <em>tokaraensis</em> responds to song playback of <em>ijimae</em> (Higuchi &amp; Kawaji 1989). Nevertheless <em>P. i. tokaraensis</em> is readily differentiated based on mitochondrial and genomic DNA divergence and further research may support species recognition for <em>P. i. tokaraensis</em>.","Tokara Islands (southern Japan); species winters to northern Philippines, but winter range of subspecies uncertain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D39DD742",null,null,"Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, 2017 June 10","Discovering and protecting cryptic biodiversity: A case study of a previously undescribed, vulnerable bird species in Japan","https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag037","Phylloscopus tokaraensis"],["23134","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus olivaceus","(Moseley, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.47 pl.2 fig.2","Philippine Leaf Warbler","Philippine Leaf Warbler","Philippine Leaf-warbler",null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Mindanao, and Negros) and Sulu Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715375","phlwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phlwar1","avibase-A80ACEA2",null,null,"islands of Samar and Negros, Philippines; restricted to Samar by Rand and Rabor, 1952, Nat. Hist. Misc., Chicago Acad. Sci., no. 107, p. 3.","Descriptions of two new Species of Flycatchers from the Island of Negros, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/79/mode/1up","Abrornis olivacea"],["23135","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus cebuensis","(Dubois, 1900)","Synopsis avium: nouveau manuel d'ornithologie 1, 1900, fasc.4 p.286","Lemon-throated Leaf Warbler","Lemon-throated Leaf Warbler","Lemon-throated Leaf-warbler",null,null,"Luzon and West Visayas (northern and west-central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715380","letwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/letwar1","avibase-6CD6A624",null,null,"Cebu, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/27/mode/1up","Cryptolopha cebuensis"],["23136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus cebuensis luzonensis","Rand & Rabor, 1952","Natural History Miscellanea 107 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB24FA25",null,null,"Massisiat, Abra Province, Luzon.","Notes on Philippine birds.",null,"Phylloscopus olivaceus luzonensis"],["23137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus cebuensis sorsogonensis","Rand & Rabor, 1967","Fieldiana Zoology 51, no.6 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Luzon (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07AC348B",null,null,"Mt. Bulusan, San Roque, Bulusan, Sorsogon Province, Luzon; altitude 1,500-2,000 feet.","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/10/mode/1up","Phylloscopus cebuensis sorsogonensis"],["23138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus cebuensis cebuensis","(Dubois, 1900)","Synopsis avium: nouveau manuel d'ornithologie 1, 1900, fasc.4 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Cebu and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-588E60E7",null,null,"Cebu, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/27/mode/1up","Cryptolopha cebuensis"],["23139","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.105","Yellow-throated Woodland Warbler","Yellow-throated Woodland-Warbler","Yellow-throated Woodland-warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, and bamboo in woodland, from southeastern Kenya and Tanzania, southward to eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715207","yetwow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetwow1","avibase-F6B77E64",null,null,"'in Caffraria inferiore.' Type, in Riksmuseet, Stockholm, from Durban, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/115/mode/1up","Pogonocichla ruficapilla"],["23140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla ochrogularis","(Moreau, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahale Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D354AC44",null,null,"Mt. Kungwe (= Nkungwe), Tanganyika; altitude 6,500 feet.","Two new races of Flycatcher-Warbler from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/52/mode/1up","Seicercus ruficapilla ochrogularis"],["23141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla minullus","(Reichenow, 1905)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D34EF44",null,null,"Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal (= Lushoto), Usambara, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/195/mode/1up","Chloropeta minulla"],["23142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla johnstoni","(Sclater, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi to northwestern Mozambique, northeastern Zambia, and southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C13EBD2F",null,null,"Kombi (= Kombe), Masuku ( = Misuku) Range, Nyasaland; altitude ca. 7,000 feet.","Notes on African Warblers, with descriptions of new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/47/mode/1up","Seicercus ruficapilla johnstoni"],["23143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla quelimanensis","(Vincent, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mozambique (Mount Namuli)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE60AE09",null,null,"Mt. Namuli, Quelimane district, Mozambique, lat. 15° 21' S., long. 37° 4' E.; altitude 5,600 feet.","Descriptions of four new species and eighteen new subspecies collected during the recent Portuguese East African Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/174/mode/1up","Seicercus ruficapilla quelimanensis"],["23144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla alacris","(Clancey, 1969)","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (15) p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique (Mount Gorongoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AD7B13C",null,null,"Mt. Gorongosa, Manica e Sofala, Mozambique; altitude 3,700 feet.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 27. 6. Systematic and distributional notes on Moçambique birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1365","Seicercus ruficapillus alacris"],["23145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla ruficapilla","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (eastern Limpopo southward to KwaZulu-Natal), western Eswatini, and eastern Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FFA7714",null,null,"'in Caffraria inferiore.' Type, in Riksmuseet, Stockholm, from Durban, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 505.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/115/mode/1up","Pogonocichla ruficapilla"],["23146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ruficapilla voelckeri","(Roberts, 1941)","Ostrich 11 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (southern Western Cape eastward coastally to eastern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D7E0AE4",null,null,"Cradocksbush, Knysna, Cape Province.","Notes on some Birds from the Cape Province.",null,"Seicercus ruficapillus voelckeri"],["23147","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.112","Brown Woodland Warbler","Brown Woodland-Warbler","Brown Woodland-warbler",null,null,"patchy in montane forest and juniper woodland, in western Saudi Arabia and western Yemen, and from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and eastern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715234","brwwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwwar1","avibase-E22B8495",null,null,"Semien Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/192/mode/1up","Sylvia (Ficedula) umbrovirens"],["23148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens yemenensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD71BC0C",null,null,"Menacha (= Manakhah), Yemen; altitude 8,000 feet.","Description and remarks on new species of birds collected by G. W. Bury in Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/118/mode/1up","Cryptolopha umbrovirens yemenensis"],["23149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens williamsi","Clancey, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia (Cal Madow mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F40CBC20",null,null,"10 miles north of Erigavo, northern British Somaliland.","A New Race of Phylloscopus umbrovirens (Rüppell) from the Juniper Forests of Northern British Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/28/mode/1up","Phylloscopus umbrovirens williamsi"],["23150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens umbrovirens","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D393A8E",null,null,"Semien Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/192/mode/1up","Sylvia (Ficedula) umbrovirens"],["23151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens omoensis","(Neumann, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.1 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DFD0FC0",null,null,"Banka, Malo, Abyssinia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1904 S. 410).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/222/mode/1up","Cryptolopha umbrovirens omoensis"],["23152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens mackenzianus","(Sharpe, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, northern and eastern Uganda, and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0111363",null,null,"Kikuyu, Kenya.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part III. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/185/mode/1up","Cryptolopha mackensiana"],["23153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens wilhelmi","(Gyldenstolpe, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda and southwestern Uganda (Kivu Volcanoes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-973C5D09",null,null,"Mt. Muhavura, Birunga (= Virunga) Volcanoes, Rwanda/Uganda; altitude 3,200 meters.","Descriptions and notes on new birds obtained during the Swedish Central African Expedition of 1920-21.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/443/mode/1up","Cryptolopha wilhelmi"],["23154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens alpinus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06BA32E4",null,null,"eastern Ruwenzori; altitude 10,000-13,000 feet. Type from the Mubuku valley, Uganda, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 507.","On new subspecies from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/143/mode/1up","Cryptolopha alpina"],["23155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens dorcadichroa","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7504BA5F",null,null,"Kifinika, Mt. Kilimanjaro; altitude 3,000 meters.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/92/mode/1up","Camaroptera dorcadichroa"],["23156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus umbrovirens fugglescouchmani","(Moreau, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6F59DE0",null,null,"Tchenzema, Uluguru Mountains, eastern Tanganyika.","Two new races of Flycatcher-Warbler from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/52/mode/1up","Seicercus umbrovirens fuggles-couchmani"],["23157","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus budongoensis","(Seth-Smith, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.12","Uganda Woodland Warbler","Uganda Woodland-Warbler","Uganda Woodland-warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane dense understory of primary and secondary forest, from southern Cameroon and northern Gabon eastward to Uganda and western Kenya, and southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715228","ugawow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ugawow1","avibase-132E0773",null,null,"Budongo Forest, Uganda.","Description of a new species (Cryptolopha budongoensis) from Budongo, Uganda Protectorate.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/38/mode/1up","Cryptolopha budongoensis"],["23158","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus herberti","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.35","Black-capped Woodland Warbler","Black-capped Woodland-Warbler","Black-capped Woodland-warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane forest in southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715222","bcwwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcwwar1","avibase-7CECD0FB",null,null,"Bakaki (= Bacake), Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/407/mode/1up","Cryptolopha herberti"],["23159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus herberti herberti","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1560246",null,null,"Bakaki (= Bacake), Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/407/mode/1up","Cryptolopha herberti"],["23160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus herberti camerunensis","(Alexander, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE011750",null,null,"Mt. Cameroon.","On behalf of Mr. Boyd Alexander, on new species from the Peak of Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/281/mode/1up","Cryptolopha camerunensis"],["23161","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus laetus","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.9","Red-faced Woodland Warbler","Red-faced Woodland-Warbler","Red-faced Woodland-warbler",null,null,"montane forest in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastward to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715194","rfwwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rfwwar1","avibase-A75DF142",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/379/mode/1up","Cryptolopha laeta"],["23162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus laetus schoutedeni","(Prigogine, 1955)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 52 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5068C2D3",null,null,"Mt. Kabobo, lat, 5° 8' S., long. 29° 2' E., north of Albertville, Belgian Congo.","Une nouvelle forme de Seicercus laetus (Sharpe) du Congo belge.",null,"Seicercus laetus schoutedeni"],["23163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus laetus laetus","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lendu Plateau) and Rwenzori Mountains southward to Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25ADB125",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/379/mode/1up","Cryptolopha laeta"],["23164","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus laurae","(Boulton, 1931)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 21 p.54","Laura's Woodland Warbler","Laura's Woodland-Warbler","Laura's Woodland-warbler",null,null,"disjunct populations in lowland to montane forest, swamp forest, and forest patches in miombo woodland, in western Angola, and from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far southwestern Tanzania southward to northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715200","lauwow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lauwow1","avibase-A10F5F87",null,null,"Mt. Moco, Benguela district, Angola; altitude 6,600 feet.","New species and subspecies of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/82/mode/1up","Seicercus laurae"],["23165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus laurae laurae","(Boulton, 1931)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 21 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola (Mount Moco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-967A88D6",null,null,"Mt. Moco, Benguela district, Angola; altitude 6,600 feet.","New species and subspecies of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/82/mode/1up","Seicercus laurae"],["23166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus laurae eustacei","(Benson, 1954)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 74, no.7 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northwestern Zambia and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6C58196",null,null,"Danger Hill, Mpika district, Northern Rhodesia, lat. 11° 32' S., long. 31° 30' E.; altitude 5,800 feet.","A new race of Warbler from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125678#page/119/mode/1up","Seicercus laurae eustacei"],["23167","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus burkii","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.153","Green-crowned Warbler","Green-crowned Warbler","Green-crowned Warbler",null,null,"breeds western Himalayas (Pakistan to Kashmir and Bhutan); winters India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734347","goswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goswar1","avibase-D83BD358",null,null,"'apud Montes Himalayenses'; restricted to Sikkim by Ticehurst, 1925, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 46, p. 23","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/331/mode/1up","Sylvia Burkii"],["23168","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus tephrocephalus","(Anderson, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.213","Grey-crowned Warbler","Gray-crowned Warbler","Grey-crowned Warbler",null,null,"breeds northern Myanmar to southwestern China and northern Thailand; winters to Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732750","gycwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycwar1","avibase-5ED14FEA",null,null,"Bhamo, Burma.","On eight new Species of Birds from Western Yunan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/261/mode/1up","Culicipeta tephrocephalus"],["23169","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliogenys","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.441","Grey-cheeked Warbler","Gray-cheeked Warbler","Grey-cheeked Warbler",null,null,"montane forest of northern India to southwestern China, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715433","gycwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycwar2","avibase-C8AB31F2",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/497/mode/1up","C[ulicipeta] poliogenys"],["23170","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus intermedius","(La Touche, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.37","White-spectacled Warbler","White-spectacled Warbler","White-spectacled Warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane thick understory of broadleaf forest from northeastern India and Bhutan eastward to southeastern China, and southward to northern Myanmar, northern Laos, and southern Vietnam; some move downslope in winter, some are short-distant migrants to southern China and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715430","whswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whswar1","avibase-1B17E3C3",null,null,"Fohkien (= Fukien).","[Description of three new species of birds from the Province of Fohkien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/475/mode/1up","Cryptolopha intermedia"],["23171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus intermedius zosterops","Elliott & del Hoyo, 2016","Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volume 2: Passerines p.21, 484",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, southwestern China, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9EEC066",null,null,"Nepal",null,null,"Phylloscopus intermedius zosterops"],["23172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus intermedius intermedius","(La Touche, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28469A68",null,null,"Fohkien (= Fukien).","[Description of three new species of birds from the Province of Fohkien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/475/mode/1up","Cryptolopha intermedia"],["23173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus intermedius ocularis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C711C21",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam; altitude 5,200-7,200 feet.","Birds of South Annam and Cochin China","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/538/mode/1up","Cryptolopha tephrocephala ocularis"],["23174","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus omeiensis","(Martens, Eck, Päckert & Sun, 1999)","Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 50 p.290 [281-327]","Martens's Warbler","Martens's Warbler","Martens's Warbler",null,null,"mountains of western China (Sichuan) and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732738","marwar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwar4","avibase-86B50297",null,null,"China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, 2330 m alt., above Xixian Monastery, 5 June 1998","The Golden-spectacled Warbler Seicercus burkii - a species swarm (Aves: Passeriformes: Sylviidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288029399","Seicercus omeiensis"],["23175","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus soror","(Alström & Olsson, 1999)","Ibis vol.141 p.556-557","Alström's Warbler","Alström's Warbler","Alström's Warbler",null,null,"breeds western and southern China; winters to Thailand, Cambodia, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732744","pltwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltwar1","avibase-65EA17D9",null,null,"Hopiachen, Sichuan province, China, 16 September 1902, collected by F.W. Styan","The Golden-spectacled Warbler: a complex of sibling species, including a previously undescribed species.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07363.x","Seicercus soror"],["23176","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus valentini","(Hartert, 1907)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.497","Bianchi's Warbler","Bianchi's Warbler","Bianchi's Warbler",null,null,"patchy in submontane and montane understory of broadleaf forest, rhododendron thickets, bamboo, and scrub near tree-line in coniferous forest, from northernmost Myanmar and south-central China eastward to southeastern China, and southward to northern Vietnam; some short-distant migration to Indochina, some move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732755","biawar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biawar1","avibase-6A26566D",null,null,"Tai-pai Shan, Ch'in Ling Mountains, Shensi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/577/mode/1up","Cryptolopha burkii valentini"],["23177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus valentini valentini","(Hartert, 1907)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southwestern China; winters to southern Yunnan, northwestern Thailand, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49939E65",null,null,"Tai-pai Shan, Ch'in Ling Mountains, Shensi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/577/mode/1up","Cryptolopha burkii valentini"],["23178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus valentini latouchei","(Bangs, 1929)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 11 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5D9D78E",null,null,"Kuatun (= Kuan-t'un), northwestern Fohkien (= Fukien).",null,null,"Seicercus burkii latouchei"],["23179","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus whistleri","(Ticehurst, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.22 [22-23]","Whistler's Warbler","Whistler's Warbler","Whistler's Warbler",null,null,"submontane to montane thick understory in broadleaf forest, rhododendron thickets, bamboo, and scrub in coniferous forest near tree-line, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern Tibet and western Myanmar; downslope migrant to foothills post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732760","whiwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiwar2","avibase-6011D298",null,null,"Dharmsala, Punjab Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/58/mode/1up","Seicercus burkii whistleri"],["23180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus whistleri whistleri","(Ticehurst, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.22 [22-23]",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan to northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA5DD826",null,null,"Dharmsala, Punjab Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/58/mode/1up","Seicercus burkii whistleri"],["23181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus whistleri nemoralis","(Koelz, 1954)","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to southwestern China, Myanmar, and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68832902",null,null,"Sangau, Lushai (= Mizo) Hills, Mizoram, India.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Seicercus burkii nemoralis"],["23182","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus emeiensis","Alström & Olsson, 1995","Ibis vol.137 p.459-468","Emei Leaf Warbler","Emei Leaf Warbler","Emei Leaf-warbler",null,null,"southwestern China (Mount Emei Shan in Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724433","emlwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emlwar1","avibase-FFD86E74",null,null,"between Hongchun and Xianfeng temples on Emei Shan. Sichuan Province,China (29\"31'N,103O2OE). on 29 April 1992 at an altitude of c. 1400 m. Adult male, collected by Urban Olsson and Per Alstrom","A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Sichuan Province, China.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227888404","Phylloscopus emeiensis"],["23183","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nitidus","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.965-966","Green Warbler","Green Warbler","Green Warbler",null,null,"breeds Caucasus to northern Türkiye, northern Iran, and northwestern Afghanistan; winters southern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731553","grnwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnwar1","avibase-3542C46B",null,null,"Calcutta.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/481/mode/1up","Ph[ylloscopus] nitidus"],["23184","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.12 p.330-331","Two-barred Warbler","Two-barred Warbler","Two-barred Warbler",null,null,"breeds southern Siberia to Mongolia and northeastern China; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103845702","grewar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grewar2","avibase-38C788AE",null,null,"between Ta-ku and Peking, in the neighborhood of the Pai Ho River, Province of Chihli, northern China (see Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 297).","Notes on Ornithology taken between Takoo and Peking, in the neighbourhood of the Peiho River, Province of Chelee, North China, from August to December, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/374/mode/1up","Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus"],["23185","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochiloides","(Sundevall, 1837)","Physiographiska Sällskapets Tidskrift 1, pt.1 p.76","Greenish Warbler","Greenish Warbler","Greenish Warbler",null,null,"lowland to montane broadleaf forest, mixed taiga forest, subalpine willow-juniper scrub, and rhododendron thickets, from Finland and Germany eastward to south-central Siberia, and southward through central Asia to northern India, and eastward through Himalayas to central China; migrates in winter to Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, and northern southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103845399","grewar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grewar3","avibase-23EF1BD9",null,null,"Calcutta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20278#page/90/mode/1up","Acanthiza trochiloides"],["23186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochiloides viridanus","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.967-968",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Europe to central Asia and Afghanistan; winters to southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09CC89F1",null,null,"Calcutta.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/483/mode/1up","Ph[ylloscopus] viridanus"],["23187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochiloides ludlowi","Whistler, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Himalayas (Gilgit and Kashmir to Uttarakhand); winters to southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0FD8C94",null,null,"Maran (= Marau) River, two stages from Kishtwar, Kashmir; altitude 5,500 feet.","Description of a new race of Willow-Wren from the Western Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/96/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trochiloides ludlowi"],["23188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochiloides trochiloides","(Sundevall, 1837)","Physiographiska Sällskapets Tidskrift 1, pt.1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas to Tibet and western China; winters northern India to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DD7650B",null,null,"Calcutta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20278#page/90/mode/1up","Acanthiza trochiloides"],["23189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trochiloides obscuratus","Stresemann, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern China to Tibet; winters to Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-703C271A",null,null,"conifer zone, Langs-tang Gorge, southern Ta-t'ung Mountains, northern Kansu ( = northeastern Tsinghai).","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu III.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0074-0075.pdf","Phylloscopus trochiloides obscuratus"],["23190","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus magnirostris","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.966","Large-billed Leaf Warbler","Large-billed Leaf Warbler","Large-billed Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds Kashmir to southern Tibet and southern China; winters to India and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715334","lblwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lblwar1","avibase-C31573A5",null,null,"Calcutta.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/482/mode/1up","Ph[ylloscopus] magnirostris"],["23191","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus tenellipes","Swinhoe, 1860","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.53","Pale-legged Leaf Warbler","Pale-legged Leaf Warbler","Pale-legged Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds river valleys of northeastern Asia; winters in southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715324","pllwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pllwar1","avibase-D0FA2385",null,null,"Amoy ( = Hsia-men), China.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/81/mode/1up","Phylloscopus tenellipes"],["23192","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus borealoides","Portenko, 1950","Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR n.s, 70 p.320","Sakhalin Leaf Warbler","Sakhalin Leaf Warbler","Sakhalin Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and Hokkaido to Shikoku (Japan); winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715329","salwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salwar1","avibase-21AA0D1D",null,null,"Kunashir, southern Kuril Islands.","[New and rare findings of birds in the South-East of Soviet Union].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/414/mode/1up","Phylloscopus tenellipes borealoides"],["23193","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus xanthodryas","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.296","Japanese Leaf Warbler","Japanese Leaf Warbler","Japanese Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu); winters in Philippines and Gulf of Thailand (at least)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735629","arcwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcwar3","avibase-C794AF7E",null,null,"Amoy (= Hsia-men), China.","Catalogue of the Birds of China, with Remarks principally on their Geographical Distribution.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/378/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste xanthodryas"],["23194","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus borealis","(Blasius, 1858)","Naumannia 8 p.313","Arctic Warbler","Arctic Warbler","Arctic Warbler",null,null,"breeds from northern Scandinavia eastward to Siberia (excluding the Kamchatka Peninsula) and western Alaska, southward to south-central Siberia, northern Mongolia, and northeastern China (northeastern Nei Mongol and Heilongjiang); winters from southeastern Asia (Myanmar eastward to Vietnam), southeastern China (Fujian, northern Guangdong), and Taiwan southward to Philippines and Wallacea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103845882","arcwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcwar1","avibase-ECFC7E6C",null,null,"Sea of Okhotsk, lat. 59° 38' N., long. 147° 30' E.","Nr. 25. Briefliche Mittheilungen über Helgoland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49217#page/323/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste borealis"],["23195","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus examinandus","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.353","Kamchatka Leaf Warbler","Kamchatka Leaf Warbler","Kamchatka Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds southern Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and northeastern Hokkaido; winters Philippines and Bali to Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103845868","arcwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arcwar2","avibase-CF467708",null,null,"Bali.","Die Vögel von Bali. Aus den zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/373/mode/1up","Phylloscopus borealis examinandus"],["23196","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps","(Hodgson, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.593","Chestnut-crowned Warbler","Chestnut-crowned Warbler","Chestnut-crowned Warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane oak forest, oak-rhododendron forest, and bamboo thickets, from Nepal and northern India eastward to southeastern China, and southward through Myanmar and Vietnam to Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra; some Chinese populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715436","chcwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcwar2","avibase-F1DD5495",null,null,"Nepal. 1","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/139/mode/1up","Abrornis castaniceps"],["23197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps castaniceps","(Hodgson, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.593",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, and northeastern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7E6971B",null,null,"Nepal. 1","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/139/mode/1up","Abrornis castaniceps"],["23198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps laurentei","(La Touche, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southeastern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC81282A",null,null,"Mengtsz (= Meng-tzu), southeastern Yunnan.","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/275/mode/1up","Cryptolopha castaneiceps laurentei"],["23199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps sinensis","(Rickett, 1898)","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.15 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, and northwestern Fujian) to northern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A61C4249",null,null,"Kuatun ( = Kuan-t'un), Fohkien (= Fukien).","Further Observations on the Birds of the Province of Fohkien, China. With Notes by W. R. Ogilvie-Grant.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/384/mode/1up","Cryptolopha sinensis"],["23200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps collinsi","(Deignan, 1943)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 56, no.5 p.29-30",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (Southern Shan State) to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C79F6356",null,null,"Doi Langka (Khun Tan Range), northwestern Thailand.","New forms of Anthreptes and Seicercus (Aves) from the Indo-Chinese sub-region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/51/mode/1up","Seicercus castaniceps collinsi"],["23201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps stresemanni","(Delacour, 1932)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau) and southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF4ADC49",null,null,"Phou Kong-Ntoul; altitude 1,200 meters.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/434/mode/1up","Seicercus castaniceps stresemanni"],["23202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps annamensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.447-448",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Vietnam (Langbian and Da Lat plateaux)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-932F0234",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks and Dalat, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/537/mode/1up","Cryptolopha castaneiceps annamensis"],["23203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps youngi","(Robinson, 1915)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 5 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of peninsular Thailand (south of Isthmus of Kra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDE95A66",null,null,"Kao Nawng (= Khao Nong), Bandon ( = Surat Thai), northeastern Malay Peninsula; altitude 3,500 feet.","On a collection of birds from the Siamese Province of Bandon, N.E. Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62880#page/142/mode/1up","Cryptolopha youngi"],["23204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps butleri","(Hartert, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09687BFB",null,null,"Gunong Ijau, Perak, Malay Peninsula.","[Exhibition and description of two new birds from the Gunong Ijau, Perak, Malay Peninsula].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/488/mode/1up","Cryptolopha butleri"],["23205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus castaniceps muelleri","(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 73 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"western Sumatra (Barisan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04A3D9AA",null,null,"Barong Bharu, Barisan Range, western Sumatra; altitude 4,000 feet.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and sub-species of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb.-June 1914.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130712#page/328/mode/1up","Cryptolopha muelleri"],["23206","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus grammiceps","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology 2 p.124 pl.34 fig.1","Sunda Warbler","Sunda Warbler",null,"2025-0320","Taxon <em>sumatrensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phylloscopus grammiceps </em>based on vocal and genetic data. Sometimes considered to be separate species based on call notes and plumage differences, the songs of <em>sumatrensis </em>and <em>grammiceps </em>are indistinguishable (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021) and mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Alström et al. 2018b). More extensive genomic and bioacoustic research on the <em>P. grammiceps-montis-castaniceps</em> complex is required.","montane Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,"sunwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunwar1","avibase-D3BF3262",null,null,"no locality; Asia, fide Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Avium, 1, p. 324; Java, fide G. R. Gray, 1869, Hand-list Gen. Sp. Birds, 1, p. 323.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/269/mode/1up","Pycnosphrys grammiceps"],["23207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus grammiceps sumatrensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 73 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97638612",null,null,"Sungei, Kumbang, Korinchi (= Kerinci), western Sumatra; altitude 4,700 feet.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and sub-species of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb.-June 1914.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130712#page/327/mode/1up","Cryptolopha sumatrensis"],["23208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus grammiceps grammiceps","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology 2 p.124 pl.34 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4534CB0D",null,null,"no locality; Asia, fide Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Avium, 1, p. 324; Java, fide G. R. Gray, 1869, Hand-list Gen. Sp. Birds, 1, p. 323.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/269/mode/1up","Pycnosphrys grammiceps"],["23209","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus montis","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.442","Yellow-breasted Warbler","Yellow-breasted Warbler","Yellow-breasted Warbler",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Greater Sundas (except Java), Flores, and Timor (central and eastern Lesser Sundas), and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715439","yebwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebwar2","avibase-1AFEC004",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/498/mode/1up","Cryptolopha montis"],["23210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus montis davisoni","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.3 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of southern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35149566",null,null,"Gunong Ulu Batang Padang, Perak, Malay Peninsula; altitude 4,200 feet.","List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the Main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/333/mode/1up","Cryptolopha davisoni"],["23211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus montis barisanus","Christie & Elliott, 2016","Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volume 2: Passerines p.21, 486",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25CF2994",null,null,"Bandar Baroe (= Bandarbaru), Deli, northeastern Sumatra.",null,null,"Phylloscopus montis barisanus"],["23212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus montis montis","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Borneo (Kinabalu to Poi Range)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-209C82F9",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/498/mode/1up","Cryptolopha montis"],["23213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus montis xanthopygius","(Whitehead, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.6 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC3DB3D0",null,null,"mountains of Palawan.","[A new species of Cryptolopha from the island of Palawan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/57/mode/1up","Cryptolopha xanthopygia"],["23214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus montis floris","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43D3A310",null,null,"hills of southern Flores, above 3500 ft.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/189/mode/1up","Cryptolopha montis floris"],["23215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus montis paulinae","(Mayr, 1944)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0ED5BA8",null,null,"Mt. Mutis, Timor; altitude 1,800 meters; February 26, 1932; Georg Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Seicercus montis paulinae"],["23216","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus calciatilis","Alström, Davidson, Duckworth et al., 2009","Ibis vol.152 p.145-168","Limestone Leaf Warbler","Limestone Leaf Warbler","Limestone Leaf-warbler",null,null,"northern and central Laos, and northern and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103845991","limlew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/limlew1","avibase-C24A5DDC",null,null,"Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam","Description of a new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Vietnam and Laos","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00990.x","Phylloscopus calciatilis"],["23217","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ricketti","(Slater, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.174 pl.4 fig.2","Sulphur-breasted Warbler","Sulphur-breasted Warbler","Sulphur-breasted Warbler",null,null,"breeds mountains of southern China; winters to Laos and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715372","subwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subwar3","avibase-93C31E93",null,null,"Kuatun (= Kuan-t'un), northwestern Fohkien (= Fukien).","On a Further Collection of Birds, made by Messrs. La Touche and Rickett, from N. W. Fohkien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/222/mode/1up","Cryptolopha ricketti"],["23218","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus cantator","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.576","Yellow-vented Warbler","Yellow-vented Warbler","Yellow-vented Warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane dense broadleaf evergreen forest, and bamboo, from eastern Nepal eastward through Himalayas to northern Myanmar, and southward from south-central China and northeastern Thailand to central Laos; some populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715369","yevwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yevwar1","avibase-758EC511",null,null,"Barabhum and Dhalbhum, Bihar, India; inferentially restricted to Barabhum, Lower Bengal, by Ticehurst, 1938, p. 184.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/634/mode/1up","M[otacilla] Cantator"],["23219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus cantator cantator","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of Sikkim and northeastern India to Myanmar; winters to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93B27806",null,null,"Barabhum and Dhalbhum, Bihar, India; inferentially restricted to Barabhum, Lower Bengal, by Ticehurst, 1938, p. 184.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/634/mode/1up","M[otacilla] Cantator"],["23220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus cantator pernotus","Bangs & Van Tyne, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 18, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AF916A9",null,null,"Muong Yo, Laos [=Boon Neua, Phongsaly Province].","Descriptions of five new Indo-Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20787#page/10/mode/1up","Phylloscopus pernotus"],["23221","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus occipitalis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.593","Western Crowned Warbler","Western Crowned Warbler","Western Crowned Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds mountains of eastern Afghanistan and Kashmir; winters in India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715344","weclew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weclew1","avibase-9517BF86",null,null,"southern India. Type, in Indian Museum, Calcutta, from Nellore, fide Ticehurst, 1938, p. 157.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/139/mode/1up","Ph[yllopneuste] occipitalis"],["23222","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus reguloides","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.191","Blyth's Leaf Warbler","Blyth's Leaf Warbler","Blyth's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane oak-rhododendron forest, locally conifer and mixed deciduous forest, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to southeastern India, western Thailand, and southern Vietnam; Himalayan populations move downslope to foothills in winter, some populations short-distance migrant to Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734278","blylew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blylew1","avibase-1219F329",null,null,"Darjeeling, fide Ripley, 1982, Synop. Birds India Pakistan, ed. 2, p. 439.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/225/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste reguloides"],["23223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus reguloides kashmiriensis","Ticehurst, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Himalayas from northern Pakistan (Murree Hills) and Kashmir eastward to northern India (Simla eastward to Garhwal); winters in foothills",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80DD62ED",null,null,"Simla.","Descriptions of two new forms of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/55/mode/1up","Phylloscopus reguloides kashmiriensis"],["23224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus reguloides reguloides","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of northern India to Nepal, southern Tibet, and southern China (southwestern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6172BE7C",null,null,"Darjeeling, fide Ripley, 1982, Synop. Birds India Pakistan, ed. 2, p. 439.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/225/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste reguloides"],["23225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus reguloides assamensis","Hartert, 1921","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.2139",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam) to northern Myanmar and southwestern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF850DC",null,null,"Peak near Shillong, Khasia Hills [= Peak near Shillong, Khasi hills, Meghalaya.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35122#page/418/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trochiloides assamensis"],["23226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus reguloides ticehursti","Delacour & Greenway, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58D0F050",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.","A new Race of Warbler from South Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/181/mode/1up","Phylloscopus reguloides ticehurst"],["23227","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus claudiae","(La Touche, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.22","Claudia's Leaf Warbler","Claudia's Leaf Warbler","Claudia's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"breeds mountains of western China to eastern Tibet; winters to southern China and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734268","clalew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clalew1","avibase-0B7734A6",null,null,"Mengtz (= Meng-tzu), southeastern Yunnan.","Descriptions of new forms of Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/428/mode/1up","Acanthopneuste trochiloides claudiae"],["23228","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus goodsoni","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.240","Hartert's Leaf Warbler","Hartert's Leaf Warbler","Hartert's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"foothill to montane oak-rhododendron forest in southeastern China; short-distant migrant to south-central China (including Hainan), and northern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734273","harlew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harlew1","avibase-C1BD4698",null,null,"Lei Muimon, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/260/mode/1up","Phylloscopus goodsoni"],["23229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus goodsoni fokiensis","Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (western Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, northwestern Fujian, and Anhui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F815FA4",null,null,"Kuatun (= Kuan-t'un), Fohkien (= Fukien).","Remarks on, and exhibition of, the genera Myrmecocichla and Phylloscopus, with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/367/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trochiloides fokiensis"],["23230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus goodsoni goodsoni","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"breeding range unknown; winters on Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C39CC6BF",null,null,"Lei Muimon, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/260/mode/1up","Phylloscopus goodsoni"],["23231","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus hainanus","Olsson, Alström & Colston, 1993","Ibis vol.135 p.3-7","Hainan Leaf Warbler","Hainan Leaf Warbler","Hainan Leaf-warbler",null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715363","halwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/halwar1","avibase-EFE75F2E",null,null,"Diao Lou, Lingshui County, south Hainan, Guangdong Province, China (18\"47'N, 110Q5'E). on 20 April 1962.","A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Hainan Island, China.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229992296","Phylloscopus hainanus"],["23232","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ogilviegranti","(La Touche, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.55","Kloss's Leaf Warbler","Kloss's Leaf Warbler","Kloss's Leaf-warbler",null,null,"southern and southeastern China, southern Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734257","klolew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/klolew1","avibase-36A98202",null,null,"Kuatun (= Kuan-t'un), northwestern Fokhien (= Fukien).","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/277/mode/1up","Acanthopneuste davisoni ogilvie-granti"],["23233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ogilviegranti disturbans","(La Touche, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Sichuan to southeastern Yunnan, northern Guizhou, and southeastern Hunan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8911BBCF",null,null,"Mentz (= Meng-tzu), southeastern Yunnan.","Descriptions of new forms of Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/428/mode/1up","Acanthopneuste trochiloides disturbans"],["23234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ogilviegranti ogilviegranti","(La Touche, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (northwestern Fujian and adjacent Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C7A856E",null,null,"Kuatun (= Kuan-t'un), northwestern Fokhien (= Fukien).","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/277/mode/1up","Acanthopneuste davisoni ogilvie-granti"],["23235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus ogilviegranti klossi","(Riley, 1922)","The Auk 39, no.4 p.560",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0792B5DB",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam; altitude 6,000-7,000 feet.","A new Warbler from Southern Annam.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol39/iss4/10/","Acanthopneuste klossi"],["23236","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus intensior","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.209","Davison's Leaf Warbler","Davison's Leaf Warbler","White-tailed Leaf-warbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane deciduous woodland, mixed conifer forest, and bamboo, from northeastern Myanmar, south-central China, and northern Vietnam, and southward to southwestern Thailand, and in southeastern Thailand and western Cambodia; some move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734251","davlew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/davlew1","avibase-81E5B0CF",null,null,"Khao Kuap, lat, 12° 25' N., long. 102° 50' E., Trat Province, Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/433/mode/1up","Phylloscopus davisoni intensior"],["23237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus intensior muleyitensis","(Dickinson & Christidis, 2014)","The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 4th ed. 4th ed.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern China to eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D074E23",null,null,"Mt. Muleyit, Tenasserim [=Mount Mulayit, Myanmar]",null,"https://www.aviansystematics.org/checklist","Seicercus klossi muleyitensis"],["23238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus intensior intensior","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand (Trat) to mountains of northern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDE47AE1",null,null,"Khao Kuap, lat, 12° 25' N., long. 102° 50' E., Trat Province, Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/433/mode/1up","Phylloscopus davisoni intensior"],["23239","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus xanthoschistos","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.65","Grey-hooded Warbler","Gray-hooded Warbler","Grey-hooded Warbler",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf forest, and shrubs in open mixed forest, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern Tibet and northwestern Myanmar; some populations move downslope to foothills in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715423","gyhwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhwar2","avibase-AA897420",null,null,"Nepal = central valley, fide Fleming and Traylor, 1964, Fieldiana, Zool., 35, p. 543.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/81/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste xanthoschistos"],["23240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus xanthoschistos albosuperciliaris","(Jerdon, 1863)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan (east from Kohat), Kashmir, and northern India eastward to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-908D1025",null,null,"Cashmere [= Kashmir.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/216/mode/1up","Abrornis albo-superciliaris"],["23241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus xanthoschistos xanthoschistos","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27D18396",null,null,"Nepal = central valley, fide Fleming and Traylor, 1964, Fieldiana, Zool., 35, p. 543.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/81/mode/1up","Phyllopneuste xanthoschistos"],["23242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus xanthoschistos jerdoni","(Brooks, 1871)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.248-249",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal, far southern China (southern Tibet), Bhutan, and northeastern India (eastward to Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B47BBB6",null,null,"Sikkim.","Description of a New Species of Abrornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/296/mode/1up","Abrornis Jerdoni"],["23243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus xanthoschistos flavogularis","(Godwin-Austen, 1877)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46, pt.2, no.1 p.44,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Abor and Mishmi hills) to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8A49EBC",null,null,"Sadiya, Assam.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds of the Genera Pellorneum, Actinura, and Pomatorhinus; lately collected in the neighbourhood of Saddya, Assam, by Mr. M. J. Ogle of the Topographical Survey'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110105#page/54/mode/1up","Abrornis flavogularis"],["23244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus xanthoschistos tephrodiras","(Sick, 1939)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 47 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam, Nagaland, and Manipur) to Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-037DA6E9",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills, Burma; altitude 1,600 meters.","Zwei neue Rassen vom Mt. Victoria, südliche Chin-Hills, Burma.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447452&seq=92","Seicercus xanthoschistus tephrodiras"],["23245","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus rotiensis","Ng, Prawiradilaga, Ng et al., 2018","Scientific Reports 8 p.5 (15646)","Rote Leaf Warbler","Rote Leaf Warbler","Rote Leaf-warbler",null,null,"Rote (Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155224052","rolwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rolwar1","avibase-9D5FE97B",null,null,"dry woodland close to Bolatena village in kecamatan (=district) Rote-Timur, kabupaten (=regency) of Rote Ndao, on Rote Island, in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia. Coordinates: 10°35'26.21\"S, 123°15'31.91\"E","A striking new species of leaf warbler from the Lesser Sundas as uncovered through morphology and genomics","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-34101-7","Phylloscopus rotiensis"],["23246","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trivirgatus","Strickland, 1849","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.123-24, pl.34 fig.2","Mountain Leaf Warbler","Mountain Leaf Warbler",null,"2025-0317","Taxon <em>nigrorum </em>(polytypic) is split from <em>Phylloscopus trivirgatus </em>(polytypic) based on plumage and genetics. Mitochondrial-dominated data consistently identify the Philippine group (<em>nigrorum</em>) as distinct from the <em>trivirgatus </em>group (Olsson et al. 2005; Jones &amp; Kennedy 2008; Shakya et al. 2018); deep divergences among clades within <em>nigrorum </em>(Campbell et al. 2016) indicate that a more comprehensive review of this complex is warranted.","montane Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and western Lesser Sundas",null,null,null,"mouwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwar2","avibase-729B0E98",null,null,"Java.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/266/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trivirgatus"],["23247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trivirgatus parvirostris","Stresemann, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7179CA4",null,null,"Gunung Tahon (= Gunong Tahan), Pahang, Malaya; altitude 5,200 feet.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/342/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trivirgatus parvirostris"],["23248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trivirgatus trivirgatus","Strickland, 1849","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.123-24, pl.34 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Java, Bali, northwestern Borneo, Lombok, and Sumbawa (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-106485EC",null,null,"Java.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/266/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trivirgatus"],["23249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trivirgatus kinabaluensis","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF0D7A35",null,null,"Kina Balu.","[Description of the Cryptolopha from Kina Balu as a distinct species].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/218/mode/1up","Cryptolopha kinabaluensis"],["23250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus trivirgatus sarawacensis","(Chasen, 1938)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Borneo (Poi mountains of western Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA3C12BB",null,null,"Poi Mountains, western Sarawak; altitude 4,500 feet.","Vier neue Vogelrassen aus Malaysia.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0005-0008.pdf#page=3","Seicercus trivirgatus sarawacensis"],["23251","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus presbytes","(Blyth, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.169","Timor Leaf Warbler","Timor Leaf Warbler","Timor Leaf-warbler","2025-0435","Taxon <em>floresianus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phylloscopus presbytes</em> based on overall similarities in plumage and vocalizations (Ng et al. 2018), accompanied by moderate mitochondrial DNA divergence (Reeve et al. 2023b). However, this creates an unusual biogeographic linkage, and further study is required.","montane Flores, Timor, and Atauro (north of East Timor; eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155223332","tilwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tilwar2","avibase-789702E0",null,null,"Timor.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/191/mode/1up","Sylvia presbytes"],["23252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus presbytes presbytes","(Blyth, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17ECBCEB",null,null,"Timor.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/191/mode/1up","Sylvia presbytes"],["23253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus presbytes floresianus","(Dickinson & Christidis, 2014)","The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 4th ed. 4th ed.FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DDBAA6F",null,null,"Flores [Indonesia]",null,"https://www.aviansystematics.org/checklist","Seicercus presbytes floresianus"],["23254","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum","(Moseley, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.47, pl. II, fig. 1","Negros Leaf Warbler","Negros Leaf Warbler",null,"2025-0317","Taxon <em>nigrorum </em>(polytypic) is split from <em>Phylloscopus trivirgatus </em>(polytypic) based on plumage and genetics. Mitochondrial-dominated data consistently identify the Philippine group (<em>nigrorum</em>) as distinct from the <em>trivirgatus </em>group (Olsson et al. 2005; Jones &amp; Kennedy 2008; Shakya et al. 2018); deep divergences among clades within <em>nigrorum </em>(Campbell et al. 2016) indicate that a more comprehensive review of this complex is warranted.","montane Philippines (except East Visayas and Zamboanga Peninsula to Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,"mouwar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwar4","avibase-AE9B0CE7",null,null,"Lake Danao, southern Negros, Philippines.","Descriptions of two new Species of Flycatchers from the Island of Negros, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/79/mode/1up","Cryptolopha nigrorum"],["23255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum peterseni","Salomonsen, 1962","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 56, Noona Dan papers no.2 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3314EB84",null,null,"Mt. Mataling (= Mantaling), Mantalingajan Range, Palawan Island; altitude 1,300 meters.","The Mountain Bird Fauna of Palawan, Philippine Islands.","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1241/download/doft-56-1962-129-134-the-mountain-bird-fauna-of-palawan-philippine-islands","Phylloscopus trivirgatus peterseni"],["23256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum benguetensis","Ripley & Rabor, 1958","Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 13 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECA5F193",null,null,"Haight's Place, Benguet, Luzon, Philippines.","Notes on a collection of birds from Mindoro Island, Philippines.",null,"Phylloscopus trivirgatus benguetensis"],["23257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum nigrorum","(Moseley, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.47, pl. II, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (southern Luzon, Negros, and Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82AE4A08",null,null,"Lake Danao, southern Negros, Philippines.","Descriptions of two new Species of Flycatchers from the Island of Negros, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/79/mode/1up","Cryptolopha nigrorum"],["23258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum diuatae","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"Diuata Mountains of northeastern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D803D0F3",null,null,"Mt. Hilonghilong, Diuata Mountains, Agusan Province, Mindanao; altitude 1,300 meters.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Phylloscopus trivirgatus diuatae"],["23259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum mindanensis","(Hartert, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (Mount Apo and Mount Mayo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A298C78C",null,null,"Apo Volcano; altitude 8,000 feet.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/492/mode/1up","Cryptolopha mindanensis"],["23260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum malindangensis","(Mearns, 1909)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.440-441",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (Mount Malindang and Zamboanga Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06607AD1",null,null,"Grand Malindang Mountain, Misamis Occidental Province, northwestern Mindanao; altitude slightly above 9,000 feet.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/548/mode/1up","Cryptolopha malindangensis"],["23261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nigrorum flavostriatus","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao (Mount Katanglad and mountains of Misamis Oriental)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BBBD982",null,null,"Kaatoan, Mt. Katanglad, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao; altitude 1,250 meters.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101390#page/27/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trivirgatus flavostriatus"],["23262","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus sarasinorum","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.1 p.9","Lompobattang Leaf Warbler","Lompobattang Leaf Warbler","Lompobattang Leaf-warbler","2025-0318","Taxon <em>nesophilus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Phylloscopus sarasinorum </em>(monotypic) based on differences in plumage and song (Berryman &amp; Eaton 2020), supported by available mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Ng et al. 2018). A more comprehensive genetic review is warranted.","mountains of southern Sulawesi",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216917007","sulwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulwar3","avibase-AB9B9FEF",null,null,"Bonthain Mountains (= Mt. Lompobatang), southern Celebes; altitude 1,300-2,600 meters.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/25/mode/1up","Cryptolopha sarasinorum"],["23263","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus nesophilus","(Riley, 1918)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.159","Sulawesi Leaf Warbler","Sulawesi Leaf Warbler","Sulawesi Leaf-warbler","2025-0318","Taxon <em>nesophilus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Phylloscopus sarasinorum </em>(monotypic) based on differences in plumage and song (Berryman &amp; Eaton 2020), supported by available mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Ng et al. 2018). A more comprehensive genetic review is warranted.","mountains of northern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216916973","sulwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulwar1","avibase-74ED769B",null,null,"Mt. Lehio, Celebes.","Two new genera and eight new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/199/mode/1up","Cryptolopha nesophila"],["23264","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus amoenus","(Hartert, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.13","Kolombangara Leaf Warbler","Kolombangara Leaf Warbler","Kolombangara Leaf-warbler",null,null,"montane forest of Kolombangara (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715412","kullew1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kullew1","avibase-0480ACAC",null,null,"Kulambangra (= Kolombangara), Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Mochthopoeus amoenus"],["23265","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus maforensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.119","Numfor Leaf Warbler","Numfor Leaf Warbler","Numfor Leaf-warbler",null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866023","isllew9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isllew9","avibase-E25490A1",null,null,"Mafoor = Numfoor Island.",null,null,"Gerygone maforensis"],["23266","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus misoriensis","Meise, 1931","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.3 p.318, note 1","Biak Leaf Warbler","Biak Leaf Warbler","Biak Leaf-warbler",null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866018","isllew10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isllew10","avibase-0BD8476A",null,null,"Misori I. (= Biak I.), New Guinea","Zur Systematik des Gattung Gerygone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/354/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trivirgatus misoriensis"],["23267","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus makirensis","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.5","Makira Leaf Warbler","Makira Leaf Warbler",null,"2025-0319","Taxon <em>makirensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Phylloscopus poliocephalus </em>(polytypic); however, the entire Island Leaf Warbler complex is in need of a comprehensive taxonomic revision based on bioacoustic, morphological, and genomic analyses.","Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"sclwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sclwar1","avibase-3E0F39AF",null,null,"San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Phylloscopus trivirgatus makirensis"],["23268","species","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.960","Island Leaf Warbler","Island Leaf Warbler",null,"2025-0319","Taxon <em>makirensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Phylloscopus poliocephalus </em>(polytypic); however, the entire Island Leaf Warbler complex is in need of a comprehensive taxonomic revision based on bioacoustic, morphological, and genomic analyses.","Banggai and Sula islands (east of Sulawesi), Moluccas to New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands",null,null,null,"islwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islwar1","avibase-E786627E",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/966/mode/1up","Gerygone? poliocephala"],["23269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus suaramerdu","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 33-37 [p. 33]",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-362F86E4",null,null,"20 Dec 2013 above Kokolomboi village (~950m) on Peleng Island (S 01° 17.561'; E 122° 52.520').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Phylloscopus suaramerdu"],["23270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus emilsalimi","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 37-47 [p. 37]",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Taliabu (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90C6C0C9",null,null,"9 Dec 2013 at Waiyo dinahana Camp (~1200m) above the village of Wahe on Taliabu Island (S 01° 47.614'; E 124° 48.216').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Phylloscopus emilsalimi"],["23271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus henrietta","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Halmahera and Ternate)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA05FA62",null,null,"Mt. Gamkonora, northern Halmahera; altitude 1,200 meters.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. V. Zur Ornithologie von Halmahera und Batjan.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0167-0171.pdf#page=2","Phylloscopus poliocephalus henrietta"],["23272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus waterstradti","(Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.9-10",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Moluccas (Bacan and Obi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A094C06",null,null,"Batjan; altitude 5,000-7,000 feet.","The Birds of the Obi Group, Central Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/23/mode/1up","Cryptolopha everetti waterstradti"],["23273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus everetti","(Hartert, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB2BBBCD",null,null,"Mt. Mada, Bum.","[Exhibition of six new species of birds from Buru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/551/mode/1up","Acanthopneuste everetti"],["23274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus ceramensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southern Moluccas (Seram and Ambon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B351621",null,null,"Mt. Karobi, Ceram; altitude 2,500 feet.","Descriptions of three new species of birds collected by the late Mr. W. Stalker in Ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/362/mode/1up","Cryptolopha ceramensis"],["23275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus avicola","Hartert, 1924","Treubia 6 p.24-25",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Kai Besar Island (Kai Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79EA661E",null,null,"Mt. Daab, Great Kai Island; altitude 300 meters.","Über einige neue Vögel aus dem indo-australischen Archipel und deren Verwandte.",null,"Phylloscopus trivirgatus avicola"],["23276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus matthiae","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D34BAE61",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Exhibition of some birds from St. Matthias Island and descriptions of some new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/80/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trivirgatus matthiae"],["23277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus moorhousei","Gilliard & LeCroy, 1967","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135, art.4 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"montane New Britain and Umboi (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6679072",null,null,"Wild Dog Range, Whiteman Mountains, central New Britain.","Results of the 1958-59 Gilliard New Britain expedition. 4. Annotated list of birds of the Whiteman mountains, New Britain.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1986","Phylloscopus trivirgatus moorhousei"],["23278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus leletensis","Salomonsen, 1965","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 128 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"montane New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EB517C9",null,null,"New Ireland.","Notes on the mountain leaf-warbler (Phylloscopus trivirgatus Strickland) in the Bismarck Archipelago.",null,"Phylloscopus trivirgatus leletensis"],["23279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus poliocephalus","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.960",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northwestern New Guinea (Tamrau, Arfak, and Wandammen mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-860621B1",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/966/mode/1up","Gerygone? poliocephala"],["23280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus albigularis","Hartert & Paludan, 1936","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 21, heft 2 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"montane west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A170AC8",null,null,"Mt. Derimapa, Weyland Mountains; altitude 5,000 feet.","On a collection of Birds made by Mr. F. Shaw Mayer in the Weyland Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, in 1930.",null,"Phylloscopus trivirgatus albigularis"],["23281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus cyclopum","Hartert, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northern New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F9E173F",null,null,"Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/85/mode/1up","Phylloscopus trivirgatus cyclopum"],["23282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus giulianettii","(Salvadori, 1896)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"montane New Guinea (Snow, Sepik, Saruwaged, and Herzog mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E83F4759",null,null,"Moroka, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/89/mode/1up","Gerygone giulianettii"],["23283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus hamlini","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDDC25C6",null,null,"Goodenough Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago. November 20, 1928; Hannibal Hamlin.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Phylloscopus trivirgatus hamlini"],["23284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus becki","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Guadalcanal, Santa Isabel, and Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-252C8896",null,null,"Guadalcanal.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 8. Notes on Birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Phylloscopus trivirgatus becki"],["23285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus bougainvillei","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-835D4137",null,null,"Bougainville, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Phylloscopus trivirgatus bougainvillei"],["23286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phylloscopidae","Leaf Warblers","Phylloscopus poliocephalus pallescens","Mayr, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Kolombangara (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60DC4207",null,null,"Kulambangra (= Kolombangara), Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 30. Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Phylloscopus trivirgatus pallescens"],["23287","family","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotidae",null,null,"Bulbuls","Bulbuls","Bulbuls",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pycnon4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pycnon4/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["23288","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Andropadus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus importunus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation and monotypy = Turdus importunus Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/659/mode/1up","Andropadus"],["23289","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Andropadus importunus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.266","Sombre Greenbul","Sombre Greenbul","Sombre Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, riverine bush, and dense coastal scrub, from far southern Ethiopia, southern Somalia, and central and coastal Kenya, southward through coastal Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, and from southern Zambia southward to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712795","somgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somgre1","avibase-79A45DAF",null,null,"Anteniquoi [= Outeniqua] Forest [Cape Province].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/284/mode/1up","Turdus importunus"],["23290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Andropadus importunus insularis","Hartlaub, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.97-98",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to Kenya and northern Tanzania; Manda Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1B4379F",null,null,"west coast of Madagascar [probably = Zanzibar. See Reichenow, Vög. Afr., 3, p. 409, footnote].","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/109/mode/1up","Andropadus insularis"],["23291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Andropadus importunus importunus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern South Africa (southward along coast to southwestern Western Cape) and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D99BB41",null,null,"Anteniquoi [= Outeniqua] Forest [Cape Province].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/284/mode/1up","Turdus importunus"],["23292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Andropadus importunus oleaginus","Peters, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, northeastern South Africa (southward to northern KwaZulu-Natal), and eastern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F305EC75",null,null,"Lourenzo Marques.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/145/mode/1up","Andropadus oleaginus"],["23293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Andropadus importunus hypoxanthus","Sharpe, 1876","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2, Pt3 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to Malawi, Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37A08FB4",null,null,"Tette, Zambesi country.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/253/mode/1up","Andropadus hypoxanthus"],["23294","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Calyptocichla","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.2 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Criniger serinus [J. & E. Verreaux, 1855]; type by original designation",null,"The avian genus Bleda Bonaparte and some of its allies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/261/mode/1up","Calyptocichla"],["23295","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Calyptocichla serinus","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.105","Golden Greenbul","Golden Greenbul","Golden Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, forest edge, plantations, and abandoned cultivation, from Sierra Leone eastward through southern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712833","golgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golgre1","avibase-3B3C39F1",null,null,"Gabon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/117/mode/1up","Criniger serinus"],["23296","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Stelgidillas","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1182 p.30.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Andropadus gracilirostris [Strickland, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/60/mode/1up","Stelgidillas"],["23297","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Stelgidillas gracilirostris","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.101","Slender-billed Greenbul","Slender-billed Greenbul","Slender-billed Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, farmbush, and wooded savanna, from southwestern Senegal eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan and central Kenya, thence southward to northwestern Angola and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712791","slbgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbgre1","avibase-5D82C13B",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/113/mode/1up","Andropadus gracilirostris"],["23298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Stelgidillas gracilirostris gracilirostris","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Senegal and Guinea to far southern South Sudan, central Uganda, and western Kenya, southward to northern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7B561DD",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/113/mode/1up","Andropadus gracilirostris"],["23299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Stelgidillas gracilirostris percivali","(Neumann, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 no.12 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Kenya to far western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA189717",null,null,"Fort Smith, Kikuyu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/203/mode/1up","Criniger gracilirostris percivali"],["23300","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Neolestes","Cabanis, 1875","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Neolestes torquatus [Cabanis, 1875]; type by monotypy",null,"Protokoll der LXXI. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/249/mode/1up","Neolestes"],["23301","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Neolestes torquatus","Cabanis, 1875","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.237 pl.1 fig.1","Black-collared Bulbul","Black-collared Bulbul","Black-collared Bulbul",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane brushy wooded grassland, tall dense grassland, termitariahickets, and abandoned cultivation, from eastern Gabon and Republic of the Congo eastward (avoiding rainforest) to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Rwanda, and southward to western Angola and far northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713256","blcbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcbul1","avibase-B7F05102",null,null,"no locality given. Described from specimen from Chinchoxo, Loango Coast (Reichenow, 1903, Vög. Afr., 2, p. 556).","[Über die neuerdings eingegangene dritte Sendung des Dr. Falkenstein].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/249/mode/1up","Neolestes torquatus"],["23302","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda","Bonaparte, 1857","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dasycephala syndactyla [Swainson, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/58/mode/1up","Bleda"],["23303","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda syndactylus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.261","Red-tailed Bristlebill","Red-tailed Bristlebill","Red-tailed Bristlebill",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest, gallery forest, and dense thickets, from Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya, thence southward to northern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713056","combri2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combri2","avibase-5A94FEAE",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/321/mode/1up","Dasycephala syndactyla"],["23304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda syndactylus syndactylus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Gabon, northwestern Angola, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B9B9C8F",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/321/mode/1up","Dasycephala syndactyla"],["23305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda syndactylus woosnami","Ogilvie-Grant, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern DR Congo to southern South Sudan, western Kenya, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0841F4E2",null,null,"Mpanga Forest, 5,000 feet, Uganda.","Exhibition of two new species from the Mpanga Forest.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/511/mode/1up","Bleda woosnami"],["23306","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda eximius","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.356","Green-tailed Bristlebill","Green-tailed Bristlebill","Green-tailed Bristlebill",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory of Upper Guinea rainforest, and old secondary forest, from Sierra Leone eastward to western Togo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713069","gntbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gntbri1","avibase-68043A88",null,null,"Dabocrom, Gold Coast.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/368/mode/1up","Trichophorus eximius"],["23307","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda canicapillus","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.1 p.25","Grey-headed Bristlebill","Gray-headed Bristlebill","Grey-headed Bristlebill",null,null,"lowland to foothill evergreen and semi-deciduous forest, gallery forest, forest-savanna mosaic, woodland thickets, and old secondary forest, from Senegambia eastward to central Nigeria and far southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713083","gyhbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbri1","avibase-D4B9EE90",null,null,"Sierra Leone, Gambia.","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's. (Fortsetzung von Jahrgang I, S. 385-400.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/661/mode/1up","Trichophorus canicapillus"],["23308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda canicapillus canicapillus","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea-Bissau to southwestern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9F70626",null,null,"Sierra Leone, Gambia.","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's. (Fortsetzung von Jahrgang I, S. 385-400.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/661/mode/1up","Trichophorus canicapillus"],["23309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda canicapillus morelorum","Érard, 1992","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 62 no.3 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Gambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D84A154",null,null,"Senegambia","Bleda canicapilla morelorum, émendation du nom subspécifique d'une bulbul récemment décrit du Sénégal.",null,"Bleda canicapilla morelorum"],["23310","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda notatus","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.159","Yellow-lored Bristlebill","Yellow-lored Bristlebill","Yellow-lored Bristlebill","2025-1010","Taxon <em>ugandae </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Bleda notatus</em> based on a combination of mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Huntley &amp; Voelker 2016), plumage, morphometrics, and vocal differences.","lowland forest understory, swamp-forest, and old secondary forest, from southeastern Nigeria eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to western Central African Republic, and southward to far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103817273","lesbri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesbri1","avibase-4F97BFE1",null,null,"Moonda River, western Africa [Gabon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/179/mode/1up","Trichophorus notatus"],["23311","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Bleda ugandae","Van Someren, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.116","Yellow-eyed Bristlebill","Yellow-eyed Bristlebill","Yellow-eyed Bristlebill","2025-1010","Taxon <em>ugandae </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Bleda notatus</em> based on a combination of mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Huntley &amp; Voelker 2016), plumage, morphometrics, and vocal differences.","lowland to foothill Congolian rainforest understory, swamp-forest, and old secondary forest, from southwestern Central African Republic eastward to southwestern South Sudan and Uganda, and southward to southeastern Republic of Congo, south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103817309","lesbri3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesbri3","avibase-1D9175EA",null,null,"Mabira Forest, Uganda.","Exhibition and description of three new Birds from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/146/mode/1up","Bleda exima ugandae"],["23312","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.2 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Xenocichla nigriceps [Shelley, 1890]; type by original designation",null,"The avian genus Bleda Bonaparte and some of its allies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/259/mode/1up","Arizelocichla"],["23313","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla montana","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.188","Cameroon Mountain Greenbul","Cameroon Mountain Greenbul","Cameroon Mountain Greenbul",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, montane forest, forest edge and clearings, secondary regrowth and adjacent scrub, in highlands of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712750","camgre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camgre2","avibase-0802ADF1",null,null,"Buea, 950 m., Cameroon Mt.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/202/mode/1up","Andropadus montanus"],["23314","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla tephrolaema","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.444","Western Mountain Greenbul","Western Mountain Greenbul","Western Mountain Greenbul",null,null,"foothill to montane forest of southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712804","wesmog1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesmog1","avibase-DA399CC6",null,null,"Cameroon Mt., 7,000 feet.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/460/mode/1up","Trichophorus tephrolaemus"],["23315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla tephrolaema bamendae","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Nigeria and adjacent western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF5843AA",null,null,"near Bamenda (5,500 feet), Cameroon highlands.","Descriptions of four new forms from Northern Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/32/mode/1up","Andropadus tephrolaemus bamendae"],["23316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla tephrolaema tephrolaema","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Cameroon (Mount Cameroon); Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06992255",null,null,"Cameroon Mt., 7,000 feet.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/460/mode/1up","Trichophorus tephrolaemus"],["23317","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla masukuensis","(Shelley, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.12 p.534","Shelley's Greenbul","Shelley's Greenbul","Shelley's Greenbul","2025-1012","Taxon <em>kakamegae </em>(polytypic, including <em>kungwensis</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Arizelocichla masukuensis</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences are slight and vocal differences are poorly documented. Although divergence in mitochondrial DNA is evident (Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017; De Santis et al. 2018), further research with broader geographic and genetic sampling is needed.","patchy in montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda southward to Burundi, southeastern Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712760","shegre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shegre1","avibase-6FC57210",null,null,"Masuku Range, 7,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., during his Expedition to the Nyika Plateau in North Nyasaland. With an Introduction by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/596/mode/1up","Andropadus masukuensis"],["23318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla masukuensis kakamegae","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, western Kenya, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CE60D71",null,null,"Kakamega Forest, Nandi.","[Description of several new species of birds from Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/187/mode/1up","Xenocichla kakamegae"],["23319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla masukuensis kungwensis","Moreau, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Mount Kungwe area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-302EA98E",null,null,"Kungwe Mt. (6,900 feet), Kigoma District, Western Tanganyika Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/88/mode/1up","Arizelocichla tephrolaema kungwensis"],["23320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla masukuensis roehli","(Reichenow, 1905)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 no.11 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-814D9012",null,null,"Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal in Usambara [Tanzania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/195/mode/1up","Andropadus roehli"],["23321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla masukuensis masukuensis","(Shelley, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.12 p.534",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania (Rungwe Mountains) to northern Malawi (Masuku Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AED37DE4",null,null,"Masuku Range, 7,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., during his Expedition to the Nyika Plateau in North Nyasaland. With an Introduction by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/596/mode/1up","Andropadus masukuensis"],["23322","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla neumanni","Hartert, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.50","Uluguru Mountain Greenbul","Uluguru Mountain Greenbul","Uluguru Mountain Greenbul",null,null,"foothill to montane primary and secondary forest, forest edge, and elfin forest at high elevation, in east-central Tanzania (Uluguru Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818359","easmog6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmog6","avibase-8EDD570A",null,null,"Uluguru Mts. in eastern (not 'western') Tanganyika Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/272/mode/1up","Arizelocichla neumanni"],["23323","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla fusciceps","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.13","Black-browed Mountain Greenbul","Black-browed Mountain Greenbul","Black-browed Mountain Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane primary and secondary forest edge, and montane heath scrub, in highlands of Malawi, southwestern Tanzania, eastern Zambia, and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818240","easmog4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmog4","avibase-1F66AE1E",null,null,"Milanji Plateau, 4,000-5,000 feet, Nyasaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/43/mode/1up","Xenocichla fusciceps"],["23324","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla chlorigula","(Reichenow, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.8","Yellow-throated Mountain Greenbul","Yellow-throated Mountain Greenbul","Yellow-throated Mountain Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane primary and secondary forest, forest edge, and high-elevation scrub, in central and southwestern Tanzania highlands (Nguru Mountains and highlands of Iringa District)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818289","easmog3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmog3","avibase-B421F18C",null,null,"Kalinga, southern German East Africa [Iringa District].","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/24/mode/1up","Xenocichla chlorigula"],["23325","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla kikuyuensis","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.118","Kikuyu Mountain Greenbul","Kikuyu Mountain Greenbul",null,"2025-1013","Taxon <em>kikuyuensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Arizelocichla nigriceps</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics. Although plumage differences are obvious, information from mitochondrial DNA (Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017; De Santis et al. 2018) is restricted to short fragments, and formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking; further research would be informative.","disjunctly in foothill to montane primary and secondary forest, forest edge and clearings, heath, bracken-briar, and bamboo, in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastward to western Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and in eastern Uganda eastward to central Kenya highlands",null,null,null,"easmog5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmog5","avibase-1EEE86B8",null,null,"Kikuyu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/150/mode/1up","Xenocichla kikuyuensis"],["23326","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla nigriceps","(Shelley, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.362","Black-headed Mountain Greenbul","Black-headed Mountain Greenbul",null,"2025-1013","Taxon <em>kikuyuensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Arizelocichla nigriceps</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics. Although plumage differences are obvious, information from mitochondrial DNA (Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017; De Santis et al. 2018) is restricted to short fragments, and formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking; further research would be informative.","montane forest from southeastern Kenya southward to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,"easmog2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmog2","avibase-FC523946",null,null,"Kilimanjaro, 6,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/478/mode/1up","Xenocichla nigriceps"],["23327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla nigriceps nigriceps","(Shelley, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Kenya (Nguruman Hills) to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2CED2C1",null,null,"Kilimanjaro, 6,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/478/mode/1up","Xenocichla nigriceps"],["23328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla nigriceps usambarae","(Grote, 1919)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 27 no.5&6 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya (Taita Hills) to northeastern Tanzania (southern Pare and western Usambara mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E99D15F0",null,null,"Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal in Usambara [Tanzania]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35494#page/72/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus tephrolaemus usambarae"],["23329","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla milanjensis","(Shelley, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.9 pl.1 fig.1","Stripe-cheeked Greenbul","Stripe-cheeked Greenbul","Stripe-cheeked Bulbul","2025-1015","Taxon <em>striifacies </em>(polytypic, including <em>olivaceiceps</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Arizelocichla milanjensis</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split into 3 species (<em>A. milanjensis, A. striifacies</em> and <em>A. olivaceiceps</em>) but plumage differences support a 2-species treatment with <em>milanjensis</em>, the most distinctive taxon, separated at the species level. Genetic data are fragmentary but mitochondrial DNA (Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017) supports separation of <em>striifacies</em> from <em>milanjensis</em>. Nevertheless, a comprehensive genetic study and investigation of contact zones is needed to confirm species limits in this group.","patchy in lowland to submontane primary and secondary forest, forest edge, and riverine or miombo woodland near forest, from southern Malawi highlands (Mt. Mulanje), northern and western Mozambique, and adjacent eastern Zimbabwe",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730593","stcgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcgre1","avibase-8479F56E",null,null,"Milanji Hills, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/41/mode/1up","Xenocichla milanjensis"],["23330","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla striifacies","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 no.5 p.74","Olive-headed Greenbul","Olive-headed Greenbul","Olive-headed Bulbul","2025-1015","Taxon <em>striifacies </em>(polytypic, including <em>olivaceiceps</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Arizelocichla milanjensis</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split into 3 species (<em>A. milanjensis, A. striifacies</em> and <em>A. olivaceiceps</em>) but plumage differences support a 2-species treatment with <em>milanjensis</em>, the most distinctive taxon, separated at the species level. Genetic data are fragmentary but mitochondrial DNA (Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017) supports separation of <em>striifacies</em> from <em>milanjensis</em>. Nevertheless, a comprehensive genetic study and investigation of contact zones is needed to confirm species limits in this group.","foothill to montane primary forest from southeastern Kenya southward through Tanzania to northern Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712821","stfgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stfgre1","avibase-9A80B57C",null,null,"Marangu, Kilimanjaro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/90/mode/1up","Xenocichla striifacies"],["23331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla striifacies olivaceiceps","(Shelley, 1896)","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.6 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Tanzania to northern Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37548238",null,null,"Mt. Chiradzulu, Nyasaland.","On a Collection of Birds from Mount Chiradzulu, in the Shiré Highlands, Nyasaland. With prefatory Remarks by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/221/mode/1up","Criniger olivaceiceps"],["23332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Arizelocichla striifacies striifacies","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 no.5 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Kenya to northern Tanzania (Kilimanjaro to Iringa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4385C2A",null,null,"Marangu, Kilimanjaro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/90/mode/1up","Xenocichla striifacies"],["23333","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixonotus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ixonotus guttatus [J. & E. Verreaux, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/328/mode/1up","Ixonotus"],["23334","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixonotus guttatus","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.306","Spotted Greenbul","Spotted Greenbul","Spotted Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, gallery forest, forest-savanna mosaic, and plantations, from Sierra Leone eastward through southern Nigeria and South Sudan to Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712847","spogre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spogre1","avibase-33703E6F",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/328/mode/1up","Ixonotus guttatus"],["23335","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Thescelocichla","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.2 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phyllastrephus leucopleurus [Cassin, 1855]; type by original designation",null,"The avian genus Bleda Bonaparte and some of its allies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/250/mode/1up","Thescelocichla"],["23336","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Thescelocichla leucopleura","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.328","Swamp Palm Bulbul","Swamp Palm Bulbul","Swamp Palm Bulbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill swamp with palms, gallery forest, dry woodland with palms, and plantations, from Senegambia eastward to southern Central African Republic and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712877","swagre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swagre1","avibase-EBE56736",null,null,"Moonda River [Gabon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/351/mode/1up","Phyllostrophus leucopleurus"],["23337","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Atimastillas","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.2 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Haematornis flavicollis [Swainson, 1837]; type by original designation",null,"The avian genus Bleda Bonaparte and some of its allies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/251/mode/1up","Atimastillas"],["23338","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Atimastillas flavicollis","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.259","Yellow-gorgeted Greenbul","Yellow-gorgeted Greenbul","Yellow-throated Greenbul","2025-1011","Taxon <em>flavigula </em>(polytypic, including <em>soror</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Atimastillas flavicollis</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Although plumages are geographically variable they show an abrupt transition, with an apparent lack of intergradation, where their ranges approach. Available genetic data are fragmentary (Moyle &amp; Marks 2006; Johansson et al. 2007; Fregin et al. 2012a) and comparative data lacking; further research needed.","lowland to foothill open woodland, gallery forest, riparian scrub, plantations, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward, avoiding rainforest, to southern Chad and northwestern Central African Republic, and southward to coastal southeastern Ivory Coast eastward to southwestern Nigeria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103817373","yetgre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetgre2","avibase-3C8E84A6",null,null,"West Africa","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/319/mode/1up","Haematornis flavicollis"],["23339","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Atimastillas flavigula","(Cabanis, 1880)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.174","Pale-throated Greenbul","Pale-throated Greenbul","Pale-throated Greenbul","2025-1011","Taxon <em>flavigula </em>(polytypic, including <em>soror</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Atimastillas flavicollis</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Although plumages are geographically variable they show an abrupt transition, with an apparent lack of intergradation, where their ranges approach. Available genetic data are fragmentary (Moyle &amp; Marks 2006; Johansson et al. 2007; Fregin et al. 2012a) and comparative data lacking; further research needed.","lowland to foothill open woodland, swamp forest, and riparian thickets, from north-central Cameroon eastward to southern South Sudan and central Ethiopia, thence southward to northern Angola and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103817506","patgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patgre1","avibase-04E77EEF",null,null,"Angola.","Neue Vögel aus Angola","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_I-LXXV.pdf","Trichophorus flavigula"],["23340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Atimastillas flavigula soror","(Neumann, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Cameroon eastward to southwestern South Sudan, southward to Congo and central Democratic Republic of the Congo; eastern South Sudan and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70B59173",null,null,"Kamadekke, Ng'Goumie River, Ogowe, Gabon.","Neue afrikanische Arten und Unterarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/21/mode/1up","Xenocichla flavicollis soror"],["23341","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Atimastillas flavigula flavigula","(Cabanis, 1880)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, western Kenya, Zambia, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89C51401",null,null,"Angola.","Neue Vögel aus Angola","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_I-LXXV.pdf","Trichophorus flavigula"],["23342","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Baeopogon","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Criniger indicator [Verreaux, J & Verreaux E, 1855]; type by original designation",null,"Catalogue of Birds collected on the rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. du Chailluin 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species by John Cassin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/151/mode/1up","Baeopogon"],["23343","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Baeopogon clamans","(Sjöstedt, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.28","Sjöstedt's Greenbul","Sjöstedt's Greenbul","White-tailed Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary forest and old secondary forest, especially along rivers and forest streams, from southeastern Nigeria eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to Gabon and western Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712841","sjogre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sjogre1","avibase-C6833BA9",null,null,"Ekundu, Cameroon.","Neue Vogelformen aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/42/mode/1up","Xenocichla clamans"],["23344","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Baeopogon indicator","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.105","Honeyguide Greenbul","Honeyguide Greenbul","Honeyguide Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest from Guinea-Bissau and western Guinea eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, thence southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712837","hongre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hongre1","avibase-E6A0D208",null,null,"Gabon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/117/mode/1up","Criniger indicator"],["23345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Baeopogon indicator leucurus","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2289951",null,null,"St. Paul's River [Liberia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/351/mode/1up","Tricophorus leucurus"],["23346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Baeopogon indicator indicator","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya, southward to northern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECD1A408",null,null,"Gabon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/117/mode/1up","Criniger indicator"],["23347","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trichophorus flaviventris [Smith, A, 1834]; type by subsequent designation (Reichenow, 1904, Vögel Afrikas, 3, [fasc. 1], p. 388).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/130/mode/1up","Chlorocichla"],["23348","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla simplex","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.356","Simple Greenbul","Simple Greenbul","Simple Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill shrubby savanna, forest edge, gallery forest, farmbush, and forest-savanna mosaic, from Guinea-Bissau (perhaps southern Senegal?) eastward to southeastern South Sudan and western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712851","simgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/simgre1","avibase-D3D4D1B7",null,null,"Río Boutry, Gold Coast [=Butre, Ghana], ","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/368/mode/1up","Trichophorus simplex"],["23349","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla prigoginei","De Roo, 1967","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 75 p.392","Prigogine's Greenbul","Prigogine's Greenbul","Prigogine's Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in foothill isolated forest patches in savanna, gallery forest, and thickets, in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lendu Plateau and scattered localities between Beni and Butembo northwest of Lake Edward)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712873","prigre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prigre1","avibase-38652F17",null,null,"[north-eastern Congo]","A new species of Chlorocichla from north-eastern Congo (Aves: Pycnonotidae).",null,"Chlorocichla prigoginei"],["23350","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla laetissima","(Sharpe, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.27","Joyful Greenbul","Joyful Greenbul","Joyful Greenbul",null,null,"foothill and montane forest from southern South Sudan eastward to western Kenya, western Uganda, and southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712869","joygre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/joygre1","avibase-4602AC01",null,null,"Nandi, Equatorial Africa [Kenya Colony].","[Description of new species of African birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/59/mode/1up","Andropadus laetissimus"],["23351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla laetissima laetissima","(Sharpe, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, far southern South Sudan, western Uganda, and southwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7FA6313",null,null,"Nandi, Equatorial Africa [Kenya Colony].","[Description of new species of African birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/59/mode/1up","Andropadus laetissimus"],["23352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla laetissima schoutedeni","Prigogine, 1954","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 49 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Tanzania and northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87F5C4D5",null,null,"Mt. Kabobo, 29° 2' E. ; 5° 8' S. at 1,440 meters [eastern Belgian Congo].","Un nouveau Bulbul de l'Est du Congo belge.",null,"Chlorocichla laetissima schoutedeni"],["23353","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla falkensteini","(Reichenow, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.128 p.458","Falkenstein's Greenbul","Yellow-necked Greenbul","Falkenstein's Greenbul",null,null,"western Cameroon and Central African Republic southward to central Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712860","yengre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yengre1","avibase-FCA9F934",null,null,"Chinchoxo, Loango Coast.","[Über einer Sendung von Vögeln, gesammelt durch Herrn Dr. Falkenstein an der Loangoküste].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/470/mode/1up","Criniger Falkensteini"],["23354","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla flaviventris","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.2, pt.1 p.143","Yellow-bellied Greenbul","Yellow-bellied Greenbul","Yellow-bellied Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to montane miombo and mopane woodland, wooded savanna, gallery forest, and coastal scrub, from northwestern Angola eastward to southeastern Kenya and southern Somalia, thence southward to northern Namibia and southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712865","yebgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebgre1","avibase-D083BB3F",null,null,"near Port Natal [i.e. Durban].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/161/mode/1up","Trichophorus flaviventris"],["23355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla flaviventris centralis","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.74-75",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia to Kenya, eastern Tanzania, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-722840EA",null,null,"Loeru, Tanganyika Territory.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/86/mode/1up","Chlorocichla centralis"],["23356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla flaviventris occidentalis","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.113 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Tanzania southward to Botswana, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa (southward to Mpumalanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14540464",null,null,"Angola and Ovaquenyama, Damaraland, according to Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 390; 'type from Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/131/mode/1up","Chlorocichla occidentalis"],["23357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Chlorocichla flaviventris flaviventris","(Smith, 1834)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.2, pt.1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique, Eswatini, and eastern South Africa (southward to KwaZulu-Natal and far northern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59453293",null,null,"near Port Natal [i.e. Durban].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/161/mode/1up","Trichophorus flaviventris"],["23358","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LX",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Criniger barbatus [Temminck, 1821]; type by subsequent monotypy (Temminck, 1821, Planches Coloriées d'Oiseaux, livr. 15, wrapper [p.1.] pl. 88).   ",null,null,null,"Criniger"],["23359","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger chloronotus","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.43","Eastern Bearded Greenbul","Eastern Bearded-Greenbul","Eastern Bearded Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary forest, and swamp-forest, from southwestern Nigeria eastward to Central African Republic and western Uganda, and southward to far western, central, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713115","easbeg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easbeg1","avibase-8A90BC6D",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/61/mode/1up","Trichophorus chloronotus"],["23360","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger barbatus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.15, vol.3 pl.88","Western Bearded Greenbul","Western Bearded-Greenbul","Western Bearded Greenbul",null,null,"lowland, swamps, and gallery forest, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southern Nigeria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713109","wesbeg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesbeg1","avibase-0F97A356",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/37/mode/1up","Trichophorus barbatus"],["23361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger barbatus barbatus","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.15, vol.3 pl.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-721757BF",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/37/mode/1up","Trichophorus barbatus"],["23362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger barbatus ansorgeanus","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria (lower Niger River delta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38F1C84F",null,null,"Degama, southern Nigeria.","Exhibition of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/521/mode/1up","Criniger barbatus ansorgeanus"],["23363","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger calurus","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.158","Red-tailed Greenbul","Red-tailed Greenbul","Red-tailed Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, gallery forest and wooded savanna, from southwestern Senegal eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Uganda, thence southward through Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713120","retgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retgre1","avibase-F8104BC1",null,null,"Moonda River, Western Africa [Gabon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/178/mode/1up","Tricophorus calurus"],["23364","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger calurus verreauxi","Sharpe, 1871","Catalogue of African birds in the collection of R. B. Sharpe p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DC711DE",null,null,"West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47642#page/31/mode/1up","Criniger verreauxi"],["23365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger calurus calurus","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria (Benin) to far western Democratic Republic of the Congo (lower Congo); Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE9F4F7D",null,null,"Moonda River, Western Africa [Gabon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/178/mode/1up","Tricophorus calurus"],["23366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger calurus emini","Chapin, 1948","The Auk 65, no.3 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Democratic Republic of the Congo to northeastern Angola and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E6758F",null,null,"Lukolela, Middle Congo River. Adult male, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. no. 296914; August 16, 1930","A new race of Bearded Bulbul from the Belgian Congo.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol65/iss3/16/","Criniger calurus emini"],["23367","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger olivaceus","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.264","Yellow-bearded Greenbul","Yellow-bearded Greenbul","Yellow-bearded Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill Upper Guinea rainforest, old secondary rainforest, and gallery forest, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southern Ghana",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713125","yebgre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebgre3","avibase-439C4BC9",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/324/mode/1up","Tricophorus olivaceus"],["23368","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Criniger ndussumensis","Reichenow, 1904","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt1 p.383","White-bearded Greenbul","White-bearded Greenbul","White-bearded Greenbul",null,null,"lowland primary and old secondary evergreen and semi-deciduous forest, and swamp-forest, from southeastern Nigeria eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to far western and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713131","whbgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbgre1","avibase-6A110710",null,null,"Ndussuma country: Kinjawanga and Bellima. The type locality is Kinyawanga near Beni, within 40 miles of Lesse (cf. Chapin, 1948, Auk, 65, p. 444).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/421/mode/1up","Criniger verreauxi ndussumensis"],["23369","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1180 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Andropadus virens [Cassin, 1857]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/39/mode/1up","Eurillas"],["23370","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas latirostris","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.100","Yellow-whiskered Greenbul","Yellow-whiskered Greenbul","Yellow-whiskered Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to montane primary and secondary forest, gallery forest, and overgrown plantations, from southwestern Senegal and western Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan and central Kenya, thence southward to northern Angola, central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712800","yewgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yewgre1","avibase-728B225E",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/112/mode/1up","Andropadus latirostris"],["23371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas latirostris australis","(Moreau, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Ufipa Plateau (southwestern Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47FA9173",null,null,"Moisi Forest (about, 8,000 feet) near Sumbawanga, Ufipa Distr., Tanganyika Territory.","A new Race of Yellow-streaked Bulbul and a new Race of Yellow-moustached Bulbul from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/55/mode/1up","Stelgidocichla latirostris australis"],["23372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas latirostris congener","(Reichenow, 1897)","Journal für Ornithologie 45, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-265C0B39",null,null,"Agome Tongbe, Togoland.","Zur Vogelfauna von Togo","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103562#page/57/mode/1up","Andropadus congener"],["23373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas latirostris latirostris","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to southern South Sudan, western Kenya, western Tanzania, south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A1B7EFF",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/112/mode/1up","Andropadus latirostris"],["23374","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas virens","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.34","Little Greenbul","Little Greenbul","Little Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to montane primary and forest, wooded savanna, riparian thickets, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan, southeastern Kenya, and Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, thence southward to northern Angola, northern Zambia and north-central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712766","litgre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litgre2","avibase-3413C42C",null,null,"Cape Lopez and River Muni, West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/48/mode/1up","Andropadus virens"],["23375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas virens amadoni","(Dickerman, 1997)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 117 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71DDD8BA",null,null,"Sipopo, Fernando Po [=Bioko]","A substitute name for the Bioko race of Pycnonotus virens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123804#page/105/mode/1up","Andropadus virens amadoni"],["23376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas virens erythroptera","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Gambia to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42A1C5AA",null,null,"Ashanti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/376/mode/1up","Andropadus erythropterus"],["23377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas virens virens","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cameroon to southern South Sudan, western Kenya, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E08E236F",null,null,"Cape Lopez and River Muni, West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/48/mode/1up","Andropadus virens"],["23378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas virens zanzibarica","Pakenham, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Zanzibar (Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AC2A98B",null,null,"Jozani Forest, Zanzibar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/149/mode/1up","Eurillas virens zanzibaricus"],["23379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas virens zombensis","(Shelley, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia to eastern Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique; Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BAC0A96",null,null,"Zomba; Milanji Hills, Nyasaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/42/mode/1up","Andropadus zombensis"],["23380","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas curvirostris","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.46","Plain Greenbul","Plain Greenbul","Plain Greenbul",null,null,"lowland and foothill clearings and edge habitats in primary and secondary forest from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to southern South Sudan and western Kenya, thence southward to northern Angola, central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712786","plagre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plagre2","avibase-0B325B7F",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/64/mode/1up","Andropadus curvirostris"],["23381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas curvirostris curvirostris","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ghana eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya, southward to northern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D11DA9C",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/64/mode/1up","Andropadus curvirostris"],["23382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas curvirostris leonina","(Bates, 1930)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to central Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E74B3B7E",null,null,"Buedu near Kailahun, extreme east Sierra Leone.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/84/mode/1up","Andropadus curvirostris leoninus"],["23383","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas ansorgei","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.10","Ansorge's Greenbul","Ansorge's Greenbul","Ansorge's Greenbul",null,null,"lowland and foothill forest from western Guinea eastward to western Kenya, thence southward to Republic of the Congo and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712782","ansgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ansgre1","avibase-0EA5F2E1",null,null,"Degama, southern Nigeria.","Exhibition of two new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/36/mode/1up","Andropadus ansorgei"],["23384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas ansorgei ansorgei","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Gabon, northern Angola, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-328F8FCE",null,null,"Degama, southern Nigeria.","Exhibition of two new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/36/mode/1up","Andropadus ansorgei"],["23385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas ansorgei kavirondensis","(Van Someren, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya (northern Kavirondo to Mount Elgon area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44FF359B",null,null,"Kakamega Forest, Kenya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/363/mode/1up","Charitillas kavirondensis"],["23386","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas gracilis","(Cabanis, 1880)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.174","Little Grey Greenbul","Gray Greenbul","Grey Greenbul",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary and secondary forest, swamp forest, and overgrown plantations, from western Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to western Kenya, thence southward to northern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712777","grygre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grygre1","avibase-486103D7",null,null,"Angola.","Neue Vögel aus Angola","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_I-LXXV.pdf","Andropadus gracilis"],["23387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas gracilis extrema","(Hartert, 1922)","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.2 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BB1B7C3",null,null,"near Mattra near Sherbro, Jong River, Sierra Leone.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/405/mode/1up","Andropadus gracilis extremus"],["23388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas gracilis gracilis","(Cabanis, 1880)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to southern Cameroon, Gabon, northwestern Angola, and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1C399D8",null,null,"Angola.","Neue Vögel aus Angola","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_I-LXXV.pdf","Andropadus gracilis"],["23389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Eurillas gracilis ugandae","(Van Someren, 1915)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CDD6033",null,null,"Mabira Forest, Uganda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/157/mode/1up","Andropadus ugandae"],["23390","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.486",null,null,null,"2025-1014","Taxon <em>scandens </em>is placed in the genus <em>Phyllastrephus </em>based on genetic data (Moyle &amp; Marks 2006; Johansson et al. 2007; Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017; De Santis et al. 2018). Although sometimes separated in the monospecific genus <em>Pyrrhurus</em> based mostly on the color pattern of its plumage, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data show <em>scandens </em>to be embedded within the <em>Phyllastrephus </em>group of species.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phyllastrephus terrestris [Swainson, 1837]; type by original designation = Phyllastrephus terrestris Swainson, 1837  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/660/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus"],["23391","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus poliocephalus","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.189,220","Grey-headed Greenbul","Gray-headed Greenbul","Grey-headed Greenbul",null,null,"foothill to submontane primary forest in southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon highlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712947","gyhgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhgre1","avibase-04A5B0F9",null,null,"Buea, Mt. Cameroon, 1,200 meters.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/203/mode/1up","Xenocichla poliocephala"],["23392","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus albigula","(Grote, 1919)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 27 p.62","Montane Tiny Greenbul","Usambara Greenbul","Montane Tiny Greenbul",null,null,"foothill to montane primary forest in highlands of northeastern Tanzania (Usambara and Nguru mountains)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819224","usabul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/usabul1","avibase-CEE94E55",null,null,"Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, Usambara [Tanzania]","Neue ostafrikanische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35494#page/72/mode/1up","Macrosphenus albigula"],["23393","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus debilis","(Sclater, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.18 p.284","Lowland Tiny Greenbul","Tiny Greenbul","Lowland Tiny Greenbul",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill evergreen and gallery forest, and thick coastal scrub, in central and southeastern Kenya southward to southeastern Tanzania and in far eastern Zimbabwe and central and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819211","tingre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tingre1","avibase-FA137697",null,null,"north of Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa.","On a second Collection of Birds from Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa. With Field-notes by H. F. Francis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/328/mode/1up","Xenocichla debilis"],["23394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus debilis rabai","Hartert & Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of coastal southeastern Kenya to southeastern Tanzania (Rufiji River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5863307F",null,null,"Rabai Hills north of Mombasa, East Africa.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Green Bulbul from Rabai, north of Mombasa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/94/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus rabai"],["23395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus debilis debilis","(Sclater, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.18 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to eastern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F947EC8D",null,null,"north of Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa.","On a second Collection of Birds from Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa. With Field-notes by H. F. Francis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/328/mode/1up","Xenocichla debilis"],["23396","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus albigularis","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.103 pl.7","White-throated Greenbul","White-throated Greenbul","White-throated Greenbul","2025-1018","Taxon <em>viridiceps</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Phyllastrephus albigularis</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Mills 2018). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis and genetic data would be informative.","patchy in lowland to foothill understory of primary and old secondary forest, gallery forest, and drier semi-deciduous forest, from southwestern Senegal and Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan and Uganda, and southward to far western, central, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819468","whtgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtgre1","avibase-7927D0DD",null,null,"Fantee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/121/mode/1up","Xenocichla albigularis"],["23397","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus viridiceps","Rand, 1955","Fieldiana Zoology 34 p.336","Angola Greenbul","Angola Greenbul","Angola Greenbul","2025-1018","Taxon <em>viridiceps</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Phyllastrephus albigularis</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Mills 2018). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis and genetic data would be informative.","lowland dense understory of primary and secondary forest, forest edges, and riparian scrub, in northwestern Angola",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819606","whtgre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtgre4","avibase-C47F378C",null,null,"Cantele, Qual Sul River, 30 km. west of Camabatela, Angola.","Three new Bulbuls from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21013#page/10/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus albigularis viridiceps"],["23398","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus icterinus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.262","Icterine Greenbul","Icterine Greenbul","Icterine Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory of primary and old secondary forest, swamp-forest, and forest-savanna mosaic, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to western Uganda, and southward to far western and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/119195196","ictgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ictgre1","avibase-DD741082",null,null,"ex. Afr. occident. Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/414/mode/1up","Trichophorus icterinus"],["23399","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus xavieri","(Oustalet, 1892)","Le Naturaliste (2), 6 p.218","Xavier's Greenbul","Xavier's Greenbul","Xavier's Greenbul",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill forest, and swamp forest, from southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, and thence southward to Gabon and northeastern Republic of the Congo, and in central and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712981","xavgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/xavgre1","avibase-1D1C9EDA",null,null,"Bangui [on Ubangi River].","Notice sur quelques espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillies par M. J. Dybowski dans le cours de son expédition à travers la région de l'Oubangui.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131762#page/216/mode/1up","Xenocichla Xavieri"],["23400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus xavieri serlei","Chapin, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.7 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands and foothills of Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-685F234C",null,null,"Kumba, British Cameroons, alt. 1,000 feet.","A New Race of Phyllastrephus xavieri (Oustalet), from the British Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/96/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus xavieri serlei"],["23401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus xavieri xavieri","(Oustalet, 1892)","Le Naturaliste (2), 6 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFC02FE5",null,null,"Bangui [on Ubangi River].","Notice sur quelques espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillies par M. J. Dybowski dans le cours de son expédition à travers la région de l'Oubangui.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131762#page/216/mode/1up","Xenocichla Xavieri"],["23402","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus terrestris","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.270","Terrestrial Brownbul","Terrestrial Brownbul","Terrestrial Brownbul",null,null,"lowland to montane dense evergreen forest, riverine thickets, and thick scrub, from southern Somalia and central and southeastern Kenya southward through southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mozambique, to southern South Africa; also western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712905","terbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/terbro1","avibase-07FD1D4C",null,null,"Auteniquoi (ex Levaillant) (= Outeniqua, Cape Province).","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/330/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus terrestris"],["23403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus terrestris suahelicus","Reichenow, 1904","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kenya to eastern Tanzania and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54C711B3",null,null,"East Africa from Pangani to Rufiji; Masinde, Useguha, Usaramo, Msua. Type from Msua according to Sclater (1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 382).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/443/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus capensis suahelicus"],["23404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus terrestris intermedius","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, and adjacent eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79E4AEFB",null,null,"Umbelluzi River, Portuguese S. E. Africa [Mozambique]","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/161/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus capensis intermedius"],["23405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus terrestris rhodesiae","Roberts, 1917","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 5 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola eastward to southwestern Tanzania and southward to northern Botswana, northern Zimbabwe, and northeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E82F6C67",null,null,"Machile River, Northwestern Rhodesia.","Ornithological Notes : Classification of African Birds : New Records of Birds : New Species and subspecies : Parasitism amongst Finches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203183#page/646/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus terrestris rhodesiae"],["23406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus terrestris terrestris","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"Eswatini and eastern and southern South Africa (from western KwaZulu-Natal southward along the coast to southwestern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98E30112",null,null,"Auteniquoi (ex Levaillant) (= Outeniqua, Cape Province).","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/330/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus terrestris"],["23407","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus poensis","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.35","Cameroon Olive Greenbul","Cameroon Olive-Greenbul","Cameroon Olive Greenbul",null,null,"foothill to montane forest in southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712930","caogre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caogre1","avibase-B6EA8FA2",null,null,"Bakaki, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/407/mode/1up","Phyllostrophus poensis"],["23408","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus strepitans","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.139","Northern Brownbul","Northern Brownbul","Northern Brownbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, wooded grassland, forest edge, and riparian thickets, from southeastern South Sudan eastward through Ethiopia to central Somalia, and southward through eastern Uganda and Kenya to northeastern Tanzania, and disjunctly in southwestern Sudan (Jebel Marra)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712910","norbro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norbro1","avibase-29820AD9",null,null,"Malindi, East Africa [Kenya Colony].",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Criniger strepitans"],["23409","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus cerviniventris","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.10 pl.2","Grey-olive Greenbul","Gray-olive Greenbul","Grey-olive Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane riparian thickets, gallery forest, evergreen forest, and bamboo thickets, from central Kenya southward to eastern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712919","gyogre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyogre1","avibase-7CE29E0E",null,null,"Zomba and Tschiromo, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/42/mode/1up","Phyllostrophus cerviniventris"],["23410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus cerviniventris schoutedeni","Prigogine, 1969","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 79 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to central Mozambique, Zambia, and eastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1476047",null,null,"Kwamouth [Congo Belge]","Trois nouveaux oiseaux du Katanga, République démocratique du Congo.",null,"Phyllastrephus cerviniventris schoutedeni"],["23411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus cerviniventris cerviniventris","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.10 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Katanga (southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAC1E2AD",null,null,"Zomba and Tschiromo, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/42/mode/1up","Phyllostrophus cerviniventris"],["23412","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus fischeri","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.139","Fischer's Greenbul","Fischer's Greenbul","Fischer's Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill coastal forest, understory in dense woodland, and thickets, in coastal Kenya and coastal Tanzania, and disjunctly inland in eastern Tanzania (Uluguru Mountain foothills and Kilombero Valley); previously recorded in far southern Somalia and far northeastern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712896","fisgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fisgre1","avibase-2DA2C52F",null,null,"Muniuni [= Muniumi], East Africa [near mouth of Tana River].",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Criniger Fischeri"],["23413","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus cabanisi","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.83","Cabanis's Greenbul","Cabanis's Greenbul","Cabanis's Greenbul","2025-1016","Taxon <em>placidus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phyllastrephus cabanisi</em> (polytypic, including <em>sucosus</em>) based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as separate species based on morphology (Dowsett 1972), taxon <em>sucosus </em>has been shown to be intermediate in size between the two (Dowsett-Lemaire 1990; Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire 1993), and they lack significant vocal, behavioral, and ecological differences. Genetic data are fragmentary (Johansson et al. 2007; De Santis et al. 2018), and largely uninformative; further research needed.","lowland to montane riparian thickets, gallery forest, and dense woodland, from southern South Sudan and western Kenya southward to northern Angola and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712890","cabgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cabgre1","avibase-24F71192",null,null,"Phuket, Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/101/mode/1up","Criniger cabanisi"],["23414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus cabanisi cabanisi","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Angola to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2442033",null,null,"Phuket, Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/101/mode/1up","Criniger cabanisi"],["23415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus cabanisi sucosus","Reichenow, 1904","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.4 p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan and western Kenya to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6BAB52A",null,null,"East Africa: Bukoba; Guasso Massai.","Über einige afrikanische Haarvögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/554/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus cabanisi sucosus"],["23416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus cabanisi placidus","(Shelley, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kenya to Tanzania, northeastern Zambia, Malawi, and northeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF1DDF4E",null,null,"Kilimanjaro, 6,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/479/mode/1up","Xenocichla placida"],["23417","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus lorenzi","Sassi, 1914","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 51 p.309","Sassi's Olive Greenbul","Sassi's Olive Greenbul","Sassi's Olive Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in foothill primary forest in northeastern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; recorded once in far western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712940","sasgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sasgre1","avibase-4B94ECF0",null,null,"'Moera,' near Beni, eastern Congo.","Einige neue Formen der innerafrikanischen Ornis aus der Kollection Grauer.",null,"Phyllastrephus lorenzi"],["23418","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus scandens","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.270 pl.30","Leaf-love","Leaf-love","Leaf-love","2025-1014","Taxon <em>scandens </em>is placed in the genus <em>Phyllastrephus </em>based on genetic data (Moyle &amp; Marks 2006; Johansson et al. 2007; Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017; De Santis et al. 2018). Although sometimes separated in the monospecific genus <em>Pyrrhurus</em> based mostly on the color pattern of its plumage, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data show <em>scandens </em>to be embedded within the <em>Phyllastrephus </em>group of species.","lowland to foothill gallery forest, swamp forest, and woodland in savanna, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan, and southward to western and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northeastern Angola, and patchily in Uganda, Rwanda, and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712882","leaflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leaflo1","avibase-E781F61C",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/330/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus scandens"],["23419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus scandens scandens","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.270 pl.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to northern Nigeria and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37C64349",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/330/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus scandens"],["23420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus scandens orientalis","(Hartlaub, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.164 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon eastward to southern South Sudan, southward to southern Congo, western and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C9E6E54",null,null,"Tamaja [= Tomaja, upper Uele].","Diagnosen einiger neuer Vögel aus dem östlich-äquatorialen Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/437/mode/1up","Xenocichla orientalis"],["23421","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus","(Sharpe, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.21 p.53","Yellow-streaked Greenbul","Yellow-streaked Greenbul","Yellow-streaked Greenbul","2025-1017","Taxon <em>alfredi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Phyllastrephus flavostriatus</em> based on available evidence. Although mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Lokugalappatti 2011) showed divergence of the phenotypically distinctive <em>alfredi</em>, elevation to species may create a paraphyletic <em>P. flavostriatus</em>; further research needed.","patchy in lowland to montane forest, and forest patches with bamboo, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southeastern Kenya, and eastern Tanzania southward to northeastern and eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730603","yesbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yesbul1","avibase-651384DF",null,null,"Macamac, Transvaal.","Descriptions of two new Species of South-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/75/mode/1up","Andropadus flavostriatus"],["23422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus graueri","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (highlands west of lakes Kivu, Edward, and Albert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8B31D44",null,null,"forest 90 miles west of Lake Albert Edward [= Lake Edward].","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/385/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus graueri"],["23423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus olivaceogriseus","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (northwest of Lake Tanganyika) to southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E05B2C5",null,null,"Lugege Forest [= Rugege Forest, southeast of Lake Kivu].","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/63/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus olivaceogriseus"],["23424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus kungwensis","Moreau, 1941","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahari Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0F705B9",null,null,"forest above Ujamba, Mt. Kungwe, 6,800 feet, western Tanganyika Territory.","A new Race of Yellow-streaked Bulbul and a new Race of Yellow-moustached Bulbul from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/55/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus kungwensis"],["23425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus uzungwensis","Jensen & Stuart, 1982","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102, no.3 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania (Udzungwa Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-218154B9",null,null,"in Mwanihana Forest, Uzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, 1400 m","New subspecies of forest birds from Tanzania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/314/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus uzungwensis"],["23426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus tenuirostris","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Kenya to Tanzania and northeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C2DB7A8",null,null,"Lindi [southeastern Tanganyika Territory].","Neue Vogelarten aus Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/274/mode/1up","Xenocichla tenuirostris"],["23427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus vincenti","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Malawi and adjacent northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D96E727",null,null,"Namuli Mts., Quelimane Province, Portuguese East Africa.","A new Race of Brown Babbler and a new Race of Bulbul from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/92/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus vincenti"],["23428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus flavostriatus","(Sharpe, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.21 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique (south of Zambezi River) to KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AA16C11",null,null,"Macamac, Transvaal.","Descriptions of two new Species of South-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/75/mode/1up","Andropadus flavostriatus"],["23429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus flavostriatus alfredi","(Shelley, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania to eastern Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACB92E07",null,null,"Mwenembe.","On six new birds from Nyasa-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/435/mode/1up","Bleda alfredi"],["23430","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus hypochloris","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.20","Toro Olive Greenbul","Toro Olive-Greenbul","Toro Olive Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest understory, forest edge, riparian scrub, and farmbush, from southern South Sudan southward through Uganda and western Kenya, to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712935","toogre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/toogre1","avibase-2E3D5AAF",null,null,"Kiliran, Toro.","Description of new species from Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/444/mode/1up","Stelgidillas hypochloris"],["23431","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus fulviventris","Cabanis, 1876","Journal für Ornithologie 24, no.133 p.92","Pale-olive Greenbul","Pale-olive Greenbul","Pale-olive Greenbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill gallery forest, riparian thicket in dry woodland, forest-savanna mosaic, and secondary forest, from Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and far western Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to southwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712914","paogre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paogre1","avibase-146387FC",null,null,"Chinchoncho, Loango Coast.","[Über eine Anzahl neuer westafrikanischer Arten, welche von Herrn Dr. Falkenstein, zu Chinchoncho an der Loangoküste gesammelt sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101769#page/104/mode/1up","Phyllostrephus fulviventris"],["23432","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Phyllastrephus baumanni","Reichenow, 1895","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.96","Baumann's Olive Greenbul","Baumann's Greenbul","Baumann's Greenbul",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill wooded savanna, forest-savanna mosaic, gallery forest, farmbush, and Lantana thickets, from western Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southeastern Nigeria and adjacent southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712924","baugre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baugre1","avibase-D5A35997",null,null,"Misahohe [Togoland].","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/112/mode/1up","Phyllostrephus baumanni"],["23433","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.102",null,null,null,"2025-0761a","The genus <em>Microtarsus</em> is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded Pycnonotus. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus</em>, <em>melanoleucos</em>, <em>urostictus</em>, <em>priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus</em> based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017) with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Microtarsus melanoleucos [Eyton, 1839]; type by monotypy",null,"Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/632/mode/1up","Microtarsus"],["23434","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus eutilotus","(Jardine & Selby, 1837)","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.1 pl.3, with text","Puff-backed Bulbul","Puff-backed Bulbul","Puff-backed Bulbul","2025-0761a","The genus <em>Microtarsus</em> is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded Pycnonotus. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus</em>, <em>melanoleucos</em>, <em>urostictus</em>, <em>priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus</em> based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017) with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology.","Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka Island, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712702","pubbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubbul1","avibase-E11E7986",null,null,"Singapore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/31/mode/1up","Brachypus eutilotus"],["23435","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus melanoleucos","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.102","Black-and-white Bulbul","Black-and-white Bulbul","Black-and-white Bulbul","2025-0761a","The genus <em>Microtarsus</em> is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded Pycnonotus. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus</em>, <em>melanoleucos</em>, <em>urostictus</em>, <em>priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus</em> based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017) with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology.","southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Siberut (off western Sumatra), and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712616","bawbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawbul2","avibase-B36D1FAC",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/632/mode/1up","Microtarsus melanoleucos"],["23436","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus urostictus","(Salvadori, 1870)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 5 p.509","Yellow-wattled Bulbul","Yellow-wattled Bulbul","Yellow-wattled Bulbul","2025-0761a","The genus <em>Microtarsus</em> is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded Pycnonotus. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus</em>, <em>melanoleucos</em>, <em>urostictus</em>, <em>priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus</em> based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017) with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology.","Philippines (except Palawan group, Mindoro, most West Visayas, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712710","yewbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yewbul1","avibase-58147836",null,null,"Philippine Islands; type locality inferentially restricted to Luzon, bv Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Is., pt. 4, p. 388.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=b2xEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA509","Brachypus urostictus"],["23437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus urostictus ilokensis","(Rand & Rabor, 1967)","Fieldiana Zoology 51, no.6 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60BEB604",null,null,"from Balaoi, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, Luzon Island, at 250 feet altitude. collected 27 April 1959 by D. S. Rabor and R. B. Gonzales.","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/8/mode/1up","Pycnonotus urostictus ilokensis"],["23438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus urostictus urostictus","(Salvadori, 1870)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 5 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Polillo); formerly Catanduanes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11D5BF5D",null,null,"Philippine Islands; type locality inferentially restricted to Luzon, bv Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Is., pt. 4, p. 388.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=b2xEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA509","Brachypus urostictus"],["23439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus urostictus atricaudatus","(Parkes, 1967)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 87, no.2 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Samar, Panaon, Biliran, and Leyte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2909C5B0",null,null,"San Isidro, Samar Island, Philippines, 20th April, 1957, by D. S. Rabor","A new subspecies of the Wattled Bulbul Pycnonotus urostictus, of the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/48/mode/1up","Pycnonotus urostictus atricaudatus"],["23440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus urostictus philippensis","(Hachisuka, 1934)","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 8, no.38 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Dinagat, Siargao, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-354C1604",null,null,"Dinagat, Philippine Islands.","Notes on the Birds from the Philippine Islands and Borneo","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.8.38_220","Poliolophus urostictus philippensis"],["23441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus urostictus basilanicus","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan and Zamboanga peninsula of Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2691BD9A",null,null,"Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/23/mode/1up","Poliolophus Basilanicus"],["23442","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus priocephalus","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.246","Grey-headed Bulbul","Gray-headed Bulbul","Grey-headed Bulbul","2025-0761a","The genus <em>Microtarsus</em> is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded Pycnonotus. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus</em>, <em>melanoleucos</em>, <em>urostictus</em>, <em>priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus</em> based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017) with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology.","southwestern Peninsular India (southern Maharashtra and Goa to western Karnataka and Kerala)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712619","gyhbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbul1","avibase-D370538F",null,null,"near the foot of the Perya Pass, Malabar District, Madras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/270/mode/1up","B[rachypus] priocephalus"],["23443","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus nieuwenhuisii","(Finsch, 1901)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.2 p.95","Blue-wattled Bulbul","Blue-wattled Bulbul","Blue-wattled Bulbul","2025-0761a, 2025-0761b","2025-0761a)) The genus <em>Microtarsus </em>is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded <em>Pycnonotus</em>. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus, melanoleucos, urostictus, priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus </em>based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017), with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology. 2025-0761b)) Taxon <em>nieuwenhuisii </em>is recognized as a species (<em>Microtarsus nieuwenhuisii</em>) pending further research. Sometimes considered a color morph or hybrid (Williams 2002), this hypothesis has not yet been substantiated (Collar 2014), leading to its continued treatment as a species.","Sumatra and Borneo; practically unknown",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712705","blwbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwbul1","avibase-84F1B408",null,null,"Upper Kayan River, near the source of the Bulongan, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37388#page/119/mode/1up","Poliolophus Nieuwenhuisii"],["23444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus nieuwenhuisii inexspectatus","(Chasen, 1939)","Treubia 17, no.3 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"rediscovered in northwestern Sumatra and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-657DD962",null,null,"Lesten [lat. 4° 12' N., long. 97° 40' E.], Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of new Birds from North Sumatra 2","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i2.2564","Euptilosus nieuwenhuisii inexspectatus"],["23445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus nieuwenhuisii nieuwenhuisii","(Finsch, 1901)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.2 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"known from a 1901 specimen from northeastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B33A4D5",null,null,"Upper Kayan River, near the source of the Bulongan, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37388#page/119/mode/1up","Poliolophus Nieuwenhuisii"],["23446","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus fuscoflavescens","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1, no.2, 3 & 4, A new Genus of the Malurinæ - Blanfordius p.297-298","Andaman Bulbul","Andaman Bulbul","Andaman Bulbul","2025-0761a","The genus <em>Microtarsus</em> is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded Pycnonotus. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus</em>, <em>melanoleucos</em>, <em>urostictus</em>, <em>priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus</em> based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017) with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology.","Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103836280","andbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andbul1","avibase-78E73320",null,null,"Port Mouat and Mount Harriet, South Andaman, Andaman Islands.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/319/mode/1up","Brachypodius fuscoflavescens"],["23447","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus melanocephalos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.309","Black-headed Bulbul","Black-headed Bulbul","Black-headed Bulbul","2025-0761a, 2025-N065","((761a: The genus <em>Microtarsus</em> is recognized for seven taxa previously included under an expanded Pycnonotus. Five taxa (<em>eutilotus</em>, <em>melanoleucos</em>, <em>urostictus</em>, <em>priocephalus</em>, and <em>melanocephalos</em>) are included in <em>Microtarsus</em> based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017), with <em>fuscoflavescens</em> and <em>nieuwenhuisii</em> also placed here based on morphology.((WGAN065: The correct species epithet for Black-headed Bulbul is <em>Brachypodius melanocephalos</em>, first published as <em>Lanius melanocephalos</em> Gmelin, 1788. The usage of the name <em>Brachypodius atriceps</em>, based on <em>Turdus atriceps</em> Temminck, 1822, is based on the belief that <em>Brachypodius melanocephalos</em> (Gmelin, 1788) is a junior synonym of Lanius collurio, var. ε <em>melanocephalus</em> Gmelin, 1788 (a name of a subspecies of Red-backed Shrike). However, the latter two names differ by one letter (ICZN Article 57.6), and are therefore not homonyms. Even if they were to be considered homonyms, the name for the bulbul would take precedence because of its higher rank in the original work by Gmelin (1788) (ICZN Article 24.1).","humid to mixed deciduous and swamp forest from Meghalaya (northeastern India) and Bangladesh eastwards to Myanmar and southernmost China, thence southwards to southern Cambodia and Vietnam, and the Malayan Peninsula to Singapore and satellite islands, Sumatra (including Simeleue, Nias, and Mentawai Islands), Borneo and Maratua Island, Java and Bali, and Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103836079","blhbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhbul1","avibase-C72EC8C8",null,null,"Sandwich Islands, error; type locality corrected to Sumatra, by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 10, footnote 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/321/mode/1up","Lanius melanocephalos"],["23448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus melanocephalos melanocephalos","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India and Bangladesh through southeastern Asia to the Greater Sundas, western Sumatran islands, and western Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5127B81C",null,null,"Sandwich Islands, error; type locality corrected to Sumatra, by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 10, footnote 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/321/mode/1up","Lanius melanocephalos"],["23449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus melanocephalos hyperemnus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue Island (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-096C1E06",null,null,"Simalur, West Sumatran Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/128/mode/1up","Microtarsus melanocephalos hyperemnus"],["23450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus melanocephalos baweanus","(Finsch, 1901)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXII, Note XVII p.209-210",null,null,null,null,null,"Bawean Island (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FC6DC6A",null,null,"Bawean Island, Java Sea.","Zur Catalogisirung der onithologischen Abtheilung. V. Indische Gattungen und Arten, aus den Familien : Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Muscicapidae, Sylviinae, Timeliidae, Zosteropidae und Nectariniidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37358#page/227/mode/1up","Brachypodius baweanus"],["23451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Microtarsus melanocephalos hodiernus","Bangs & Peters, 1927","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"Maratua Islands (Celebes Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4290D518",null,null,"Maratua Island [lat. 2° 15' N., long. 118° 35' E.], Celebes Sea.","Birds from Maratua Island, off the east coast of Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/278/mode/1up","Microtarsus hodiernus"],["23452","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus dispar [Horsfield]; type by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 47.)",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/122/mode/1up","Rubigula"],["23453","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula erythropthalmos","(Hume, 1878)","Stray Feathers 6 p.314","Spectacled Bulbul","Spectacled Bulbul","Spectacled Bulbul","2025-0761c","The eight members of <em>Rubigula</em>, previously included in an expanded <em>Pycnonotus</em>, are separated generically based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017). Retaining these in a broad <em>Pycnonotus </em>would render the genus paraphyletic, as <em>Spizixos </em>is embedded within it.","Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and satellites, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712747","spebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spebul1","avibase-01D478BD",null,null,"region of the Pak Chan Estuary and Bankasun, Mergui, Tenasserim.","A Revised List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/334/mode/1up","I[xos] erythropthalmos"],["23454","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula cyaniventris","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.792","Grey-bellied Bulbul","Gray-bellied Bulbul","Grey-bellied Bulbul","2025-0761c","The eight members of <em>Rubigula</em>, previously included in an expanded <em>Pycnonotus</em>, are separated generically based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017). Retaining these in a broad <em>Pycnonotus </em>would render the genus paraphyletic, as <em>Spizixos </em>is embedded within it.","Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712631","gybbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybbul1","avibase-31F7A690",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/208/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] ? cyaniventris"],["23455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula cyaniventris cyaniventris","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.792",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Sipura Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B02BC048",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/208/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] ? cyaniventris"],["23456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula cyaniventris paroticalis","(Sharpe, 1878)","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.8 p.418-419",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63388CB0",null,null,"Sarawak.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part III. On two Collections of Birds from Sarawak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/462/mode/1up","Ixidia paroticalis"],["23457","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula squamata","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.76, vol.2 pl.453 fig.2","Scaly-breasted Bulbul","Scaly-breasted Bulbul","Scaly-breasted Bulbul","2025-0761c","The eight members of <em>Rubigula</em>, previously included in an expanded <em>Pycnonotus</em>, are separated generically based on the genetic analysis of Shakya &amp; Sheldon (2017). Retaining these in a broad <em>Pycnonotus </em>would render the genus paraphyletic, as <em>Spizixos </em>is embedded within it.","Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and western and central Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712628","scbbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbbul1","avibase-7F4011E2",null,null,"Java; type specimen probably from Bantam, fide Finsch, 1905, Notes Leyden Mus., 25, p. 98, footnote 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/390/mode/1up","Ixos squamatus"],["23458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula squamata webberi","(Hume, 1879)","Stray Feathers 8, no.1 p.40-43",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thai-Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6464B545",null,null,"interior of the Tonka territories = Phuket Province, Thailand.","A First Tentative List of the Birds of the western half of the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95022#page/70/mode/1up","Ixidia webberi"],["23459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula squamata squamata","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.76, vol.2 pl.453 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-895ED303",null,null,"Java; type specimen probably from Bantam, fide Finsch, 1905, Notes Leyden Mus., 25, p. 98, footnote 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/390/mode/1up","Ixos squamatus"],["23460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula squamata borneensis","(Chasen, 1941)","Treubia 18, Suppl. p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB2C1176",null,null,"Samarahan River, Sarawak.","The Birds of the Netherlands Indian Mt. Leuser expedition, 1937, to North Sumatra.",null,"Pycnonotus squamatus borneensis"],["23461","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.573","Black-crested Bulbul","Black-crested Bulbul","Black-crested Bulbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill mixed deciduous forest, abandoned clearings, orchards and gardens, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to eastern Ghats (India), peninsular Malaysia, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103826151","blcbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcbul2","avibase-F517B7FD",null,null,"Dampara, Singhbhum District, Bihar.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/631/mode/1up","Vanga Flaviventris"],["23462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris flaviventris","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Punjab) to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD40E800",null,null,"Dampara, Singhbhum District, Bihar.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/631/mode/1up","Vanga Flaviventris"],["23463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris vantynei","(Deignan, 1948)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.7 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to northern Thailand, northern Laos, Tonkin, and northern Annam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D37D379",null,null,"Phongtho [lat. 22° 32' N., long. 103° 20' E.], Tonkin.","Continental races of the Bulbul Pycnonotus dispar (Horsfield).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/284/mode/1up","Pycnonotus dispar vantynei"],["23464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris xanthops","(Deignan, 1948)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.7 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-627CCC23",null,null,"Ban Mae [18°40'N., 98° 50' E.], Thailand.","Continental races of the Bulbul Pycnonotus dispar (Horsfield).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/284/mode/1up","Pycnonotus dispar xanthops"],["23465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris aurata","(Deignan, 1948)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.7 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"northern plateau of northeastern Thailand and adjacent western Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B2E7F4C",null,null,"Muang Lom Sak [lat. 16° 45' N., long. 101° 10' E.], Thailand.","Continental races of the Bulbul Pycnonotus dispar (Horsfield).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/284/mode/1up","Pycnonotus dispar auratus"],["23466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris johnsoni","Gyldenstolpe, 1913","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar Ser. 3, 50 (8) p.25, pl. 1, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern plateau of Thailand to southern Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AEA9D49",null,null,"Near Ban Chakkrarat [lat. 15° 00' N., long. 102° 25' E.], Thailand.","Birds collected by the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Siam, 1911-12.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132226#page/1073/mode/1up","Rubigula johnsoni"],["23467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris elbeli","(Deignan, 1954)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 44, no.4 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"islets off coast of southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCBBA7CD",null,null,"Ko Kut [lat. 11° 40' N., long. 102° 35' E.], Thailand.","Five new races of bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) from southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122834#page/109/mode/1up","Pycnonotus melanicterus elbeli"],["23468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris negata","(Deignan, 1954)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 44, no.4 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and adjacent southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA3568CA",null,null,"Ban Hin Laem [14°40'N., 98° 40' E.], Thailand.","Five new races of bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) from southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122834#page/109/mode/1up","Pycnonotus melanicterus negatus"],["23469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula flaviventris caecilii","(Deignan, 1948)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.7 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3B609D3",null,null,"Trang Province [ca. lats. 7°-8° N.], Thailand.","Continental races of the Bulbul Pycnonotus dispar (Horsfield).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/284/mode/1up","Pycnonotus dispar caecilii"],["23470","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula melanictera","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.941","Black-capped Bulbul","Black-capped Bulbul","Black-capped Bulbul","2025-N042","<em>Rubigula melanicterus</em> has also been used. Gmelin (1789) originally described the species as \"<em>melanictera</em>\" under the genus <em>Muscicapa</em>. The word is of Greek origin and Latinized, and is not an obvious choice for an adjective because the decisive part \"-<em>ictera</em>\" is a Latinization of the Greek noun \"ikteros\", referring to a classical yellow bird (probably the European Oriole). An obvious adjectivization of this would have been \"-<em>icterinus </em>/ <em>-icterina</em>\". Hence, the word should be interpreted as a noun in apposition. Even if this argument is not granted, Article 31.2.2 of the Code would stipulate an interpretation as a noun rather than an adjective in cases of doubt. Hence, the original \"<em>melanictera</em>\" should be used regardless of genus context.","Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103825842","bkcbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbul2","avibase-8F9DB2BC",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/442/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] melanictera"],["23471","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula gularis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.186","Flame-throated Bulbul","Flame-throated Bulbul","Flame-throated Bulbul",null,null,"hills of southwestern India (western Karnataka to Kerala and Tamil Nadu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103826116","bkcbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbul1","avibase-442951D4",null,null,"Travancore.","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/364/mode/1up","Brachypus gularis"],["23472","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula montis","Sharpe, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.247-248","Bornean Bulbul","Bornean Bulbul","Bornean Bulbul",null,null,"highlands of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103827210","bkcbul4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbul4","avibase-D0DE2864",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain, in North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/333/mode/1up","Rubigula montis"],["23473","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula dispar","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.150","Ruby-throated Bulbul","Ruby-throated Bulbul","Ruby-throated Bulbul",null,null,"Sumatra, Java, and Bali",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103827052","bkcbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbul3","avibase-74235327",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/169/mode/1up","Turdus dispar"],["23474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula dispar matamerah","Berryman & Collar, 2023","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 143, no.2 p.240 [237-243]",null,null,null,"2026-095","Eaton et al. (2021) first pointed out the red irides of the Sumatran population (vs. creamy yellow on Java and Bali) in <em>Rubigula dispar</em>. The Sumatran population was then formally described as subspecies <em>Rubigula dispar matamerah</em> by Berryman &amp; Collar (2023). Subspecies <em>Rubigula dispar matamerah</em> is hereby recognized as a valid subspecies.","Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2294F38F",null,null,"Sidjoendjoeng [Sijunjung], c.00°42'S 100°58'E, c.270 m, Sumatra, Indonesia,","Subspeciation in the Ruby-throated Bulbul Rubigula dispar","https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v143i2.2023.a7","Rubigula dispar matamerah"],["23475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Rubigula dispar dispar","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.150",null,null,null,"2026-095","Eaton et al. (2021) first pointed out the red irides of the Sumatran population (vs. creamy yellow on Java and Bali) in <em>Rubigula dispar</em>. The Sumatran population was then formally described as subspecies <em>Rubigula dispar matamerah</em> by Berryman &amp; Collar (2023). Subspecies <em>Rubigula dispar matamerah</em> is hereby recognized as a valid subspecies.","Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCFA4385",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/169/mode/1up","Turdus dispar"],["23476","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Nok","Fuchs, Pasquet, Stuart et al., 2018","Ibis vol.160, no.3 p.659-665",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pycnonotus hualon [Woxvoldet al., 2009]; type by original description",null,"Phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic Bare‐faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon with description of a new genus","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322697999","Nok"],["23477","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Nok hualon","(Woxvold, Duckworth & Timmins, 2009)","Forktail 25 1-12","Bare-faced Bulbul","Bare-faced Bulbul","Bare-faced Bulbul",null,null,"limestone karst of central Laos; perhaps also west-central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735824","bafbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bafbul1","avibase-B6EF6AA0",null,null,"Pha Lom (16°58’13”N 105°48’48”E), south of Ban Nonsomphou (a village not marked on the standard 1985–1987 series of Lao government 1:100,000 topographic maps), Vilabouli district, Savannakhet province, Lao PDR (Fig. 1) at c.295 m asl on 5 December 2008 by IAW","An unusual new bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) from the limestone karst of Lao PDR","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238793796","Pycnonotus hualon"],["23478","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Spizixos","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Spizixos canifrons [Blyth, 1845]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/117/mode/1up","Spizixos"],["23479","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Spizixos semitorques","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.11 p.266","Collared Finchbill","Collared Finchbill","Collared Finchbill",null,null,"foothill to submontane open woodland, second growth, montane scrub, and brushy ravines, in southeastern China and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712600","colfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colfin1","avibase-40F3B30B",null,null,"'Pehling plateau,' near Minhow [Foochow], Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/302/mode/1up","Spizixos semitorques"],["23480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Spizixos semitorques semitorques","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.11 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern China to northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE55CBF9",null,null,"'Pehling plateau,' near Minhow [Foochow], Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/302/mode/1up","Spizixos semitorques"],["23481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Spizixos semitorques cinereicapillus","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AE168FD",null,null,"Formosa.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/466/mode/1up","Spizixus cinereicapillus"],["23482","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Spizixos canifrons","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.571","Crested Finchbill","Crested Finchbill","Crested Finchbill",null,null,"foothill and montane open and stunted forest, montane scrub, bamboo, and brambles, from northeastern India eastward to south-central China, and southward to western and eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712597","crefin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crefin1","avibase-10F913B3",null,null,"Cherrapunji, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Assam.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/117/mode/1up","Sp[izixos] canifrons"],["23483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Spizixos canifrons canifrons","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to hills of western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D35D0CFB",null,null,"Cherrapunji, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Assam.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/117/mode/1up","Sp[izixos] canifrons"],["23484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Spizixos canifrons ingrami","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to southwestern China (Yunnan), northwestern Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A67B293",null,null,"Mengtsz [lat. 23° 23' N., long. 103° 2r E.], Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/387/mode/1up","Spizixus canifrons ingrami"],["23485","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.973",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus capensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/535/mode/1up","Pycnonotus"],["23486","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus tympanistrigus","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.353","Spot-necked Bulbul","Spot-necked Bulbul","Spot-necked Bulbul","2025-0761d","Taxon <em>leucogrammicus </em>is provisionally placed in the genus <em>Ixos </em>pending further research. Although available genetic evidence does not provide strong support for its exact placement (Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017), <em>leucogrammicus </em>was originally placed in <em>Ixos </em>based on morphology and is the treatment followed here. Taxon <em>tympanistrigus </em>is here assigned to <em>Pycnonotus </em>based on phenotypic evidence but further research is needed to determine its exact placement.","foothills of western Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712613","spnbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spnbul1","avibase-1DAB56C6",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353#v=onepage&f=false","Ixos tympanistrigus"],["23487","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus simplex","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167","Cream-vented Bulbul","Cream-vented Bulbul","Cream-vented Bulbul",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155218901","crvbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crvbul1","avibase-12679AF2",null,null,"Sumatra.","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Picnonotus simplex"],["23488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus simplex simplex","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Riau, Lingga, Nias, and Batu islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC2196A2",null,null,"Sumatra.","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Picnonotus simplex"],["23489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus simplex perplexus","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo; also Bangka, Belitung, Balambangan, and South Natuna islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6DF6205",null,null,"Balembangan Island [lat. 7° 1r N., long. 116° 5r E.], North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Pycnonotus simplex perplexus"],["23490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus simplex prillwitzi","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.561",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F10B0AAE",null,null,"Karang Bolong [lat. 7° 45' S., long. 19° 28' E.], Java.","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/627/mode/1up","Pycnonotus prillwitzi"],["23491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus simplex halizonus","Oberholser, 1917","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas and North Natuna islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8CADB93",null,null,"Pulau Jemaja [lat. 2° 55' N., long. 105° 45' E.], Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/59/mode/1up","Pycnonotus simplex halizonus"],["23492","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cinereifrons","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.617-618","Ashy-fronted Bulbul","Ashy-fronted Bulbul","Ashy-fronted Bulbul",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan, Culion, and Busuanga)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834609","asfbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asfbul1","avibase-8BEDAAAC",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/203/mode/1up","Brachypus cinereifrons"],["23493","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus pseudosimplex","Shakya, Lim, Moyle et al., 2019","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 139, no.1 p.52 [46-55]","Cream-eyed Bulbul","Cream-eyed Bulbul","Cream-eyed Bulbul",null,null,"Borneo (confirmed from Sarawak, Sabah, and northeastern Kalimantan, but probably more widespread)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155219571","crebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebul1","avibase-CCF575F5",null,null,"Malaysia, Sarawak, Miri Division, Miri, Lambir Hills National Park, 04°12'N, 114°25'E; elevation c.120 m","A cryptic new species of bulbul from Borneo","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331811328","Pycnonotus pseudosimplex"],["23494","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus brunneus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.568","Asian Red-eyed Bulbul","Red-eyed Bulbul","Red-eyed Bulbul",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712743","reebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reebul1","avibase-9B937C26",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/114/mode/1up","[Pycnonotus] brunneus"],["23495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus brunneus brunneus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.568",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32E76C66",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/114/mode/1up","[Pycnonotus] brunneus"],["23496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus brunneus zapolius","Oberholser, 1917","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5C08192",null,null,"Pulau Siantan [lat. 3° 10' N., long. 106° 15' E.], Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/61/mode/1up","Pycnonotus brunneus zapolius"],["23497","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus porphyreus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.11","Barusan Bulbul","Barusan Bulbul",null,"2026-083","Pycnonotus porphyreus is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>P. plumosus</em> based on divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Cros et al. 2020), differences in eye colour, plumage and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2020; Eaton et al. 2021), and lack of intermediates where their ranges approach.","far western Sumatra (west of the Barisan Range) and islands to the west (Nias, Batu, Banyak, and Mentawai islands)",null,null,null,"olwbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olwbul3","avibase-084D69A1",null,null,"North Pagi Island, West Sumatran Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/129/mode/1up","Pycnonotus plumosus porphyreus"],["23498","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus plumosus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.567","Olive-winged Bulbul","Olive-winged Bulbul",null,"2026-083","Pycnonotus porphyreus is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>P. plumosus</em> based on divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Cros et al. 2020), differences in eye colour, plumage and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2020; Eaton et al. 2021), and lack of intermediates where their ranges approach.","Malayan Peninsula, Riau, and Anambas islands, central and eastern Sumatra (east of the Barisan Range), Belitung Island, Borneo, and adjacent islands, including Cagayan Sulu (far southwestern Philippines), Java, and Bawean Island (Java Sea)",null,null,null,"olwbul9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olwbul9","avibase-03982763",null,null,"Singapore.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/113/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] plumosus"],["23499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus plumosus plumosus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.567",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra and satellites, Java, Bali, and western and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8AEA8BE",null,null,"Singapore.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/113/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] plumosus"],["23500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus plumosus hutzi","Stresemann, 1938","Temminckia 3 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E35430D5",null,null,"Long Peleben, on the Sungei Bulungan, eastern Borneo.","Vögel vom Fluss Kajan (Nordost-Borneo) gesammelt von Baron Victor von Plessen.",null,"Pycnonotus plumosus hutzi"],["23501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus plumosus hachisukae","Deignan, 1952","The Auk 69, no.4 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggi and adjacent islands off northeastern Borneo; Cagayan Sulu (far southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7EFC549",null,null,"Banggai [=Banggi] Island [lat. 7° 15' N., long. 117° 10' E.], North Borneo.","The Nomenclature of Certain Bulbuls (Pycnonotus): A Reconsideration","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol69/iss4/20/","Pycnonotus plumosus hachisukae"],["23502","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus luteolus","(Lesson, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.354","White-browed Bulbul","White-browed Bulbul","White-browed Bulbul",null,null,"open arid scrub, dense thorny thickets, and woodland in the Indian subcontinent from Gujarat eastward to southwestern West Bengal, and southward through Peninsular India to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712728","whbbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbul2","avibase-587EC0C3",null,null,"India ; type locality restricted to Bombay, by Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, no. 3, p. 471.","Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/364/mode/1up","Haematornis luteolus"],["23503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus luteolus luteolus","(Lesson, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"lower elevations in Indian peninsula, from Gujarat and western West Bengal southward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0B38FEE",null,null,"India ; type locality restricted to Bombay, by Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, no. 3, p. 471.","Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/364/mode/1up","Haematornis luteolus"],["23504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus luteolus insulae","Whistler & Kinnear, 1932","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35, no.4 p.759",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCA0F7C8",null,null,"Tellula, Ceylon.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part II.","https://ia800309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalofbomb35341932bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalofbomb35341932bomb&server=ia800309.us.archive.org&page=n416_w469","Pycnonotus luteolus insulae"],["23505","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus davisoni","(Hume, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3, no.4 p.301","Pale-eyed Bulbul","Pale-eyed Bulbul","Pale-eyed Bulbul","2025-0758","Taxon <em>davisoni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pycnonotus finlaysoni</em> based on differences in plumage and eye color.","southern Myanmar (Ayeyarwady River delta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103833944","sttbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttbul2","avibase-E68BC96B",null,null,"twelve miles north of Rangoon, Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/331/mode/1up","Ixus Davisoni"],["23506","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus finlaysoni","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.411","Stripe-throated Bulbul","Stripe-throated Bulbul","Stripe-throated Bulbul","2025-0758","Taxon <em>davisoni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pycnonotus finlaysoni</em> based on differences in plumage and eye color.","humid and mixed deciduous forest and scrub from eastern Myanmar, southernmost China (far southern Yunnan; rare), and northern Vietnam (including Côn Đảo) southward to southern Cambodia, southern Vietnam, and the Malayan Peninsula to southern Malayan peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103833866","sttbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttbul3","avibase-249A8210",null,null,"'Probably from some of the Malasian islands, error; type locality corrected to Malacca, by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 560.","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/445/mode/1up","Pycnonotus Finlaysoni"],["23507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus finlaysoni eous","Riley, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.27 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to southwestern China (southern Yunnan), Thailand, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCDE64F0",null,null,"Col des Nuages [16°11'N., 108° 08' E.], Annam.","Six new forms of Birds from Indochina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/157/mode/1up","Pycnonotus finlaysoni eous"],["23508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus finlaysoni finlaysoni","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar through Malayan Peninsula (southward to Malacca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D5EF27E",null,null,"'Probably from some of the Malasian islands, error; type locality corrected to Malacca, by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 560.","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/445/mode/1up","Pycnonotus Finlaysoni"],["23509","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus zeylanicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.804","Straw-headed Bulbul","Straw-headed Bulbul","Straw-headed Bulbul",null,null,"Myanmar to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Nias, Java, and Borneo",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712603","sthbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbul1","avibase-6116C5B3",null,null,"Ceylon, error; type locality inferentially corrected to Java, by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, no. 3, p. 272.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/305/mode/1up","[Sturnus] zeylanicus"],["23510","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus blanfordi","Jerdon, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.20,note","Ayeyarwady Bulbul","Ayeyarwady Bulbul",null,"2025-0760","Taxon <em>conradi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pycnonotus blanfordi</em> based on iris color and divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Garg et al. 2016).","central and southern Myanmar",null,null,null,"ayebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ayebul1","avibase-33C76559",null,null,"Thayetmyo [lat. 19° 19' N., long 95° 11' E.], Upper Burma.","Notice of some New Species of Birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/44/mode/1up","Pycnonotus blanfordi"],["23511","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus conradi","(Finsch, 1873)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.349","Streak-eared Bulbul","Streak-eared Bulbul",null,"2025-0760","Taxon <em>conradi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pycnonotus blanfordi</em> based on iris color and divergence in mitochondrial and genomic DNA (Garg et al. 2016).","Thailand, southern Indochina, and the northern and central Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,"stebul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stebul2","avibase-E5A86DFA",null,null,"Bangkok [lat. 13° 45' N., long. 100° 30' E.], Thailand.",null,null,"Criniger Conradi"],["23512","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus xantholaemus","(Jerdon, 1845)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.122","Yellow-throated Bulbul","Yellow-throated Bulbul","Yellow-throated Bulbul",null,null,"thornscrub of southern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712719","yetbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetbul1","avibase-12D2FAB5",null,null,"Eastern Ghats, India.","Second Supplement to the Catalogue of the Birds of Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/424/mode/1up","Brachypus xantholaemus"],["23513","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus flavescens","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.568","Flavescent Bulbul","Flavescent Bulbul","Flavescent Bulbul","2025-0759","Taxon <em>leucops </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pycnonotus flavescens</em> based on differences in plumage and mitochondrial DNA (Dejtaradol et al. 2016).","hills of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) through southeastern Asia southward to northern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834344","flabul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flabul1","avibase-9F6CB52D",null,null,"Arakan Division, Burma; type locality restricted to the hills between Sandoway and Prome, by Kloss, 1923, Journ. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., 18, p. 569.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/114/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] flavescens"],["23514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus flavescens flavescens","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.568",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F14107C7",null,null,"Arakan Division, Burma; type locality restricted to the hills between Sandoway and Prome, by Kloss, 1923, Journ. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., 18, p. 569.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/114/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] flavescens"],["23515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus flavescens vividus","(Stuart Baker, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southwestern China (Yunnan), Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91C12802",null,null,"Salween District, and Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenasserim.","Description of new species of Bulbuls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/42/mode/1up","Xanthiscus flavescens vivida"],["23516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus flavescens sordidus","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.569-570",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1BD04BA",null,null,"Arbre Broye, Haut-Donai Province, Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/667/mode/1up","Xanthiscus flavescens sordidus"],["23517","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus leucops","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.388-389, pl. IX, fig. 1","Pale-faced Bulbul","Pale-faced Bulbul","Pale-faced Bulbul","2025-0759","Taxon <em>leucops </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pycnonotus flavescens</em> based on differences in plumage and mitochondrial DNA (Dejtaradol et al. 2016).","northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu to mounts Mulu and Murud)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834499","flabul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flabul3","avibase-9B0BF560",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/416/mode/1up","Oreoctistes leucops"],["23518","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus snouckaerti","Siebers, 1928","Treubia 10, no.2-3 p.396-397","Aceh Bulbul","Aceh Bulbul","Aceh Bulbul",null,null,"mountains of northwestern Sumatra",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103831996","orsbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orsbul2","avibase-B4BD2218",null,null,"Takengon Lake, Acheh district, Sumatra.","Eine neue Pycnonotus-Art von Nord-Sumatra.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v10i2-3.1810","Pycnonotus snouckaerti"],["23519","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus bimaculatus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.147","Orange-spotted Bulbul","Orange-spotted Bulbul","Orange-spotted Bulbul",null,null,"montane central and southern Sumatra and Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103828414","orsbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orsbul3","avibase-6EFA005F",null,null,"Java; type specimen 'an East Javan bird,' fide Robinson and Kloss, 1920, Journ. Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. (1919), no. 81, p. 103.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/166/mode/1up","Turdus bimaculatus"],["23520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus bimaculatus bimaculatus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Sumatra, western, and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4773CD69",null,null,"Java; type specimen 'an East Javan bird,' fide Robinson and Kloss, 1920, Journ. Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. (1919), no. 81, p. 103.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/166/mode/1up","Turdus bimaculatus"],["23521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus bimaculatus tenggerensis","(van Oort, 1911)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 34 no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2667C149",null,null,"Nongkojajar, Tenger Mountains, Java.","On a small collection of birds from Mount Tengger, East Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47509#page/60/mode/1up","Crocopsis bimaculatus tenggerensis"],["23522","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus penicillatus","Blyth, 1851","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.178","Yellow-eared Bulbul","Yellow-eared Bulbul","Yellow-eared Bulbul",null,null,"highlands of Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712722","yeebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeebul1","avibase-4F30CD0E",null,null,"Ceylon.","Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/226/mode/1up","Pycnonotus penicillatus"],["23523","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus xanthorrhous","Anderson, 1869","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.265","Brown-breasted Bulbul","Brown-breasted Bulbul","Brown-breasted Bulbul",null,null,"foothill to montane scrub, tall grass, and bramble thickets, from western Myanmar and southeastern China southward to northern Thailand and northern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712640","brbbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbbul1","avibase-0604A8C5",null,null,"Manyun, near Lienshan, western Yunnan.","A new species of Pycnonotus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130605#page/333/mode/1up","Pycnonotus xanthorrhous"],["23524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus xanthorrhous xanthorrhous","Anderson, 1869","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Tibet to northeastern Myanmar, southwestern China, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC51F925",null,null,"Manyun, near Lienshan, western Yunnan.","A new species of Pycnonotus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130605#page/333/mode/1up","Pycnonotus xanthorrhous"],["23525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus xanthorrhous andersoni","(Swinhoe, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.27 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Sichuan to northern Guangdong and northwestern Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13C10F1F",null,null,"Ichang, Hupeh.","XVII. Descriptions of three new Species from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/189/mode/1up","Ixus Andersoni"],["23526","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus taivanus","Styan, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.19 p.470","Styan's Bulbul","Styan's Bulbul","Styan's Bulbul",null,null,"coastal lowland forest of eastern and southern Taiwan south of Taroko Gorge (including Hengchun Peninsula)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712646","stybul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stybul1","avibase-A7C19329",null,null,"Formosa.","[Letter from Kiukiang, April 20th, 1893].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/500/mode/1up","Pycnonotus taivanus"],["23527","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus sinensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.942","Light-vented Bulbul","Light-vented Bulbul","Light-vented Bulbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, scrub, cultivation, gardens, from central and northeastern China, coastal Korean Peninsula, and Ryukyu Archipelago (southern Japan) southward to northern Vietnam, southeastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan; northeastern populations migratory to central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712643","livbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/livbul1","avibase-BB5650EB",null,null,"China; type locality here restricted to Canton, Kwangtung.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/443/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] sinensis"],["23528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus sinensis sinensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.942",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern China (Sichuan and southern Shaanxi) eastward to Jiangsu, and southward to Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian; also isolated sites in Beijing and Hebei); partially migratory, some moving in winter to central Vietnam, Hainan (southeastern China), and South Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A6E0C1F",null,null,"China; type locality here restricted to Canton, Kwangtung.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/443/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] sinensis"],["23529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus sinensis hainanus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.253-255",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (southwestern Guangdong, southern Guangxi, and Hainan), and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FF6192F",null,null,"Hainan and Naochow Island.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/275/mode/1up","Ixus hainanus"],["23530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus sinensis formosae","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan (excapt southern and eastern coast south of Taroko Gorge); introduced Okinawa (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04723B1E",null,null,"Taipeh, Formosa.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/250/mode/1up","Pycnonotus sinensis formosae"],["23531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus sinensis orii","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Yaeyama Islands, southern Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11E93740",null,null,"Yonakunijima, Southern Ryukyu Islands.","Description of new subspecies from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/511/mode/1up","Pycnonotus sinensis orii"],["23532","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus goiavier","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96","Yellow-vented Bulbul","Yellow-vented Bulbul","Yellow-vented Bulbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill second growth, coastal scrub, mangroves, plantations, and suburban parks and gardens, from Indochina eastward to Philippines, and southward to Greater Sundas, and Lesser Sundas eastward to Sumbawa; introduced to southern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712731","yevbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yevbul1","avibase-E6413C7F",null,null,"Manila, Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Muscicapa Goiavier"],["23533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus goiavier jambu","Deignan, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.9 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Thailand to southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2307E477",null,null,"Ban Maha Chai [lat. 13° 30' N., long. 100° 15' E.], Thailand.","New Races of Birds from Eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/180/mode/1up","Pycnonotus goiavier jambu"],["23534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus goiavier analis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and nearby islands, Java, Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B8718EA",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/166/mode/1up","Turdus analis"],["23535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus goiavier gourdini","Gray, 1847","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1, pt.41 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and Maratua Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D53A7CAA",null,null,"Banjermasin [lat. 3° 20' S., long. 114° 35' E.], Borneo",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/497/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] Yourdini"],["23536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C542A69",null,null,"Manila, Luzon, ex Sonnerat.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Muscicapa Goiavier"],["23537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus goiavier samarensis","Rand & Rabor, 1960","Fieldiana Zoology 35 no.7 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Samar, Ticao, and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-696F421B",null,null,"Matuguinao, Samar, Philippine Islands. Adult male, collected April 18, 1957, by D. S. Rabor","Birds of the Philippine Islands: Siquijor, Mt. Malindang, Bohol and Samar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20790#page/134/mode/1up","Pycnonotus goiavier samarensis"],["23538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus goiavier suluensis","Mearns, 1909","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1683 p.470-471",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Basilan, Camiguin Sur, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C02165DF",null,null,"Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago.","A list of birds collected by Dr. Paul Bartsch in the Philippine Islands, Borneo, Guam and Midway Island, with descriptions of three new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/588/mode/1up","Pycnonotus goiavier suluensis"],["23539","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.95","Red-whiskered Bulbul","Red-whiskered Bulbul","Red-whiskered Bulbul",null,null,"lowland and foothill hilly woodland, scrub, reedbeds, and urban and suburban parks and gardens, from India, Nepal, and Andaman Islands eastward to southeastern China, and southward to Indochina and Malayan Peninsula; likely introduced to Sumatra and Java; has been introduced worldwide, including Spain, Canary Islands, Arabian Peninsula, Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues (Mascarenes), Singapore, southeastern Australia, Hawaii (Oahu), southern California and southern Florida (USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712634","rewbul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewbul","avibase-F9E37510",null,null,"China; type locality restricted to Canton, Kwangtung, by Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 281.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/113/mode/1up","[Lanius] jocosus"],["23540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus fuscicaudatus","(Gould, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.664",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Tapti River to Kerala and northern Madras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34B3A7CE",null,null,"southern portion of the peninsula of India . . . many parts of the Madras Presidency ; type locality restricted to the Nilgiri Hills, Madras, by Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 35, no. 4, p. 756.","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/766/mode/1up","Otocompsa fuscicaudata"],["23541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus abuensis","(Whistler, 1931)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (northern Bombay to southwestern Rajasthan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5F887B4",null,null,"Mount Abu, Banas Kantha District, Bombay.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Red-whiskered Bulbuls from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/74/mode/1up","Otocompsa jocosa abuensis"],["23542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus pyrrhotis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Valley of Nepal and northern India (eastern Punjab to Bihar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0F69C04",null,null,"India; type locality corrected to Nepal, ex Hodgson, by Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 280.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/419/mode/1up","I[xos] pyrrhotis"],["23543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus emeria","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern India to Myanmar and southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0BBBA69",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","[Motacilla] Emeria"],["23544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus whistleri","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.8 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28852BAF",null,null,"Cinque Islands, southeast of Rutland Island, Andaman Islands.","The races of the Red-whiskered Bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/322/mode/1up","Pycnonotus jocosus whistleri"],["23545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus monticola","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.160-161",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas from Sikkim to northern Myanmar and southwestern China (Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21B0583F",null,null,"Khasi Hills, Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/690/mode/1up","Ixos monticola"],["23546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus jocosus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Guizhou to Guangxi, eastern Guangdong, and Hong Kong); widely introduced",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9086C22",null,null,"China; type locality restricted to Canton, Kwangtung, by Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 281.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/113/mode/1up","[Lanius] jocosus"],["23547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus hainanensis","(Hachisuka, 1939)","Ornithological Society of Japan 15 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam and southeastern China (southern Guangdong); Naozhou Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75D141D9",null,null,"Naochow Island, off the southern coast of Kwangtung.","Contributions to the Birds of Hainan.",null,"Otocompsa jocosa hainanensis"],["23548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus jocosus pattani","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.8 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Thailand to northern Malaya and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E22BF3C",null,null,"Pattani [lat. 6° 50' N., long. 101° 15'E.], Thailand.","The races of the Red-whiskered Bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/322/mode/1up","Pycnonotus jocosus pattani"],["23549","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.295","Red-vented Bulbul","Red-vented Bulbul","Red-vented Bulbul",null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan and central Pakistan through India and Nepal southward to Sri Lanka and eastward to central Myanmar and western Yunnan; introduced widely, especially to Arabian Peninsula and islands of the tropical Pacific eastward to Society Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712695","revbul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/revbul","avibase-95F3F185",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Brisson, error; type locality corrected to Ceylon, apud Stuart Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 79.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/299/mode/1up","[Turdus] cafer"],["23550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer humayuni","Deignan, 1951","The Auk 68, no.1 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan (Salt Range) and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF475997",null,null,"Deesa, Gujarat.","A Substitute Name for a Bulbul, Pycnonotus, of Northwestern India","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol68/iss1/20/","Pycnonotus cafer humayuni"],["23551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer intermedius","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.50,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (western Pakistan to western Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D1779D7",null,null,"upper provinces of India; type locality restricted to Wazirabad, Gujranwala, West Punjab, by Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 35, p. 755, footnote 1, ex Jerdon.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/172/mode/1up","[Pycnonotus] intermedius"],["23552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer bengalensis","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.566 & footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Himalayas, the Gangetic Plain, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63A8BBCC",null,null,"Bengal, Nepal, Assam, sylbhet, Tipperah","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/112/mode/1up","P[ycnonotus] bengalensis"],["23553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer stanfordi","Deignan, 1949","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 39, no.8 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar to far southwestern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4189C92",null,null,"Taro [lat. 26° 20' N., long. 96° 10' E.], Upper Burma.","Races of Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus) and P. aurigaster (Vieillot) in the Indo-Chinese Subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122713#page/301/mode/1up","Pycnonotus cafer stanfordi"],["23554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer melanchimus","Deignan, 1949","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 39, no.8 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Myanmar (Mandalay to Yangon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96CADCCC",null,null,"Rangoon, Lower Burma.","Races of Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus) and P. aurigaster (Vieillot) in the Indo-Chinese Subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122713#page/302/mode/1up","Pycnonotus cafer melanchimus"],["23555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer wetmorei","Deignan, 1960","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35, no.4 p.754",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB787F80",null,null,"Anantagiri [= Ananthagiri, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50585#page/252/mode/1up","Pycnonotus cafer wetmorei"],["23556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer cafer","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA19AD0A",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex Brisson, error; type locality corrected to Ceylon, apud Stuart Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 79.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/299/mode/1up","[Turdus] cafer"],["23557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus cafer haemorrhousus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.941",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B521DD03",null,null,"in Zeylon [=Sri Lanka?], in Java",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/442/mode/1up","Muscicapa haemorrhousa"],["23558","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.258","Sooty-headed Bulbul","Sooty-headed Bulbul","Sooty-headed Bulbul",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill thinly-wooded hillside, scrub, second growth, and gardens, from southeastern China southward through Indochina to peninsular Thailand, and Java and Bali; introduced in Singapore and many Indonesian islands, eastward to Biak",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712699","sohbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sohbul1","avibase-E28751A7",null,null,"Caffraria, ex Levaillant, error = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/276/mode/1up","Turdus aurigaster"],["23559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster chrysorrhoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Fujian, eastern Guangdong, and Hong Kong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-930A2B66",null,null,"Macao.","Description de quelques nouveaux oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/377/mode/1up","H[oematornis] chrysorrhoïdes"],["23560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster resurrectus","Deignan, 1952","The Auk 69, no.4 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Guangdong and Naozhou Island); northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B204B416",null,null,"Naochow Island, Kwangchowan [Naozhou Island, Guangdong Province, China]","The Nomenclature of Certain Bulbuls (Pycnonotus): A Reconsideration","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol69/iss4/20/","Pycnonotus aurigaster resurrectus"],["23561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster dolichurus","Deignan, 1949","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 39, no.8 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Quangtri and Thuathien)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DDD06C0",null,null,"Phu-oc [lat. 16° 33' N., long. 107° 2r E.], Annam.","Races of Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus) and P. aurigaster (Vieillot) in the Indo-Chinese Subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122713#page/301/mode/1up","Pycnonotus aurigaster dolichurus"],["23562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster latouchei","Deignan, 1949","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 39, no.8 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China to northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CB78CCB",null,null,"Lai Chau, northwestern Tonkin.","Races of Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus) and P. aurigaster (Vieillot) in the Indo-Chinese Subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122713#page/299/mode/1up","Pycnonotus aurigaster latouchei"],["23563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster klossi","(Gyldenstolpe, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68180DF7",null,null,"Doi Khun Tan [lat. 18° 30' N., long. 99° 20' E.], Thailand.","On behalf of H. C. Robinson, description of a new subspecies of Bulbul from Northern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/42/mode/1up","Molpastes atricapillus klossi"],["23564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster schauenseei","Delacour, 1943","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 28, no.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56EF6FF4",null,null,"Ban Si Sawat [lat. 14° 40' N., long. 99° 02' E.], Thailand.","Two new subspecies of Pycnonotus cafer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207643#page/241/mode/1up","Pycnonotus cafer schauenseei"],["23565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster thais","(Kloss, 1924)","The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 6, no.3 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-070717CD",null,null,"Bangkok [lat. 13° 45' N., long. 100° 30' E.], Thailand. Yellow- vented variety.","A new Siamese Bulbul.","https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NHBSS_006_3d_Kloss_ANewSiameseBulbul.pdf","Molpastes aurigaster thais"],["23566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster germani","(Oustalet, 1878)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), Tome 2ème (1877-1878), no.1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand to southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A6DD527",null,null,"Saigon, Cochin China.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles de la Cochinchine et de la Nouvelle-Guinée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/294/mode/1up","Ixus Germani"],["23567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus aurigaster aurigaster","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali; introduced Singapore, Sumatra, and southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37FEA655",null,null,"Caffraria, ex Levaillant, error = Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/276/mode/1up","Turdus aurigaster"],["23568","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus leucogenys","(Gray, 1835)","Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2, no.19-20 pl.35 fig.3","Himalayan Bulbul","Himalayan Bulbul","Himalayan Bulbul","2025-N053","The spelling <em>leucogenys </em>is the original spelling used under a plate caption. Unfortunately, the index of this work lists the name under a different spelling (<em>leucogenis</em>). However, doubts about the correct original spelling can be laid to rest as the same author later published information on the same species under the name \"<em>leucogenys</em>\", acting as a First Reviser. That latter spelling is herein adopted.","northeastern Afghanistan and Himalayas from northern Pakistan eastward at least to Arunachal (northeastern India)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712690","whcbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcbul2","avibase-A1DD797F",null,null,"India ; type locality inferentially restricted to Kashmir, by Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 567.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267511#page/77/mode/1up","Brachypus leucogenys"],["23569","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus leucotis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.6","White-eared Bulbul","White-eared Bulbul","White-eared Bulbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry woodland, semi-desert scrub. palm groves, and gardens from Iraq and eastern Arabian Peninsula eastward to Pakistan and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712687","whebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whebul1","avibase-4A85D701",null,null,"East India; type locality restricted to Karachi, West Pakistan, by Ticehurst, 1922, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 28, p. 383.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/18/mode/1up","Ixos leucotis"],["23570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus leucotis mesopotamia","Ticehurst, 1918","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 26, no.1 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Arabian Peninsula, southern Iraq, and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE8A1976",null,null,"Basra, Iraq.","The Mesopotamian Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis mesopotamia subsp. n.).","https://ia801300.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalofbombayn26bomb&itemPath=%2F7%2Fitems%2Fjournalofbombayn26bomb&server=ia801300.us.archive.org&page=n358_w466","Pycnonotus leucotis mesopotamia"],["23571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus leucotis leucotis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Iraq to southern Iran, northern Arabian Peninsula, southern Afghanistan, and western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-756C57D4",null,null,"East India; type locality restricted to Karachi, West Pakistan, by Ticehurst, 1922, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 28, p. 383.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/18/mode/1up","Ixos leucotis"],["23572","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus xanthopygos","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.54","White-spectacled Bulbul","White-spectacled Bulbul","White-spectacled Bulbul",null,null,"coastal southern Türkiye to Near East, Sinai Peninsula, and Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712681","whsbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsbul1","avibase-24B66475",null,null,"Arabia = Muwailah on coast near north end of Red Sea, Bates, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 55, p. 119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/64/mode/1up","Ixus xanthopygos"],["23573","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus nigricans","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.253","African Red-eyed Bulbul","Black-fronted Bulbul","Black-fronted Bulbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia savanna, dry open woodland, and riverine bush, from southwestern Angola, Namibia, and Botswana southward to northern and central South Africa and Lesotho; wanders northward and eastward in dry non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712671","blfbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfbul1","avibase-9EF3E079",null,null,"Banks of the Orange River in Namaqualand {ex Levaillant).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/271/mode/1up","Turdus nigricans"],["23574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus nigricans nigricans","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to Namibia, Botswana, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE24E2D4",null,null,"Banks of the Orange River in Namaqualand {ex Levaillant).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/271/mode/1up","Turdus nigricans"],["23575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus nigricans superior","Clancey, 1959","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 79, no.9 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central South Africa and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87B4AD29",null,null,"Mamathe’s, near Teyateyaneng, north-western Basutoland [=Lesotho]. Altitude c.5,700 ft. a.s.l. 12th March, 1956. Collected by M. O. E. Baddeley","Geographical Variation in the South African Populations of the Red-eyed Bulbul Pycnonotus nigricans (Vieillot).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125532#page/228/mode/1up","Pycnonotus nigricans superior"],["23576","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.295","Cape Bulbul","Cape Bulbul","Cape Bulbul",null,null,"lowland acacia woodland, coastal scrub, shrubby fynbos, riverine bush, and gardens, in southern and southwestern South Africa, and adjacent southwestern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712677","capbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capbul1","avibase-6234824B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/299/mode/1up","Turdus capensis"],["23577","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.500 pl.12","Common Bulbul","Common Bulbul","Common Bulbul","2025-1019","The <em>Pycnonotus barbatus</em> complex is treated as a single polytypic species based on available evidence. Sometimes split into four species (<em>P. barbatus, P. somaliensis, P. dodsoni,</em> and <em>P. tricolor</em>); however, plumage differences are minor, intermediate phenotypes and potential hybrids have been reported (e.g., Turner &amp; Pearson 2015), and vocal differences appear negligible. Although ad hoc mitochondrial DNA data are available for some taxa (Sorenson &amp; Payne 2001; Moyle &amp; Marks 2006; Fuchs et al. 2009, 2018c; Dejtaradol et al. 2016; Huntley &amp; Voelker 2016) a comprehensive genetic review of this complex is lacking; further research needed.","widespread lowland to montane habitats with open trees or bushes, including gardens and plantations, throughout Africa, throughout Africa except treeless Saharan Desert and primary rainforest; has bred in southern Spain",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712650","combul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combul2","avibase-6ABDB635",null,null,"'Cotes de Barbarie' [= near Algiers].","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Turdus barbatus"],["23578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus barbatus","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.500 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46340485",null,null,"'Cotes de Barbarie' [= near Algiers].","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Turdus barbatus"],["23579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus inornatus","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Ghana, northern Niger, northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, and western Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ABE28C8",null,null,"Cape Coast.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Bat, belonging to the genus Rhinolophus, and four new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/395/mode/1up","Ixos inornatus"],["23580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus gabonensis","Sharpe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.132, pl. VII, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nigeria and central Cameroon to Gabon and southern Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F157A91",null,null,"Gabon.","On the Birds of Angola. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/174/mode/1up","Pycnonotus gabonensis"],["23581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus arsinoe","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (Nile Valley), eastern Chad, Sudan, and northern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A869DF4A",null,null,"Fayum, Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/59/mode/1up","T[urdus] Arsinoe"],["23582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus schoanus","Neumann, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia and southeastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1712EEEA",null,null,"Kilbe, Kollu Prov., Shoa [Ethiopia]","Neue afrikanische Subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/91/mode/1up","Pycnonotus barbatus schoanus"],["23583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus dodsoni","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia and adjacent Ethiopia to northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2F86107",null,null,"Sillul, Lammo, and Dada, Western Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/590/mode/1up","Pycnonotus dodsoni"],["23584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus somaliensis","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt2 p.840",null,null,null,null,null,"Djibouti to northwestern Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-958DA0E0",null,null,"Zeila, Somadu, northern Somaliland. Hartert (1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 391) restricted the type locality by designating a 'type' from Dadab [southern Zeila].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/884/mode/1up","Pycnonotus arsinoe somaliensis"],["23585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus spurius","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.841",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia (southern Bale to northern Sidamo-Borama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF79EEA3",null,null,"Ennia Gallaland. Hartert (1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 391) in effect restricted the type locality by designating a type from Arbadule.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/885/mode/1up","Pycnonotus spurius"],["23586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus layardi","Gurney, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.390-395",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to eastern Tanzania, Zambia, northeastern Botswana, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFB29426",null,null,"Rustenburg, Transvaal.","Additional Notes on the Ornithology of Transvaal. Communicated by John Henry Gurney.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/436/mode/1up","Pycnonotus layardi"],["23587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Pycnonotus barbatus tricolor","(Hartlaub, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.338,341",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon eastward to South Sudan and central Kenya, southward to northern Namibia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Botswana, and northern and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80C8E2EB",null,null,"Angola (restricted to northern Angola, Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64, p. 70).","Notes on Birds collected in Angola in 1861.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/380/mode/1up","Ixos tricolor"],["23588","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Tricholestes","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.5 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Trichophorus minutus [Hartlaub, 1853]; type by original designation and monotypy = Brachypodius criniger Blyth, 1845  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94506#page/285/mode/1up","Tricholestes"],["23589","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Tricholestes criniger","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.577","Hairy-backed Bulbul","Hairy-backed Bulbul","Hairy-backed Bulbul",null,null,"tropical rainforest and swamp forest from far southern Myanmar and Peninsular Thailand southward through Malayan Peninsula to Singapore, Sumatra (including Batu Islands), Lingga and northern Natuna islands, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713161","habbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/habbul1","avibase-260C7E77",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/123/mode/1up","Br[achypodius] ? criniger"],["23590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Tricholestes criniger criniger","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.577",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Tioman Island, and eastern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17CF7D42",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/123/mode/1up","Br[achypodius] ? criniger"],["23591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Tricholestes criniger sericeus","(Blyth, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"western Sumatra, Batu Islands, Lingga Archipelago, and Musala Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31F2E6BC",null,null,"West Sumatra","On a large collection of birds chiefly from West Sumatra, made by Mr. E. Jacobson. With notes by the collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/68/mode/1up","C[riniger] sericea"],["23592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Tricholestes criniger viridis","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-746153FE",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/69/mode/1up","Trichophoropsis viridis"],["23593","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Setornis","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Setornis criniger [Lesson, 1839]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Setornis"],["23594","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Setornis criniger","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167","Hook-billed Bulbul","Hook-billed Bulbul","Hook-billed Bulbul",null,null,"lowland forest of Borneo, eastern Sumatra, and Bangka Island",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713158","hobbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hobbul1","avibase-56478ACE",null,null,"Sumatra","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Setornis criniger"],["23595","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus","Oates, 1889","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ixos phaeocephalus [Hartlaub, 1844]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/283/mode/1up","Alophoixus"],["23596","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus phaeocephalus","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.401","Yellow-bellied Bulbul","Yellow-bellied Bulbul","Yellow-bellied Bulbul",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Mentawai Islands (west of central Sumatra), Bintang, Riau, and Lingga islands (east of central Sumatra), Bangka and Belitung (east of southern Sumatra), Natuna Islands (northwest of Borneo), and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713152","yebbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbul2","avibase-3499C2A5",null,null,"Malacca.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/409/mode/1up","Ixos (Trichixos, Less.) phaeocephalus"],["23597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus phaeocephalus phaeocephalus","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Bangka, Belitung, and North Natuna islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36A5A020",null,null,"Malacca.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/409/mode/1up","Ixos (Trichixos, Less.) phaeocephalus"],["23598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus phaeocephalus connectens","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7F3758E",null,null,"Bettotan, near Sandakan, North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Alophoixus phaeocephalus connectens"],["23599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus phaeocephalus diardi","(Finsch, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.85 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"western Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FD7EE54",null,null,"Pontianak [0°02'S., 109°22'E.], Borneo.","Ueber die Arten und das Genus Criniger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/30/mode/1up","Criniger Diardi"],["23600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus phaeocephalus sulphuratus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"central, eastern, and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2FB2BD3",null,null,"Borneo; type specimen from Banjermasin [lat. 3° 20' S., long. 114° 35' E.], fide Finsch, 1905, Notes Leyden Mus., 26, p. 107.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/414/mode/1up","[Trichophorus] sulphuratus"],["23601","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus frater","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.334","Palawan Bulbul","Gray-throated Bulbul","Palawan Bulbul",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Balabac, Busuanga, Calamianes, and Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821499","gytbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytbul1","avibase-50D0244D",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/456/mode/1up","Criniger frater"],["23602","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus tephrogenys","(Jardine & Selby, 1833)","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.9 pl.127, with text","Grey-cheeked Bulbul","Gray-cheeked Bulbul","Grey-cheeked Bulbul",null,null,"humid to mixed deciduous forest, tidal swamps, and adjacent open areas in lowlands and hills from far southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) and Peninsular Thailand southward to the southern Malayan peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821318","gycbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycbul2","avibase-CA0141A1",null,null,"though we are uncertain of its locality, we suspect it to be India; type locality corrected to Malacca, by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 558.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/277/mode/1up","Trichophorus tephrogenys"],["23603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus tephrogenys tephrogenys","(Jardine & Selby, 1833)","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.9 pl.127, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, and lowlands of eastern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CA534B2",null,null,"though we are uncertain of its locality, we suspect it to be India; type locality corrected to Malacca, by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 558.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/277/mode/1up","Trichophorus tephrogenys"],["23604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus tephrogenys gutturalis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDC6A24F",null,null,"Borneo; type specimen from Banjermasin [lat. 3° 20' S., long. 114° 35' E.], fide Finsch, 1905, Notes Leyden Mus., 26, p. 105.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/414/mode/1up","T[richophorus] gutturalis"],["23605","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus bres","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.255","Brown-cheeked Bulbul","Brown-cheeked Bulbul","Brown-cheeked Bulbul",null,null,"Java and Bali",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821243","gycbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycbul3","avibase-AE002A11",null,null,"Java ; type locality restricted to Bogor [6°36'S., 106°48'E.], by Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134, no. 2, p. 8.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA255","Lanius Bres"],["23606","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ruficrissus","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.248","Penan Bulbul","Penan Bulbul","Chestnut-vented Bulbul",null,null,"montane Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821125","ochbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ochbul3","avibase-8668C778",null,null,"Kina Balu [6°05'N., 116°30'E], North Borneo.","On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain, in North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/334/mode/1up","Criniger ruficrissus"],["23607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ruficrissus meratusensis","Shakya, Irham, Brady et al., 2020","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127 367-375",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Borneo (Meratus Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B39EC766",null,null,"Indonesia, Kalimantan Selatan Province, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, summit trail to Mt. Besar, 2.7249 S 115.5863 E, 1150 m asl; habitat moderately disturbed montane forest; collected 8 May 2017;","Observations on the relationships of some Sundaic passerine taxa (Aves: Passeriformes) previously unavailable for molecular phylogenetic study","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340130207","Alophoixus ruficrissus meratusensis"],["23608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ruficrissus fowleri","(Amadon & Harrisson, 1957)","The Sarawak Museum Journal 7 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"montane areas of northern Borneo (except for Sabah)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1102744",null,null,"Bario, Kelabit Plateau, Sarawak.","A new Bulbul from the Kelabit Uplands.",null,"Criniger ochraceus fowleri"],["23609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ruficrissus ruficrissus","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5AFE4A7",null,null,"Kina Balu [6°05'N., 116°30'E], North Borneo.","On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain, in North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/334/mode/1up","Criniger ruficrissus"],["23610","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus flaveolus","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.6","White-throated Bulbul","White-throated Bulbul","White-throated Bulbul",null,null,"foothill understory of evergreen forest from Nepal eastward to south-central China, and southward to Myanmar and western Thailand; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713140","whtbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtbul1","avibase-31754E31",null,null,"Himalayan Mountains, Nepal, etc. ; type locality restricted to Nepal, by Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl., no. 1, p. 10.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/18/mode/1up","Trichophorus flaveolus"],["23611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus flaveolus flaveolus","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Nepal to northeastern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6078DEC",null,null,"Himalayan Mountains, Nepal, etc. ; type locality restricted to Nepal, by Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl., no. 1, p. 10.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/18/mode/1up","Trichophorus flaveolus"],["23612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus flaveolus burmanicus","(Oates, 1889)","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.255, p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (western Yunnan) to southeastern Myanmar to western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A6E6C26",null,null,"'Toungngoo; the Karen hills; Karennee; Tenasserim, as far south as Meetan at the base of Muleyit mountain, and throughout the Thoungyeen valley' ; type locality commonly restricted to Toungoo District, Pegu Division, Lower Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/280/mode/1up","Criniger burmanicus"],["23613","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ochraceus","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.252","Ochraceous Bulbul","Ochraceous Bulbul","Ochraceous Bulbul",null,null,"humid forest in southern Myanmar (Tenasserim), southern Thailand, southern Cambodia, and southern Vietnam, southward through the Malayan Peninsula to Singapore and satellite islands, and western Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821072","ochbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ochbul2","avibase-2BC35886",null,null,"Tenasserim; type locality restricted to Mergui Town [12°26'N, 98° 36'E], by Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134, no. 2, p. 5.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/288/mode/1up","Criniger ochraceus"],["23614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ochraceus hallae","(Deignan, 1956)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.2 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2291F922",null,null,"Tay Ninh [lat. 11° 18' N., long. 106° 0r E.], Cochin China.","The Asiatic species of birds of the genus Criniger (Pycnonotidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/39/mode/1up","Criniger ochraceus hallae"],["23615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ochraceus cambodianus","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia (Chaine de l'Éléphant)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-971D626E",null,null,"Le Boc Kor [10°37'N, 104° 03' E], Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/170/mode/1up","Criniger gutturalis cambodianus"],["23616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ochraceus ochraceus","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19802D99",null,null,"Tenasserim; type locality restricted to Mergui Town [12°26'N, 98° 36'E], by Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134, no. 2, p. 5.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/288/mode/1up","Criniger ochraceus"],["23617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ochraceus sordidus","(Richmond, 1900)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1201 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula and Mergui Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024A92B5",null,null,"Khao Soi Dao [lat. 7° 20' N., long. 99° 50' E.], Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/370/mode/1up","Criniger sordidus"],["23618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ochraceus sacculatus","(Robinson, 1915)","Ibis ser.10, vol.3, no.4 p.746-747",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Malaya (northern Perak to Negri Sembilan and Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D84B9070",null,null,"Ginting Bidei [lat. 3° 18' N., long. 101° 50' E.], Selangor, Malaya.","On Birds collected by mr. C. Boden Kloss, F.R.G.S., M.B.O.U., on the Coast and Islands of South-eastern Siam. With Field-Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35484#page/808/mode/1up","Criniger ochraceus sacculatus"],["23619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus ochraceus sumatranus","(Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1882)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.10, no.60 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD982CA0",null,null,"Mount Sago [ca. 70 miles northeast of Padang, which lies at lat. 0° 58' S., long. 100° 21' E.], Sumatra.","XLVII. Descriptions of two new Species of Birds from Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208901#page/481/mode/1up","Criniger sumatranus"],["23620","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.252","Puff-throated Bulbul","Puff-throated Bulbul",null,"2025-0751","Taxon <em>griseiceps </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Alophoixus pallidus</em>, as the evidentiary basis for a split based on plumage differences is considered weak. Supporting information from vocalizations and genetics is needed.","lowland and foothill wooded habitat, from forest to riparian woodland, from central Myanmar and southern China (including Hainan), and southward through Indochina to southern Myanmar and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,"putbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putbul1","avibase-C916F1C7",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/274/mode/1up","Criniger pallidus"],["23621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus griseiceps","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1, no.6, 1 p.478-479",null,null,null,null,null,"Pegu Yoma Mountains (Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D02FCDDF",null,null,"Pegu Division, Lower Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/506/mode/1up","Criniger griseiceps"],["23622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus robinsoni","(Ticehurst, 1932)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Amherst District of Tenasserim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93C895EF",null,null,"Ye, Amherst District, Tenasserim.","Descriptions of new Indian forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/57/mode/1up","Criniger tephrogenys robinsoni"],["23623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus henrici","(Oustalet, 1896)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2, no.5 p.185-186",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (western Yunnan to southern Guangxi) to northern Thailand and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA27F692",null,null,"between Manhao and Szemao, Yunnan, and at Nam Xong, Ban Moi, and Hat Hoa, Tonkin.","Note sur les Oiseaux recueillis dans le Yun-nan par le Prince Henri d'Orléans, dans le cours de son dernier voyage du Tonkin aux Indes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137047#page/195/mode/1up","Criniger Henrici"],["23624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus pallidus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1FEA879",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/274/mode/1up","Criniger pallidus"],["23625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus isani","(Deignan, 1956)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.2 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern part of eastern plateau of Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89626F60",null,null,"Ban Muang Khai [lat. 17° 30' N., long. 101° 20' E.], Thailand.","The Asiatic species of birds of the genus Criniger (Pycnonotidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/38/mode/1up","Criniger pallidus isani"],["23626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus annamensis","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"central Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B42949F5",null,null,"Lao Bao, Quangtri Province, Annam.","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/60/mode/1up","Criniger tephrogenys annamensis"],["23627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alophoixus pallidus khmerensis","(Deignan, 1956)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.2 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos to Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A96A555D",null,null,"Banteai Srei [lat. 13° 16' N., long. 104° 0r E.], Cambodia.","The Asiatic species of birds of the genus Criniger (Pycnonotidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/38/mode/1up","Criniger pallidus khmerensis"],["23628","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alcurus","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.930",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tricophorus striatus [Blyth]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/446/mode/1up","Alcurus"],["23629","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alcurus striatus","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.184","Striated Bulbul","Striated Bulbul","Striated Bulbul",null,null,"foothill and submontane broadleaf forest, and oak-rhododendron woodland, from central Nepal eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to central Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712607","strbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strbul2","avibase-AF1E4A9B",null,null,"The Himalaya; type specimens from Darjeeling, West Bengal, fide Finn, 1901, List Birds Indian Mus., pt. 1, p. 97.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/218/mode/1up","Tricophorus striatus"],["23630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alcurus striatus striatus","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to southwestern China, Assam, and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32C8FCA7",null,null,"The Himalaya; type specimens from Darjeeling, West Bengal, fide Finn, 1901, List Birds Indian Mus., pt. 1, p. 97.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/218/mode/1up","Tricophorus striatus"],["23631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alcurus striatus arctus","(Ripley, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08BCC346",null,null,"Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/289/mode/1up","Pycnonotus striatus arctus"],["23632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Alcurus striatus paulus","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to southwestern China, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54ED3DA6",null,null,"Loukouchai, southeastern Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/386/mode/1up","Alcurus striatus paulus"],["23633","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Iole olivacea [Blyth, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/576/mode/1up","Iole"],["23634","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole finschii","(Salvadori, 1871)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 6 p.128","Finsch's Bulbul","Finsch's Bulbul","Finsch's Bulbul",null,null,"lowlands of southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713137","finbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/finbul1","avibase-F9E2A503",null,null,"Sarawak.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=_Fx-LsxvzhgC&pg=PA128","Criniger finschii"],["23635","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole palawanensis","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.618","Sulphur-bellied Bulbul","Sulphur-bellied Bulbul","Sulphur-bellied Bulbul",null,null,"mountains of Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713176","subbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subbul1","avibase-4763A554",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/204/mode/1up","Criniger palawanensis"],["23636","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole charlottae","(Finsch, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.85 p.19","Charlotte's Bulbul","Charlotte's Bulbul",null,"2025-0752","Taxon <em>crypta </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Iole charlottae</em> largely on the basis of mitochondrial DNA data (Manawatthana et al. 2017; Jha et al. 2021), supported by vocal differences.","Borneo",null,null,null,"chabul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chabul1","avibase-BD51402C",null,null,"Borneo; type locality restricted to Banjermasin [lat. 3° 20' S., long. 114° 35' E.], by Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 8.","Ueber die Arten und das Genus Criniger","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/31/mode/1up","Criniger Charlottae"],["23637","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole crypta","Oberholser, 1918","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31, no.46 p.197","Buff-vented Bulbul","Buff-vented Bulbul",null,"2025-0752","Taxon <em>crypta </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Iole charlottae</em> largely on the basis of mitochondrial DNA data (Manawatthana et al. 2017; Jha et al. 2021), supported by vocal differences.","Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung, Anambas, and Natuna islands",null,null,null,"buvbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buvbul1","avibase-88FC3084",null,null,"Pulau Jemaja [lat. 2° 55' N., long. 105° 45' E.], Anamba Islands.","Description of a new Iole from the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/241/mode/1up","Iole olivacea crypta"],["23638","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole propinqua","(Oustalet, 1903)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin (4), 5 p.76","Grey-eyed Bulbul","Gray-eyed Bulbul",null,"2025-0763","Although sometimes considered a subspecies of <em>Iole viridescens</em>, taxon <em>myitkyinensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Iole propinqua</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data that included the type material (Manawatthana et al. 2017).","lowland to foothill broadleaf forest, and secondary growth, from southern China and eastern Myanmar southward to Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,"gyebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyebul1","avibase-BD494C66",null,null,"Pa Mou, Laichau Province, Tonkin.","Les oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de l'Annam et du Tonkin (Deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111920#page/92/mode/1up","Criniger propinquus"],["23639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole propinqua aquilonis","(Deignan, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Guangxi) and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D109F0C3",null,null,"Bac Kan [lat. 22° 08' N., long. 105° 50' E.], Tonkin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/202/mode/1up","Microscelis charlottae aquilonis"],["23640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole propinqua propinqua","(Oustalet, 1903)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin (4), 5 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to southwestern China, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D71F7DFD",null,null,"Pa Mou, Laichau Province, Tonkin.","Les oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de l'Annam et du Tonkin (Deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111920#page/92/mode/1up","Criniger propinquus"],["23641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole propinqua simulator","(Deignan, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand to southern Laos, Cambodia, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79D5A19F",null,null,"Ban Hup Bon [lat. 13°05' N., long. 101°05' E.], Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/203/mode/1up","Microscellis charlottae simulator"],["23642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole propinqua innectens","(Deignan, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1D36683",null,null,"Trang Bom [lat. 10° 56' N., long. 107° 00' E.], Cochin China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/204/mode/1up","Microscelis charlottae innectens"],["23643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole propinqua myitkyinensis","(Deignan, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.3",null,null,null,"2025-0763","Although sometimes considered a subspecies of <em>Iole viridescens</em>, taxon <em>myitkyinensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Iole propinqua</em> based on mitochondrial DNA data that included the type material (Manawatthana et al. 2017).","northeastern and eastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB2AF79A",null,null,"Shingaw-Tanga road, Myitkyina District, Kachin State, Upper Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/201/mode/1up","Microscelis viridescens myitkyinensis"],["23644","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole cacharensis","(Deignan, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.3","Cachar Bulbul","Cachar Bulbul",null,"2025-0762","Taxon <em>cacharensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Iole viridescens</em> based on mitochondrial DNA evidence (Manawatthana et al. 2017), supported by vocal differences. A formal bioacoustic analysis and genomic data are needed to confirm species limits in this group.","northeastern India (Assam) and eastern Bangladesh",null,null,null,"cacbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cacbul1","avibase-FDD62B5C",null,null,"Chutla Bhil, Cachar, Assam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/201/mode/1up","Microscelis viridescens cacharensis"],["23645","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole viridescens","Blyth, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.7","Olive Bulbul","Olive Bulbul",null,"2025-0762, 2025-0763","2025-0762)) Taxon <em>cacharensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from Iole <em>viridescens </em>based on mitochondrial DNA evidence (Manawatthana et al. 2017; Jha et al. 2021), supported by vocal differences. A formal bioacoustic analysis and genomic data are needed to confirm species limits in this group. 2025-0763)) Taxon <em>myitkyinensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Iole propinqua </em>based on mitochondrial DNA data that included its type material (Manawatthana et al. 2017).","foothill broadleaf forest from northern Myanmar southward through peninsular Thailand to northernmost Malayasia",null,null,null,"olibul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olibul1","avibase-804922A3",null,null,"Arakan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/25/mode/1up","Iole viridescens"],["23646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole viridescens viridescens","Blyth, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1953F69E",null,null,"Arakan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/25/mode/1up","Iole viridescens"],["23647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole viridescens lekhakuni","(Deignan, 1954)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 44, no.4 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB04797B",null,null,"Ban Hin Laem [14°40'N., 98° 40' E.], Thailand.","Five new races of bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) from southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122838#page/147/mode/1up","Microscelis charlottae lekhakuni"],["23648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Iole viridescens cinnamomeoventris","Stuart Baker, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula (Mergui District and Isthmus of Kra southward at least to Songkhla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8E9626F",null,null,"Tenasserim Town and Bankasun, Mergui District, Tenasserim; type locality restricted to Tenasserim Town, by Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/42/mode/1up","Iole virescens cinnamomeoventris"],["23649","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Acritillas","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.2 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Criniger ictericus [Strickland, 1844]; type by original designation",null,"The avian genus Bleda Bonaparte and some of its allies","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/258/mode/1up","Acritillas"],["23650","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Acritillas indica","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.249","Yellow-browed Bulbul","Yellow-browed Bulbul","Yellow-browed Bulbul",null,null,"woodland and forest and edge, including highly disturbed areas, in the Western Ghats from southern Maharashtra southward to southern Kerala and Tamil Nadu, southern Eastern Ghats, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713173","yebbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbul3","avibase-36D71C61",null,null,"West Coast of the Peninsula of India; type locality here restricted to the Nilgiri District, Madras State.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/273/mode/1up","T[richophorus] Indicus"],["23651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Acritillas indica icterica","(Strickland, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Western Ghats from southern Maharashtra to Belgaum and Goa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9592CB",null,null,"East Indies, error; type locality corrected to Mahabaleshwar, Satara North, Bombay, apud Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 470.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/445/mode/1up","Criniger? ictericus"],["23652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Acritillas indica indica","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India and Sri Lanka (except for southwest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60003AEF",null,null,"West Coast of the Peninsula of India; type locality here restricted to the Nilgiri District, Madras State.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/273/mode/1up","T[richophorus] Indicus"],["23653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Acritillas indica guglielmi","(Ripley, 1946)","Spolia Zeylanica 24 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-166B662D",null,null,"Depedene Estate, Rakwana, Sabaragamuwa Province, Ceylon.",null,null,"Microscelis ictericus guglielmi"],["23654","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hemixos flavala [Blyth, 1845]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/118/mode/1up","Hemixos"],["23655","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos cinereus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.573","Cinereous Bulbul","Cinereous Bulbul",null,"2025-0753","Taxon <em>connectens </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Hemixos cinereus</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a monotypic species based on plumage coloration; supporting information from genetics or bioacoustics is needed for a split to be enacted.","montane Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,"cinbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinbul1","avibase-E0595A29",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/119/mode/1up","I[ole] cinerea"],["23656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos cinereus cinereus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula (northward to southern Surat Thani) and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-822717D8",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/119/mode/1up","I[ole] cinerea"],["23657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos cinereus connectens","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-482275EB",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/503/mode/1up","Hemixus connectens"],["23658","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos castanonotus","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.251 pl.9 fig.1","Chestnut Bulbul","Chestnut Bulbul","Chestnut Bulbul",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and brushy ravines, in southeastern China (including Hainan), and northern Vietnam; may be irruptive in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713204","chebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chebul1","avibase-5BAE0043",null,null,"Tai-ping-sze and near Lingmun, central Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/273/mode/1up","Hemixus castanonotus"],["23659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos castanonotus canipennis","Seebohm, 1890","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890, pt.3, no.24 p.342 pl.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0B6FB29",null,null,"near Foochow, Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91455#page/450/mode/1up","Hemixus canipennis"],["23660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos castanonotus castanonotus","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.251 pl.9 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (Tonkin) and Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B13337B8",null,null,"Tai-ping-sze and near Lingmun, central Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/273/mode/1up","Hemixus castanonotus"],["23661","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos flavala","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.572","Ashy Bulbul","Ashy Bulbul","Ashy Bulbul",null,null,"patchy in foothill pine and broadleaf forest, bamboo, and wooded ravines, from northern India eastward through Himalaya foothills to northern Vietnam and adjacent China, and southward to southern Myanmar and western Cambodia; some downslope movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103822632","ashbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashbul1","avibase-32E65FB3",null,null,"Nepal, ex Hodgson.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/118/mode/1up","H[emixos] flavala"],["23662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos flavala flavala","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Garhwal to Nepal); western Yunnan, and southwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53471550",null,null,"Nepal, ex Hodgson.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/118/mode/1up","H[emixos] flavala"],["23663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos flavala hildebrandi","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 no.6 p.508",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A9FB3A8",null,null,"On the banks of the Yunzalin, Salween District, Tenasserim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/532/mode/1up","Hemixus Hildebrandi"],["23664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos flavala davisoni","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar to southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-378D6DB3",null,null,"On the Taungya road to Myawadi, Amherst District, Tenasserim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/127/mode/1up","Hemixus Davisoni"],["23665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos flavala bourdellei","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Yunnan) to eastern Thailand and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EAC7A98",null,null,"Xieng Khouang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/47/mode/1up","Hemixus flavala bourdellei"],["23666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hemixos flavala remotus","(Deignan, 1957)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Bolaven and Langbian plateaux)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E417722",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/60/mode/1up","Microscelis flavala remotum"],["23667","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.64, vol.2 pl.382 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ixos virescens [Temminck, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/389/mode/1up","Ixos"],["23668","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos leucogrammicus","Müller, 1836","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.352","Cream-striped Bulbul","Cream-striped Bulbul","Cream-striped Bulbul","2025-0761d","Taxon <em>leucogrammicus </em>is provisionally placed in the genus <em>Ixos </em>pending further research. Although available genetic evidence does not provide strong support for its exact placement (Shakya &amp; Sheldon 2017), <em>leucogrammicus </em>was originally placed in <em>Ixos </em>based on morphology and is the treatment followed here. Taxon <em>tympanistrigus </em>is here assigned to <em>Pycnonotus </em>based on phenotypic evidence but further research is needed to determine its exact placement.","highland forest of western Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712610","crsbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crsbul1","avibase-710EBAE8",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA352#v=onepage&f=false","Ixos leucogrammicus"],["23669","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos virescens","Temminck, 1825","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.64, vol.2 pl.382 fig.1","Javan Bulbul","Javan Bulbul","Javan Bulbul","2025-0754","Taxon <em>sumatranus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ixos virescens</em> based on differences in plumage coloration and bioacoustics.","montane forest of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823071","sunbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunbul3","avibase-92BF7060",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/393/mode/1up","Ixos virescens"],["23670","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos sumatranus","(Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1882)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.10, no.60 p.431","Sumatran Bulbul","Sumatran Bulbul","Sumatran Bulbul","2025-0754","Taxon <em>sumatranus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ixos virescens</em> based on differences in plumage coloration and bioacoustics.","montane forest of western Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823086","sunbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunbul1","avibase-5AD8890F",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.","XLVII. Descriptions of two new Species of Birds from Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208901#page/481/mode/1up","Hemixus sumatranus"],["23671","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos malaccensis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.574","Streaked Bulbul","Streaked Bulbul","Streaked Bulbul",null,null,"southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713198","strbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strbul1","avibase-0457ECD3",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/120/mode/1up","H[ypsipetes] malaccensis"],["23672","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.159","Mountain Bulbul","Mountain Bulbul","Mountain Bulbul",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen forest, pine and rhododendron forest, stunted secondary growth, and elfin forest, from northern Indian eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan), and patchy southward to Malayan Peninsula; post-breeding downslope to foothills and plains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713207","moubul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moubul2","avibase-473131CC",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/689/mode/1up","Hypsipetes McClellandii"],["23673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii mcclellandii","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (western Uttar Pradesh to eastern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7DC1541",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/689/mode/1up","Hypsipetes McClellandii"],["23674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii ventralis","Stresemann, 1940","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 24, heft 2 p.153 (in list), 183",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8BAF4D3",null,null,"Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15' N., long. 93° 55' E.], Upper Burma.","Die Vögel des Mount Victoria.",null,"Ixos mcclellandii ventralis"],["23675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii tickelli","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.275-276",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar (Northern Shan State) to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A5BF69D",null,null,"mountainous interior of Tenasserim. Green-backed variety.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/319/mode/1up","Hypsipetes Tickelli"],["23676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii similis","(Rothschild, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Kachin) to southwestern China (Yunnan) and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C41FE5DB",null,null,"Shweli-Salween Divide, western Yunnan.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/67/mode/1up","Iole maclellandi similis"],["23677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii holtii","(Swinhoe, 1861)","Ibis ser.1, vol.3 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Sichuan to Fujian and Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5A13CDE",null,null,"Pehling Hills, near Foochow, Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/302/mode/1up","Hypsipetes holtii"],["23678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii loquax","Deignan, 1940","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 99, no.18 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Thailand to southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DB0D6D0",null,null,"Doi Phu Kha [lat. 19° 05' N., long. 101° 05' E.], Thailand. Brown-backed variety.","Two new races of Passerine Birds from Thailand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86921#page/656/mode/1up","Ixos mcclellandii loquax"],["23679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii griseiventer","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.568-569",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1B88877",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/666/mode/1up","Hemixus tickelli griseiventer"],["23680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii canescens","Riley, 1933","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 46, no.32 p.155-156",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand (Khao Kuap region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4468C01A",null,null,"Khao Kuap [lat. 12° 25' N., long. 102° 50' E.], Thailand.","Descriptions of two new birds from southeastern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107515#page/177/mode/1up","Ixos canescens"],["23681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Ixos mcclellandii peracensis","(Hartert & Butler, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.506",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E22280F",null,null,"Gunong Ijau, Perak, Malay Peninsula","A few notes on birds from Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/528/mode/1up","Iole tickelli peracensis"],["23682","genus","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hypsipetes psaroides [Vigors, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,"Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/57/mode/1up","Hypsipetes"],["23683","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes nicobariensis","Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.257","Nicobar Bulbul","Nicobar Bulbul","Nicobar Bulbul","2025-0761e","Taxon <em>nicobariensis </em>is placed in the genus <em>Hypsipetes </em>based on Goyal et al. (2024), who sampled nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and revealed a relationship in which <em>nicobariensis </em>forms a monophyletic clade with other members of <em>Hypsipetes</em>.","forest of Nicobar Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713250","nicbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicbul2","avibase-0D2A9574",null,null,"Nicobars [=Nicobar Islands.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/293/mode/1up","Hypsipetes nicobariensis"],["23684","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.84, vol.2 pl.497","Brown-eared Bulbul","Brown-eared Bulbul","Brown-eared Bulbul",null,null,"Japan to far northern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713192","brebul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brebul1","avibase-59BEAB80",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/367/mode/1up","Turdus amaurotis"],["23685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis amaurotis","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.84, vol.2 pl.497",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Sakhalin Island, Japan, and South Korea; winters to eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-146133E8",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/367/mode/1up","Turdus amaurotis"],["23686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis matchiae","(Momiyama, 1923)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 35 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunctly, Osumi Islands (Tanegashima, and Yakushima) and southern Izu Islands (Hachijo-jima; southeastern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E1AE74",null,null,"Hachijo, Izu Islands [in Japanese].","Descriptions of ten new subspecies from the Seven Islands, Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/218/mode/1up","Microscelis amaurotis matchie"],["23687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis ogawae","Hartert, 1907","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ryukyu Islands (Tokara Islands, Amami Ōshima, and Tokuno-Shima, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5AB47F6",null,null,"Amami-Oshima, Northern Ryukyu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/545/mode/1up","Hypsipetes amaurotis ogawae"],["23688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis pryeri","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.597 p.642",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ryukyu Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F512A13",null,null,"Naha, Okinawa, Middle Ryukyu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/656/mode/1up","Hypsipetes pryeri"],["23689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis stejnegeri","Hartert, 1907","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"Yaeyama Islands (Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Yonaguni, southern Ryukyu Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFB40BC0",null,null,"Ishigaki, Southern Ryukyu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/544/mode/1up","Hypsipetes amaurotis stejnegeri"],["23690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis squamiceps","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1[\"1831\"] livr.3 p.241 pl.[16]",null,null,null,null,null,"Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (Mukojima, Chichijima, and Hahajima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A20C95EA",null,null,"Bonin Islands.",null,null,"Oriolus squamiceps"],["23691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis magnirostris","Hartert, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Iwo (Volcano) Islands (Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAC072CD",null,null,"'San Dionisio' = Minami-iwo-jima, Volcano Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/656/mode/1up","Hypsipetes amaurotis magnirostris"],["23692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis borodinonis","(Kuroda, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Daito Islands (Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A9BA89C",null,null,"Minami-Daitojima, Borodino Islands.","Description of new forms from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/528/mode/1up","Microscelis amaurotis borodinonis"],["23693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis nagamichii","Deignan, 1960","Check-list of birds of the world 9 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Taiwan including Lan-yü Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDB5680F",null,null,"Botel Tobago",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50585#page/310/mode/1up","Hypsipetes amaurotis nagamichii"],["23694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis batanensis","Mearns, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Philippines (Babuyan Claro, Batan, Ivujos, and Sabtang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-534100CD",null,null,"Batan Island, Luzon Strait.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/483/mode/1up","Hypsipetes batanensis"],["23695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis fugensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Philippines (Calayan, Fuga, and Dalupiri)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71FE8FF3",null,null,"Fuga Island, Babuyan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/296/mode/1up","Hypsipetes fugensis"],["23696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes amaurotis camiguinensis","McGregor, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Camiguin Norte (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AF6B1B8",null,null,"Camiguin Island, Babuyan Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/463/mode/1up","Hypsipetes camiguinensis"],["23697","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes thompsoni","(Bingham, 1900)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.7, vol.5, no.28 p.358","White-headed Bulbul","White-headed Bulbul","White-headed Bulbul",null,null,"montane forest of southern Myanmar to northwestern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713253","whhbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhbul1","avibase-A3E5953D",null,null,"Loi San Pa = Taung Palaung [lat. 21° 46' N., long. 96° 55' E.], Southern Shan States.","XLIX. On a new Genus and Species of Bulbul and an apparently new Species of Cyornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55143#page/374/mode/1up","Cerasophila Thompsoni"],["23698","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.829","Black Bulbul","Black Bulbul","Black Bulbul",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf forest, and oak, pine and rhododendron forest, from northeastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan, and southward to southern Myanmar and Indochina; most mainland China populations migrate southward in winter, downslope dispersal post-breeding in Himalayas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823996","blabul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabul1","avibase-B76214D7",null,null,"China; type locality restricted to the Canton district, Kwangtung, ex Sonnerat, apud Mayr, 1942, Journ. f. Orn., 89, p. 379.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/330/mode/1up","[Turdus] leucocephalus"],["23699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus psaroides","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of northern Afghanistan to eastern Assam and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D741345B",null,null,"Himalayas; type locality restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 467.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/57/mode/1up","Hypsipetes Psaroïdes"],["23700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigrescens","Stuart Baker, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEAE2DCF",null,null,"Kalaikhin, near Pondaung Taung [lat. 23° 31' N., long. 94° 36' E.], and Letsegan Rest House [lat. 23° 38' N., long. 94° 36' E.], Upper Burma.","Description of new species of Bulbuls.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/41/mode/1up","Hypsipetes psaroides nigrescens"],["23701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus concolor","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.816",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to southwestern China, eastern Thailand, Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B264B247",null,null,"Tenasserim; type specimen from Moulmein, Amherst District, fide Sclater, 1892, Ibis, p. 77, and Finn, 1901, List Birds Indian Mus., pt. 1, p. 94.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/180/mode/1up","Hypsipetes concolor"],["23702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus ambiens","(Mayr, 1942)","Journal für Ornithologie 89, no.4 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southwestern China (western Yunnan in Ayeyarwady watershed)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E31E06E6",null,null,"Laukkaung-Chipwi track, Myitkyina District, Kachin State, Upper Burma.","Die geographische Variation der Färbungstypen von Microscelis leucocephalus.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905705","Microscelis leucocephalus ambiens"],["23703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus sinensis","(La Touche, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to southwestern China; winters to Thailand and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA423A43",null,null,"Hokow, southeastern Yunnan.","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/275/mode/1up","Haringtonia perniger sinensis"],["23704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus stresemanni","(Mayr, 1942)","Journal für Ornithologie 89, no.4 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Likiang mountains of northwestern Yunnan) to Thailand and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-098DC6F4",null,null,"western slopes of the Likiang Mountains, northwestern Yunnan.","Die geographische Variation der Färbungstypen von Microscelis leucocephalus.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905705","Microscelis leucocephalus stresemanni"],["23705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus leucothorax","(Mayr, 1942)","Journal für Ornithologie 89, no.4 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern China (Sichuan to Shaanxi and Hebei); winters to southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB4608E0",null,null,"Chung-chiang-miao, Szechwan, i.e. Hsikang.","Die geographische Variation der Färbungstypen von Microscelis leucocephalus.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905705","Microscelis leucocephalus leucothorax"],["23706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus leucocephalus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.829",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-702BF003",null,null,"China; type locality restricted to the Canton district, Kwangtung, ex Sonnerat, apud Mayr, 1942, Journ. f. Orn., 89, p. 379.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/330/mode/1up","[Turdus] leucocephalus"],["23707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigerrimus","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82ACD5A9",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/336/mode/1up","Hypsipetes nigerrima"],["23708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes leucocephalus perniger","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.251, pl. IX, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2F6372F",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/273/mode/1up","Hypsipetes perniger"],["23709","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes borbonicus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.41","Reunion Bulbul","Reunion Bulbul","Reunion Bulbul",null,null,"evergreen forest of Réunion (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713231","reubul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reubul1","avibase-E55C03F8",null,null,"Isle of Bourbon = La Reunion, ex Brisson. Based on the Merula Borbonica of Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, 2, p. 293, pl. 24, fig. 3.","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[57],%22panX%22:0.476,%22panY%22:0.973,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.445}","[Turdus] Borbonicus"],["23710","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes olivaceus","Jardine & Selby, 1837","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.1 text to pl.2","Mauritius Bulbul","Mauritius Bulbul","Mauritius Bulbul",null,null,"upland mostly native forest of Mauritius (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713239","maubul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maubul1","avibase-650CC5B3",null,null,"in a lot of birds from Cape of Good Hope, New Holland and Mauritius",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/25/mode/1up","H[ypsipetes] olivacea"],["23711","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes madagascariensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.139","Malagasy Bulbul","Malagasy Bulbul","Malagasy Bulbul",null,null,"Comoros, Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles), Madagascar, and some satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713213","madbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madbul1","avibase-5089E131",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/159/mode/1up","Turdus Madagascariensis"],["23712","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes madagascariensis madagascariensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0968B033",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/159/mode/1up","Turdus Madagascariensis"],["23713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes madagascariensis grotei","(Friedmann, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.26 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"Îles Glorieuses (Indian Ocean, between Aldabra and Madagascar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98122035",null,null,"Île Glorieuse, Gloriosa Islands.","The Gloriosa race of Ixocincla madagascariensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/252/mode/1up","Ixocincla madagascariensis grotei"],["23714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes madagascariensis rostratus","(Ridgway, 1893)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.953 p.597",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABA6ACDC",null,null,"Aldabra Island [lat. 9° 25' S., long. 46° 20' E.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/753/mode/1up","Ixocincla madagascariensis rostrata"],["23715","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes ganeesa","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.86","Square-tailed Bulbul","Square-tailed Bulbul","Square-tailed Bulbul",null,null,"open forest and woodland in the Western Ghats of India from northern Maharashtra southward to southernmost Kerala and southwestern Tamil Nadu, and Shevaroy Hills in southern Eastern Ghats, and in the wet zone of central and southern Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103824080","sqtbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sqtbul1","avibase-4E74E6CC",null,null,"dense woods of the Ghats = Mahabaleshwar, Satara North, Bombay, fide Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, no. 4, p. 753.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/290/mode/1up","Hypsipetes Ganeesa"],["23716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes ganeesa humii","(Whistler & Kinnear, 1932)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35, no.4 p.754",null,null,null,null,null,"wet zone of central and southern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-988D9230",null,null,"Ceylon.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part II.","https://ia800309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalofbomb35341932bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalofbomb35341932bomb&server=ia800309.us.archive.org&page=n411_w469","Microscelis psaroides humii"],["23717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes ganeesa ganeesa","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C8D5D96",null,null,"dense woods of the Ghats = Mahabaleshwar, Satara North, Bombay, fide Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, no. 4, p. 753.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/290/mode/1up","Hypsipetes Ganeesa"],["23718","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes crassirostris","Newton, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.344,note","Seychelles Bulbul","Seychelles Bulbul","Seychelles Bulbul",null,null,"Seychelles (Mahé, Praslin, and Félicité)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713219","seybul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seybul1","avibase-5E2E4545",null,null,"Mahe, Seychelle Islands.","On the Land-Birds of the Seychelles Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/372/mode/1up","Hypsipetes crassirostris"],["23719","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes parvirostris","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.222","Grande Comore Bulbul","Grande Comore Bulbul","Grande Comore Bulbul",null,null,"Comoros (highlands of Grand Comoro)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823897","combul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combul1","avibase-105A8F99",null,null,"Grande-Comore, Comoro Islands.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/228/mode/1up","Hypsipetes parvirostris"],["23720","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes moheliensis","(Benson, 1960)","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.68","Moheli Bulbul","Moheli Bulbul","Moheli Bulbul",null,null,"highlands of Mohéli (Comoros)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823979","mohbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mohbul1","avibase-0A2ACE45",null,null,"Bandamale, Moheli, Comoro Islands, 500 m, 21 September 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands: results of the British Ornithologists' Union centenary expedition.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Microscelis crassirostris moheliensis"],["23721","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes philippinus","(Forster, 1795)","Faunula Indica, id est catalogus animalium Indiae Orientalis quae hactenus naturae curiosis innotuerunt. 2nd ed. p.8","Philippine Bulbul","Philippine Bulbul",null,"2025-0755","Taxa <em>mindorensis </em>and <em>guimarasensis </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Hypsipetes philippinus</em> based on vocalizations and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Oliveros &amp; Moyle 2010; Silva-Iturriza et al. 2010; Campbell 2013). Formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","northern, central, eastern, and southern Philippines",null,null,null,"phibul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phibul1","avibase-6298D46A",null,null,"? Philippine Islands, ex Latham, ex Sonnerat; type locality here restricted to Luzon. Based on Latham, 1783, Gen. Synops. Birds, 2, pt. 1, Thrush, no. 37.","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=M4JDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false","[Turdus] philippinus"],["23722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes philippinus parkesi","du Pont, 1980","Nemouria no.24 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Burias Island (central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B12D7AA3",null,null,"Barrio Pinamosignan, San Pascual, Burias, Philippines Islands, 20-100 feet.","Notes on Philippine birds (No. 5). Birds of Burias.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173022#page/65/mode/1up","Hypsipetes philippinus parkesi"],["23723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes philippinus philippinus","(Forster, 1795)","Faunula Indica, id est catalogus animalium Indiae Orientalis quae hactenus naturae curiosis innotuerunt. 2nd ed. p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon, Marinduque, Catanduanes, Polillo, and adjacent small islands (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA1EA7CD",null,null,"? Philippine Islands, ex Latham, ex Sonnerat; type locality here restricted to Luzon. Based on Latham, 1783, Gen. Synops. Birds, 2, pt. 1, Thrush, no. 37.","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=M4JDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false","[Turdus] philippinus"],["23724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes philippinus saturatior","(Hartert, 1916)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Samar, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, and Mindanao and adjacent small islands (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D54D2C34",null,null,"Davao, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/264/mode/1up","Iole philippensis saturatior"],["23725","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes mindorensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.19","Mindoro Bulbul","Mindoro Bulbul",null,"2025-0755","Taxa <em>mindorensis </em>and <em>guimarasensis </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Hypsipetes philippinus</em> based on vocalizations and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Oliveros &amp; Moyle 2010; Silva-Iturriza et al. 2010; Campbell 2013). Formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","Philippines (Mindoro and Semirara)",null,null,null,"minbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minbul1","avibase-B827CE64",null,null,"Mindoro, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/23/mode/1up","Iole Mindorensis"],["23726","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes siquijorensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.19","Streak-breasted Bulbul","Streak-breasted Bulbul","Streak-breasted Bulbul",null,null,"Tablas, Romblon, Cebu, and Siquijor (north-central and central Philippines)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713185","stbbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbbul1","avibase-CE85FAB6",null,null,"Siquijor, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/23/mode/1up","Iole Siquijorensis"],["23727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes siquijorensis cinereiceps","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Romblon and Tablas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71472313",null,null,"Tablas and Romblon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/29/mode/1up","Iole cinereiceps"],["23728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes siquijorensis monticola","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Cebu (Philippines); very rare, perhaps near extinction",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B4664E8",null,null,"Cebu, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/29/mode/1up","Iole monticola"],["23729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes siquijorensis siquijorensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Siquijor (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-047F91C8",null,null,"Siquijor, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/23/mode/1up","Iole Siquijorensis"],["23730","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes guimarasensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.19","Visayan Bulbul","Visayan Bulbul",null,"2025-0755","Taxa <em>mindorensis </em>and <em>guimarasensis </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Hypsipetes philippinus</em> based on vocalizations and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Oliveros &amp; Moyle 2010; Silva-Iturriza et al. 2010; Campbell 2013). Formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","central Philippines (Guimaras, Masbate, Panay, Negros, Ticao, and Verde)",null,null,null,"visbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/visbul1","avibase-DD7A7E32",null,null,"Panay, Guimaras, and Negros, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/23/mode/1up","Iole Guimarasensis"],["23731","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes rufigularis","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.335","Zamboanga Bulbul","Zamboanga Bulbul","Zamboanga Bulbul",null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan and Zamboanga Peninsula of western Mindanao)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713182","zambul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zambul1","avibase-BFD69DF2",null,null,"Malamaui Islet and Isabela, Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/457/mode/1up","Hypsipetes rufigularis"],["23732","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes catarmanensis","Rand & Rabor, 1969","Fieldiana Zoology 51 no.13 p.160","Camiguin Bulbul","Camiguin Bulbul","Camiguin Bulbul","2025-0756","Taxon <em>catarmanensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Hypsipetes everetti</em> based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and size, supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Oliveros &amp; Moyle 2010). Although <em>H. e. haynaldi</em> is sometimes treated as specifically distinct based on differences in plumage and size, further research is needed before implementing this split, including analyses of newly available recordings.","Camiguin Sur (southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823501","yelbul4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelbul4","avibase-24F99A8F",null,null,"Camiguin South Island, Catarman Mt. between 2000 and 4000 ft., Philippines","New birds from Camiguin South, Philippines. --","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20901#page/10/mode/1up","Hypsipetes everetti catarmanensis"],["23733","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes everetti","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.534","Yellowish Bulbul","Yellowish Bulbul",null,"2025-0756","Taxon <em>catarmanensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Hypsipetes everetti</em> based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and size, supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Oliveros &amp; Moyle 2010). Although <em>H. e. haynaldi</em> is sometimes treated as specifically distinct based on differences in plumage and size, further research is needed before implementing this split, including analyses of newly available recordings.","East Visayas, Mindanao group and Sulu Archipelago (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,"yelbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelbul1","avibase-7A35729E",null,null,"Surigao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/548/mode/1up","Criniger Everetti"],["23734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes everetti everetti","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.534",null,null,null,null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group except Zamboanga Pen. and Basilan (east-central and southeastern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A0F54C9",null,null,"Surigao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/548/mode/1up","Criniger Everetti"],["23735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes everetti haynaldi","(Blasius, 1890)","Journal für Ornithologie 38, no.190 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Sibutu, Tawitawi, and Sanga Sanga, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D18AE87D",null,null,"Sulu Islands; type specimen from Jolo, fide Hartert, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29, p. 367.","Die wichtigsten ergebnisse von Dr. Platen's ornithologischen Forschungen auf den Sulu-Inseln","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102239#page/155/mode/1up","Criniger Haynaldi"],["23736","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes affinis","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.313","Seram Golden Bulbul","Seram Golden-Bulbul",null,"2026-078","Hypsipetes flavicaudus is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>H. affinis</em> based on vocalizations and behavioral response to playback experiments (Berryman et al. 2025) supported by minor plumage and morphometric differences (Collar et al. 2013; Berryman et al. 2025).","Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,"sergob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sergob1","avibase-5696CDA8",null,null,"Waru, Ceram, South Moluccas.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/321/mode/1up","Criniger affinis"],["23737","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes flavicaudus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.262","Ambon Golden Bulbul","Ambon Golden-Bulbul",null,"2026-078","Hypsipetes flavicaudus is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>H. affinis</em> based on vocalizations and behavioral response to playback experiments (Berryman et al. 2025) supported by minor plumage and morphometric differences (Collar et al. 2013; Berryman et al. 2025).","Ambon (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,"sergob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sergob2","avibase-FDB1A2B1",null,null,"Amboina, South Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/414/mode/1up","[Trichophorus] flavicaudus"],["23738","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes platenae","(Blasius, 1888)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.9 p.78","Sangihe Golden Bulbul","Sangihe Golden-Bulbul","Sangihe Golden Bulbul","2025-0757","Six monotypic species are recognized within the <em>Hypsipetes longirostris</em> complex based on differences in plumage, size and proportions, and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2010, 2014; Collar et al. 2013): H. <em>longirostris; H. harterti,; H. platenae; H. aureus; H. chloris; </em>and H. <em>lucasi</em>. Genetic data and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative.","Sangihe Islands (off Sulawesi)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103842251","sangob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sangob1","avibase-C4890A33",null,null,"near Manganitu, Great Sangi, Sangi Islands.",null,null,"Criniger Platenae"],["23739","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes aureus","(Walden, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.9, no.53 p.400","Togian Golden Bulbul","Togian Golden-Bulbul","Togian Golden Bulbul","2025-0757","Six monotypic species are recognized within the <em>Hypsipetes longirostris</em> complex based on differences in plumage, size and proportions, and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2010, 2014; Collar et al. 2013): H. <em>longirostris; H. harterti,; H. platenae; H. aureus; H. chloris; </em>and H. <em>lucasi</em>. Genetic data and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative.","Togian Islands (off Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103842202","toggob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/toggob1","avibase-61540F2E",null,null,"Togian Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54555#page/414/mode/1up","Criniger aureus"],["23740","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes harterti","(Stresemann, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.342","Banggai Golden Bulbul","Banggai Golden-Bulbul","Banggai Golden Bulbul","2025-0757","Six monotypic species are recognized within the <em>Hypsipetes longirostris</em> complex based on differences in plumage, size and proportions, and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2010, 2014; Collar et al. 2013): H. <em>longirostris; H. harterti,; H. platenae; H. aureus; H. chloris; </em>and H. <em>lucasi</em>. Genetic data and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative.","Peleng, Banggai, and Labobo, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103842855","sulgob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulgob2","avibase-21FADED4",null,null,"Peleng, Banggai Islands.","Criniger affinis harterti, subsp. n.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/362/mode/1up","Criniger affinis harterti"],["23741","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes longirostris","(Wallace, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.339","Sula Golden Bulbul","Sula Golden-Bulbul","Sula Golden Bulbul","2025-0757","Six monotypic species are recognized within the <em>Hypsipetes longirostris</em> complex based on differences in plumage, size and proportions, and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2010, 2014; Collar et al. 2013): H. <em>longirostris; H. harterti,; H. platenae; H. aureus; H. chloris; </em>and H. <em>lucasi</em>. Genetic data and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative.","Sula Islands (Taliabu, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103842733","sulgob3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulgob3","avibase-CB468573",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/393/mode/1up","Criniger longirostris"],["23742","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes chloris","(Finsch, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.85 p.36","Halmahera Golden Bulbul","Halmahera Golden-Bulbul","Halmahera Golden Bulbul","2025-0757","Six monotypic species are recognized within the <em>Hypsipetes longirostris</em> complex based on differences in plumage, size and proportions, and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2010, 2014; Collar et al. 2013): H. <em>longirostris; H. harterti,; H. platenae; H. aureus; H. chloris; </em>and H. <em>lucasi</em>. Genetic data and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative.","northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Bacan, and Kasiruta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103841956","halgob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/halgob1","avibase-8EA40B11",null,null,"Halmahera, North Moluccas.","Ueber die Arten und das Genus Criniger","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/48/mode/1up","Criniger Chloris"],["23743","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes lucasi","(Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.13","Obi Golden Bulbul","Obi Golden-Bulbul","Obi Golden Bulbul","2025-0757","Six monotypic species are recognized within the <em>Hypsipetes longirostris</em> complex based on differences in plumage, size and proportions, and vocalizations (Rheindt et al. 2010, 2014; Collar et al. 2013): H. <em>longirostris; H. harterti,; H. platenae; H. aureus; H. chloris; </em>and H. <em>lucasi</em>. Genetic data and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative.","Obi (northern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103841328","obigob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obigob1","avibase-9C8EFCC6",null,null,"Obi, North Moluccas.","The Birds of the Obi Group, Central Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/27/mode/1up","Criniger lucasi"],["23744","species","Passeriformes","Pycnonotidae","Bulbuls","Hypsipetes mysticalis","(Wallace, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.28","Buru Golden Bulbul","Buru Golden-Bulbul","Buru Golden Bulbul",null,null,"Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103840832","golbul4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golbul4","avibase-07BCEAC0",null,null,"Buru, South Moluccas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/62/mode/1up","Criniger mystacalis"],["23745","family","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylviidae",null,null,"Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylviid Warblers and Allies","Old World Warblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"sylvii1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sylvii1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["23746","genus","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia","Scopoli, 1769","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.154",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla atricapilla [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1828, Amer. Ornith., 2, p. 17).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/158/mode/1up","Sylvia"],["23747","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia borin","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.35","Garden Warbler","Garden Warbler","Garden Warbler",null,null,"lowland to submontane understory in woodland and riparian forest, scrub, and willow thickets, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to central Siberia, and southward to Iberia, Caucasus, and northern Kazakhstan; migrates to sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716906","garwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/garwar1","avibase-A6A4FC63",null,null,"France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/57/mode/1up","Motacilla Borin"],["23748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia borin borin","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles to Scandinavia, southern Urals, and Caucasus; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34740DF4",null,null,"France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/57/mode/1up","Motacilla Borin"],["23749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia borin woodwardi","(Sharpe, 1877)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.311, pl. XIV",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern European Russia and western Siberia; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-223733B4",null,null,"Berea Hills, near Durban, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/329/mode/1up","Bradyornis woodwardi"],["23750","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia atricapilla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187","Eurasian Blackcap","Eurasian Blackcap","Eurasian Blackcap",null,null,"lowland to montane deciduous or mixed forest, laurel forest, parks, and gardens, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to southwestern Siberia, and southward to Atlantic islands (Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Cabo Verde), northwestern Africa, Caucasus, and patchy in Middle East; northern populations migrate to sub-Saharan western and easterb Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716901","blackc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blackc1","avibase-61F9065B",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1909, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 583.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla Atricapilla"],["23751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia atricapilla gularis","Alexander, 1898","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.13 p.81-82",null,null,null,null,null,"Azores and Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52461926",null,null,"Cape Verde Islands.","An Ornithological Expedition to the Cape Verde Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/123/mode/1up","Sylvia atricapilla gularis"],["23752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia atricapilla heineken","(Jardine, 1830)","The Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science 1, no.4 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Spain, Portugal, Madeira, and Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10D7380F",null,null,"Madeira.",null,"https://archive.org/details/edinburghjournal1182unse/page/243/mode/1up","Curruca Heineken"],["23753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia atricapilla pauluccii","Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1902","Avicula: Giornale Ornitologico Italiano 6 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica, Sardinia, Balearic Islands, Tunisia, Italy, and Sicily",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38CE1B62",null,null,"Sardinia.","Nota sopre alcune nuove sottospecie osservate negli Uccelli di Sardegna.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=NyNHAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA103#v=onepage","Sylvia atricapilla Pauluccii"],["23754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia atricapilla atricapilla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe to western Siberia and northwestern Africa; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85A0B4F3",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1909, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 583.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla Atricapilla"],["23755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia atricapilla dammholzi","Stresemann, 1928","Journal für Ornithologie 76, no.2 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northern Iran; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9065B329",null,null,"forest south of Kuramabad, Gilan, northern Iran; altitude 400-800 meters.","Systematischer Teil Die Brutvögel des Gebietes","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01940685","Sylvia atricapilla dammholzi"],["23756","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia dohrni","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.326 pl.34","Dohrn's Warbler","Dohrn's Thrush-Babbler","Dohrn's Warbler",null,null,"Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709604","dohthb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dohthb1","avibase-1D1BD2CA",null,null,"Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea.","Synopsis of the Birds of Ilha do Principe, with some Remarks on their Habits and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/416/mode/1up","Cuphopterus dohrni"],["23757","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia galinieri","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.162","Abyssinian Catbird","Abyssinian Catbird","Abyssinian Catbird",null,null,"montane dense thickets in juniper woodland, giant heather, highland bamboo, and well-wooded gardens in highlands of western and central Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716682","abycat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abycat1","avibase-B1400E68",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Oiseaux nouveaux d'Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/170/mode/1up","Parisoma Galinieri"],["23758","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia nigricapillus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.256","Bush Blackcap","Bush Blackcap","Bush Blackcap",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest on slopes and ravines, forest edge, and adjacent scrub, in eastern and southern South Africa and adjacent Eswatini and Lesotho; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716650","busbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/busbla1","avibase-015542ED",null,null,"the south of Africa; restricted to the forests of Bruintjes Hoogte, near Somerset East, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/274/mode/1up","Turdus nigricapillus"],["23759","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia atriceps","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.10","Rwenzori Hill Babbler","Rwenzori Hill Babbler","Rwenzori Hill-babbler",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane forest, bamboo thickets, dense secondary growth, and plantations, in southeastern Nigeria and western and central Cameroon, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103872756","afhbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afhbab3","avibase-A0855E30",null,null,"Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/380/mode/1up","Turdinus atriceps"],["23760","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia abyssinica","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel lief 13 p.108 pl.40 fig.2","African Hill Babbler","African Hill Babbler","African Hill-babbler",null,null,"patchy in montane forest understory in western Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and northern and western Angola, and from central Ethiopia and southern South Sudan southward through eastern Uganda and western Kenya, to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103872581","afhbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afhbab1","avibase-7C3026CC",null,null,"Simen Mountains, Begemdir Province, northern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/188/mode/1up","Drymophila abyssinica"],["23761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia abyssinica monachus","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81FBA158",null,null,"Reichenow, 1892 (Apr.), Journ. f. Orn., 40, pp. 193, 220  Buea, British Cameroons.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/207/mode/1up","Turdinus monachus"],["23762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia abyssinica claudei","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37CC4DB6",null,null,"Mount Santa Isabel, 10,800 ft., Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/406/mode/1up","Lioptilus claudei"],["23763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia abyssinica ansorgei","(Rothschild, 1918)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14AD8767",null,null,"Mucuio (Kuvali river), [lat. 13° 28' S., long. 14° 44' E.], Angola.","Exhibition and description of a new form of Lioptilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/104/mode/1up","Lioptilus abyssinicus ansorgei"],["23764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia abyssinica stierlingi","(Reichenow, 1898)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7620AE0",null,null,"Iringa [lat. 7° 4r S., long. 35° 42' E.], Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/96/mode/1up","Turdinus stierlingi"],["23765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia abyssinica stictigula","(Shelley, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-317AB896",null,null,"Mwenembe, Nyasaland.","On six new birds from Nyasa-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/435/mode/1up","Alcippe stictigula"],["23766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Sylvia abyssinica abyssinica","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel lief 13 p.108 pl.40 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and central Ethiopia to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A156C3C",null,null,"Simen Mountains, Begemdir Province, northern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/188/mode/1up","Drymophila abyssinica"],["23767","genus","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca","Bechstein, 1802","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) p.165",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla curruca [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/205/mode/1up","Curruca"],["23768","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca nisoria","(Bechstein, 1792)","Kurzgefasste gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes für Schulen und häuslichen Unterricht 1 p.537,note","Barred Warbler","Barred Warbler","Barred Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, thorn scrub, riverine thickets, and parks, from central Europe eastward to northwestern Mongolia and northwestern China, and southward to Türkiye, northern Iran, and northern Afghanistan; migrates to eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716937","barwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barwar1","avibase-1EA60B94",null,null,"Thüringia [central and northern Germany]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83284#page/565/mode/1up","Motacilla nisoria"],["23769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca nisoria nisoria","(Bechstein, 1792)","Kurzgefasste gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes für Schulen und häuslichen Unterricht 1 p.537,note",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Scandinavia and Europe to Ural Mountains; winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-061585AB",null,null,"Thüringia [central and northern Germany]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83284#page/565/mode/1up","Motacilla nisoria"],["23770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca nisoria merzbacheri","(Schalow, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Siberia to northern Iran, Afghanistan, and western China; winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44F8D27F",null,null,"Kashka-su, central Tien Shan.","Zwei neue Subspezies aus dem zentralen Tiën-schan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/21/mode/1up","Sylvia nisoria merzbacheri"],["23771","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca layardi","(Hartlaub, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.14 p.147","Layard's Warbler","Layard's Warbler","Layard's Warbler",null,null,"lowland to montane arid scrub, and brushy rocky hillsides, from western Namibia southward to South Africa and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716888","laywar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laywar2","avibase-697DE8A6",null,null,"Zwartland (= Swartland), Malmesbury district, Cape Province.","On some new or little-known Birds from the Cape Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/175/mode/1up","Parisoma layardi"],["23772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca layardi aridicola","(Winterbottom, 1958)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78, no.8 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and western and central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E2CE42E",null,null,"Noisabis, Richtersveld, Little Namaqualand, Cape Province.","A New Subspecies of Parisoma layardi Hartlaub.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/194/mode/1up","Parisoma layardi aridicola"],["23773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca layardi barnesi","(Vincent, 1948)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.8 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65DDDB7D",null,null,"Lekhalabaletsi valley, above junction of Lekhalabaletsi and Jareteng Rivers, Basutoland, lat. 29° 17.2' S., long. 29° 24' E.; altitude 8,900 feet.","New Races of a Tit-Babbler and a Lark from the Basutoland Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/185/mode/1up","Parisoma layardi barnesi"],["23774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca layardi subsolana","(Clancey, 1963)","Durban Museum Novitates 6 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central South Africa (Great Karoo and Little Karoo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D54CDEF6",null,null,"Aprilskrall siding, near Molteno, eastern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 20. 3. Notes, mainly systematic, on some birds from the Cape Province.",null,"Parisoma layardi subsolana"],["23775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca layardi layardi","(Hartlaub, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.14 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (southern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F7969BD",null,null,"Zwartland (= Swartland), Malmesbury district, Cape Province.","On some new or little-known Birds from the Cape Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/175/mode/1up","Parisoma layardi"],["23776","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca boehmi","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.209 pl.2 fig.2","Banded Parisoma","Banded Parisoma","Banded Warbler",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry acacia savanna, and wooded grassland, from central Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia southward to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716883","banwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banwar2","avibase-982C918E",null,null,"Seke, Ugogo, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/221/mode/1up","Parisoma Boehmi"],["23777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca boehmi somalica","(Friedmann, 1928)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A72E300",null,null,"Sok Soda, British Somaliland.","Notes on Parisoma böhmi with description of a new race.",null,"Parisoma böhmi somalicum"],["23778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca boehmi marsabit","(Van Someren, 1931)","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 9 (37) (1930) p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ED284A4",null,null,"Laisamis-Marsabit Road, Kenya. Type, in Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, is from Archer's Post, Kenya.","New races of Birds from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204477#page/314/mode/1up","Parisoma böhmi marsabit"],["23779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca boehmi boehmi","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.209 pl.2 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79D45F22",null,null,"Seke, Ugogo, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/221/mode/1up","Parisoma Boehmi"],["23780","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca subcoerulea","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.188","Chestnut-vented Warbler","Chestnut-vented Warbler","Chestnut-vented Warbler",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia woodland, wooded savanna, and arid scrub, from southern Angola eastward to Zimbabwe, and southward to South Africa and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716893","ruvwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvwar2","avibase-C39D67AD",null,null,"Gourits River, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/202/mode/1up","Sylvia subcaerulea"],["23781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca subcoerulea ansorgei","(Zedlitz, 1921)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 29 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AA03303",null,null,"Benguela Town (= Uchi), Angola.","Die Formen von Parisoma subcaeruleum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101436#page/64/mode/1up","Parisoma subcaeruleum ansorgei"],["23782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca subcoerulea cinerascens","(Reichenow, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-185DED74",null,null,"Damaraland. Type from Windhoek, fide Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Ornith. Western South Africa, p. 117.","Neue Vogelarten aus Damaraland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/97/mode/1up","Parisoma subcaeruleum cinerascens"],["23783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca subcoerulea orpheana","(Clancey, 1954)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 74, no.3 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe, eastern South Africa (to eastern Free State and KwaZulu-Natal), and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-748C129C",null,null,"Estcourt-Weenen road, near Estcourt, central Natal; altitude ca. 5,000 feet.","Comments on Geographical Variation in the Tit-Babbler Parisoma subcaeruleum (Vieillot) and the Description of a New Race from the High Interior of Natal, South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125678#page/57/mode/1up","Parisoma subcaeruleum orpheanum"],["23784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca subcoerulea subcoerulea","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Africa, from Northern Cape south of the Orange River, eastward to southwestern Free State",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-726746AE",null,null,"Gourits River, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/202/mode/1up","Sylvia subcaerulea"],["23785","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca curruca","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184","Lesser Whitethroat","Lesser Whitethroat","Lesser Whitethroat","2025-0351","Taxon <em>minula </em>(polytypic, including <em>margelanica</em>) and taxon <em>althaea </em>(monotypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Curruca curruca</em> pending further research. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA (Olsson et al. 2013a), genome-wide DNA data (Abdilzadeh et al. 2023), and stable isotopes (Votier et al. 2016) suggest that this complex should be treated as more than one species, but more comprehensive genomic and vocal analyses are needed to better define species limits.","lowland to submontane open country, forest clearings, brushy scrub, juniper thickets, and hedgerows, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to central Siberia, and southward to central Europe, Levant, Caucasus, northern India, and north-central China; migrates to African Sahel, Ethiopia, Arabian Peninsula, and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734992","leswhi4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leswhi4","avibase-0DCD05BE",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1909, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 588.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla Curruca"],["23786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca curruca minula","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and central Iran east through northern Afghanistan and Tajikistan to western China; winters to the south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-108B1E9F",null,null,"Bahawalpur, Yarkand, Jhansi, and Sind; restricted to Bahawalpur by Stuart Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, Aves, ed. 2, 7, p. 182.","Contributions to the Ornithology of India, Sindh, N° 2.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/220/mode/1up","Sylvia minula"],["23787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca curruca margelanica","(Sztolcman, 1898)","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central China; winter range likely southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86F2FA70",null,null,"Marguelane ( = Margelan), Ferghana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106819#page/90/mode/1up","Sylvia margelanica"],["23788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca curruca curruca","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe eastward to western Russia (approximately to the Ural Mountains), the Caucasus, Türkiye, and western Iran; winters primarily in northeastern Africa, less commonly westward to Senegambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1784E2C1",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1909, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 588.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla Curruca"],["23789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca curruca blythi","(Ticehurst & Whistler, 1933)","Ibis ser.13, vol.3 p.556",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to northern Altai and northern Mongolia; probably winters northeastern Africa, the Middle East, and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40831EE2",null,null,"Cawnpore, India",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1933.tb03350.x","Sylvia curruca blythi"],["23790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca curruca halimodendri","(Sushkin, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Asian steppes, from the lower Ural River and Transcaspia eastward to western Mongolia; winters mainly in southwestern Asia (southeastern Iran to northwestern India), but perhaps also in eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED68D163",null,null,"lower Irgiz and lower Turgay Rivers, Kirgiz Steppe, Kazakhstan.","New birds from Palaearctic Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/524/mode/1up","Sylvia curruca halimodendri"],["23791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca curruca althaea","(Hume, 1878)","Stray Feathers 7 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of eastern Iran to Afghanistan and northern India; winters to southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81522BF5",null,null,"Kashmir.","The Birds of a Drought.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94440#page/84/mode/1up","Sylvia althaea"],["23792","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca buryi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.87","Yemen Warbler","Yemen Warbler","Yemen Warbler",null,null,"acacia scrub of southern Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716864","yemwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yemwar1","avibase-40A82395",null,null,"Menacha (= Manakhah), Yemen; altitude 7,000 feet.","Description and remarks on new species of birds collected by G. W. Bury in Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/115/mode/1up","Parisoma buryi"],["23793","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca lugens","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.113 pl.42 fig.2","Brown Parisoma","Brown Parisoma","Brown Warbler",null,null,"patchy in montane acacia woodland, juniper forest, and bushy savanna, from Eritrea and central Ethiopia southward through southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Kenya, to northeastern Zambia and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716878","brnwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnwar1","avibase-16FEF081",null,null,"labeled Curruca (Sylvia) lugens Semien Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/193/mode/1up","Sylvia (Curruca) lugens"],["23794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca lugens lugens","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.113 pl.42 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C33E2CF8",null,null,"labeled Curruca (Sylvia) lugens Semien Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/193/mode/1up","Sylvia (Curruca) lugens"],["23795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca lugens griseiventris","(Érard, 1978)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 98, no.2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia (Bale Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F3FF696",null,null,"Dinsho (= Gurie), Bale, Ethiopia.","A new race of Parisoma lugens from the highlands of Bale, Ethiopia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/76/mode/1up","Parisoma lugens griseiventris"],["23796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca lugens jacksoni","(Sharpe, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan and Uganda to Kenya, northern Tanzania, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2417791",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","[Description of new species of African birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/60/mode/1up","Parisoma jacksoni"],["23797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca lugens clara","(Meise, 1934)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania (Matengo highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F864A403",null,null,"Mahuka, northwest of Lipumba, Matengo Highlands, Tanganyika; altitude over 1,500 meters.","Neue Formen vom Matengohochland am Njassasee.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0016-0017.pdf","Parisoma lugens clara"],["23798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca lugens prigoginei","(Schouteden, 1952)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 46 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93EBC4D5",null,null,"Lake Lungwe, northwest of Lake Tanganyika, Kivu, Belgian Congo.","Parisoma lugens Prigoginei n. ssp. (Aves).",null,"Parisoma lugens Prigoginei"],["23799","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca leucomelaena","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.cc p.56","Arabian Warbler","Arabian Warbler","Arabian Warbler",null,null,"disjunctly from southeastern Egypt and northeastern Sudan to western and southern Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716949","reswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reswar1","avibase-51DD2ADA",null,null,"Midyan, Saudi Arabia, fide Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 202",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/66/mode/1up","Curruca leucomelaena"],["23800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca leucomelaena leucomelaena","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.cc p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"western Saudi Arabia to western Yemen and Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EC816E0",null,null,"Midyan, Saudi Arabia, fide Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 202",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/66/mode/1up","Curruca leucomelaena"],["23801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca leucomelaena negevensis","(Shirihai, 1988)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108, no.2 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Arava Valley (Israel-Jordan border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71467AF4",null,null,"Hatzeva, 150 km north of Bay of Agaga/Eilat, Israel","A new subspecies of Arabian Warbler Sylvia leucomelaena from Israel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/330/mode/1up","Sylvia leucomelaena negevensis"],["23802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca leucomelaena blanfordi","(Seebohm, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.4 p.979",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea coast of Egypt, northeastern Sudan, and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B46B6B9",null,null,"Rairo, Habab, Abyssinia.","On a new Species of Sylvia from Abyssinia, and on some other Abyssinian Sylvians.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/613/mode/1up","Sylvia blanfordi"],["23803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca leucomelaena somaliensis","(Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1918)","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.4 p.707",null,null,null,null,null,"Djibouti and northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D42B36E6",null,null,"Mundara, Somaliland.","A List of the Birds of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, based on the Collections of Mr. A. L. Butler, Mr. A. Chapman and Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., and Major Cuthbert Christy, R.A.M.C. (T.F.). Part II. Alaudidae - Hirundinidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/799/mode/1up","Parisoma b[lanfordi] somaliensis"],["23804","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca hortensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.955","Western Orphean Warbler","Western Orphean Warbler","Western Orphean Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill open or semi-open woodland, pine forest, brushy scrub, and gardens, from Iberia, France, and Italy southward to Morocco eastward to Libya; migrates to western African Sahel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735012","weowar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weowar2","avibase-95E7E0E5",null,null,"France and Italy; restricted to France by Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1692, p. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/456/mode/1up","Motacilla hortensis"],["23805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca hortensis hortensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.955",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Europe and northern Africa (Morocco eastward to northwestern Libya); winters southern Mauritania to western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-548CBFE8",null,null,"France and Italy; restricted to France by Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1692, p. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/456/mode/1up","Motacilla hortensis"],["23806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca hortensis cyrenaicae","(Svensson, 2012)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 132, no.2 p.79 [75-83]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Libya (Cyrenaica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-686190AD",null,null,"Libyen, Cyrenaica, bei Al Marj (‚Merg'), etwa 85 km NE Benghazi, etwa 18 km von der Küste. Farbfotos von Bälgen und der Schwanzfedermusterung","A new subspecies of Western Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis and criteria for separating Western from Eastern Orphean Warbler S. crassirostris","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229101#page/9/mode/1up","Sylvia hortensis cyrenaicae"],["23807","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca crassirostris","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel [\"1826\"] hft. 4 p.49, pl. 33, fig. a","Eastern Orphean Warbler","Eastern Orphean Warbler","Eastern Orphean Warbler",null,null,"lowland to montane open or semi-open woodland, brushy scrub, maquis, park-like pine forest, and olive groves, from southeastern Europe eastward through Caucasus to eastern Kazakhstan, and southward to Levant, southern Iran, and western Pakistan; winters to eastern African Sahel, Arabian Peninsula, and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734793","eaowar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaowar2","avibase-37015E61",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/275/mode/1up","Sylvia crassirostris"],["23808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca crassirostris crassirostris","(Cretzschmar, 1830)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel [\"1826\"] hft. 4 p.49, pl. 33, fig. a",null,null,null,null,null,"Slovenia and Balkan Peninsula to Transcaucasia, Türkiye, and Levant",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67C91484",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/275/mode/1up","Sylvia crassirostris"],["23809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca crassirostris balchanica","(Zarudny & Bilkevich, 1918)","Izvestiya Turkestanskogo Otdela Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 14 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Transcaspia, Turkmenistan, and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A8035A8",null,null,"Bolshoy Balkhan Mountains, western Transcaspia.","Birds of the Great Balkhan Mountains and their southern approaches.",null,"Sylvia hortensis balchanica"],["23810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca crassirostris jerdoni","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.439,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Baluchistan to Pakistan and northward to Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D46B93BB",null,null,"southern India.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/495/mode/1up","C[urruca] Jerdoni"],["23811","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca nana","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.cc p.56","Asian Desert Warbler","Asian Desert Warbler","Asian Desert Warbler",null,null,"breeds Caspian Sea to Mongolia and western China; winters to northeastern Africa and India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103872996","asdwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asdwar1","avibase-58F3D3E5",null,null,"El Tor, Sinai Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/66/mode/1up","Curruca nana"],["23812","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca deserti","(Loche, 1858)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.394 pl.11 fig.1","African Desert Warbler","African Desert Warbler","African Desert Warbler",null,null,"lowland to submontane sandy desert with sparse grass, steppe scrub, and alluvial flats, from Western Sahara and northern Mauritania northeastward through Morocco and Algeria to southern Tunisia and western Libya; nomadic and partially migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734413","afdwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afdwar1","avibase-D5AEADF4",null,null,"Algerian Sahara.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux découvertes dans le Sahara algérien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/398/mode/1up","Stoparola Deserti"],["23813","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca deserticola","(Tristram, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.58","Tristram's Warbler","Tristram's Warbler","Tristram's Warbler",null,null,"foothill and montane dense juniper maquis, and dry bushy scrub, from Morocco eastward to northwest Algeria and adjacent Tunisia; altitudinal and short-distant migrant in winter to northwestern Africa and central Sahara",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716980","triwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/triwar1","avibase-D1EF4402",null,null,"southern Algerian Sahara.","Characters of apparently new species of Birds collected in the great Desert of the Sahara, southwards of Algeria and Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/80/mode/1up","Sylvia deserticola"],["23814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca deserticola deserticola","(Tristram, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Algeria (Atlas Saharien and Aurès) and adjacent Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DF1EEAC",null,null,"southern Algerian Sahara.","Characters of apparently new species of Birds collected in the great Desert of the Sahara, southwards of Algeria and Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/80/mode/1up","Sylvia deserticola"],["23815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca deserticola maroccana","(Hartert, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco and western Algeria (Haut and Moyen Atlas mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DCEC9C9",null,null,"Seksawa, western Atlas, Morocco.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/32/mode/1up","Sylvia deserticola maroccana"],["23816","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca mystacea","(Ménétries, 1832)","Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.34","Menetries's Warbler","Menetries's Warbler","Menetries's Warbler",null,null,"breeds southwestern Russia and eastern Türkiye southward to the Levant and eastward to southern Kazakhstan and eastern Afghanistan; winters to Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716971","menwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/menwar1","avibase-AA027706",null,null,"Saliane (= Salyany), lower Kura River, Azerbaijan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110503#page/44/mode/1up","Sylvia mystacea"],["23817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca mystacea mystacea","(Ménétries, 1832)","Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Transcaucasia and northeastern Türkiye to lower Volga; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89893875",null,null,"Saliane (= Salyany), lower Kura River, Azerbaijan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110503#page/44/mode/1up","Sylvia mystacea"],["23818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca mystacea rubescens","(Blanford, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.14 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Lebanon and southeastern Türkiye to Iraq and southwestern Iran; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF7A7CA0",null,null,"'in Persia, circum Shiraz et Isfahan.","Notes on the Synonymy of some Indian and Persian Birds, with Descriptions of two new Species from Persia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/103/mode/1up","Sylvia rubescens"],["23819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca mystacea turcmenica","(Zarudny & Bilkevich, 1918)","Izvestiya Zakaspiyskago Muzeya 1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Iran to northern Afghanistan and western Tajikistan; winters northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A73200DB",null,null,"Murgab and Tedzhen Rivers, Turkmeniya.",null,null,"Sylvia mystacea turcmenica"],["23820","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca communis","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.287","Common Whitethroat","Greater Whitethroat","Common Whitethroat",null,null,"lowland to submontane open country with scattered bushes close to grassy patches, steppe, juniper scrub, and plantations, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to southern Siberia and northern Mongolia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Levant, Caucasus, and Turkmenistan; migrates to sub-Saharan Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716910","grewhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grewhi1","avibase-14AFBA82",null,null,"'not uncommon in England,' Latham, 1783, General Synop. Birds, 2, p. 428; restricted to Kent by Clancey, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 393.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/325/mode/1up","Sylvia communis"],["23821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca communis communis","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Europe and Scandinavia to North Africa; winters to northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCE48726",null,null,"'not uncommon in England,' Latham, 1783, General Synop. Birds, 2, p. 428; restricted to Kent by Clancey, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 393.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/325/mode/1up","Sylvia communis"],["23822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca communis volgensis","(Domaniewski, 1915)","Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société des Sciences de Varsovie n.. 8 p.550, 553",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Europe to western Siberia; probably winters tropical Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BE94199",null,null,"Saratov, southeastern Russia.",null,null,"Sylvia communis volgensis"],["23823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca communis icterops","(Ménétries, 1832)","Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Siberia to Iran and Türkiye; winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C86CD92",null,null,"Zouvant, Talyche (= Talish) Mountains, eastern Transcaucasia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110503#page/44/mode/1up","Sylvia icterops"],["23824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca communis rubicola","(Stresemann, 1928)","Journal für Ornithologie 76, no.2 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern China and western Mongolia to Kazakhstan; winters to southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48521459",null,null,"Kuldja (= I-ning), Chinese Turkistan (= Sinkiang).","Systematischer Teil Die Brutvögel des Gebietes","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01940685","Sylvia communis rubicola"],["23825","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca conspicillata","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.210","Spectacled Warbler","Spectacled Warbler","Spectacled Warbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane low scrub, semi-desert, and saltflats, from Iberian Peninsula eastward to Cyprus and Syria, and southward to Atlantic islands (Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde), northwestern Africa, and Levant; some populations migrate to northern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716976","spewar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spewar2","avibase-BFECF5F8",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/338/mode/1up","Sylvia conspicillata"],["23826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca conspicillata conspicillata","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Europe (Portugal and Spain eastward to Italy and Sicily) and northwestern Africa (southward to Mauritania), also Cyprus, southern Türkiye, and the Levant (southern Lebanon, southern Syria, western Jordan, Israel, and the northern Sinai); winters to Senegal and Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD75272E",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/338/mode/1up","Sylvia conspicillata"],["23827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca conspicillata orbitalis","(Wahlberg, 1854)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 11 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F13C219",null,null,"São Vicente, Cape Verde Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54203#page/170/mode/1up","Prinia orbitalis"],["23828","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca sarda","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.204","Marmora's Warbler","Marmora's Warbler","Marmora's Warbler",null,null,"Corsica, Sardinia, Montecristo, Pantelleria, Giannutri, and Zembra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735017","marwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwar1","avibase-6E1206E4",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/332/mode/1up","Sylvia sarda"],["23829","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca balearica","(Jordans, 1913)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 9 p.43","Balearic Warbler","Balearic Warbler","Balearic Warbler",null,null,"Balearic Islands except Menorca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734798","balwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balwar1","avibase-586FA317",null,null,"Dragonera Island, west coast of Mallorca, Balearic Islands.","Vorläufige kurze Beschreibung neuer Formen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/295/mode/1up","Sylvia sarda balearica"],["23830","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca undata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.40","Dartford Warbler","Dartford Warbler","Dartford Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill dense scrub, low maquis, heath, and dense bramble, from southern Britain and France eastward to Italy and Sicily, and southward to Iberia and northwestern Africa; some dispersal to northern edge of Sahara",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716984","darwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darwar1","avibase-85629EF4",null,null,"Provence, France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/62/mode/1up","Motacilla undata"],["23831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca undata dartfordiensis","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"southern England, western France, northwestern Spain, and northern Portugal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7ED3A30A",null,null,"'on Bexley Heath, near Dartford' (Kent), Latham, 1783, General Synop. Birds, 2, p. 435.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103199#page/325/mode/1up","Sylvia dartfordiensis"],["23832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca undata undata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Balearic Islands, and Italy",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50C6F4CA",null,null,"Provence, France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/62/mode/1up","Motacilla undata"],["23833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca undata toni","(Hartert, 1909)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.602",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula, and coastal Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABBC0DC1",null,null,"south of Biskra, northern Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/688/mode/1up","Sylvia undata toni"],["23834","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca ruppeli","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.3 pl.245 fig.1","Rüppell's Warbler","Rüppell's Warbler","Rüppell's Warbler",null,null,"breeds rocky slopes of eastern Mediterranean region; winters in northeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716954","ruewar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruewar1","avibase-A1B09A86",null,null,"Kandia (= Iraklion), Crete.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/305/mode/1up","Sylvia ruppeli"],["23835","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca melanothorax","(Tristram, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.7 p.296","Cyprus Warbler","Cyprus Warbler","Cyprus Warbler",null,null,"breeds arid scrub of Cyprus; winters to Near East and northeastern Egypt",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716963","cypwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cypwar1","avibase-94E23F51",null,null,"En-Gedi, Palestine.","On a new Sylviad from Palestine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/336/mode/1up","Sylvia melanothorax"],["23836","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca melanocephala","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.970","Sardinian Warbler","Sardinian Warbler","Sardinian Warbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory in low dense forest, maquis, dry coastal scrub, olive groves, hedgerows, and gardens, from southern Europe and Mediterranean islands eastward to Türkiye, and southward to Canary Islands, northwestern Africa, and Levant; some populations migrate to northern and northeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716959","sarwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sarwar1","avibase-B0D09483",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/471/mode/1up","Motacilla melanocephala"],["23837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca melanocephala melanocephala","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.970",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Europe to western Türkiye and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8775C989",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/471/mode/1up","Motacilla melanocephala"],["23838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca melanocephala leucogastra","(Ledru, 1810)","Voyage aux îles de Ténériffe, la Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto Ricco (etc.) 1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0910416D",null,null,"Tenerife.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271617#page/238/mode/1up","Motacilla leucogastra"],["23839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca melanocephala valverdei","(Cabot & Urdiales, 2005)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 125 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Morocco and Western Sahara",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D6FDDEB",null,null,"El Atum de Saquiat (27°10’N, 13°12’W), Western Sahara, on 3 May 1955, by J. A. Valverde.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123799#page/573/mode/1up","Sylvia melanocephala valverdei"],["23840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca melanocephala momus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Syria, Israel, Jordan, and Sinai Peninsula; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6689D7E",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/68/mode/1up","Curruca Momus"],["23841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca melanocephala norrisae","(Nicoll, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Egypt (Faiyum region); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1FB61A6",null,null,"Birket Karun (= Qarun), Faiyum, Middle Egypt.","Exhibition and descriptions of two new birds from Egypt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/352/mode/1up","Sylvia norrisae"],["23842","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca subalpina","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.214,pl.6 fig.2","Moltoni's Warbler","Moltoni's Warbler",null,null,null,"western Mediterranean islands, including Balearics, Corsica, and Sardinia",null,null,null,"subwar8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subwar8","avibase-3FC15B06",null,null,"les environs de Turin (cf. Hartert 1, p.596)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/314/mode/1up","Sylvia subalpina"],["23843","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca iberiae","(Svensson, 2013)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 133 p.244 [240-248]","Western Subalpine Warbler","Western Subalpine Warbler",null,"2025-0352","Taxon <em>iberiae </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Curruca cantillans </em>(polytypic) based on consistent patterns of divergence in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Zuccon et al. 2020), and in tail pattern, as well as subtle differences in call and song (Svensson 2013). Further research is warranted, especially formal bioacoustic analyses, and genomic surveys in areas of parapatry.","breeds in the western Mediterranean (Portugal eastward to northwestern Italy) and Morocco eastward to northwestern Libya; winters in the western Sahara, southward to Senegal",null,null,null,"subwar6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subwar6","avibase-62A53820",null,null,"El Pardo, Madrid, Spain, on 24 May 1931 by C. B. Ticehurst","A taxonomic revision of the Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252377#page/82/mode/1up","Sylvia inornata iberiae"],["23844","species","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca cantillans","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.4 no.177","Eastern Subalpine Warbler","Eastern Subalpine Warbler",null,"2025-0352","Taxon <em>iberiae </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Curruca cantillans </em>(polytypic) based on consistent patterns of divergence in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Zuccon et al. 2020), and in tail pattern, as well as subtle differences in call and song (Svensson 2013). Further research is warranted, especially formal bioacoustic analyses, and genomic surveys in areas of parapatry.","lowland to foothill dense maquis with sparse tree cover, scrub oak, and sunny ravines with brambles, from central Italy eastward to western Türkiye, and southward to Sicily and Crete; winters to central and eastern African Sahel",null,null,null,"easwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easwar1","avibase-B13D68B1",null,null,"Italy.",null,null,"Motacilla (cantillans)"],["23845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca cantillans cantillans","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.4 no.177",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Italy (except for Sardinia); winter range not well-defined, presumably in western Sahara and western Sahel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD9ABDA3",null,null,"Italy.",null,null,"Motacilla (cantillans)"],["23846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sylviidae","Sylviid Warblers and allies","Curruca cantillans albistriata","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Italy and the Balkans eastward to western Türkiye; winters in the central and eastern Sahel, eastward to Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CAC8369",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/265/mode/1up","Curruca albistriata"],["23847","family","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornithidae",null,null,"Parrotbills and allies","Parrotbills","Parrotbills and allies","2025-0955","Paradoxornithidae is recognized as a family separate from Sylviidae based on the depth of divergence in multilocus DNA (Cai et al. 2019), supported by biogeography, with Sylviidae centered in the western Palearctic, whereas Paradoxornithidae is centered in the eastern Palearctic.",null,null,null,null,"parado1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parado1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["23848","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Myzornis","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.984",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myzornis pyrrhoura [Blyth, 1843]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/500/mode/1up","Myzornis"],["23849","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Myzornis pyrrhoura","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.984","Fire-tailed Myzornis","Fire-tailed Myzornis","Fire-tailed Myzornis",null,null,"Nepal to southeastern Tibet, southern China (Yunnan), and northeastern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716760","fitmyz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fitmyz1","avibase-4C29F3A8",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/500/mode/1up","Myzornis pyrrhoura"],["23850","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Moupinia","David & Oustalet, 1877","Les oiseaux de la Chine p.219",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alcippe poecilotis [Verreaux, J, 1871]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Moupinia"],["23851","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Moupinia poecilotis","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.35","Rufous-tailed Babbler","Rufous-tailed Babbler","Rufous-tailed Babbler",null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (southeastern Qinghai to northwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716332","rutbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutbab1","avibase-D1A1B007",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; types from Muping [= Paohing, Hsikang, fide Verreaux, 1871].","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/337/mode/1up","Alcippe pæcilotis"],["23852","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus","Oates, 1889","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Proparus chrysotis [Blyth, 1845]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/198/mode/1up","Lioparus"],["23853","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus chrysotis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.938","Golden-breasted Fulvetta","Golden-breasted Fulvetta","Golden-breasted Fulvetta",null,null,"montane dense understory of mixed forest, and bamboo thickets, from central Nepal eastward through Himalayas to central and southeastern China, and southward to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716585","gobful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobful1","avibase-42D184B0",null,null,"no locality = Nepal, ex Hodgson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/484/mode/1up","Pr[oparus] chrysotis"],["23854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus chrysotis chrysotis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.938",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (eastern Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, and eastern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62306A36",null,null,"no locality = Nepal, ex Hodgson.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/484/mode/1up","Pr[oparus] chrysotis"],["23855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus chrysotis albilineatus","Koelz, 1954","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50FAA285",null,null,"Karong, Manipur.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Lioparus chrysotis albilineatus"],["23856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus chrysotis forresti","(Rothschild, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F0C7E72",null,null,"Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Fulvetta from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/102/mode/1up","Fulvetta chrysotis forresti"],["23857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus chrysotis swinhoii","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Shaanxi, central Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan, and northwestern Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4473C2C4",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; types from western Szechwan and Muping [=Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/340/mode/1up","Proparus swinhoii"],["23858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus chrysotis amoenus","(Mayr, 1941)","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D925376A",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104°4rE.],Tongking.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part II.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00596.x","Fulvetta chrysotis amoena"],["23859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Lioparus chrysotis robsoni","(Eames, 2002)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Mount Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-605ADD1E",null,null,"at c. 1,900 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh, 20 March 1998 [Vietnam]","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/152/mode/1up","Alcippe chrysotis robsoni"],["23860","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.134 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Timalia hypoleuca [Franklin, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/219/mode/1up","Chrysomma"],["23861","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma sinense","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1012","Yellow-eyed Babbler","Yellow-eyed Babbler","Yellow-eyed Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill scrub, tall grass, reedbed, bamboo, and cane fields, from eastern Pakistan and India eastward to southeastern China, and southward to Sri Lanka, central Thailand, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716323","yeebab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeebab1","avibase-0C0CEF5B",null,null,"China ; restricted to Kwangtung, by Stresemann and Heinrich, 1940, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24, p. 205.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/513/mode/1up","[Parus] sinensis"],["23862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma sinense nasale","(Legge, 1879)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.3, no.14 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41FB7B60",null,null,"Ceylon.","XIX. On two new Races or Subspecies of Indian Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81199#page/183/mode/1up","Pyctorhis nasalis"],["23863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma sinense hypoleucum","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pakistan to Peninsular India, Bangladesh, and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12175E0D",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares ; restricted to the United Provinces [= Uttar Pradesh], by Ticehurst, 1922, Ibis, p. 543.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/132/mode/1up","Timalia hypoleuca"],["23864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma sinense sinense","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1012",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to southern China and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E148465",null,null,"China ; restricted to Kwangtung, by Stresemann and Heinrich, 1940, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24, p. 205.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/513/mode/1up","[Parus] sinensis"],["23865","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma altirostre","Jerdon, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4 p.22","Jerdon's Babbler","Jerdon's Babbler","Jerdon's Babbler",null,null,"very patchy in lowland tall grassland in riparian floodplains, and on riverine islands, in Pakistan (Indus River), northern India and adjacent Nepal (Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers), and in southern Myanmar (Ayeyarwady River)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716326","jerbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jerbab1","avibase-2095825C",null,null,"'Islands on the Burrampootra river, in Upper Burmah'; type from an island in the Irrawaddy off Thayetmyo, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 513.","Notice of some New Species of Birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/46/mode/1up","Chrysomma altirostre"],["23866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma altirostre altirostre","Jerdon, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Myanmar ( Ayeyarwady-Sittaung grassland); endangered",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BEBC0BC",null,null,"'Islands on the Burrampootra river, in Upper Burmah'; type from an island in the Irrawaddy off Thayetmyo, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 513.","Notice of some New Species of Birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/46/mode/1up","Chrysomma altirostre"],["23867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma altirostre scindicum","(Harington, 1915)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland of far southern Pakistan (Mangrani region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74C075A6",null,null,"Sukkur, West Pakistan; type from Mangrani, between Sukkur and Shikarpur, fide Ticehurst, 1922, Ibis, p. 543.","Notes on the Indian Timeliides and their allies. Part III. Family Timeliidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95912#page/544/mode/1up","Pyctorhis altirostris scindicus"],["23868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chrysomma altirostre griseigulare","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.116-117",null,null,null,null,null,"base of Himalayas (Bhutan to southern Assam and northeastern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CABD2A69",null,null,"Bhutan Duars.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/132/mode/1up","Pyctorhis griseigularis"],["23869","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Rhopophilus","Giglioli & Salvadori, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Drymoeca pekinensis [Swinhoe, 1868]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/209/mode/1up","Rhopophilus"],["23870","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Rhopophilus pekinensis","(Swinhoe, 1868)","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.62","Beijing Babbler","Beijing Babbler","Beijing Hill-warbler",null,null,"central and northeastern China and northern Korean Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879454","beibab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beibab1","avibase-4AEBE232",null,null,"Peking.","Ornithological Notes from Amoy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/86/mode/1up","Drymoeca(?) pekinensis"],["23871","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Rhopophilus albosuperciliaris","(Hume, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.409","Tarim Babbler","Tarim Babbler","Tarim Hill-warbler",null,null,"northwestern China (Xinjiang) from Tarim Basin to Lop Nor",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879474","tarbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tarbab1","avibase-5909DA7E",null,null,"Koshtak, Yarkand plains, Sinkiang.","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/451/mode/1up","Suya albosuperciliaris"],["23872","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta","David & Oustalet, 1877","Les oiseaux de la Chine p.220",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Siva cinereiceps [Verreaux, J, 1871]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 628).",null,null,null,"Fulvetta"],["23873","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta ruficapilla","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37","Spectacled Fulvetta","Spectacled Fulvetta","Spectacled Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen oak forest, dense secondary scrub, and brambles, in central and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735568","speful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/speful1","avibase-BD27AE48",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; types from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Siva ruficapilla"],["23874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta ruficapilla ruficapilla","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (southern Gansu to southern Shaanxi and Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA4C74C1",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; types from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Siva ruficapilla"],["23875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta ruficapilla sordidior","(Rippon, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (western Sichuan, Guizhou, and northern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C91CC2FE",null,null,"Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Talif u, Yunnan.","New species of Proparus from Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/434/mode/1up","Proparus sordidior"],["23876","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta danisi","(Delacour & Greenway, 1941)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 18 p.47","Indochinese Fulvetta","Indochinese Fulvetta","Indochinese Fulvetta",null,null,"patchy in foothill and submontane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary scrub, and bamboo, in Laos and central and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734593","indful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indful1","avibase-6C677F32",null,null,"Phu Kobo [lat. 19° 16' N., long. 103° 25' E.], Laos.","A new Timaliid from Laos, French Indo-China.",null,"Alcippe (Fulvetta) ruficapilla danisi"],["23877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta danisi danisi","(Delacour & Greenway, 1941)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 18 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Tonkin and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9AEC258",null,null,"Phu Kobo [lat. 19° 16' N., long. 103° 25' E.], Laos.","A new Timaliid from Laos, French Indo-China.",null,"Alcippe (Fulvetta) ruficapilla danisi"],["23878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta danisi bidoupensis","(Eames, Robson & Cu Nguyen, 1995)","Forktail 10[\"1994\"] p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5596199",null,null,"Mount Nui Bi Doup, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam (12 05'N, 108 40'E)","A new subspecies of Spectacled Fulvetta Alcippe ruficapilla from Vietnam.","https://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Eames-SpectacledFulvetta.pdf","Alcippe ruficapilla bidoupensis"],["23879","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta striaticollis","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.38","Chinese Fulvetta","Chinese Fulvetta","Chinese Fulvetta",null,null,"mountains of south-central China (southwestern Gansu to southeastern Qinghai, Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716604","chiful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiful1","avibase-24AAB99D",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; type from Muping [=Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/340/mode/1up","Siva striaticollis"],["23880","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta ludlowi","Kinnear, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.134","Brown-throated Fulvetta","Brown-throated Fulvetta","Brown-throated Fulvetta",null,null,"Himalayas (southeastern Tibet to southwestern China, eastern Bhutan, and far northeastern India)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716617","ludful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ludful1","avibase-47572CAC",null,null,"Sakden, eastern Bhutan.","Description of a new species of Fulvetta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/172/mode/1up","Fulvetta ludlowi"],["23881","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.89","White-browed Fulvetta","White-browed Fulvetta","White-browed Fulvetta",null,null,"patchy in montane scrub, rhododendron thickets, bamboo, and understory in open pine or spruce forest, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to Bhutan, and in southern China, in western and northern Myanmar, and in northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716601","whbful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbful1","avibase-5DAF0274",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"[Mesia] Siva Vinipectus"],["23882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus kangrae","Ticehurst & Whistler, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Kashmir to northwestern Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DA22E7E",null,null,"Palampur, East Punjab.","Description of two new races from the N.W. Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/99/mode/1up","Fulvetta vinipecta kangrae"],["23883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus vinipectus","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of western and central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84BF80B9",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"[Mesia] Siva Vinipectus"],["23884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus chumbiensis","Kinnear, 1939","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.4 p.751",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Nepal to southeastern Tibet, Sikkim, and Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94425AFD",null,null,"Yatung, Chumbi Valley, southeastern Tibet.","On three new Races of Himalayan and Tibetan Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb07201.x","Fulvetta vinipectus chumbiensis"],["23885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus austeni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-466A815D",null,null,"Manipur and the Naga Hills, Assam.","[Description of a new Proparus from Manipur and the Naga Hills].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/297/mode/1up","Proparus austeni"],["23886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus ripponi","(Harington, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (highest regions of the Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAFFD9E4",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Burma.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies, with a key to the species of Proparus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/95/mode/1up","Proparus ripponi"],["23887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus perstriata","Mayr, 1941","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Kachin State) to southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2769CC4",null,null,"Chawngmawhka, Burma- Yunnan border.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part II.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00596.x","Fulvetta vinipectus perstriata"],["23888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus valentinae","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (Fan Si Pan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27FCBA0A",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104° 4r E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Alcippe vinipectus valentinae"],["23889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta vinipectus bieti","(Oustalet, 1892)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12, no.9 p.284 (in text), pl. 9, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Sichuan to northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B3AC6E6",null,null,"Tatsienlu [= Kangting, Hsikang].","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/296/mode/1up","Alcippe (Proparus) Bieti"],["23890","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta manipurensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.123","Manipur Fulvetta","Manipur Fulvetta","Manipur Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, scrub, and bamboo, from northeastern India and northern Myanmar eastward through southern China to northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734598","sttful2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttful2","avibase-A718ADC4",null,null,"Owenkulno Peak, Manipur.","On a new species of the genus Proparus, from the Manipur Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/149/mode/1up","Proparus manipurensis"],["23891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta manipurensis manipurensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northeastern India to northeastern Myanmar and northwestern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F184B876",null,null,"Owenkulno Peak, Manipur.","On a new species of the genus Proparus, from the Manipur Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/149/mode/1up","Proparus manipurensis"],["23892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta manipurensis tonkinensis","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) to northwestern Tonkin and northeastern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7227F32B",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104° 4r E.], 2,800 metres, Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Alcippe ruficapillus tonkinensis"],["23893","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta formosana","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.120","Taiwan Fulvetta","Taiwan Fulvetta","Taiwan Fulvetta",null,null,"highlands of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734603","taiful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taiful1","avibase-DA34BA3E",null,null,"Mount Morrison, Formosa.","On new species from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/146/mode/1up","Proparus formosanus"],["23894","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta cinereiceps","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37","Grey-hooded Fulvetta","Gray-hooded Fulvetta","Grey-hooded Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to montane understory in broadleaf and mixed forest, secondary growth, scrub, and bramble, in central and southwestern to southeastern China; some downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735182","sttful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttful1","avibase-9F47C704",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; type from Muping [=Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Siva cinereiceps"],["23895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta cinereiceps fessa","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.7 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (southern Shaanxi and Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2905572A",null,null,"near Choni spruce forests, Tao River basin, southwestern Kansu, 9000 ft., China","Birds collected by Dr. Joseph F. Rock in western Kansu and eastern Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/382/mode/1up","Fulvetta cinereiceps fessa"],["23896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta cinereiceps cinereiceps","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (western Hubei to western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1AE7E3D",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; type from Muping [=Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Siva cinereiceps"],["23897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta cinereiceps fucata","(Styan, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (Hubei to southern Hunan and southern Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7119390",null,null,"Ichang, Hupeh.","Three new species of Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/546/mode/1up","Proparus fucatus"],["23898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Fulvetta cinereiceps guttaticollis","(La Touche, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern China (northwestern Fujian); winters in northern Guangdong",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCE63689",null,null,"Kuatun, Fukien.","New species of birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/410/mode/1up","Proparus guttaticollis"],["23899","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chamaea","Gambel, 1847","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3, no.7 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parus fasciatus [Gambel, 1845]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17669#page/162/mode/1up","Chamaea"],["23900","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chamaea fasciata","(Gambel, 1845)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.10 p.265","Wrentit","Wrentit","Wrentit",null,null,"coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and dense shrubbery on Pacific coast and adjacent interior from far northwestern Oregon (northwestern USA) southward to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716861","wrenti","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrenti","avibase-989B57D8",null,null,"California; restricted to Monterey, Monterey County, by Grinnell, 1932, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 38, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/277/mode/1up","Parus fasciatus"],["23901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chamaea fasciata phaea","Osgood, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Oregon (Columbia River to California border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E69453A",null,null,"Newport, Lincoln County, Oregon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/68/mode/1up","Chamaea fasciata phaea"],["23902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chamaea fasciata margra","Browning, 1992","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of southwestern Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-773F2EBC",null,null,"Perozzi Acres south of Southern Oregon State College campus, Ashland, Jackson Co., Oregon, collected 29 Apr 1984 by M. Gould.","A new subspecies of Chamaea fasciata (Wrentit) from Oregon (Aves: Timaliinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110199#page/443/mode/1up","Chamaea fasciata margra"],["23903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chamaea fasciata rufula","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"chaparral of coastal northern California (Del Norte to Marin counties)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-740744DC",null,null,"Nicasio, Marin County, California.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/122/mode/1up","Chamaea fasciata rufula"],["23904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chamaea fasciata fasciata","(Gambel, 1845)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.10 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of coastal California from Lake County southward to the San Francisco Bay region, then southward coastally to San Luis Obispo County",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5DD2FD3",null,null,"California; restricted to Monterey, Monterey County, by Grinnell, 1932, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 38, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/277/mode/1up","Parus fasciatus"],["23905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Chamaea fasciata henshawi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.259 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of northern California (inner Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada) and coastal southern California to northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62BEED83",null,null,"interior districts of California, including the western slope of the Sierra Nevada ; inferentially restricted to Walker Basin, Kern County, by Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, p. 691.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/33/mode/1up","Chamaea fasciata henshawi"],["23906","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.38 p.17",null,null,null,"2025-0343","A broad <em>Paradoxornis </em>is recognized following Cai et al. (2019). Sometimes split into multiple small genera based on morphology (Penhallurick &amp; Robson 2009) or genetics (Yeung et al. 2011), a phylogenetic analysis of multiple nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci (Cai et al. 2019) identified two well-resolved clades within the Paradoxornithidae: <em>Paradoxornis </em>and <em>Suthora</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Paradoxornis flavirostris [Gould, 1836]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Characters of some new Birds in the Society's Collection, including two new genera, Paradoxornis and Actinodura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/29/mode/1up","Paradoxornis"],["23907","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis heudei","David, 1874","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 74 p.1450","Reed Parrotbill","Reed Parrotbill","Reed Parrotbill",null,null,"disjunctly from eastern Mongolia to southeastern Russia and northeastern China, and eastern China (southeastern Shandong southward to Jiangsu and inland to northern Jiangxi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716844","reepar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reepar3","avibase-88560BE4",null,null,"Kiangsu.","Sur une espèce nouvelle de Paradoxornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24326#page/1456/mode/1up","Paradoxornis Heudei"],["23908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis heudei polivanovi","Stepanyan, 1974","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 53 no.8 p.1271",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China (Liaoning, Heilongjiang) and adjacent southeastern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DD47316",null,null,"Lake Khanka, Soviet Russia, Asia","Paradoxornis heudei polivanovi Stepanyan ssp. n. (Paradoxornithidae, Aves) from the Khanka Lake basin.",null,"Paradoxornis heudei polivanovi"],["23909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis heudei heudei","David, 1874","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 74 p.1450",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China (southeastern Shandong southward to Jiangsu and inland to northern Jiangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D74DB39",null,null,"Kiangsu.","Sur une espèce nouvelle de Paradoxornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24326#page/1456/mode/1up","Paradoxornis Heudei"],["23910","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis flavirostris","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.38 p.17","Black-breasted Parrotbill","Black-breasted Parrotbill","Black-breasted Parrotbill",null,null,"foothills of Nepal to northeastern Assam and western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716795","blbpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpar2","avibase-664698E5",null,null,"probably Nepal.","Characters of some new Birds in the Society's Collection, including two new genera, Paradoxornis and Actinodura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/29/mode/1up","Paradoxornis flavirostris"],["23911","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis guttaticollis","David, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 7, fasc.2 p.14 (p.8 as a nomen nudum)","Spot-breasted Parrotbill","Spot-breasted Parrotbill","Spot-breasted Parrotbill",null,null,"hill forest of Assam to eastern Myanmar, southern China, and northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716798","spbpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbpar1","avibase-C922CECC",null,null,"'Setchuan-Moupin'; type specimen from western Szechwan, fide David, 1877, in David and Oustalet, Oiseaux Chine, p. 204","Catalogue des oiseaux de Chine observés dans la partie septentrionale de l'Empire (au nord du fleuve-bleu) de 1862 à 1870.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49410#page/245/mode/1up","Paradoxornis guttaticollis"],["23912","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis aemodius","(Hodgson, 1841)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 10, pt.2, no.119 p.857","Great Parrotbill","Great Parrotbill","Great Parrotbill",null,null,"bamboo forest of western Nepal to southeastern Tibet, southern China, and northeastern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716781","grepar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grepar1","avibase-D1065C8C",null,null,"northern Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122870#page/417/mode/1up","Conostama OEmodius"],["23913","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis unicolor","(Hodgson, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.138 p.448","Brown Parrotbill","Brown Parrotbill","Brown Parrotbill",null,null,"bamboo forest of Nepal to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northeastern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716787","bropar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bropar1","avibase-83BC3338",null,null,"northern Nepal.","Additions to the Catalogue of Nepâl Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/512/mode/1up","H[eteromorpha] unicolor"],["23914","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis paradoxus","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.35","Three-toed Parrotbill","Three-toed Parrotbill","Three-toed Parrotbill",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane bamboo within mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest in central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716784","thtpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thtpar1","avibase-B7B36296",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; type specimens from Muping [= Paohing] , Hsikang, fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/337/mode/1up","Cholornis paradoxa"],["23915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis paradoxus paradoxus","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (northern Sichuan and southwestern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED4B8B3",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; type specimens from Muping [= Paohing] , Hsikang, fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/337/mode/1up","Cholornis paradoxa"],["23916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis paradoxus taipaiensis","Cheng, Lo & Chao, 1973","Acta Zoologica Sinica 19, no.1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (Tsingling Mountains of southern Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5779D1A4",null,null,"Ching-Shih Yen, Tai-pai, Shenshi","A new Three-toed Parrotbill from Tsingling Range, Shensi, China.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122526968.pdf","Paradoxornis paradoxus taipaiensis"],["23917","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis ruficeps","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.177","White-breasted Parrotbill","White-breasted Parrotbill","White-breasted Parrotbill",null,null,"Nepal to Bhutan, northern Assam, southern China (northwestern Yunnan), and southeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103880882","ruhpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhpar3","avibase-A66D4C91",null,null,"Bhutan.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/211/mode/1up","Paradoxornis ruficeps"],["23918","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis bakeri","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.548","Rufous-headed Parrotbill","Rufous-headed Parrotbill","Rufous-headed Parrotbill",null,null,"southeastern Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India of Brahmaputra River, and far northeastern Bangladesh, eastward to northern Myanmar and adjacent southern China (northwestern Yunnan), and southeastern and southern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand (Mae Moei National Park), and northern Laos and northern Vietnam (eastern Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735612","ruhpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhpar2","avibase-C89C9217",null,null,"Hungrum, North Cachar, Assam.","On the genus Scaeorhynchus Oates.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/562/mode/1up","Scaeorhynchus ruficeps bakeri"],["23919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis bakeri bakeri","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.548",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to northern and eastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11A3F982",null,null,"Hungrum, North Cachar, Assam.","On the genus Scaeorhynchus Oates.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/562/mode/1up","Scaeorhynchus ruficeps bakeri"],["23920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis bakeri magnirostris","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEB46CBE",null,null,"Tam Dao [lat. 21° 2r N., long. 105° 40' E.], Tongking.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/206/mode/1up","Psittiparus ruficeps magnirostris"],["23921","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis margaritae","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.167","Black-headed Parrotbill","Black-headed Parrotbill","Black-headed Parrotbill",null,null,"eastern Cambodia and highlands of southern Vietnam (southern Annam)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734623","bkhpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhpar1","avibase-DBBA3A9A",null,null,"Jirinh [lat. 11° 31' N., long. 108° 01' E.], Annam.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/207/mode/1up","Psittiparus margaritae"],["23922","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis gularis","Gray, 1845","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2, pt.20 p.389 pl.94","Grey-headed Parrotbill","Gray-headed Parrotbill","Grey-headed Parrotbill",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, bamboo in pine forest, secondary growth, and scrub, from northeastern India and Bhutan eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to southwestern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735202","gyhpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhpar3","avibase-4D6EE0EA",null,null,"no locality; type from Bhutan, fide Kinnear, 1937, in Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, pp. 27-28.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/186/mode/1up","Paradoxornis gularis"],["23923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis gularis gularis","Gray, 1845","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2, pt.20 p.389 pl.94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Sikkim to Bhutan and northern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94D4E0CB",null,null,"no locality; type from Bhutan, fide Kinnear, 1937, in Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, pp. 27-28.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/186/mode/1up","Paradoxornis gularis"],["23924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis gularis transfluvialis","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.548",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38E3525F",null,null,"Guilang, North Cachar, Assam.","On the genus Scaeorhynchus Oates.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/562/mode/1up","Scaeorhynchus gularis transfluvialis"],["23925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis gularis rasus","(Stresemann, 1940)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 24, heft 2 p.153 (in list), 180",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5BF7ADE",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","Die Vögel des Mount Victoria.",null,"Psittiparus gularis rasus"],["23926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis gularis laotianus","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar (Kengtung) to northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CF1F6AC",null,null,"Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/53/mode/1up","Psittiparus gularis laotianus"],["23927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis gularis fokiensis","(David, 1874)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.3-6, art.9 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southern China (south of the Yangtze River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11A93791",null,null,"Fukien.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/307/mode/1up","Heteromorpha fokiensis"],["23928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Paradoxornis gularis hainanus","(Rothschild, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AF76438",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","On new species of birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/487/mode/1up","Psittiparus gularis hainanus"],["23929","genus","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.32.",null,null,null,"2025-0344","A broad <em>Suthora</em> is recognized following Cai et al. (2019). Sometimes split into multiple small genera based on morphology (Penhallurick &amp; Robson 2009) or genetics (Yeung et al. 2011), a phylogenetic analysis of multiple nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci (Cai et al. 2019) identified two well-resolved clades within the Paradoxornithidae: <em>Suthora </em>and <em>Paradoxornis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Suthora nipalensis [Hodgson, 1837]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Suthora"],["23930","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora przewalskii","Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891","Aves expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et confinia 1884-1887 p.67 pl.2 fig.1","Przevalski's Parrotbill","Rusty-throated Parrotbill","Rusty-throated Parrotbill",null,null,"mountains of south-central China (southeastern Qinghai to southeastern Gansu and adjacent Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716818","rutpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutpar2","avibase-7164CABB",null,null,"Hsiku and Minchow districts, southern Kansu.",null,null,"Suthora Przewalskii"],["23931","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora davidiana","Slater, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.172 pl.4 fig.1","Short-tailed Parrotbill","Short-tailed Parrotbill","Short-tailed Parrotbill",null,null,"disjunctly from eastern Myanmar and southern China to northern Thailand and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716832","shtpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtpar3","avibase-D4F1F491",null,null,"Kuatun, northwestern Fukien.","On a Further Collection of Birds, made by Messrs. La Touche and Rickett, from N. W. Fohkien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/218/mode/1up","Suthora davidiana"],["23932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora davidiana davidiana","Slater, 1897","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.172 pl.4 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern China (southern Zhejiang to central Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12DE8624",null,null,"Kuatun, northwestern Fukien.","On a Further Collection of Birds, made by Messrs. La Touche and Rickett, from N. W. Fohkien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/218/mode/1up","Suthora davidiana"],["23933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora davidiana tonkinensis","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Vietnam (Bac Phan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A794140F",null,null,"Bac Kan [lat. 22° 08' N., long. 105° 50' E.], Tongking.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/207/mode/1up","Suthora davidiana tonkinensis"],["23934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora davidiana thompsoni","Bingham, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan) to eastern Myanmar, eastern Thailand, northwestern Laos, and northern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-346EAE4B",null,null,"north-east of Kyatpyin village near the Paunglaung stream,' Loilong, Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.","A new species from the Mekong river.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/437/mode/1up","Suthora thompsoni"],["23935","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora fulvifrons","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.31","Fulvous Parrotbill","Fulvous Parrotbill","Fulvous Parrotbill",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane dense bamboo within or near forest, from central Nepal eastward through Himalayas to central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716823","fulpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fulpar1","avibase-CA227961",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/245/mode/1up","T[emnoris] fulvifrons"],["23936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora fulvifrons fulvifrons","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79FB524C",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/245/mode/1up","T[emnoris] fulvifrons"],["23937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora fulvifrons chayulensis","Kinnear, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Tibet and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD77D605",null,null,"Lung, Chayul Valley, southeastern Tibet.","New Races of Rose-Finch, Suthora and Nuthatch collected by Messrs. Ludlow and Sherriff in South-east Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/86/mode/1up","Suthora fulvifrons chayulensis"],["23938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora fulvifrons albifacies","Mayr & Birckhead, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.966 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southwestern China (southeastern Qinghai and northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E597C13",null,null,"Likiang Range, Yunnan.","The Birds of the Sage West China Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3867/","Suthora fulvifrons albifacies"],["23939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora fulvifrons cyanophrys","David, 1874","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.3-6, art.9 p.3 (in text)",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (western Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, and southern Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAAC2D8E",null,null,"southwestern Shensi,","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/306/mode/1up","Sutora cyanophrys"],["23940","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora verreauxi","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.488","Golden Parrotbill","Golden Parrotbill","Golden Parrotbill",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane bamboo in broadleaf evergreen forest, and bamboo in hemlock forest, from central and southeastern China southward to eastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam, and on Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716829","golpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golpar2","avibase-B4B6C5A8",null,null,"Hills of W Sgeshuen and Moupin, China",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/508/mode/1up","Suthora verreauxi"],["23941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora verreauxi craddocki","Bingham, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (northeastern Guangxi), northeastern Tonkin (Fan Si Pan Mountains), and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5668AC41",null,null,"Loi Pangnao [lat. 21° 20' N., long. 100° 20' E.], Upper Burma.","Two new species from the Mekong river.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/426/mode/1up","Suthora craddocki"],["23942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora verreauxi verreauxi","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (eastern Qinghai to Sichuan and northern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B858374",null,null,"Hills of W Sgeshuen and Moupin, China",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/508/mode/1up","Suthora verreauxi"],["23943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora verreauxi pallida","La Touche, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern China (northwestern Fujian)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0724E6A7",null,null,"Kuatun, northwestern Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/426/mode/1up","Suthora gularis pallida"],["23944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora verreauxi morrisoniana","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1698DF43",null,null,"Mount Morrison, Formosa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/145/mode/1up","Suthora morrisoniana"],["23945","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.32","Black-throated Parrotbill","Black-throated Parrotbill","Black-throated Parrotbill",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane bamboo and understory in broadleaf evergreen forest from northern India eastward through Himalayas to northern Myanmar and adjacent China, and southward to southern Myanmar, nearby Thailand, and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716826","bltpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltpar1","avibase-9FA30008",null,null,"central and northern regions of Nepal; restricted to Kathmandu Valley, by Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds, India Pakistan, p. 370.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"Parus (Suthora) Nipalensis"],["23946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis garhwalensis","(Fleming & Traylor, 1964)","Fieldiana Zoology 35 no.9 p.531",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India (Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81CDD002",null,null,"Kurumtoli, Garhwal, Uttar Pradesh, India [=Kurumtoli, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.]","Further notes on Nepal birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21222#page/51/mode/1up","Paradoxornis nipalensis garhwalensis"],["23947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal (Kathmandu Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3801E7E7",null,null,"central and northern regions of Nepal; restricted to Kathmandu Valley, by Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds, India Pakistan, p. 370.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"Parus (Suthora) Nipalensis"],["23948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis humii","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of eastern Nepal, Sikkim, and western Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D39FB8B2",null,null,"Nepal and Sikkim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/507/mode/1up","Suthora humii"],["23949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis crocotia","(Kinnear, 1954)","Ibis vol.96, no.3 p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Tibet and eastern Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CF22BA7",null,null,"Yönpu La, near Trashigong, E. Bhutan, 8000 feet",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1954.tb02341.x","Paradoxornis poliotis crocotius"],["23950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis poliotis","Blyth, 1851","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.6 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bhutan to Assam, northeastern Myanmar, southeastern Tibet, and southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCC4521D",null,null,"Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, Assam.","Notice of a collection of Mammalia, Birds, and Reptiles, procured at or near the station of Chérra Punji in the Khásia hills, north of Sylhet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/584/mode/1up","Suthora poliotis"],["23951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis feae","Salvadori, 1889","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.27 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southeastern Myanmar (Karenni State) and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E558476B",null,null,"Karen Hills, Upper Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111047#page/367/mode/1up","Suthora Feae"],["23952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis patriciae","Koelz, 1954","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Assam (Mizo Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFDDB9F2",null,null,"Blue Mountain, Lushai Hills, Assam.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Suthora poliotis patriciae"],["23953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis ripponi","Sharpe, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CB155A1",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","On three new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/708/mode/1up","Suthora ripponi"],["23954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis beaulieui","(Ripley, 1953)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 23 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Laos (Chiang Khwang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F581541",null,null,"Phu Kobo [lat. 19° 16' N., long. 103° 25' E.], Laos.","Notes sur les oiseaux du Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/314156#page/18/mode/1up","Paradoxornis verreauxi beaulieui"],["23955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora nipalensis kamoli","(Eames, 2002)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Mount Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBB63DBC",null,null,"c. 2,200 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh, 3 April 1998. Collected and prepared as a standard museum skin by JCE","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/164/mode/1up","Paradoxornis nipalensis kamoli"],["23956","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora atrosuperciliaris","(Godwin-Austen, 1877)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46, pt.2, no.1 p.44","Pale-billed Parrotbill","Pale-billed Parrotbill","Pale-billed Parrotbill",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane bamboo in broadleaf evergreen forest, forest edge, and tall grass, from northeastern India and Bhutan eastward through Himalayas to northern Myanmar and adjacent southern China, and southward to northwestern Thailand, central Laos, and adjacent Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716835","blbpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbpar3","avibase-6818E161",null,null,"Sadiya, Assam.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds of the Genera Pellorneum, Actinura, and Pomatorhinus; lately collected in the neighbourhood of Saddya, Assam, by Mr. M. J. Ogle of the Topographical Survey'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110105#page/54/mode/1up","Chleuasicus atrosuperciliaris"],["23957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora atrosuperciliaris oatesi","Sharpe, 1903","A hand-list of the genera and species of birds 4 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Darjeeling) to Sikkim",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-221AF558",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116877#page/88/mode/1up","[Suthora] oatesi"],["23958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora atrosuperciliaris atrosuperciliaris","(Godwin-Austen, 1877)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46, pt.2, no.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam to Myanmar, southern China (western Yunnan), northwestern Thailand, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7A90AF8",null,null,"Sadiya, Assam.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds of the Genera Pellorneum, Actinura, and Pomatorhinus; lately collected in the neighbourhood of Saddya, Assam, by Mr. M. J. Ogle of the Topographical Survey'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110105#page/54/mode/1up","Chleuasicus atrosuperciliaris"],["23959","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora conspicillata","David, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 7, fasc.2 p.14 (p.9 in list)","Spectacled Parrotbill","Spectacled Parrotbill","Spectacled Parrotbill",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf scrub, willow thickets, bamboo, and reedbeds near forest, in central and east-central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716801","spepar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spepar2","avibase-6D920A28",null,null,"easternmost Kokonor.","Catalogue des oiseaux de Chine observés dans la partie septentrionale de l'Empire (au nord du fleuve-bleu) de 1862 à 1870.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49410#page/245/mode/1up","[Suthora] conspicillata"],["23960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora conspicillata conspicillata","David, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 7, fasc.2 p.14 (p.9 in list)",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central China (eastern Qinghai to eastern Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, and southwestern Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69FDDD81",null,null,"easternmost Kokonor.","Catalogue des oiseaux de Chine observés dans la partie septentrionale de l'Empire (au nord du fleuve-bleu) de 1862 à 1870.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49410#page/245/mode/1up","[Suthora] conspicillata"],["23961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora conspicillata rocki","Bangs & Peters, 1928","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 68, no.7 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"montane bamboo forest of northeastern China (western Liaoning)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F39CDB48",null,null,"Hsien-tien-tsze, Hupeh, 6000 ft.","Birds collected by Dr. Joseph F. Rock in western Kansu and eastern Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21142#page/385/mode/1up","Suthora conspicillata rocki"],["23962","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora zappeyi","Thayer & Bangs, 1912","Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 40, no.4 p.171, pl.4 fig.2","Grey-hooded Parrotbill","Gray-hooded Parrotbill","Grey-hooded Parrotbill",null,null,"mountains of southern China (Washan and Omei Shan in eastern Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716813","gyhpar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhpar4","avibase-7B96A290",null,null,"Wa-shan, near Fulin, Hsikang.","Some Chinese vertebrates. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96494#page/221/mode/1up","Suthora zappeyi"],["23963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora zappeyi zappeyi","Thayer & Bangs, 1912","Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 40, no.4 p.171, pl.4 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Sichuan (except Erlang Shan) and northwestern Guizhou",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EE5A1D6",null,null,"Wa-shan, near Fulin, Hsikang.","Some Chinese vertebrates. Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96494#page/221/mode/1up","Suthora zappeyi"],["23964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora zappeyi erlangshanica","(Cheng, Li & Zhang, 1983)","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 8 no.3 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Erlang Shan (Sichuan in south-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70399C4E",null,null,"Erlangshan, Luding, Sichuan","A new subspecies of Paradoxornis zappeyi - P. z. erlangshanicus.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122022421.pdf","Paradoxornis zappeyi erlangshanicus"],["23965","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora ricketti","(Rothschild, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.11","Eye-ringed Parrotbill","Eye-ringed Parrotbill","Eye-ringed Parrotbill","2025-0342","Taxon <em>ricketti </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Suthora brunnea </em>(polytypic, including <em>styani</em>) based on the multilocus DNA study of Dai &amp; Feng (2023), supported by plumage differences. Although there is no evidence of gene exchange between these taxa, further research to confirm parapatry, or presence of a narrow zone of hybridization, would be informative.","southern China (southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103887001","bnwpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnwpar1","avibase-549E06B6",null,null,"Yangtze Valley, northwestern Yunnan.","Description of new species and subspecies of Yunnan Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/417/mode/1up","Paradoxornis webbiana ricketti"],["23966","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora brunnea","Anderson, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.211","Brown-winged Parrotbill","Brown-winged Parrotbill","Brown-winged Parrotbill","2025-0342","Taxon <em>ricketti </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Suthora brunnea </em>(polytypic, including <em>styani</em>) based on the multilocus DNA study of Dai &amp; Feng (2023), supported by plumage differences. Although there is no evidence of gene exchange between these taxa, further research to confirm parapatry, or presence of a narrow zone of hybridization, would be informative.","eastern and east-central Myanmar eastward to southern China (western and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103886982","bnwpar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnwpar2","avibase-5D7C768F",null,null,"Momien, western Yunnan.","On eight new Species of Birds from Western Yunan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/259/mode/1up","Suthora brunnea"],["23967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora brunnea brunnea","Anderson, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Yunnan from Tali region southward to Tengyueh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C07745B",null,null,"Momien, western Yunnan.","On eight new Species of Birds from Western Yunan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/259/mode/1up","Suthora brunnea"],["23968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora brunnea styani","Rippon, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13  p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (northern Yunnan from Mekong Valley to Tali region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-048D8ABC",null,null,"Tali valley, W. Yunnan","A new species of Suthora from Yunnan","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/426/mode/1up","Suthora styani"],["23969","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora alphonsiana","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.35","Ashy-throated Parrotbill","Ashy-throated Parrotbill","Ashy-throated Parrotbill",null,null,"foothill to submontane scrub, tall grass, thickets, forest edge, and tea plantations, from west-central China southward to northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716810","astpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/astpar1","avibase-A6246EF8",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; type from Chengtu, Szechwan, fide Yen, 1934, Journ. f. Orn., 82, p. 383.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/337/mode/1up","Suthora Alphonsiana"],["23970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora alphonsiana alphonsiana","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sichuan (central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D859B067",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; type from Chengtu, Szechwan, fide Yen, 1934, Journ. f. Orn., 82, p. 383.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/337/mode/1up","Suthora Alphonsiana"],["23971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora alphonsiana ganluoensis","(Li & Zhang, 1980)","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 4 no.3 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"Ganluo County (south-central Sichuan, central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDA714DA",null,null,"Daqiao People's Commune, Ganluo Xian, Sichuan, China, on Nov. 17, 1978","A new subspecies of Paradoxornis webbianus from Sichuan - Paradoxornis webbianus ganluoensis.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122652046.pdf","Paradoxornis webbianus ganluoensis"],["23972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora alphonsiana stresemanni","(Yen, 1934)","Journal für Ornithologie 82, no.3 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42C61860",null,null,"To-pung-shan, Kweichow.","Eine Vogelsammlung aus Kwei-Chow (China).","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905413","Paradoxornis alphonsiana stresemanni"],["23973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora alphonsiana yunnanensis","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E922789A",null,null,"Kopaotsun, southeastern Yunnan.","Descriptions of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/253/mode/1up","Suthora webbiana yunnanensis"],["23974","species","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora webbiana","Gould, 1852","The birds of Asia 3 pt4 pl.72","Vinous-throated Parrotbill","Vinous-throated Parrotbill","Vinous-throated Parrotbill",null,null,"lowland to montane scrub, marsh, bamboo thickets, and secondary growth, from northeastern China and Ussuriland (Russia) southward through Korean Peninsula and eastern China to northern Vietnam, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716804","vitpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vitpar1","avibase-32709919",null,null,"Shanghai, Kiangsu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118635#page/297/mode/1up","Suthora Webbiana"],["23975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora webbiana mantschurica","Taczanowski, 1885","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 10ème vol. p.470-471",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China (eastern Liaoning)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE9B27C9",null,null,"Alamanovka, Ussuriland.","Liste des oiseaux reçus récemment du sud-ouest du Pays oussourien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42149#page/494/mode/1up","Suthora webbiana mantschurica"],["23976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora webbiana fulvicauda","Campbell, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China (southern Liaoning) to southern Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68E16E95",null,null,"Chemulpo, Korea.","A List of Birds collected in Corea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/269/mode/1up","Suthora fulvicauda"],["23977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora webbiana suffusa","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern China (Shaanxi to western Sichuan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31856065",null,null,"'mountainous sides of the gorges on the upper Yangtsze.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/468/mode/1up","Suthora suffusa"],["23978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora webbiana webbiana","Gould, 1852","The birds of Asia 3 pt4 pl.72",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern China (southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FE48DEF",null,null,"Shanghai, Kiangsu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118635#page/297/mode/1up","Suthora Webbiana"],["23979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora webbiana elisabethae","La Touche, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern China (southeastern Yunnan) and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88991220",null,null,"Loukouchai, southeastern Yunnan.","Description of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/274/mode/1up","Suthora alphonsiana elisabethae"],["23980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Paradoxornithidae","Parrotbills and allies","Suthora webbiana bulomacha","Swinhoe, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.7 p.300-303, pl. IX",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A025429",null,null,"Formosa.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/338/mode/1up","Suthora bulomachus"],["23981","family","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosteropidae",null,null,"White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and Allies","White-eyes and Yuhinas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"zoster2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zoster2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["23982","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Parayuhina","Cai, Cibois, Alström et al., 2019","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130 (2019) 346-356.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parayuhina diademata [Verreaux, 1869]",null,"Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world’s babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328254826","Parayuhina"],["23983","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Parayuhina diademata","(Verreaux, 1869)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 5, fasc.4 p.35","White-collared Yuhina","White-collared Yuhina","White-collared Yuhina",null,null,"mountains of southwestern China to southeastern Myanmar and northwestern Tonkin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716740","whcyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcyuh1","avibase-ED9A5BB0",null,null,"'le Thibet oriental' ; types from Muping [= Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.","Notes sur quelques oiseaux considérés comme nouveaux provenant du voyage de M. l'Abbé Armand David dans le Thibet oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49416#page/315/mode/1up","Yuhina diademata"],["23984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Parayuhina diademata ampelina","(Rippon, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11  p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northeastern Myanmar, southwestern China, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D3BADAD",null,null,"Warar Bum, 6000 feet, 30 miles east of Bhamo [Myanmar]","New species of birds obtained by him in the Shan States","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/170/mode/1up","Yuhina ampelina"],["23985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Parayuhina diademata diademata","(Verreaux, 1869)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 5, fasc.4 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"montane central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74F45EF2",null,null,"'le Thibet oriental' ; types from Muping [= Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.","Notes sur quelques oiseaux considérés comme nouveaux provenant du voyage de M. l'Abbé Armand David dans le Thibet oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49416#page/315/mode/1up","Yuhina diademata"],["23986","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida","Gould, 1871","The birds of Asia 4, pt.23 pi. 8.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Siva torqueola [Swinhoe, 1870]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1871, Hand-list of Genera and Species of Birds, 3, p. 173).",null,null,null,"Staphida"],["23987","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida everetti","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.447","Chestnut-crested Yuhina","Chestnut-crested Yuhina","Chestnut-crested Yuhina",null,null,"montane forest of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716725","chcyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcyuh1","avibase-EDF11415",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/503/mode/1up","Staphidia everetti"],["23988","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida torqueola","(Swinhoe, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.27 p.174-175","Indochinese Yuhina","Indochinese Yuhina","Indochinese Yuhina",null,null,"northern plateau of Thailand to southern China and northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734618","indyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indyuh1","avibase-18E06178",null,null,"Tingchow Mountains, Fukien.","XVII. Descriptions of three new Species from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/188/mode/1up","Siva torqueola"],["23989","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida castaniceps","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.411","Striated Yuhina","Striated Yuhina","Striated Yuhina",null,null,"foothill understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, and scrub in secondary growth, from northeastern India and Bhutan eastward through Himalayas to northern Myanmar and adjacent China, and southward to southeastern Myanmar and western Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735197","stryuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stryuh1","avibase-BB20B241",null,null,"'Afghanistan,' error; corrected to Khasi Hills, Assam, by Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 616.",null,null,"Ixulus castaniceps"],["23990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida castaniceps rufigenis","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.108,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Darjeeling) and Sikkim",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-403A3D90",null,null,"Himalayas.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/124/mode/1up","Ixulus rufigenis"],["23991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida castaniceps plumbeiceps","Godwin-Austen, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.519-520",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Assam to northern Myanmar and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C448608B",null,null,"near Sadiya and Brahmakhand, northeastern Assam.","LXV. Descriptions of supposed new Birds from the Naga Hills and Eastern Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/533/mode/1up","Staphida plumbeiceps"],["23992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida castaniceps castaniceps","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam to southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8374181",null,null,"'Afghanistan,' error; corrected to Khasi Hills, Assam, by Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 616.",null,null,"Ixulus castaniceps"],["23993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Staphida castaniceps striata","(Blyth, 1859)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.413-414",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Myanmar to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C79F4FB0",null,null,"mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces, Lower Burma; type from 'Near Teethoungplee, 3,000 feet,' Amherst District, fide Tickell, 1859, ibid., p. 452.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/425/mode/1up","Ixulus striatus"],["23994","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.165 pl.9 fig.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Yuhina gularis [Hodgson, 1836]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Yuhina"],["23995","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina nigrimenta","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.562","Black-chinned Yuhina","Black-chinned Yuhina","Black-chinned Yuhina",null,null,"northern India eastward to central and southeastern China, southward to western Myanmar, northern and central Laos, Vietnam, and far eastern Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716750","blcyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcyuh1","avibase-60D9AAA1",null,null,"Nepal, ex Hodgson,","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/108/mode/1up","Y[uhina] nigrimenta"],["23996","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina brunneiceps","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.121","Taiwan Yuhina","Taiwan Yuhina","Taiwan Yuhina",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716746","taiyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taiyuh1","avibase-7A3177F9",null,null,"Mount Morrison, Formosa.","On new species from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/147/mode/1up","Yuhina brunneiceps"],["23997","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina occipitalis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.166","Rufous-vented Yuhina","Rufous-vented Yuhina","Rufous-vented Yuhina",null,null,"foothill to montane oak-rhododendron forest from central Nepal eastward through Himalayas to south-central China; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716743","ruvyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvyuh1","avibase-E9226482",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/216/mode/1up","Yuhina Occipitales"],["23998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina occipitalis occipitalis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Nepal to southeastern Tibet and northern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47952C5A",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/216/mode/1up","Yuhina Occipitales"],["23999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina occipitalis obscurior","Rothschild, 1921","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Kachin State) to southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9795C776",null,null,"Likiang Range, Yunnan.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/58/mode/1up","Yuhina occipitalis obscurior"],["24000","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina gularis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.166","Stripe-throated Yuhina","Stripe-throated Yuhina","Stripe-throated Yuhina",null,null,"patchy in submontane to montane rhododendron and oak or coniferous forest, and bamboo scrub, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to western Myanmar, northern Laos, and central Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716737","sttyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttyuh1","avibase-6B6C727C",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/216/mode/1up","Yuhina Gularis"],["24001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina gularis vivax","Koelz, 1954","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Garhwal to Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7410C29",null,null,"above Luni, Tehri, northwestern Uttar Pradesh.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Yuhina gularis vivax"],["24002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina gularis gularis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to southeastern Tibet, northwestern Yunnan, western Myanmar, and northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8F82EED",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/216/mode/1up","Yuhina Gularis"],["24003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina gularis omeiensis","Riley, 1930","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 43, no.19 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Omei Shan Mountains of Sichuan to northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDF5B04C",null,null,"Mount Omei, Szechwan.","Four new forms of Birds from Szechwan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107495#page/156/mode/1up","Yuhina gularis omeiensis"],["24004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina gularis uthaii","Eames, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Mount Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D793A00",null,null,"c. 2,200 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh [Vietnam], 7 April 1998 by LTT","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/163/mode/1up","Yuhina gularis uthaii"],["24005","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina bakeri","Rothschild, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.3 p.276","White-naped Yuhina","White-naped Yuhina","White-naped Yuhina",null,null,"mountains of northeastern India (Assam) to Myanmar and southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716728","whnyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnyuh1","avibase-1B155418",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","On the avifauna of Yunnan, with critical notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/328/mode/1up","Yuhina bakeri"],["24006","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina humilis","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5 p.106","Burmese Yuhina","Burmese Yuhina","Burmese Yuhina",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, and pine-oak forest, in eastern Myanmar and western Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716734","buryuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buryuh1","avibase-16E99455",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° 11' N., long. 98° 32' E.], Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/122/mode/1up","Ixulus humilis"],["24007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina humilis clarki","(Oates, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Myanmar (Southern Shan State and Karenni State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1D25D5C",null,null,"Byin Gye Taung [lat. 20° 01' N., long. 96° 26' E.], Upper Burma.","Ixulus clarki, sp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/139/mode/1up","Ixulus clarki"],["24008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina humilis humilis","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Myanmar and adjacent northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1F864D0",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° 11' N., long. 98° 32' E.], Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/122/mode/1up","Ixulus humilis"],["24009","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina flavicollis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.167","Whiskered Yuhina","Whiskered Yuhina","Whiskered Yuhina",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, open oak forest, and secondary growth, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to western Myanmar, central Laos, and adjacent Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716731","whiyuh1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiyuh1","avibase-68D50AEF",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to central Nepal, by Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds India Pakistan, p. 408.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/217/mode/1up","Yuhina? Flavicollis"],["24010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina flavicollis albicollis","(Ticehurst & Whistler, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8482E2CF",null,null,"Dharmsala, Kangra, East Punjab.","Description of two new races from the N.W. Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/99/mode/1up","Ixulus flavicollis albicollis"],["24011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina flavicollis flavicollis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal to Bhutan, eastern Assam (Abor Hills), and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A15EF3A",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to central Nepal, by Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds India Pakistan, p. 408.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/217/mode/1up","Yuhina? Flavicollis"],["24012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina flavicollis rouxi","(Oustalet, 1896)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2, no.5 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam to northern Myanmar, southern China (Yunnan), and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73E2BF85",null,null,"banks of the Lisiang-kiang, or Black River, Yunnan.","Note sur les Oiseaux recueillis dans le Yun-nan par le Prince Henri d'Orléans, dans le cours de son dernier voyage du Tonkin aux Indes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137047#page/196/mode/1up","Ixulus Rouxi"],["24013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina flavicollis rogersi","Deignan, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"far northern Thailand (Doi Phu Kha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0EF5574",null,null,"Doi Phu Kha [lat. 19° 05' N., long. 101° 05' E.], Thailand.","A new race of Yuhina flavicollis from the mountains of North Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/247/mode/1up","Yuhina flavicollis rogersi"],["24014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Yuhina flavicollis constantiae","Ripley, 1953","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 23 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Laos (Chiang Khwang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D4E66EE",null,null,"Phu Kobo [lat. 19° 16' N., long. 103° 25' E.], Laos.","Notes sur les oiseaux du Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/314156#page/19/mode/1up","Yuhina flavicollis constantiae"],["24015","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Cleptornis","Oustalet, 1889","Le Naturaliste 3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilotis marchei [Oustalet, 1889]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Cleptornis"],["24016","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Cleptornis marchei","(Oustalet, 1889)","Le Naturaliste (2), 3 p.260","Golden White-eye","Golden White-eye","Golden White-eye",null,null,"central and southern Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan and Aguijan)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714282","goweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goweye1","avibase-7B91A089",null,null,"Saipan.","Note sur la faune ornithologique des Iles Mariannes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39882#page/266/mode/1up","Ptilotis marchei"],["24017","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Apalopteron","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.54,59",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Ixos familiaris [von Kittlitz, 1830]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/64/mode/1up","Apalopteron"],["24018","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Apalopteron familiare","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1 livr.3 p.235 pl.13","Bonin White-eye","Bonin White-eye","Bonin White-eye",null,null,"Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (southeastern Japan); Hahajima and satellites, and formerly Mukojima (where extinct)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704125","bonhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bonhon1","avibase-DF8ECC87",null,null,"'Boninsima' ; restricted to Muko Shima, northern Bonin Islands, by Yamashina, 1930, Tori, 6, p. 330.",null,null,"Ixos familiaris"],["24019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Apalopteron familiare familiare","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1 livr.3 p.235 pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Mukojima (northern Ogasawara Islands); extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F901420",null,null,"'Boninsima' ; restricted to Muko Shima, northern Bonin Islands, by Yamashina, 1930, Tori, 6, p. 330.",null,null,"Ixos familiaris"],["24020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Apalopteron familiare hahasima","Yamashina, 1930","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 6, no.30 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Hahajima group (southern Ogasawara Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DEE0C2F",null,null,"Sekimon-yama, Haha Shima group, southern Bonin Islands.","Birds of the Parry Group, Bonin Islands.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.6.30_323","Apalopteron familiare hahasima"],["24021","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Dasycrotapha","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.114 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dasycrotapha speciosa [Tweeddale, 1878]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"On a new Philippine Genus and Species of Bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/168/mode/1up","Dasycrotapha"],["24022","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Dasycrotapha speciosa","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.114 pl.9","Flame-templed Babbler","Flame-templed Babbler","Flame-templed Babbler",null,null,"Negros and Panay, central Philippines; population on Panay may be an undescribed subspecies",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716210","fltbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fltbab1","avibase-8558E444",null,null,"Valencia, Negros, Philippine Islands.","On a new Philippine Genus and Species of Bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/168/mode/1up","Dasycrotapha speciosa"],["24023","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Dasycrotapha plateni","(Blasius, 1890)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.87 p.877","Mindanao Pygmy Babbler","Mindanao Pygmy-Babbler","Mindanao Pygmy Babbler",null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735157","pygbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygbab1","avibase-B7C99E58",null,null,"Mindanao, Philippine Islands ; type from near Davao, fide Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Is., pt. 4, p. 420.",null,null,"Mixornis Plateni"],["24024","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Dasycrotapha pygmaea","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1896)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.18","Visayan Pygmy Babbler","Visayan Pygmy-Babbler","Visayan Pygmy Babbler",null,null,"Philippines (Leyte and Samar)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734563","vispyb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vispyb1","avibase-79C8806A",null,null,"Samar, Philippine Islands.","On new species of birds from Samar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/378/mode/1up","Zosterornis pygmaeus"],["24025","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus","Oberholser, 1918","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 8, no.12 p.394.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mixornis capitalis [Tweeddale, 1877]; type by original designation",null,"Diagnosis of a new genus of Timaliidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18452#page/400/mode/1up","Sterrhoptilus"],["24026","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus capitalis","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.535","Rusty-crowned Babbler","Rusty-crowned Babbler","Rusty-crowned Babbler",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716207","rucbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucbab3","avibase-AA79D6BA",null,null,"Dinagat, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/549/mode/1up","Mixornis (?) capitalis"],["24027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus capitalis capitalis","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.535",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Dinagat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18822D6C",null,null,"Dinagat, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/549/mode/1up","Mixornis (?) capitalis"],["24028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus capitalis euroaustralis","(Parkes, 1988)","Nemouria 30 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, except Zamboanga Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95461A47",null,null,"Kablon, Mt. Matutum, Tupi, Cotabato, Mindanao Island, Philippines, on 3 June 1966, by D. S. Rabor","Three new subspecies of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173022#page/240/mode/1up","Stachyris capitalis euroaustralis"],["24029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus capitalis isabelae","(Parkes, 1963)","The Auk 80, no.4 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan and Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C391C146",null,null,"Isabela, Basilan, Philippine Islands","A new subspecies of tree-babbler from the Philippines.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol80/iss4/17/","Stachyris capitalis isabelae"],["24030","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus dennistouni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.2","Golden-crowned Babbler","Golden-crowned Babbler","Golden-crowned Babbler",null,null,"northern Philippines (Sierra Madre Mountains of northern Luzon)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716201","gocbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocbab1","avibase-A552D849",null,null,"Cape Engaño, northeastern Luzon, Philippine Islands.","On new species of birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/296/mode/1up","Zosterornis dennistouni"],["24031","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus affinis","(McGregor, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 no.5 p.292","Calabarzon Babbler","Calabarzon Babbler",null,"2025-0764","Taxon <em>affinis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus</em> based on differences in plumages and mitochondrial DNA (Hosner et al. 2018). However, phenotypic differences are not pronounced and phylogenetic reconstructions may be influenced by past mtDNA introgression; thus, further research needed to confirm species limits in this group.","Philippines (southern Sierra Madre Mountains of southern Luzon)",null,null,null,"bkcbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbab3","avibase-9E174B20",null,null,"Lamao, Bataan Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/406/mode/1up","Zosterornis affinis"],["24032","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.17","Visayan Babbler","Visayan Babbler",null,"2025-0764","Taxon <em>affinis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus</em> based on differences in plumages and mitochondrial DNA (Hosner et al. 2018). However, phenotypic differences are not pronounced and phylogenetic reconstructions may be influenced by past mtDNA introgression; thus, further research needed to confirm species limits in this group.","Samar, Leyte, and Bohol (east-central Philippines)",null,null,null,"bkcbab10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbab10","avibase-9D198D12",null,null,"Samar and Leyte, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/21/mode/1up","Mixornis nigrocapitatus"],["24033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus nigrocapitatus","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Leyte and Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-752333A4",null,null,"Samar and Leyte, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/21/mode/1up","Mixornis nigrocapitatus"],["24034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus boholensis","(Rand & Rabor, 1957)","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50303278",null,null,"Cantaub, Sierra Bullones, Bohol, Philippine Islands.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/7/mode/1up","Stachyris nigrocapitata boholensis"],["24035","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Zosterornis whiteheadi [Ogilvie-Grant, 1894]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Zosterornis"],["24036","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis hypogrammicus","(Salomonsen, 1961)","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 55 p.219-221","Palawan Striped Babbler","Palawan Striped-Babbler","Palawan Striped Babbler",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (montane forest of Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716243","pasbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pasbab1","avibase-4D7B5D9D",null,null,"Mount Mataling, Mantalingajan Range, Palawan, Philippine Islands.","A New Tit-Babbler (Stachyris hypogrammica, sp. nov.) from Palawan, Philippine Islands.","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1267/download/doft-55-1961-219-221-a-new-tit-babbler-stachyris-hypogrammica-sp-nov-from-palawan-philippine-islands","Stachyris hypogrammica"],["24037","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis whiteheadi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50","Chestnut-faced Babbler","Chestnut-faced Babbler","Chestnut-faced Babbler",null,null,"montane Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716224","chfbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chfbab1","avibase-614141B3",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Zosterornis whiteheadi"],["24038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis whiteheadi whiteheadi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C7402F0",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Zosterornis whiteheadi"],["24039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis whiteheadi sorsogonensis","(Rand & Rabor, 1967)","Fieldiana Zoology 51 no.6 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (southern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-759AB001",null,null,"Mount Bulusan, San Roque, Bulusan Municipality, Sorsogon Province, Luzon [Philippines]","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/10/mode/1up","Stachyris whiteheadi sorsogonensis"],["24040","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis striatus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.2","Luzon Striped Babbler","Luzon Striped-Babbler","Luzon Striped Babbler",null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716227","lusbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lusbab1","avibase-A8066114",null,null,"Isabela Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands.","[Two new species of birds from Northern Luzon].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/228/mode/1up","Zosterornis striatus"],["24041","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis nigrorum","(Rand & Rabor, 1952)","Natural History Miscellanea no.100 p.1","Negros Striped Babbler","Negros Striped-Babbler","Negros Striped Babbler",null,null,"Philippines (montane forest of Negros)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716237","nesbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nesbab1","avibase-2344C21D",null,null,"Cuernos de Negros, Negros Oriental Province, Negros, Philippine Islands.","Two new birds from Philippine Islands.",null,"Stachyris nigrorum"],["24042","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterornis latistriatus","(Gonzales & Kennedy, 1990)","Wilson Bulletin 102, no.3 p.367-379,front.","Panay Striped Babbler","Panay Striped-Babbler","Panay Striped Babbler",null,null,"central Philippines (montane forest of Panay)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716232","pasbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pasbab2","avibase-E87556DB",null,null,"elev. 1530 m, 11 8' N, 122 13' E, 1.1 km SSW of Mt Baloy, Barrangay San Agustrin, Municipality of Valderrama, Antique Province, Panay, Philippines","A new species of Stachyris babbler (Aves: Timaliidae) from the Island of Panay, Philippines.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol102/iss3/2/","Stachyris latistriata"],["24043","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Megazosterops","Stresemann, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cleptornis palauensis [Reichenow, 1915]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0151-0159.pdf#page=9","Megazosterops"],["24044","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Megazosterops palauensis","(Reichenow, 1915)","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.1 p.125","Giant White-eye","Giant White-eye","Giant White-eye",null,null,"Palau Archipelago (Babelthuap, Urukthapel, and Peleliu)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714341","giweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giweye1","avibase-B1C8FC63",null,null,"Babeldzuap [Babeldaob], Palau.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/133/mode/1up","Cleptornis palauensis"],["24045","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia","Hartlaub, 1865","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.73 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Heleia muelleri [Hartlaub, 1865]; type by subsequent designation (Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 146).",null,"Monogrophischer Versuch über die Gattung Zosterops","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/38/mode/1up","Heleia"],["24046","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia pinaiae","(Stresemann, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.5","Grey-hooded Heleia","Gray-hooded Heleia","Grey-hooded White-eye",null,null,"tree-fern forest of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714311","gyhwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhwhe1","avibase-B0B39351",null,null,"Gunung Pinaia, central Ceram.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species of Starling and of other new species from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/29/mode/1up","Oreosterops pinaiae"],["24047","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia javanica","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.156","Javan Heleia","Javan Heleia","Javan Grey-throated White-eye",null,null,"montane Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714295","jgtwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jgtwhe1","avibase-23A7AB57",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/175/mode/1up","Sylvia Javanica"],["24048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia javanica frontalis","(Reichenbach, 1852)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.9 (Meropinae) p.94, pl. 463",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Java (Mount Karang and Mount Pangrango-Gedeh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-819E65BD",null,null,"'Port Essington,' [= W. Java] ; restricted to Mt. Gedeh by Bartels and Stresemann, 1929, Treubia, 11, p. 143.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/120/mode/1up","Zosterops frontalis"],["24049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia javanica javanica","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1A66559",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/175/mode/1up","Sylvia Javanica"],["24050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia javanica elongata","(Stresemann, 1913)","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far eastern Java (Idjen Plateau) and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B3E1619",null,null,"Gunung Bratan, Bali.","Die Vögel von Bali. Aus den zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/386/mode/1up","Oreosterops javanica elongata"],["24051","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamifrons","(Sharpe, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.323","Pygmy Heleia","Pygmy Heleia","Pygmy White-eye",null,null,"montane moss forest of northern Borneo (Sabah)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714319","pyweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pyweye1","avibase-1A31DD7F",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Sarawak.","Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. C. Hose on Mount Dulit in N.W. Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/355/mode/1up","Zosterops squamifrons"],["24052","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia goodfellowi","(Hartert, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.13","Mindanao Heleia","Mindanao Heleia","Mindanao White-eye",null,null,"montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714303","minwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minwhe1","avibase-B34CCF13",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 8,000 ft., Mindanao.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/493/mode/1up","Zosterops goodfellowi"],["24053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia goodfellowi gracilis","(Mees, 1969)","Zoologische Verhandelingen 102 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Hilong Hilong on northeastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81C95E19",null,null,"Mt. Hilong-Hilong, 1350 m, Diuata Mountains, north-eastern Mindanao","A systematic review of the Indo-Australian Zosteropidae (Part 3).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317693","Lophozosterops goodfellowi gracilis"],["24054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia goodfellowi goodfellowi","(Hartert, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mountains Apo, Matutum, Mayo, Katanglad, on Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C6D86FE",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 8,000 ft., Mindanao.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/493/mode/1up","Zosterops goodfellowi"],["24055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia goodfellowi malindangensis","(Mearns, 1909)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Malindang on Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61658C6B",null,null,"Mt. Malindang.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/551/mode/1up","Zosterops goodfellowi malindangensis"],["24056","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamiceps","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.70","Sulawesi Heleia","Sulawesi Heleia","Streak-headed White-eye",null,null,"montane Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714299","sthwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthwhe1","avibase-5149A050",null,null,"peak of Bonthain.","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the mountains of southern Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/88/mode/1up","Chlorocharis squamiceps"],["24057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamiceps heinrichi","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Sulawesi (Tentolo-Matinan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F18FA705",null,null,"Matinan Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. III. Zur Ornithologie des Matinang-Gebirges auf der Nordhalbinsel von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0077-0085.pdf#page=6","Pseudozosterops squamiceps heinrichi"],["24058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamiceps striaticeps","(Riley, 1918)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA69DC4B",null,null,"Gunung Lehio.","Two new genera and eight new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/197/mode/1up","Lophozosterops striaticeps"],["24059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamiceps stresemanni","(van Marle, 1940)","Limosa 13 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05C1E5A4",null,null,"Soputan, western Minahassa, northern Celebes.","Aanteekeningen omtrent de vogels van de Minahasa (N. O.-Celebes).",null,"Pseudozosterops squamiceps stresemanni"],["24060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamiceps stachyrina","(Stresemann, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Sulawesi (Latimojong Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1B3AEB9",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=4","Pseudozosterops squamiceps stachyrina"],["24061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamiceps squamiceps","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi (Lompobattang Massif)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3172313",null,null,"peak of Bonthain.","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the mountains of southern Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/88/mode/1up","Chlorocharis squamiceps"],["24062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia squamiceps analoga","(Stresemann, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sulawesi (Mengkoka Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39EF5CCB",null,null,"Mengkoka Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=4","Pseudozosterops squamiceps analoga"],["24063","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia wallacei","(Finsch, 1901)","Das Tierreich: eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen 15 p.23","Yellow-spectacled Heleia","Yellow-spectacled Heleia","Yellow-spectacled White-eye",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Flores, Komodo, Sumba, and Lomblen)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714115","ysweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ysweye1","avibase-EAE691C1",null,null,"Flores.","Fam. Zosteropidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16006#page/41/mode/1up","Z[osterops] wallacei"],["24064","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia muelleri","Hartlaub, 1865","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.73 p.26","Timor Heleia","Timor Heleia","Spot-breasted White-eye",null,null,"lowlands of western Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714327","timwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timwhe1","avibase-B5D365E9",null,null,"Timor.","Monographischer Versuch über die Gattung Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/38/mode/1up","H[eleia] Mülleri"],["24065","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia crassirostris","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.172 pl.3","Thick-billed Heleia","Flores Heleia","Thick-billed White-eye",null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Flores and Sumbawa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714323","flowhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flowhe1","avibase-2F3B27C1",null,null,"southern Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/190/mode/1up","Zosterops crassirostris"],["24066","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia dohertyi","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.568","Crested Heleia","Dark-crowned Heleia","Crested White-eye",null,null,"Sumbawa to Flores (western and central Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714315","dacwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dacwhe1","avibase-65C5881A",null,null,"Tambora, Sumbawa.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/620/mode/1up","Lophozosterops dohertyi"],["24067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia dohertyi dohertyi","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.568",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (mountains of Sumbawa and Satonda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3844541",null,null,"Tambora, Sumbawa.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/620/mode/1up","Lophozosterops dohertyi"],["24068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia dohertyi subcristata","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (mountains of Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF4B2773",null,null,"southern Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/189/mode/1up","Lophozosterops subcristatus"],["24069","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia superciliaris","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.172 pl.3","Eyebrowed Heleia","Eyebrowed Heleia","Cream-browed White-eye",null,null,"montane Sumbawa and Flores (western and central Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714307","whbwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwhe1","avibase-6A8BDC5E",null,null,"southern Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/190/mode/1up","Zosterops superciliaris"],["24070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia superciliaris hartertiana","(Rensch, 1928)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumbawa (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8303E02E",null,null,"Batu Dulang, Sumbawa.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln I. Aus den Ergebnissen der Sunda-Expedition.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0006-0010.pdf#page=3","Zosterops superciliaris hartertiana"],["24071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Heleia superciliaris superciliaris","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.172 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DA656D2",null,null,"southern Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/190/mode/1up","Zosterops superciliaris"],["24072","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Tephrozosterops","Stresemann, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 2 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tephras stalkeri [Ogilvie-Grant, 1910]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Tephrozosterops"],["24073","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Tephrozosterops stalkeri","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.90","Rufescent Darkeye","Rufescent White-eye","Bicoloured White-eye",null,null,"montane epiphyte forest of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714285","rufwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufwhe1","avibase-44F9A3C9",null,null,"Gunung Karopi, central Ceram.","Descriptions of three new species of birds collected by the late Mr. W. Stalker in Ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/362/mode/1up","Tephras stalkeri"],["24074","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Rukia","Momiyama, 1922","Birds of Micronesia p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tephras ruki [Hartert, E, 1897]; type by original designation and virtual tautonymy",null,null,null,"Rukia"],["24075","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Rukia ruki","(Hartert, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.5","Teardrop White-eye","Teardrop White-eye","Teardrop White-eye",null,null,"forest and scrub of Chuuk (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714275","trweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trweye1","avibase-C5B02511",null,null,"Ruk Island.","[Exhibition of a new species of Tephras from the island of Ruk, in the Caroline group].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/443/mode/1up","Tephras ruki"],["24076","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Rukia longirostra","(Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1931)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 43 p.599","Long-billed White-eye","Long-billed White-eye","Long-billed White-eye",null,null,"mountains of Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714271","lbweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lbweye2","avibase-C66F1853",null,null,"Ponape.","On two new Birds from the Caroline Islands.",null,"Cinnyrorhyncha longirostra"],["24077","genus","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops","Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla maderaspatana [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 1, p. 286).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/243/mode/1up","Zosterops"],["24078","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops ceylonensis","Holdsworth, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.2 p.459 pl.20 fig.2","Sri Lanka White-eye","Sri Lanka White-eye","Sri Lanka White-eye",null,null,"montane forest of Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714023","ceywhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceywhe1","avibase-20BD1814",null,null,"Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon.","Catalogue of the Birds found in Ceylon ; with some Remarks on their Habits and Local Distribution, and Descriptions of two New Species peculiar to the Island'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/521/mode/1up","Zosterops ceylonensis"],["24079","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.170","Javan White-eye","Javan White-eye","Javan White-eye",null,null,"mangroves and bamboo belt of coastal northwestern Java and southeastern Borneo",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714082","jaweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jaweye2","avibase-78053B6F",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/189/mode/1up","Dicaeum flavum"],["24080","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops olivaceus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.185 sP","Reunion Olive White-eye","Reunion Olive White-eye","Reunion Olive White-eye",null,null,"forest of Réunion (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714000","reuwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reuwhe1","avibase-769F157D",null,null,"Madagascar [error].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/189/mode/1up","Certhia olivacea"],["24081","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops chloronothos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 9 p.408","Mauritius Olive White-eye","Mauritius Olive White-eye","Mauritius Olive White-eye",null,null,"highlands of Mauritius (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714005","mauwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mauwhe1","avibase-094FE346",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60110#page/424/mode/1up","Dicaeum chloronothos"],["24082","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops mouroniensis","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.221","Karthala White-eye","Karthala White-eye","Mount Karthala White-eye",null,null,"Grand Comoro Island (montane heath of Mount Karthala)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713976","coweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coweye1","avibase-7BB0A730",null,null,"Angazija, Grande Comore.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/227/mode/1up","Zosterops mouroniensis"],["24083","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops mauritianus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.981","Mauritius Grey White-eye","Mauritius Gray White-eye","Mauritius Grey White-eye",null,null,"Mauritius (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888890","maswhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maswhe3","avibase-25BD316A",null,null,"Isle de France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/482/mode/1up","Motacilla mauritiana"],["24084","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops borbonicus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.41","Reunion Grey White-eye","Reunion Gray White-eye","Reunion Grey White-eye",null,null,"Réunion (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888874","maswhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maswhe2","avibase-68B28107",null,null,"Réunion (Based on Brisson III p. 510 pl. 28 fig. 3)","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[57],%22panX%22:0.487,%22panY%22:0.999,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.204}","Motacilla borbonica"],["24085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops borbonicus alopekion","Storer & Gill, 1966","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 648 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands of Réunion",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15524A61",null,null,"one km. north of Cilaos, 1,500 m.. Reunion.","A revision of the mascarene white-eye, Zosterops borbonica (Aves).","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/57084","Zosterops borbonica alopekion"],["24086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops borbonicus borbonicus","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, eastern slopes of Réunion",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46ADD68D",null,null,"Réunion (Based on Brisson III p. 510 pl. 28 fig. 3)","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[57],%22panX%22:0.487,%22panY%22:0.999,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.204}","Motacilla borbonica"],["24087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops borbonicus xerophilus","Storer & Gill, 1966","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 648 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"western coast of Réunion",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD02B218",null,null,"fitang Sale les Bains, sea level, Reunion.","A revision of the mascarene white-eye, Zosterops borbonica (Aves).","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/57084","Zosterops borbonica xerophila"],["24088","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops semiflavus","Newton, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.354","Marianne White-eye","Marianne White-eye","Marianne White-eye",null,null,"formerly Marianne Island (Seychelles); extinct, ca. 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889951","marwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwhe1","avibase-28A814F4",null,null,"Marianne Island.","On the Land-Birds of the Seychelles Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/384/mode/1up","Zosterops semiflava"],["24089","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.49, vol.3 pl.293 fig.3 sP","Indian White-eye","Indian White-eye","Indian White-eye",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, secondary growth, and mangroves, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China, and southward to Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Indochina, and disjunctly in coastal southern Iran and Mahawt Island (Oman); montane populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155155950","indwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indwhe1","avibase-0BD6646B",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/334/mode/1up","Sylvia palpebrosa"],["24090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus occidentis","Ticehurst, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan eastward to western Himalayas, and northern and central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79F459E5",null,null,"Simla.","Notes on Halcyon smyrnensis smyrnensis and descriptions of new races of White-Eye.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/124/mode/1up","Zosterops palpebrosa occidentis"],["24091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus palpebrosus","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.49, vol.3 pl.293 fig.3 sP",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Himalayas eastward to southern China (Sichuan and Yunnan) and Myanmar; isolated populations on Mahawt Island, Oman, and in southern Iran have been assigned to nominate palpebrosus, although this requires confirmation",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FEC3098",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/334/mode/1up","Sylvia palpebrosa"],["24092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus nilgiriensis","Ticehurst, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Western Ghats); most populations elsewhere in southern Peninsular India are more or less similar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B36D8BF",null,null,"Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills.","Notes on Halcyon smyrnensis smyrnensis and descriptions of new races of White-Eye.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/125/mode/1up","Zosterops palpebrosa nilgiriensis"],["24093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus salimalii","Whistler, 1933","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 p.811",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern India (southeastern Hyderabad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEF09E4D",null,null,"Farahabad, 2,688 ft., southeastern Hyderabad.","Description of a new race of the White-eye (Zosterops palpebrosa).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188001#page/452/mode/1up","Zosterops palpebrosa salimalii"],["24094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus egregius","Madarász, 1911","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 9 p.422, pl. XVI, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCDC150B",null,null,"Kandy, Ceylon.","Description of some new birds from Ceylon.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1911_Vol_9_420.pdf","Zosterops egregia"],["24095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus siamensis","Blyth, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar eastward through Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23BDEAC3",null,null,"Tenasserim (yellow-bellied).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/52/mode/1up","Z[osterops] siamensis"],["24096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops palpebrosus nicobaricus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands, south to Nancowry and Katchal islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A06DD4C9",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/109/mode/1up","Z[osterops] nicobaricus"],["24097","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stuhlmanni","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.54","Green White-eye","Green White-eye",null,"2025-1000","The <em>Zosterops senegalensis</em> complex is split into five species based mostly on Martins et al. (2020): polytypic<em> Z. senegalensis; </em>polytypic <em>Z. stuhlmanni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. anderssoni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. kasaicus; </em>and monotypic <em>Z. stenocricotus</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data consistently recover members of the<em> Z. senegalensis sensu lato </em>complex as non-monophyletic (Melo et al. 2011; Cox et al. 2014; Martins et al. 2020) leading to the recognition of five species. However, geographic sampling is limited and supporting information from genomic data, which may provide an additional perspective on species limits in this complex, are lacking.","foothill to montane forest edge, open woodland, and plantations, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda southward to Burundi and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,"afywhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afywhe3","avibase-33C35018",null,null,"Bukoba.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/68/mode/1up","Zosterops stuhlmanni"],["24098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stuhlmanni stuhlmanni","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Tanzania to Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F1F74AE",null,null,"Bukoba.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/68/mode/1up","Zosterops stuhlmanni"],["24099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stuhlmanni reichenowi","Dubois, 1911","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 2, 3ème Année, no.22 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (mountains northwest of Lake Tanganyika and southwest of Lake Kivu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21FE5292",null,null,"Baraka.","Descriptions d'oiseaux nouveaux du Congo belge.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/38/mode/1up","Zosterops virens reichenowi"],["24100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stuhlmanni toroensis","Reichenow, 1904","Journal für Ornithologie 52, no.1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EC33E52",null,null,"Kitamba, Uvamba [= Bwamba district, Uganda] .","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101586#page/145/mode/1up","Zosterops toroensis"],["24101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stuhlmanni scotti","Neumann, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Bwindi area (western Uganda) and above 3000 m in the Virunga Volcanos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DDD5F14",null,null,"Ruwenzori, 8,000 ft., Yerua Forest.","Neue und wenig bekannte afrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/40/mode/1up","Zosterops scotti"],["24102","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stenocricotus","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.191-193","Forest White-eye","Forest White-eye",null,"2025-1000","The <em>Zosterops senegalensis</em> complex is split into five species based mostly on Martins et al. (2020): polytypic<em> Z. senegalensis; </em>polytypic <em>Z. stuhlmanni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. anderssoni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. kasaicus; </em>and monotypic <em>Z. stenocricotus</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data consistently recover members of the<em> Z. senegalensis sensu lato </em>complex as non-monophyletic (Melo et al. 2011; Cox et al. 2014; Martins et al. 2020) leading to the recognition of five species. However, geographic sampling is limited and supporting information from genomic data, which may provide an additional perspective on species limits in this complex, are lacking.","lowland to montane open woodland, forest clearings and edge, riverine thickets, and wooded swamps, from southeastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), eastward to northern Republic of the Congo, and southward to Gabon",null,null,null,"afywhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afywhe1","avibase-28458566",null,null,"Buea, 950 m., Cameroon Mountain.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/205/mode/1up","Zosterops senegalensis stenocricota"],["24103","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops brunneus","(Salvadori, 1903)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 18, no.442 p.1","Fernando Po Speirops","Bioko Speirops","Bioko Speirops",null,null,"Bioko Island (Pico Basilé)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713915","fepspe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fepspe1","avibase-5784EE2F",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Caratteri di due nuove specie di Uccelli di Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226531#page/111/mode/1up","Speirops brunnea"],["24104","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kikuyuensis","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.11 p.444","Kikuyu White-eye","Kikuyu White-eye","Kikuyu White-eye",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, forest edge, bamboo thickets, and wooded gardens, in highlands of central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891215","brrwhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrwhe3","avibase-6483A467",null,null,"Kikuyu.","Diagnoses of new Species of Birds from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/476/mode/1up","Zosterops kikuyuensis"],["24105","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops senegalensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.399","Northern Yellow White-eye","Northern Yellow White-eye",null,"2025-1000","The <em>Zosterops senegalensis</em> complex is split into five species based mostly on Martins et al. (2020): polytypic<em> Z. senegalensis; </em>polytypic <em>Z. stuhlmanni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. anderssoni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. kasaicus; </em>and monotypic <em>Z. stenocricotus</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data consistently recover members of the<em> Z. senegalensis sensu lato </em>complex as non-monophyletic (Melo et al. 2011; Cox et al. 2014; Martins et al. 2020) leading to the recognition of five species. However, geographic sampling is limited and supporting information from genomic data, which may provide an additional perspective on species limits in this complex, are lacking.","lowland to montane open woodland, wooded savanna, and thornscrub, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, and southward to northern Republic of the Congo, and highlands of Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,"afywhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afywhe2","avibase-86F34425",null,null,"Africa occident. Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/621/mode/1up","Zosterops senegalensis"],["24106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops senegalensis senegalensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Uganda, northern Congo, northern Eritrea, and northwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA8685F9",null,null,"Africa occident. Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/621/mode/1up","Zosterops senegalensis"],["24107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops senegalensis jacksoni","Neumann, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.23-24",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya and northern Tanzania (Loliondo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7F48F9D",null,null,"Mau, Kenya.","Neue und wenig bekannte afrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/39/mode/1up","Zosterops jacksoni"],["24108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops senegalensis demeryi","Büttikofer, 1890","Notes from the Leyden Museum XII, Note XXXIV p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Liberia and Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C5A40CC",null,null,"Robertsport, Liberia.","Zoological researches in Liberia. On a series of birds, collected by Mr. A. T. Demery in the District of Grand Cape Mount.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37354#page/214/mode/1up","Zosterops demeryi"],["24109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops senegalensis gerhardi","van den Elzen & König, 1983","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 34 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern South Sudan and northeastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8E9CE7B",null,null,"Imaton Mountains, Sudan [=South Sudan]","Vögel des (Süd-)Sudan: taxonomische und tiergeographische Bemerkungen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156201#page/600/mode/1up","Zosterops poliogaster gerhardi"],["24110","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops poliogastrus","Heuglin, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.12 p.357","Ethiopian White-eye","Ethiopian White-eye","Ethiopian White-eye","2025-1001","Taxon <em>kaffensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>kulalensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Zosterops poliogastrus</em> based mostly on mitochondrial DNA evidence (Martins et al. 2020), and apparent parapatry between nominate <em>kaffensis </em>and <em>poliogastrus</em>. Although sometimes split into three species, the status of the isolated taxon <em>kulalensis </em>remains uncertain as it is somewhat intermediate in plumage between <em>poliogastrus </em>and <em>kaffensis</em>, but larger than both; further research needed.","foothill to montane woodland, forest edges, patches of trees in steppe, cultivation, and gardens, from Eritrea southward through Ethiopia highlands, and disjunctly in highlands of southeastern South Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891168","heuwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heuwhe2","avibase-A2ED4AA2",null,null,"highlands of Abyssinia.","On a new African Species of the Genus Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/405/mode/1up","Zosterops poliogastra"],["24111","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kaffensis","Neumann, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.10","Kafa White-eye","Kafa White-eye",null,"2025-1001","Taxon <em>kaffensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>kulalensis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Zosterops poliogastrus</em> based mostly on mitochondrial DNA evidence (Martins et al. 2020), and apparent parapatry between nominate <em>kaffensis </em>and <em>poliogastrus</em>. Although sometimes split into three species, the status of the isolated taxon <em>kulalensis </em>remains uncertain as it is somewhat intermediate in plumage between <em>poliogastrus </em>and <em>kaffensis</em>, but larger than both; further research needed.","foothill to montane forest edges and cultivation, in southwestern Ethiopia and northern Kenya (Mount Kulal)",null,null,null,"kafwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kafwhe1","avibase-52C60399",null,null,"Anderatscha, Kaffa.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Süd-Äthiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/30/mode/1up","Zosterops kaffensis"],["24112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kaffensis kaffensis","Neumann, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western and southern Ethiopia (south of Lake Tana, west of Omo River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D93363E",null,null,"Anderatscha, Kaffa.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Süd-Äthiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/30/mode/1up","Zosterops kaffensis"],["24113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kaffensis kulalensis","Williams, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.5 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kenya (Mount Kulal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38EA4555",null,null,"Kulal Mountain.","A new Race of White-eye from Kenya Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/137/mode/1up","Zosterops pallida kulalensis"],["24114","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops melanocephalus","Gray, 1862","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.444","Mount Cameroon Speirops","Mount Cameroon Speirops","Mount Cameroon Speirops",null,null,"submontane to montane forest clearings and edge, bushy thickets, and scrub in highland grassland on Mt. Cameroon (southwestern Cameroon)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713904","camspe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camspe1","avibase-2F6AB5CF",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain, 7,000 ft.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/460/mode/1up","Zosterops (Speirops) melanocephala"],["24115","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops eurycricotus","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.55","Broad-ringed White-eye","Kilimanjaro White-eye","Kilimanjaro White-eye",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, forest edge, and wooded towns, in Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Meru, and adjacent highlands (northern Tanzania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891241","brrwhe8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrwhe8","avibase-A23B8E7A",null,null,"am Fusz des Maeru-Berg (Massai) [=Mt. Meru].","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/67/mode/1up","Zosterops eurycricotus"],["24116","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops ficedulinus","Hartlaub, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.327","Principe White-eye","Principe White-eye","Principe White-eye",null,null,"Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103890694","satwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satwhe1","avibase-59C09710",null,null,"hilly parts of Principe Island.","Synopsis of the Birds of Ilha do Principe, with some Remarks on their Habits and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/417/mode/1up","Zosterops ficedulina"],["24117","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops griseovirescens","Bocage, 1893","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (2), 3 p.18","Annobon White-eye","Annobon White-eye","Annobon White-eye",null,null,"Annobón (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713989","anweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anweye1","avibase-19ABB1C4",null,null,"Annobon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54846#page/26/mode/1up","Zosterops griseovirescens"],["24118","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops feae","Salvadori, 1901","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 16, no.414 p.1","Sao Tome White-eye","Sao Tome White-eye","Sao Tome White-eye",null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103890794","satwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satwhe2","avibase-0EE77B43",null,null,"St. Thomas Island [= São Tome].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43058#page/279/mode/1up","Zosterops feae"],["24119","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lugubris","Hartlaub, 1848","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.109","Black-capped Speirops","Black-capped Speirops","Black-capped Speirops",null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713910","blcspe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcspe1","avibase-9A1A058C",null,null,"São Thome.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/119/mode/1up","Zosterops lugubris"],["24120","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops leucophaeus","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.71 sP","Principe Speirops","Principe Speirops","Principe Speirops",null,null,"lowlands of Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713919","prispe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prispe1","avibase-9A08376E",null,null,"'Gabon' [error for Principe] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/145/mode/1up","Parinia leucophoea"],["24121","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops mbuluensis","Sclater & Moreau, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.13","Mbulu White-eye","Mbulu White-eye","Mbulu White-eye",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, and forest edge, in southern Kenya (Namanga and Chyulu hills) and northern Tanzania highlands (from Mt. Hanang, Mbulu and Crater Highlands, Mt. Ketumbeine and Longido eastward to northern Pare Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891253","brrwhe9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrwhe9","avibase-086290D2",null,null,"Oldeani.","Account of Mr. R. E. Moreau's recent expedition to the central northern highlands of Tanganyika Territory, and description of one new species and five new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/47/mode/1up","Zosterops mbuluensis"],["24122","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavilateralis","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.192, 193","Pale White-eye","Pale White-eye","Kenya White-eye",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry woodland, forest edge, and thornscrub, from southern Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward through lowlands of Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889267","whbwhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwhe3","avibase-F80D69C2",null,null,"East Africa [type in Berlin Museum from Ndi, Teita].","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/206/mode/1up","Zosterops flavilateralis"],["24123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavilateralis flavilateralis","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.192, 193",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Ethiopia to eastern Kenya and east-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8C8D2CE",null,null,"East Africa [type in Berlin Museum from Ndi, Teita].","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/206/mode/1up","Zosterops flavilateralis"],["24124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavilateralis jubaensis","Erlanger, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia to Somalia and far northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-963A8003",null,null,"Damasso.","Einige neue Arten aus Nordostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/200/mode/1up","Zosterops jubaensis"],["24125","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops mayottensis","Schlegel, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.3 p.422","Mayotte White-eye","Mayotte White-eye","Chestnut-sided White-eye","2025-1003","Taxa within the <em>Zosterops maderaspatanus</em> complex are treated as conspecific based on available evidence. Sometimes split into four species (polytypic <em>maderaspatanus</em>, and monotypic <em>comorensis</em>, <em>anjuanensis</em>, and <em>aldabrensis</em>) on the basis of morphological and vocal differences, based on mitochondrial DNA data (Warren et al. 2006; Melo et al. 2011; Martins et al. 2020) they form a poorly resolved cluster along with <em>Z. mayottensis</em> and <em>Z. kirki</em>. In the absence of clear phenotypic, behavioral, or ecological criteria to delimit species within the <em>Z. maderaspatanus</em> complex, the four taxa are best retained as a single species pending further research. A thorough vocal analysis and a genomic DNA perspective would be informative.","Mayotte (Comoros)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713944","maywhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maywhe1","avibase-A2DA598E",null,null,"Mayotte.","[List of the most remarkable species of Mammals and Birds collected by Messrs. Fr. Pollen and D. C. van Dam in Madagascar].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/512/mode/1up","Zosterops mayottensis"],["24126","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kirki","Shelley, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.4 p.676, deleted by Burt.","Kirk's White-eye","Kirk's White-eye","Kirk's White-eye","2025-1003","Taxa within the <em>Zosterops maderaspatanus</em> complex are treated as conspecific based on available evidence. Sometimes split into four species (polytypic <em>maderaspatanus</em>, and monotypic <em>comorensis</em>, <em>anjuanensis</em>, and <em>aldabrensis</em>) on the basis of morphological and vocal differences, based on mitochondrial DNA data (Warren et al. 2006; Melo et al. 2011; Martins et al. 2020) they form a poorly resolved cluster along with <em>Z. mayottensis</em> and <em>Z. kirki</em>. In the absence of clear phenotypic, behavioral, or ecological criteria to delimit species within the <em>Z. maderaspatanus</em> complex, the four taxa are best retained as a single species pending further research. A thorough vocal analysis and a genomic DNA perspective would be informative.","Grand Comoro Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889885","kirwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kirwhe1","avibase-7ACE42C3",null,null,"Grande Comore.","On a Collection of Birds from the Comoro Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/454/mode/1up","Zosterops kirki"],["24127","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops modestus","Newton, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.345","Seychelles White-eye","Seychelles White-eye","Seychelles White-eye",null,null,"forest of Mahé and Conception Island (Seychelles); reintroduced to Frégate, Cousin, and North islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714018","seywhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seywhe1","avibase-FDCF5A86",null,null,"Mahe.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from the Seychelles Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/367/mode/1up","Zosterops modesta"],["24128","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops maderaspatanus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334 sP","Malagasy White-eye",null,"Madagascar White-eye","2025-1003","Taxa within the <em>Zosterops maderaspatanus</em> complex are treated as conspecific based on available evidence. Sometimes split into four species (polytypic <em>maderaspatanus</em>, and monotypic <em>comorensis</em>, <em>anjuanensis</em>, and <em>aldabrensis</em>) on the basis of morphological and vocal differences, based on mitochondrial DNA data (Warren et al. 2006; Melo et al. 2011; Martins et al. 2020) they form a poorly resolved cluster along with <em>Z. mayottensis</em> and <em>Z. kirki</em>. In the absence of clear phenotypic, behavioral, or ecological criteria to delimit species within the <em>Z. maderaspatanus</em> complex, the four taxa are best retained as a single species pending further research. A thorough vocal analysis and a genomic DNA perspective would be informative.","Madagascar, Europa Island, Cosmoledo Atoll, and Isles Glorieuses, Mohéli and Anjouan islands (Comoros), and Aldabra and Astove islands (Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889860",null,null,"avibase-D33950C3",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla maderaspatana"],["24129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops maderaspatanus anjuanensis","Newton, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"wooded and disturbed habitats in Anjouan (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC6E9F03",null,null,"Anjuan Island [=Nzwani], Comoro Islands","On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Anjuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/391/mode/1up","Zosterops anjouanensis"],["24130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops maderaspatanus maderaspatanus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334 sP",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar and Isles Glorieuses",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-704A5DDC",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla maderaspatana"],["24131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops maderaspatanus comorensis","Shelley, 1900","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"wooded and disturbed habitats in Mohéli (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFF1C79B",null,null,"Grand Comoro Island ; error for Moheli Island (fide Benson, 1960, Ibis, 103b, p. 90).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/212/mode/1up","Zosterops comorensis"],["24132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops maderaspatanus voeltzkowi","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Europa Island (southern Mozambique Channel)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8B55958",null,null,"Europa Island.","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/194/mode/1up","Zosterops völtzkowi"],["24133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops maderaspatanus menaiensis","Benson, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Cosmoledo and Astove atolls (Seychelles Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73DE91D7",null,null,"Menai Island, Cosmoledo Atoll","The white-eye Zosterops maderaspatana (Linn.) of Menai Island, Cosmoledo Atoll.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/51/mode/1up","Zosterops maderaspatana menaiensis"],["24134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops maderaspatanus aldabrensis","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1008 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra (Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-539CB2B2",null,null,"Aldabra Island [Seychelles].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/409/mode/1up","Zosterops aldabrensis"],["24135","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops vaughani","Bannerman, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.41","Pemba White-eye","Pemba White-eye","Pemba White-eye",null,null,"lowland mangrove forest, coral rag thickets, plantations, and gardens, on Pemba and adjacent coral islets (off northeastern Tanzania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713939","peweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peweye1","avibase-E359D080",null,null,"Pemba Island.","Description of a new species of White-eye from Pemba Island (north of Zanzibar).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/69/mode/1up","Zosterops vaughani"],["24136","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops silvanus","Peters & Loveridge, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48 p.77","Taita White-eye","Taita White-eye","Taita White-eye",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest edge, forest remnants and adjacent scrub, and wooded gardens on Mt. Kasigau and Taita Hills (southeastern Kenya)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713957","brrwhe4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrwhe4","avibase-B24BD4A1",null,null,"Mt. Mbololo, 4,800 ft., Taita.","New Birds from Kenya Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/103/mode/1up","Zosterops silvanus"],["24137","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops pallidus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.294","Orange River White-eye","Orange River White-eye","Orange River White-eye",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane open hilly country with scattered trees, wooded savanna, acacia thickets, riverine and coastal dune scrub, and wooded gardens, from far southern Angola southward through Namibia to northwestern South Africa, and eastward to north-central South Africa; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889573","capwhe6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capwhe6","avibase-6AA90803",null,null,"South Africa; restricted to 10 miles east of Prieska, Cape Province, by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1957, Ostrich, 28, p. 174.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/306/mode/1up","Zosterops pallida"],["24138","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kasaicus","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.15","Angola White-eye","Angola White-eye",null,"2025-1000","The <em>Zosterops senegalensis</em> complex is split into five species based mostly on Martins et al. (2020): polytypic<em> Z. senegalensis; </em>polytypic <em>Z. stuhlmanni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. anderssoni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. kasaicus; </em>and monotypic <em>Z. stenocricotus</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data consistently recover members of the<em> Z. senegalensis sensu lato </em>complex as non-monophyletic (Melo et al. 2011; Cox et al. 2014; Martins et al. 2020) leading to the recognition of five species. However, geographic sampling is limited and supporting information from genomic data, which may provide an additional perspective on species limits in this complex, are lacking.","lowland to foothill open woodland and savanna, acacia thickets, and plantations, from western and central Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to northern and western Angola",null,null,null,"noywhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noywhe2","avibase-BA056A20",null,null,"Luluabourg, Kasai district.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Zosterops stenocricotus kasaicus"],["24139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kasaicus kasaicus","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"central Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kasai) to northeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E2AD8F8",null,null,"Luluabourg, Kasai district.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Zosterops stenocricotus kasaicus"],["24140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kasaicus heinrichi","Meise, 1958","Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 2 (1957) p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Angola (Cuanza Norte and Cuanza Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF01BE75",null,null,"Canzele, Cuanza Norte, Angola.","Über neue Hühner, Specht und Singvogelrassen von Angola.",null,"Zosterops senegalensis heinrichi"],["24141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kasaicus quanzae","Meyer de Schauensee, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 84 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola (Malanje to central highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10494E93",null,null,"Quanza River, Angola.","A collection of Birds from south-western Africa.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064127","Zosterops virens quanzae"],["24142","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops virens","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.101","Cape White-eye","Cape White-eye","Cape White-eye",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland and savanna, acacia thickets, and dune scrub, from southwestern Botswana, northeastern South Africa, and far southwestern Mozambique southward through southern and southwestern South Africa, and Eswatini and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889606","capwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capwhe2","avibase-19469B66",null,null,"Caffraria [type in Stockholm Museum from Port Natal (= Durban) ] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/111/mode/1up","Zosterops virens"],["24143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops virens capensis","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (eastward to western Eastern Cape), Lesotho, and western KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C8416F5",null,null,"in regione urbis Capensis' [type in Stockholm Museum from Rondebosch].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/112/mode/1up","Zosterops capensis"],["24144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops virens virens","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Botswana, southwestern Mozambique, eastern South Africa (southward to eastern Eastern Cape), and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F71B81D",null,null,"Caffraria [type in Stockholm Museum from Port Natal (= Durban) ] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/111/mode/1up","Zosterops virens"],["24145","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops winifredae","Moreau & Sclater, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.14","South Pare White-eye","South Pare White-eye","South Pare White-eye",null,null,"submontane to montane tree-heath at forest edge, forest clearings, and low heath, in South Pare Mountains (northeastern Tanzania)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713953","brrwhe10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrwhe10","avibase-EF6C3AEF",null,null,"Chome, South Pare' Mountains.","Exhibition and description, on behalf of Mr. R. E. Moreau and himself, of two new birds, a Crimson-Wing and a White-eye, from northern Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/52/mode/1up","Zosterops winifredae"],["24146","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops anderssoni","Shelley, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.5","Southern Yellow White-eye","Southern Yellow White-eye",null,"2025-1000","The <em>Zosterops senegalensis</em> complex is split into five species based mostly on Martins et al. (2020): polytypic<em> Z. senegalensis; </em>polytypic <em>Z. stuhlmanni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. anderssoni; </em>polytypic <em>Z. kasaicus; </em>and monotypic <em>Z. stenocricotus</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data consistently recover members of the<em> Z. senegalensis sensu lato </em>complex as non-monophyletic (Melo et al. 2011; Cox et al. 2014; Martins et al. 2020) leading to the recognition of five species. However, geographic sampling is limited and supporting information from genomic data, which may provide an additional perspective on species limits in this complex, are lacking.","lowland to montane woodland, wooded savanna, and plantations, from far western Democratic Republic of the Congo to eastern Tanzania, and southward to northern Namibia to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,"afywhe4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afywhe4","avibase-ABDC4E76",null,null,"Damaraland [type in British Museum from Elephant Vley] .","New species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/31/mode/1up","Zosterops anderssoni"],["24147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops anderssoni anderssoni","Shelley, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Angola and northern Namibia eastward to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, southwestern Tanzania, the Zimbabwe plateau, and northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7053FBE1",null,null,"Damaraland [type in British Museum from Elephant Vley] .","New species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/31/mode/1up","Zosterops anderssoni"],["24148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops anderssoni tongensis","Roberts, 1931","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14, pt.3 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zimbabwe, far eastern South Africa (northern Limpopo to northeastern KwaZulu-Natal), and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A712890",null,null,"Manaba, northern Zululand.","Some new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_638","Zosterops flavilateralis tongensis"],["24149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops anderssoni stierlingi","Reichenow, 1899","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.3 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern and southern Tanzania, Malawi, eastern Zambia, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D3AE44D",null,null,"Iringa in Uhehe.","[Über einige afrikanische Vogelarten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/428/mode/1up","Zosterops stierlingi"],["24150","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops hypolais","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.95","Plain White-eye","Plain White-eye","Yap Plain White-eye",null,null,"forest and scrub of Yap (northwestern Caroline Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714053","plweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plweye1","avibase-645B1F93",null,null,"Yap.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/125/mode/1up","Zosterops hypolais"],["24151","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops auriventer","Hume, 1878","Stray Feathers 6, no.1-6 p.519,text","Hume's White-eye","Hume's White-eye","Hume's White-eye",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, scrub, and plantations, from southern Myanmar eastward to Cambodia, and southward through Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155156040","humwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humwhe1","avibase-2BB4714C",null,null,"Tavoy, Tenasserim.","A Revised List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/539/mode/1up","Z[osterops] auriventer"],["24152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops auriventer auriventer","Hume, 1878","Stray Feathers 6, no.1-6 p.519,text",null,null,null,null,null,"poorly known; documented only from southeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBA50972",null,null,"Tavoy, Tenasserim.","A Revised List of the Birds of Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/539/mode/1up","Z[osterops] auriventer"],["24153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops auriventer tahanensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C03CBD2C",null,null,"Gunong Tahan, Malay Peninsula.","Description of new Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/434/mode/1up","Zosterops tahanensis"],["24154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops auriventer wetmorei","Deignan, 1943","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 28, no.4 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand and the northern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E0443C7",null,null,"Chong, near Trang.","The avian genus Zosterops in Siam, with description of one new race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207643#page/458/mode/1up","Zosterops atricapilla wetmorei"],["24155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops auriventer medius","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Ibis ser.11, vol.5, no.1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFD1B482",null,null,"Gunong Sidong, southwestern Sarawak.","On some Zosteropidae, with the description of a new Race.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1923.tb08099.x","Zosterops aureiventer media"],["24156","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops semperi","Hartlaub, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.117","Citrine White-eye","Caroline Islands White-eye","Citrine White-eye",null,null,"Palau, Chuuk, and Pohnpei (Caroline Islands, western and central Micronesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714056","ciweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciweye1","avibase-D3C0D13C",null,null,"Palau Islands.","Additional Notes on the Ornithology of the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/163/mode/1up","Zosterops semperi"],["24157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops semperi semperi","Hartlaub, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau (Babelthuap, Koror, Garakayo, and Palau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DE08431",null,null,"Palau Islands.","Additional Notes on the Ornithology of the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/163/mode/1up","Zosterops semperi"],["24158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops semperi owstoni","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"Chuuk (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66A20F82",null,null,"Truk (=Ruk, Chuuk), Carolines","The birds of Ruk in the Central Carolines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/16/mode/1up","Zosterops semperi owstoni"],["24159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops semperi takatsukasai","Momiyama, 1922","Birds of Micronesia p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Pohnpei (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B3BDCB6",null,null,"Ponape.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/40/mode/1up","Zosterops semperi takatsukasai"],["24160","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops everetti","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.762","Everett's White-eye","Everett's White-eye","Everett's White-eye",null,null,"Talaud Islands (northeast of Sulawesi), Visayas (except westernmost), Mindanao group, and Sulu Archipelago (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155179593","evweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/evweye1","avibase-FDD7405C",null,null,"Cebu.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/482/mode/1up","Zosterops everetti"],["24161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops everetti boholensis","McGregor, 1908","The Philippine Journal of Science 3 no.4 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Calicoan, and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1933DBF",null,null,"Bohol [Philippines]","Some necessary changes in the names of Philippine birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111121#page/415/mode/1up","Zosterops boholensis"],["24162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops everetti everetti","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.762",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Cebu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E67D1172",null,null,"Cebu.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/482/mode/1up","Zosterops everetti"],["24163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops everetti basilanicus","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Basilan, Dinagat, Mindanao, Siargao, and Camiguin Sur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C81523E0",null,null,"Basilan, Samar, Leyte ; restricted to Basilan by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 146.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/25/mode/1up","Zosterops Basilanica"],["24164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops everetti siquijorensis","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Siquijor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D139BFB",null,null,"Siquijor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/25/mode/1up","Zosterops siquijorensis"],["24165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops everetti mandibularis","Stresemann, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17, heft 2 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Sulu, Tawitawi, Jolo, Bongao, and Sanga Sanga, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E08D68FB",null,null,"Maimbun, Sulu.","Die Zosteropiden der indo-australischen Region.",null,"Zosterops palpebrosa mandibularis"],["24166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops everetti babelo","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.9 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (Karakelong and Salebabu) and northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFDBB45B",null,null,"Karakelong, Talaut.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/84/mode/1up","Zosterops babelo"],["24167","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.286","Yellowish White-eye","Yellowish White-eye","Yellowish White-eye",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group, East Visayas, Mindanao, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714071","yelwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelwhe1","avibase-6A7982E0",null,null,"Valencia, Negros.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. V. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Negros.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/354/mode/1up","Zosterops nigrorum"],["24168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum richmondi","McGregor, 1904","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Cagayancillo Islands (southeast of Palawan, southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE39BE4E",null,null,"Cagayancillo Island [Philippines]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/183/mode/1up","Zosterops richmondi"],["24169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum meyleri","McGregor, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Camiguin Norte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA983744",null,null,"Camiguin Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/464/mode/1up","Zosterops meyleri"],["24170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum aureiloris","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northwestern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-546F1388",null,null,"Lepanto, northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/266/mode/1up","Zosterops aureiloris"],["24171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum innominatus","Finsch, 1901","Das Tierreich: eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen 15 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northeastern and central Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-448B722C",null,null,"Philippinen (Luzon).","Zosteropidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16006#page/49/mode/1up","Zosterops innominata"],["24172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum luzonicus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (southeastern Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2580030B",null,null,"Mayon Volcano, Luzon.","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Zosterops from South Luzon].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/248/mode/1up","Zosterops luzonica"],["24173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum catarmanensis","Rand & Rabor, 1969","Fieldiana Zoology 51 no.13 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Camiguin Sur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-669AC319",null,null,"Catarman Mountain, Catarman, Camiguin South Island, 2000-4500 ft. alt.), Philippine Islands","New birds from Camiguin South, Philippines. --","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20901#page/17/mode/1up","Zosterops nigrorum catarmanensis"],["24174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum nigrorum","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Masbate, Negros, Ticao, Panay and Caluya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11642782",null,null,"Valencia, Negros.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. V. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Negros.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/354/mode/1up","Zosterops nigrorum"],["24175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nigrorum mindorensis","Parkes, 1971","Nemouria 4 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C240314",null,null,"North Slope of Mt. Halcon, Mindoro, Philippines","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/130/mode/1up","Zosterops nigrorum mindorensis"],["24176","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops emiliae","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.392","Mountain Blackeye","Mountain Black-eye","Mountain Black-eye",null,null,"montane northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714332","mouble1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouble1","avibase-BFA09720",null,null,"Kinabalu, Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/420/mode/1up","Chlorocharis emiliae"],["24177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops emiliae emiliae","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B1E55DA",null,null,"Kinabalu, Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/420/mode/1up","Chlorocharis emiliae"],["24178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops emiliae trinitae","(Harrisson, 1957)","The Sarawak Museum Journal 7 (23) p.520",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Mount Trus Madi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51B81D0E",null,null,"Mt. Trus Madi, 7,900 ft., North Borneo.","A new Mountain Black-eye (Chlorocharis) from North Borneo.",null,"Chlorocharis emiliae trinitae"],["24179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops emiliae fusciceps","(Mees, 1954)","Ardea 42 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Borneo (northeastern Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93ED4B81",null,null,"Maga Mountains, Ulu Trusan, Sarawak.","A new White-eye from Borneo: Chlorocharis emiliae fusciceps, nov. subspec.","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1476","Chlorocharis emiliae fusciceps"],["24180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops emiliae moultoni","(Chasen & Kloss, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Borneo (western Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F740389C",null,null,"Mt. Poi, westernmost Sarawak.","Descriptions of three new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/81/mode/1up","Chlorocharis emiliae moultoni"],["24181","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops minutus","Layard, 1878","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.1, no.5 p.375","Small Lifou White-eye","Small Lifou White-eye","Small Lifou White-eye",null,null,"forest and scrub of Lifou (central Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714254","slweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slweye1","avibase-2BABE802",null,null,"Lifu.","XLII. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Island of Lifu, New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88434#page/395/mode/1up","Zosterops minuta"],["24182","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops simplex","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.12 p.331,text","Swinhoe's White-eye","Swinhoe's White-eye","Swinhoe's White-eye",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill deciduous or mixed forest, thickets, secondary growth, scrub, mangroves, and gardens, from eastern Myanmar eastward to eastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to northern Vietnam, and from coastal Thailand and southern Vietnam southward to Malayan Peninsula, coastal Borneo, and Sumatra and satellite islands; some northern populations migrate to Indochina; introduced to urban southern California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155158152","swiwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swiwhe1","avibase-B1AC8066",null,null,"southern China ; restricted to Hong Kong by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 120.","Notes on Ornithology taken between Takoo and Peking, in the neighbourhood of the Peiho River, Province of Chelee, North China, from August to December, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/375/mode/1up","Z[osterops] simplex"],["24183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops simplex simplex","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.12 p.331,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in eastern China (from far southern Gansu eastward to Jiangsu, southward to eastern Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian), Taiwan, and northeastern Vietnam; northern populations migratory, wintering from southeastern China to Thailand and central Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E48425F9",null,null,"southern China ; restricted to Hong Kong by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 120.","Notes on Ornithology taken between Takoo and Peking, in the neighbourhood of the Peiho River, Province of Chelee, North China, from August to December, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/375/mode/1up","Z[osterops] simplex"],["24184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops simplex hainanus","Hartert, 1923","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1, Nachtrag 1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96F0E669",null,null,"No Tai, Hainan.",null,null,"Z[osterops] palp[ebrosa] hainana"],["24185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops simplex erwini","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal forest of western and southeastern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, the Riau, Bangka, and Natuna islands; population of coastal western Borneo provisionally assigned here, but possibly a distinct taxon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44172D3B",null,null,"South Natuna Island.","Nine new races of Natuna Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328589/em-nine-new-races-of-natuna-birds-em","Zosterops palpebrosa erwini"],["24186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops simplex williamsoni","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 3 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand and east coast of northern and central Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38E539E7",null,null,"Meklong, central Siam.","On a new form of White-eye from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45078#page/399/mode/1up","Zosterops palpebrosa williamsoni"],["24187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops simplex salvadorii","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.2 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano and Mega islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CD079F6",null,null,"Enggano [Indonesia]","Beschreibung einiger neuen Vögel der Celébes-Region","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/125/mode/1up","Z[osterops] salvadorii"],["24188","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops meyeni","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.398","Lowland White-eye","Lowland White-eye","Lowland White-eye",null,null,"islands southeast of Taiwan, and northern and central Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714037","loweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/loweye2","avibase-4F96B6A7",null,null,"Luzon, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/618/mode/1up","Zosterops meyeni"],["24189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops meyeni batanis","McGregor, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 no.5 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"Lüdao (Green) and Lan-yü (Orchid) Islands (southeast of Taiwan) and Batan Islands (far northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C58EEDED",null,null,"Batan Island, northern Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/459/mode/1up","Zosterops batanis"],["24190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops meyeni meyeni","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and east-central Philippines (Calayan, Luzon, Lubang, Verde, Marinduque, Banton and Caluya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72190A13",null,null,"Luzon, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/618/mode/1up","Zosterops meyeni"],["24191","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.57, pl.22","Warbling White-eye","Warbling White-eye","Mountain White-eye",null,null,"disjunctly from lowland to montane forest, woodland, secondary growth, parks and gardens, from southern Sakhalin (Russia) southward to coastal South Korea, Japan and satellite islands, Philippines, and in Indonesia from Sumatra eastward to Java, Bali, and Lesser Sundas eastward to Timor, and on Sulawesi and Wallacea; introduced to Singapore, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (Japan), and Hawaiian Islands (all main islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155158005","warwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/warwhe1","avibase-D0E2DCAD",null,null,"Japan; restricted to Decima, Nagasaki by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 99.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/67/mode/1up","Zosterops japonicus"],["24192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus japonicus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.57, pl.22",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Sakhalin, Japan, and the southern Korean Peninsula; partially migratory, withdrawing from Sakhalin and northern Japan in the nonbreeding season",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D78898D",null,null,"Japan; restricted to Decima, Nagasaki by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 99.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/67/mode/1up","Zosterops japonicus"],["24193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus stejnegeri","Seebohm, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.273-274",null,null,null,null,null,"Izu Islands (southern Japan); introduced to Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-329FBF15",null,null,"Hachijo-shima, Seven Islands.","Description of a new Species of Zosterops from the Seven Islands, Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/305/mode/1up","Zosterops stejnegeri"],["24194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus alani","Hartert, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Iwo (Volcano) Islands (Iwo Jima and Minami-iwo-Jima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D8629A5",null,null,"South Dionisio [= Iwo Jima] , Volcano Islands.","Two new birds from the Volcano Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/655/mode/1up","Zosterops palpebrosa alani"],["24195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus insularis","Ogawa, 1905","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 5, pt.4 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Ryukyu Islands (Tanegashima and Yakushima, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CDB6095",null,null,"Tanegashima and Yakushima; restricted to Tanegashima by Hartert, 1921, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 2100.","Notes on Mr. Alan Owston's collection of birds from the islands lying between Kinsin and Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/152505#page/208/mode/1up","Zosterops japonica insularis"],["24196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus loochooensis","Tristram, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.229,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Iriomote (Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A24DFC39",null,null,"Loo Choo Islands [= Okinawa] .","Some Stray Ornithological Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/259/mode/1up","Z[osterops] simplex var. loochooensis"],["24197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus daitoensis","Kuroda, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"Daito Islands (Philippine Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-545FBD62",null,null,"Minami-Daitojima, Borodino Islands.","Description of new forms from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/526/mode/1up","Zosterops palpebrosa daitoensis"],["24198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus obstinatus","Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.2 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan (west of Halmahera), and Obi (northern Moluccas) and Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B691922B",null,null,"Batjan, 4,000 ft. [Buru Island?]","The birds of Buru, being a list of collections made on that island by Messrs. William Doherty and Dumas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/252/mode/1up","Zosterops obstinatus"],["24199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus montanus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi, and southern Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF5A05F0",null,null,"Sumatra [= Mt. Merapi, Padang Highlands, Sumatra, fide Mees, op. cit., p. 184],",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/618/mode/1up","Z[osterops] montana"],["24200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus difficilis","Robinson & Kloss, 1918","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8, pt.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEC618FE",null,null,"Mt. Dempo, southern Sumatra (based on Robinson, 1899, Bull. Liverpool Mus., 2, p. 47, pl. 1, and Sharpe, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 191).","Results of an expedition to Korinchi Peak, Sumatra. Part II. Birds.",null,"Zosterops difficilis"],["24201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus parkesi","du Pont, 1971","Nemouria 3 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E297194",null,null,"Mt. Mantalingajar, Palawan, P.I., elevation 5500-6000 ft.","Notes on Philippine birds (N° 1).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/66/mode/1up","Zosterops montana parkesi"],["24202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus whiteheadi","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C1598A5",null,null,"Lepanto, Luzon.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/493/mode/1up","Zosterops whiteheadi"],["24203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus diuatae","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (northern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55041E8F",null,null,"Mt. Hilong-Hilong, 1,350 m., Diuata Mountains, Agusan, Mindanao.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Zosterops montana diuatae"],["24204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus vulcani","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Apo and Mount Katanglad on Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EC2925B",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 8,000 ft., Mindanao.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/494/mode/1up","Zosterops whiteheadi vulcani"],["24205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus pectoralis","Mayr, 1945","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 30, no.3 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (northern Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DBCC19C",null,null,"Canloan Volcano, 6,000 ft., Negros.","Notes on the taxonomy of the birds of the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215764#page/158/mode/1up","Zosterops montana pectoralis"],["24206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops japonicus halconensis","Mearns, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 (5), section A p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA8A89E0",null,null,"Mt. Halcon, Mindoro.","Descriptions of a new genus and nine new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/486/mode/1up","Zosterops halconensis"],["24207","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atricapilla","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.215","Black-capped White-eye","Black-capped White-eye","Black-capped White-eye",null,null,"montane Sumatra and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714060","bkcwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcwhe1","avibase-72F7680A",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/221/mode/1up","Zosterops atricapilla"],["24208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atricapilla viridicatus","Chasen, 1941","Treubia 18, Suppl. p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AF8C0B8",null,null,"Mt. Leuser, Atjeh.","The Birds of the Netherlands Indian Mt. Leuser expedition, 1937, to North Sumatra.",null,"Zosterops atricapilla viridicata"],["24209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atricapilla atricapilla","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southern Sumatra and northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-166B7739",null,null,"Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/221/mode/1up","Zosterops atricapilla"],["24210","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops erythropleurus","Swinhoe, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.19 p.294,note sP","Chestnut-flanked White-eye","Chestnut-flanked White-eye","Chestnut-flanked White-eye",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia and southwestern to northeastern China; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714027","cfweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cfweye1","avibase-03E6F144",null,null,"northern China [= Shanghai and Tientsin, cf. Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 204].","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 219.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/324/mode/1up","Zosterops erythropleurus"],["24211","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops socotranus","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.59","Socotra White-eye","Socotra White-eye",null,"2025-1002","Taxon <em>socotranus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Zosterops abyssinicus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Martins et al. (2020), supported by minor plumage differences. Additional information from vocalizations, behavior, and genomic DNA are needed to affirm this split.","lowland to foothill semi-evergreen woodland, thornscrub, and gardens on Socotra; apparently endemic to Socotra, as populations in Somalia may be a yet-unnamed species",null,null,null,"abywhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abywhe1","avibase-6190D877",null,null,"Dahamis, Socotra.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/85/mode/1up","Zosterops abyssinica socotrana"],["24212","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops abyssinicus","Guérin-Méneville, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.162 sP","Abyssinian White-eye","Abyssinian White-eye",null,"2025-1002","Taxon <em>socotranus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Zosterops abyssinicus</em> based on the mitochondrial DNA data of Martins et al. (2020), supported by minor plumage differences. Additional information from vocalizations, behavior, and genomic DNA are needed to affirm this split.","lowland to foothill open woodland in southern Arabian Peninsula, and from northeastern Sudan and Eritrea southward to Ethiopia, and eastward to Djibouti and western Somalia",null,null,null,"wbweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbweye1","avibase-8C2C2D5B",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Oiseaux nouveaux d'Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/170/mode/1up","Zosterops abyssinicus"],["24213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops abyssinicus abyssinicus","Guérin-Méneville, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.162 sP",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Sudan, Eritrea, and northern and central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B31E9D4A",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Oiseaux nouveaux d'Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/170/mode/1up","Zosterops abyssinicus"],["24214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops abyssinicus arabs","Lorenz von Liburnau & Hellmayr, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Asir Mountains of southern Arabian Peninsula (southwestern Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and southwestern Oman); localized mangrove-dwelling population on Red Sea coast of far southwestern Saudi Arabia believed also to represent Z. a. arabs",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3823BEB4",null,null,"Yeshbum.","Einige neue Arten aus dem südlichen Arabien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/49/mode/1up","Zosterops arabs"],["24215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops abyssinicus omoensis","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32B0EE55",null,null,"Senti Valley, between Uba and Gofa.","Fünf neue Vögel von Nordost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/178/mode/1up","Zosterops omoensis"],["24216","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops anomalus","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.1 p.12","Black-ringed White-eye","Black-ringed White-eye","Black-ringed White-eye",null,null,"hills of southwestern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714110","bkrwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkrwhe1","avibase-C02EB43E",null,null,"southern peninsula of Celebes; restricted to Makassar by Mees, 1961, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 50, p. 56.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/28/mode/1up","Zosterops anomala"],["24217","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kuehni","Hartert, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.82","Ambon White-eye","Ambon White-eye","Ambon White-eye",null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram and Ambon)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714155","ambwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ambwhe1","avibase-E59BD52D",null,null,"Amboina.","On a new species of Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/108/mode/1up","Zosterops kühni"],["24218","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops mysorensis","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.116","Biak White-eye","Biak White-eye","Biak White-eye",null,null,"mountains of Supiori and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714140","biweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biweye1","avibase-AABD6DAF",null,null,"Korido, Biak, Schouten Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/132/mode/1up","Zosterops mysorensis"],["24219","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops natalis","(Lister, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.4, no.35 p.523 pl.27","Christmas White-eye","Christmas Island White-eye","Christmas Island White-eye",null,null,"Christmas Island; introduced Cocos (Keeling) Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714078","ciweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciweye2","avibase-21DB781C",null,null,"Christmas Island.","On the Natural History of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/609/mode/1up","Urospizias natalis"],["24220","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops consobrinorum","Meyer, 1904","Notes from the Leyden Museum 24 p.234","Pale-bellied White-eye","Sulawesi White-eye","Pale-bellied White-eye",null,null,"southeastern peninsula of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714107","sulwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulwhe1","avibase-2C539D2C",null,null,"southeastern peninsula of Celebes.","Vögel von Südost Celébes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37353#page/256/mode/1up","Zosterops consobrinorum"],["24221","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops meratusensis","Irham, Haryoko, Shakya et al., 2022","Journal für Ornithologie 163, no.2 p.575-588","Meratus White-eye","Meratus White-eye","Meratus White-eye",null,null,"Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan, southeastern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216557421","merwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/merwhe1","avibase-A8E088F0",null,null,"Indonesia, Kalimantan Selatan Prov- ince, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, Summit trail to Mount Besar, 2.7228 S 115.5931 E, 1350 m asl; habitat: disturbed montane forest; collected 14 May 2017","Description of two new bird species from the Meratus Mountains of southeast Borneo, Indonesia","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10336-021-01937-2","Zosterops meratusensis"],["24222","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavissimus","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.29-30","Wakatobi White-eye","Wakatobi White-eye","Wakatobi White-eye","2025-0766","Taxon <em>flavissimus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Zosterops chloris</em> based on an integrative analysis of plumage, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (O’Connell et al. 2019b).","Wakatobi (Tukangbesi) Islands, southeast of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216915661","lebwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lebwhe2","avibase-F9D288FC",null,null,"Binongka Island, Tukang-Besi group, SE of Celebes","On the Birds collected on the Tukang-Besi Islands and Buton, south-east of Celebes, by Mr. Heinrich Kühn.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/43/mode/1up","Zosterops flavissima"],["24223","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops chloris","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.398","Lemon-bellied White-eye","Lemon-bellied White-eye","Lemon-bellied White-eye","2025-0766","Taxon <em>flavissimus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Zosterops chloris</em> based on an integrative analysis of plumage, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (O’Connell et al. 2019b).","islets north of Java and west of Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, central and southern Moluccas,and islands off western New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216915583","yebwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebwhe1","avibase-D61C0011",null,null,"Banda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/618/mode/1up","Z[osterops] chloris"],["24224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops chloris maxi","Finsch, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.2 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Karimata Islands (off southwestern Borneo), islets south and east of Belitung, Seribu, Karimunjawa, Gili (off Bawean Island), Laut Kecil, Kangean, and Menjangan (off northwestern Bali) islands, Nusa Penida, and Lombok",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2668CC4",null,null,"Duizend Eilanden, opposite northwestern corner of Java.","Neue Arten zur javanischen Ornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/326/mode/1up","Zosterops Maxi"],["24225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops chloris intermedius","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi to Muna, Buton, Flores, and Sumbawa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C5988E4",null,null,"Makassar and Lombok ; restricted to Makassar by Walden, 1872, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8, p. 72.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/593/mode/1up","Zosterops intermedia"],["24226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops chloris mentoris","Meise, 1952","Journal für Ornithologie 93, no.3-4 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67E9D7EF",null,null,"Rano Lindu, central Celebes.","Zosterops intermedia mentoris nom. nov.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01950662","Zosterops intermedia mentoris"],["24227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops chloris chloris","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"Tayandu and Kai islands (Banda Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2EF3442",null,null,"Banda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/618/mode/1up","Z[osterops] chloris"],["24228","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops nehrkorni","Blasius, 1888","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.37 p.86","Sangihe White-eye","Sangihe White-eye","Sangihe White-eye",null,null,"Sangihe Islands (north of Sulawesi)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728605","sanwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sanwhe1","avibase-73789C73",null,null,"Great Sanghir.",null,null,"Zosterops Nehrkorni"],["24229","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops somadikartai","Indrawan, Rasmussen & Sunarto, 2008","Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120 1-9.","Togian White-eye","Togian White-eye","Togian White-eye",null,null,"Togian Islands (off Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736183","togwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/togwhe1","avibase-2BAED570",null,null,"Pulau Malenge (00 15' S, 122 03' E, c. 50 m asl), Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, collected 27 July 2003 by MI","A new White-eyed (Zosterops) from the Togian Islands, Sulawesi, Indonesia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232663159","Zosterops somadikartai"],["24230","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atrifrons","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.493","Black-crowned White-eye","Black-crowned White-eye","Black-crowned White-eye",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Banggai and Sula islands (east of Sulawesi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714119","bcweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcweye2","avibase-BE5D6964",null,null,"Menado, North Celebes.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/593/mode/1up","Zosterops atrifrons"],["24231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atrifrons atrifrons","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"montane northern Sulawesi; birds from east-central peninsula may belong here",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66E8AE29",null,null,"Menado, North Celebes.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/593/mode/1up","Zosterops atrifrons"],["24232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atrifrons surdus","Riley, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32, no.16 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB750ADB",null,null,"Rano Lindu.","Six new birds from Celebes and Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/119/mode/1up","Zosterops atrifrons surda"],["24233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atrifrons subatrifrons","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.2 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8063002F",null,null,"Peling Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/51/mode/1up","Zosterops subatrifrons"],["24234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atrifrons sulaensis","Neumann, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09D37C76",null,null,"Taliabu.","Two new Races from Sula Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/186/mode/1up","Zosterops atrifrons sulaensis"],["24235","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops meeki","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.4 p.528","Tagula White-eye","Tagula White-eye","Tagula White-eye",null,null,"uplands of Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea); status unknown",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714131","wtweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtweye1","avibase-11AF29B9",null,null,"Sudest Island.","On the birds collected on Sudest Island in the Louisiade Archipelago by Albert S. Meek.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/552/mode/1up","Zosterops meeki"],["24236","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops minor","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.115","Black-fronted White-eye","Black-fronted White-eye",null,"2025-0768","Taxon <em>chrysolaemus </em>(polytypic, including <em>delicatulus </em>and <em>gregarius</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Zosterops minor</em> pending further research. Although phenotypic variation within this complex is pronounced it is unclear how many species are involved or their taxonomic limits; a comprehensive morphological, behavioral, and genetic review is required.","New Guinea, including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"bfweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bfweye1","avibase-CCF12C24",null,null,"Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/131/mode/1up","Zosterops albiventer minor"],["24237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops minor minor","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70(1874) p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern New Guinea (Cyclops, Sepik, and Snow Mountains), including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-926C7453",null,null,"Jobi.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/131/mode/1up","Zosterops albiventer minor"],["24238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops minor rothschildi","Stresemann & Paludan, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central New Guinea (Weyland Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39B10D9E",null,null,"Gebroeders Mountains, Weyland Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-32. II. Zur Ornithologie des Weyland-Gebirges in Niederländisch-Neuguinea.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0043-0046.pdf#page=2","Zosterops minor rothschildi"],["24239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops minor chrysolaemus","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.954",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern New Guinea (Arfak Mountains and Onin Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E54D31A9",null,null,"Profi, Mansema, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/960/mode/1up","Zosterops chrysolaema"],["24240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops minor gregarius","Mayr, 1933","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 41 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EFF8B99",null,null,"Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula.","Der Formenkreis Zosterops minor.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_41_0050-0061.pdf#page=4","Zosterops minor gregaria"],["24241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops minor delicatulus","Sharpe, 1882","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 2 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea including D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7270BE50",null,null,"Moroka district, Astrolabe Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/332/mode/1up","Zosterops delicatula"],["24242","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops melanurus","Hartlaub, 1865","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.73 p.15-16","Sangkar White-eye","Sangkar White-eye","Sangkar White-eye",null,null,"Java and Bali",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155156221","sanwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sanwhe2","avibase-92519EB6",null,null,"'Borneo' ; error, Bandung, West Java, designated by Mees, 1954, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 6, p. 141.","Monographischer Versuch über die Gattung Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/27/mode/1up","Z[osterops] melanura"],["24243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops melanurus melanurus","Hartlaub, 1865","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.73 p.15-16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3FA3B12",null,null,"'Borneo' ; error, Bandung, West Java, designated by Mees, 1954, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 6, p. 141.","Monographischer Versuch über die Gattung Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/27/mode/1up","Z[osterops] melanura"],["24244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops melanurus buxtoni","Nicholson, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.10 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"western Java; a population on Sumatra also has been assigned to buxtoni, but the identification of Sumatran birds as buxtoni has been questioned",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68E55BCE",null,null,"West Java",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/199/mode/1up","Zosterops buxtoni"],["24245","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops luteus","Gould, 1843","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.11) pl.83, with text","Canary White-eye","Australian Yellow White-eye","Australian Yellow White-eye",null,null,"coastal northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714163","ayweye3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ayweye3","avibase-5A75FDA4",null,null,"Greenhill Island, Van Diemen's Gulf, off Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/345/mode/1up","Zosterops luteus"],["24246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops luteus balstoni","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Ibis ser.9, vol.3, no.12 p.663-664",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Shark Bay to northern Kimberley region, Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-595F2F9B",null,null,"Carnarvon, Sharks Bay.","On a Collection of Birds from Western Australia. With Field-notes by Mr. G. C. Shortridge.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35490#page/721/mode/1up","Zosterops balstoni"],["24247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops luteus luteus","Gould, 1843","The birds of Australia 4 (pt.11) pl.83, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (north Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland; also mouth of Burdekin River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8084BE1D",null,null,"Greenhill Island, Van Diemen's Gulf, off Coburg [=Cobourg] Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191229#page/345/mode/1up","Zosterops luteus"],["24248","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops buruensis","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.341","Buru White-eye","Buru White-eye","Buru White-eye",null,null,"mainly montane forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714151","burwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burwhe1","avibase-FA5F4790",null,null,"Buru Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/355/mode/1up","Zosterops buruensis"],["24249","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stalkeri","Ogilvie-Grant, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.96","Seram White-eye","Seram White-eye","Seram White-eye",null,null,"Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732863","serwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/serwhe1","avibase-FF493D26",null,null,"Manusela, Ceram.","Description of a new species of White-eye from Ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/368/mode/1up","Zosterops stalkeri"],["24250","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops citrinella","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.398","Ashy-bellied White-eye","Ashy-bellied White-eye","Ashy-bellied White-eye",null,null,"central Lesser Sundas, southern Moluccas, and far northeastern Australian islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155164575","asbwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asbwhe1","avibase-611D5087",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/618/mode/1up","Z[osterops] citrinella"],["24251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops citrinella citrinella","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Timor, Rote, Sawu, and Sumba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63A37723",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/618/mode/1up","Z[osterops] citrinella"],["24252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops citrinella harterti","Stresemann, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"Alor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CC53B63",null,null,"Alor.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/367/mode/1up","Zosterops palpebrosa harterti"],["24253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops citrinella albiventris","Reichenbach, 1852","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.9 (Meropinae) p.92, pl. t. 451, fig. 3298",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands, islands off northeastern Australia (small Torres Strait islands, and Great Barrier Reef islands southward to Lizard and Heron islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-197FFA6F",null,null,"Oceanien [= Warrior Island, Torres Straits, vide Mees, 1961, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 50, p. 18].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/118/mode/1up","Z[osterops] albiventris"],["24254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops citrinella unicus","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.3 p.520",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80110CCC",null,null,"Nanga Ramau, southern Flores.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/568/mode/1up","Zosterops unica"],["24255","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops dehaani","van Bemmel, 1939","Treubia 17, no.2 p.125","Morotai White-eye","Morotai White-eye","Morotai White-eye","2025-0767","Taxon <em>dehaani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Zosterops atriceps</em> (polytypic, including <em>fuscifrons</em>) based on pronounced morphological differences, supported by vocal differentiation (Rheindt &amp; Eaton 2018). Suggestions that <em>fuscifrons </em>also may warrant species recognition (Rheindt &amp; Eaton 2018) requires further corroboration.","Morotai (northern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232736915","crtwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crtwhe2","avibase-E39A9AAB",null,null,"Morotai.","Zwei neue Vögel von der Insel Morotai.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i2.2558","Zosterops dehaani"],["24256","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atriceps","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.350","Cream-throated White-eye","Cream-throated White-eye","Cream-throated White-eye","2025-0767","Taxon <em>dehaani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Zosterops atriceps</em> (polytypic, including <em>fuscifrons</em>) based on pronounced morphological differences, supported by vocal differentiation (Rheindt &amp; Eaton 2018). Suggestions that <em>fuscifrons </em>also may warrant species recognition (Rheindt &amp; Eaton 2018) requires further corroboration.","northern Moluccas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232735179","crtwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crtwhe1","avibase-B59EF5FB",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/448/mode/1up","Zosterops (?) atriceps"],["24257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atriceps fuscifrons","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"Halmahera (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DCC51AB",null,null,"Halmahera.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/353/mode/1up","Zosterops fuscifrons"],["24258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops atriceps atriceps","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Bacan (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA6B99EA",null,null,"Batjan.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/448/mode/1up","Zosterops (?) atriceps"],["24259","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops conspicillatus","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.15 pl.19 fig.1 sP","Bridled White-eye","Bridled White-eye",null,"2025-0765","The extinct taxon <em>saypani </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Zosterops conspicillatus</em> based on relatively minor differences in phenotype and mitochondrial DNA (Slikas et al. 2000). An analysis of the limited vocal material from <em>saypani </em>would be informative.","Mariana Islands",null,null,null,"brweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brweye1","avibase-AB4034D4",null,null,"Guam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/23/mode/1up","Dicaeum conspicillatum"],["24260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops conspicillatus saypani","Dubois, 1902","Synopsis avium: nouveau manuel d'ornithologie 1, 1902, fasc. 10 p.711",null,null,null,null,null,"Northern Mariana Islands (Tinian, Agiguan, and Saipan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-112437E1",null,null,"Saipan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49562#page/735/mode/1up","Zosterops conspicillata saypani"],["24261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.15 pl.19 fig.1 sP",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Guam (southern Mariana Islands); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-40846AF6",null,null,"Guam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/23/mode/1up","Dicaeum conspicillatum"],["24262","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops oleagineus","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1 p.95","Olive-colored White-eye","Yap White-eye","Yap Olive White-eye",null,null,"forest of Yap (northwestern Caroline Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714267","yapwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yapwhe1","avibase-78540AAF",null,null,"Yap.","On a fourth Collection of Birds from the Pelew and Mackenzie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/125/mode/1up","Zosterops oleaginea"],["24263","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops finschii","(Hartlaub, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.6 pl.3","Dusky White-eye","Dusky White-eye","Dusky White-eye",null,null,"woodland of Palau Archipelago (western Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714261","duweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duweye1","avibase-5DA925D4",null,null,"Palau.","On a Collection of Birds from the Pelew Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/34/mode/1up","Tephras finschii"],["24264","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops cinereus","(Kittlitz, 1832)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 1 p.6 pl.8 fig.2 sP","Kosrae White-eye","Kosrae White-eye","Kosrae White-eye",null,null,"Kosrae (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103892693","koswhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/koswhe1","avibase-6D6F6588",null,null,"Kusaie.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/14/mode/1up","Drepanis cinerea"],["24265","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops ponapensis","Finsch, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.643","Grey-brown White-eye","Pohnpei White-eye","Pohnpei White-eye",null,null,"Pohnpei (eastern Caroline Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103892720","pohwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pohwhe1","avibase-333A34AF",null,null,"Ponape.","Characters of six new Polynesian Birds in the Museum Godeffroy at Hamburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/807/mode/1up","Zosterops ponapensis"],["24266","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops gibbsi","Dutson, 2008","Ibis vol.150 p.698-716","Vanikoro White-eye","Vanikoro White-eye","Vanikoro White-eye",null,null,"Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735563","vanwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vanwhe1","avibase-9DC224C8",null,null,"at 5 m altitude at Lavaka, Vanikoro, Solomon Islands; collected and prepared by G. Dutson on 11 November 1997","A new species of White-eye Zosterops and notes on other birds from Vanikoro, Solomon Islands","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00834.x","Zosterops gibbsi"],["24267","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops hypoxanthus","Salvadori, 1881","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 16 p.623 sP","Bismarck White-eye","Bismarck White-eye","Bismarck White-eye",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, including Manus, Admiralty Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714136","bhweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhweye1","avibase-B1F46366",null,null,"New Britain.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=Se5SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA623","Zosterops hypoxantha"],["24268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops hypoxanthus hypoxanthus","Salvadori, 1881","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 16 p.623 sP",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain, Uatom, and Mioko (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0879B747",null,null,"New Britain.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=Se5SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA623","Zosterops hypoxantha"],["24269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops hypoxanthus ultimus","Mayr, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1707 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover and New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-180E9F8A",null,null,"New Hanover.","Notes on the birds of Northern Melanesia. 3. Passeres.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5352/","Zosterops minor ultima"],["24270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops hypoxanthus admiralitatis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Manus (Admiralty Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5440849B",null,null,"Manus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/146/mode/1up","Zosterops admiralitatis"],["24271","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops xanthochroa","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.161","Green-backed White-eye","Green-backed White-eye","Green-backed White-eye",null,null,"New Caledonia, including Grande Terre and Île des Pins, and Maré (eastern Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714246","gnbwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnbwhe1","avibase-D401978B",null,null,"Nu (New Caledonia).","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/223/mode/1up","Zosterops xanthochroa"],["24272","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops fuscicapilla","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.955","Capped White-eye","Capped White-eye",null,"2025-0769","Taxon <em>crookshanki </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Zosterops fuscicapilla</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a separate species based on plumage, iris color, and vocalizations, formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking and phenotypic variation within <em>crookshanki </em>indicates that further research is warranted before making any splits.","mountains of coastal northern New Guinea, including Goodenough, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"capwhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capwhe3","avibase-830B6B38",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/961/mode/1up","Zosterops fuscicapilla"],["24273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops fuscicapilla fuscicapilla","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.955",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of coastal northern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-042FBC63",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/961/mode/1up","Zosterops fuscicapilla"],["24274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops fuscicapilla crookshanki","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Goodenough, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1158F69",null,null,"Goodenough Island. D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago; November 20, 1928; Hannibal Hamlin.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Zosterops fuscicapilla crookshanki"],["24275","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops albogularis","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.44 p.75","White-chested White-eye","White-chested White-eye","White-chested White-eye",null,null,"formerly Norfolk Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded ca. 2000-2009","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714229","wcweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wcweye1","avibase-93D88F0A",null,null,"'Murrumbidgee River'; error for Norfolk Island.","Characters of a new species of Ortyx from Mexico and two new species of Zosterops from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/89/mode/1up","Zosterops albogularis"],["24276","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops novaeguineae","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.341","Papuan White-eye","New Guinea White-eye","New Guinea White-eye",null,null,"northwestern and eastern New Guinea, including Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714159","ngweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ngweye1","avibase-559F03D2",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/355/mode/1up","Zosterops novaeguineae"],["24277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops novaeguineae novaeguineae","Salvadori, 1878","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.12 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-368880EC",null,null,"Arfak Mountains, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95545#page/355/mode/1up","Zosterops novaeguineae"],["24278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops novaeguineae wuroi","Mayr & Rand, 1935","American Museum Novitates no.814 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands and Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0464954",null,null,"Wuroi, Oriomo River, Western Division, Territory of Papua; February 7, 1934; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 6. Twenty-four apparently undescribed birds from New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4098/","Zosterops novaeguineae wuroi"],["24279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops novaeguineae wahgiensis","Mayr & Gilliard, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1524 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central New Guinea (Wahgi Valley, Mount Kubor, and Bismarck Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B272B02",null,null,"Nondugl, Wahgi Valley, central highlands of New Guinea.","New species and subspecies of birds from the highlands of New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3912/","Zosterops novaeguineae wahgiensis"],["24280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops novaeguineae crissalis","Sharpe, 1884","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 9 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Astrolabe Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92D619CE",null,null,"Astrolabe Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34312#page/181/mode/1up","Zosterops crissalis"],["24281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops novaeguineae oreophilus","Mayr, 1931","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 p.671",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern New Guinea (Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03602D65",null,null,"Junzaing, Saruwaged Mountains.","Die Vögel des Saruwaged- und Herzoggebirges (N. O. Neuguinea).",null,"Zosterops novaeguineae oreophila"],["24282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops novaeguineae magnirostris","Mees, 1955","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 34 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern New Guinea (opposite Manam Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2082358B",null,null,"Awar.","Description of a new race of Zosterops novaeguineae Salvadori.","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150582","Zosterops novaeguineae magnirostris"],["24283","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops paruhbesar","Irham, Prawiradilaga, Menner et al., 2023","Ibis vol.165, no.3FALSE","Wangi-wangi White-eye","Wangi-wangi White-eye","Wangi-Wangi White-eye","2025-0906","<em>Zosterops paruhbesar </em>is recognized as a new species following Irham et al. (2022a), supported by mitochondrial DNA divergence (O'Connell et al. 2019b).","Wangi-wangi, Wakatobi (Tukangbesi) Islands, off southeastern Sulawesi",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230024402","wawwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wawwhe1","avibase-EAA91476",null,null,"Wangi-wangi, Indonesia","A distinct new species of Zosterops white-eye from the Sulawesi region, Indonesia","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ibi.13148","Zosterops paruhbesar"],["24284","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops murphyi","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.11","Kolombangara White-eye","Kolombangara White-eye","Kolombangara White-eye",null,null,"Kolombangara (central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714196","kulwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kulwhe1","avibase-80532212",null,null,"Kulambangra.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Zosterops murphyi"],["24285","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops griseotinctus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.175","Louisiade White-eye","Louisiade White-eye","Louisiade White-eye",null,null,"widely disjunct islets in Louisiade (off southeastern New Guinea) and Bismarck archipelagos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714168","loweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/loweye1","avibase-4F0136EF",null,null,"'Louisiades' = Duchateau Island.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/241/mode/1up","Zosterops griseotincta"],["24286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops griseotinctus ottomeyeri","Stresemann, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Nauna (eastern Admiralty Islands, northwest Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED565095",null,null,"Nauna Island, east of Rambutjo, Admiralty Islands.","Zosterops longirostris ottomeyeri subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0081-0090.pdf#page=10","Zosterops longirostris ottomeyeri"],["24287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops griseotinctus eichhorni","Hartert, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"widely disjunct islets in the Bismarck Archipelago, including Nissan (between New Ireland and Bougainville) and Long, Tolokiwa, and Crown (west of New Britain)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A94339C1",null,null,"Nissan [= Green] Island.","On the Birds of Feni and Nissan Islands, east of south New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/68/mode/1up","Zosterops eichhorni"],["24288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops griseotinctus griseotinctus","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima, Deboyne, Duchateau, and Conflict (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D857FD20",null,null,"'Louisiades' = Duchateau Island.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/241/mode/1up","Zosterops griseotincta"],["24289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops griseotinctus longirostris","Ramsay, 1879","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.3 p.288-289",null,null,null,null,null,"Bonvouloir, Heath, and Alcester islands (Solomon Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF679DB2",null,null,"Heath Island.","Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Parts I and II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/340/mode/1up","Zosterops longirostris"],["24290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops griseotinctus pallidipes","De Vis, 1890","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87DE52E7",null,null,"Rossel Island.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=60","Zosterops pallidipes"],["24291","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops rotensis","Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1931","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 43 p.486","Rota White-eye","Rota White-eye","Rota White-eye",null,null,"Sabena Plateau on Rota (southernmost Northern Mariana Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714047","rotwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rotwhe1","avibase-C46489FF",null,null,"Rota.","On new Birds from the Pelew and Marianne Islands.",null,"Zosterops semperi rotensis"],["24292","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops rendovae","Tristram, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.135","Makira White-eye","Makira White-eye",null,"2025-0771","<em>Zosterops rendovae</em> is treated as three monotypic species (<em>Z. rendovae, Z. hamlini</em>, and <em>Z. oblitus</em>) based on a combination of mitochondrial and genome-wide DNA data, supplemented by morphological characters (Moyle et al. 2009; Manthey et al. 2020).","Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"gytwhe5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytwhe5","avibase-2D5995C2",null,null,"Rendova Island. Composite, based on description of a Rendova Island specimen, misidentified as Tephras olivacea Ramsay, 1881, nec Certhia olivacea Linnaeus, 1766; restricted to Rendova by Tristram, 1889, Catalog Coll. Birds belonging Tristram, p. 212, and 1894, Ibis, p. 30 (see Galbraith, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 77, pp. 10-16) .","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/173/mode/1up","Zosterops rendovae"],["24293","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops oblitus","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.10-11","Guadalcanal White-eye","Guadalcanal White-eye",null,"2025-0771","<em>Zosterops rendovae</em> is treated as three monotypic species (<em>Z. rendovae, Z. hamlini</em>, and <em>Z. oblitus</em>) based on a combination of mitochondrial and genome-wide DNA data, supplemented by morphological characters (Moyle et al. 2009; Manthey et al. 2020).","Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"gytwhe4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytwhe4","avibase-E45772D3",null,null,"Guadalcanal.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 8. Notes on Birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Zosterops alberti oblita"],["24294","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops hamlini","Murphy, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.365 p.3-4","Bougainville White-eye","Bougainville White-eye","Bougainville White-eye","2025-0771","<em>Zosterops rendovae</em> is treated as three monotypic species (<em>Z. rendovae, Z. hamlini</em>, and <em>Z. oblitus</em>) based on a combination of mitochondrial and genome-wide DNA data, supplemented by morphological characters (Moyle et al. 2009; Manthey et al. 2020).","Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103892101","gytwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytwhe2","avibase-15A2A9E8",null,null,"Bougainville Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 9. Zosteropidae from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4038/","Zosterops alberti hamlini"],["24295","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops stresemanni","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.26","Malaita White-eye","Malaita White-eye","Malaita White-eye",null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714205","maweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maweye2","avibase-8F88A18F",null,null,"Malaita.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 17, The birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Zosterops stresemanni"],["24296","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops metcalfii","Tristram, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.29 pl.3","Yellow-throated White-eye","Yellow-throated White-eye","Yellow-throated White-eye",null,null,"Buka to Florida (northern and central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714199","ytweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ytweye1","avibase-B5C21FAF",null,null,"Bugotu [= Ysabel] , Solomons.","On some Birds from Bugotu, Solomon Islands, and Santa Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/61/mode/1up","Zosterops metcalfii"],["24297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops metcalfii exiguus","Murphy, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.365 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka, Bougainville, Shortland Is., and Choiseul (northwestern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A9773CC",null,null,"Shortland Island, Solomons.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 9. Zosteropidae from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4038/","Zosterops metcalfii exigua"],["24298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops metcalfii metcalfii","Tristram, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.29 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Isabel and nearby Molakobi (northern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D445766",null,null,"Bugotu [= Ysabel] , Solomons.","On some Birds from Bugotu, Solomon Islands, and Santa Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/61/mode/1up","Zosterops metcalfii"],["24299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops metcalfii floridanus","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Florida Islands (northern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C304B0",null,null,"Florida Island.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/210/mode/1up","Zosterops floridana"],["24300","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops vellalavella","Hartert, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.106","Vella Lavella White-eye","Vella Lavella White-eye","Vella Lavella White-eye",null,null,"Vella Lavella and Bagga (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714176","baweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baweye2","avibase-C8D045DD",null,null,"Vella Lavella, central Solomons.","Exhibition of examples of new birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/132/mode/1up","Zosterops vellalavella"],["24301","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops luteirostris","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.61","Gizo White-eye","Gizo White-eye","Gizo White-eye",null,null,"Gizo and Ranongga (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714185","spweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spweye2","avibase-AF7F8395",null,null,"Gizo Island.","A new Zosterops from the Solomon Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/545/mode/1up","Zosterops luteirostris"],["24302","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops kulambangrae","Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.180","Solomons White-eye","Solomons White-eye","Solomons White-eye","2025-0770","Taxon <em>tetiparius </em>(polytypic, including <em>paradoxus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Zosterops kulambangrae</em> based on genomic and morphological data (Manthey et al. 2020). Despite obvious plumage differences, genomic data indicate a recent divergence between <em>tetiparius </em>and <em>paradoxus, </em>prompting the treatment of these two as conspecific.","Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Vonavona, Kohinggo, New Georgia, Vangunu, and Nggatokae)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232637243","soiwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soiwhe2","avibase-6C021303",null,null,"Kulambangra [=Kolombangara] Island.","List of a collection of birds from Kulambangra and Florida Islands, in the Solomons Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/210/mode/1up","Zosterops kulambangrae"],["24303","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops splendidus","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.12 sP","Ranongga White-eye","Ranongga White-eye","Ranongga White-eye",null,null,"forest of Ranongga (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714180","gaweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gaweye1","avibase-0AAB8320",null,null,"Ganonga Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Zosterops splendida"],["24304","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops tetiparius","Murphy, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.365 p.7","Dark-eyed White-eye","Dark-eyed White-eye","Dark-eyed White-eye","2025-0770","Taxon <em>tetiparius </em>(polytypic, including <em>paradoxus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Zosterops kulambangrae</em> based on genomic and morphological data (Manthey et al. 2020). Despite obvious plumage differences, genomic data indicate a recent divergence between <em>tetiparius </em>and <em>paradoxus, </em>prompting the treatment of these two as conspecific.","New Georgia group (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232637624","soiwhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soiwhe3","avibase-5D2DBB73",null,null,"Tetipari Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 9. Zosteropidae from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4038/","Zosterops rendovae tetiparia"],["24305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops tetiparius paradoxus","Mees, 1955","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 33 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Rendova Island (Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C9762A5",null,null,"Rendova, Solomon Islands","The name of the white-eye from Rendova Island (Solomon Islands)","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150019","Zosterops kulambangrae paradoxa"],["24306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops tetiparius tetiparius","Murphy, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.365 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Tetepare Island (Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B77D1BA8",null,null,"Tetipari Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 9. Zosteropidae from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4038/","Zosterops rendovae tetiparia"],["24307","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lv","Silvereye","Silvereye","Silvereye",null,null,"Australia, New Zealand and outlying islands, New Caledonia, and western Pacific islands to Fiji (southwestern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714212","silver3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silver3","avibase-EA151AD8",null,null,"New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/61/mode/1up","Sylvia lateralis"],["24308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis vegetus","Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.3 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (northeastern Cape York Peninsula to Wet Tropics region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C65D07B8",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland, Australia","On some birds from Cape York, North Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/473/mode/1up","Zosterops westernensis vegeta"],["24309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis cornwalli","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Bowen, northeastern Queensland, northern Queensland, to Hunter River, New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12976A09",null,null,"Mackay, mid-Queensland.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/409/mode/1up","Zosterops lateralis cornwalli"],["24310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus","Campbell & White, 1910","The Emu 10 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Capricorn and Bunker islands, east of southern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-882767F3",null,null,"Capricorn Group, off Rockhampton, Queensland.","Birds identified on the Capricorn group during the expedition of the R.A.O.U., 8th to 17th October, 1910.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84566#page/258/mode/1up","Zosterops chlorocephalus"],["24311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis westernensis","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.215, pl. 11, fig. 4",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern New South Wales to central Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF951802",null,null,"Western Port, Victoria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/273/mode/1up","Dacnis westernensis"],["24312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.294 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Lord Howe Island (east of Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32B9523C",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","On some New Species of Birds collected by Mr. M'Gillivray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/968/mode/1up","Zosterops tephropleurus"],["24313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis lateralis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lv",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tasmania (southeastern Australia) and Flinders Island (northeast of Tasmania); winters coastal eastern Australia; colonized New Zealand about 1832 and Norfolk Island (east of Australia) in 1904",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B20801D5",null,null,"New South Wales",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/61/mode/1up","Sylvia lateralis"],["24314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis ochrochrous","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.691",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (King Island, northwest of Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43534AC2",null,null,"Pegarah State Forest, King Is. [Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Zosterops lateralis ochrochrous"],["24315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis pinarochrous","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.691",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Eyre Peninsula to northwestern Victoria and southwestern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A444BF6B",null,null,"summit ridge of north end of Tothill Range, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Zosterops lateralis pinarochrous"],["24316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis chloronotus","Gould, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.94 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (Shark Bay to southwestern South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A7907D1",null,null,"? Swan River, southwestern Australia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/891/mode/1up","Zosterops chloronotus"],["24317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis griseonota","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Grande Terre and Île des Pins (New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BB43847",null,null,"Nu (New Caledonia).","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/223/mode/1up","Zosterops griseonota"],["24318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis nigrescens","Sarasin, 1913","Nova Caledonia. Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. Recherches scientifiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie et aux iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie 1, Lief. 1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa and Maré; New Caledonia); populations on each island may be distinct genetically so may merit taxonomic revision",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C123E52C",null,null,"Mare and Uvea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29836#page/50/mode/1up","Zosterops lateralis nigrescens"],["24319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis melanops","Gray, 1860","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Lifou (Loyalty Islands; New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D5732AA",null,null,"'Loyalty Is.' [=Lifu.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/27/mode/1up","Zosterops melanops"],["24320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis tropicus","Mees, 1969","Zoologische Verhandelingen 102 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Espiritu Santo Island (Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73FE8BDD",null,null,"Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides [=Vanuatu]","A systematic review of the Indo-Australian Zosteropidae (Part 3).","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317693","Zosterops lateralis tropica"],["24321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis vatensis","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"Malekula to Tanna (central and southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8CC970C",null,null,"Efate.","On a Collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/496/mode/1up","Zosterops vatensis"],["24322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis valuensis","Murphy & Mathews, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.356 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Lava Island (Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43117A43",null,null,"Valua Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3946/","Zosterops lateralis valuensis"],["24323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lateralis flaviceps","Peale, 1849","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.95, pl. 25, fig. 5",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B771D74C",null,null,"Vanua Levu, Fiji.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/115/mode/1up","Zosterops flaviceps"],["24324","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops grayi","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.494","Kai Besar White-eye","Kai Besar White-eye","Kai Besar White-eye",null,null,"Kai Besar (Kai Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714100","grkwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grkwhe1","avibase-49B5530A",null,null,"Kei Island.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/594/mode/1up","Zosterops grayi"],["24325","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops uropygialis","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.78","Kai Kecil White-eye","Kai Kecil White-eye","Kai Kecil White-eye",null,null,"Kai Kecil (Kai Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714103","likwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/likwhe1","avibase-BA6338B7",null,null,"Little Kei.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/92/mode/1up","Zosterops uropygialis"],["24326","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops sanctaecrucis","Tristram, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.31","Santa Cruz White-eye","Santa Cruz White-eye","Santa Cruz White-eye",null,null,"Nendö (northern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714208","sacwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacwhe1","avibase-7CCB5F90",null,null,"Santa Cruz Island.","On some Birds from Bugotu, Solomon Islands, and Santa Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/63/mode/1up","Zosterops sanctae-crucis"],["24327","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops lacertosus","(Murphy & Mathews, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.356 p.13","Sanford's White-eye","Sanford's White-eye","Sanford's White-eye",null,null,"woodland and scrub of Nendö (northern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714338","saweye2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saweye2","avibase-464C12B0",null,null,"Santa Cruz Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3946/","Sanfordia lacertosa"],["24328","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops superciliosus","(North, 1906)","The Victorian Naturalist 23 p.104","Bare-eyed White-eye","Bare-eyed White-eye","Bare-eyed White-eye",null,null,"open woodland of Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714335","beweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beweye1","avibase-BA48DD2D",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Description of a new genus and species of Honey-eater from Rennell Island, Solomon Group.",null,"Woodfordia superciliosa"],["24329","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.944","Vanuatu White-eye","Vanuatu White-eye","Vanuatu White-eye",null,null,"Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714242","yfweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yfweye1","avibase-880E409F",null,null,"Tanna, New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/445/mode/1up","Muscicapa flavifrons"],["24330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons gauensis","Murphy & Mathews, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.356 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Gaua (Banks Islands, northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A57AA7B0",null,null,"Gaua.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3946/","Zosterops flavifrons gauensis"],["24331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons perplexus","Murphy & Mathews, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.356 p.3-4",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Lava (Banks Islands, northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC9BA514",null,null,"Ambrym Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3946/","Zosterops flavifrons perplexa"],["24332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons brevicauda","Murphy & Mathews, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.356 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Espiritu Santo and Malo (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58CCAE75",null,null,"Malo Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3946/","Zosterops flavifrons brevicauda"],["24333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons macgillivrayi","Sharpe, 1900","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.22 p.345-346",null,null,null,null,null,"Malekula (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72B2C00D",null,null,"Malekula.","On a Collection of Birds made by Captain A. M. Farquhar, R.N., in the New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/399/mode/1up","Zosterops macgillivrayi"],["24334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons efatensis","Mayr, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.912 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"Nguna, Éfaté, and Erromango (south-central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E23FC25",null,null,"Efate Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 32. On a collection from Tanna, New Hebrides.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3847/","Zosterops flavifrons efatensis"],["24335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons flavifrons","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.944",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanna (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5B9302D",null,null,"Tanna, New Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/445/mode/1up","Muscicapa flavifrons"],["24336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops flavifrons majusculus","Murphy & Mathews, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.356 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Aneityum (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84393EC3",null,null,"Aneityum.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3946/","Zosterops flavifrons majuscula"],["24337","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops explorator","Layard, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.29","Fiji White-eye","Fiji White-eye","Fiji White-eye",null,null,"Fiji (Viti Levu, Ovalau, Kadavu, Gau, Vanua Levu, and Taveuni)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714238","laweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laweye1","avibase-DFC89B28",null,null,"Kandavu, Fiji.","Ornithological Notes from Fiji, with Descriptions of supposed new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/61/mode/1up","Zosterops explorator"],["24338","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops samoensis","Murphy & Mathews, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.356 p.11","Samoan White-eye","Samoan White-eye","Samoan White-eye",null,null,"mountains of Savai'i (Samoa)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714258","saweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saweye1","avibase-F6F0421B",null,null,"Savaii.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 7.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3946/","Zosterops samoensis"],["24339","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops tenuirostris","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.44 p.76","Slender-billed White-eye","Slender-billed White-eye","Slender-billed White-eye",null,null,"Norfolk Island (east of Australia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714226","sbweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbweye1","avibase-19B31413",null,null,"'Murrumbidgee River'; error for Norfolk Island.","Characters of a new species of Ortyx from Mexico and two new species of Zosterops from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/90/mode/1up","Zosterops tenuirostris"],["24340","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops rennellianus","Murphy, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.365 p.10","Rennell White-eye","Rennell White-eye","Rennell White-eye",null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714172","reweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reweye1","avibase-2B007EF1",null,null,"Rennell Island, south of Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 9, Zosteropidae from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4038/","Zosterops rennelliana"],["24341","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops strenuus","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.294 p.166","Robust White-eye","Robust White-eye","Robust White-eye",null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1910s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714223","robwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robwhe1","avibase-70452AB9",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","On some New Species of Birds collected by Mr. M'Gillivray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/968/mode/1up","Zosterops strenuus"],["24342","species","Passeriformes","Zosteropidae","White-eyes, Yuhinas, and allies","Zosterops inornatus","Layard, 1878","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.1, no.5 p.375","Large Lifou White-eye","Large Lifou White-eye","Large Lifou White-eye",null,null,"forest of Lifou Island (Loyalty Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714234","llweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/llweye1","avibase-C136FA8A",null,null,"Lifu, Loyalty Islands.","XLII. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Island of Lifu, New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88434#page/395/mode/1up","Zosterops inornata"],["24343","family","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timaliidae",null,null,"Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Tree-Babblers, Scimitar-Babblers, and Allies","Scimitar-babblers and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"timali1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timali1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["24344","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Timalia pileata [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/169/mode/1up","Timalia"],["24345","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia pileata","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.151","Chestnut-capped Babbler","Chestnut-capped Babbler","Chestnut-capped Babbler",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill swampy grassland, reedbeds, riparian thickets, and thorn hedge, from northern India eastward through Himalayan foothills to southeastern China, and southward to northeastern India, southern Myanmar, and Indochina, and on Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716320","chcbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcbab1","avibase-CF7A9E5B",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/170/mode/1up","Timalia pileata"],["24346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia pileata bengalensis","Godwin-Austen, 1872","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.2 p.143,text",null,null,null,null,null,"submontane Himalayas (Nepal to Assam and northwestern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E252FC5F",null,null,"India; type from Khasi Hills, Assam, fide Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 9.","Third List of Birds obtained in the Khasi and Garo Hill ranges, with some corrections and additions to the former lists.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/153/mode/1up","T[imalia] Bengalensis"],["24347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia pileata smithi","Deignan, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.9 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar to southern China, northern Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AC123A8",null,null,"Chiang Saen Kao [= King Chiang Saen (lat. 20° 15' N., long. 100° 05' E.)], Thailand.","The Races of the Red-capped Babbler, Timalia pileata Horsfield.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/179/mode/1up","Timalia pileata smithi"],["24348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia pileata intermedia","Kinnear, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Myanmar to southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA2FCA3E",null,null,"Pegu Division, Lower Burma.","Remarks on some Indian birds with proposed new names.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/37/mode/1up","Timalia pileata intermedia"],["24349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia pileata patriciae","Deignan, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.9 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"western portion of central plains of Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38BCD8FD",null,null,"Ban Khlong Khlung [lat. 16° 10' N., long. 99°45'E.], Thailand.","The Races of the Red-capped Babbler, Timalia pileata Horsfield.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/179/mode/1up","Timalia pileata patriciae"],["24350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia pileata dictator","Kinnear, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Thailand to southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C9CF4F9",null,null,"Dran [lat. 11° 49' N., long. 108° 38' E.] , Annam.","Description of a new form from S. Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/89/mode/1up","Timalia pileata dictator"],["24351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Timalia pileata pileata","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90C5AEDD",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/170/mode/1up","Timalia pileata"],["24352","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia","Blyth, 1852","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.140",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Timalia hyperythra [Franklin, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 45).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48206#page/180/mode/1up","Dumetia"],["24353","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia hyperythra","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.118","Tawny-bellied Babbler","Tawny-bellied Babbler","Tawny-bellied Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, brushy grassland, bamboo thickets, and thorn scrub, in Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716286","tabbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabbab1","avibase-DC4FBF45",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/132/mode/1up","Timalia hyperythra"],["24354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia hyperythra hyperythra","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nepal to central and eastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-118AB99A",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/132/mode/1up","Timalia hyperythra"],["24355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia hyperythra albogularis","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.453,text",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C24ED9",null,null,"southern India.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/509/mode/1up","M[alacocercus] (?) albogularis"],["24356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia hyperythra phillipsi","Whistler, 1941","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.2 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A81F621",null,null,"Kumbalgamna, Ceylon.","Recognition of new Subspecies of Birds from Ceylon.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00626.x","Dumetia hyperythra phillipsi"],["24357","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia atriceps","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.250","Dark-fronted Babbler","Dark-fronted Babbler","Dark-fronted Babbler",null,null,"Western Ghats of Peninsular India, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716289","dafbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dafbab1","avibase-B517FCCC",null,null,"Trichur, Wadakkancheri, Coonoor, and the Wynaad, southwestern India; restricted to the Wynaad, by Whistler, 1935, in Ali and Whistler, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 38, p. 82.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/274/mode/1up","B[rachypteryx] atriceps"],["24358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia atriceps atriceps","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"central India (Western Ghats from Bombay to Nilgiri Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35A7A62D",null,null,"Trichur, Wadakkancheri, Coonoor, and the Wynaad, southwestern India; restricted to the Wynaad, by Whistler, 1935, in Ali and Whistler, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 38, p. 82.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/274/mode/1up","B[rachypteryx] atriceps"],["24359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia atriceps bourdilloni","(Hume, 1876)","Stray Feathers 4, no.4, 5 & 6 p.485-486",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southwestern India (Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A28E1F6D",null,null,"Mynall, Kerala, southwestern India.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/515/mode/1up","Alcippe Bourdilloni"],["24360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia atriceps siccata","(Whistler, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northern, eastern, and central hills of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09E07D6D",null,null,"Kalawewa, North Central Province, Ceylon.","Races of Black-headed Babbler in Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/64/mode/1up","Rhopocichla atriceps siccatus"],["24361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Dumetia atriceps nigrifrons","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.815",null,null,null,null,null,"wet lowlands of southwestern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D74D2D9D",null,null,"Ceylon; restricted to Uragaha, Southern Province, by Whistler, 1941, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. 62. p. 38.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/179/mode/1up","Alcippe nigrifrons"],["24362","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.794,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Timalia chloris [Blyth, 1842]; type by original designation = Motacilla rubicapilla Tickell, 1833",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/210/mode/1up","Mixornis"],["24363","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis kelleyi","Delacour, 1932","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.425","Grey-faced Tit-Babbler","Gray-faced Tit-Babbler","Grey-faced Tit-babbler",null,null,"forest of southern Laos, central and southern Vietnam, and Cochinchina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716302","gyftib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyftib1","avibase-2804840D",null,null,"Pakse [lat. 15° 08' N., long. 105° 48' E.], Laos.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/436/mode/1up","Mixornis kelleyi"],["24364","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis flavicollis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.217","Grey-cheeked Tit-Babbler","Gray-cheeked Tit-Babbler","Grey-cheeked Tit-babbler","2025-0347","Taxon <em>prillwitzi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Mixornis flavicollis </em>(monotypic) based on plumage and vocal differences (Cros &amp; Rheindt 2017). Further research warranted as bioacoustic analyses suggest <em>prillwitzi </em>may be related to <em>M. bornensis</em>.","lowlands of eastern Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103894706","gyctib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyctib1","avibase-13F6B3C1",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/347/mode/1up","[Mixornis] flavicollis"],["24365","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis prillwitzi","Hartert, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.32","Kangean Tit-Babbler","Kangean Tit-Babbler","Kangean Tit-babbler","2025-0347","Taxon <em>prillwitzi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Mixornis flavicollis </em>(monotypic) based on plumage and vocal differences (Cros &amp; Rheindt 2017). Further research warranted as bioacoustic analyses suggest <em>prillwitzi </em>may be related to <em>M. bornensis</em>.","Kangean Islands (Java Sea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103894733","gyctib3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyctib3","avibase-C468218F",null,null,"Pulau Kangean.","[Descriptions of four new birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/290/mode/1up","Mixornis prillwitzi"],["24366","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis woodi","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.331","Palawan Tit-Babbler","Palawan Tit-Babbler",null,"2026-075","Mixornis woodi is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. gularis</em> based on differences in plumage and genomics, supported, in part, by vocalizations (Collar &amp; Robson 2020; Berman et al. 2024). In addition, the Anambas and Natuna Islands subspecies <em>zopherus, everetti</em>, and <em>zaperissus</em> are transferred from <em>M. bornensis</em> to <em>M. gularis</em> based on overall similarities in plumage and genomics (Berman et al. 2024).","Palawan group (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,"pistib2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pistib2","avibase-FA52674F",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/453/mode/1up","Mixornis Woodi"],["24367","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis bornensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.217","Bold-striped Tit-Babbler","Bold-striped Tit-Babbler",null,"2026-075","Mixornis woodi is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. gularis</em> based on differences in plumage and genomics, supported, in part, by vocalizations (Collar &amp; Robson 2020; Berman et al. 2024). In addition, the Anambas and Natuna Islands subspecies <em>zopherus, everetti</em>, and <em>zaperissus</em> are transferred from <em>M. bornensis</em> to <em>M. gularis</em> based on overall similarities in plumage and genomics (Berman et al. 2024).","Java, Borneo, and some satellite islands",null,null,null,"bostib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bostib1","avibase-3F290A34",null,null,"Borneo; type from Banjermasin, fide Pucheran, 1853, Voyage au Pôle Sud, Zool., 3, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/347/mode/1up","M[ixornis] bornensis"],["24368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis bornensis argenteus","Chasen & Kloss, 1930","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 4 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggi and Malawali islands (off northern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43316917",null,null,"Pulau Malawali, off northern Borneo.","On a collection of Birds from the lowlands and islands of North Borneo.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234015/on-a-em-collection-of-birds-em-from-the-lowlands-and-islands-em-of-em-north-borneo","Mixornis gularis argentea"],["24369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis bornensis cagayanensis","Guillemard, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.3, no.27 p.419 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Mapun (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B41F49E1",null,null,"Cagayan Sulu, Sulu Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/497/mode/1up","Mixornis cagayanensis"],["24370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis bornensis bornensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo, and Bangka and Belitung islands (off eastern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3F0CB9F",null,null,"Borneo; type from Banjermasin, fide Pucheran, 1853, Voyage au Pôle Sud, Zool., 3, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/347/mode/1up","M[ixornis] bornensis"],["24371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis bornensis montanus","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.448-449",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9724D12",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/504/mode/1up","Mixornis montana"],["24372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis bornensis javanicus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.77, footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72199B3A",null,null,"Java",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/93/mode/1up","Mixornis javanica"],["24373","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis","(Horsfield, 1822)","Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands no.3 pl.43,text","Pin-striped Tit-Babbler","Pin-striped Tit-Babbler",null,"2026-075","Mixornis woodi is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. gularis</em> based on differences in plumage and genomics, supported, in part, by vocalizations (Collar &amp; Robson 2020; Berman et al. 2024). In addition, the Anambas and Natuna Islands subspecies <em>zopherus, everetti</em>, and <em>zaperissus</em> are transferred from <em>M. bornensis</em> to <em>M. gularis</em> based on overall similarities in plumage and genomics (Berman et al. 2024).","sub-Himalayan lowlands from western Nepal and east-central Peninsular India, eastward through southern China and southeastern Asia, through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and many associated islands including Anambas and North Natunas (off northwestern Borneo)",null,null,null,"sttbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttbab1","avibase-A63BA7A3",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181895#page/333/mode/1up","Timalia gularis"],["24374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis rubicapilla","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.576",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western Nepal and east-central Indian Peninsula eastward to northeastern India and far northern Myanmar, and disjunctly in southern India (where local and rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8661D09",null,null,"'jungles of Borabhum and Dholbhum' [= Manbhum and Singhbhum Districts, Bihar] .","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/634/mode/1up","M[otacilla] Rubicapilla"],["24375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis ticehursti","Stresemann, 1940","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 24, heft 2 p.153 (in list), 200",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (Upper Chindwin District to Arakan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00CA53EB",null,null,"Dudaw Taung [lat. 21° 05' N., long. 94° 19' E.], Burma.","Die Vögel des Mount Victoria.",null,"Mixornis gularis ticehursti"],["24376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis sulphureus","(Rippon, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Yunnan) to eastern Myanmar and northern plateau of Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2352EB42",null,null,"Nammehet [lat. 20° 26' N., long. 97° 28' E.] , Southern Shan State.","[Description of new species of birds from the Shan States].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/169/mode/1up","Stachyridopsis sulphurea"],["24377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis lutescens","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) to northern and eastern Thailand, Laos, and Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C17CB9",null,null,"Bao Ha [lat. 22° 10' N., long. 104° 21' E.], Tongking.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/52/mode/1up","Mixornis rubricapilla lutescens"],["24378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis kinneari","Delacour & Jabouille, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00C31C60",null,null,"Hai Lang [lat. 16° 42' N., long. 107° 16' E.], Annam.","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/61/mode/1up","Mixornis kinneari"],["24379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis saraburiensis","(Deignan, 1956)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand and western Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF15DCB4",null,null,"Sathani Hin Lap [lat. 14° 40' N., long. 101° 10' E.], Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/433/mode/1up","Macronus gularis saraburiensis"],["24380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis versuricola","Oberholser, 1922","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 74, no.2 p.5-6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cambodia and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA5E4C55",null,null,"Da Ban [lat. 12° 38' N., long. 109° 06' E.], Annam.","New Timaline birds from the East Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86115#page/423/mode/1up","Mixornis gularis versuricola"],["24381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis condorensis","Robinson, 1921","The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 4 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Pulau Kundur (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0397682",null,null,"Pulau Kondor, off the mouths of the Mekong.","Some birds from Pulo Condore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96521#page/120/mode/1up","Mixornis rubricapilla condorensis"],["24382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis connectens","Kloss, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.2 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"Tenasserim (southeastern Myanmar), coastal Gulf of Thailand to central Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83421D58",null,null,"'about Lat. 10° N. [Malay Peninsula].","On Birds recently collected in Siam. Part II. Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/269/mode/1up","Mixornis rubricapilla connecteus"],["24383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis archipelagicus","Oberholser, 1922","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 74, no.2 p.4-5",null,null,null,null,null,"Mergui Archipelago (off southwestern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69421576",null,null,"Domel Island, Mergui Archipelago, off southern Tenasserim.","New Timaline birds from the East Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86115#page/422/mode/1up","Mixornis gularis archipelagica"],["24384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis inveteratus","Oberholser, 1922","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 74, no.2 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal islets off southeastern Thailand and Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7704FE25",null,null,"Ko Kut [lat. 11° 40' N., long. 102° 35' E.], Thailand.","New Timaline birds from the East Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86115#page/423/mode/1up","Mixornis gularis inveterata"],["24385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis gularis","(Horsfield, 1822)","Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands no.3 pl.43,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Banyak, Batu, Lingga, and Riau islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FBB15D9",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181895#page/333/mode/1up","Timalia gularis"],["24386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis zopherus","Oberholser, 1917","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.49 (p.5,key)",null,null,null,"2026-075","Mixornis woodi is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. gularis</em> based on differences in plumage and genomics, supported, in part, by vocalizations (Collar &amp; Robson 2020; Berman et al. 2024). In addition, the Anambas and Natuna Islands subspecies <em>zopherus, everetti</em>, and <em>zaperissus</em> are transferred from <em>M. bornensis</em> to <em>M. gularis</em> based on overall similarities in plumage and genomics (Berman et al. 2024).","Anambas Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB5414B3",null,null,"Pulau Telaga, Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/65/mode/1up","Mixornis pileata zophera"],["24387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis everetti","Hartert, 1894","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.2 p.472-473",null,null,null,"2026-075","Mixornis woodi is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. gularis</em> based on differences in plumage and genomics, supported, in part, by vocalizations (Collar &amp; Robson 2020; Berman et al. 2024). In addition, the Anambas and Natuna Islands subspecies <em>zopherus, everetti</em>, and <em>zaperissus</em> are transferred from <em>M. bornensis</em> to <em>M. gularis</em> based on overall similarities in plumage and genomics (Berman et al. 2024).","Pulau Bunguran (North Natuna Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A49D81C0",null,null,"Pulau Bunguran, North Natuna Islands.","First glimpses of the zoology of the Natuna Islands. II. List of the first collection of birds from the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/510/mode/1up","Mixornis everetti"],["24388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Mixornis gularis zaperissus","Oberholser, 1932","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 159 p.68 (p.6,key)",null,null,null,"2026-075","Mixornis woodi is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>M. gularis</em> based on differences in plumage and genomics, supported, in part, by vocalizations (Collar &amp; Robson 2020; Berman et al. 2024). In addition, the Anambas and Natuna Islands subspecies <em>zopherus, everetti</em>, and <em>zaperissus</em> are transferred from <em>M. bornensis</em> to <em>M. gularis</em> based on overall similarities in plumage and genomics (Berman et al. 2024).","North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3853815",null,null,"Pulau Lingung [= Pulau Lagong, North Natuna Islands].","The Birds of the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33309#page/78/mode/1up","Mixornis rubicapilla zaperissa"],["24389","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus","Jardine & Selby, 1835","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.10 pl.150",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Macronus ptilosus [Jardine & Selby, 1835]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/435/mode/1up","Macronus"],["24390","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus ptilosus","Jardine & Selby, 1835","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.10 pl.150, with text","Fluffy-backed Tit-Babbler","Fluffy-backed Tit-Babbler","Fluffy-backed Tit-babbler",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and some satellite islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716310","fbtbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fbtbab1","avibase-462272BA",null,null,"a collection said to be brought from the islands of Java and Sumatra' ; type locality inferentially restricted to 'the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra,' by Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 36, and inferentially further restricted to Malacca, by Chasen, 1935, Handlist Malaysian Birds, p. 227.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/439/mode/1up","Macronous ptilosus"],["24391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus ptilosus ptilosus","Jardine & Selby, 1835","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.10 pl.150, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Batu Islands (west of central Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED146269",null,null,"a collection said to be brought from the islands of Java and Sumatra' ; type locality inferentially restricted to 'the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra,' by Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 36, and inferentially further restricted to Malacca, by Chasen, 1935, Handlist Malaysian Birds, p. 227.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/439/mode/1up","Macronous ptilosus"],["24392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus ptilosus trichorrhos","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 pl.594, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangka and Belitung (east of southern Sumatra) and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1020F2F7",null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo ; restricted to 'the lowlands of Sumatra,' by Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 36.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/427/mode/1up","Timalia trichorrhos"],["24393","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus striaticeps","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.331","Brown Tit-Babbler","Brown Tit-Babbler","Brown Tit-babbler",null,null,"East Visayas, Mindanao group, and Sulu Archipelago (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716306","brtbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtbab1","avibase-0CE8B173",null,null,"Malamaui Islet, off Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/453/mode/1up","Macronus striaticeps"],["24394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus striaticeps mindanensis","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Bohol, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E770A2C1",null,null,"Mindanao, Philippine Islands; type from Ayala, fide Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Is., pt. 4, p. 407.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/21/mode/1up","Macronus Mindanensis"],["24395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus striaticeps alcasidi","du Pont & Rabor, 1973","Nemouria 10 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Dinagat and Siargao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F7A248E",null,null,"Port Jackson, New South Wales","Birds of Dinagat and Siargao, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/356/mode/1up","Macronous striaticeps alcasidi"],["24396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus striaticeps striaticeps","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan and Malamaui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B59F8054",null,null,"Malamaui Islet, off Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/453/mode/1up","Macronus striaticeps"],["24397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Macronus striaticeps kettlewelli","Guillemard, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.2, no.18 p.262 pl.18 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, and Tawitawi islands, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B572FDE",null,null,"Lukatlapas, Jolo, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/326/mode/1up","Macronus kettlewelli"],["24398","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.5 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Timalia erythroptera [Blyth, 1842]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94506#page/293/mode/1up","Cyanoderma"],["24399","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma chrysaeum","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.379","Golden Babbler","Golden Babbler","Golden Babbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, pine forest, bamboo thickets, and secondary growth, from Nepal eastward through Himalayan foothills to south-central China, and southward to central Vietnam, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716193","golbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golbab1","avibase-3D4BA49D",null,null,"Nepal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/569/mode/1up","St[achyris] . chrysæa"],["24400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma chrysaeum chrysaeum","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, Assam, Bhutan, southwestern China, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63160141",null,null,"Nepal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/569/mode/1up","St[achyris] . chrysæa"],["24401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma chrysaeum binghami","(Rippon, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Assam to southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C28ED9B",null,null,"Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15' N., long. 93° 55' E.], Upper Burma.","On new species of birds from the Southern Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/572/mode/1up","Stachyris binghami"],["24402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma chrysaeum auratum","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1938)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 90 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Southern Shan State) to far northern Thailand and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04E58A6F",null,null,"Doi Pha Horn Pok [lat. 20° 05' N., long. 99° 10' E.], Thailand.","New or hitherto unrecorded Birds from Siam.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064236","Stachyris chrysaea aurata"],["24403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma chrysaeum assimile","(Walden, 1875)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 44, suppl., pt.2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar (west of the Salween River) to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0FFEF68",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma.","Catalogue of the Mammals and Birds of Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119069#page/148/mode/1up","S[trachyrhis] assmilis"],["24404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma chrysaeum chrysops","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0E275FE",null,null,"Khao Nam Pliu [lat. 7° 35' N., long. 99° 50' E.], Thailand.","Descriptions of two new birds from Trong, Lower Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/193/mode/1up","Stachyris chrysops"],["24405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma chrysaeum frigidum","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.73 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4C55E53",null,null,"Sumatra.","Monographischer Versuch über die Gattung Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/39/mode/1up","H[eleia] frigida"],["24406","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma melanothorax","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.31, vol.2 pl.185 fig.2","Crescent-chested Babbler","Crescent-chested Babbler","Crescent-chested Babbler",null,null,"Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716283","crcbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcbab1","avibase-BF54D9A6",null,null,"Java; inferentially restricted to Mount Gedeh [lat. 6° 4r S., long. 106° 59' E.], by Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 148.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/484/mode/1up","Myiothera melanothorax"],["24407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma melanothorax melanothorax","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.31, vol.2 pl.185 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E1015C4",null,null,"Java; inferentially restricted to Mount Gedeh [lat. 6° 4r S., long. 106° 59' E.], by Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 148.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/484/mode/1up","Myiothera melanothorax"],["24408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma melanothorax intermedium","(Robinson, 1918)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 7 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java (Mount Raung)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D0198B2",null,null,"Sodong Gerok, near Banyuwangi [lat. 8° 12' S., long. 114° 23' E.], Java.","Four new birds from Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62946#page/248/mode/1up","Stachyridopsis melanothorax intermedia"],["24409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma melanothorax baliense","Hartert, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4046861",null,null,"Bali.","Exhibition and description of a new Timeliine bird from Bali.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/208/mode/1up","Cyanoderma melanothorax baliensis"],["24410","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma bicolor","(Blyth, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.1 p.46-47","Bicolored Babbler","Bicolored Babbler","Grey-hooded Babbler","2025-0349","Taxon <em>bicolor </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufum</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Cyanoderma erythropterum </em>(polytypic) based on pronounced differences in plumage and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016; Cros et al. 2020), deep mitochondrial DNA divergence, and a long-standing lack of gene flow estimated from genome-wide data (Cros et al. 2020).","Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103895765","chwbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwbab3","avibase-BACD6EA8",null,null,"no provenience, but Labuan inferentially suggested as type locality by Collin and Hartert, 1927 (vide infra).","A few Identifications and Rectifications of Synonymy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/66/mode/1up","T[imalia] bicolor"],["24411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma bicolor bicolor","(Blyth, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.1 p.46-47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo, including Banggi (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E499D08",null,null,"no provenience, but Labuan inferentially suggested as type locality by Collin and Hartert, 1927 (vide infra).","A few Identifications and Rectifications of Synonymy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/66/mode/1up","T[imalia] bicolor"],["24412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma bicolor rufum","Chasen & Kloss, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-535B8C80",null,null,"Sampit [lat. 2° 32' S., long. 112° 59' E.], Borneo.","Descriptions of three new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/81/mode/1up","Cyanoderma erythroptera rufa"],["24413","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma erythropterum","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.794","Chestnut-winged Babbler","Chestnut-winged Babbler","Chestnut-winged Babbler","2025-0349","Taxon <em>bicolor </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufum</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Cyanoderma erythropterum </em>(polytypic) based on pronounced differences in plumage and vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016; Cros et al. 2020), deep mitochondrial DNA divergence, and a long-standing lack of gene flow estimated from genome-wide data (Cros et al. 2020).","Malay Peninsula and Sumatra and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103895665","chwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwbab1","avibase-89FA492A",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/210/mode/1up","T[imalia] erythroptera"],["24414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma erythropterum erythropterum","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.794",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula (Isthmus of Kra to Singapore) and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EA6028D",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/210/mode/1up","T[imalia] erythroptera"],["24415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma erythropterum pyrrhophaeum","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, and Bangka, Belitung, and Batu islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C7AC465",null,null,"Malacca and Sumatra ; inferentially restricted to Sumatra, by Robinson and Kloss, 1920, Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc, no. 81, p. 106.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Inde.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/410/mode/1up","Timalia pyrrhophaea"],["24416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma erythropterum fulviventre","Richmond, 1903","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26, no.1318 p.507-508",null,null,null,null,null,"Banyak Island (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-382131AA",null,null,"Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Islands.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the coast and islands of Northwest Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/567/mode/1up","Cyanoderma fulviventris"],["24417","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.479","Rufous-fronted Babbler","Rufous-fronted Babbler","Rufous-fronted Babbler","2025-0348","Taxon <em>ambiguum </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Cyanoderma rufifrons </em>pending further research. Available mitochondrial DNA (Moyle et al. 2012; Price et al. 2014; Hosner et al. 2015) and multilocus DNA data (Cai et al. 2019) indicate a deep divergence within this complex; however, as not all taxa have been sampled, species limits are inconsistent with current circumscriptions (e.g., Hosner et al. 2015), and phylogenetic affinities remain poorly resolved, the split of <em>ambiguum </em>is considered premature.","northern Eastern Ghats of India, eastern Himalayas, hills south of Brahmaputra, and southeastern Asia to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and northern and central Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103895265","rufbab10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufbab10","avibase-2D0AAC5C",null,null,"western slopes of the Pegu Hills, Lower Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/507/mode/1up","Stachyris rufifrons"],["24418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons pallescens","(Ticehurst, 1932)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-312D8D52",null,null,"Gamon Chaung, Sandoway District, Arakan.","Descriptions of new Indian forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/56/mode/1up","Stachyridopsis rufifrons pallescens"],["24419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons rufifrons","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5247B71C",null,null,"western slopes of the Pegu Hills, Lower Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/507/mode/1up","Stachyris rufifrons"],["24420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons obscurum","(Stuart Baker, 1917)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Mergui District) and central peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65F6E078",null,null,"Khlong Bang Lai, a stream near Sathani Map Ammarit [lat. 10° 50' N., long. 99° 20' E.], Thailand.","Description of new subspecies of Indian and Siamese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/36/mode/1up","Stachyridopsis rufifrons obscura"],["24421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons poliogaster","(Hume, 1880)","Stray Feathers 9, no.1-3 p.116-117",null,null,null,null,null,"western Malaya (southern Perak to Johore) to Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0636E0E",null,null,"Gunong Pulai [lat. 1° 36' N., long. 103° 33' E.], Johore.","The Birds of the Western Half of the Malay Peninsula. Third Notice.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94421#page/134/mode/1up","Stachyris poliogaster"],["24422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons sarawacense","Chasen, 1939","Treubia 17, no.3 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Mount Poi in western Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6277157",null,null,"Mount Poi, western Sarawak.","Preliminary diagnoses of new Birds from Malaysia.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i3.2568","Cyanoderma rufifrons sarawacensis"],["24423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons ambiguum","(Harington, 1915)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 p.628,631",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Sikkim to Bhutan and Assam south of the Brahmaputra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A1E91C2",null,null,"Gunjong, Barail Range, Assam.","Notes on the Indian Timeliides and their allies. Part IV. Family Timeliidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95912#page/795/mode/1up","Stachyrhidopsis rufifrons ambigua"],["24424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons planicola","(Mayr, 1941)","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Kachin State) to northwestern Yunnan (Salween Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D588ADEA",null,null,"Shingaw [lat. 25° 39' N., long. 97° 53' E.], Upper Burma.","The Vernay-Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. With Notes on the Collection by Dr. E. Mayr. Part II.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00596.x","Stachyris ruficeps planicola"],["24425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons adjunctum","(Deignan, 1939)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 24, no.10 p.110-111",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Thailand to northern Laos and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87854D40",null,null,"Phong Saly [lat. 21° 42' N., long. 102° 0r E.], Laos.","Three new birds of the genus Stachyris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21028#page/8/mode/1up","Stachyris rufifrons adjuncta"],["24426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma rufifrons insuspectum","(Deignan, 1939)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 24, no.10 p.111-112",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1B5B14C",null,null,"Thateng [lat. 15°30N., long. 106° 22' E.], Laos.","Three new birds of the genus Stachyris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21028#page/9/mode/1up","Stachyris rufifrons insuspecta"],["24427","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma pyrrhops","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.379","Black-chinned Babbler","Black-chinned Babbler","Black-chinned Babbler",null,null,"Himalayas (Kashmir to central Nepal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716190","blcbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcbab2","avibase-4C8DBC91",null,null,"Nepal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/569/mode/1up","St[achyris] pyrrhops"],["24428","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma ruficeps","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.452","Rufous-capped Babbler","Rufous-capped Babbler","Rufous-capped Babbler",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen forest, bamboo thickets, and secondary scrub, from eastern Nepal eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to northwestern Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716187","rucbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucbab1","avibase-8DA71DFB",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/508/mode/1up","Stachyris ruficeps"],["24429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma ruficeps ruficeps","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal to Bhutan, adjacent southern China (southeastern Tibet), northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh, southward to southern Assam and northern Manipur), and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B5B6598",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/508/mode/1up","Stachyris ruficeps"],["24430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma ruficeps bhamoense","(Harington, 1908)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.2, no.9 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Kachin and Northern Shan State) to northwestern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF59A875",null,null,"Sinlumkaba [lat. 24° 15' N., long. 97° 31' E.], Upper Burma.","XXVIII. On some new Species and Subspecies of Birds from Upper Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71837#page/271/mode/1up","Stachyridopsis bhamoensis"],["24431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma ruficeps davidi","(Oustalet, 1899)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 5, no.3 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern China (Yangtze River Valley) to northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABB0105D",null,null,"western Szechwan.","Note sur quelques Timéliidés du Yun-nan et du Setchuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137043#page/129/mode/1up","Stachyridiopsis Davidi"],["24432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma ruficeps paganum","(Riley, 1940)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.27 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4E57295",null,null,"Fimnom [lat. 11° 4r N., long. 108° 24' E.], Annam.","Six new forms of Birds from Indochina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/156/mode/1up","Stachyridopsis ruficeps paganus"],["24433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma ruficeps praecognitum","(Swinhoe, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.7 p.310-311",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFC21551",null,null,"Formosa.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/348/mode/1up","Stachyrhis praecognitus"],["24434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Cyanoderma ruficeps goodsoni","(Rothschild, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E364817",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","On new species of birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/488/mode/1up","Stachyridopsis ruficeps goodsoni"],["24435","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis","David & Oustalet, 1877","Les oiseaux de la Chine 1 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pnoepyga troglodytoides [Verreaux, J, 1871]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 264).   ",null,null,null,"Spelaeornis"],["24436","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.34","Bar-winged Wren-Babbler","Bar-winged Wren-Babbler","Bar-winged Wren-babbler",null,null,"montane dense understory in forest, bamboo thickets, and rhododendron-oak scrub, from Bhutan eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and northward to central China, and disjunctly in northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716123","bwwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bwwbab1","avibase-D7BB497E",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; type from Muping [= Paohing, Hsikang, fide Verreaux, 1871].","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/336/mode/1up","Pnoepyga troglodytoides"],["24437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides sherriffi","Kinnear, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E81928CD",null,null,"Donga La, between Lingste and Trashi Yangtsi, eastern Bhutan.","Description of a new race of Long-tailed Wren from Bhutan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/145/mode/1up","Spelaeornis souliei sherriffi"],["24438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides indiraji","Ripley, Saha & Beehler, 1991","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 111, no.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southeastern Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F9BE7AB",null,null,"Ridgetop (=Second Upper) Camp, 2500 m, Noa Dihing River, Changlang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India (27 15'N, 96 52'E)","Notes on birds from the Upper Noa Dihing, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/29/mode/1up","Spelaeornis troglodytoides indiraji"],["24439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides souliei","Oustalet, 1898","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 4, no.6 p.257-258",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to southern China (northwestern Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-506C39CC",null,null,"Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.","Notes sur quelques Oiseaux de la Chine occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137045#page/269/mode/1up","Spelaeornis Souliei"],["24440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides rocki","Riley, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.25 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (northwestern Yunnan east of the Mekong River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D40CA8D2",null,null,"mountains of Ho-fu-ping, Mekong Valley, northwestern Yunnan.","A new Wren of the genus Spelaeornis from Yunnan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/250/mode/1up","Spelaeornis rocki"],["24441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides troglodytoides","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (Qinghai to northwestern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-689E9077",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; type from Muping [= Paohing, Hsikang, fide Verreaux, 1871].","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/336/mode/1up","Pnoepyga troglodytoides"],["24442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides nanchuanensis","Li, Yang & Yu, 1992","Zoological Research 13 no.1 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (central Sichuan, Hubei, and Hunan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-989256CE",null,null,"Jinfo Shan, Nanchuan County, Sichuan, on Aug. l, 1964; alt. 1800m.","A new subspecies of Spelaeornis troglodytoides.","https://archive.org/details/e515b047af1419f4a26e5fef80e43b1acab76fe2","Spelaeornis troglodytoides nanchuanensis"],["24443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis troglodytoides halsueti","(David, 1875)","L'institut Journal des Academies et Sociétés Scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger 2, no.72 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (Tsingling Mountains in southern Shaanxi and adjacent Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0CA910A",null,null,"Shensi; type from Chinling Mountains.",null,null,"Pnoepyga? Halsueti"],["24444","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis caudatus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.588","Rufous-throated Wren-Babbler","Rufous-throated Wren-Babbler","Rufous-throated Wren-babbler",null,null,"mountains of eastern Nepal to Sikkim, Darjeeling, and Bhutan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716112","rtwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtwbab1","avibase-18E871A3",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/134/mode/1up","T[esia] caudata"],["24445","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis badeigularis","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.103","Mishmi Wren-Babbler","Mishmi Wren-Babbler","Rusty-throated Wren-babbler",null,null,"northeastern India (Mishmi Hills, in eastern Arunachal Pradesh)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716118","miswrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miswrb1","avibase-55D143DB",null,null,"Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, northeastern Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/291/mode/1up","Spelaeornis badeigularis"],["24446","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis kinneari","Delacour & Jabouille, 1930","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.403","Pale-throated Wren-Babbler","Pale-throated Wren-Babbler","Pale-throated Wren-babbler",null,null,"northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734553","patwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patwrb1","avibase-11D591B6",null,null,"Chapa [lat. 22° 20' N., long. 103° 50' E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Speloeornis longicaudatus kinneari"],["24447","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis oatesi","(Rippon, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.83","Chin Hills Wren-Babbler","Chin Hills Wren-Babbler","Chin Hills Wren-babbler",null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734548","chhwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhwrb1","avibase-0C4E399F",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","On new species of birds from the Southern Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/571/mode/1up","Urocichla oatesi"],["24448","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis chocolatinus","(Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5 p.252","Naga Wren-Babbler","Naga Wren-Babbler","Naga Wren-babbler",null,null,"hill forest of Nagaland and northern Manipur",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735151","ltwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltwbab1","avibase-24C6DDDE",null,null,"Kedimai, Manipur.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/284/mode/1up","Pnoepyga chocolatina"],["24449","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis longicaudatus","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.398","Tawny-breasted Wren-Babbler","Tawny-breasted Wren-Babbler","Tawny-breasted Wren-babbler",null,null,"oak-rhododendron forest of northeastern India (Assam and Manipur)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716137","tbwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tbwbab1","avibase-F98A7432",null,null,"Afghanistan, error; corrected to northern India, by Moore, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 22 (1854), p. 74, and restricted to Khasi Hills, Assam, by Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6 (1881) , p. 263.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/434/mode/1up","Pnoëpyga longicaudata"],["24450","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Spelaeornis reptatus","(Bingham, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.55","Grey-bellied Wren-Babbler","Gray-bellied Wren-Babbler","Grey-bellied Wren-babbler",null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southern China (southwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734543","gybwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybwrb1","avibase-9FAE6D78",null,null,"Loi Pang Nao [lat. 21° 20' N., long. 100° 20' E.], Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.","Two new species from the Mekong river.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/427/mode/1up","Urocichla reptata"],["24451","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Melanocichla","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Timalia lugubris [S. Müller]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/471/mode/1up","Melanocichla"],["24452","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Melanocichla lugubris","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.344 pl.V [=IX] fig.2","Black Laughingthrush","Black Laughingthrush","Black Babbler",null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula and western Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715614","blalau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blalau1","avibase-4B1B2550",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA344#v=onepage&f=false","Timalia lugubris"],["24453","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Melanocichla calva","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.389","Bare-headed Laughingthrush","Bare-headed Laughingthrush","Bare-headed Babbler",null,null,"highlands of northeastern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715617","bahlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahlau1","avibase-6497AE0D",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/417/mode/1up","Allocotops calvus"],["24454","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pomatorhinus montanus [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/183/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus"],["24455","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps","Walden, 1873","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.12, no.72 p.487","Red-billed Scimitar Babbler","Red-billed Scimitar-Babbler","Red-billed Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill and submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, and bamboo thickets, from northeastern India eastward to south-central China and northern Vietnam, and southward to western Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715984","rbsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbsbab1","avibase-37488194",null,null,"Karen Hills, Upper Burma.","LVII. Description of three new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54290#page/501/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps"],["24456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps stenorhynchus","Godwin-Austen, 1877","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46, pt.2, no.1 p.43-44",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills) to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14F6C0B9",null,null,"'on Manbum Tila, on Tenga Pani River, near Saddya at 800 ft.,' Assam.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds of the Genera Pellorneum, Actinura, and Pomatorhinus; lately collected in the neighbourhood of Saddya, Assam, by Mr. M. J. Ogle of the Topographical Survey'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110105#page/53/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus stenorhynchus"],["24457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps austeni","Hume, 1881","Stray Feathers 10, no.1, 2 & 3 p.152-153",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of eastern Assam (Naga Hills to Barail Mountains and Manipur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BEB83B7",null,null,"eastern Manipur.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95258#page/170/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus austeni"],["24458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps ochraceiceps","Walden, 1873","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.12, no.72 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to mountains of northern Thailand, Tonkin, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10977A51",null,null,"Karen Hills, Upper Burma.","LVII. Description of three new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54290#page/501/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps"],["24459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps alius","Riley, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.11 p.47-48",null,null,null,null,null,"plateau of northeastern Thailand to southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB2C7219",null,null,"Dran [lat. 11° 49' N., long. 108° 38' E.], Annam.","Five new forms of Birds from southern Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/67/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps alius"],["24460","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ferruginosus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.597","Black-crowned Scimitar Babbler","Black-crowned Scimitar-Babbler","Coral-billed Scimitar-babbler","2025-0350","Taxon <em>phayrei </em>(polytypic) is split from <em>Pomatorhinus ferruginosus </em>(monotypic) based on plumage and vocalizations (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012), supported by differences in mitochondrial DNA (Reddy &amp; Moyle 2011).","Himalayas (eastern Nepal to eastern Assam north of the Brahmaputra)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103893364","cobscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cobscb1","avibase-67CF1812",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal, and Arakan; inferentially restricted to Darjeeling, by Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 452.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/143/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] ferruginosus"],["24461","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus phayrei","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.452,text","Brown-crowned Scimitar Babbler","Brown-crowned Scimitar-Babbler","Brown-crowned Scimitar-babbler","2025-0350","Taxon <em>phayrei </em>(polytypic) is split from <em>Pomatorhinus ferruginosus </em>(monotypic) based on plumage and vocalizations (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012), supported by differences in mitochondrial DNA (Reddy &amp; Moyle 2011).","northeastern India (southern Assam and Manipur) and southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains), and eastern Myanmar through mountains of northern and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103893368","bncscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncscb1","avibase-65875E25",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/508/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] Phayrei"],["24462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus phayrei phayrei","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.452,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southern Assam and Manipur) and southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A80E06D",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/508/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] Phayrei"],["24463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus phayrei stanfordi","Ticehurst, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Kachin State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4C93B8E",null,null,"Sadon-Sima Road, east of Myitkyina, Kachin State, Upper Burma.","Note.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/216/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ferruginosus stanfordi"],["24464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus phayrei albogularis","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Myanmar to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F745BF4",null,null,"Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenasserim.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/318/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] albogularis"],["24465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus phayrei orientalis","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Indochina (Tonkin and northern Laos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD9C73CD",null,null,"Tam Dao [lat. 21° 2r N., long. 105° 40' E.], Tongking.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/199/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ferruginosus orientalis"],["24466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus phayrei dickinsoni","Eames, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Vietnam and Bolaven Plateau of southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88AD5D38",null,null,"c. 2,200 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh [Vietnam], 7 April 1998. The holotype was collected and prepared as a standard museum skin by JCE","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/144/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ferruginosus dickinsoni"],["24467","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus superciliaris","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.176","Slender-billed Scimitar Babbler","Slender-billed Scimitar-Babbler","Slender-billed Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"foothill to montane bamboo thickets, dense understory in broadleaf and oak-rhododendron forest, and secondary scrub, from Nepal eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to western and northeastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715994","sbsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbsbab1","avibase-F2705CFE",null,null,"Darjeeling, Bengal.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/210/mode/1up","X[iphirhynchus] superciliaris"],["24468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus superciliaris superciliaris","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (eastern Nepal to Sikkim and Bhutan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43CC5BB3",null,null,"Darjeeling, Bengal.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/210/mode/1up","X[iphirhynchus] superciliaris"],["24469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus superciliaris intextus","(Ripley, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southern Assam (south and east of the Brahmaputra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD0E4DA9",null,null,"Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/293/mode/1up","Xiphirhynchus superciliaris intextus"],["24470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus superciliaris forresti","(Rothschild, 1926)","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.3 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Myanmar and southwestern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1288AF2",null,null,"Shweli-Salween Divide, northwestern Yunnan.","On the avifauna of Yunnan, with critical notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/314/mode/1up","Xiphirhynchus superciliaris forresti"],["24471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus superciliaris rothschildi","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.10 p.613",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Vietnam (Fan Si Pan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1875D5B5",null,null,"Loquiho, Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° IT N., long. 104° 4r E.], 2,500 m., Tongking.","Description d'un Oiseau nouveau du Tonkin.",null,"Xiphirhynchus superciliaris rothschildi"],["24472","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus musicus","Swinhoe, 1859","Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1 p.228","Taiwan Scimitar Babbler","Taiwan Scimitar-Babbler","Taiwan Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734518","taiscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taiscb1","avibase-A37AFA6B",null,null,"Hills of Formosa",null,null,"Pomatorrhinus musicus"],["24473","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.182","Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler","Streak-breasted Scimitar-Babbler","Streak-breasted Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"foothill to montane dense understory in open forest, bamboo thickets, rhododendron scrub, and bracken bramble, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to central and southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to western Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735133","sbsbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbsbab3","avibase-52B6BCA0",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/232/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Ruficollis"],["24474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis ruficollis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E0F6132",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/232/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Ruficollis"],["24475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis godwini","Kinnear, 1944","Ibis vol.86, no.1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (eastern Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, and northern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6E449BD",null,null,"Chungkar, 6,500 ft., Trashigong-Diwangiri Road, southeastern Bhutan.","The Birds of South-eastern Tibet (with Notes by N. B. Kinnear).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1944.tb07533.x","Pomatorhinus ruficollis godwini"],["24476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis bakeri","Harington, 1914","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southeastern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A0B4671",null,null,"Shillong, Khasi Hills, Assam.","Notes on the Indian Timeliides and their allies. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95912#page/436/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ruficollis bakeri"],["24477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis similis","Rothschild, 1926","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.3 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to south-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC72BFBD",null,null,"Hills round Tengyueh [= Tengchung], western Yunnan.","On the avifauna of Yunnan, with critical notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/313/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ruficollis similis"],["24478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis styani","Seebohm, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.7 p.263-265",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE87C41E",null,null,"Lushan, near Kiukiang, Kiangsi.","On a Collection of Birds from Central China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/305/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus styani"],["24479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis albipectus","La Touche, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Yunnan) and adjacent northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ADB359F",null,null,"Szemao, southwestern Yunnan.","Description of new species and subspecies of Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/579/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ruficollis albipectus"],["24480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis beaulieui","Delacour & Greenway, 1940","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 10 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C17C70A",null,null,"Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.","Notes critiques sur certains oiseaux indo-chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313200#page/81/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus schisticeps beaulieui"],["24481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis laurentei","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Kunming region of Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51EAFDE2",null,null,"Kopaotsun, near Kunming, Yunnan.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/238/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ruficollis laurentei"],["24482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis reconditus","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan to northern Vietnam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCAE5628",null,null,"Mengtsz, southeastern Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/388/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ruficollis reconditus"],["24483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis hunanensis","Cheng, 1974","Acta Zoologica Sinica 20 no.1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (southeastern Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, and Guizhou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7620B82",null,null,"Yuanling, Hunan (cf. Pomatorhinus ruficollis intermedius Cheng 1962)","A new name for Pomatorhinus ruficollis intermedius Cheng, 1962.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122626578.pdf","Pomatorhinus ruficollis hunanensis"],["24484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis eidos","Bangs, 1930","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB0692C7",null,null,"Omei Shan, Szechwan.","A new race of Pomatorhinus ruficollis from South Central Szechuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/335/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ruficollis eidos"],["24485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis stridulus","Swinhoe, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.11 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63007799",null,null,"Pehling Hills near Foochow, Fukien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/301/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus stridulus"],["24486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus ruficollis nigrostellatus","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.250-251",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AC75AE6",null,null,"Central Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/272/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus nigrostellatus"],["24487","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.181","White-browed Scimitar Babbler","White-browed Scimitar-Babbler","White-browed Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"foothill to submontane dense understory in forest, secondary growth, and bamboo, from northern India eastward to northern Laos, and southward to peninsular Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715967","wbsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbsbab1","avibase-E2E9A295",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/231/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Schisticeps"],["24488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps leucogaster","Gould, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.60 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh to northwestern Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D91892F",null,null,"'the Himalaya Mountains'; restricted to Simla, avud Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds India Pakistan, p. 349.","[Characters of New Species of Birds among a Collection from the Himalaya Mountains].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/309/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus leucogaster"],["24489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps schisticeps","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Himalayas (western Nepal to Bhutan, Assam, and northwestern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBC835D9",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/231/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Schisticeps"],["24490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps salimalii","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Mishmi Hills, northeastern Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D60369",null,null,"Tezu, Mishmi Hills, Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/289/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus montanus sálimalii"],["24491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps cryptanthus","Hartert, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam (Lakhimpur District) and (?) adjacent northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-739C72F3",null,null,"Margherita, Lakhimpur District, Assam.","Exhibition and descriptions of four new subspecies from the Indo-Malayan countries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/241/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus schisticeps cryptanthus"],["24492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps mearsi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (lower Chindwin District to Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AFDB4E3",null,null,"Taungdwin Chaung [lat. 22° 52' N., long. 94° 20' E.], Upper Burma.","On a new subspecies of Scimitar-Babbler from Upper Chindwin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/649/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus mearsi"],["24493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps ripponi","Harington, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to northern Thailand and adjacent northwestern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C9D2995",null,null,"Shan States ; type specimen from Pyaunggaung [lat 23° 00' N., long. 96° 28' E.], Upper Burma, fide Kinnear, in epistola.","Descriptions of two new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/37/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus ripponi"],["24494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps nuchalis","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.4 p.465,text",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (Southern Shan State and Karenni State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0EAFF33",null,null,"Karen Hills, Upper Burma.","Notes on some Burmese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/507/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] nuchalis"],["24495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps difficilis","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Thailand and southern Myanmar (Amherst District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07387789",null,null,"Doi Luang Chiang Dao [lat. 19° 25' N., long. 98° 55' E.], Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/432/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus schisticeps difficilis"],["24496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps olivaceus","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D2D9F5F",null,null,"Ye, Amherst District, Tenasserim.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/507/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] olivaceus"],["24497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps fastidiosus","Hartert, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula (southern Myanmar and Isthmus of Kra to Trang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE7C0832",null,null,"Ban Khok Khan [lat. T 34' N., long. 99° 38' E.], Thailand.","Description of Pomatorhinus schisticeps fastidiosus from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/287/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus schisticeps fastidiosus"],["24498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps humilis","Delacour, 1932","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand (Nan Province) to southern Laos and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45691418",null,null,"Thateng [lat. 15° 31' N., long. 106° 22' E.], Laos.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/435/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus schisticeps humilis"],["24499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps annamensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.577-578",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7466212",null,null,"Dran [lat. 11° 49' N., long. 108° 38' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/679/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus olivaceus annamensis"],["24500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus schisticeps klossi","Stuart Baker, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36E69B83",null,null,"Ban Khlong Manao [= Ban Huang Som (lat. 11° 50' N., long. 102° 50' E.) and 'Ban Sam Khok,' error = Ban Si Racha (lat. 13° 10' N., long. 100° 55' E.)], Thailand.","Description of new subspecies of Indian and Siamese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/35/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus nuchalis klossi"],["24501","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus montanus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.165","Javan Scimitar Babbler","Javan Scimitar-Babbler","Javan Scimitar-babbler","2025-0346","Taxon <em>bornensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>occidentalis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pomatorhinus montanus</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, social behavior, and habitat (Eaton et al. 2016).","montane Java and Bali",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/229729434","chbscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbscb1","avibase-D51463C5",null,null,"Java ; Gunong Merbabu [lat. 7° 29' S., long. 110° 30' E.] and Gunong Prahu [lat. 7° 12' S., long. 109° 54' E.] mentioned by Horsfield, 1824, Zool. Res. Java).","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/184/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus montanus"],["24502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus montanus montanus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8792921",null,null,"Java ; Gunong Merbabu [lat. 7° 29' S., long. 110° 30' E.] and Gunong Prahu [lat. 7° 12' S., long. 109° 54' E.] mentioned by Horsfield, 1824, Zool. Res. Java).","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/184/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus montanus"],["24503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus montanus ottolanderi","Robinson, 1918","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 7 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1D9B691",null,null,"Sodong Gerok, Ijen Mountains, near Banyuwangi [lat. 8° 12' S., long. 114° 23' E.], Java.","Four new birds from Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62946#page/247/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus montanus ottolanderi"],["24504","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus bornensis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.84","Sunda Scimitar Babbler","Sunda Scimitar-Babbler","Sunda Scimitar-babbler","2025-0346","Taxon <em>bornensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>occidentalis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pomatorhinus montanus</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, social behavior, and habitat (Eaton et al. 2016).","Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/229729606","chbscb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbscb2","avibase-AA735A3A",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/100/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] bornensis"],["24505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus bornensis occidentalis","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Bangka Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96B93E6C",null,null,"Ginting Bidei, Selangor.","Eleven new Oriental Birds.",null,"Pomatorhinus montanus occidentalis"],["24506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus bornensis bornensis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3232C0B",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/100/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] bornensis"],["24507","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus melanurus","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.451-452","Sri Lanka Scimitar Babbler","Sri Lanka Scimitar-Babbler","Sri Lanka Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734513","srlscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/srlscb1","avibase-8E59544F",null,null,"Ceylon ; restricted to Urugaha, south of Kalutara, Western Province, by Whistler, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 62, p. 52.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/507/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] melanurus"],["24508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus melanurus melanurus","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.451-452",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands and hills of western Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AD974A6",null,null,"Ceylon ; restricted to Urugaha, south of Kalutara, Western Province, by Whistler, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 62, p. 52.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/507/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] melanurus"],["24509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus melanurus holdsworthi","Whistler, 1942","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"dry lowlands and hills of eastern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1487D444",null,null,"Ohiya, Uva Province, Ceylon.","On the Races of Pomatorhinus horsfieldii Sykes in Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/78/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus horsfieldii holdsworthi"],["24510","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus horsfieldii","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.89","Indian Scimitar Babbler","Indian Scimitar-Babbler","Indian Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"Peninsular India from eastern Rajasthan to southern Odisha",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735503","insbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/insbab1","avibase-212FC793",null,null,"the Deccan [= Mahabaleshwar, Satara North, fide Ali, 1953, Birds Travancore Cochin, p. 35].","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/293/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus Horsfieldii"],["24511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus horsfieldii obscurus","Hume, 1872","Stray Feathers 1, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (Aravalli Mountains of Rajasthan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E89FB98",null,null,"Mount Abu, Sirohi, Rajasthan.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/23/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus Obscurus"],["24512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus horsfieldii horsfieldii","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Western Ghats from Satpura Range to Goa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-033A18B6",null,null,"the Deccan [= Mahabaleshwar, Satara North, fide Ali, 1953, Birds Travancore Cochin, p. 35].","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/293/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus Horsfieldii"],["24513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus horsfieldii travancoreensis","Harington, 1914","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Goa south to Kerala and western Tamil Nadu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E966E8D",null,null,"Peermade, Travancore, Kerala.","Notes on the Indian Timeliides and their allies. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95912#page/433/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus horsfieldi travancoreensis"],["24514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Pomatorhinus horsfieldii maderaspatensis","Whistler, 1936","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.699 ?",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central India (Eastern Ghats from Andhra Pradesh to Salem District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DA62F71",null,null,"Kurumbapatti, Salem District, Madras.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part XIV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183345#page/411/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus horsfieldii maderaspatensis"],["24515","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys","Stuart Baker, 1930","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. 7 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pomatorhinus erythrogenys [Vigors, 1831]; type by original designation and tautonymy",null,null,null,"Erythrogenys"],["24516","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys hypoleucos","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.371","Large Scimitar Babbler","Large Scimitar-Babbler","Large Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane understory in broadleaf forest, bamboo, reeds, and tall grass, from northeastern India eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Indochina and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715943","lasbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lasbab1","avibase-1928C4DD",null,null,"Arakan, Lower Burma.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/561/mode/1up","O[rthorhinus] hypoleucos"],["24517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys hypoleucos hypoleucos","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam) to Bangladesh and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B125C6B",null,null,"Arakan, Lower Burma.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/561/mode/1up","O[rthorhinus] hypoleucos"],["24518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys hypoleucos tickelli","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.1 p.32,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan) to southern Myanmar, Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-053972D6",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° 11' N., long. 98° 32' E.], Tenasserim.","A First List of the Birds of North-Eastern Cachar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/48/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus (Orthorhinus) Tickelli"],["24519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys hypoleucos brevirostris","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.578",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-427D2BB4",null,null,"Trang Bom [lat. 10° 56' N., long. 107° 00' E.], Cochin China.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/680/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus tickelli brevirostris"],["24520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys hypoleucos wrayi","(Sharpe, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3 p.437-438",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33A032F3",null,null,"Larut Range (4400 ft.), Perak, Malay Peninsula","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/547/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus wrayi"],["24521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys hypoleucos hainana","(Rothschild, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7DA274A",null,null,"No-tai [= Nata (lat. 19° 29' N., long. 109° 2T E.)], Hainan.","On new species of birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/489/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus tickelli hainanus"],["24522","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys swinhoei","(David, 1874)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.3-6, art.9 p.5","Grey-sided Scimitar Babbler","Gray-sided Scimitar-Babbler","Grey-sided Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"foothill to submontane dense understory in deciduous forest, brush-covered hillsides, and thickets adjacent to woodland, in southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734508","gysscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gysscb1","avibase-E4AFAF52",null,null,"western Fukien.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/308/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus Swinhoei"],["24523","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys erythrocnemis","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.281","Black-necklaced Scimitar Babbler","Black-necklaced Scimitar-Babbler","Black-necklaced Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735573","sbsbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbsbab2","avibase-6D1FD3C6",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/335/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis"],["24524","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys mcclellandi","(Godwin-Austen, 1870)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 39, pt.2, no.2 p.103-104","Spot-breasted Scimitar Babbler","Spot-breasted Scimitar-Babbler","Spot-breasted Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"Assam south of the Brahmaputra to western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734503","spbscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbscb1","avibase-894AED25",null,null,"at Nenglo beyond Asalu, under the Burrail range, Assam.","A List of Birds obtained in the Khasi and North Cachar Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128787#page/481/mode/1up","P[omatorhinus] McClellandi"],["24525","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys gravivox","(David, 1873)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.18, no.5 p.2","Black-streaked Scimitar Babbler","Black-streaked Scimitar-Babbler","Black-streaked Scimitar-babbler",null,null,"foothill to montane forest edge, secondary growth, bamboo thickets, dry scrub, and lalang grassland, from eastern Tibet and north-central China southward to northeastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734498","bksscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bksscb1","avibase-ACFAA819",null,null,"Shensi; types from southern Shensi, fide David, 1874, ibid., ser. 5, 19, art. 9, p. 2.","Notes sur quelques Oiseaux de la province de Chen-si.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103289#page/377/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus gravivox"],["24526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys gravivox gravivox","(David, 1873)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.18, no.5 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (northwestern Sichuan to southern Gansu and southern Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-496D1532",null,null,"Shensi; types from southern Shensi, fide David, 1874, ibid., ser. 5, 19, art. 9, p. 2.","Notes sur quelques Oiseaux de la province de Chen-si.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103289#page/377/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus gravivox"],["24527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys gravivox cowensae","(Deignan, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65, no.20 p.122-123",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (eastern Sichuan to southwestern Hubei and northern Guizhou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E9005C7",null,null,"Wanhsien, eastern Szechwan.","Chinese races of Pomatorhinus erythrogenys Vigors.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/320/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus erythrogenys cowensae"],["24528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys gravivox dedekensi","(Oustalet, 1892)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12, no.9 p.276,text",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (eastern Qinghai to northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D23320F",null,null,"'Tioungeu, error; type locality corrected to Tsonghai [lat. 29° 56' N., long. 98° 40' E.], Hsikang, by Oustalet, 1893, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], ser. 3, 5, p. 197, footnote 1.","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/286/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus Dedekensi"],["24529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys gravivox decarlei","(Deignan, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65, no.20 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (Qinghai, southern Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62787E70",null,null,"near Yangtza [ca. Kiang, northwestern Yunnan.","Chinese races of Pomatorhinus erythrogenys Vigors.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/319/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus erythrogenys decarlei"],["24530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys gravivox odica","(Bangs & Phillips, 1914)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Myanmar to southern China (Yunnan), northern Laos, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2864A94B",null,null,"Mengtsz, Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/388/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus macclellandi odicus"],["24531","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys imberbis","(Salvadori, 1889)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.27 p.410","Red-eyed Scimitar Babbler","Red-eyed Scimitar-Babbler",null,"2025-1191","Taxon <em>imberbis </em>(polytypic, including <em>celata</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Erythrogenys erythrogenys</em> based on plumage, bare-part color, morphometrics, and vocalizations (Berryman et al. 2023).","foothill to submontane dense understory of oak and open evergreen forest, lalang grassland, and abandoned cultivation, in eastern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,"reescb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reescb1","avibase-225EC685",null,null,"Yado, dei Monti Carin (Karenni, Karen Hills)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111047#page/414/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus imberbis"],["24532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys imberbis imberbis","(Salvadori, 1889)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.27 p.410",null,null,null,null,null,"Karenni (eastern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26D6FDC5",null,null,"Yado, dei Monti Carin (Karenni, Karen Hills)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111047#page/414/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus imberbis"],["24533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys imberbis celata","(Deignan, 1941)","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 26, no.3 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"Shan States, eastern Myanmar, and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AB3AB02",null,null,"Doi Luang Chiang Dao [lat. 19° 25' N., long. 98° 55' E.], Thailand.","New races of Alaudidae and Timaliidae from northern Thailand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207505#page/311/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus erythrogenys celatus"],["24534","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys erythrogenys","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.9 text to pl.55","Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler","Rusty-cheeked Scimitar-Babbler",null,"2025-1191","Taxon <em>imberbis </em>(polytypic, including <em>celata</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Erythrogenys erythrogenys</em> based on plumage, bare-part color, morphometrics, and vocalizations (Berryman et al. 2023).","foothill to submontane dense undergrowth at forest edge, bramble thickets, and scrub around villages, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to Bhutan and northeastern India",null,null,null,"rcsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcsbab1","avibase-2501B111",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to 'the district Simla- Almora,' by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/235/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus erythrogenys"],["24535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys erythrogenys erythrogenys","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.9 text to pl.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of northeastern Pakistan and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A55A50C6",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to 'the district Simla- Almora,' by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/235/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus erythrogenys"],["24536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys erythrogenys ferrugilatus","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19, pt.I p.180-181",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Kashmir to central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-820AF697",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/230/mode/1up","[Pomatorhinus] Ferrugilatus"],["24537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Erythrogenys erythrogenys haringtoni","(Stuart Baker, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Sikkim to Bhutan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59A4B19F",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","Exhibition of three forms of the Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus erythrogenys) and description of a new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/164/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus haringtoni"],["24538","genus","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris","Hodgson, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.379,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Stachyris nigriceps [Blyth, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/569/mode/1up","Stachyris"],["24539","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris grammiceps","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.75, vol.2 pl.448 fig.3","White-breasted Babbler","White-breasted Babbler","White-breasted Babbler",null,null,"locally in forest of western Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716248","whbbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbab2","avibase-738596E2",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/495/mode/1up","Myiothera grammiceps"],["24540","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigricollis","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 pl.594 fig.2","Black-throated Babbler","Black-throated Babbler","Black-throated Babbler",null,null,"forest of Thai-Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716271","bltbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltbab1","avibase-5B383BC6",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/428/mode/1up","Timalia nigricollis"],["24541","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris maculata","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 pl.593 fig.1","Chestnut-rumped Babbler","Chestnut-rumped Babbler","Chestnut-rumped Babbler",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and satellite islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716277","chrbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chrbab1","avibase-4F128303",null,null,"Borneo and Sumatra ; restricted to Borneo, by Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 588.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/423/mode/1up","Timalia maculata"],["24542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris maculata maculata","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 pl.593 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Riau Archipelago (south of Singapore)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E607EE6",null,null,"Borneo and Sumatra ; restricted to Borneo, by Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 588.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/423/mode/1up","Timalia maculata"],["24543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris maculata banjakensis","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 15 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Banyak Island (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E910F9D2",null,null,"Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Islands.","Descriptions of eight new birds from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19652#page/226/mode/1up","Stachyris banjakensis"],["24544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris maculata hypopyrrha","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC82B236",null,null,"Pulau Pini, Batu Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/127/mode/1up","Stachyris maculata hypopyrrha"],["24545","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris poliocephala","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.100, vol.2 pl.593 fig.2","Grey-headed Babbler","Gray-headed Babbler","Grey-headed Babbler",null,null,"peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Lingga Archipelago, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716258","gyhbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbab1","avibase-65635086",null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo ; restricted to Benkulen [lat. 3° 4r S., long. 102° 15' E.], Sumatra, by Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 348.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/424/mode/1up","Timalia poliocephala"],["24546","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.378","Grey-throated Babbler","Gray-throated Babbler","Grey-throated Babbler",null,null,"foothill to submontane understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and bamboo scrub, from Nepal eastward through Himalayas to south-central China and northern Vietnam, and southward to Borneo, Sumatra, and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716255","gytbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytbab1","avibase-D58D57B3",null,null,"Nepal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/568/mode/1up","St[achyris] nigriceps"],["24547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps nigriceps","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (central Nepal through eastern Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F69AB073",null,null,"Nepal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/568/mode/1up","St[achyris] nigriceps"],["24548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps coltarti","Harington, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Assam (Naga Hills) to northern Myanmar and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B455C0BB",null,null,"Margherita, eastern Assam.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies, with a key to the species of Proparus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/97/mode/1up","Stachyris nigriceps coltarti"],["24549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps spadix","Ripley, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.4 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to southern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5217FF0D",null,null,"Laisung, Cachar, Assam.","A new Race of the Black-throated Babbler.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/125/mode/1up","Stachyris nigriceps spadix"],["24550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps yunnanensis","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to northern Thailand, southwestern China, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF6CA6C3",null,null,"Hokow [lat. 23° 15' N., long. 103° 39' E.], Yunnan.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/240/mode/1up","Stachyris nigriceps yunnanensis"],["24551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps rileyi","Chasen, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A92D51B4",null,null,"Dran [lat. 11° 49' N., long. 108° 38' E.], Annam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/151/mode/1up","Stachyris nigriceps rileyi"],["24552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps dipora","Oberholser, 1922","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 74, no.2 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand on Thai-Malay Peninsula (Mergui District and Isthmus of Kra to Trang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BF5D47D",null,null,"Khao Soi Dao [lat. 7° 20' N., long. 99° 50' E.], Thailand.","New Timaline birds from the East Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86115#page/425/mode/1up","Stachyris nigriceps dipora"],["24553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps davisoni","Sharpe, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula (Pattani to Negri Sembilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D9F171",null,null,"Gunong Tahan, Pahang.","On birds from Pahang.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/33/mode/1up","Stachyris davisoni"],["24554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps larvata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Lingga Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC9F83CD",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/347/mode/1up","T[imalia] larvata"],["24555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps natunensis","Hartert, 1894","Novitates Zoologicae 1, no.2 p.470-472",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A96335D",null,null,"Pulau Bunguran, North Natuna Islands.","First glimpses of the zoology of the Natuna Islands. II. List of the first collection of birds from the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179#page/508/mode/1up","Stachyris natunensis"],["24556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps tionis","Robinson & Kloss, 1927","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 13 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"Tioman Island (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C48F4082",null,null,"Juara Bay, Pulau Tioman, Johore-Pahang Archipelago.","A new Babbler from Tioman Island.",null,"Stachyris nigriceps tionis"],["24557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps hartleyi","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 10 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Borneo (western Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23726BD6",null,null,"Mount Poi, Sarawak.","Four new races of Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328663/em-four-new-races-of-malaysian-em-birds","Stachyris nigriceps hartleyi"],["24558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nigriceps borneensis","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41847755",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/505/mode/1up","Stachyris borneensis"],["24559","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris herberti","(Stuart Baker, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.10","Sooty Babbler","Sooty Babbler","Sooty Babbler",null,null,"central Laos and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716252","soobab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soobab1","avibase-14D82446",null,null,"'Ban Sao, Siam,' error [= Ban Lak Sao (lat. 18° 11' N., long. 104° 58' E.), Laos].","Description of a new genus, species, and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/40/mode/1up","Nigravis herberti"],["24560","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris nonggangensis","Zhou & Jiang, 2008","The Auk 125, no.2 p.420-424","Nonggang Babbler","Nonggang Babbler","Nonggang Babbler",null,null,"limestone hills of southwestern Guangxi (southeastern China), and in adjacent far northeastern Vietnam (eastern Tonkin)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735635","nonbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nonbab1","avibase-835EE647",null,null,"Nonggang, Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 22°28'N, 106°57'E, 290 m elevation; collected 21 January 2006 by J.A.","A new species of babbler (timaliidae: stachyris) from the sino-vietnamese border region of china","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/125/2/420/5148236","Stachyris nonggangensis"],["24561","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris humei","(Mandelli, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.415","Sikkim Wedge-billed Babbler","Sikkim Wedge-billed Babbler","Blackish-breasted Babbler",null,null,"Himalayas from Sikkim to northern Assam (north of the Brahmaputra)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735087","wbwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbwbab1","avibase-7CDC4535",null,null,"Sikkim.","New Birds from Sikhim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/443/mode/1up","Heterorhynchus Humei"],["24562","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris roberti","(Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.18 p.251","Cachar Wedge-billed Babbler","Cachar Wedge-billed Babbler","Chevron-breasted Babbler",null,null,"hill forest of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to northeastern Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734558","chbbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbbab1","avibase-DBD78D47",null,null,"North Cachar and Manipur Hills.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/283/mode/1up","Sphenocichla roberti"],["24563","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris thoracica","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.13, vol.2 pl.76","White-bibbed Babbler","White-bibbed Babbler","White-bibbed Babbler",null,null,"montane Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716274","whbbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbab1","avibase-1E93233E",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Mount Salak [lat. 6° 42' S., long. 106° 44' E.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/415/mode/1up","Pitta thoracica"],["24564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris thoracica thoracica","(Temminck, 1821)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.13, vol.2 pl.76",null,null,null,null,null,"foothill forest of western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C1F0787",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Mount Salak [lat. 6° 42' S., long. 106° 44' E.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/415/mode/1up","Pitta thoracica"],["24565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris thoracica orientalis","Robinson, 1918","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 7 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56B52B3F",null,null,"Sodong Gerok, near Banyuwangi [lat. 8° 12' S., long. 114° 23' E.], Java.","Four new birds from Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62946#page/248/mode/1up","Stachyris orientalis"],["24566","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris leucotis","(Strickland, 1848)","Contributions to ornithology no.1-2 p.63-10, pl.12","White-necked Babbler","White-necked Babbler","White-necked Babbler",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716268","whnbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnbab1","avibase-5F7A6F45",null,null,"Malacca.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/90/mode/1up","Timalia leucotis"],["24567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris leucotis leucotis","(Strickland, 1848)","Contributions to ornithology no.1-2 p.63-10, pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand and Malaya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2229BE3A",null,null,"Malacca.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/90/mode/1up","Timalia leucotis"],["24568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris leucotis sumatrensis","Chasen, 1939","Treubia 17, no.3 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Sumatra (Aceh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6A7E152",null,null,"between Lesten [lat. 4° 12' N., long. 97° 40' E.] and Pendeng [lat. 4° 08' N., long. 97° 36' E.], Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of new Birds from North Sumatra 2","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i2.2564","Stachyris leucotis sumatrensis"],["24569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris leucotis obscurata","Mayr, 1942","The Auk 59, no.1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Mount Mulu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFE14B5D",null,null,"Gunong Mulu [lat. 4° 04' N., long. 114° 5r E.], Sarawak.","New Name for Stachyris Leucotis Goodsoni","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol59/iss1/35/","Stachyris leucotis obscurata"],["24570","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris oglei","(Godwin-Austen, 1877)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46, pt.2, no.1 p.42","Snowy-throated Babbler","Snowy-throated Babbler","Snowy-throated Babbler",null,null,"mountains of northeastern India (northeastern Assam and southeastern Arunachal Pradesh)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716261","sntbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sntbab1","avibase-C4B3E8AB",null,null,"near Sadiya, Assam.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds of the Genera Pellorneum, Actinura, and Pomatorhinus; lately collected in the neighbourhood of Saddya, Assam, by Mr. M. J. Ogle of the Topographical Survey'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110105#page/52/mode/1up","Actinura Oglei"],["24571","species","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.345","Spot-necked Babbler","Spot-necked Babbler","Spot-necked Babbler",null,null,"lowland to submontane understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and bamboo, from eastern Myanmar eastward to south-central China (including Hainan), and southward to peninsular Thailand and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716265","spnbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spnbab1","avibase-464EC010",null,null,"Sumatra; restricted to Padang Residencies, by Kloss, 1921, Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., 10, p. 213.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA345#v=onepage&f=false","Timalia strialata"],["24572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata helenae","Delacour & Greenway, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"northern plateau of Thailand (Nan Province) to northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90184658",null,null,"Ban Nam Khuang [lat. 20° 24' N., long. 100° 14' E.], Laos.","Seven new Races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/160/mode/1up","Stachyris striolata helenae"],["24573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata guttata","(Blyth, 1859)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.414-415",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and adjacent western Thailand (Tak Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD2DE5F9",null,null,"Tenasserim ; type from Woods near Theethoungplee. 3000 ft., Amherst District, fide Tickell, 1860, ihid., 28, no. 5 (1859), p. 450.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/426/mode/1up","Turdinus guttatus"],["24574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata tonkinensis","Kinnear, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Guangxi and southern Yunnan) to northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24C247B5",null,null,"Thai Nien [lat. 22° 23' N., long. 104° 06' E.], Tongking.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/118/mode/1up","Stachyris guttata tonkinensis"],["24575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata swinhoei","Rothschild, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7E993CE",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","On new species of birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/488/mode/1up","Stachyris guttata swinhoei"],["24576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata nigrescentior","Deignan, 1947","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37, no.3 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand (Isthmus of Kra to Trang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43AF371F",null,null,"Khao Nok Ra [lat. 7° 25' N., long. 99° 55' E.], Thailand.","Two new Babblers (Timaliidae) from southeastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/618/mode/1up","Stachyris striolata nigrescentior"],["24577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata umbrosa","(Kloss, 1921)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05C77905",null,null,"Bandar Bahru, Upper Deli District, northeastern Sumatra.","New and little known Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/228/mode/1up","Thringorhina striolata umbrosa"],["24578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Timaliidae","Tree Babblers, Scimitar Babblers, and allies","Stachyris strialata strialata","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45F06A43",null,null,"Sumatra; restricted to Padang Residencies, by Kloss, 1921, Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., 10, p. 213.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA345#v=onepage&f=false","Timalia strialata"],["24579","family","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneidae",null,null,"Ground Babblers and allies","Ground Babblers and Allies","Ground Babblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"pellor2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pellor2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["24580","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Graminicola","Jerdon, 1863","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Graminicola bengalensis [Jerdon, 1863]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/191/mode/1up","Graminicola"],["24581","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Graminicola bengalensis","Jerdon, 1863","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.177","Indian Grassbird","Indian Grassbird","Indian Grass-babbler",null,null,"western Nepal to northern India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103870362","rurgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rurgra1","avibase-97A164E7",null,null,"Ganges.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/191/mode/1up","Graminicola Bengalensis"],["24582","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Graminicola striatus","Styan, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.6","Chinese Grassbird","Chinese Grassbird","Chinese Grass-babbler",null,null,"formerly southern Myanmar to central Thailand, northern Vietnam, and Hainan; now very rare, presumed extirpated in Thailand and Vietnam, and possibly extirpated on Hainan, and southern China (eastern Guangxi and Guangdong)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103870381","chigra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chigra1","avibase-0254B25D",null,null,"interior of the island of Hainan","On birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/32/mode/1up","Graminicola striata"],["24583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Graminicola striatus sinicus","Stresemann, 1923","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.363-364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (eastern Guangxi and Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-400F772E",null,null,"Siuhang, Kwangtung Province.","Neue Formen aus Süd-China.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012813","Graminicola bengalensis sinica"],["24584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Graminicola striatus striatus","Styan, 1892","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.2 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly southern Myanmar to central Thailand, northern Vietnam, and Hainan; population now very low; presumed extirpated in Thailand and Vietnam, and possibly extirpated on Hainan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FC93D6F",null,null,"interior of the island of Hainan","On birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/32/mode/1up","Graminicola striata"],["24585","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Malacopteron macrodactylum [Strickland, 1844]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/572/mode/1up","Turdinus"],["24586","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus macrodactylus","(Strickland, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.417","Large Wren-Babbler","Large Wren-Babbler","Large Wren-babbler",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and central Kalimantan (south-central Borneo)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716030","lawbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lawbab1","avibase-EC123357",null,null,"Malacca.","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/455/mode/1up","Malacopteron macrodactylum"],["24587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus macrodactylus macrodactylus","(Strickland, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FDE1392",null,null,"Malacca.","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/455/mode/1up","Malacopteron macrodactylum"],["24588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus macrodactylus beauforti","Voous, 1950","Limosa 22 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A26F8713",null,null,"Sungai Tasik, Langkat, northeastern Sumatra.","Review of the Wren-Babblers of the Genus Turdinus.",null,"Turdinus macrodactylus beauforti"],["24589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus macrodactylus lepidopleura","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6F5F300",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/407/mode/1up","[Cacopitta] lepidopleura"],["24590","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus marmoratus","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.15","Marbled Wren-Babbler","Marbled Wren-Babbler","Marbled Wren-babbler",null,null,"montane Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716057","mawbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mawbab1","avibase-E5EA242E",null,null,"Padang Highlands, western Sumatra.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Sumatra. Report on a Collection from the neighbourhood of Padang.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/45/mode/1up","Turdinus marmoratus"],["24591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus marmoratus grandior","Voous, 1950","Limosa 22 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central Malaya (Selangor/Pahang border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-284325F6",null,null,"Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary, Malaya.","Review of the Wren-Babblers of the Genus Turdinus.",null,"Turdinus marmoratus grandior"],["24592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus marmoratus marmoratus","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-930DCA86",null,null,"Padang Highlands, western Sumatra.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Sumatra. Report on a Collection from the neighbourhood of Padang.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/45/mode/1up","Turdinus marmoratus"],["24593","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Turdinus atrigularis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.257","Black-throated Wren-Babbler","Black-throated Wren-Babbler","Black-throated Wren-babbler",null,null,"patchily distributed forest of Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716048","btwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btwbab1","avibase-BAD948AE",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/407/mode/1up","C[acopitta] atrigularis"],["24594","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Malacopteron magnum [Eyton, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1844, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 13, p. 417).   ",null,"Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/632/mode/1up","Malacopteron"],["24595","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron affine","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.795","Sooty-capped Babbler","Sooty-capped Babbler","Sooty-capped Babbler",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banyak (west of northern Sumatra), Bangka (east of southern Sumatra), and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715876","socbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socbab1","avibase-B7AA8B6E",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/211/mode/1up","Tr[ichastoma] affine"],["24596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron affine affine","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.795",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern peninsular Thailand to Malayan Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra, and Banyak",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D51B2DB",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/211/mode/1up","Tr[ichastoma] affine"],["24597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron affine phoeniceum","Deignan, 1950","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 35, no.8 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A008DE7F",null,null,"Segah River [at ca. lat. 2° 12' N., long. 117° 06' E.], Borneo.","Five new races of birds from Southeastern Asia.",null,"Malacopteron affine phoeniceum"],["24598","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron albogulare","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.385","Grey-breasted Babbler","Gray-breasted Babbler","Grey-breasted Babbler",null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Batu Islands (west of central Sumatra), Lingga Islands (east of central Sumatra), and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715888","gybbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybbab1","avibase-BF217461",null,null,"'Singapore.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/575/mode/1up","S[etaria] albogularis"],["24599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron albogulare albogulare","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, northeastern Sumatra, Batu Islands, and Lingga Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA635A93",null,null,"'Singapore.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/575/mode/1up","S[etaria] albogularis"],["24600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron albogulare moultoni","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3033F91",null,null,"Beton Saribas, Sarawak.","On behalf of Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. B. Kloss, exhibition of types and descriptions of new species of Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/285/mode/1up","Ophrydornis albogularis moultoni"],["24601","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron cinereum","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.103","Scaly-crowned Babbler","Scaly-crowned Babbler","Scaly-crowned Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and coastal swamp-forest, from eastern Laos and northern Vietnam southward to Borneo, Sumatra and satellite islands, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715879","sccbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sccbab1","avibase-9AB7E1FF",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/633/mode/1up","Malacopteron cinereus"],["24602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron cinereum indochinense","(Robinson & Kloss, 1921)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand to Cambodia and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4FAEDBA",null,null,"Trang Bom [10°56'N., 107°00'E.], Cochin China.","Nine new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/221/mode/1up","Horizillas rufifrons indochinensis"],["24603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron cinereum cinereum","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, North Natuna Islands and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87C074A9",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/633/mode/1up","Malacopteron cinereus"],["24604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron cinereum niasense","(Riley, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50, no.16 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias Island (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF8FA9C6",null,null,"Nias.","Three new Birds from the Malaysian Subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/91/mode/1up","Malacornis cinerea niasensis"],["24605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron cinereum rufifrons","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73BD3A51",null,null,"'Java oder Sumatra' [= Java].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/81/mode/1up","M[alacopteron] rufifrons"],["24606","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron magnum","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.103","Rufous-crowned Babbler","Rufous-crowned Babbler","Rufous-crowned Babbler",null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and North Natuna Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715882","rucbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucbab2","avibase-A23AFA06",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/633/mode/1up","Malacopteron magnum"],["24607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron magnum magnum","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CC3D8C8",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/633/mode/1up","Malacopteron magnum"],["24608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron magnum saba","Chasen & Kloss, 1930","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 4 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75A2E913",null,null,"Samawang River, near Sandakan. North Borneo.","On a collection of Birds from the lowlands and islands of North Borneo.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234015/on-a-em-collection-of-birds-em-from-the-lowlands-and-islands-em-of-em-north-borneo","Malacopteron magnum saba"],["24609","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron palawanense","Büttikofer, 1895","Notes from the Leyden Museum 17 p.104","Melodious Babbler","Melodious Babbler","Melodious Babbler",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Balabac and Palawan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715885","palbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palbab1","avibase-BAA37492",null,null,"Island of Palawan [Philippines]","A revision of the genus Turdinus and genera allied to it, with an enumeration of the specimens contained in the Leyden Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37339#page/116/mode/1up","Malacopteron palawanense"],["24610","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron magnirostre","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.xiv,407","Moustached Babbler","Moustached Babbler","Moustached Babbler",null,null,"southern Myanmar and southern Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715873","moubab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moubab1","avibase-7DB7D6CE",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/443/mode/1up","Alcippe magnirostris"],["24611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron magnirostre magnirostre","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.xiv,407",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and southern Thailand to Sumatra and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95500C12",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/443/mode/1up","Alcippe magnirostris"],["24612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacopteron magnirostre cinereocapilla","(Salvadori, 1868)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 3 p.530",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01373B68",null,null,"Sarawak.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=l_RSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA530","Alcippe cinereocapilla"],["24613","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gampsorhynchus","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gampsorhynchus rufulus [Blyth, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/560/mode/1up","Gampsorhynchus"],["24614","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gampsorhynchus rufulus","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.371","White-hooded Babbler","White-hooded Babbler","White-hooded Babbler",null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, southwestern Myanmar, and western Yunnan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735172","whhbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhbab2","avibase-0BD98439",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal; types from Arakan, Lower Burma, fide Finn, 1901, List Birds Indian Mus,, pt, 1, pp. 53-54.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/561/mode/1up","G[ampsorhynchus] rufulus"],["24615","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gampsorhynchus torquatus","Hume, 1874","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.107","Collared Babbler","Collared Babbler","Collared Babbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, bamboo, long grass, and secondary growth, from eastern Myanmar, south-central China, and northern Vietnam southward to Malayan Peninsula and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734583","colbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colbab1","avibase-D3B8C7BE",null,null,"no locality ; type specimen from the banks of the Younzaleen below the Pine forests in the Salween district,' Tenasserim, fide Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 446.","New species of Birds exhibited and characterized.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/466/mode/1up","Gampsorhynchus torquatus"],["24616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gampsorhynchus torquatus torquatus","Hume, 1874","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, northern and western Thailand, and southern China southward to northwestern and southern Laos and central and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E9EEE51",null,null,"no locality ; type specimen from the banks of the Younzaleen below the Pine forests in the Salween district,' Tenasserim, fide Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 446.","New species of Birds exhibited and characterized.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/466/mode/1up","Gampsorhynchus torquatus"],["24617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gampsorhynchus torquatus luciae","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China to northeastern and central Laos and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8ADD7D2",null,null,"Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/50/mode/1up","Gampsorhynchus rufulus luciae"],["24618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gampsorhynchus torquatus saturatior","Sharpe, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.3 p.273-274",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malaysia (southern Perak to southern Selangor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB197C0A",null,null,"Gunong Batu Puteh, Perak.","List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the Main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/335/mode/1up","Gampsorhynchus saturatior"],["24619","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2 p.449.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Minla rufogularis [Mandelli, 1873]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 606).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/469/mode/1up","Schoeniparus"],["24620","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus rufogularis","(Mandelli, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.416","Rufous-throated Fulvetta","Rufous-throated Fulvetta","Rufous-throated Fulvetta",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill understory in broadleaf forest, second growth, scrub, and bamboo, from southern Bhutan and northeastern India eastward to northern Vietnam, southward to northeastern Cambodia, and disjunctly in southeastern Thailand and adjacent Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716621","rutful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutful1","avibase-D3441B7C",null,null,"Bhutan Duars.","New Birds from Sikhim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/444/mode/1up","Minla Rufogularis"],["24621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus rufogularis rufogularis","(Mandelli, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Bhutan to northern Assam north of the Brahmaputra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B49B7D1",null,null,"Bhutan Duars.","New Birds from Sikhim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/444/mode/1up","Minla Rufogularis"],["24622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus rufogularis collaris","(Walden, 1874)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.14, no.80 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of eastern Assam to Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6982985C",null,null,"Sadiya, northeastern Assam.","XXI. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53304#page/170/mode/1up","Alcippe collaris"],["24623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus rufogularis major","Stuart Baker, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to northern and eastern Thailand and north-central Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B68AD9A",null,null,"Ban Pak Mat [lat. 18° 52' N., long. 101° 51' E.], Laos.","Description of a new genus, species, and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/41/mode/1up","Schoeniparus rufigularis major"],["24624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus rufogularis stevensi","Kinnear, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Yunnan) and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51A26908",null,null,"Bao Ha [lat. 22° 10' N., long. 104° 21' E.] , Tongking.","Descriptions of new races of birds from Tonkin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/38/mode/1up","Schoeniparus rufogularis stevensi"],["24625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus rufogularis kelleyi","Bangs & Van Tyne, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 18, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Quangtri)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BC2335D",null,null,"Phuoc Mon, Quangtri Province, Annam [Qu?ng Tr? Town, Vietnam].","Descriptions of five new Indo-Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20787#page/10/mode/1up","Schoeniparus rufogularis kelleyi"],["24626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus rufogularis khmerensis","Meyer de Schauensee, 1938","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 90 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and adjacent southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70D18684",null,null,"Krat [= Ban Bang Phra (lat. 12° 15' N., long. 102° 30' E.)], Thailand.","New or hitherto unrecorded Birds from Siam.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064236","Schoeniparus rufogularis khmerensis"],["24627","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus brunneus","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.280","Dusky Fulvetta","Dusky Fulvetta","Dusky Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to submontane understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, and grassy scrub, in southeastern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716624","dusful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusful1","avibase-22849F1D",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/362/mode/1up","Alcippe brunnea"],["24628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus brunneus olivaceus","(Styan, 1896)","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.7 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (Hubei, southern Shaanxi, Guizhou, and southeastern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B7ED9D6",null,null,"Ichang, Hupeh.","On some Chinese Species of the Genus Alcippe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/358/mode/1up","Alcippe olivacea"],["24629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus brunneus weigoldi","Stresemann, 1923","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Sichuan (west-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50BC45B7",null,null,"mountains near Kwanhsien, Szechwan.","Neue Formen aus Szetschwan.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012814","Schoeniparus brunneus weigoldi"],["24630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus brunneus argutus","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF81AB15",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/251/mode/1up","Proparus brunnea argutus"],["24631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus brunneus superciliaris","(David, 1874)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.3-6, art.9 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of southeastern China (Anhui to Guangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBB6928F",null,null,"Fukien.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/307/mode/1up","Ixulus superciliaris"],["24632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus brunneus brunneus","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D5AD173",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/362/mode/1up","Alcippe brunnea"],["24633","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus dubius","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.447","Rusty-capped Fulvetta","Rusty-capped Fulvetta","Rusty-capped Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to montane understory in broadleaf and pine forest, bracken bramble, bamboo scrub, and secondary growth, from Bhutan and northeastern India eastward to southeastern China, and southward to western Myanmar, western Thailand, and southern Laos and adjacent Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716627","rucful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucful1","avibase-D581A297",null,null,"'outskirts of the Pine forests above the Salween,' Salween District, Tenasserim, Lower Burma.","New species of Birds exhibited and characterized.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/467/mode/1up","Proparus dubius"],["24634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus dubius mandellii","(Godwin-Austen, 1876)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.17, no.97 p.33-34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D44FEB91",null,null,"Naga Hills, Assam.","IV. Description of a supposed new Suthora from the Dafla Hills, and a Minla from the Nágá Hills, with Remarks on Pictorhis (Chrysomma) altirostre, Jerdon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54309#page/47/mode/1up","Minla Mandellii"],["24635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus dubius intermedius","Rippon, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar (Kachin and Shan States) to southern China (Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44951BCB",null,null,"Loi Mai [lat. 20° 25' N., long. 97° 26' E.], Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.","[Description of new species of birds from the Shan States].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/169/mode/1up","Schoeniparus intermedius"],["24636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus dubius genestieri","(Oustalet, 1897)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 3, no.6 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southeastern Qinghai, Yunnan and western Guizhou) to northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FF1D139",null,null,"Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan,","Notice sur quelques Oiseaux de la Chine occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137048#page/220/mode/1up","Alcippe Genestieri"],["24637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus dubius cui","(Eames, 2002)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Mount Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C491319",null,null,"at c. 2,200 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh, 16 May 1996 [Vietnam]","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/154/mode/1up","Alcippe dubia cui"],["24638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus dubius dubius","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"pine forest of southern Myanmar and adjacent China (Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D77E3A",null,null,"'outskirts of the Pine forests above the Salween,' Salween District, Tenasserim, Lower Burma.","New species of Birds exhibited and characterized.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/467/mode/1up","Proparus dubius"],["24639","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus cinereus","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.449","Yellow-throated Fulvetta","Yellow-throated Fulvetta","Yellow-throated Fulvetta",null,null,"Nepal to northeastern Myanmar, southern China (Yunnan), and northern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716593","yetful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetful1","avibase-5DC957D6",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","Catalogue des oiseaux de Chine observés dans la partie septentrionale de l'Empire (au nord du fleuve-bleu) de 1862 à 1870.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/505/mode/1up","Minla cinerea"],["24640","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus variegaticeps","(Yen, 1932)","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ser.2, vol.4, no.4 p.383","Golden-fronted Fulvetta","Gold-fronted Fulvetta","Golden-fronted Fulvetta",null,null,"montane forest of southern China (eastern Sichuan and Guangxi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716588","gofful2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gofful2","avibase-169BEF6D",null,null,"Yaoshan, Kwangsi [=Guangxi], China","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de la Chine méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213700#page/401/mode/1up","Alcippe variegaticeps"],["24641","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus klossi","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1931)","Les oiseaux de l'Indochine française 2 p.308","Black-crowned Fulvetta","Black-crowned Fulvetta","Black-crowned Fulvetta",null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734588","bkcful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcful1","avibase-5736CF44",null,null,"Langbian Peaks, 5500-7500 ft. S.Annam. 16 April, 1918",null,null,"Alcippe castaneiceps klossi"],["24642","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus castaneceps","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.33","Rufous-winged Fulvetta","Rufous-winged Fulvetta","Rufous-winged Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to montane understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, forest edge, and bamboo, from central Nepal eastward to south-central China, and southward to western and southern Myanmar, adjacent Thailand, central Vietnam, and disjunctly on Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735177","ruwful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwful1","avibase-31A8AC8C",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"[Minla] Castaneceps"],["24643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus castaneceps castaneceps","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Assam, Myanmar, southeastern Tibet, and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA516418",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"[Minla] Castaneceps"],["24644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus castaneceps exul","(Delacour, 1932)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) to northern Thailand plateau, Laos, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2857C48",null,null,"Phu Kong-Ntul [ca. lat. 15° 23' N., long. 106° 25' E.], Laos.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/438/mode/1up","Alcippe castaneiceps exul"],["24645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus castaneceps stepanyani","(Eames, 2002)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Kon Tum and Gia Lai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-172819DB",null,null,"c. 2,200 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh, 9 May 1996 [Vietnam]","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/154/mode/1up","Alcippe castaneceps stepanyani"],["24646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Schoeniparus castaneceps soror","(Sharpe, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3 p.439-440, pl. XXXVIII, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malaya (northern Perak to southern Selangor and Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-924D5732",null,null,"Larut Range, Perak.","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/549/mode/1up","Minla soror"],["24647","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Pellorneum ruficeps [Swainson, 1832]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/661/mode/1up","Pellorneum"],["24648","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum palustre","Gould, 1872","The birds of Asia 3 pt24 pl.65,text","Marsh Babbler","Marsh Babbler","Marsh Babbler",null,null,"northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh to Cachar, Khasi, and Chittagong Hills)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715856","marbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marbab2","avibase-A9D2D8D4",null,null,"Cachar, Assam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122491#page/121/mode/1up","Pellorneum palustre"],["24649","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum fuscocapillus","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.815","Brown-capped Babbler","Brown-capped Babbler","Brown-capped Babbler",null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715862","bncbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncbab1","avibase-17132E4C",null,null,"Ceylon; inferentially restricted to 'S. W. Ceylon,' by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27 (3), p. 26, and here further restricted to Colombo.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/179/mode/1up","Dr[ymocataphus] fuscocapillus"],["24650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum fuscocapillus babaulti","(Wells, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"dry lowlands of northern and eastern Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F13FF662",null,null,"Trincomalee, Ceylon.","On behalf of Mr. Thomas Wells, description of a new subspecies of Babbler from North Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/207/mode/1up","Scotocichla fuscicapilla babaulti"],["24651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum fuscocapillus fuscocapillus","(Blyth, 1849)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.815",null,null,null,null,null,"wet zone of southwestern and central Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5102E817",null,null,"Ceylon; inferentially restricted to 'S. W. Ceylon,' by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27 (3), p. 26, and here further restricted to Colombo.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/179/mode/1up","Dr[ymocataphus] fuscocapillus"],["24652","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.487","Puff-throated Babbler","Puff-throated Babbler","Puff-throated Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory of broadleaf forest, bamboo, secondary growth, and lantana thickets, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to south-central China and northern Vietnam, and southward to Peninsular India, Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715859","putbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putbab1","avibase-D6800997",null,null,"India; type locality restricted to Coonoor, Madras, by Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/661/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps"],["24653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps olivaceum","Jerdon, 1839","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A72F8D87",null,null,"'jungles of Trichoor, Wurguncherry and Manantoddy' ; restricted to Trichur, Travancore-Cochin, by Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/281/mode/1up","P[ellorneum] olivaceum"],["24654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps ruficeps","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India (except southwestern Kerala and northern Eastern Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E16508E8",null,null,"India; type locality restricted to Coonoor, Madras, by Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/661/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps"],["24655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps pallidum","Abdulali, 1982","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79 no.1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India (northern Eastern Ghats)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE219E76",null,null,"Palkonda Hills, South Cuddapah, Madras [= Palkonda hills, Andhra Pradesh.]","On a new subspecies of Pellorneum ruficeps (Swainson) in peninsular India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191543#page/175/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps pallidum"],["24656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps punctatum","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.60 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kangra to Garhwal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-149D9A86",null,null,"'the Himalaya Mountains' ; type locality restricted to Kalka, Himachal Pradesh, by Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 5.","[Characters of New Species of Birds among a Collection from the Himalaya Mountains].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/309/mode/1up","Cinclidia punctata"],["24657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps mandellii","Blanford, 1871","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, and northeastern India (Darjeeling District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0146EC99",null,null,"Sikkim.","Notes on a collection of birds from Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/262/mode/1up","Pellorneum Mandellii"],["24658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps chamelum","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam south of the Brahmaputra (Garo Hills to Naga Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89FEA297",null,null,"Gunjong, Cachar, Assam.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/562/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps chamelum"],["24659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps pectorale","Godwin-Austen, 1877","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46, pt.2, no.1 p.41-42",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CC8145D",null,null,"Sadiya, Assam.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds of the Genera Pellorneum, Actinura, and Pomatorhinus; lately collected in the neighbourhood of Saddya, Assam, by Mr. M. J. Ogle of the Topographical Survey'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110105#page/51/mode/1up","Pellorneum pectoralis"],["24660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps ripleyi","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam south of the Brahmaputra (Lakhimpur District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97B59304",null,null,"Margherita, Lakhimpur, Assam.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/563/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps ripleyi"],["24661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps vocale","Deignan, 1951","Postilla 7 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (valley of central Manipur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-641FEBAE",null,null,"Kanglatongbi, Manipur.","New passerine birds from the Indo-Chinese subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/66/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps vocale"],["24662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps stageri","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Myitkyina and Bhamo districts)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D9BF1A8",null,null,"N'Pon Village (on left bank of the Irrawaddy, 15 miles north of Myitkyina), Kachin State, Upper Burma.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/564/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps stageri"],["24663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps shanense","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar (Northern and Southern Shan States) to southern China (southwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9E99C34",null,null,"Ma-li-pa [lat. 23° 41' N., long. 98° 46' E.], Northern Shan State, Upper Burma.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/565/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps shanense"],["24664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps hilarum","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"arid zone of central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85A220AF",null,null,"Kyundaw, Pakokku District, Magwe Division, Upper Burma.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/566/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps hilarum"],["24665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps victoriae","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D3706B5",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/566/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps victoriae"],["24666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps minus","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 no.2-4 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (lower Ayeyarwady River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62871F22",null,null,"Thayetmyo District, Magwe Division, Upper Burma.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/320/mode/1up","Pellorneum minor"],["24667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps subochraceum","Swinhoe, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.7, no.40 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and adjacent southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6383E559",null,null,"'the Tenasserim provinces' ; ⢠restricted to Moulmein, Amherst District, by Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 12.","XXXII. On four new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78387#page/271/mode/1up","Pellorneum subochraceum"],["24668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps insularum","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Mergui Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33AA848D",null,null,"Domel Island [lat. 11° 3r N., long. 98° 16' E.], Mergui Archipelago.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/566/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps insularum"],["24669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps acrum","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"central plains of Thailand and northern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A70519DB",null,null,"Yala [lat. 6° 30' N., long. 101° 15' E.], Thailand.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/569/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps acrum"],["24670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps chthonium","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northern plateau of Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7423DDF3",null,null,"Doi Suthep [lat. 18° 50' N., long. 98° 55' E.], Thailand.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/570/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps chthonium"],["24671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps indistinctum","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Mekong River drainage of northern plateau of Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-785808AA",null,null,"King Chiang Saen [lat. 20° 15' N., long. 100° 05' E.], Thailand.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/572/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps indistinctum"],["24672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps elbeli","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern part of eastern plateau of Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FF1F32D",null,null,"Ban Na Muang, near Muang Daen Sai [lat. 17° 15' N., long. 101° 05' E.], Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/432/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps elbeli"],["24673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps dusiti","Dickinson & Chaiyaphun, 1970","Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society 23 p.519",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Dong Phraya Fai Range (western part of northeastern Thailand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EA5E9CB",null,null,"Thung Salaeng Luanu National Park, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand (approx. 16 45'N 101 00'E)","Notes on Thai birds. 2. A first contribution to our knowledge on the birds of Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phisanulok Province.","https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/NHBSS_023_4-5h_Dickinson_NotesOnThaiBirds2A.pdf","Pellorneum ruficeps dusiti"],["24674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps oreum","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan between Mekong and Salween rivers)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82997F50",null,null,"Muong Moun [lat. 21° 42' N., long. 103° 21' E.], Tongking.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/572/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps oreum"],["24675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps vividum","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Yunnan (Red River Valley) to far northern Tonkin and central Annam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B0E0F35",null,null,"Hokow, southeastern Yunnan.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/239/mode/1up","Pellorneum nipalense vividum"],["24676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps ubonense","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern part of eastern plateau of Thailand and adjacent southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5D8670A",null,null,"Ban Chanuman [lat. 16° 15' N., long. 105° 00' E.], Thailand.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/574/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps ubonense"],["24677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps deignani","Delacour, 1951","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 21 (2) p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-072DA45A",null,null,"Da Ban [lat. 12° 38' N., long. 109° 06' E.], Annam.","Commentaires, modifications et additions à la liste des oiseaux d'Indochine française.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/314033#page/11/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps deignani"],["24678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps dilloni","Delacour, 1951","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 21 (2) p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE012ED5",null,null,"Trang Bom [lat. 10° 56' N., long. 107° 00' E.], Cochin China.","Commentaires, modifications et additions à la liste des oiseaux d'Indochine française.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/314033#page/12/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps dilloni"],["24679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps euroum","Deignan, 1947","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no.14 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"central plains of Thailand (east of Chao Phaya) to western Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-623691F9",null,null,"Chanthaburi [lat. 12° 35' N., long. 102° 05' E.], Thailand.","A review of the races of the Spotted Babbling Thrush, Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93441#page/575/mode/1up","Pellorneum ruficeps euroum"],["24680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum ruficeps smithi","Riley, 1924","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37, no.22 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"islets off coastal southeastern Thailand and Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7A50191",null,null,"Ko Chang [lat. 12° 00' N., long. 102° 30' E.], Thailand.","A new Spotted Babbler from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/169/mode/1up","Pellorneum smithi"],["24681","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum capistratoides","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.128-29, pl. 36","Bornean Black-capped Babbler","Bornean Black-capped Babbler",null,"2025-0774","<em>Pellorneum capistratum</em> is treated as three species based on genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological evidence (Garg et al. 2022): <em>nigrocapitatum </em>(monotypic); <em>capistratoides </em>(polytypic, including <em>morrelli</em>); and <em>capistratum </em>(monotypic).","Borneo",null,null,null,"bbcbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbcbab1","avibase-2510ED3A",null,null,"Borneo; here restricted to Pontianak [lat. 0° 02' S., long. 109° 22' E.].","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/277/mode/1up","Goldana capistratoides"],["24682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum capistratoides capistratoides","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.128-29, pl. 36",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97EA3ABC",null,null,"Borneo; here restricted to Pontianak [lat. 0° 02' S., long. 109° 22' E.].","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/277/mode/1up","Goldana capistratoides"],["24683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum capistratoides morrelli","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Borneo including Banggi (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024287AF",null,null,"Kudat, North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Pellorneum capistratum morrelli"],["24684","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum capistratum","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.31, vol.2 pl.185 fig.1","Javan Black-capped Babbler","Javan Black-capped Babbler","Rufous-browed Babbler","2025-0774","<em>Pellorneum capistratum</em> is treated as three species based on genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological evidence (Garg et al. 2022): <em>nigrocapitatum </em>(monotypic); <em>capistratoides </em>(polytypic, including <em>morrelli</em>); and <em>capistratum </em>(monotypic).","Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103869220","bkcbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbab2","avibase-492BAC9A",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/481/mode/1up","Myiothera capistrata"],["24685","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum nigrocapitatum","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.103","Malayan Black-capped Babbler","Malayan Black-capped Babbler",null,"2025-0774","<em>Pellorneum capistratum</em> is treated as three species based on genomic, bioacoustic, and morphological evidence (Garg et al. 2022): <em>nigrocapitatum </em>(monotypic); <em>capistratoides </em>(polytypic, including <em>morrelli</em>); and <em>capistratum </em>(monotypic).","Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Bangka, Belitung and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,"bkcbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbab1","avibase-C6F6347F",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/633/mode/1up","Brachypteryx nigrocapitata"],["24686","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum cinereiceps","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.617","Ashy-headed Babbler","Ashy-headed Babbler","Ashy-headed Babbler",null,null,"southern Philippines (Balabac and Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715837","ashbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashbab1","avibase-CAA4C9CE",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/203/mode/1up","Drymocataphus cinereiceps"],["24687","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum malaccense","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Systematisches Verzeichniss der naturhistorischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum. Erste Abtheilung. Voegel 1 p.40","Short-tailed Babbler","Short-tailed Babbler","Short-tailed Babbler",null,null,"central and southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and associated islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715834","shtbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtbab1","avibase-BF150AB3",null,null,"Malacca.",null,null,"B[rachypteryx] malaccensis"],["24688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum malaccense malaccense","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Systematisches Verzeichniss der naturhistorischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum. Erste Abtheilung. Voegel 1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and nearby islands, Anambas and North Natuna islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F9D685B",null,null,"Malacca.",null,null,"B[rachypteryx] malaccensis"],["24689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum malaccense saturatum","(Robinson & Kloss, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40, no.247 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"Sarawak and western and central Kalimantan (western and central Borneo), and Bangka and Belitung islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D6FCBCC",null,null,"Sungei Tinjar, Baram district, Sarawak.","On behalf of Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. B. Kloss, description of a new race of Short-tailed Babbler from Sarawak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/336/mode/1up","Anuropsis malaccensis saturata"],["24690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum malaccense poliogene","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.5 p.93-21, pl. 31",null,null,null,null,null,"Brunei, Sabah, and eastern Kalimantan (eastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D93F347",null,null,"Borneo, ex Boie; type from the Sungei Karau, southeastern Borneo, fide Büttikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 84.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/256/mode/1up","Brachypteryx poliogenis"],["24691","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum bicolor","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.138","Ferruginous Babbler","Ferruginous Babbler","Ferruginous Babbler",null,null,"lowlands of Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka Island, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715798","ferbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferbab1","avibase-D4A0A875",null,null,"Sumatra.","Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/146/mode/1up","Brachypteryx bicolor"],["24692","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum rostratum","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.795","White-chested Babbler","White-chested Babbler","White-chested Babbler","2025-1210","Taxon <em>macropterum </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Pellorneum rostratum</em> based on overall similarity in plumage, structure, and vocalizations, combined with moderate mitochondrial DNA and genomic divergence (Cros et al. 2020). However, songs of <em>macropterum</em> do not involve duetting (Eaton et al. 2016), which is typical of <em>rostratum</em>;<em> </em>the significance of this in terms of species limits remains to be tested.","Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Riau and Lingga islands (east of central Sumatra), Belitung (east of southern Sumatra), and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715792","whcbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcbab1","avibase-F13200CB",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/211/mode/1up","Tr[ichastoma] rostratum"],["24693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum rostratum rostratum","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.795",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Belitung Island, and Riau and Lingga archipelagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5700CD9",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/211/mode/1up","Tr[ichastoma] rostratum"],["24694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum rostratum macropterum","(Salvadori, 1868)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 3 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo including Banggi (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BAFFD66",null,null,"Sarawak.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=l_RSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA528","Brachypteryx macroptera"],["24695","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum celebense","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.127-28, pl.35 fig.","Sulawesi Babbler","Sulawesi Babbler","Sulawesi Babbler",null,null,"Sulawesi and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715795","sulbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulbab1","avibase-F876CBEE",null,null,"Celebes ; type specimen characteristic of population of northern peninsula.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/274/mode/1up","Trichostoma celebense"],["24696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum celebense celebense","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology no.6-7 p.127-28, pl.35 fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"northern peninsular Sulawesi, including Bangka, Lembeh, and Manterawu islands (off northeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-413D12B1",null,null,"Celebes ; type specimen characteristic of population of northern peninsula.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/274/mode/1up","Trichostoma celebense"],["24697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum celebense rufofuscum","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central, south-central, and southeastern Sulawesi, including Buton Island (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CBEF54D",null,null,"Uru [lat. 3° 30' S., long. 119° 56' E.], Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. II. Neue Vogelrassen aus dem Latimodjong-Gebirge.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0044-0047.pdf#page=2","Aethostoma celebense rufofuscum"],["24698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum celebense finschi","(Walden, 1876)","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.23 p.378, pl. XI, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-467DF909",null,null,"Makassar District, Celebes.","Description of a new Species of the Genus Trichostoma from the Island of Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/400/mode/1up","Trichostoma finschi"],["24699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum celebense togianense","(Voous, 1952)","Ardea 40 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Togian Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39A702FF",null,null,"Malenge, Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini.","A new race of Babbler from the Togian Islands, North Celebes.","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1960","Malacocincla celebensis togianensis"],["24700","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum albiventre","(Godwin-Austen, 1877)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 45, pt.2, no.4 p.199","Spot-throated Babbler","Spot-throated Babbler","Spot-throated Babbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane dense understory in pine forest, scrub, secondary growth, and bamboo, from eastern Bhutan and northeastern India eastward to northern Vietnam, and southward to northern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715853","sptbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sptbab1","avibase-E91198DD",null,null,"Sengmai, Manipur.","Fifth List of Birds from the Hill Ranges of the North-East Frontier of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114186#page/215/mode/1up","Niornis albiventris"],["24701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum albiventre albiventre","(Godwin-Austen, 1877)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 45, pt.2, no.4 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"Bhutan/Assam border to western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31498B99",null,null,"Sengmai, Manipur.","Fifth List of Birds from the Hill Ranges of the North-East Frontier of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114186#page/215/mode/1up","Niornis albiventris"],["24702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum albiventre ignotum","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5, no.3 & 4 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACE678A2",null,null,"'Dollah,' near Sadiya, Assam.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/352/mode/1up","Pellorneum ignotum"],["24703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum albiventre pusillum","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern regions of northern Laos and western Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F50CCE61",null,null,"Tam Dao [lat. 21° 2r N., long. 105° 40' E.], Tongking.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/201/mode/1up","Drymocataphus pusillus"],["24704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum albiventre cinnamomeum","(Rippon, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar to northwestern Thailand, southern Laos, and southern Annam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7783C3B2",null,null,"Loi Mai [lat. 20° 25' N., long. 97° 26' E.], Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.","[Description of new species of birds from the Shan States].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/170/mode/1up","Drymocataphus cinnamomeus"],["24705","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum tickelli","Blyth, 1859","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.414","Buff-breasted Babbler","Buff-breasted Babbler","Buff-breasted Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill understory in evergreen forest, secondary growth, and bamboo thickets, from northeastern India and western Myanmar eastward to south-central China, and southward to Malayan Peninsula and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731957","bubbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubbab1","avibase-F013EAF4",null,null,"mountainous interior of Tenasserim; type from 'Woods of Teewap'hado, 1,100 to 1,500 feet,' Amherst District, fide Tickell, 1860, ibid. (1859), p. 449.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/426/mode/1up","Pellornium Tickelli"],["24706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum tickelli assamense","(Sharpe, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.557",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India and eastern Bangladesh to northern and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82572C52",null,null,"Dikrang valley, Dhollah, northeastern Assam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/577/mode/1up","Drymocataphus assamensis"],["24707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum tickelli grisescens","(Ticehurst, 1932)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-005131EA",null,null,"? 'Nyaunggyo stream, Taungup-Prome cart-road, Arakan Yoma, 2,500 feet, Lower Burma.","Descriptions of new Indian forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/56/mode/1up","Drymocataphus tickelli grisescens"],["24708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum tickelli fulvum","(Walden, 1875)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.15, no.90 p.401-402",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Yunnan) to northeastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AF630C9",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma.","L. Descriptions of some undescribed species of Birds discovered by Lieutenant Wardlaw Ramsay in Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53338#page/415/mode/1up","Drymocataphus fulvus"],["24709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum tickelli annamense","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Vietnam to southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A6EC846",null,null,"Col des Nuages [lat. 16° 11' N., long. 108° 08' E.], Annam.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/51/mode/1up","Drymocataphus tickelli annamensis"],["24710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum tickelli tickelli","Blyth, 1859","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Malayan Peninsula and adjacent Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-569D8C48",null,null,"mountainous interior of Tenasserim; type from 'Woods of Teewap'hado, 1,100 to 1,500 feet,' Amherst District, fide Tickell, 1860, ibid. (1859), p. 449.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/426/mode/1up","Pellornium Tickelli"],["24711","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum buettikoferi","(Vorderman, 1892)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 51 p.230","Sumatran Babbler","Sumatran Babbler","Sumatran Babbler",null,null,"southern Sumatra and Belitung Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731962","sumbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumbab1","avibase-1DEBB8DB",null,null,"Lampung district, southern Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122303#page/258/mode/1up","Trichostoma büttikoferi"],["24712","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum pyrrogenys","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.74, vol.2 pl.442 fig.2","Temminck's Babbler","Temminck's Babbler","Temminck's Babbler",null,null,"montane Java and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715845","tembab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tembab1","avibase-0CA4E55F",null,null,"Java ; type locality restricted to Bantam Province, by Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 346.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/489/mode/1up","Myiothera pyrrogenys"],["24713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum pyrrogenys pyrrogenys","(Temminck, 1827)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.74, vol.2 pl.442 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2F51330",null,null,"Java ; type locality restricted to Bantam Province, by Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 346.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/489/mode/1up","Myiothera pyrrogenys"],["24714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum pyrrogenys erythrote","(Sharpe, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.567-568, pl. XIII, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western Sarawak (Mount Poi and Mount Penrissen; western Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96053B8C",null,null,"Borneo; type characteristic of population of western Sarawak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/587/mode/1up","Malacopterum erythrote"],["24715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum pyrrogenys longstaffi","(Harrisson & Hartley, 1934)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central and eastern Sarawak to southern and eastern Kalimantan (northwestern to eastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5934559",null,null,"Mount Dulit, Sarawak.","Descriptions of new races from mountain areas in Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/192/mode/1up","Malacocincla canicapillus longstaffi"],["24716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Pellorneum pyrrogenys canicapillus","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Sabah (northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-905453AD",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/506/mode/1up","Turdinus canicapillus"],["24717","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Laticilla","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.596",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Eurycercus burnesii [Blyth, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/142/mode/1up","Laticilla"],["24718","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Laticilla cinerascens","(Walden, 1874)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.14, no.80 p.156-157","Swamp Grass Babbler","Swamp Grass Babbler","Swamp Grass-babbler",null,null,"wet grassland of northeastern India (Assam) and northern Bangladesh",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735351","swapri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swapri1","avibase-B96E3F33",null,null,"Dobri (= Dhubri), lower Bengal.","XXI. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53304#page/170/mode/1up","Eurycercus cinerascens"],["24719","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Laticilla burnesii","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.374","Rufous-vented Grass Babbler","Rufous-vented Grass Babbler","Rufous-vented Grass-babbler",null,null,"Indus River Valley of Pakistan, and northwestern India (Punjab) to eastern Nepal",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735835","ruvpri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvpri1","avibase-83DCEA75",null,null,"Indus territories.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/564/mode/1up","Eu[rycercus] Burnesii"],["24720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Laticilla burnesii burnesii","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"Indus River Valley of Pakistan, and northwestern India (Punjab)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C05886FB",null,null,"Indus territories.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/564/mode/1up","Eu[rycercus] Burnesii"],["24721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Laticilla burnesii nipalensis","(Baral, Basnet, Chaudhary et al., 2007)","Danphe 16 no.4 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58B3EF28",null,null,"Madhuban, Koshi River, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Sunsari District, Koshi Zone, Nepal","A new subspecies of Rufous-vented Prinia Prinia burnesii (Aves: Cisticolidae) from Nepal","https://web.archive.org/web/20210620223131/http://www.planetofbirds.com/ns/Nepal%20Rufous-vented%20Prinia.pdf","Prinia burnesii nipalensis"],["24722","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.42 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdirostris fulvescens [Cassin, 1859]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Catalogue of Birds collected on the rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. du Chailluin 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species by John Cassin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/440/mode/1up","Illadopsis"],["24723","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis fulvescens","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.54","Brown Illadopsis","Brown Illadopsis","Brown Illadopsis",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest understory, bushy edges to forest, and riverine thickets, from southwestern Senegal eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya, and thence southward to northwestern and northeastern Angola, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715914","broill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broill1","avibase-3805ACAD",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/72/mode/1up","Turdirostris fulvescens"],["24724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis fulvescens gularis","Sharpe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.474-475",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to western Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7543BBC",null,null,"Elmina, Ghana.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/496/mode/1up","Illadopsis gularis"],["24725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis fulvescens moloneyana","(Sharpe, 1892)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.2 p.228, pl. XX, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ghana and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8402A972",null,null,"Gold Coast [= Ghana] .","Descriptions of some new Species of Timeliine Birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/292/mode/1up","Turdinus moloneyanus"],["24726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis fulvescens iboensis","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Nigeria to western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABED41C8",null,null,"Okuta, southwestern Nigeria.","Description of new genera, species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/508/mode/1up","Turdinus moloneyanus iboensis"],["24727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis fulvescens fulvescens","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C034335",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/72/mode/1up","Turdirostris fulvescens"],["24728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis fulvescens ugandae","(Van Someren, 1915)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Sudan, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-161C4411",null,null,"Sezibwa River forest, Uganda.","Exhibition and description of six new Birds from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/155/mode/1up","Turdinus ugandae"],["24729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis fulvescens dilutior","(White, 1953)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73, no.8 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46BDC0AD",null,null,"Ndala Tando [= Vila Salazar] , northern Angola.","Systematic Notes on African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/142/mode/1up","Malacocincla fulvescens dilutior"],["24730","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis rufipennis","(Sharpe, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.60 p.451","Pale-breasted Illadopsis","Pale-breasted Illadopsis","Pale-breasted Illadopsis","2025-0775","Taxon <em>distans </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Illadopsis rufipennis</em> (polytypic) based on strong vocal differences (Boesman 2016eee), supported by divergence in some plumage traits, and genetics with mitochondrial DNA data recovering <em>I. rufipennis </em>as non-monophyletic (Fjeldså &amp; Bowie 2021). Taxon <em>puguensis </em>is treated as a synonym of <em>distans </em>based on a lack of evidence of distinctness.","lowland to foothill (to montane in east) primary and secondary forest from Sierra Leone eastward through Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to western Kenya, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola), northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103869025","pabill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabill1","avibase-64078193",null,null,"Gabon.","LXVII. Description of some new Species of Birds in the National Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/465/mode/1up","Trichastoma rufipennis"],["24731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis rufipennis extrema","(Bates, 1930)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3D94EE7",null,null,"near Nzerekore, French Guinea.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/81/mode/1up","Malacocincla rufipennis extrema"],["24732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis rufipennis bocagei","(Salvadori, 1903)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 18, no.442 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42DDBD6B",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Caratteri di due nuove specie di Uccelli di Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226531#page/111/mode/1up","Turdinus bocagei"],["24733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis rufipennis rufipennis","(Sharpe, 1872)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.60 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria eastward to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania and southward to northwestern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E7D7462",null,null,"Gabon.","LXVII. Description of some new Species of Birds in the National Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/465/mode/1up","Trichastoma rufipennis"],["24734","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis distans","(Friedmann, 1928)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.48","Tanzanian Illadopsis","Tanzanian Illadopsis","Grey-breasted Illadopsis","2025-0775","Taxon <em>distans </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Illadopsis rufipennis</em> (polytypic) based on strong vocal differences (Boesman 2016eee), supported by divergence in some plumage traits, and genetics with mitochondrial DNA data recovering <em>I. rufipennis </em>as non-monophyletic (Fjeldså &amp; Bowie 2021). Taxon <em>puguensis </em>is treated as a synonym of <em>distans </em>based on a lack of evidence of distinctness.","patchy in lowland to submontane dense understory in primary and secondary forest, and riparian thickets, in highlands of northeastern and central Tanzania (Pugu Hills)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103869063","pabill3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabill3","avibase-A14D3117",null,null,"Amani, Usambara Mountains, northeastern Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Two new Birds from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Turdinus rufipennis distans"],["24735","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis pyrrhoptera","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.75","Mountain Illadopsis","Mountain Illadopsis","Mountain Illadopsis",null,null,"disjunctly in montane undergrowth and bamboo from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastward to western Kenya, southward to Burundi and western Tanzania, and in northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715918","mouill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouill1","avibase-596BDE51",null,null,"Mau [lat. 0° 10' S., long. 35° 41' E.], Kenya.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/91/mode/1up","Callene pyrrhoptera"],["24736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis pyrrhoptera pyrrhoptera","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Democratic Republic of the Congo to Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F7654C6",null,null,"Mau [lat. 0° 10' S., long. 35° 41' E.], Kenya.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/91/mode/1up","Callene pyrrhoptera"],["24737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis pyrrhoptera nyasae","(Benson, 1939)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F42EFC8C",null,null,"Nyakhowa Mountain (Mount Laws), near Livingstonia, Nyasaland.","A new Hill Babbler from Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/73/mode/1up","Pseudoalcippe pyrrhoptera nyasae"],["24738","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis albipectus","(Reichenow, 1888)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.179 p.307","Scaly-breasted Illadopsis","Scaly-breasted Illadopsis","Scaly-breasted Illadopsis",null,null,"foothill to submontane dense understory of primary forest, seasonal swamp-forest, and selectively-logged forest, from northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southeastern Central African Republic eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya, and southward to central Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Tanzania, and disjunctly in northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715895","scbill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbill1","avibase-2D157C82",null,null,"Stanley Falls, Belgian Congo.","Ueber eine Vogelsammlung aus dem Kongo-Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/319/mode/1up","Turdinus albipectus"],["24739","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis cleaveri","(Shelley, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.13 p.89","Blackcap Illadopsis","Blackcap Illadopsis","Black-capped Illadopsis",null,null,"lowland to montane primary forest, and swamp forest, from Sierra Leone and Liberia (reported from southern Guinea) eastward to eastern and southern Nigeria, Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and southwestern Central African Republic, and thence southward to far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715891","blaill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaill1","avibase-58BB1A14",null,null,"Fanti region, Ghana.","Description of a new Timaliine Bird from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/115/mode/1up","Drymocataphus cleaveri"],["24740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis cleaveri johnsoni","(Büttikofer, 1889)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XI, Note XXIII p.97-98",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and Liberia (Ivory Coast?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED901DFB",null,null,"Hill Town, Dukwia, Liberia.","On two probably new birds from Liberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37330#page/109/mode/1up","Drymocataphus johnsoni"],["24741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis cleaveri cleaveri","(Shelley, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.13 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C033677E",null,null,"Fanti region, Ghana.","Description of a new Timaliine Bird from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/115/mode/1up","Drymocataphus cleaveri"],["24742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis cleaveri marchanti","Serle, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-261F53CC",null,null,"Omanelu [lat. 5° 12' N., long. 6° 52' E.], Nigeria.","A New Race of Babbler from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/44/mode/1up","Illadopsis cleaveri marchanti"],["24743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis cleaveri batesi","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Central African Republic and Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-407507C9",null,null,"Efulen [lat. 2° 42' N., long. 10° 30' E.], French Cameroons.","New birds from the Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/258/mode/1up","Turdinus batesi"],["24744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis cleaveri poensis","Bannerman, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B644883",null,null,"near Bakaki, Fernando Po.","Description of a new race of the Blackcap Akalat from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/145/mode/1up","Illadopsis cleaveri poensis"],["24745","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis turdina","(Hartlaub, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.164 p.425","Spotted Thrush-Babbler","Thrush Babbler","Spotted Illadopsis",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill riverine thickets, and gallery forest, in north-central and eastern Cameroon, in Central African Republic eastward to southern South Sudan and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715938","thrbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thrbab1","avibase-874C8B3C",null,null,"Tomaya [lat. 4° 38' N., long. 29° 50' E.], Sudan.","Diagnosen einiger neuer Vögel aus dem östlich-äquatorialen Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/437/mode/1up","Ptyrticus turdinus"],["24746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis turdina harterti","(Grote, 1921)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.5 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland of central Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43685F66",null,null,"Upper Kadei region, Cameroons.","Neue Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/50/mode/1up","Ptyrticus turdinus harterti"],["24747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis turdina turdina","(Hartlaub, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.164 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Central African Republic, far southern South Sudan, and adjacent northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80624797",null,null,"Tomaya [lat. 4° 38' N., long. 29° 50' E.], Sudan.","Diagnosen einiger neuer Vögel aus dem östlich-äquatorialen Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/437/mode/1up","Ptyrticus turdinus"],["24748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis turdina upembae","(Verheyen, 1951)","Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 27, no.50 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7BCA816",null,null,"Kabwe [lat. 8° 48' S., long. 26° 50' E.], Belgian Congo.","Notes sur la Faune Ornithologique de l'Afrique Centrale. IX Description de trois oiseaux nouveaux du Katanga (Congo belge).","https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences/27-1951/irscnb_p4087_00fc31p_27_bulletin-50.pdf#page=2","Ptyrticus turdinus upembae"],["24749","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis rufescens","(Reichenow, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.209","Rufous-winged Illadopsis","Rufous-winged Illadopsis","Rufous-winged Illadopsis",null,null,"foothill to submontane dense understory of primary forest, seasonal swamp-forest, and selectively logged forest, from northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southeastern Central African Republic eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya, and southward to central Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Tanzania, and disjunctly in northwestern Angola",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715899","ruwill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwill1","avibase-640FA04F",null,null,"Liberia.","[Traurige Mitteilungen, dass die bieden Reisenden, Herrn Schweizer und Höpfner, welche Herr Dr. Dohrn nach Afrika entsendet, dem furchtbaren Klima jenes Erdtheils zum Opfer gefallen sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/221/mode/1up","Turdirostris rufescens"],["24750","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis puveli","(Salvadori, 1901)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.40 p.767","Puvel's Illadopsis","Puvel's Illadopsis","Puvel's Illadopsis",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill riverine thickets, and understory of gallery forest, from southwestern Senegambia eastward to Cameroon, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, adjacent southern South Sudan and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715906","puvill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puvill1","avibase-0058E798",null,null,"Río Cassine [=Río Cacine], Portuguese Guinea [Guinea-Bissau].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33521#page/775/mode/1up","Turdinus puveli"],["24751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis puveli puveli","(Salvadori, 1901)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.40 p.767",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3D63A00",null,null,"Río Cassine [=Río Cacine], Portuguese Guinea [Guinea-Bissau].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33521#page/775/mode/1up","Turdinus puveli"],["24752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Illadopsis puveli strenuipes","(Bannerman, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to central Cameroon, and disjunctly in southern South Sudan, far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89E00E4C",null,null,"Iju Waterworks, near Lagos, southwestern Nigeria.","Exhibition and descriptions of seven new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/35/mode/1up","Turdinus strenuipes"],["24753","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Kenopia","Gray, 1869","Hand-list of genera and species of birds, distinguishing those contained in the British Museum 1 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Timalia striata [Blyth, 1842]; type by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, p. 223).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118759#page/343/mode/1up","Kenopia"],["24754","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Kenopia striata","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.128 p.793","Striped Wren-Babbler","Striped Wren-Babbler","Striped Wren-babbler",null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716026","stwbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stwbab3","avibase-52B32004",null,null,"Singapore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. (Friday evening, 15th July, 1842.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/209/mode/1up","T[imalia] striata"],["24755","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilocichla falcata [Sharpe, 1877]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/454/mode/1up","Ptilocichla"],["24756","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla mindanensis","(Blasius, 1890)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.94 p.877","Striated Wren-Babbler","Striated Wren-Babbler","Striated Wren-babbler",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716014","stwbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stwbab2","avibase-E056E59C",null,null,"Mindanao, Philippine Islands; type from Davao, fide Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 482.",null,null,"Ptilopyga mindanensis"],["24757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla mindanensis minuta","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Leyte and Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E0DC91C",null,null,"Samar, Philippine Islands ; type specimens from Catbalogan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/28/mode/1up","Ptilocichla minuta"],["24758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla mindanensis fortichi","Rand & Rabor, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76AFAC2D",null,null,"Cantaub, Sierra Bullones, Bohol, Philippine Islands.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/7/mode/1up","Ptilocichla mindanensis fortichi"],["24759","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla mindanensis mindanensis","(Blasius, 1890)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.94 p.877",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11D54BA2",null,null,"Mindanao, Philippine Islands; type from Davao, fide Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 482.",null,null,"Ptilopyga mindanensis"],["24760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla mindanensis basilanica","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D9E4F4D",null,null,"Basilan, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/22/mode/1up","Ptiocichla (?) Basilanica"],["24761","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla leucogrammica","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.257","Bornean Wren-Babbler","Bornean Wren-Babbler","Bornean Wren-babbler",null,null,"patchily distributed lowlands of Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716010","bowbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bowbab1","avibase-84D17453",null,null,"Borneo; type specimen from Pontianak [lat. 0° 02' S., long. 109° 22' E.], fide Büttikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 72.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/407/mode/1up","[Cacopitta] leucogrammica"],["24762","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Ptilocichla falcata","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.332 pl.50 fig.3","Falcated Wren-Babbler","Falcated Wren-Babbler","Falcated Wren-babbler",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Balabac and Palawan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716018","fawbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fawbab1","avibase-E86FF436",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/454/mode/1up","Ptilocichla falcata"],["24763","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera","Gray, 1842","Appendix to a list of the genera of birds Ed.2Appendix p.8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Myiothera epilepidota [Temminck, 1828]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Napothera"],["24764","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.75, vol.2 pl.448 fig.2","Eyebrowed Wren-Babbler","Eyebrowed Wren-Babbler","Eyebrowed Wren-babbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, and bamboo thicket in conifer forest, from northeastern India eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Borneo, Sumatra, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716094","eywbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eywbab1","avibase-F8F526E4",null,null,"Java and Sumatra ; restricted to Java, by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 565.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/494/mode/1up","Myiothera epilepidota"],["24765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota delacouri","Yen, 1934","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 4 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan and Yao Shan region of Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6AD8AF7",null,null,"Yao Shan, Kwangsi.","Les Oiseaux du Kwangsi (Chine).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311774#page/38/mode/1up","Napothera epilepidota Delacouri"],["24766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota amyae","(Kinnear, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC0E505A",null,null,"Bao Ha [lat. 22° 10' N., long. 104° 2r E.], Tongking.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/101/mode/1up","Turdinulus epilepidotus amyae"],["24767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota lucilleae","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.352, pl. 21, lower fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"lower montane Sumatra (900-1100 m)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A5A1BAE",null,null,"de Schauensee and Ripley, 1940, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91 (1939), p. 352, pl. 21, lower fig.  Meluwak, near Gunong Leuser, Acheh, Sumatra.","Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Part I - Birds of Atjeh.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064293","Napothera exsul lucilleae"],["24768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota roberti","(Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.18 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-018916DB",null,null,"Chakha, Manipur.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/284/mode/1up","Pnoepyga roberti"],["24769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota guttaticollis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.4 p.432-433",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of northern Assam (north of the Brahmaputra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A5729CF",null,null,"Miri Hills, Assam.","On a new Species of Babbler from the Miri Hills to the North of Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/488/mode/1up","Turdinulus guttaticollis"],["24770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota bakeri","(Harington, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar (Southern Shan and Karenni states)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5A23DBB",null,null,"Na Noi, Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.","Exhibition and description of two new forms of Turdinulus from the Southern Shan States, with a key to the species of the genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/78/mode/1up","Turdinulus epilepidotus bakeri"],["24771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota davisoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thailand southward to southern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13BE99BA",null,null,"Thaungya Sakan and Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenasserim.","Description of a new species of Wren-Babbler from Tenasserim and of a new species of Sibia from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/369/mode/1up","Turdinulus davisoni"],["24772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota laotiana","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Yunnan (southern China) and northern, central, and southeastern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36223397",null,null,"Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.] , Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/51/mode/1up","Turdinulus epilepidotus laotianus"],["24773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota hainana","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D28699E6",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/250/mode/1up","Turdinulus roberti hainanus"],["24774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota clara","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A01D2213",null,null,"Dalat [lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/684/mode/1up","Turdinulus epilepidotus clarus"],["24775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota granti","(Richmond, 1900)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1201 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-568297DD",null,null,"Khao Soi Dao [lat. 7° 20' N., long. 99° 50' E.], Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/370/mode/1up","Turdinulus granti"],["24776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota epilepidota","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.75, vol.2 pl.448 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western and central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D8C7441",null,null,"Java and Sumatra ; restricted to Java, by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 565.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/494/mode/1up","Myiothera epilepidota"],["24777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota diluta","(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 73 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"higher montane Sumatra (1300–1600 m)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-429D0F8E",null,null,"Sungei Kumbang [lat. 1° 48' S., long. 101° 20' E.], Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and sub-species of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb.-June 1914.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130712#page/326/mode/1up","Turdinulus epilepidotus dilutus"],["24778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera epilepidota exsul","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12B0368C",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Diagnoses of some new Species of Birds obtained on the Mountain of Kina Balu by Mr. John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/507/mode/1up","Turdinulus exsul"],["24779","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera malacoptila","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.155","Long-billed Wren-Babbler","Long-billed Wren-Babbler","Long-billed Wren-babbler",null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Sikkim to eastern Assam and northeastern Myanmar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735139","lbwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lbwbab1","avibase-9293E8A9",null,null,"Darjeeling, Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/187/mode/1up","R[imator] malacoptilus"],["24780","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera pasquieri","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.401","White-throated Wren-Babbler","White-throated Wren-Babbler","White-throated Wren-babbler",null,null,"northern Vietnam (Fan Si Pan Mountains)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734528","whtwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtwrb1","avibase-8E29E9C5",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104° 4r E.], 2,500 m., Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Rimator pasquieri"],["24781","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera naungmungensis","(Rappole, Renner, Nay Myo Shwe & Sweet, 2005)","The Auk 122, no.4 p.1064-1069","Naung Mung Scimitar Babbler","Naung Mung Scimitar-Babbler","Naung Mung Wren-babbler",null,null,"sub-Himalayan Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103870218","namscb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/namscb1","avibase-10D3B698",null,null,"Naung Mung, Naung Mung Township, Kachin State, Union of Myanmar, elevation 540 m, 27°30’N, 97°48’E, collected 6 February 2004 by Nay Myo Shwe","A new species of scimitar-babbler (timaliidae: jabouilleia) from the sub-himalayan region of Myanmar","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/122/4/1064/5562587","Jabouilleia naungmungensis"],["24782","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera albostriata","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.224","Sumatran Wren-Babbler","Sumatran Wren-Babbler","Sumatran Wren-babbler",null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734523","sumwrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumwrb1","avibase-E87A913F",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/230/mode/1up","Rimator albo-striatus"],["24783","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera danjoui","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.579","Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler","Short-tailed Scimitar-Babbler","Indochinese Wren-babbler",null,null,"lowland to submontane understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, often in rocky areas, in Vietnam and adjacent central Laos",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103869790","stsbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stsbab1","avibase-D6493AE5",null,null,"Lang Biam Mountains, Vietnam","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/681/mode/1up","Rimator danjoui"],["24784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera danjoui parvirostris","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Col des Nuages)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-093432F5",null,null,"Bana, near the Col des Nuages [lat. 16° 11' N., long. 108° 08' E.], Annam.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/200/mode/1up","Jabouilleia danjoui parvirostris"],["24785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Napothera danjoui danjoui","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.579",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A4D03CB",null,null,"Lang Biam Mountains, Vietnam","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/681/mode/1up","Rimator danjoui"],["24786","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.600",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Malacocincla abbotti [Blyth, 1845]; type by monotypy; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/146/mode/1up","Malacocincla"],["24787","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.601","Abbott's Babbler","Abbott's Babbler","Abbott's Babbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, riverine forest, swampy coastal scrub, and mangroves, from southern Nepal, eastern and northeastern India, and western Myanmar eastward to central Vietnam, and southward to Sumatra, Borneo, and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715811","abbbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abbbab1","avibase-B0AD6BC8",null,null,"Ramree Island, Arakan, Lower Burma.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/147/mode/1up","M[alacocincla] Abbotti"],["24788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti abbotti","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.601",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand, northwestern Malayan Peninsula, and Mergui Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F9D449",null,null,"Ramree Island, Arakan, Lower Burma.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/147/mode/1up","M[alacocincla] Abbotti"],["24789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui","Ripley & Beehler, 1985","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 105, no.2 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India (Eastern Ghats in northern Andhra Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD01B760",null,null,"Pedevalasa, Chintapalli Teluk, Vizag District, Andhra Pradesh [= Pedevalasa, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh.]","A new subspecies of the babbler Malacocincla abbotti from the Eastern Ghats, India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/291/mode/1up","Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui"],["24790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti williamsoni","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.5 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Thailand (eastern part of southwestern plateau) and northwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5156FE6",null,null,"Ban Pak Chong [lat. 14° 40' N., long. 101° 25' E.], Thailand.","Some races of the Babbling Thrush, Malacocincla abbotti Blyth.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/213/mode/1up","Malacocincla abbotti williamsoni"],["24791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti obscurior","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.5 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Thailand (Chon Buri to Trat); Ko Kut Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3A5ADE3",null,null,"Khao Sa Bap [lat. 12° 35' N., long. 102° 15' E.], Thailand.","Some races of the Babbling Thrush, Malacocincla abbotti Blyth.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/213/mode/1up","Malacocincla abbotti obscurior"],["24792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti altera","(Sims, 1957)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.9 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"central Laos and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DF86785",null,null,"Thua Luu [lat. 16° 16' N., long. 108° 00' E.], Annam.","A new race of Babbler (Trichastoma abbotti) from Central Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/204/mode/1up","Trichastoma abbotti alterum"],["24793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti olivacea","(Strickland, 1847)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.165 p.102-103",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula to eastern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52D12DB4",null,null,"Malacca.","Notes on certain species of birds from Malacca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/470/mode/1up","Malacopteron olivaceum"],["24794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti concreta","(Büttikofer, 1895)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 17 p.79,81",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo, Matasiri, and Belitung islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D45F7BE9",null,null,"Sibau Riber, upper Kapuas, Indonesian Borneo","A revision of the genus Turdinus and genera allied to it, with an enumeration of the specimens contained in the Leyden Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37339#page/91/mode/1up","Myiothera concreta"],["24795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla abbotti baweana","Oberholser, 1917","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 52, no.2175 p.194-195",null,null,null,null,null,"Bawean Island (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52746ACA",null,null,"Pulau Bawean [lat. 5° 48' S., long. 112° 39' E.], Java Sea.","The Birds of Bawean Island, Java Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32863#page/216/mode/1up","Malacocincla abbotti baweana"],["24796","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla perspicillata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.257","Black-browed Babbler","Black-browed Babbler","Black-browed Babbler",null,null,"Borneo (southeast Kalimantan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715827","blbbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbbab1","avibase-84378150",null,null,"'Java,' error; corrected to Borneo, by Büttikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 83.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/407/mode/1up","Cacopitta perspicillata"],["24797","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla sepiaria","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.158","Horsfield's Babbler","Horsfield's Babbler","Horsfield's Babbler",null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715814","horbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horbab2","avibase-0C21DA3C",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Bogor [lat. 6° 36' S., long. 106° 48' E.].","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/177/mode/1up","Brachypteryx sepiaria"],["24798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla sepiaria tardinata","Hartert, 1915","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula (Pattani to Selangor and Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5D16108",null,null,"Gunong Tahan [lat. 4° 38' N., long. 102° 14' E.], Pahang.","Exhibition and descriptions of four new subspecies from the Indo-Malayan countries.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/241/mode/1up","Malacocincla sepiaria tardinata"],["24799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla sepiaria barussana","Robinson & Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A83AD74",null,null,"Siulak Deras [lat. 1° 54' S., long. 101° 18' E.], Sumatra.","Nine new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/219/mode/1up","Malacocincla sepiaria barussana"],["24800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla sepiaria sepiaria","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A894A54",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Bogor [lat. 6° 36' S., long. 106° 48' E.].","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/177/mode/1up","Brachypteryx sepiaria"],["24801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla sepiaria rufiventris","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.5 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECAF7170",null,null,"Sarawak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94506#page/309/mode/1up","Malacocincla rufiventris"],["24802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Malacocincla sepiaria harterti","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC819E98",null,null,"Bettotan, near Sandakan, North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Malacocincla sepiaria harterti"],["24803","genus","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila","Oates, 1883","A handbook to the birds of British Burmah, including those found in the adjoining state of Karennee 1 p.61.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdinus crispifrons [Blyth]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Gypsophila"],["24804","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila rufipectus","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.224","Rusty-breasted Wren-Babbler","Rusty-breasted Wren-Babbler","Rusty-breasted Wren-babbler","2025-N066","The name for the Rusty-breasted WreN0Babbler is based on the protonym <em>Turdinus rufipectus</em> Salvadori, 1879 (p.224, Salvadori 1879). The epithet <em>rufipectus </em>must be considered a noun for two reasons: (1) \"pectus\" = breast is a noun in Latin. There is a conventional way to form an adjective of this noun: \"<em>pectoralis</em>\". If Salvadori had had an adjective in mind, he could have named the species \"<em>rufipectoralis</em>\", an epithet that has been coined for other bird species (e.g., <em>Ochthoeca rufipectoralis</em>). (2) Whenever one is in doubt, ICZN Article 31.2.2 stipulates that the name must be regarded as a noun.","montane forest of western Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716040","rbwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbwbab1","avibase-3B593D10",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/230/mode/1up","Turdinus rufipectus"],["24805","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila crassa","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.391","Mountain Wren-Babbler","Mountain Wren-Babbler","Mountain Wren-babbler",null,null,"high mountains of northern Borneo (northeastern Sarawak and northern Sabah)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716079","mowbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mowbab1","avibase-15B3568A",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/419/mode/1up","Corythocichla crassa"],["24806","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.272","Streaked Wren-Babbler","Streaked Wren-Babbler","Streaked Wren-babbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, often near rocky outcrops, from northeastern India eastward to south-central China, and southward to Malayan Peninsula and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716075","stwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stwbab1","avibase-472A5B98",null,null,"mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces; type from Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, fide Sclater, 1892, Ibis, p. 76.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/316/mode/1up","T[urdinus] brevicaudatus"],["24807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata striata","(Walden, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.7, no.39 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to southwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE544C97",null,null,"near Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, Assam.","XXIX. Descriptions of three new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78387#page/255/mode/1up","Turdinus striatus"],["24808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata brevicaudata","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (western Yunnan), northern, eastern, and southeastern Myanmar and western and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09CD8F76",null,null,"mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces; type from Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, fide Sclater, 1892, Ibis, p. 76.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/316/mode/1up","T[urdinus] brevicaudatus"],["24809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata stevensi","(Kinnear, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Guangxi) and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-207F7F19",null,null,"Ngai Tio [lat. 22° 40' N., long. 103° 4r E.], Tongking.","Descriptions of new races of birds from Tonkin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/102/mode/1up","Turdinulus brevicaudatus stevensi"],["24810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata proxima","(Delacour, 1930)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie 11, pt.2 p.654",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3FBC349",null,null,"Bana, between the Col des Nuages and Tourane, central Annam.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Indochine.",null,"Napothera brevicaudata proxima"],["24811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata rufiventer","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06A8354D",null,null,"Jiring [lat. 11° 31' N., long. 108° 01' E.], Annam.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/202/mode/1up","Corythocichla brevicaudata rufiventer"],["24812","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata griseigularis","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E95B13C",null,null,"Le Boc Kor [10°34'N., 104°03' E.], Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/171/mode/1up","Corythocichla griseigularis"],["24813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila brevicaudata leucosticta","(Sharpe, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-814F62A1",null,null,"Larut Range [ca. lat. 4° 48' N., long. 100° 45' E.], Perak.","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/548/mode/1up","Corythocichla leucosticta"],["24814","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila crispifrons","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.269","Variable Limestone Babbler","Variable Limestone Babbler","Variable Limestone-babbler","2025-0773","<em>Gypsophila crispifrons</em> is treated as three monotypic species (<em>G. crispifrons, G. annamensis</em>, and <em>G. calcicola</em>) based on genomic and bioacoustic evidence (Gwee et al. 2021).","limestone hills of western Thailand to southern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232590346","limwrb3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/limwrb3","avibase-3A700A8C",null,null,"Tenasserim; type from Mulayit Taung, fide Sclater, 1892, Ibis, p. 76.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/313/mode/1up","Turdinus crispifrons"],["24815","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila annamensis","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.131","Annam Limestone Babbler","Annam Limestone Babbler","Annamite Limestone-babbler","2025-0773","<em>Gypsophila crispifrons</em> is treated as three monotypic species (<em>G. crispifrons, G. annamensis</em>, and <em>G. calcicola</em>) based on genomic and bioacoustic evidence (Gwee et al. 2021).","limestone hills of northeastern Thailand, far southeastern China, northern Laos and Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232590901","limwrb4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/limwrb4","avibase-3A4DCAD0",null,null,"Phuqui, northern Annam.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/171/mode/1up","Corythocichla annamensis"],["24816","species","Passeriformes","Pellorneidae","Ground Babblers and allies","Gypsophila calcicola","(Deignan, 1939)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 29, no.4 p.177","Rufous Limestone Babbler","Rufous Limestone Babbler","Rufous Limestone-babbler","2025-0773","<em>Gypsophila crispifrons</em> is treated as three monotypic species (<em>G. crispifrons, G. annamensis</em>, and <em>G. calcicola</em>) based on genomic and bioacoustic evidence (Gwee et al. 2021).","limestone hills of central Thailand (Saraburi, Lop Buri, and eastern part of Nakhon Ratchasima)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103869689","limwrb2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/limwrb2","avibase-58C82362",null,null,"Sathani Hin Lap [lat. 14° 40' N., long. 101° 10' E.], Thailand.","Two new races of birds from the Indo-Chinese subregion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122706#page/201/mode/1up","Napothera crispifrons calcicola"],["24817","family","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrichidae",null,null,"Laughingthrushes and allies","Laughingthrushes and Allies","Laughingthrushes and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"leioth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leioth1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["24818","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe","Blyth, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.384 (or 370)",null,null,null,"2025-1175","Family Alcippeidae is merged into Leiothrichidae based on multilocus DNA data (Cai et al. 2019). Although <em>Alcippe </em>fulvettas were recovered as a clade sister to Leiothrichidae, support for this node is modest and further research is needed to affirm this decision.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Thimalia poioicephala [Jerdon, 1841]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/574/mode/1up","Alcippe"],["24819","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe grotei","Delacour, 1936","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 44 no.1 p.24","Black-browed Fulvetta","Black-browed Fulvetta","Black-browed Fulvetta",null,null,"southeastern Thailand and northern and central Annam and adjacent Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734608","bkbful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbful1","avibase-F2E3ABD3",null,null,"Col des Nuages [lat. 16° ir N., long. 108° 08' E.], Annam.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_44_0022-0028.pdf#page=3","Alcippe nipalensis grotei"],["24820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe grotei eremita","Riley, 1936","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 49, no.5 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B278C244",null,null,"Khao Saming [lat. 12° 21' N., long. 102° 2r E.], Thailand.","A new Babbler from southern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107497#page/45/mode/1up","Alcippe nipalensis eremita"],["24821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe grotei grotei","Delacour, 1936","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 44 no.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Annam and adjacent Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C27160E2",null,null,"Col des Nuages [lat. 16° ir N., long. 108° 08' E.], Annam.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_44_0022-0028.pdf#page=3","Alcippe nipalensis grotei"],["24822","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala","(Jerdon, 1841)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13 p.169","Brown-cheeked Fulvetta","Brown-cheeked Fulvetta","Brown-cheeked Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to submontane bushy understory in broadleaf forest, secondary growth, and bamboo scrub, from Peninsular India eastward to south-central China, and southward to southern Thailand and central Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716633","brcful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcful1","avibase-E4C78D6C",null,null,"Coonoor Ghat, Nilgiri Hills.","Supplement to the Catalogue of Birds of the Peninsula of India. (From No. 29, page 227.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/215/mode/1up","Thimalia poioicephala"],["24823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala poioicephala","(Jerdon, 1841)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"western India (Western Ghats from southern Karnataka to Kerala and Palni Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C0DC572",null,null,"Coonoor Ghat, Nilgiri Hills.","Supplement to the Catalogue of Birds of the Peninsula of India. (From No. 29, page 227.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/215/mode/1up","Thimalia poioicephala"],["24824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala brucei","Hume, 1870","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 39, pt.2, no.2 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB15F059",null,null,"Mahabaleshwar, Satara North, Bombay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128787#page/500/mode/1up","Alcippe brucei"],["24825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala fusca","Godwin-Austen, 1877","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 45, pt.2, no.4 p.197-198",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A4128BF",null,null,"Naga Hills, Assam.","Fifth List of Birds from the Hill Ranges of the North-East Frontier of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114186#page/213/mode/1up","Alcippe fusca"],["24826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala phayrei","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.601-602",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B384EC5E",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/147/mode/1up","Alcippe Phayrei"],["24827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala haringtoniae","Hartert, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southern China (western Yunnan) and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F96E514",null,null,"Bhamo [lat. 24° 15' N., long. 97° 14' E.], Upper Burma.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/278/mode/1up","Alcippe haringtoniae"],["24828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala alearis","(Bangs & Van Tyne, 1930)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 18, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan) to northern plateau of Thailand and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAE53F47",null,null,"Muang Mun [lat. 21° 42' N., long. 103° 21' E.], Tongking. [Tu?n Giáo District, Ði?n Biên Province, Vietnam]","Descriptions of five new Indo-Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20787#page/10/mode/1up","Alcippornis poiocephala alearis"],["24829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala karenni","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. New Series 18 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (Karenni State) to southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1EB64B6",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma. Not Alcippe magnirostris Moore, 1854.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99255#page/916/mode/1up","Alcippe phaeocephala karenni"],["24830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe poioicephala davisoni","Harington, 1915","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23 p.447, p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula (Isthmus of Kra to Trang) and Mergui Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2D2DFB7",null,null,"Tavoy, Mergui and to the south . . .; here restricted to Mergui District, Tenasserim.","Notes on the Indian Timeliides and their allies. Part III. Family Timeliidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95912#page/567/mode/1up","Alcippe phaeocephala davisoni"],["24831","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe pyrrhoptera","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.358","Javan Fulvetta","Javan Fulvetta","Javan Fulvetta",null,null,"forest of western and central Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716636","javful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javful1","avibase-C2737F2A",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/558/mode/1up","N[apothera] pyrrhoptera"],["24832","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe brunneicauda","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.210","Brown Fulvetta","Brown Fulvetta","Brown Fulvetta",null,null,"southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and North Natuna and Batu islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716630","broful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broful1","avibase-2EAEE9C9",null,null,"'Ayer Manchor,' a waterfall at 10 kilometres from Padang Panjang [lat. 0° 29' S., long. 100° 22' E.] on the road to the Padang Highlands, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/216/mode/1up","Hyloterpe brunneicauda"],["24833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe brunneicauda brunneicauda","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and North Natuna and Batu islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BA59986",null,null,"'Ayer Manchor,' a waterfall at 10 kilometres from Padang Panjang [lat. 0° 29' S., long. 100° 22' E.] on the road to the Padang Highlands, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/216/mode/1up","Hyloterpe brunneicauda"],["24834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe brunneicauda eriphaea","(Oberholser, 1922)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 74, no.2 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0053375A",null,null,"Gunong Liang Kubung [ca. lat. 0° 39' N., long. 113° 1r E.], Borneo.","New Timaline birds from the East Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86115#page/421/mode/1up","Alcippornis brunneicauda eriphaea"],["24835","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.89","Nepal Fulvetta","Nepal Fulvetta","Nepal Fulvetta",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest, secondary growth, and bamboo, from northern India eastward to northern Myanmar and adjacent China, and southward to northeastern India and western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716647","nepful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nepful1","avibase-735DD267",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"[Mesia] Siva Nipalensis"],["24836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe nipalensis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Himalayas to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87E028F1",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"[Mesia] Siva Nipalensis"],["24837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe nipalensis stanfordi","Ticehurst, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F731D939",null,null,"Taungup-Prome Cart Road, Arakan Yoma, southwestern Burma.","Remarks on a small collection of birds from the Arakan Yomas, with description of a new form of Alcippe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/120/mode/1up","Alcippe nepalensis stanfordi"],["24838","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe davidi","Styan, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.7 p.310","David's Fulvetta","David's Fulvetta",null,"2025-0341","The <em>Alcippe morrisonia </em>complex is treated as four species based on genetics: <em>A. morrisonia</em> (monotypic); <em>A. hueti </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufescentior</em>); <em>A. fratercula </em>(polytypic, including <em>yunnanensis </em>and <em>laotiana</em>); and <em>A. davidi </em>(polytypic, including <em>schaefferi</em>). Relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergences separate these clades (Zou et al. 2007, 2008; Song et al. 2009), while nominate <em>A. peracensis</em> may be nested within this complex (Cai et al. 2019). More studies, including genomic and vocal data, are needed.","foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary forest, scrub, and bamboo, in central China and northernmost Vietnam",null,null,null,"gycful3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycful3","avibase-39FE95C7",null,null,"Ichang, Western China","On some Chinese Species of the Genus Alcippe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/356/mode/1up","Alcippe davidi"],["24839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe davidi schaefferi","La Touche, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan and Guangxi) to northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A330620",null,null,"Milati, southeastern Yunnan.","Description of new subspecies from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/487/mode/1up","Alcippe nipalensis schaefferi"],["24840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe davidi davidi","Styan, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.7 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China (western Hubei to Hunan, Sichuan, and northeastern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F977483D",null,null,"Ichang, Western China","On some Chinese Species of the Genus Alcippe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/356/mode/1up","Alcippe davidi"],["24841","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe morrisonia","Swinhoe, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.19 p.296","Grey-cheeked Fulvetta","Morrison's Fulvetta",null,"2025-0341","The <em>Alcippe morrisonia </em>complex is treated as four species based on genetics: <em>A. morrisonia</em> (monotypic); <em>A. hueti </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufescentior</em>); <em>A. fratercula </em>(polytypic, including <em>yunnanensis </em>and <em>laotiana</em>); and <em>A. davidi </em>(polytypic, including <em>schaefferi</em>). Relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergences separate these clades (Zou et al. 2007, 2008; Song et al. 2009), while nominate <em>A. peracensis</em> may be nested within this complex (Cai et al. 2019). More studies, including genomic and vocal data, are needed.","Taiwan",null,null,null,"gycful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycful1","avibase-F8788273",null,null,"Formosa.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 219.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/326/mode/1up","Alcippe morrisonia"],["24842","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe hueti","David, 1874","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.3-6, art.9 p.4","Huet's Fulvetta","Huet's Fulvetta",null,"2025-0341","The <em>Alcippe morrisonia </em>complex is treated as four species based on genetics: <em>A. morrisonia</em> (monotypic); <em>A. hueti </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufescentior</em>); <em>A. fratercula </em>(polytypic, including <em>yunnanensis </em>and <em>laotiana</em>); and <em>A. davidi </em>(polytypic, including <em>schaefferi</em>). Relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergences separate these clades (Zou et al. 2007, 2008; Song et al. 2009), while nominate <em>A. peracensis</em> may be nested within this complex (Cai et al. 2019). More studies, including genomic and vocal data, are needed.","hill forest of southeastern China (Guangdong to Anhui, and Hainan)",null,null,null,"gycful5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycful5","avibase-EE1BC181",null,null,"Fukien.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/307/mode/1up","Alcippe Hueti"],["24843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe hueti hueti","David, 1874","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.3-6, art.9 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southeastern China (Guangdong to Anhui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1CEAC90",null,null,"Fukien.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/307/mode/1up","Alcippe Hueti"],["24844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe hueti rufescentior","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E77A24F2",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/251/mode/1up","Proparus nipalensis rufescentior"],["24845","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe peracensis","Sharpe, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3, no.29 p.439","Mountain Fulvetta","Mountain Fulvetta","Mountain Fulvetta",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest in southern Laos, adjacent northeastern Cambodia, and central Vietnam, and in peninsular Malayasia and adjacent southernmost Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735187","mouful1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouful1","avibase-493A2E85",null,null,"Larut Range, Perak.","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/549/mode/1up","Alcippe peracensis"],["24846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe peracensis annamensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.582-583",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau), southern Annam, and adjacent Cochinchina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C4533D2",null,null,"Dalat [lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/684/mode/1up","Alcippe nepalensis annamensis"],["24847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe peracensis peracensis","Sharpe, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3, no.29 p.439",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula (far southern Thailand and northern Perak to southern Selangor and Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-103329EA",null,null,"Larut Range, Perak.","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/549/mode/1up","Alcippe peracensis"],["24848","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe fratercula","Rippon, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.11","Yunnan Fulvetta","Yunnan Fulvetta",null,"2025-0341","The <em>Alcippe morrisonia </em>complex is treated as four species based on genetics: <em>A. morrisonia</em> (monotypic); <em>A. hueti </em>(polytypic, including <em>rufescentior</em>); <em>A. fratercula </em>(polytypic, including <em>yunnanensis </em>and <em>laotiana</em>); and <em>A. davidi </em>(polytypic, including <em>schaefferi</em>). Relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergences separate these clades (Zou et al. 2007, 2008; Song et al. 2009), while nominate <em>A. peracensis</em> may be nested within this complex (Cai et al. 2019). More studies, including genomic and vocal data, are needed.","foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, open secondary woodland, scrub, and bamboo, from northern Myanmar and south-central China southward to northwestern Thailand and central Vietnam",null,null,null,"gycful4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycful4","avibase-A62C0342",null,null,"Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.","[Description of new species of birds from the Shan States].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/169/mode/1up","Alcippe fratercula"],["24849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe fratercula yunnanensis","Harington, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Sichuan and eastern Yunnan) to northeastern Myanmar (Kachin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5937C094",null,null,"Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Talifu, Yunnan.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies, with a key to the species of Proparus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/99/mode/1up","Alcippe fratercula yunnanensis"],["24850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe fratercula fratercula","Rippon, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar to southern China, northern Thailand, and northwestern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05F795C0",null,null,"Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.","[Description of new species of birds from the Shan States].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/169/mode/1up","Alcippe fratercula"],["24851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Alcippe fratercula laotiana","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and central Laos and north-central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20B108C0",null,null,"Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/53/mode/1up","Alcippe nipalensis laotianus"],["24852","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Grammatoptila","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxxv fig.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Garrulus striatus [Vigors, 1831]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 45).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/195/mode/1up","Grammatoptila"],["24853","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Grammatoptila striata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.7-8","Striated Laughingthrush","Striated Laughingthrush","Striated Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and bamboo thickets, from northern India eastward through the Himalayas to northern Myanmar and adjacent China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715620","strlau2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strlau2","avibase-6FCD4F9D",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Naini Tal, Kumaun, Uttar Pradesh, by Baker, 1920, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 245.","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/21/mode/1up","Garrulus striatus"],["24854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Grammatoptila striata striata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.7-8",null,null,null,null,null,"Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, in northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D6B7BC0",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Naini Tal, Kumaun, Uttar Pradesh, by Baker, 1920, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 245.","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/21/mode/1up","Garrulus striatus"],["24855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Grammatoptila striata vibex","(Ripley, 1950)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63, no.20 p.103-104",null,null,null,null,null,"western and east-central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44091CE8",null,null,"Godavari, Central Valley, Nepal.","New birds from Nepal and the Indian region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/339/mode/1up","Garrulax striatus vibex"],["24856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Grammatoptila striata sikkimensis","Ticehurst, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal eastward to central Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE8B4057",null,null,"Sikkim.","Description of a new Babbling-Thrush from Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/132/mode/1up","Grammatoptila striata sikkimensis"],["24857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Grammatoptila striata brahmaputra","(Hachisuka, 1953)","The Auk 70, no.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bhutan, northwestern Myanmar, and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A02AA011",null,null,"Daphla and Eastern Naga hills [= Dafla and Eastern Naga hills, north-eastern India.]","Corrections of Names in the Avian Subfamily, Timaliinae","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol70/iss1/23/","Garrulax striatus brahmaputra"],["24858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Grammatoptila striata cranbrooki","Kinnear, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar and adjacent southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D6CE05B",null,null,"Adung Valley [at lat. 28° 10' N., long. 97° 40' E.], Burma.","Descriptions of two new subspecies from North-East Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/117/mode/1up","Grammatoptila striata cranbrooki"],["24859","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Laniellus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.125,note,127,481",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius leucogrammicus [Reinwardt]; type by original designation and monotypy = Laniellus leucogrammicus Swainson, 1832 = Lanius albonotatus Lesson, 1832",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129781#page/655/mode/1up","Laniellus"],["24860","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Laniellus albonotatus","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.249","Spotted Crocias","Spotted Crocias","Spotted Crocias",null,null,"montane forest of western and central Java",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716693","spocro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spocro1","avibase-B4B5F30E",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA249","Lanius albonotatus"],["24861","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Laniellus langbianis","(Gyldenstolpe, 1939)","Arkiv för Zoologi 31B no.3 p.2","Grey-crowned Crocias","Gray-crowned Crocias","Grey-crowned Crocias",null,null,"Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716690","gyccro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyccro1","avibase-8D9E3FCF",null,null,"Dalat [lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On a remarkable new Shrike from southern Annam.",null,"Crocias langbianis"],["24862","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.772",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cutia nipalensis [Hodgson, 1837]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/902/mode/1up","Cutia"],["24863","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia legalleni","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.588-589, pl. XV","Vietnamese Cutia","Vietnamese Cutia","Vietnamese Cutia",null,null,"central (Mount Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum) and southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734578","viecut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viecut1","avibase-FD32868A",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks [ca. lat. 12° 02' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/692/mode/1up","Cutia nipalensis legalleni"],["24864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia legalleni hoae","Eames, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Mount Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EA206F0",null,null,"c. 2,200 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh, April 1998","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/147/mode/1up","Cutia nipalensis hoae"],["24865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia legalleni legalleni","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.588-589, pl. XV",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA378A2E",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks [ca. lat. 12° 02' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/692/mode/1up","Cutia nipalensis legalleni"],["24866","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia nipalensis","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.774","Himalayan Cutia","Himalayan Cutia","Himalayan Cutia",null,null,"central Himalayas to mountains of northern Laos and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735167","cutia1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cutia1","avibase-D7F4C39A",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/904/mode/1up","[Cutia] Nipalensis"],["24867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia nipalensis nipalensis","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.60 p.774",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to eastern Assam, western Myanmar, southern Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11B131B1",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/904/mode/1up","[Cutia] Nipalensis"],["24868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia nipalensis melanchima","Deignan, 1947","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37, no.3 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to southern Yunnan, northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6132811",null,null,"Khao Pha Cho [lat. 19° 00' N., long. 99° 25' E.], Thailand.","Two new Babblers (Timaliidae) from southeastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/619/mode/1up","Cutia nipalensis melanchima"],["24869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Cutia nipalensis cervinicrissa","Sharpe, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.3 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula (southern Perak to southern Selangor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B518F19",null,null,"Gunong Batu Puteh, Perak.","List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the Main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/338/mode/1up","Cutia cervinicrissa"],["24870","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.952, footnote",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Trochalopteron subunicolor [Blyth, 1843]; type by subsequent designation (Baker, ECS, 1930, Fauna British India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 30).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/468/mode/1up","Trochalopteron"],["24871","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron austeni","Godwin-Austen, 1870","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 39, pt.2, no.2 p.105","Brown-capped Laughingthrush","Brown-capped Laughingthrush","Brown-capped Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to montane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, rhododendron thickets, secondary growth, and bamboo, from northeastern India southward to western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715729","brclau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brclau1","avibase-93675AD5",null,null,"Hengdang Peak, principal trigonometrical station of observation at head of the Jhiri River, Barail Range, Assam.","A List of Birds obtained in the Khasi and North Cachar Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128787#page/483/mode/1up","Trochalopteron Austeni"],["24872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron austeni austeni","Godwin-Austen, 1870","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 39, pt.2, no.2 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (North Cachar), Nagaland, and Manipur (northeastern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADE429C7",null,null,"Hengdang Peak, principal trigonometrical station of observation at head of the Jhiri River, Barail Range, Assam.","A List of Birds obtained in the Khasi and North Cachar Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128787#page/483/mode/1up","Trochalopteron Austeni"],["24873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron austeni victoriae","(Rippon, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mizoram (northeastern India), and Chin Hills (in western Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE03A184",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","On two new species from Mount Victoria, Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/73/mode/1up","Ianthocincla victoriae"],["24874","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron subunicolor","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.952,note","Scaly Laughingthrush","Scaly Laughingthrush","Scaly Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, bramble and rhododendron thickets, and bamboo, from central Nepal eastward through Himalayas to southern China and adjacent northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715735","scalau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scalau1","avibase-C9493A71",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/468/mode/1up","Tr[ochalopteron] subunicolor"],["24875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron subunicolor subunicolor","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.952,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, eastern Assam, and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E903B0E",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/468/mode/1up","Tr[ochalopteron] subunicolor"],["24876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron subunicolor griseatum","(Rothschild, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Myanmar (Kachin State) to southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-415A4725",null,null,"Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/49/mode/1up","Ianthocincla subunicolor griseata"],["24877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron subunicolor fooksi","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Yunnan (southern China) and far northern Vietnam (northern part of western Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77AC1D2E",null,null,"Chapa [lat. 22° 20' N., long. 103° 50' E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Garrulax subunicolor fooksi"],["24878","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron squamatum","(Gould, 1835)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.48","Blue-winged Laughingthrush","Blue-winged Laughingthrush","Blue-winged Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane forest of Nepal to southwestern China, Myanmar, and northwestern Tonkin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715732","blwlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwlau1","avibase-466F5979",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Sikkim, by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27 (1920), p. 243.","Characters of a New Genus of Merulidae (Ianthocincla).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/226/mode/1up","Ianthocincla squamata"],["24879","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron virgatum","Godwin-Austen, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.46","Striped Laughingthrush","Striped Laughingthrush","Striped Laughingthrush",null,null,"mountains of northeastern India (Assam) and southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715726","strlau3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strlau3","avibase-5046CFCA",null,null,"Razami, Naga Hills, Assam.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/94/mode/1up","Trochalopteron virgatum"],["24880","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron imbricatum","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.951-952","Bhutan Laughingthrush","Bhutan Laughingthrush","Bhutan Laughingthrush",null,null,"Bhutan and southeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734478","bhulau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhulau1","avibase-CE76873B",null,null,"Bhutan.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/467/mode/1up","G[arrulax] imbricatus"],["24881","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron lineatum","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.56","Streaked Laughingthrush","Streaked Laughingthrush","Streaked Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to montane scrub in open forest, scrubby juniper and pine forest, and gardens, from Tajikistan and eastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to northeastern India, and southward to western Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735082","strlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strlau1","avibase-67F7511E",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to N.W. Himalayas, by Hume, 1875, Stray Feathers, 3, p. 396, and further restricted to 'the district Simla-Almora,' by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/70/mode/1up","Cinclosoma lineatum"],["24882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron lineatum bilkevitchi","Zarudny, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.188-189",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tajikistan, eastern Afghanistan, and northwestern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73F9E045",null,null,"mountains near Kulyab, southeastern Tadzhikistan.","Über einige Vögel aus dem Chanat Buchara.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/202/mode/1up","Trochalopteron (Janthocincla) lineatum bilkevitchi"],["24883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron lineatum schachdarense","(Stepanyan, 1998)","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 77 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Tajikistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04B349B7",null,null,"the Shakhdarya River valley in the Badakhshan Mountains, western Pamirs [Tadjikistan]","A new subspecies of Garrulax lineatus (Aves, Timaliidae) from Badakhshan Mountains (the Western Pamir).",null,"Garrulax lineatus schachdarensis"],["24884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron lineatum gilgit","(Hartert, 1909)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.636",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan (Chitral eastward to Hunza, Skardu, and Astor, north of Burzil Pass) and adjacent northern part of eastern Afghanistan (Nuristan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5573115",null,null,"Gilgit, northwestern Kashmir. [35°55'N, 74°18'E]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/722/mode/1up","Ianthocincla lineatum gilgit"],["24885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron lineatum lineatum","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (central Kashmir to northwestern Uttarakhand and southwestern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44F39EC9",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to N.W. Himalayas, by Hume, 1875, Stray Feathers, 3, p. 396, and further restricted to 'the district Simla-Almora,' by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/70/mode/1up","Cinclosoma lineatum"],["24886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron lineatum setafer","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19, pt.I p.148-149",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal eastward to Sikkim and northern West Bengal (India), and adjacent southern China (southern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1491EC35",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/198/mode/1up","Cinc[losoma] setafer"],["24887","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron variegatum","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.56","Variegated Laughingthrush","Variegated Laughingthrush","Variegated Laughingthrush",null,null,"submontane to montane open forest, dense rhododendron and bamboo scrub, and dwarf rhododendron at or above tree-line, from northeastern Afghanistan and adjacent Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715741","varlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varlau1","avibase-9779E4D3",null,null,"Himalayas; inferentially restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Hume, 1878, Stray Feathers, 7, p. 457.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/70/mode/1up","Cinclosoma variegatum"],["24888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron variegatum nuristani","(Paludan, 1959)","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 122 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B6136E6",null,null,"Pashki, at 2500 m., middle Parun Valley, Nuristan, May 29, 1948.","On the birds of Afghanistan.","https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3149/page/226/mode/2up","Garrulax variegatus nuristani"],["24889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron variegatum simile","Hume, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern Pakistan eastward to northern India (northern Himachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A23AE0D7",null,null,"no locality; type from Naoshera, Mirpur, Kashmir, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 360.","Stray Notes on Ornithology in India. No. VII.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/450/mode/1up","Trochalopteron simile"],["24890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron variegatum variegatum","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India (southern Himachal Pradesh eastward to Uttarakhand), east-central Nepal, and adjacent southern China (far southern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AE54C93",null,null,"Himalayas; inferentially restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Hume, 1878, Stray Feathers, 7, p. 457.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/70/mode/1up","Cinclosoma variegatum"],["24891","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron affine","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.950","Black-faced Laughingthrush","Black-faced Laughingthrush","Black-faced Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane understory in broadleaf evergreen and mixed forest, scrub oak and bamboo, and dwarf rhododendron scrub above timberline, from Nepal eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to northern Vietnam and adjacent Laos; downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715747","blflau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blflau1","avibase-06A0BB28",null,null,"Nepal; restricted to East Nepal, by Rand, 1953, Nat. Hist. Misc. [Chicago] , no. 116, p. 2, and corrected to Central Nepal, by Rand and Fleming, 1956, Fieldiana Zool. [Chicago] , 39, p. 3.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/466/mode/1up","G[arrulax] affinis"],["24892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron affine affine","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.950",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Nepal and adjacent southern China (southern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-078C67D2",null,null,"Nepal; restricted to East Nepal, by Rand, 1953, Nat. Hist. Misc. [Chicago] , no. 116, p. 2, and corrected to Central Nepal, by Rand and Fleming, 1956, Fieldiana Zool. [Chicago] , 39, p. 3.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/466/mode/1up","G[arrulax] affinis"],["24893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron affine bethelae","(Rand & Fleming, 1956)","Fieldiana Zoology 39, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal eastward to Bhutan and northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh) and adjacent southern China (southern and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C06A6779",null,null,"Thangii [= Thangu] , 14,000 ft., Sikkim.","Two new birds from Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21310#page/16/mode/1up","Garrulax affinis bethelae"],["24894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron affine oustaleti","(Hartert, 1909)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.633",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar and southern China (northwestern Yunnan and adjacent southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC2FA4DA",null,null,"Tzeku, Yunnan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/719/mode/1up","Ianthocincla affinis oustaleti"],["24895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron affine muliense","(Rand, 1953)","Natural History Miscellanea 116 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sichuan (Muli region) southward to northwestern Yunnan (Lijiang Range), in southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17BFF0C4",null,null,"Muli [ca. lat. 28° 15' N., long. 100° 50' E.], Hsikang.","Geographical variation in the Laughing Thrush Garrulax affinis.",null,"Garrulax affinis muliensis"],["24896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron affine blythii","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Gansu southward to southwestern Sichuan (north of Muli region), in south-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55F2E5A8",null,null,"les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; types from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/339/mode/1up","Trochalopteron Blythii"],["24897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron affine saturatum","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Yunnan and far northwestern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-735A4FC7",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104° 4r E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Garrulax affinis saturatus"],["24898","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron morrisonianum","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.120","White-whiskered Laughingthrush","White-whiskered Laughingthrush","White-whiskered Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715750","whwlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwlau1","avibase-AB9D580D",null,null,"Mount Morrison, Formosa.","On new species from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/146/mode/1up","Trochalopterum morrisonianum"],["24899","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron elliotii","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.36","Elliot's Laughingthrush","Elliot's Laughingthrush","Elliot's Laughingthrush",null,null,"southwestern and south-central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715738","elllau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elllau1","avibase-9CBD5A5C",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; types from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/338/mode/1up","Trochalopteron elliotii"],["24900","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron henrici","Oustalet, 1892","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12 p.274","Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush","Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush","Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush",null,null,"semiarid montane scrub of western China (southwestern Xinjiang and southeastern Tibet)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715744","prhlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prhlau1","avibase-18376B32",null,null,"'So,' Tibet, error; types from Aio and Sutu, Hsikang, fide Oustalet, 1893, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], ser. 3, 5, p. 196.","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/284/mode/1up","Trochalopteron Henrici"],["24901","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron milnei","David, 1874","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.9 p.4","Red-tailed Laughingthrush","Red-tailed Laughingthrush","Red-tailed Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to submontane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, dense secondary growth, and bamboo scrub, from eastern Myanmar eastward to southeastern China, and southward to central Vietnam and southeastern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715764","retlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retlau1","avibase-3F5E062B",null,null,"western Fukien.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/307/mode/1up","Trochalopteron Milnei"],["24902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron milnei sharpei","Rippon, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, northern and central Laos, northwestern Vietnam, and southern China (western and southern Yunnan and western Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-950FDB88",null,null,"'Kauri-Kachin tract, to the east of Bhamo, and bordering on the south of the Tapeng River,' Kachin State, Burma.","[Exhibition and description of two new species of birds from the Kauri-Kachin tract, to the east of Bhamo, and bordering on the south of the Tapeng River].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/269/mode/1up","Trochalopterum sharpei"],["24903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron milnei vitryi","(Delacour, 1932)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolovens Plateau); perhaps this race in central highlands of Vietnam (central Annam) and adjacent southeastern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CB228C8",null,null,"Phu Kong-Ntul [ca. lat. 15° 23' N., long. 106° 25' E.], Laos.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/435/mode/1up","Garrulax milni vitryi"],["24904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron milnei sinianum","Stresemann, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (southeastern Sichuan, northern Guizhou, central and northeastern Guangxi, southern Hunan, and northern Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B17896C2",null,null,"Ku-chan, Yao Shan, Kwangsi.","Neue Vogelrassen aus Kwangsi II.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0047-0049.pdf","Trochalopteron milnei sinianum"],["24905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron milnei milnei","David, 1874","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.5, t.19, no.9 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"at least formerly northwestern Fujian, in southeastern China; perhaps extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12B2DE5B",null,null,"western Fukien.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103321#page/307/mode/1up","Trochalopteron Milnei"],["24906","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron yersini","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.575","Collared Laughingthrush","Collared Laughingthrush","Collared Laughingthrush",null,null,"Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715758","collau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/collau1","avibase-C798D901",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/675/mode/1up","Trochalopteron yersini"],["24907","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron erythrocephalum","(Vigors, 1832)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.17 text to pl.17","Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush","Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush","Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to montane understory of broadleaf and coniferous forest, dwarf rhododendron scrub, and bramble, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to southeastern Tibet; some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735117","chclau2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chclau2","avibase-F9A2B4EB",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to 'the district Simla-Almora,' by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471, and further restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Vaurie, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 73, p. 78.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/85/mode/1up","Cinclosoma erythrocephalum"],["24908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron erythrocephalum erythrocephalum","(Vigors, 1832)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.17 text to pl.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of western India (Himachal Pradesh to Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-295E9A8E",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to 'the district Simla-Almora,' by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471, and further restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Vaurie, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 73, p. 78.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/85/mode/1up","Cinclosoma erythrocephalum"],["24909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron erythrocephalum kali","(Vaurie, 1953)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73, no.7 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CB883CE",null,null,"Lete, Kali River valley, westcentral Nepal.","Geographical Variation in Garrulax erythrocephalus in Central and Western Himalayas with Description of a New Race from Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/120/mode/1up","Garrulax erythrocephalus kali"],["24910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron erythrocephalum nigrimentum","Oates, 1889","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.88, p.91-92, fig. 27 (head)",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Nepal to northeastern India (Assam) and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4C6A190",null,null,"'The Himalayas from Nepal to the Daphla hills in Assam'; inferentially restricted to Sikkim, by Kinnear, 1937, in Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, p. 32.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/115/mode/1up","Trochalopterum nigrimentum"],["24911","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron chrysopterum","(Gould, 1835)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.48","Assam Laughingthrush","Assam Laughingthrush","Assam Laughingthrush",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane understory in forest, bamboo thickets, and dwarf rhododendron scrub, from northeastern India eastward to south-central China, and southward to western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734483","asslau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asslau1","avibase-3467E0CF",null,null,"Himalayas; type characteristic of population of Khasi Hills, Assam, fide Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 90.","Characters of a New Genus of Merulidae (Ianthocincla).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/226/mode/1up","Ianthocincla chrysoptera"],["24912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron chrysopterum chrysopterum","(Gould, 1835)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Meghalaya, in northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44AA2B6E",null,null,"Himalayas; type characteristic of population of Khasi Hills, Assam, fide Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 90.","Characters of a New Genus of Merulidae (Ianthocincla).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/226/mode/1up","Ianthocincla chrysoptera"],["24913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron chrysopterum godwini","Harington, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (northern Cachar), Nagaland, and northern Manipur, in northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30841807",null,null,"Hengdan Peak, Barail Range, Assam.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Trochalopterum from the North Cachar Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/130/mode/1up","Trochalopterum erythrocephalum godwini"],["24914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron chrysopterum erythrolaemum","Hume, 1881","Stray Feathers 10, no.1, 2 & 3 p.153-155",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Manipur and Mizoram (India) and western and southwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BA56CF1",null,null,"near Machi, eastern Manipur.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95258#page/171/mode/1up","Trochalopterum erythrolaema"],["24915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron chrysopterum woodi","Stuart Baker, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar and southern China (northwestern and western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-629358C4",null,null,"Loi Song [lat. 23° 51' N., long. 97° 49' E.], Upper Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/47/mode/1up","Trichalopterum erathrolaema woodi"],["24916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron chrysopterum ailaoshanense","(Yang, 2002)","Zoological Research 23 no.4 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"Ailao Shan region of central Yunnan, in southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5EFA03A",null,null,"Pinghe reservoir area of Shuanbai County on 22 Nov. 1977; alt. 2600m","A New Subspecies of Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax erythrocephalus) (Passeriformes:Muscicapidae:Timaliinae)","https://www.zoores.ac.cn/article/id/893","Garrulax erythrocephalus ailaoshanensis"],["24917","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron formosum","Verreaux, 1869","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 5, fasc.4 p.35","Red-winged Laughingthrush","Red-winged Laughingthrush","Red-winged Laughingthrush",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and bamboo scrub, in south-central China, and in northern Vietnam and adjacent southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715761","rewlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewlau1","avibase-2C87AFAC",null,null,"'le Thibet oriental' ; type specimens from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871.","Notes sur quelques oiseaux considérés comme nouveaux provenant du voyage de M. l'Abbé Armand David dans le Thibet oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49416#page/315/mode/1up","Trochalopteron formosum"],["24918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron formosum formosum","Verreaux, 1869","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 5, fasc.4 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Sichuan and far northeastern Yunnan, and northwestern Guizhou, in south-central and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBFD9DF3",null,null,"'le Thibet oriental' ; type specimens from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871.","Notes sur quelques oiseaux considérés comme nouveaux provenant du voyage de M. l'Abbé Armand David dans le Thibet oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49416#page/315/mode/1up","Trochalopteron formosum"],["24919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron formosum greenwayi","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan and southwestern Guangxi) and northern Vietnam (western Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DE8AFB1",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104° 4r E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Garrulax formosus greenwayi"],["24920","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron peninsulae","Sharpe, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3 p.436, pl. XXXVII","Malayan Laughingthrush","Malayan Laughingthrush","Malay Laughingthrush",null,null,"high mountains of peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734493","mallau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mallau1","avibase-503C6098",null,null,"Larut Range, Perak.","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/546/mode/1up","Trochalopterum peninsulae"],["24921","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron ngoclinhense","(Eames, Le & Cu Nguyen, 1999)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 119 p.6 [4-15 pl.1,2]","Golden-winged Laughingthrush","Golden-winged Laughingthrush","Golden-winged Laughingthrush",null,null,"western highlands of Vietnam (Mount Ngoc Linh)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728591","gowlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowlau1","avibase-A37EB5E5",null,null,"Mount Ngoc Linh (15°04'N, 107°59’E), Kon Tum Province, Vietnam (Fig. 1), at c. 2,200 m asl on 15 May 1996","A new species of laughingthrush (Passeriformes: Garrulacinae) from the Western Highlands of Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123704#page/16/mode/1up","Garrulax ngoclinhensis"],["24922","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron melanostigma","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.268","Silver-eared Laughingthrush","Silver-eared Laughingthrush","Silver-eared Laughingthrush",null,null,"southeastern Asia from eastern Myanmar through northern Vietnam, and southern Yunnan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734488","sielau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sielau1","avibase-B0EA6012",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° ir N., long. 98° 32' E.], Lower Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/312/mode/1up","G[arrulax] melanostigma"],["24923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron melanostigma melanostigma","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (including northeastern Tenasserim) and northwestern and western Thailand (southward from Doi Inthanon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5CC9F76",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° ir N., long. 98° 32' E.], Lower Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/312/mode/1up","G[arrulax] melanostigma"],["24924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron melanostigma ramsayi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (central Tenasserim) and adjacent southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D97A4A6",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma.","A new Trochalopterum from Karen-nee.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/580/mode/1up","Trochalopterum ramsayi"],["24925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron melanostigma schistaceum","(Deignan, 1938)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51, no.21 p.89-90",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand (including Doi Chiang Dao and Doi Pha Hom Pok)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-279D1317",null,null,"Doi Luang Chiang Dao [lat. 19° 25' N., long. 98° 55' E.] , Thailand.","A review of the southern (melanostigma) group of the Red-headed Laughing-thrush, Garrulax erythrocephalus (Vigors), with descriptions of two new races from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/111/mode/1up","Garrulax erythrocephalus schistaceus"],["24926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron melanostigma subconnectens","(Deignan, 1938)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51, no.21 p.90-91",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thailand (Doi Phu Kha National Park) and northwestern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE0F6AC1",null,null,"Doi Phu Kha [lat. 19° 05' N., long. 101° 05' E.], Thailand.","A review of the southern (melanostigma) group of the Red-headed Laughing-thrush, Garrulax erythrocephalus (Vigors), with descriptions of two new races from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/112/mode/1up","Garrulax erythrocephalus subconnectens"],["24927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Trochalopteron melanostigma connectans","Delacour, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern China (southeastern Yunnan), northeastern and central Laos, and northwestern Vietnam (western Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BE873CA",null,null,"Phu Ke, near Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.","Description of a new Laughing-Thrush from Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/94/mode/1up","Trochalopterum erythrocephalum connectans"],["24928","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Montecincla","Robin, Vishnudas, Gupta et al., 2017","BMC Evolutionary Biology 2017 17:31",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","C[rateropus]. cachinnans [Jerdon, 1839]",null,"Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India","https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-017-0882-6","Montecincla"],["24929","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Montecincla cachinnans","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.255 pl.7","Nilgiri Laughingthrush","Nilgiri Laughingthrush","Nilgiri Chilappan",null,null,"southwestern Peninsular India (Nilgiri Hills in western Tamil Nadu)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103874076","bkclau2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkclau2","avibase-E39255D9",null,null,"Nilgiri Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/281/mode/1up","C[rateropus] cachinnans"],["24930","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Montecincla jerdoni","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.6 p.522","Banasura Laughingthrush","Banasura Laughingthrush","Banasura Chilappan",null,null,"hill forest of southwestern India (Western Ghats in Coorg region)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103874145","bkclau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkclau1","avibase-F192C0CB",null,null,"southern India; type from Balasore Peak, 'a high hill at the edge of the Ghats separating Malabar from the Wynaad,' fide Jerdon, 1863, Birds India, 2, p. 50.","Notice of a collection of Mammalia, Birds, and Reptiles, procured at or near the station of Chérra Punji in the Khásia hills, north of Sylhet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/584/mode/1up","Garrulax (?) Jerdoni"],["24931","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Montecincla fairbanki","(Blanford, 1869)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 38, pt.2, no.3 p.175-177, pl. 17a","Palani Laughingthrush","Palani Laughingthrush","Palani Chilappan",null,null,"southern India (Palni and Anaimalai hills and northern Kerala)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103874452","kerlau2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kerlau2","avibase-7BF8790B",null,null,"Palni Hills, southern India.","Ornithological Notes, chiefly on some birds of Central, Western and Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114440#page/427/mode/1up","Trochalopteron Fairbanki"],["24932","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Montecincla meridionalis","(Blanford, 1880)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 49, pt.2, no.3 p.142-144","Ashambu Laughingthrush","Ashambu Laughingthrush","Ashambu Chilappan",null,null,"hill forest of southwestern India (southern Kerala)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103874754","kerlau3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kerlau3","avibase-9D9DBBDC",null,null,"southern Kerala ; type specimen from the Tirunelveli boundary, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 375.","On a Species of Trochalopterum from Travancore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137988#page/784/mode/1up","Trochalopterum meridionale"],["24933","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Heterophasia cuculopsis [Blyth, 1842]; type by monotypy = Sibia picaoides Hodgson, 1839  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/220/mode/1up","Heterophasia"],["24934","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia auricularis","(Swinhoe, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6 p.361","White-eared Sibia","White-eared Sibia","White-eared Sibia",null,null,"montane oak forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716711","whesib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whesib1","avibase-2487A80F",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of four new Species of Formosan Birds ; with further Notes on the Ornithology of the Island'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/403/mode/1up","Kittacincla auricularis"],["24935","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia picaoides","(Hodgson, 1839)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 8, pt.1, no.85 p.38","Long-tailed Sibia","Long-tailed Sibia","Long-tailed Sibia",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen and oak-pine forest, secondary growth, and forest clearings, from northeastern India and Bhutan eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward to central Vietnam, peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716717","lotsib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotsib1","avibase-3C8820C7",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of two new Species of a new form of Meruline Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123736#page/56/mode/1up","[Sibia] Pieaoïdes"],["24936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia picaoides picaoides","(Hodgson, 1839)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 8, pt.1, no.85 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, northwestern Yunnan, and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-569014B1",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of two new Species of a new form of Meruline Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123736#page/56/mode/1up","[Sibia] Pieaoïdes"],["24937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia picaoides cana","(Riley, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.16 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Yunnan) to southern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80AFD6DB",null,null,"Doi Ang Ka [lat. 18° 35' N., long. 98° 30' E.] , Thailand.","Descriptions of three new Birds from the mountains of Northern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/192/mode/1up","Sibia picaoides cana"],["24938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia picaoides wrayi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula (northern Perak to southern Selangor and northern Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A61FFE8C",null,null,"mountains of central portion of Malay Peninsula.","Description of a new species of Wren-Babbler from Tenasserim and of a new species of Sibia from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/370/mode/1up","Sibia wrayi"],["24939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia picaoides simillima","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B164BF63",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/238/mode/1up","Heterophasia simillima"],["24940","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia pulchella","(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.13, no.74 p.160","Beautiful Sibia","Beautiful Sibia","Beautiful Sibia",null,null,"northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh) and adjacent southern China (southeastern Tibet) and eastern Arunachal Pradesh southward to Nagaland), northern Myanmar, and southern China (western and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716714","beasib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beasib1","avibase-F990AA6C",null,null,"Barail Range, Assam.","XXV. Description of a new Sibia from the Nágá Hills, North-east Frontier, Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78506#page/174/mode/1up","Sibia pulchella"],["24941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia pulchella nigroaurita","(Kinnear, 1944)","Ibis vol.86, no.1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (western and central Arunachal Pradesh) and adjacent southern China (southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84441B19",null,null,"Lhalung, Pachakshiri district, southeastern Tibet.","The Birds of South-eastern Tibet (with Notes by N. B. Kinnear).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1944.tb07533.x","Leioptila pulchella nigroaurita"],["24942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia pulchella pulchella","(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.13, no.74 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (eastern Arunachal Pradesh southward to Nagaland), northern Myanmar, and southern China (western and northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0E00B5A",null,null,"Barail Range, Assam.","XXV. Description of a new Sibia from the Nágá Hills, North-east Frontier, Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78506#page/174/mode/1up","Sibia pulchella"],["24943","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia capistrata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.56","Rufous Sibia","Rufous Sibia","Rufous Sibia",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen forest, oak-fir forest, secondary growth, and gardens, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to northeastern India and adjacent southern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716699","rufsib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufsib1","avibase-50BF5295",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Ripley, 1961, Synop. Birds India Pakistan, p. 416.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/70/mode/1up","Cinclosoma capistratum"],["24944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia capistrata capistrata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Pakistan to Garhwal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-135430D6",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Ripley, 1961, Synop. Birds India Pakistan, p. 416.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/70/mode/1up","Cinclosoma capistratum"],["24945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia capistrata nigriceps","(Hodgson, 1839)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 8, pt.1, no.85 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"central Himalayas (Uttarakhand to central Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30F4AA06",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to central Nepal, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 399.","Description of two new Species of a new form of Meruline Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123736#page/56/mode/1up","[Sibia] Nigriceps"],["24946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia capistrata bayleyi","(Kinnear, 1939)","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.4 p.752",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (eastern Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, southern Tibet, and northern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FFB8F6C",null,null,"Taktoo, near Sakden, eastern Bhutan.","On three new Races of Himalayan and Tibetan Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb07201.x","Leioptila capistrata bayleyi"],["24947","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia gracilis","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.159","Grey Sibia","Gray Sibia","Grey Sibia",null,null,"montane forest of northeastern India, Myanmar, and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716702","grysib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grysib1","avibase-3B369923",null,null,"Assam ; restricted to the Naga Hills, by Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 7.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/689/mode/1up","Hypsipetes gracilis"],["24948","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia melanoleuca","(Blyth, 1859)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.413","Dark-backed Sibia","Dark-backed Sibia","Dark-backed Sibia",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest from eastern Myanmar eastward to western Laos, and southward to western Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735192","blbsib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbsib1","avibase-49E535FF",null,null,"Tenasserim; type from Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° ir N., long. 98° 32' E.], fide Tickell, 1859, ibid., 28, p. 451.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/425/mode/1up","Sibia melanoleuca"],["24949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia melanoleuca radcliffei","(Stuart Baker, 1922)","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. Ed.2, 1 p.296,300",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and northwestern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA876F97",null,null,"N.E. Central Burma",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56516#page/328/mode/1up","Leioptila melanoleuca radcliffei"],["24950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia melanoleuca castanoptera","(Salvadori, 1889)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.27 p.363, 411",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (Southern Shan State and Karenni State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A34EC899",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111047#page/367/mode/1up","Malacias castanopterus"],["24951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia melanoleuca melanoleuca","(Blyth, 1859)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28, no.4 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7286648C",null,null,"Tenasserim; type from Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° ir N., long. 98° 32' E.], fide Tickell, 1859, ibid., 28, p. 451.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for September, 1859.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124450#page/425/mode/1up","Sibia melanoleuca"],["24952","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia desgodinsi","(David & Oustalet, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris ser.7, Tome 1er (1876-1877), no.3 p.139-141","Black-headed Sibia","Black-headed Sibia","Black-headed Sibia",null,null,"montane forest and edge from northeastern Myanmar eastward to western Hubei (central China) and south disjunctly through Laos and Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734613","blhsib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhsib1","avibase-2869ADB4",null,null,"Yer-ka-lo, on the Mekong at ca. lat. 29° 03' 30' N., Hsikang.","Description d'une espèce nouvelle du genre Sibia (S. Desgodinsi).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/152/mode/1up","Sibia Desgodinsi"],["24953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia desgodinsi desgodinsi","(David & Oustalet, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris ser.7, Tome 1er (1876-1877), no.3 p.139-141",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar from Southern Shan State to southwestern China (Sichuan and Yunnan eastward to western Hubei and western Hunan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E887DBC9",null,null,"Yer-ka-lo, on the Mekong at ca. lat. 29° 03' 30' N., Hsikang.","Description d'une espèce nouvelle du genre Sibia (S. Desgodinsi).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/152/mode/1up","Sibia Desgodinsi"],["24954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia desgodinsi tonkinensis","(Yen, 1934)","Science Journal [College of Science, Sun Yatsen University, Canton] 6, no.2 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (Tonkin); probably this subspecies in northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5468D4C5",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104° 4r E.], Tongking.","Études des genres du groupe Siva-Leiothrix.",null,"Leioptila Desgodinsi tonkinensis"],["24955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia desgodinsi engelbachi","(Delacour, 1930)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie 11, pt.2 p.653",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolaven Plateau (southern Laos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFB02BB7",null,null,"Phu-king-toul, Boloven Plateau, southern Laos.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Indochine.",null,"Leioptila desgodinsi engelbachi"],["24956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia desgodinsi kingi","Eames, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Laos and Mount Ngoc Linh (Kon Tum, central Vietnam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4A646AE",null,null,"c. 2,200 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh, 18 May 1996 by NC and prepared as a standard museum skin by NC","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/161/mode/1up","Heterophasia melanoleuca kingi"],["24957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Heterophasia desgodinsi robinsoni","(Rothschild, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Langbian Plateau (southern Vietnam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF794810",null,null,"Dalat [lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/54/mode/1up","Lioptila robinsoni"],["24958","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.38 p.17",null,null,null,"2025-0573","A broad <em>Actinodura</em>, including taxa placed in <em>Sibia, Siva</em>, and <em>Chrysominla</em>, is supported based on Cibois et al. (2018b) and Cai et al. (2019). The species in this broader genus are characterized by having short, loose crests, long tails, and barred wings and tail, with the exception of <em>strigula</em>, which lacks barring, and <em>cyanouroptera, </em>which is more divergent, especially in plumage pattern.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Actinodura egertoni [Gould, 1836]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/29/mode/1up","Actinodura"],["24959","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.145","Hoary-throated Barwing","Hoary-throated Barwing","Hoary-throated Barwing",null,null,"Nepal eastward to Bhutan and northeastern India (far western Arunachal Pradesh) and adjacent China (southern Tibet)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716563","hotbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hotbar1","avibase-05F6BA7F",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to Kathmandu Valley, by Ripley, 1950, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63, p. 104.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/201196#page/34/mode/1up","Cinclosoma ? Nipalensis"],["24960","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura morrisoniana","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.119","Taiwan Barwing","Taiwan Barwing","Taiwan Barwing",null,null,"montane evergreen forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716572","taibar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taibar1","avibase-1CB4B6D5",null,null,"Mount Morrison, Formosa.","On new species from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/145/mode/1up","Actinodura morrisoniana"],["24961","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura souliei","Oustalet, 1897","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 3, no.5 p.164","Streaked Barwing","Streaked Barwing","Streaked Barwing",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane broadleaf forest, open fir forest, and bamboo, in south-central China and in northern Vietnam and adjacent southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716569","strbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strbar1","avibase-99A1540F",null,null,"Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137048#page/174/mode/1up","Actinodura Souliei"],["24962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura souliei souliei","Oustalet, 1897","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 3, no.5 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-rhododendron forest of southern China (southern Sichuan to northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84398A46",null,null,"Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137048#page/174/mode/1up","Actinodura Souliei"],["24963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura souliei griseinucha","Delacour & Jabouille, 1930","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.403",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-rhododendron forest of northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF3D8934",null,null,"Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 1r N., long. 104° 4r E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Actinodura souliei griseinucha"],["24964","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura waldeni","Godwin-Austen, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.46 pl.12","Streak-throated Barwing","Streak-throated Barwing","Streak-throated Barwing",null,null,"foothill to montane mossy evergreen and mixed forest, oak and rhododendron forest, and bamboo, from northeastern India and southeast Tibet eastward to south-central China, and southward to northern and western Myanmar, downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716566","sttbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttbar1","avibase-EE65C146",null,null,"Mount Japvo, Naga Hills, Assam.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/94/mode/1up","Actinodura waldeni"],["24965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura waldeni daflaensis","Godwin-Austen, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.16, no.95 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Assam (north of the Brahmaputra) and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6FE4608",null,null,"Dafla Hills, Assam.","XLIV. Description of a supposed new Actinura from the Dafla Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81071#page/354/mode/1up","Actinura daflaensis"],["24966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura waldeni waldeni","Godwin-Austen, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.46 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Assam (Naga Hills and Manipur) to northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BFBEBBC",null,null,"Mount Japvo, Naga Hills, Assam.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/94/mode/1up","Actinodura waldeni"],["24967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura waldeni poliotis","(Rippon, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-953273A4",null,null,"Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15' N., long. 93° 55' E.], Upper Burma.","On four new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/709/mode/1up","Ixops poliotis"],["24968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura waldeni saturatior","(Rothschild, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Kachin State) and southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C132DC36",null,null,"Shweli-Salween Divide, western Yunnan.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/495/mode/1up","Ixops poliotis saturatior"],["24969","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.88","Blue-winged Minla","Blue-winged Minla","Blue-winged Minla",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen and mixed forest, open pine forest, secondary growth, and bamboo, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China and Hainan, and southward to Vietnam, western Cambodia, and peninsular Malaysia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716576","blwmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwmin1","avibase-A6704D52",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"Siva Cyanouroptera"],["24970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera cyanouroptera","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Uttarakhand eastward to Bhutan, northeastern Indian hill states southward to Manipur, and northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDAE4BF6",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"Siva Cyanouroptera"],["24971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera aglae","(Deignan, 1942)","Notulae Naturae 100 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Mizoram) and western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F1E4D76",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","Remarks on the races of Siva cyanouroptera occuring in north Thailand, with description of a new subspecies from Burma.",null,"Siva cyanouroptera aglaë"],["24972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera wingatei","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to northern Thailand, southern China (including Hainan), and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A10549B5",null,null,"near Kunming, Yunnan.","[Description of new species from Southern China].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/70/mode/1up","Siva wingatei"],["24973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera sordida","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.104-105",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (including Tenasserim) and northwestern and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08A9209F",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° 11' N., long. 98° 32' E.], Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/120/mode/1up","Siva sordida"],["24974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera wirthi","(Collar, 2011)","Forktail 27 100-102",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolaven Plateau (southern Laos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21F1727B",null,null,"‘Thateng’, Bolaven Plateau, Laos; taken 11 December 1931 by J. Delacour.","Taxonomic notes on some Asian babblers (Timaliidae).","https://www.orientalbirdclub.org/s/Babblers.pdf","Siva cyanouroptera wirthi"],["24975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera orientalis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.587-588",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (southern Annam) and adjacent eastern Cambodia (Phumi Dak Dam, in southern Mondulkiri)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CFE2F5A",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks [ca. lat. 12° 02' N., long. 108° 26' E.] , Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/691/mode/1up","Siva sordida orientalis"],["24976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera rufodorsalis","(Engelbach, 1946)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 16 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2F47D59",null,null,"mountains of the Cardomoms, southwestern Cambodia.","Sur une race nouvelle de Siva cyanouroptera.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313236#page/80/mode/1up","Siva cyanouroptera rufodorsalis"],["24977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura cyanouroptera sordidior","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.3 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-893B8D17",null,null,"Batang Padang Mountains, Perak.","List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the Main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/338/mode/1up","Siva sordidior"],["24978","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura strigula","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.89","Bar-throated Minla","Chestnut-tailed Minla","Bar-throated Minla",null,null,"submontane to montane broadleaf evergreen and mixed forest, subalpine oak and rhododendron forest, rhododendron scrub, and bamboo, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, southward to western Thailand, and disjunctly in central Vietnam and peninsular Malaysia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716579","chtmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtmin1","avibase-55B3A7AF",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"[Mesia] Siva Strigula"],["24979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura strigula simlaensis","(Meinertzhagen, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (eastern Kashmir to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3351A1A5",null,null,"Simla, Himachal Pradesh.","Review of Siva strigula, with the descriptions of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/168/mode/1up","Siva strigula simlaensis"],["24980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura strigula strigula","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (west-central Nepal to Bhutan, western Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India), and adjacent southern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB31C475",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"[Mesia] Siva Strigula"],["24981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura strigula yunnanensis","(Rothschild, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.40",null,null,null,"2025-1231","With the move to <em>Actinodura, Actinodura strigula yunnanensis</em> is not a valid name since <em>yunnanensis </em>is preoccupied by <em>Actinodura ramsayi yunnanensis</em>. However, given the complexities involved in the nomenclature and taxonomy here, we will defer resolution of this issue to a later version in order to give it due consideration.","eastern Assam, western, Myanmar, and southwestern China eastward to northern Laos and northern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-851D4951",null,null,"Likiang Range, northwestern Yunnan.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/56/mode/1up","Siva strigula yunnanensis"],["24982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura strigula traii","(Eames, 2002)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Vietnam (Mount Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum, south-central Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5432163",null,null,"c. 2,300 m asl, Mt Ngoc Linh [Vietnam], 5 April 1998 by LTT","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/149/mode/1up","Minla strigula traii"],["24983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura strigula castanicauda","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (including northern Tenasserim) and northwestern and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3B822D4",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° ir N., long. 98° 32' E.], Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/116/mode/1up","Siva castanicauda"],["24984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura strigula malayana","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.567-568",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Peninsular Malaysia (northern Perak to southern Selangor and Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A14916D",null,null,"Gunong Tahan, Pahang, Malay Peninsula","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/633/mode/1up","Siva strigula malayana"],["24985","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura egertoni","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.38 p.18","Rusty-fronted Barwing","Rusty-fronted Barwing","Rusty-fronted Barwing",null,null,"foothill to submontane understory broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and bamboo, from Nepal eastward through Himalayas to southern China, and southward to northeastern India and western Myanma",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716557","rufbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufbar1","avibase-34B1C50C",null,null,"Nepal.","Characters of some new Birds in the Society's Collection, including two new genera, Paradoxornis and Actinodura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/30/mode/1up","Actinodura Egertoni"],["24986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura egertoni egertoni","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.38 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, northern Assam and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0405349",null,null,"Nepal.","Characters of some new Birds in the Society's Collection, including two new genera, Paradoxornis and Actinodura.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/30/mode/1up","Actinodura Egertoni"],["24987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura egertoni lewisi","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46453911",null,null,"Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/293/mode/1up","Actinodura egertoni lewisi"],["24988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura egertoni khasiana","Godwin-Austen, 1876","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 45, pt.2, no.2 p.76,text",null,null,null,null,null,"hill forest of southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B80369D",null,null,"Khasi Hills, Assam.","List of the Birds collected on the Expedition into the Dafla Hills, Assam, together with those obtained in the adjacent Darrang Terai.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114186#page/86/mode/1up","A[ctinura] khasiana"],["24989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura egertoni ripponi","Ogilvie-Grant & La Touche, 1907","Ibis ser.9, vol.1, no.1 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (western Yunnan and southwestern Guangxi) to southwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4F94FF7",null,null,"Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15' N., long. 93° 55' E.] , Upper Burma.","On the Birds of the Island of Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86740#page/244/mode/1up","Actinodura ripponi"],["24990","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura sodangorum","Eames, Le, Cu Nguyen & Eve, 1998","Ibis vol.141 p.2-10","Black-crowned Barwing","Black-crowned Barwing","Black-crowned Barwing",null,null,"western highlands of Vietnam",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716552","bkcbar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcbar1","avibase-E5AD68C4",null,null,"Ngoc Linh (15\"04'N, 107\"59'E), Kon Tum Province, Vietnam, at about 2100 m asl on 15 May 1996","New species of barwing Actinodura (Passeriformes: Sylviinae: Timaliini) from the Western Highlands of Vietnam.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb04257.x","Actinodura sodangorum"],["24991","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura ramsayi","Walden, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.15, no.90 p.402","Spectacled Barwing","Spectacled Barwing",null,"2025-0574","Taxon <em>radcliffei </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Actinodura ramsayi</em> based on available evidence. Although <em>radcliffei </em>differs from nominate <em>ramsayi </em>in plumage, vocal and genetic data are lacking, and the presence of a potentially intermediate population in Thailand and Laos indicates that further research is required.","foothill to submontane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, scrub, and bamboo, from eastern Myanmar eastward to southern China, and southward to western Thailand and central Laos",null,null,null,"spebar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spebar1","avibase-6D30E624",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma ; type from Kyebogyi [lat. 19° 21' N., long. 97° 14' E.], fide Ramsay, 1881, Orn. Works Arthur, Ninth Marquis Tweeddale, p. 415, footnote.","L. Descriptions of some undescribed species of Birds discovered by Lieutenant Wardlaw Ramsay in Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53338#page/416/mode/1up","Actinura Ramsayi"],["24992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura ramsayi yunnanensis","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern China (southeastern Yunnan and southern Guangxi) to northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48ED3897",null,null,"Loukouchai, southeastern Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/390/mode/1up","Actinodura ramsayi yunnanensis"],["24993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura ramsayi radcliffei","Harington, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar (Ruby Mines district) to southwestern Yunnan and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AF345B1",null,null,"'Ruby Mines District' [= Katha District, Sagaing Division, Upper Burma].","Descriptions of two new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/37/mode/1up","Actinodura radcliffei"],["24994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Actinodura ramsayi ramsayi","Walden, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.15, no.90 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far southeastern Myanmar and adjacent northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEA407F5",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma ; type from Kyebogyi [lat. 19° 21' N., long. 97° 14' E.], fide Ramsay, 1881, Orn. Works Arthur, Ninth Marquis Tweeddale, p. 415, footnote.","L. Descriptions of some undescribed species of Birds discovered by Lieutenant Wardlaw Ramsay in Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53338#page/416/mode/1up","Actinura Ramsayi"],["24995","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.233,490",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parus furcatus [Temminck, 1824]; type by original designation = Sylvia lutea Scopoli, 1786",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/353/mode/1up","Leiothrix"],["24996","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix lutea","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96","Red-billed Leiothrix","Red-billed Leiothrix","Red-billed Leiothrix",null,null,"foothill to montane forest understory, forest edge, secondary growth, scrub, and bamboo, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China, and southward to northeastern India and northern Vietnam; introduced in Hawaiian Islands (Oahu eastward to Hawaii) and Japan (central Honshu to Kyushu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716522","reblei","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reblei","avibase-E147E79E",null,null,"China, ex Sonnerat ; restricted to mountains of Anhwei, by Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 364.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Sylvia (lutea)"],["24997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix lutea kumaiensis","Whistler, 1943","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 63 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Kashmir to northwestern Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE8558C7",null,null,"Dehra Dun, northwestern Uttar Pradesh.","A new Race of the Indian Red-billed Leiothrix.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125660#page/86/mode/1up","Leiothrix lutea kumaiensis"],["24998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix lutea calipyga","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal eastward to Bhutan, the northeastern Indian hill states, southern China (southeastern Tibet), and far northwestern Myanmar (possibly southward to the northern Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E14BA7C1",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"[Mesia] Bahila Calipyga"],["24999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix lutea yunnanensis","Rothschild, 1921","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southwestern China (southeastern Qinghai and northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49BB369D",null,null,"Shweli-Salween Divide, western Yunnan.","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/52/mode/1up","Leiothrix luteus yunnanensis"],["25000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix lutea kwangtungensis","Stresemann, 1923","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong) to northeastern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1BD997C",null,null,"Siuhang, Kwangtung.","Neue Formen aus Süd-China.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012813","Leiothrix lutea kwangtungensis"],["25001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix lutea lutea","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D7D8ACD",null,null,"China, ex Sonnerat ; restricted to mountains of Anhwei, by Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 364.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Sylvia (lutea)"],["25002","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.88","Silver-eared Mesia","Silver-eared Mesia",null,"2025-0572","Taxon <em>laurinae </em>(polytypic, including <em>rookmakeri</em>) is considered conspecific with <em>Leiothrix argentauris</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although plumage differences are present, mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Cibois et al. 2018b), vocal differences have not been formally analysed, and results from a genomic DNA study are pending.","foothill to submontane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, open pine forest, secondary growth, bamboo, and plantations, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to southern China, and southward to southern Vietnam, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra; introduced in Hong Kong",null,null,null,"siemes1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siemes1","avibase-6B9D3B7D",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"Mesia Argentauris"],["25003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris argentauris","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Garhwal to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and northern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6285B8D1",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae. (Continued from page 34.).",null,"Mesia Argentauris"],["25004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris aureigularis","(Koelz, 1953)","Journal of the Zoological Society of India 4, no.2 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A7BA6FE",null,null,"Tura Mountain, Garo Hills, Assam.","New races of Assam birds.",null,"Mesia argentauris aureigularis"],["25005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris vernayi","(Mayr & Greenway, 1938)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 17 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam to northern Myanmar and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16584050",null,null,"Hai Bum, Patkai Hills, northwestern Burma.","Forms of Mesia argentauris.",null,"Mesia argentauris vernayi"],["25006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris galbana","(Mayr & Greenway, 1938)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 17 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79A12D31",null,null,"Doi Ang Ka [lat. 18° 35' N., long. 98° 30' E.], Thailand.","Forms of Mesia argentauris.",null,"Mesia argentauris galbana"],["25007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris ricketti","(La Touche, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-773E0467",null,null,"Szemao, southern Yunnan.","Description of new species and subspecies of Chinese birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/579/mode/1up","Mesia argentauris ricketti"],["25008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris cunhaci","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.591, pl. XVI, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau) and southern Annam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62D90C04",null,null,"Dalat [lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/699/mode/1up","Mesia argentauris cunhaci"],["25009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris tahanensis","(Yen, 1934)","Science Journal [College of Science, Sun Yatsen University, Canton] 6, no.2 p.378, 379",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10E79686",null,null,"Gunong Tahan [lat. 4° 38' N., long. 102° 14' E.], Pahang.","Études des genres du groupe Siva-Leiothrix.",null,"Mesia argentauris tahanensis"],["25010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris rookmakeri","(Junge, 1948)","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 29 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northwestern Sumatra (Aceh District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C0186C1",null,null,"Pang Mok, north of Lake Takengon, Acheh district, northwestern Sumatra.","Notes on some Sumatran birds.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318125","Mesia argentauris rookmakeri"],["25011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leiothrix argentauris laurinae","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDC7C7FC",null,null,"Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E.], Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/237/mode/1up","Leiothrix laurinae"],["25012","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Minla","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2(1837) p.32 ? 1837",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Minla ignotincta [Hodgson, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Minla"],["25013","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Minla ignotincta","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.32","Red-tailed Minla","Red-tailed Minla","Red-tailed Minla",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen or conifer forest, especially oak and rhododendron forest, from Nepal eastward through Himalayas to central and southeastern China, and southward patchily to central Myanmar, southern Laos, and adjacent Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716582","retmin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retmin1","avibase-63449558",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"Minla Ignotincta"],["25014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Minla ignotincta ignotincta","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Myanmar, southeastern Tibet, Assam, and southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B064FA18",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of some new forms belonging to the Parianae.",null,"Minla Ignotincta"],["25015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Minla ignotincta mariae","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) to northern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC85884D",null,null,"Milati, southeastern Yunnan.","Descriptions of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/252/mode/1up","Minla ignotincta mariae"],["25016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Minla ignotincta sini","Stresemann, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, no.2 p.325, p. 333",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Yao Shan region of Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD6FF444",null,null,"Yao Shan, Kwangsi.","Eine Vogelsammlung aus Kwangsi.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917261","Minla ignotincta sini"],["25017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Minla ignotincta jerdoni","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Sichuan, southern Hunan, and Yao Shan region of Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFC366FA",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; type from Chengtu, Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/340/mode/1up","Minla jerdoni"],["25018","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leioptila annectans [Blyth, 1847]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/505/mode/1up","Leioptila"],["25019","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila annectens","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.450","Rufous-backed Sibia","Rufous-backed Sibia","Rufous-backed Sibia",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen or semi-deciduous forest, from eastern Nepal eastward through Himalayas to southern China and northwestern Vietnam, and southward to western Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716696","rubsib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsib1","avibase-932DB585",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/506/mode/1up","L[eioptila] annectans"],["25020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila annectens annectens","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"Sikkim to Bhutan, Assam, northwestern Myanmar, and western Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD5DA1D7",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/506/mode/1up","L[eioptila] annectans"],["25021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila annectens mixta","(Deignan, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to southwestern Yunnan, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8BC163E",null,null,"Doi Pha Hom Pok [lat. 20° 05' N., long. 99° 10' E.], Thailand.","A miscellany of new birds from eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/211/mode/1up","Heterophasia annectens mixta"],["25022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila annectens saturata","Walden, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.352,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar to northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE0B3F60",null,null,"Karenni State, Upper Burma. Chestnutbacked phase","Ornithological Notes from the District of Karen-nee, Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/388/mode/1up","L[eioptila] saturata"],["25023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila annectens davisoni","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.110-111",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tenasserim (southern Myanmar) and adjacent western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17C0C38E",null,null,"Mulayit Taung [lat. 16°irN., long. 98°32'E.], Tenasserim. Black-backed phase","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/126/mode/1up","Leioptila Davisoni"],["25024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila annectens roundi","(Eames, 2002)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"central Vietnam (Kon Tum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB76BC63",null,null,"at c. 1,500 m asl, Cong Troi (15° 14’N, 107°41’E), 15 April 1998. Collected and prepared as a standard museum skin by LTT","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/158/mode/1up","Heterophasia annectans roundi"],["25025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Leioptila annectens eximia","Riley, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.11 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB9B5DD7",null,null,"Forests of Cam-ly [= Dalat (lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.)], Annam.","Five new forms of Birds from southern Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/68/mode/1up","Leioptila annectens eximia"],["25026","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla","Swinhoe, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.4 p.473",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Liocichla steerii [Swinhoe, 1877]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/515/mode/1up","Liocichla"],["25027","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla omeiensis","Riley, 1926","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 39 p.57","Emei Shan Liocichla","Emei Shan Liocichla","Emei Shan Liocichla",null,null,"mountains of southwestern China (central Sichuan on Mount Omei Shan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715770","gyflio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyflio1","avibase-AB57523F",null,null,"Mount Omei, Szechwan.","A new species of Liocichla from the mountains of Szechwan, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107491#page/77/mode/1up","Liocichla omeiensis"],["25028","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla bugunorum","Athreya, 2006","Indian Birds 2, no.4 82-94.","Bugun Liocichla","Bugun Liocichla","Bugun Liocichla",null,null,"Arunachal Pradesh, India",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734628","buglio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buglio1","avibase-8D7B97E0",null,null,"Lama Camp near Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India.",null,"http://indianbirds.in/pdfs/IB2.4_Athreya_BugunLiocichla.pdf","Liocichla bugunorum"],["25029","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla steerii","Swinhoe, 1877","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.4 p.474 pl.14","Taiwan Liocichla","Taiwan Liocichla","Taiwan Liocichla",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715775","stelio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stelio1","avibase-E1A2DAD9",null,null,"mountains of southern Formosa.","On a new Bird from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/516/mode/1up","Liocichla steerii"],["25030","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla phoenicea","(Gould, 1837)","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.1 pl.3,text","Red-faced Liocichla","Red-faced Liocichla","Red-faced Liocichla",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, dense thicket bordering cultivation, and scrub, from northeastern India (possibly eastern Nepal) eastward through Himalayas to southern China, and southward to western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878699","reflio2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reflio2","avibase-D0E844AC",null,null,"Himalayas ; inferentially restricted to Nepal, apud Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds India Pakistan, p. 396",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/19/mode/1up","Ianthocincla phoenicea"],["25031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla phoenicea phoenicea","(Gould, 1837)","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.1 pl.3,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Nepal to Bhutan and Assam (Mishmi Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D30F75F",null,null,"Himalayas ; inferentially restricted to Nepal, apud Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds India Pakistan, p. 396",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/19/mode/1up","Ianthocincla phoenicea"],["25032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla phoenicea bakeri","(Hartert, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to northwestern Myanmar and northwestern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C88A0F1B",null,null,"Laisung, North Cachar, Assam.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from Africa, India, and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/382/mode/1up","Trochalopteron phoeniceum bakeri"],["25033","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla ripponi","(Oates, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.10","Scarlet-faced Liocichla","Scarlet-faced Liocichla","Scarlet-faced Liocichla",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane scrubby ravines, open swampy forest, and bamboo jungle, from eastern Myanmar eastward to southeastern China, and southward to northern Thailand, northeastern Laos, and adjacent Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878757","reflio3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reflio3","avibase-9C498E1F",null,null,"Shan States, Upper Burma; type from Fort Stedman, Southern Shan State, fide Berlioz, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Franç. Orn., 11, p. 93.","Trochalopterum ripponi, n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/168/mode/1up","Trochalopterum ripponi"],["25034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla ripponi ripponi","(Oates, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar (Kachin State to Southern Shan State) and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E0BE694",null,null,"Shan States, Upper Burma; type from Fort Stedman, Southern Shan State, fide Berlioz, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Franç. Orn., 11, p. 93.","Trochalopterum ripponi, n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/168/mode/1up","Trochalopterum ripponi"],["25035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Liocichla ripponi wellsi","(La Touche, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) to northern Laos and northern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9C760AB",null,null,"Mengtsz [lat. 23° 23' N., long. 103° 2r E.], Yunnan.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/237/mode/1up","Trochalopterum phoeniceum wellsi"],["25036","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya","Lesson, 1831","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 25 p.106,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Malurus squamiceps [Cretzschmar, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 44).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25919#page/504/mode/1up","Argya"],["25037","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya malcolmi","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.88","Large Grey Babbler","Large Gray Babbler","Large Grey Babbler",null,null,"dry lowland scrub of Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716361","lagbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lagbab2","avibase-8EB286E5",null,null,"the Deccan [= Poona, Bombay, fide Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 35, p. 740].","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/292/mode/1up","Timalia Malcolmi"],["25038","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya cinereifrons","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.176","Ashy-headed Laughingthrush","Ashy-headed Laughingthrush","Ashy-fronted Babbler",null,null,"humid forest of southwestern Sri Lanka",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715586","ashlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashlau1","avibase-9E35E2B0",null,null,"Ceylon.","Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/224/mode/1up","Garrulax cinereifrons"],["25039","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya longirostris","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.408","Slender-billed Babbler","Slender-billed Babbler","Slender-billed Babbler",null,null,"grassland of Nepal to Assam and northwestern Myanmar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716358","slbbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbbab1","avibase-B7794D41",null,null,"Nepal.",null,null,"Pyctorhis longirostris"],["25040","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya subrufa","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.259","Rufous Babbler","Rufous Babbler","Rufous Babbler",null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats to Kerala and Nilgiri Hills)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716392","rufbab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufbab3","avibase-51AADA00",null,null,"The Wynaad, near Manantoddy, Madras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/285/mode/1up","T[himalia] subrufa"],["25041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya subrufa subrufa","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats to northern Kerala, Madras, and Nilgiri Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FAC3C24",null,null,"The Wynaad, near Manantoddy, Madras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/285/mode/1up","T[himalia] subrufa"],["25042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya subrufa hyperythra","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (southwestern Madras and Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED6D2B9D",null,null,"Madras ; type locality restricted to Palghat, by Ripley, 1953, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 17, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/410/mode/1up","Argya hyperythra"],["25043","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya rufescens","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.453","Orange-billed Babbler","Orange-billed Babbler","Orange-billed Babbler",null,null,"humid forest of Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716406","orbbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbbab1","avibase-C4F17E29",null,null,"Ceylon.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/509/mode/1up","M[alacocercus] rufescens"],["25044","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya affinis","(Jerdon, 1845)","Illustrations of Indian ornithology, containing fifty figures of new, unfigured and interesting species of birds, chiefly from the south of India text pl.19","Yellow-billed Babbler","Yellow-billed Babbler","Yellow-billed Babbler",null,null,"arid lowlands and foothills of southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716409","yebbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbab1","avibase-A70548E8",null,null,"Travancore [= Kerala] .",null,null,"M[alacocircus] affinis"],["25045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya affinis affinis","(Jerdon, 1845)","Illustrations of Indian ornithology, containing fifty figures of new, unfigured and interesting species of birds, chiefly from the south of India text pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"arid lowlands and foothills of southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0002E1E",null,null,"Travancore [= Kerala] .",null,null,"M[alacocircus] affinis"],["25046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya affinis taprobanus","(Ripley, 1958)","Postilla 36 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CC5D424",null,null,"Alawna, Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/342/mode/1up","Turdoides affinis taprobanus"],["25047","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya striata","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.268","Jungle Babbler","Jungle Babbler",null,"2025-0566","Taxon <em>somervillei </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Argya striata</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although <em>somervillei </em>is separable on plumage, vocalizations are similar, and formal bioacoustic and genetic data are lacking. Possibly parapatric; further research required.","Pakistan through sub-Himalayan India to western Assam and southeastern Bangladesh",null,null,null,"junbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/junbab2","avibase-5713B725",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/274/mode/1up","Cossyphus striatus"],["25048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya striata sindiana","(Ticehurst, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21B521D3",null,null,"Karachi, West Pakistan.","Description of two new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/424/mode/1up","Crateropus terricolor sindianus"],["25049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya striata striata","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills (northern India to eastern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FD764CF",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/274/mode/1up","Cossyphus striatus"],["25050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya striata somervillei","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western India (Surat Dangs to Goa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4426187D",null,null,"ghats of the Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/292/mode/1up","Timalia Somervillei"],["25051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya striata malabarica","(Jerdon, 1845)","Illustrations of Indian ornithology, containing fifty figures of new, unfigured and interesting species of birds, chiefly from the south of India pl.19 (text)",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Goa to Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F548390",null,null,"Forests of Malabar [= Travancore-Cochin (Kerala), fide Whistler, 1935, in Ali and Whistler, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 38, p. 72] .",null,null,"Malacocircus malabaricus"],["25052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya striata orientalis","(Jerdon, 1845)","Illustrations of Indian ornithology, containing fifty figures of new, unfigured and interesting species of birds, chiefly from the south of India pl.19 (text)",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4E34D8C",null,null,"Eastern Ghats of India ; restricted to Horsleykonda, west of Nellore, Andhra, by Ripley, 1958, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 35, p. 9.",null,null,"M[alacocircus] orientalis"],["25053","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya rubiginosa","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.47 pl.19","Rufous Chatterer","Rufous Chatterer","Rufous Chatterer",null,null,"lowland to montane thornscrub, riparian and coastal thickets, and bushy dry grassland, from southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and northwestern Somalia, southward to northern and eastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716383","rufcha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufcha2","avibase-861DA135",null,null,"Shoa, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/61/mode/1up","Crateropus rubiginosus"],["25054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya rubiginosa sharpii","Ogilvie-Grant & Reid, 1901","Ibis ser.8, vol.1, no.4 p.662",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia (Dolo, Unsi) and adjacent Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DD26A71",null,null,"Shibeli River [ca. lat. 7° 12' N., long. 42°11'E.], southeastern Ethiopia.","On the Birds collected during an Expedition through Somaliland and Southern Abyssinia to Lake Zwai. With Field-notes by the Collector, Mr. Alfred E. Pease.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35405#page/726/mode/1up","Argya sharpii"],["25055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya rubiginosa rubiginosa","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.47 pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, northeastern Somalia, northern Uganda, and Kenya (except southeastern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BC27BF7",null,null,"Shoa, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/61/mode/1up","Crateropus rubiginosus"],["25056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya rubiginosa heuglini","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia, southeastern Kenya, and northeastern and eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-922D4480",null,null,"'Zanzibar,' error, and Mombasa, Kenya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/411/mode/1up","Argya heuglini"],["25057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya rubiginosa emini","Reichenow, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D356C5D",null,null,"Scamuye, Unyamwezi region, northwestern Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/48/mode/1up","Argya rubiginosa emini"],["25058","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya aylmeri","Shelley, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.404 pl.11 fig.1","Scaly Chatterer","Scaly Chatterer","Scaly Chatterer",null,null,"lowland to montane arid thorn-scrub, and riverine thickets, from Somalia and central and southeastern Ethiopia southward to east-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716379","scacha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scacha1","avibase-987C8F6E",null,null,"British Somaliland.","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/452/mode/1up","Argya aylmeri"],["25059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya aylmeri aylmeri","Shelley, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.404 pl.11 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C06FD9EC",null,null,"British Somaliland.","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/452/mode/1up","Argya aylmeri"],["25060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya aylmeri boranensis","Benson, 1947","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E4D549F",null,null,"ten miles south of Yavello [lat. 4° 5r N., long. 38° 12' E.], Ethiopia.","New Races of Larks from Abyssinia and Kenya Colony and a new Race of Scaley Chatterer from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/38/mode/1up","Argya aylmeri boranensis"],["25061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya aylmeri keniana","Jackson, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8C1A298",null,null,"Emberre, east of Embu [lat. 0° 31' S., long. 37° 26' E.], Kenya.","Descriptions of six new species of birds from East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/35/mode/1up","Argya keniana"],["25062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya aylmeri mentalis","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.75-76",null,null,null,null,null,"interior northeastern Tanzania and adjacent southern Kenya border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F6F9B25",null,null,"Soboro, Tanganyika.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/87/mode/1up","Argya mentalis"],["25063","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya altirostris","(Hartert, 1909)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.623 fig.122b","Iraq Babbler","Iraq Babbler","Iraq Babbler",null,null,"southern Türkiye, Syria, Iraq, and southwestern Iran (reedbeds of Tigris-Euphrates Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716341","irabab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/irabab1","avibase-FE13475E",null,null,"Fao, southeastern Iraq at the mouth of the Shatt al Arab.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/709/mode/1up","Crateropus caudatus altirostris"],["25064","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya caudata","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.268","Common Babbler","Common Babbler",null,"2025-0565","Taxon <em>huttoni </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Argya caudata</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage and tail length (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012). Although vocal differences have also been reported (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012) formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking, and genetic data is uninformative (Cibois et al. 2018b; Cai et al. 2019).","lowland to foothill semi-desert, open mixed forest, dry plain, and thornscrub, from eastern Pakistan eastward to eastern and Peninsular India",null,null,null,"combab3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combab3","avibase-310AEDC8",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/274/mode/1up","Cossyphus caudatus"],["25065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya caudata caudata","(Dumont, 1823)","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 29 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pakistan, India (except the Himalayas and northeastern India), and southwestern Nepal; also Rameswaram Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA248D7A",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81561#page/274/mode/1up","Cossyphus caudatus"],["25066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya caudata eclipes","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.3 & 4 p.337-338",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan (Fort Sandeman to Kashmir border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25F42E90",null,null,"Peshawar, northern West Pakistan.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/355/mode/1up","Chatorhea eclipes"],["25067","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya huttoni","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.476","Afghan Babbler","Afghan Babbler",null,"2025-0565","Taxon <em>huttoni </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Argya caudata</em> (polytypic) based on differences in plumage and tail length (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012). Although vocal differences have also been reported (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2012) formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking, and genetic data is uninformative (Cibois et al. 2018b; Cai et al. 2019).","lowland to foothill semi-desert, stony plain, thornscrub, and dry cultivation, from eastern Iraq and Kuwait eastward to southwestern Afghanistan and western Pakistan",null,null,null,"combab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/combab1","avibase-18B418AB",null,null,"Kandahar, southeastern Afghanistan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/532/mode/1up","Malacocercus Huttoni"],["25068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya huttoni salvadorii","(de Filippi, 1865)","Note di un viaggio in Persia nel 1862 1 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iraq to southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E694AC7",null,null,"Shiraz, Fars, Iran ; the type is labelled 'Armadi, Karman,' fide Blanford, 1876, Eastern Persia, etc., 2, p. 204, footnote.",null,null,"Crateropus Salvadorii"],["25069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya huttoni huttoni","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and southwestern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38C046F1",null,null,"Kandahar, southeastern Afghanistan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/532/mode/1up","Malacocercus Huttoni"],["25070","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya gularis","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.5 p.478","White-throated Babbler","White-throated Babbler","White-throated Babbler",null,null,"dry grassy plains of central and southern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716355","whtbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtbab1","avibase-9302DF03",null,null,"Pegu Division, Lower Burma.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for July, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/526/mode/1up","Chatarrhaea gularis"],["25071","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya earlei","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.369","Striated Babbler","Striated Babbler","Striated Babbler",null,null,"lowland reedy marsh, tall grassland, and scrub, from Indus River plain (Pakistan) eastward across northern lowland India, and adjacent southern Nepal, to central Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716352","strbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strbab1","avibase-308AADDB",null,null,"near Calcutta, West Bengal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/559/mode/1up","M[alacocercus] Earlei"],["25072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya earlei sonivia","Koelz, 1954","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan (Rann of Kutch and Indus River Valley) to northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5222AB27",null,null,"Khinjar Lake, Sind.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Argya earlei sonivia"],["25073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya earlei earlei","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland of northeastern India to Assam and Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BDD4405",null,null,"near Calcutta, West Bengal.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/559/mode/1up","M[alacocercus] Earlei"],["25074","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya squamiceps","(Cretzschmar, 1827)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.19 pl.12","Arabian Babbler","Arabian Babbler","Arabian Babbler",null,null,"thickets and bushy areas, palm stands, saltmarshes, and yards near semi-desert and desert from central Israel, Palestine, and western Jordan southward to the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) and southward across the Arabian Peninsula to Yemen, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716364","arabab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arabab1","avibase-E99FE2FE",null,null,"Aqaba, Transjordania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/203/mode/1up","Malurus squamiceps"],["25075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya squamiceps squamiceps","(Cretzschmar, 1827)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.19 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Arabian Peninsula (Dead Sea depression to southwestern Saudi Arabia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0764CA16",null,null,"Aqaba, Transjordania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/203/mode/1up","Malurus squamiceps"],["25076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya squamiceps yemensis","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.29-30",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Saudi Arabia and Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9924239",null,null,"between Sheikh Othman and Lahej, Aden Protectorate.","Drei neue Formen aus Süd-Arabien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/45/mode/1up","Argya squamiceps yemensis"],["25077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya squamiceps muscatensis","(Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1953)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 105 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Arabian coast of Gulf of Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E61F83A6",null,null,"As Sib, near Muscat, Oman.","Birds of Oman and Muscat.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064470","Turdoides squamiceps muscatensis"],["25078","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya fulva","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.498 pl.11","Fulvous Babbler","Fulvous Babbler","Fulvous Babbler",null,null,"lowland desert scrub, dry grassland, and oases in northern Africa, from Morrocco eastward to western Libya, and southward to northern Senegal and central Sudan, and along the western coast of the Red Sea from southeastern Egypt southward to Eritrea and northern Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716368","fulcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fulcha1","avibase-3EFD8DF0",null,null,"Gafsa, Tunisia.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Turdus fulvus"],["25079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya fulva maroccana","(Lynes, 1925)","Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc 13, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Morocco, adjacent Algeria, and southwestern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3774A49F",null,null,"Taroudant, southwestern Morocco.","Ornithology of the Sous territory of southern Marocco.",null,"Turdoides (Crateropus) fulvus maroccanus"],["25080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya fulva fulva","(Desfontaines, 1789)","Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique (1787) p.498 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Algeria to Tunisia and northwestern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2B7926C",null,null,"Gafsa, Tunisia.","Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie.",null,"Turdus fulvus"],["25081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya fulva buchanani","(Hartert, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.115-116",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mauritania and northern Senegal eastward to southern Algeria and western Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39C56846",null,null,"Mount Baguezan, Air Mountains, Niger Territory.","Captain Angus Buchanan's Aïr Expedition. IV. The birds collected by Capt. Angus Buchanan during his journey from Kano to Aïr or Asben.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/131/mode/1up","Crateropus fulvus buchanani"],["25082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Argya fulva acaciae","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Chad, northern and central Sudan, northern Eritrea, and northern Ethiopia; also far southeastern Egypt (Gebel Elba area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D93629DD",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/60/mode/1up","S[phenura] Acaciae"],["25083","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides","Cretzschmar, 1826","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.6 pl.4",null,null,null,"2025-0569","<em>Kupeornis </em>(polyspecific) is synonymised with <em>Turdoides </em>as this treatment results in sister clades of similar age (i.e., <em>Turdoides</em> and <em>Argya</em>) (Moyle et al. 2012; Cibois et al. 2018b; Cai et al. 2019).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdoides leucocephala [Cretzschmar, 1826]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Turdoides"],["25084","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.182","Spiny Babbler","Spiny Babbler","Spiny Babbler","2025-0567","Taxon <em>nipalensis </em>is placed in the genus <em>Turdoides </em>(<em>Turdoides nipalensis</em>), as suggested by Moyle et al. (2012), Cibois et al. (2018b), and Cai et al. (2019), based on multilocus genetic data.","Himalayas of western and central Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716338","spibab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spibab1","avibase-9295CC66",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/232/mode/1up","Pomatorhinus (Timalia) nipalensis"],["25085","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides atripennis","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.278","Capuchin Babbler","Capuchin Babbler",null,"2025-0568","The monotypic taxa <em>rubiginosus, bohndorffi</em>, and <em>atripennis</em>, are treated as conspecific and placed in the genus <em>Turdoides</em>. Although separable based on differences in size and plumage, additional information is needed to support a split.","lowland and foothill dense rainforest understory, including rainforest, and thickets in secondary forest, from Senegambia eastward to Central African Republic, and southward to northern Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,null,null,"capbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capbab1","avibase-7827B822",null,null,"West Africa ; restricted to Senegal, apud Sclater.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/340/mode/1up","Crateropus atripennis"],["25086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides atripennis atripennis","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.278",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia to Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0179C599",null,null,"West Africa ; restricted to Senegal, apud Sclater.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/340/mode/1up","Crateropus atripennis"],["25087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides atripennis rubiginosus","(Blyth, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Ivory Coast to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60C54BA1",null,null,"no locality; West Africa designated by Blyth, 1870, Ibis, p. 171; here restricted to Accra, Ghana.","A few Identifications and Rectifications of Synonymy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/66/mode/1up","Garrulax rubiginosus"],["25088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides atripennis bohndorffi","(Sharpe, 1884)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 17 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B79B29C4",null,null,"Sassa [lat. 5° 05' N., long. 25° 30' E.], Belgian Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98664#page/438/mode/1up","Crateropus Bohndorffi"],["25089","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides gilberti","(Serle, 1949)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.50","White-throated Mountain Babbler","White-throated Mountain-Babbler","White-throated Mountain-babbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane primary forest and secondary growth, especially with thick epiphytic moss, in highlands of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716655","wtmbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtmbab1","avibase-AD7B6E81",null,null,"Kupe Mountain [lat. 4° 50' N., long. 9° 40' E.], British Cameroons.","A new Genus and Species of Babbler and New Races of a Wood-Hoopoe, Swift, Barbet, Robin-Chat, Scrub-Warblers and Apalis from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/76/mode/1up","Kupeornis gilberti"],["25090","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides rufocinctus","(Rothschild, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.6","Red-collared Babbler","Red-collared Mountain-Babbler","Red-collared Mountain-babbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane primary forest with mossy epiphytes, and dense bamboo thickets, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and northern Burundi",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716664","rcmbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcmbab1","avibase-27E0131C",null,null,"Rugege Forest, southwestern Ruanda.","Exhibition and description of a new species of the genus Lioptilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/378/mode/1up","Lioptilus rufocinctus"],["25091","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides chapini","(Schouteden, 1949)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 42 p.344","Chapin's Babbler","Chapin's Mountain-Babbler","Chapin's Mountain-babbler",null,null,"foothill and montane transitional broadleaf forest in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716673","chmbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chmbab1","avibase-722187E9",null,null,"Mongbwalu [lat. 1° 5r N., long. 30° 02' E.], Belgian Congo.","Un Timaliidae nouveau du Congo belge.",null,"Kupeornis chapini"],["25092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides chapini chapini","(Schouteden, 1949)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 42 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lake Albert to Lake Edward)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4084A4F8",null,null,"Mongbwalu [lat. 1° 5r N., long. 30° 02' E.], Belgian Congo.","Un Timaliidae nouveau du Congo belge.",null,"Kupeornis chapini"],["25093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides chapini nyombensis","(Prigogine, 1960)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 61 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mount Nyombe, Kivu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEA630DC",null,null,"Butokolo [lat. 2° 42' S., long. 28° 16' E.], Belgian Congo.","Une nouvelle forme de Lioptilus chapini (Schouteden) de l'est du Congo belge.",null,"Lioptilus chapini nyombensis"],["25094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides chapini kalindei","(Prigogine, 1964)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 70 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (southwestern Itombwe highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-801A8B09",null,null,"Kiliza alt: 1420 m [Congo (Léopoldville), 3°21'0\" S and 27°58'60]","Un nouvel oiseau de la république du Congo.",null,"Lioptilus chapini kalindei"],["25095","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides leucocephala","Cretzschmar, 1826","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.6 pl.4","White-headed Babbler","White-headed Babbler","White-headed Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill dense riverine scrub, and dry acacia woodland, in southeastern Sudan, Eritrea, and northwestern Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716491","crebab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebab1","avibase-10993285",null,null,"Sennar [= Blue Nile Province, Sudan].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/172/mode/1up","Turdoides leucocephala"],["25096","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides plebejus","(Cretzschmar, 1828)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.35 pl.23","Brown Babbler","Brown Babbler","Brown Babbler",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded grassland, brushy savanna, and riparian thickets, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to western Ethiopia, and southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716487","brobab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brobab1","avibase-6EBDD2D5",null,null,"Kordofan Province, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/241/mode/1up","Ixos plebejus"],["25097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides plebejus platycirca","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to western Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1ECB03F",null,null,"West Africa; type commonly assumed to have come from Gambia.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/336/mode/1up","Crateropus platycircus"],["25098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides plebejus plebejus","(Cretzschmar, 1828)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.35 pl.23",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria to Cameroon, southern Chad, and central Sudan (Kordofan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE56BA47",null,null,"Kordofan Province, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/241/mode/1up","Ixos plebejus"],["25099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides plebejus cinerea","(Heuglin, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 19, heft 2 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Ethiopia, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA03336C",null,null,"banks of the White Nile south of lat. 6° N.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112118#page/386/mode/1up","Crateropus cinereus"],["25100","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides hindei","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.29","Hinde's Babbler","Hinde's Pied Babbler","Hinde's Babbler",null,null,"patchy in foothill riparian thicket and Lantana scrub in river valleys, and brushy riverine gulleys in drier open woodland, in south-central Kenya",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716480","hipbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hipbab1","avibase-224B2B08",null,null,"Athi River, Kenya.","[Description of several new species of birds from Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/187/mode/1up","Crateropus hindei"],["25101","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides squamulata","(Shelley, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2 p.45","Scaly Babbler","Scaly Babbler","Scaly Babbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland riparian thickets, and dense coastal bush, from southern Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward to southeastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716434","scabab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scabab2","avibase-0E9C6F45",null,null,"Mombasa [lat. 4°04'S., long. 39°4rE.], Kenya.","On two new Species of Birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/79/mode/1up","Crateropus squamulatus"],["25102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides squamulata jubaensis","Van Someren, 1931","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 9 (37) (1930) p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"Jubba River, southern Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia. An undescribed population, apparently intermediate between carolinae and jubaensis, occurs in the Lake Bor watercourse and along the Daua River (Ethiopia/Kenya border). Yet another undescribed, poorly known population occurs on the Webi Gestro River, Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34C4E545",null,null,"Serenli [lat. 2° 30' N., long. 42° 0r E.], Italian Somaliland.","New races of Birds from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204477#page/316/mode/1up","Turdoides squamulata jubaensis"],["25103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides squamulata carolinae","Ash, 1981","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101, no.4 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"Webi Shebelle River, southern Somalia, and southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3ECB103",null,null,"7 km northeast of Afgoi (at 02° 11’N, 45° 10’E), southern Somalia, 11 December 1978, by J. S. Ash","A new race of the Scaly Babbler Turdoides squamulatus from Somalia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/181/mode/1up","Turdoides squamulatus carolinae"],["25104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides squamulata squamulata","(Shelley, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya coast and Tana River and far southern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4B64B68",null,null,"Mombasa [lat. 4°04'S., long. 39°4rE.], Kenya.","On two new Species of Birds from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/79/mode/1up","Crateropus squamulatus"],["25105","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides leucopygia","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.82 pl.30 fig.1","White-rumped Babbler","White-rumped Babbler","White-rumped Babbler",null,null,"foothill and montane scrub in juniper woodland, open stony hills, and farmbush, from coastal Eritrea and northern Ethiopia southward to southern South Sudan, and eastward to northwestern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716443","whrbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrbab2","avibase-735E491F",null,null,"central forest region along the coast of Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/162/mode/1up","Ixos leucopygius"],["25106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides leucopygia leucopygia","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.82 pl.30 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Eritrea to Simien highlands of northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77619BA2",null,null,"central forest region along the coast of Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/162/mode/1up","Ixos leucopygius"],["25107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides leucopygia limbata","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Sudan, western Eritrea, and northwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B699BB46",null,null,"Ali Amba, Shoa, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/62/mode/1up","Crateropus limbatus"],["25108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides leucopygia smithii","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Somalia to eastern and southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21B91523",null,null,"'Somaliland' ; type from Sheik Hussein, Arusi, Ethiopia, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 354.","[Three more new species represented in Dr. Donaldson Smith's collection from Somaliland].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/267/mode/1up","Crateropus smithii"],["25109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides leucopygia lacuum","(Neumann, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ethiopian Rift Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83C97D21",null,null,"Alelu, north of Lake Abassi [lat. 7° 04' N., long. 38° 2r E.], Ethiopia.","On new species of birds from N.E. Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/495/mode/1up","Crateropus smithi lacuum"],["25110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides leucopygia omoensis","(Neumann, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and western and southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E367772B",null,null,"Senti River (southern affluent to the Omo), between Uba and Gofa, southwestern Ethiopia.","On new species of birds from N.E. Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/495/mode/1up","Crateropus smithi omoensis"],["25111","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides gymnogenys","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.86","Bare-cheeked Babbler","Bare-cheeked Babbler","Bare-cheeked Babbler",null,null,"arid bush of southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716505","bacbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacbab1","avibase-7AB9D354",null,null,"Benguella Province, Angola.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by Mr. J. J. Monteiro in the Province of Benguela, Angola, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/118/mode/1up","Crateropus gymnogenys"],["25112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides gymnogenys gymnogenys","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FBD6220",null,null,"Benguella Province, Angola.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by Mr. J. J. Monteiro in the Province of Benguela, Angola, West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/118/mode/1up","Crateropus gymnogenys"],["25113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides gymnogenys kaokensis","(Roberts, 1937)","Ostrich 8, no.2 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C420FEB1",null,null,"Huab River, Kaokoveld, South West Africa.","Some results of the Barlow Transvaal Museum expedition to South-West Africa.",null,"Aethocichla gymnogenys kaokensis"],["25114","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides jardineii","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.45","Arrow-marked Babbler","Arrow-marked Babbler","Arrow-marked Babbler",null,null,"lowland to montane thickets in lightly-wooded savanna, riverine scrub, and brushy termitaria, from southern Gabon and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Uganda and southwestern Kenya, and southward to northeastern Namibia, northern and eastern Botswana, northeastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716501","armbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/armbab1","avibase-E6576A8D",null,null,"banks of rivers beyond Kurrichane, northwestern Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/125/mode/1up","Cratopus Jardineii"],["25115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides jardineii hyposticta","(Cabanis & Reichenow, 1877)","Journal für Ornithologie 25, no.137 p.25, 103",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola to western and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21CA9424",null,null,"Loango Coast.","Die ornithologischen Sammlungen der deutschen Expedition nach der Loango-Küste. (Mit einer Einleitung von Dr. Falkenstein.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102780#page/37/mode/1up","Crateropus hypostictus"],["25116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides jardineii tanganjicae","(Reichenow, 1886)","Journal für Ornithologie 34, no.173 p.115, pl. III, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to northern Zambia and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E2CC977",null,null,"Mpala [lat. 6° 45' S., long. 29°31'E.], Belgian Congo.","Neue Vogelarten aus Inner-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101744#page/127/mode/1up","Crateropus Tanganjicae"],["25117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides jardineii emini","(Neumann, 1904)","Journal für Ornithologie 52, no.4 p.549",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya, northwestern Tanzania, southern Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D86CA5F",null,null,"Wala River, Tabora District, Tanganyika.","Über Crateropus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101586#page/561/mode/1up","Crateropus plebeius emini"],["25118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides jardineii kirkii","(Sharpe, 1876)","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to eastern Tanzania, Malawi, eastern Zambia, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C917F819",null,null,"near rivers in the Zambesi country; type from Mazaro, on the Zambesi, ca. 75 miles above mouth of the Shire.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/261/mode/1up","Crateropus kirkii"],["25119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides jardineii tamalakanei","Meyer de Schauensee, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Botswana, southwestern Zambia, and southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F06321B4",null,null,"Maun [lat. 19° 55' S., long. 23° 30' E.], Bechuanaland.","A new race of Turdoides jardinei from Bechuanaland.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064116","Turdoides jardinei tamalakanei"],["25120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides jardineii jardineii","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern southern Africa, southern Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and central and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC82B68C",null,null,"banks of rivers beyond Kurrichane, northwestern Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/125/mode/1up","Cratopus Jardineii"],["25121","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides tenebrosa","(Hartlaub, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.164 p.425","Dusky Babbler","Dusky Babbler","Dusky Babbler",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill understory of hilly woodland, and dense riparian scrub, South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia, and southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716419","dusbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusbab2","avibase-775C66B9",null,null,"Kudurma [lat. 4° 45' N., long. 29°35'E.], Sudan.","Diagnosen einiger neuer Vögel aus dem östlich-äquatorialen Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/437/mode/1up","Crateropus tenebrosus"],["25122","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides reinwardtii","(Swainson, 1831)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.2, no.17 pl.80,text","Blackcap Babbler","Blackcap Babbler","Blackcap Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill riparian scrub, wooded savanna, and swampy thickets, from Senegambia eastward to southern Chad, Central African Republic, and adjacent northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716412","blabab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabab2","avibase-D5BF7D2F",null,null,"'Indian Islands,' error; type locality corrected to Senegal, by Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa, 1, p. 276.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92610#page/219/mode/1up","Crateropus Reinwardii"],["25123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides reinwardtii reinwardtii","(Swainson, 1831)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.2, no.17 pl.80,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Sierra Leone and Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A32E4E47",null,null,"'Indian Islands,' error; type locality corrected to Senegal, by Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa, 1, p. 276.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92610#page/219/mode/1up","Crateropus Reinwardii"],["25124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides reinwardtii stictilaema","(Alexander, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana to Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-999EACA2",null,null,"Ghana.","On new or rare species from the Gold Coast Hinterland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/266/mode/1up","Crateropus stictilaema"],["25125","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides bicolor","(Jardine, 1831)","The Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science n.s. 1 no.2 p.97 pl.3","Southern Pied Babbler","Southern Pied Babbler","Southern Pied Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid savanna, acacia thornscrub in sparse grassland, dry woodland, and riparian scrub, from northern Namibia and far southern Angola eastward to western and southern Zimbabwe, and southward through Botswana to northern and northeastern South Africa, and possibly southwestern Mozambique; some nomadic wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716456","sopbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sopbab1","avibase-1481EF1F",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20060#page/113/mode/1up","Cratopus bicolor"],["25126","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides hartlaubii","(Bocage, 1868)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.5 p.48","Hartlaub's Babbler","Hartlaub's Babbler","Hartlaub's Babbler",null,null,"lowland to montane dense scrub, acacia woodland, and marsh, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda southward to Zambia and southwestern Tanzania, and from central Angola and northern Namibia eastward to northern Botswana and far western Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716450","harbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harbab1","avibase-CD65BECB",null,null,"Biballa, Mossamedes [=Moçâmedes, Angola]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/56/mode/1up","Crateropus Hartlaubii"],["25127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides hartlaubii hartlaubii","(Bocage, 1868)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.5 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda to Zambia, northern Botswana, and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A244147",null,null,"Biballa, Mossamedes [=Moçâmedes, Angola]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/56/mode/1up","Crateropus Hartlaubii"],["25128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides hartlaubii griseosquamata","Clancey, 1974","Durban Museum Novitates 10 (11) p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Botswana to immediately adjacent Zimbabwe and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F18E205",null,null,"Botletle R., Northern Botswana at 20 30'S, 24 30'E, alt. 912 m","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 40. The hartlaubii subspecies-group of Turdoides leucopygius (Rüppell), with the characters of a new race from Botswana.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2056","Turdoides leucopygius griseosquamatus"],["25129","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides sharpei","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.196 p.432","Black-lored Babbler","Black-lored Babbler","Black-lored Babbler",null,null,"foothill and montane wooded savanna, thickets and scrub, and elephant grass, in highlands around Lake Victoria, in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, southern Uganda, southwestern Kenya, and northern and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716462","bklbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bklbab1","avibase-7350FE4C",null,null,"Kakoma [lat. 5° 50' S., long. 32°29'E.], Tanganyika.","[Neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/444/mode/1up","Crateropus sharpei"],["25130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides sharpei vepres","Meinertzhagen, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya (Nanyuki area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE76A224",null,null,"Nanyuki [lat. 0° 02' N., long. 37°06'E.], Kenya.","Descriptions of six new races from Mount Kenya, Kenya Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/109/mode/1up","Turdoides melanops vepres"],["25131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides sharpei sharpei","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.196 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania, southward to southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42C9B9B1",null,null,"Kakoma [lat. 5° 50' S., long. 32°29'E.], Tanganyika.","[Neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/444/mode/1up","Crateropus sharpei"],["25132","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides melanops","(Hartlaub, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.3 p.435 pl.37","Black-faced Babbler","Black-faced Babbler","Black-faced Babbler",null,null,"lowland to foothill riverine thickets, acacia savanna, and camelthorn woodland, from southwestern Angola and northern Namibia eastward to northwestern Botswana and northeastern Namibia (Caprivi Strip)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716428","bkfbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfbab1","avibase-3D55152D",null,null,"Damaraland.","On a New Species of the Genus Crateropus, Sw..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/531/mode/1up","Crateropus melanops"],["25133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides melanops melanops","(Hartlaub, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.3 p.435 pl.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2545AA53",null,null,"Damaraland.","On a New Species of the Genus Crateropus, Sw..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/531/mode/1up","Crateropus melanops"],["25134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides melanops querula","Clancey, 1979","Durban Museum Novitates 12, no.5 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Botswana, northeastern Namibia (Caprivi Strip), and adjacent southeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87E0F842",null,null,"Okavango R., north-eastern South West Africa (Namibia). 2 December, 1978. Collected by M. O. E. Baddeley.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 55. A second southern race of Turdoides melanops (Hartlaub) of the Afrotropical region.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2269","Turdoides melanops querulus"],["25135","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides hypoleuca","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205","Northern Pied Babbler","Northern Pied Babbler","Northern Pied Babbler",null,null,"foothill brushland, thickets and scrub, and gardens, from central and southern Kenya southward to northern and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716469","norpib1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norpib1","avibase-B0F2FB67",null,null,"Kitui [lat. 1° 22' S., long. 38°0rE.], Kenya.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Crateropus hypoleucus"],["25136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides hypoleuca hypoleuca","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Kenya and northern Tanzania (Mount Kilimanjaro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-010C4D82",null,null,"Kitui [lat. 1° 22' S., long. 38°0rE.], Kenya.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Crateropus hypoleucus"],["25137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Turdoides hypoleuca rufuensis","(Neumann, 1906)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B56E7F99",null,null,"Useguha region, northeastern Tanganyika.","Weiteres über Crateropus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/162/mode/1up","Crateropus hypoleucus rufuensis"],["25138","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux add. p.647",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Garrulax belangeri [Lesson, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 44).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/685/mode/1up","Garrulax"],["25139","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax annamensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.577, pl. XIII, fig. 1","Orange-breasted Laughingthrush","Orange-breasted Laughingthrush","Orange-breasted Laughingthrush",null,null,"Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734468","orblau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orblau1","avibase-946F5D45",null,null,"Dran [lat. 11° 49' N., long. 108° 38'E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/679/mode/1up","Stactocichla merulina annamensis"],["25140","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax merulinus","Blyth, 1851","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.6 p.521","Spot-breasted Laughingthrush","Spot-breasted Laughingthrush","Spot-breasted Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to submontane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, bamboo, and dense secondary growth, from northeastern India eastward to southern China and northern Vietnam, and southward to western Myanmar and northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735112","spblau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spblau1","avibase-9D4891EC",null,null,"Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, Assam.","Notice of a collection of Mammalia, Birds, and Reptiles, procured at or near the station of Chérra Punji in the Khásia hills, north of Sylhet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/583/mode/1up","Garrulax merulinus"],["25141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax merulinus merulinus","Blyth, 1851","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.6 p.521",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India, northern and western Myanmar, and western Yunnan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CBB4174",null,null,"Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, Assam.","Notice of a collection of Mammalia, Birds, and Reptiles, procured at or near the station of Chérra Punji in the Khásia hills, north of Sylhet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/583/mode/1up","Garrulax merulinus"],["25142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax merulinus laoensis","Meyer de Schauensee, 1938","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 90 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E8D3269",null,null,"Doi Pha Hom Pok [lat. 20° 05' N., long. 99° 10' E.], Thailand.","New or hitherto unrecorded Birds from Siam.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064236","Garrulax (Stactocichla) merulinus laoensis"],["25143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax merulinus obscurus","Delacour & Jabouille, 1930","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C608D652",null,null,"Chapa [lat. 22° 20' N., long. 103° 50' E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Garrulax merulinus obscurus"],["25144","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax taewanus","Swinhoe, 1859","Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1 no.2 p.228","Taiwan Hwamei","Taiwan Hwamei","Taiwan Hwamei",null,null,"Taiwan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734473","taihwa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taihwa1","avibase-4E8B4445",null,null,"Formosa.",null,null,"Garrulax Taewanus"],["25145","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax canorus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169","Chinese Hwamei","Chinese Hwamei","Chinese Hwamei",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, bamboo thickets, scrub, reeds, and gardens, from southeastern China (including Hainan), southward to central Vietnam and adjacent Laos; introduced in Japan (central Honshu and Kyushu), Taiwan, and Hawaii (all main islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735076","melthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melthr","avibase-71D4A209",null,null,"Bengal and China ; type locality restricted to Amoy, Fukien, by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 512.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","[Turdus] Canorus"],["25146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax canorus canorus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southeastern China to northern Laos and central Vietnam; introduced to Japan, Taiwan (where interbreeds with Taiwan Hwamei) and Hawaiian Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A210FAB",null,null,"Bengal and China ; type locality restricted to Amoy, Fukien, by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 512.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","[Turdus] Canorus"],["25147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax canorus owstoni","(Rothschild, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3A3429B",null,null,"Mount Wuchi, Hainan.","On new species of birds from Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/488/mode/1up","Trochalopteron canorum owstoni"],["25148","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax rufifrons","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux add. p.648","Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush","Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush","Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane western and central Java",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715592","ruflau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruflau1","avibase-5B9161ED",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Mount Salak [lat. 6°42'S., long. 106°44' E.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/686/mode/1up","Garrulax rufifrons"],["25149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax rufifrons rufifrons","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux add. p.648",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D89F25F8",null,null,"Java; here restricted to Mount Salak [lat. 6°42'S., long. 106°44' E.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/686/mode/1up","Garrulax rufifrons"],["25150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax rufifrons slamatensis","Siebers, 1929","Treubia 11, no.1 p.150-151",null,null,null,null,null,"central Java (Mount Slamet area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B13FCB26",null,null,"Kaligua, Mount Selamat [lat. 7° 13' S., long. 109° 05' E.], Java.","Neue Vogelrassen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v11i1.1840","Garrulax rufifrons slamatensis"],["25151","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.147","Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush","Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush","Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest, secondary growth, and scrub, from Nepal eastward through Himalayan foothills to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to southeastern Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715608","lenlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lenlau1","avibase-3651A4D5",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/197/mode/1up","Cinc[losoma] Monilegera"],["25152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger monileger","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Nepal eastward to Bhutan, northeastern Indian states (except eastern Arunachal Pradesh and adjacent northeastern Assam), eastern Bangladesh, western and central Myanmar, and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAFDED2B",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/197/mode/1up","Cinc[losoma] Monilegera"],["25153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger badius","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (eastern and southeastern Arunachal Pradesh and Patkai Range, in eastern Assam) and far northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD31CDDE",null,null,"Tezu, Mishmi Hills, Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/290/mode/1up","Garrulax moniliger badius"],["25154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger stuarti","Meyer de Schauensee, 1955","The Auk 72, no.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (including far northern Tenasserim) and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-476E36B9",null,null,"Chiang Mai, Thailand","A New Name for Garrulax Moniliger Bakeri","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol72/iss1/23/","Garrulax moniliger stuarti"],["25155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger fuscatus","Stuart Baker, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and central Tenasserim (southern Myanmar) and adjacent western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAA9AFAE",null,null,"Tavoy District, Tenasserim.","Notes on Garrulax moniliger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/90/mode/1up","Garrulax moniliger fuscata"],["25156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger mouhoti","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand, Cambodia, far southern Laos, and Vietnam (northern Annam southward to southern Annam and northern Cochinchina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F944768",null,null,"Cambodia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/464/mode/1up","Garrulax mouhoti"],["25157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger pasquieri","Delacour & Jabouille, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Laos and adjacent Vietnam (central Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7599280",null,null,"Khesanh,","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/60/mode/1up","Garrulax moniliger pasquieri"],["25158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger schauenseei","Delacour & Greenway, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Laos, and southern China (southern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5E978F7",null,null,"Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.","Seven new Races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/162/mode/1up","Garrulax moniliger schauenseei"],["25159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger tonkinensis","Delacour, 1927","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (Tonkin and northern Annam) and southeastern China (southeastern Yunnan and Guangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD9ABF60",null,null,"Bac Kan [lat. 22° 08' N., long. 105° 50' E., Tongking.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/198/mode/1up","Garrulax moniliger tonkinensis"],["25160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger melli","Stresemann, 1923","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (southern Hunan, southern Jiangxi, southern Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8C006DB",null,null,"Man-tsi-shan, Kwangtung.","Neue Formen aus Süd-China.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012813","Garrulax moniliger melli"],["25161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax monileger schmackeri","Hartlaub, 1898","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7 p.349, pl. 4",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7427924C",null,null,"Hainan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22953#page/357/mode/1up","Garrulax Schmackeri"],["25162","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax palliatus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.371","Sunda Laughingthrush","Sunda Laughingthrush","Sunda Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane Sumatra and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715589","sunlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunlau1","avibase-0C83FC88",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/579/mode/1up","[Janthocincla] palliata"],["25163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax palliatus palliatus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A8A2DA5",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/579/mode/1up","[Janthocincla] palliata"],["25164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax palliatus schistochlamys","Sharpe, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D94A8D9B",null,null,"Kina Balu, North Borneo.","Diagnoses of some new Species of Birds obtained on the Mountain of Kina Balu by Mr. John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/507/mode/1up","Garrulax schistochlamys"],["25165","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax bicolor","Hartlaub, 1844","Systematisches Verzeichniss der naturhistorischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum. Erste Abtheilung. Voegel Abth. 1 p.44, footnote","Sumatran Laughingthrush","Sumatran Laughingthrush","Sumatran Laughingthrush",null,null,"mountains of western Sumatra",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734448","sumlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumlau1","avibase-CFEA4730",null,null,"western Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49904#page/52/mode/1up","G[arrulax] bicolor"],["25166","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax leucolophus","(Hardwicke, 1816)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 11, pt.2 p.208 pl.15","White-crested Laughingthrush","White-crested Laughingthrush","White-crested Laughingthrush",null,null,"lowland to submontane broadleaf evergreen and mixed deciduous forest, secondary growth, bamboo thickets, and scrub, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to southern China and northern Vietnam, and southward to Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734757","whclau2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whclau2","avibase-6583F1BC",null,null,"mountains above Hardwar, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh.","XV. Description of the Corvus leucolophus, or white crowned Crow of India, in a Letter to Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. F.R.S. and A.S. V.P.L.S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13721#page/231/mode/1up","Corvus leucolophus"],["25167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax leucolophus leucolophus","(Hardwicke, 1816)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 11, pt.2 p.208 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Himachal Pradesh and Nepal eastward to northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh except southeastern) and adjacent southern China (southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-170A55A4",null,null,"mountains above Hardwar, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh.","XV. Description of the Corvus leucolophus, or white crowned Crow of India, in a Letter to Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. F.R.S. and A.S. V.P.L.S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13721#page/231/mode/1up","Corvus leucolophus"],["25168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax leucolophus patkaicus","Reichenow, 1913","Journal für Ornithologie 61, no.3 p.557",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arunachal Pradesh and northeastern Indian hill states (south of Brahmaputra River), eastern Bangladesh, Myanmar (except south-central, eastern, and southeastern), and southern China (western and southwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05CA5F13",null,null,"Patkai Range, northwestern Burma.","[Cisticola schusteri, Garrulax patkaicus n. spp.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43303#page/575/mode/1up","G[arrulax] patkaicus"],["25169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax leucolophus belangeri","Lesson, 1831","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.258, pl. Atlas, Oiseaux",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southern Myanmar (including Tenasserim) and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B487960E",null,null,"Pegu Division, Lower Burma.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA258","Garrulax Belangeri"],["25170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax leucolophus diardi","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar, northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern Thailand, Indochina, and southern China (southern and southeastern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E933831B",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/446/mode/1up","Turdus Diardi"],["25171","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax ferrarius","Riley, 1930","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 43, no.31 p.190","Cambodian Laughingthrush","Cambodian Laughingthrush","Cambodian Laughingthrush",null,null,"southwestern Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734453","camlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camlau1","avibase-C2DAFFFB",null,null,"Khao Kuap [lat. 12° 25' N., long. 102° 50' E.] , Thailand.","Descriptions of three new Birds from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107495#page/216/mode/1up","Garrulax ferrarius"],["25172","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax milleti","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.574 pl.12","Black-hooded Laughingthrush","Black-hooded Laughingthrush","Black-hooded Laughingthrush",null,null,"patchy in foothill broadleaf evergreen forest in central Vietnam and adjacent Laos, and in southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715628","blhlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhlau1","avibase-60FA71F5",null,null,"Dalat [lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/672/mode/1up","Garrulax milleti"],["25173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax milleti sweeti","Eames, 2002","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands of Vietnam (Kon Tum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57A3583F",null,null,"Cong Troi (15° 14’N, 107° 41’E), Kon Tum Province, Vietnam, c. 1,500 m asl, 23 April 1998. Collected by LTT","Eleven new sub-species of babbler (Passeriformes: Timaliinae) from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124974#page/140/mode/1up","Garrulax milleti sweeti"],["25174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax milleti milleti","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.574 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern and southern Vietnam and southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A13312F3",null,null,"Dalat [lat. 11° 55' N., long. 108° 26' E.], Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/672/mode/1up","Garrulax milleti"],["25175","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax strepitans","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.268","White-necked Laughingthrush","White-necked Laughingthrush","White-necked Laughingthrush",null,null,"Myanmar to southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan), western Thailand, and northwestern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735097","whnlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnlau1","avibase-830EF7CF",null,null,"'the mountainous interior of the Tenasserim provinces.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/312/mode/1up","Garrulax strepitans"],["25176","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax maesi","(Oustalet, 1890)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 15 p.155","Grey Laughingthrush","Gray Laughingthrush","Grey Laughingthrush",null,null,"southeastern China from south-central Sichuan, far eastern Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and northern Guangdong) and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735102","grylau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grylau1","avibase-DF9E2D94",null,null,"Tongking ; restricted to the Tarn Dao Mountains [ca. lat. 21° 30' N., long. 105° 34' E.], by Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 83.","Description de nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux du Tonkin, du Laos et de la Cochinchine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23564#page/181/mode/1up","Dryonastes Maesi"],["25177","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax castanotis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.20 p.584","Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush","Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush","Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to submontane broadleaf evergreen forest in northern and central Vietnam, and adjacent Laos, and on Hainan (southeastern China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734458","ruclau3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruclau3","avibase-FD662075",null,null,"Five-finger Mountains, Hainan.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds from the Interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/644/mode/1up","Dryonastes castanotis"],["25178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax castanotis varennei","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tonkin (Mount Ba Vi) and northwestern and west-central Annam, in Vietnam, and adjacent eastern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70278CCA",null,null,"Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19' N., long. 103° 22' E.], Laos.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/49/mode/1up","Dryonastes varennei"],["25179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Garrulax castanotis castanotis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.20 p.584",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B06E11",null,null,"Five-finger Mountains, Hainan.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds from the Interior of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/644/mode/1up","Dryonastes castanotis"],["25180","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cinclosoma ocelatum [Vigors, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/225/mode/1up","Ianthocincla"],["25181","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla sukatschewi","(Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891)","Aves expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et confinia 1884-1887 p.59 pl.1 fig.1","Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush","Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush","Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush",null,null,"southwestern China (montane forest of southern Gansu and adjacent Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715662","suklau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suklau1","avibase-1C31D0DE",null,null,"Hsiku and Minchow districts, southern Kansu.",null,null,"Trochalopteron Sukatschewi"],["25182","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla cineracea","(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.45 pl.11","Moustached Laughingthrush","Moustached Laughingthrush",null,"2025-0571","Taxon <em>cinereiceps </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ianthocincla cineracea</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Luo et al. 2009; Moyle et al. 2012) and plumage differences are more consistent with subspecies-level differences.","northeastern India (from hills south of the Brahmaputra), northern Myanmar, and southwestern China eastward to Fujian, Guangdong, and far northern Vietnam; introduced southern Japan (Shikoku)",null,null,null,"moulau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moulau1","avibase-01F5F4C6",null,null,"no locality; type from Thobal Valley, Manipur, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 336.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/93/mode/1up","Trochalopteron cineraceum"],["25183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla cineracea cineracea","(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.45 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) to western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A06B148",null,null,"no locality; type from Thobal Valley, Manipur, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 336.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/93/mode/1up","Trochalopteron cineraceum"],["25184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla cineracea strenua","(Deignan, 1957)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southern China (southeastern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A659D9EC",null,null,"Tsehchung Mountains, Mekong Valley, northwestern Yunnan.","An innominate Laughing-Thrush (Garrulax) of North-western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/206/mode/1up","Garrulax cineraceus strenuus"],["25185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla cineracea cinereiceps","(Styan, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.18 p.167-168, pl. VI",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (western Sichuan to Anhui, Guandong, and Zhejiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE0F369A",null,null,"'Yunnan' ; type specimen agrees with birds of the Yangtze Valley, fide Sims, 1957, in Deignan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70, p. 190.","On a new Species of Trochalopteron from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/209/mode/1up","Trochalopteron cinereiceps"],["25186","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla konkakinhensis","(Eames & Eames, 2001)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 121 p.10 [10-21 pl.1]","Chestnut-eared Laughingthrush","Chestnut-eared Laughingthrush","Chestnut-eared Laughingthrush",null,null,"central Vietnam (Mount Kon Ka Kinh)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729480","chelau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chelau1","avibase-566F8C8C",null,null,"Mount Kon Ka Kinh (14°19'N,108°24'E), Gia Lai province, Vietnam, at c. 1,700 masl. on April 1999","A new species of Laughingthrush (Passeriformes: Garrulacinae) from the Central Highlands of Vietnam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123890#page/18/mode/1up","Garrulax konkakinhensis"],["25187","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla rufogularis","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.48","Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush","Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush","Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to submontane dense understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, and dense scrub bordering cultivation, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to northwestern Myanmar, and disjunctly in northeastern Myanmar and adjacent southern China, and in northwestern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715669","ruclau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruclau1","avibase-422037AA",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Sikkim, by Baker, 1920, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 241.","Characters of a New Genus of Merulidae (Ianthocincla).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/226/mode/1up","Ianthocincla rufogularis"],["25188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla rufogularis occidentalis","Hartert, 1909","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.635",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Murree Hills, Pakistan to northwestern Uttarkhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EBF4200",null,null,"Dehra Dun, northwestern Uttar Pradesh.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/721/mode/1up","Ianthocincla rufogularis occidentalis"],["25189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla rufogularis rufogularis","Gould, 1835","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.27 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal eastward to Bhutan and northeastern India (central Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8092309C",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Sikkim, by Baker, 1920, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 241.","Characters of a New Genus of Merulidae (Ianthocincla).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/226/mode/1up","Ianthocincla rufogularis"],["25190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla rufogularis assamensis","Hartert, 1909","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.635",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Indian hill states south of Brahmaputra River (except Meghalaya), and northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3937877",null,null,"Margherita, northeastern Assam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40550#page/76/mode/1up","Ianthocincla rufogularis assamensis"],["25191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla rufogularis rufitincta","Koelz, 1952","Journal of the Zoological Society of India 4, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Meghalaya, in northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEAB3338",null,null,"Pynursla, Khasi Hills, Assam.","New races of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/548/mode/1up","Ianthocincla rufogularis rufitincta"],["25192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla rufogularis rufiberbis","Koelz, 1954","Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southeastern Arunachal Pradesh), northern and northeastern Myanmar, and southern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02CFF19A",null,null,"between Langyang and Htawgaw, Kachin State, Upper Burma.","Ornithological Studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India",null,"Ianthocincla rufogularis rufiberbis"],["25193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla rufogularis intensior","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Vietnam (western Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA2378F2",null,null,"Chapa [lat. 22° 20' N., long. 103° 50' E.], Tongking.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Garrulax rufogularis intensior"],["25194","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla maxima","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.36 pl.3 fig.1","Giant Laughingthrush","Giant Laughingthrush","Giant Laughingthrush",null,null,"mountains of southeastern Tibet to southern China (southern Gansu, western Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715679","gialau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gialau1","avibase-826C6C37",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; types from Muping [= Paohing] , Hsikang, fide Verreaux, 1871.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/338/mode/1up","Pterorhinus maximus"],["25195","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla ocellata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.55,56","Spotted Laughingthrush","Spotted Laughingthrush","Spotted Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane understory in fir forest, rhododendron scrub in open mixed forest, and bushes bordering fields, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to east-central China, and southward to northeastern Myanmar, some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715682","spolau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spolau1","avibase-7A44AD5A",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Darjeeling, West Bengal, by Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 156.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/69/mode/1up","Cinclosoma ocellatum"],["25196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla ocellata griseicauda","(Koelz, 1950)","American Museum Novitates no.1452 p.7-8",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from northwestern India (northwestern Uttar Pradesh) to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-373D1F7E",null,null,"Wan, Garhwal, Uttar Pradesh.","New subspecies of birds from southwerstern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4237/","Garrulax ocellatus griseicauda"],["25197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla ocellata ocellata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.5 p.55,56",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (central Nepal to Bhutan and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E764B49E",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Darjeeling, West Bengal, by Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 156.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/69/mode/1up","Cinclosoma ocellatum"],["25198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla ocellata maculipectus","(Hachisuka, 1953)","The Auk 70, no.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (northwestern Yunnan) to northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C2451DD",null,null,"Shweli-Salwin Divide, Yunnan","Corrections of Names in the Avian Subfamily, Timaliinae","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol70/iss1/23/","Garrulax ocellatus maculipectus"],["25199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla ocellata artemisiae","(David, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.7, no.40 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Gansu to Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5C695E5",null,null,"Muping [= Paohing] , Hsikang.","XXXI. On two new Species of Birds from Moupin, Western Szechuen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78387#page/270/mode/1up","Cinclosoma Artemisiae"],["25200","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla bieti","Oustalet, 1897","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 3, no.5 p.163","White-speckled Laughingthrush","White-speckled Laughingthrush","White-speckled Laughingthrush",null,null,"mountains of southern China (southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715675","bielau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bielau1","avibase-73B7590F",null,null,"Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.","Description de deux espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/378/mode/1up","Ianthocincla Bieti"],["25201","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla lunulata","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6 p.36 pl.3 fig.2","Barred Laughingthrush","Barred Laughingthrush","Barred Laughingthrush",null,null,"south-central China (southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi and western Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715672","barlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barlau1","avibase-82C19E11",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; type from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.",null,"Janthocincla lunulata"],["25202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla lunulata lunulata","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6 p.36 pl.3 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Gansu eastward through western Hubei, and southward to central Sichuan (east-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F80C16D1",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois'; type from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.",null,"Janthocincla lunulata"],["25203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Ianthocincla lunulata liangshanensis","(Li, Zhang & Zhang, 1979)","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 4 no.1 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Sichuan (south-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E944BBF7",null,null,"Daqio's People's Commune, Ganluo Xian, Sichuan [China]","A new subspecies of Garrulax lunulatus from Sichuan - G. l. liangshanensis.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122121453.pdf","Garrulax lunulatus liangshanensis"],["25204","genus","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus","Swinhoe, 1868","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.60.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pterorhinus davidi [Swinhoe]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/84/mode/1up","Pterorhinus"],["25205","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus delesserti","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.256","Wayanad Laughingthrush","Wayanad Laughingthrush","Wayanad Laughingthrush",null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats from Goa to Kerala and western Tamil Nadu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715653","wynlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wynlau1","avibase-96A465BE",null,null,"Kotagiri, Nilgiri Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/282/mode/1up","C[rateropus] Delesserti"],["25206","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus gularis","(McClelland, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.159","Rufous-vented Laughingthrush","Rufous-vented Laughingthrush","Rufous-vented Laughingthrush",null,null,"eastern Bhutan to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and northern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715656","ruvlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvlau1","avibase-BBE951A5",null,null,"Assam; restricted to Cachar, apud Baker, 1920, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 240; Sadiya suggested by Kinnear, 1937, in Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, p. 30.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/689/mode/1up","Ianthocincla gularis"],["25207","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus vassali","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.13","White-cheeked Laughingthrush","White-cheeked Laughingthrush","White-cheeked Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane forest of Vietnam and southern Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715645","whclau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whclau1","avibase-7EA7CEE7",null,null,"Bali Region [= Nhatrang Province] , southern Annam.","On three new species from Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/437/mode/1up","Dryonastes vassali"],["25208","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus galbanus","(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.44 pl.10","Yellow-throated Laughingthrush","Yellow-throated Laughingthrush","Yellow-throated Laughingthrush",null,null,"southeastern Assam (Manipur and Mizo Hills) to western Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734337","yetlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetlau1","avibase-8A04ACFE",null,null,"Manipur.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/92/mode/1up","Garrulax galbanus"],["25209","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus courtoisi","(Ménégaux, 1923)","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 29, no.4 p.287","Blue-crowned Laughingthrush","Blue-crowned Laughingthrush","Blue-crowned Laughingthrush",null,null,"east-central (northern Jiangxi) and southern China (Yunnan)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732350","buclau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buclau1","avibase-8A908A7E",null,null,"Ouyuan, northeastern Kiangsi [=Wuyuan, Jiangxi]","Description du Garrulax Courtoisi, nov. sp. de la Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213221#page/315/mode/1up","Garrulax Courtoisi"],["25210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus courtoisi courtoisi","(Ménégaux, 1923)","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 29, no.4 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central China (northern Jiangxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E317D4A",null,null,"Ouyuan, northeastern Kiangsi [=Wuyuan, Jiangxi]","Description du Garrulax Courtoisi, nov. sp. de la Chine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213221#page/315/mode/1up","Garrulax Courtoisi"],["25211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus courtoisi simaoensis","(Cheng & Tang, 1982)","Sinozoologia 2 p.1 (chinois), 2 (anglais)",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC68C25B",null,null,"Simao, Yunnan, China","A new subspecies of Garrulax galbanus from Yunnan, China - Garrulax galbanus simaoensis.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122454515.pdf","Garrulax galbanus simaoensis"],["25212","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus mitratus","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.345 pl.V[=IX] fig.3","Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush","Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush","Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush",null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula (northern Perak to southern Selangor and Pahang) and western Sumatra",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103872287","chclau3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chclau3","avibase-6E91359B",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA345#v=onepage&f=false","Timalia mitrata"],["25213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus mitratus major","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malayan Peninsula (northern Perak to southern Selangor and Pahang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3A72F5D",null,null,"Gunong Ijau, Perak.","On behalf of Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. B. Kloss, exhibition of types and descriptions of new species of Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/284/mode/1up","Rhinocichla mitrata major"],["25214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus mitratus mitratus","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.345 pl.V[=IX] fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FBE0A7F",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA345#v=onepage&f=false","Timalia mitrata"],["25215","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus treacheri","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.248, pl. XXIII","Chestnut-hooded Laughingthrush","Chestnut-hooded Laughingthrush","Chestnut-hooded Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103872315","chhlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhlau1","avibase-36545FD3",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo.","On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain, in North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/334/mode/1up","Ianthocincla treacheri"],["25216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus treacheri treacheri","(Sharpe, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.248, pl. XXIII",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A00E6B05",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo.","On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain, in North-western Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/334/mode/1up","Ianthocincla treacheri"],["25217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus treacheri damnatus","(Harrisson & Hartley, 1934)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Sarawak (Mount Dulit, Mount Derian, and Kelabit Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72778FE9",null,null,"Mount Dulit, Sarawak.","Descriptions of new races from mountain areas in Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/194/mode/1up","Rhinocichla mitrata damnata"],["25218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus treacheri griswoldi","(Peters, 1940)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 87, no.3 p.204-205",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Borneo (Schwaner and Müller mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00AEA3BD",null,null,"Mount Tibang, 4000 ft., Dutch North Borneo.","Mammal and Bird Collections of the Asiatic Primate Expedition","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21219#page/238/mode/1up","Rhinocichla mitrata griswoldi"],["25219","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus ruficollis","(Jardine & Selby, 1838)","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.4 pl.21, with text","Rufous-necked Laughingthrush","Rufous-necked Laughingthrush","Rufous-necked Laughingthrush",null,null,"mixed forest of eastern Nepal to southwestern China, northeastern India, and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715636","runlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runlau1","avibase-0DBAC9AF",null,null,"Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/141/mode/1up","Ianthocincla ruficollis"],["25220","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus nuchalis","(Godwin-Austen, 1876)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.18, no.107 p.411","Chestnut-backed Laughingthrush","Chestnut-backed Laughingthrush","Chestnut-backed Laughingthrush",null,null,"lowlands of northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh) to northern Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715639","chblau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chblau1","avibase-664E4CED",null,null,"Lhota, Naga Hills, Assam.","XXXVIII. Descriptions of supposed new Birds from the Khási-Nágá Hill-ranges south of the Brahmaputra River, Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54081#page/425/mode/1up","Garrulax nuchalis"],["25221","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus chinensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.86","Black-throated Laughingthrush","Black-throated Laughingthrush","Black-throated Laughingthrush","2025-0570","Taxon <em>monachus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pterorhinus chinensis</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although <em>monachus </em>differs in size and plumage, mitochondrial divergence is low (Wu et al. 2012; Cibois et al. 2018b) and monophyly of<em> P. chinensis sensu stricto</em> is not supported by the available data (Cibois et al. 2018b). A more comprehensive morphological and genetic review of this complex is needed.","foothill broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest, and secondary growth, from eastern Myanmar eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to peninsular Thailand and southern Vietnam; introduced in Taiwan and Hong Kong",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715642","bltlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltlau1","avibase-48A456CC",null,null,"China, ex Sonnerat ; restricted to Canton, by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 514.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Lanius (chinensis)"],["25222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus chinensis lochmius","(Deignan, 1941)","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 26, no.3 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Yunnan) to southeastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9768AE49",null,null,"King Chiang Saen [lat. 20° m N., long. 100° 05' E.], Thailand.","New races of Alaudidae and Timaliidae from northern Thailand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/481/mode/1up","Garrulax chinensis lochmius"],["25223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus chinensis propinquus","(Salvadori, 1913)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.3, no.46 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A19ACD3",null,null,"near Thagata, southwest of Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenasserim [Myanmar].","Nova specie del Genere Dryonastes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42258#page/10/mode/1up","Dryonastes propinquus"],["25224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus chinensis germaini","(Oustalet, 1890)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 15ème vol. p.157-159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Phantiet and Phanrang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5702DB79",null,null,"Lower Cochinchina.","Description de nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux du Tonkin, du Laos et de la Cochinchine.",null,"Dryonastes Germaini"],["25225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus chinensis chinensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan, southern Guangxi, and southern Guangdong) to northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5490E0BC",null,null,"China, ex Sonnerat ; restricted to Canton, by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 514.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Lanius (chinensis)"],["25226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus chinensis monachus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.248-250",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40B0D5EB",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/270/mode/1up","Garrulax monachus"],["25227","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus perspicillatus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.830","Masked Laughingthrush","Masked Laughingthrush","Masked Laughingthrush",null,null,"lowland scrub of southern China to Indochina; introduced Japan (central Honshu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715595","maslau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maslau1","avibase-8FD7181A",null,null,"China; restricted to Amoy, Fukien, by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 516.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/514/mode/1up","[Turdus] perspicillatus"],["25228","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus sannio","(Swinhoe, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.12 p.403","White-browed Laughingthrush","White-browed Laughingthrush","White-browed Laughingthrush",null,null,"lowland to submontane scrubby grassland, secondary growth, bamboo thickets, cultivation borders, and gardens, from northeastern India eastward to southeastern China, and southward to northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam; introduced Japan (central Honshu)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715707","whblau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whblau1","avibase-2A59B27F",null,null,"Interior of Fukien.","Jottings on Birds from my Amoy Journal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/435/mode/1up","Garrulax sannio"],["25229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus sannio albosuperciliaris","(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Naga Hills and Manipur in eastern Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1403D43",null,null,"near Kaibi, Manipur.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/93/mode/1up","Garrulax albo-superciliaris"],["25230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus sannio comis","(Deignan, 1952)","Postilla 11 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Yunnan) to northeastern Myanmar, northern Laos, northern Annam, and Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E45A909C",null,null,"Likiang Plain, Yunnan.","Geographical variation in Garrulax sannio Swinhoe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/342/mode/1up","Garrulax sannio comis"],["25231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus sannio sannio","(Swinhoe, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.12 p.403",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (Guangxi, Guandong, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hunan) to Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A479967",null,null,"Interior of Fukien.","Jottings on Birds from my Amoy Journal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/435/mode/1up","Garrulax sannio"],["25232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus sannio oblectans","(Deignan, 1952)","Postilla 11 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (southwestern Hubei, northern Guizhou, and Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDBC8FD2",null,null,"near Ipin, Szechwan.","Geographical variation in Garrulax sannio Swinhoe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/97/mode/1up","Garrulax sannio oblectans"],["25233","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus davidi","Swinhoe, 1868","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.61","Plain Laughingthrush","Plain Laughingthrush","Plain Laughingthrush",null,null,"foothill to montane scrub oak woodland, riparian scrub, and willow thickets, from north-central China eastward to northeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715659","pedlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pedlau1","avibase-ECB9A862",null,null,"Peking, Hopeh.","Ornithological Notes from Amoy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/85/mode/1up","Pterorhinus davidi"],["25234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus davidi davidi","Swinhoe, 1868","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Qinghai eastward to Inner Mongolia (northern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DDCC8D0",null,null,"Peking, Hopeh.","Ornithological Notes from Amoy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/85/mode/1up","Pterorhinus davidi"],["25235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus davidi concolor","(Stresemann, 1923)","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"Sungpan region of northern Sichuan (south-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-213E37C7",null,null,"Sungpan, northwestern Szechwan.","Neue Formen aus Szetschwan.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012814","Janthocincla davidi concolor"],["25236","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus pectoralis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.186","Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush","Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush","Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf evergreen forest, deciduous and mixed forest, secondary growth, bamboo, and plantations, from Nepal eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to peninsular Thailand, central Vietnam, and adjacent Laos; introduced in Hawaii (Kauai)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715611","gnlthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnlthr","avibase-75BA8D16",null,null,"Nepal.","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/364/mode/1up","Ianthocincla pectoralis"],["25237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus pectoralis pectoralis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal eastward through northeastern India, Bangladesh, and western and central Myanmar to southern China (southern Yunnan west of the Mekong River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527AA594",null,null,"Nepal.","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/364/mode/1up","Ianthocincla pectoralis"],["25238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus pectoralis subfusus","(Kinnear, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (including northern Tenasserim) and northwestern and western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-783592A7",null,null,"Mitan, Amherst, Tenasserim.","Description and remarks on a new Babbling-Thrush from Tenasserim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/131/mode/1up","Garrulax pectoralis subfusa"],["25239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus pectoralis robini","(Delacour, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Myanmar, southern China (southern Yunnan), northern and central Laos and northern Vietnam (Tonkin, northern Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5FE35C2",null,null,"Tarn Dao [lat. 21° 2r N., long. 105° 40' E.] , Tongking.","Description of two new genera and forty new species and subspecies collected during the third Expedition to French Indo-China in 1926-1927.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/197/mode/1up","Garrulax pectoralis robini"],["25240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus pectoralis picticollis","(Swinhoe, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.1/2 p.554",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central, eastern, and southeastern China (eastern Gansu and central and southern Shaanxi eastward to northern Hubei, southern Jiangsu, and northeastern Zhejiang, southward to central Guizhou, Guangxi, and Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26CDEDE3",null,null,"Chekiang.","Descriptions of two new Pheasants and a new Garrulax from Ningpo, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/638/mode/1up","Garrulax picticollis"],["25241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus pectoralis semitorquatus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4F7F6C0",null,null,"Five-Finger Mountains, Hainan.","[Description of a species of bird collected by the late John Whitehead in Hainan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/81/mode/1up","Garrulax semitorquata"],["25242","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus woodi","(Finn, 1902)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 71, pt.2, no.3 p.125 (in text), pl. VII","Mount Victoria Babax","Mount Victoria Babax","Mount Victoria Babax",null,null,"southeastern Assam (Mizo Hills) to western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103872810","chibub1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chibub1","avibase-37F6EC60",null,null,"Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.","On a collection of birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105029#page/159/mode/1up","Babax woodi"],["25243","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus lanceolatus","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.36","Chinese Babax","Chinese Babax","Chinese Babax",null,null,"foothill to montane open broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, bracken-bramble scrub, and bamboo, from central and southeastern China southward to southern Tibet and eastern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103872761","chibab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chibab2","avibase-EA1D6AB8",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; type specimen from Muping [= Paohing] , Hsikang, fide Oustalet, 1893, ibid., ser. 3, 5, p. 193.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/338/mode/1up","Pterorhinus lanceolatus"],["25244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus lanceolatus bonvaloti","(Oustalet, 1892)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Tibet to west-central Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8F41B1B",null,null,"'So,' error; corrected to Tara [ca. 30°18'N., 98°30'E.], Hsikang, by Oustalet, 1893, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris] , ser. 3, 5, p. 193.","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/283/mode/1up","Babax Bonvaloti"],["25245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus lanceolatus lanceolatus","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern China (from southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, and western Hubei southward to central and northern Yunnan, central and eastern Sichuan, and northern Guizhou), and northeastern and central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D71AB26",null,null,"'les montagnes du Thibet chinois' ; type specimen from Muping [= Paohing] , Hsikang, fide Oustalet, 1893, ibid., ser. 3, 5, p. 193.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/338/mode/1up","Pterorhinus lanceolatus"],["25246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus lanceolatus latouchei","(Stresemann, 1929)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE108A1F",null,null,"Yao Shan, Kwangsi.","Neue Vogelrassen aus Kwangsi.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0139-0141.pdf#page=2","Babax lanceolatus latouchei"],["25247","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus waddelli","(Dresser, 1905)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Abstract no.81 p.13","Giant Babax","Giant Babax","Giant Babax",null,null,"montane scrub, forest edge and brushy alpine vegetation, in eastern and southern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716512","giabab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giabab1","avibase-B30DCDD9",null,null,"near the Chaksam Ferry [29°15'N, 90°32'E], Tsangpo Valley, Tibet.","Descriptions of Three new Species of Birds obtained during the recent Expedition to Lhassa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99378#page/88/mode/1up","Babax waddelli"],["25248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus waddelli waddelli","(Dresser, 1905)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Abstract no.81 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4C415E9",null,null,"near the Chaksam Ferry [29°15'N, 90°32'E], Tsangpo Valley, Tibet.","Descriptions of Three new Species of Birds obtained during the recent Expedition to Lhassa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99378#page/88/mode/1up","Babax waddelli"],["25249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus waddelli jomo","(Vaurie, 1955)","American Museum Novitates no.1753 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Tibet (Gyangtse region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56666108",null,null,"below Tsechen, about four miles south of Gyangtse, southeastern Tibet. (28°56'N, 89°35'E )","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 18. Supplementary notes on Corvidae, Timaliinae, Alaudidae, Sylviinae, Hirundinidae, and Turdinae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5405/","Babax waddelli jomo"],["25250","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus koslowi","(Bianchi, 1905)","Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg ser.5, vol.23 p.45","Tibetan Babax","Tibetan Babax","Tibetan Babax",null,null,"montane scrub in juniper forest, and scrub bordering agricultural land, in eastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716515","tibbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibbab1","avibase-CADC3FC1",null,null,"Bar Chu and Dzer Chu, tributaries of the Mekong near Chamdo, Hsikang.","[Kaznakowia gen. nov. Babax David 1876, genres de la famille Crateropidae, ordre Passeriformes].",null,"Kaznakowia koslowi"],["25251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus koslowi koslowi","(Bianchi, 1905)","Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg ser.5, vol.23 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of south-central China (southern Qinghai and northwestern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9051E064",null,null,"Bar Chu and Dzer Chu, tributaries of the Mekong near Chamdo, Hsikang.","[Kaznakowia gen. nov. Babax David 1876, genres de la famille Crateropidae, ordre Passeriformes].",null,"Kaznakowia koslowi"],["25252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus koslowi yuquensis","(Li & Wang, 1979)","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 4 no.3 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D7CD4DB",null,null,"Xizang, China","A new subspecies of Babaoc (Babax koslowi yuquensis) from Xizang, China.",null,"Babax koslowi yuquensis"],["25253","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus ruficeps","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.281","Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush","Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush","Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush",null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734443","ruclau2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruclau2","avibase-C7279987",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/335/mode/1up","Garrulax ruficeps"],["25254","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus albogularis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.187","White-throated Laughingthrush","White-throated Laughingthrush","White-throated Laughingthrush",null,null,"Himalayas from Kashmir to eastern Arunachal Pradesh, and southwestern China (Qinghai, southern Shaanxi, southern Sichuan, and northern Yunnan) to northwestern Tonkin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735092","whtlau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtlau1","avibase-D5C979A6",null,null,"Nepal.","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/365/mode/1up","Ianthocincla albogularis"],["25255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus albogularis whistleri","(Stuart Baker, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Kashmir to Pakistan and northwestern India (Uttar Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71EC2561",null,null,"Simla, Himachal Pradesh.","Description of a new race of Laughing-Thrush.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/251/mode/1up","Garrulax albogularis whistleri"],["25256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus albogularis albogularis","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (western Nepal to eastern Bhutan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63C665E7",null,null,"Nepal.","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/365/mode/1up","Ianthocincla albogularis"],["25257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus albogularis eous","(Riley, 1930)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 43, no.12 p.79-80",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Qinghai, southern Shaanxi, southern Sichuan, and northern Yunnan) to northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACF57C46",null,null,"Fuchuan Shan, Mekong-Salween Divide, northwestern Yunnan.","New forms of Laughing Thrushes from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107495#page/101/mode/1up","Garrulax albogularis eous"],["25258","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus caerulatus","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.147","Grey-sided Laughingthrush","Gray-sided Laughingthrush","Grey-sided Laughingthrush",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane dense understory in broadleaf evergreen forest, bamboo thickets, and scrub in pine forest, from eastern Nepal eastward through Himalayas to southern China, and southward to northeastern India and northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715685","gyslau","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyslau","avibase-DB7534FA",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125678#page/119/mode/1up","Cinc[losoma] Caerulatus"],["25259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus caerulatus caerulatus","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"central Nepal eastward to Bhutan and northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh except southeastern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38379B98",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125678#page/119/mode/1up","Cinc[losoma] Caerulatus"],["25260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus caerulatus subcaerulatus","(Hume, 1878)","Stray Feathers 7, no.1 & 2 p.140-141",null,null,null,null,null,"Meghalaya and adjacent southern Assam, in northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9168A6B1",null,null,"near Shillong, Khasi Hills, Assam.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94440#page/166/mode/1up","Garrulax subcaerulatus"],["25261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus caerulatus livingstoni","(Ripley, 1952)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 50 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arunachal Pradesh southward to northern Manipur (northeastern India) and adjacent northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D23448C",null,null,"Mount Japvo, Naga Hills, Assam.","A collection of birds from the Naga Hills.",null,"Garrulax caerulatus livingstoni"],["25262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus caerulatus kaurensis","(Rippon, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar and adjacent western Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A848B38",null,null,"'Kauri-Kachin tract, to the east of Bhamo, and bordering on the south of the Tapeng River,' Kachin State, Burma.","[Exhibition and description of two new species of birds from the Kauri-Kachin tract, to the east of Bhamo, and bordering on the south of the Tapeng River].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/269/mode/1up","Dryonastes kaurensis"],["25263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus caerulatus latifrons","(Rothschild, 1926)","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.3 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Myanmar and adjacent southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5DAB2FD",null,null,"Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.","On the avifauna of Yunnan, with critical notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216350#page/82/mode/1up","Ianthocincla caerulata latifrons"],["25264","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus","(Gould, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.281","Rusty Laughingthrush","Rusty Laughingthrush","Rusty Laughingthrush",null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735107","ruslau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruslau1","avibase-799CD8D0",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/335/mode/1up","Garrulax poecilorhyncha"],["25265","species","Passeriformes","Leiothrichidae","Laughingthrushes and allies","Pterorhinus berthemyi","(Oustalet, 1876)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (6), 13 p.92","Buffy Laughingthrush","Buffy Laughingthrush","Buffy Laughingthrush",null,null,"mountains of southeastern China (northwestern Yunnan, Gansu, and southern Sichuan eastward to Anhui, Zhejiang and northwestern Fujian)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734463","buflau1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buflau1","avibase-329039A2",null,null,"western Fukien.",null,null,"Ianthocincla Berthemyi"],["25266","family","Passeriformes","Dulidae","Palmchat","Dulidae",null,null,"Palmchat","Palmchat","Palmchat",null,null,null,null,null,null,"dulida1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dulida1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25267","genus","Passeriformes","Dulidae","Palmchat","Dulus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra dominica [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Tanagra dominica Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f48.item","Dulus"],["25268","species","Passeriformes","Dulidae","Palmchat","Dulus dominicus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316","Palmchat","Palmchat","Palmchat",null,null,"Hispaniola, including Gonâve and Saona islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708129","palmch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palmch1","avibase-A274284B",null,null,"Dominica = Santo Domingo, Hispaniola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra dominica"],["25269","family","Passeriformes","Bombycillidae","Waxwings","Bombycillidae",null,null,"Waxwings","Waxwings","Waxwings",null,null,null,null,null,null,"bombyc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bombyc1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25270","genus","Passeriformes","Bombycillidae","Waxwings","Bombycilla","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Bombycilla cedrorum [Vieillot, 1808]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/232/mode/1up","Bombycilla"],["25271","species","Passeriformes","Bombycillidae","Waxwings","Bombycilla cedrorum","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.88 pl.57","Cedar Waxwing","Cedar Waxwing","Cedar Waxwing",null,null,"breeds North America; winters to northern South America and Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708153","cedwax","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cedwax","avibase-9437D635",null,null,"Amérique depuis le Canada jusqu'au Mexique = eastern North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/232/mode/1up","Bombycilla cedrorum"],["25272","species","Passeriformes","Bombycillidae","Waxwings","Bombycilla japonica","(Siebold, 1824)","De historiae naturalis in Japonia statu, nec non de augmento emolumentisque in dercursu perscrutationum exspectandis dissertatio, cui accedunt Spicilegia Faunae Japonicae p.13,note","Japanese Waxwing","Japanese Waxwing","Japanese Waxwing",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia and northeastern China; winters to southern China and Kyushu (southern Japan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708150","japwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japwax1","avibase-F13AA87F",null,null,"'Fyco ac Tsikuzen' = Kumamoto and Fukuoka prefectures, Kyushu, Japan.",null,null,"Bombycivora japonica"],["25273","species","Passeriformes","Bombycillidae","Waxwings","Bombycilla garrulus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.95","Bohemian Waxwing","Bohemian Waxwing","Bohemian Waxwing",null,null,"breeds northern Europe and northern Asia, and northwestern North America; winters to western Europe, central and eastern Asia, and south of breeding range in North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708146","bohwax","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bohwax","avibase-AEF821EC",null,null,"? Europa and America boreali = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/113/mode/1up","Lanius Garrulus"],["25274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bombycillidae","Waxwings","Bombycilla garrulus garrulus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Europe and northern Asia eastward to Kamchatka; winters to western Europe and central, eastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28562999",null,null,"? Europa and America boreali = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/113/mode/1up","Lanius Garrulus"],["25275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Bombycillidae","Waxwings","Bombycilla garrulus pallidiceps","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern North America; highly nomadic in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CC4D8DC",null,null,"Shesly River, British Columbia.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/207/mode/1up","Bombycilla garrula pallidiceps"],["25276","family","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonatidae",null,null,"Silky-flycatchers","Silky-flycatchers","Silky-flycatchers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ptilio1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ptilio1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25277","genus","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainoptila","Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phainoptila melanoxantha [Salvin, 1877]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/471/mode/1up","Phainoptila"],["25278","species","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainoptila melanoxantha","Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.367","Black-and-yellow Phainoptila","Black-and-yellow Silky-flycatcher","Black-and-yellow Silky-flycatcher",null,null,"forest and edge of high mountains from far northwestern Costa Rica through Central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708142","bayfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bayfly1","avibase-2AF8DBBD",null,null,"Costa Rica = San Francisco, fide Hellmayr, 1935.","Description of a New Genus and Species of Oscines from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/471/mode/1up","Phainoptila melanoxantha"],["25279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainoptila melanoxantha melanoxantha","Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"cordillera of central Costa Rica to western Panama (east to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72C8652E",null,null,"Costa Rica = San Francisco, fide Hellmayr, 1935.","Description of a New Genus and Species of Oscines from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/471/mode/1up","Phainoptila melanoxantha"],["25280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainoptila melanoxantha parkeri","Barrantes Montero & Sánchez, 2000","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 120 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Costa Rica (Cordilleras de Guanacaste and Tilarán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02C0D528",null,null,"at 1640 m on Volcán Cacao (10°58’°50\"N, 85°28 '20\"W, Provincia de Guanacaste) on 3 March 1997 by G. Barrantes","A new subspecies of Black and Yellow Silky Flycatcher, Phainoptila melanoxantha, from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123705#page/49/mode/1up","Phainoptila melanoxantha parkeri"],["25281","genus","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainopepla","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xix,xxxiv,923",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ptilogonys nitens [Swainson, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Phainopepla"],["25282","species","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainopepla nitens","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.285","Phainopepla","Phainopepla","Phainopepla",null,null,"breeds mostly in desert from north-central California and southern Great Basin southward through Baja California, Sonora, and east-central Mexico; some nomadism and winter breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708139","phaino","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phaino","avibase-BD929CBC",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/297/mode/1up","Ptilogonys nitens"],["25283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainopepla nitens lepida","Van Tyne, 1925","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to Baja and northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97B173D4",null,null,"Riverside, California.","An undescribed race of Phainopepla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/173/mode/1up","Phainopepla nitens lepida"],["25284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Phainopepla nitens nitens","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas to southern Mexican plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-961D04A2",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/297/mode/1up","Ptilogonys nitens"],["25285","genus","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonys","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptiliogonys cinereus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Ptiliogonys"],["25286","species","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonys caudatus","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.402","Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher","Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher","Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher",null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (Volcán de Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708136","ltsfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltsfly1","avibase-12D30D1A",null,null,"Irazú, Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/414/mode/1up","Ptilogonys caudatus"],["25287","species","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonys cinereus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368","Grey Silky-flycatcher","Gray Silky-flycatcher","Grey Silky-flycatcher",null,null,"drier montane forest from southern Sonora and central Nuevo León (northern Mexico) southward to southwestern Guatemala; winters to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708132","grsfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grsfly1","avibase-18003191",null,null,"Tableland of Mexico, Real del Monte = Temascaltepec fide Friedmann, Grisconi and Moore, 1957.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Ptiliogonys cinereus"],["25288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonys cinereus cinereus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central and eastern Mexico (southern Coahuila, southern Nuevo León, and Jalisco southward to western Michoacán and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55523592",null,null,"Tableland of Mexico, Real del Monte = Temascaltepec fide Friedmann, Grisconi and Moore, 1957.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Ptiliogonys cinereus"],["25289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonys cinereus otofuscus","Moore, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB6172C",null,null,"Arroyo Hondo (about thirty miles northeast of junction of Río Chinipas and Río Fuerte) southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico.","New Birds from northwestern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/140/mode/1up","Ptilogonys cinereus otofuscus"],["25290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonys cinereus pallescens","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Mexico (eastern Michoacán and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39B1934B",null,null,"Chilpancingo (8,000 feet), Guerrero, Mexico.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/458/mode/1up","Ptilogonys cinereus pallescens"],["25291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ptiliogonatidae","Silky-flycatchers","Ptiliogonys cinereus molybdophanes","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.464 (note)",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-046854C7",null,null,"Dueñas, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/486/mode/1up","Ptiliogonys cinereus molybdophanes"],["25292","family","Passeriformes","Hylocitreidae","Hylocitrea","Hylocitreidae",null,null,"Hylocitrea","Hylocitrea","Hylocitreas",null,null,null,null,null,null,"hyloci3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hyloci3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25293","genus","Passeriformes","Hylocitreidae","Hylocitrea","Hylocitrea","Mathews, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pachycephala bonthaina [Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/115/mode/1up","Hylocitrea"],["25294","species","Passeriformes","Hylocitreidae","Hylocitrea","Hylocitrea bonensis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.4 p.2","Hylocitrea","Hylocitrea",null,"2025-0241","Taxon <em>bonthaina </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Hylocitrea bonensis</em> pending further research. The two forms differ in plumage but more detailed analyses of geographic variation and genetic divergence are required.","montane Sulawesi",null,null,null,"olfwhi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olfwhi1","avibase-25C6B5F3",null,null,"Bone Mountains, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/28/mode/1up","Pachycephala bonensis"],["25295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hylocitreidae","Hylocitrea","Hylocitrea bonensis bonensis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.4 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north, central, and southeastern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-315A1AD2",null,null,"Bone Mountains, northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/28/mode/1up","Pachycephala bonensis"],["25296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Hylocitreidae","Hylocitrea","Hylocitrea bonensis bonthaina","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 6, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi (Mount Lompobattang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E9FDF8D",null,null,"Bonthain Mountains, southern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104470#page/26/mode/1up","Pachycephala bonthaina"],["25297","family","Passeriformes","Hypocoliidae","Hypocolius","Hypocoliidae",null,null,"Hypocolius","Hypocolius","Hypocolius",null,null,null,null,null,null,"hypoco2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hypoco2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25298","genus","Passeriformes","Hypocoliidae","Hypocolius","Hypocolius","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hypocolius ampelinus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/526/mode/1up","Hypocolius"],["25299","species","Passeriformes","Hypocoliidae","Hypocolius","Hypocolius ampelinus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.336","Grey Hypocolius","Hypocolius","Hypocolius",null,null,"breeds eastern Iraq, Kuwait, southern Iran, southern Turkmenistan and, probably, western Afghanistan; non-breeding mainly western and central Saudi Arabia, coastal districts of western Gulf States, southern Iran, southern Pakistan, and far northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22713263","hypoco1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hypoco1","avibase-D08193E0",null,null,"California, in error, type from coast of Abyssinia, fide Hartert, 1907 2 .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/526/mode/1up","Hypocolius ampelinus"],["25300","family","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Mohoidae",null,null,"Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Oos",null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,"mohoid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mohoid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25301","genus","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Chaetoptila","Sclater, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.3 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Entomiza angustipluma [Peale, 1848]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/398/mode/1up","Chaetoptila"],["25302","species","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Chaetoptila angustipluma","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.147","Kioea","Kioea","Kioea",null,null,"formerly Hawaii; extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704348","kioea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kioea","avibase-511F5AF7",null,null,"Hawaii.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/167/mode/1up","Entomiza? angustipluma"],["25303","genus","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Moho","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merops fasciculatus [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Gracula nobilis Merrem, 1786  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/340/mode/1up","Moho"],["25304","species","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Moho braccatus","Cassin, 1855","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.12 p.440","Kauai Oo","Kauai Oo","Kauai Oo",null,null,"formerly Kauai; extinct, last reported 1987","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704323","kauoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kauoo","avibase-D4D46BE5",null,null,"Sandwich Islands [= Kauai Island] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/463/mode/1up","Mohoa braccata"],["25305","species","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Moho apicalis","Gould, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.381","Oahu Oo","Oahu Oo","Oahu Oo",null,null,"formerly Oahu; extinct, last reported 1850","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704329","oahoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oahoo","avibase-A9D4B4FA",null,null,"Owhyhee [= Oahu Island] .","Description of a New Species of the Genus Moho, of Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/479/mode/1up","Moho apicalis"],["25306","species","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Moho bishopi","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.8 p.41","Bishop's Oo","Bishop's Oo","Bishop's Oo",null,null,"formerly Molokai and Maui; extinct, last reported 1981","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704335","bisoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bisoo","avibase-708DC3B5",null,null,"Molokai Island.","[Three new birds from the Sandwich Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/67/mode/1up","Acrulocercus bishopi"],["25307","species","Passeriformes","Mohoidae","Hawaiian Honeyeaters","Moho nobilis","(Merrem, 1786)","Avium rariorum et minus cognitarum Icones et Descriptiones collectae e germanicus latinae factae 1 fasc.1 p.7, pl.2","Hawaii Oo","Hawaii Oo","Hawaii Oo",null,null,"formerly Hawaii; extinct, last reported 1898","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704342","hawoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawoo","avibase-07958FE0",null,null,"Insulae Sanduicenses [= Island of Hawaii] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176784#page/18/mode/1up","Gracula nobilis"],["25308","family","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulidae",null,null,"Kinglets","Kinglets","Kinglets and Firecrests",null,null,null,null,null,null,"reguli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reguli1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25309","genus","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Corthylio","Cabanis, 1853","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.2 p.83.",null,null,null,"2025-0324","Taxon <em>calendula </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Corthylio </em>based on pronounced differences in vocalizations (Päckert et al. 2003, 2009) and morphology from the species in <em>Regulus</em>, and the deep divergence revealed by mitochondrial DNA (Päckert et al. 2003, 2009) and genomic data (Oliveros et al. 2019).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla calendula [Linnaeus]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 1874, Hist. North Amer. Birds, 1, p. 72)",null,"Zur Naturgeschichte des Pallas'schen Laubhähnchens,Phyllobasileus superciliosus","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/95/mode/1up","Corthylio"],["25310","species","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Corthylio calendula","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.337","Ruby-crowned Kinglet","Ruby-crowned Kinglet","Ruby-crowned Kinglet","2025-0324","Taxon <em>calendula </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Corthylio </em>based on pronounced differences in vocalizations (Päckert et al. 2003, 2009) and morphology from the species in <em>Regulus</em>, and the deep divergence revealed by mitochondrial DNA (Päckert et al. 2003, 2009) and genomic data (Oliveros et al. 2019).","breeds in coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forest and woodland from northern Alaska and northern Yukon (except the north slope) eastward to northern Labrador and Newfoundland (northeastern Canada), southward in western USA to southern California and New Mexico, eastward to western South Dakota and Nebraska, and northeastern USA (northern Minnesota to northern New York and Maine); winters in western and southeastern USA, southward to the Gulf of Mexico coast and southern Florida, and in Mexico southward to southern Baja California and Oaxaca; formerly Guadalupe Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712567","ruckin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruckin","avibase-B60B1166",null,null,"in Pennsylvania = Philadelphia, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1983, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 6, p. 541.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/341/mode/1up","Motacilla Calendula"],["25311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Corthylio calendula grinnelli","(Palmer, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.4 p.399-400",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal Alaska and British Columbia; winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64620182",null,null,"Sitka, Alaska.","The Sitkan Kinglet.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss4/10/","Regulus calendula grinnelli"],["25312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Corthylio calendula calendula","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and eastern Canada to northeastern USA; winters to Florida and Oaxaca (southern Mexico), rarely to northern West Indies and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BA2C358",null,null,"in Pennsylvania = Philadelphia, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1983, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 6, p. 541.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/341/mode/1up","Motacilla Calendula"],["25313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Corthylio calendula obscurus","(Ridgway, 1876)","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Guadalupe Island (off western Mexico); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-215D7FD4",null,null,"Guadeloupe (= Guadalupe) Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100255#page/254/mode/1up","Regulus calendula obscurus"],["25314","genus","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus","Cuvier, 1800","Leçons d'anatomie comparée 1 tab.2FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla regulus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Motacilla regulus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,null,"Regulus"],["25315","species","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus madeirensis","Harcourt, 1851","A sketch of Madeira; containing information for the traveller, or invalid visitor p.118","Madeira Firecrest","Madeira Firecrest","Madeira Firecrest",null,null,"Madeira (eastern Atlantic Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734358","firecr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/firecr3","avibase-C92557B8",null,null,"'laurel forests in the less frequented parts,' Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77975#page/144/mode/1up","Regulus Madeirensis"],["25316","species","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus ignicapilla","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.231","Common Firecrest","Common Firecrest","Common Firecrest",null,null,"England and western Europe to Mediterranean and eastward to Türkiye; in south to Morocco to northern Tunisia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735002","firecr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/firecr1","avibase-85B03849",null,null,"France, Belgium, Germany, etc.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/359/mode/1up","Sylvia ignicapilla"],["25317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus ignicapilla ignicapilla","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"western, central, and southern Europe and Asia Minor",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65E3777C",null,null,"France, Belgium, Germany, etc.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/359/mode/1up","Sylvia ignicapilla"],["25318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus ignicapilla caucasicus","Stepanyan, 1998","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 77 p.1078",null,null,null,null,null,"western Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57B9D0A9",null,null,"[Western Caucasus]","Regulus ignicapillus caucasicus Stepanyan subsp. n. (Regulidae, Aves) from the Western Caucasus.",null,"Regulus ignicapillus caucasicus"],["25319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus ignicapilla tauricus","Red'kin, 2001","Ornitologiya 29 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB0079D5",null,null,"[mountains of the Crimea]","A new subspecies of Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus (Temminck, 1820) (Regulidae, Passeriformes) from the mountains of the Crimea.",null,"Regulus ignicapillus tauricus"],["25320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus ignicapilla balearicus","Jordans, 1923","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 19, Sonderheft p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Balearic Islands and North Africa (Morocco to northern Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E21AEC5E",null,null,"Lluch, Mallorca.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/369/mode/1up","Regulus ignicapillus balearicus"],["25321","species","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus satrapa","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.35","Golden-crowned Kinglet","Golden-crowned Kinglet","Golden-crowned Kinglet",null,null,"breeds in mature coniferous and mixed forest from southwestern Alaska and southern Yukon eastward to Newfoundland (northwestern to northeastern Canada), southward to southern California and inland to western Colorado and western New Mexico, in east from Great Lakes region and southward in the Appalachians mountains to northeastern Georgia, and in the volcanic belt of central Mexico and in mountains of southeastern Mexico and southern Guatemala, with isolated breeding populations elsewhere in eastern USA; winters at lower elevations in southern Canada, most USA southward to far northern Baja California, northeastern Mexico, Gulf coast, and central Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712594","gockin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gockin","avibase-154BCCAE",null,null,"'Am. sept.' = North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/55/mode/1up","Regulus satrapa"],["25322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus satrapa olivaceus","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska to Oregon (west of Cascades); winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17318F4D",null,null,"'Puget Sound country (where it is found in winter), south to Fort Crook'; restricted to Simiahmoo, Washington, by Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 3, p. 704.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/77/mode/1up","Regulus satrapa var. olivaceus"],["25323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus satrapa apache","Jenks, 1936","The Condor 38, no.6 p.239",null,null,null,null,null,"interior Alaska through west-central Canada and west-central USA to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61A9D846",null,null,"McKay Peak, White Mountains, 8 miles southeast of McNary, Apache County, Arizona; altitude 9,100 feet.","A new race of Golden-crowned Kinglet from Arizona.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol38/iss6/5/","Regulus regulus apache"],["25324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus satrapa satrapa","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Labrador and Newfoundland to eastern USA; winters to Gulf Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99937EA6",null,null,"'Am. sept.' = North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/55/mode/1up","Regulus satrapa"],["25325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus satrapa aztecus","Lawrence, 1887","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 4, no.1-2 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Mexico (Michoacán to Hidalgo, Puebla, and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4734BBCE",null,null,"City of Mexico.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Sylviidae, Troglodytidae, and Tyrannidae. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109860#page/76/mode/1up","Regulus satrapa aztecus"],["25326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus satrapa clarus","Dearborn, 1907","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.3 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and southern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C118CBDD",null,null,"Sierra Santa Elena, near Tecpam (= Tecpan), Guatemala; altitude 9,500 feet.","Catalogue of a collection of birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20399#page/78/mode/1up","Regulus satrapa clarus"],["25327","species","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus goodfellowi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.122","Flamecrest","Flamecrest","Flamecrest",null,null,"montane forest of central Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22712580","flamec1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flamec1","avibase-367F4CFC",null,null,"Mt. Morrison, central Formosa; altitude 9,000-10,000 feet.","On new species from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/148/mode/1up","Regulus goodfellowi"],["25328","species","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188","Goldcrest","Goldcrest","Goldcrest",null,null,"breeds Europe from United Kingdom eastward through Sakhalin, in eastern Russia, and southward to Azores and Canary Islands, and Iberian Peninsula, eastward through northern Iran and the Himalayas to Japan; some winter to south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734997","goldcr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goldcr1","avibase-1C51C109",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 95.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Regulus"],["25329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus regulus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe to Türkiye and western Siberia; winters to Mediterranean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A31DA471",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 95.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Regulus"],["25330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus teneriffae","Seebohm, 1883","A history of British birds, with coloured illustrations of their eggs 1 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Canary Islands (La Gomera, Tenerife)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA11B7C3",null,null,"Canary Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/117550#page/487/mode/1up","Regulus teneriffae"],["25331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus ellenthalerae","Päckert, Dietzen, Martens et al., 2006","Journal of Avian Biology 37 364-380",null,null,null,null,null,"western Canary Islands (La Palma and El Hierro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4900028",null,null,"La Palma, Hoya Grande; Jan. 1905, R. v. Thanner","Radiation of Atlantic goldcrests Regulus regulus spp.: evidence of a new taxon from the Canary Islands","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03533.x","Regulus regulus ellenthalerae"],["25332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus azoricus","Seebohm, 1883","A history of British birds, with coloured illustrations of their eggs 1 p.454",null,null,null,null,null,"São Miguel Island (Azores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7E3CE55",null,null,"Azores; restricted to San (= Sao) Miguel by Murphy and Chapin, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 384, p. 14.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/117550#page/482/mode/1up","Regulus cristatus var. azoricus"],["25333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus sanctaemariae","Vaurie, 1954","American Museum Novitates no.1684 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Maria Island (Azores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-847C9DE9",null,null,"San Pedro, Santa Maria, Azores.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 8. Sylviinae : the Genus Regulus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4955/","Regulus regulus sanctae-mariae"],["25334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus inermis","Murphy & Chapin, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.384 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"western Azores (Flores, Faial, Pico, São Jorge, and Terciera)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C37040A4",null,null,"Pico Island, Azores.","A collection of Birds from the Azores.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3736/","Regulus regulus inermis"],["25335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus buturlini","Loudon, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 no.10 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Crimea, Caucasus, and Azerbaijan; winters to northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE72DB26",null,null,"Talysch (= Talish).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/174/mode/1up","Regulus regulus buturlini"],["25336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus hyrcanus","Zarudny, 1910","Nasha Okhota p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Türkiye (Elburz Mountains) to northern Iran (southern Caspian District)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24B8D7F6",null,null,"Elburz, northern Iran.",null,null,"Regulus regulus hyrcanus"],["25337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus coatsi","Sushkin, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Siberia to Altai Mountains; winters to southern Nan Shan Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3150D2A",null,null,"Jugi, western Sayans.","New birds from Palaearctic Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/526/mode/1up","Regulus cristatus coatsi"],["25338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus tristis","Pleske, 1892","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 35 p.146, 145 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of central Asia; winters to Transcaspia and western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-276588D5",null,null,"Orenburg, Transcaspia, Turkistan; restricted to Merv (= Mary), Transcaspia, by Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 302.",null,null,"Regulus tristis"],["25339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus himalayensis","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42, no.17 p.767",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Afghanistan to Pakistan and Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB94B672",null,null,"'les Monts Himalaya'; restricted to Kotgarh, Simla Hill States, by Deignan, 1956, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 76, p. 106; see also Vaurie, 1955, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 75, pp. 99-101.","Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux d'Asie et d'Amérique, et tableaux paralléliques des Pélagiens ou GAVIae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/777/mode/1up","Reg[ulus] himalayensis"],["25340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus sikkimensis","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to southeastern Tibet and western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33FE54E3",null,null,"Sikkim.","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Himalayas and Kashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/135/mode/1up","Regulus regulus sikkimensis"],["25341","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus yunnanensis","Rippon, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western China (southern Gansu and Shaanxi to Sichuan and Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43FBE3C4",null,null,"Yangtze River, western Yunnan.","On new species from Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/443/mode/1up","Regulus yunnanensis"],["25342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Regulidae","Kinglets","Regulus regulus japonensis","Blakiston, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern and eastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido southward to Shikoku)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B8C7509",null,null,"Hakodadi, Yesso (= Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/362/mode/1up","Regulus japonensis"],["25343","family","Passeriformes","Tichodromidae","Wallcreeper","Tichodromidae",null,null,"Wallcreeper","Wallcreeper","Wallcreeper","2025-1180a","<em>Tichodroma</em> is placed in the monotypic family Tichodromidae based on genomic (Oliveros et al. 2019) and multilocus DNA data (Imfeld et al. 2024) that consistently place it as sister to both Sittidae and Certhiidae.",null,null,null,null,"tichod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tichod1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25344","genus","Passeriformes","Tichodromidae","Wallcreeper","Tichodroma","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.210",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia muraria [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/234/mode/1up","Tichodroma"],["25345","species","Passeriformes","Tichodromidae","Wallcreeper","Tichodroma muraria","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.184","Wallcreeper","Wallcreeper","Wallcreeper",null,null,"breeds northern Spain and parts of southern France, through Central and Eastern Europe, Türkiye, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, northern Iran, the Himalayas and outlying ranges in Central Asia, northward to Mongolia, and eastward to central China; winters at lower elevations within the same range, with some dispersal southward and eastward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711234","wallcr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wallcr1","avibase-89C42590",null,null,"southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/188/mode/1up","Certhia muraria"],["25346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tichodromidae","Wallcreeper","Tichodroma muraria muraria","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe and southwestern Asia to northern and western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD4525E3",null,null,"southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/188/mode/1up","Certhia muraria"],["25347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Tichodromidae","Wallcreeper","Tichodroma muraria nepalensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Asia (Turkmenistan) and eastern Iran to China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAFCDADB",null,null,"central Asia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/359/mode/1up","Tichodroma nepalensis"],["25348","family","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sittidae",null,null,"Nuthatches","Nuthatches","Nuthatches",null,null,null,null,null,null,"sittid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sittid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25349","genus","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sitta europaea [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Sitta"],["25350","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta leucopsis","Gould, 1850","The birds of Asia 2 pt1 pl.46,text","White-cheeked Nuthatch","White-cheeked Nuthatch","White-cheeked Nuthatch",null,null,"Himalayas (northeastern Afghanistan to northwestern India and northwestern Nepal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103881719","whcnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcnut1","avibase-49E0ABDB",null,null,"interior northwestern Himalayas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118636#page/193/mode/1up","Sitta leucopsis"],["25351","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta przewalskii","Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891","Aves expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et confinia 1884-1887 p.119","Przevalski's Nuthatch","Przevalski's Nuthatch","Przevalski's Nuthatch",null,null,"western China (Qinghai to southern Sichuan, southwestern Gansu, northeastern Tibet, and Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103881940","prznut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prznut1","avibase-341E57F9",null,null,"Mindscheu District, upper Chuanche [= Hwang ho] , eastern Tsinghai, China.",null,null,"Sitta przewalskii"],["25352","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta magna","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.677 pl.63","Giant Nuthatch","Giant Nuthatch","Giant Nuthatch",null,null,"eastern Myanmar (southward from Mogok Hills, eastward from Menetaung Range and Kalaw, to Mt. Nattaung, in northern Kayin), southwestern China in far southern Sichuan (Yanyuan and Miyi), western and southern Yunnan (southward to Longpeng and southern Xishuangbanna) and far southwestern Guizhou (Xingyi, near Qianxinan), and northwestern Thailand",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711228","gianut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gianut1","avibase-C71B1D8A",null,null,"Karenni.","On an undescribed Species of Nuthatch and another Bird from Karen-nee.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/825/mode/1up","Sitta magna"],["25353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta magna magna","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.677 pl.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (western Yunnan) to southeastern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A9D02F9",null,null,"Karenni.","On an undescribed Species of Nuthatch and another Bird from Karen-nee.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/825/mode/1up","Sitta magna"],["25354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta magna ligea","Deignan, 1938","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 97, no.9 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (far southern Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan, and southwestern Guizhou)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C354FC1A",null,null,"Likiang, 8,200 ft., northwestern Yunnan.","A new Nuthatch from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35648#page/635/mode/1up","Sitta magna ligea"],["25355","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.262","White-breasted Nuthatch","White-breasted Nuthatch","White-breasted Nuthatch",null,null,"mature and mixed woodland from eastern British Columbia eastward to Nova Scotia (southwestern to southeastern Canada), southward to northern Baja California and disjunctly in far southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), in mountains of Mexico to northern Oaxaca, and to northern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711202","whbnut","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbnut","avibase-19CCBBD2",null,null,"in America, Jamaica; South Carolina (ex Catesby, 1731, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 22) accepted as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/284/mode/1up","Sitta carolinensis"],["25356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis aculeata","Cassin, 1856","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.5 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"western Washington to western Oregon (eastward to the west slope of the Cascades), California (eastward to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada), and northern Baja California (Sierra Juárez)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31D88695",null,null,"California; restricted to Monterey, California by Grinnell, 1932, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 38, p. 290.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/274/mode/1up","Sitta aculeata"],["25357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis alexandrae","Grinnell, 1926","University of California Publications in Zoology 21 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Baja California (San Pedro Mártir)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3C110EA",null,null,"near Arroyo La Encentada, 7,200 ft., 3 miles north of La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California.","A new race of the White-breasted Nuthatch from Lower California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93394#page/503/mode/1up","Sitta carolinensis alexandrae"],["25358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis tenuissima","Grinnell, 1918","The Condor 20, no.2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"British Columbia and Cascades to the east slope of the Sierra Nevada of northern California (southward to Tulare County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70597DCF",null,null,"Hanaupah Canyon, 8,700 ft., Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California.","Seven new or noteworthy birds from east-central California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol20/iss2/8/","Sitta carolinensis tenuissima"],["25359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis nelsoni","Mearns, 1902","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1274 p.923-926",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central and south-central USA southward to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-484B2FB3",null,null,"Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.","Descriptions of three new birds from the Southern United States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/1065/mode/1up","Sitta carolinensis nelsoni"],["25360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis mexicana","Nelson & Palmer, 1894","The Auk 11, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexico except northern and Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7E27E0A",null,null,"Mt. Orizaba, Puebla, Mexico.","Descriptions of five new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol11/iss1/6/","Sitta carolinensis mexicana"],["25361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis lagunae","Brewster, 1891","The Auk 8, no.2 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57FB9E18",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.","Descriptions of seven supposed new North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss2/2/","Sitta carolinensis lagunae"],["25362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta carolinensis carolinensis","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern North America to Dakotas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and eastern Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A45D521",null,null,"in America, Jamaica; South Carolina (ex Catesby, 1731, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 22) accepted as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/284/mode/1up","Sitta carolinensis"],["25363","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta formosa","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.938","Beautiful Nuthatch","Beautiful Nuthatch","Beautiful Nuthatch",null,null,"Sikkim and Bhutan to Yunnan, Myanmar, and northwestern Tonkin",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711231","beanut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beanut1","avibase-9867D23D",null,null,"Blyth).","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/454/mode/1up","Sitta formosa"],["25364","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta azurea","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.316","Blue Nuthatch","Blue Nuthatch","Blue Nuthatch",null,null,"montane far southern Thailand southward through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711225","blunut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blunut1","avibase-F2F45703",null,null,"no type locality; Mt. Ardjuno, eastern Java designated by Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 17.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/354/mode/1up","Sitta azurea"],["25365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta azurea expectata","(Hartert, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-914CF4D0",null,null,"Samangko Pass, 4,000 ft., Pahang, Malaya.","Description of a new Blue Nuthatch from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/64/mode/1up","Callisitta azurea expectata"],["25366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta azurea nigriventer","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29D9A951",null,null,"Mt. Cede, western Java.","On behalf of Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. B. Kloss, exhibition of types and descriptions of new species of Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/285/mode/1up","Poliositta azurea nigriventer"],["25367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta azurea azurea","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17FADF9A",null,null,"no type locality; Mt. Ardjuno, eastern Java designated by Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 17.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/354/mode/1up","Sitta azurea"],["25368","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta frontalis","Swainson, 1820","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1 pl.2,text","Velvet-fronted Nuthatch","Velvet-fronted Nuthatch","Velvet-fronted Nuthatch",null,null,"woodland of Peninsular India, Himalayas from Uttarakhand eastward through Yunnan to east-central China, southeastern Asia southward through the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Simeulue, Borneo including Maratua, Java, and the Palawan group of southwestern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711216","vefnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vefnut1","avibase-7A91853C",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/27/mode/1up","Sitta frontalis"],["25369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta frontalis frontalis","Swainson, 1820","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1 pl.2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"hill ranges of Peninsular India, Himalayan foothills from Uttarakhand eastward to northeastern India (southward from Assam and Nagaland), Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, southern China (southeastern Tibet, western, southern, and southeastern Yunnan, central and southern Guizhou, Guangxi, and west-central Guangdong in Ding Hu Shan), Myanmar, Thailand southward to Isthmus of Kra (except central plains and much of northeast), and Indochina; also recorded Hong Kong",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC672596",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/27/mode/1up","Sitta frontalis"],["25370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta frontalis saturatior","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula south of Isthmus of Kra (including Phuket, Penang, and Singapore), Lingga Archipelago, Sumatra (including Simeulue), and Bangka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD53BB5A",null,null,"Mt. Tahan, 4000-7000 ft., Pahang, Malay States.","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/639/mode/1up","Sitta frontalis saturatior"],["25371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta frontalis velata","Temminck, 1821","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.12, vol.4 pl.72 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BE58D75",null,null,"Java",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/137/mode/1up","Sitta velata"],["25372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta frontalis corallipes","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo including Maratua Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06645F83",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Diagnoses of some new Species of Birds obtained on the Mountain of Kina Balu by Mr. John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/507/mode/1up","Dendrophila corallipes"],["25373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta frontalis palawana","Hartert, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Palawan and Balabac)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFAB7C49",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","On three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/35/mode/1up","Sitta frontalis palawana"],["25374","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta solangiae","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.395","Yellow-billed Nuthatch","Yellow-billed Nuthatch","Yellow-billed Nuthatch",null,null,"northern Vietnam and Hainan (southeastern China) southward through southeastern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711219","yebnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebnut1","avibase-8B0CE251",null,null,"Loquiho, near Chapa, Tonkin.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Calositta solangiae"],["25375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta solangiae solangiae","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (Fan Si Pan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5279860",null,null,"Loquiho, near Chapa, Tonkin.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Calositta solangiae"],["25376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta solangiae fortior","Delacour & Greenway, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau) and adjacent Laos (Bolaven Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A51BCEDC",null,null,"Pics de Langbian, southern Annam.","Seven new Races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/163/mode/1up","Sitta solangiae fortior"],["25377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta solangiae chienfengensis","Cheng, Ting & Wang, 1964","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 1 no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-534EE01A",null,null,"Chieng-feng-ling, 750-800 m., Hainan.","A new subspecies of the Velvet-fronted Nuthatch from Hainan.","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122211156.pdf","Sitta frontalis chienfengensis"],["25378","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta oenochlamys","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.338 pl.53 fig.3","Sulphur-billed Nuthatch","Sulphur-billed Nuthatch","Sulphur-billed Nuthatch",null,null,"Philippines (except Mindoro, Palawan group, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711222","subnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subnut1","avibase-32983F3A",null,null,"Guimaras, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/460/mode/1up","Dendrophila oenochlamys"],["25379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta oenochlamys mesoleuca","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Philippines (cordillera of northwestern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7012E2D1",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Dendrophila mesoleuca"],["25380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta oenochlamys isarog","Rand & Rabor, 1967","Fieldiana Zoology 51 no.6 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (southern and central Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD352383",null,null,"Mount Isarog, at 3500 feet alt., Curry, Pili, Camarines Sur, Luzon [Philippines]","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/11/mode/1up","Sitta frontalis isarog"],["25381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta oenochlamys oenochlamys","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.338 pl.53 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Philippines (Cebu, Guimaras, Panay, and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F81D43AA",null,null,"Guimaras, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/460/mode/1up","Dendrophila oenochlamys"],["25382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta oenochlamys lilacea","(Whitehead, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Philippines (Samar, Leyte, and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19470E2D",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/409/mode/1up","Dendrophila lilacea"],["25383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta oenochlamys zamboanga","Rand & Rabor, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 42 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (western Mindanao, Basilan, and East Bolod)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F0E4DFF",null,null,"Napangan, 5,500-6,200 ft., Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/9/mode/1up","Sitta frontalis zamboanga"],["25384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta oenochlamys apo","(Hachisuka, 1930)","Contributions to the birds of the Philippines no.2 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (eastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BC49370",null,null,"Mt. Apo, Mindanao.",null,null,"Callisitta frontalis apo"],["25385","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pygmaea","Vigors, 1839","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.25 pl.IV","Pygmy Nuthatch","Pygmy Nuthatch","Pygmy Nuthatch",null,null,"pine forest, especially ponderosa, from southern British Columbia (southwestern Canada) southward on Pacific coast of California, and patchily across interior western and west-central USA to northern Baja California, southward in the volcanic belt to Puebla and adjacent Veracruz (south-central Mexico), and eastward to southwestern South Dakota and western Texas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711170","pygnut","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygnut","avibase-BD0914CB",null,null,"Monterey, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/67/mode/1up","Sitta pygmaea"],["25386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pygmaea melanotis","Van Rossem, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.20 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada and mountains of western and west-central USA southward to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8885F441",null,null,"Chiracahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona.","The races of Sitta pygmaea Vigors.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/210/mode/1up","Sitta pygmaea melanotis"],["25387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pygmaea pygmaea","Vigors, 1839","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.25 pl.IV",null,null,null,null,null,"western California (Mendocino County to San Luis Obispo County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17EE0D46",null,null,"Monterey, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/67/mode/1up","Sitta pygmaea"],["25388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pygmaea leuconucha","Anthony, 1889","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California (San Jacinto and Laguna mountains) to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A35AE729",null,null,"San Pedro Martir Mountains, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31479#page/87/mode/1up","Sitta pygmaea leuconucha"],["25389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pygmaea brunnescens","Norris, 1958","University of California Publications in Zoology 56 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (southern Jalisco and Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64F52535",null,null,"Sierra de Tapalpa, 15 miles west of Sayula, 7,450 ft., Jalisco, Mexico.","Comparative biosystematics and life history of the Nuthatches Sitta pygmaea and Sitta pusilla.",null,"Sitta pygmaea brunnescens"],["25390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pygmaea flavinucha","Van Rossem, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"western Veracruz (Mount Orizaba) to western Puebla, Morelos, and México",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E847E8AA",null,null,"Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico.","Four new races of Sittidae and Certhidae from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/27/mode/1up","Sitta pygmaea flavinucha"],["25391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pygmaea elii","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southwestern Nuevo León and southeastern Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BCA683C",null,null,"Mesa de San Antonio de la Alazansa, Se Coahuila, Mexico",null,null,"Sitta pygmaea elii"],["25392","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta pusilla","Latham, 1790","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.263","Brown-headed Nuthatch","Brown-headed Nuthatch","Brown-headed Nuthatch",null,null,"pine forest of southeastern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103881613","bnhnut","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnhnut","avibase-AD7F307B",null,null,"Carolina, Jamaica [= South Carolina, fide Wayne, 1917, Contr. Charleston Mus., no. 3, p. 8].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/285/mode/1up","Sitta pusilla"],["25393","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta insularis","Bond, 1931","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.389","Bahama Nuthatch","Bahama Nuthatch","Bahama Nuthatch",null,null,"Grand Bahama Island; now critically endangered or extinct",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103881687","bnhnut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnhnut2","avibase-71CBBD81",null,null,"Grand Bahama Island.","A new Nuthatch from the island of Grand Bahama.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064106","Sitta pusilla insularis"],["25394","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta yunnanensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.37","Yunnan Nuthatch","Yunnan Nuthatch","Yunnan Nuthatch",null,null,"mountains of western Sichuan to western Yunnan, southeastern Tibet, and northwestern Guizhou",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711192","yunnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yunnut1","avibase-103FF2D9",null,null,"near Wei Yuan, southern Yunnan.","[Description of new species from Southern China].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/69/mode/1up","Sitta yunnanensis"],["25395","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta krueperi","Pelzeln, 1863","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 48 p.149","Krüper's Nuthatch","Krüper's Nuthatch","Krueper's Nuthatch",null,null,"pine, cedar and juniper forest of Türkiye to Caucasus Mountains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711184","krunut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/krunut1","avibase-E29D7FB9",null,null,"Smyrna.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30213#page/189/mode/1up","Sitta Krüperi"],["25396","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta ledanti","Vielliard, 1976","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 44 p.351","Algerian Nuthatch","Algerian Nuthatch","Algerian Nuthatch",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane relict stands of oak forest with epiphytic mosses, and cedar-fir forest, in highlands of northeastern Algeria",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711179","algnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/algnut1","avibase-5415A0C3",null,null,"Djebel Babor (Petite Kabylie, Algeria), altitude c. 1980 meters","La Sitelle kabyle.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1976_T044_N003","Sitta ledanti"],["25397","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta canadensis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.177","Red-breasted Nuthatch","Red-breasted Nuthatch","Red-breasted Nuthatch",null,null,"coniferous forest of North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711196","rebnut","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebnut","avibase-0716A71C",null,null,"Canada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/181/mode/1up","Sitta canadensis"],["25398","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta whiteheadi","Sharpe, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.2 p.233,414 pl.36","Corsican Nuthatch","Corsican Nuthatch","Corsican Nuthatch",null,null,"montane pine forest of Corsica",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711176","cornut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cornut1","avibase-7FD1FB23",null,null,"mountains of Corsica.","On an apparently new Species of European Nuthatch.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/307/mode/1up","Sitta whiteheadi"],["25399","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta villosa","Verreaux, 1865","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.4 p.78 pl.5 fig.1","Chinese Nuthatch","Snowy-browed Nuthatch","Snowy-browed Nuthatch",null,null,"foothill to submontane coniferous forest, relict plateau larch forest, and pine plantations, from north-central China eastward to Ussuriland and Sakhalin (Russia) and North Korea; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711188","snbnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snbnut1","avibase-CEB2041A",null,null,"Chine au Nord de Pekin.","Rapport sur quelques acquisitions nouvelles faites par la Galerie ornithologique du Muséum adressé à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-administrateurs, le 17 octobre 1865.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/406/mode/1up","Sitta villosa"],["25400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta villosa bangsi","Stresemann, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Qinghai, adjacent central and southern Gansu, far northern Sichuan, and western Ningxia (north-central China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-512DEEE4",null,null,"Dschu lin Kou Gorge, southern Tatung Range, northern Kansu [=northeastern Tsinghai] .","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu III.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0074-0075.pdf","Sitta canadensis bangsi"],["25401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta villosa villosa","Verreaux, 1865","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.4 p.78 pl.5 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ningxia eastward through northern Liaoning, southward to mountains north of Beidaihe and Beijing (north-central to north-eastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B53FB01B",null,null,"Chine au Nord de Pekin.","Rapport sur quelques acquisitions nouvelles faites par la Galerie ornithologique du Muséum adressé à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-administrateurs, le 17 octobre 1865.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/406/mode/1up","Sitta villosa"],["25402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta villosa corea","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Russian Far East, North Korea, and northeastern China (southern Heilongjiang, southern Jilin, and southern Liaoning)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CAED64E",null,null,"Min-gyong, 110 miles southeast of Seoul, Korea.","On a new species of Nuthatch from Corea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/113/mode/1up","Sitta corea"],["25403","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta neumayer","Michahelles, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 8 col.814","Western Rock Nuthatch","Western Rock Nuthatch","Western Rock Nuthatch",null,null,"foothill to submontane rocky maquis, arid cliffs and gorges, old buildings, and ancient ruins, from Balkans and Greece eastward through Türkiye to Caucasus and northern Iran, and southward to Levant and to southwestern Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711205","rocnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocnut1","avibase-C37C527F",null,null,"Ragusa [= Dubrovnic] , Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/429/mode/1up","Sitta neumayer"],["25404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta neumayer neumayer","Michahelles, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 8 col.814",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe and Türkiye eastward to northern Iran and northern Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D0F886",null,null,"Ragusa [= Dubrovnic] , Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/429/mode/1up","Sitta neumayer"],["25405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta neumayer tschitscherini","Zarudny, 1904","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"western and west-central Iran in Zagros Mountains (from Kermanshah southeastward to Fars) and mountains south of Qom (southeastward to Anarak Massif)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55A34EAC",null,null,"Isfahan, Iran.","Über neue Arten und Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/250/mode/1up","Sitta tschitscherini"],["25406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta neumayer plumbea","Koelz, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1452 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Iran (mountains of southern Kerman)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-324BA4BB",null,null,"Guragan, near Masghun, Kuh i Jamal Range, southwest of Bham, Kirman, southeastern Iran.","New subspecies of birds from southwerstern Asia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4237/","Sitta neumayer plumbea"],["25407","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta tephronota","Sharpe, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.60 p.450","Eastern Rock Nuthatch","Eastern Rock Nuthatch","Eastern Rock Nuthatch",null,null,"foothill to montane rocky slopes, cliffs and gorges, open juniper or oak woodland, and villages, from eastern Türkiye eastward to southern Kazakhstan, and southward to southern Iran and western Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711211","pernut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pernut1","avibase-102758DF",null,null,"Kokand, Fergana, Uzbeck, S.S.R.","LXVII. Description of some new Species of Birds in the National Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/464/mode/1up","Sitta tephronota"],["25408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta tephronota obscura","Zarudny & Loudon, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Türkiye (upper Aras Valley), southern Armenia, southern Azerbaijan, and northern, west-central, and southern Iran (eastward in Elburz Mountains to northern Khorasan; also mountains in Qom, Anarak Massif, and Yazd eastward to Jebal Barez; also Baluchistan and Sistan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E77C9AA7",null,null,"mountains between the Caspian and the Sawa River Valley [= Elburz] , also Persian Baluchistan and central Iranian plateau.","Vorläufige Beschreibung zweier ornithologischen Neuheiten aus West-Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/90/mode/1up","Sitta syriaca obscura"],["25409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta tephronota dresseri","Zarudny & Buturlin, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Türkiye (from Gaziantep) eastward locally to Iranian Azerbaijan, southward to northern Iraq (Kurdistan) and western Iran (southward in Zagros Mountains to Fars and eastward to Hamadan and Esfahan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C22AAB6",null,null,"no locality ; Shiraz, Fars, southern Iran, designated by Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 533.","Sitta dresseri spec. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/146/mode/1up","Sitta dresseri"],["25410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta tephronota tephronota","Sharpe, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.60 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Turkmenistan (Kugitangtau Mountains, Karabil’ Plateau), southern Uzbekistan, and southeastern Kazakhstan southward in mountains to northeastern Iran (northern Khorasan), Afghanistan, and western Pakistan (southern Waziristan southward to northern Baluchistan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F5C321A",null,null,"Kokand, Fergana, Uzbeck, S.S.R.","LXVII. Description of some new Species of Birds in the National Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/464/mode/1up","Sitta tephronota"],["25411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta tephronota iranica","(Buturlin, 1916)","Trudy Imperatorskago Petrogradskago Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei 44, livr.2 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Turkmenistan and northeastern Iran, also central Uzbekistan (isolated mountains in central Kyzylkum Desert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72A1B12F",null,null,"Persian-Transcaspian border, northeastern Iran.","Kratkii obzor semeistva popolznei (Sittidae). Trudi Petrogradskogo obshchestva estestvoispitatelei.",null,"Rupisitta tephronota iranica"],["25412","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta arctica","Buturlin, 1907","Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota Venev 13 (6) p.87","Siberian Nuthatch","Siberian Nuthatch","Siberian Nuthatch","2025-0704","Taxon <em>arctica </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Sitta europaea</em> based on genetics (Zink et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2020) and morphology (Red’kin &amp; Konovalova 2006). Both mitochondrial DNA and multilocus datasets show <em>arctica</em> to be basal to the major Eurasian and Sino-Himalayan clades of nuthatches.","north-central Siberia to Anadyr River (eastern Russia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735379","eurnut6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurnut6","avibase-B6B17E4A",null,null,"Verkoyansk, eastern Siberia.","Interesnii nakhodki.",null,"Sitta arctica"],["25413","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta himalayensis","Jardine & Selby, 1835","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.10 pl.144, with text","White-tailed Nuthatch","White-tailed Nuthatch","White-tailed Nuthatch",null,null,"Himalayas from northern India to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711164","whtnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtnut1","avibase-26FFF238",null,null,"Himalayan district of India ; restricted to Simla by Meinertzhagen, 1927, Ibis, p. 410.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/393/mode/1up","Sitta himalayensis"],["25414","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta victoriae","Rippon, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.84","White-browed Nuthatch","White-browed Nuthatch","White-browed Nuthatch",null,null,"montane forest of southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711167","whbnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbnut1","avibase-D966EFC2",null,null,"Mt. Victoria.","On new species of birds from the Southern Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/572/mode/1up","Sitta victoriae"],["25415","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115","Eurasian Nuthatch","Eurasian Nuthatch","Eurasian Nuthatch","2025-0704","Taxon <em>arctica </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Sitta europaea</em> based on genetics (Zink et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2020) and morphology (Red’kin &amp; Konovalova 2006). Both mitochondrial DNA and multilocus datasets show <em>arctica</em> to be basal to the major Eurasian and Sino-Himalayan clades of nuthatches.","British Isles and southern Scandinavia to northwestern Africa, eastward to Kamchatka and southward through Middle East and to eastern China and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879804","eurnut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurnut2","avibase-9C2B53A0",null,null,"Europae, Americae; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 329.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Sitta europaea"],["25416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea sinensis","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB6D3D18",null,null,"Kiukiang accepted as restricted type locality, vide Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, Vögel Pal. Fauna, Ergänzungsb., p. 168.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/336/mode/1up","Sitta sinensis"],["25417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea formosana","Buturlin, 1911","Nasha Okhota Kn. 8 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60E4837D",null,null,"Formosa.","Interesnii nakhodki.",null,"Sitta formosana"],["25418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea asiatica","Gould, 1835","The birds of Europe 3 pl.236",null,null,null,null,null,"central Russia eastward to the western shore of Lake Baikal, and southward to Kazakhstan and western Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2047A496",null,null,"Russia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133913#page/359/mode/1up","Sitta asiatica"],["25419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea seorsa","Portenko, 1955","Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 18 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern China (eastern Tian Shan Mountains of northern Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FD91759",null,null,"Tymerty River, eastern Tian Shan.","New subspecies of Passeriformes.",null,"Sitta europaea seorsa"],["25420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea baicalensis","Taczanowski, 1882","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 7ème vol. p.386,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia, from region south and east of Lake Baikal, eastward to the Sea of Okhotsk and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0894BE3D",null,null,"Irkoutsk, lac Baical et la Daourie [= Darasun, Transbaicalia, fide Sztolcman and Domanewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 162].","Liste des oiseaux recueillis par le Dr Dybowski au Kamtschatka et dans les Iles Comandores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42167#page/408/mode/1up","Sitta baicalensis"],["25421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea albifrons","Taczanowski, 1882","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 7ème vol. p.385-386",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Russia (southern Koryak highlands and the Kamchatka Peninsula) and northern Kuril Islands (Paramushir)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA8FB47F",null,null,"Kamchatka.","Liste des oiseaux recueillis par le Dr Dybowski au Kamtschatka et dans les Iles Comandores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42167#page/407/mode/1up","Sitta albifrons"],["25422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea takatsukasai","Momiyama, 1931","Kaidori 2, no.8 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kuril Islands (Iturup and Urup)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-685A09DD",null,null,"Urup and Etorup, southern Kurile Islands.","[The Sittidae or Family of Nuthatches.]",null,"Sitta europaea takatsukasae"],["25423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea sakhalinensis","Buturlin, 1916","Trudy Imperatorskago Petrogradskago Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei 44, livr.2 p.158 (russe), 170 (anglais)",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin (Russia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D31BCC0C",null,null,"Sakhalin Island.","Kratkii obzor semeistva popolznei (Sittidae). Trudi Petrogradskogo obshchestva estestvoispitatelei.",null,"Sitta europaea sakhalinensis"],["25424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea clara","Stejneger, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.578 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kuril Islands (Kunashir and Shikotan) and northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E50DB3AC",null,null,"Sapporo, Hokkaido.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/406/mode/1up","Sitta amurensis clara"],["25425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea amurensis","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Russia to northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Honshu (northern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-359B4AF0",null,null,"Amoorland and, in winter, south to Peking.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/446/mode/1up","Sitta amurensis"],["25426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea bedfordi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Jeju Island (Korea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A9AA945",null,null,"Quelpart Island.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Nuthatch from the Island of Quelpart.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/431/mode/1up","Sitta bedfordi"],["25427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea hondoensis","Buturlin, 1916","Trudy Imperatorskago Petrogradskago Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei 44, livr.2 p.145-173",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and northern Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA8764FA",null,null,"Japan",null,null,"Sitta europaea hondoensis"],["25428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea roseilia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Japan (southern Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB75C9F6",null,null,"Japan, restricted to Hiuga, Kyushu, by Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlist Japanese Birds, p. 34.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/363/mode/1up","Sitta roseilia"],["25429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea caesia","Wolf, 1810","Taschenbuch der deutschen Vögelkunde, oder kurze Beschreibung aller Vögel Deutschlands 1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Britain to Denmark, Carpathian Mountains, Pyrenees, and Balkan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-201BC93B",null,null,"Thuringia, Franconia, etc. [= Nurenberg, Bavaria, fide Stresemann, 1920, Avifauna Macedonica, p. 90] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/134309#page/186/mode/1up","Sitta caesia"],["25430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea europaea","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia and Russia to Volga and Vyatka basins and Ukraine",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8FA9AB6",null,null,"Europae, Americae; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 329.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/133/mode/1up","Sitta europaea"],["25431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea cisalpina","Sachtleben, 1919","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.2 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Switzerland (south of the Alps), mainland Italy, Sicily, and western coastal Balkans, southward to southwestern Montenegro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D47A831B",null,null,"Ariccia, near Rome.","Sitta europaea cisalpina subsp. n..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/19/mode/1up","Sitta europaea cisalpina"],["25432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea hispaniensis","Witherby, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Portugal, Spain, and northern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62A664B2",null,null,"Spain and Portugal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/104/mode/1up","Sitta europaea hispaniensis"],["25433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea levantina","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Türkiye (eastward to Euphrates River) and Levant",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8E5BB41",null,null,"Taurus, Asia Minor, and forested parts of Galilee, Palestine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/407/mode/1up","Sitta europaea levantina"],["25434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea caucasica","Reichenow, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern Türkiye, Caucasus region, and Transcaucasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47FD7858",null,null,"Nalchik, northern Caucasus.","Sitta caesia caucasica Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/71/mode/1up","Sitta caesia caucasica"],["25435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea persica","Witherby, 1903","Ibis ser.8, vol.3, no.12 p.531-532",null,null,null,null,null,"Zagros Mountains (southwestern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB1D4662",null,null,"oak woods of southwestern Persia.","An Ornithological Journey in Fars, South-west Persia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54774#page/595/mode/1up","Sitta europaea persica"],["25436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta europaea rubiginosa","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen & Zarudny, 1905","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 16 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Transcaucasia (Talyshskiye and Gory mountains) to northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04C70FE2",null,null,"Astrabad, Iran.","Über palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209442#page/166/mode/1up","Sitta europaea rubiginosa"],["25437","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta nagaensis","Godwin-Austen, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.44","Chestnut-vented Nuthatch","Chestnut-vented Nuthatch","Chestnut-vented Nuthatch",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf evergreen and oak forest, pine or spruce forest, and fir and rhododendron forest, from southern China southward to eastern India and adjacent western Myanmar, western Thailand, and northwestern Vietnam, and disjunctly in southeastern China, southern Laos, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711155","chvnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chvnut1","avibase-12968248",null,null,"Naga Hills, Burma.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/92/mode/1up","Sitta nagaensis"],["25438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta nagaensis montium","La Touche, 1899","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.19 p.404,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern China (southeastern Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and far southwestern Guizhou; isolated population in higher mountains of northwestern Fujian), northern Laos, northwestern Vietnam (western Tonkin), far northeastern India (northeastern Arunachal Pradesh), eastern Myanmar (northern Kachin southward to Southern Shan State), and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E502B748",null,null,"Kuatun, northwestern Fukien.","Notes on the Birds of North-west Fohkien. [Continued from p. 210.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/456/mode/1up","Sitta montium"],["25439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta nagaensis nagaensis","Godwin-Austen, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Patkai Range of southeastern Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Cachar Hills of southern Assam and the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya) and western Myanmar (northern Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7C4170A",null,null,"Naga Hills, Burma.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/92/mode/1up","Sitta nagaensis"],["25440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta nagaensis grisiventris","Kinnear, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria, and possibly also other mountains of the central and southern Chin Hills), southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau), and southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau southward to M'neun Pantar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-451AC652",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Nuthatch from the Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/410/mode/1up","Sitta europaea grisiventris"],["25441","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta cashmirensis","Brooks, 1871","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9 p.209","Kashmir Nuthatch","Kashmir Nuthatch","Kashmir Nuthatch",null,null,"mountains of northeastern Afghanistan to northern Pakistan, northwestern India, and northwestern Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711158","kasnut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kasnut1","avibase-C7F955AB",null,null,"Kashmir.","Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/255/mode/1up","Sitta cashmirensis"],["25442","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta castanea","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.316","Indian Nuthatch","Indian Nuthatch","Indian Nuthatch",null,null,"foothills of northern and central India (Western Ghats)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103880076","chbnut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbnut2","avibase-434FA927",null,null,"no locality; Bengal, fide Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 559.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/354/mode/1up","Sitta castanea"],["25443","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta neglecta","Walden, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.27 p.218","Burmese Nuthatch","Burmese Nuthatch","Burmese Nuthatch",null,null,"Myanmar to southeastern Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103880163","chbnut4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbnut4","avibase-23F3AE9C",null,null,"Karen Hills, Tonghoo District, Burma.","XXII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from Southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/232/mode/1up","Sitta neglecta"],["25444","species","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta cinnamoventris","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.459,text","Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch","Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch","Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch",null,null,"foothill to montane open pine or deciduous forest, locally broadleaf evergreen forest, and bamboo thickets, from northeastern Pakistan and northern India eastward through Himalayas to southern China and northern Vietnam, and southward to eastern India and adjacent Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103880146","chbnut3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbnut3","avibase-DB238042",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/511/mode/1up","Sitta cinnamoventris"],["25445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta cinnamoventris almorae","Kinnear & Whistler, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of western and central Himalayas in Pakistan (Murree Hills and Azad Kashmir) and from northern India (Uttarakhand) to east-central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-945E6B1C",null,null,"Valley of Ramgana between Almora and Pethora, India.","Description of a new subspecies of Nuthatch.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/59/mode/1up","Sitta castaneoventris almorae"],["25446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta cinnamoventris cinnamoventris","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.459,text",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills from east-central Nepal eastward to northeastern India (northern West Bengal and most of Arunachal Pradesh, also hills of Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram), southeastern Bangladesh (Chittagong Hills), northeastern Myanmar (southward to about Myitkyina), and southern China (Yingjiang River, in far western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72F2D978",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/511/mode/1up","Sitta cinnamoventris"],["25447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta cinnamoventris koelzi","Vaurie, 1950","American Museum Novitates no.1472 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India from southeastern Arunachal Pradesh (Patkai Range) southward to Nagaland and southern Assam (northern Cachar), and adjacent northwestern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8741FE9",null,null,"Patkai Hills, Burma.","Notes on some Asiatic nuthatches and creepers.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4241/","Sitta europaea koelzi"],["25448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sittidae","Nuthatches","Sitta cinnamoventris tonkinensis","Kinnear, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan), northwestern Vietnam (including Cha Pa, Na Hang, and Muong Moun), northern Laos (southward to at least Nape), and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65F6753D",null,null,"Nape, Laos.","Description of a new race of Nuthatch.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/105/mode/1up","Sitta castanea tonkinensis"],["25449","family","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornithidae",null,null,"Spotted Creepers","Spotted Creepers","Spotted Creepers","2025-1180b","<em>Salpornis </em>is placed in the monotypic family Salpornithidae based on genomic (Oliveros et al. 2019) and multilocus DNA data (Imfeld et al. 2024). Although recovered as sister to Certhiidae, with which it shares behavioral similarities, the divergence is deeper than between other recognized families in Certhiodea.",null,null,null,null,"spocre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spocre4/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25450","genus","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis","Gray, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.15, no.168 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhia spilonota [Franklin, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/509/mode/1up","Salpornis"],["25451","species","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis spilonota","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.121","Indian Spotted Creeper","Indian Spotted Creeper","Indian Spotted Creeper",null,null,"west-central India (central and southeastern Rajasthan), eastern Gujarat and southern Haryana eastward to northern Uttar Pradesh and northern Bihar, southward to eastern Maharashtra, northern Andhra Pradesh, and southeastern Madhya Pradesh); also Goa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103882026","spocre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spocre3","avibase-0B9E1A38",null,null,"between Calcutta and Benares.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/135/mode/1up","Certhia spilonota"],["25452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis spilonota rajputanae","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central India (central and southeastern Rajasthan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89156822",null,null,"Sambhur, Rajputana.","Descriptions of six new races of birds from India and the Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/121/mode/1up","Salpornis spilonotus rajputanae"],["25453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis spilonota spilonota","(Franklin, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.10 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"India from eastern Gujarat and southern Haryana eastward to northern Uttar Pradesh and northern Bihar, southward to eastern Maharashtra, northern Andhra Pradesh, and southeastern Madhya Pradesh); also Goa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E407181",null,null,"between Calcutta and Benares.","Catalogue of the Birds (systematically arranged) which were collected on the Ganges between Calcutta and Benares, and in the Vindhyian hills, between the latter place and Gurrah Mundela, on the Nerbudda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/135/mode/1up","Certhia spilonota"],["25454","species","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis salvadori","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.198","African Spotted Creeper","African Spotted Creeper","African Spotted Creeper",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane wooded savanna, miombo woodland, and juniper forest, from western Guinea eastward across the Sahel to Ethiopia, southward through northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kenya to southern Tanzania, and from central Angola eastward to northern Mozambique, thence southward to eastern Zimbabwe; some seasonal wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103882123","spocre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spocre2","avibase-A51A5F84",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/223/mode/1up","Hylypsornis salvadori"],["25455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis salvadori emini","Hartlaub, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3 p.415, pl. XXXVII",null,null,null,null,null,"western Guinea, northern Sierra Leone, far southern Mali and northern Ivory Coast eastward to Nigeria, northern Cameroon, southern Chad (southward from Azoum/Chari confluence) and northern Central African Republic; also southern South Sudan, adjacent northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (northeastern Uele), and formerly far northwestern Uganda (Arua district; rare in Gambia and southeastern Senegal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94BF4E8A",null,null,"Langomeri, Northern Province, Uganda.","On a new Species of Salpornis from Eastern Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/521/mode/1up","Salpornis emini"],["25456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis salvadori erlangeri","Neumann, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"western and south-central Ethiopian highlands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE526EB2",null,null,"Anderatscha, Kaffa.","Ein neuer Salpornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/70/mode/1up","Salpornis spilonota erlangeri"],["25457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis salvadori salvadori","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Uganda and adjacent highlands of western Kenya; also central Angola, southern and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, most of Zambia, northeastern, western, and southern Tanzania (southward from southeast of Lake Victoria in the west and from Songea and Liwale in the southeast), Malawi, and northern Mozambique (southward to Zambezi River); recorded also far northern Botswana (Kasane)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED26814",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/223/mode/1up","Hylypsornis salvadori"],["25458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Salpornithidae","Spotted Creepers","Salpornis salvadori xylodromus","Clancey, 1975","Durban Museum Novitates 10 (14) p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Zimbabwe (Zambezi Escarpment and Mashonaland Plateau) and adjacent Mozambique (Manica plateau southward to Save River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-795FFA9A",null,null,"Charama section of the Mafungabusi Plateau, upper Sengwa R., Gokwa district, Rhodesia at 18 10'S, 28 28'E","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 41. The austral African races of Salpornis spilonotus (Franklin).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2038","Salpornis spilonotus xylodromus"],["25459","family","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhiidae",null,null,"Treecreepers","Treecreepers","Treecreepers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"certhi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/certhi2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25460","genus","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia familiaris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Certhia"],["25461","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia hodgsoni","Brooks, 1871","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9 p.209","Hodgson's Treecreeper","Hodgson's Treecreeper","Hodgson's Treecreeper",null,null,"submontane to montane coniferous forest, and mixed deciduous-rhododendron woodland, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to Tibet and south-central China; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734633","eurtre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurtre3","avibase-42A2C710",null,null,"Kashmir.","Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/255/mode/1up","Certhia Hodgsoni"],["25462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia hodgsoni hodgsoni","Brooks, 1871","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas in Pakistan (Hazara, Indus Kohistan, and Gilgit), Kashmir, and northwestern India (eastward to Lahul, in Himachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFFD80C6",null,null,"Kashmir.","Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/255/mode/1up","Certhia Hodgsoni"],["25463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia hodgsoni mandellii","Brooks, 1874","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 42, pt.2, no.4 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"central Himalayas of northern India from Himachal Pradesh (from Kulu) eastward, including Nepal and Bhutan, to far western Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13CC9AF2",null,null,"Sikkim.","Notes on the Certhiinae of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110099#page/297/mode/1up","Certhia Mandellii"],["25464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia hodgsoni khamensis","Bianchi, 1903","A hand-list of the genera and species of birds 4 p.355,360",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China from southern Gansu (southern flanks of Qinling Mountains) southward to southern and southeastern Tibet, Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan (Lijiang Range and Nu Shan), and presumably northeastern India (in Pachakshiri region of Arunachal Pradesh); one June record from northeastern Myanmar (Adung Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17A4BAF4",null,null,"Kansu, etc. ; restricted to upper Mekong River in Kham [= central Sikang] by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 321.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116877#page/378/mode/1up","Certhia khamensis"],["25465","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118","Eurasian Treecreeper","Eurasian Treecreeper","Eurasian Treecreeper",null,null,"lowland to submontane deciduous and coniferous forest, riparian woodland, well-wooded farmland, and parks, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Ussuriland and Sakhalin (Russia), and southward to Mediterranean Europe, Caucasus, northern China, and Japan (to Kyushu); some northern populations disperse southward post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735060","eurtre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurtre1","avibase-73BE9A87",null,null,"'m Europae arboribus reptans' ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 317.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris"],["25466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris britannica","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.270 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"the British Isles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6078AF0E",null,null,"England ; restricted to Mottisfont, Hampshire, by Meinertzhagen, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 26.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/143/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris brittanica"],["25467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris macrodactyla","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"western Europe, eastward to Oder River, Hungary, and northwestern Balkans",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BD3FD91",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/240/mode/1up","Certhia macrodactyla"],["25468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris corsa","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 3 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10738BC5",null,null,"Corsica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/394/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris corsa"],["25469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris familiaris","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Scandinavia and eastern Europe to western Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB60440C",null,null,"'m Europae arboribus reptans' ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 317.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris"],["25470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris daurica","Domaniewski, 1922","Disciplinarum Biologicarum Archivum Societatis Scientiarum Varsoviensis 1 fasc.10 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Siberia and northern Kazakhstan eastward to southeastern Siberia, northern Japan, Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7A1A160",null,null,"Darasun, Transbaicalia.","Notes critiques sur les représentants paléarctiques du genre Certhia Linn..",null,"Certhia familiaris daurica"],["25471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris caucasica","Buturlin, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Türkiye eastward through the Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43A3797F",null,null,"Caucasus, Transcaucasia.","Neue Formen aus dem Kaukasus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/26/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris caucasica"],["25472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris persica","Zarudny & Loudon, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Azerbaijan and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-114CA515",null,null,"Mesopotamia, Zagros, and Baluchistan Districts.","Vorläufige Bemerkungen über drei ornithologische Neuheiten aus Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/120/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris persica"],["25473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris bianchii","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 3 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central China (eastern Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Shanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A452E29",null,null,"southern Tatung Mountains, Kansu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/395/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris bianchii"],["25474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris tianschanica","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 3 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"Tian Shan Mountains (Kazakhstan) to northwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F9AECE0",null,null,"Ak-Su, southern Tian Shan [= Aqsu ( ? river or town) , Sinkiang, fide Vaurie, 1959] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/395/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris tianschanica"],["25475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia familiaris japonica","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8971158",null,null,"Iwaki, northern Hondo.","Notes on palaearctic birds and allied forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/154/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris japonica"],["25476","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia brachydactyla","Brehm, 1820","Beiträge zur Vögelkunde in vollständigen Beschreibungen mehrerer neu Entdeckter und vieler seltener, oder nicht gehörig beobachteter deutscher Vögel 1 p.570, 579","Short-toed Treecreeper","Short-toed Treecreeper","Short-toed Treecreeper",null,null,"lowland to submontane broadleaf deciduous woodland, pine or juniper forest, riverine woodland, and parks, from continental Europe eastward to western Ukraine, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, including Crete and Cyprus, and Caucasus",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711249","shttre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shttre1","avibase-552E2BA9",null,null,"Roda Valley, Thuringia, Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103648#page/592/mode/1up","Certhia brachydactyla"],["25477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia brachydactyla megarhynchos","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"western Europe (eastward to western Germany)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F28A9C82",null,null,"It inhabits gardens, riverside avenues lined with crested trees, and central and deciduous woodlands of central Germany",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/243/mode/1up","Certhia megarhynchos"],["25478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia brachydactyla brachydactyla","Brehm, 1820","Beiträge zur Vögelkunde in vollständigen Beschreibungen mehrerer neu Entdeckter und vieler seltener, oder nicht gehörig beobachteter deutscher Vögel 1 p.570, 579",null,null,null,null,null,"southern, central, and southeastern Europe from southeastern Spain eastward to Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A505265",null,null,"Roda Valley, Thuringia, Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103648#page/592/mode/1up","Certhia brachydactyla"],["25479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia brachydactyla mauritanica","Witherby, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco, Algeria, and northwestern Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-586BD81E",null,null,"Ain Draham, Tunisia.","On a new subspecies of Tree-creeper from Algeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/645/mode/1up","Certhia brachydactyla mauritanica"],["25480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia brachydactyla dorotheae","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C0C0EB1",null,null,"Mt. Troodos, Cyprus.","A new species of Certhia from Cyprus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/534/mode/1up","Certhia brachydactyla dorotheae"],["25481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia brachydactyla rossocaucasica","Stepanyan, 2000","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 79 p.333-337",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68CA7CBF",null,null,"[northwest Caucasus]","The new subspecies Certhia brachydactyla (Aves, Certhiidae) from the northwest Caucasus.",null,"Certhia brachydactyla rossocaucasica"],["25482","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.11","Brown Creeper","Brown Creeper","American Treecreeper",null,null,"breeds in coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forest from southern Alaska and British Colombia eastward to Newfoundland (western to eastern Canada), southward on Pacific coast and mountains of western USA to southern California, mountains of Mexico to northwestern Nicaragua, northeastern USA, and southward along the Appalachians (to eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina), with isolated populations along the US Atlantic coast (to southeastern Maryland); winters in wider range of habitats including edge, riparian areas, and orchards at lower elevations from southern Canada to northeastern Mexico and central Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711244","brncre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brncre","avibase-BAC33609",null,null,"eastern and northern parts of North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/23/mode/1up","Certhia americana"],["25483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana alascensis","Webster, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Alaska; winters to Arizona and New Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B237DE0E",null,null,"Ft. Wainwright, Fairbanks, Alaska",null,null,"Certhia americana alascensis"],["25484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana occidentalis","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.270 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Alaska to central California (southward to Marin County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-100A1184",null,null,"Seimiahmoo, BC. 'Pacific coast of North America, breeding from mountains of southern California to British Columbia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/145/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris occidentalis"],["25485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana stewarti","Webster, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"Haida Gwaii (British Columbia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A76CC44C",null,null,"Masset, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia",null,null,"Certhia americana stewarti"],["25486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana zelotes","Osgood, 1901","The Auk 18, no.2 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Oregon through Cascades and Coast ranges to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6874000D",null,null,"Battle Creek, Tehama County, California.","New subspecies of North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss2/12/","Certhia familiaris zelotes"],["25487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana phillipsi","Unitt & Rea, 1997","The era of Allan R. Phillips: a festschrift p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in Coast Ranges of central California (San Mateo County southward to San Luis Obispo County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B6C89A",null,null,"2 miles east of Point Gorda, Monterey County, California, on 14 October 1989 by Amadeo M. Rea,","Taxonomy of the Brown Creeper in California. pp. 177-185. See p. 180.","https://web.archive.org/web/20230930104540/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/Unitt%20%26%20Rea.pdf","Certhia americana phillipsi"],["25488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana montana","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.270 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"interior southwestern Canada southward to central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D748710D",null,null,"Mt. Graham, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/144/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris montana"],["25489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana leucosticta","Van Rossem, 1931","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 no.22 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nevada and Utah (west-central USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CFB92A8",null,null,"Hidden Forest, 8,500 ft.. Sheep Mountains, Clark County, Nevada.","Descriptions of new Birds from the mountains of southern Nevada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/423/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris leucosticta"],["25490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana americana","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Saskatchewan to Newfoundland and northeastern USA; winters to Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89748DF7",null,null,"eastern and northern parts of North America.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/23/mode/1up","Certhia americana"],["25491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana nigrescens","Burleigh, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1640BC0C",null,null,"Mt. Mitchell, 6,600 ft.. North Carolina.","Two new Birds from the southern Appalachians.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/88/mode/1up","Certhia familiaris nigrescens"],["25492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana albescens","Berlepsch, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6B9F440",null,null,"[La] Ciudad, Durango, Mexico.","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Certhia mexicana albescens"],["25493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana alticola","Miller, 1895","The Auk 12, no.2 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25A82918",null,null,"Not mentioned","The Systematic Name of the Mexican Creeper","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss2/45/","Certhia familiaris alticola"],["25494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana pernigra","Griscom, 1935","Ibis ser.13, vol.5, no.3 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far southern Mexico (Chiapas) and northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44E8E8DB",null,null,"Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.","Critical notes on Central American Birds in the British Museum.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1935.tb02147.x","Certhia familiaris pernigra"],["25495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia americana extima","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Guatemala, Honduras, and northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2808DCFA",null,null,"San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.","Notes on Central American birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Certhia familiaris extima"],["25496","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia himalayana","Vigors, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.14 p.174","Bar-tailed Treecreeper","Bar-tailed Treecreeper","Bar-tailed Treecreeper",null,null,"submontane to montane open coniferous forest, pine-rhododendron woodland, and juniper scrub at tree-line, from eastern Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan southward to northern India, thence eastward through Himalayas to Nepal, and disjunctly from central China southward to northern Myanmar; western populations disperse downslope in winter to central Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711253","battre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/battre1","avibase-C1423023",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Garhwal or Kumaon by Meinertzhagen, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 140.","About some species from the Himalayas communicated by Dr. Scouler of the Glasgow University.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia Himalayana"],["25497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia himalayana taeniura","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.138 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Asia in eastern Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, far southeastern Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and northern Afghanistan; probably also far southern Kazakhstan and far western Xinjiang (western China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1FB7744",null,null,"Chimkent, Russian Turkestan.","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Certhia taeniura"],["25498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia himalayana himalayana","Vigors, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.14 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Afghanistan (south of Hindu Kush, from Nuristan southward to Kandahar), northern Pakistan (southward at least to central Baluchistan, also in Murree Hills), and eastward in Himalayas (also north of main range, in upper Indus and associated valleys) to western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF878787",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Garhwal or Kumaon by Meinertzhagen, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 140.","About some species from the Himalayas communicated by Dr. Scouler of the Glasgow University.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia Himalayana"],["25499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia himalayana yunnanensis","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (from southwestern Gansu and southern Shaanxi southward to southeastern Tibet and northwestern and western Yunnan, also southwestern Guizhou), and northern and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ACECB94",null,null,"Shayang, Chiitung road, northern Yunnan.","On new birds from Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/381/mode/1up","Certhia yunnanensis"],["25500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia himalayana ripponi","Kinnear, 1929","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Victoria, southern Chin Hills (southwestern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA796C44",null,null,"Mt. Victoria [=Kotan], Chin Hills, Burma [=Myanmar]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/145/mode/1up","Certhia himalayana ripponi"],["25501","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia nipalensis","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.581","Rusty-flanked Treecreeper","Rusty-flanked Treecreeper","Rusty-flanked Treecreeper",null,null,"mountains of western Nepal to northeastern Myanmar, southeastern Tibet, and southwestern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711257","ruftre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruftre4","avibase-C7320C9E",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/127/mode/1up","C[erthia] nipalensis"],["25502","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia tianquanensis","Li, 1995","Acta Zoologica Sinica n.s., 20 no.3 p.373-376","Sichuan Treecreeper","Sichuan Treecreeper","Sichuan Treecreeper",null,null,"mountains of western China (Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731107","sictre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sictre1","avibase-5304F5C0",null,null,"Labahe Natural Reseve, Tianquan county, Sichuem Probince, China","A new subspecies of Certhia familiaris (Passeriformes: Certhiidae).","https://europepmc.org/article/cba/282112","Certhia familiaris tianquanensis"],["25503","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia discolor","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.580","Sikkim Treecreeper","Sikkim Treecreeper","Sikkim Treecreeper",null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to southern Tibet and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735065","bnttre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnttre1","avibase-B0B998E2",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/126/mode/1up","C[erthia] discolor"],["25504","species","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia manipurensis","Hume, 1881","Stray Feathers 10 p.151","Hume's Treecreeper","Hume's Treecreeper","Manipur Treecreeper",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane evergreen forest, and mixed pine and broadleaf evergreen forest, in northeastern India and western Myanmar, in eastern Myanmar and northern Thailand eastward to northwestern Vietnam, and in southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734638","bnttre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnttre2","avibase-313F4D74",null,null,"Manipur.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95258#page/169/mode/1up","Certhia manipurensis"],["25505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia manipurensis manipurensis","Hume, 1881","Stray Feathers 10 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southern Manipur, eastern Mizoram), and western Myanmar (Chin Hills and Arakan Yomas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9129BFFE",null,null,"Manipur.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95258#page/169/mode/1up","Certhia manipurensis"],["25506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia manipurensis shanensis","Stuart Baker, 1930","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. Ed.2, 1 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and eastern Myanmar (southward to the Karenni), southern China (Yunnan from Gaoligong Shan southward to Tengchong), northwestern Thailand, and northwestern Vietnam (Fan Si Pan Massif, in western Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3DCE345",null,null,"Loi Pangnao, Kentung State",null,null,"Certhia discolor shanensis"],["25507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia manipurensis laotiana","Delacour, 1951","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 21 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Laos (Tranninh Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B316E2A6",null,null,"Phukobo, [above] Xieng Khouang, Laos.","Commentaires, modifications et additions à la liste des oiseaux d'Indochine française.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/314033#page/34/mode/1up","Certhia discolor laotiana"],["25508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Certhiidae","Treecreepers","Certhia manipurensis meridionalis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A29DD544",null,null,"Langbian Pics, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/719/mode/1up","Certhia discolor meridionalis"],["25509","family","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptilidae",null,null,"Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Gnatcatchers","Gnatcatchers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"poliop1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/poliop1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25510","genus","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.72,155",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Microbates torquatus [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873]; type by original designation and monotypy = Rhamphocaenus collaris von Pelzeln, 1868  ",null,null,null,"Microbates"],["25511","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates collaris","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.84,157","Collared Gnatwren","Collared Gnatwren","Collared Gnatwren",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the upper Orinoco basin, the Guiana Shield, and northern Amazon basin from southern Venezuela and the Guianas southward in Amazonas and Pará, north of the Amazon River, and westward to southeastern Colombia, northeastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711571","colgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colgna1","avibase-2C4579F1",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro, Marabitanas, and Rio Içanna, upper Rio Negro; restricted to Barra do Rio Negro by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/167/mode/1up","Rhamphocaenus collaris"],["25512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates collaris paraguensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 10 (65-66) p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (central Bolívar and Amazonas) and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7AF9C2C",null,null,"Salto Maria Espuma, 300 m., Cano Espuma, Alto Río Paragua, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cinco aves nuevas de Venezuela y commentarios sobre Columbigallina passerina tortugensis Fernández y Machaeropterus regulus aureopectus Phelps y Gilliard.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cinco-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-comentarios-sobre-columbigallina-passerina-tortugensis-fernandez-y-machaeropterus-regulus-aureopectus-phelps-y-gilliard/","Microbates collaris paraguensis"],["25513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates collaris collaris","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.84,157",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (E Vaupés) to the Guianas and adjacent northwestern Brazil (southward to east-central Amazonas and northern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C29A9051",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro, Marabitanas, and Rio Içanna, upper Rio Negro; restricted to Barra do Rio Negro by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/167/mode/1up","Rhamphocaenus collaris"],["25514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates collaris torquatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) 1873 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and Amapá (northeastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-782EFCFA",null,null,"St. George d'Oyapock (Verdey) [=Saint-Georges the Oyapock, French Guiana]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/173/mode/1up","Microbates torquatus"],["25515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates collaris perlatus","Todd, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40, no.36 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia (southern Amazonas), northeastern Peru (southward to northern San Martín), and northwestern Brazil (left bank of upper Rio Amazon, in western Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB5B1761",null,null,"Tonantins, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","New Gnateaters and Antbirds from tropical America, with a revision of the genus Myrmeciza and its Allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/187/mode/1up","Microbates collaris perlatus"],["25516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates collaris colombianus","Parkes, 1980","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93, pp. 61-67 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia and northeastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B7AAB1",null,null,"San Antonio Guamuez, Putumayo, Colombia (400 m), 12 October 1969, by Kjell von Sneidern","Revision of the Collared Gnatwren, Microbates collaris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107509#page/88/mode/1up","Microbates collaris colombianus"],["25517","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.76 pl.87","Tawny-faced Gnatwren","Tawny-faced Gnatwren","Tawny-faced Gnatwren",null,null,"humid forest from the Caribbean slope of southern Nicaragua through Panama to northern Colombia, in the lower Cauca and Magdalena valleys (to Caldas), west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador, and east of the foothills of the Andes in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia to far northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711574","tafgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tafgna1","avibase-0AA19250",null,null,"'Pasto,' Colombia; Buenaventura substituted by Cory and Hellmayr, 1924, op. cit., p. 212.","On some new or little known Species of Birds in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/836/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus cinereiventris"],["25518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris semitorquatus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope from southeastern Nicaragua and Costa Rica to far northwestern Colombia (Gulf of Urabá), and Pacific slope of central Panama (Panamá Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0549AEE",null,null,"line of Panama Railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/501/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus semitorquatus"],["25519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris albapiculus","Olson, 1980","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Cauca Valley (northern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AE9D656",null,null,"El Pescado, 12 km below Puerto Valdivia, Río Cauca, Antioquia, Colombia, elevation 152 m. Collected 11 May 1948 by M. A. Carriker, Jr","Revision of the Tawny-faced Antwren, Microbates cinereiventris (Aves, Passeriformes).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107509#page/93/mode/1up","Microbates cinereiventris albapiculus"],["25520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris magdalenae","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.642",null,null,null,null,null,"Magdalena Valley, in northern Colombia (Bolívar, eastern Antioquia, and northern Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACE9477D",null,null,"Malena, 1,000 ft., near Puerto Berrio, Magdalena Valley, Antioquia, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Microbates cinereiventris magdalenae"],["25521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris cinereiventris","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.76 pl.87",null,null,null,null,null,"from southeastern Panama (Darién) southward along Pacific coast to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5362631C",null,null,"'Pasto,' Colombia; Buenaventura substituted by Cory and Hellmayr, 1924, op. cit., p. 212.","On some new or little known Species of Birds in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/836/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus cinereiventris"],["25522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris unicus","Olson, 1980","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E213F01",null,null,"Mambita Llanos east of Bogotá,Cundinamarca, Colombia. Collected by Brother Niceforo Maria","Revision of the Tawny-faced Antwren, Microbates cinereiventris (Aves, Passeriformes).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107509#page/94/mode/1up","Microbates cinereiventris unicus"],["25523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris hormotus","Olson, 1980","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EC3F9F1",null,null,"San Jose Abajo ( = San Jose Nuevo), Napo, Ecuador. Collected 30(?) March 1926 by Olafla and sons.","Revision of the Tawny-faced Antwren, Microbates cinereiventris (Aves, Passeriformes).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107509#page/94/mode/1up","Microbates cinereiventris hormotus"],["25524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Microbates cinereiventris peruvianus","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.86 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Peru east of Andes (from Amazonas southward locally to northern Puno), and western Bolivia (western La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-830BE642",null,null,"La Pampa, Río Tavara, tributary of Río Inambari, northern Puno, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new Formicariidae and Dendrocolaptidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4633/","Microbates cinereiventris peruvianus"],["25525","genus","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 24 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ramphocaenus melanurus [Vieillot, 1819]; type by subsequent monotypy (Vieillot, 1818, Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, 24, p. 112).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/160913#page/122/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus"],["25526","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus sticturus","Hellmayr, 1902","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 52 p.97","Chattering Gnatwren","Chattering Gnatwren",null,"2025-1167","Taxon <em>sticturus </em>(polytypic, including <em>obscurus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Ramphocaenus melanurus</em> based primarily on vocalizations and local sympatry (Harvey et al. 2014), supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Smith et al. 2018).","semi-deciduous to bamboo-dominated humid forest in the Rio Huallaga valley of northeastern Peru (San Martín) and in the Amazon lowlands of southeastern Peru eastward to southwestern Brazil (to western Mato Grosso), southward to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,"lobgna4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobgna4","avibase-7113E393",null,null,"Villa Bella de Mato Grosso, upper Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Beschreibung von zwei neuen brasilianischen Vögeln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47781#page/103/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus sticturus"],["25527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus sticturus sticturus","Hellmayr, 1902","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 52 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil (northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2C1399F",null,null,"Villa Bella de Mato Grosso, upper Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Beschreibung von zwei neuen brasilianischen Vögeln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47781#page/103/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus sticturus"],["25528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus sticturus obscurus","Zimmer, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.509 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (Loreto) to northern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EA3160A",null,null,"Santa Rosa, upper Ucayali (left bank), Loreto, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 2. Peruvian forms of the genera Microbates, Rhamphocaenus, Sclateria, Pyriglena, Pithys, Drymophila and Liosceles.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4266/","Ramphocaenus melanurus obscurus"],["25529","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.6","Trilling Gnatwren","Long-billed Gnatwren",null,"2025-1167","Taxon <em>sticturus </em>(polytypic, including <em>obscurus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Ramphocaenus melanurus</em> based primarily on vocalizations and local sympatry (Harvey et al. 2014), supported by divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Smith et al. 2018).","deciduous to humid forest on the Gulf slope of southeastern Mexico from Veracruz southward (including Yucatan Peninsula), the Pacific slope of Mexico from Chiapas southward to eastern Panama, throughout northern South America including Amazonia (eastward to eastern Maranhão and eastern Mato Grosso), and Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte southward to Santa Catarina",null,null,null,"lobgna5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobgna5","avibase-32BF3F02",null,null,"Brazil [= vicinity of Rio de Janeiro] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/14/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus melanurus"],["25530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus rufiventris","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47F05D79",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/291/mode/1up","Scolopacinus rufiventris"],["25531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus ardeleo","Van Tyne & Trautman, 1941","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 439 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) and Petén of northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91DF6422",null,null,"Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.","New Birds from Yucatán.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56878","Ramphocaenus rufiventris ardeleo"],["25532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus panamensis","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28467AA4",null,null,"Pedasi, Los Santos, Azuero Peninsula, southwestern Panama",null,null,"Ramphocaenus rufiventris panamensis"],["25533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus sanctaemarthae","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Zulia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9206D172",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia,","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/476/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus sanctae[-]marthae"],["25534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus griseodorsalis","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Colombia (Antioquia southward to Valle)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C4FE348",null,null,"Miraflores, 6,800 ft., east of Palmira, west slope of Central Andes, Valle, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Rhamphocaenus rufiventris griseodorsalis"],["25535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia east of Andes to northern Venezuela (eastern Falcón to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A6B8A08",null,null,"El Hacha, Yaracuy, Venezuela.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/214/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus"],["25536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus trinitatis","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia (Meta) to northeastern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024FF674",null,null,"Trinidad (possibly erroneous ; vide Cory and Hellmayr, 1924, op. cit, p. 206).","Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du Docteur Abeillé à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/50/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus trinitatis"],["25537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus albiventris","Sclater, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (in northern Pará, Amapá, and eastern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1167157E",null,null,"Surinam.","On the Genera Microbates and Rhamphocaenus of the Family Formicariidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/129/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus albiventris"],["25538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus duidae","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.917 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and southern Venezuela; probably also far northern Peru and northwestern Brazil (Rio Branco watershed in Roraima, to the upper Rio Negro watershed in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33ED17CD",null,null,"Esmeralda, 325 ft., [near] Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 25. Notes on the genera Thamnophilus, Thamnocharis, Gymnopythis and Ramphocaenus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3845/","Ramphocaenus melanurus duidae"],["25539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus badius","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.917 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF8583A4",null,null,"mouth of Río Cinipa, Loreto, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 25. Notes on the genera Thamnophilus, Thamnocharis, Gymnopythis and Ramphocaenus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3845/","Ramphocaenus melanurus badius"],["25540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum","Hellmayr, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.1 p.66-67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (right bank of upper Río Ucayali) and adjacent northwestern Brazil (to north-central Brazil in western Pará, west of the Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B88367C",null,null,"Teffe, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","On a collection of birds from Teffé, Rio Solimões, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/82/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum"],["25541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus austerus","Zimmer, 1937","American Museum Novitates no.917 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern Pará and northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-075E8567",null,null,"Pedral, Baião, right bank of Rio Tocantins, Pará, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 25. Notes on the genera Thamnophilus, Thamnocharis, Gymnopythis and Ramphocaenus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3845/","Ramphocaenus melanurus austerus"],["25542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Ramphocaenus melanurus melanurus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 29 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco to São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB3B20A0",null,null,"Brazil [= vicinity of Rio de Janeiro] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63937#page/14/mode/1up","Ramphocaenus melanurus"],["25543","genus","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.284 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla caerulea [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, SF, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 67).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/747/mode/1up","Polioptila"],["25544","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila guianensis","Todd, 1920","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.72","Guianan Gnatcatcher","Guianan Gnatcatcher",null,"2025-1158","Three species are recognized in the <em>Polioptila guianensis</em> complex based on vocalizations and genetics: monotypic <em>P. guianensis; </em>monotypic <em>P. clementsi; </em>and polytypic <em>P. paraensis</em> (including <em>facilis </em>and <em>attenboroughi</em>). Sometimes split into 5 species based on the multilocus DNA data of Smith et al. (2018), however, vocal similarities and lower DNA divergence support retaining <em>paraensis, facilis,</em> and <em>attenboroughi </em>as a single species.","the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana) southward to the Amazon River",null,null,null,"guigna3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guigna3","avibase-64EC317B",null,null,"Tamanoir, Mana River, French Guiana.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/96/mode/1up","Polioptila guianensis"],["25545","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila schistaceigula","Hartert, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.30","Slate-throated Gnatcatcher","Slate-throated Gnatcatcher","Slate-throated Gnatcatcher",null,null,"tropical forest of eastern Panama to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711611","sltgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sltgna1","avibase-07742DD4",null,null,"Cachabi [= Cachavi], 500 ft., Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","[Description of some South-American birds from Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/468/mode/1up","Polioptila schistaceigula"],["25546","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila clementsi","Whitney & Álvarez Alonso, 2005","Wilson Bulletin 117 p.113-127","Iquitos Gnatcatcher","Iquitos Gnatcatcher",null,"2025-1158","Three species are recognized in the <em>Polioptila guianensis</em> complex based on vocalizations and genetics: monotypic <em>P. guianensis; </em>monotypic <em>P. clementsi; </em>and polytypic <em>P. paraensis</em> (including <em>facilis </em>and <em>attenboroughi</em>). Sometimes split into 5 species based on the multilocus DNA data of Smith et al. (2018), however, vocal similarities and lower DNA divergence support retaining <em>paraensis, facilis,</em> and <em>attenboroughi </em>as a single species.","white-sand forest in Iquitos region (northeastern Peru)",null,null,null,"iqugna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/iqugna1","avibase-C12E5EDD",null,null,"Zona Reservada Allpahuayo-Mishana, 03°55'S, 73° 29' W, south bank of Río Nanay, approximately 25 km wsw of Iquitos, Department of Loreto, Peru; 150 m elevation; 15 December 1998; collected by JAA","A new species of gnatcatcher from white-sand forests of northern Amazonian Peru with revision of the Polioptila guianensis complex.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215253#page/130/mode/1up","Polioptila clementsi"],["25547","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila paraensis","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.255","Para Gnatcatcher",null,null,"2025-1158","Three species are recognized in the <em>Polioptila guianensis</em> complex based on vocalizations and genetics: monotypic <em>P. guianensis; </em>monotypic <em>P. clementsi; </em>and polytypic <em>P. paraensis</em> (including <em>facilis </em>and <em>attenboroughi</em>). Sometimes split into 5 species based on the multilocus DNA data of Smith et al. (2018), however, vocal similarities and lower DNA divergence support retaining <em>paraensis, facilis,</em> and <em>attenboroughi </em>as a single species.","eastern Colombia (Vaupés and Guainía) and southern Venezuela (Amazonas) to far northern Brazil (northern Amazonas and west-central Roraima) through much of Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-989F7582",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/361/mode/1up","Polioptila paraensis"],["25548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila paraensis facilis","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1168 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Vaupés and Guainía) and southern Venezuela (Amazonas) to far northern Brazil (northern Amazonas and west-central Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73B2C287",null,null,"Solano, Río Casiquiare, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 42, The genus Polioptila.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4724/","Polioptila guianensis facilis"],["25549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila paraensis attenboroughi","Whittaker, Aleixo, Whitney et al., 2013","Handbook of the birds of the world p.301-305",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River and west of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38BBA0C1",null,null,"mixed-species canopy flock of insectivores in upland (terra-firme) sandy-soil forest by AW on 5 July 2007 at Tupana Lodge, located at km 158 of the BR-319 road in the municipality of Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil (04 o 05' 00.2’’S; 60 o 39' 37.8’’W);","A distinctive new species of gnatcatcher in the Polioptila guianensis complex (Aves: Polioptilidae) from western Amazonian Brazil","https://fieldguides.com/files_miscellaneous/HBW-linked/301-305_Original%20Scientific%20Descriptions.pdf","Polioptila attenboroughi"],["25550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila paraensis paraensis","Todd, 1937","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 25 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6909DD14",null,null,"Benevides, Pará, Brazil.","New South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216377#page/361/mode/1up","Polioptila paraensis"],["25551","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila lactea","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.453","Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher","Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher","Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711605","crbgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbgna1","avibase-CB41276B",null,null,"South America ; Rio de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 494.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/471/mode/1up","Polioptila lactea"],["25552","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila dumicola","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.170","Masked Gnatcatcher","Masked Gnatcatcher","Masked Gnatcatcher",null,null,"dry to humid forest, open woodland, wooded savanna, and gallery forest in interior Brazil (from southeastern Pará and southern Maranhão) southward to central Bolivia, central Argentina (to La Pampa), and the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711614","masgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masgna1","avibase-B47F0D81",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/184/mode/1up","Sylvia dumicola"],["25553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila dumicola saturata","Todd, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59, no.30 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Bolivia (south of Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62A24206",null,null,"Samaipata, Bolivia.","A new Gnatcatcher from Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/383/mode/1up","Polioptila dumicola saturata"],["25554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila dumicola berlepschi","Hellmayr, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.356-357",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (southeastern Pará, Tocantins, and southwestern Maranhão to southern Mato Grosso, Goiás, western Minas Gerais, and São Paulo); records farther northwest in northwestern Mato Grosso and southeastern Amazonas; presumably also eastern Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz, and southwestern Cochabamba southward through Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F38CC95",null,null,"Cuyabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Zur Revision der Gattung Polioptila.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/398/mode/1up","Polioptila berlepschi"],["25555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila dumicola dumicola","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay and southern Brazil (central Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina) southward to eastern Argentina (eastern Jujuy and eastern Salta southward to northern and eastern Córdoba, and northern Buenos Aires) and Uruguay; possibly southeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06836FEA",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/184/mode/1up","Sylvia dumicola"],["25556","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila plumbea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.444","Tropical Gnatcatcher","Tropical Gnatcatcher",null,"2025-1157","Three species are recognized in the <em>Polioptila plumbea</em> complex based on genetic (Smith et al. 2018) and vocal (Boesman 2016h) evidence: <em>P. plumbea</em> (polytypic, including <em>parvirostris</em>, <em>atricapilla, innotata, plumbiceps</em>, and <em>anteocularis</em>); <em>P. maior</em> (monotypic); and <em>P. bilineata</em> (polytypic, including <em>brodkorbi, superciliaris, cinericia</em>, and <em>daguae</em>). However, phylogenetic information based on multilocus and mitochondrial DNA data (Smith et al. 2018) indicate that <em>P. plumbea sensu stricto </em>is not monophyletic and further research, including genomic data and an iN0depth analysis of vocalizations, will be needed to better define species limits in this group.","tropical rainforest, savanna woodland, arid scrub, semiarid forest and woodland, mangroves, and gallery forest from northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys; west of the Andes in most Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin (except the Rio Negro-Rio Japura region and the Rio Madeira basin to eastern state of Para and western Maranhão), and westward to southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru; also in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from eastern Maranhão, Piaui, and Ceará southward to southern Minas Gerais",null,null,null,"trogna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trogna1","avibase-8412E21B",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/456/mode/1up","Todus plumbeus"],["25557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila plumbea anteocularis","Hellmayr, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.537,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56D01B8D",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Bemerkungen über die neuweltliche Gattung Polioptila nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Subspecies aus Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/551/mode/1up","Polioptila nigriceps anteocularis"],["25558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila plumbea plumbiceps","Lawrence, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17, (not earlier than February 28) p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northern Colombia to northern Venezuela including Isla Margarita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ED6EBB9",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Tucacas, Falcón, by Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1168, p. 5.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Paridae, Vireonidae, Tyrannidae and Trochilidae, with a note on Myiarchus Panamensis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/45/mode/1up","Polioptila plumbiceps"],["25559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila plumbea innotata","Hellmayr, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.359-360",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and far northern Brazil (southward to northeastern Roraima, western Pará, northern Tocantins, and north-central Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E25D69C5",null,null,"Forte de São Joaquim, upper Rio Branco, Brazil.","Zur Revision der Gattung Polioptila.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/401/mode/1up","Polioptila huffoni innotata"],["25560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila plumbea plumbea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (Río Tapajós to eastern and northwestern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6F50F84",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/456/mode/1up","Todus plumbeus"],["25561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila plumbea atricapilla","(Swainson, 1831)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.2, no.13 pl.57,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão to Piauí, Ceará, Pernambuco, and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A90F4B3A",null,null,"no locality; probably Bahia, Brazil {vide Hellmayr, 1934, ibid., p. 495).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92610#page/83/mode/1up","Culicivora atricapilla"],["25562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila plumbea parvirostris","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonia, from southern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios) and eastward to adjacent Brazil (Acre and western Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-138D9852",null,null,"Chamicuros, Río Amazonas, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/466/mode/1up","Polioptila parvirostris"],["25563","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila lembeyei","(Gundlach, 1858)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.273","Cuban Gnatcatcher","Cuban Gnatcatcher","Cuban Gnatcatcher",null,null,"semiarid coastal scrub of eastern Cuba and Cayo Coco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711591","cubgna1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubgna1","avibase-70D28286",null,null,"eastern Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/301/mode/1up","Culicivora lembeyei"],["25564","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila maior","Hellmayr, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.3 p.538","Maranon Gnatcatcher","Marañon Gnatcatcher","Maranon Gnatcatcher","2025-1157","Three species are recognized in the <em>Polioptila plumbea</em> complex based on genetic (Smith et al. 2018) and vocal (Boesman 2016h) evidence: <em>P. plumbea</em> (polytypic, including <em>parvirostris</em>, <em>atricapilla, innotata, plumbiceps</em>, and <em>anteocularis</em>); <em>P. maior</em> (monotypic); and <em>P. bilineata</em> (polytypic, including <em>brodkorbi, superciliaris, cinericia</em>, and <em>daguae</em>). However, phylogenetic information based on multilocus and mitochondrial DNA data (Smith et al. 2018) indicate that <em>P. plumbea sensu stricto </em>is not monophyletic and further research, including genomic data and an iN0depth analysis of vocalizations, will be needed to better define species limits in this group.","north-central Peru (upper Marañón Valley, from Piura to northwestern Huánuco) and on the west slope, north to at least La Libertad and south to central Lima",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103882394","trogna3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trogna3","avibase-A039EC13",null,null,"Sueccha [= Succha] , 3,000 m., Huamachuco, Libertad, Peru.","Bemerkungen über die neuweltliche Gattung Polioptila nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Subspecies aus Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/552/mode/1up","P[olioptila] nigriceps maior"],["25565","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila albiventris","Lawrence, 1885","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 3, no.9 p.273","Yucatan Gnatcatcher","Yucatan Gnatcatcher",null,"2025-1156","Taxon <em>albiventris </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Polioptila albiloris</em> based on deep divergence and paraphyly in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Smith et al. 2018), supported by vocalizations. Although <em>P. albiventris</em> is recovered as sister to <em>P. bilineata</em> it also differs from this group in plumage, ecology, and apparently vocalizations.","southeastern Mexico (far northern Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,"whlgna3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlgna3","avibase-B51DD08F",null,null,"Temax, Yucatan, Mexico.","Charcaters of two supposed new species of birds from Yucatan. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109494#page/281/mode/1up","Polioptila albiventris"],["25566","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila bilineata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.316","White-browed Gnatcatcher","White-browed Gnatcatcher",null,"2025-1157","Three species are recognized in the <em>Polioptila plumbea</em> complex based on genetic (Smith et al. 2018) and vocal (Boesman 2016h) evidence: <em>P. plumbea</em> (polytypic, including <em>parvirostris</em>, <em>atricapilla, innotata, plumbiceps</em>, and <em>anteocularis</em>); <em>P. maior</em> (monotypic); and <em>P. bilineata</em> (polytypic, including <em>brodkorbi, superciliaris, cinericia</em>, and <em>daguae</em>). However, phylogenetic information based on multilocus and mitochondrial DNA data (Smith et al. 2018) indicate that <em>P. plumbea sensu stricto </em>is not monophyletic and further research, including genomic data and an iN0depth analysis of vocalizations, will be needed to better define species limits in this group.","semi-humid to dry forest, woodland, and scrub from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico (including Yucatan Peninsula), and the Pacific lowlands of southeastern Nicaragua southward to Panama (including Coiba), and in the lowlands of northern Colombia southward to west-central Peru (La Libertad)",null,null,null,"trogna2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trogna2","avibase-70A56DCB",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/496/mode/1up","Culicivora bilineata"],["25567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila bilineata brodkorbi","Parkes, 1979","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 99, no.2 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic lowlands of southeastern Mexico (northward to southern Veracruz and northeastern Oaxaca) southward to eastern Nicaragua, intergrading with superciliaris in northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-457AFEA0",null,null,"Duck Run (=Benque Ceia), on the Belize River below (=east of) Cayo, western British Honduras (now Belize)","A new northern subspecies of the Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/289/mode/1up","Polioptila plumbea brodkorbi"],["25568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila bilineata superciliaris","Lawrence, 1861","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific and Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica and Panama, probably also adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA9ED86C",null,null,"New Grenada, Isthmus of Panama [= Atlantic slope, near Panama Railroad ; fide Lawrence, loc. cit., p. 322].","Descriptions of three new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/324/mode/1up","Polioptila superciliaris"],["25569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila bilineata cinericia","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B866E915",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/310/mode/1up","Polioptila plumbea cinericia"],["25570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila bilineata bilineata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to western Peru (northern La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B354D66",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/496/mode/1up","Culicivora bilineata"],["25571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila bilineata daguae","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.648",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (upper Río Dagua and upper Río Patía)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-194FFE4E",null,null,"Los Cisneros, Río Dagua, Valle, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Polioptila livida daguae"],["25572","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.337","Blue-grey Gnatcatcher","Blue-gray Gnatcatcher","Blue-grey Gnatcatcher",null,null,"breeds in varied woodland and shrubby habitats, mature deciduous, swamps, and gallery forest from south-central Washington (very local) southward to southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico) and eastward to southern Colorado, in Mexico (including the Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel) to western Guatemala and Belize, and from southern Ontario and southwestern Quebec (southeastern Canada) southward in eastern USA to central Florida and the Bahamas; winters in southern USA to the Pacific coast of Mexico to Honduras, southern Florida, and Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711581","buggna","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buggna","avibase-A15C5071",null,null,"Pennsylvania [= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/341/mode/1up","Motacilla caerulea"],["25573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea caerulea","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to central and eastern USA; winters to Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38F2811F",null,null,"Pennsylvania [= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/341/mode/1up","Motacilla caerulea"],["25574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea caesiogaster","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.569",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA41DE17",null,null,"New Providence, Bahamas",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/591/mode/1up","Polioptila caerulea caesiogaster"],["25575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea obscura","Ridgway, 1883","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.314 p.535",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western USA to southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico); winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ABB4C21",null,null,"San Jose del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/579/mode/1up","Polioptila caerulea obscura"],["25576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea perplexa","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAAC0E8D",null,null,"11 km. E of San Roberto, southwestern Nuevo Leon",null,null,"Polioptila caerulea (?) perplexa"],["25577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea deppei","Van Rossem, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Mexico and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-061A27C6",null,null,"Río Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. A. Notes on some species and subspecies of Guatemala Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/448/mode/1up","Polioptila caerulea deppei"],["25578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea comiteca","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico to northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-653BB537",null,null,"San Vincente, central-eastern, Chiapas",null,null,"Polioptila caerulea comiteca"],["25579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea nelsoni","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Guerrero to Oaxaca and southern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F1C335",null,null,"Ciudad Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/122/mode/1up","Polioptila nelsoni"],["25580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila caerulea cozumelae","Griscom, 1926","American Museum Novitates no.236 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E4F9C16",null,null,"Isla Cozumel, Yucatan [= Quintana Roo], Mexico.","The ornithological results of the Mason-Spindel Expedition to Yucatan. Part II Chinchoro Bank and Cozumel Island.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4121/","Polioptila caerulea cozumelae"],["25581","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila albiloris","Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.298","White-lored Gnatcatcher","White-lored Gnatcatcher",null,"2025-1156","Taxon <em>albiventris </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Polioptila albiloris</em> based on deep divergence and paraphyly in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Smith et al. 2018), supported by vocalizations. Although <em>P. albiventris</em> is recovered as sister to <em>P. bilineata</em> it also differs from this group in plumage, ecology, and apparently vocalizations.","dry forest of lowlands and hills on Pacific slope from Michoacan to northwestern Costa Rica; also inland in central Mexican highlands and Honduras",null,null,null,"whlgna2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlgna2","avibase-50735F3E",null,null,"Motagua Valley, Zacapa, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/380/mode/1up","Polioptila albiloris"],["25582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila albiloris vanrossemi","Brodkorb, 1944","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 34, no.9 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western and southern Mexico (Michoacán and Guerrero to southern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F132F2C2",null,null,"Quiotepec, District of Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico.","The subspecies of the Gnatcatcher Polioptila albiloris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122682#page/362/mode/1up","Polioptila albiloris vanrossemi"],["25583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila albiloris albiloris","Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of Guatemala to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B33D969",null,null,"Motagua Valley, Zacapa, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/380/mode/1up","Polioptila albiloris"],["25584","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila nigriceps","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.69","Black-capped Gnatcatcher","Black-capped Gnatcatcher","Black-capped Gnatcatcher",null,null,"dry woodland of lowlands from southeastern Arizona on Pacific slope to Colima (west-central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711594","bkcgna","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcgna","avibase-A6C81FC1",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/81/mode/1up","Polioptila nigriceps"],["25585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila nigriceps restricta","Brewster, 1889","The Auk 6, no.2 p.97-98",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Arizona to northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA07B097",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from western North America and Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss2/1/","Polioptila nigriceps restricta"],["25586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila nigriceps nigriceps","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (northern Sinaloa to Durango, Jalisco and Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7236BEB",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/81/mode/1up","Polioptila nigriceps"],["25587","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila melanura","Lawrence, 1856","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.168","Black-tailed Gnatcatcher","Black-tailed Gnatcatcher","Black-tailed Gnatcatcher",null,null,"semiarid woodland and scrub of lowlands to hills from southeastern California, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah eastward to south-central Texas, southward to northeastern Baja California, central Sonora, and Hidalgo (central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711588","bktgna","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktgna","avibase-C05CE29C",null,null,"Texas [= Rio Grande Valley].","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Chordeiles Swainson and Polioptila Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/192/mode/1up","Polioptila melanura"],["25588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila melanura lucida","Van Rossem, 1931","The Condor 33, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to northeastern Baja California and northwestern Mexico (Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A4BFD3B",null,null,"10 miles north of Guajonas, Sonora, Mexico.","Concerning some western races of Polioptila melanura.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol33/iss1/18/","Polioptila melanura lucida"],["25589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila melanura melanura","Lawrence, 1856","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"western Nevada to Texas (USA) and eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A58D8ABE",null,null,"Texas [= Rio Grande Valley].","Descriptions of new species of birds of the genera Chordeiles Swainson and Polioptila Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/192/mode/1up","Polioptila melanura"],["25590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila melanura curtata","Van Rossem, 1932","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Tiburón (Gulf of California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BB82CAA",null,null,"Petrel Bay, east side of Isla Tiburon, Sonora, Mexico.","The avifauna of Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of four new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/180/mode/1up","Polioptila melanura curtata"],["25591","species","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila californica","Brewster, 1881","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 6 p.103","California Gnatcatcher","California Gnatcatcher","California Gnatcatcher",null,null,"southwestern California through southern Baja California, also islas Santa, Margarita, and Espírito Santo (off southwestern and southeastern Baja California, respectively)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711585","calgna","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calgna","avibase-A0015FD7",null,null,"Riverside, San Bernardino Co. [= Riverside Co.], California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69165#page/117/mode/1up","Polioptila californica"],["25592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila californica californica","Brewster, 1881","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 6 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B142EE08",null,null,"Riverside, San Bernardino Co. [= Riverside Co.], California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69165#page/117/mode/1up","Polioptila californica"],["25593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila californica atwoodi","Mellink & Rea, 1994","Western Birds 25, no.1 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A22FC5B9",null,null,"6.5 to 7 km west of Colonet on the road to San Antonio del Mar, Baja California (31 06' N) by Eric Mellin","Taxonomic status of the California Gnatcatchers of northwestern Baja California, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/western_birds/vol25/iss1/4/","Polioptila californica atwoodi"],["25594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Polioptilidae","Gnatwrens and Gnatcatchers","Polioptila californica margaritae","Ridgway, 1904","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.3 p.733, footnote a",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-038D301A",null,null,"[Santa] Margarita Island, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32323#page/759/mode/1up","Polioptila margaritae"],["25595","family","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytidae",null,null,"Wrens","Wrens","Wrens",null,null,null,null,null,null,"troglo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/troglo1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["25596","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Troglodytes obsoletus [Say, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 31).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/331/mode/1up","Salpinctes"],["25597","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.4,note","Rock Wren","Rock Wren","Rock Wren",null,null,"breeds in canyons, cliffs, rocky outcrops, boulders, and buildings from south-central British Columbia eastward to southwestern Saskatchewan (southwestern Canada), western Montana, and western Texas (central USA), southward to central Baja California, Isla Guadalupe, and montane Mexico southward to northwestern Costa Rica; formerly Islas Revillagigedo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711332","rocwre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocwre","avibase-76DF73A9",null,null,"near junction of Plum Creek and South Platte River, Douglas County, Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/16/mode/1up","Troglodytes obsoleta"],["25598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.4,note",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada and western USA to northern and central Mexico; withdraws from north of range in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C42ECEFB",null,null,"near junction of Plum Creek and South Platte River, Douglas County, Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/16/mode/1up","Troglodytes obsoleta"],["25599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus tenuirostris","Van Rossem, 1943","The Condor 45, no.6 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"San Benito Islands (off southern Baja California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-412D9BD1",null,null,"West Isla San Benito, Baja California, Mexico.","The Horned Lark and the Rock Wren of the San Benito Islands, Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol45/iss6/13/","Salpinctes obsoletus tenuirostris"],["25600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis","Ridgway, 1876","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalupe Island (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-780C9EBA",null,null,"Isla de Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100255#page/255/mode/1up","Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis"],["25601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus exsul","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly San Benedicto Island (Revillagigedo Islands off southern Baja California); probably now extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-99AFAA9F",null,null,"Isla San Benedicto, Islas de Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico.","Diagnoses of nine new forms of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/182/mode/1up","Salpinctes obsoletus exsul"],["25602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus neglectus","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.70-71",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D650C548",null,null,"Hacienda Chancol (alt. 10,000 ft.), ca. 25 miles northeast of Huehuetenango, Huehuetenango, Guatemala.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Salpinctes obsoletus neglectus"],["25603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus guttatus","Salvin & Godman, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.12 p.609-610",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-734C1273",null,null,"Volcán de San Miguel (alt. ca. 4,000 ft.), El Salvador.","Descriptions of Five new Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Mr. W. B. Richardson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/641/mode/1up","Salpinctes guttatus"],["25604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus fasciatus","Salvin & Godman, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.12 p.610",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09C430BD",null,null,"Volcán El Viejo (alt. 6,500 ft.), Nicaragua.","Descriptions of Five new Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Mr. W. B. Richardson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/642/mode/1up","Salpinctes fasciatus"],["25605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Salpinctes obsoletus costaricensis","Van Rossem, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4BD9D65",null,null,"Hacienda El Pelon (alt. 700 ft.), Guanacaste, Costa Rica.","Three new races of Birds from Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/196/mode/1up","Salpinctes obsoletus costaricensis"],["25606","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thryothorus mexicanus [Swainson, 1829]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Catherpes"],["25607","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus","(Swainson, 1829)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.1, no.3 pl.11,text","Canyon Wren","Canyon Wren","Canyon Wren",null,null,"steep cliffs, canyons, rocky outcrops, and villages (in Mexico) from south-central British Columbia (southwestern Canada) southward to southern Baja California, eastern Chiapas (southern Mexico), and eastward to southwestern South Dakota and central Texas (central USA)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711335","canwre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/canwre","avibase-EAD14427",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92611#page/79/mode/1up","Thryothorus mexicanus"],["25608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus griseus","Aldrich, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada and northwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58FFA37B",null,null,"Logy Creek, Yakima Indian Reservation, Yakima County, Washington.","New subspecies of birds from western North America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107524#page/359/mode/1up","Catherpes Mexicanus griseus"],["25609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus pallidior","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and west-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED17F026",null,null,"Green River, Wyoming",null,null,"Catherpes Mexicanus pallidior"],["25610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus conspersus","Ridgway, 1873","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7, February p.603",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8FB6645",null,null,"near Fort Churchill, Lyon County, Nevada.","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/620/mode/1up","Catherpes mexicanus var. conspersus"],["25611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.285 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3797670",null,null,"Forest Hill, Placer County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/373/mode/1up","Catherpes Mexicanus punctulatus"],["25612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus croizati","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C907105",null,null,"La Laguna, Sa. Laguna, Baja California, Mexico",null,null,"Catherpes Mexicanus croizati"],["25613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus mexicanus","(Swainson, 1829)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.1, no.3 pl.11,text",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9AA0BFC",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92611#page/79/mode/1up","Thryothorus mexicanus"],["25614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus meliphonus","Oberholser, 1930","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 1, no.4 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AD1C690",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.","Notes on a collection of Birds from Arizona and New Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122944#page/19/mode/1up","Catherpes Mexicanus meliphonus"],["25615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Catherpes mexicanus cantator","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.7 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C1F77D6",null,null,"south end (top) of Cerro de Buena Vista, 5 km. of W of Compostela, Nayarit","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/173/mode/1up","Catherpes Mexicanus cantator"],["25616","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Hylorchilus","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Catherpes sumichrasti [Lawrence, 1871]; type by original designation",null,"Preliminary Descriptions of New Birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the Collection of the United States Department of Agriculture","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Hylorchilus"],["25617","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Hylorchilus sumichrasti","(Lawrence, 1871)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23 p.233,234","Sumichrast's Wren","Sumichrast's Wren","Sumichrast's Wren",null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, and adjacent northern Oaxaca)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711341","sumwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumwre1","avibase-A88A7607",null,null,"Mato Bejuco, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28117#page/233/mode/1up","Catherpes sumichrasti"],["25618","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Hylorchilus navai","Crossin & Ely, 1973","The Condor 75, no.2 p.137","Nava's Wren","Nava's Wren","Nava's Wren",null,null,"lowlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas and far eastern Veracruz)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711346","navwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/navwre1","avibase-68A90F93",null,null,"26 km N of Ocozocoautla (elev. 2500 ft.), state of Chiapas, Mexico","A new race of Sumichrast's Wren from Chiapas, México.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol75/iss2/1/","Hylorchilus sumichrasti navai"],["25619","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.19",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus bambla [Boddaert]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 113). = Formicarius bambla Boddaert, 1783",null,null,null,"Microcerculus"],["25620","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus ustulatus","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.204 pl.9 fig.2","Flutist Wren","Flutist Wren","Flutist Wren",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, far west-central Guyana, and Roraima (far northern Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711547","fluwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fluwre1","avibase-31AE7224",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/250/mode/1up","Microcerculus ustulatus"],["25621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus ustulatus duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Venezuela (Duida, Yaví, Paraque, and Sierra de Curupira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D87B14C5",null,null,"Cerro Duida (alt. 6,700 ft.), Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Microcerculus ustulatus duidae"],["25622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus ustulatus lunatipectus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of central Bolívar, southern Venezuela (Mount Guaiquinima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77D846F6",null,null,"Cerro Guaiquinima (alt. 1,300 m.), Río Paragua, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Microcerculus ustulatus lunatipectus"],["25623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus ustulatus obscurus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Ptari-tepui, Uei-tepui, and Sororopán-tepui southward to Gran Sabana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E411B0C2",null,null,"Cerro Ptari-tepui (alt. 1,800 m.), Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Microcerculus ustulatus obscurus"],["25624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus ustulatus ustulatus","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.204 pl.9 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, far northern Brazil, and western Guyana (Mount Twek-quay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0955EE29",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/250/mode/1up","Microcerculus ustulatus"],["25625","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus bambla","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44","Wing-banded Wren","Wing-banded Wren","Wing-banded Wren",null,null,"humid rainforest in lowlands to hills of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru, and north of the Amazon River from eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the Guianas, eastward to Amapá and southward to Amazonas in western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711551","wibwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wibwre1","avibase-E4221D69",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Formicarius bambla"],["25626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus bambla albigularis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador (Sucumbíos, Napo, and Pastaza), northern and south-central Peru (upper Río Tigre, foothills of central Peru ), and northwestern Brazil (northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9F8A3D7",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/101/mode/1up","Heterocnemis albigularis"],["25627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus bambla caurensis","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar, Amazonas) and far eastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A471C88F",null,null,"Río Nichare, Bolívar, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/23/mode/1up","Microcerculus caurensis"],["25628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus bambla bambla","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar), the Guianas, and northern Brazil (Roraima eastward to Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3B8C178",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Formicarius bambla"],["25629","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus philomela","(Salvin, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.202","Northern Nightingale-Wren","Nightingale Wren","Northern Nightingale-wren",null,null,"humid southern Mexico (northern Chiapas) to central Costa Rica",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711537","nigwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nigwre1","avibase-85F08EC1",null,null,"Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Descriptions of Three New Species of Birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/276/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus philomela"],["25630","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus marginatus","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.293 p.145","Southern Nightingale-Wren","Scaly-breasted Wren","Southern Nightingale-wren",null,null,"tropical rainforest from northwestern Costa Rica eastward to western Venezuela, the coastal mountains of northwestern Venezuela, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Cauca and Magdalena valleys of central Colombia, southward in the Pacific lowlands of western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador, and Andean foothills from western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia and eastward south of the Amazon River in central Brazil (northwestern Maranhão to northern Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711542","scbwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbwre1","avibase-A7667D10",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/943/mode/1up","Heterocnemis marginata"],["25631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus marginatus luscinia","Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.69-70",null,null,null,null,null,"central Costa Rica to eastern Panama and far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DA3FB9D",null,null,"Either Santiago or Santa Fé, Veragua [=Central America]","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/107/mode/1up","Microcerculus luscinia"],["25632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus marginatus corrasus","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Marta region of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF59C11A",null,null,"Chirua (alt. 7,000 ft.), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/95/mode/1up","Microcerculus corrasus"],["25633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus marginatus squamulatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.1 p.37 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32C51426",null,null,"San Cristobal, Táchira, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/75/mode/1up","Microcerculus squamulatus"],["25634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus marginatus occidentalis","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.354-355",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12B8AA98",null,null,"Lita (alt. 3,000 ft.), Imbabura, Ecuador.","Notes on a second collection of birds from the district of Pará, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/368/mode/1up","Microcerculus marginatus occidentalis"],["25635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus marginatus taeniatus","Salvin, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.130, pl. III, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE2B904B",null,null,"Balzar, Guayas, Ecuador.","Descriptions of two new Species of Wrens from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/166/mode/1up","Microcerculus taeniatus"],["25636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Microcerculus marginatus marginatus","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.293 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B92C177",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/943/mode/1up","Heterocnemis marginata"],["25637","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.45,70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia ludoviciana [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy = Sylvia ludoviciana Latham, 1790  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f51.item","Thryothorus"],["25638","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.548","Carolina Wren","Carolina Wren",null,"2025-1152","Taxon <em>albinucha </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Thryothorus ludovicianus</em> based on subtle differences in plumage and vocalizations, and relatively shallow mitochondrial DNA divergence (Mann et al. 2006; Imfeld et al. 2024). Formal analysis of vocalizations might be informative.","disjunctly in cypress swamps, shrubby ravines, and woodland and shrubby habitats from far southern Ontario and far western Quebec (southeastern Canada) southward in eastern USA from eastern Kansas to eastern San Luis Potosí (east-central Mexico), Gulf coast, and southern Florida, in Yucatan Peninsula including northern Guatemala and northern Belize, and in southwestern Honduras and northernwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,"carwre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carwre","avibase-CB5469E1",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/88/mode/1up","Sylvia ludoviciana"],["25639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.548",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Canada to Texas and southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7589C2A7",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/88/mode/1up","Sylvia ludoviciana"],["25640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus miamensis","Ridgway, 1875","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 9, February p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D5C9298",null,null,"Miami River, Florida.","Description of a New Wren from Eastern Florida","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151386#page/476/mode/1up","Thryothorus Ludovicianus var. Miamensis"],["25641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus nesophilus","Stevenson, 1973","The Auk 90, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Dog Island (off northwestern Florida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B674F703",null,null,"Dog Island, Franklin County, Florida","An undescribed insular race of the Carolina wren.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol90/iss1/4/","Thryothorus ludovicianus nesophilus"],["25642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus burleighi","Lowery, 1940","The Auk 57, no.1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Cat, Ship, and Horn islands (off Mississippi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6511998F",null,null,"Cat Island, Mississippi.","Geographical variation in the Carolina Wren.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss1/10/","Thryothorus ludovicianus burleighi"],["25643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis","Sennett, 1890","The Auk 7, no.1 p.58-60",null,null,null,null,null,"Lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas (south-central USA) and northern Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3936C67",null,null,"Lomita Ranch, Hidalgo, Texas.","A new Wren from the lower Rio Grande, Texas, with notes on Berlandier's Wren of northeastern Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss1/10/","Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis"],["25644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus oberholseri","Lowery, 1940","The Auk 57, no.1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Texas (south-central USA) and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DE02388",null,null,"Del Rio, Texas.","Geographical variation in the Carolina Wren.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss1/10/","Thryothorus ludovicianus oberholseri"],["25645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus berlandieri","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.360, p. 362, pl. lxxxiii, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (eastern Coahuila, Nuevo León, and southwestern Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEB147FA",null,null,"Boquillo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/426/mode/1up","Thriothorus berlandieri"],["25646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus tropicalis","Lowery & Newman, 1949","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 22 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-676AF88D",null,null,"one half mile east of Naranjos (alt. 1,000 ft.), San Luis Potosí, Mexico.","New birds from the Sate of San Luis Potosi and the Tuxtla Mountains of Veracruz, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/15/","Thryothorus ludovicianus tropicalis"],["25647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus albinucha","(Cabot, 1847)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 2 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to Petén of northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9010B0B5",null,null,"Yalahau, Yucatan [= Quintana Roo], Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37031#page/266/mode/1up","Troglodytes albinucha"],["25648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryothorus ludovicianus subfulvus","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"arid interior of Guatemala to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE85772C",null,null,"Calabazas, five miles south of Metapa [= Ciudad Dario], Nicaragua.","Descriptions of new Birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Thryothorus albinucha subfulvus"],["25649","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.22",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Troglodytes bewickii [Audubon, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Thryomanes"],["25650","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii","(Audubon, 1827)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1 no.4 pl.18","Bewick's Wren","Bewick's Wren","Bewick's Wren",null,null,"disjunctly in bushy and scrubby areas, thickets, riparian woodland, and chaparral of far southwestern British Colombia (southwestern Canada) along Pacific coast southward to southern Baja California, and in interior USA from southern Wyoming to central Missouri southward through Arizona and eastern Texas to central Oaxaca; very local and declining breeder in eastern USA to Tennessee (formerly more widespread); extinct on San Clemente and Guadalupe islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711377","bewwre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bewwre","avibase-603194D3",null,null,"Five miles from St. Francisville, Louisiana.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/19/","Troglodytes bewickii"],["25651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii calophonus","Oberholser, 1898","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21, no.1153 p.422,440",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern British Columbia to western Washington and western Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-136B4F15",null,null,"South Park, King County, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53529#page/498/mode/1up","Thryomanes bewickii calophonus"],["25652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii drymoecus","Oberholser, 1898","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21, no.1153 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Oregon to California (Sacramento and northern San Joaquin valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D20EA3D",null,null,"Baird, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53529#page/513/mode/1up","Thryomanes bewickii drymoecus"],["25653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii marinensis","Grinnell, 1910","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 no.8 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal California (Del Norte County to Marin County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ADA134A",null,null,"Nicasio, Marin County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/401/mode/1up","Thryomanes bewicki marinensis"],["25654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii spilurus","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.18 pl.4 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central California (San Francisco to Monterey Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB9A5FBA",null,null,"no locality [prob. near San Francisco, California].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/46/mode/1up","Troglodytes spilurus"],["25655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii leucophrys","(Anthony, 1895)","The Auk 12, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly San Clemente Island (off southern California); extinct, last reported in 1941","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ACC0970",null,null,"San Clemente Island, California.","A New Species of Thryothorus from the Pacific Coast","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss1/7/","Thryothorus leucophrys"],["25656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii charienturus","Oberholser, 1898","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21, no.1153 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern California (northward to Morro Bay), including the northern Channel Islands, and northwestern Baja California, Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5DCA3FC",null,null,"Nachoguero, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53529#page/511/mode/1up","Thryomanes bewickii charienturus"],["25657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii cerroensis","(Anthony, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Baja California (30° to 26°N) and Isla Cedros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5534DE6E",null,null,"Isla de Cedros ('Cerros Island'), Baja California, Mexico.","New Birds from the Islands and Peninsula of Lower California","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/4/","Thryothorus cerroensis"],["25658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii magdalenensis","Huey, 1942","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 no.35 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California south of 26°N",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A313CC63",null,null,"Santo Domingo (lat. 28° 15' N.), Llano de Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28521#page/462/mode/1up","Thryomanes bewickii magdalenensis"],["25659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii brevicauda","Ridgway, 1876","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (2), 2 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Guadalupe Island (off Baja California); extinct ca. 1903","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-12929704",null,null,"Isla de Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100255#page/256/mode/1up","Thryomanes brevicauda"],["25660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus","Oberholser, 1898","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21, no.1153 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern California to Utah, Wyoming, western Texas, and west-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C87C8E9",null,null,"Big Hatchet Mountains, Grant County, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53529#page/503/mode/1up","Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus"],["25661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii cryptus","Oberholser, 1898","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21, no.1153 p.422,425",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kansas southward to central, eastern Texas (south-central USA) and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A38569FA",null,null,"San Antonio, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53529#page/498/mode/1up","Thryomanes bewickii cryptus"],["25662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii pulichi","(Phillips, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"central USA, in Kansas, Oklahoma, and presumably north-central Texas, and eastward, perhaps, to Missouri; mostly resident, but some winter in south-central Texas and perhaps northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB0367F5",null,null,"Dallas, N-C Texas",null,null,"Troglodytes bewickii pulichi"],["25663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii sadai","(Phillips, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southernmost Texas (USA) and northeastern Mexico (southward to central Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4A5C6D1",null,null,"40 (road) km E Cd. Victoria, C Tamaulipas, Mexico",null,null,"Troglodytes bewickii sadai"],["25664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii mexicanus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6B7C7BD",null,null,"Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Troglodytes mexicanus"],["25665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryomanes bewickii bewickii","(Audubon, 1827)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1 no.4 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern North America, from northeastern Kansas and southern Iowa eastward to southern Ontario and central Pennsylvania, southward to northern Arkansas, northern Alabama, and central South Carolina; but extirpated from most of its range east of the Mississippi River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80004841",null,null,"Five miles from St. Francisville, Louisiana.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/19/","Troglodytes bewickii"],["25666","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Opetiorhynchus turdinus [zu Wied-Neuwied, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 25).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/97/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus"],["25667","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus","(de Lafresnaye, 1835)","Magasin de Zoologie 5, cl.2 text to pl.46-47, p.5-6; pl.47","Cactus Wren","Cactus Wren","Cactus Wren",null,null,"arid spiny scrub from lowlands to mountains of southeastern California and southern Nevada eastward through central Texas (southwestern to south-central USA) and southward through southern Baja California including Isla Tiburón (Gulf of California), on Pacific slope to northern Sinaloa (northwestern Mexico), and through central plateau of Mexico southward to Estado de México and far northern Tamaulipas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711287","cacwre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cacwre","avibase-891F222F",null,null,"California, error = coast region of southern Sonora, Mexico designated by Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 313.","Sur le genre Grimpic (Picolaptes, Lesson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114196#page/67/mode/1up","Picolaptes brunneicapillus"],["25668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus sandiegensis","Rea, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"arid San Diego County (southern California) and adjacent northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F458513C",null,null,"3.7 km W San Pasqual, W-C San Diego Co., California",null,null,"Campylorhynchus brunneicapillum sandiegense"],["25669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus bryanti","(Anthony, 1894)","The Auk 11, no.3 p.211-212",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Baja California between 31° and 29°30'N",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE5E5348",null,null,"San Telmo, Baja California, Mexico.","Notes on the genus Heleodytes, with a description of a new subspecies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol11/iss3/3/","Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti"],["25670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus affinis","Xántus, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3785C965",null,null,"Cabo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/318/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus affinis"],["25671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus seri","(Van Rossem, 1932)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Tiburón (Gulf of California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DC79A05",null,null,"Isla Tiburon, Sonora, Mexico.","The avifauna of Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of four new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/178/mode/1up","Heleodytes brunneicapillus seri"],["25672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus couesi","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA (southeastern California and southern Nevada east to western Texas) to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico) and far northern Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7212A99",null,null,"Laredo, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/214/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus couesi"],["25673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus brunneicapillus","(de Lafresnaye, 1835)","Magasin de Zoologie 5, cl.2 text to pl.46-47, p.5-6; pl.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (central Sonora to northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-167E9915",null,null,"California, error = coast region of southern Sonora, Mexico designated by Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 313.","Sur le genre Grimpic (Picolaptes, Lesson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114196#page/67/mode/1up","Picolaptes brunneicapillus"],["25674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus guttatus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and central Texas; central plateau of Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E02BAF24",null,null,"Mexico.","Exhibition of Birds allied to the European Wren, with characters of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/103/mode/1up","Thryothorus guttatus"],["25675","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus turdinus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.148, note","Thrush-like Wren","Thrush-like Wren","Thrush-like Wren",null,null,"disjunctly in tropical rainforest and borders in the Amazon basin of southeastern Colombia southward to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (to Entre Rios), in Brazil widespread mostly south of the Amazon River eastward to wetern Maranhão, southward to northern Rio Grande do Sul, and the east-central Atlantic Forest of Brazil (southern Bahia southward to Espírito Santo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711306","thlwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thlwre1","avibase-49145364",null,null,"Rio Catolé, a tributary of the Rio Pardo, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/556/mode/1up","Opetiorhynchos turdinus"],["25676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus turdinus hypostictus","Gould, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.288 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil south of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F068A9E7",null,null,"Río Ucayali, Peru.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/824/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus hypostictus"],["25677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus turdinus turdinus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.148, note",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Maranhão to Goiás, Bahia, and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89A388D8",null,null,"Rio Catolé, a tributary of the Rio Pardo, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/556/mode/1up","Opetiorhynchos turdinus"],["25678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus turdinus unicolor","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.93-94",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Bolivia to southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso) and northern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27C6522E",null,null,"Guarayos, Río Heath, Guarayo, Bolivia.","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur le Genre Campylorhynchus de Spix (1824), Picolaptes Lesson (1830). G. R. Gray, list of the Gen. of birds, p. 26.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/107/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus unicolor"],["25679","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus nuchalis","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.206","Stripe-backed Wren","Stripe-backed Wren","Stripe-backed Wren",null,null,"drier woodland and scrub of lowlands of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela eastward to Paría Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711319","stbwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbwre2","avibase-5987A3C3",null,null,"Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/214/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus nuchalis"],["25680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus nuchalis pardus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.343 p.271-272",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical northern Caribbean Colombia southward to lower Magdalena Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB94D90",null,null,"Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/283/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus pardus"],["25681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus nuchalis brevipennis","Lawrence, 1866","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8[\"1867\"] p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Venezuela (Yarucuy eastward to Miranda and southward to northern Guárico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D21C4F40",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cien. Nat., 12, p. 226.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/364/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus brevipennis"],["25682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus nuchalis nuchalis","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"far east-central Colombia (Arauca), central and eastern Venezuela (Barinas eastward to western Sucre and Delta Amacuro, and southward to Apure and northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-401285BA",null,null,"Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/214/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus nuchalis"],["25683","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus megalopterus","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.339","Grey-barred Wren","Gray-barred Wren","Grey-barred Wren",null,null,"pine-oak montane forest from eastern Jalisco through central Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711309","grbwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbwre1","avibase-5AEBD293",null,null,"Mexico.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/349/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus megalopterus"],["25684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus megalopterus megalopterus","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of Mexican plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E38D7F6",null,null,"Mexico.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/349/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus megalopterus"],["25685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus megalopterus nelsoni","(Ridgway, 1903)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (eastern Puebla, southwestern Veracruz, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5594BFD",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/124/mode/1up","Heleodytes nelsoni"],["25686","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.210 pl.70","Band-backed Wren","Band-backed Wren","Band-backed Wren",null,null,"forest and edge from lowlands to mountains on Caribbean slope from southern Tamaulipas in east-central Mexico southward through Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula) eastward through central Belize to southwestern Nicaragua, locally to Pacific slope; disjunctly on Caribbean slope from northwestern Costa Rica to western Panama, northern and central Colombia, and northwestern to west-central Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711313","babwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babwre1","avibase-DA03B16F",null,null,"California, error = Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico substituted by Brodkorb, 1942, Condor, 49, p. 242.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/350/mode/1up","Picolaptes zonatus"],["25687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus zonatus","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.210 pl.70",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (eastern San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz to northern Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-375611FA",null,null,"California, error = Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico substituted by Brodkorb, 1942, Condor, 49, p. 242.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/350/mode/1up","Picolaptes zonatus"],["25688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus restrictus","(Nelson, 1901)","The Auk 18, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca) to Belize and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD499533",null,null,"Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico.","Descriptions of five new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss1/5/","Heleodytes zonatus restrictus"],["25689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus vulcanius","(Brodkorb, 1940)","The Auk 57, no.4 p.542-549",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4C091BF",null,null,"Aguacaliente, Volcán de Tacana, Chiapas, Mexico.","New Birds from southern Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss4/10/","Heleodytes zonatus vulcanius"],["25690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis","Berlepsch, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.449-450",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Costa Rica to west-central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A852B52",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis"],["25691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus brevirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-837290F4",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/349/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus brevirostris"],["25692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus curvirostris","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 23 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (tropical base of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E0BF5CE",null,null,"New Granada",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132042#page/407/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus curvirostris"],["25693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus zonatus imparilis","Borrero H & Hernández-Camacho, 1958","Caldasia 8, no.37 p.277-280",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0279512",null,null,"Los Pendales, Atlantico, Colombia","Apuntes sobre aves colombianas.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/33024/33051","Campylorhynchus zonatus imparilis"],["25694","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus fasciatus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.351","Fasciated Wren","Fasciated Wren","Fasciated Wren",null,null,"Pacific slope from Manabí in west-central Ecuador southward to northern Lima in west-central Peru, and Huallaga River drainage in Huánuco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711322","faswre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/faswre1","avibase-07DBD2B4",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/363/mode/1up","Furnarius fasciatus"],["25695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus fasciatus pallescens","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Ecuador to northwestern Peru (Tumbes, Piura, and Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E17F04BD",null,null,"'Mexico', error = southwestern Ecuador.","Mélanges ornithologiques. Sur le Genre Campylorhynchus de Spix (1824), Picolaptes Lesson (1830). G. R. Gray, list of the Gen. of birds, p. 26.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/107/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus pallescens"],["25696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus fasciatus fasciatus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Peru (southern Piura to Huánuco and northern Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC1B36DF",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/363/mode/1up","Furnarius fasciatus"],["25697","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus albobrunneus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.10","White-headed Wren","White-headed Wren","White-headed Wren",null,null,"humid lowland to hill forest from central Panama through Colombia west of the Andes",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711316","whhwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhwre1","avibase-75EAF2CA",null,null,"Route of Panama Railroad, near summit of Atlantic slope, Panama.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/34/mode/1up","Heleodytes albo-brunneus"],["25698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus albobrunneus albobrunneus","(Lawrence, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands of central and eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74F1D51F",null,null,"Route of Panama Railroad, near summit of Atlantic slope, Panama.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/34/mode/1up","Heleodytes albo-brunneus"],["25699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus albobrunneus harterti","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) and western Colombia (southward at least to Valle)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE93A25D",null,null,"San Jose, Río Dagua, Valle, Colombia.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/375/mode/1up","Heleodytes harterti"],["25700","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus yucatanicus","(Hellmayr, 1934)","Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History  13, pt.7 p.150","Yucatan Wren","Yucatan Wren","Yucatan Wren",null,null,"arid coastal lowlands of southeastern Mexico (northern Yucatan Peninsula)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711293","yucwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yucwre1","avibase-CD80E82E",null,null,"Río Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part VII. Corvidae-Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20926#page/166/mode/1up","Heleodytes brunneicapillus yucatanicus"],["25701","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus jocosus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.371","Boucard's Wren","Boucard's Wren","Boucard's Wren",null,null,"arid oak-pine forest of southern Mexican plateau",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711290","bouwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bouwre1","avibase-D2879DA9",null,null,"Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/463/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus jocosus"],["25702","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus chiapensis","Salvin & Godman, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.12 p.609","Giant Wren","Giant Wren","Giant Wren",null,null,"humid Pacific lowlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711296","giawre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giawre1","avibase-ECCBDBAF",null,null,"Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of Five new Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Mr. W. B. Richardson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/641/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus chiapensis"],["25703","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus griseus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.325","Bicolored Wren","Bicolored Wren","Bicolored Wren",null,null,"arid to humid scrub from lowlands to mountains of Darién in far eastern Panama through northern and central Colombia, northern Venezuela, and disjunctly savannas of southeastern Venezuela, southwestern Guyana, and Roraima in far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711299","bicwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bicwre1","avibase-EBFB7E8D",null,null,"savannas of Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/337/mode/1up","Furnarius griseus"],["25704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus griseus albicilius","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38, no.3 p.57, note",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Macaraibo Basin, Falcón, Lara, and western Trujillo); recently recorded in eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B18A695A",null,null,"Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Cinquième communication : Chanteurs subulirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/67/mode/1up","Buglodytes albicilius"],["25705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus griseus bicolor","(Pelzeln, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.330-331",null,null,null,null,null,"upper Magdalena Valley and western slope of eastern Andes in Santander and Boyacá (Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16159DF6",null,null,"'Spanish Guiana' [= 'Bogotá', Colombia].","On some Birds from Spanish Guiana collected by Herr Münzberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/362/mode/1up","Heleodytes bicolor"],["25706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus griseus zimmeri","Borrero H & Hernández-Camacho, 1958","Caldasia 8, no.37 p.272-277",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Huila and Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1A284EB",null,null,"17.5 kilometers SE of Villavieja, Departamento del Huila, Colombia, alt. c. 487 m","Apuntes sobre aves colombianas.","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/33024/33051","Campylorhynchus griseus zimmeri"],["25707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus griseus minor","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Venezuela (Cojedes and Apure eastward to Sucre and Monagas, southward to northern Bolívar) and eastern Colombia (Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25239F45",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Cd. Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cien. Nat., 12, p. 225.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/96/mode/1up","Heleodytes minor"],["25708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus griseus pallidus","Phelps & Phelps, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.33 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Amazonas, in Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3FF163A",null,null,"Carlo Cantaniapo (alt. 100 m.), Amazonas, Venezuela.","Ten new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/164/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus griseus pallidus"],["25709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus griseus griseus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (northwestern Amazonas, northwestern and southeastern Bolívar), western Guyana, and far northern Brazil (northeastern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38637BE6",null,null,"savannas of Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/337/mode/1up","Furnarius griseus"],["25710","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus gularis","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.462","Spotted Wren","Spotted Wren","Spotted Wren",null,null,"oak-pine woodland of western and central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711284","spowre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spowre1","avibase-B77A0E9A",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Bolanos, Jalisco, by Nelson, 1898, Auk, 15, p. 160.","Characters of Ten New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/576/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus gularis"],["25711","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus capistratus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.174","Rufous-backed Wren","Rufous-backed Wren","Rufous-backed Wren","2025-1150","Taxa <em>capistratus </em>(polytypic) and <em>humilis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Campylorhynchus rufinucha</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Sosa-López et al. 2013; Boesman 2016j; Ku-Peralta et al. 2020) combined with evidence from mitochondrial DNA and morphology (Vázquez-Miranda et al. 2009). Furthermore, the hybrid zone between <em>C. capistratus</em> and <em>C. humilis</em>, detailed by Selander (1964), is drastically reduced in extent or no longer exists (Vázquez-Miranda et al. 2009).","dry forest, arid scrub, and parks and gardens from southeastern Mexico (Chiapas), southward along the Pacific slope to west-central Costa Rica; in northern Honduras also across the Caribbean slope",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103887650","runwre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runwre4","avibase-99A2DDD7",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/184/mode/1up","Picolaptes capistrata"],["25712","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus capistratus nigricaudatus","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (coastal Chiapas) to western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAA6EFF0",null,null,"San Benito, near Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Heleodytes capistratus nigricaudatus"],["25713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus capistratus capistratus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"El Salvador to northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74A0A76A",null,null,"Realejo, Nicaragua.","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/184/mode/1up","Picolaptes capistrata"],["25714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus capistratus xerophilus","(Griscom, 1930)","American Museum Novitates no.414 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Motagua Valley, in interior of Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B913896",null,null,"Progreso, Guatemala","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3131/","Heleodytes capistratus xerophilus"],["25715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus capistratus castaneus","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.655 p.507",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Honduras (Sula Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47AFEA51",null,null,"Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/521/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus castaneus"],["25716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus capistratus nicaraguae","(Miller & Griscom, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.159 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of western Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AACA8284",null,null,"Matagalpa (3500 ft.), Nicaragua","Descriptions of new birds from Nicaragua.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4373/","Heleodytes rufinucha nicaraguae"],["25717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus capistratus nicoyae","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicoya Peninsula (northwestern Costa Rica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E3AFBE7",null,null,"Tambor, Nicoya Peninsula, NW Costa Rica",null,null,"Campylorhynchus rufinucha nicoyae"],["25718","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus rufinucha","(Lesson, 1838)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.9 p.168 (note)","Veracruz Wren","Veracruz Wren","Rufous-naped Wren","2025-1150","Taxa <em>capistratus </em>(polytypic) and <em>humilis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Campylorhynchus rufinucha</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Sosa-López et al. 2013; Boesman 2016j; Ku-Peralta et al. 2020) combined with evidence from mitochondrial DNA and morphology (Vázquez-Miranda et al. 2009). Furthermore, the hybrid zone between <em>C. capistratus</em> and <em>C. humilis</em>, detailed by Selander (1964), is drastically reduced in extent or no longer exists (Vázquez-Miranda et al. 2009).","lowlands of central Veracruz (eastern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103887340","runwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runwre2","avibase-5C021745",null,null,"Veracruz, Mexico.","Mémoire descriptif d'espèces ou de genres d'oiseaux nouveaux ou imparfaitement décrits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47936#page/172/mode/1up","Picolaptes rufinucha"],["25719","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Campylorhynchus humilis","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.263","Russet-naped Wren","Russet-naped Wren","Sclater's Wren","2025-1150","Taxa <em>capistratus </em>(polytypic) and <em>humilis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Campylorhynchus rufinucha</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Sosa-López et al. 2013; Boesman 2016j; Ku-Peralta et al. 2020) combined with evidence from mitochondrial DNA and morphology (Vázquez-Miranda et al. 2009). Furthermore, the hybrid zone between <em>C. capistratus</em> and <em>C. humilis</em>, detailed by Selander (1964), is drastically reduced in extent or no longer exists (Vázquez-Miranda et al. 2009).","arid lowlands of southwestern Mexico (Colima and southern Jalisco to western Chiapas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103887386","runwre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runwre3","avibase-E664FCBD",null,null,"'Mazatlán', [Sinaloa], error = Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/283/mode/1up","Campylorhynchus humilis"],["25720","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus","Billberg, 1828","Synopsis faunae Scandinaviae, complectens animalia Sveciae Norvegiae que hucusque detecta 1, pt.2 p.57, tab.A",null,null,null,"2026-093","The genus <em>Nannus</em> is reinstated for <em>Troglodytes troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as proposed by Rice (1999) and supported by the genetic data of Barker (2017) and Imfeld et al. (2024). All studies recovered <em>Troglodytes</em> as paraphyletic with the multi-locus data of Imfeld et al. (2024) placing <em>T. troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as the sister lineage to <em>Cistothorus</em> with modest support. As the type species of <em>Troglodytes</em> is <em>T. aedon</em> (Paynter &amp; Vaurie 1960), the genus name <em>Nannus</em> Billberg 1828 is recognized for these species. In addition, the monotypic genus <em>Thryorchilus</em> is merged with <em>Troglodytes sensu stricto</em> based on genetic evidence (e.g., Imfeld et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla troglodytes [Linnaeus]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137828#page/59/mode/1up","Nannus"],["25721","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus hiemalis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.514","Winter Wren","Winter Wren","Winter Wren","2026-093","The genus <em>Nannus</em> is reinstated for <em>Troglodytes troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as proposed by Rice (1999) and supported by the genetic data of Barker (2017) and Imfeld et al. (2024). All studies recovered <em>Troglodytes</em> as paraphyletic with the multi-locus data of Imfeld et al. (2024) placing <em>T. troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as the sister lineage to <em>Cistothorus</em> with modest support. As the type species of <em>Troglodytes</em> is <em>T. aedon</em> (Paynter &amp; Vaurie 1960), the genus name <em>Nannus</em> Billberg 1828 is recognized for these species. In addition, the monotypic genus <em>Thryorchilus</em> is merged with <em>Troglodytes sensu stricto</em> based on genetic evidence (e.g., Imfeld et al. 2024).","breeds in forest from northeastern British Columbia eastward to Newfoundland (northwestern to northeastern Canada), southward to Wisconsin to southern Ontario, and in the Appalachians to far northeastern Georgia; winters in the southern half of the eastern USA to northeastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103885731","winwre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/winwre3","avibase-C757BD95",null,null,"Nova Scotia and New York; restricted to Nova Scotia by Oberholser, 1902, Auk, 19, p. 178.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/540/mode/1up","Troglodytes hiemalis"],["25722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus hiemalis hiemalis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.514",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern North America from southern Canada to southern Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4050EEA",null,null,"Nova Scotia and New York; restricted to Nova Scotia by Oberholser, 1902, Auk, 19, p. 178.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/540/mode/1up","Troglodytes hiemalis"],["25723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus hiemalis pullus","Burleigh, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48, no.15 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Appalachian Mountains (eastern West Virginia and western Virginia to northeastern Georgia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03B039FF",null,null,"Mount Mitchell (alt. 6,500 ft.), North Carolina.","Two new Birds from the southern Appalachians.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/87/mode/1up","Nannus hiemalis pullus"],["25724","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus","(Baird, 1864)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.145, 138 (in key)","Pacific Wren","Pacific Wren","Pacific Wren","2026-093","The genus <em>Nannus</em> is reinstated for <em>Troglodytes troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as proposed by Rice (1999) and supported by the genetic data of Barker (2017) and Imfeld et al. (2024). All studies recovered <em>Troglodytes</em> as paraphyletic with the multi-locus data of Imfeld et al. (2024) placing <em>T. troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as the sister lineage to <em>Cistothorus</em> with modest support. As the type species of <em>Troglodytes</em> is <em>T. aedon</em> (Paynter &amp; Vaurie 1960), the genus name <em>Nannus</em> Billberg 1828 is recognized for these species. In addition, the monotypic genus <em>Thryorchilus</em> is merged with <em>Troglodytes sensu stricto</em> based on genetic evidence (e.g., Imfeld et al. 2024).","bogs, swamps, shrubland, coniferous, riparian, hardwood and mixed forest from southern and western Alaska, including the Aleutian and Pribilof islands, southward to southwestern Alberta (southwestern Canada) in northern Rocky Mountains to southern Idaho and western Montana, and the USA along the Pacific coast and ranges to central California, with isolated population in central Arizona and possibly in western South Dakota (Black Hills); some downslope winter movement",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103884879","pacwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacwre1","avibase-CF5B7A9D",null,null,"Simiahmoo, Puget Sound, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/157/mode/1up","Troglodytes hiemalis var. pacificus"],["25725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus alascensis","(Baird, 1869)","Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1, (not earlier than October 22) p.280 (nomen nudum), 315, pl. 30, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pribilof Islands (St. George, St. Paul, and Otter)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-090D33CF",null,null,"Saint George Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.",null,"https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Transactions_of_the_Chicago_Academy_of_S/sCHSAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=inauthor:%22Chicago+Academy+Of+Sciences%22&printsec=frontcover","Troglodytes alascensis"],["25726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus meligerus","(Oberholser, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.1 p.25-26",null,null,null,null,null,"western Aleutians (Attu, Agattu, Alaid, Nitzi, and Buldir)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE01093C",null,null,"Attu Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.","A new Wren from Alaska.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss1/5/","Anorthura meligera"],["25727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus kiskensis","Oberholser, 1919","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 55, no.2265 p.228-229 (p.226,list)",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central to eastern Aleutians (Kiska eastward) and western Alaskan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFB73B8F",null,null,"Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.","Notes on the Wrens of the genus Nannus Billberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32554#page/266/mode/1up","Nannus troglodytes kiskensis"],["25728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus tanagensis","Oberholser, 1919","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 55, no.2265 p.230-232 (p.226,list)",null,null,null,null,null,"central Aleutians (Tanaga, Adak, and Atka)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B580CADC",null,null,"Tanaga Bay, Tanaga Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.","Notes on the Wrens of the genus Nannus Billberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32554#page/268/mode/1up","Nannus troglodytes tanagensis"],["25729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus seguamensis","(Gabrielson & Lincoln, 1951)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"central Aleutians (Seguam, Amutka, and Yunaska)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DF5095B",null,null,"Seguam Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.","A new Alaskan race of the Winter Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/91/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes seguamensis"],["25730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus petrophilus","Oberholser, 1919","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 55, no.2265 p.232-233 (p.226,list)",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Aleutians (Unalaska, Amaknak, and Akutan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E84B6593",null,null,"Unalaska, Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.","Notes on the Wrens of the genus Nannus Billberg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32554#page/270/mode/1up","Nannus troglodytes petrophilus"],["25731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus stevensoni","Oberholser, 1930","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 43 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"western Alaska Peninsula, Amak, and Amagat islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ADEA97D",null,null,"Amak Island, Alaska.","Another new subspecies of Nannus troglodytes from Alaska.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107495#page/177/mode/1up","Nannus troglodytes stevensoni"],["25732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus ochroleucus","(Rea, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"islands south of Alaskan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DBB879B",null,null,"near Killisnoo, Admiralty Island, SE Alaska",null,null,"Troglodytes troglodytes ochroleucus"],["25733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus semidiensis","Brooks, 1915","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 59, no.5 p.400",null,null,null,null,null,"Semidi Islands (Gulf of Alaska)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-554AEBD1",null,null,"Chowiet Island, Semidi Islands, Alaska.","Notes on birds from east Siberia and arctic Alaska.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30030#page/468/mode/1up","Nannus hiemalis semidiensis"],["25734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus helleri","(Osgood, 1901)","The Auk 18, no.2 p.181-182",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Alaska (Kodiak, Afognak, and Raspberry islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A32F448F",null,null,"English Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska.","New subspecies of North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss2/12/","Anorthura hiemalis helleri"],["25735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus pacificus","(Baird, 1864)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.145, 138 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska, western Canada, and northwestern USA; winters to southwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8E1D0F7",null,null,"Simiahmoo, Puget Sound, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/157/mode/1up","Troglodytes hiemalis var. pacificus"],["25736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus muiri","(Rea, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern California (south to Marin County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1D449F8",null,null,"Navarro River, 7 km inland, Mendocio Co., California",null,null,"Troglodytes troglodytes muiri"],["25737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus obscurior","(Rea, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central California (San Francisco to San Luis Obispo County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FDFC172",null,null,"N. fork Cosumnes R., 977 m alt., Grizzly flats area, El Dorado Co., California",null,null,"Troglodytes troglodytes obscurior"],["25738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus pacificus salebrosus","(Burleigh, 1959)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72 no.5 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"interior British Columbia to northeastern Oregon and western Montana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5130A28",null,null,"Dismal Lake, Shoshone County, Idaho","Two new subspecies of birds from western North America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/30/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes salebrosus"],["25739","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188","Eurasian Wren","Eurasian Wren","Northern Wren","2026-093","The genus <em>Nannus</em> is reinstated for <em>Troglodytes troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as proposed by Rice (1999) and supported by the genetic data of Barker (2017) and Imfeld et al. (2024). All studies recovered <em>Troglodytes</em> as paraphyletic with the multi-locus data of Imfeld et al. (2024) placing <em>T. troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as the sister lineage to <em>Cistothorus</em> with modest support. As the type species of <em>Troglodytes</em> is <em>T. aedon</em> (Paynter &amp; Vaurie 1960), the genus name <em>Nannus</em> Billberg 1828 is recognized for these species. In addition, the monotypic genus <em>Thryorchilus</em> is merged with <em>Troglodytes sensu stricto</em> based on genetic evidence (e.g., Imfeld et al. 2024).","lowland to montane understory in deciduous and mixed woodland, urban parks, moorland, alpine scrub, and offshore islands with scant cover, from Iceland, North Atlantic islands, and British Isles eastward to Kamchatka and Japan, and southward to northern Africa, Levant, Caucasus, Himalayas, southern China, and Taiwan; some northern populations migrate southward, and some montane populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103883277","winwre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/winwre4","avibase-AF700208",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Troglodytes"],["25740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes islandicus","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Iceland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F10E732",null,null,"Gilsbakki, Iceland.","Description of a new Wren from Iceland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/52/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus"],["25741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes borealis","(Fischer, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.14, pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Faroe Islands (northern Atlantic Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57D29DC3",null,null,"Faroe Islands.","Der faröische Zaunkönig, Troglodytes borealis n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/28/mode/1up","Troglodytes borealis"],["25742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes zetlandicus","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.777",null,null,null,null,null,"Shetland Islands (Scotland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EAF0F34",null,null,"Dunrossness, Shetland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/867/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes zetlandicus"],["25743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes fridariensis","(Williamson, 1951)","Ibis vol.93, no.4 p.599",null,null,null,null,null,"Fair Isle (Scotland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89171CE2",null,null,"Fair Isle, south of the Shetlands.","The Wrens of Fair Isle.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1951.tb05461.x","Troglodytes troglodytes fridariensis"],["25744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes hirtensis","(Seebohm, 1884)","The Zoologist 17 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Kilda Island (Scotland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C85C7CB",null,null,"Saint Kilda Island west of the Hebrides.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90043#page/357/mode/1up","Troglodytes hirtensis"],["25745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes hebridensis","(Meinertzhagen, 1924)","The Scottish Naturalist p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Outer Hebrides Islands (Scotland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A75C2F4",null,null,"Butt of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.","A note on Scottish Wrens (Troglodytes) with characteristics of a newly defined Hebridean race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/201515#page/353/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes hebridensis"],["25746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes indigenus","(Clancey, 1937)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Ireland, Inner Hebrides, Orkneys, Scotland, and England",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAE0B30B",null,null,"Carmunnock, Lanarkshire, southwestern Scotland.","Descriptions of a new race of Wren from West Scotland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/185/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus"],["25747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes troglodytes","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"continental Europe and Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E062368",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Troglodytes"],["25748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes kabylorum","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.780",null,null,null,null,null,"Balearic Islands, southern Spain, and northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92DC469A",null,null,"bei der Stadt Algier [near Alger, Algeria].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/870/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum"],["25749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes koenigi","(Schiebel, 1910)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 21 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1FD890D",null,null,"Vizzavona, Corsica.","Neue Vogelformen aus Corsica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209489#page/122/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes koenigi"],["25750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes juniperi","(Hartert, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFD18F6C",null,null,"near Merg, northwestern Cyrenaica.","Descriptions of new subspecies from Cyrenaica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/362/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes juniperi"],["25751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes cypriotes","(Bate, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Near East",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3B626E2",null,null,"Cyprus.","Description of new Wren from Cyprus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/423/mode/1up","Anorthura Cypriotes"],["25752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes hyrcanus","(Zarudny & Loudon, 1905)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.107-108",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula to Caucasus Mountains, northern Iraq, and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C49E981",null,null,"Caspian provinces of northern Iran.","Vorläufige Bemerkungen über drei ornithologische Neuheiten aus Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/121/mode/1up","Troglodytes parvulus hyrcanus"],["25753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes tianschanicus","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.273,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains from Tian Shan (possibly from Altai) southward to Pamir and northeastern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF057F37",null,null,"Severtzov Turkestan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/291/mode/1up","Troglodytes tianschanica"],["25754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes subpallidus","(Zarudny & Loudon, 1905)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97260BC5",null,null,"'Mountains of northeastern Persia . . . Khorasan . . . eastward to the Paropamisus.","Vorläufige Bemerkungen über drei ornithologische Neuheiten aus Persien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/121/mode/1up","Troglodytes parvulus subpallidus"],["25755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes magrathi","(Whitehead, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains on borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4104507",null,null,"Safed Koh between 8,500 and 12,500 feet.","Description of a new species of Wren from the Safed Koh range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/45/mode/1up","Anorthura magrathi"],["25756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes neglectus","(Brooks, 1872)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.4 p.328-329",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Gilgit to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04F3DE92",null,null,"Kashmir.","On two undescribed Cashmir Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/338/mode/1up","Troglodytes neglectus"],["25757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes nipalensis","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.589",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to northeastern Assam and southern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FFFE750",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/135/mode/1up","Troglodytes nipalensis"],["25758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes idius","(Richmond, 1907)","Publication Carnegie Institution no.54, vol. 1, pt.2 p.498, pl. 59",null,null,null,null,null,"northern China (southern Hebei to Shandong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F75B702",null,null,"Wang Kuai Chon, Hopeh [at about 114° 30' E. Long.; 38° 45' N. Lat.].","Report on Zoology. [Research in China].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/296522#page/180/mode/1up","Olbiorchilus fumigatus idius"],["25759","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes szetschuanus","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.783",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Shaanxi and Sichuan eastward to Hupei)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA71A64B",null,null,"'Tsingling Range, Szechwan, Ichang'; type from Lungan [= Pingwu], northern Szechwan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/873/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes szetschuanus"],["25760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes talifuensis","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (southern Sichuan to western Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA2F62F4",null,null,"Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Tali, northern Yunnan.","On new birds from Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/381/mode/1up","Anorthura talifuensis"],["25761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes dauricus","(Dybowski & Taczanowski, 1884)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 9ème vol. p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to Sakhalin, northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45B2E602",null,null,"Dauria.","Liste des oiseaux du Kamtschatka et des Iles Comandores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110352#page/177/mode/1up","Troglodytes dauricus"],["25762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes pallescens","(Ridgway, 1883)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.345 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Kamchatka Peninsula and Komandorskiye Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-269DB1C0",null,null,"Bering Island, Commander Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/107/mode/1up","Anorthura pallescens"],["25763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes kurilensis","(Stejneger, 1889)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.751 p.548",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kuril Islands (Shasukotan and Ushichi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62BA1185",null,null,"Shasukotan Island, northern Kuriles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/684/mode/1up","Troglodytes fumigatus kurilensis"],["25764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes fumigatus","(Temminck, 1835)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.3 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kuril Islands and Japan southward to Kyushu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7310F1FF",null,null,"japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131797#page/257/mode/1up","Troglodytes fumigatus"],["25765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes mosukei","(Momiyama, 1923)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 35 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"Izu Islands and Daito Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2A12FC9",null,null,"Hachijo, Seven Islands of Izu.","Descriptions of ten new subspecies from the Seven Islands, Japan.",null,"Troglodytes troglodytes mosukei"],["25766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes ogawae","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.784",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Japan (Tanegashima and Yakushima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27DE432D",null,null,"Yakushima.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/874/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes ogawae"],["25767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Nannus troglodytes taivanus","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.776",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CF51EDB",null,null,"Mt. Arizan, Formosa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/866/mode/1up","Troglodytes troglodytes taivanus"],["25768","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Troglodytes stellaris [ J.F. Naumann, 1823 ]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 31).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/93/mode/1up","Cistothorus"],["25769","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus palustris","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.58 pl.12 fig.4","Eastern Marsh Wren","Eastern Marsh Wren",null,"2026-091","Cistothorus paludicola is treated as a polytypic species separate from <em>C. palustris</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Kroodsma &amp; Verner 2020) and genomics (Kroodsma et al. 2026) with evidence for strong assortative mating in areas of overlap. Subspecies <em>tolucensis</em> from central Mexico is treated as a subspecies of <em>C. paludicola</em> based on vocalizations.","breeds in marshes from eastern Alberta and throughout southern Canada, southward through eastern Nebraska and northeastern Kansas and Missouri to Pennsylvania, eastern US seaboard, and Gulf coast (except southern Texas and southern Florida); winters from east-central USA to Gulf Coast and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,"eamwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eamwre1","avibase-5D56DAAA",null,null,"borders of the Schuylkill and Delaware [Rivers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/68/mode/1up","Certhia palustris"],["25770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus palustris iliacus","(Ridgway, 1903)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Canada to central USA; winters to Gulf Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC9E94F7",null,null,"Wheatland, Knox County, Indiana.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/123/mode/1up","Telmatodytes palustris iliacus"],["25771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus palustris dissaeptus","Bangs, 1902","The Auk 19, no.4 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Canada to north-central and northeastern USA; winters to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FD34CA1",null,null,"Wayland, Massachusetts.","A new Long-billed Marsh Wren from Eastern North America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol19/iss4/2/","Cistothorus palustris dissaëptus"],["25772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus palustris palustris","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.58 pl.12 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal marshes of New England to Virginia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2955012A",null,null,"borders of the Schuylkill and Delaware [Rivers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/68/mode/1up","Certhia palustris"],["25773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus palustris waynei","(Dingle & Sprunt, 1932)","The Auk 49, no.4 p.454",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal marshes of southern Virginia to North Carolina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-317E1828",null,null,"Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.","A New Marsh Wren from North Carolina","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol49/iss4/6/","Telmatodytes palustris waynei"],["25774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus palustris griseus","Brewster, 1893","The Auk 10, no.3 p.216-217",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal marshes of northeastern South Carolina to east-central Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84C55650",null,null,"Sapelo Island, Georgia.","Description of a new Marsh Wren, with critical notes on Cistothorus marianae Scott.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol10/iss3/3/","Cistothorus palustris griseus"],["25775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus palustris marianae","Scott, 1888","The Auk 5, no.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal marshes of far eastern Texas to southwestern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41DE6B2E",null,null,"Tarpon Springs, Florida.","Supplementary notes from the gulf coast of Florida, with a description of a new species of Marsh Wren.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss2/10/","Cistothorus marianae"],["25776","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.148","Western Marsh Wren","Western Marsh Wren",null,"2026-091","Cistothorus paludicola is treated as a polytypic species separate from <em>C. palustris</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Kroodsma &amp; Verner 2020) and genomics (Kroodsma et al. 2026) with evidence for strong assortative mating in areas of overlap. Subspecies <em>tolucensis</em> from central Mexico is treated as a subspecies of <em>C. paludicola</em> based on vocalizations.","breeds in marshes of southeastern Yukon and southern Northwest Territories southward through eastern British Colombia and eastern Alberta, central Nebraska, northern Baja California, and southern New Mexico, and disjunctly in central Mexico (Río Lerma marshes to Hidalgo and México to western Puebla); winters in interior of southwestern USA to central Mexico",null,null,null,"marwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwre1","avibase-2B20EB43",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/160/mode/1up","Cistothorus palustris var. paludicola"],["25777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola browningi","Rea, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal marshes of southwestern British Columbia to central Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB54B8D1",null,null,"Pitt Meadows, SW British Columbia",null,null,"Cistothorus palustris browningi"],["25778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola paludicola","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Washington to northwestern Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C6ED132",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/160/mode/1up","Cistothorus palustris var. paludicola"],["25779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola clarkae","Unitt, Messer & Théry, 1996","Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 31 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California (Los Angeles County to San Diego County, inland to western Riverside County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73A102FC",null,null,"at the east end of Batiquitos Lagoon, city of Carisbad, San Diego County, California (35\" 06' N, 117\" 16' W). collected by Philip Unitt (original number 1357) on 23 August 1994","Taxonomy of the Marsh Wren in southern California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21707#page/22/mode/1up","Cistothorus palustris clarkae"],["25780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola pulverius","(Aldrich, 1946)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"central British Columbia and Idaho to northeastern and eastern California (east of the Sierra Nevada to northern Inyo County) and adjacent western Nevada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83F58F41",null,null,"Sprgue, Lincoln County, Washington",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123310#page/150/mode/1up","Telmatodytes palustris pulverius"],["25781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola plesius","Oberholser, 1897","The Auk 14, no.2 p.188-193",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Idaho to Colorado and New Mexico; winters to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47B53C4B",null,null,"Fort Wingate, New Mexico.","Critical remarks on Cistothorus palustris (Wils.) and its western allies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/7/","Cistothorus palustris plesius"],["25782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola laingi","(Harper, 1926)","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds west-central Canada to Montana; winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D076720",null,null,"Athabasca Delta, Main Branch (9 miles above mouth), Alberta, Canada.","A new Marsh Wren from Alberta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/261/mode/1up","Telmatodytes palustris laingi"],["25783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola aestuarinus","(Swarth, 1917)","The Auk 34, no.3 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central Oregon to southern California (Ventura County), the Central Valley, and desert marshes of southern California, southern Nevada, and southwestern Arizona",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A21FA0",null,null,"Grizzly Island, Solano County, California.","A revision of the Marsh Wrens of California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol34/iss3/8/","Telmatodytes palustris aestuarinus"],["25784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola deserticola","Rea, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern California (southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F8ABFBF",null,null,"New River 3.2 km NNW Seeley, Imperial Co. C-S. California",null,null,"Cistothorus palustris deserticola"],["25785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus paludicola tolucensis","(Nelson, 1904)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico (Río Lerma marshes to Hidalgo and México to western Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F69D188",null,null,"Lerma, Mexico, Mexico.","Descriptions of four new birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/170/mode/1up","Telmatodytes palustris tolucensis"],["25786","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus stellaris","(Naumann, 1823)","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen : Durchaus umgearbeit, systematisch geordnet, sehr vermehrt, vervollständigt, und mit getreu nach der Natur eigenhändig gezeichneten und gestochenen Abbildungen aller deutschen Vögel, nebst ihren Hauptverschiedenheiten 10 p.724 (table)","Sedge Wren","Sedge Wren","Sedge Wren",null,null,"breeds eastern Canada to eastern USA; winters Florida to northeastern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103887005","sedwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sedwre1","avibase-43D33E03",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105312#page/227/mode/1up","Troglodytes stellaris"],["25787","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus meridae","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.74","Merida Wren","Merida Wren","Merida Wren",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Trujillo and Mérida)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711370","merwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/merwre1","avibase-1DEA4AB6",null,null,"El Loro (alt. 3,000 m.), Mérida, Venezuela.","Exhibition of some new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/498/mode/1up","Cistothorus platensis meridae"],["25788","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus apolinari","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.635","Apolinar's Wren","Apolinar's Wren","Apolinar's Wren",null,null,"high-altitude wetlands and páramo of Boyacá to Bogotá in eastern ranges of Colombia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711366","apowre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apowre1","avibase-E3052D44",null,null,"Suba Marshes [= Tibabuyes] (alt. 8,600 ft.), 4 mi. [north] from Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Cistothorus apolinari"],["25789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus apolinari apolinari","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.40 p.635",null,null,null,null,null,"marshes of eastern Andes of Colombia (Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Cundinamarca and Boyacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4C9528B",null,null,"Suba Marshes [= Tibabuyes] (alt. 8,600 ft.), 4 mi. [north] from Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. III.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1751","Cistothorus apolinari"],["25790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus apolinari hernandezi","Stiles & Caycedo, 2002","Caldasia 24, no.1 p.191-199",null,null,null,null,null,"Páramo of Sumapaz Massif (south of Bogotá) in Cundinamarca to Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Güicán, and Chita in Boyacá (central Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEE60DCB",null,null,"Lagunas  de  Chisacal,Parque  Nacional  Natural  Sumapaz  (3800  m;4º36’N, 74º25’W), by  Paula  Caycedo, 28 April 2000","A New Subspecies of Apolinar's Wren (Cistothorus apolinari, Aves: Troglodytidae), an Endangered Colombian Endemic","https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/39440/41331","Cistothorus apolinari hernandezi"],["25791","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.548","Grass Wren","Grass Wren","Grass Wren",null,null,"disjunctly in marshes, damp grasslands, shrubby vegetation, puna grasslands, and flooded savanna from mountains of central and southeastern Mexico southward to pine savanna in Belize, mountains of Guatemala to northern Nicaragua, central Costa Rica, Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, coastal mountains of Venezuela, tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima), the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northwestern Argentina, reaching the lowlands in northern Bolivia, the Cerrado of Brazil (northern Goiás and central Minas Gerais) southward to eastern Paraguay and northern Uruguay, from central Chile and central Argentina southward to Tierra del Fuego, and the Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103886997","sedwre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sedwre","avibase-CB4C1514",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Argentina; based on 'Le Roitelet de Buenos-Ayres' of Daubenton's Planches Enlum., pl. 730, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/88/mode/1up","Sylvia platensis"],["25792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis tinnulus","Moore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Nayarit to Michoacán, México, and Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1990E5A4",null,null,"Rancho La Cofradia (alt. ca. 5,200 ft.), 4 miles east of' Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico.","New races of Flycatcher, Warbler and Wrens from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/64/mode/1up","Cistothorus platensis tinnulus"],["25793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis potosinus","Dickerman, 1975","American Museum Novitates no.2569 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Mexico (San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F55FDE9",null,null,"Launa Manatiales Media Luna, San Luis Potosí, Mexico","Revision of the Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus platensis) of Mexico and Central America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2759/","Cistothorus platensis potosinus"],["25794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis jalapensis","Dickerman, 1975","American Museum Novitates no.2569 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (interior central Veracruz to Orizaba region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83B05ACD",null,null,"18 km by road E. of Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico","Revision of the Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus platensis) of Mexico and Central America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2759/","Cistothorus platensis jalapensis"],["25795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis warneri","Dickerman, 1975","American Museum Novitates no.2569 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, and western Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E1D491B",null,null,"9 miles N. of Chontalapa, Tabasco, Mexico","Revision of the Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus platensis) of Mexico and Central America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2759/","Cistothorus platensis warneri"],["25796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis russelli","Dickerman, 1975","American Museum Novitates no.2569 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"pine ridge region of Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57E3501F",null,null,"Augustine, Cayo District, British Honduras [=Belize]","Revision of the Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus platensis) of Mexico and Central America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2759/","Cistothorus platensis russelli"],["25797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis elegans","Sclater & Salvin, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.8-9",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AD42CF1",null,null,"Lago de Dueñas, Sacatepequez, Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/30/mode/1up","Cistothorus elegans"],["25798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis graberi","Dickerman, 1975","American Museum Novitates no.2569 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras to northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF251E90",null,null,"Puerto Lempira, Department of Gracias a dios, Honduras","Revision of the Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus platensis) of Mexico and Central America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2759/","Cistothorus platensis graberi"],["25799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis lucidus","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical central Costa Rica to western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E87C1AFB",null,null,"Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama.","Diagnoses of nine new forms of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/182/mode/1up","Cistothorus polyglottus lucidus"],["25800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis alticola","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela (coastal mountains, highlands of the Gran Sabana) and (?) Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFC5F1D7",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/250/mode/1up","Cistothorus alticola"],["25801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis aequatorialis","Lawrence, 1871","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10 (1-3) p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from Venezuela and Colombia southward to northern Peru (Cajamarca); southern distributional limit not yet documented",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2280A3B",null,null,"Pichincha, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/23/mode/1up","Cistothorus aequatorialis"],["25802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis graminicola","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco to Junín); no doubt more widespread, but northern and southern distributional limits not yet documented",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CA81D60",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/198/mode/1up","Cistothorus graminicola"],["25803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis minimus","Carriker, 1935","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru to southern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03CA9AF7",null,null,"Oconeque (alt. 9,000 ft.), Puno, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Cistothorus platensis minimus"],["25804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis polyglottus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz) and southeastern Brazil (Goiás and Minas Gerais to Paraná); intergrades with platensis in southern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil (Río Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA30D57D",null,null,"Paraguay 1 , based on de Azara's 'Todo Vox'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/67/mode/1up","Thryothorus polyglottus"],["25805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis tucumanus","Hartert, 1909","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB92F778",null,null,"Tucumán, Argentina.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/183/mode/1up","Cistothorus platensis tucumanus"],["25806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis platensis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.548",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Argentina to Córdoba and Mendoza",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF5F08C9",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Argentina; based on 'Le Roitelet de Buenos-Ayres' of Daubenton's Planches Enlum., pl. 730, fig. 2.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/88/mode/1up","Sylvia platensis"],["25807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis hornensis","(Lesson, 1834)","L'institut Journal des Academies et Sociétés Scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger 2, no.72 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Argentina (Neuquén) and Chile (Coquimbo) to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77678129",null,null,"'at sea twenty leagues southeast of Cape Horn'.",null,"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.104886611&seq=354","Troglodytes hornensis"],["25808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cistothorus platensis falklandicus","Chapman, 1934","American Museum Novitates no.762 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B350B70",null,null,"Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands.","Descriptions of new Birds from Mocha Island, Chile, and the Falkland Islands, with comments on their bird-life and that of Juan Fernandez Islands and Chiloe Island, Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4177/","Cistothorus platensis falklandicus"],["25809","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Ferminia","Barbour, 1926","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ferminia cerverai [Barbour, 1926]; type by original designation",null,"A remarkable new Bird from Cuba (Troglodytidae).",null,"Ferminia"],["25810","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Ferminia cerverai","Barbour, 1926","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.74","Zapata Wren","Zapata Wren","Zapata Wren",null,null,"southwestern Cuba (dense vegetation of Zapata Swamp)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711392","zapwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zapwre1","avibase-4C688475",null,null,"Santo Tomas, Cienaga de Zapata, Las Villas, Cuba.","A remarkable new Bird from Cuba (Troglodytidae).",null,"Ferminia cerverai"],["25811","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes","Vieillot, 1809","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.52",null,null,null,"2026-093","The genus <em>Nannus</em> is reinstated for <em>Troglodytes troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as proposed by Rice (1999) and supported by the genetic data of Barker (2017) and Imfeld et al. (2024). All studies recovered <em>Troglodytes</em> as paraphyletic with the multi-locus data of Imfeld et al. (2024) placing <em>T. troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as the sister lineage to <em>Cistothorus</em> with modest support. As the type species of <em>Troglodytes</em> is <em>T. aedon</em> (Paynter &amp; Vaurie 1960), the genus name <em>Nannus</em> Billberg 1828 is recognized for these species. In addition, the monotypic genus <em>Thryorchilus</em> is merged with <em>Troglodytes sensu stricto</em> based on genetic evidence (e.g., Imfeld et al. 2024).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Troglodytes aedon [Vieillot, 1809]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, SF, 1858, in Rep. Explor. & Surv. Railroad M. Pac., 9, p. 367).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/170/mode/1up","Troglodytes"],["25812","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes browni","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.53","Timberline Wren","Timberline Wren","Timberline Wren","2026-093","The genus <em>Nannus</em> is reinstated for <em>Troglodytes troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as proposed by Rice (1999) and supported by the genetic data of Barker (2017) and Imfeld et al. (2024). All studies recovered <em>Troglodytes</em> as paraphyletic with the multi-locus data of Imfeld et al. (2024) placing <em>T. troglodytes</em>, <em>T. hiemalis</em>, and <em>T. pacificus</em> as the sister lineage to <em>Cistothorus</em> with modest support. As the type species of <em>Troglodytes</em> is <em>T. aedon</em> (Paynter &amp; Vaurie 1960), the genus name <em>Nannus</em> Billberg 1828 is recognized for these species. In addition, the monotypic genus <em>Thryorchilus</em> is merged with <em>Troglodytes sensu stricto</em> based on genetic evidence (e.g., Imfeld et al. 2024).","upper tree zone and páramo of high mountains of central Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711512","timwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timwre1","avibase-A3B57560",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí (alt. 10,000 ft.), Chiriquí, Panama.","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/61/mode/1up","Troglodytes browni"],["25813","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufociliatus","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.262","Rufous-browed Wren","Rufous-browed Wren","Rufous-browed Wren",null,null,"humid montane forest from northwestern Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) through El Salvador and northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711497","rubwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubwre2","avibase-D37C40FA",null,null,"Upper Chirostemon Forest (alt. 10,000 ft.), Volcán de Fuego, Sacatepequez, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/280/mode/1up","Troglodytes rufociliatus"],["25814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufociliatus chiapensis","Brodkorb, 1944","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 480 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3957447",null,null,"Two miles west of Zinacantan (alt. 1,700 m.), Chiapas, Mexico.","Rufous-browed Wrens of Chiapas, Mexico.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56918","Troglodytes rufociliatus chiapensis"],["25815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufociliatus rehni","Stone, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 84 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Honduras to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90DEF386",null,null,"San Juancito, Francisco Morazan, Honduras.","The Birds of Honduras with special reference to a collection made in 1930 by John T. Emlen, Jr., and C. Brooke Worth.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064133","Troglodytes rufociliatus rehni"],["25816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufociliatus rufociliatus","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Guatemala and northern El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1016DFC6",null,null,"Upper Chirostemon Forest (alt. 10,000 ft.), Volcán de Fuego, Sacatepequez, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/280/mode/1up","Troglodytes rufociliatus"],["25817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufociliatus nannoides","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1929","Ibis ser.12, vol.5, no.2 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western El Salvador (Volcán Santa Ana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BEA1DA7",null,null,"Volcán de Santa Ana (alt. 6,500 ft.), Santa Ana, El Salvador.","A New Race of Troglodytes rufociliatus from El Salvador.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1929.tb08759.x","Troglodytes rufociliatus nannoides"],["25818","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufulus","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.672","Tepui Wren","Tepui Wren","Tepui Wren",null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711509","tepwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tepwre1","avibase-7699C151",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/162/mode/1up","Troglodytes rufulus"],["25819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufulus rufulus","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.672",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical zones of Mount Roraima and Uei-tepui, on Venezuela–Guyana border, presumably also in immediately adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C7C3EB2",null,null,"Cerro Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/162/mode/1up","Troglodytes rufulus"],["25820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufulus fulvigularis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1274 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Auyán-tepui, Ptari-tepui, Chimantá-tepui, and Sororopán-tepui, in southeastern Bolívar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC42E00F",null,null,"Cerro Ptari-tepui (alt. 1,800 m.), Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2300/","Troglodytes rufulus fulvigularis"],["25821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufulus yavii","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.22 p.118-119",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of northern Amazonas (Sipapo, Guanay, and Yaví), in southern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C48A9C0C",null,null,"Cerro Yavi (alt. 2,250 m.), La Cumbre, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/134/mode/1up","Troglodytes rufulus yavii"],["25822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufulus duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of central Amazonas (Duida, Parú, and Huachamacari), and southern Bolívar (Jaua and Sarisariñama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D51B5505",null,null,"Cerro Duida (alt. 4,500 ft.), Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Troglodytes duidae"],["25823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufulus wetmorei","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, in southern Amazonas, presumably also in immediately adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08A2F5CD",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina (alt. 1,850 m.), headwaters of Río Yatiia, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/132/mode/1up","Troglodytes rufulus wetmorei"],["25824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes rufulus marahuacae","Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1984","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 39 (142) p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonas (southern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A42F63FC",null,null,"del Cerro Marahuaca, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela, alt. 2400 m","Dos nuevas subespecies de Aves (Troglodytidae, Fringillidae) del Cerro Marahuaca, Territorio Amazonas.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/dos-nuevas-subespecies-de-aves-troglodytidae-fringillidae-del-cerro-marahuaca-territorio-amazonas/","Troglodytes rufulus marahuacae"],["25825","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes monticola","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.106","Santa Marta Wren","Santa Marta Wren","Santa Marta Wren",null,null,"high grassland of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711503","samwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samwre1","avibase-44D48362",null,null,"Páramo de Chiriiqua (alt. 15,000 ft.), Sierra de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/136/mode/1up","Troglodytes monticola"],["25826","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes solstitialis","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.550","Mountain Wren","Mountain Wren","Mountain Wren",null,null,"humid forest of high Andes from Sierra de Perijá (northern Colombia-Venezuela border) and Andes of Venezuela southward through Andes to Catamarca in northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711506","mouwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwre1","avibase-A223AEB9",null,null,"Matos and Pinipi, near Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/658/mode/1up","Troglodytes solstitialis"],["25827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes solstitialis solitarius","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Colombia (except far south) and western Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá and Andes southward from southern Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A94C405",null,null,"Páramo de Las Rosas, Lara, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/246/mode/1up","Troglodytes solitarius"],["25828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes solstitialis solstitialis","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Colombia southward to northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D04C393",null,null,"Matos and Pinipi, near Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/658/mode/1up","Troglodytes solstitialis"],["25829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes solstitialis macrourus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1902","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, vol.2, pt.1 p.55-56 (note No. 14)",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slope of Peru southward from San Martín",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69ABE496",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98459#page/93/mode/1up","Troglodytes solstitialis macrourus"],["25830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes solstitialis frater","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.261",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Peru (Puno) and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BE75ABD",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/279/mode/1up","Troglodytes frater"],["25831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes solstitialis auricularis","Cabanis, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.105, pl. II, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (southward to Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E48B92E2",null,null,"Mountains of Tucumán, Argentina.","[Über zwei neue Arten aus Cordoba, Argentinien].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/117/mode/1up","Troglodytes (Uropsila) auricularis"],["25832","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes ochraceus","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.235 p.334","Ochraceous Wren","Ochraceous Wren","Ochraceous Wren",null,null,"montane forest from northwestern Costa Rica through far northwestern Colombia, on Cerro Tacarcuna",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711500","ochwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ochwre1","avibase-2E21DCF1",null,null,"Volcán Irazú, Cartago, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/352/mode/1up","Troglodytes (?) ochraceus"],["25833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes ochraceus ochraceus","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.235 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8A81519",null,null,"Volcán Irazú, Cartago, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/352/mode/1up","Troglodytes (?) ochraceus"],["25834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes ochraceus festinus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Serranía de Majé, eastern Panamá and eastern Darién) and adjacent Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF8D9E57",null,null,"Cerro Pirre (alt. 5,200 ft.), Darien, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/64/mode/1up","Troglodytes festinus"],["25835","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes cobbi","Chubb, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.16","Cobb's Wren","Cobb's Wren","Cobb's Wren",null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724382","houwre5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houwre5","avibase-783F7744",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","On behalf of Mr. C. Chubb, description of a new species of Wren from the Falkland Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/284/mode/1up","Troglodytes cobbi"],["25836","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes sissonii","(Grayson, 1868)","The California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences 29 p.7","Socorro Wren","Socorro Wren","Socorro Wren",null,null,"Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711380","socwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socwre2","avibase-5AB5707F",null,null,"Isla Socorro, Islas de Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico.",null,null,"Thyrothorus sissonii"],["25837","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes tanneri","Townsend, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.133","Clarion Wren","Clarion Wren","Clarion Wren",null,null,"Clarion Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711493","clawre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clawre1","avibase-D80D50B4",null,null,"Isla Clarion, Islas de Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/165/mode/1up","Troglodytes tanneri"],["25838","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes aedon","Vieillot, 1809","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.52 pl.107","Northern House Wren","Northern House Wren",null,"2025-1149","Seven species are recognized within the <em>Troglodytes aedon</em> complex based on various combinations of genetic (Klicka et al. 2023a), vocal (Sosa-López &amp; Mennill 2014; Sosa-López et al. 2016; Boesman 2016i), morphological (Oberholser 1904; Wetten 2021), and ecological data: <em>T. aedon</em> (polytypic, including <em>brunneicollis, cahooni,</em> and <em>parkmanii</em>); <em>T. beani</em> (monotypic);<em> T. martinicensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>guadeloupensis </em>and <em>rufescens</em>); <em>T. mesoleucus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. musicus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. grenadensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>T. musculu</em>s (polytypic, all remaining subspecies). The major split between <em>T. aedon </em>and <em>T. musculus </em>is strongly supported by genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023a); recognition of <em>T. beani</em> is based on its distinctive morphology and vocalizations despite being embedded within the <em>musculus </em>group on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data; elevation of the remaining island taxa is based mostly on assessment of plumage, vocalizations, and habitat preferences, despite retaining genetic affinities with <em>T. musculus</em> from the mainland.","deciduous forest and edges, shrubby areas near water, woodland, gardens, and parks from southwestern and southeastern Canada southward across most US to southern Arizona, New Mexico, northern Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and northern Baja California in Mexico; also along the Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental southward to southern Mexico; northern populations winter in southern US and Mexico to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec",null,null,null,"houwre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houwre","avibase-A4F5C5C8",null,null,"no locality; New York City designated by Oberholser, 1934, Ohio Journ. Sci., 34, p. 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/170/mode/1up","Troglodytes aëdon"],["25839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes aedon parkmanii","Audubon, 1839","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 5 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada to central and western USA and northern Baja California; winters southwestern and south-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86883687",null,null,"Columbia River [near Fort Vancouver], Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103786#page/354/mode/1up","Troglodytes Parkmanii"],["25840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes aedon aedon","Vieillot, 1809","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.52 pl.107",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada and eastern USA; winters southeastern USA and Gulf of Mexico lowlands to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3C0EC0D",null,null,"no locality; New York City designated by Oberholser, 1934, Ohio Journ. Sci., 34, p. 87.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/170/mode/1up","Troglodytes aëdon"],["25841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes aedon cahooni","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.94-95",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Arizona to central Mexican Plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEFB1AF0",null,null,"near Oposura [Moctezuma], Sonora, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Troglodytes cahooni"],["25842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes aedon brunneicollis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.297-298",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC9CDE3C",null,null,"La Parada, six leagues from Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.","On a Collection of Birds received by M. Auguste Sallé from Oaxaca in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/381/mode/1up","Troglodytes brunneicollis"],["25843","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes mesoleucus","(Sclater, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.14","St. Lucia Wren","St. Lucia Wren",null,"2025-1149","Seven species are recognized within the <em>Troglodytes aedon</em> complex based on various combinations of genetic (Klicka et al. 2023a), vocal (Sosa-López &amp; Mennill 2014; Sosa-López et al. 2016; Boesman 2016i), morphological (Oberholser 1904; Wetten 2021), and ecological data: <em>T. aedon</em> (polytypic, including <em>brunneicollis, cahooni,</em> and <em>parkmanii</em>); <em>T. beani</em> (monotypic);<em> T. martinicensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>guadeloupensis </em>and <em>rufescens</em>); <em>T. mesoleucus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. musicus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. grenadensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>T. musculu</em>s (polytypic, all remaining subspecies). The major split between <em>T. aedon </em>and <em>T. musculus </em>is strongly supported by genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023a); recognition of <em>T. beani</em> is based on its distinctive morphology and vocalizations despite being embedded within the <em>musculus </em>group on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data; elevation of the remaining island taxa is based mostly on assessment of plumage, vocalizations, and habitat preferences, despite retaining genetic affinities with <em>T. musculus</em> from the mainland.","St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"houwre8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houwre8","avibase-4A8563C9",null,null,"Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles.","On some additional Species of Birds from St. Lucia, West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90509#page/20/mode/1up","Thryothorus mesoleucus"],["25844","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musicus","(Lawrence, 1878)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 (1-2), (December) p.148","St. Vincent Wren","St. Vincent Wren",null,"2025-1149","Seven species are recognized within the <em>Troglodytes aedon</em> complex based on various combinations of genetic (Klicka et al. 2023a), vocal (Sosa-López &amp; Mennill 2014; Sosa-López et al. 2016; Boesman 2016i), morphological (Oberholser 1904; Wetten 2021), and ecological data: <em>T. aedon</em> (polytypic, including <em>brunneicollis, cahooni,</em> and <em>parkmanii</em>); <em>T. beani</em> (monotypic);<em> T. martinicensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>guadeloupensis </em>and <em>rufescens</em>); <em>T. mesoleucus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. musicus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. grenadensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>T. musculu</em>s (polytypic, all remaining subspecies). The major split between <em>T. aedon </em>and <em>T. musculus </em>is strongly supported by genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023a); recognition of <em>T. beani</em> is based on its distinctive morphology and vocalizations despite being embedded within the <em>musculus </em>group on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data; elevation of the remaining island taxa is based mostly on assessment of plumage, vocalizations, and habitat preferences, despite retaining genetic affinities with <em>T. musculus</em> from the mainland.","St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"houwre10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houwre10","avibase-6C7445E2",null,null,"Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/192/mode/1up","Thryothorus musicus"],["25845","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes grenadensis","(Lawrence, 1878)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1[\"1877\"] no.5&6 p.161","Grenada Wren","Grenada Wren",null,"2025-1149","Seven species are recognized within the <em>Troglodytes aedon</em> complex based on various combinations of genetic (Klicka et al. 2023a), vocal (Sosa-López &amp; Mennill 2014; Sosa-López et al. 2016; Boesman 2016i), morphological (Oberholser 1904; Wetten 2021), and ecological data: <em>T. aedon</em> (polytypic, including <em>brunneicollis, cahooni,</em> and <em>parkmanii</em>); <em>T. beani</em> (monotypic);<em> T. martinicensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>guadeloupensis </em>and <em>rufescens</em>); <em>T. mesoleucus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. musicus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. grenadensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>T. musculu</em>s (polytypic, all remaining subspecies). The major split between <em>T. aedon </em>and <em>T. musculus </em>is strongly supported by genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023a); recognition of <em>T. beani</em> is based on its distinctive morphology and vocalizations despite being embedded within the <em>musculus </em>group on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data; elevation of the remaining island taxa is based mostly on assessment of plumage, vocalizations, and habitat preferences, despite retaining genetic affinities with <em>T. musculus</em> from the mainland.","Grenada (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"houwre11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houwre11","avibase-80159DD8",null,null,"Grand Étang, Grenada",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/205/mode/1up","Thryothorus grenadensis"],["25846","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes martinicensis","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.321","Kalinago Wren","Kalinago Wren",null,"2025-1149","Seven species are recognized within the <em>Troglodytes aedon</em> complex based on various combinations of genetic (Klicka et al. 2023a), vocal (Sosa-López &amp; Mennill 2014; Sosa-López et al. 2016; Boesman 2016i), morphological (Oberholser 1904; Wetten 2021), and ecological data: <em>T. aedon</em> (polytypic, including <em>brunneicollis, cahooni,</em> and <em>parkmanii</em>); <em>T. beani</em> (monotypic);<em> T. martinicensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>guadeloupensis </em>and <em>rufescens</em>); <em>T. mesoleucus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. musicus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. grenadensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>T. musculu</em>s (polytypic, all remaining subspecies). The major split between <em>T. aedon </em>and <em>T. musculus </em>is strongly supported by genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023a); recognition of <em>T. beani</em> is based on its distinctive morphology and vocalizations despite being embedded within the <em>musculus </em>group on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data; elevation of the remaining island taxa is based mostly on assessment of plumage, vocalizations, and habitat preferences, despite retaining genetic affinities with <em>T. musculus</em> from the mainland.","Dominica; at least formerly Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"cinwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinwre1","avibase-1744CF2F",null,null,"Martinique, Lesser Antilles.","Descriptions of Six New Species of American Oscines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/409/mode/1up","Thryothorus martinicensis"],["25847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes martinicensis guadeloupensis","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.3 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Guadeloupe (central Lesser Antilles); extinct, last recorded 1973","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BB70639",null,null,"Grande Terre, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.","Descriptions of new species of birds from the West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/13/","Thryothorus guadeloupensis"],["25848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes martinicensis rufescens","(Lawrence, 1877)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 (1-2), (December) p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Dominica (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38C4B0F7",null,null,"Dominica, Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/79/mode/1up","Thryothorus rufescens"],["25849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes martinicensis martinicensis","(Sclater, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Martinique (Lesser Antilles); extinct, last recorded 1886","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-053A1F64",null,null,"Martinique, Lesser Antilles.","Descriptions of Six New Species of American Oscines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/409/mode/1up","Thryothorus martinicensis"],["25850","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes beani","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.21","Cozumel Wren","Cozumel Wren","Cozumel Wren","2025-1149","Seven species are recognized within the <em>Troglodytes aedon</em> complex based on various combinations of genetic (Klicka et al. 2023a), vocal (Sosa-López &amp; Mennill 2014; Sosa-López et al. 2016; Boesman 2016i), morphological (Oberholser 1904; Wetten 2021), and ecological data: <em>T. aedon</em> (polytypic, including <em>brunneicollis, cahooni,</em> and <em>parkmanii</em>); <em>T. beani</em> (monotypic);<em> T. martinicensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>guadeloupensis </em>and <em>rufescens</em>); <em>T. mesoleucus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. musicus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. grenadensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>T. musculu</em>s (polytypic, all remaining subspecies). The major split between <em>T. aedon </em>and <em>T. musculus </em>is strongly supported by genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023a); recognition of <em>T. beani</em> is based on its distinctive morphology and vocalizations despite being embedded within the <em>musculus </em>group on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data; elevation of the remaining island taxa is based mostly on assessment of plumage, vocalizations, and habitat preferences, despite retaining genetic affinities with <em>T. musculus</em> from the mainland.","Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103886977","houwre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houwre3","avibase-5506AF3C",null,null,"Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/377/mode/1up","Troglodytes beani"],["25851","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus","Naumann, 1823","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen : Durchaus umgearbeit, systematisch geordnet, sehr vermehrt, vervollständigt, und mit getreu nach der Natur eigenhändig gezeichneten und gestochenen Abbildungen aller deutschen Vögel, nebst ihren Hauptverschiedenheiten 3 tableFacing p.724","Southern House Wren","Southern House Wren",null,"2025-1149","Seven species are recognized within the <em>Troglodytes aedon</em> complex based on various combinations of genetic (Klicka et al. 2023a), vocal (Sosa-López &amp; Mennill 2014; Sosa-López et al. 2016; Boesman 2016i), morphological (Oberholser 1904; Wetten 2021), and ecological data: <em>T. aedon</em> (polytypic, including <em>brunneicollis, cahooni,</em> and <em>parkmanii</em>); <em>T. beani</em> (monotypic);<em> T. martinicensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>guadeloupensis </em>and <em>rufescens</em>); <em>T. mesoleucus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. musicus</em> (monotypic); <em>T. grenadensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>T. musculu</em>s (polytypic, all remaining subspecies). The major split between <em>T. aedon </em>and <em>T. musculus </em>is strongly supported by genomic data (Klicka et al. 2023a); recognition of <em>T. beani</em> is based on its distinctive morphology and vocalizations despite being embedded within the <em>musculus </em>group on mitochondrial DNA and genomic data; elevation of the remaining island taxa is based mostly on assessment of plumage, vocalizations, and habitat preferences, despite retaining genetic affinities with <em>T. musculus</em> from the mainland.","various habitats from southeastern Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula, southward across most Central America and South America to Tierra del Fuego, but excluding high elevations and tops of tepuis",null,null,null,"houwre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houwre4","avibase-A41F1360",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105312#page/227/mode/1up","Troglodytes musculus"],["25852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus intermedius","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Veracruz and western Chiapas (southern Mexico) southward to central Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B96FB1A",null,null,"San Jose and Quebrada Honda, San Jose, Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/419/mode/1up","Troglodytes intermedius"],["25853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus peninsularis","Nelson, 1901","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24BAD3B1",null,null,"Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/192/mode/1up","Troglodytes peninsularis"],["25854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus inquietus","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527D12C6",null,null,"Panama Railroad Route, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/155/mode/1up","Troglodytes inquietus"],["25855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus carychrous","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99BD1EBC",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Veraguas, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/306/mode/1up","Troglodytes aedon carychrous"],["25856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus pallidipes","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (off southeastern Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-419A3082",null,null,"San José Island, Panama, Archipielago de las Perlas [=Pearl Islands, Panama]",null,null,"Troglodytes domesticus pallidipes"],["25857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus tobagensis","Lawrence, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEF0B193",null,null,"Tobago, British West Indies.","Description of a new species of Wren from the Island of Tobago, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/12/","Troglodytes tobagensis"],["25858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus atopus","Oberholser, 1904","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 27, no.1354 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14713D1A",null,null,"Cacagualito, near Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","A review of the Wrens of the genus Troglodytes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32794#page/241/mode/1up","Troglodytes musculus atopus"],["25859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus effutitus","Wetmore, 1958","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Guajira Peninsula (northern Colombia) and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03DF2558",null,null,"Maicao, Comisaria de la Guajira, Colombia, collected April 15, 1941, by A. Wetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr.","Additional subspecies of birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/254/mode/1up","Troglodytes aedon effutitus"],["25860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus striatulus","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94BE0230",null,null,"'Bogotá'; Honda, Tolima, Colombia designated by Chapman, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 519.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/348/mode/1up","Thriothorus striatulus"],["25861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus columbae","Stone, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F56AEADB",null,null,"Vicinity of Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/318/mode/1up","Troglodytes columbae"],["25862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus clarus","Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.8-9",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad, the Guianas, Venezuela, Brazil, northern Peru, and Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05F13C48",null,null,"Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/26/mode/1up","Troglodytes musculus clarus"],["25863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus albicans","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.540",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C632E399",null,null,"Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/672/mode/1up","Troglodytes furvus albicans"],["25864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus musculus","Naumann, 1823","Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen : Durchaus umgearbeit, systematisch geordnet, sehr vermehrt, vervollständigt, und mit getreu nach der Natur eigenhändig gezeichneten und gestochenen Abbildungen aller deutschen Vögel, nebst ihren Hauptverschiedenheiten 3 tableFacing p.724",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Brazil to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62BF41DE",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105312#page/227/mode/1up","Troglodytes musculus"],["25865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus bonariae","Hellmayr, 1919","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3482EA91",null,null,"La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","Auszug aus dem Bericht über die am 7. Februar 1919 im Hotel Bamberger Hof abgehaltene Mitgliederversammlung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/14/mode/1up","Troglodytes musculus bonariae"],["25866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus puna","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"puna of northern Peru to northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68DF58E4",null,null,"Ingapirca, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/387/mode/1up","Troglodytes musculus puna"],["25867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus audax","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of western Peru (Cajamarca to northern Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB0BF7FC",null,null,"Peru ; restricted to coast of Peru bv Berlepsch and Hellmayr, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/290/mode/1up","Troglodytes audax"],["25868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus carabayae","Chapman & Griscom, 1924","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 50, art.4 p.296",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Peru (Junín, Cusco, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57B20F29",null,null,"Santo Domingo, Puno, Peru.","The House Wrens of the genus Troglodytes.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1848","Troglodytes musculus carabayae"],["25869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus tecellatus","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Peru (Arequipa) to northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CEE29FD",null,null,"Tacna, Peru.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/141/mode/1up","Troglodytes tecellata"],["25870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus rex","Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 6, (January) p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D5F3106",null,null,"Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54889#page/16/mode/1up","Troglodytes furvus rex"],["25871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus atacamensis","Hellmayr, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.5 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, and northern Coquimbo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D53CD51E",null,null,"Río Loa, Antofagasta, Chile.","New Birds from Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25993#page/12/mode/1up","Troglodytes musculus atacamensis"],["25872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Troglodytes musculus chilensis","Lesson, 1830","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 p.665",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile and southern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0A939F8",null,null,"Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119032#page/315/mode/1up","Troglodytes chilensis"],["25873","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Odontorchilus","Richmond, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Odontorhynchus cinereus [von Pelzeln, 1868]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/220/mode/1up","Odontorchilus"],["25874","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Odontorchilus cinereus","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.1 p.67","Tooth-billed Wren","Tooth-billed Wren","Tooth-billed Wren",null,null,"lowlands of Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River, and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711329","tobwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tobwre1","avibase-DAD468AA",null,null,"Salto do Girau, upper Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/77/mode/1up","Odontorhynchus cinereus"],["25875","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Odontorchilus branickii","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.72 pl.7 fig.1","Grey-mantled Wren","Gray-mantled Wren","Grey-mantled Wren",null,null,"humid montane forest of Andes from central Colombia to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711325","gymwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gymwre1","avibase-E59FF7D2",null,null,"Machay, Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/116/mode/1up","Odontorhynchus branickii"],["25876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Odontorchilus branickii branickii","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.72 pl.7 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of southern Colombia (southward from western Caquetá) and eastern Ecuador southward on both slopes to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4783BC01",null,null,"Machay, Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/116/mode/1up","Odontorhynchus branickii"],["25877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Odontorchilus branickii minor","(Hartert, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of southern Colombia and far northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA1F7EAC",null,null,"Paramba (alt. 3,500 ft.), Imbabura, Ecuador.","[Exhibition and description of some new South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/198/mode/1up","Odontorhynchus branickii minor"],["25878","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Uropsila","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.7,155",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Troglodytes leucogastra [Gould, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Uropsila"],["25879","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Uropsila leucogastra","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.89","White-bellied Wren","White-bellied Wren","White-bellied Wren",null,null,"woodland and forest of lowlands on Pacific slope from southern Nayarit to Guerrero (west-central Mexico) and Caribbean slope from southern Tamaulipas southward (including Yucatan Peninsula but not Cozumel) through northern Guatemala and disjunctly north-central Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711518","whbwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwre1","avibase-E4E3CB1F",null,null,"Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Exhibition of Birds allied to the European Wren, with characters of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/103/mode/1up","Troglodytes leucogastra"],["25880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Uropsila leucogastra pacifica","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.72-73",null,null,null,null,null,"disjunct in southwestern Mexico (Colima, Michoacán, and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B480A303",null,null,"Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Hemiura pacifica"],["25881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Uropsila leucogastra leucogastra","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southeastern Veracruz to Tabasco and northern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50D2B66D",null,null,"Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Exhibition of Birds allied to the European Wren, with characters of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/103/mode/1up","Troglodytes leucogastra"],["25882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Uropsila leucogastra centralis","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico (northern Puebla to central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49FF1523",null,null,"Metlaltoyuca, Northernmost Puebla, Mexico",null,null,"Uropsila leucogastra centralis"],["25883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Uropsila leucogastra restricta","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0F782B0",null,null,"Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico",null,null,"Uropsila leucogastra restricta"],["25884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Uropsila leucogastra brachyura","(Lawrence, 1887)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 4, no.1-2 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (eastern and central Yucatán) to northern Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11F61EF0",null,null,"Temax, Yucatan, Mexico.","Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Sylviidae, Troglodytidae, and Tyrannidae. Annals of the New York Academy of","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109860#page/77/mode/1up","Troglodytes brachyurus"],["25885","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pheugopedius genibarbis [Cabanis, 1851]; type by monotypy = Thryothorus genibarbis Swainson, 1837",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/95/mode/1up","Pheugopedius"],["25886","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius spadix","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.74","Sooty-headed Wren","Sooty-headed Wren","Sooty-headed Wren",null,null,"far eastern Darién (eastern Panama) and Pacific lowlands of Colombia from Chocó southward to Nariño, in north also extending eastward to middle Magdalena Valley and adjacent mountain ranges",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711398","sohwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sohwre1","avibase-123847EA",null,null,"Naranjito, Río Dagua, Valle, Colombia.","New or rare birds from western Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/96/mode/1up","Pheugopedius spadix"],["25887","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius atrogularis","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.580","Black-throated Wren","Black-throated Wren","Black-throated Wren",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Nicaragua to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711395","bltwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltwre1","avibase-2258FAE9",null,null,"Tucurrique, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/676/mode/1up","Thryothorus atrogularis"],["25888","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius sclateri","(Taczanowski, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.1 p.222","Speckle-breasted Wren","Speckle-breasted Wren",null,"2025-1153","Taxa <em>paucimaculatus </em>and <em>columbianus </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Pheugopedius sclateri</em> based on minor plumage and call differences, combined with intra-taxon variability in songs. Further research incorporating genetic data will be needed to determine species limits in this complex.","varied forest types of hills and mountains from Santander to Valle de Cauca in north-central to south-central Colombia, and western and southeastern Ecuador to Cajamarca and Marañón drainage in northern Peru",null,null,null,"spbwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbwre2","avibase-1FA5276E",null,null,"Guajango, Río Marañón, Cajamarca, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/306/mode/1up","Thryothorus sclateri"],["25889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius sclateri columbianus","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia (Valle and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9CB2D0D",null,null,"Miraflores, Valle, Colombia.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Pheugopedius sclateri columbianus"],["25890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius sclateri paucimaculatus","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador, northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A489303",null,null,"Balzar, Guayas, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/256/mode/1up","Thryothorus paucimaculatus"],["25891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius sclateri sclateri","(Taczanowski, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.1 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Marañón drainage in far southern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9B8A81C",null,null,"Guajango, Río Marañón, Cajamarca, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/306/mode/1up","Thryothorus sclateri"],["25892","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius felix","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.371","Happy Wren","Happy Wren","Happy Wren",null,null,"dry forest from lowlands to mountains of Pacific slope of Mexico, from north-central Sonora through southern Oaxaca; also Islas Tres Marias (west of Nayarit)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711419","hapwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hapwre1","avibase-5F71C217",null,null,"Juquila (Santa Catarina), Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/463/mode/1up","Thryothorus felix"],["25893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius felix sonorae","Van Rossem, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora to northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-636E39E2",null,null,"Guirocoba [Huirocoba] (lat. 26° 58', long. 110° 52'), Sonora, Mexico.","New Sonora races of Toxostoma and Pheugopedius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/284/mode/1up","Pheugopedius felix sonorae"],["25894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius felix pallidus","(Nelson, 1899)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (central Sinaloa and western Durango to Jalisco and Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEED31A8",null,null,"Chacala, Durango, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/55/mode/1up","Thryothorus felix pallidus"],["25895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius felix lawrencii","(Ridgway, 1878)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (San Juanito, María Madre, María Magdalena, and María Cleofas), off the coast of Nayarit, western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10173DC0",null,null,"Las Tres Marías, off Nayarit, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69133#page/22/mode/1up","Thryothorus felix β lawrencii"],["25896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius felix grandis","(Nelson, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (upper Río Balsas drainage to southwestern Puebla and northern Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4E16659",null,null,"Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Thryothorus felix grandis"],["25897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius felix felix","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southeastern Jalisco to Michoacán, Guerrero, and western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA9CBA56",null,null,"Juquila (Santa Catarina), Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/463/mode/1up","Thryothorus felix"],["25898","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius maculipectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.338","Spot-breasted Wren","Spot-breasted Wren","Spot-breasted Wren",null,null,"dry forest and edge of lowlands to hills, Caribbean slope from central Nuevo León (northeastern Mexico) southward through eastern Oaxaca, and thence on both slopes and including Yucatan Peninsula, southward to Caribbean slope of Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica, with disjunct population in central Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711422","spbwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbwre1","avibase-18253ACC",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Veracruz by Griscom, 1930, Proc. New England Zool. Cl., 12, p. 5.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/348/mode/1up","Thriothorus maculipectus"],["25899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius maculipectus microstictus","Griscom, 1930","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 12 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southeastern Nuevo León and central Tamaulipas southward to eastern San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A71A0E02",null,null,"Santa Leonor, west of Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.",null,null,"Pheugopedius maculipectus microstictus"],["25900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius maculipectus maculipectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Veracruz southward to Puebla and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD8F60E1",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Veracruz by Griscom, 1930, Proc. New England Zool. Cl., 12, p. 5.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/348/mode/1up","Thriothorus maculipectus"],["25901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius maculipectus canobrunneus","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.552, footnote 5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatán Peninsula), northern Belize, and northern Guatemala (northern Petén)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58D03006",null,null,"Temax, Yucatan, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/574/mode/1up","Thryothorus maculipectus canobrunneus"],["25902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius maculipectus umbrinus","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.552, footnote 4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico and southern Belize to El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B957AF7",null,null,"[Verapaz], Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/574/mode/1up","Thryothorus maculipectus umbrinus"],["25903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius maculipectus petersi","Griscom, 1930","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 12 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Honduras to northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E319897",null,null,"Lancetilla, Yoro, Honduras.","Critical notes on Central American Birds.",null,"Pheugopedius maculipectus petersi"],["25904","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.55","Rufous-breasted Wren","Rufous-breasted Wren","Rufous-breasted Wren",null,null,"forest edge and thickets of lowlands to mountains on Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica and Panama (and through Canal Zone), Santa Marta region of northeastern Colombia, eastern Andes of Colombia and Venezuela, mountains of northern Venezuela eastward to Paría Peninsula, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711427","rubwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubwre1","avibase-13450F63",null,null,"L'Amérique septentrionale' ; restricted to Trinidad, British West Indies by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/63/mode/1up","Thryothorus rutilus"],["25905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus hyperythrus","(Salvin & Godman, 1880)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama (eastward to Río Chepó, in Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48B915EF",null,null,"Paraiso Station, Panama Railway, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/141/mode/1up","Thryothorus hyperythrus"],["25906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus tobagensis","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.4 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0D33A9F",null,null,"Man of War Bay, Tobago, British West Indies.","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/39/mode/1up","Pheugopedius rutilus tobagensis"],["25907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus rutilus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western Venezuela (Coastal Range from Falcón eastward to Sucre and Monagas, both slopes of Andes from northwestern Lara southward to Táchira), and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-281C91C0",null,null,"L'Amérique septentrionale' ; restricted to Trinidad, British West Indies by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/63/mode/1up","Thryothorus rutilus"],["25908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus intensus","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.4 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"far western Venezuela (Táchira )",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58888A7D",null,null,"La Azulita, Mérida, Venezuela.","New South American Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/30/mode/1up","Pheugopedius rutilus intensus"],["25909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus laetus","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Santa Marta, Magdalena) and Sierra de Perijá (far northeastern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B536045A",null,null,"Pueblo Viejo (alt. 8,000 ft.), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","On some birds from Pueblo Viejo, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/186/mode/1up","Thryothorus laetus"],["25910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus interior","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.4 p.9-10",null,null,null,null,null,"western slope of eastern Andes (Lebrija Valley, in Santander), in Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D63B3A2",null,null,"El Cauca, 'Santander' [error; Magdalena], Colombia.","New South American Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/29/mode/1up","Pheugopedius rutilus interior"],["25911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius rutilus hypospodius","(Salvin & Godman, 1880)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (southward to Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-717C7CDD",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/142/mode/1up","Thryothorus hypospodius"],["25912","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius fasciatoventris","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.337","Black-bellied Wren","Black-bellied Wren","Black-bellied Wren",null,null,"forest edge often near streams in lowlands and hills on Pacific slope of west-central Costa Rica to adjacent western Panama, disjunctly from central Panama through northern Colombia and southward in Andean valleys to Huila in southwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711401","blbwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbwre1","avibase-9335AB39",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/347/mode/1up","Thriothorus fasciato-ventris"],["25913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius fasciatoventris melanogaster","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.230 pl.14 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western Costa Rica (southward from mouth of Gulf of Nicoya) and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B5C20DD",null,null,"Bugaba, Chiriquí, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/248/mode/1up","Thryothorus melanogaster"],["25914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius fasciatoventris albigularis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.76-77, pl. 88",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (eastward from Canal Zone) and northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DCEFF4D",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.","On some new or little known Species of Birds in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/836/mode/1up","Cyphorinus albigularis"],["25915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius fasciatoventris fasciatoventris","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and central Colombia (eastward to foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, southward to lower Cauca Valley and middle-upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E3ACDEB",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/347/mode/1up","Thriothorus fasciato-ventris"],["25916","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius genibarbis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.322","Moustached Wren","Moustached Wren","Moustached Wren",null,null,"humid forest especially with bamboo in lowlands and hills, in southern Amazonia from Loreto in northeastern Peru eastward to Ceará (northeastern Brazil) and southward to Santa Cruz in central Bolivia; also eastern Brazil from Rio Grande de Norte southward to Rio de Janeiro",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711413","mouwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwre2","avibase-5D5C6D51",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 271.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/334/mode/1up","Thryothorus genibarbis"],["25917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius genibarbis juruanus","(Ihering, 1905)","Revista do Museu Paulista 6[\"1904\"] p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of the Amazon River and east of the Río Ucayali) southward to Ucayali, western Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira and upper Rio Purus), and northern Bolivia (Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AACF7C1",null,null,"Rio Juruá, Amazonas, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41887#page/439/mode/1up","Thryothorus genibarbis juruanus"],["25918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius genibarbis genibarbis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Espírito Santo, westward to Río Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A5229B6",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 271.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/334/mode/1up","Thryothorus genibarbis"],["25919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius genibarbis intercedens","(Hellmayr, 1908)","Novitates Zoologicae 15, no.1 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (Goiás to Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2EA34AC",null,null,"Rio Tesouras (alt. 600 m.), a tributary of the Rio Araguaia north of Cid. de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil.","An account of the birds collected by Mons. G. A. Baer in the State of Goyaz, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21970#page/33/mode/1up","Thryothorus genibarbis intercedens"],["25920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius genibarbis bolivianus","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru and Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A759693",null,null,"'Provence del Sara' [= Provincia Gutierrez], Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/212/mode/1up","Pheugopedius genibarbis bolivianus"],["25921","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.825","Coraya Wren","Coraya Wren","Coraya Wren",null,null,"humid forest of riverine lowlands of Guiana Shield and Amazonia (except central) from eastern Ecuador to eastern and southern Pará, and southward east of the Andes to Pasco in central Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711416","corwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corwre1","avibase-FB669B0D",null,null,"Cayenne, French Guiana; based on 'Le Coraya' of Buffon and Daubenton, Planches Enl., pl. 701, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/326/mode/1up","Turdus coraya"],["25922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya obscurus","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1947)","American Museum Novitates no.1338 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela in Bolívar (Auyan-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DE0A343",null,null,"Cerro Auyan-tepui (alt. 1,100 m.), Bolívar, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5153/","Thryothorus coraya obscurus"],["25923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya caurensis","(Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.7-8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar and southern Amazonas), and northern Brazil (eastward to Manaus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ACD94C6",null,null,"[Rio] Nichare, Río Caura, Bolívar, Venezuela.","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/25/mode/1up","Thryothorus griseipectus caurensis"],["25924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya barrowcloughianus","(Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1994)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 44 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Roraima and Mount Cuquenán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-702C56D8",null,null,"De Falda Oeste, Cerro Roraima, Edo. Bolívar, Venezuela; altura 1.840 m.","Descripcion de nueve subespecies nuevas y comentarios sobre dos especies de aves de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-nueve-subespecies-nuevas-y-comentarios-sobre-dos-especies-de-aves-de-venezuela/","Thryothorus coraya barrowcloughiana"],["25925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya ridgwayi","(Berlepsch, 1889)","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Venezuela (Gran Sabana) to western Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05D0AB65",null,null,"Bartica Grove, British Guiana.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der von Herrn Gustav Garlepp in Brasilien, und Nord-Peru im Gebiete des oberen Amazonas gesammelten Vogelbälge","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/305/mode/1up","Thryothorus ridgwayi"],["25926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya coraya","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.825",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and adjacent Brazil north of the Amazon River (east of Manaus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A27B3461",null,null,"Cayenne, French Guiana; based on 'Le Coraya' of Buffon and Daubenton, Planches Enl., pl. 701, fig. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/326/mode/1up","Turdus coraya"],["25927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya herberti","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (from Rio Tapajós eastward to Rio Tocantins and western Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56BA7279",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/530/mode/1up","Thryothorus herberti"],["25928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya griseipectus","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.236 pl.15 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru north of the Marañón, and adjacent Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76D574E1",null,null,"Nauta, North Bank of Río Marañón, Loreto, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/254/mode/1up","Thryothorus griseipectus"],["25929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya amazonicus","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.235-236, pl. XV, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru south of Río Marañón (Loreto and Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A42A4F1",null,null,"Sarayacu, Río Ucayali, Loreto, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/253/mode/1up","Thryothorus amazonicus"],["25930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya albiventris","(Taczanowski, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (east slope of Andes in San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5319C2D",null,null,"Chirimoto, San Martin, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/41/mode/1up","Thryothorus albiventris"],["25931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius coraya cantator","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of southeastern Peru (Junín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8FDCFD9",null,null,"Amable Maria, Montana de Vitoc, Junín, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/198/mode/1up","Thryothorus cantator"],["25932","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.64","Whiskered Wren","Whiskered Wren","Whiskered Wren",null,null,"humid montane forest edge of Sierra de Perijá (northern Colombia-Venezuela border), coastal mountains of Venezuela, and Andes of Venezuela southwestward through Andes of southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711410","whiwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiwre1","avibase-A5AADBF7",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/98/mode/1up","Thryothorus mystacalis"],["25933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis consobrinus","(Madarász, 1904)","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 2 pt1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá and Andes of western Venezuela (southern Lara southward to Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D781E4F5",null,null,"? Mérida, Venezuela.",null,"http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1904_Vol_2_1_115.pdf","Thryothorus consobrinus"],["25934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis ruficaudatus","(Berlepsch, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.4 p.491-492",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela (central Falcón and Yaracuy eastward to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00FEB42C",null,null,"'Puerto Cabello', Carabobo, Venezuela.","Descriptions of six new Species of Birds from Southern and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/551/mode/1up","Thryothorus ruficaudatus"],["25935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis tachirensis","(Phelps & Gilliard, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far west-central Venezuela (Páramo de Tama in Táchira), and possibly adjacent Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37BDB23E",null,null,"Villa Paez (alt. 2,060 m.), Páramo Tama region, Táchira, Venezuela.","Seventeen new Birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Thryothorus mystacalis tachirensis"],["25936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis saltuensis","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C2CB4C7",null,null,"San Luis, Valle de Bitaco, Valle, Colombia.","New or rare birds from western Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/96/mode/1up","Pheugopedius mystacalis saltuensis"],["25937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis yananchae","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1951)","Notulae Naturae 232 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Yanachá region of eastern Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-981958EE",null,null,"Yanancha (alt. 1,500 m.), Nariño, Colombia.","Colombian Zoological Survey, Part VIII. On birds from Nariño, Colombia, with the description of four new subspecies.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_qnekvx9kAeQC/page/n3","Thryothorus genibarbis yananchae"],["25938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis mystacalis","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to western Ecuador (southward to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47B93270",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","List of Additional Species of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/98/mode/1up","Thryothorus mystacalis"],["25939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis macrurus","(Allen, 1889)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.13 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slope of central Andes and western slope of eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADE65A8D",null,null,"vicinity of Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of new species of South American birds, with remarks on various other little known species.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1710","Thryothorus genibarbis macrurus"],["25940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius mystacalis amaurogaster","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern slope of eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73D6FAC3",null,null,"Buena vista (alt. 4,500 ft.), above Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Pheugopedius mystacalis amaurogaster"],["25941","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius eisenmanni","(Parker & O'Neill, 1985)","Ornithological Monographs 36 p.9 [9-15]","Inca Wren","Inca Wren","Inca Wren",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711407","incwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/incwre1","avibase-09EBF75E",null,null,"San Luis on Ollantaitambo-Quillabamba road, above Huyro, 13 06'S, 72 25'W, elev. 9000 ft. (2744 m), Dep. of Cuzco, Peru; Holotype: LSU 78913, adult male, 4 Aug. 1974, J.P. O'Neill, original no. 4878.","A new species and a a new subspecies of Thryothorus wren from Peru.","https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112852/http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/om/om036.pdf","Thryothorus eisenmanni"],["25942","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius schulenbergi","(Parker & O'Neill, 1985)","Ornithological Monographs 36 p.12","Grey-browed Wren","Gray-browed Wren","Grey-browed Wren","2025-1151","Taxon <em>schulenbergi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pheugopedius euophrys</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016k), supported by modest plumage differences.","east slope of Andes of northern Peru (south of Río Marañón)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888330","pltwre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltwre3","avibase-92A6502D",null,null,"Cordillera Colan, SE La Peca, ca. 5 34'S, 78 19'W, elev. 2713 m, Department of Amazonas, Peru; Holotype: LSU 88579, adult male, 12 Oct. 1978, T.S. Schulenberg, original no. 1196.","A new species and a a new subspecies of Thryothorus wren from Peru.","https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112852/http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/om/om036.pdf","Thryothorus euophrys schulenbergi"],["25943","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius euophrys","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.74","Plain-tailed Wren","Plain-tailed Wren","Plain-tailed Wren","2025-1151","Taxon <em>schulenbergi </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Pheugopedius euophrys</em> based on differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016k), supported by modest plumage differences.","montane bamboo thickets in Andes of western Nariño in far southern Colombia southward through northwestern Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888269","pltwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltwre1","avibase-B24D2A00",null,null,"Lloa, a few miles south of Quito, on the side of Pichincha, Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Quito, and during Excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/110/mode/1up","Thryothorus euophrys"],["25944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius euophrys euophrys","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Colombia (western Nariño) and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-437D78CF",null,null,"Lloa, a few miles south of Quito, on the side of Pichincha, Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Quito, and during Excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/110/mode/1up","Thryothorus euophrys"],["25945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius euophrys longipes","(Allen, 1889)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2, no.2, art.13 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate east slope of Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AFB6379",null,null,"'Ambato' [= Baños?], Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new species of South American birds, with remarks on various other little known species.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1710","Thryothorus longipes"],["25946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Pheugopedius euophrys atriceps","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-208F45C3",null,null,"Chaupe (alt. 6,100 ft.), Piura, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Pheugopedius atriceps"],["25947","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.8 col.182",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cinnycerthia cinnamomea [Lesson, 1844]; type by monotypy = Limnornis unirufus Lafresnaye, 1840",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/69/mode/1up","Cinnycerthia"],["25948","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia fulva","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.781","Fulvous Wren","Fulvous Wren","Fulvous Wren",null,null,"humid montane forest of Andes from Cusco in southern Peru to Cochabamba in northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733810","fulwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fulwre1","avibase-5A3DDD7A",null,null,"Huasampilla (alt. 10,000 ft.), Cusco, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/947/mode/1up","Thryophilus fulvus"],["25949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia fulva fitzpatricki","Remsen & Brumfield, 1998","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111 p.1008",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (Cordillera Vilcabamba of Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-941C393B",null,null,"Cordillera Vilcabamba, elev. 2090 m, depto: Cuzco, Peru; mist-netted by John S. Weske and John W. Terborgh on 11 Jul 1967","Two new subspecies of Cinnycerthia fulva (Aves: Troglodytidae) from the southern Andes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107585#page/546/mode/1up","Cinnycerthia fulva fitzpatricki"],["25950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia fulva fulva","(Sclater, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.781",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of central Peru (southern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5B9C83D",null,null,"Huasampilla (alt. 10,000 ft.), Cusco, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/947/mode/1up","Thryophilus fulvus"],["25951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia fulva gravesi","Remsen & Brumfield, 1998","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111 p.1012",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Puno) to northern Bolivia (Cochabamba and La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA78BB84",null,null,"Incachaca, 8000 ft, depto. Cochabamba, Bolivia, on 4 Jun 1937 by M. A. Carriker, Jr.","Two new subspecies of Cinnycerthia fulva (Aves: Troglodytidae) from the southern Andes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107585#page/550/mode/1up","Cinnycerthia fulva gravesi"],["25952","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia unirufa","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.105","Rufous Wren","Rufous Wren","Rufous Wren",null,null,"humid montane forest from Sierra de Perijá on northern Colombia-Venezuela border and Andes of southwestern Venezuela southward through far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711351","rufwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufwre1","avibase-594A4DB7",null,null,"'Santa Fé-de-Bogotá', Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/115/mode/1up","Limnornis unirufus"],["25953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia unirufa unirufa","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northeastern Colombia and far western Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF698BE2",null,null,"'Santa Fé-de-Bogotá', Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/115/mode/1up","Limnornis unirufus"],["25954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia unirufa chakei","Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica 6 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Perijá Mountains (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDB903B7",null,null,"Río Negro (alt. 2,900 m.), on the Colombia- Venezuela border, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Cuatro aves nuevas y dos extensiones de distribución para Venezuela, de Perijá.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-aves-nuevas-y-dos-extensiones-de-distribucion-para-venezuela-de-perija/","Cinnycerthia unirufa chakei"],["25955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia unirufa unibrunnea","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.59-60",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0DBE0EF",null,null,"Phichincha, Ecuador.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/67/mode/1up","Limnornis ou Thryothorus unibrunneus"],["25956","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia peruana","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.317","Peruvian Wren","Peruvian Wren","Peruvian Wren",null,null,"eastern Andes of Peru (Amazonas to Ayacucho)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733805","perwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perwre1","avibase-EA4C21DC",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/329/mode/1up","Presbys peruanus"],["25957","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia olivascens","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.184 pl.11","Sepia-brown Wren","Sharpe's Wren","Sharpe's Wren",null,null,"montane forest of Andes from northern Colombia through San Martin in northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733815","shawre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shawre1","avibase-D51075E1",null,null,"Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/202/mode/1up","Cinnicerthia olivascens"],["25958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia olivascens bogotensis","(Matschie, 1885)","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.172 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4F90E47",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Bericht über die September-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/478/mode/1up","Presbys bogotensis"],["25959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cinnycerthia olivascens olivascens","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.184 pl.11",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Andes of Colombia to far northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF3FFDD3",null,null,"Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/202/mode/1up","Cinnicerthia olivascens"],["25960","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus","Mann, Barker, Graves et al., 2006","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40.3 (2006) 750-759.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thryothorus longirostris [Vieillot, 1819]; type by original designation",null,"Molecular data delineate four genera of \"Thryothorus\" wrens.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7031608","Cantorchilus"],["25961","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus thoracicus","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.580","Stripe-breasted Wren","Stripe-breasted Wren","Stripe-breasted Wren",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Nicaragua to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711441","stbwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbwre1","avibase-535B0642",null,null,"Tucurrique, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/676/mode/1up","Thryothorus thoracicus"],["25962","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucopogon","(Salvadori & Festa, 1899)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.357 p.6","Stripe-throated Wren","Stripe-throated Wren","Stripe-throated Wren",null,null,"forest edge in lowlands on both slopes of central Panama to north-central Colombia and, west of Andes, southward to west-central Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711444","sttwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttwre1","avibase-6CD673F3",null,null,"Río Peripa, Pichincha, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/142/mode/1up","Thryophilus leucopogon"],["25963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucopogon grisescens","(Griscom, 1932)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83ADBD0C",null,null,"Perme, Darien, Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/455/mode/1up","Thryophilus leucopogon grisescens"],["25964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucopogon leucopogon","(Salvadori & Festa, 1899)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.357 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of eastern Panama (Darién), western Colombia, and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E36E5190",null,null,"Río Peripa, Pichincha, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/142/mode/1up","Thryophilus leucopogon"],["25965","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus modestus","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.409","Cabanis's Wren","Cabanis's Wren",null,"2025-1155","Taxon <em>elutus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cantorchilus modestus</em> based on deep mitochondrial DNA divergence and apparent paraphyly, supported by subtle plumage differences (Saucier et al. 2015). Information on vocal differences is conflicting (Mann et al. 2003; Saucier et al. 2015; Boesman 2016l); however, songs of <em>Cantorchilus </em>wrens are complex and should be the subject of a detailed multi-parameter analysis.","southern Mexico (Oaxaca) southward on the Pacific slope to northwestern Costa Rica; locally on the Caribbean slope from southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Honduras",null,null,null,"plawre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plawre1","avibase-29FC8105",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/421/mode/1up","Thryothorus modestus"],["25966","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus zeledoni","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.39 p.252","Canebrake Wren","Canebrake Wren","Canebrake Wren",null,null,"eastern Nicaragua to eastern Costa Rica and northwestern Panama (western Bocas del Toro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889576","plawre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plawre3","avibase-5993D0AB",null,null,"'Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica [= Talamanca], Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/276/mode/1up","Thryophilus zeledoni"],["25967","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus elutus","(Bangs, 1902)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.51","Isthmian Wren","Isthmian Wren",null,"2025-1155","Taxon <em>elutus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cantorchilus modestus</em> based on deep mitochondrial DNA divergence and apparent paraphyly, supported by subtle plumage differences (Saucier et al. 2015). Information on vocal differences is conflicting (Mann et al. 2003; Saucier et al. 2015; Boesman 2016l); however, songs of <em>Cantorchilus </em>wrens are complex and should be the subject of a detailed multi-parameter analysis.","southwestern Costa Rica and Pacific slope of Panama (eastward to Panamá Province); also Caribbean slope of central Panama",null,null,null,"istwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/istwre1","avibase-B5E5DF75",null,null,"Loma del Leon, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/59/mode/1up","Thryophilus modestus elutus"],["25968","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus griseus","(Todd, 1925)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.91","Grey Wren","Gray Wren","Grey Wren",null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil (southwestern Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711479","grywre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grywre1","avibase-F04B5608",null,null,"? Hiutanaa, Rio Purus, Amazonas, Brazil.","Sixteen new birds from Brazil and Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/117/mode/1up","Thryophilus griseus"],["25969","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus semibadius","(Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.181","Riverside Wren","Riverside Wren","Riverside Wren",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711435","rivwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rivwre1","avibase-085440D8",null,null,"Bugaba, Chiriquí, Panama.","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/239/mode/1up","Thryothorus semibadius"],["25970","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.84","Bay Wren","Bay Wren","Bay Wren",null,null,"humid forest edge near water in lowlands to hills on Caribbean slope from northern Honduras (rare), eastern Nicaragua to central Panama, thence both slopes eastward to north-central Colombia and southward west of Andes to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711438","baywre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baywre1","avibase-8F45CD3F",null,null,"Nanegal (alt. ca. 4,000 ft.), Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/122/mode/1up","Thryothorus nigricapillus"],["25971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus costaricensis","(Sharpe, 1882)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2EAB890",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/235/mode/1up","Thryophilus costaricensis"],["25972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus castaneus","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama (Veraguas to Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0A01A1F",null,null,"Loma del Leon, Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 2.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/341/mode/1up","Thryothorus castaneus"],["25973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus odicus","(Wetmore, 1959)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139, no.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama (Escudo de Veraguas Island, Bocas del Toro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EFA8417",null,null,"Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Bocas del Toro, Panama","The birds of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36105#page/54/mode/1up","Thryophilus nigricapillus odicus"],["25974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus reditus","(Griscom, 1932)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72, no.9 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Panama (eastern Colón, San Blas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF8B4D8B",null,null,"Permé, Darien, Panama.","The ornithology of the Carribean coast of extreme eastern Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21133#page/454/mode/1up","Thryophilus nigricapillus reditus"],["25975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus schottii","(Baird, 1864)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.133, p.123 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of eastern Panama (Darién) and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0504C10",null,null,"Río Truando, Chocó, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/145/mode/1up","Thryophilus schottii"],["25976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus connectens","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Cauca and Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3869D2AA",null,null,"Cocal (alt. 5,000 ft.), Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Thryophilus nigricapillus connectens"],["25977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus nigricapillus nigricapillus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador (Esmeraldas to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-920D36FE",null,null,"Nanegal (alt. ca. 4,000 ft.), Pichincha, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/122/mode/1up","Thryothorus nigricapillus"],["25978","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus superciliaris","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.235","Superciliated Wren","Superciliated Wren","Superciliated Wren",null,null,"dry woodland and scrub of lowlands to hills from Manabí in west-central Ecuador through Ancash in northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711470","supwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/supwre1","avibase-18C1675B",null,null,"Isla de Puna, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/251/mode/1up","Thryothorus superciliaris"],["25979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus superciliaris superciliaris","(Lawrence, 1869)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal Ecuador (Manabí to Guayas); Isla Puná",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-253D87E8",null,null,"Isla de Puna, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/251/mode/1up","Thryothorus superciliaris"],["25980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus superciliaris baroni","(Hellmayr, 1902)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 52 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern Ecuador (El Oro) to northwestern Peru (Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C3C021B",null,null,"Tembladera, Cajamarca, Peru.","Noch einige worte über Thryophilus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47781#page/176/mode/1up","Thryophilus baroni"],["25981","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.338","Buff-breasted Wren","Buff-breasted Wren","Buff-breasted Wren",null,null,"humid forest, thickets, gallery forest, and varzea from western Panama, including the Pearl Islands, eastward to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, southward in the Magdalena Valley, east of the Andes throughout the Orinoco and Amazon basins, Guiana Shield, and Cerrado from northern Venezuela southward to northern Bolivia, northeastern Paraguay, and Cerrado of Maranhão southward to Mato Grosso do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711467","bubwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubwre1","avibase-DF6E7F1C",null,null,"'in Colombia aut Mexico' ; restricted to Honda, Río Magdalena, Tolima, Colombia by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 165.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/348/mode/1up","Thryothorus leucotis"],["25982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis galbraithii","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (eastward of Canal Zone) and northwestern Colombia (northern Chocó and northern Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF654901",null,null,"Loma del Leon, Panama.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 2.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/340/mode/1up","Thryothorus galbraithii"],["25983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis conditus","(Bangs, 1903)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (Gulf of Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAEF8952",null,null,"Isla San Miguel, Archipielago de las Perlas, Gulfo de Panama, Panama.","A new wren from San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45440#page/13/mode/1up","Thryophilus galbraithi conditus"],["25984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis leucotis","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Río Sinú and Magdalena Valley to west slope of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21E87CBE",null,null,"'in Colombia aut Mexico' ; restricted to Honda, Río Magdalena, Tolima, Colombia by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 165.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/348/mode/1up","Thryothorus leucotis"],["25985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis collinus","(Wetmore, 1946)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Serranía de Macuira, in northern Guajira (northern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A088EA41",null,null,"Near Nazaret (alt. 1,500 to 2,000 ft.), Serrania de Macuira, Guajira, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/665/mode/1up","Thryophilus leucotis collinus"],["25986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis venezuelanus","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (eastern Santa Marta region, plains of Guajira) and northwestern Venezuela (northern and eastern Zulia eastward to Yaracuy, Cojedes, and Aragua, southward to Barinas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B72D8D8",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/94/mode/1up","Thryothorus venezuelanus"],["25987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis zuliensis","(Hellmayr, 1934)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.7 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (western Zulia southward to northwestern Táchira and western Mérida) and adjacent Colombia (Norte de Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-823B1551",null,null,"Orope, Zulia [= Táchira], Venezuela.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part VII. Corvidae-Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20926#page/180/mode/1up","Thryothorus leucotis zuliensis"],["25988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis hypoleucus","(Berlepsch & Hartert, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Venezuela (northern Apure, Guárico, southern Anzoátegui, and northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24A8D02F",null,null,"Altagracia, Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela.","[Exhibition and description of a new race of a Wren from the Orinoko River].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/268/mode/1up","Thryophilus albipectus hypoleucus"],["25989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis bogotensis","(Hellmayr, 1901)","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13 p.770, 774",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and central Venezuela (southern Táchira and far southwestern Barinas eastward to western Bolívar and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECEAF492",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49946#page/788/mode/1up","Thryophilus albipectus bogotensis"],["25990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis albipectus","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.673",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (southeastern Monagas southward to northern and eastern Bolívar), the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil (eastern Amazonas eastward to northern Maranhão, southward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33AA48A8",null,null,"Cayenne, French Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/163/mode/1up","Thryothorus albipectus"],["25991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis peruanus","(Hellmayr, 1921)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.5 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Ecuador, southeastern Colombia, eastern Peru (southward to Junín), and western Brazil (Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07F00DA1",null,null,"Nauta, Río Marañón, Loreto, Peru.","Zwei neue neotropische Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/53/mode/1up","Thryophilus leucotis peruanus"],["25992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus leucotis rufiventris","(Sclater, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, and Minas Gerais) southward to far eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3289EC3E",null,null,"Goiás and Mato Grosso, Brazil.","Notices of some new or little-known Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/402/mode/1up","Thryothorus rufiventris"],["25993","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus guarayanus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.26","Fawn-breasted Wren","Fawn-breasted Wren","Fawn-breasted Wren",null,null,"northern Bolivia, adjacent southwestern Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso), and Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711473","fabwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fabwre1","avibase-9CC8A7D9",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/142/mode/1up","Troglodytes guarayana"],["25994","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus longirostris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.56","Long-billed Wren","Long-billed Wren","Long-billed Wren",null,null,"forest edge, Caatinga, and mangroves of lowlands from Piauí eastward to northeastern Brazil and southward through Maranhão to Santa Catarina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711476","lobwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobwre1","avibase-8966445C",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/64/mode/1up","Thryothorus longirostris"],["25995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus longirostris bahiae","(Hellmayr, 1904)","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.4 p.535",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Ceará and eastern Piauí to northern Bahia and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9111BB3F",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","Bemerkungen über neotropische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/545/mode/1up","Thryophilus longirostris bahiae"],["25996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cantorchilus longirostris longirostris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (eastern Minas Gerais to southern Bahia and northern Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C28E73AF",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/64/mode/1up","Thryothorus longirostris"],["25997","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Scytalopus prostheleucus [Sclater, PL, 1857]; type by original designation",null,"On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/218/mode/1up","Henicorhina"],["25998","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucoptera","Fitzpatrick, Terborgh & Willard, 1977","The Auk 94, no.2 p.195-201,front.","Bar-winged Wood Wren","Bar-winged Wood-Wren","Bar-winged Wood-wren",null,null,"Andes of northern Peru and adjacent Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711532","bwwwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bwwwre1","avibase-5A62A484",null,null,"Cordillera de Condor, above San José de Lourdes, dept. Cajamarca, Peru, 5 02'S, 78 51'W, elev. 2200 m","A new species of wood-wren from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol94/iss2/1/","Henicorhina leucoptera"],["25999","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.206","White-breasted Wood Wren","White-breasted Wood-Wren","White-breasted Wood-wren",null,null,"disjunctly in humid forest in the Gulf slope, including the Yucatan Peninsula, from southern San Luis Potosí (east-central Mexico) to eastern Panama, the Pacific slope of Chiapas and Guatemala, and the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica to northern Colombia southward along major river systems and west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador, and east of the Andes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, north of the Amazon River, westward to eastern Colombia and central Peru (to Pasco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711521","wbwwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbwwre1","avibase-3563183F",null,null,"Guiana and Mexico ; restricted to Guiana by Salvin, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 26, p. 64.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/214/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus leucosticta"],["26000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta decolorata","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AA3BF99",null,null,"27 km N Poza Rica, Veracruz, alt. 90 m, Mexico",null,null,"Henicorhina leucosticta decolorata"],["26001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta prostheleuca","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to Belize and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CAEC98D",null,null,"Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/348/mode/1up","Scytalopus prostheleucus"],["26002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta smithei","Dickerman, 1973","The Condor 75, no.3 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"Petén of Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E16A5DFB",null,null,"5.5 km E. 6 km SSE new subsnecies San Benito, Department of Peten, Guatemala, 8 April 1966, by Robert W. Dickerman","A review of the white-breasted woodwrens of México and central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol75/iss3/29/","Henicorhina leucosticta smithei"],["26003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta tropaea","Bangs & Peters, 1927","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 67, no.15 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F683EDDD",null,null,"La Vijagua, Costa Rica.","Birds from the rain forest region of Vera Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21143#page/636/mode/1up","Henicorhina prostheleuca tropaea"],["26004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta costaricensis","Dickerman, 1973","The Condor 75, no.3 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"central Costa Rica (Cartago and Limón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CF78009",null,null,"Turrialba, Cartago Province, Costa Rica, 9 November 1963, by D. G. Huckaby","A review of the white-breasted woodwrens of México and central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol75/iss3/29/","Henicorhina leucosticta costaricensis"],["26005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta pittieri","Cherrie, 1893","Anales del Instituto Físico-Geográfico del Museo Nacional de Costa Rica 4, (1891) p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and Panama (eastward to Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B07178E",null,null,"Boruca, Costa Rica.",null,null,"Henicorhina pittieri"],["26006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta alexandri","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8000624A",null,null,"Río Chacumaque at mouth of Río Tuquesa, Darien, Panama",null,null,"Henicorhina leucosticta alexandri"],["26007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta darienensis","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.4 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of eastern Panama and western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03340353",null,null,"Tacarcuna, Panama.","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/37/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucosticta darienensis"],["26008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta albilateralis","Chapman, 1917","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 36 p.524",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical northern and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-511E6792",null,null,"El Consuelo (alt. 3,300 ft.), 18 km. southwest of Honda, Cundinamarca, Colombia.","The distribution of bird-life in Colombia ; a contribution to a biological survey of South America'.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1243","Henicorhina prostheleuca albilateralis"],["26009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta leucosticta","(Cabanis, 1847)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79DF5F3C",null,null,"Guiana and Mexico ; restricted to Guiana by Salvin, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 26, p. 64.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/214/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus leucosticta"],["26010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta eucharis","Bangs, 1910","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F98EEEB1",null,null,"near Pavas (alt. 4,400 ft.), Valle, Colombia.","New or rare birds from western Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22872#page/96/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucosticta eucharis"],["26011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta inornata","Hellmayr, 1904","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.4 p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southern Colombia and far northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9510C59",null,null,"Lita, Imbabura, Ecuador.","Bemerkungen über neotropische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/538/mode/1up","Henicorhina inornata"],["26012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucosticta hauxwelli","Chubb, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and central Peru east of Andes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-111529D6",null,null,"Elvira, Río Marañón, Peru.","Descriptions of new subspecies [of South American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/424/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucosticta hauxwelli"],["26013","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.282","Grey-breasted Wood Wren","Gray-breasted Wood-Wren","Grey-breasted Wood-wren",null,null,"disjunctly in humid montane forest from Jalisco and San Luis Potosí (west- and east-central Mexico) southward to northern Nicaragua, and from northwestern Costa Rica to far northwestern Colombia, in coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, Andes of western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north and west of the Río Marañón, and eastern Andes from northern Peru to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889800","gbwwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbwwre1","avibase-57420691",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/290/mode/1up","Troglodytes leucophrys"],["26014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys minuscula","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.7 p.126 [126-127]",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBABFD72",null,null,"Sierra de Autlan 5km by road (and just 5511) south-west of Los Corralitos, south of Ahuacapan, south-western Jalisco","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/172/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucophrys minuscula"],["26015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys festiva","Nelson, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EE48DA2",null,null,"Ornilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/171/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucophrys festiva"],["26016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys mexicana","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.73-74",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Puebla, Veracruz, and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-229B3139",null,null,"Jico, Veracruz, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Henicorhina mexicana"],["26017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys castanea","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Mexico and northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09433C0F",null,null,"eastern Guatemala.","Diagnoses of nine new forms of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/181/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucophrys castanea"],["26018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys capitalis","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (western Chiapas) to western Guatemala and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B7F2148",null,null,"Pinabete [ca. 48 mi. N. Tapachula, Soconusco], Chiapas, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Henicorhina leucophrys capitalis"],["26019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys composita","Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"El Salvador, Honduras, and northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56EFFD97",null,null,"Cerro Cantoral, Francisco Morazan, Honduras.","New Birds from Honduras and Mexico.",null,"Henicorhina leucophrys composita"],["26020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys collina","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí and Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E47AB80",null,null,"Boquete (alt. 6,000 ft.), Volcán de Chiriquí, Chiriquí, Panama.","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/63/mode/1up","Henicorhina collina"],["26021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys bangsi","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical and upper tropical Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0A3DC7C",null,null,"San Francisco, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","Diagnoses of nine new forms of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/181/mode/1up","Henicorhina hilaris bangsi"],["26022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys manastarae","Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica 6 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Serrania de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6D85411",null,null,"Manastara (alt. 1,140 m.), Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Cuatro aves nuevas y dos extensiones de distribución para Venezuela, de Perijá.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-aves-nuevas-y-dos-extensiones-de-distribucion-para-venezuela-de-perija/","Henicorhina leucophrys manastarae"],["26023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys sanluisensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1959","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72, no.22 p.124-125",null,null,null,null,null,"Falcón (northwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9B701B5",null,null,"Curimagua, Sierra de San Luis, Estado Falcón, Venezuela, elev. 1300 m","Two new subspecies of birds from the San Luis mountains of Venezuela and distributional notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/138/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucophrys sanluisensis"],["26024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys venezuelensis","Hellmayr, 1904","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.4 p.530",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Lara to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A597B03",null,null,"Cerro Bucarito, near El Tocuyo, Lara, Venezuela.","Bemerkungen über neotropische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/540/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucophrys venezuelensis"],["26025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys meridana","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.4 p.11-12",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DD71DA4",null,null,"Altos de Tabay, Mérida, Venezuela.","New South American Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/31/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucophrys meridana"],["26026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys tamae","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Táchira (western Venezuela) and north-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-598D0852",null,null,"Páramo de Tamá Camp (alt. 2,540 ft.), Táchira, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Henicorhina leucophrys tamae"],["26027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys brunneiceps","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia to far northern Ecuador (Imbabura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60A38CAA",null,null,"La Gallera (alt. 5,700 ft.), Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Henicorhina leucophrys brunneiceps"],["26028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys hilaris","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3 p.284-285",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15163AFB",null,null,"Chaguarpata (alt. 5,700 ft.), Chimborazo, Ecuador.","Deuxième liste des Oiseaux recueillis dans l'Ecuadeur occidental par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/364/mode/1up","Henicorhina hilaris"],["26029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys leucophrys","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A14F29F1",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/290/mode/1up","Troglodytes leucophrys"],["26030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina leucophrys boliviana","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.4 p.10-11",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of western Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A72A2049",null,null,"Incachaca, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","New South American Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/30/mode/1up","Henicorhina leucophrys boliviana"],["26031","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina anachoreta","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.84","Hermit Wood Wren","Hermit Wood-Wren","Hermit Wood-wren",null,null,"temperate and upper subtropical Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889855","gybwow3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybwow3","avibase-BDC37153",null,null,"Páramo de Chirugua (alt. 12,000 ft.), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","The gray-breasted Wood Wrens of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/98/mode/1up","Henicorhina anachoreta"],["26032","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Henicorhina negreti","Salaman, Coopmans, Donegan et al., 2003","Ornitología Colombiana 1 p.4-21","Munchique Wood Wren","Munchique Wood-Wren","Munchique Wood-wren",null,null,"western Andes of Colombia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733110","munwow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/munwow1","avibase-228BABC3",null,null,"Tambito” Natural Reserve, alongside the border of Munchique National Park (250 meters up the road from 20 de Julio cabin), Municipality of El Tambo, Cauca Department, Colombia (2°30’57.8N 76°58’29.9\"W). The collection locality is at 2350 m elevation on the Pacific slope of the Munchique massif of the Western Andes (Cordillera Occidental) of Colombia, in lower montane rain forest. collected and prepared by P. G. W. Salaman (original number EBA-01 # 04) on 25 July 2000","A new species of wood-wren (Troglodytidae: Henicorhina) from the Western Andes of Colombia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259148125","Henicorhina negreti"],["26033","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus","Cabanis, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cyphorhinus thoracicus [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/290/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus"],["26034","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.291","Song Wren","Song Wren","Song Wren",null,null,"humid forest of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from southeastern Honduras eastward through western Panama, thence both slopes from central Panama, to north-central Colombia and southward west of Andes through southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711554","sonwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sonwre1","avibase-AC56BC49",null,null,"Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Esmeraldas, Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/373/mode/1up","Cyphorinus phaeocephalus"],["26035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus richardsoni","Salvin, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.6 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Honduras to eastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F520D89",null,null,"Santo Domingo, Chontales, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/58/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus richardsoni"],["26036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus infuscatus","Zimmer, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.573 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of far southern Nicaragua to far northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17EBC138",null,null,"Carrillo (alt. 1,000 ft.), Costa Rica.","The Central American forms of the musician wren, Cyphorhinus lawrencii Lawrence","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4162/","Cyphorhinus lawrencii infuscatus"],["26037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus lawrencii","Lawrence, 1863","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8[\"1867\"] p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama to far northwestern Colombia (Gulf of Urabá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-245C2E19",null,null,"Panama Railroad Route, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/25/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus lawrencii"],["26038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus propinquus","(Todd, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical lowlands of north-central Colombia (Bolívar and Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D03B66D",null,null,"Jaraquiel, Bolívar, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/140/mode/1up","Leucolepis phaeocephalus propinquus"],["26039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus chocoanus","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1946)","Notulae Naturae no.161 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia from near Panamanian border southward to northern Chocó",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6979690B",null,null,"Alto del Buey (alt. 3,000 ft.), above the Río Baudo, Chocó, Colombia.",null,null,"Leucolepis phaeocephala chocoana"],["26040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus phaeocephalus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of western Colombia (southern Chocó) to western Ecuador (southward to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2996E87",null,null,"Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Esmeraldas, Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/373/mode/1up","Cyphorinus phaeocephalus"],["26041","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus arada","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.211,note-r","Musician Wren","Musician Wren","Musician Wren",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to Amapá (far northern Brazil) and the Amazon basin from southern Colombia southward along the Andean foothills to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz) and eastward to central Brazil (Pará and western Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711560","muswre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/muswre2","avibase-FAF1A289",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/231/mode/1up","Myrm[ornis] arada"],["26042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus arada arada","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.211,note-r",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (north of the Amazon River, east of the Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-828FAD94",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/231/mode/1up","Myrm[ornis] arada"],["26043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus arada griseolateralis","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.660 p.518",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Amazonian Brazil in drainage of Rio Tapajós (south bank of the lower Amazon River east of Rio Tapajós, southward to Rio Jamanxim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D304A1E2",null,null,"Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/532/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus griseolateralis"],["26044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus arada interpositus","(Todd, 1932)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.4 p.13-14",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil (from Rio Madeira eastward to Rio Tapajós to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C091052",null,null,"Vila Braga, Pará, Brazil.","New South American Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/33/mode/1up","Leucolepis modulator interpositus"],["26045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus arada transfluvialis","(Todd, 1932)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.4 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Caquetá) to northern Brazil (eastern Amazonas eastward to Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEAA52E9",null,null,"Manacapuru, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil.","New South American Wrens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/33/mode/1up","Leucolepis modulator transfluvialis"],["26046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus arada salvini","Sharpe, 1882","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 6 p.292 pl.18 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (Loreto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3315D8F",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34311#page/310/mode/1up","Cyphorinus salvini"],["26047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus arada modulator","(d'Orbigny, 1838)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 35, Oiseaux p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil (east and south of the Amazon River, to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAD21FDA",null,null,"du pied de la chaine des Andes boliviennes, principalement dans la province de Yungas et dans le pays habité par les Indiens yuracarès",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/246/mode/1up","Thryothorus modulator"],["26048","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus thoracicus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.282","Southern Chestnut-breasted Wren","Southern Chestnut-breasted Wren","Southern Chestnut-breasted Wren","2025-1154","Taxon <em>dichrous </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cyphorhinus thoracicus</em> based on consistent differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016ccc).","tropical and subtropical east slope of Andes of Peru south and east of the Marañón River (Amazonas south to Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889880","chbwre3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbwre3","avibase-0664F1F4",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/290/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus thoracicus"],["26049","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Cyphorhinus dichrous","Sclater & Salvin, 1879","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.492 pl.41","Northern Chestnut-breasted Wren","Northern Chestnut-breasted Wren","Northern Chestnut-breasted Wren","2025-1154","Taxon <em>dichrous </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cyphorhinus thoracicus</em> based on consistent differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016ccc).","central and western Andes of Colombia to Peru (San Martín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889940","chbwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbwre2","avibase-EC974AC4",null,null,"Remedios [probably above], Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/254/mode/1up","Cyphorhinus dichrous"],["26050","genus","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus","Baird, 1864","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 12, vol.1, no.181 p.127-128",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Thryothorus rufalbus [Lafresnaye, 1845]; type by original designation",null,"Review of American Birds in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36100#page/151/mode/1up","Thryophilus"],["26051","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus sinaloa","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.130, 122 (in key)","Sinaloa Wren","Sinaloa Wren","Sinaloa Wren",null,null,"deciduous forest of lowlands to hills of Pacific slope of Mexico from northern Sonora to southeastern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711461","sinwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinwre1","avibase-7F9FC6F3",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/142/mode/1up","Thryophilus sinaloa"],["26052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus sinaloa cinereus","Brewster, 1889","The Auk 6, no.2 p.96-97",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora, southwestern Chihuahua, and northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F36BF305",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from western North America and Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss2/1/","Thryophilus sinaloa cinereus"],["26053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus sinaloa sinaloa","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.130, 122 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (central Sinaloa to western Durango, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CA00329",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/142/mode/1up","Thryophilus sinaloa"],["26054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus sinaloa russeus","Nelson, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (central Guerrero to far southwestern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30DF83EA",null,null,"Acahuizotla, Guerrero, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/170/mode/1up","Thryophilus sinaloa russeus"],["26055","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus","(Sclater, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.30","Banded Wren","Banded Wren","Banded Wren",null,null,"dry scrub and woodland from lowlands to hills of Pacific slope of Mesoamerica from Michoacan (west-central Mexico) southward through northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711447","banwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banwre1","avibase-6BBBDB1A",null,null,"'Verapaz', Guatemala; Gualan, Zacapa, Guatemala designated by Griscom, 1932, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 64, p. 291.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/58/mode/1up","Thryothorus pleurostictus"],["26056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus nisorius","(Sclater, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.3 p.592, pl. XLV",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico (Morelos, Puebla, and Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5618B9E",null,null,"Real Arriba, Mexico, Mexico.","Description of a new Species of Mexican Wren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/706/mode/1up","Thryothorus nisorius"],["26057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus oaxacae","(Brodkorb, 1942)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 459 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (coastal central Guerrero eastward to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-509006B6",null,null,"Bahia Santa Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico.","A revisionary study of the Wren, Thryothorus pleurostictus.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56898","Thryothorus pleurostictus oaxacae"],["26058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus acaciarum","(Brodkorb, 1942)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.459 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiapas except eastern Pacific lowlands (southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24C2C334",null,null,"Kilometro Veintiseis (alt. 800 m.), 10 km. west of Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico.",null,"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56898","Thryothorus pleurostictus acaciarum"],["26059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus oblitus","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of eastern Chiapas to Guatemala and western El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8850B974",null,null,"Barra de Santiago, Ahuachapan, El Salvador.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. A. Notes on some species and subspecies of Guatemala Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/445/mode/1up","Pheugopedius pleurostictus oblitus"],["26060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus pleurostictus","(Sclater, 1860)","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Guatemala (Gualán region of Zacapa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-169F1B22",null,null,"'Verapaz', Guatemala; Gualan, Zacapa, Guatemala designated by Griscom, 1932, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 64, p. 291.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/58/mode/1up","Thryothorus pleurostictus"],["26061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus lateralis","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of central and eastern El Salvador and southwestern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C37C2741",null,null,"Laguna Olomega (alt. 200 ft.), San Miguel, El Salvador.","Seven new Birds from Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/23/mode/1up","Thryophilus pleurostictus lateralis"],["26062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus","Ridgway, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Nicaragua to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85121FE1",null,null,"San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua.","Diagnoses of nine new forms of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/180/mode/1up","Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus"],["26063","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus rufalbus","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.337","Rufous-and-white Wren","Rufous-and-white Wren","Rufous-and-white Wren",null,null,"dry deciduous forest in hills of Pacific slope from southwestern Chiapas through Panama, but both slopes in Honduras; disjunctly northwestern and north-central Colombia to Paría Peninsula of eastern coastal Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711455","rawwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rawwre1","avibase-0A9020EB",null,null,"Mexico, error = Guatemala.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/347/mode/1up","Thryothorus rufalbus"],["26064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus rufalbus rufalbus","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Pacific slope of far southwestern Chiapas), western Guatemala, and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5217ADEA",null,null,"Mexico, error = Guatemala.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/347/mode/1up","Thryothorus rufalbus"],["26065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus rufalbus sylvus","(Phillips, 1986)","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Guatemala and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6AFF373",null,null,"L. Yojoa, Honduras",null,null,"Thryothorus rufalbus sylvus"],["26066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotus","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 23 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras through Nicaragua and western Costa Rica, to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21444DD8",null,null,"'Nicaragua to the highlands of Columbia [sic]', error = Angostura, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132042#page/408/mode/1up","Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotus"],["26067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus rufalbus cumanensis","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Paria Peninsula, southward to eastern Guárico and eastern Apure)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-354BA183",null,null,"Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/420/mode/1up","Troglodytes cumanensis"],["26068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus rufalbus minlosi","Berlepsch, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.249,280 pl.1 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (southward to Meta) and northwestern Venezuela (western Zulia, and Cojedes southward to southern Táchira and western Apure)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F38F2F3",null,null,"'Bucaramanga' [type probably taken nearby on east slope of Eastern Andes. Vide, de Schauensee, op. cit., p. 896], Santander, Colombia.","Bericht über die März-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/261/mode/1up","Thryophilus minlosi"],["26069","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus nicefori","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1946)","Notulae Naturae no.182 p.1","Niceforo's Wren","Niceforo's Wren","Niceforo's Wren",null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of northern Colombia (near San Gil on Río Fonce)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711458","nicwre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicwre1","avibase-CDEAC371",null,null,"San Gil, south of Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.","A new species of Wren from Colombia.",null,"Thryothorus nicefori"],["26070","species","Passeriformes","Troglodytidae","Wrens","Thryophilus sernai","Lara, Cuervo, Valderrama et al., 2012","The Auk 129, no.3 p.537-550","Antioquia Wren","Antioquia Wren","Antioquia Wren",null,null,"arid Cauca Valley, Antioquia, Colombia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103889265","antwre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antwre2","avibase-B0D4848C",null,null,"ußweg El Espinal, ~3,2 km SSW Santa Fé de Antioquia, W-Ufer des Río Cauca, Dept. Antioquia, Kolumbien (6°31‘55‘‘N, 75°49‘54‘‘W; 515m NN)","A new species of wren (troglodytidae: thryophilus) from the dry cauca river canyon, northwestern colombia.","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/129/3/537/5148769","Thryophilus sernai"],["26071","family","Passeriformes","Elachuridae","Elachura","Elachuridae",null,null,"Elachura","Spotted Elachura","Elachura",null,null,null,null,null,null,"elachu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elachu1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["26072","genus","Passeriformes","Elachuridae","Elachura","Elachura","Oates, 1889","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.328,339",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Troglodytes punctatus [Blyth, 1845]; type by monotypy = Troglodytes formosus Walden, 1874",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/352/mode/1up","Elachura"],["26073","species","Passeriformes","Elachuridae","Elachura","Elachura formosa","(Walden, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.13 p.91","Spotted Elachura","Spotted Elachura","Spotted Elachura",null,null,"eastern Nepal, northeastern India, and northeastern Bangladesh to southeastern China (Yunnan eastward, patchily, to Fujian and Guangdong), southward to west-central Myanmar, central Laos, and northwestern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716127","spwbab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwbab1","avibase-2721665B",null,null,"Darjeeling, West Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/117/mode/1up","T[roglodytes] formosus"],["26074","family","Passeriformes","Buphagidae","Oxpeckers","Buphagidae",null,null,"Oxpeckers","Oxpeckers","Oxpeckers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"buphag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buphag1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["26075","genus","Passeriformes","Buphagidae","Oxpeckers","Buphagus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.32;2, p.436",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Buphaga africana [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Buphaga africana Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/74/mode/1up","Buphagus"],["26076","species","Passeriformes","Buphagidae","Oxpeckers","Buphagus erythroryncha","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lix","Red-billed Oxpecker","Red-billed Oxpecker","Red-billed Oxpecker","2025-N026","The original spelling was <em>Tanagra erythroryncha</em>, but the species was soon moved into the genus <em>Buphagus</em>, and many modern sources have emended the original spelling to \"<em>erythrorhynchus</em>\" (with an -rh). In 2023, by some measures, the usage of the -rh spelling was roughly an order of magnitude higher than the usage of the original -r spelling, but by other measures, it was only ~4 times higher, which is not considered as a prevailing usage by most practitioners, hence arguing in favor of the retention of the original -r spelling. Additionally, <em>erythroryncha </em>is not an adjective but a poorly formed noun, and its ending can therefore not be adjusted according to the gender of the genus. Therefore, the original spelling \"<em>erythroryncha</em>\" is retained.","lowland to montane savanna woodland, farmland, and grazed grassland, in eastern and southern Africa, from eastern Sudan and Eritrea southward to northeastern Namibia, Botswana, eastern South Africa, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711009","reboxp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reboxp1","avibase-7471E71D",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/659/mode/1up","Tanagra erythroryncha"],["26077","species","Passeriformes","Buphagidae","Oxpeckers","Buphagus africanus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.154","Yellow-billed Oxpecker","Yellow-billed Oxpecker","Yellow-billed Oxpecker",null,null,"open savanna with large mammals in Sahel of southern Mauritania eastward to Eritrea, southward (except for Congolian forest) to central Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711005","yeboxp1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeboxp1","avibase-5D970425",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/158/mode/1up","Buphaga africana"],["26078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Buphagidae","Oxpeckers","Buphagus africanus africanus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to southern Sudan, western and southern South Sudan, northwestern Ethiopia, and western Eritrea, also locally southwestern Angola (southward from Huíla) and northern Namibia and, in east, very locally from Uganda and Kenya southward to northern Botswana and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A948219B",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/158/mode/1up","Buphaga africana"],["26079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Buphagidae","Oxpeckers","Buphagus africanus langi","Chapin, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.17 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo Basin in Gabon, Congo, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Angola (southward to Benguela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F8C4220",null,null,"Zambi, Lower Congo River, Belgian Congo.","Notes on a new ox-pecker and other little-known birds of the Congo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4548/","Buphagus langi"],["26080","family","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimidae",null,null,"Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mockingbirds and Thrashers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"mimida2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mimida2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["26081","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Melanotis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus melanotis [Temminck, 1830]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Orpheus caerulescens Swainson, 1827",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/436/mode/1up","Melanotis"],["26082","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Melanotis hypoleucus","Hartlaub, 1852","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.460","Blue-and-white Mockingbird","Blue-and-white Mockingbird","Blue-and-white Mockingbird",null,null,"humid highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711023","bawmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawmoc1","avibase-67BFEEF0",null,null,"Guatemala.","Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Melanotis, Bonap. (Consp., p. 276).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/506/mode/1up","Melanotis hypoleucus"],["26083","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Melanotis caerulescens","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.369","Blue Mockingbird","Blue Mockingbird","Blue Mockingbird",null,null,"woodland and forest of lowlands to mountains of southeastern Sonora and central Nuevo León (northern Mexico) southward on both slopes to transvolcanic belt and thence Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711020","blumoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blumoc","avibase-C4D41592",null,null,"Mexico .","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/385/mode/1up","Orpheus caerulescens"],["26084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Melanotis caerulescens caerulescens","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine zone of western Mexico (southern Sonora to Isthmus of Tehuántepec)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA8B85A6",null,null,"Mexico .","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/385/mode/1up","Orpheus caerulescens"],["26085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Melanotis caerulescens longirostris","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D87B8EE",null,null,"Maria Madre Island, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/24/mode/1up","Melanotis caerulescens longirostris"],["26086","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Melanoptila","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Melanoptila glabrirostris [Sclater, PL, 1858]; type by monotypy",null,"Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/287/mode/1up","Melanoptila"],["26087","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Melanoptila glabrirostris","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.275","Black Catbird","Black Catbird","Black Catbird",null,null,"coastal eastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula and adjacent islands) to northern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711017","blacat1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacat1","avibase-240F0470",null,null,"in rep. Honduras, prope urbem Omoa.","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/287/mode/1up","M[elanoptila] glabrirostris"],["26088","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Dumetella","Wood, 1837","The Analyst. A quarterly journal of science, natural history, and the fine arts 5, no.18 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus felivox [Vieillot, \"1807\"]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa carolinensis Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,"Observations on the nomenclature of Neville Wood's \"British Song Birds\"","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20166#page/222/mode/1up","Dumetella"],["26089","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Dumetella carolinensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.328","Grey Catbird","Gray Catbird","Grey Catbird",null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to Gulf States; winters to West Indies and Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711013","grycat","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grycat","avibase-95B77F08",null,null,"in Carolina = Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/332/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] carolinensis"],["26090","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Ramphocinclus","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus brachyurus [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/74/mode/1up","Ramphocinclus"],["26091","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Ramphocinclus brachyurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.255","Martinique Thrasher","Martinique Thrasher",null,"2025-1206","Taxon <em>sanctaeluciae </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ramphocinclus brachyurus</em> based on deep genomic divergence (DaCosta et al. 2019), supported by minor plumage, structural, and vocal differences.","dry forest of lowlands of Caravelle Peninsula in northeastern Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"whbthr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbthr3","avibase-626A3A6E",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/273/mode/1up","Turdus brachyurus"],["26092","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Ramphocinclus sanctaeluciae","Cory, 1887","The Auk 4, no.2 p.94-95","St. Lucia Thrasher","St. Lucia Thrasher",null,"2025-1206","Taxon <em>sanctaeluciae </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ramphocinclus brachyurus</em> based on deep genomic divergence (DaCosta et al. 2019), supported by minor plumage, structural, and vocal differences.","dry forest of lowlands of St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"whbthr4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbthr4","avibase-D8F3F82C",null,null,"St. Lucia, West Indies.","Description of a new species of Rhamphocinclus from St. Lucia, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss2/2/","Ramphocinclus sanctae-luciae"],["26093","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Allenia","Cory, 1891","The Auk 8, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus montanus [Lafresnaye, 1844]; type by monotypy = Muscicapa fusca Statius Muller, 1776",null,"Notes on West Indian Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss1/7/","Allenia"],["26094","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Allenia fusca","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.170","Scaly-breasted Thrasher","Scaly-breasted Thrasher","Scaly-breasted Thrasher",null,null,"varied wooded habitats in lowlands of Lesser Antilles from Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten and Saba through St. Vincent; likely extinct Barbados",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711140","scbthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbthr","avibase-C146593B",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/190/mode/1up","Muscicapa fusca"],["26095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Allenia fusca hypenema","(Buden, 1993)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 113, no.2 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Lesser Antilles from St. Martin, Saba, and St. Barthélémy southward to Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F69D8C5",null,null,"1.5 mi. (2.4 km) SW Lodge, St. Mary Cayon Parish, St. Christopher (=St. Kitts), West Indies; collected 18 April 1962","Geographic variation in the scaly-breasted thrasher Margarops fuscus with descriptions of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/94/mode/1up","Margarops fuscus hypenemus"],["26096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Allenia fusca vincenti","(Kratter & Garrido, 1996)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 116 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7D93DAC",null,null,"Lourt, St. Andrew Parish, St. Vincent.","A new subspecies of Margarops fuscus (Scaly-breasted Thrasher) from St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/519/mode/1up","Margarops fuscus vincenti"],["26097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Allenia fusca atlantica","(Buden, 1993)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 113, no.2 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"Barbados",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB720BFB",null,null,"Barbados, east side, elev. c. 900 feet (274 m); collected 18 March 1924","Geographic variation in the scaly-breasted thrasher Margarops fuscus with descriptions of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/94/mode/1up","Margarops fuscus atlanticus"],["26098","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Allenia fusca schwartzi","(Buden, 1993)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 113, no.2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-975D9F40",null,null,"L’ Hermitage, Dauphin Quarter, St. Lucia, West Indies; collected 18 January 1962","Geographic variation in the scaly-breasted thrasher Margarops fuscus with descriptions of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/95/mode/1up","Margarops fuscus schwartzi"],["26099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Allenia fusca fusca","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (Dominica to Grenada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0AE3E59",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/190/mode/1up","Muscicapa fusca"],["26100","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Margarops","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus densirostris [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/421/mode/1up","Margarops"],["26101","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Margarops fuscatus","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.1 pl.57","Pearly-eyed Thrasher","Pearly-eyed Thrasher","Pearly-eyed Thrasher",null,null,"open and forest habitats at all elevations of mainly small islands from eastern Bahamas from Abaco southward, Turks and Caicos Islands, eastern Hispaniola, Puerto Rico including satellite islands, Virgin Islands, and through Lesser Antilles to St. Lucia; also Bonaire; range expanding and numerous vagrant records elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711147","peethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peethr1","avibase-C2A16FAE",null,null,"bis les grandes iles Antilles et particulierement a Porto-Ricco et a Saint-Domingue.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/17/mode/1up","Turdus fuscatus"],["26102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Margarops fuscatus fuscatus","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.1 pl.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas (southward from Eleuthera), Turks and Caicos, southeastern Dominican Republic including and Beata Island, Mona Island, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands and northern Lesser Antilles (Antigua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27AB62B5",null,null,"bis les grandes iles Antilles et particulierement a Porto-Ricco et a Saint-Domingue.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/17/mode/1up","Turdus fuscatus"],["26103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Margarops fuscatus klinikowskii","Garrido & Remsen, 1996","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 116 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F49AECBD",null,null,"De Barra, Dauphin Qtr., St. Lucia; collected 10 April 1962 by Albert Schwartz.","A new subspecies of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher Margarops fuscatus (Mimidae) from the island of St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/402/mode/1up","Margarops fuscatus klinikowskii"],["26104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Margarops fuscatus densirostris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Martinique (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD421F9",null,null,"? type locality not indicated = Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/250/mode/1up","Turdus densirostris"],["26105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Margarops fuscatus bonairensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.28 p.171-172",null,null,null,null,null,"Bonaire and Horquilla (Los Hermanos Archipelago off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F06AD10A",null,null,"Fontein, Bonaire Island, Dutch West Indies.","Two new subspecies of birds from Bonaire Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/353/mode/1up","Margarops fuscatus bonairensis"],["26106","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Stenorhynchus ruficauda [Gould, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/31/mode/1up","Cinclocerthia"],["26107","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia gutturalis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.67","Grey Trembler","Gray Trembler","Grey Trembler",null,null,"forest of lowlands to mountains of Martinique and St. Lucia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711133","gratre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gratre1","avibase-65229424",null,null,"des Antilles = Martinique.","Sur un petit groupe d'oiseaux des Antilles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/75/mode/1up","R[amphocinclus] gutturalis"],["26108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia gutturalis gutturalis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1573DC1D",null,null,"des Antilles = Martinique.","Sur un petit groupe d'oiseaux des Antilles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/75/mode/1up","R[amphocinclus] gutturalis"],["26109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia gutturalis macrorhyncha","Sclater, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.2 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B11A825",null,null,"in ins. S. Lucia, Antillensium","Descriptions of Six New Species of American Oscines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/408/mode/1up","Cinclocerthia macrorhyncha"],["26110","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia ruficauda","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.186","Brown Trembler","Brown Trembler","Brown Trembler",null,null,"humid forest of lowlands and hills from Montserrat to St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles, except Martinique, and records from St. Lucia unproven)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711130","brotre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brotre1","avibase-9E532090",null,null,"type locality not indicated. Restricted to Dominica by Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 273, footnote.","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/364/mode/1up","Stenorhynchus ruficauda"],["26111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia ruficauda pavida","Ridgway, 1904","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 47, vol.2, no.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (Montserrat and adjacent northwestern Leeward Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF1CD08E",null,null,"St. Christopher, Lesser Antilles. [Saint Kitts]","Descriptions of seven new species and sub-species of birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35633#page/165/mode/1up","Cinclocerthia ruficauda pavida"],["26112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia ruficauda tremula","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49A7813B",null,null,"Guadeloupe.","Sur un petit groupe d'oiseaux des Antilles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/75/mode/1up","R[amphocinclus] tremulus"],["26113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia ruficauda ruficauda","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Dominica (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F9ADDFB",null,null,"type locality not indicated. Restricted to Dominica by Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 273, footnote.","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/364/mode/1up","Stenorhynchus ruficauda"],["26114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Cinclocerthia ruficauda tenebrosa","Ridgway, 1904","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 47, vol.2, no.1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent and (at least formerly) Grenada (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CD9EC79",null,null,"Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.","Descriptions of seven new species and sub-species of birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35633#page/164/mode/1up","Cinclocerthia ruficauda tenebrosa"],["26115","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.528",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Toxostoma vetula [Wagler, 1831]; type by monotypy = Orpheus curvirostris Swainson, 1827",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/290/mode/1up","Toxostoma"],["26116","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.369","Curve-billed Thrasher","Curve-billed Thrasher","Curve-billed Thrasher",null,null,"varied open desert habitats especially with cholla cacti in lowlands to hills of western Arizona eastward through southwestern Kansas and southward through Pacific slope and highlands of Mexico to southern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711115","cubthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubthr","avibase-033B53E6",null,null,"Table land [of Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/385/mode/1up","Orpheus curvirostris"],["26117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri","(Coues, 1872)","Key to North American birds, containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern Arizona to western Mexico (central Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-061E75B7",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180340#page/377/mode/1up","H[arporhynchus] curvirostris var. palmeri"],["26118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre maculatum","(Nelson, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.269-270",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora to northern Sinaloa and southwestern Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DC77BF6",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Harporhynchus curvirostris maculatus"],["26119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre insularum","Van Rossem, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.207",null,null,null,null,null,"islands in Gulf of California (San Estéban and Tiburón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A540869",null,null,"San Esteban Island, Sonora, Mexico.","New Sonora races of Toxostoma and Pheugopedius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/283/mode/1up","Toxostoma curvirostre insularum"],["26120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre occidentale","(Ridgway, 1882)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.259 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southern Sinaloa, Nayarit, northwestern Jalisco, and western Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80F3208E",null,null,"coast region of western Mexico, in the vicinity of Tepic and Mazatlán = Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/29/mode/1up","Methriopterus curvirostris occidentalis"],["26121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre celsum","Moore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona to western Texas and northern Mexico (northeastern Sonora to western Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2BAF84C",null,null,"Laguna Juanota, southwest Chihuahua, Mexico.","Notes on Toxostoma curvirostre of Mexico, with description of a new race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/236/mode/1up","Toxostoma curvirostre celsum"],["26122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri","Law, 1928","The Condor 30, no.2 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (USA) to northeastern Mexico (eastern Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D32E2CD1",null,null,"San Diego, [Duval County], Texas.","Toxostoma curvirostris. 1. Description of a new subspecies from the Lower Rio Grande.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol30/iss2/6/","Toxostoma curvirostris oberholseri"],["26123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southeastern Jalisco to Guerrero, México, Puebla, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27B9FF95",null,null,"Table land [of Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/385/mode/1up","Orpheus curvirostris"],["26124","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma ocellatum","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.18 pl.3","Ocellated Thrasher","Ocellated Thrasher","Ocellated Thrasher",null,null,"brush and woodland of hills to mountains from Guanajuato to central Oaxaca (central to southern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711118","ocethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocethr1","avibase-624FDE60",null,null,"Oaxaca [southwestern Mexico].","On some Birds recently Collected by M. Boucard in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90953#page/42/mode/1up","Harporhynchus ocellatus"],["26125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma ocellatum ocellatum","(Sclater, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.1 p.18 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Hidalgo and México)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C02902EC",null,null,"Oaxaca [southwestern Mexico].","On some Birds recently Collected by M. Boucard in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90953#page/42/mode/1up","Harporhynchus ocellatus"],["26126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma ocellatum villai","Phillips, 1986","The known birds of North and Middle America 1 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine highlands of southern Mexico (Puebla to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DFA238E",null,null,"Contreras, Distrito Federal, Mexico",null,null,"Toxostoma ocellatum villai"],["26127","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma rufum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169","Brown Thrasher","Brown Thrasher","Brown Thrasher",null,null,"breeds in riparian woodland, forest edge, thickets in tall grass prairie, and dense shrubs, from southeastern Alberta eastward to Nova Scotia (south-central to southeastern Canada), southward to eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; winters in southern half of range",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711099","brnthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnthr","avibase-C8F9F2D0",null,null,"in America septentrionali et meridionali = South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","[Turdus] rufus"],["26128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma rufum rufum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to Gulf States (mainly east of Rocky Mountains); winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EB3CD7F",null,null,"in America septentrionali et meridionali = South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","[Turdus] rufus"],["26129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma rufum longicauda","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xxxv, 353",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Canada to eastern Colorado and Kansas; winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D295DD8",null,null,"Republican Fork = Republican River, northwestern Kansas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/417/mode/1up","H[arporhynchus] longicauda"],["26130","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma guttatum","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.21","Cozumel Thrasher","Cozumel Thrasher","Cozumel Thrasher",null,null,"Cozumel (southeastern Mexico off Quintana Roo); probably extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711105","cozthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cozthr1","avibase-E92F543E",null,null,"Cozumel [Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/377/mode/1up","Harporhynchus guttatus"],["26131","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma longirostre","(de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.4 p.55","Long-billed Thrasher","Long-billed Thrasher","Long-billed Thrasher",null,null,"brushy habitats of lowlands to hills from southern Texas and eastern Coahuila to central Veracruz (eastern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711102","lobthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobthr","avibase-6CB9F53A",null,null,"du Mexique et de la Californie = Mexico.","Note sur une espèce nouvelle du genre Moqueur, Orpheus, suivie du catalogue synonymique des dix espèces qui composent actuellement ce genre.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/61/mode/1up","[Orpheus] longirostris"],["26132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma longirostre sennetti","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.655 p.506",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern Texas to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-159CAC77",null,null,"southern Texas = Lomita, near Hidalgo, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/520/mode/1up","Harporhynchus longirostris sennetti"],["26133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma longirostre longirostre","(de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.4 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (northeastern Querétaro to northern Puebla and central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F062AE98",null,null,"du Mexique et de la Californie = Mexico.","Note sur une espèce nouvelle du genre Moqueur, Orpheus, suivie du catalogue synonymique des dix espèces qui composent actuellement ce genre.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/61/mode/1up","[Orpheus] longirostris"],["26134","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma bendirei","(Coues, 1873)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7, no.6 p.330,note","Bendire's Thrasher","Bendire's Thrasher","Bendire's Thrasher",null,null,"breeds from southern Utah and southern Colorado (southwestern USA) southward to southern Sonora (northwestern Mexico); withdraws from northern part of range in winter",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711108","benthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/benthr","avibase-E866F8FA",null,null,"Tucson, Ariz.","Some United States Birds, New to Science, and Other Things Ornithological","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/347/mode/1up","Harporhynchus Bendirei"],["26135","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma cinereum","(Xántus, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.298","Grey Thrasher","Gray Thrasher","Grey Thrasher",null,null,"desert scrub from lowlands to mountains of Baja California (except far north and northeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711111","grathr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grathr1","avibase-A3E0C737",null,null,"Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/318/mode/1up","Harporhynchus cinereus"],["26136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma cinereum mearnsi","(Anthony, 1895)","The Auk 12, no.1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"desert scrub of western Baja California (latitude 31°N to 28°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0434F563",null,null,"San Quintin, Lower California.","A new subspecies of Harporhynchus from Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss1/8/","Harporhynchus cinereus mearnsi"],["26137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma cinereum cinereum","(Xántus, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape District of southern Baja California (south of latitude 28°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F54F4C7E",null,null,"Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/318/mode/1up","Harporhynchus cinereus"],["26138","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma redivivum","(Gambel, 1845)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.10 p.264","California Thrasher","California Thrasher","California Thrasher",null,null,"chaparral from far south-central Oregon through California to northern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711124","calthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calthr","avibase-20748450",null,null,"near Monterey, in Upper California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/276/mode/1up","Harpes rediviva"],["26139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma redivivum sonomae","Grinnell, 1915","Pacific Coast Avifauna 11 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"chaparral belt of northern California (south to Monterey)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4245DB6F",null,null,"one mile west of Guerneville, Sonoma County, California.","A distributional list of the birds of California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86016#page/173/mode/1up","Toxostoma redivivum sonomae"],["26140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma redivivum redivivum","(Gambel, 1845)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2, no.10 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"chaparral belt of southern California and northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-616C534B",null,null,"near Monterey, in Upper California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30491#page/276/mode/1up","Harpes rediviva"],["26141","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma lecontei","Lawrence, 1851","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5(1852) p.121","LeConte's Thrasher","LeConte's Thrasher","LeConte's Thrasher",null,null,"sparsely vegetated desert from south-central and southeastern California, southern Nevada to western Arizona, in south disjunctly to south-central Baja California and northern Sonora",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711121","lecthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lecthr","avibase-6DF504ED",null,null,"in California, near the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers = Fort Yuma, California.","Descriptions of new species of birds, of the genera Toxostoma Wagler, Tyrannula Swainson, and Plectrophanes Meyer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/147/mode/1up","Toxostoma Le Contei"],["26142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma lecontei lecontei","Lawrence, 1851","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5(1852) p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern USA to northern Baja California and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBB8E4D9",null,null,"in California, near the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers = Fort Yuma, California.","Descriptions of new species of birds, of the genera Toxostoma Wagler, Tyrannula Swainson, and Plectrophanes Meyer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/147/mode/1up","Toxostoma Le Contei"],["26143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma lecontei macmillanorum","Phillips, 1966","Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 25 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"inland central California (southern San Joaquin Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEFF7BF7",null,null,"13 km. west of Buttonwillow, Kern Co., California","Notas sistematicas sobre aves mexicanas, III.",null,"Toxostoma lecontei macmillanorum"],["26144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma lecontei arenicola","(Anthony, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.2 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Vizcaino Desert of central Baja California (29°N to 26°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD7FD310",null,null,"Rosalia Bay, Lower California.","New birds from the islands and peninsula of Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/4/","Harporhynchus lecontei arenicola"],["26145","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma crissale","Henry, 1858","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.117","Crissal Thrasher","Crissal Thrasher","Crissal Thrasher",null,null,"arid to semiarid and riparian areas in lowlands to mountains of southwestern USA from southeastern California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, northern New Mexico, and western Texas southward through Mexico in northeastern Baja California to southern Sonora, and central plateau of Mexico southward to Hidalgo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711127","crithr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crithr","avibase-F4EE41F5",null,null,"Fort Thorn [Dona Ana County], New Mexico.","Descriptions of new Birds from Fort Thorn, New Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/137/mode/1up","Toxostoma crissalis"],["26146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma crissale coloradense","Van Rossem, 1946","The Condor 48, no.2 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern California and Arizona to northeastern Baja and northwestern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94A7E7DF",null,null,"Brawley, Imperial County, California, altitude minus 113 feet.","Two new races of birds from the Lower Colorado River valley.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol48/iss2/4/","Toxostoma dorsale coloradense"],["26147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma crissale crissale","Henry, 1858","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Arizona to western Texas (southwestern USA) to north-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35E8ED75",null,null,"Fort Thorn [Dona Ana County], New Mexico.","Descriptions of new Birds from Fort Thorn, New Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/137/mode/1up","Toxostoma crissalis"],["26148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Toxostoma crissale dumosum","Moore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico (Zacatecas, southern Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, and Hidalgo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-240564C3",null,null,"Portezuelo, Hidalgo, Mexico, altitude about 5,200 feet.","New form of Toxostoma from Hidalgo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/173/mode/1up","Toxostoma dorsale dumosum"],["26149","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Oreoscoptes","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xix,xxxxv,346",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Orpheus montanus [J.K. Townsend, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Oreoscoptes"],["26150","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Oreoscoptes montanus","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.192","Sage Thrasher","Sage Thrasher","Sage Thrasher",null,null,"breeds in sagebrush of southern British Columbia to northern Arizona and northern New Mexico; winters from southern Nevada to western Texas and southward to Durango (central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711096","sagthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sagthr","avibase-F6DF700B",null,null,"'plains of the Rocky Mountains' = Sandy Creek, lat. 42° N., long. 109° 30' W., Wyoming.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/230/mode/1up","Orpheus montanus"],["26151","genus","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.972",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus polyglottos [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/534/mode/1up","Mimus"],["26152","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus thenca","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.250,345","Chilean Mockingbird","Chilean Mockingbird","Chilean Mockingbird",null,null,"coastal Chile (Atacama to Valdivia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711050","chimoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chimoc1","avibase-7EEE7E61",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=251&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Turdus thenca"],["26153","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus patagonicus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.19","Patagonian Mockingbird","Patagonian Mockingbird","Patagonian Mockingbird",null,null,"central and southern Argentina and southern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711038","patmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/patmoc1","avibase-ADEDDFD6",null,null,"in Patagonia = Río Negro.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/135/mode/1up","Or[pheus] patagonicus"],["26154","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus saturninus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.39","Chalk-browed Mockingbird","Chalk-browed Mockingbird","Chalk-browed Mockingbird",null,null,"open areas including pasture and urban parks of lowlands to mountains from southern Suriname and Amapá to southeastern Pará in northern Brazil, disjunctly from eastern Pará eastward through northeastern Brazil and southwestward to western Bolivia, southward to coastal Chubut in southern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711035","chbmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbmoc1","avibase-F0CD0BD7",null,null,"Pará = Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/59/mode/1up","Turdus saturninus"],["26155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus saturninus saturninus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Suriname and northern Brazil (Amapá to southeastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C13FB800",null,null,"Pará = Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Pará, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/59/mode/1up","Turdus saturninus"],["26156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus saturninus arenaceus","Chapman, 1890","The Auk 7, no.2 p.135-136",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Paraíba, Alagoas, and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A81CB3FC",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","A list of birds observed at Santarem, Brazil. With Annotations by Frank M. Chapman.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss2/5/","Mimus arenaceus"],["26157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus saturninus frater","Hellmayr, 1903","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 53 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia to northeastern and southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F89C3CE",null,null,"Ypanema, S[ao]. Paulo.","Über neue und wenig bekannte südamerikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48810#page/228/mode/1up","Mimus saturninus frater"],["26158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus saturninus modulator","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77F8F754",null,null,"'in Fretu Magellanico,' error. Mouth of the Río Plata, Uruguay, substituted by Hellmayr, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, p. 159.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/18/mode/1up","Orpheus modulator"],["26159","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus triurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.275","White-banded Mockingbird","White-banded Mockingbird","White-banded Mockingbird",null,null,"central Argentina and Bolivia (Beni); winters to southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711044","whbmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbmoc1","avibase-CE56D85A",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/293/mode/1up","Turdus triurus"],["26160","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus dorsalis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.18","Brown-backed Mockingbird","Brown-backed Mockingbird","Brown-backed Mockingbird",null,null,"arid montane scrub of Bolivia and far northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711041","brbmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbmoc1","avibase-38961C3A",null,null,"in Andiis, rep. Boliviana = Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/134/mode/1up","Or[pheus] dorsalis"],["26161","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus longicaudatus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.280","Long-tailed Mockingbird","Long-tailed Mockingbird","Long-tailed Mockingbird",null,null,"arid to semiarid scrub from lowlands to mountains on Pacific slope of west-central Ecuador, including Isla La Plata (off western Ecuador), southward to Ica in southwestern Peru, and disjunctly in southeastern Ecuador and Marañón Valley of northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711047","lotmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotmoc1","avibase-BF9BFD26",null,null,"in Republica Peruana. Lima, Peru, suggested by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 325.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/288/mode/1up","M[imus] longicaudatus"],["26162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus longicaudatus platensis","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla La Plata (off western Ecuador)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F642C04",null,null,"La Plata Island, off Prov. Manavi, western Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Mimus longicaudatus platensis"],["26163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus longicaudatus albogriseus","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant 11ème année, 2ème semestre, no.28 col. 346",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Ecuador (Manabí to southern Loja) and far northern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4442DF23",null,null,"Gayaquil = Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (19e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/227/mode/1up","Mimus albogriseus"],["26164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus longicaudatus longicaudatus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"western Peru (La Libertad to Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00D10A43",null,null,"in Republica Peruana. Lima, Peru, suggested by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 325.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/288/mode/1up","M[imus] longicaudatus"],["26165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus longicaudatus maranonicus","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E26B04C",null,null,"Soquián, Prov. Huamachuco, Dept. Libertad, Peru, alt. 6,000 feet (Marañón Valley).","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Mimus longicaudatus maranonicus"],["26166","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus graysoni","(Lawrence, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.1","Socorro Mockingbird","Socorro Mockingbird","Socorro Mockingbird",null,null,"Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711084","socmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socmoc1","avibase-53B8B2E8",null,null,"Socorro Island, Mexico.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/21/mode/1up","Harporhynchus graysoni"],["26167","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus polyglottos","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169","Northern Mockingbird","Northern Mockingbird","Northern Mockingbird",null,null,"open shrubby habitats and woodland including urban areas from southernmost Canada (rare) southward across most USA (but rare in north-central USA) to southern Florida, southern Baja California and most Mexico (including western islands) southward to northern Oaxaca, and the Greater Antilles eastward to the Virgin Islands; introduced to Hawaii; range expanding northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711026","normoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/normoc","avibase-7EFF698D",null,null,"in Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","[Turdus] polyglottos"],["26168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus polyglottos polyglottos","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada through the USA to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6703CE0",null,null,"in Virginia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","[Turdus] polyglottos"],["26169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus polyglottos orpheus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas and Greater Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7836D3B",null,null,"in America = Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","[Turdus] orpheus"],["26170","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.15 pl.68","Tropical Mockingbird","Tropical Mockingbird","Tropical Mockingbird",null,null,"open areas in lowlands to mountains from southern Mexico from central Oaxaca on the Pacific slope and central Veracruz on the Caribbean slope, Yucatan Peninsula including Cozumel and satellite islands, southward through southwestern Nicaragua, and including islands north of Honduras; Isla San Andrés (east of Nicaragua); Antigua to Grenada (northern to southern Lesser Antilles), Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, and adjacent islands off the northern coast of Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, northern South America from central Ecuador through the Guianas, and coastal Brazil from Pará southward to Rio de Janeiro; evidently introduced Panama and has spread throughout Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711029","tromoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tromoc","avibase-1281617B",null,null,"La Guiane et les contrées les plus chaudes de l'Amérique septentrionale. French Guiana suggested by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 313.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/55/mode/1up","Turdus gilvus"],["26171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus gracilis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.83, footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (eastern Oaxaca) to Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and western Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4857A8A0",null,null,"Central- Amerika (Honduras?).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/99/mode/1up","M[imus] gracilis"],["26172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus leucophaeus","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.655 p.506",null,null,null,null,null,"humid tropical southeastern Mexico, including Cozumel and Isla Mujeres, and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F579D9A",null,null,"Cozumel [Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/520/mode/1up","Mimus gracilis leucophaeus"],["26173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus antillarum","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12, Heft 3 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Antigua to Grenada (Lesser Antilles; range expanding north)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B93B02E5",null,null,"Grenada.","Weitere neue Formen aus Westindien und Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/257/mode/1up","Mimus gilvus antillarum"],["26174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus tobagensis","de Dalmas, 1900","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France (13) p.134-135",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EABCDCE1",null,null,"Île de Tobago.","Note sur une collection d'oiseaux de l'île de Tobago (mer des Antilles).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38549#page/162/mode/1up","Mimus gilvus tobagensis"],["26175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus rostratus","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, and adjacent islands off the north coast of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4109FAF",null,null,"Island of Curaçao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/189/mode/1up","Mimus gilvus rostratus"],["26176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus melanopterus","Lawrence, 1849","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.35, pl. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia to Venezuela, Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-321C1ADE",null,null,"Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/61/mode/1up","Mimus melanopterus"],["26177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus gilvus","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.15 pl.68",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana and Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D41897AD",null,null,"La Guiane et les contrées les plus chaudes de l'Amérique septentrionale. French Guiana suggested by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 313.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/55/mode/1up","Turdus gilvus"],["26178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus tolimensis","Ridgway, 1904","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 47, vol.2, no.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nicaragua southward to western Ecuador and central Colombia; range has expanded both northward and southward from Colombia since the 1990s",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E483C19",null,null,"Plains of Tolima, Colombia.","Descriptions of seven new species and sub-species of birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35633#page/165/mode/1up","Mimus gilvus tolimensis"],["26179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus antelius","Oberholser, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pará to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7C5FB02",null,null,"Bahia [Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/156/mode/1up","Mimus antelius"],["26180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gilvus magnirostris","Cory, 1887","The Auk 4, no.3 p.178-179",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla San Andrés (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E73BB746",null,null,"St. Andrew's Island. [San Andrés Island, Colombia]","Descriptions of six supposed new species of birds from the Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/1/","Mimus magnirostris"],["26181","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gundlachii","Cabanis, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.18 p.470","Bahama Mockingbird","Bahama Mockingbird","Bahama Mockingbird",null,null,"scrub and edge in lowlands throughout Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, cays just off north-central Cuba, and coastal south-central Jamaica; repeated vagrancy to southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711032","bahmoc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahmoc","avibase-38C451EA",null,null,"Cuba.","Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel ; von Letzterem zusammengestellt. Mit Zusätzen und Anmerkungen. (Fortsetz. von Jahrg. II, Erinnerungsschrift S. LXXVII-LXXXVII.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/482/mode/1up","Mimus Gundlachii"],["26182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gundlachii gundlachii","Cabanis, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.18 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas including Great Inagua, cays off northern Cuba, and Caicos islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-998E779F",null,null,"Cuba.","Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel ; von Letzterem zusammengestellt. Mit Zusätzen und Anmerkungen. (Fortsetz. von Jahrg. II, Erinnerungsschrift S. LXXVII-LXXXVII.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/482/mode/1up","Mimus Gundlachii"],["26183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus gundlachii hillii","March, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal lowlands of southern Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A6052F0",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18294#page/297/mode/1up","Mimus Hillii"],["26184","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus melanotis","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.27","San Cristobal Mockingbird","San Cristobal Mockingbird","San Cristobal Mockingbird",null,null,"San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711078","chamoc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chamoc2","avibase-23512589",null,null,"the Galapagos.","[Characters of two new species of the genus Sterna, a species of Cormorant, and three species of the genus Orpheus from the Galapagos, in the collection of Mr. Darwin].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/199/mode/1up","Orpheus melanotis"],["26185","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus macdonaldi","(Ridgway, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.767 p.103","Espanola Mockingbird","Española Mockingbird","Espanola Mockingbird",null,null,"Española Island and adjacent southeastern Galapagos Islands",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711070","hoomoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoomoc1","avibase-87608314",null,null,"Hood Island, Galapagos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/127/mode/1up","Nesomimus macdonaldi"],["26186","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus trifasciatus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.27","Floreana Mockingbird","Floreana Mockingbird","Floreana Mockingbird",null,null,"Galapagos (Champion and Gardner)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711063","chamoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chamoc1","avibase-1B4F109C",null,null,"the Galapagos = Charles Island, cf. Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers California Acad. Sci., 18, p. 114, footnote.","[Characters of two new species of the genus Sterna, a species of Cormorant, and three species of the genus Orpheus from the Galapagos, in the collection of Mr. Darwin].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/199/mode/1up","Orpheus trifasciatus"],["26187","species","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus parvulus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.27","Galapagos Mockingbird","Galapagos Mockingbird","Galapagos Mockingbird",null,null,"arid scrub to hill woodland on main Galapagos Islands (except Floreana, San Cristóbal, and Española, far eastern islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711053","galmoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/galmoc1","avibase-1050FB29",null,null,"the Galapagos [type from Albemarle Island].","[Characters of two new species of the genus Sterna, a species of Cormorant, and three species of the genus Orpheus from the Galapagos, in the collection of Mr. Darwin].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/199/mode/1up","Orpheus parvulus"],["26188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus parvulus parvulus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.50 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Isabela, Fernandina, Daphne, Santa Cruz, and nearby islets (western and central Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8ABC50F",null,null,"the Galapagos [type from Albemarle Island].","[Characters of two new species of the genus Sterna, a species of Cormorant, and three species of the genus Orpheus from the Galapagos, in the collection of Mr. Darwin].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/199/mode/1up","Orpheus parvulus"],["26189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus parvulus barringtoni","(Rothschild, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Fé Island (southeastern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B39DBE9",null,null,"Barrington Island, Galapagos. carringtoni corrected to 'barringtoni,' ibid., 'Errata et Corrigenda,' p. [iv] before text.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/527/mode/1up","Nesomimus carringtoni"],["26190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus parvulus personatus","(Ridgway, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.767 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Pinta, Marchena, Santiago, and Rábida (central Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F73174C",null,null,"Abingdon Island, Galapagos.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/128/mode/1up","Nesomimus personatus"],["26191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus parvulus wenmani","(Swarth, 1931)","Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 18 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Wolf Island (northwestern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F17C49A6",null,null,"Wenman Island, Galapagos Archipelago.","The avifauna of the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35726#page/139/mode/1up","Nesomimus parvulus wenmani"],["26192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus parvulus hulli","(Rothschild, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Darwin Island (northwestern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBC9F5EC",null,null,"Culpepper Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/491/mode/1up","Nesomimus hulli"],["26193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mimidae","Mockingbirds and Thrashers","Mimus parvulus bauri","(Ridgway, 1894)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"Genovesa Island (northeastern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F30239B",null,null,"Tower Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/395/mode/1up","Nesomimus bauri"],["26194","family","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnidae",null,null,"Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Starlings","Starlings",null,null,null,null,null,null,"sturni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sturni1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["26195","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.276",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Meliphaga mysticalis [Temminck, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/312/mode/1up","Rhabdornis"],["26196","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis mystacalis","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.56, vol.4 pl.335 fig.2","Stripe-headed Rhabdornis","Stripe-headed Rhabdornis","Stripe-headed Rhabdornis",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group, Mindoro, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716849","stsrha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stsrha2","avibase-2D92A49B",null,null,"Manila, Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/274/mode/1up","Meliphaga mysticalis"],["26197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis mystacalis mystacalis","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.56, vol.4 pl.335 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Masbate, Negros, Catanduanes, and Panay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C79DCC43",null,null,"Manila, Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/274/mode/1up","Meliphaga mysticalis"],["26198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis mystacalis minor","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Basilan, Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Dinagat, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-961A6634",null,null,"Samar.","On new species of birds from Samar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/377/mode/1up","Rhabdornis minor"],["26199","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis grandis","Salomonsen, 1953","Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 47 p.139","Grand Rhabdornis","Long-billed Rhabdornis","Grand Rhabdornis",null,null,"mountains of northern Philippines (Sierra Madre of northern Luzon)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22716853","lobrha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobrha1","avibase-7B63B7D9",null,null,"Kainay, Abra Province, Luzon [Philippines]","A new name for Rhabdornis longirostris Salomonsen (Summary).","https://pub.dof.dk/artikler/1490/download/doft-47-1953-138-139-5-et-nyt-navn-for-rhabdornis-longirostris-salomonsen","Rhabdornis grandis"],["26200","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis rabori","Rand, 1950","Natural History Miscellanea 59 p.2","Visayan Rhabdornis","Visayan Rhabdornis","Visayan Rhabdornis","2025-0143","Taxon <em>rabori </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Rhabdornis inornatus</em> (polytypic) based on morphology (Collar 2011); genetic data would be informative.","Philippines (Negros)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878304","visrha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/visrha1","avibase-BFBAA892",null,null,"Lake Balinsasayo, Negros.","A new race of the Philippine Creeper, Rhabdornis inornatus (Class Aves).",null,"Rhabdornis inornatus rabori"],["26201","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis inornatus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.18","Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis","Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis","Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878077","stbrha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbrha1","avibase-1FE5D5C8",null,null,"Samar.","On new species of birds from Samar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/378/mode/1up","Rhabdornis inornatus"],["26202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis inornatus inornatus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (montane forest of Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F5752C5",null,null,"Samar.","On new species of birds from Samar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/378/mode/1up","Rhabdornis inornatus"],["26203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis inornatus leytensis","Parkes, 1973","Nemouria 11 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Leyte and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1345BBA",null,null,"Tambis, Burauen, Mount Lobi Range, Leyte, Philippines","Annotated list of the birds of Leyte Island, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/55/mode/1up","Rhabdornis inornatus leytensis"],["26204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Rhabdornis inornatus alaris","Rand, 1948","Fieldiana Zoology 31 (25) p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA12D8D9",null,null,"east slope Mt. McKinley, 3,000 ft., Mindanao.","Five new birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21567#page/10/mode/1up","Rhabdornis inornatus alaris"],["26205","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Enodes","Temminck, 1839","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon 1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lamprotornis erythrophris [Temminck, 1824]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109466#page/124/mode/1up","Enodes"],["26206","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Enodes erythrophris","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.45, vol.2 pl.267","Fiery-browed Starling","Fiery-browed Myna","Fiery-browed Starling",null,null,"mountains of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710997","fibmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibmyn1","avibase-157B2BF5",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/337/mode/1up","Lamprotornis erythrophris"],["26207","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Scissirostrum","de Lafresnaye, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Scissirostrum pagei [Lafresnaye, 1845]; type by monotypy = Lanius dubius Latham, 1801",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/101/mode/1up","Scissirostrum"],["26208","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Scissirostrum dubium","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xviii","Grosbeak Starling","Finch-billed Myna","Grosbeak Starling",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Bangka, Lembeh, Togian, and Banggai islands (off eastern Sulawesi) and Buton (to southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22711001","fibmyn2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibmyn2","avibase-EDAF97E7",null,null,"Locality unknown [= Celebes].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/24/mode/1up","Lanius dubius"],["26209","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Basilornis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pastor corythaix [Wagler, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/652/mode/1up","Basilornis"],["26210","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Basilornis corythaix","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.87, sp.4","Long-crested Myna","Long-crested Myna","Long-crested Myna",null,null,"forest of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710965","locmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/locmyn1","avibase-49A7572C",null,null,"Java, error = Seram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/129/mode/1up","Pastor Corythaix"],["26211","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Basilornis celebensis","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.184","Sulawesi Myna","Sulawesi Myna","Sulawesi Myna",null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Lembeh (off northeast) and Muna and Buton islands (off southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710958","sulmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulmyn1","avibase-B3AE961E",null,null,"Celebes (Menado, Makassar).","Note on the Genus Basilornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/258/mode/1up","Basilornis celebensis"],["26212","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Basilornis galeatus","Meyer, 1894","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.2 p.1","Helmeted Myna","Helmeted Myna","Helmeted Myna",null,null,"Peleng and Banggai, in Banggai Islands, and Taliabu and Mangole, in Sula Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710961","helmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helmyn1","avibase-6DE7C210",null,null,"New Guinea, error = Banggai or Sula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/15/mode/1up","Basilornis galeatus"],["26213","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Goodfellowia","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 no.100 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Goodfellowia miranda [Hartert, E, 1903]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/491/mode/1up","Goodfellowia"],["26214","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Goodfellowia miranda","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.11","Apo Myna","Apo Myna","Apo Myna","2025-0144","Taxon <em>miranda </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Goodfellowia</em>. Sometimes included in <em>Basilornis</em>, but mitochondrial DNA (Lovette &amp; Rubenstein 2007) did not recover the genus as monophyletic, instead placing <em>miranda </em>as sister to <em>Sarcops </em>and <em>Streptocitta</em>.","montane forest of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710968","apomyn2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apomyn2","avibase-68A78883",null,null,"Mindanao.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/491/mode/1up","Goodfellowia miranda"],["26215","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sarcops","Walden, 1877","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.2 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gracula calva [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/257/mode/1up","Sarcops"],["26216","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sarcops calvus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.164","Coleto","Coleto","Coleto",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710985","coleto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coleto1","avibase-25C10A1A",null,null,"Philippine Islands [= Luzon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/168/mode/1up","Gracula calva"],["26217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sarcops calvus calvus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon group and Mindoro (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97A86C85",null,null,"Philippine Islands [= Luzon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/168/mode/1up","Gracula calva"],["26218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sarcops calvus melanonotus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Mindanao, Cebu, Panay, Negros, Bohol, Samar, and Ticao (central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EF303F9",null,null,"Davao, Mindanao.","On two new species from South-east Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/126/mode/1up","Sarcops melanotus"],["26219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sarcops calvus lowii","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15F21991",null,null,"Sibutu, Sulu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/466/mode/1up","Sarcops Lowii"],["26220","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Streptocitta","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.382",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Corvus caledonicus [Latham, 1801]; type by monotypy = Pica albicollis Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/594/mode/1up","Streptocitta"],["26221","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Streptocitta albertinae","(Schlegel, 1865)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 3 p.1 pl.8","Bare-eyed Myna","Bare-eyed Myna","Bare-eyed Myna",null,null,"Sula Islands (Taliabu and Mangole)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710981","baemyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baemyn1","avibase-15FFA539",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193224#page/13/mode/1up","Charitornis albertinae"],["26222","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Streptocitta albicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.128","White-necked Myna","White-necked Myna",null,null,null,"Sulawesi and satellites",null,null,null,"whnmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnmyn1","avibase-50A744AD",null,null,"New Caledonia, error for Buton or Muna Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/144/mode/1up","Pica albicollis"],["26223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Streptocitta albicollis torquata","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.75, vol.2 pl.444",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi, including Lembeh and Togian islands (off northeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78348EF2",null,null,"New Caledonia, Celebes, Borneo [= northern Celebes].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/221/mode/1up","Garrula torquata"],["26224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Streptocitta albicollis albicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi, including Muna and Buton islands (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BF75EE6",null,null,"New Caledonia, error for Buton or Muna Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/144/mode/1up","Pica albicollis"],["26225","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino","Lesson, 1827","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 10 sect2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.158",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Mainatus dumontii [Lesson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/166/mode/1up","Mino"],["26226","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino anais","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.44","Golden Myna","Golden Myna","Golden Myna",null,null,"New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710952","golmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golmyn1","avibase-585791D1",null,null,"Papuasia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/52/mode/1up","Sericulus Anaïs"],["26227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino anais anais","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northwestern New Guinea, including Salawati (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFD5B358",null,null,"Papuasia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/52/mode/1up","Sericulus Anaïs"],["26228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino anais orientalis","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea (eastward to Huon Peninsula), including Yapen (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-728449D3",null,null,"New Guinea [= Bondey, west coast Geelvink Bay, opposite Ron Island, fide Mayr (1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 163)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/64/mode/1up","Gracula anais orientalis"],["26229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino anais robertsonii","d'Albertis, 1877","Sydney Mail p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (eastward to Milne Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA35BE95",null,null,"Fly River.",null,"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/162681968?searchTerm=robertsonii&searchLimits=exactPhrase","Mino Robertsoni"],["26230","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino dumontii","(Lesson, 1827)","Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie 10 sect2(Sci.Nat.Geol.) p.159","Yellow-faced Myna","Yellow-faced Myna","Yellow-faced Myna",null,null,"New Guinea, including Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea) and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878613","yefmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefmyn1","avibase-645D0A23",null,null,"Dorey, New Guinea.","122. Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux recueillies par MM. Lesson et Garnot, dans l'expédition de découverte commandée par le capitaine Duperrey. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26816#page/167/mode/1up","Mainatus Dumontii"],["26231","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino kreffti","(Sclater, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.120 pl.9","Long-tailed Myna","Long-tailed Myna","Long-tailed Myna",null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago, and northern and central Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878667","lotmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotmyn1","avibase-2F1EB496",null,null,"Solomon Islands. Restricted to New Ireland by Mayr (Ibis, 1933, p. 551), but the original locality can stand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/164/mode/1up","Gracula kreffti"],["26232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino kreffti giliau","Stresemann, 1922","Journal für Ornithologie 70, no.2-3 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and Umboi (Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A891FE35",null,null,"Ralum, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.","Neue Formen aus dem papuanischen Gebiet","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215787#page/422/mode/1up","Mino dumontii giliau"],["26233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino kreffti kreffti","(Sclater, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.120 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover and New Ireland (Bismarck Archipelago), and northern and central Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6561BE9A",null,null,"Solomon Islands. Restricted to New Ireland by Mayr (Ibis, 1933, p. 551), but the original locality can stand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/164/mode/1up","Gracula kreffti"],["26234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Mino kreffti sanfordi","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal and Malaita (eastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDC17F65",null,null,"Guadalcanar [= Guadalcanal], Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Mino dumontii sanfordi"],["26235","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Ampeliceps","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ampeliceps coronatus [Blyth, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/228/mode/1up","Ampeliceps"],["26236","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Ampeliceps coronatus","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.194","Golden-crested Myna","Golden-crested Myna","Golden-crested Myna",null,null,"northeastern India to Myanmar, Thailand (including the northern Thai-Malay Peninsula), and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710949","gocmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocmyn1","avibase-79264228",null,null,"Tenasserim.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/228/mode/1up","A[mpeliceps] coronatus"],["26237","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gracula religiosa [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 39).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","Gracula"],["26238","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula ptilogenys","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.285","Sri Lanka Hill Myna","Sri Lanka Myna","Sri Lanka Hill Myna",null,null,"humid forest of Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710988","ceymyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceymyn1","avibase-6BEF1E77",null,null,"Ceylon.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/413/mode/1up","Gracula ptilogenys"],["26239","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula indica","(Cuvier, 1829)","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée 1 p.377","Southern Hill Myna","Southern Hill Myna","Southern Hill Myna",null,null,"southwestern India (Western Ghats) and southern Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878766","sohmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sohmyn1","avibase-1A713EA2",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104184#page/429/mode/1up","Eulabes indicus"],["26240","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula venerata","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.422","Tenggara Hill Myna","Tenggara Hill Myna","Tenggara Hill Myna","2025-0146","Taxon <em>venerata </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Gracula religiosa</em> (polytypic) based on differences in vocalizations and structure of the wattle (Eaton et al. 2021).","western Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, and Alor)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878806","cohmyn2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cohmyn2","avibase-0DC9A072",null,null,"Sumbawa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/654/mode/1up","Gracula venerata"],["26241","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108","Common Hill Myna","Common Hill Myna",null,"2025-0145, 2025-0146, 2025-0149","2025-0145)) Taxon <em>enganensis</em> (monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Gracula religiosa</em> (polytypic) based on vocalizations and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>enganensis</em> and mainland <em>religiosa </em>is low (Jarulis et al. 2021) in agreement with their near-identical voice. 146)) Taxon <em>venerata </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Gracula religiosa</em> (polytypic) based on differences in vocalizations and structure of the wattle (Eaton et al. 2021). 2025-0149)) Taxon <em>robusta </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Gracula religiosa</em> based on Ng et al. (2021). Genomic data show that <em>robusta </em>is embedded in a clade that also includes subspecies <em>batuensis </em>and <em>miotera </em>and should not be split.","central Himalayas eastward through southern China, hills of eastern Peninsular India, through southeastern Asia to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, and many associated islands (at least formerly)",null,null,null,"hilmyn","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hilmyn","avibase-B2741AD0",null,null,"Asia [= Java].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","Gracula religiosa"],["26242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa peninsularis","Whistler & Kinnear, 1933","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEDBF999",null,null,"Sambalpur, Orissa, India.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part V.","https://ia801309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalof363431361936bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalof363431361936bomb&server=ia801309.us.archive.org&page=n167_w444","Gracula religiosa peninsularis"],["26243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa intermedia","Hay, 1845","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.157,text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India to Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E588FE6A",null,null,"Northern India and Arakan [= Cachar, fide Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 698)].","Descriptions of some supposed New, or Imperfectly Described, Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/459/mode/1up","Gracula intermedius"],["26244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa andamanensis","(Beavan, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF82DDE2",null,null,"Andamans.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/359/mode/1up","Eulabes andamanensis"],["26245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa religiosa","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka Island, Java, Bali, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B091A9E",null,null,"Asia [= Java].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","Gracula religiosa"],["26246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa batuensis","Finsch, 1899","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXI, Note I p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu and Mentawai islands (off northwestern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27EA552A",null,null,"Pulu Tello, Batu Islands.","Das Genus Gracula Linn. und seine Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37350#page/32/mode/1up","Gracula batuensis"],["26247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa palawanensis","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27F8BC2C",null,null,"Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/124/mode/1up","Mainatus palawanensis"],["26248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa miotera","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off the western coast of Sumatra); on the brink of becoming extinct in the wild",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F506A64",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/134/mode/1up","Gracula javanensis miotera"],["26249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa robusta","Salvadori, 1887","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.554",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias, Pulan, Babi, Tuangku, and Bangkaru islands (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5D74EED",null,null,"G. Sitoli, Lelemboli, Ombalata, Nias Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/576/mode/1up","Gracula robusta"],["26250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracula religiosa enganensis","Salvadori, 1892","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano Island (off southern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69497008",null,null,"Kija-juc and Bua-Bua, Enggano Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/145/mode/1up","Gracula enganensis"],["26251","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.43 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aplonis fusca [Gould, 1836]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 40).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/85/mode/1up","Aplonis"],["26252","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis minor","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.417","Short-tailed Starling","Short-tailed Starling","Short-tailed Starling",null,null,"Sulawesi, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, and southern Philippines (Mindanao)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710547","shtsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtsta1","avibase-E0A3FD2C",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/647/mode/1up","L[amprotornis] minor"],["26253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis minor minor","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Sulawesi and satellite islands, and montane Java through the Lesser Sundas eastward to Moa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90107E0F",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/647/mode/1up","L[amprotornis] minor"],["26254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis minor todayensis","(Mearns, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D327B44C",null,null,"Todaya, 4,000 feet, Mt. Apo.","Descriptions of eight new Philippine birds, with notes on other species new to the islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/106/mode/1up","Lamprocorax todayensis"],["26255","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96","Asian Glossy Starling","Asian Glossy Starling","Asian Glossy Starling",null,null,"Assam to Bangladesh and Myanmar (Arakan Mountains) southward through Thai-Malay Peninsula, Andaman and Nicobar islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, and northern Sulawesi, including many satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710550","asgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asgsta1","avibase-2A15DF76",null,null,"[Philippines].",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Muscicapa panayensis"],["26256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis affinis","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Assam to Bangladesh and Myanmar (Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C406AF2",null,null,"Tipperah, etc. = [Tipperah, Bengal].","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/158/mode/1up","Calornis affinis"],["26257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis tytleri","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1, no.6, 1 p.480-482",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands and Car Nicobar Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-771A691A",null,null,"Andamans.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/508/mode/1up","Calornis Tytleri"],["26258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis albiris","Abdulali, 1967","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 87 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Great and central Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE8AC834",null,null,"Campbell Bay, Great Nicobar (co-types were also collected from Central Nicobars and Great Nicobar by the author). Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 5: 272 affixes type locality as Great Nicobar (ref. Praveen 2025).","A new race of Aplonis panayensis (Scopoli) based on eye colour.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/58/mode/1up","Aplonis panayensis albiris"],["26259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis strigata","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and western Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1B93738",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/167/mode/1up","Turdus strigatus"],["26260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis altirostris","(Salvadori, 1887)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"Simuelue, Banyak, and Nias islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CB35C22",null,null,"G. Sitoli, Lelemboli, Ombalata, Nias Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/575/mode/1up","Calornis altirostris"],["26261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis nesodramus","(Oberholser, 1926)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 16, no.19 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"Babi (west of central Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF315D35",null,null,"Pulo Babi.","Description of nineteen new East Indian passerine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123331#page/605/mode/1up","Lamprocorax panayensis nesodramus"],["26262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis pachistorhina","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE446FB1",null,null,"South Pagi, W. Sumatra","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/135/mode/1up","Lamprocorax chalybeus pachistorhinus"],["26263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis enganensis","(Salvadori, 1892)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano Island (off southern Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C1E2E7",null,null,"Kija-juc and Bua-Bua, Enggano Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/145/mode/1up","Calornis enganensis"],["26264","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis heterochlora","(Oberholser, 1917)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas and Natuna islands (off Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A4EB3AC",null,null,"Mobur, Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/73/mode/1up","Lamprocorax panayensis heterochlorus"],["26265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis eustathis","(Oberholser, 1926)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 16, no.19 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFDD8CC9",null,null,"Kota Bangon, eastern Borneo.","Description of nineteen new East Indian passerine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123331#page/605/mode/1up","Lamprocorax panayensis eustathis"],["26266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis alipodis","(Oberholser, 1926)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 16, no.19 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"Panjang, Maratua, and Derawan islands (off eastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66090CB8",null,null,"Pulo Pandigang, eastern Borneo.","Description of nineteen new East Indian passerine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123331#page/605/mode/1up","Lamprocorax panayensis alipodis"],["26267","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis gusti","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85C89790",null,null,"Danau Bratan, Bali.","Die Vögel von Bali. Aus den zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/395/mode/1up","Aplonis panayensis gusti"],["26268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis sanghirensis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud, Sangihe, Siau, Tahjlandang, Ruang, and Biaro islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CF6C67A",null,null,"Petta, Sanghir Island",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/66/mode/1up","Calornis sanghirensis"],["26269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis panayensis panayensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D83519E6",null,null,"[Philippines].",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Muscicapa panayensis"],["26270","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis mysolensis","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.431","Moluccan Starling","Moluccan Starling","Moluccan Starling",null,null,"eastern Sulawesi, including Banggai and Sula Islands; Moluccas and west Papuan islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710544","molsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molsta1","avibase-E989867D",null,null,"Misol.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/543/mode/1up","Calornis mysolensis"],["26271","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis magna","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.18","Long-tailed Starling","Long-tailed Starling","Long-tailed Starling",null,null,"Cenderawasih Bay islands (northwestern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710559","lotsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotsta1","avibase-714CC7E7",null,null,"Soek, Misori.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/30/mode/1up","Lamprotornis magnus"],["26272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis magna magna","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3ABD9A9",null,null,"Soek, Misori.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/30/mode/1up","Lamprotornis magnus"],["26273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis magna brevicauda","(van Oort, 1908)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXX, Note X p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0129082",null,null,"Mefoor.","On Macruropsar magnus brevicauda nov. subspec. from the Island of Mefoor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133911#page/86/mode/1up","Macruropsar magnus brevicauda"],["26274","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis crassa","(Sclater, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.56","Tanimbar Starling","Tanimbar Starling","Tanimbar Starling",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat and Yamdena)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710522","tansta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tansta1","avibase-C193474D",null,null,"Larat.","On Birds collected in the Timor-Laut or Tenimber Group of Islands by Mr. Henry O. Forbes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/110/mode/1up","Calornis crassa"],["26275","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis cantoroides","(Gray, 1862)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.431","Singing Starling","Singing Starling","Singing Starling",null,null,"New Guinea including Aru Islands, northwestern Torres Strait islands (northeastern Australia), Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710525","sinsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinsta1","avibase-EBFD2E7C",null,null,"Mysol.","Remarks on, and Descriptions of, New Species of Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Waigiou, Mysol, and Gagie Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/543/mode/1up","Calornis cantoroides"],["26276","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis feadensis","(Ramsay, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.129","Atoll Starling","Atoll Starling","Atoll Starling",null,null,"islets of Bismarck Archipelago and northern Solomon Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710531","atosta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atosta1","avibase-1DAF4FBC",null,null,"Fead.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/143/mode/1up","Calornis (Aplonis) feadensis"],["26277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis feadensis heureka","Meise, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"Ninigo and Hermit islands (far western Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-133AA38E",null,null,"Mai, Ninigo Islands.","Über den Formenkreis Aplonis cantoroides.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0111-0113.pdf","Aplonis cantoroides heureka"],["26278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis feadensis feadensis","(Ramsay, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"islets east of New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago), off Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago), and Ontong Java Atoll (far northeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D5E5333",null,null,"Fead.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/143/mode/1up","Calornis (Aplonis) feadensis"],["26279","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.11 pl.15 fig.2","Micronesian Starling","Micronesian Starling","Micronesian Starling",null,null,"Mariana and Caroline island (western and central Micronesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710519","micsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/micsta1","avibase-49AC7F69",null,null,"Kusaie.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/19/mode/1up","Lamproth[ornis] opaca"],["26280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca aenea","Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1931","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 43 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"Mariana Islands (Alamagan, Pagan, Agrihan, and Asuncion)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4772C4B0",null,null,"Pagan, Marianas.","On new Birds from the Pelew and Marianne Islands.",null,"Aplonis opaca aenea"],["26281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca guami","Momiyama, 1922","Birds of Micronesia p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Mariana Islands (Guam, Rota, Tinian, and Saipan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E09D247A",null,null,"Guam, Marianas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/27/mode/1up","Aplonis opacus guami"],["26282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca orii","Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1931","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 43 p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3588A7B7",null,null,"Coror, Palau.","On Aplornis from the Pelew Islands.",null,"Aplonis opaca orii"],["26283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca kurodai","Momiyama, 1920","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 2, no.9 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Yap (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADCCD73D",null,null,"Yap, Carolines. [Federated State of Micronesia]","Description of a new subspecies of Aplonis from western Micronesia.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.2.9_en1","Aplonis kittlitzi kurodai"],["26284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca ponapensis","Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1931","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 7, no.32 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Pohnpei (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C84170E1",null,null,"Natto, Ponape [Pohnpei, Federated State of Micronesia]","On two new forms of the Micronesian Birds.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo.7.32_109","Aplonis opaca ponapensis"],["26285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca opaca","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.11 pl.15 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Kosrae (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A46920FA",null,null,"Kusaie.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/19/mode/1up","Lamproth[ornis] opaca"],["26286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis opaca anga","Momiyama, 1922","Birds of Micronesia p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Chuuk, Yap (including Ulithi, Fais, Woleai, and Ifalik), and adjacent Caroline Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB8EDA71",null,null,"Ruk, Carolines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/24/mode/1up","Aplonis opacus anga"],["26287","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis mystacea","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.28","Yellow-eyed Starling","Yellow-eyed Starling","Yellow-eyed Starling",null,null,"lowland rainforest of southern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710562","yeesta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeesta1","avibase-EAC36FC4",null,null,"Parimau, Mimika River.","Descriptions of species of birds from Dutch New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/56/mode/1up","Calornis mystacea"],["26288","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis brunneicapillus","(Danis, 1938)","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ser.2, vol.10, no.1 p.46","White-eyed Starling","White-eyed Starling","White-eyed Starling",null,null,"Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Choiseul, and Rendova (northern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710565","whesta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whesta2","avibase-14EA1B2B",null,null,"Buin, Bougainville.","Étude d'une nouvelle collection d'Oiseaux de l'île Bougainville.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216893#page/48/mode/1up","Rhinopsar brunneicapillus"],["26289","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis metallica","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.45, vol.2 pl.266","Metallic Starling","Metallic Starling",null,"2025-0147","Taxon <em>circumscripta </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Aplonis metallica</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Plumage and morphological differences seem more consistent with subspecies status; genetic data would be informative.","Moluccas, Tanimbar Islands, Damar Island, New Guinea including satellite islands, and northeastern Australia",null,null,null,"metsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/metsta1","avibase-5A358E52",null,null,"Timor and Celebes [error = Ambon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/329/mode/1up","Lamprotornis metallicus"],["26290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis metallica metallica","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.45, vol.2 pl.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Moluccas, Sula Islands, New Guinea including Aru Islands, and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula southward to Sarina, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA633B71",null,null,"Timor and Celebes [error = Ambon].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/329/mode/1up","Lamprotornis metallicus"],["26291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis metallica nitida","(Gray, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.358 p.181,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (Rambutyo, Tong, and outer Islands), Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-292D9AFC",null,null,"New Ireland.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/247/mode/1up","C[alornis] nitida"],["26292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis metallica purpureiceps","(Salvadori, 1878)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 13, 1878 p.535",null,null,null,null,null,"Admiralty Islands (Manus and Los Negros Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1EDC82B",null,null,"Admiralty Islands.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=KHBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA535","Calornis purpureiceps"],["26293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis metallica inornata","(Salvadori, 1881)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor and Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16585145",null,null,"Mysori [= Biak Island, Biak Island].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/200/mode/1up","Calornis inornata"],["26294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis metallica circumscripta","(Meyer, 1884)","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat and Kirimoen) and Damar Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D84AFD87",null,null,"Timor-laut.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/399/mode/1up","Calornis circumscripta"],["26295","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis pelzelni","Finsch, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.644","Pohnpei Starling","Pohnpei Starling","Pohnpei Starling",null,null,"rediscovered 1995 in mountains of Pohnpei after 50-year absence but no recent records","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710490","pohsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pohsta1","avibase-17B8763A",null,null,"Ponape.","Characters of six new Polynesian Birds in the Museum Godeffroy at Hamburg.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/808/mode/1up","Aplonis pelzelni"],["26296","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis dichroa","(Tristram, 1895)","Ibis ser.7, vol.1, no.3 p.376","Makira Starling","Makira Starling","Makira Starling",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710540","sacsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacsta1","avibase-468C94DE",null,null,"Solomon Islands",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35387#page/432/mode/1up","Calornis dichroa"],["26297","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis grandis","(Salvadori, 1881)","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 2 p.460","Brown-winged Starling","Brown-winged Starling","Brown-winged Starling",null,null,"Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710537","brwsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brwsta1","avibase-87C70101",null,null,"Ysabel Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219670#page/480/mode/1up","Lamprocorax grandis"],["26298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis grandis grandis","(Salvadori, 1881)","Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche 2 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka, Bougainville, and Shortland Islands, and Choiseul, Santa Isabel, New Georgia Group, and Florida islands, in northern and central Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A3B8ACF",null,null,"Ysabel Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219670#page/480/mode/1up","Lamprocorax grandis"],["26299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis grandis malaitae","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76A52619",null,null,"Malaita.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Aplonis grandis malaitae"],["26300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis grandis macrura","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.504 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76BCD4D4",null,null,"Guadalcanar [= Guadalcanal].","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 17. The Birds of Malaita Island (British Solomon Islands).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4238/","Aplonis grandis macrura"],["26301","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis insularis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.19","Rennell Starling","Rennell Starling","Rennell Starling",null,null,"Rennell and Bellona (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710534","rensta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rensta1","avibase-D88E91F8",null,null,"Rennell.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 13, A systematic list of the birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Aplonis insularis"],["26302","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis striata","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.381","Striated Starling","Striated Starling","Striated Starling",null,null,"New Caledonia including Loyalty Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710508","strsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strsta1","avibase-F5AFC816",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/393/mode/1up","Coracias striata"],["26303","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis striata striata","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of Grande Terre and Île des Pins (New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-956DC184",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/393/mode/1up","Coracias striata"],["26304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis striata atronitens","Gray, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Ouvea, Lifou, and Maré (Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-020B970A",null,null,"Loyalty Islands.","List of New Caledonian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/226/mode/1up","Aplonis atronitens"],["26305","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis fusca","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.43 p.73","Tasman Starling","Tasman Starling","Tasman Starling",null,null,"formerly Lord Howe and Norfolk islands; extinct, last reported 1923","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710511","norsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norsta1","avibase-21D04F26",null,null,"Murrumbidgee River, Australia [error for Norfolk Island].","Characters of two new species of Birds constituting a new genus, Aplonis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/85/mode/1up","Aplonis fusca"],["26306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis fusca fusca","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.43 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Norfolk Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1950s","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEAA5FF0",null,null,"Murrumbidgee River, Australia [error for Norfolk Island].","Characters of two new species of Birds constituting a new genus, Aplonis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/85/mode/1up","Aplonis fusca"],["26307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis fusca hulliana","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1920s","Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF869091",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/475/mode/1up","Aplonis fuscus hullianus"],["26308","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis santovestris","Harrisson & Marshall, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.148","Mountain Starling","Mountain Starling","Mountain Starling",null,null,"Espiritu Santo (northern Vanuatu)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710485","mousta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mousta1","avibase-0A6E49EB",null,null,"Mt. Watiamasan, Espiritu Santo.","Description of a new species of Aplonis from the New Hebrides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/190/mode/1up","Aplonis santovestris"],["26309","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis zelandica","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.190","Rusty-winged Starling","Rusty-winged Starling","Rusty-winged Starling",null,null,"Santa Cruz Islands (Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands) and northern and central Vanuatu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710482","ruwsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwsta1","avibase-041F72CD",null,null,"Tasman Bay, New Zealand, error = Vanikoro Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/248/mode/1up","Lamprotornis zelandicus"],["26310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis zelandica maxwellii","Forbes, 1900","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2, no.3-4 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"Nendö (northern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEDCB315",null,null,"Santa Cruz Island., Western Pacific",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/314/mode/1up","Aplonis maxwellii"],["26311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis zelandica zelandica","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanikoro (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC2580FE",null,null,"Tasman Bay, New Zealand, error = Vanikoro Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/248/mode/1up","Lamprotornis zelandicus"],["26312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis zelandica rufipennis","Layard, 1881","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.542-543",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northern Vanuatu including Banks Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E7C8EB",null,null,"Vate [= Efate Island], New Hebrides; (possibly in error for some other island in the New Hebrides, as the species has not been otherwise recorded from Efate).","Description of a supposed new Aplonis from Vaté (Sandwich) Island, New Hebrides. With Remarks by Canon Tristram, F.R.S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/600/mode/1up","Aplonis rufipennis"],["26313","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis mavornata","Buller, 1887","A history of the birds of New Zealand. 2nd ed. 1 p.25","Mauke Starling","Mysterious Starling","Mysterious Starling",null,null,"formerly Cook Islands; extinct, last reported 1825","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710499","myssta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/myssta1","avibase-98C34B37",null,null,"No locality = ? Raiatea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/222678#page/119/mode/1up","Aplonis mavornata"],["26314","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis corvina","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.12 pl.15 fig.3","Kosrae Starling","Kosrae Starling","Kosrae Starling",null,null,"formerly Kosrae Island (Micronesia); extinct, last reported 1880","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710496","kossta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kossta1","avibase-0A341459",null,null,"Ualan = Kusaie.",null,null,"Lamprothornis corvina"],["26315","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis atrifusca","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.109","Samoan Starling","Samoan Starling","Samoan Starling",null,null,"Samoa and American Samoa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710493","samsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samsta1","avibase-28D7FBB7",null,null,"Samoan Islands [= Upolu].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/129/mode/1up","Lamprotornis atrifusca"],["26316","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis cinerascens","Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.29","Rarotonga Starling","Rarotonga Starling","Rarotonga Starling",null,null,"Rarotonga (southwestern Cook Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710502","rarsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rarsta1","avibase-51BBE050",null,null,"Rarotonga.","On a Collection of Birds from Savai and Rarotonga Islands in the Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/59/mode/1up","Aplonis cinerascens"],["26317","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.306","Polynesian Starling","Polynesian Starling","Polynesian Starling",null,null,"southeastern Melanesia in Temotu (=Santa Cruz, southeastern Solomon Islands) through southern Polynesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710505","polsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/polsta1","avibase-90B5B8B0",null,null,"Friendly Islands [= Tahiti].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/318/mode/1up","Lanius tabuensis"],["26318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis pachyrhampha","Mayr, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1166 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Reef, Swallow, and Tinakula islands (Santa Cruz Group)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E5AF7A9",null,null,"Lomlom.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 48. Notes on the Polynesian species of Aplonis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4727/","Aplonis tabuensis pachyrhamphus"],["26319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis tucopiae","Mayr, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1166 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Tikopia (southeastern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E80266A",null,null,"Tucopia.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 48. Notes on the Polynesian species of Aplonis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4727/","Aplonis tabuensis tucopiae"],["26320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis rotumae","Mayr, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1166 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Rotuma (far northern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2282F2B0",null,null,"Rotuma.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 48. Notes on the Polynesian species of Aplonis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4727/","Aplonis tabuensis rotumae"],["26321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis vitiensis","Layard, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.499,502",null,null,null,null,null,"Fiji (except Rotuma)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A3EFA61",null,null,"Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/615/mode/1up","Aplonis vitiensis"],["26322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis manuae","Mayr, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1166 p.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"Manua Islands (American Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFE40958",null,null,"Tau.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 48. Notes on the Polynesian species of Aplonis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4727/","Aplonis tabuensis manuae"],["26323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis tabuensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tonga and Lau Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16509A8A",null,null,"Friendly Islands [= Tahiti].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/318/mode/1up","Lanius tabuensis"],["26324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis fortunae","Layard, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.22 p.147,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Futuna, Alofa, Uea, and Horne islands (central Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-248CF765",null,null,"Fortuna [= Futuna].","Notes on some little-known Birds of the new Colony of the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/169/mode/1up","Aplonis fortunae"],["26325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis tenebrosa","Mayr, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1166 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Keppel and Boscawen islands (central Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-262AFF37",null,null,"Boscawen.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 48. Notes on the Polynesian species of Aplonis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4727/","Aplonis tabuensis tenebrosus"],["26326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis nesiotes","Mayr, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1166 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Niuafou Island (central Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CF50424",null,null,"Niuafou.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 48. Notes on the Polynesian species of Aplonis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4727/","Aplonis tabuensis nesiotes"],["26327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis brunnescens","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.132, pl. VI",null,null,null,null,null,"Niue Island (Cook Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D02F7AB1",null,null,"Savage Island [= Nine Island].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/152/mode/1up","Aplonis brunnescens"],["26328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis tutuilae","Mayr, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1166 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Tutuila (American Samoa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CD4328C",null,null,"Tutuila.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 48. Notes on the Polynesian species of Aplonis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4727/","Aplonis tabuensis tutuilae"],["26329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Aplonis tabuensis brevirostris","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.111, pl. 30, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Samoa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A04A4CD",null,null,"Samoan Islands [= Upolu].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/131/mode/1up","Lamprotornis brevirostris"],["26330","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sturnus vulgaris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/186/mode/1up","Sturnus"],["26331","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus unicolor","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.133","Spotless Starling","Spotless Starling","Spotless Starling",null,null,"Iberian Peninsula to Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and northwestern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710893","sposta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sposta1","avibase-B0D81671",null,null,"Sardinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/261/mode/1up","Sturnus unicolor"],["26332","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.167","Common Starling","European Starling","Common Starling",null,null,"breeds Britain and Scandinavia to central Europe, southern Siberia, northern Mongolia, Pakistan, and western Himalayas; northern populations winter to south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710886","eursta","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eursta","avibase-94A44032",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/186/mode/1up","Sturnus vulgaris"],["26333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris caucasicus","Lorenz, 1887","Beitrag zur Kenntniss der ornithologischen Fauna an der Nordseite des Kaukasus p.9, pl. 5, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Volga Delta and northern Caucasus to Caspian Sea and southern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F20F831",null,null,"Kislovodsk, northern Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206868#page/25/mode/1up","Sturnus caucasicus"],["26334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Iceland southward to Canary Islands and eastward to Ural Mountains, northern Ukraine, and southeastern Europe; introduced to Africa, eastern Australia, New Zealand (self-introduced to subantarctic islands), North America, and southern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB555B88",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/186/mode/1up","Sturnus vulgaris"],["26335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris faroensis","Feilden, 1872","The Zoologist 17 p.3257",null,null,null,null,null,"Faroe Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64989856",null,null,"Faroes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90020#page/403/mode/1up","S[turnus] faroensis"],["26336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris zetlandicus","Hartert, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.2 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"Shetland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2422E73",null,null,"North Yell, Shetland Islands.","Notes on Starlings.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/361/mode/1up","Sturnus vulgaris zetlandicus"],["26337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris granti","Hartert, 1903","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Azores",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDD139B1",null,null,"Graciosa, Azores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/105/mode/1up","Sturnus vulgaris granti"],["26338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi","Finsch, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.713",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ural Mountains to Lake Baikal, Kazakhstan, and western Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DA6A94F",null,null,"Marka Kul, East Kazakhstan, western Altai region.","On a new Species of Starling.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/313/mode/1up","St[urnus] poltaratskyi"],["26339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris tauricus","Buturlin, 1904","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E7AEA1C",null,null,"Crimea.","Über neue Formen der echten Stare.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/241/mode/1up","Sturnus tauricus"],["26340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris purpurascens","Gould, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"western Transcaucasia to Georgia and Armenia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A713079",null,null,"Erzurum, Armenia.","On four New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/273/mode/1up","Sturnus purpurascens"],["26341","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris oppenheimi","Neumann, 1915","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Türkiye and northern Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B092F82",null,null,"Tel Halaf, Iraq.","Über eine kleine Vogelsammlung aus Nord-Mesopotamien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/129/mode/1up","Sturnus vulgaris oppenheimi"],["26342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris nobilior","Hume, 1879","Stray Feathers 8, no.2-5 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Afghanistan, Transcaspia, and Khorasan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ACFF8C6",null,null,"Kandahar, Afghanistan.","The Starlings of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95022#page/205/mode/1up","S[turnus] nobilior"],["26343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris porphyronotus","Sharpe, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.438-439",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Dzungaria and Tian Shan Mountains to Pamir Mountains and Samarkand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A34FDB57",null,null,"Afghanistan, etc. [= Yarkand, fide Sharpe (1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 38)].","On two apparently undescribed Species of Sturnus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/466/mode/1up","Sturnus porphyronotus"],["26344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris humii","Brooks, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6, no.24 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir to Garhwal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70588618",null,null,"Cashmere [= Kashmir.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/528/mode/1up","Sturnus humii"],["26345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnus vulgaris minor","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1, no.2, 3 & 4 p.207,text",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in western Pakistan (Sind)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9303A1F7",null,null,"Sind [= Larkhana, fide Sharpe (1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 39)].","Contributions to the Ornithology of India, Sindh, N° 2.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/229/mode/1up","S[turnus] minor"],["26346","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Creatophora","Lesson, 1847","Description de mammiferes et d'oiseaux récemment découverts, precédée d'un tableau sur les races humaines p.308",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gracula carunculata [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Rallus cinereus Meuschen, 1787",null,null,null,"Creatophora"],["26347","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Creatophora cinerea","(Meuschen, 1787)","Museum Geversianum sive index rerum naturalium, etc. p.40 no.17","Wattled Starling","Wattled Starling","Wattled Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill lightly wooded savanna, arid grassland, and cultivation, widespread in eastern and southern Africa, from Eritrea and Somalia southward through southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Zambia, to South Africa; nomadic post-breeding, has reached Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710832","watsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watsta1","avibase-9D95139B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229495#page/50/mode/1up","Rallus cinereus"],["26348","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Pastor","Temminck, 1815","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe p.82.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus roseus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Manuel_d_ornithologie_ou_Tableau_syst%C3%A8m/1bdm-hKTgpwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA82&printsec=frontcover","Pastor"],["26349","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Pastor roseus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170","Rosy Starling","Rosy Starling","Rosy Starling",null,null,"breeds south-central Europe; winters primarily India and southeastern Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710881","rossta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rossta2","avibase-24208346",null,null,"Lapland and Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","Turdus roseus"],["26350","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Agropsar","Oates, 1889","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.530",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gracula sturnina [Pallas, 1776]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67407#page/554/mode/1up","Agropsar"],["26351","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Agropsar sturninus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695","Daurian Starling","Daurian Starling","Purple-backed Starling",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to northern Mongolia and northern Korea; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710870","dausta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dausta1","avibase-2FC5C397",null,null,"Southern Dauria, between the Onon and Argun.",null,null,"Gracula sturnina"],["26352","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Agropsar philippensis","(Pennant, 1781)","Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.41","Chestnut-cheeked Starling","Chestnut-cheeked Starling","Chestnut-cheeked Starling",null,null,"breeds southern Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and northern Japan; winters to Philippines, Sulawesi, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710874","chcsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcsta1","avibase-FDA38B76",null,null,"Philippines (Based on Brisson III p. 446 pl. 22 fig. 3)","Specimen Faunulae Indicae","https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN600894029?tify={%22pages%22:[57],%22panX%22:0.521,%22panY%22:0.999,%22view%22:%22toc%22,%22zoom%22:1.003}","Motacilla Philippensis"],["26353","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracupica","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Gracula melanoleuca [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Gracula nigricollis Paykull, 1807",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/439/mode/1up","Gracupica"],["26354","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracupica nigricollis","(Paykull, 1807)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27 p.291","Black-collared Starling","Black-collared Starling","Black-collared Starling",null,null,"open country and scrub of southern China and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710903","bkcsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcsta1","avibase-DAC2B38A",null,null,"Canton, China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180276#page/307/mode/1up","Gracula nigricollis"],["26355","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracupica contra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.167","Indian Pied Myna","Indian Pied Starling","Indian Pied Starling","2025-0137","<em>Gracupica contra sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on assessment of bare parts color and genetics (Baveja et al. 2021): <em>G. contra</em> (polytypic, including <em>superciliaris</em>);<em> G. floweri </em>(monotypic); and <em>G. jalla</em> (monotypic). Further research including a formal analysis of phenotypic variation, and interactions along the contact zone between <em>floweri </em>and <em>contra</em>, would be informative.","northern and central India to Myanmar southward to Tenasserim",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216912703","aspsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aspsta2","avibase-4913F838",null,null,"India, restricted to Calcutta by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 702.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/186/mode/1up","Sturnus contra"],["26356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracupica contra contra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Pakistan and northwestern India eastward through southern Nepal and southern Bhutan eastward through the Assam Valley and southeastern Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-832B0742",null,null,"India, restricted to Calcutta by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 702.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/186/mode/1up","Sturnus contra"],["26357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracupica contra superciliaris","(Blyth, 1863)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 32, no.1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Manipur Valley (northeastern India) to south-central Myanmar southward and far southwestern Yunnan (southwestern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-683C37E5",null,null,"Burma. Restricted to Rangoon by Stuart Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 702).","Report of the Curator, Zoological Department (Continued from Vol. XXXI. p. 345.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/115344#page/93/mode/1up","Sturnopastor superciliaris"],["26358","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracupica jalla","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.155","Javan Pied Myna","Javan Pied Starling","Javan Pied Starling","2025-0137","<em>Gracupica contra sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on assessment of bare parts color and genetics (Baveja et al. 2021): <em>G. contra</em> (polytypic, including <em>superciliaris</em>);<em> G. floweri </em>(monotypic); and <em>G. jalla</em> (monotypic). Further research including a formal analysis of phenotypic variation, and interactions along the contact zone between <em>floweri </em>and <em>contra</em>, would be informative.","eastern Sumatra (where possibly introduced), Java, and Bali; probably extinct in the wild","Possibly Extinct in the Wild","CR (PEW)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103890801","aspsta3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aspsta3","avibase-6BF56F5F",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/174/mode/1up","Pastor Jalla"],["26359","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Gracupica floweri","(Sharpe, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.17","Siamese Pied Myna","Siamese Pied Starling","Thai Pied Starling","2025-0137","<em>Gracupica contra sensu lato</em> is treated as three species based on assessment of bare parts color and genetics (Baveja et al. 2021): <em>G. contra</em> (polytypic, including <em>superciliaris</em>);<em> G. floweri </em>(monotypic); and <em>G. jalla</em> (monotypic). Further research including a formal analysis of phenotypic variation, and interactions along the contact zone between <em>floweri </em>and <em>contra</em>, would be informative.","southern Myanmar to Thailand and Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216913021","aspsta7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aspsta7","avibase-0F5360B9",null,null,"Pachim [= Pachinburi (= Prachin Buri) and Tahkamen (= Ban Prachantakhan), Prachin Buri Province, central Thailand]. (In error, restricted to Bangkok by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 702).)","[Description of an apparently new species of Sturnospastor from Pachim and Tahkamen in Siam].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/455/mode/1up","Sturnopastor floweri"],["26360","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Necropsar","Slater, 1879","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 168 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Necropsar rodericanus [Slater, 1879]; type by monotypy",null,"The extinct birds of Rodriguez",null,"Necropsar"],["26361","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Necropsar rodericanus","Slater, 1879","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 168 p.427","Rodrigues Starling","Rodrigues Starling","Rodrigues Starling",null,null,"formerly Rodrigues Island; extinct, last reported 1750","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710836","rodsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodsta2","avibase-C66353E1",null,null,"Rodriguez Island","Extinct Birds of Rodriguez.",null,"Necropsar rodericanus"],["26362","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Leucopsar","Stresemann, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Leucopsar rothschildi [Stresemann, 1912]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/28/mode/1up","Leucopsar"],["26363","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Leucopsar rothschildi","Stresemann, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.4","Bali Starling","Bali Myna","Bali Myna",null,null,"coastal northwestern Bali (Bali Barat National Park); extinct in the wild with reintroductions in Nusa Penida Island and (usually unsuccessful) in western Bali",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710912","balmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balmyn1","avibase-5E135F53",null,null,"Bubunan, north coast of Bali.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species of Starling and of other new species from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/28/mode/1up","Leucopsar rothschildi"],["26364","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Fregilupus","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.5 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Upupa capensis [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy = Upupa varia Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/361/mode/1up","Fregilupus"],["26365","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Fregilupus varius","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.43","Hoopoe Starling","Reunion Starling","Reunion Starling",null,null,"formerly Réunion Island; extinct, last reported 1860","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710840","reusta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reusta1","avibase-2AF0BD16",null,null,"No locality = Reunion Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/65/mode/1up","Upupa varia"],["26366","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnornis","Legge, 1879","A history of the birds of Ceylon 2 p.679.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sturnornis senex [Legge, 1879]; type by monotypy = Hetaerornis albofrontata E.L. Layard, 1854",null,null,null,"Sturnornis"],["26367","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnornis albofrontatus","(Layard, 1854)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.75 p.217","White-faced Starling","White-faced Starling","White-faced Starling",null,null,"forest of wet zone of southwestern Sri Lanka",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710844","whfsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfsta2","avibase-E3A389C3",null,null,"Ceylon [=Sri Lanka]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/247/mode/1up","Heterornis albofrontata"],["26368","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia","Lesson, 1837","Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des mammifères et des oiseaux découverts après la mort de Buffon. Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon. Oiseaux 9 p.53.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pastor elegans [Lesson, 1834]; type by original designation = Oriolus sinensis J.F. Gmelin, 1788",null,null,null,"Sturnia"],["26369","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia sinensis","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] 1 pt1 p.394","White-shouldered Starling","White-shouldered Starling","White-shouldered Starling",null,null,"breeds southern China to Indochina; winters to southeastern Asia and northern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710877","whssta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whssta2","avibase-ED5CDA85",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/406/mode/1up","Oriolus sinensis"],["26370","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia pagodarum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.816","Brahminy Starling","Brahminy Starling","Brahminy Starling",null,null,"eastern Afghanistan to Bangladesh, southern Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710864","brasta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brasta1","avibase-E44DFDFA",null,null,"Malabar and Coromandel.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/317/mode/1up","Turdus pagodarum"],["26371","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia malabarica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.816","Chestnut-tailed Starling",null,"Chestnut-tailed Starling","2025-0138","Taxon <em>blythii </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Sturnia malabarica</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Mitochondrial DNA divergence is small (Zuccon et al. 2008) and it is unclear if phenotypic differences reflect clinal variation or ecomorphological patterns; further research on species limits in this complex is needed.","southwestern, northern, central, and northeastern India (southern Assam), Nepal, southern China (Yunnan), Myanmar, northwestern and western Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam; winters to south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710858",null,null,"avibase-B2D85309",null,null,"Malabar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/317/mode/1up","Turdus malabaricus"],["26372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia malabarica malabarica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.816",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, central, and northeastern India, Nepal; winters to southern and western India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-164D19CA",null,null,"Malabar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/317/mode/1up","Turdus malabaricus"],["26373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia malabarica nemoricola","Jerdon, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southern Assam), southern China (Yunnan), Myanmar, northwestern and western Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam; to Cambodia in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F69E8A3",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Burma.","Notice of some New Species of Birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/46/mode/1up","Sturnia nemoricola"],["26374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia malabarica blythii","(Jerdon, 1845)","Illustrations of Indian ornithology, containing fifty figures of new, unfigured and interesting species of birds, chiefly from the south of India text pl.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D3605F2",null,null,"Malabar.",null,null,"Pastor blythii"],["26375","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia erythropygia","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.34","White-headed Starling","White-headed Starling","White-headed Starling",null,null,"Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710861","whhsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhsta2","avibase-8A195598",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/156/mode/1up","Sturnia erythropygia"],["26376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia erythropygia andamanensis","(Beavan, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.11 p.329-330",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE336B4D",null,null,"Andamans.","The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/357/mode/1up","Temenuchus andamanensis"],["26377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia erythropygia erythropygia","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.169 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Car Nicobar Island (north Nicobar Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA296F38",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from vol. XIV, p. 602].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/156/mode/1up","Sturnia erythropygia"],["26378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Sturnia erythropygia katchalensis","Richmond, 1902","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.293-294",null,null,null,null,null,"Katchal Island (central Nicobar Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0104B324",null,null,"Katchal.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/325/mode/1up","Sturnia erythropygia katchalensis"],["26379","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Spodiopsar","Sharpe, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.580.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sturnus sericeus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 40).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/610/mode/1up","Spodiopsar"],["26380","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Spodiopsar sericeus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.805","Red-billed Starling","Red-billed Starling","Red-billed Starling",null,null,"lowlands of south-central China; winters to southeastern Asia and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710867","rebsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebsta1","avibase-8E1A6EB9",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/306/mode/1up","Sturnus sericeus"],["26381","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Spodiopsar cineraceus","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.94, vol.2 pl.556","White-cheeked Starling","White-cheeked Starling","White-cheeked Starling",null,null,"northeastern Asia; winters in southern China and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710896","whcsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcsta1","avibase-632ACC15",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/325/mode/1up","Sturnus cineraceus"],["26382","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.42",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Paradisea tristis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 40).   ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f48.item","Acridotheres"],["26383","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres ginginianus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.362","Bank Myna","Bank Myna","Bank Myna",null,null,"foothills of eastern Pakistan to northern Nepal and north-central India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710929","banmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banmyn1","avibase-F8CFF92C",null,null,"India, restricted to Nadia, Bengal by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 702).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/384/mode/1up","Turdus ginginianus"],["26384","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres tristis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.167","Common Myna","Common Myna","Common Myna",null,null,"lowland to submontane open areas near human habitation and cultivation, urban areas, and villages in desert and plains, from southern Kazakhstan southward to southeastern Iran and Pakistan, thence eastward through India and Sri Lanka to southern China (including Hainan), and southward to Malayan Peninsula; introduced to Egypt, Arabian Peninsula, southeastern China, southern Africa, Madagascar and western Indian Ocean islands, eastern Australia, North Island (New Zealand), Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Polynesia eastward to the Marquesas Islands and Hawaiian Islands (all main islands), and southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710921","commyn","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/commyn","avibase-F23A2F38",null,null,"Philippines, error for (probably) Pondichery, fide Stresemann (1952, Ibis, 94, p. 515).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/171/mode/1up","Paradisea tristis"],["26385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres tristis tristis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Iran to India and southeastern Asia; introduced widely worldwide",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A91E33E",null,null,"Philippines, error for (probably) Pondichery, fide Stresemann (1952, Ibis, 94, p. 515).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/171/mode/1up","Paradisea tristis"],["26386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres tristis melanosternus","Legge, 1879","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.3, no.14 p.168-169",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F609DF6A",null,null,"Ceylon.","XIX. On two new Races or Subspecies of Indian Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81199#page/182/mode/1up","Acridotheres melanosternus"],["26387","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres melanopterus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.286","Black-winged Myna","Black-winged Myna","Black-winged Myna",null,null,"Java and Bali, now extremely rare and local on both islands; introduced to Singapore",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710909","bkwsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkwsta1","avibase-EC5675E3",null,null,"Inde [= Western Java].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/316/mode/1up","Gracula melanoptera"],["26388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres melanopterus melanopterus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Java and Madura",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-462CDF14",null,null,"Inde [= Western Java].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/316/mode/1up","Gracula melanoptera"],["26389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres melanopterus tricolor","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CE58BE1",null,null,"Java; restricted to eastern Java by Robinson and Kloss (1924, Treubia, 5, p. 294).","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/174/mode/1up","Pastor tricolor"],["26390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres melanopterus tertius","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.547",null,null,null,null,null,"Bali, Nusa Penida, and Lombok",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FEC2A63",null,null,"low country on Bali Island [Indonesia]","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/599/mode/1up","Gracupica tertia"],["26391","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres burmannicus","(Jerdon, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.13 p.21","Burmese Myna","Burmese Myna","Burmese Myna","2025-0139","Taxon <em>leucocephalus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Acridotheres burmannicus</em> based on morphometric differences; plumage differences are modest and no genetic data are available for <em>leucocephalus</em>.","Myanmar and southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103870359","vibsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vibsta1","avibase-A0FB9485",null,null,"Thayetmyo, Upper Burma.","Notice of some New Species of Birds from Upper Burmah.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/45/mode/1up","Sturnia burmannica"],["26392","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres leucocephalus","Giglioli & Salvadori, 1870","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 5 p.273","Vinous-breasted Myna","Vinous-breasted Myna","Vinous-breasted Myna","2025-0139","Taxon <em>leucocephalus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Acridotheres burmannicus</em> based on morphometric differences; plumage differences are modest and no genetic data are available for <em>leucocephalus</em>.","Thailand (except the north and much of the far south), Cambodia (except the southeast), central and southern Laos, and Vietnam, where until recently it was apparently absent only from the north, but the species has now been recorded in East Tonkin; introduced in Israel (mainly around Tel Aviv) and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103870738","vibsta4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vibsta4","avibase-DDF650D1",null,null,"Thu-doc, Indo-China.","Altre nuove o poco nuove specie di uccelli raccolete durante il viagio fatto interno al mondo dalla pirocorvetta italiana Magenta negli anni 1863, 1866,1867,1868, 1869","https://books.google.ca/books?id=b2xEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA273","Acridotheres leucocephalus"],["26393","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres albocinctus","Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.18 p.251","Collared Myna","Collared Myna","Collared Myna",null,null,"northeastern India (Manipur) to northern Myanmar and southwestern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710943","colmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colmyn1","avibase-EABE979B",null,null,"Manipur.","Descriptions of some supposed new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/283/mode/1up","Acridotheres albocinctus"],["26394","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres grandis","Moore, 1858","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 2 p.537","Great Myna","Great Myna","Great Myna",null,null,"northeastern India to southwestern China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103871222","whvmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whvmyn1","avibase-B483CC1C",null,null,"Sumatra (error). Restricted, in error, to Tenasserim by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 702); and to Bangkok, Thailand, by Deignan (1945, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 186, p. 526).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182055#page/91/mode/1up","Acridotheres grandis"],["26395","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres cristatellus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.109","Crested Myna","Crested Myna","Crested Myna",null,null,"eastern Myanmar to northern Indochina, central and southeastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710946","cremyn","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cremyn","avibase-65BCBB64",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/127/mode/1up","Gracula cristatella"],["26396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres cristatellus cristatellus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to northern Indochina, southeastern, and central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B29E09D",null,null,"China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/127/mode/1up","Gracula cristatella"],["26397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres cristatellus brevipennis","Hartert, 1910","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31A1C1A1",null,null,"Kiungchau, Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/270/mode/1up","Acridotheres cristatella brevipennis"],["26398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres cristatellus formosanus","(Hartert, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D38BC49",null,null,"Bankoro, central Formosa.","Description of a new form of Starling from the Island of Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/38/mode/1up","Aethiopsar cristatellus formosanus"],["26399","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres cinereus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.420","Pale-bellied Myna","Pale-bellied Myna","Pale-bellied Myna",null,null,"southern peninsular Sulawesi (north to Rantepao)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710940","pabmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabmyn1","avibase-5FE2771C",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/652/mode/1up","Acridotheres cinereus"],["26400","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres javanicus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.205","Javan Myna","Javan Myna","Javan Myna",null,null,"Java and Bali; widely introduced elsewhere (southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Flores, Sumba, Honshu, and Taiwan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103871334","whvmyn","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whvmyn","avibase-D70B61EE",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/221/mode/1up","Acridotheres javanicus"],["26401","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres fuscus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.88, sp.6","Jungle Myna","Jungle Myna","Jungle Myna",null,null,"Himalayas from Pakistan to Assam, and most of India eastward through Myanmar and Malayan Peninsula; introduced to Polynesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710932","junmyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/junmyn1","avibase-8724C64A",null,null,"India, restricted to eastern Bengal by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 702).i",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/130/mode/1up","Pastor fuscus"],["26402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres fuscus mahrattensis","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"western Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B3DA0A7",null,null,"only in the The Ghayts [= Ghats, India; near Poona, fide Whistler (1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 590)].","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/299/mode/1up","Pastor Mahrattensis"],["26403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres fuscus fuscus","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.88, sp.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Pakistan to Assam, Rajasthan, and northern Odisha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39C911A0",null,null,"India, restricted to eastern Bengal by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 702).i",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/130/mode/1up","Pastor fuscus"],["26404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres fuscus fumidus","Ripley, 1950","Postilla 1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-785F7103",null,null,"Sadiya, northeastern Assam.","Notes on Indian birds. III. Birds from Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/22/mode/1up","Acridotheres cristatellus fumidus"],["26405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Acridotheres fuscus torquatus","Davison, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.13 p.102-103",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to Thai-Malay Peninsula (except for southern tip)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64B16774",null,null,"Paulu Tawer, Pahang River, Malaya.","Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Eastern Coast of the Malayan Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/134/mode/1up","Acridotheres torquatus"],["26406","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Hartlaubius","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.830",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus madagascariensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/840/mode/1up","Hartlaubius"],["26407","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Hartlaubius auratus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.140","Madagascar Starling","Madagascar Starling","Madagascar Starling",null,null,"forest of Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710825","madsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madsta1","avibase-9D7AA862",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/160/mode/1up","Turdus auratus"],["26408","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Cinnyricinclus","Lesson, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus leucogaster [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 66). = Turdus leucogaster Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/282/mode/1up","Cinnyricinclus"],["26409","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Cinnyricinclus leucogaster","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39","Violet-backed Starling","Violet-backed Starling","Violet-backed Starling",null,null,"open woodland and forest edge in lowlands to mountains from Senegal eastward to Eritrea and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, southward (except Congolian forest areas) to Central Namibia and eastern Cape region of South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710791","vibsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vibsta2","avibase-B1A3AF6C",null,null,"No locality (Whidah, fide Gmelin, = Dahomey).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Turdus leucogaster"],["26410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Cinnyricinclus leucogaster leucogaster","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Senegal eastward, south of Sahara and north of equator, to South Sudan, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and central and southern Ethiopia; non-breeding also in coastal areas, Gabon, Congo, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BFAD661",null,null,"No locality (Whidah, fide Gmelin, = Dahomey).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Turdus leucogaster"],["26411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Cinnyricinclus leucogaster arabicus","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1942","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 63 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of southwestern Arabian Peninsula (southwestern Saudi Arabia southward to western Yemen); probably also Eritrea, Djibouti, northern Ethiopia, eastern Sudan, and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A905F317",null,null,"Hajeilah, Yemen, southern Arabia.","A new Race of Violet-backed Starling from Arabia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125660#page/31/mode/1up","Cinnyricinclus leucogaster arabicus"],["26412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verreauxi","(Bocage, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.867",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola southward to central Namibia and, in east, from southern Kenya and western Tanzania southward to Botswana, northeastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Mozambique; in non-breeding season more widespread",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37658C21",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/889/mode/1up","Pholidauges Verreauxi"],["26413","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus","Hartlaub, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.494",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Onychognathus fulgidus [Hartlaub, 1849]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/530/mode/1up","Onychognathus"],["26414","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus tenuirostris","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.26","Slender-billed Starling","Slender-billed Starling","Slender-billed Starling",null,null,"montane forest and alpine moorland from Eritrea southward through eastern Africa including Rwanda and Burundi and Eastern Arc mountains of central to southwestern Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710629","slbsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbsta1","avibase-F2C7AA06",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/106/mode/1up","Lamprotornis tenuirostris"],["26415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus tenuirostris tenuirostris","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38D2E740",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/106/mode/1up","Lamprotornis tenuirostris"],["26416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus tenuirostris theresae","Meinertzhagen, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6028F38E",null,null,"Northern Aberdares, Kenya.","Descriptions of six new races from Mount Kenya, Kenya Colony.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/108/mode/1up","Onychognathus tenuirostris theresae"],["26417","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus nabouroup","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.308","Pale-winged Starling","Pale-winged Starling","Pale-winged Starling",null,null,"lowland to submontane semi-desert, arid savanna, Karoo, and dry open woodland with escarpments or rocky outcrops, from southwestern Angola southward to southwestern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710600","pawsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pawsta1","avibase-975D0D5D",null,null,"Kamies Mountains, Little Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/344/mode/1up","Sturnus nabouroup"],["26418","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus morio","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.297","Red-winged Starling","Red-winged Starling","Red-winged Starling","2025-0150","Taxon <em>neumanni </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Onychognathus morio</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Although bill shape and narial feathering of <em>morio </em>are distinct, vocalizations are similar to <em>neumanni</em>; further research is needed to affirm this split.","rocky areas in mountains and in urban areas, Eritrea southward through eastern Africa southward to southern Cape of South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103871400","rewsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewsta1","avibase-508D5CA2",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/301/mode/1up","Turdus morio"],["26419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus morio rueppellii","(Verreaux, 1856)","Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle ou traité complet de cette science d'après les travaux des naturalistes les plus éminents de tous les pays et de toutes les époques: Buffon, Daubenton, Lacépède, G. Cuvier, F. Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Latreille, De Jussieu, Brongniart, etc. Oiseaux 6 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to Ethiopia and far northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4902706F",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185685#page/240/mode/1up","Amydrus rüppellii"],["26420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus morio morio","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-077E0E5B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/301/mode/1up","Turdus morio"],["26421","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus neumanni","(Alexander, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.41","Neumann's Starling","Neumann's Starling","Neumann's Starling","2025-0150","Taxon <em>neumanni </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Onychognathus morio</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Although bill shape and narial feathering of <em>morio </em>are distinct, vocalizations are similar to <em>neumanni</em>; further research is needed to affirm this split.","rocky outcrops of Sahel zone in hills and mountains of southern Mauritania eastward to western Sudan and southward to Central African Republic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103871484","neusta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neusta1","avibase-DB82ABEA",null,null,"Petti, Northern Nigeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/413/mode/1up","Amydrus neumanni"],["26422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus neumanni modicus","Bates, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Mali and western Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B727ABCD",null,null,"Kulikoro, French Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/45/mode/1up","Onychognathus morio modicus"],["26423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus neumanni neumanni","(Alexander, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Nigeria to Cameroon, Central African Republic, and western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCDA35DC",null,null,"Petti, Northern Nigeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/413/mode/1up","Amydrus neumanni"],["26424","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus fulgidus","Hartlaub, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.495","Chestnut-winged Starling","Chestnut-winged Starling","Chestnut-winged Starling",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands and hills from Sierra Leone eastward to western South Sudan and eastern Uganda, in south to northern Angola and east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo; Bioko and São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710624","chwsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwsta1","avibase-01D755E8",null,null,"São Tome.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/531/mode/1up","Onychognathus fulgidus"],["26425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus fulgidus fulgidus","Hartlaub, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko and São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF012DD7",null,null,"São Tome.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/531/mode/1up","Onychognathus fulgidus"],["26426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus fulgidus hartlaubii","Hartlaub, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.291-292",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-901DC007",null,null,"Fernando Po. (or Lower Niger, cf. Neumann 1904)","On New Species of Birds from Western Africa, in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/375/mode/1up","Onychognathus hartlaubii"],["26427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus fulgidus intermedius","Hartert, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFD66CCD",null,null,"Lukolele on the Congo River [=Lukolela, Équateur, DRC]","On some birds from the Congo region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/78/mode/1up","Onycognathus intermedius"],["26428","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus walleri","(Shelley, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.15 p.335","Waller's Starling","Waller's Starling","Waller's Starling",null,null,"montane forest and forest patches of highlands of eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), Albertine Rift from western Uganda through northern Burundi, highlands of southern South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, northeastern Tanzania, and Eastern Arc mountains from central to southwestern Tanzania, through northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710595","walsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/walsta1","avibase-E11D6D66",null,null,"Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Descriptions of four new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/359/mode/1up","Amydrus walleri"],["26429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus walleri preussi","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-422ECB4F",null,null,"Buea, Cameroons.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/198/mode/1up","Onychognathus preussi"],["26430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus walleri elgonensis","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western and eastern Uganda (Mount Elgon), Rwanda, Burundi, and Kenya (west of the Rift Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-370BB647",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part I. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/274/mode/1up","Amydrus elgonensis"],["26431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus walleri walleri","(Shelley, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.15 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya (east of Rift Valley) to Tanzania and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C001949F",null,null,"Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Descriptions of four new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/359/mode/1up","Amydrus walleri"],["26432","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus albirostris","(Rüppell, 1836)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.22","White-billed Starling","White-billed Starling","White-billed Starling",null,null,"submontane to montane rocky steppe with cliffs and gorges and cliffs, and locally in towns, from southern Eritrea southward to central Ethiopia highland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710634","whbsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsta1","avibase-B3461BEC",null,null,"Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/102/mode/1up","Ptilonorhynchus (Kitta) albirostris"],["26433","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus tristramii","(Sclater, 1858)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.2, no.12 p.465","Tristram's Starling","Tristram's Starling","Tristram's Starling",null,null,"Dead Sea Valley and western Arabia to Yemen and southern Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710604","trista1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trista1","avibase-0EDF9145",null,null,"Mar Saaba, Hebron Valley, Israel.","LI. Description of a new species of Bird from Palestine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19434#page/515/mode/1up","Amydrus Tristramii"],["26434","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus salvadorii","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.241 pl.IV","Bristle-crowned Starling","Bristle-crowned Starling","Bristle-crowned Starling",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane arid steppe with rocky cliffs, and locally towns and gardens, from central Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia southward to central Kenya and far northeastern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710638","brcsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcsta1","avibase-E8DEABBD",null,null,"Turquel, Suk country, northern Kenya.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part I. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/273/mode/1up","Galeopsar salvadorii"],["26435","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus blythii","(Hartlaub, 1859)","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.37 p.32","Somali Starling","Somali Starling","Somali Starling",null,null,"lowland to montane arid open country and steppe with cliffs, and coastal cliffs, from Eritrea and northern Ethiopia eastward to northeastern Somali and Socotra; some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710614","somsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somsta1","avibase-9F79E839",null,null,"Somaliland.","Monographische Uebersicht der Glanzstaare (Lamprotornithinae) Africa's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/42/mode/1up","Amydrus blythii"],["26436","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Onychognathus frater","(Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.171","Socotra Starling","Socotra Starling","Socotra Starling",null,null,"rocky hills of Socotra (off northeastern Somalia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710619","socsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socsta1","avibase-9AD060AA",null,null,"Socotra.","On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. B. Balfour.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/235/mode/1up","Amydrus frater"],["26437","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Notopholia","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.272.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lamprotornis melanogaster [Swainson, 1838]; type by original designation = Lamprotornis corruscus von Nordmann, 1835",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/354/mode/1up","Notopholia"],["26438","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Notopholia corusca","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.9","Black-bellied Starling","Black-bellied Starling","Black-bellied Starling",null,null,"coastal forest and edge from lowlands to hills from southern Somalia southward to southern Cape of South Africa; also Pemba, Zanzibar, and Mafia islands (off Tanzania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710661","bbgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbgsta1","avibase-40781028",null,null,"Southern Africa; type said to be from Kaffirland.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false","L[amprotornis] corrusca"],["26439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Notopholia corusca corusca","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal bush of southern Somalia to eastern Eswatini and Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-791AA155",null,null,"Southern Africa; type said to be from Kaffirland.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false","L[amprotornis] corrusca"],["26440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Notopholia corusca vaughani","(Bannerman, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Pemba Island (off Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3988020",null,null,"Pemba.","Description of a new subspecies of Glossy Starling from Pemba Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/166/mode/1up","Lamprocolius corruscus vaughani"],["26441","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Hylopsar","Boetticher, 1940","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band3 no.3 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lamprocolius purpureiceps [J. & E. Verreaux, 1851]; type by original designation",null,"Die Grlanzstare Afrikas","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Anzeiger-Ornith-Ges-Bayerns_3_3_0086-0091.pdf","Hylopsar"],["26442","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Hylopsar purpureiceps","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.418","Purple-headed Starling","Purple-headed Starling","Purple-headed Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill evergreen primary forest from southern Benin eastward through southern Cameroon to Uganda, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola), and far western and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710654","phgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phgsta1","avibase-A8BD788E",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voir p. 257 et 306.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/442/mode/1up","Lamprocolius purpureiceps"],["26443","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Hylopsar cupreocauda","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.119","Copper-tailed Starling","Copper-tailed Starling","Copper-tailed Starling",null,null,"lowland Upper Guinea forest, forest edge and logged forest, and old plantations, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southern Ghana",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710647","ctgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ctgsta1","avibase-60B48D34",null,null,"Sierra Leone, Aguapim, Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/193/mode/1up","Lamprocolius cupreocauda"],["26444","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Saroglossa","Hodgson, 1844","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lamprotornis spilopterus [Vigors, 1831]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/557/mode/1up","Saroglossa"],["26445","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Saroglossa spilopterus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35","Spot-winged Starling","Spot-winged Starling","Spot-winged Starling",null,null,"foothills of northern India and Nepal; winters to Myanmar and Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710829","spwsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwsta1","avibase-58C780B0",null,null,"Himalayas, restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Lamprotornis spilopterus"],["26446","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Neocichla","Sharpe, 1876","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crateropus gutturalis [Bocage, 1871]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Neocichla"],["26447","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Neocichla gutturalis","(Bocage, 1871)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 3 p.272","Babbling Starling","Babbling Starling","Babbling Starling",null,null,"brachystegia woodland of lowlands to hills of southwestern Angola eastward to western Tanzania and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710799","babsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babsta1","avibase-3F941452",null,null,"Huilla, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54807#page/286/mode/1up","Crateropus gutturalis"],["26448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Neocichla gutturalis gutturalis","(Bocage, 1871)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 3 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"brachystegia of interior southwestern Angola and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43BBA1C7",null,null,"Huilla, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54807#page/286/mode/1up","Crateropus gutturalis"],["26449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Neocichla gutturalis angusta","Friedmann, 1930","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 20, no.17 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia to Tanzania and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BE2E001",null,null,"Muhulala [= Muhalala], Kilimatindi, Tanganyika.","The geographic variations of Neocichla gutturalis (Bocage).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123330#page/510/mode/1up","Neocichla gutturalis angustus"],["26450","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Speculipastor","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Speculipastor bicolor [Reichenow, 1879]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Speculipastor"],["26451","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Speculipastor bicolor","Reichenow, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.108","Magpie Starling","Magpie Starling","Magpie Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill open country, semi-desert, dry open woodland, and thornscrub, breeding from southern Ethiopia and northern Somalia southward to central Kenya; nomadic post-breeding to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710795","magsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magsta1","avibase-D3390C6C",null,null,"Kipini, Kenya.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Speculipastor bicolor"],["26452","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Grafisia","Bates, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Spreo torquatus [Reichenow, 1909]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/143/mode/1up","Grafisia"],["26453","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Grafisia torquata","(Reichenow, 1909)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 17 p.140","White-collared Starling","White-collared Starling","White-collared Starling",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill open woodland, savanna, and highland grassland, from northern and central Cameroon eastward to Central African Republic and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; post-breeding dispersal to Gabon and northern Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710591","whcsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcsta2","avibase-D9E58EA7",null,null,"Banjo, northwestern Cameroons.","Neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101393#page/158/mode/1up","Spreo torquatus"],["26454","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Pholia","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.99.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pholia hirundinea [Reichenow, 1900]; type by monotypy = Pholidauges sharpii F.J. Jackson, 1898  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/117/mode/1up","Pholia"],["26455","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Pholia sharpii","(Jackson, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.22","Sharpe's Starling","Sharpe's Starling","Sharpe's Starling","2025-0140","Taxon <em>sharpii </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Pholia </em>and taxon <em>femoralis </em>is placed in a monospecific <em>Arizelopsar </em>based on morphology and genetics. Sometimes placed in <em>Poeoptera</em>, but mitochondrial DNA divergences among these three genera are relatively deep (Lovette &amp; Rubenstein 2007).","patchy in foothill to montane wet highland forest, and forest edges and clearings, from South Sudan and central Ethiopia southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710783","shasta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shasta2","avibase-D6F2837E",null,null,"'Nandi, Kenya', but type from Eldama Ravine, fide Sclater (1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 655).","[Exhibition of two apparently new species from Nandi in Equatorial Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/542/mode/1up","Pholidauges sharpii"],["26456","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Arizelopsar","Oberholser, 1905","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 28, no.1411 p.887.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pholidauges femoralis [Richmond]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52788#page/983/mode/1up","Arizelopsar"],["26457","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Arizelopsar femoralis","(Richmond, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.2 p.160","Abbott's Starling","Abbott's Starling","Abbott's Starling","2025-0140","Taxon <em>sharpii </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Pholia </em>and taxon <em>femoralis </em>is placed in a monospecific <em>Arizelopsar </em>based on morphology and genetics. Sometimes placed in <em>Poeoptera</em>, but mitochondrial DNA divergences among these three genera are relatively deep (Lovette &amp; Rubenstein 2007).","patchy in submontane to montane forest, favoring tall trees with discontinuous canopy, in south-central Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710787","abbsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abbsta2","avibase-1350773F",null,null,"6,000 feet on Mt. Kilimanjaro.","Description of ten new species of birds discovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region of East Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/3/","Pholidauges femoralis"],["26458","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Poeoptera","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Poeoptera lugubris [Bonaparte, 1854]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/391/mode/1up","Poeoptera"],["26459","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Poeoptera lugubris","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.381","Narrow-tailed Starling","Narrow-tailed Starling","Narrow-tailed Starling",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill primary forest, remnant forest patches, plantations and abandoned cultivation, from Sierra Leone eastward through southern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710587","natsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/natsta1","avibase-E2FB8C49",null,null,"No locality = Gabon, fide Hartlaub, 1857, S3^st. Orn. Westafr., p. 69.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Septième communication : Chanteurs dentirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/391/mode/1up","Poeoptera lugubris"],["26460","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Poeoptera stuhlmanni","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.31","Stuhlmann's Starling","Stuhlmann's Starling","Stuhlmann's Starling",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill primary forest, remnant forest patches, plantations and abandoned cultivation, from Sierra Leone eastward through southern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), to western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710579","stusta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stusta1","avibase-AEC1B69C",null,null,"Badjua, on plateau west of Lake Albert.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/45/mode/1up","Stilbopsar stuhlmanni"],["26461","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Poeoptera kenricki","Shelley, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.42","Kenrick's Starling","Kenrick's Starling","Kenrick's Starling",null,null,"montane forest and forest patches of central Kenya, northeastern Tanzania, and Eastern Arc mountains from central to southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710583","kensta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kensta1","avibase-295B9665",null,null,"Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","New species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/140/mode/1up","Paeoptera kenricki"],["26462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Poeoptera kenricki bensoni","(Van Someren, 1945)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F852AF00",null,null,"Meru, Mount Kenya.","Notes on East African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/35/mode/1up","Stilbopsar kenricki bensoni"],["26463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Poeoptera kenricki kenricki","Shelley, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02147B0D",null,null,"Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","New species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/140/mode/1up","Paeoptera kenricki"],["26464","genus","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LV",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus caudatus [Statius Muller, 1776]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 154).   ",null,null,null,"Lamprotornis"],["26465","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis hildebrandti","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.233","Hildebrandt's Starling","Hildebrandt's Starling","Hildebrandt's Starling",null,null,"foothill to submontane thornscrub, open woodland, and villages, from north-central Kenya southward to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710779","hilsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hilsta1","avibase-621F6E07",null,null,"Ukamba, Kenya.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/245/mode/1up","Notauges Hildebrandti"],["26466","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis shelleyi","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.190","Shelley's Starling","Shelley's Starling","Shelley's Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, brushy steppe, thornscrub, and semi-desert, from northern Somalia southward through eastern and southern Ethiopia to southeastern South Sudan, northern Uganda, and northern Kenya; some migrate southward post-breeding to central and southern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710775","shesta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shesta1","avibase-B24A13C7",null,null,"Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/210/mode/1up","Spreo shelleyi"],["26467","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis australis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.52","Burchell's Starling","Burchell's Starling","Burchell's Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia woodland, and lightly-wooded savanna, from southern Angola and southwestern Zambia southward to northern and eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southwestern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710731","bugsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bugsta1","avibase-996AF595",null,null,"Country north of Kurrichane, South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/132/mode/1up","Megalopterus australis"],["26468","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis caudatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.144","Long-tailed Glossy Starling","Long-tailed Glossy Starling","Long-tailed Glossy Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill semiarid wooded savanna, thornscrub, dry farmland, and wooded towns, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan and western South Sudan, and southward to northern Cameroon and Central Africa Republic; some nomadic dispersal in dry season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710744","ltgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltgsta1","avibase-56713D11",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/164/mode/1up","Turdus caudatus"],["26469","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis purpuroptera","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.64,75 pl.25","Rüppell's Starling","Rüppell's Starling","Rüppell's Starling",null,null,"open woodland to urban areas from lowlands to hills in southeastern Sudan and Eritrea eastward to central Somalia and southward through far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and western and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710751","ruegls1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruegls1","avibase-3BB2565D",null,null,"Shoa district, southwestern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/78/mode/1up","Lamprotornis purpuroptera"],["26470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis purpuroptera aeneocephalus","Heuglin, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan, South Sudan, northwestern Eritrea, and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B3015C9",null,null,"Anseba River, northern Eritrea.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/34/mode/1up","Lamprotornis aeneocephalus"],["26471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis purpuroptera purpuroptera","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.64,75 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Ethiopia, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, southern Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi, and northern and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3486B314",null,null,"Shoa district, southwestern Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/78/mode/1up","Lamprotornis purpuroptera"],["26472","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis unicolor","(Shelley, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.17 p.116","Ashy Starling","Ashy Starling","Ashy Starling",null,null,"foothill dry open woodland, savanna, and wooded grassland, from north-central to south-central Tanzania; some nomadic dispersal in dry season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710821","ashsta2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashsta2","avibase-6BFEA7BE",null,null,"Ugogo, Tanganyika.","On new Species of East-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/148/mode/1up","Cosmopsarus unicolor"],["26473","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis mevesii","(Wahlberg, 1856)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 13 p.174","Meves's Starling","Meves's Starling",null,"2025-0142","Taxa <em>violacior </em>(monotypic) and <em>benguelensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as subspecies of <em>Lamprotornis mevesii</em> based on available evidence. Current data indicate that plumages are variable, distributions more continuous, and patterns of habitat use overlapping.","open woodland of lowland and hills from west-central Angola and northern Namibia eastward to northeastern Zambia, Malawi, and southwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,"megsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/megsta1","avibase-69598630",null,null,"Doughe [= Okavanga River], Bechuanaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54172#page/184/mode/1up","Juida Mevesii"],["26474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis mevesii benguelensis","Shelley, 1906","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"mopane woodland of southern end of western Angola escarpment",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6135A721",null,null,"Rio Chimba, Benguela",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49447#page/75/mode/1up","Lamprotornis benguelensis"],["26475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis mevesii violacior","Clancey, 1973","Durban Museum Novitates 9 (18) p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia and southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20521EC7",null,null,"Angola, SW Africa border, Cuene R., between Rua Cana falls and Eriksson's Drift, Nankwali Rapids, Otjibombe","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 36. A New Race of Lamprotornis mevesii (Wahlberg) from north western South-West Africa and adjacent Angola.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1806","Lamprotornis mevesii violacior"],["26476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis mevesii mevesii","(Wahlberg, 1856)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 13 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and northern Namibia to Botswana, southern Malawi, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75BAB34E",null,null,"Doughe [= Okavanga River], Bechuanaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54172#page/184/mode/1up","Juida Mevesii"],["26477","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chloropterus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.359","Lesser Blue-eared Starling","Lesser Blue-eared Starling","Lesser Blue-eared Starling","2025-0141","Taxon <em>elisabeth </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Lamprotornis chloropterus</em> based on available evidence. Distributions appear continuous and vocalizations are similar, the taxa differing only in the belly color of juveniles; genetic data for <em>elisabeth </em>are lacking.","savanna to miombo woodland and gardens of lowlands to hills from Senegal eastward to Eritrea and southward through eastern Africa to southern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/106005777","lbesta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lbesta1","avibase-0AA15ACA",null,null,"Western Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/371/mode/1up","Lamprotornis chloropterus"],["26478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chloropterus chloropterus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, western Ethiopia, northern Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0319D393",null,null,"Western Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/371/mode/1up","Lamprotornis chloropterus"],["26479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chloropterus elisabeth","(Stresemann, 1924)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 32 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and Tanzania to Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-951890AD",null,null,"Msamvialager, South-Ufipa, Tanganyika.","Lamprocolius chloropterus elisabeth subsp. n..","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447528&seq=187","Lamprocolius chloropterus elisabeth"],["26480","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis acuticaudus","(Bocage, 1869)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.8 p.345","Sharp-tailed Starling","Sharp-tailed Starling","Sharp-tailed Starling",null,null,"open woodland of hills from Angola and northern Namibia eastward to southwestern Tanzania and northern Botswana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710710","stgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stgsta1","avibase-D5703E7A",null,null,"Huilla, Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/365/mode/1up","Lamprocolius acuticaudus"],["26481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis acuticaudus acuticaudus","(Bocage, 1869)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.8 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola to Zambia and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-493EDFA0",null,null,"Huilla, Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/365/mode/1up","Lamprocolius acuticaudus"],["26482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis acuticaudus ecki","Clancey, 1980","Durban Museum Novitates 12, no.9 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia and adjacent southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1B6F40F",null,null,"Andara, Okavango R ., north-eastern South West-Africa (Namibia). 14 December, 1978. Collected b y M.O.E. Baddeley.","On birds from the mid-Okavango Valley on the South West Africa/Angola border.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2197","Lamprotornis acuticaudus ecki"],["26483","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis iris","(Oustalet, 1879)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 3 p.85","Emerald Starling","Emerald Starling","Emerald Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill wooded savanna from southern Guinea and northern Sierra Leone eastward to central Ivory Coast; seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710642","emesta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emesta1","avibase-86BC7EC3",null,null,"Los Islands, Portuguese Guinea [ = , probably, interior of French Guinea].","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Merle Bronzé (Coccycolius iris).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98732#page/92/mode/1up","Coccycolius iris"],["26484","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalybaeus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.y p.47,pl.10","Greater Blue-eared Starling","Greater Blue-eared Starling","Greater Blue-eared Starling",null,null,"dry savanna of lowlands to plateau of Sahel zone from southern Mauritania eastward to Eritrea, southward through eastern Africa, thence southward to northeastern South Africa and Eswatini and westward to southern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710689","gbesta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbesta1","avibase-7DDB347E",null,null,"Ambukol, Dongola district, Sudan. (This locality is somewhat north of the usual range of the species and the type, an immature, was presumably a straggler from farther south.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/57/mode/1up","Lamprotornis chalybaeus"],["26485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalybaeus chalybaeus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.y p.47,pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to eastern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFFFFAC1",null,null,"Ambukol, Dongola district, Sudan. (This locality is somewhat north of the usual range of the species and the type, an immature, was presumably a straggler from farther south.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/57/mode/1up","Lamprotornis chalybaeus"],["26486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalybaeus cyaniventris","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.3 p.255-256",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and Ethiopia to western Kenya and eastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA801602",null,null,"Ethiopia.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for April Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/299/mode/1up","Lamprotornis cyaniventris"],["26487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalybaeus sycobius","(Hartlaub, 1859)","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.37 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Uganda to southeastern Kenya, Tanzania, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B24F32D",null,null,"Tete, Mozambique.","Monographische Uebersicht der Glanzstaare (Lamprotornithinae) Africa's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/29/mode/1up","L[amprocolius] sycobius"],["26488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalybaeus nordmanni","(Hartert & Neumann, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Zimbabwe, southern Zambia, Botswana, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BA72A1B",null,null,"Huilla, Mossamedes [=Moçâmedes, Angola].","Neue afrikanische Arten und Unterarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/23/mode/1up","Lamprocolius sycobius nordmanni"],["26489","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis purpureus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.143","Purple Starling","Purple Starling","Purple Starling",null,null,"savanna and scrub including around villages from lowlands to hills from far southern Mauritania and western Senegal, and in southern Ghana, eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710668","pugsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pugsta1","avibase-6A0BA87A",null,null,"Juida [= Dahomey, West Africa].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/163/mode/1up","Turdus purpureus"],["26490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis purpureus purpureus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84E6D14A",null,null,"Juida [= Dahomey, West Africa].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/163/mode/1up","Turdus purpureus"],["26491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis purpureus amethystinus","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.21-22",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF77AF00",null,null,"Bahr el Abiad [= Upper White Nile].","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/33/mode/1up","L[amprocolius] amethystinus"],["26492","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis nitens","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.294","Cape Starling","Cape Starling","Cape Starling",null,null,"lowland to submontane wooded savanna woodland, riverine woodland, forest edge, plantations, parks and gardens, from far western Democratic Republic of the Congo and western and southern Angola, and eastward to southern Zambia, and southward to South Africa (except southwest) and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710675","capgls1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capgls1","avibase-57BBB7F1",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/298/mode/1up","Turdus nitens"],["26493","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalcurus","Nordmann, 1835","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.8","Bronze-tailed Starling","Bronze-tailed Starling","Bronze-tailed Starling",null,null,"savanna and scrub including around villages from lowlands to hills from western Senegal southward to Sierra Leone, and in southern Ghana, and eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710682","btgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btgsta1","avibase-AEEED5D0",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false","Lamprotornis chalcura"],["26494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalcurus chalcurus","Nordmann, 1835","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Guinea Bissau to northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15607A12",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false","Lamprotornis chalcura"],["26495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis chalcurus emini","(Neumann, 1920)","Journal für Ornithologie 68, no.1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon to southwestern Sudan, South Sudan, far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and far western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3B6A92E",null,null,"Fatiko, oberer weifser Nile, Africa","Neue Gattungen und Unterarten1) afrikanischer Vögel","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43506#page/91/mode/1up","Lamprocolius chalcurus emini"],["26496","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis regius","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.108","Golden-breasted Starling","Golden-breasted Starling","Golden-breasted Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill savanna, thornscrub, and dry brushy grassland, from eastern and southern Ethiopia and Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710817","gobsta5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobsta5","avibase-EE674721",null,null,"Massa, Tana River, Kenya.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Cosmopsarus regius"],["26497","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis ornatus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.309","Principe Starling","Principe Starling","Principe Starling",null,null,"Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710723","prgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prgsta1","avibase-A7EA21CA",null,null,"Locality unknown = Principe Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/345/mode/1up","Sturnus ornatus"],["26498","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis splendidus","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.653","Splendid Starling","Splendid Starling","Splendid Starling",null,null,"forest and edge to cultivation of lowlands to hills from Senegal eastward to southwestern Ethiopia and southward to Angola and Zambia; also Bioko and irregularly Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710716","spgsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spgsta1","avibase-18B10CF9",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/261/mode/1up","T[urdus] splendidus"],["26499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis splendidus chrysonotis","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52C98FCD",null,null,"West Africa","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/173/mode/1up","Lamprotornis chrysonotis"],["26500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis splendidus splendidus","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.653",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Benin to northwestern Angola, Ethiopia, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0610A2BA",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/261/mode/1up","T[urdus] splendidus"],["26501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis splendidus lessoni","(Pucheran, 1858)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.10 p.259,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A306A690",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Observations d'ornithologie (Voir 1858, p. 196.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19550#page/263/mode/1up","Juida Lessoni"],["26502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis splendidus bailundensis","(Neumann, 1920)","Journal für Ornithologie 68, no.1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola to Zambia and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5654FB02",null,null,"N'gungo, Bailundu Land, Angola.","Neue Gattungen und Unterarten afrikanischer Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43506#page/91/mode/1up","Lamprocolius splendidus bailundensis"],["26503","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis bicolor","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.835","Pied Starling","African Pied Starling","African Pied Starling",null,null,"lowland to montane grassland, grazed pasture, cultivation, and villages, in South Africa, Lesotho, and western Eswatini; dispersants reach adjacent Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710808","afpsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afpsta1","avibase-C244BE28",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/336/mode/1up","Turdus bicolor"],["26504","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis pulcher","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.139","Chestnut-bellied Starling","Chestnut-bellied Starling","Chestnut-bellied Starling",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry savanna, thornscrub, brushy steppe, cultivation, and villages, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to central Sudan and Eritrea; nomadic dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710771","chbsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbsta1","avibase-B92C3566",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/159/mode/1up","Turdus pulcher"],["26505","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis superbus","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.65,75 pl.26","Superb Starling","Superb Starling","Superb Starling",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, arid brushy savanna; lakeshore woodland, cultivation, parks and gardens, from South Sudan eastward to Somalia, and southward through eastern Uganda and Kenya to south-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710767","supsta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/supsta1","avibase-405CCAAE",null,null,"Shoa, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/79/mode/1up","Lamprotornis superbus"],["26506","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis fischeri","(Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.54","Fischer's Starling","Fischer's Starling","Fischer's Starling",null,null,"lowland to submontane dry open thornscrub, and wooded savanna, from southern Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710804","fissta1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fissta1","avibase-4FF4CAF8",null,null,"Plains near Pare Mts., Moshi District, south of Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/66/mode/1up","Notauges Fischeri"],["26507","species","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis albicapillus","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.4 p.301","White-crowned Starling","White-crowned Starling","White-crowned Starling",null,null,"acacia woodland and pastures in lowlands to hills from Djibouti and north-central Ethiopia eastward through Somalia and northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710813","whcsta3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcsta3","avibase-A77D4A77",null,null,"Somaliland.","Report on a Zoological collection from the Somáli country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/345/mode/1up","Spreo albicapillus"],["26508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis albicapillus albicapillus","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.4 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and Somalia to Djibouti and far northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B89C78A3",null,null,"Somaliland.","Report on a Zoological collection from the Somáli country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/345/mode/1up","Spreo albicapillus"],["26509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Sturnidae","Rhabdornises, Starlings, and Mynas","Lamprotornis albicapillus horrensis","(Keith, 1964)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 84 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya (northern edge of Dida Galgulu Desert northward to Ethiopian border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AC99ED9",null,null,"North Horr, north west Kenya; 1st November 1962 by Stuart Keith","A new subspecies of Spreo albicapillus (Blyth) from Kenya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126839#page/216/mode/1up","Spreo albicapillus horrensis"],["26510","family","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclidae",null,null,"Dippers","Dippers","Dippers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cincli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cincli1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["26511","genus","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus","Borkhausen, 1797","Deutsche Fauna, oder kurzgefasste Naturgeschichte der Thiere Deutschlands. Erster Theil. Säugthiere und Vögel 1 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cinclus hydrophilus [Borkhausen, 1797]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Sturnus cinclus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,null,"Cinclus"],["26512","species","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus pallasii","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.177","Brown Dipper","Brown Dipper","Brown Dipper",null,null,"mountains of central Asia, Himalayas, and eastward through northeastern Asia to Kamchatka and southward to northern southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708160","brodip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brodip1","avibase-4E5EB987",null,null,"Crimea = Eastern Siberia fide Hartert, 1910.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/305/mode/1up","Cinclus Pallasii"],["26513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus pallasii tenuirostris","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Asia and Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F7A94C7",null,null,"Central Asia ex Gould ms.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/400/mode/1up","Cinclus tenuirostris"],["26514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus pallasii dorjei","Kinnear, 1937","Ibis ser.14, vol.1, no.2 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Sikkim, Assam, eastern Tibet, northern Myanmar, and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CDA24F4",null,null,"Sakden, E. Bhutan, 9,000 feet.","The Birds of Bhutan and adjacent Territories of Sikkim and Tibet. Part II. With notes by N. B. Kinnear.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1937.tb02174.x","Cinclus pallasii dorjei"],["26515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus pallasii pallasii","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Asia, Japan (Hokkaido to Yakushima), eastern and central China, Taiwan, northern Thailand, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29C0C0AD",null,null,"Crimea = Eastern Siberia fide Hartert, 1910.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/305/mode/1up","Cinclus Pallasii"],["26516","species","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168","White-throated Dipper","White-throated Dipper","White-throated Dipper",null,null,"Britain and Scandinavia southward to montane northern Africa, through mountains of central Asia to western Mongolia and Himalayas to central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708156","whtdip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtdip1","avibase-FDECE3B9",null,null,"in Europa = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Sturnus cinclus"],["26517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus hibernicus","Hartert, 1910","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.790",null,null,null,null,null,"Ireland, Outer Hebrides, and western coast of Scotland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDBE77A2",null,null,"County Cork, Ireland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/880/mode/1up","Cinclus cinclus hibernicus"],["26518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus gularis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xl",null,null,null,null,null,"Orkney Islands, central and eastern Scotland, western and central England, and Wales",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7104E50A",null,null,"Penrith, Cumberland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/46/mode/1up","Turdus gularis"],["26519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus cinclus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Fenno-Scandia to southern coast of White Sea and Kaliningrad region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-480193FD",null,null,"in Europa = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Sturnus cinclus"],["26520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus aquaticus","(Bechstein, 1797)","Getreue Abbildungen naturhistorischer Gegenstände in Hinsicht auf dessen gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes 2, heft 3 p.47, pl.30",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Europe to Balkan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26A1E48B",null,null,"in Europa = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181719#page/99/mode/1up","Accentor aquaticus"],["26521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus olympicus","Madarász, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 no.1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Cyprus; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-42042F1B",null,null,"Trodos Mts., Cyprus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/24/mode/1up","Cinclus olympicus"],["26522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus minor","Tristram, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DCC044D",null,null,"Mount Atlas, Algeria; Algiers, near Blida, fide Hartert.","Notes on some Old-World species of Passerine Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/519/mode/1up","Cinclus minor"],["26523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus rufiventris","Tristram, 1884","The survey of western Palestine. The fauna and flora of Palestine p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Lebanon and western Syria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE24DB39",null,null,"'Litany River and the Lebanon'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31997#page/97/mode/1up","Cinclus rufiventris"],["26524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus uralensis","Serebrovski, 1927","Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 20 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"Ural Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C236A45",null,null,"Pismianka River, Ufa Government, southern Ural Mts.","New races of Palearctic birds.",null,"Cinclus cinclus uralensis"],["26525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus caucasicus","Madarász, 1903","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1 p.560",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Türkiye and Caucasus Mountains to northwestern Iran; winters to Iraq and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC09FA2E",null,null,"North Caucasus.","Drei neue Palaearktische Vogelarten.","http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1903_Vol_1_559.pdf","Cinclus caucasicus"],["26526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus persicus","Witherby, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Iran (Zagros Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68D3F204",null,null,"mountains near Mai Amir, 6,000 ft., S.W. Persia.","On a new species of Dipper from S.W. Persia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/97/mode/1up","Cinclus cinclus persicus"],["26527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus leucogaster","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Russia and northwestern China southward to northwestern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6E4511A",null,null,"western Siberia (ex Eversmann).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/400/mode/1up","Cinclus leucogaster"],["26528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus baicalensis","Dresser, 1892","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.15 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F612E2F",null,null,"Lake Baikal, Siberia","Remarks on the palearctic White-breasted Dippers","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/417/mode/1up","[Cinclus leucogaster] baicalensis"],["26529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus cashmeriensis","Gould, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.494",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (western Kashmir to Sikkim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA115629",null,null,"Kashmir.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/608/mode/1up","Cinclus cashmeriensis"],["26530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus cinclus przewalskii","Bianchi, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Tibet and western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A169A15",null,null,"Den-chu [Dre-chu], Upper Yangtze.","On a new species of Dipper.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/703/mode/1up","Cinclus przewalskii"],["26531","species","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus mexicanus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368","American Dipper","American Dipper","American Dipper",null,null,"fast-flowing streams from Alaska except north slope and including eastern Aleutians eastward through western Alberta, southward in east through Colorado and western South Dakota, southward in west to southern California, thence on Pacific slope through mountains from Nayarit, thence both slopes and transvolcanic belt southward to south-central Oaxaca, thence southern Chiapas through northern Nicaragua, disjunctly northwestern Costa Rica to western Panama; northern populations move to ice-free larger rivers",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708163","amedip","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amedip","avibase-A5EC8BF5",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Cinclus mexicanus"],["26532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus mexicanus unicolor","Bonaparte, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.9 p.52,53",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Aleutians to Alaska, western Canada, and western USA; winters downslope and often southward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85E1D978",null,null,"Athepescow Lake = near source of Athebasca River, fide Hellmayr.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/80/mode/1up","Cinclus unicolor"],["26533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus mexicanus mexicanus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern and central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E84D7206",null,null,"Temascaltepec, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Cinclus mexicanus"],["26534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus mexicanus anthonyi","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C8A382E",null,null,"45 miles east of Nenton, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Cinclus mexicanus anthonyi"],["26535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus mexicanus dickermani","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.7 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Oaxaca (southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3BBFC3D",null,null,"Río Molino and its head near San Miguel Suchixtepec","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/172/mode/1up","Cinclus mexicanus dickermani"],["26536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus mexicanus ardesiacus","Salvin, 1867","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.121, pl. II",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A209ECB",null,null,"Cordillera de Tole, Veragua.","On the Genus Cinclus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/143/mode/1up","Cinclus ardesiacus"],["26537","species","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus schulzii","Cabanis, 1882","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.182,183","Rufous-throated Dipper","Rufous-throated Dipper","Rufous-throated Dipper",null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia (Chuquisaca and Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (southward to Catamarca and Tucumán)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708169","rutdip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutdip1","avibase-2135780F",null,null,"Cerro Bayo, Tucumán.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Cinclus Schulzii"],["26538","species","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus leucocephalus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.279","White-capped Dipper","White-capped Dipper","White-capped Dipper",null,null,"fast-flowing rivers in mountains from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northeastern Colombia, Sierra de Perijá on northern Colombia/Venezuela border, and Venezuelan Andes southward in Andes through central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708166","whcdip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcdip1","avibase-DE849BDB",null,null,"Department of Junín, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/287/mode/1up","Cinclus leucocephalus"],["26539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus leucocephalus rivularis","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-946826E6",null,null,"Chirua (7,000 feet), Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/135/mode/1up","Cinclus rivularis"],["26540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus leucocephalus leuconotus","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Colombia to western Venezuela and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39012D0D",null,null,"Nova Grenada = Bogotá, fide Hellmayr.","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/286/mode/1up","Cinclus leuconotus"],["26541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cinclidae","Dippers","Cinclus leucocephalus leucocephalus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.279",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Peru and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D93B30",null,null,"Department of Junín, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/287/mode/1up","Cinclus leucocephalus"],["26542","family","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdidae",null,null,"Thrushes and allies","Thrushes and Allies","Thrushes",null,null,null,null,null,null,"turdid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turdid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["26543","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Grandala","Hodgson, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.138 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Grandala coelicolor [Hodgson, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/511/mode/1up","Grandala"],["26544","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Grandala coelicolor","Hodgson, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.1, no.138 p.447","Grandala","Grandala","Grandala",null,null,"alpine meadows of Kashmir to southeastern Tibet, Myanmar, and western China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710120","granda1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/granda1","avibase-493D380B",null,null,"Nepal.","Additions to the Catalogue of Nepâl Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123801#page/511/mode/1up","Gr[andala] côelicolar"],["26545","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sialia azurea [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Motacilla sialis Linnaeus, 1758",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/385/mode/1up","Sialia"],["26546","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia mexicana","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.202","Western Bluebird","Western Bluebird","Western Bluebird",null,null,"disjunct open deciduous, coniferous, and riparian woodland from southern interior British Columbia and western Alberta (southwestern Canada) southward across interior western USA and coastal California to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), and in south-central USA from far southern Wyoming southward to Puebla and Veracruz (central Mexico); some winter wandering, with most withdrawing from north of range in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708553","wesblu","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesblu","avibase-AC2B812A",null,null,"tableland of Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/308/mode/1up","Sialia Mexicana"],["26547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia mexicana occidentalis","Townsend, 1837","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-688713B5",null,null,"plains of the Columbia River [= Fort Vancouver, Washington].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/226/mode/1up","S[ialia] occidentalis"],["26548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia mexicana bairdi","Ridgway, 1894","The Auk 11, no.2 p.151, 157",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua); winters lower elevations in breeding range and to southeastern California, central Texas, and eastern Sonora (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EF45AE3",null,null,"Camp 110, New Mexico [= Cactus Pass, 20 miles east of Kingman, Mohave County, Arizona] .","On geographical variation in Sialia mexicana Swainson.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol11/iss2/8/","Sialia mexicana bairdi"],["26549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia mexicana jacoti","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central USA and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09EC40DD",null,null,"Davis Mountains, Southwestern Texas",null,null,"Sialia mexicana jacoti"],["26550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia mexicana amabilis","Moore, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico (southern Chihuahua to Zacatecas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-923AC589",null,null,"Nievero, 4 miles west of Ciudad Durango, Mexico.","New races of the genera Sialia and Carpodacus from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/147/mode/1up","Sialia mexicana amabile"],["26551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia mexicana nelsoni","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3788BE9",null,null,"E Tanque de Emergencias [= ca, 42 km S Saltillo], southern Coahuila",null,null,"Sialia mexicana nelsoni"],["26552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia mexicana mexicana","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2835E88F",null,null,"tableland of Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/308/mode/1up","Sialia Mexicana"],["26553","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia currucoides","(Bechstein, 1798)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 3, th.2 p.546 pl.121","Mountain Bluebird","Mountain Bluebird","Mountain Bluebird",null,null,"breeds western North America (Alaska to central Mexico); winters to Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708556","moublu","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moublu","avibase-97B870B4",null,null,"Virginien [= western America].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234912#page/324/mode/1up","Motacilla s. Sylvia Currucoides"],["26554","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187","Eastern Bluebird","Eastern Bluebird","Eastern Bluebird",null,null,"disjunctly in varied habitats from orchards to pine savanna, from eastern Saskatchewan eastward to Nova Scotia (south-central to southeastern Canada), southward in east-central and eastern USA to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida, Bermuda, and mountains from southern Arizona and Mexico to northeastern Nicaragua; some winter withdrawal from far north of range",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708550","easblu","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easblu","avibase-A8347C7D",null,null,"in Bermudis & America calidiore [= South Carolina].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla Sialis"],["26555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis sialis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in eastern North America, from southern Canada to northeastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas); winters from eastern USA to northern Mexico, rarely to Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B25ADF7D",null,null,"in Bermudis & America calidiore [= South Carolina].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla Sialis"],["26556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis bermudensis","Verrill, 1901","The American Journal of Science and Arts ser.4, vol.12 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Bermuda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A25CA389",null,null,"Bermuda",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124415#page/79/mode/1up","Sialia sialis bermudensis"],["26557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis nidificans","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southwestern Tamaulipas to central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C19EA23",null,null,"18 km east of Ciudad Maiz, NE Edo. San Luis Potosí [Mexico]",null,null,"Sialia sialis nidificans"],["26558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis fulva","Brewster, 1885","The Auk 2, no.1 p.85,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of south-central Arizona to southern Mexico (Guerrero); winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9542E08",null,null,"Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.","Preliminary notes on some birds obtained in Arizona by Mr. F. Stephens in 1884.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol2/iss1/15/","Sialia sialis fulva"],["26559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis guatemalae","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.259 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60491395",null,null,"highlands of Guatemala and Honduras,",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/33/mode/1up","Sialia sialis guatemalae"],["26560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis meridionalis","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1930","The Condor 32, no.1 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"northern El Salvador, central and western Honduras, and north-central Nicaragua; birds from western Belize probably also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37D21633",null,null,"Los Esesmiles, Chalatenango, El Salvador.","A new Bluebird from El Salvador.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol32/iss1/18/","Sialia sialis meridionalis"],["26561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Sialia sialis caribaea","Howell, 1965","The Auk 82, no.3 p.453, fig.",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E184B4F",null,null,"4 miles NW of Leicus Creek (36 mi. NW of Puerto Cabezas), elev. about 65 m (200 ft), Comarca de El Cabo, Nicaragua","New subspecies of birds from the lowland pine savanna of northeastern Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol82/iss3/5/","Sialia sialis caribaea"],["26562","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Pinarornis","Sharpe, 1876","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pinarornis plumosus [Sharpe, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Pinarornis"],["26563","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Pinarornis plumosus","Sharpe, 1876","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2, Pt3 p.230","Boulder Chat","Boulder Chat","Boulder Chat",null,null,"patchy on foothill slopes with boulders and scattered trees, and steep rocky dry streambeds, in eastern Zambia, southern Malawi, and northwestern Mozambique, and southward to southern Zimbabwe, adjacent Botswana, and far northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710478","boucha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boucha1","avibase-ECCFBEB5",null,null,"Victoria Falls [errore = Matopos Hills, Matabeleland, vide Irwin, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 77, pp. 9-10].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/280/mode/1up","Pinarornis plumosus"],["26564","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Stizorhina","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa fraseri [Strickland, 1844]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/223/mode/1up","Stizorhina"],["26565","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Stizorhina finschi","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.53 pl.2 fig.2","Finsch's Rufous Thrush","Finsch's Flycatcher-Thrush","Finsch's Flycatcher-thrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill dense understory of primary and secondary forest, and swamp forest, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southwestern Nigeria",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879069","fifthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fifthr1","avibase-6DD922F2",null,null,"Fantee.","On a Fourth Collection of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/75/mode/1up","Cassinia finschii"],["26566","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Stizorhina fraseri","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.101","Fraser's Rufous Thrush","Rufous Flycatcher-Thrush","Rufous Flycatcher-thrush",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary and old secondary forest from southeastern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to southern South Sudan and Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103878959","rufthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufthr1","avibase-031AC7C9",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/113/mode/1up","Muscicapa Fraseri"],["26567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Stizorhina fraseri fraseri","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0789AEC8",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/113/mode/1up","Muscicapa Fraseri"],["26568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Stizorhina fraseri rubicunda","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.12, no.2 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria eastward to Central African Republic, southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11D2B613",null,null,"Les fleuves Musis et Camma, à l'intérieur du Gabon.","Sur un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19433#page/86/mode/1up","C[assinia] rubicunda"],["26569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Stizorhina fraseri vulpina","Reichenow, 1902","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A8A056E",null,null,"Bundeko, Sembiki Valley.","[Einen neuen Fliegenfänger Stizorhina vulpina sp. n.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/135/mode/1up","Stizorhina vulpina"],["26570","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Neocossyphus","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pseudocossyphus rufus [G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Neocossyphus"],["26571","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Neocossyphus poensis","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.100","White-tailed Ant Thrush","White-tailed Ant-Thrush","White-tailed Ant-thrush",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary forest understory from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Uganda and western Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708195","wtathr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtathr1","avibase-0BD37CDF",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/112/mode/1up","Cossypha poensis"],["26572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Neocossyphus poensis poensis","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Gabon, and southern Republic of the Congo; Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E80FB093",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/112/mode/1up","Cossypha poensis"],["26573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Neocossyphus poensis praepectoralis","Jackson, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"western Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Angola eastward to western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB175C9A",null,null,"Kibera, Toro.","On new species from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/116/mode/1up","Neocossyphus praepectoralis"],["26574","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Neocossyphus rufus","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.58","Red-tailed Ant Thrush","Red-tailed Ant-Thrush","Red-tailed Ant-thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill primary forest understory, and coastal forest, from Cameroon and Central African Republic eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda, and southward to Gabon and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in coastal eastern Kenya southward to eastern Tanzania and Unguja (in Zanzibar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708188","rtathr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtathr1","avibase-90FDC4CC",null,null,"Pangani.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/70/mode/1up","Pseudocossyphus rufus"],["26575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Neocossyphus rufus gabunensis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Cameroon to Gabon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8F3D1C5",null,null,"Ohumbe, Lake Onange, Ogowe River.","Description of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/103/mode/1up","Neocossyphus rufus gabunensis"],["26576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Neocossyphus rufus rufus","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Kenya to northern Tanzania (Tana River to Mikindani); Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6348DE74",null,null,"Pangani.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/70/mode/1up","Pseudocossyphus rufus"],["26577","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes","Swainson, 1838","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.132",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myadestes genibarbis [Swainson, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,"The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/172/mode/1up","Myadestes"],["26578","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes townsendi","(Audubon, 1838)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.84 pl.419, fig.2","Townsend's Solitaire","Townsend's Solitaire","Townsend's Solitaire",null,null,"breeds in varied montane humid coniferous forest types from central Alaska eastward to western Northwest Territories (northwestern Canada) southward to southern California, New Mexico, and Zacatecas and Jalisco (central Mexico), and eastward to western South Dakota; winters to lowlands from southwestern Canada southward to northern Baja California, northern Durango, and southern Coahuila (northern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708587","towsol","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/towsol","avibase-5459228D",null,null,"Columbia River [= near Astoria, Oregon, vide Amer. Orn. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 359].",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/430/","Ptiliogony's Townsendi"],["26579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes townsendi townsendi","(Audubon, 1838)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.84 pl.419, fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska to western USA, Baja California, and northwestern Mexico; winters from southern Canada southward to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6446A885",null,null,"Columbia River [= near Astoria, Oregon, vide Amer. Orn. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 359].",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/430/","Ptiliogony's Townsendi"],["26580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes townsendi calophonus","Moore, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50, no.55 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico (southern Chihuahua to Durango, Jalisco, and Zacatecas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A6BF7AA",null,null,"within 1,000 feet of summit of Mt. Mohinora, southwest Chihuahua, Mexico.","New races of Myadestes, Spizella and Turdus from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/231/mode/1up","Myadestes townsendi calophonus"],["26581","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes ralloides","(d'Orbigny, 1840)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 48, Oiseaux p.322","Andean Solitaire","Andean Solitaire","Andean Solitaire",null,null,"montane forest and edge of Sierra de Perijá on northern Colombia-Venezuela border, coastal ranges, and Andes of Venezuela southward through central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708605","andsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andsol1","avibase-8FE62CA5",null,null,"Chulumani, Prov. Yungas, east side of the Cordillera, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/338/mode/1up","Muscipeta ralloides"],["26582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes ralloides plumbeiceps","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.4 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F326F21",null,null,"Siato, Río Siato, near Pueblo Rico, Chocó, western Colombia.","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/39/mode/1up","Myadestes ralloides plumbeiceps"],["26583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes ralloides candelae","Meyer de Schauensee, 1947","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 99 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Colombia (Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFAF57E5",null,null,"La Candela, Huila, Colombia.","New or little-known Colombian birds.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064369","Myadestes ralloides candelae"],["26584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes ralloides venezuelensis","Sclater, 1856","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.468-469",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0415874",null,null,"vicinity of Caracas, Venezuela.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/510/mode/1up","Myiadestes venezuelensis"],["26585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes ralloides ralloides","(d'Orbigny, 1840)","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 48, Oiseaux p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (La Libertad and Huánuco) to northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DE236B3",null,null,"Chulumani, Prov. Yungas, east side of the Cordillera, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/338/mode/1up","Muscipeta ralloides"],["26586","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes melanops","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.580 pl.36","Black-faced Solitaire","Black-faced Solitaire","Black-faced Solitaire",null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (east to Veraguas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708599","blfsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfsol1","avibase-F76226A8",null,null,"Tucurrique, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/676/mode/1up","Myiadestes melanops"],["26587","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes coloratus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.23","Varied Solitaire","Varied Solitaire","Varied Solitaire",null,null,"highlands of far eastern Panama (Darién) and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708602","varsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varsol1","avibase-6EFA5695",null,null,"Mount Pirri, near head of Río Limon, eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/65/mode/1up","Myadestes coloratus"],["26588","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes unicolor","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.319 p.299","Slate-colored Solitaire","Slate-colored Solitaire","Slate-colored Solitaire",null,null,"humid montane forest from southeastern San Luis Potosí and Hidalgo (southern Mexico) southward to north-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708608","slcsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcsol1","avibase-E294A36A",null,null,"Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/361/mode/1up","Myiadestes unicolor"],["26589","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes occidentalis","Stejneger, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4 p.371,372","Brown-backed Solitaire","Brown-backed Solitaire","Brown-backed Solitaire",null,null,"forest in hills and mountains from east-central Sonora and central Nuevo León to central Honduras; also Tres Marias Islands (west of Nayarit)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708590","brbsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbsol1","avibase-E4DF8DBE",null,null,"Tonila, Jalisco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/389/mode/1up","Myadestes obscurus var. occidentalis"],["26590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes occidentalis occidentalis","Stejneger, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4 p.371,372",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (Sonora southward to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18F4AEC3",null,null,"Tonila, Jalisco.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/389/mode/1up","Myadestes obscurus var. occidentalis"],["26591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes occidentalis insularis","Stejneger, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.239 p.371, 373",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-385E0A4E",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/389/mode/1up","Myadestes obscurus var. insularis"],["26592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes occidentalis oberholseri","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains from northeastern Mexico southward to Guatemala, El Salvador, and central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FC2A155",null,null,"Volcán de San Rafael, El Salvador.","Four new Birds from Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/159/mode/1up","Myadestes obscurus oberholseri"],["26593","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes elisabeth","(Lembeye, 1850)","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.39 pl.5 fig.3","Cuban Solitaire","Cuban Solitaire","Cuban Solitaire",null,null,"hill and montane forest of far western and disjunctly far eastern Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708593","cubsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubsol1","avibase-6FD86A69",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/47/mode/1up","Muscicapa elisabeth"],["26594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes elisabeth elisabeth","(Lembeye, 1850)","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.39 pl.5 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in mountains of Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB23D60A",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/47/mode/1up","Muscicapa elisabeth"],["26595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes elisabeth retrusus","Bangs & Zappey, 1905","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 39 (460) p.208",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Isla de la Juventud; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B950292",null,null,"Pasadita, Isle of Pines.","Birds of the Isle of Pines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135768#page/231/mode/1up","Myadestes elizabeth retrusus"],["26596","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes genibarbis","Swainson, 1838","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.134, pl.13","Rufous-throated Solitaire","Rufous-throated Solitaire","Rufous-throated Solitaire",null,null,"montane forest and edge of Jamaica and Hispaniola, and from Dominica to St. Vincent (central to southern Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708596","rutsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutsol1","avibase-FE142904",null,null,"Africa or India [= Martinique, vide Sclater, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 270].","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/174/mode/1up","Myidestes genibarbis"],["26597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes genibarbis solitarius","Baird, 1866","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.421, 420 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8198ECCB",null,null,"Jamaica [viz. Port Royal Mountains, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 437] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/433/mode/1up","Myiadestes solitarius"],["26598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes genibarbis montanus","Cory, 1881","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48D93669",null,null,"Haiti [= Massif de la Selle].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69165#page/146/mode/1up","Myiadestes montanus"],["26599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes genibarbis dominicanus","Stejneger, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.260 p.22, pl. 2, fig. 5",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Dominica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8EF30C7",null,null,"Dominica, Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/42/mode/1up","Myadestes dominicanus"],["26600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes genibarbis genibarbis","Swainson, 1838","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.134, pl.13",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Martinique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E05F9FF",null,null,"Africa or India [= Martinique, vide Sclater, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 270].","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/174/mode/1up","Myidestes genibarbis"],["26601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes genibarbis sanctaeluciae","Stejneger, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.260 p.20, pl. 2, fig. 4",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of St. Lucia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5BEE973",null,null,"Santa Lucia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/40/mode/1up","Myadestes sanctae-luciae"],["26602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes genibarbis sibilans","Lawrence, 1878","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 (1-2), (December) p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of St. Vincent (rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA630824",null,null,"St. Vincent.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/191/mode/1up","Myiadestes sibilans"],["26603","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes palmeri","(Rothschild, 1893)","The avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands: with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions p.67","Puaiohi","Puaiohi","Puaiohi",null,null,"Kauai (Alakai Swamp)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708583","puaioh","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puaioh","avibase-62B955D3",null,null,"Halemanu, Kauai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/150878#page/141/mode/1up","Phaeornis palmeri"],["26604","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes myadestinus","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.609 p.90","Kamao","Kamao","Kamao",null,null,"formerly Kauai (Alakai Swamp); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708559","kamao","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kamao","avibase-2641F161",null,null,"Kauai Island, Hawaiian Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/104/mode/1up","Phaeornis myadestina"],["26605","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes obscurus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.945","Omao","Omao","Omao",null,null,"highlands of Hawaii",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708579","omao","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/omao","avibase-A1C41A3F",null,null,"Sandwich Islands.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/446/mode/1up","[Muscicapa] obscura"],["26606","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes woahensis","(Bloxam, 1899)","Aves Hawaiienses: The Birds of the Sandwich Islands p.xiii","Amaui","Amaui","Amaui","2025-0064","Taxon <em>woahensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myadestes lanaiensis</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes considered conspecific (Olson 1996), but the justification for lumping them is considered premature based on biogeographic considerations, and pending the outcome of genetic work in progress.","formerly Oahu; extinct, last reported 1825","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708564","amaui","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amaui","avibase-09CC6AEA",null,null,"Oahu",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128928#page/27/mode/1up","Phaeornis oahensis"],["26607","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes lanaiensis","(Wilson, 1891)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7, no.41 p.460","Olomao","Olomao","Olomao","2025-0064","Taxon <em>woahensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Myadestes lanaiensis</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes considered conspecific (Olson 1996), but the justification for lumping them is considered premature based on biogeographic considerations, and pending the outcome of genetic work in progress.","montane forest of Molokai and formerly Lanai; perhaps extinct","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708574","olomao","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olomao","avibase-C52EFB11",null,null,"Lanai.","LI. Descriptions of two new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/496/mode/1up","Phaeornis lanaiensis"],["26608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes lanaiensis lanaiensis","(Wilson, 1891)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7, no.41 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lanai; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-762B1402",null,null,"Lanai.","LI. Descriptions of two new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/496/mode/1up","Phaeornis lanaiensis"],["26609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Myadestes lanaiensis rutha","(Bryan, 1908)","Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 4 p.43, 81",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Molokai (Mount Olokui); perhaps extinct","Possibly Extinct",null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DAA0E34",null,null,"Kilohana Mountain, Punalu Mountain, Halawa, Molokai.","Some birds of Molokai.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31460#page/193/mode/1up","Phaeornis rutha"],["26610","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera","Vigors, 1832","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.16 text to pl.22",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Zoothera monticola [Vigors, 1832]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/105/mode/1up","Zoothera"],["26611","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera terrestris","(Kittlitz, 1830)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1(1831) p.244 pl.17","Bonin Thrush","Bonin Thrush","Bonin Thrush",null,null,"formerly Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands; extinct, last reported 1889","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708535","bonthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bonthr2","avibase-A183D8C2",null,null,"Bonin Island.",null,null,"Turdus terrestris"],["26612","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera dixoni","(Seebohm, 1881)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.161","Long-tailed Thrush","Long-tailed Thrush","Long-tailed Thrush",null,null,"breeds Himalayas to southwestern China and southeastern Tibet; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708487","lotthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotthr1","avibase-37CC6F0D",null,null,"Himalayas, (specimens from) Nepal (and) Darjeeling.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/183/mode/1up","Geocichla dixoni"],["26613","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera mollissima","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.188","Alpine Thrush","Alpine Thrush","Alpine Thrush",null,null,"breeds in the Himalayas from northern Pakistan to southeastern Tibet and south-central China (Sichuan); winters at lower elevations, southward to Yunnan (China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879258","alpthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alpthr1","avibase-CE0D5641",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/222/mode/1up","T[urdus] mollissimus"],["26614","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera griseiceps","(Delacour, 1930)","Ibis ser.12, vol.6, no.4 p.581","Sichuan Thrush","Sichuan Thrush","Sichuan Forest Thrush",null,null,"breeds south-central China (central Sichuan); winter range poorly known, but reported from northern Vietnam (Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879271","sicthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sicthr1","avibase-A328C3EC",null,null,"Chapa.","On the Birds collected during the Fifth Expedition to French Indo-China.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1930.tb02967.x","Oreocincla griseiceps"],["26615","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera salimalii","Alström, Rasmussen, Zhao et al., 2016","Avian Research 7, no.1 1-39","Himalayan Thrush","Himalayan Thrush","Himalayan Forest Thrush",null,null,"breeds in the eastern Himalayas from eastern Nepal to south-central China (Sichuan and Yunnan); winter range poorly known, but reported from northeastern India to northern Vietnam (Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879287","himthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himthr1","avibase-1BF62F08",null,null,"Mawphlang, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India.","Integrative taxonomy of the Plain-backed Thrush (Zoothera mollissima) complex (Aves, Turdidae) reveals cryptic species, including a new species","https://avianres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40657-016-0037-2","Zoothera salimalii"],["26616","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera heinrichi","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.11","Geomalia","Geomalia","Geomalia",null,null,"mountains of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708339","geomal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/geomal1","avibase-6E50C3FA",null,null,"Mount Latimodjong, 2,800 m., Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. I. Zur Ornithologie des Latimodjong-Gebirges im südlichen Central-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0007-0014.pdf#page=5","Geomalia heinrichi"],["26617","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera everetti","(Sharpe, 1892)","Ibis ser.6, vol.4, no.14 p.323","Everett's Thrush","Everett's Thrush","Everett's Thrush",null,null,"high mountains of northern Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708378","evethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/evethr1","avibase-5CA42489",null,null,"Mount Dulit, northwest Borneo.","Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. C. Hose on Mount Dulit in N.W. Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54799#page/355/mode/1up","Geocichla everetti"],["26618","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera marginata","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.141","Dark-sided Thrush","Dark-sided Thrush","Dark-sided Thrush",null,null,"Nepal to northern India, southwestern China, Myanmar, Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708532","dasthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dasthr1","avibase-6A3FCF48",null,null,"Arakan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/173/mode/1up","Z[oothera] marginata"],["26619","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera monticola","Vigors, 1832","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.16 text to pl.22","Long-billed Thrush","Long-billed Thrush","Long-billed Thrush",null,null,"Himalayas of northern India to northeastern Myanmar, and northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708529","lobthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobthr1","avibase-F13C1733",null,null,"Himalayan Mountains [= Simla- Almora area, vide Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 472].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/105/mode/1up","Zoothera monticola"],["26620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera monticola monticola","Vigors, 1832","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.16 text to pl.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of northern India to Nepal and northeastern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC2DD004",null,null,"Himalayan Mountains [= Simla- Almora area, vide Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 472].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/105/mode/1up","Zoothera monticola"],["26621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera monticola atrata","Delacour & Greenway, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19795172",null,null,"Chapa, 5,000 ft., Tonkin.","Seven new Races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/161/mode/1up","Zoothera monticola atrata"],["26622","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera imbricata","Layard, 1854","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.75 p.212-213","Sri Lanka Thrush","Sri Lanka Thrush",null,"2025-0104","The <em>Zoothera dauma sensu lato </em>complex is treated as five species based on a combination of morphology, vocalizations (Weir 2018), and biogeography: <em>Z. dauma</em> (polytypic, including <em>iriomotensis </em>and <em>horsfieldi</em>); <em>Z. aurea</em> (polytypic, including <em>toratugumi</em>); <em>Z. neilgherriensis; Z. imbricata</em>; and <em>Z. major</em>. Analyses of fragmentary genetic data (Klicka et al. 2005; Sangster et al. 2010; Price et al. 2014; Robin et al. 2015) indicate the presence of multiple species within this complex but a more comprehensive review including all taxa is required.","highlands of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,"scathr5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scathr5","avibase-BEEAC3EE",null,null,"Ceylon.","XXI. Notes on the Ornithology of Ceylon, collected during an eight years' residence in the Island [Continued from p. 131.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/242/mode/1up","Zoothera imbricata"],["26623","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera aurea","(Holandre, 1825)","Annuaire Statistique et Historique du Departement de la Moselle, pour l'Année 1825, publié par Verronais p.60","White's Thrush","White's Thrush",null,"2025-0104","The <em>Zoothera dauma sensu lato </em>complex is treated as five species based on a combination of morphology, vocalizations (Weir 2018), and biogeography: <em>Z. dauma</em> (polytypic, including <em>iriomotensis </em>and <em>horsfieldi</em>); <em>Z. aurea</em> (polytypic, including <em>toratugumi</em>); <em>Z. neilgherriensis; Z. imbricata</em>; and <em>Z. major</em>. Analyses of fragmentary genetic data (Klicka et al. 2005; Sangster et al. 2010; Price et al. 2014; Robin et al. 2015) indicate the presence of multiple species within this complex but a more comprehensive review including all taxa is required.","foothill to submontane coniferous and mixed forest, deciduous forest with dense understory, and wooded steppe, from western Siberia eastward to Sakhalin, and southward to northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan southward to Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands; migrates to southeastern China, Taiwan, northern Indochina, and northern Philippines",null,null,null,"scathr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scathr2","avibase-8E267A26",null,null,"Metz, eastern France [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Turdus aureus"],["26624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera aurea aurea","(Holandre, 1825)","Annuaire Statistique et Historique du Departement de la Moselle, pour l'Année 1825, publié par Verronais p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia to northeastern China and Korean Peninsula; winters to southern China and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0B80C0D",null,null,"Metz, eastern France [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Turdus aureus"],["26625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera aurea toratugumi","(Momiyama, 1940)","Dobutsugaku Zasshi 52 (11) p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China and Japan southward to Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (where perhaps a recent arrival); winters in Taiwan (including Lan-yü Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA76E8CE",null,null,"Tosa, Shikakii [reference not verified] .","Three new forms of Turdidae (Aves) from the Islands of Japan.",null,"Turdus aureus toratugumi"],["26626","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera neilgherriensis","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.141-142","Nilgiri Thrush","Nilgiri Thrush",null,"2025-0104","The <em>Zoothera dauma sensu lato </em>complex is treated as five species based on a combination of morphology, vocalizations (Weir 2018), and biogeography: <em>Z. dauma</em> (polytypic, including <em>iriomotensis </em>and <em>horsfieldi</em>); <em>Z. aurea</em> (polytypic, including <em>toratugumi</em>); <em>Z. neilgherriensis; Z. imbricata</em>; and <em>Z. major</em>. Analyses of fragmentary genetic data (Klicka et al. 2005; Sangster et al. 2010; Price et al. 2014; Robin et al. 2015) indicate the presence of multiple species within this complex but a more comprehensive review including all taxa is required.","southern Peninsular India (Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu)",null,null,null,"scathr4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scathr4","avibase-99F75999",null,null,"Nilgiris.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/173/mode/1up","O[reocincla] neilgherriensis"],["26627","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera major","(Ogawa, 1905)","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 5 p.178","Amami Thrush","Amami Thrush","Amami Thrush","2025-0104","The <em>Zoothera dauma sensu lato </em>complex is treated as five species based on a combination of morphology, vocalizations (Weir 2018), and biogeography: <em>Z. dauma</em> (polytypic, including <em>iriomotensis </em>and <em>horsfieldi</em>); <em>Z. aurea</em> (polytypic, including <em>toratugumi</em>); <em>Z. neilgherriensis; Z. imbricata</em>; and <em>Z. major</em>. Analyses of fragmentary genetic data (Klicka et al. 2005; Sangster et al. 2010; Price et al. 2014; Robin et al. 2015) indicate the presence of multiple species within this complex but a more comprehensive review including all taxa is required.","Amami Ōshima (northern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708496","scathr6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scathr6","avibase-8BAD426A",null,null,"Amami-O-Shima.","Notes on Mr. Alan Owston's collection of birds from the islands lying between Kinsin and Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/152505#page/200/mode/1up","Geocichla major"],["26628","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera dauma","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.362","Scaly Thrush","Scaly Thrush",null,"2025-0104","The <em>Zoothera dauma sensu lato </em>complex is treated as five species based on a combination of morphology, vocalizations (Weir 2018), and biogeography: <em>Z. dauma</em> (polytypic, including <em>iriomotensis </em>and <em>horsfieldi</em>); <em>Z. aurea</em> (polytypic, including <em>toratugumi</em>); <em>Z. neilgherriensis; Z. imbricata</em>; and <em>Z. major</em>. Analyses of fragmentary genetic data (Klicka et al. 2005; Sangster et al. 2010; Price et al. 2014; Robin et al. 2015) indicate the presence of multiple species within this complex but a more comprehensive review including all taxa is required.","breeds northern Pakistan eastward to northeastern India, southern China, and northern Indochina, also mountains of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa, and Iriomotejima (southern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan); northern populations winter to northern South Asia and continental southeastern Asia",null,null,null,"scathr8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scathr8","avibase-F58200CE",null,null,"India; restricted to Kashmir by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 720.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/384/mode/1up","Turdus Dauma"],["26629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera dauma dauma","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan eastward to northeastern India, southern China, and northern Indochina; winters northern South Asia and continental southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-772FFECE",null,null,"India; restricted to Kashmir by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 720.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/384/mode/1up","Turdus Dauma"],["26630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera dauma horsfieldi","(Bonaparte, 1857)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8693079B",null,null,"Java.","Monographie du genre Turdien Oreocincla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/213/mode/1up","Oreocincla horsfieldi"],["26631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera dauma iriomotensis","Nishiumi & Morioka, 2009","Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, Zoology 35.2 (2009) 113-124.",null,null,null,null,null,"Iriomotejima (southern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan); no recent records",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E00DAA30",null,null,"Ohara, southeastern coast of Iriomotejima, by Kimiyuki Tsuchiya 11 March 1967","A new subspecies of Zoothera dauma (Aves, Turdidae) from Iriomotejima, southern Ryukyus, with comments on Z. d. toratugumi","https://www.kahaku.go.jp/research/publication/zoology/download/35_2/BNMNS_A350204.pdf","Zoothera dauma iriomotensis"],["26632","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera andromedae","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.2 pl.392","Sunda Thrush","Sunda Thrush","Sunda Thrush",null,null,"patchily distributed Philippines to Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708481","sunthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunthr1","avibase-B0B3DA78",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/477/mode/1up","Myiothera andromedae"],["26633","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera margaretae","(Mayr, 1935)","American Museum Novitates no.820 p.4","Makira Thrush","Makira Thrush","Makira Thrush",null,null,"Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708523","sacthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacthr2","avibase-E1D48C52",null,null,"San Cristobal, 1,900 ft., Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 30, Descriptions of twenty-five new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4041/","Turdus margaretae"],["26634","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera turipavae","Cain & Galbraith, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.7 p.92","Guadalcanal Thrush","Guadalcanal Thrush","Guadalcanal Thrush",null,null,"mountains of Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728359","sacthr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacthr3","avibase-72343F64",null,null,"Turipava, 4,100 ft., mountains of Guadalcanal.","Five new subspecies from the mountains of Guadalcanal (British Solomon Islands).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/134/mode/1up","Zoothera margaretae turipavae"],["26635","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera machiki","(Forbes, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.589 pl.52","Fawn-breasted Thrush","Fawn-breasted Thrush","Fawn-breasted Thrush",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena and Larat)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708509","fabthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fabthr1","avibase-485394E0",null,null,"Timor-Laut, Tanimbar Islands.","On a new Species of Thrush from Timor Laut, with remarks on some rare Birds from that Island and from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/729/mode/1up","Geocichla machiki"],["26636","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera lunulata","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlii","Bassian Thrush","Bassian Thrush","Bassian Thrush",null,null,"north-eastern, southeastern, and southern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708512","oltthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oltthr1","avibase-34226B9D",null,null,"Nova Hollandia ; restricted to Sydney by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, suppl. 1, check-list, p. 147.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/48/mode/1up","Turdus lunulata"],["26637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera lunulata cuneata","(De Vis, 1889)","The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 6 p.242-244",null,null,null,null,null,"montane southeastern Cape York Peninsula (northeastern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4D1B262",null,null,"Herberton, north Queensland.","Descriptions of new Birds from Herberton.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148132#page/308/mode/1up","Geocichla cuneata"],["26638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera lunulata lunulata","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlii",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to southwestern Victoria, Tasmania, and King and Flinders islands, in Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-049BEE31",null,null,"Nova Hollandia ; restricted to Sydney by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, suppl. 1, check-list, p. 147.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/48/mode/1up","Turdus lunulata"],["26639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera lunulata halmaturina","(Campbell, 1906)","The Emu 5 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Mount Lofty and southern Flinders Ranges, and Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17366BB6",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","Report on the Birds of Kangaroo Island : a Comparison with Mainland Forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34189#page/232/mode/1up","Geocichla lunulata halmaturina"],["26640","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera heinei","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.6","Russet-tailed Thrush","Russet-tailed Thrush","Russet-tailed Thrush",null,null,"New Guinea to St. Matthias (north-central Bismarck Archipelago), east-central Australia, and Choiseul (north-central Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708516","rutthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutthr1","avibase-6F0AC682",null,null,"Japan [errore = north Australia, Queesland, idem, 1872, Journ. f . Orn., 20, p. 237] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/22/mode/1up","Oreocincla Heinei"],["26641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera heinei papuensis","(Seebohm, 1881)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.158-159, pl. IX",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84C53DCA",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/180/mode/1up","Geocichla papuensis"],["26642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera heinei eichhorni","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAFAC9B0",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Exhibition of some birds from St. Matthias Island and descriptions of some new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/80/mode/1up","Turdus dauma eichhorni"],["26643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera heinei choiseuli","(Hartert, 1924)","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands; known from single 1904 specimen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-908F7B22",null,null,"Choiseul Island.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/369/mode/1up","Turdus dauma choiseuli"],["26644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera heinei heinei","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, Clarke-Connors Range, and Kroombit Tops, Queensland, to Sydney, central New South Wales coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B20085C",null,null,"Japan [errore = north Australia, Queesland, idem, 1872, Journ. f . Orn., 20, p. 237] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/22/mode/1up","Oreocincla Heinei"],["26645","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera talaseae","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.53","New Britain Thrush","New Britain Thrush","New Britain Thrush","2025-0102","Taxon <em>atrigena </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Zoothera talaseae</em> based on differences in plumage, bare parts color, and morphology. Genetic and vocal data would be desirable.","New Britain and Umboi (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879758","nebthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nebthr1","avibase-10891EF5",null,null,"Talasea, New Britain.","Exhibition and description of two new species from New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/89/mode/1up","Turdus talaseae"],["26646","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Zoothera atrigena","Ripley & Hadden, 1982","Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 14 p.103","Bougainville Thrush","Bougainville Thrush","Bougainville Thrush","2025-0102","Taxon <em>atrigena </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Zoothera talaseae</em> based on differences in plumage, bare parts color, and morphology. Genetic and vocal data would be desirable.","Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103879831","bouthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bouthr1","avibase-6DF9DA47",null,null,"15 km SSW of Arowa, North Solomon Province (Bougainville Island), Papua New Guinea, ca. 1500 m, 6 20'S, 155 20'E","A new subspecies of Zoothera (Aves: Muscicapidae: Turdinae) from the northern Solomon Islands.","https://doi.org/10.3312/jyio1952.14.103","Zoothera talaseae atrigena"],["26647","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Chlamydochaera","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.439",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Chlamydochaera jefferyi [Sharpe, 1887]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/495/mode/1up","Chlamydochaera"],["26648","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Chlamydochaera jefferyi","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5 p.439 pl.13","Fruithunter","Fruit-hunter","Fruithunter",null,null,"patchily distributed mountains of northern Borneo (Sabah)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708965","fruith1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fruith1","avibase-69DE3A4D",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/495/mode/1up","Chlamydochaera jefferyi"],["26649","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cochoa","Hodgson, 1836","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.54 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cochoa purpurea [Hodgson, 1836]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/419/mode/1up","Cochoa"],["26650","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cochoa purpurea","Hodgson, 1836","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.54 p.359","Purple Cochoa","Purple Cochoa","Purple Cochoa",null,null,"montane forest of Himalayas from northern India (Uttarakhand) eastward to western Arunachal Pradesh and southern Assam hills, eastern Myanmar, south-central China (southern Sichuan and Yunnan), northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam (northern Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710144","purcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purcoc1","avibase-65A535DA",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of two new species belonging to a new form of the Meruline Group of Birds, with indication of their generic character.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/419/mode/1up","Cochoa purpurea"],["26651","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cochoa viridis","Hodgson, 1836","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5, no.54 p.359,360","Green Cochoa","Green Cochoa","Green Cochoa",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Himalayas from northeastern India (Sikkim and northern West Bengal to Arunachal Pradesh and southern Assam hills), western and eastern Myanmar, southern and eastern China (southern Yunnan and Fujian), western, northern, and southeastern Thailand, southwestern and eastern Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Tonkin and Annam)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710147","grecoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grecoc1","avibase-D29F7DED",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of two new species belonging to a new form of the Meruline Group of Birds, with indication of their generic character.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114404#page/419/mode/1up","Co[choa] Viridis"],["26652","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cochoa beccarii","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.228","Sumatran Cochoa","Sumatran Cochoa","Sumatran Cochoa",null,null,"highlands of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710150","sumcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumcoc1","avibase-80724C8B",null,null,"Padang highlands, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/234/mode/1up","Cochoa beccarii"],["26653","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cochoa azurea","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.46, vol.2 pl.274","Javan Cochoa","Javan Cochoa","Javan Cochoa",null,null,"mountains of western and central Java",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710153","javcoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javcoc1","avibase-031D861E",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/373/mode/1up","Turdus azureus"],["26654","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ixoreus","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.3 (note)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus naevius [Gmelin, JF, 1789]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/13/mode/1up","Ixoreus"],["26655","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ixoreus naevius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.817","Varied Thrush","Varied Thrush","Varied Thrush",null,null,"breeds in humid forest, mostly coniferous from northern Alaska eastward to western Northwest Territories (northwestern Canada) and southward to far northern California and western Montana; winters southward to southern California and northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708385","varthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varthr","avibase-58312873",null,null,"in sinu Americae Natcae [= Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/318/mode/1up","Turdus naevius"],["26656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ixoreus naevius meruloides","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.187, pl. 38",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and northwestern Canada to northwestern USA; winters to west-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0820C0C",null,null,"Fort Franklin, lat. 65.25°N [= Mackenzie; restricted to Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie, by Amer. Orn. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 257].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/293/mode/1up","Orpheus meruloides"],["26657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ixoreus naevius naevius","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.817",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska to coastal northwestern California; winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB91A387",null,null,"in sinu Americae Natcae [= Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/318/mode/1up","Turdus naevius"],["26658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ixoreus naevius carlottae","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Haida Gwaii (British Columbia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C30712D",null,null,"Sangan River, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia",null,null,"Geocichla naevia carlottae"],["26659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ixoreus naevius godfreii","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"interior western Canada to interior northwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E480C8D",null,null,"Deary, Latah Co., central-southern Idaho",null,null,"Geocichla naevia godfreii"],["26660","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cichlopsis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cichlopsis leucogenys [Cabanis, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/70/mode/1up","Cichlopsis"],["26661","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cichlopsis leucogenys","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.54","Rufous-brown Solitaire","Rufous-brown Solitaire",null,"2025-0099","Taxa <em>chubbi, peruviana</em>, and <em>gularis </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Cichlopsis leucogenys</em> based on available evidence. Although multiple species are considered likely, plumage differences are minor, and comprehensive vocal and genetic data are lacking; further research is needed to determine species limits in this complex.","highly disjunct in tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and locally in Suriname, foothill and montane cloudforest in the Andes of western Colombia (Chocó) southward to northwestern Ecuador, locally in the eastern Andes of central Peru (Huánuco, Ucayali, and Junin), and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, from southern Bahia southward to Espírito Santo",null,null,null,"rubsol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsol1","avibase-AE736F91",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/70/mode/1up","Cichlopsis leucogenys"],["26662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cichlopsis leucogenys gularis","Salvin & Godman, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.21 p.76-77",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Bolívar) and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01C2BBD4",null,null,"Merume Mountains, British Guiana.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/106/mode/1up","Cichlopsis gularis"],["26663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cichlopsis leucogenys chubbi","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia (western Valle) and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ECE7C7F",null,null,"Mindo, Huila, western Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Cichlopsis chubbi"],["26664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cichlopsis leucogenys peruviana","Hellmayr, 1929","Novitates Zoologicae 35, no.3 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru (Junín and Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74070E02",null,null,"Perene, Dept. Junín, Peru.","On two undescribed Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22617#page/315/mode/1up","Cichlopsis leucogenys peruvianus"],["26665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Cichlopsis leucogenys leucogenys","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF37266B",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/70/mode/1up","Cichlopsis leucogenys"],["26666","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Entomodestes","Stejneger, 1883","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ptilogonys leucotis [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/498/mode/1up","Entomodestes"],["26667","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Entomodestes leucotis","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.270","White-eared Solitaire","White-eared Solitaire","White-eared Solitaire",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru and western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708621","whesol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whesol1","avibase-26A08D59",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/278/mode/1up","Ptilogonys leucotis"],["26668","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Entomodestes coracinus","(Berlepsch, 1897)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.175","Black Solitaire","Black Solitaire","Black Solitaire",null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia (Chocó) and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708624","blasol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blasol1","avibase-C2CEE19A",null,null,"near San Pablo, Prov. Tuquerres, southwestern Colombia.","Beschreibung vier neuer Vogelarten aus West-Columbien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/191/mode/1up","Myiadestes coracinus"],["26669","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Hylocichla","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.13,12 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus mustelinus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/25/mode/1up","Hylocichla"],["26670","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Hylocichla mustelina","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.817 dSM","Wood Thrush","Wood Thrush","Wood Thrush",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters southern Texas to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708670","woothr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woothr","avibase-8E1D9327",null,null,"Noveboraco [= New York, vide Amer. Orn. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 257] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/318/mode/1up","T[urdus] mustelinus"],["26671","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ridgwayia","Stejneger, 1883","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus pinicola [Sclater, PL, 1859]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/502/mode/1up","Ridgwayia"],["26672","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ridgwayia pinicola","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.334","Aztec Thrush","Aztec Thrush","Aztec Thrush",null,null,"oak-pine forest of western and central Mexico (Sonora to Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708391","aztthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aztthr","avibase-2C57FFF5",null,null,"southern Mexico, pine-forests of the tableland above Jalapa, Veracruz.","A Synopsis of the Thrushes (Turdidae) of the New World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/420/mode/1up","Turdus pinicola"],["26673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ridgwayia pinicola maternalis","(Phillips, 1991)","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67F82208",null,null,"Sierra Madre near Guadalupe y Calvo, southwestern most Chihuahua [E base Mt. Mohinora]",null,null,"Geocichla pinicola maternalis"],["26674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Ridgwayia pinicola pinicola","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CEB100B",null,null,"southern Mexico, pine-forests of the tableland above Jalapa, Veracruz.","A Synopsis of the Thrushes (Turdidae) of the New World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/420/mode/1up","Turdus pinicola"],["26675","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.278",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus immaculatus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by monotypy = Turdus aurantiirostris Hartlaub, 1850  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/438/mode/1up","Catharus"],["26676","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus mexicanus","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.998","Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush","Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush","Black-headed Nightingale-thrush",null,null,"humid montane forest on Caribbean slope from central Nuevo León and central Tamaulipas (including Sierra de las Tuxtlas, eastern Veracruz) southward through northern Nicaragua, then northern Costa Rica on both slopes through central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708647","bhnthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhnthr1","avibase-259F7A06",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.","Additions et Corrections aux Tableaux paralléliques de l'Ordre des HÉRONS et des PÉLAGIENS ou GAVIES, et à la partie correspondante déjà publiée, du CONSPECTUS AVIUM.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/1010/mode/1up","Mal[acocychla] mexicana"],["26677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus mexicanus mexicanus","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.998",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Veracruz and western Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D4B420E",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.","Additions et Corrections aux Tableaux paralléliques de l'Ordre des HÉRONS et des PÉLAGIENS ou GAVIES, et à la partie correspondante déjà publiée, du CONSPECTUS AVIUM.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16553#page/1010/mode/1up","Mal[acocychla] mexicana"],["26678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus mexicanus cantator","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico and eastern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD4B77F7",null,null,"Finca Sepacuite, 3,500 ft., about 50 miles east of Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight Collection of Guatemala Birds, III.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Catharus mexicanus cantator"],["26679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus mexicanus yaegeri","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F4E3FA8",null,null,"Las Penitas, NW most Honduras",null,null,"Catharus mexicanus jaegeri"],["26680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus mexicanus carrikeri","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Nicaragua to Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-363049F2",null,null,"lower foothills of N of Volcán Turrialba, Costa Rica, 2000 ft.",null,null,"Catharus mexicanus carrikeri"],["26681","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris","(Hartlaub, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.158","Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush","Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush","Orange-billed Nightingale-thrush",null,null,"varied woodland, forest, and edge of hills and mountains from east-central Sonora and west-central Chihuahua, and central Tamaulipas (northwestern and northeastern Mexico, respectively) through transvolcanic belt of central Mexico southward through southern Oaxaca, thence mainly Pacific slope from southwestern Chiapas to western Panama and through western Colombia northward to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and Andes of Venezuela eastward to northern Trinidad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708631","obnthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obnthr1","avibase-7FC3681F",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Caracas by Hartlaub, 1851, Contrib. Orn., p. 80, pl. 72.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Turdus de Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/164/mode/1up","Turdus aurantiirostris"],["26682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris clarus","Jouy, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.975 p.773",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and north-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6799AF6A",null,null,"Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/957/mode/1up","Catharus melpomene clarus"],["26683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris melpomene","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Mexico to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E47BF5CC",null,null,"Xalapa [= Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/21/mode/1up","T[urdus] Melpomene"],["26684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris costaricensis","Hellmayr, 1902","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicaragua to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50586A8E",null,null,"Costa Rica ; restricted to San Jose by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 471.","Revision einiger neotropischen Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/55/mode/1up","Catharus melpomene costaricensis"],["26685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris griseiceps","Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-079F9001",null,null,"Veraguas.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/106/mode/1up","Catharus griseiceps"],["26686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris phaeopleurus","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.4 p.541-542",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (Cauca, upper Patía, and Guáitara valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D9F278C",null,null,"Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.","Description of two new Species of Birds from the State of Antioquia, U. S. C..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/685/mode/1up","Catharus phaeopleurus"],["26687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris aurantiirostris","(Hartlaub, 1850)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.2 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07C94276",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Caracas by Hartlaub, 1851, Contrib. Orn., p. 80, pl. 72.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Turdus de Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19598#page/164/mode/1up","Turdus aurantiirostris"],["26688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris birchalli","Seebohm, 1881","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Sucre), and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D04EF3B4",null,null,"Orinoco valley ; restricted to mountains inland of Cumana by Hellmayr, 1919, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14, p. 126.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/311/mode/1up","Catharus birchalli"],["26689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris barbaritoi","Aveledo Hostos & Ginés, 1952","Novedades Científicas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica 6 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá) and valley of upper Río Negro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFB9D547",null,null,"Kunana, 1,140 m., Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Cuatro aves nuevas y dos extensiones de distribución para Venezuela, de Perijá.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/cuatro-aves-nuevas-y-dos-extensiones-de-distribucion-para-venezuela-de-perija/","Catharus aurantiirostris barbaritoi"],["26690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris sierrae","Hellmayr, 1919","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 14 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5089A662",null,null,"La Concepcion, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, N.-Colombia, 3000 engl. Fuß, März 15, 1899. [La Concepcion, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, EN.-Colombia, 3000 English. Foot, March 15, 1899]","Miscellanea ornithologica IV. XII. Vier neue Formen aus dem tropischen Amerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103534#page/158/mode/1up","Catharus melpomene sierrae"],["26691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris inornatus","Zimmer, 1944","The Auk 61, no.3 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AD7C720",null,null,"San Gil, Santander, Colombia.","Two new subspecies of Catharus aurantiirostris.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol61/iss3/9/","Catharus aurantiirostris inornatus"],["26692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus aurantiirostris insignis","Zimmer, 1944","The Auk 61, no.3 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AD13809",null,null,"near San Agustín, Huila, Colombia.","Two new subspecies of Catharus aurantiirostris.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol61/iss3/9/","Catharus aurantiirostris insignis"],["26693","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus maculatus","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.350 p.64","Speckled Nightingale-Thrush","Speckled Nightingale-Thrush",null,null,null,"humid forest in foothills and mountains from Lara in Andes of west-central Venezuela and Sierra de Perijá of western border with Colombia, westward and southward through eastern Andes to Ecuador on both slopes, and thence east slope only from Peru through Tucuman in northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,"sponit2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sponit2","avibase-3CC53D26",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador [= eastern Ecuador].","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/98/mode/1up","Malacocichla maculata"],["26694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus maculatus maculatus","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.350 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Venezuela and of Colombia (except for Pacific slope) and east slope of Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and northern Bolivia; west slope of Andes in Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CA9B676",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador [= eastern Ecuador].","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/98/mode/1up","Malacocichla maculata"],["26695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus maculatus blakei","Olrog, 1973","Acta Zoológica Lilloana 30 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia (Tarija) and northern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09DAB6A7",null,null,"Río Pescado, 30 Km.al oeste de Aguas Blancas, Orán, Argentina","Notas ornitológicas. 9. Sobre la colección del Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán.",null,"Catharus dryas blakei"],["26696","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus dryas","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.277 p.285 pl.75","Yellow-throated Nightingale-Thrush","Yellow-throated Nightingale-Thrush",null,null,null,"humid montane forest from southeastern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,"spnthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spnthr1","avibase-17697D12",null,null,"Guatemala.","Descriptions of a New Bird from Guatemala, forming the type of a new Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/615/mode/1up","Malacocichla dryas"],["26697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus dryas harrisoni","Phillips & Rook, 1965","The Condor 67, no.1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Oaxaca (southwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2941FE1C",null,null,"“Arroyo de 10s Pajareros,” below “La Cumbre,” Rancho Sol y Luna, west-northwest of Tapanatepec, Oaxaca, May 16-18, 1963.","A new race of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush from Oaxaca, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol67/iss1/1/","Catharus dryas harrisoni"],["26698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus dryas ovandensis","Brodkorb, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.369 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiapas (southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE684F8E",null,null,"Mount Ovando, 1,775 m., Chiapas.","New Birds from the district of Soconusco, Chiapas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56808","Catharus dryas ovandensis"],["26699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus dryas dryas","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.277 p.285 pl.75",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Guatemala, Honduras, and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-477D8E23",null,null,"Guatemala.","Descriptions of a New Bird from Guatemala, forming the type of a new Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/615/mode/1up","Malacocichla dryas"],["26700","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.341","Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush","Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush","Slaty-backed Nightingale-thrush",null,null,"humid montane forest on Caribbean slope from far northwestern Costa Rica on Nicaraguan border southward locally through Panama and to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of far northern Colombia, northwestern Venezuela in Sierra de Perijá and west-central Andes of Venezuela, southwestward in Andes through central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708635","sbnthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbnthr1","avibase-345A1B6E",null,null,"Bogotá.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/351/mode/1up","M[yioturdus] fuscater"],["26701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater hellmayri","Berlepsch, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí and Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F21306C",null,null,"Chiriquí.","Beschreibung zweier neuer Drosselformen aus Südamerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/89/mode/1up","Catharus fuscater hellmayri"],["26702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater mirabilis","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-725FE63F",null,null,"Mount Pirre, near head of Río Limon, eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/66/mode/1up","Catharus fuscater mirabilis"],["26703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater sanctaemartae","Ridgway, 1904","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 47, vol.2, no.1 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF7BBAEF",null,null,"Elhibano [= El Libano], Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of seven new species and sub-species of birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35633#page/164/mode/1up","Catharus fuscater sanctae-martae"],["26704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater fuscater","(de Lafresnaye, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama eastward to western Venezuela and southward to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB3FE639",null,null,"Bogotá.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/351/mode/1up","M[yioturdus] fuscater"],["26705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater opertaneus","Wetmore, 1955","Novedades Colombianas 2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia southward to Tolima), and east-central Andes in Napo, Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BBBB7EF",null,null,"Hacienda Potreros, 6,500 ft., Río Herradura, 15 mi. southwest of Frontino, Antioquia, Colombia.","Further additions to the avifauna of Colombia.",null,"Catharus fuscater opertaneus"],["26706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater caniceps","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.138 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F79A39D3",null,null,"Palambla, 5,000-6,500 ft., Piura, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4559/","Catharus fuscater caniceps"],["26707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscater mentalis","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southeastern Peru (Puno) and northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9C1F585",null,null,"'Suape' (Suapi), near 'Tilotilo,' Yungas, Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/432/mode/1up","Catharus mentalis"],["26708","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus ustulatus","(Nuttall, 1840)","A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, 2nd ed. ed.2, 1 p.vi,400,830","Swainson's Thrush","Swainson's Thrush",null,"2025-0101","Taxon <em>swainsoni </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Catharus ustulatus</em> based on available evidence. Although genetically diagnosable across a range of genomic and mitochondrial DNA regions (Ruegg &amp; Smith 2002; Ruegg et al. 2014; Delmore et al. 2015; Bay &amp; Ruegg 2017), mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Ruegg &amp; Smith 2002), and mitochondrial DNA introgression is widespread along their contact zone (Ruegg 2008). Combined with relatively low morphological and vocal divergence, presence of intermediate phenotypes across a hybrid zone (Ruegg 2008), and suggestions of a hybrid swarm in Alaska, they are best treated as conspecific pending further research.","breeds in coniferous forest, riparian and deciduous woodland, and thickets from central Alaska eastward to southern Labrador (eastern Canada), in western USA along the Pacific coast southward to southern California and in the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico, and in northeastern USA to southern New York and northern Pennsylvania; winters in varied lowland and montane forest and edge, mostly in Chiapas and Guatemala and the Andes southward to northwestern Argentina, with some on the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico slopes from northeastern and west-central Mexico through Central America",null,null,null,"swathr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swathr","avibase-E53FC25C",null,null,"forests of the Oregon [= Fort Vancouver, Washington].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104213#page/416/mode/1up","Turdus ustulatus"],["26709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus ustulatus incanus","(Godfrey, 1952)","The Canadian Field-Naturalist 65 no.2[\"1951\"] p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in central and eastern Alaska and northwestern Canada (southward to northern British Columbia and north-central Alberta); winters in South America (Colombia to Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF49CAEE",null,null,"Lapie River, Canol Road mile 132, Yukon Territory; June 23, 1944; A. L. Rand.","A NEW NORTHWESTERN OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90126#page/213/mode/1up","Hylocichla ustulata incana"],["26710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus ustulatus ustulatus","(Nuttall, 1840)","A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, 2nd ed. ed.2, 1 p.vi,400,830",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southeastern Alaska to southern Oregon; winters to western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F86B3E7D",null,null,"forests of the Oregon [= Fort Vancouver, Washington].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104213#page/416/mode/1up","Turdus ustulatus"],["26711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus ustulatus phillipsi","Ramos, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia; winters from Mexico to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59C02141",null,null,"Massat, Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia; Types: Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 145978 and 145979, ad. males, collected 4 June.",null,null,"Catharus ustulatus phillipsi"],["26712","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus ustulatus oedicus","(Oberholser, 1899)","The Auk 16, no.1 p.23-25",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in California (coast ranges eastward to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada); winters from northwestern Mexico southward to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AF45EF0",null,null,"Santa Barbara, California.","Description of a new Hylocichla.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/4/","Hylocichla ustulata oedica"],["26713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus ustulatus swainsoni","(Tschudi, 1845)","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana 1845, Orn. p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from western Canada (British Columbia and Alberta) southward to Great Basin region and north-central and northeastern USA (north of the range of appalachiensis) and eastward to eastern Canada; winters from Panama southward to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22D567B8",null,null,"Carlton House, Saskatchewan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/336/mode/1up","Turdus Swainsoni"],["26714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus ustulatus appalachiensis","Ramos, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in the northeastern USA (New Hampshire and central New York southward to Virginia; winters in South America (Colombia to Peru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB1A141E",null,null,"Gaudineer Knob, W[est] Virginia; Holotype: USNM 394307, ad. male, collected 16 June 1947 by R.E. Stewart and J.W. Aldrich (3760).",null,null,"Catharus ustulatus (?) appalachiensis"],["26715","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscescens","(Stephens, 1817)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 10, pt1 p.182","Veery","Veery","Veery",null,null,"breeds in deciduous and riparian forest, and mature woodland from central British Colombia eastward to southern Newfoundland (southwestern to southeastern Canada) southward in Rocky Mountains of western USA to New Mexico, the northern tier of US states, and southward in the Appalachians to far northern Georgia; winters mainly second-growth and sandy-soil forest in the Cerrado of eastern Bolivia, central to southern Brazil (Tocantins and Mato Grosso to São Paulo), and northern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708655","veery","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/veery","avibase-0B8F4EE6",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64499#page/242/mode/1up","Turdus Fuscescens"],["26716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscescens salicicola","(Ridgway, 1882)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.240 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Canada and western USA; winters to western Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17954A70",null,null,"Colorado; restricted to Fort Garland, Colorado by Amer. Orn. Union, 1910, Checklist North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 360.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/392/mode/1up","Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola"],["26717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscescens subpallidus","(Burleigh & Duvall, 1959)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72, no.8 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Washington to northeastern Oregon, western Montana, and Colorado; winters to Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1ADA37B",null,null,"Moscow, Latah County, Idaho.","A new subspecies of Veery from the northwestern United States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/47/mode/1up","Hylocichla fuscescens subpallida"],["26718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscescens fuscescens","(Stephens, 1817)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 10, pt1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Canada and eastern USA; winters to Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-663E3315",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64499#page/242/mode/1up","Turdus Fuscescens"],["26719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus fuscescens fuliginosus","(Howe, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Newfoundland to south-central Quebec; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBD6FC14",null,null,"Codroy, Newfoundland.","A new subspecies of the genus Hylocichla.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/8/","Hylocichla fuscesens fuliginosa"],["26720","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus bicknelli","(Ridgway, 1882)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.240 p.377","Bicknell's Thrush","Bicknell's Thrush","Bicknell's Thrush",null,null,"breeds in eastern Canada (eastern Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick) and adjacent USA (eastern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine); winters mainly in Hispaniola, and locally eastern Cuba, eastern Jamaica, and eastern Puerto Rico",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728467","bicthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bicthr","avibase-5E1BED9D",null,null,"near the summit of Slide Mountain, Ulster County, New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/395/mode/1up","Hylocichla aliciae bicknelli"],["26721","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus minimus","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.5","Grey-cheeked Thrush","Gray-cheeked Thrush","Grey-cheeked Thrush",null,null,"breeds in riparian woodland and thickets, and open woodland with shrubs in Chukotskiy Peninsula and Anadyrland (northeastern Siberia), northern Alaska eastward to Labrador (eastern Canada), and southward to central Canada; winters in humid forest of northern Andes and northwestern Amazonia, mainly from western Venezuela southward to northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708658","gycthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycthr","avibase-B904BB22",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/13/mode/1up","Turdus minimus"],["26722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus minimus minimus","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada (Newfoundland and southeastern Labrador); winters in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela, possibly also eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B246015E",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/13/mode/1up","Turdus minimus"],["26723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus minimus aliciae","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.210, p.xxxi, 217",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northeastern Siberia and Alaska eastward to northern Quebec and central Labrador; winters in northern South America, from Colombia eastward to the Guianas and southward to northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-774F122F",null,null,"Illinois and upper Missouri ; restricted to West Northfield, Illinois, by Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 61.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/281/mode/1up","Turdus aliciae"],["26724","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus gracilirostris","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.580","Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush","Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush","Black-billed Nightingale-thrush",null,null,"high montane forest and edge from north-central Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708627","bbnthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbnthr1","avibase-CB874866",null,null,"Costa Rica (Volcán de Cartago).","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/676/mode/1up","Catharus gracilirostris"],["26725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus gracilirostris gracilirostris","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.580",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B27F31",null,null,"Costa Rica (Volcán de Cartago).","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/676/mode/1up","Catharus gracilirostris"],["26726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus gracilirostris accentor","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83C359C9",null,null,"Volcán de Chiriquí, Chiriquí, Panama.","On a second collection of birds made in Chiriqui, by W. W. Brown, Jr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/58/mode/1up","Catharus gracilirostris accentor"],["26727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus gracilirostris bensoni","Griscom, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.141 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of western Panama (eastern Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51D30FB4",null,null,"Cerro Flores, 6000 feet, eastern Chiriquí, Panama","Descriptions of new birds from Panama and Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4374/","Catharus gracilirostris bensoni"],["26728","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.323","Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush","Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush","Ruddy-capped Nightingale-thrush",null,null,"montane forest and edge from Jalisco and southern San Luis Potosí (north-central Mexico) to northern Nicaragua, then northern Costa Rica to far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708643","rcnthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcnthr1","avibase-AE3380AF",null,null,"Volcán del Irazú.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/335/mode/1up","Catharus Frantzii"],["26729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii omiltemensis","Ridgway, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F77FC50",null,null,"Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico","New genera of Tyrannidae and Turdidae, and new forms of Tanagridae and Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/233/mode/1up","Catharus frantzii omiltemensis"],["26730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii nelsoni","Phillips, 1969","The Auk 86, no.4 p.618",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30F698EC",null,null,"Mt. Zempoaltepec, eastern Oaxaca, Mexico","An ornithological comedy of errors : Catharus occidentalis and C. frantzii.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol86/iss4/1/","Catharus frantzii nelsoni"],["26731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii chiapensis","Phillips, 1969","The Auk 86, no.4 p.617",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (central Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0B14C5E",null,null,"10 km \"southwest\" of San Cristobal de Las Casas, central Chiapas, Mexico","An ornithological comedy of errors : Catharus occidentalis and C. frantzii.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol86/iss4/1/","Catharus frantzii chiapensis"],["26732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii alticola","Salvin & Godman, 1879","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Chiapas (southern Mexico) to southern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A294B2B",null,null,"Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/53/mode/1up","Catharus alticola"],["26733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii juancitonis","Stone, 1931","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (southern Chiapas) to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-051227C8",null,null,"San Juancito, Honduras, 6500 feet","Three new Birds from Honduras.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064092","Catharus frantzii juancitonis"],["26734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii waldroni","Phillips, 1969","The Auk 86, no.4 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC70C2DD",null,null,"6 km. northeast of San Rafael del Norte, northern Nicaragua, 1370-1520 m alt.","An ornithological comedy of errors : Catharus occidentalis and C. frantzii.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol86/iss4/1/","Catharus frantzii waldroni"],["26735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii frantzii","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Jalisco to central Michoacán, central México, and Morelos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AAFA755",null,null,"Volcán del Irazú.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/335/mode/1up","Catharus Frantzii"],["26736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus frantzii wetmorei","Phillips, 1969","The Auk 86, no.4 p.615",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C544567",null,null,"Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama","An ornithological comedy of errors : Catharus occidentalis and C. frantzii.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol86/iss4/1/","Catharus frantzii wetmorei"],["26737","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus occidentalis","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.323","Russet Nightingale-Thrush","Russet Nightingale-Thrush","Russet Nightingale-thrush",null,null,"montane forest from west-central Chihuahua and southwestern Nuevo León and transvolcanic belt southward to southern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708639","runthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runthr1","avibase-EFA53F7D",null,null,"Totontepec, Oaxaca.","A Synopsis of the Thrushes (Turdidae) of the New World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/409/mode/1up","Catharus occidentalis"],["26738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus occidentalis olivascens","Nelson, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Mexico (far southern Sonora, northern Sinaloa, and western Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52506FA0",null,null,"Sierra Madre, Chihuahua (65 miles east of Batopilas), Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/57/mode/1up","Catharus olivascens"],["26739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus occidentalis lambi","Phillips, 1969","The Auk 86, no.4 p.612",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico, from Durango southward to northwestern Jalisco, and from southeastern Coahuila and southwestern Tamaulipas southward to northeastern Guanajuato and northwestern Puebla",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F9A0B7D",null,null,"5 km west of Juauchinango, northern Puebla, Mexico, 1700 m alt.","An ornithological comedy of errors : Catharus occidentalis and C. frantzii.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol86/iss4/1/","Catharus occidentalis lambi"],["26740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus occidentalis fulvescens","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico, from southern Jalisco eastward to Hidalgo and southward to Guerrero and east-central Puebla",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41A6939E",null,null,"Amecameca, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Catharus occidentalis fulvescens"],["26741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus occidentalis occidentalis","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Oaxaca, Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-630EC5B8",null,null,"Totontepec, Oaxaca.","A Synopsis of the Thrushes (Turdidae) of the New World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/409/mode/1up","Catharus occidentalis"],["26742","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.465","Hermit Thrush","Hermit Thrush","Hermit Thrush",null,null,"breeds in varied coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests, and woodland from western Alaska eastward to southern Labrador (eastern Canada) and northeastern USA, southward in mountains of western USA to southern California, with an isolated population in northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), and far southwestern Texas, and in the Appalachian Mountains southward to North Carolina (local); winters from coastal southwestern Canada southward to Baja California, across southern half of the USA southward to central Guatemala, southern Florida, and the Bahamas (scarce)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708667","herthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/herthr","avibase-B01E8BD4",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/497/mode/1up","Muscicapa guttata"],["26743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus guttatus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaskan Peninsula to southwestern Canada; winters to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF117E08",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/497/mode/1up","Muscicapa guttata"],["26744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus nanus","(Audubon, 1839)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 5 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska and coastal western Canada; winters to western USA and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8123ED7",null,null,"Columbia River [= Fort Vancouver, Washington, fide Amer. Orn. Union, 1931, Check-list. Birds North Amer., ed. 4, p. 258; fig. as 'Turdus minor Gm.', 1838, Birds Amer. (folio) , 4, pl. 419, fig. 1] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103786#page/245/mode/1up","Turdus Nanus"],["26745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus slevini","(Grinnell, 1901)","The Auk 18, no.3 p.258-260",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Washington and Oregon to central California; winters to northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-221E3E4D",null,null,"vicinity of Point Sur, Monterey County, California.","The Monterey Hermit Thrush.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss3/6/","Hylocichla aonalaschkae slevini"],["26746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus sequoiensis","(Belding, 1889)","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sierra Nevada of California and western Nevada, with an isolated population in northern Baja California; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DF624C2",null,null,"Big Trees, Calaveras County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31479#page/28/mode/1up","Turdus sequoiensis"],["26747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus polionotus","(Grinnell, 1918)","The Condor 20, no.2 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Washington to east-central California, Nevada, and southwestern Utah",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF90831D",null,null,"Wyman Creek, 8,000 ft.. White Mountains, Inyo County, California.","Seven new or noteworthy birds from east-central California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol20/iss2/8/","Hylocichla guttata polionota"],["26748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus auduboni","(Baird, 1864)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Rocky Mountains of southwestern USA to New Mexico; winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B6B4839",null,null,"'Fort Bridger ?', Wyoming.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/28/mode/1up","Turdus auduboni"],["26749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus faxoni","(Bangs & Penard, 1921)","The Auk 38, no.3 p.433",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Yukon and northern Canada to eastern USA; winters to Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-209DD029",null,null,"Shelburne, New Hampshire.","The Name of the Eastern Hermit Thrush","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol38/iss3/9/","Hylocichla guttata faxoni"],["26750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Catharus guttatus crymophilus","(Burleigh & Peters, 1948)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Newfoundland; winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87A1C5D6",null,null,"Badger, Newfoundland.","Geographic variation in Newfoundland birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/303/mode/1up","Hylocichla guttata crymophila"],["26751","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla","Müller, 1836","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.348,349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus citrinus [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA348#v=onepage&f=false","Geokichla"],["26752","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla sibirica","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694","Siberian Thrush","Siberian Thrush","Siberian Thrush",null,null,"breeds northeastern Asia to Sakhalin and northern Japan; winters to southern China, southeastern Asia, Sumatra, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708382","sibthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibthr1","avibase-E7163B81",null,null,"Siberia [= Konda River, Transbaicalia, vide Pallas, ibid., p. 186] .",null,null,"Turdus sibiricus"],["26753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla sibirica sibirica","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Asia; winters to southeastern Asia, Sumatra, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B3FEA4C",null,null,"Siberia [= Konda River, Transbaicalia, vide Pallas, ibid., p. 186] .",null,null,"Turdus sibiricus"],["26754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla sibirica davisoni","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5, no.1 p.63,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin Island and northern Japan; winters to southern China, southeastern Asia, and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDD5BB33",null,null,"Mooleyit, Tenasserim.","[Note].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/79/mode/1up","Turdulus Davisoni"],["26755","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla wardii","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.129 p.882","Pied Thrush","Pied Thrush","Pied Thrush",null,null,"breeds Himalayas of northern India from Nepal to Assam; winters to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708364","piethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piethr1","avibase-AC0C3921",null,null,"Mysore.","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society (Friday Evening, 2d September, 1842.) Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/304/mode/1up","T[urdus] Wardii"],["26756","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla guttata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.92","Spotted Ground Thrush","Spotted Ground-Thrush","Spotted Ground-thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill evergreen forest, coastal dune forest, and coral-rag forest, from southern South Sudan, southeastern Tanzania, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Malawi, and northeastern and southern Mozambique southward to coastal southeastern South Africa; some populations migrate to coastal northeastern Tanzania and southeastern Kenya",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708464","spgthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spgthr1","avibase-60A39CF9",null,null,"Algoa Bay, Africa [= Durb'an, Natal, apud Smith, 1839, 111. Zool. South Africa, Aves, 2 (8), pl. 39].","Exhibition of a collection of African Birds which had been presented to the Society by Henry Ellis, Esq., of Portland Place.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/106/mode/1up","Turdus guttatus"],["26757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla guttata maxis","(Nikolaus, 1982)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102, no.2 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9D3D2EA",null,null,"Lotti Forest, Imatong Mountains, South Sudan, elev. 1250 m","A new race of the Spotted Ground Thrush Turdus fischeri from South Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/259/mode/1up","Turdus fischeri maxis"],["26758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla guttata fischeri","(Hellmayr, 1901)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8B38A08",null,null,"Pangani River, Tanganyika.","Über Turdus guttatus Vig..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/72/mode/1up","Turdus guttatus fischeri"],["26759","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla guttata belcheri","(Benson, 1950)","Ostrich 21, no.2 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi (Mount Thyolo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94DDCEE5",null,null,"Soche hill, near Blantyre, southern Nyasaland.","Some notes on the Spotted ForestThrush.",null,"Turdus fischeri belcheri"],["26760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla guttata lippensi","(Prigogine & Louette, 1984)","Le Gerfaut 74, no.2 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Upemba National Park)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0804A673",null,null,"Lusinga (8 56'S, 27 12'E), at 1750 m above sea level [=Lusinga, Upemba National Park, Zaire]","A new race of the spotted ground thrush, Zoothera guttata, from Upemba, Zaire.",null,"Zoothera guttata lippensi"],["26761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla guttata guttata","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi to KwaZulu-Natal and Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0875D358",null,null,"Algoa Bay, Africa [= Durb'an, Natal, apud Smith, 1839, 111. Zool. South Africa, Aves, 2 (8), pl. 39].","Exhibition of a collection of African Birds which had been presented to the Society by Henry Ellis, Esq., of Portland Place.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/106/mode/1up","Turdus guttatus"],["26762","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla princei","(Sharpe, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.625","Grey Ground Thrush","Gray Ground-Thrush","Grey Ground-thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland primary and riverine forest, from eastern Sierra Leone and Liberia eastward to southern Ghana, from southern Nigeria and southern Cameroon to northern Gabon, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda; reported from Central African Republic and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708450","grygrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grygrt1","avibase-CB1E8753",null,null,"Denkera, in the interior of Fantee.","On three new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/753/mode/1up","Chamaetylas princei"],["26763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla princei princei","(Sharpe, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.625",null,null,null,null,null,"dense lowland forest of Liberia to Ivory Coast and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCD842D5",null,null,"Denkera, in the interior of Fantee.","On three new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/753/mode/1up","Chamaetylas princei"],["26764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla princei batesi","Sharpe, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Cameroon to Gabon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD905F88",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroons.","Exhibition of a new Ground-Trush from the Camaroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/60/mode/1up","Geocichla batesi"],["26765","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla camaronensis","Sharpe, 1905","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.19 p.472","Black-eared Ground Thrush","Black-eared Ground-Thrush","Black-eared Ground-thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill primary forest understory from southern Cameroon (sight record for Bioko, Gulf of Guinea) southward to western Republic of the Congo and far western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708443","bkegrt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkegrt1","avibase-DB5CE93A",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/496/mode/1up","Geocichla cameronensis"],["26766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla camaronensis camaronensis","Sharpe, 1905","Ibis ser.8, vol.5, no.19 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Cameroon and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F324CB7D",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35519#page/496/mode/1up","Geocichla cameronensis"],["26767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla camaronensis graueri","Sassi, 1914","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 51 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D746639",null,null,"Moera forest west, of Semliki, Congo.","Einige neue Formen der innerafrikanischen Ornis aus der Kollection Grauer.",null,"Geocichla princei graueri"],["26768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla camaronensis kibalensis","(Prigogine, 1978)","Le Gerfaut 68 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"Kibale Forest (western Uganda); little-known",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90F1ED05",null,null,"Kibale forest [Uganda], 12 December 1966","A new ground-thrush from Africa.",null,"Zoothera kibalensis"],["26769","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla crossleyi","(Sharpe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.607 pl.47","Crossley's Ground Thrush","Crossley's Ground-Thrush","Crossley's Ground-thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane primary forest understory, from southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon southward to southern Republic of Congo, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708420","crgthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crgthr1","avibase-4745E8A7",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain.","On the Birds of Cameroons, Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/727/mode/1up","Turdus crossleyi"],["26770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla crossleyi crossleyi","(Sharpe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.607 pl.47",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2531792",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain.","On the Birds of Cameroons, Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/727/mode/1up","Turdus crossleyi"],["26771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla crossleyi pilettei","Schouteden, 1918","Revue Zoologique Africaine (1911) 5 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Semliki Valley and west slope of Itombwe highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7924F48",null,null,"Lesse, Semliki Valley.","Contribution à la faune ornithologique de la région des lacs de l'Afrique Centrale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42685#page/304/mode/1up","G[eocichla] Gurneyi Pilettei"],["26772","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla gurneyi","(Hartlaub, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.350 pl.9","Orange Ground Thrush","Orange Ground-Thrush","Orange Ground-thrush",null,null,"patchy in foothill and montane primary forest understory from western Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southern Kenya southward through Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, and eastern Zimbabwe, to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708426","orgthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orgthr1","avibase-45C55FDE",null,null,"near Pietermaritzburg, Natal.","A Sixth additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/392/mode/1up","Turdus gurneyi"],["26773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla gurneyi chuka","Van Someren, 1931","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 9 (37) (1930) p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Kenya and Kikuyu escarpment",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18AB3C77",null,null,"Chuka, Mount Kenya, central Kenya.","New races of Birds from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204477#page/315/mode/1up","Geocichla gurneyi chuka"],["26774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla gurneyi raineyi","Mearns, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.10 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Kenya (Taita and Chyulu Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE90B490",null,null,"Mount Mbololo, east of Mount Kilimanjaro, southeastern Kenya.","Descriptions of four new African Thrushes of the genera Planesticus and Geocichla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/306/mode/1up","Geocichla gurneyi raineyi"],["26775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla gurneyi otomitra","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola (Mount Moco) to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A4CFF7A",null,null,"Bulongwa and Tandalla, Kondeland ; restricted to Bulongwa, northeast of Lake Nyasa, by Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 444.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/111/mode/1up","Geocichla gurneyi otomitra"],["26776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla gurneyi gurneyi","(Hartlaub, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.350 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42E36134",null,null,"near Pietermaritzburg, Natal.","A Sixth additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/392/mode/1up","Turdus gurneyi"],["26777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla gurneyi disruptans","(Clancey, 1955)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.6 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"central Malawi to Mozambique, eastern Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa (Limpopo), and northern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-855D4B1A",null,null,"Vumba Highlands, 5,500 ft., near Umtali, eastern Southern Rhodesia.","Geographical Variation in the Orange Thrush Turdus gurneyi Hartlaub of Eastern and South Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/112/mode/1up","Turdus gurneyi disruptans"],["26778","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla oberlaenderi","Sassi, 1914","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 51 p.310","Oberländer's Ground Thrush","Oberländer's Ground-Thrush","Oberländer's Ground-thrush",null,null,"patchy and local in foothill primary and transitional forest in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708433","obgthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obgthr1","avibase-05BC1F90",null,null,"between Beni and Mawambi, northeastern Congo.","Einige neue Formen der innerafrikanischen Ornis aus der Kollection Grauer.",null,"Geocichla gurneyi oberlaenderi"],["26779","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla piaggiae","(Bouvier, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 2 p.456","Abyssinian Ground Thrush","Abyssinian Ground-Thrush","Abyssinian Ground-thrush",null,null,"montane forest understory from southern South Sudan and Ethiopia southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya, to northern Burundi and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730723","abgthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abgthr1","avibase-C54DCA26",null,null,"Uganda (M'Tesa's country) [= Lake Tana, northern Abyssinia, vide Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, p. 579].","Sur une collection ornithologique de l'Ugunda (Royaume de M'Tesa - Afrique centrale).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42262#page/472/mode/1up","Turdus piaggiae"],["26780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla piaggiae piaggiae","(Bouvier, 1877)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 2 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Uganda, and northern and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-892D601A",null,null,"Uganda (M'Tesa's country) [= Lake Tana, northern Abyssinia, vide Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, p. 579].","Sur une collection ornithologique de l'Ugunda (Royaume de M'Tesa - Afrique centrale).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42262#page/472/mode/1up","Turdus piaggiae"],["26781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla piaggiae hadii","Macdonald, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan (Imatong and Dongotona mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9016C49",null,null,"Emogadung, Dongotona Mountains, southeastern Sudan.","A new Race of Orange Thrush from the Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/128/mode/1up","Geokichla piaggiae hadii"],["26782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla piaggiae ruwenzorii","(Prigogine, 1985)","Le Gerfaut 74, no.4 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53986D9E",null,null,"Mubuku Valley (Ruwenzori East), 2700 m, Uganda","Les populations occidentales de la Grive terrestre d'Abyssinie, Zoothera piaggiae, et description d'une nouvelle sous-espèce du Ruwenzori.",null,"Zoothera piaggiae ruwenzorii"],["26783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla piaggiae kilimensis","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.3 p.310,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya (east of Rift Valley) to northern Tanzania (Mount Kilimanjaro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F12B07FF",null,null,"Kifinika, Kilimanjaro.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/320/mode/1up","Geocichla gurneyi kilimensis"],["26784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla piaggiae tanganjicae","Sassi, 1914","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 51 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, northern Burundi, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF01A4C8",null,null,"forest northwest of Tanganyika, 2,000 m.","Einige neue Formen der innerafrikanischen Ornis aus der Kollection Grauer.",null,"Geocichla gurneyi tanganjicae"],["26785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla piaggiae rowei","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tanzania (Loliondo and Magaidu forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2914EFC9",null,null,"Loliondo Forest, northern Arusha District, northern Tanganyika.","Descriptions of two new races of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/141/mode/1up","Geokichla piaggiae rowei"],["26786","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla spiloptera","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.142","Spot-winged Thrush","Spot-winged Thrush","Spot-winged Thrush",null,null,"montane forest of Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708478","spwthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwthr1","avibase-098F2468",null,null,"Ceylon.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/174/mode/1up","O[reocincla] spiloptera"],["26787","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.350","Orange-headed Thrush","Orange-headed Thrush","Orange-headed Thrush",null,null,"foothill to montane understory of deciduous and evergreen forest, mixed secondary woodland, and bamboo thickets, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Peninsular India, Andaman and Nicobar islands, central Indochina, and disjunctly to northern Borneo, Java, and Bali; Himalayan populations migrate south as far as\n Sri Lanka and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708375","orhthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orhthr1","avibase-F82540A0",null,null,"India; restricted to Cachar by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 718.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/372/mode/1up","Turdus citrinus"],["26788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina citrina","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas to northern, central, and southeastern Myanmar and southwestern Thailand; winters to southern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-712F17B6",null,null,"India; restricted to Cachar by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 718.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/372/mode/1up","Turdus citrinus"],["26789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina cyanota","(Jardine & Selby, 1828)","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.3 pl.46, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Peninsular India (north to Gujarat and Andhra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3453580B",null,null,"interior of India; Bangalore, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/311/mode/1up","Turdus cyanotus"],["26790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina innotata","Blyth, 1846","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.173 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southern Myanmar to southern China and Indochina; winters Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6541C2DC",null,null,"Nicobar Islands and Malaya; restricted to Malay Peninsula by Blyth, 1847, ihid., 16, p. 146","Notes on the Fauna of the Nicobar Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/502/mode/1up","Geocichla innotota"],["26791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina melli","(Stresemann, 1923)","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Fujian and northern Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6272DFD2",null,null,"Dragon's Head, Kwangtung Province, China.","Neue Formen aus Süd-China.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012813","Turdus citrinus melli"],["26792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina courtoisi","(Hartert, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China (Anhui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-625A00E0",null,null,"Leoufang, Anhwei Province, eastern eastern China.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Thrush from Eastern China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/320/mode/1up","Turdus citrinus courtoisi"],["26793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina aurimacula","(Hartert, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.2 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam and Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBBB2FA8",null,null,"Hainan.","The birds of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/256/mode/1up","Turdus citrinus aurimacula"],["26794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina andamanensis","Walden, 1874","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.14, no.80 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DB4F324",null,null,"Andamans.","XXI. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53304#page/170/mode/1up","Geocichla andamanensis"],["26795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina albogularis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.146,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C1ACE92",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/178/mode/1up","G[eocichla] albogularis"],["26796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina aurata","Sharpe, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.478",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD254092",null,null,"Mount Kinabalu.","Diagnoses of some new Species of Birds obtained on the Mountain of Kina Balu by Mr. John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/506/mode/1up","Geocichla aurata"],["26797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla citrina rubecula","Gould, 1836","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.37 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E365F2A5",null,null,"Java ; restricted to West Java by Bartels, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46, p. 115.","Characters of some new species of Birds in the Society's Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/19/mode/1up","Geocichla rubecula"],["26798","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla dohertyi","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.555 pl.11 fig.3","Chestnut-backed Thrush","Chestnut-backed Thrush","Chestnut-backed Thrush",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Flores) and western Timor",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708361","chbthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbthr1","avibase-BD5E4D1A",null,null,"Lombok, 2000-5000 ft. (type), hills above Labuan-Hadji, east coast; also Sumbawa.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/607/mode/1up","Geocichla dohertyi"],["26799","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla cinerea","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.23","Ashy Thrush","Ashy Thrush","Ashy Thrush",null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708367","ashthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashthr1","avibase-552E29B1",null,null,"Mindoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/27/mode/1up","Geocichla cinerea"],["26800","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla mendeni","(Neumann, 1939)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.47","Red-and-black Thrush","Red-and-black Thrush","Red-and-black Thrush",null,null,"Peleng, in Banggai Islands, and Taliabu, in Sula Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732961","rabthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rabthr1","avibase-55A20FBF",null,null,"Peling.","A new Species, and a new Race from Peling.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/77/mode/1up","Turdus (Geokichla) mendeni"],["26801","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla erythronota","Sclater, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.113","Red-backed Thrush","Red-backed Thrush","Red-backed Thrush",null,null,"Sulawesi and islands to the southeast",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733682","rubthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubthr2","avibase-7B78D803",null,null,"Macassar.","Extracts from Correspondence, Notices, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/141/mode/1up","Geocichla erythronota"],["26802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla erythronota erythronota","Sclater, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22CCCF34",null,null,"Macassar.","Extracts from Correspondence, Notices, &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/141/mode/1up","Geocichla erythronota"],["26803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla erythronota kabaena","(Robinson-Dean, Willmott, Catterall et al., 2002)","Forktail 18 p.1-10",null,null,null,null,null,"Kabaena Island (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF523E4E",null,null,"Indonesia, Sulawesi subregion, Pulau Kabaena (Kabaena Island), Tangkeno, 4 km south (5°17’27”S 121°54’33”E), 431 m, collected by Julia Robinson-Dean, 4 September 2001","A new subspecies of Red-backed Thrush Zoothera erythronota kabaena subsp. nov. (Muscicapidae: Turdidae), from Kabaena island, Indonesia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215909242","Zoothera erythronota kabaena"],["26804","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla interpres","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.77, vol.2 pl.458","Chestnut-capped Thrush","Chestnut-capped Thrush","Chestnut-capped Thrush",null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, southern Philippines (Sulu Archipelago), and Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733677","chcthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcthr1","avibase-8A975661",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/352/mode/1up","Turdus interpres"],["26805","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla leucolaema","Salvadori, 1892","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.135","Enggano Thrush","Enggano Thrush","Enggano Thrush",null,null,"Enggano Island (off southwestern Sumatra)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732956","engthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/engthr1","avibase-04480AF2",null,null,"Bua-Bua, Enggano Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/143/mode/1up","Geocichla leucolaema"],["26806","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla dumasi","Rothschild, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.30","Buru Thrush","Buru Thrush","Buru Thrush",null,null,"mid-mountain forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733666","burthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burthr1","avibase-ACD5455A",null,null,"Mount Mada, 3,000 ft., Buru.","[Exhibition and description of a new Thrush].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/550/mode/1up","Geocichla dumasi"],["26807","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla joiceyi","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.74","Seram Thrush","Seram Thrush","Seram Thrush",null,null,"mid-mountain forest of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733672","serthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/serthr2","avibase-ECBCA806",null,null,"high mountains of Ceram.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Thrush from Ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/104/mode/1up","Turdus joiceyi"],["26808","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla schistacea","Meyer, 1884","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 p.211 pl.8","Slaty-backed Thrush","Slaty-backed Thrush","Slaty-backed Thrush",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Yamdena and Larat)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708342","slbthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbthr1","avibase-EF99AC5E",null,null,"Tanimbar.","Über neue und ungenügend bekannte Vögel im Königl. Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/221/mode/1up","Geocichla schistacea"],["26809","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla peronii","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.276","Orange-sided Thrush","Orange-banded Thrush","Orange-banded Thrush",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708370","orbthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbthr1","avibase-63802CCE",null,null,"New Holland [errore = Timor ; restricted to Kupang by Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 155].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/294/mode/1up","Turdus peronii"],["26810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla peronii peronii","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Rote and western Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A153B9FA",null,null,"New Holland [errore = Timor ; restricted to Kupang by Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 155].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/294/mode/1up","Turdus peronii"],["26811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Geokichla peronii audacis","Hartert, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (eastern Timor, Wetar, Romang, Damar, and Babar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-694D59C6",null,null,"Dammar Island, in the south of the Banda Sea.","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Thrush from Dammar Island, in the south of Banda Sea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/563/mode/1up","Geocichla audacis"],["26812","genus","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus viscivorus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 27).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Turdus"],["26813","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus mupinensis","Laubmann, 1920","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 28 p.17","Chinese Thrush","Chinese Thrush","Chinese Thrush","2025-0091","Taxon <em>mupinensis </em>(monotypic) is placed in the genus <em>Turdus </em>based on available evidence. Sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Otocichla</em>, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data do not provide unambiguous support for this arrangement (Nylander et al. 2008; Batista et al. 2020), and genomic data for <em>mupinensis </em>is lacking (Batista et al. 2020); further research desirable.","western China (southern Gansu to Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708826","chithr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chithr2","avibase-4435BAA4",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet [= Mupin, vide Verreaux, 1872, ibid., 7 (1871), p. 32]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101390#page/27/mode/1up","Turdus mupinensis"],["26814","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus simensis","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.81, pl. 29, fig. 1","Ethiopian Thrush","Ethiopian Thrush","Ethiopian Thrush","2025-0092, 2025-0093","2025-0092)) Taxa <em>litsitsirupa </em>(polytypic) and <em>simensis </em>(monotypic) are placed in the genus <em>Turdus </em>based on available evidence. Sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Psophocichla</em>, genomic data recover them as part of a basal polytomy within an expanded <em>Turdus</em> (Batista et al. 2020) and this treatment is adopted pending further research. 2025-0093)) Taxon <em>simensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Turdus litsitsirupa</em> based on moderate divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Nylander et al. 2008), and apparent differences in vocalizations; further genetic research and formal bioacoustic analyses desirable.","foothill to montane bamboo thickets, Hagenia scrub, moorland, heath, and urban scrub, in highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103887388","grothr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grothr2","avibase-E8E2ED6D",null,null,"Angetkat, northern Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/161/mode/1up","Merula (Turdus) simensis"],["26815","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus litsitsirupa","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.45","Groundscraper Thrush","Groundscraper Thrush","Groundscraper Thrush","2025-0092, 2025-0093","2025-0092)) Taxa <em>litsitsirupa </em>(polytypic) and <em>simensis </em>(monotypic) are placed in the genus <em>Turdus </em>based on available evidence. Sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Psophocichla</em>, genomic data recover them as part of a basal polytomy within an expanded <em>Turdus</em> (Batista et al. 2020) and this treatment is adopted pending further research. 2025-0093)) Taxon <em>simensis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Turdus litsitsirupa</em> based on moderate divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Nylander et al. 2008), and apparent differences in vocalizations; further genetic research and formal bioacoustic analyses desirable.","lowland to montane open woodland, sandveld, and moorland, from Angola, southern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and southwestern Tanzania, southward to central Namibia, Botswana, north-central and eastern South Africa, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103887337","grothr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grothr1","avibase-8C5759C5",null,null,"between the Orange River and the Tropic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/125/mode/1up","Merula litsitsirupa"],["26816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus litsitsirupa litsitsirupa","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"central Namibia to Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDD0CC35",null,null,"between the Orange River and the Tropic.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/125/mode/1up","Merula litsitsirupa"],["26817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus litsitsirupa stierlingi","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Tanzania, western Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7062E33F",null,null,"Iringa.","Zur Tierverbreitung in Afrika II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/23/mode/1up","Geocichla litsipsirupa stierlingi"],["26818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus litsitsirupa pauciguttatus","Clancey, 1956","Durban Museum Novitates 4 (17) p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia and northwestern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7B0A26B",null,null,"Okahandja, Damaraland, South West Africa.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 7. The South African races of the Ground-scraper Thrush Turdus litsipsirupa (Smith).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1949","Turdus litsipsirupa pauciguttatus"],["26819","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus viscivorus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168","Mistle Thrush","Mistle Thrush","Mistle Thrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill lightly-wooded open land, riverine forest, grassland with scrub, mountain steppe, and park-like farmland, from British Isles eastward to central Siberia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Caucasus, northern India, and western Nepal; northern populations migrate southward as far as northwestern Africa, Middle East, and south-central Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708829","misthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/misthr1","avibase-A95B43F1",null,null,"further restricted to Berechurch, near Colchester, Essex, southeastern England by Clancey, 1950, ibid., p. 338.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Turdus viscivorus"],["26820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus viscivorus deichleri","Erlanger, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa, Corsica, and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D530ED84",null,null,"Ain-bou-Dries, Tunisia.","Vier weitere neue Vogelarten aus Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/208/mode/1up","Turdus viscivorus deichleri"],["26821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus viscivorus viscivorus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic (except range of deichleri) to western Siberia; winters to northern Africa and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF7C9779",null,null,"further restricted to Berechurch, near Colchester, Essex, southeastern England by Clancey, 1950, ibid., p. 338.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Turdus viscivorus"],["26822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus viscivorus bonapartei","Cabanis, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.45 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia to central Asia and the Himalayas; winters to northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0718E5FC",null,null,"Himalaya.","Eine neue Drossel-Gattung, Psophocichla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/195/mode/1up","T[urdus] Bonapartei"],["26823","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus philomelos","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.382","Song Thrush","Song Thrush","Song Thrush",null,null,"lowland to submontane open woodland, parkland, small woodlots, orchards, and suburban gardens, from British Isles eastward to central Siberia, and southward to Iberian Peninsula, Balkans, Caucasus, and northern Iran; northern populations migrate southward as far as northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Persian Gulf",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708822","sonthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sonthr1","avibase-D929EB21",null,null,"wanders in April and October through central Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/414/mode/1up","Turdus philomelos"],["26824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus philomelos hebridensis","Clarke, 1913","The Scottish Naturalist p.53, pl. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Outer Hebrides and Isle of Skye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A49377AE",null,null,"Barra, Outer Hebrides.","The Song-Thrush of the Outer Hebrides, Turdus musicus hebridensis, a new racial form.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18249#page/62/mode/1up","Turdus musicus hebridensis"],["26825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus philomelos clarkei","Hartert, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles and western Europe; winters to northern Mediterranean basin; introduced southeastern Australia (southern Victoria), Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands (east of Australia), and New Zealand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F223D02C",null,null,"Tring, Herts (England).","British Song-Thrush distinguished as Turdus philomelos clarkei.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/426/mode/1up","Turdus philomelos clarkei"],["26826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus philomelos philomelos","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and eastern Europe to central Asia; winters to North Africa and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D711AB",null,null,"wanders in April and October through central Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/414/mode/1up","Turdus philomelos"],["26827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus philomelos nataliae","Buturlin, 1929","Sistematicheskie Zametki o Ptitsakh Severnogo Kavkaza p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sayan Mountains to Lake Baikal and northern Iran; winters to southern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD9B9C88",null,null,"Krasnoyarsk [reference not verified].",null,null,"Turdus philomelus nataliae"],["26828","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.273","African Thrush","African Thrush","African Thrush",null,null,"lowland to montane deciduous and evergreen woodland, wooded savanna, farmland, and parks, from Senegambia eastward through Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward to western Angola, northern Zambia, and western Tanzania; northern populations partially migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708702","afrthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrthr1","avibase-40A2405D",null,null,"ex Asia centrali [= Fazoglu (Fazughli, Sudan), vide Rensch, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 99].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/431/mode/1up","Turdus pelios"],["26829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios chiguancoides","Seebohm, 1881","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and northern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED5852FD",null,null,"plains of the Gambia River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/253/mode/1up","Turdus chiguancoides"],["26830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios saturatus","(Cabanis, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.159 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ghana to Cameroon, western Republic of the Congo, and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83F49AFD",null,null,"Camerun and Chinchoxo [= Duala, vide Rensch, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 97].","Ueber die im Berliner Museum befindlichen Arten der afrikanischen Drossel-Gruppe Peliocichla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/332/mode/1up","P[eliocichla] saturata"],["26831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios nigrilorum","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F806C90",null,null,"Buea, Cameroon Mountain.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/208/mode/1up","Turdus nigrilorum"],["26832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios poensis","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AB6D192",null,null,"Bakaki.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/409/mode/1up","Turdus poensis"],["26833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios pelios","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and eastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-258FBCD4",null,null,"ex Asia centrali [= Fazoglu (Fazughli, Sudan), vide Rensch, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 99].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/431/mode/1up","Turdus pelios"],["26834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios bocagei","(Cabanis, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.159 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola (Benguela highlands) to western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35B27E0F",null,null,"Angola.","Ueber die im Berliner Museum befindlichen Arten der afrikanischen Drossel-Gruppe Peliocichla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/332/mode/1up","P[eliocichla] Bocagei"],["26835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios centralis","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.690",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Central African Republic and eastern Congo to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F156001D",null,null,"Wadelai on Bahr el Jebel, vide Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, p. 587.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/734/mode/1up","Turdus pelios centralis"],["26836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios graueri","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Burundi, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D525FB00",null,null,"Nsasa, southeastern Ruanda.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/82/mode/1up","Turdus graueri"],["26837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pelios stormsi","Hartlaub, 1886","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 4 p.143, pl. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga), and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23AB7CC4",null,null,"Mpala (on west shore of Lake Tanganyika).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34998#page/147/mode/1up","Turdus stormsi"],["26838","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceofuscus","Hartlaub, 1852","Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg 2 p.49 pl.3","Sao Tome Thrush","Sao Tome Thrush","Sao Tome Thrush",null,null,"São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736406","satthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satthr1","avibase-927299E4",null,null,"São Tome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105285#page/291/mode/1up","Turdus olivaceofuscus"],["26839","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus xanthorhynchus","Salvadori, 1901","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 16, no.414 p.2","Principe Thrush","Principe Thrush","Principe Thrush",null,null,"Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736414","prithr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prithr1","avibase-E636E6DC",null,null,"Princes Island [=Principe]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43058#page/280/mode/1up","Turdus xanthorhynchus"],["26840","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus abyssinicus","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.824-825","Abyssinian Thrush","Abyssinian Thrush","Abyssinian Thrush",null,null,"montane forest from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and southern South Sudan southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania to Malawi and northeastern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734111","abythr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abythr1","avibase-428DA7CD",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/325/mode/1up","Turdus abyssinicus"],["26841","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus abyssinicus abyssinicus","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.824-825",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, southeastern South Sudan, northern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9073C2CC",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/325/mode/1up","Turdus abyssinicus"],["26842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus abyssinicus deckeni","Cabanis, 1868","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tanzania (Longido and Ketumbeine to Mount Kilimanjaro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68CA5059",null,null,"East Africa [= Kilimanjaro, vide Reichenow, 1894,","Protokoll der VII. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/428/mode/1up","Turdus Deckeni"],["26843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus abyssinicus oldeani","Sclater & Moreau, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56DA64D1",null,null,"Oldeani Forest, 6,500 ft., Mbulu District, Tanganyika.","Account of Mr. R. E. Moreau's recent expedition to the central northern highlands of Tanganyika Territory, and description of one new species and five new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/47/mode/1up","Turdus olivaceus oldeani"],["26844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus abyssinicus bambusicola","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Burundi, Rwanda, southwestern Uganda, northwestern Tanzania, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92A6B97B",null,null,"Bamboo Forest, 2,300-2,400 m., western Kivu Volcanos.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/82/mode/1up","Turdus olivaceus bambusicola"],["26845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus abyssinicus baraka","(Sharpe, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89586F7B",null,null,"Ruwenzori.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/499/mode/1up","Merula baraka"],["26846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus abyssinicus nyikae","Reichenow, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 no.6 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania (Nguru and Uluguru mountains), northern Malawi, and northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB5D2747",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/111/mode/1up","Turdus nyikae"],["26847","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus roehli","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.182","Usambara Thrush","Usambara Thrush","Usambara Thrush",null,null,"local in foothill and submontane understory of forest in Taita Hills (southeastern Kenya)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734114","usathr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/usathr1","avibase-5A00E5A5",null,null,"Mlalo, near Lushota, Usambara Mountains [Tanzania]","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/196/mode/1up","Turdus roehli"],["26848","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus helleri","(Mearns, 1913)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.10 p.1","Taita Thrush","Taita Thrush","Taita Thrush",null,null,"local in foothill and submontane understory of forest in Taita Hills (southeastern Kenya)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708740","taithr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taithr1","avibase-FC085C6D",null,null,"Mount Mbololo, east of Mount Kilimanjaro, southeastern Kenya.","Descriptions of four new African Thrushes of the genera Planesticus and Geocichla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/303/mode/1up","Planesticus helleri"],["26849","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ludoviciae","(Lort Phillips, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.36","Somali Thrush","Somali Thrush","Somali Thrush",null,null,"foothill to submontane open juniper woodland in northern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708735","somthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somthr1","avibase-8363CB4A",null,null,"Somaliland (Darass).","Exhibition of new species of Merula and Corvus from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/262/mode/1up","Merula ludoviciae"],["26850","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus tephronotus","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205,218 pl.3 fig.2","Bare-eyed Thrush","Bare-eyed Thrush","Bare-eyed Thrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill thornscrub, open brushy woodland, and arid rocky thickets, from southern Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward to northeastern and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708707","abethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abethr1","avibase-A0DC8E87",null,null,"Tiva River and Ndi, Taita.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Turdus tephronotus"],["26851","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus smithi","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.274","Karoo Thrush","Karoo Thrush","Karoo Thrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill riparian woodland, semi-desert, Karoo, plantations, and towns, from southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa eastward to southeastern Botswana, northeastern South Africa, and western Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734108","karthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/karthr1","avibase-0816917D",null,null,"ex Afr. mer.':",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/432/mode/1up","T[urdus] smithi"],["26852","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.292","Olive Thrush","Olive Thrush","Olive Thrush",null,null,"foothill and montane forest, unburnt Fynbos, thornscrub, and gardens, from southern Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, and western Mozambique, southward to eastern and southern South Africa; local downslope movement in southern winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888967","olithr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olithr2","avibase-3A7D7B07",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/296/mode/1up","Turdus olivaceus"],["26853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceus milanjensis","Shelley, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Malawi and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-299098C2",null,null,"Mlanje Plateau, 6,000 ft., southern Nyasaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/42/mode/1up","Turdus milanjensis"],["26854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceus swynnertoni","Bannerman, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C5923A8",null,null,"Chirinda Forest.","Description of a new species of Thrush from Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/82/mode/1up","Turdus swynnertoni"],["26855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceus transvaalensis","(Roberts, 1936)","Ostrich 7 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81CB6E9C",null,null,"Woodbush Forest Reserve, Transvaal.","Classification of South African Birds. Description of some new subspecies and a necessary change of name.",null,"Afrocichla olivacea transvaalensis"],["26856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceus culminans","Clancey, 1982","Durban Museum Novitates 13 pt7 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (western KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A68057F",null,null,"Qudeni Forest, Zululand, at 1525 m","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. LXII. [1.] The Olive Thrush Turdus olivaceus Linnaeus in southern Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2119","Turdus olivaceus culminans"],["26857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceus olivaceus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70C122D4",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/296/mode/1up","Turdus olivaceus"],["26858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivaceus pondoensis","Reichenow, 1917","Journal für Ornithologie 65, no.3 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Africa (eastern KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B53988F",null,null,"Pondoland in southeast Africa.","[Neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43317#page/401/mode/1up","Turdus pondoensis"],["26859","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus bewsheri","Newton, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.299 pl.34","Comoro Thrush","Comoro Thrush","Comoro Thrush",null,null,"western and central Comoros",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708748","comthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comthr1","avibase-9B5CD224",null,null,"Anjuan Island [=Nzwani], Comoro Islands","On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Anjuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/393/mode/1up","Turdus bewsheri"],["26860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus bewsheri comorensis","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DDD54E8",null,null,"Grand Comoro.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/227/mode/1up","Turdus comorensis"],["26861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus bewsheri moheliensis","Benson, 1960","Ibis vol.103b, no.1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Mohéli (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1113DE49",null,null,"Nioumachoua, Moheli, at sea-level, 13 September 1958","The birds of the Comoro Islands : results of the British Ornithologists' Union Centenary Expedition 1958.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x","Turdus bewsheri moheliensis"],["26862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus bewsheri bewsheri","Newton, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.299 pl.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Anjouan (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1687244",null,null,"Anjuan Island [=Nzwani], Comoro Islands","On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Anjuan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/393/mode/1up","Turdus bewsheri"],["26863","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus libonyana","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.45","Kurrichane Thrush","Kurrichane Thrush","Kurrichane Thrush",null,null,"lowland to montane miombo woodland, acacia woodland, and gardens, from Angola and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward (excluding Congolian rainforest) to southeastern Burundi and northern Tanzania, and southward to northeastern Namibia, northern and southeastern Botswana, southern Mozambique, eastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708712","kurthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kurthr1","avibase-5D12DEA5",null,null,"near Kurrichane, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/125/mode/1up","Merula Libonyana"],["26864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus libonyana tropicalis","Peters, 1881","Journal für Ornithologie 29, no.153 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38C5D97E",null,null,"Inhambane, Mozambique.","Ueber zwei neue mit Turdus libonyanus und Cinnyris olivaceus Smith verwandte Arten aus Inhambane.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102782#page/62/mode/1up","Turdus tropicalis"],["26865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus libonyana verreauxii","Bocage, 1869","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola, northern Namibia, Zambia, western Zimbabwe, and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2A5A681",null,null,"Angola",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/361/mode/1up","Turdus verreauxi"],["26866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus libonyana libonyana","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Botswana to Mozambique, northeastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6202908",null,null,"near Kurrichane, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/125/mode/1up","Merula Libonyana"],["26867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus libonyana peripheris","Clancey, 1952","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 1/2, Jahrgang 3 p.17-18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), southeastern Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E550510",null,null,"Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa.","Three new Races of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156190#page/29/mode/1up","Turdus libonyanus peripheris"],["26868","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus turdoides","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.70","Sulawesi Thrush","Sulawesi Thrush","Sulawesi Thrush","2025-1229","Taxon <em>turdoides </em>is placed in <em>Turdus</em>, rather than <em>Cataponera</em>, based on the multilocus and genomic DNA evidence of Reeve et al. (2022).","montane Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708538","sulthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sulthr1","avibase-6813F422",null,null,"Bonthain Peak, South Celebes","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the mountains of southern Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/88/mode/1up","Cataponera turdoides"],["26869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus turdoides abditivus","(Riley, 1918)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7433245B",null,null,"Rano Rano, Celebes.","Two new genera and eight new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/198/mode/1up","Cataponera abditiva"],["26870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus turdoides tenebrosus","(Stresemann, 1938)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Sulawesi (Latimojong Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-483C8062",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VIII. Weitere Ergänzungen zur Avifauna von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0045-0049.pdf#page=2","Cataponera turdoides tenebrosa"],["26871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus turdoides turdoides","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sulawesi (Lompobattang Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52D6F8B0",null,null,"Bonthain Peak, South Celebes","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the mountains of southern Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/88/mode/1up","Cataponera turdoides"],["26872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus turdoides heinrichi","(Stresemann, 1938)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sulawesi (Mekonga Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E254658",null,null,"Tanke Salokko, 2,000 m., Mengkoka Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VIII. Weitere Ergänzungen zur Avifauna von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0045-0049.pdf#page=2","Cataponera turdoides heinrichi"],["26873","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus mandarinus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.275","Chinese Blackbird","Chinese Blackbird","Chinese Blackbird",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, parkland, grassland with shrubs, orchards, and gardens, in central and eastern China, and has recently expanded to southern South Korea; some northern populations migrate southward to northern Indochina and Hainan (China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888237","chibla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chibla1","avibase-BE61F5C1",null,null,"Asia or China [= Amoy to Shanghai; vide Swinhoe, 1860, Ibis, p. 56].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/435/mode/1up","T[urdus] mandarinus"],["26874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus mandarinus sowerbyi","Deignan, 1951","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64, no.24 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sichuan; resident?",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEADD15C",null,null,"Loshan (Kiating), Szechwan Province, China.","A new Black-bird (Aves) from Western China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/153/mode/1up","Turdus merula sowerbyi"],["26875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus mandarinus mandarinus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern and southeastern China (from southern Gansu and southern Shaanxi northeastward thorugh Beijing to Liaoning and southward through eastern Sichuan to western Yunnan and eastward to Guangdong) and has recently expanded patchily to southwestern South Korea; partially migratory, wintering to Hainan and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F32F9693",null,null,"Asia or China [= Amoy to Shanghai; vide Swinhoe, 1860, Ibis, p. 56].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/435/mode/1up","T[urdus] mandarinus"],["26876","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus menachensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.86","Yemen Thrush","Yemen Thrush","Yemen Thrush",null,null,"mountains of southwestern Arabian Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708745","yemthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yemthr1","avibase-F1E0AFD4",null,null,"Menacha, Yemen.","Description and remarks on new species of birds collected by G. W. Bury in Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/114/mode/1up","Turdus menachensis"],["26877","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus iliacus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168","Redwing","Redwing","Redwing",null,null,"lowland to submontane open coniferous forest, edges of open deciduous and mixed forest, shoreline thickets, tundra scrub, and gardens, from Iceland, Scotland, and Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia, and southward to northeastern Europe, northern Kazakhstan, and northern Mongolia; migrates to western Europe, northwestern Africa, and Middle East",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708819","redwin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redwin","avibase-A8A85BCF",null,null,"Europe [= in sylvis acerosis (Sweden), vide, 1761, Fauna Svecica, p. 79] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Turdus iliacus"],["26878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus iliacus coburni","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland and Faroe Islands; winters to northwestern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9B47675",null,null,"Iceland.","On the Redwing of Iceland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/284/mode/1up","Turdus coburni"],["26879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus iliacus iliacus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Europe to central Asia; winters to North Africa and Near East",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A0C0576",null,null,"Europe [= in sylvis acerosis (Sweden), vide, 1761, Fauna Svecica, p. 79] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Turdus iliacus"],["26880","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170","Common Blackbird","Eurasian Blackbird","Eurasian Blackbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane open forest, woodland with shrubby understory, parkland, and gardens, from southern Iceland (scarce), Faroe Islands, British Isles, and Scandinavia eastward to northwestern China, and southward to Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands, northwestern Africa, southern Greece, Levant, Iran, and northern Afghanistan; northern and highland populations move downslope in winter, and some migrate to north-coastal Africa and Persian Gulf; introduced to southeastern Australia and New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888106","eurbla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurbla","avibase-88BB4F2A",null,null,"in Europae sylvis; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 665.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","Turdus Merula"],["26881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula merula","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"western Europe; introduced southeastern Australia (southeastern Queensland to Eyre Peninsula, Tasmania, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands (east of Australia), New Zealand (including subantarctic islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7913FD77",null,null,"in Europae sylvis; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 665.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","Turdus Merula"],["26882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula azorensis","Hartert, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.1 p.116-117",null,null,null,null,null,"Azores",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEFCF76D",null,null,"south of Santa Cruz, Graciosa, Azores.","On the birds of the Azores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/130/mode/1up","Turdus merula azorensis"],["26883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula cabrerae","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira and western Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-195D1673",null,null,"Mercedes, Tenerife.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. V. Kapitel. Die Fauna der Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/355/mode/1up","Turdus merula cabrerae"],["26884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula mauritanicus","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"North Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30B4C739",null,null,"Mhoiwla, near Mazagan, Morocco.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. IV. Abschnitt. Frühlingsausflug nach Marokko und Teneriffe. II. Kapitel. Einige Kurze Notizen über die Vogel der Gegend um Mazagan im mittleren Marokko.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/371/mode/1up","Turdus merula mauritanicus"],["26885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula aterrimus","(Madarász, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Europe to Crete, Rhodes, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CC52010",null,null,"Vladikavkaz, northern Caucasus.","Merula aterrima n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/204/mode/1up","Merula aterrima"],["26886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula syriacus","Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Türkiye to Syria, northern Iraq, and southern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77106F4F",null,null,"Syria [= Lebanon, vide Kumerloeve, 1962, Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ., no. 20, p. 30].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/64/mode/1up","Turdus Merula var. syriaca"],["26887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus merula intermedius","(Richmond, 1896)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1083 p.585",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Asia to northeastern Afghanistan, Pamirs, and Xinjiang; winters to southern Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C593088",null,null,"Aksu, Eastern Turkestan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/667/mode/1up","Merula merula intermedia"],["26888","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus kessleri","(Przevalski, 1876)","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.62 pl.10","White-backed Thrush","White-backed Thrush","White-backed Thrush",null,null,"breeds Himalayas of western China (Gansu to Sichuan); winters to northern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708786","whbthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbthr2","avibase-8A6BF14B",null,null,"Kansu [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Merula Kessleri"],["26889","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus maximus","(Seebohm, 1881)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.405","Tibetan Blackbird","Tibetan Blackbird","Tibetan Blackbird",null,null,"western Pakistan and India to Sikkim, Bhutan, and southeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103892028","tibbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibbla1","avibase-9E3252A7",null,null,"Kashmir [= Gulmarg, vide Meinertzhagen, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 99].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/427/mode/1up","Merula maxima"],["26890","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pilaris","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168","Fieldfare","Fieldfare","Fieldfare",null,null,"breeds northern Palearctic; winters to northern Africa, Mediterranean, and Near East",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708816","fieldf","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fieldf","avibase-D120D5A0",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 646.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/187/mode/1up","Turdus pilaris"],["26891","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus albocinctus","Royle, 1840","Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan mountains, and of the flora of Cashmere 1 p.77,78","White-collared Blackbird","White-collared Blackbird","White-collared Blackbird",null,null,"Himalayas of northern India to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northwestern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708765","whcbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcbla1","avibase-4699C170",null,null,"'Hills' [= Himalayas; restricted to Dehra Dun by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 531].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9615#page/96/mode/1up","T[urdus] albocinctus"],["26892","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rubrocanus","Gray & Gray, 1847","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.81","Chestnut Thrush","Chestnut Thrush","Chestnut Thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane coniferous and mixed broadleaf evergreen forest, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward to northern India and Bhutan, and from eastern Tibetan Plateau to central China; downslope dispersal in winter, and short-distance migrant to Himalayan foothills and northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708783","chethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chethr1","avibase-82351263",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/97/mode/1up","Turdus rubrocanus"],["26893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rubrocanus rubrocanus","Gray & Gray, 1847","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Afghanistan to Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2F323DC",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/97/mode/1up","Turdus rubrocanus"],["26894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rubrocanus gouldii","(Verreaux, 1871)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of southeastern Tibet to southwestern China and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19587B34",null,null,"Setchuan occidental [= Paohing, eastern Sikang].","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/336/mode/1up","Merula Gouldi"],["26895","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus torquatus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170","Ring Ouzel","Ring Ouzel","Ring Ouzel",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane coniferous steppe, rhododendron alpine scrub, heather moorland with bracken, and subalpine meadow, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to northwestern Russia, and southward to northern Spain, European Alps, Caucasus, and northern Iran; migrates southward to Iberian Peninsula, northern Africa, southern Europe, and Middle East",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708768","rinouz1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinouz1","avibase-CE71B4FF",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 663.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","Turdus torquatus"],["26896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus torquatus torquatus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia, Britain, Ireland, and coastal western France; winters in southern Europe and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29440E78",null,null,"Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 663.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","Turdus torquatus"],["26897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus torquatus alpestris","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.377-378, pl. XXI, fig. 6",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of central and southern Europe; winters to Türkiye and northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-186DAC2F",null,null,"Alpine Tyrol.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/409/mode/1up","Merula alpestris"],["26898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus torquatus amicorum","Hartert, 1923","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 Nacht.1 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Caucasus and eastern Türkiye to northern Iran; winters to southern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D576255",null,null,"Caucasus and Persia",null,null,"Turdus torquatus amicorum"],["26899","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ruficollis","Pallas, 1776","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694","Red-throated Thrush","Red-throated Thrush","Rufous-throated Thrush",null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia to northeastern China; winters to western China, Myanmar, and northeastern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103892167","retthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retthr1","avibase-77B6BACB",null,null,"Dauria [= Transbaicalia] .",null,null,"Turdus ruficollis"],["26900","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus atrogularis","Jarocki, 1819","Spis ptaków w gabinecie Zoologicznym Królewsko Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu znayduiących się a podług naynowszego systemu ustawionych p.14","Black-throated Thrush","Black-throated Thrush","Black-throated Thrush",null,null,"breeds eastern Russia to western Siberia; winters to northern India and China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736108","datthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/datthr1","avibase-AECDBFFA",null,null,"Poland [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Turdus atrogularis"],["26901","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus naumanni","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.170","Naumann's Thrush","Naumann's Thrush","Naumann's Thrush",null,null,"breeds central Siberia to northeastern China, Amurland, and Sakhalin; winters to Korean Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103892088","dusthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusthr1","avibase-22761AD4",null,null,"Silesia and Austria. . . . Hungary.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/298/mode/1up","Turdus naumanni"],["26902","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus eunomus","Temminck, 1831","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.87, vol.2 pl.514","Dusky Thrush","Dusky Thrush","Dusky Thrush",null,null,"breeds northern Siberia to Kamchatka; winters to Japan, southern China, and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736111","dusthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusthr2","avibase-E3B69278",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/345/mode/1up","Turdus eunomus"],["26903","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus niveiceps","(Hellmayr, 1919)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 14 Heft1 p.133","Taiwan Thrush","Taiwan Thrush","Taiwan Thrush","2025-0094","Taxon <em>niveiceps </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Turdus poliocephalus</em> (polytypic) based on genetics. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Nylander et al. 2008) and genomic data (Reeve et al. 2023a) both recovered <em>niveiceps </em>as a divergent lineage, rendering <em>T. poliocephalus</em> non-monophyletic.","mountains of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891997","islthr24","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr24","avibase-7CE0A1A9",null,null,"Formosa [=Taiwan]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103534#page/165/mode/1up","Planesticus niveiceps"],["26904","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus boulboul","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.80","Grey-winged Blackbird","Gray-winged Blackbird","Grey-winged Blackbird",null,null,"Himalayas of western Pakistan to northern Myanmar, southern China, and northern southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708772","gywbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gywbla1","avibase-06DEFA6B",null,null,"India; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 130.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/102/mode/1up","Lanius boulboul"],["26905","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus simillimus","Jerdon, 1839","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.253-254","Indian Blackbird","Indian Blackbird","Indian Blackbird",null,null,"foothill deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forest, wooded ravines, and plantations, in Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, some downslope dispersal post-breeding, and northern birds winter southward to Kerala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891972","eurbla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurbla2","avibase-CED9626E",null,null,"Nilgiris ; restricted to Avalanche, higher southern Nilgiri Plateau, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/277/mode/1up","Turdus simillimus"],["26906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus simillimus nigropileus","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western, central, and southeastern India (mainly in the northern Western Ghats, Satpura Range, and Eastern Ghats); winters southward to Kerala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B1DA615",null,null,"Nilgiris ; restricted to Kalhatti, northern Nilgiri Plateau, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 50.","Oiseaux nouveaux, recueillis sur le plateau des Neelgheries, dans les Indes orientales, par M. Ad. Delessert.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/75/mode/1up","Merula nigropileus"],["26907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus simillimus simillimus","Jerdon, 1839","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.253-254",null,null,null,null,null,"Nilgiris and surrounding hills (southwestern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-261A8BA3",null,null,"Nilgiris ; restricted to Avalanche, higher southern Nilgiri Plateau, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 49, p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/277/mode/1up","Turdus simillimus"],["26908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus simillimus bourdilloni","(Seebohm, 1881)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.251-252, pl. XV",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of Kerala (south of Palghat Gap, southwestern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25177BD5",null,null,"Travancore [= Colathoorpolay Patnas, Travancore, vide Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 76].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/273/mode/1up","Merula bourdilloni"],["26909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus simillimus kinnisii","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0B8D6BD",null,null,"Newera Elia.","Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/225/mode/1up","Merula Kinnisii"],["26910","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus cardis","Temminck, 1831","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.87, vol.2 pl.518","Japanese Thrush","Japanese Thrush","Japanese Thrush",null,null,"breeds central China and Japan; winters to southern China and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708762","japthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japthr1","avibase-259E02EC",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/351/mode/1up","Turdus cardis"],["26911","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus hortulorum","Sclater, 1863","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.18 p.196","Grey-backed Thrush","Gray-backed Thrush","Grey-backed Thrush",null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia, northeastern China, and North Korea; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708753","gybthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybthr1","avibase-FCC6C5EA",null,null,"Camoens Garden, Macao.","Note on the Eastern-Asiatic Thrushes of the Genus Turdus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/224/mode/1up","Turdus hortulorum"],["26912","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus unicolor","Tickell, 1833","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.577","Tickell's Thrush","Tickell's Thrush","Tickell's Thrush",null,null,"breeds Himalayas of Kashmir to Nepal; winters to southern Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708756","ticthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ticthr1","avibase-F4692C3B",null,null,"Bansigar in Borabhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/635/mode/1up","T[urdus] unicolor"],["26913","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus dissimilis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.144","Black-breasted Thrush","Black-breasted Thrush","Black-breasted Thrush",null,null,"mountains of Assam to southwestern China, northern Myanmar, and northern southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708759","blbthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbthr2","avibase-54C010AC",null,null,"lower Bengal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/176/mode/1up","T[urdus] dissimilis"],["26914","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus celaenops","Stejneger, 1887","Science 10 p.108","Izu Thrush","Izu Thrush","Izu Thrush",null,null,"Izu Islands and Yakushima (Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708803","izuthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/izuthr1","avibase-57274462",null,null,"Miyakeshima, The Seven Islands, Idzu, Japan.","Diagnosis of a New Species of Thrush (Turdus celanops sp. nov.) from Japan","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99281#page/130/mode/1up","Turdus celaenops"],["26915","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus chrysolaus","Temminck, 1832","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.91, vol.2 pl.537","Brown-headed Thrush","Brown-headed Thrush","Brown-headed Thrush",null,null,"Sakhalin and Kuril islands (southeastern Russia) to Honshu (central Japan); winters mainly to northern and western Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708800","brhthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brhthr1","avibase-F80DAC22",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/352/mode/1up","Turdus chrycolaus"],["26916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus chrysolaus orii","Yamashina, 1929","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 6, no.28 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kuril Islands; winters to main Japanese islands and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36217F25",null,null,"Paramushir Island, northern Kurile Islands.","On a collection of Birds from Paramushir Island, N. Kuriles, Japan.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.6.28_145","Turdus chrysolaus orii"],["26917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus chrysolaus chrysolaus","Temminck, 1832","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.91, vol.2 pl.537",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin Island (Russia) to northern Japan; winters to southern China and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B05E121",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/352/mode/1up","Turdus chrycolaus"],["26918","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus obscurus","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.816","Eyebrowed Thrush","Eyebrowed Thrush","Eyebrowed Thrush",null,null,"breeds Siberia, Mongolia, and Japan; winters to Indonesia and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708793","eyethr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eyethr","avibase-6E24CCD1",null,null,"'Sibiriae silvis, ultra lacum Baical.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/317/mode/1up","Turdus obscurus"],["26919","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pallidus","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.815","Pale Thrush","Pale Thrush","Pale Thrush",null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia to Kuril Islands and Japan; winters to southeastern Asia and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708797","palthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palthr1","avibase-B6A18478",null,null,"'Sibiria, ultima lacum Baikal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/316/mode/1up","Turdus pallidus"],["26920","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus feae","(Salvadori, 1887)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.25 p.514,610","Grey-sided Thrush","Gray-sided Thrush","Grey-sided Thrush",null,null,"breeds mountains of northeastern China (Liaoning); winters to India and Myanmar",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708790","gysthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gysthr1","avibase-4C2FBE92",null,null,"Mulayit Mountain, Tenasserim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94500#page/520/mode/1up","Merula Feae"],["26921","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus mindorensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.465-466","Mindoro Island Thrush","Mindoro Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","mountains of Mindoro (Philippines)",null,null,null,"islthr22","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr22","avibase-3DCE5A2C",null,null,"Mindoro.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part VII. The Highlands of Mindoro. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/521/mode/1up","Turdus mindorensis"],["26922","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus thomassoni","(Seebohm, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3, no.19 p.51","Luzon Island Thrush","Luzon Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","mountains of Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,"islthr36","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr36","avibase-597CFEB6",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","A new Blackbird, Merula thomassoni.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/149/mode/1up","Merula thomassoni"],["26923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus thomassoni thomassoni","(Seebohm, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3, no.19 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E252311F",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","A new Blackbird, Merula thomassoni.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/149/mode/1up","Merula thomassoni"],["26924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus thomassoni mayonensis","(Mearns, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 (5), section A p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A8FD50D",null,null,"Mount Mayon, 4,000 ft., Albay Province, Luzon,","Descriptions of a new genus and nine new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/484/mode/1up","Merula mayonensis"],["26925","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nigrorum","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.544-545","Mindanao Island Thrush","Mindanao Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","mountains of Negros, Panay, Sibuyan, and Mindanao (west-central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,"minist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minist1","avibase-3AA42F18",null,null,"volcano of Canloon, Negros.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part VIII. The Highlands of Negros. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/604/mode/1up","Turdus nigrorum"],["26926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nigrorum nigrorum","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.544-545",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Negros (west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10CFAA9A",null,null,"volcano of Canloon, Negros.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part VIII. The Highlands of Negros. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/604/mode/1up","Turdus nigrorum"],["26927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nigrorum malindangensis","(Mearns, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 (5), section A p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Malindang region of northwestern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2497273",null,null,"Mount Malindang, Lebo Peak, 5,750 ft., northwestern Mindanao.","Descriptions of a new genus and nine new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/483/mode/1up","Merula malindangensis"],["26928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nigrorum katanglad","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Katanglad region of central Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A033C91",null,null,"Mount Katanglad, 1,450 m., Bukidnon Province, central Mindanao.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Turdus poliocephalus katanglad"],["26929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nigrorum kelleri","(Mearns, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18, no.1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Apo and adjacent mountains of southeastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FB69D15",null,null,"Mount Apo, 6,000 ft., southern Mindanao.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/24/mode/1up","Merula kelleri"],["26930","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus erythropleurus","Sharpe, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3, no.34 p.515","Christmas Island Thrush","Christmas Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","Christmas Island (east-central Indian Ocean)",null,null,null,"islthr9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr9","avibase-ED63FBAB",null,null,"Christmas Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/637/mode/1up","Turdus erythropleurus"],["26931","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus schlegelii","Sclater, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.11 p.280,footnote","Wallacean Island Thrush","Wallacean Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","mountains of Sulawesi and Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,"walist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/walist1","avibase-78866E60",null,null,"Timor [= western Timor, vide Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, 83, p. 155].","Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of the Genus Turdus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/318/mode/1up","Turdus schlegelii"],["26932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus schlegelii hygroscopus","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Sulawesi (Latimojong Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBF15C6B",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains, 2,800 m.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. II. Neue Vogelrassen aus dem Latimodjong-Gebirge.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0044-0047.pdf","Turdus celebensis hygroscopus"],["26933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus schlegelii celebensis","(Büttikofer, 1893)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XV, Note VIII p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sulawesi (Bonthain Peak and Wawa Kareng)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4DC8AE2",null,null,"district of Macassar.","On Merula javanica and its nearest allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/121/mode/1up","Merula celebensis"],["26934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus schlegelii schlegelii","Sclater, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.11 p.280,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Mount Mutis on western Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1AC9AC7",null,null,"Timor [= western Timor, vide Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, 83, p. 155].","Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of the Genus Turdus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/318/mode/1up","Turdus schlegelii"],["26935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus schlegelii sterlingi","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.135,155",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Mount Ramelan on eastern Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41606F2C",null,null,"Mount Ramelan (=Ramelau), 2600 m., Portugese Timor. 1, 1932; Georg Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Turdus poliocephalus sterlingi"],["26936","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.148","Sundaic Island Thrush","Sundaic Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","mountains of Sumatra, Java, and northern Borneo",null,null,null,"sunist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunist1","avibase-58C08CDC",null,null,"central Java; restricted to Mount Tjerimai by Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 149","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/167/mode/1up","Turdus Javanicus"],["26937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus loeseri","Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae 18 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DC44642",null,null,"Blangbeke, 6,940 ft., Acheen, north Sumatra.","Preliminary report on the Birds of the George Vanderbilt Sumatran expedition 1939.",null,"Turdus javanicus löseri"],["26938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus indrapurae","Robinson & Kloss, 1916","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 73 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEE0E19D",null,null,"Korinchi Peak, 10,000 ft., west Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and sub-species of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb.-June 1914.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130712#page/327/mode/1up","Turdus indrapurae"],["26939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus fumidus","Müller, 1844","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C029070",null,null,"Mount Gedeh.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/217/mode/1up","Turdus (Merula) fumidus"],["26940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus javanicus","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D29F2C6",null,null,"central Java; restricted to Mount Tjerimai by Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 149","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/167/mode/1up","Turdus Javanicus"],["26941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus stresemanni","Bartels, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Lawu region (central Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAF5B727",null,null,"Mount La woe, ca. 2,000 m.","Zwei neue Drosseln aus Java.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0113-0115.pdf","Turdus javanicus stresemanni"],["26942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus whiteheadi","(Seebohm, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.5 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EA3ABE8",null,null,"near Tozari, 7,000 ft., eastern Java.","[A new species of Thrush from Tozari, East Java].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/51/mode/1up","Merula whiteheadi"],["26943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus javanicus seebohmi","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.386-387",null,null,null,null,null,"mounts Kinabalu and Trus Madi (northern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-189667C9",null,null,"Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/414/mode/1up","Merula seebohmi"],["26944","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus deningeri","Stresemann, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.4","Moluccan Island Thrush","Moluccan Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","montane Taliabu (Sula Islands, east of Sulawesi) and Mount Binaia on Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,"molist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/molist1","avibase-3523C781",null,null,"Gunung Pinaia, 7,500 ft., Ceram.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species of Starling and of other new species from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/28/mode/1up","Turdus deningeri"],["26945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus deningeri sukahujan","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari & Suparno, 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 63-68 [p. 63]",null,null,null,null,null,"Taliabu (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCB8D17C",null,null,"10 Dec 2013 near Waiyo dinahana Camp (~1200m) on Taliabu Island (S 01° 47.614'; E 124° 48.216').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Turdus poliocephalus sukahujan"],["26946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus deningeri deningeri","Stresemann, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Binaia (Seram, southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-194BF8CC",null,null,"Gunung Pinaia, 7,500 ft., Ceram.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species of Starling and of other new species from the Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/28/mode/1up","Turdus deningeri"],["26947","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus papuensis","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices p.60","Papuan Island Thrush","Papuan Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","mountains of New Guinea, including Goodenough Island (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,"papist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papist1","avibase-8CEAFB6E",null,null,"Mount Victoria, southeastern New Guinea [reference not verified] .",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=60","Merula papuensis"],["26948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus papuensis versteegi","Junge, 1939","Nova Guinea, a journal of botany, zoology, anthropology, ethnography, geology and palaeontology of the Papuan region n.s., 3 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"montane western New Guinea (Jayawijaya Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64A265A5",null,null,"Kajan Mountains (Oranje Range) .","The Birds of South New Guinea. Part II. Passeres.",null,"Turdus poliocephalus versteegi"],["26949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus papuensis papuensis","(De Vis, 1890)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 4th September, 1888 to 30th June 1889 with Map and Appendices p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"montane eastern, northeastern (Huon Peninsula), and southeastern New Guinea, including Karkar (off northeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47E5E5E6",null,null,"Mount Victoria, southeastern New Guinea [reference not verified] .",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1890No21.pdf#page=60","Merula papuensis"],["26950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus papuensis canescens","(De Vis, 1894)","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2037A247",null,null,"Goodenough Island [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=35","Merula canescens"],["26951","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus heinrothi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.53","Bismarck Island Thrush","Bismarck Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago), mountains of New Ireland, and Tolokiwa Island (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,"bisist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bisist1","avibase-20ED5C7F",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Exhibition of some birds from St. Matthias Island and descriptions of some new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/81/mode/1up","Turdus melanarius heinrothi"],["26952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus heinrothi tolokiwae","Diamond, 1989","The Emu 89, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Tolokiwa Island (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31768911",null,null,"In Pulo-Condore [=Con Dao Island, Vietnam] and Malabar, India","A new subspecies of the Island Thrush Turdus poliocephalus from Tolokawa Island in the Bismark Archipelago.","https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9890058","Turdus poliocephalus tolokiwae"],["26953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus heinrothi beehleri","Ripley, 1977","The Auk 94, no.4 p.772",null,null,null,null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AA26DB4",null,null,"New Ireland, Hans Meyer Range, 15 km NNW of Cape Narum, 2200 m","A new subspecies of Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus, from New Ireland.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol94/iss4/18/","Turdus poliocephalus beehleri"],["26954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus heinrothi heinrothi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-198167A1",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","Exhibition of some birds from St. Matthias Island and descriptions of some new forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/81/mode/1up","Turdus melanarius heinrothi"],["26955","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus bougainvillei","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.6","Bougainville Island Thrush","Bougainville Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","Bougainville (northwestern Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,"islthr48","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr48","avibase-203DAC8F",null,null,"Bougainville Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus bougainvillei"],["26956","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus kulambangrae","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.6","Solomons Island Thrush","Solomons Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","mountains of Kolombangara and Guadalcanal (central and southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"solist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/solist1","avibase-601693AE",null,null,"Kulambangra Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus kulambangrae"],["26957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus kulambangrae kulambangrae","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Kolombangara (west-central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DB8C163",null,null,"Kulambangra Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus kulambangrae"],["26958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus kulambangrae sladeni","Cain & Galbraith, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.7 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C148AF68",null,null,"near Turipava,*4,100 ft., mountains of Guadalcanal.","Five new subspecies from the mountains of Guadalcanal (British Solomon Islands).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/134/mode/1up","Turdus poliocephalus sladeni"],["26959","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.188, pl. 7, fig. 2","Vanikoro Island Thrush","Vanikoro Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","Rennell and Temotu (southeastern Solomon Islands) and northern to central Vanuatu, and formerly Maré (Loyalty Islands), where extinct",null,null,null,"vanist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vanist1","avibase-BEA75AF5",null,null,"Vanikoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/246/mode/1up","Turdus vanikorensis"],["26960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis rennellianus","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.486 p.21-22",null,null,null,null,null,"Rennell (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-562D54D9",null,null,"Rennell Island.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 13. A systematic list of the Birds of Rennell Island with descriptions of new species and subspecies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3832/","Turdus poliocephalus rennellianus"],["26961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis vanikorensis","Quoy & Gaimard, 1832","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.188, pl. 7, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Utupua and Vanikoro (central and southern Temotu, southeastern Solomon Islands) and Espiritu Santo and Malo (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-987D9B3B",null,null,"Vanikoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/246/mode/1up","Turdus vanikorensis"],["26962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis placens","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.5-6",null,null,null,null,null,"Ureparapara and Vanua Lava, in southern Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-396E71EC",null,null,"Vanua Lava Island, Banks Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus placens"],["26963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis whitneyi","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Gaua Island, in southern Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-262E1B6E",null,null,"Gaua Island, Banks Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus whitneyi"],["26964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis malekulae","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Pentecost, Malekula, and Ambrym (eastern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D34D4C30",null,null,"Malekula Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus malekulae"],["26965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis becki","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.4-5",null,null,null,null,null,"Paama, Lopevi, Epi, and Mai (central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F217939F",null,null,"Mai Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus becki"],["26966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis efatensis","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Efate and Nguna (central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2E4E2B3",null,null,"Efate Island, New Hebrides.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus efatensis"],["26967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus vanikorensis mareensis","Layard & Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.472",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Maré (Loyalty Islands); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-D826B251",null,null,"Mare.","On a new Thrush from the Loyalty Islands Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/524/mode/1up","Turdus mareensis"],["26968","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pritzbueri","Layard, 1878","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.1, no.5 p.374","White-headed Island Thrush","White-headed Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","southern Vanuatu and Lifou (Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, probably extirpated)",null,null,null,"islthr28","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr28","avibase-888E74BE",null,null,"Lifu, New Caledonia.","XLII. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Island of Lifu, New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88434#page/394/mode/1up","Turdus Pritzbueri"],["26969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pritzbueri albifrons","(Ramsay, 1879)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.3, pt.4 p.336-337",null,null,null,null,null,"Erromango (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA7C30AA",null,null,"mountainous parts of Eromanga, New Hebrides.","Notes on a small collection of Birds from the New Hebrides, with a description of a new species of Merula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30232#page/398/mode/1up","Merula albifrons"],["26970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus pritzbueri pritzbueri","Layard, 1878","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.1, no.5 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanna (southern Vanuatu); the thrush on Futuna probably is also this subspecies; and Loyalty Islands (Lifou, where probably extirpated)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9938B939",null,null,"Lifu, New Caledonia.","XLII. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Island of Lifu, New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88434#page/394/mode/1up","Turdus Pritzbueri"],["26971","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus xanthopus","Forster, 1844","Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto, collegit, observavit et delineavit (etc.) p.266-267","New Caledonian Island Thrush","New Caledonian Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","New Caledonia and satellites (possibly extinct except for Yandé, northwest of Grande Terre)",null,null,null,"islthr40","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr40","avibase-BAA5995B",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129805#page/288/mode/1up","Turdus xanthopus"],["26972","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus poliocephalus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliv","Tasman Sea Island Thrush","Tasman Sea Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0094, 2025-0998, 2025-1202","2025-0094)) Taxon <em>niveiceps</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Turdus poliocephalus</em> (polytypic) based on genetics. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA (Nylander et al. 2008) and genomic data (Reeve et al. 2023a) both recovered <em>niveiceps</em> as a divergent lineage, rendering <em>T. poliocephalus</em> non-monophyletic. 2025-0998)) The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex. 2025-1202)) Taxon <em>vinitinctus</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Turdus policocephalus</em>; despite striking plumage differences, these extinct island endemics were recovered as shallowly diverged sister taxa based on genome-wide DNA analyses (Reeve et al. 2023).","formerly Lord Howe and Norfolk islands; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,"norist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norist1","avibase-DD347DC6",null,null,"Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/50/mode/1up","Turdus poliocephalus"],["26973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus","Latham, 1801","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliv",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Norfolk Island (east of Australia); extinct, last recorded 1970s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BAD1260",null,null,"Norfolk Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/50/mode/1up","Turdus poliocephalus"],["26974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.294 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lord Howe Island (east of Australia); extinct; last recorded 1910s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-006771B0",null,null,"Lord Howe Island.","On some New Species of Birds collected by Mr. M'Gillivray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/967/mode/1up","Merula vinitincta"],["26975","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus samoensis","Tristram, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.10 p.188 (footnote 5)","Samoan Island Thrush","Samoan Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","Samoa (Savai'i and Upolu)",null,null,null,"islthr30","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islthr30","avibase-CED135E8",null,null,"Samoa Islands.","Notes on Collections of Birds sent from New Caledonia, from Lifu (one of the Loyalty Islands), and from the New Hebrides by E. L. Layard, C.M.G. &c..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/226/mode/1up","Turdus samoensis"],["26976","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ruficeps","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.43","Fiji Island Thrush","Fiji Island-Thrush",null,"2025-0998","The Island Thrush (<em>Turdus poliocephalus</em>) complex is treated as 18 species based on analysis of genomic DNA (Reeve et al. 2023a) combined with insights from plumage patterns, vocalizations, and zoogeography: monotypic<em> T. niveiceps</em> and <em>T. mindorensis</em>; polytypic <em>T. thomassoni </em>(including <em>mayonensis</em>) and <em>T. nigrorum</em> (including <em>malindangensis, katanglad</em> and <em>kelleri</em>); monotypic <em>erythropleurus </em>(separated from <em>T. schlegelii </em>based on plumage, voice, and zoogeography); polytypic <em>T. schlegelii</em> (including <em>celebensis, hygroscopus </em>and <em>sterlingi</em>); polytypic <em>T. javanicus</em> (including <em>loeseri, indrapurae, fumidus</em> [with <em>biesenbachi </em>as a junior synonym], <em>stresemanni, whiteheadi</em>, and <em>seebohmi</em>); polytypic <em>T. deningeri</em> (including <em>sukahujan </em>based on zoogeography); polytypic<em> T. papuensis</em> (including <em>versteegi</em>, with <em>canescens </em>placed here based on zoogeography; <em>erebus </em>and <em>keysseri</em>, sometimes recognized, are synonymized with <em>papuensis</em>); polytypic <em>T. heinrothi </em>(including <em>tolokiwae </em>and <em>beehleri</em>); monotypic <em>T. bougainvillei</em>; polytypic <em>T. kulambangrae</em> (including <em>sladeni</em>); polytypic <em>T. vanikorensis </em>(including <em>rennellianus, efatensis, becki, malekulae, mareensis, placens</em>, and <em>whitneyi</em>) as a phenotypically diverse group with <em>placens</em> (recovered as non-monophyletic) and <em>whitneyi </em>placed here based on zoogeography and the possibility that gene flow may have influenced their phylogenetic placement; polytypic <em>T. pritzbueri </em>(including <em>albifrons</em>) based on plumage; monotypic <em>T. xanthopus </em>and polytypic<em> T. poliocephalus</em> (including <em>vinitinctus</em>) separated based on plumage and geography; monotypic <em>T. samoensis </em>is split from polytypic <em>T. ruficeps</em> (including <em>layardi, vitiensis, hades</em>, and <em>tempesti</em>) based on geography and vocalizations. Further research may result in refinement of species limits in this complex.","Fiji",null,null,null,"fijist1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fijist1","avibase-14BDF7A6",null,null,"Fiji Islands [= Kandavu, vide Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 5, p. 256].","Description of a new species of Blackbird (Merula).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/83/mode/1up","Merula ruficeps"],["26977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ruficeps layardi","(Seebohm, 1891)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890, pt.4 p.667-668",null,null,null,null,null,"Viti Levu, Ovalau, Yasawa, and Koro (western Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78224B2E",null,null,"Viti Levu.","On the Fijian Species of the Genus Merula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91455#page/845/mode/1up","Merula layardi"],["26978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ruficeps ruficeps","(Ramsay, 1875)","Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ser.1, vol.1, pt.1 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Kadavu (southwestern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33DC12EF",null,null,"Fiji Islands [= Kandavu, vide Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 5, p. 256].","Description of a new species of Blackbird (Merula).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22887#page/83/mode/1up","Merula ruficeps"],["26979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ruficeps vitiensis","Layard, 1876","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.17, no.100 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanua Levu (eastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D4273F4",null,null,"Bua, Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands.","XXIX. Description of a new Species of the Genus Merula from the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54309#page/319/mode/1up","Turdus vitiensis"],["26980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ruficeps hades","Mayr, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1152 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Gau (central Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64C230DE",null,null,"Ngau Island, Fiji.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 47. Notes on the genera Halcyon, Turdus and Eurostopodus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4778/","Turdus poliocephalus hades"],["26981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ruficeps tempesti","Layard, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.3 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"Taveuni (eastern Fiji)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72FF4559",null,null,"south end of Taveuni, at Sella Levu, Vuna Point.","Description of a new Thrush from Taviuni, one of the Fiji Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/512/mode/1up","Turdus tempesti"],["26982","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus aurantius","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.832","White-chinned Thrush","White-chinned Thrush","White-chinned Thrush",null,null,"wooded hills and mountains of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708832","whcthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcthr1","avibase-A786A6B2",null,null,"'in Jamaicae montibus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/333/mode/1up","[Turdus] aurantius"],["26983","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ravidus","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.4 p.499","Grand Cayman Thrush","Grand Cayman Thrush","Grand Cayman Thrush",null,null,"formerly Grand Cayman Island; extinct, last reported 1938","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708835","grcthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcthr1","avibase-25D8B98B",null,null,"Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies,","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Mimocichla ravida"],["26984","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ardosiaceus","Vieillot, 1822","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.646-647","Eastern Red-legged Thrush","Eastern Red-legged Thrush","Eastern Red-legged Thrush","2025-0090","The <em>Turdus plumbeus</em> complex is treated as two species based on plumage and genetics: <em>T. ardosiaceus</em> (polytypic, including <em>albiventris</em>) and <em>T. plumbeus </em>(polytypic). Genomic (Batista et al. 2020) and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Nylander et al. 2008; Ricklefs &amp; Bermingham 2008; Batista et al. 2020) support recognition of <em>T. ardosiaceus</em>. However, taxon <em>rubripes</em>, sometimes split as a separate species, is treated as conspecific with <em>T. plumbeus</em> based on the presence of intermediate phenotypes between <em>rubripes </em>and <em>schistaceus </em>along their contact zone.","Hispaniola, including Gonâve and Tortue islands, Puerto Rico, and Dominica (Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891946","relthr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relthr3","avibase-6B75CDBA",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/254/mode/1up","Turdus ardosiaceus"],["26985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ardosiaceus albiventris","(Sclater, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"Dominica (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91FB2B60",null,null,"Dominica.","List of Birds collected by Mr. ramage in Dominica, West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/426/mode/1up","Mimocichla ardesiaca albiventris"],["26986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ardosiaceus ardosiaceus","Vieillot, 1822","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.646-647",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola, including Gonâve and Tortue islands, and Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8710D4C",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/254/mode/1up","Turdus ardosiaceus"],["26987","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plumbeus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169","Western Red-legged Thrush","Western Red-legged Thrush",null,"2025-0090","The <em>Turdus plumbeus</em> complex is treated as two species based on plumage and genetics: <em>T. ardosiaceus</em> (polytypic, including <em>albiventris</em>) and <em>T. plumbeus </em>(polytypic). Genomic (Batista et al. 2020) and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Nylander et al. 2008; Ricklefs &amp; Bermingham 2008; Batista et al. 2020) support recognition of <em>T. ardosiaceus</em>. However, taxon <em>rubripes</em>, sometimes split as a separate species, is treated as conspecific with <em>T. plumbeus</em> based on the presence of intermediate phenotypes between <em>rubripes </em>and <em>schistaceus </em>along their contact zone.","Greater Antilles from Grand Bahama and Abaco southward to Cat Island, Cuba including Isla de la Juventud and other satellite islands, Cayman Brac (eastern Cayman Islands), and formerly also Swan Island (north of Honduras)",null,null,null,"relthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relthr1","avibase-641D7EB2",null,null,"America [= Islands of Andros and Ilathera (Bahamas), in Catesby, 1731, Nat. Hist, Carolina, Florida, Bahama Islands, 1, p. 30, pl. 30].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","Turdus plumbeus"],["26988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plumbeus plumbeus","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bahamas southward to Andros and Cat Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79FCED08",null,null,"America [= Islands of Andros and Ilathera (Bahamas), in Catesby, 1731, Nat. Hist, Carolina, Florida, Bahama Islands, 1, p. 30, pl. 30].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/188/mode/1up","Turdus plumbeus"],["26989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plumbeus schistaceus","(Baird, 1864)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.37, 35 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cuba (Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, and Guantánamo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0403290C",null,null,"Monte Verde, eastern Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/47/mode/1up","Mimocichla schistacea"],["26990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plumbeus rubripes","Temminck, 1826","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.69, vol.2 pl.409",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Cuba and Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDE4427F",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/341/mode/1up","Turdus rubripes"],["26991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plumbeus coryi","(Sharpe, 1902)","A monograph of the Turdidae, or family of thrushes 2 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayman Brac (eastern Cayman Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04FF8BD9",null,null,"Island of Cayman Brac.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124402#page/233/mode/1up","Mimocichla coryi"],["26992","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufitorques","Hartlaub, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.214","Rufous-collared Thrush","Rufous-collared Robin","Rufous-collared Thrush",null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to central Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708961","rucrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucrob1","avibase-3DD40BBD",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/222/mode/1up","Turdus (Merula) rufitorques"],["26993","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.292","American Robin","American Robin",null,"2025-0089","Taxon <em>confinis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Turdus migratorius</em> based on available evidence. There is considerable ecogeographic variation in size and plumage within <em>T. migratorius</em> <em>sensu lato </em>(Aldrich &amp; James 1991), and formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking. Although mitochondrial DNA and genomic data (Batista et al. 2020) indicate that <em>T. migratorius sensu lato </em>forms a complex with <em>T. rufitorques</em>, taxonomic sampling is incomplete; further research needed.","breeds in varied woodland, forest, and garden types from northern Alaska eastward to northern Labrador (eastern Canada) and southward to far northern and (disjunctly) far southern Baja California, mountains of Mexico (to Oaxaca), and southern Texas eastward to northern Florida; winters from southern Alaska and southern Canada southward to San Luis Potosí and Veracruz (central Mexico) and southern Florida",null,null,null,"amerob","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amerob","avibase-D77E4B41",null,null,"in America septentrionali.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/296/mode/1up","[Turdus] migratorius"],["26994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius nigrideus","Aldrich & Nutt, 1939","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 4, no.2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Canada (northern Quebec and Labrador) to Gulf Coast of USA; winters Maritime Provinces westward to Great Lakes and southward to northern Florida and Mississippi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C6A1652",null,null,"Hodge Water, Avalon Peninsula, eastern Newfoundland.","Birds of eastern Newfoundland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122680#page/25/mode/1up","Turdus migratorius nigrideus"],["26995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius migratorius","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and northern Canada to central USA; winters eastern Mexico and Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A9FCF98",null,null,"in America septentrionali.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/296/mode/1up","[Turdus] migratorius"],["26996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius achrusterus","(Batchelder, 1900)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central USA; winters to southeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D132F426",null,null,"Raleigh, North Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/122/mode/1up","Merula migratoria achrustera"],["26997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius caurinus","(Grinnell, 1909)","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.241-243",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska and western Canada to northwestern Oregon; winters to California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A11910F",null,null,"Windfall Harbor, Admiralty Island, Alaska.","[The birds of the Alexander expedition to Alaska].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/307/mode/1up","Planesticus migratorius caurinus"],["26998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius propinquus","Ridgway, 1877","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern British Columbia to southwestern USA and southwestern Mexico; winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0B80077",null,null,"western region, including eastern base of Rocky Mountains [= Laramie Peak, Wyoming, vide Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 103] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69132#page/19/mode/1up","T[urdus] propinquus"],["26999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius phillipsi","Bangs, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southwestern Tamaulipas to Puebla, Guerrero, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17624C46",null,null,"Las Viegas [= Las Vegas] , Veracruz, Mexico.","Three new subspecies of birds from eastern Mexico and Yucatan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/161/mode/1up","Turdus migratorius phillipsi"],["27000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus migratorius confinis","Baird, 1864","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7738F2BC",null,null,"Todos Santos, Cape San Lucas, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/41/mode/1up","Turdus confinis"],["27001","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus infuscatus","(de Lafresnaye, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.41","Black Thrush","Black Thrush","Black Thrush",null,null,"humid montane forest of eastern, southeastern and southern Mexico to northwestern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708851","blarob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blarob1","avibase-0C95D04B",null,null,"Mexico.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/49/mode/1up","Mer[ula] infuscata"],["27002","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nigrescens","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.324","Sooty Thrush","Sooty Thrush","Sooty Thrush",null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (far western Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708844","soorob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soorob1","avibase-C43110B3",null,null,"Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/336/mode/1up","Turdus nigrescens"],["27003","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plebejus","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.323","Mountain Thrush","Mountain Thrush","Mountain Thrush",null,null,"montane forest and edge from southeastern Oaxaca (southern Mexico) through south-central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708894","mourob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mourob1","avibase-8E286BF9",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/335/mode/1up","Turdus plebejus"],["27004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plebejus differens","(Nelson, 1901)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (southeastern Oaxaca and southern Chiapas) southward through the highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE786A4C",null,null,"Pinabete, Chiapas, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/193/mode/1up","Merula plebeia differens"],["27005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plebejus rafaelensis","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Honduras and El Salvador southward to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64B8DAEB",null,null,"San Rafael del Norte, 4300 ft., Nicaragua.","Notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Turdus plebejus rafaelensis"],["27006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus plebejus plebejus","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (Bocas del Toro and Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4FA3C60",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/335/mode/1up","Turdus plebejus"],["27007","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus jamaicensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.809","White-eyed Thrush","White-eyed Thrush","White-eyed Thrush",null,null,"montane forest and wooded hills of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708935","whethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whethr1","avibase-0CAD32A5",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/310/mode/1up","[Turdus] jamaicensis"],["27008","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus swalesi","(Wetmore, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.55","La Selle Thrush","La Selle Thrush","La Selle Thrush",null,null,"humid montane forest of southeastern Haiti and southwestern Dominican Republic (south-central Hispaniola)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708955","lasthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lasthr1","avibase-24058626",null,null,"Massif de la Selle, 6,000 ft.","A Thrush new to science from Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/75/mode/1up","Haplocichla swalesi"],["27009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus swalesi dodae","Graves & Olson, 1986","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99, no.4 p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of central Dominican Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7093A06E",null,null,"near divide between Río Baiguate and Río Jimenoa, about 15 miles (ca. 24 km) NE of Constanza, La Vega Province, Dominican Republic, elevation 5900 ft (1800 m); coll. 6 Mar 1976 by Francis M. Green well and William M. Perrygo","A new subspecies of Turdus swalesi (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) from the Dominican Republic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107581#page/613/mode/1up","Turdus swalesi dodae"],["27010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus swalesi swalesi","(Wetmore, 1927)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Haiti (Morne La Selle)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2116E47",null,null,"Massif de la Selle, 6,000 ft.","A Thrush new to science from Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/75/mode/1up","Haplocichla swalesi"],["27011","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus lherminieri","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.167","Forest Thrush","Forest Thrush","Forest Thrush",null,null,"hill and montane forest and edge of Lesser Antilles from Montserrat to St. Lucia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708544","forthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forthr1","avibase-D2B2A4AF",null,null,"Guadeloupe.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de la Guadeloupe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/175/mode/1up","Turdus L'Herminieri"],["27012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus lherminieri dominicensis","(Lawrence, 1880)","Forest and Stream 40, (May 18) p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Dominica (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7161E2E4",null,null,"Dominica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126857#page/175/mode/1up","Margarops dominicensis"],["27013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus lherminieri dorotheae","(Wolters, 1980)","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen pt.6 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"Montserrat (northern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D14E751D",null,null,"[Montserrat]","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine Systematische Lists mil Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. 4","https://archive.org/details/dievogelartender0000wolt/page/407/mode/1up?q=Planesticus+lherminieri+dorotheae","Planesticus lherminieri dorotheae"],["27014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus lherminieri lherminieri","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe (north-central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB69E555",null,null,"Guadeloupe.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de la Guadeloupe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/175/mode/1up","Turdus L'Herminieri"],["27015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus lherminieri sanctaeluciae","(Sclater, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (south-central Lesser Antilles); no definite recent records",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7804F709",null,null,"St. Lucia.","Notes upon some West-Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/97/mode/1up","Margarops sanctae-luciae"],["27016","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus leucops","Taczanowski, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.331","Pale-eyed Thrush","Pale-eyed Thrush","Pale-eyed Thrush",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Bolivia; tepuis and mountains of western Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708684","paethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paethr1","avibase-EE26D2EA",null,null,"Ropaybamba, Peru,","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/429/mode/1up","Turdus leucops"],["27017","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fulviventris","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.273","Chestnut-bellied Thrush","Chestnut-bellied Thrush","Chestnut-bellied Thrush",null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708879","chbthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbthr2","avibase-27399961",null,null,"Nova Grenada [= Bogotá] .","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/285/mode/1up","Turdus fulviventris"],["27018","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus reevei","Lawrence, 1869","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.234","Plumbeous-backed Thrush","Plumbeous-backed Thrush","Plumbeous-backed Thrush",null,null,"arid scrub of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708869","plbthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbthr2","avibase-E47AA20C",null,null,"Puna Island, Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/250/mode/1up","Turdus reevei"],["27019","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nigriceps","Cabanis, 1874","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.125 p.97","Andean Slaty Thrush","Andean Slaty Thrush","Andean Slaty Thrush",null,null,"breeds in the Andes of southern Bolivia (north to Santa Cruz) and northwestern Argentina (southward to Córdoba), also locally in southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru; nonbreeding migrant to the east slope of the Andes from southeastern Ecuador to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708858","slathr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slathr2","avibase-B3BB28D9",null,null,"Peru.","[Über mannichfache interessante Vögel der peruanischen Ornis, die von Herrn C. Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/109/mode/1up","Turdus nigriceps"],["27020","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus chiguanco","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.16","Chiguanco Thrush","Chiguanco Thrush",null,"2025-0088","Taxon <em>anthracinus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Turdus chiguanco</em> (polytypic, including <em>conradi</em>) pending further research. Although mitochondrial DNA recovered <em>anthracinus </em>and <em>conradi </em>as sister lineages (Batista et al. 2020), nominate <em>chiguanco </em>was not sampled, while genomic data suggest that representatives of <em>T. fuscater</em> are embedded within <em>T. chiguanco</em> and <em>T. olivater</em> (Batista et al. 2020); further research is needed to determine species limits in the broader <em>chiguanco-fuscater-olivater</em> complex.","dry to semi-humid montane woodland and scrub, bushy gorges, and fields in the Andes from central Ecuador southward to east-central Chile and west-central Argentina (Rio Negro), sierras of Cordoba and San Luis, and east-central Argentina (La Pampa southward to coastal Chubut); in southern Peru reaches the coastal lowlands",null,null,null,"chithr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chithr1","avibase-07F95062",null,null,"Tacua, Peru.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/132/mode/1up","T[urdus] chiguanco"],["27021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus chiguanco chiguanco","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Peru; northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81DF5801",null,null,"Tacua, Peru.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/132/mode/1up","T[urdus] chiguanco"],["27022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus chiguanco conradi","Salvadori & Festa, 1899","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.357 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAF1B4D1",null,null,"Cuenca and Sigsig, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/140/mode/1up","Turdus conradi"],["27023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus chiguanco anthracinus","Burmeister, 1858","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.32 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"western Bolivia to northeastern Chile (Atacama) and western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1070D1CB",null,null,"Mendoza, Argentina.","Zur Fauna von Süd-America ; Briefliches aus Mendoza'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/639/mode/1up","Turdus anthracinus"],["27024","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus serranus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.280","Glossy-black Thrush","Glossy-black Thrush","Glossy-black Thrush",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy eastward to Monagas), the Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of Venezuela southward through all Andes of Colombia to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes of northern Peru east and south of the Río Marañón, southward to northwestern Argentina (Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708855","glbthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glbthr1","avibase-9B9D5DC7",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/288/mode/1up","Turdus serranus"],["27025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus serranus cumanensis","(Hellmayr, 1919)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 14 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Sucre, and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC309B5A",null,null,"mountains inland of Cumana, Bermúdez [= Sucre, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 414].","Miscellanea ornithologica IV. XII. Vier neue Formen aus dem tropischen Amerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103534#page/159/mode/1up","Planesticus serranus cumanensis"],["27026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus serranus atrosericeus","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.3-4",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Páramo de Tamá) to Andes of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-043171E2",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/11/mode/1up","Merula atro-sericea"],["27027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus serranus fuscobrunneus","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southern Colombia to Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55BB1665",null,null,"Cerro Munichique, 8,325 ft., western Andes west of Popayan, Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Planesticus fuscobrunneus"],["27028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus serranus serranus","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E77630",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/288/mode/1up","Turdus serranus"],["27029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus serranus continoi","Fraga & Dickinson, 2008","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 128 p.70 [70-71]",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-788CDDC3",null,null,"El Duraznillo, Alto Calilegua, Valle Grande, Jujuy, Argentina","A substitute name for Turdus serranus unicolor Olrog & Contino.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164184#page/76/mode/1up","Turdus serranus continoi"],["27030","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.16","Great Thrush","Great Thrush","Great Thrush",null,null,"humid to dry montane woodland and scrub, shrubby paramo, and fields, in the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708848","grethr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grethr1","avibase-23C068E4",null,null,"in Andibus (Bolivia) ; type from La Paz, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 415.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/132/mode/1up","Turdus Fuscater"],["27031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater cacozelus","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4F4C495",null,null,"Macotama, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/207/mode/1up","Merula gigas cacozela"],["27032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater clarus","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66, no.1 p.9-10",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BCB8ED5",null,null,"Cerro Tetare, upper Río Negro, Sierra de Peri j a, Zulia, Venezuela.","Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perijá Mountains, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/25/mode/1up","Turdus fuscater clarus"],["27033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater quindio","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central and western Andes of Colombia to northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ED273BC",null,null,"Laguneta, 10,300 ft., central Andes, Colombia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Turdus fuscater quindio"],["27034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater gigas","Fraser, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela (Mérida and Táchira to Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3F7B52F",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","On some new Species of Birds from the Collection of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/781/mode/1up","Turdus gigas"],["27035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater gigantodes","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.315-316",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ecuador from Huigra southward in western Andes to central Peru (at least Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-591845E9",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/327/mode/1up","Turdus gigantodes"],["27036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater ockendeni","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) and far western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54475642",null,null,"Limbani, 9,500 ft., Carabaya, Peru.","On two new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/117/mode/1up","Turdus fuscater ockendeni"],["27037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fuscater fuscater","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (La Paz to Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2683C413",null,null,"in Andibus (Bolivia) ; type from La Paz, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 415.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/132/mode/1up","Turdus Fuscater"],["27038","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.2","Black-hooded Thrush","Black-hooded Thrush","Black-hooded Thrush",null,null,"highly disjunct in humid montane and cloudforest in coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, the Andes of western Venezuela and far northeastern Colombia, tepuis and mountains of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, southern Suriname, and far northern Brazil (Roraima and northern Amazonas), and southwestern Colombia (Huila and Cauca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708872","blhthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhthr1","avibase-D068BA78",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/10/mode/1up","Merula olivatra"],["27039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater sanctaemartae","(Todd, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69534B18",null,null,"Cincinnati, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/212/mode/1up","Planesticus olivater sanctae-martae"],["27040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater caucae","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00E58A8F",null,null,"La Sierra, 6,300 ft., central Andes, Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Planesticus caucae"],["27041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater olivater","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD0E7C21",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/10/mode/1up","Merula olivatra"],["27042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater kemptoni","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CEE7FD2",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, 1,800 m., headwaters of the Río Yatua, TerritoRío Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/133/mode/1up","Turdus olivater kemptoni"],["27043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater paraquensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 10 (67) p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Paraque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14330FE0",null,null,"Cerro Paraque, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cuatro aves nuevas de los Cerros Paraque y Ptari-tepui y notas sobre Bubulcus ibis, Myioborus cardonai y Platycichla leucops.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cuatro-aves-nuevas-de-los-cerros-paraque-y-ptari-tepui-y-notas-sobre-bubulcus-ibis-myioborus-cardonai-y-platycichla-leucops/","Turdus roraimae paraquensis"],["27044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C8072E8",null,null,"Mount Duida.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Turdus roraimae duidae"],["27045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater roraimae","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.443-444",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar), southern Guyana, and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBB67EDC",null,null,"Roraima, 'British Guiana' [= Bolívar, Venezuela, 1,600-1,800 m., vide Phelps and Phelps, 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12, no. 75, p. 244].","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/495/mode/1up","Turdus roraimae"],["27046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus olivater ptaritepui","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 10 (67) p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Mount Ptari-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60444DDC",null,null,"Cerro Ptari-tepui, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cuatro aves nuevas de los Cerros Paraque y Ptari-tepui y notas sobre Bubulcus ibis, Myioborus cardonai y Platycichla leucops.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cuatro-aves-nuevas-de-los-cerros-paraque-y-ptari-tepui-y-notas-sobre-bubulcus-ibis-myioborus-cardonai-y-platycichla-leucops/","Turdus roraimae ptaritepui"],["27047","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus subalaris","(Seebohm, 1887)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.37 p.557","Blacksmith Thrush","Blacksmith Thrush","Eastern Slaty Thrush","2025-0095","Taxon <em>subalaris </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Turdus nigriceps</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA divergence between these species is deep, and they do not form a monophyletic clade (Cerqueira et al. 2016; Batista et al. 2020).","breeds southernmost Brazil (north to Paraná), northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Paraguay; winters northward to south-central Brazil (northward to Mato Grosso and Goiás)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708863","slathr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slathr3","avibase-89E3147F",null,null,"Jutuba, presumably in the valley of the Rio Grande, Province of São Paulo, Brazil [= Jatuba, western Goiás, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 411].","Description of a supposed new Species of the Genus Merula from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/691/mode/1up","Merula subalaris"],["27048","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus falcklandii","Quoy & Gaimard, 1824","Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie livr.3 p.104","Austral Thrush","Austral Thrush","Austral Thrush",null,null,"northern Chile from Region IV south and from Mendoza eastward to southern Buenos Aires province (central Argentina), thence southward through Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands; introduced (?) to Juan Fernandez Islands, far west of central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708885","austhr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/austhr1","avibase-F09C3940",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127033#page/116/mode/1up","Turdus falcklandii"],["27049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus falcklandii magellanicus","King, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Chile (including Juan Fernández Islands) and central Argentina from Río Negro and Neuquén southward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B601955",null,null,"Fretu Magellanico.","Exhibition of several new species of birds belonging to the collection brought home from the Straits of Magellan by Captain King.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/28/mode/1up","Turdus Magellanicus"],["27050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus falcklandii falcklandii","Quoy & Gaimard, 1824","Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie livr.3 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0DE7D94",null,null,"Falkland Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127033#page/116/mode/1up","Turdus falcklandii"],["27051","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus eremita","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.294 p.165","Tristan Thrush","Tristan Thrush","Tristan Thrush",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible, and Nightingale islands (Tristan da Cunha group, South Atlantic Ocean)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708541","trithr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trithr1","avibase-C740512D",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha Island.","On some New Species of Birds collected by Mr. M'Gillivray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/967/mode/1up","Nesocichla eremita"],["27052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus eremita eremita","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.294 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Tristan da Cunha Island (Atlantic Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5822CA93",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha Island.","On some New Species of Birds collected by Mr. M'Gillivray.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/967/mode/1up","Nesocichla eremita"],["27053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus eremita gordoni","(Stenhouse, 1924)","The Scottish Naturalist p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Inaccessible Island (Atlantic Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-731AB064",null,null,"Inaccessible Island.","Notes on rare land birds from Tristan d'Acunha in the Royal Scotch Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/201515#page/313/mode/1up","Nesocichla eremita gordoni"],["27054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus eremita procax","(Elliott, 1954)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 74, no.2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Nightingale Island (Atlantic Ocean)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B93CF85",null,null,"Nightingale Island.","On Two New Races and an Undescribed Variety from the Tristan da Cunha Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125678#page/44/mode/1up","Nesocichla eremita procax"],["27055","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus amaurochalinus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.5","Creamy-bellied Thrush","Creamy-bellied Thrush","Creamy-bellied Thrush",null,null,"eastern Peru to central Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708891","crbthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbthr1","avibase-17FCF7A0",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Rio Grande do Sul by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 370.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/21/mode/1up","T[urdus] amaurochalinus"],["27056","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus arthuri","(Chubb, 1914)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.131","Campina Thrush","Campina Thrush","Campina Thrush","2025-0087","The <em>Turdus ignobilis sensu lato</em> complex is treated as three species based on a combination of plumage, ecological, and genetic evidence: <em>T. ignobilis</em> (polytypic); <em>T. arthuri </em>(monotypic); and <em>T. murinus</em> (monotypic). Although taxon coverage across genetic studies is incomplete, both mitochondrial DNA (Cerqueira et al. 2016; Avendaño et al. 2017; Batista et al. 2020) and genomic data (Batista et al. 2020) indicate that <em>T. ignobilis sensu lato</em> is not monophyletic, with <em>T. maranonicus</em>, and possibly other species, embedded within it. More comprehensive genetic studies and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative and further splits may be warranted.","eastern Colombia eastward to southern Venezuela and Guyana, southward locally to central Amazonian Brazil, from the east bank of the Río Madeira to the east bank of the Río Tapajós",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103891016","bkbthr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbthr3","avibase-F28463EA",null,null,"Abary River, British Guiana.","Exhibition and description of two new species of birds from British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/173/mode/1up","Planesticus arthuri"],["27057","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus maranonicus","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.189 pl.20","Maranon Thrush","Marañon Thrush","Maranon Thrush",null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley) and adjacent Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708875","marthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marthr2","avibase-1F4DAD80",null,null,"Callacate, northern Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par M. Stolzman, pendant les derniers mois de 1878 et dans la première moitié de 1879.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/261/mode/1up","Turdus maranonicus"],["27058","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ignobilis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.273","Black-billed Thrush","Black-billed Thrush",null,"2025-0087","The <em>Turdus ignobilis sensu lato</em> complex is treated as three species based on a combination of plumage, ecological, and genetic evidence: <em>T. ignobilis</em> (polytypic); <em>T. arthuri </em>(monotypic); and <em>T. murinus</em> (monotypic). Although taxon coverage across genetic studies is incomplete, both mitochondrial DNA (Cerqueira et al. 2016; Avendaño et al. 2017; Batista et al. 2020) and genomic data (Batista et al. 2020) indicate that <em>T. ignobilis sensu lato</em> is not monophyletic, with <em>T. maranonicus</em>, and possibly other species, embedded within it. More comprehensive genetic studies and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative and further splits may be warranted.","humid forest, woodland and borders, and gallery forest in the Sierra de Perijá and foothills of the Andes of western Venezuela and west of the Andes southward to far southern Colombia (Pasto), the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela southward to central Bolivia, and Brazil mostly in the western Amazon eastward along the Amazon River to northeastern Pará and southward to western Mato Grosso",null,null,null,"blbthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbthr1","avibase-F2FC64EA",null,null,"Nova Grenada [= Bogotá] .","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/285/mode/1up","Turdus ignobilis"],["27059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi","Hartert & Hellmayr, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (Cauca Valley and west slope of western Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-130545AF",null,null,"Castilla, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","On two new Thrushes from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/554/mode/1up","Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi"],["27060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ignobilis ignobilis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.344 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6062CCBD",null,null,"Nova Grenada [= Bogotá] .","Description of Eleven New Species of Birds from Tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/285/mode/1up","Turdus ignobilis"],["27061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus ignobilis debilis","Hellmayr, 1902","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.1 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to western Venezuela, northwestern Brazil, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8337C755",null,null,"Rio Madeira, western Brazil [= Salto Theotonio, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 393].","Revision einiger neotropischen Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/66/mode/1up","Turdus ignobilis debilis"],["27062","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus flavipes","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.277","Yellow-legged Thrush","Yellow-legged Thrush","Yellow-legged Thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in humid to semi-humid forest and woodland of foothills of the Andes of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela, Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula), Isla Margarita, Trinidad and Tobago, tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima), and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte southward to far eastern Paraguay, far northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708676","yelthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelthr1","avibase-83389238",null,null,"Brazil [= Rio de Janeiro; vide Hellmayr, 1934, ibid., p. 425] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/295/mode/1up","Turdus flavipes"],["27063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus flavipes venezuelensis","(Sharpe, 1900)","A monograph of the Turdidae, or family of thrushes 2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to northern and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02F45E08",null,null,"Venezuela [= vicinity of Caracas ; vide Hellmayr, 1934, ibid., p. 427] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124402#page/101/mode/1up","Merula venezuelensis"],["27064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus flavipes melanopleura","(Sharpe, 1900)","A monograph of the Turdidae, or family of thrushes 2 p.87, pl. 103, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela including Isla Margarita, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1762C2D2",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124402#page/105/mode/1up","Merula melanopleura"],["27065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus flavipes xanthoscelus","Jardine, 1847","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.20, no.134 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89AC02A2",null,null,"Tobago.","XXXI. Horae Zoologicae. [Continued from vol. xix. p. 83.] Birds of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19465#page/387/mode/1up","Turdus xanthoscelus"],["27066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus flavipes polionotus","(Sharpe, 1900)","A monograph of the Turdidae, or family of thrushes 2 p.85, pl. 103, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela (Bolívar), far northern Brazil (Roraima), and west-central Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BB502F8",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124402#page/103/mode/1up","Merula polionota"],["27067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus flavipes flavipes","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) to northeastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A166CA1",null,null,"Brazil [= Rio de Janeiro; vide Hellmayr, 1934, ibid., p. 425] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/295/mode/1up","Turdus flavipes"],["27068","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus phaeopygus","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.666","Grey-flanked Thrush","Gray-flanked Thrush",null,"2026-047","Following the affirmation of <em>Turdus daguae </em>as distinct from <em>Turdus albicollis</em> in AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0085), <em>Turdus phaeopygus</em> (polytypic, including <em>phaeopygoides </em>and <em>spodiolaemus</em>) is further treated as a species separate from <em>T. albicollis</em> based on concordant differences in genetics, vocalizations, plumage, and soft part coloration (Boesman 2016jjj; Batista et al. 2020; Johnson &amp; Cooper 2025). While mitochondrial DNA data (Batista et al. 2020) confirm divergence of the <em>phaeopygus </em>and <em>albicollis </em>groups, not all taxa were sampled. Further research on the affinities of northern <em>phaeopygoides</em>, interactions in areas of parapatry, and a more comprehensive bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","eastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and through the Amazonian basin from eastern Ecuador, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil",null,null,null,"whnthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnthr1","avibase-96BCFA30",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/156/mode/1up","Turdus phaeopygus"],["27069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus phaeopygus phaeopygoides","Seebohm, 1881","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEF28787",null,null,"Tobago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/426/mode/1up","Turdus phaeopygoides"],["27070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus phaeopygus phaeopygus","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.666",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64D69106",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/156/mode/1up","Turdus phaeopygus"],["27071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus phaeopygus spodiolaemus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D287D440",null,null,"La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/384/mode/1up","Turdus phaeopygus spodiolaemus"],["27072","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus albicollis","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.227","Rufous-flanked Thrush","Rufous-flanked Thrush",null,"2026-047","Following the affirmation of <em>Turdus daguae </em>as distinct from <em>Turdus albicollis</em> in AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0085), <em>Turdus phaeopygus</em> (polytypic, including <em>phaeopygoides </em>and <em>spodiolaemus</em>) is further treated as a species separate from <em>T. albicollis</em> based on concordant differences in genetics, vocalizations, plumage, and soft part coloration (Boesman 2016jjj; Batista et al. 2020; Johnson &amp; Cooper 2025). While mitochondrial DNA data (Batista et al. 2020) confirm divergence of the <em>phaeopygus </em>and <em>albicollis </em>groups, not all taxa were sampled. Further research on the affinities of northern <em>phaeopygoides</em>, interactions in areas of parapatry, and a more comprehensive bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","Yungas of Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz, and Tarija) and far northwestern Argentina, and disjunctly in eastern Brazil from Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Alagoas southward to Mato Grosso, eastern Paraguay, Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"whnthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnthr2","avibase-3FE759B8",null,null,"Brazil [= Rio de Janiero, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 366].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/245/mode/1up","Turdus albicollis"],["27073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus albicollis contemptus","Hellmayr, 1902","Journal für Ornithologie 50, no.1 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz, and Tarija) and far northwestern Argentina (Salta and Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6E03758",null,null,"Bueyes, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Revision einiger neotropischen Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104733#page/71/mode/1up","Turdus crotopezus contemptus"],["27074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus albicollis crotopezus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54470EE6",null,null,"Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/58/mode/1up","Turdus crotopezus"],["27075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus albicollis albicollis","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE42B984",null,null,"Brazil [= Rio de Janiero, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 366].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/245/mode/1up","Turdus albicollis"],["27076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus albicollis paraguayensis","(Chubb, 1910)","Ibis ser.9, vol.4, no.16 p.608-609",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso) to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-602CB1E1",null,null,"Sapucay, Paraguay.","On the Birds of Paraguay. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270950#page/714/mode/1up","Merula albicollis paraguayensis"],["27077","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus obsoletus","Lawrence, 1862","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.470","Pale-vented Thrush","Pale-vented Thrush","Pale-vented Thrush",null,null,"humid forest edge of hills and mountains of Caribbean slope of Costa Rica through western Panama, thence both slopes to north-central Colombia and southward west of Andes to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708905","pavthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pavthr1","avibase-E124336D",null,null,"Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama, Panama Rail Road.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/502/mode/1up","Turdus obsoletus"],["27078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus obsoletus obsoletus","Lawrence, 1862","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica to Panama and northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AFE322A",null,null,"Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama, Panama Rail Road.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/502/mode/1up","Turdus obsoletus"],["27079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus obsoletus parambanus","Hartert, 1920","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.2 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2E1D285",null,null,"Paramba, northwestern Ecuador.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/557/mode/1up","Turdus obsoletus parambanus"],["27080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus obsoletus colombianus","Hartert & Hellmayr, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.492-493",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of western Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-093D3D0E",null,null,"Cali, Cauca Valley, western Colombia,","On two new Thrushes from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/554/mode/1up","Turdus colombianus"],["27081","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus daguae","Berlepsch, 1897","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 5 p.176","Dagua Thrush","Dagua Thrush",null,"2025-0085","Taxon <em>daguae </em>is treated as a monotypic species, <em>Turdus daguae</em>, based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>T. assimilis</em> or <em>T. albicollis</em>, but mitochondrial DNA data (Núñez-Zapata et al. 2016) indicate that it is not closely aligned to either species but broader geographic and genomic sampling is needed. Vocalizations of <em>daguae </em>also seem distinct but a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking.","eastern Panama (Darién) to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, also locally in southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"whtthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtthr2","avibase-E31352FA",null,null,"San Jose, Río Dagua, Colombia.","Beschreibung vier neuer Vogelarten aus West-Columbien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35483#page/192/mode/1up","Turdus daguae"],["27082","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus murinus","Salvin, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.10 p.197-198","Pantepui Thrush","Pantepui Thrush",null,"2025-0087","The <em>Turdus ignobilis sensu lato</em> complex is treated as three species based on a combination of plumage, ecological, and genetic evidence: <em>T. ignobilis</em> (polytypic); <em>T. arthuri </em>(monotypic); and <em>T. murinus</em> (monotypic). Although taxon coverage across genetic studies is incomplete, both mitochondrial DNA (Cerqueira et al. 2016; Avendaño et al. 2017; Batista et al. 2020) and genomic data (Batista et al. 2020) indicate that <em>T. ignobilis sensu lato</em> is not monophyletic, with <em>T. maranonicus</em>, and possibly other species, embedded within it. More comprehensive genetic studies and formal bioacoustic analyses would be informative and further splits may be warranted.","southeastern Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolívar) and Guyana",null,null,null,"bkbthr4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbthr4","avibase-6E6DD03A",null,null,"Merume Mountains, Roraima (3,000-5,000 ft.), 'British Guiana.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/235/mode/1up","Turdus murinus"],["27083","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus lawrencii","Coues, 1880","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 5, no.4 p.570","Lawrence's Thrush","Lawrence's Thrush","Lawrence's Thrush",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, southern Venezuela, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708902","lawthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lawthr1","avibase-69C20D91",null,null,"Upper Amazons.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98500#page/612/mode/1up","Turdus lawrencii"],["27084","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.4","White-throated Thrush","White-throated Thrush","White-throated Thrush","2025-0085","Taxon <em>daguae </em>is treated as a monotypic species, <em>Turdus daguae</em>, based on available evidence. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of <em>T. assimilis</em> or <em>T. albicollis</em>, but mitochondrial DNA data (Núñez-Zapata et al. 2016) indicate that it is not closely aligned to either species but broader geographic and genomic sampling is needed. Vocalizations of <em>daguae </em>also seem distinct but a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking.","deciduous, humid and coniferous forest and woodland in the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico slopes from northern Mexico (Sonora and Tamaulipas) southward along montane regions to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708938","whtrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtrob1","avibase-0A8145AC",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/20/mode/1up","Turdus assimilis"],["27085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis calliphthongus","Moore, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50, no.55 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora to northeastern Sinaloa and southwestern Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-338DDAFC",null,null,"Baromicon, Sonora, Mexico.","New races of Myadestes, Spizella and Turdus from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/234/mode/1up","Turdus assimilis calliphthongus"],["27086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis lygrus","Oberholser, 1921","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Sinaloa southward to Oaxaca and southwestern Chiapas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19CFA520",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/130/mode/1up","Turdus assimilis lygrus"],["27087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis suttoni","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tamaulipas and northeastern San Luis Potosí",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-948C1295",null,null,"Rancho del Cielo, 3500 [=3300 on label] ft., 8 km [=5 mi. on label] [NW Gomez Farias, SW Edo. Tamaulipas, 10 April 1948; coli. Paul S. Martin",null,null,"Turdus phaeopygus suttoni"],["27088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis assimilis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Mexico (eastern Hidalgo and western Veracruz southward to northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BD05D38",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/20/mode/1up","Turdus assimilis"],["27089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis leucauchen","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.374 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Gulf slope of southeastern Mexico (from southern Veracruz, including Sierra de los Tuxtlas) to Caribbean slope of Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C01340A",null,null,"Guatemala.","Characters of Five New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/541/mode/1up","Turdus leucauchen"],["27090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis hondurensis","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE7D2E67",null,null,"Lago Yohoa, Honduras, 21 July 1951; Arthur C. Twomey and Roland W. Hawkins",null,null,"Turdus phaeopygus hondurensis"],["27091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis benti","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-407D4B52",null,null,"Volcán San Rafael [=San Salvador], southwestern-central El Salvador",null,null,"Turdus phaeopygus benti"],["27092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis rubicundus","(Dearborn, 1907)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.3 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope highlands of southern Mexico (from central and southern Chiapas) to western Guatemala and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C62A5942",null,null,"Patulul, Solola, Guatemala.","Catalogue of a collection of birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20399#page/83/mode/1up","Planesticus tristis rubicundus"],["27093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis atrotinctus","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.184 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean highlands of eastern Honduras and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAC322BB",null,null,"Tuma, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.","Further notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4368/","Turdus assimilis atrotinctus"],["27094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis cnephosus","(Bangs, 1902)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Costa Rica to central Panama (Chiriquí and Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C687CE0C",null,null,"Boquete, Volcán de Chiriquí.","Description of a new Thrush from Chiriqui.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/100/mode/1up","Merula leucauchen cnephosa"],["27095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis campanicola","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFF4A0AC",null,null,"South face of Cerra Campana, 850 m, Panama",null,null,"Turdus phaeopygus campanicola"],["27096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis croizati","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"Azuero Peninsula (south-central Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E07BCCC7",null,null,"Cerro Hoya, 2750 ft. alt., Los Santos, Panama",null,null,"Turdus phaeopygus croizati"],["27097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus assimilis coibensis","Eisenmann, 1950","The Auk 67, no.3 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Coiba and associated islets (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3CF7E2E",null,null,"Coiba Island, Veraguas, Panama.","Some notes on Panama birds collected by J. H. Batty.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol67/iss3/9/","Turdus assimilis coibensis"],["27098","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufopalliatus","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.259","Rufous-backed Thrush","Rufous-backed Robin","Rufous-backed Thrush",null,null,"semiarid to humid forest in lowlands to hills of Pacific slope from central Sonora to Nayarit, then inland to Guanajuato and surrounding states, and southward to Oaxaca (western Mexico); Islas Tres Maria (west of Nayarit); repeated vagrancy to southwestern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734203","rubrob","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubrob","avibase-3F04DF41",null,null,"Monterey, California [errore; Acapulco, Mexico, designated by Bangs and Penard, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 37].","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux tuées et rapportées par M. Léclancher, chirurgien de la marine, embarqué sur la Vénus, dans son dernier voyage de circumnavigation.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/269/mode/1up","Turdus rufo-palliatus"],["27099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufopalliatus rufopalliatus","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4A6F290",null,null,"Monterey, California [errore; Acapulco, Mexico, designated by Bangs and Penard, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 37].","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux tuées et rapportées par M. Léclancher, chirurgien de la marine, embarqué sur la Vénus, dans son dernier voyage de circumnavigation.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/269/mode/1up","Turdus rufo-palliatus"],["27100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufopalliatus interior","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C11B06FE",null,null,"Tehiuxtla, Morelas",null,null,"Turdus rufo-palliatus interior"],["27101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufopalliatus graysoni","(Ridgway, 1882)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.259 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tres Marías Islands; non-breeding visitor to adjacent coastal Nayarit (western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2BF34AF",null,null,"Tres Marías.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/32/mode/1up","Merula flavirostris graysoni"],["27102","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus leucomelas","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.238","Pale-breasted Thrush","Pale-breasted Thrush","Pale-breasted Thrush",null,null,"disjunctly in humid forest borders, dry woodland, wooded savanna, gallery forest, and fields from northern and central Colombia and western Venezuela, the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Brazil eastward to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil and westward along the Amazon River (to eastern Amazonas), in interior and northeastern Brazil southward to eastern Bolivia, northeastern Argentina, and northern Uruguay, with isolated populations in western Bolivia and adjacent Peru and in the Rio Mayo of eastern Peru (San Martín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708888","pabthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabthr1","avibase-C0938247",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/256/mode/1up","Turdus leucomelas"],["27103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus leucomelas albiventer","Spix, 1824","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.70, pl.69, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia eastward through the Guianas and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-746831F0",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Pará by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 400.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/90/mode/1up","Turdus albiventer"],["27104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus leucomelas cautor","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77D1B755",null,null,"Serrania de Macuire, 1,000 ft., above Nazaret, Guajira, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/666/mode/1up","Turdus leucomelas cautor"],["27105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus leucomelas upichiarum","Stiles & Avendaño, 2019","Zootaxa 4567(1) 161-175",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47138D80",null,null,"Colombia: department of Guaviare: municipality of Calamar: beside the caño Negro (1 21’N, 72 54’W; Fig. 1), a large creek at an elevation of 470 m, in rolling terrain in the northern sector of the Serranía in Chiribiquete National Park, in dense shrubby matorral dominated by the shrubs Bonnetia sessilis, Senfelderopsis chiribiquetensis and Clusia columnaris of heights between 2 and 3 m; by F. G. Stiles on 21 February 2017","Distribution and status of Turdus thrushes in white-sand areas of eastern Colombia, with a new subspecies of T. leucomelas","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331743617","Turdus leucomelas upichiarum"],["27106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus leucomelas leucomelas","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to eastern Paraguay, northern Bolivia, northeastern Argentina; northeastern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95725957",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/256/mode/1up","Turdus leucomelas"],["27107","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus hauxwelli","Lawrence, 1869","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9(1870) p.265","Hauxwell's Thrush","Hauxwell's Thrush","Hauxwell's Thrush",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia, southern Venezuela, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888313","hauthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hauthr1","avibase-33FBD873",null,null,"Pebas, Peru.","Characters of some new South American birds, with notes on other rare or little known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/281/mode/1up","Turdus hauxwelli"],["27108","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fumigatus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.38","Cocoa Thrush","Cocoa Thrush","Cocoa Thrush",null,null,"humid forest and woodland, gallery forest, savanna, and mangroves in the lowlands of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and to St. Vincent and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles), westward to southwestern Colombia (Cauca), eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to central and eastern Amazon basin in Brazil (to Tocantins), and the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil from northern Bahia southward to Espírito Santo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708908","cocthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocthr1","avibase-78EFB310",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Rio Espírito Santo, by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 385.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/58/mode/1up","Turdus fumigatus"],["27109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fumigatus aquilonalis","(Cherrie, 1909)","Science Bulletin, The Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 (16) p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F5E889B",null,null,"heights of Aripo, Trinidad.","New birds from the Orinoco Region and from Trinidad.",null,"Planesticus fumigatus aquilonalis"],["27110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fumigatus orinocensis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1955","American Museum Novitates no.1709 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (eastern Vichada and Meta) and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96B6DEDD",null,null,"Nericagua, 140 m., upper Orinoco River, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5354/","Turdus fumigatus orinocensis"],["27111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fumigatus fumigatus","Lichtenstein, 1823","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas to northern and eastern Brazil, Mato Grosso, and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E2548FC",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Rio Espírito Santo, by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 385.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/58/mode/1up","Turdus fumigatus"],["27112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fumigatus bondi","Deignan, 1951","The Auk 68, no.3 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05DEEDE0",null,null,"St. Vincent.","A Substitute Name for a Thrush, Turdus, of the West Indies","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol68/iss3/28/","Turdus fumigatus bondi"],["27113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus fumigatus personus","(Barbour, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EAB0CB6",null,null,"Grand Etang, 2,000 ft., Grenada.","Notes on some birds from the island of Grenada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/78/mode/1up","Planesticus nigrirostris personus"],["27114","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufiventris","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.226","Rufous-bellied Thrush","Rufous-bellied Thrush","Rufous-bellied Thrush",null,null,"open woods to city lawns of lowlands to mountains from eastern Maranhão eastward through northeastern Brazil, southwestward through central Bolivia, and southeastward to southern Buenos Aires province and Rio Grande do Sul",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708882","rubthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubthr1","avibase-849B6005",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/244/mode/1up","Turdus rufiventris"],["27115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufiventris juensis","(Cory, 1916)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Piauí and Ceará to Pernambuco and western Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52B164FD",null,null,"Juá, near Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/16/mode/1up","Planesticus rufiventer juensis"],["27116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus rufiventris rufiventris","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (southern Bahia) to Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003522DC",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/244/mode/1up","Turdus rufiventris"],["27117","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nudigenis","de Lafresnaye, 1848","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.4","Spectacled Thrush","Spectacled Thrush","Spectacled Thrush",null,null,"varied woodland from lowlands to hills from Guadeloupe to Grenada (central and southern Lesser Antilles), Trinidad and Tobago; northern and central Colombia to the Guianas, and northern Brazil southeastward to Maranhão and southward to northern Tocantins",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708919","baerob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baerob1","avibase-F697CCD2",null,null,"Caracas.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/12/mode/1up","Turdus nudigenis"],["27118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nudigenis nudigenis","de Lafresnaye, 1848","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, and Colombia to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A754244",null,null,"Caracas.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/12/mode/1up","Turdus nudigenis"],["27119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus nudigenis extimus","Todd, 1931","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 44, no.15 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (south bank of lower Amazon River in Santarém region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92D5ABEE",null,null,"Santarem, Amazon River, Brazil.","Critical notes on the Neotropical Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108192#page/74/mode/1up","Turdus nudigenis extimus"],["27120","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus haplochrous","Todd, 1931","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 44 p.54","Unicolored Thrush","Unicolored Thrush","Unicolored Thrush",null,null,"northern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz); rare and local",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708931","unithr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unithr1","avibase-3EB04282",null,null,"Palmarito, Río San Julian, Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Critical notes on the Neotropical Thrushes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108192#page/74/mode/1up","Turdus haplochrous"],["27121","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus sanchezorum","O'Neill, Lane & Naka, 2011","The Condor 113, no.4 p.870 [869-880]","Varzea Thrush","Varzea Thrush","Varzea Thrush",null,null,"northern and central Amazonian Peru, southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103888627","hauthr3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hauthr3","avibase-DCFB54ED",null,null,"Peru: depto. Loreto, south of Rlo Amazonas, about 10 km south-southwest of the mouth of Río Napo on the east bank of Quebrada Vainilla, elevation about 100 m. 8 August 1983","A cryptic new species of thrush (Turdidae: Turdus) from Western Amazonia","https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/113/4/869/5153059","Turdus sanchezorum"],["27122","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus maculirostris","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.538","Ecuadorian Thrush","Ecuadorian Thrush","Ecuadorian Thrush",null,null,"coastal western Ecuador (Esmeraldas) to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708925","ecuthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecuthr1","avibase-CA2946CA",null,null,"Chimbo, western Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/670/mode/1up","Turdus ignobilis maculirostris"],["27123","species","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.118","Clay-colored Thrush","Clay-colored Thrush","Clay-colored Thrush",null,null,"open forest to gardens from lowlands to hills of southern Texas on Caribbean slope southward through central Veracruz, thence both slopes (perhaps introduced in southern Oaxaca but now widespread there) southward through Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel, through Panama to northwestern Colombia eastward to the Venezuelan border, and southward in Cauca Valley of west-central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708914","clcrob","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clcrob","avibase-B337C841",null,null,"Guatemala; restricted to Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, by Griscom, 1930, ibid., p. 6.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/290/mode/1up","Turdus Grayi"],["27124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi tamaulipensis","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.75-76",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Mexico (far southern Texas and northeastern Mexico, from central Nuevo León and central Tamaulipas; southern limits indeterminate)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6490327",null,null,"Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Merula tamaulipensis"],["27125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi microrhynchus","Lowery & Newman, 1949","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 22 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Santa María del Río region of San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D094147B",null,null,"Santa Maria del Rio, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.","New birds from the Sate of San Luis Potosi and the Tuxtla Mountains of Veracruz, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/15/","Turdus grayi microrhynchus"],["27126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi lanyoni","Dickerman, 1981","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101, no.2 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Mexico (eastern Tamaulipas southward to northern Oaxaca and Tabasco) southward to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7DC2C60",null,null,"San Andres, Tuxtle Mountains, 0.5 km, W Cerro Balzapate, Veracruz, Mexico","Preliminary review of the Clay-coloured Robin Turdus grayi with redesignation of type locality of the nominate form and description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/61/mode/1up","Turdus grayi lanyoni"],["27127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi yucatanensis","Phillips, 1991","The known birds of North and Middle America 2 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula), and presumably also northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0DC58F0",null,null,"Xocempich, Yucatan",null,null,"Turdus grayi yucatanensis"],["27128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi linnaei","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.7 p.127 [127-128]",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southeastern Oaxaca and adjacent Chiapas, also interior of Chiapas) at least to the border with Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCFAE8C4",null,null,"Las Delicias, municipios de la Trinitaria, Chiapas (ca. 15°57'N 91°49'20\"W)","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/173/mode/1up","Turdus grayi linnaei"],["27129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi grayi","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Chiapas) and northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2F26A9F",null,null,"Guatemala; restricted to Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, by Griscom, 1930, ibid., p. 6.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/290/mode/1up","Turdus Grayi"],["27130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi megas","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"western Guatemala to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-618B6CDF",null,null,"Matagalpa, 2,200 ft., Nicaragua.","Notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Turdus grayi megas"],["27131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi casius","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41, no.17 p.657",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia (northwestern Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BC94C4C",null,null,"Panama.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/667/mode/1up","Planesticus casius"],["27132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi incomptus","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia (Barranquilla to Santa Marta Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8224304E",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19431#page/476/mode/1up","Merula incompta"],["27133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Turdidae","Thrushes and allies","Turdus grayi suarezi","Avendaño, Cuervo, Montoya et al., 2021","Zootaxa 5061(1) p.115 [105-123]",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Colombia (Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-921747A1",null,null,"Colombia: department of Antioquia, municipality of San Jerónimo, vereda Tefetanes, c. 4.2 km  northwest of San Jerónimo (6°28'N, 75°46'W), elevation 550 m; border of second growth, in an area of tropical dry forest in the middle canyon of the Cauca River.","A new subspecies in the Turdus nudigenis complex (Aves: Turdidae) from the Cauca River valley of Colombia","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355694191","Turdus grayi suarezi"],["27134","family","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapidae",null,null,"Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Old World Flycatchers","Old World Flycatchers and Chats",null,null,null,null,null,null,"muscic3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/muscic3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["27135","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Alethe","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Napothera castanea [Cassin, 1856]; type by monotypy","Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/61/mode/1up","Alethe"],["27136","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Alethe diademata","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.302","White-tailed Alethe","White-tailed Alethe","White-tailed Alethe",null,null,"patchy in lowland primary and old secondary forest, gallery forest, forest patches in savanna, and plantations, from southwestern Senegal eastward to western Togo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730755","ficale3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ficale3","avibase-ECD2AB67",null,null,"Afr. occid. Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/474/mode/1up","Bessonornis (Turdus) diadematus"],["27137","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Alethe castanea","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.158","Fire-crested Alethe","Fire-crested Alethe","Fire-crested Alethe",null,null,"lowland and foothill undergrowth in primary and old secondary forest, and forest patches in savanna, from southern Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), eastward to southwestern South Sudan, and western Uganda, and southward to northern Angola, central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709022","ficale2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ficale2","avibase-DA4D7386",null,null,"Moonda River, western Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/178/mode/1up","Napothera castanea"],["27138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Alethe castanea castanea","(Cassin, 1856)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.4 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20BB972B",null,null,"Moonda River, western Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/178/mode/1up","Napothera castanea"],["27139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Alethe castanea woosnami","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern South Sudan, western Uganda, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB2410EA",null,null,"forest near Urumu, 3,000 feet, northwest of Ruwenzori.","Description of new species from Mount Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/448/mode/1up","Alethe woosnami"],["27140","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon","Richmond, 1917","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 53, no.2221 p.575.",null,null,null,"2025-0151","The genus <em>Tychaedon </em>(comprising <em>leucosticta, quadrivirgata, barbata, signata</em>, and <em>coryphoeus</em>) is split from <em>Cercotrichas </em>based on the genetic study of Voelker et al. (2014) and supported by ecological and morphological differences.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cossypha signata [Sundevall]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32465#page/727/mode/1up","Tychaedon"],["27141","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon coryphoeus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.177","Karoo Scrub Robin","Karoo Scrub-Robin","Karoo Scrub-robin","2025-0180","Taxon <em>coryphoeus </em>is placed in the genus <em>Tychaedon </em>following Voelker et al. (2014).","lowland strandveld, Karoo scrub, and hillside bush, from central Namibia southward to western and central South Africa, and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709958","kasrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kasrob2","avibase-B796DBCB",null,null,"'Le Coriphee' Sondag and Zwarte-kop Rivers ; restricted to Uitenhage, Sunday River, Cape Province by Macdonald, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/191/mode/1up","Sylvia coryphaeus"],["27142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon coryphoeus abboti","(Friedmann, 1932)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FF41EEB",null,null,"Fish River, 6 miles from Berseba, South West African Protectorate. [=Namibia]","Two birds new to science from Great Namaqualand","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/85/mode/1up","Erythropygia coryphaeus abboti"],["27143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon coryphoeus coryphoeus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia, western South Africa (eastward to Free State), and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A3AEB19",null,null,"'Le Coriphee' Sondag and Zwarte-kop Rivers ; restricted to Uitenhage, Sunday River, Cape Province by Macdonald, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/191/mode/1up","Sylvia coryphaeus"],["27144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon coryphoeus cinerea","(Macdonald, 1952)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 72, no.8 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECD5DB60",null,null,"16 miles north of Port Nolloth, Little Namaqualand.","Variation in the Karroo Robin, Erythropygia coryphaeus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125675#page/137/mode/1up","Erythropygia coryphaeus cinereus"],["27145","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon signata","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.101","Brown Scrub Robin","Brown Scrub-Robin","Brown Scrub-robin",null,null,"lowland evergreen forest undergrowth, including mist-belt forest riverine bushveld, and wooded coastal dunes, from central and southern Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa southward to coastal southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709909","brsrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brsrob1","avibase-231FD09E",null,null,"Caffraria inferiore; type from Umhlanga, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/111/mode/1up","Cossypha signata"],["27146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon signata tongensis","Roberts, 1931","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14, pt.3 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Mozambique, eastern Eswatini, and northeastern South Africa (southward to northern KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85439008",null,null,"Mangusi Forest, North Zululand.","Some new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_638","Tychaedon signata tongensis"],["27147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon signata signata","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (Limpopo southward to southern KwaZulu-Natal and westward along the coast of Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0982F3C3",null,null,"Caffraria inferiore; type from Umhlanga, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/111/mode/1up","Cossypha signata"],["27148","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon leucosticta","(Sharpe, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.44 pl.1","Forest Scrub Robin","Forest Scrub-Robin","Forest Scrub-robin",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland and foothill rainforest, dense secondary forest, and escarpment scrub, from Sierra Leone eastward to southeastern Ghana, and in southeastern Central African Republic and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (recorded far western Uganda), and in northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709882","fosrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fosrob1","avibase-712C7EA0",null,null,"Accra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/64/mode/1up","Cossypha leucosticta"],["27149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon leucosticta colstoni","(Tye, 1991)","Malimbus 13 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone (Kambui Hills) and Liberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CD2F1B5",null,null,"Grassfield, Mt. Nimba, Liberia","A new subspecies of Forest Scrub-Robin Cercotrichas leucosticta from West Africa.","http://malimbus.free.fr/articles/V13/13074077.pdf","Cercotrichas leucosticta colstoni"],["27150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon leucosticta leucosticta","(Sharpe, 1883)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.44 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93F49DAC",null,null,"Accra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/64/mode/1up","Cossypha leucosticta"],["27151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon leucosticta collsi","(Alexander, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62829966",null,null,"Libokwa, Welle River.","Exhibition of six new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/470/mode/1up","Erythropygia collsi"],["27152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon leucosticta reichenowi","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola (Huila escarpment)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57FBAE03",null,null,"Canhoca.","Exhibition of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/519/mode/1up","Erythropygia reichenowi"],["27153","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon barbata","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.864","Miombo Scrub Robin","Miombo Scrub-Robin","Miombo Scrub-robin",null,null,"foothill to submontane miombo woodland, riparian thickets, and termitaria thickets, from north-central Angola eastward to western Tanzania, and southward to southern Angola, Zambia, and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709900","misrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/misrob1","avibase-8CFA2604",null,null,"Benguella [= Caconda, Benguella, vide Barboza du Bocage, 1881, Orn. Angola, p. 261] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/886/mode/1up","Cossypha barbata"],["27154","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon quadrivirgata","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114","Bearded Scrub Robin","Bearded Scrub-Robin","Bearded Scrub-robin",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry forest, riverine forest, and termitaria thickets, from central and southeastern Kenya and southern Somalia southward to Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, and from northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana eastward to Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique, and thence southward to eastern South Africa and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709891","besrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/besrob1","avibase-92908926",null,null,"Kapini [=Kipini], lower Tana River [reference not verified] .","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Thamnobia quadrivirgata"],["27155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon quadrivirgata quadrivirgata","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Zambia, and northeastern southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EB52576",null,null,"Kapini [=Kipini], lower Tana River [reference not verified] .","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Thamnobia quadrivirgata"],["27156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tychaedon quadrivirgata greenwayi","(Moreau, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"Zanzibar and Mafia Island (off Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BB0CCD5",null,null,"Mafia Island, Tanganyika Territory.","Description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/100/mode/1up","Erythropygia barbata greenwayi"],["27157","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas","Boie, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.542",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus erythropterus [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870, Vög. Ost.-Afr., p. 249). = Turdus podobe Statius Muller, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/297/mode/1up","Cercotrichas"],["27158","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas podobe","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.145","Black Scrub Robin","Black Scrub-Robin","Black Scrub-robin",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid subdesert, shrubby savanna, and palm groves, from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward through the Sahel to eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and on Arabian Peninsula; summer visitor to southern Israel (has bred), winter visitor to Somalia, some populations migratory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709967","blsrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blsrob1","avibase-6D92499B",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/165/mode/1up","Turdus podobe"],["27159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas podobe podobe","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania to Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76C95BB",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/165/mode/1up","Turdus podobe"],["27160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas podobe melanoptera","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.z p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"western Saudi Arabia and Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4A7DEE0",null,null,"Arabia [= Kunfuda, Yemen] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/69/mode/1up","Sphenura erythroptera var. melanoptera"],["27161","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas galactotes","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.182","Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin","Rufous-tailed Scrub-Robin","Rufous-tailed Scrub-robin",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill dry open woodland, wooded grassland, brushy semi-desert, tamarisk and acacia stands, and orchards, from Iberian Peninsula eastward through Greece and Türkiye to southern Kazakhstan, southward to northwestern Africa, and eastward through Nile Valley (Egypt) and Arabia to western Pakistan, and from Mauritania eastward through the Sahel to Eritrea and Somalia; northern populations migrate to sub-Saharan Sahel and to eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709936","rutscr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutscr1","avibase-B68BD0D2",null,null,"Algeciras, southern Spain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/310/mode/1up","Sylvia galactotes"],["27162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas galactotes galactotes","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Mediterranean basin and North Africa; winters to southern Sahara",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B2653B2",null,null,"Algeciras, southern Spain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/310/mode/1up","Sylvia galactotes"],["27163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas galactotes syriaca","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.z p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Mediterranean basin and Middle East; winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19850A30",null,null,"Syria [= Beirut, vide Hartert, 1909, op. cit., p. 605] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/64/mode/1up","Curruca galactodes var. syriaca"],["27164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas galactotes familiaris","(Ménétries, 1832)","Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Caucasus to Iran and Pakistan; winters to southern Arabia and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16F95D5D",null,null,"banks of the Kura, near Salyany, southeastern Azerbaijan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110503#page/42/mode/1up","Sylvia familiaris"],["27165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas galactotes minor","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66C4625B",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/55/mode/1up","A[edon] minor"],["27166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas galactotes hamertoni","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Somalia (Beira and Wagar mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0048BDDF",null,null,"Beira and Wagar Mountains, Somaliland.","Description of a new Chat-Thrush from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/448/mode/1up","Erythropygia hamertoni"],["27167","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas paena","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.46","Kalahari Scrub Robin","Kalahari Scrub-Robin","Kalahari Scrub-robin",null,null,"lowland to foothill open scrub, brushy edges to sand-pans, and lightly wooded savanna, from southwestern Angola and Namibia eastward to western Zimbabwe, and southward to northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709949","kasrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kasrob1","avibase-C1EF6940",null,null,"between Latakoo and the Tropic [= north of Kuruman, northern Cape Province] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/126/mode/1up","Erythropygia paena"],["27168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas paena benguellensis","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola (Benguela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E4243CF",null,null,"Huxe, Benguella.","Exhibition of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/520/mode/1up","Erythropygia paena benguellensis"],["27169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas paena paena","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia, Botswana, and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCE941BE",null,null,"between Latakoo and the Tropic [= north of Kuruman, northern Cape Province] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/126/mode/1up","Erythropygia paena"],["27170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas paena oriens","(Clancey, 1957)","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.4 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Zimbabwe and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20E24F04",null,null,"Glen, on Modder River, north of Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, South Africa.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 9. Description of six new races of birds from the interior of South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1394","Erythropygia paena oriens"],["27171","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas hartlaubi","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.63","Brown-backed Scrub Robin","Brown-backed Scrub-Robin","Brown-backed Scrub-robin",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane tall-grass savanna, riparian thickets, secondary scrub, and plantations, in southeastern Nigeria eastward to western Central African Republic, and in northwestern Angola, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya, and southward to Burundi and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709918","bbsrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbsrob1","avibase-15B2DD49",null,null,"Mutjara [= Mutsora, near Ruwenzori, Congo].","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Arten II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/75/mode/1up","Erythropygia hartlaubi"],["27172","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.191","White-browed Scrub Robin","White-browed Scrub-Robin","White-browed Scrub-robin",null,null,"lowland to montane thornscrub, open broad-leafed woodland, and dune scrub, from eastern Gabon and Republic of the Congo eastward to southern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia, thence southward to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, southern Mozambique, and eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709927","rbsrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbsrob1","avibase-B5B6EC7B",null,null,"Gamtoos River, eastern Cape Province, ex Levaillant, 1802, Oiseaux Afrique, 3, pl. 118, 'Le Grivetin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/205/mode/1up","Sylvia leucophrys"],["27173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys leucoptera","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, central and southern Ethiopia, northwestern Somalia, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77F5D892",null,null,"Shoa district [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/52/mode/1up","Salicaria leucoptera"],["27174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys eluta","(Bowen, 1934)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47, no.28 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia (Juba River area) and adjacent northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F7BA55C",null,null,"Kismayu, Jubaland.","Review of the subspecies of the African Scrub-Robin Erythropygia leucophrys (Vieillot).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/179/mode/1up","Erythropygia leucophrys eluta"],["27175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys vulpina","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Kenya to far northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-415677B7",null,null,"Ndi in Teita.","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Arten II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/74/mode/1up","Erythropygia vulpina"],["27176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys brunneiceps","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.193 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to northeastern Tanzania (west of Kilimanjaro to Loliondo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B75F6250",null,null,"Nguruman, near Lake Natron.","Bemerkungen über afrikanische Arten II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/75/mode/1up","Erythropygia brunneiceps"],["27177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys sclateri","(Grote, 1930)","The Bateleur: A Quarterly Journal of African Ornithology 2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD2004B",null,null,"Iringa, Uhehe, Tanganyika.",null,null,"Erythropygia leucoptera sclateri"],["27178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys zambesiana","(Sharpe, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.3 p.588 (in text), pl. XLV, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern South Sudan and northern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Kenya, southward to Malawi, northern Mozambique, and eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB9C16F9",null,null,"Tete, Lower Zambesi.","On two apparently new Species of Erythropygia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/720/mode/1up","Erythropygia zambesiana"],["27179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys munda","(Cabanis, 1880)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo River to central Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BDA4333",null,null,"Malandje, northern Angola [reference not verified].","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_I-LXXV.pdf","Thamnobia munda"],["27180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys ovamboensis","(Neumann, 1920)","Journal für Ornithologie 68, no.1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to southwestern Zambia, northern Botswana, northern Namibia, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29ED0D2D",null,null,"Ombongo and Ovankenyama.","Neue Gattungen und Unterarten afrikanischer Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43506#page/93/mode/1up","Erythropygia munda ovamboensis"],["27181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cercotrichas leucophrys leucophrys","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zimbabwe and eastern South Africa, southward along the coast to Eastern Cape",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CD8012E",null,null,"Gamtoos River, eastern Cape Province, ex Levaillant, 1802, Oiseaux Afrique, 3, pl. 118, 'Le Grivetin.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/205/mode/1up","Sylvia leucophrys"],["27182","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.306",null,null,null,"2025-0187","An expanded <em>Copsychus </em>is recognized based on genetics. Sometimes split into four genera (<em>Copsychus, Saxicoloides, Trichixos,</em> and <em>Kittacincla</em>) these clades form a monophyletic group based on analysis of limited nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Lim et al. 2010b; Sangster et al. 2010); genomic data would be informative.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gracula saularis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 21).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/348/mode/1up","Copsychus"],["27183","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus fulicatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.336","Indian Robin","Indian Robin","Indian Robin",null,null,"lowland to foothill open rocky hills, thornscrub, palm groves, saltpans, stony scrub, and villages, from eastern Pakistan eastward through Peninsular India to western Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710023","indrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indrob1","avibase-9006B4EF",null,null,"Philippines [= Pondichery, vide Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, 94, pp. 515, 520].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/340/mode/1up","Motacilla fulicata"],["27184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus fulicatus cambaiensis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.554",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan (south from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to eastern Baluchistan), northern and western India (eastward to Bihar, southward to Tapti River), and southern Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4646480",null,null,"Gujarat, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226469#page/94/mode/1up","Sylvia cambaiensis"],["27185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus fulicatus erythrurus","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie Zool.[\"1834\"] pt4 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (plains of Bihar, West Bengal, and northern Bangladesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB90C646",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA270","Turdus (Saxicoloides) erythrurus"],["27186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus fulicatus intermedius","(Whistler & Kinnear, 1932)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 no.1 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"central India (Tapti River, southern Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha southward to Krishna River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68EA9BD6",null,null,"Rahuri, Ahmednagar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187059#page/153/mode/1up","Saxicoloides fulicata intermedia"],["27187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus fulicatus fulicatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (from Krishna River southward to Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-727406E4",null,null,"Philippines [= Pondichery, vide Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, 94, pp. 515, 520].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/340/mode/1up","Motacilla fulicata"],["27188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus fulicatus leucopterus","(Lesson, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F215FA0A",null,null,"Indes Orientales [= Ceylon, fide Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 112].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/146/mode/1up","M[icropus] leucopterus"],["27189","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus sechellarum","Newton, 1865","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.3 p.332 pl.8","Seychelles Magpie-Robin","Seychelles Magpie-Robin","Seychelles Magpie-robin",null,null,"Frégate (Seychelles); endangered, with translocated populations now on Cousin, Cousine, Aride, and Denis islands",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709978","semrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semrob1","avibase-4B41D53C",null,null,"on some islands of the Seychelles.","On an apparently undescribed Bird from the Seychelle Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/366/mode/1up","Copsychus sechellarum"],["27190","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165","Oriental Magpie-Robin","Oriental Magpie-Robin","Oriental Magpie-robin",null,null,"lowland to foothill evergreen and deciduous forest, riparian woodland, bamboo, mangroves, plantations, and villages, from Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Andaman Islands, Greater Sundas, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103893432","magrob","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magrob","avibase-D112C938",null,null,"Asia; restricted to Bengal by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 714.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/184/mode/1up","Gracula Saularis"],["27191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis saularis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan eastward to eastern and southern China (including Hainan), Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F498D544",null,null,"Asia; restricted to Bengal by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 714.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/184/mode/1up","Gracula Saularis"],["27192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis ceylonensis","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75795A55",null,null,"Ceylon.","On a New Species of the Genus Copsychus from Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/260/mode/1up","Copsychus ceylonensis"],["27193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis andamanensis","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2, no.1, 2 & 3 p.231,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2C00968",null,null,"Andamans.","Contributions to the Ornithology of India. The Islands of the Bay of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/249/mode/1up","Copsychus andamanensis"],["27194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis musicus","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula (perhaps an area of introgression between saularis and musicus?), Sumatra and associated islands (Simeulue, the Batu Islands, Nias, Mentawai Islands, Riau Archipelago, Belitung, and Bangka), and western Java; intergrades with amoenus in central Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80F05F20",null,null,"Bencoolen, West Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/339/mode/1up","Lanius musicus"],["27195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis amoenus","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABC7AEFC",null,null,"Java [= East Java, vide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 63].","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/166/mode/1up","Turdus amoenus"],["27196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis adamsi","Elliot, 1890","The Auk 7, no.4 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo, including Banggi and adjacent islands (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A24C91BA",null,null,"Sandakan, Borneo","A list of birds from northeast Borneo, with field notes by Mr. C. F. Adams.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss4/11/","Copsychus adamsi"],["27197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus saularis pluto","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Borneo and Maratua Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B1C1789",null,null,"ex Borneo [= neighborhood of Samarinda, vide Chasen and Kloss, 1930, Bull. Raffles Mus., 4, p. 90].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/423/mode/1up","Copsychus (Turdus) pluto"],["27198","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus mindanensis","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.38","Philippine Magpie-Robin","Philippine Magpie-Robin","Philippine Magpie-robin",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103893527","phimar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phimar1","avibase-24D2DF19",null,null,"Philippine Islands ; restricted to Mindanao by Parkes, 1962, ibid., p. 3.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/60/mode/1up","Turdus mindanensis"],["27199","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus albospecularis","(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.62-76, p.9; pl.64-65","Madagascar Magpie-Robin","Madagascar Magpie-Robin",null,"2025-0184","Taxon <em>pica </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Copsychus albospecularis</em> (polytypic) based on evidence of intergradation between these forms (Safford &amp; Hawkins 2013). Further research on proposed behavioral and ecological differences is needed, and genetic data would be informative.","Madagascar",null,null,null,"mamrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mamrob1","avibase-97015904",null,null,"Madagascar ; restricted to Maroantsetra, northeastern Madagascar, by Delacour, 1931, Ois. Rev. Franç. Orn., 1, p. 623.","Voyage autour du monde de la corvette La Favorite. Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/89/mode/1up","Turdus albo-specularis"],["27200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus albospecularis pica","Pelzeln, 1858","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, western, and southern Madagascar (Tsaranatana massif southward to the Androy region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DE3F1BD",null,null,"Bontebok Bay, northwestern Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30227#page/359/mode/1up","Copsychus (Turdus) pica"],["27201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus albospecularis albospecularis","(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.62-76, p.9; pl.64-65",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Madagascar (intergrading with inexspectatus in east-central Madagascar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCA8468E",null,null,"Madagascar ; restricted to Maroantsetra, northeastern Madagascar, by Delacour, 1931, Ois. Rev. Franç. Orn., 1, p. 623.","Voyage autour du monde de la corvette La Favorite. Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/89/mode/1up","Turdus albo-specularis"],["27202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus albospecularis inexspectatus","Richmond, 1897","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 19, no.1118 p.688",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Madagascar (intergrading with albospecularis in east-central Madagascar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFAEB880",null,null,"mouth of River Fanantra, east coast of Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31780#page/820/mode/1up","Copsychus inexpectatus"],["27203","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus pyrropygus","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.167","Rufous-tailed Shama","Rufous-tailed Shama","Rufous-tailed Shama",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf evergreen forest, coastal peat-swamp forest, and upland heath forest, from far southern Thailand and peninsular Malayasia southward to Sumatra and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710012","rutsha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutsha2","avibase-E22B9F79",null,null,"Sumatra.","Liste d'oiseaux nouveaux de la collection du docteur Abeillé de Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/175/mode/1up","Trichixos pyrropyga"],["27204","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus superciliaris","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.23","Visayan Shama","Visayan Shama","Visayan Shama",null,null,"west-central Philippines, on Panay and Negros (West Visayas), and reported Ticao and Masbate",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103894735","vissha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vissha1","avibase-CEED5ACE",null,null,"Masbate, Negros and Ticao Islands.",null,null,"Cittocincla superciliaris"],["27205","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus luzoniensis","(Kittlitz, 1832)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 1 p.7 pl.11 fig.2","White-browed Shama","White-browed Shama","White-browed Shama",null,null,"Luzon, Catanduanes, Polillo, and Marinduque (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103894700","whbsha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsha1","avibase-E80564C5",null,null,"Luzon [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/15/mode/1up","Turdus luzoniensis"],["27206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus luzoniensis luzoniensis","(Kittlitz, 1832)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 1 p.7 pl.11 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-992ED8C7",null,null,"Luzon [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/15/mode/1up","Turdus luzoniensis"],["27207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus luzoniensis parvimaculatus","(McGregor, 1910)","The Philippine Journal of Science 5, section D p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Polillo (northeastern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FE1CB9E",null,null,"Polillo, Polillo Island, Philippine Islands.","Birds collected in the Island of Polillo, Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54081#page/425/mode/1up","Kittacincla parvimaculata"],["27208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus luzoniensis shemleyi","du Pont, 1976","Nemouria no.17 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Marinduque (north-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85AA19AD",null,null,"Matabang Bundok, Kilo-Kilo, Santa Cruz, Marinduque Island, Philippines","Notes on Philippine birds (No. 4). Additions and corrections to Philippine Birds.",null,"Copsychus luzoniensis shemleyi"],["27209","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus niger","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.335 pl.52","White-vented Shama","White-vented Shama","White-vented Shama",null,null,"Palawan group (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710006","whvsha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whvsha1","avibase-974AE5EC",null,null,"Palawan.","On a new Species of the genus Copsychus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/457/mode/1up","Cittocincla nigra"],["27210","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus cebuensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.20","Black Shama","Black Shama","Black Shama",null,null,"Cebu (south-central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710009","blasha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blasha1","avibase-93B8CF8F",null,null,"no locality; Cebu Island designated by Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 58.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/24/mode/1up","Cittocincla cebuensis"],["27211","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus omissus","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.572","Larwo Shama","Larwo Shama",null,"2025-1192","<em>Copsychus malabaricus</em> (White-rumped Shama) <em>sensu lato</em> is here split into multiple species based on mitochondrial (Lim et al. 2010) and especially genome-wide DNA data (Lim et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2022b) attesting to deep divergences and paraphyly: <em>C. malabaricus</em> (polytypic, including <em>macrourus, ngae, tricolor, hypolizus, opisthochrus, melanurus, mirabilis</em>, and <em>suavis</em>);<em> C. stricklandii</em> (monotypic); <em>C. barbouri</em> (monotypic); <em>C. omissus</em> (polytypic, including <em>javanus</em>); <em>C. nigricauda</em> (monotypic); and <em>C. leggei</em> (monotypic). <em>C. stricklandii </em>and <em>C. malabaricus</em> are known to hybridize in the wild, possibly leading to their low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Lim et al. 2010). However, their hybrid zone is narrow, and their plumage divergence relatively deep.","central and eastern Java",null,null,null,"larsha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larsha1","avibase-777915C4",null,null,"Lawang, East Java.","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/638/mode/1up","Kittacincla macrurus omissa"],["27212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus omissus javanus","(Kloss, 1921)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"central Java (now rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D584059A",null,null,"Karangbolang, south coast of mid- Java (not Karangboland of Noesa Kambangan Island).","New and little known Oriental birds.",null,"Kittacincla malabarica javana"],["27213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus omissus omissus","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Java (now rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A168FBDE",null,null,"Lawang, East Java.","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/638/mode/1up","Kittacincla macrurus omissa"],["27214","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus albiventris","(Blyth, 1858)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 27, no.3 p.269","Andaman Shama","Andaman Shama","Andaman Shama",null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103894787","andsha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andsha1","avibase-D5038426",null,null,"Andamans.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for May, 1858.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124445#page/283/mode/1up","Kittacincla albiventris"],["27215","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus barbouri","(Bangs & Peters, 1927)","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.239","Maratua Shama","Maratua Shama",null,"2025-1192","<em>Copsychus malabaricus</em> (White-rumped Shama) <em>sensu lato</em> is here split into multiple species based on mitochondrial (Lim et al. 2010) and especially genome-wide DNA data (Lim et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2022b) attesting to deep divergences and paraphyly: <em>C. malabaricus</em> (polytypic, including <em>macrourus, ngae, tricolor, hypolizus, opisthochrus, melanurus, mirabilis</em>, and <em>suavis</em>);<em> C. stricklandii</em> (monotypic); <em>C. barbouri</em> (monotypic); <em>C. omissus</em> (polytypic, including <em>javanus</em>); <em>C. nigricauda</em> (monotypic); and <em>C. leggei</em> (monotypic). <em>C. stricklandii </em>and <em>C. malabaricus</em> are known to hybridize in the wild, possibly leading to their low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Lim et al. 2010). However, their hybrid zone is narrow, and their plumage divergence relatively deep.","formerly Maratua Island (off northern Borneo); probably extinct in the wild",null,null,null,"whrsha17","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsha17","avibase-F413CC24",null,null,"Maratua Island.","Birds from Maratua Island, off the east coast of Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/279/mode/1up","Kittacincla barbouri"],["27216","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus stricklandii","Motley & Dillwyn, 1855","Contributions to the natural history of Labuan, and the adjacent coasts of Borneo p.20 pl.4","White-crowned Shama","White-crowned Shama",null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Borneo, including Labuan, Balembangan, and Banggi islands (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,"whrsha16","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsha16","avibase-8C978D58",null,null,"Labuan Island [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Copsychus Stricklandii"],["27217","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus nigricauda","(Vorderman, 1893)","Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 52 p.197","Kangean Shama","Kangean Shama",null,"2025-1192","<em>Copsychus malabaricus</em> (White-rumped Shama) <em>sensu lato</em> is here split into multiple species based on mitochondrial (Lim et al. 2010) and especially genome-wide DNA data (Lim et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2022b) attesting to deep divergences and paraphyly: <em>C. malabaricus</em> (polytypic, including <em>macrourus, ngae, tricolor, hypolizus, opisthochrus, melanurus, mirabilis</em>, and <em>suavis</em>);<em> C. stricklandii</em> (monotypic); <em>C. barbouri</em> (monotypic); <em>C. omissus</em> (polytypic, including <em>javanus</em>); <em>C. nigricauda</em> (monotypic); and <em>C. leggei</em> (monotypic). <em>C. stricklandii </em>and <em>C. malabaricus</em> are known to hybridize in the wild, possibly leading to their low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Lim et al. 2010). However, their hybrid zone is narrow, and their plumage divergence relatively deep.","formerly Kangean Islands and Matasiri Island (Java Sea); probably extinct in the wild",null,null,null,"whrsha11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsha11","avibase-B3830C82",null,null,"Kangean.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122295#page/241/mode/1up","Cittocincla nigricauda"],["27218","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus leggei","(Whistler, 1941)","Ibis ser.14, vol.5, no.2 p.319","Sri Lanka Shama","Sri Lanka Shama",null,"2025-1192","<em>Copsychus malabaricus</em> (White-rumped Shama) <em>sensu lato</em> is here split into multiple species based on mitochondrial (Lim et al. 2010) and especially genome-wide DNA data (Lim et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2022b) attesting to deep divergences and paraphyly: <em>C. malabaricus</em> (polytypic, including <em>macrourus, ngae, tricolor, hypolizus, opisthochrus, melanurus, mirabilis</em>, and <em>suavis</em>);<em> C. stricklandii</em> (monotypic); <em>C. barbouri</em> (monotypic); <em>C. omissus</em> (polytypic, including <em>javanus</em>); <em>C. nigricauda</em> (monotypic); and <em>C. leggei</em> (monotypic). <em>C. stricklandii </em>and <em>C. malabaricus</em> are known to hybridize in the wild, possibly leading to their low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Lim et al. 2010). However, their hybrid zone is narrow, and their plumage divergence relatively deep.","Sri Lanka",null,null,null,"whrsha5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsha5","avibase-C5C6D2B5",null,null,"Uragaha, Ceylon.","Recognition of new Subspecies of Birds from Ceylon.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00626.x","Kittacincla malabarica leggei"],["27219","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96","White-rumped Shama","White-rumped Shama",null,"2025-1192","<em>Copsychus malabaricus</em> (White-rumped Shama) <em>sensu lato</em> is here split into multiple species based on mitochondrial (Lim et al. 2010) and especially genome-wide DNA data (Lim et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2022b) attesting to deep divergences and paraphyly: <em>C. malabaricus</em> (polytypic, including <em>macrourus, ngae, tricolor, hypolizus, opisthochrus, melanurus, mirabilis</em>, and <em>suavis</em>);<em> C. stricklandii</em> (monotypic); <em>C. barbouri</em> (monotypic); <em>C. omissus</em> (polytypic, including <em>javanus</em>); <em>C. nigricauda</em> (monotypic); and <em>C. leggei</em> (monotypic). <em>C. stricklandii </em>and <em>C. malabaricus</em> are known to hybridize in the wild, possibly leading to their low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Lim et al. 2010). However, their hybrid zone is narrow, and their plumage divergence relatively deep.","hills of India eastward through southeastern China (including Hainan), and southward to Borneo and western Java",null,null,null,"whrsha","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsha","avibase-0E5168F9",null,null,"Mahe, Malabar.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Muscicapa malabarica"],["27220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus malabaricus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AA62770",null,null,"Mahe, Malabar.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Muscicapa malabarica"],["27221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus macrourus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.820",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to northeastern India, southern China (including Hainan), Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina (including Con Son Island, southern Vietnam), and the northern Thai-Malay Peninsula; the species also is introduced on Taiwan (subspecies not confirmed, possibly macrourus) and the Hawaiian Islands (probably macrourus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA026D2B",null,null,"In Pulo-Condore [=Con Son Island, Vietnam] et Malabar, India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/321/mode/1up","Turdus macrourus"],["27222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus ngae","Wu & Rheindt, 2022","Journal für Ornithologie 163, no.3 p.659-669",null,null,null,null,null,"islands on the west side of the Thai-Malay Peninsula (from the Thai/Myanmar border southward to the Langkawi Archipelago at the Thai/Malayasian border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-758F173D",null,null,"Dayang Bunting Island south of Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia","A distinct new subspecies of the white-rumped shama Copsychus malabaricus at imminent risk of extinction","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10336-022-01977-2","Copsychus malabaricus ngae"],["27223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus tricolor","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Riau and Lingga Archipelagos, Bangka, Belitung, Anambas, and Natuna islands, and western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-481A1450",null,null,"islands of the South Sea [= Bantam, western Java, vide Robinson and Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, p. 210].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/309/mode/1up","Turdus tricolor"],["27224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus hypolizus","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Simeulue Island (off western Sumatra); on the brink of becoming extinct in the wild",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECC5BA13",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/131/mode/1up","Kittacincla melanura hypoliza"],["27225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus opisthochrus","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lasia and Babi islands (off western Sumatra); on verge of extinction",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFE6C4C1",null,null,"Pulo Lasia, near Simalur Island, West Sumatra.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/131/mode/1up","Kittacincla melanura opisthochra"],["27226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus melanurus","(Salvadori, 1887)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.24 p.549, pl. 8, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias and Mentawai Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60492468",null,null,"G. Sitoli, Lelemboli, Ombalata, Nias Island, near Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94498#page/571/mode/1up","Cittocincla melanura"],["27227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus mirabilis","Hoogerwerf, 1962","Ardea 50, no.3/4 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Panaitan Island (Sunda Strait); likely extinct","(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-71CC3FDA",null,null,"Tjiharashas, Prinsen Island, West Java.","Some ornithological notes on the smaller islands around Java (with the descriptions of seven new subspecies).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1188","Copsychus malabaricus mirabilis"],["27228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Copsychus malabaricus suavis","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.185-186",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (except northern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA674869",null,null,"Banjermassing, southern Borneo.","On a New Species of the Genus Copsychus from Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/259/mode/1up","Copsychus suavis"],["27229","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.6",null,null,null,"2025-0190","Taxa <em>pallidus </em>and <em>infuscatus </em>are placed in the genus <em>Agricola</em>, while taxa <em>mariquensis </em>and <em>microrhynchus </em>are placed in <em>Bradornis </em>based on Voelker et al. (2016). Despite morphological and behavioral similarities these clades were not recovered as monophyletic based on analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Voelker et al. 2016); further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Saxicola infuscata [Smith, A, 1839]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/16/mode/1up","Agricola"],["27230","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola infuscatus","(Smith, 1839)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.28,text","Chat Flycatcher","Chat Flycatcher","Chat-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland acacia savanna, Karoo and Kalahari shrubland, and dry open woodland, from southwestern Angola and northern Botswana southward to western South Africa (eastward to Free State and Eastern Cape)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709040","chafly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chafly2","avibase-6E8F3B30",null,null,"between the Olifants and Orange Rivers, South Africa; restricted to Booisberg, near Nuwerus, western Cape Province, by Winterbottom, 1958, Ostrich, 29, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/121/mode/1up","Saxicola infuscata"],["27231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola infuscatus benguellensis","(Sousa, 1886)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal southwestern Angola (Benguela) to northwestern Namibia (Kaokoveld)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28B9CDB8",null,null,"Benguela, Angola.",null,null,"Bradyornis benguellensis"],["27232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola infuscatus namaquensis","(Macdonald, 1957)","Contribution to the ornithology of western South Africa: results of the British Museum (Natural History) South West Africa Expedition, 1949-50 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78056AAB",null,null,"Aamhoup, Great Namaqualand = Amhub, Maltahohe district, lat. 25° 20' S., long. 16° 50' E., South West Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229304#page/135/mode/1up","Bradornis infuscata namaquensis"],["27233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola infuscatus placidus","(Clancey, 1958)","Durban Museum Novitates 5 (10) p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Botswana (except far west and southwest) and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C57C397",null,null,"Kakia (= Khakhea), southern Bechuanaland Protectorate, lat. 24° 45' S., long. 23° 25' E.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 11. 5. A revision of the races of the Chat Flycatcher Bradornis infuscatus (A. Smith).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1406","Bradornis infuscatus placidus"],["27234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola infuscatus seimundi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","Ibis ser.10, vol.1, no.4 p.636",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central South Africa (Northern Cape to southwestern Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B57BBD77",null,null,"Deelfontein, Cape Colony.","On a Collection of Birds from Southern Abyssinia, presented to the British Museum by Mr. W. N. McMillan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85342#page/738/mode/1up","Bradyornis infuscatus seimundi"],["27235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola infuscatus infuscatus","(Smith, 1839)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.28,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Namibia and western South Africa (southward to Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD7F911C",null,null,"between the Olifants and Orange Rivers, South Africa; restricted to Booisberg, near Nuwerus, western Cape Province, by Winterbottom, 1958, Ostrich, 29, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/121/mode/1up","Saxicola infuscata"],["27236","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus","(Müller, 1851)","Naumannia 1 Heft4 p.28","Pale Flycatcher","Pale Flycatcher","Pale Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland and foothill wooded savanna, miombo and mopane woodland, farmbush, and open secondary habitats, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somali, and southward to western Angola, northeastern Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, and eastern South Africa; some local movement with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709035","palfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palfly2","avibase-FA03A965",null,null,"Abyssinia and Kordofan, Sudan; restricted to Kordofan by Rothschild, 1913, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 33, p. 65.","Diagnosen der in dem ersten Bande der Beiträge zur Ornithologie Africa's von John Wilhelm von Müller enthaltenen neuen Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19690#page/342/mode/1up","Musicapa pallida"],["27237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus pallidus","(Müller, 1851)","Naumannia 1 Heft4 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to South Sudan and western Ethiopia; also northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, possibly this subspecies (or parvus?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A847CA70",null,null,"Abyssinia and Kordofan, Sudan; restricted to Kordofan by Rothschild, 1913, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 33, p. 65.","Diagnosen der in dem ersten Bande der Beiträge zur Ornithologie Africa's von John Wilhelm von Müller enthaltenen neuen Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19690#page/342/mode/1up","Musicapa pallida"],["27238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus parvus","(Reichenow, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, and northwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-978D56AF",null,null,"Acholi, northern Uganda.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/189/mode/1up","Bradornis parvus"],["27239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus bowdleri","(Collin & Hartert, 1927)","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-197F40AE",null,null,"Abyssinia [=Ethiopia].","Nomina mutanda","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/72/mode/1up","Bradornis pallida bowdleri"],["27240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus bafirawari","(Bannerman, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia and northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAC5AD6C",null,null,"Wajir, Jubaland (now Kenya); altitude 3,000 feet.","Description of a new species of Bradornis - B. bafirawari, from Juba Land Province.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/69/mode/1up","Bradornis bafirawari"],["27241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus duyerali","(Traylor, 1970)","Ibis vol.112, no.4 p.527",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Ethiopia (Duyer Ali) to central Somalia (El Bur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3298281C",null,null,"Duyer Ali, northeastern Abyssinia, lat. 7° 30' N., long. 46° 50' E.; altitude 1,600 feet.","East African Bradornis.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1970.tb00822.x","Bradornis pallidus duyerali"],["27242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus subalaris","(Sharpe, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.713-714, pl. LVIII, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-171DB08A",null,null,"Mombasa, Kenya.","On a Collection of Birds from Mombas in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/857/mode/1up","Bradyornis subalaris"],["27243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus erlangeri","(Reichenow, 1905)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.830",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia (Bardera and Serenli to Hanole)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-257F2EC0",null,null,"Somaliland. Type from Hanole, fide Hilgert, 1908, Kat. Coll. Erlanger, p. 251.",null,null,"Bradornis griseus var. erlangeri"],["27244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus modestus","(Shelley, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to southeastern Mali and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4CA2D55",null,null,"Abokobi, Gold Coast = Ghana.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/162/mode/1up","Bradyornis modesta"],["27245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus murinus","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.866",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon eastward to southern South Sudan and western and southern Kenya, southward to Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-482C0DEA",null,null,"Caconda, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/888/mode/1up","Bradyornis murinus"],["27246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus griseus","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to central Tanzania, eastern Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95FF0C93",null,null,"Mgunda Mkali, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/223/mode/1up","Bradyornis grisea"],["27247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus divisus","(Lawson, 1961)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.4 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zambia, southern Malawi, and Mozambique to northeastern South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga), and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-548BD9AF",null,null,"Panda, near Inhambane, Sul do Save, southern Mozambique.","The distribution of the races of Bradornis pallidus (V. Muller) in Southern Africa with the description of a new race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/107/mode/1up","Bradornis pallidus divisus"],["27248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Agricola pallidus sibilans","(Clancey, 1966)","Ostrich 37 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique (south of Sul do Save) and northeastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4F21254",null,null,"Hluhluwe, Zululand, Natal.","The South African races of Bradornis pallidus (Müller).",null,"Bradornis pallidus sibilans"],["27249","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.536,note",null,null,null,"2025-0189","A broad <em>Fraseria </em>comprising eight species is recognized (<em>olivascens, lendu, tessmanni, caerulescens, griseigularis, plumbea, ocreata</em>, and <em>cinerascens</em>), with <em>comitatus </em>placed in the genus <em>Bradornis</em>. Species included in <em>Fraseria </em>form a monophyletic group with strong support, based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Voelker et al. 2016). However, <em>Bradornis </em>(including <em>comitatus</em>) is non-monophyletic (Voelker et al. 2016); further research required.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tephrodornis ocreatus [Strickland, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/546/mode/1up","Fraseria"],["27250","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria cinerascens","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.102","White-browed Forest Flycatcher","White-browed Forest-Flycatcher","White-browed Forest-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland riparian forest, and seasonally flooded forest, from Senegambia eastward to southern Central African Republic, and southward to Republic of the Congo, northwestern Angola, and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709108","wbffly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbffly1","avibase-EA749CEC",null,null,"Ashanti, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/176/mode/1up","Fraseria cinerascens"],["27251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria cinerascens cinerascens","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal and Gambia to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEA5CE69",null,null,"Ashanti, Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/176/mode/1up","Fraseria cinerascens"],["27252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria cinerascens ruthae","Dickerman, 1994","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 114 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Cabinda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76251DC6",null,null,"Mabali, Tumba, “B.C.” (=Zaire), on 9 November 1954 by James P. and Ruth T. Chapin","Notes on birds from Africa with descriptions of three new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123710#page/617/mode/1up","Fraseria (Melaenornis) cinerascens ruthae"],["27253","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria griseigularis","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.19","Grey-throated Tit-Flycatcher","Gray-throated Tit-Flycatcher","Grey-throated Tit-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, riparian forest edge, and plantations, from eastern Sierra Leone and Liberia eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709291","gyttif1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyttif1","avibase-F563FE97",null,null,"Kibiran, Toro, Uganda.","Description of new species from Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/443/mode/1up","Alseonax griseigularis"],["27254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria griseigularis parelii","(Traylor, 1970)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 90 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia (Mount Nimba) to Ivory Coast and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A71EAD62",null,null,"Duekoue, Ivory Coast, lat. 6° 45' N., long. 7° 21' W.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/330/mode/1up","Muscicapa griseigulare parelii"],["27255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria griseigularis griseigularis","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to northwestern Angola, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D80D6001",null,null,"Kibiran, Toro, Uganda.","Description of new species from Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/443/mode/1up","Alseonax griseigularis"],["27256","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria plumbea","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.31 p.41","Grey Tit-Flycatcher","Gray Tit-Flycatcher","Grey Tit-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland and foothill secondary and miombo woodland, gallery and riverine forest, and plantations, from Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia, and southward to northeastern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709297","grytif1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grytif1","avibase-5EA2B90C",null,null,"Casamance River, Senegal.","Ueber drei neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/521/mode/1up","Stenostira plumbea"],["27257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria plumbea plumbea","(Hartlaub, 1858)","Journal für Ornithologie 6, no.31 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to northwestern Angola, southern Ethiopia, Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D37A615",null,null,"Casamance River, Senegal.","Ueber drei neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49379#page/521/mode/1up","Stenostira plumbea"],["27258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria plumbea orientalis","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Kenya to eastern Tanzania, Mozambique, and KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-217D4A85",null,null,"Kibwezi, southern Ukamba, Kenya.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/90/mode/1up","Parisoma orientale"],["27259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria plumbea catoleuca","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola plateau to Namibia, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Botswana, Malawi, and KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7D85474",null,null,"Chamba, north end of Lake Nyasa, Tanganyika.","Zur Tierverbreitung in Afrika II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/23/mode/1up","Parisoma catoleucum"],["27260","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria ocreata","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.102","Fraser's Forest Flycatcher","African Forest-Flycatcher","African Forest-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary forest, including rainforest, and riverine woodland, from Sierra Leone eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda, and southward to Republic of Congo and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709101","afffly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afffly1","avibase-8B037156",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/114/mode/1up","Tephrodornis ocreatus"],["27261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria ocreata kelsalli","Bannerman, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest of Sierra Leone",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-223DCE24",null,null,"York Pass, Sierra Leone.","Descriptions of two new West African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/290/mode/1up","Fraseria ocreata kelsalli"],["27262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria ocreata prosphora","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1182 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E754ADEE",null,null,"Mount Coffee, Liberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/67/mode/1up","Fraseria prosphora"],["27263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria ocreata ocreata","(Strickland, 1844)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.12, no.136 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria and Cameroon to Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EA8D35A",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of some new species of Birds brought by Mr. L. Fraser from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/114/mode/1up","Tephrodornis ocreatus"],["27264","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria olivascens","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.52","Olivaceous Flycatcher","Olivaceous Flycatcher","Olivaceous Flycatcher",null,null,"patchy in lowland primary forest, including rainforest, from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward through southern Cameroon and Central African Republic to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward through Gabon to far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709244","olifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olifly1","avibase-809D08A6",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/70/mode/1up","Parisoma olivascens"],["27265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria olivascens olivascens","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana and Nigeria to Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DC1DC2E",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/70/mode/1up","Parisoma olivascens"],["27266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria olivascens nimbae","(Colston & Curry-Lindahl, 1986)","Publications of the British Museum (Natural History) no.982 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Liberia and Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F55D43D5",null,null,"[Mount Nimba, Liberia]","The Birds of Mount Nimba, Liberia.",null,"Muscicapa olivascens nimbae"],["27267","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria lendu","(Chapin, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.11","Chapin's Flycatcher","Chapin's Flycatcher","Chapin's Flycatcher","2025-0188","Taxon <em>itombwensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Fraseria lendu</em> following Ripley &amp; Bond (1971).","patchy in dense montane forest from northeastern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda and western Kenya",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709249","chafly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chafly1","avibase-84E4178E",null,null,"Djugu, Lendu Plateau, eastern Ituri district, Belgian Congo; altitude 5,500 feet.","Fourteen new birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Alseonax lendu"],["27268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria lendu lendu","(Chapin, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Uganda and western Kenya (Kakamega Forest)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A82387F1",null,null,"Djugu, Lendu Plateau, eastern Ituri district, Belgian Congo; altitude 5,500 feet.","Fourteen new birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Alseonax lendu"],["27269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria lendu itombwensis","(Prigogine, 1957)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 55 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-765465BA",null,null,"Ibachilo, lat. 3° 45' S., long. 28° 28' E., Itombwe Mountains, northwest of Lake Tanganyika; altitude 1,750 meters.","La redécouverte de Muscicapa lendu (Chapin).",null,"Muscicapa lendu itombwensis"],["27270","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria tessmanni","(Reichenow, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.147","Tessmann's Flycatcher","Tessmann's Flycatcher","Tessmann's Flycatcher",null,null,"local and patchy in lowland forest clearings and edge, secondary forest, and abandoned tree plantations, from Sierra Leone eastward through Ivory Coast, Ghana, and southern Cameroon to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to mainland Equatorial Guinea and Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709276","tesfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tesfly1","avibase-6A0D9212",null,null,"Alen, Río Benito, Spanish Guinea = Equatorial Guinea.","Neue Arten aus dem Fan-Gebiet (südlich Kamerun) in Westafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/165/mode/1up","Pedilorhynchus tessmanni"],["27271","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria caerulescens","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.3 p.267","Ashy Flycatcher","Ashy Flycatcher","Ashy Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edges, riverine and miombo woodland, farmbush, thornscrub, and plantations, from southeastern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan and southern Somalia, southward to Angola, northeastern Namibia and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709286","ashfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashfly1","avibase-3B3A6911",null,null,"Natal.","A Seventh additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/299/mode/1up","Butalis caerulescens"],["27272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria caerulescens nigrorum","(Collin & Hartert, 1927)","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Guinea to Sierra Leone, Ghana, and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1C2E0C3",null,null,"Fantee [=Fanti], Gold Coast","Nomina mutanda","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/72/mode/1up","Alseonax cinereus nigrorum"],["27273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria caerulescens brevicauda","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and far western Kenya, southward to northwestern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85B8CD32",null,null,"upper Congo; altitude 2,000 feet. Type from Ponthierville (= Ubundu), fide Bates, 1926, Ibis, p. 584.","Exhibition of six new species of African birds from the collection made by Mr. Douglas Carruthers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/531/mode/1up","Muscicapa brevicauda"],["27274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria caerulescens cinereola","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.302, pl. 4, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to eastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1C4EB28",null,null,"Usaramo, inner East Africa = Dar es Salaam district, Tanganyika.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/324/mode/1up","Muscicapa cinereola"],["27275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria caerulescens impavida","(Clancey, 1957)","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Angola, Namibia, western Tanzania, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA9A547B",null,null,"Zambezi River, 14 miles west of Victoria Falls, western Southern Rhodesia.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 8. The South African races of the Ashy Flycatcher Muscicapa cinerea (Cassin).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1667","Muscicapa cinerea impavida"],["27276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria caerulescens vulturna","(Clancey, 1957)","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi to southeastern Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga), and northern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E92D42D",null,null,"Farm Malamala, Newington district, eastern Transvaal lowveld; altitude 900 feet.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 8. The South African races of the Ashy Flycatcher Muscicapa cinerea (Cassin).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1667","Muscicapa cinerea vulturna"],["27277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Fraseria caerulescens caerulescens","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.3 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique, southern Eswatini, and eastern South Africa (northern KwaZulu-Natal to central Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF8D16E2",null,null,"Natal.","A Seventh additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/299/mode/1up","Butalis caerulescens"],["27278","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Namibornis","Bradfield, 1935","Description of new races of Kalahari birds and mammals p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bradornis herero [Meyer de Schauensee, 1931]",null,null,"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol53/iss1/12/","Namibornis"],["27279","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Namibornis herero","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1931)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.449","Herero Chat","Herero Chat","Herero Chat",null,null,"foothill sparsely-vegetated rocky hills, inselbergs, and escarpments with sparse acacia, in southwestern Angola and northwestern and west-central Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709974","hercha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hercha1","avibase-D17B7DA0",null,null,"Karibib, Damaraland, South West Africa.","A new species of Flycatcher from Damaraland.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064112","Bradornis herero"],["27280","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Empidornis","Reichenow, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.2 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa semipartita [Rüppell, 1840]; type by original designation",null,"Bericht über die Märzsitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/295/mode/1up","Empidornis"],["27281","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Empidornis semipartitus","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.107 pl.40 fig.1","Silverbird","Silverbird","Silverbird","2025-0166","Previously combined with <em>Melaenornis</em>, taxon <em>semipartitus </em>is placed in <em>Empidornis</em>, and taxon <em>silens </em>is placed in <em>Sigelus</em>, based on deep genetic divergences (Voelker et al. 2016) and pronounced biological differences.","lowland to foothill acacia grassland, and semiarid savanna, from southern Sudan and western Ethiopia southward to north-central Tanzania; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709031","silver1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/silver1","avibase-AB38EDFD",null,null,"Gondar, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/187/mode/1up","Muscicapa semipartita"],["27282","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sigelus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius silens [Shaw, 1809]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/84/mode/1up","Sigelus"],["27283","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sigelus silens","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.330","Fiscal Flycatcher","Fiscal Flycatcher","Fiscal Flycatcher","2025-0166","Previously combined with <em>Melaenornis</em>, taxon <em>semipartitus </em>is placed in <em>Empidornis</em>, and taxon <em>silens </em>is placed in <em>Sigelus</em>, based on deep genetic divergences (Voelker et al. 2016) and pronounced biological differences.","lowland to foothill open country with scattered trees, acacia savanna, semiarid thornscrub, and tree-lined watercourses in farmland, from eastern Botswana and southern Mozambique southward to eastern and southern South Africa; substantial post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709113","fisfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fisfly1","avibase-FD391374",null,null,"forests of Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/454/mode/1up","Lanius silens"],["27284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sigelus silens lawsoni","(Clancey, 1966)","Durban Museum Novitates 7 (12) p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Botswana and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04894902",null,null,"Kuruman, northern Cape Province.","A catalogue of birds of the South African sub-region (Part IV: Families Sylviidae - Prionopidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1729","Melaenornis silens lawsoni"],["27285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sigelus silens silens","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 7, pt2 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern South Africa, Eswatini, and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFA4E6A1",null,null,"forests of Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175627#page/454/mode/1up","Lanius silens"],["27286","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melasoma edolioides [Swainson, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/48/mode/1up","Melaenornis"],["27287","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis annamarulae","Forbes-Watson, 1970","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 90 p.146","Nimba Flycatcher","Nimba Flycatcher","Nimba Flycatcher",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland and foothill forest from southeastern Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to western Ivory Coast, and disjunctly in Atewa Range (south-central Ghana)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709095","nimfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nimfly1","avibase-A920880B",null,null,"Grassfield, Mt. Nimba, Liberia, lat. 7° 30' N., long. 8° 35' W.; altitude ca. 550 meters.","A new species of Melaenornis (Muscicapinae) from Liberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/408/mode/1up","Melaenornis annamarulae"],["27288","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis fischeri","(Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.53","White-eyed Slaty Flycatcher","White-eyed Slaty-Flycatcher","White-eyed Slaty-flycatcher",null,null,"montane forest, open woodland, and gardens, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southeastern South Sudan, northern Uganda, and central Kenya southward to northeastern Zambia, southern Tanzania, and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709067","wheslf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wheslf1","avibase-3809131C",null,null,"Mt. Meru, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/65/mode/1up","Dioptrornis Fischeri"],["27289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis fischeri toruensis","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu southward to Itombwe) to Rwanda and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5391A281",null,null,"Fort Gerry (= Fort Portal), Toru (= Toro), Uganda.","Another small contribution to African ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/51/mode/1up","Muscicapa toruensis"],["27290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis fischeri semicinctus","(Hartert, 1916)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (west of Lake Albert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3423AAF",null,null,"Kabakaba, eastern Congo Free State.","Exhibition and descriptions of two new subspecies of birds from E. Congo Free State.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/328/mode/1up","Dioptrornis semicinctus"],["27291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis fischeri nyikensis","(Shelley, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Highlands), Malawi, far northeastern Zambia (western Nyika Plateau), and eastern and and southern Tanzania.",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08272E1F",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, Nyasaland; altitude 6,000-7,000 feet.","[Description of four new species of birds from Nyasa Land].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/555/mode/1up","Muscicapa nyikensis"],["27292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis fischeri fischeri","(Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D16F6104",null,null,"Mt. Meru, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/65/mode/1up","Dioptrornis Fischeri"],["27293","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis chocolatinus","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.107","Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher","Abyssinian Slaty-Flycatcher","Abyssinian Slaty-flycatcher",null,null,"foothill and montane open forest, juniper woodland, and coffee plantations, from central Eritrea southward to western and central Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709061","abyslf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abyslf1","avibase-373E54E6",null,null,"Simen (= Semien), Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/187/mode/1up","Muscicapa chocolatina"],["27294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis chocolatinus chocolatinus","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"high plateau of southern Eritrea to western and central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A94C2A4",null,null,"Simen (= Semien), Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/187/mode/1up","Muscicapa chocolatina"],["27295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis chocolatinus reichenowi","(Neumann, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Ethiopia (Wallegha to Gimirra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1652F44",null,null,"Budda, Gimirra, southern Abyssinia.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Süd-Äthiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/30/mode/1up","Muscicapa reichenowi"],["27296","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis brunneus","(Cabanis, 1886)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.92","Angola Slaty Flycatcher","Angola Slaty-Flycatcher","Angola Slaty-flycatcher",null,null,"patchy in montane forest, wooded rocky ridges, and coffee plantations, in western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709073","angslf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/angslf1","avibase-167C67BA",null,null,"Angola = Pungo Andongo, Malanje, Angola.","Bericht über die Mai-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/104/mode/1up","Dioptrornis brunnea"],["27297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis brunneus brunneus","(Cabanis, 1886)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"northern end of western escarpment of Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF2EB819",null,null,"Angola = Pungo Andongo, Malanje, Angola.","Bericht über die Mai-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/104/mode/1up","Dioptrornis brunnea"],["27298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis brunneus bailunduensis","(Neumann, 1929)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola (Mount Moco and central highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B86A1C6D",null,null,"Chipepe, Bailunduland, Cuanza Sul, Angola.","Neue Formen vom Bailundu-Land, Benguella.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0176-0178.pdf#page=2","Dioptrornis brunneus bailunduensis"],["27299","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis ardesiacus","Berlioz, 1936","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ser.2, vol.8, no.4 p.329","Yellow-eyed Black Flycatcher","Yellow-eyed Black-Flycatcher","Yellow-eyed Black-flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane primary and secondary forest edge in Albertine Rift highlands from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709090","yebfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfly2","avibase-C25A248F",null,null,"Mbwahi, Kivu, Belgian Congo; altitude about 2,000 meters.","Étude d'une Collection d'Oiseaux du Congo Belge.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/216333#page/345/mode/1up","Meloenornis ardesiaca"],["27300","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis pammelaina","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lix","Southern Black Flycatcher","Southern Black-Flycatcher","Southern Black-flycatcher",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane open woodland, miombo and mopane woodland, thornveld, and coastal dune-forest, from southeastern Republic of Congo and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastward to southern Uganda, central Kenya, and southern Somali, southward to Angola, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, and thence southward to eastern South Africa; some southern populations migratatory",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709085","sobfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sobfly1","avibase-8A9A7AAA",null,null,"no locality; probably from Mozambique, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 410; restricted to Mozambique town by Lawson, 1964, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 142.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/659/mode/1up","Sylvia pammelaina"],["27301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis pammelaina pammelaina","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lix",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Kenya and southward to central Angola and southeastern South Africa.",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09C03488",null,null,"no locality; probably from Mozambique, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 410; restricted to Mozambique town by Lawson, 1964, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 142.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/659/mode/1up","Sylvia pammelaina"],["27302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis pammelaina diabolicus","(Sharpe, 1877)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia and northwestern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63EEEB98",null,null,"Elephant Vley, Ovamboland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/332/mode/1up","Bradyornis diabolicus"],["27303","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis edolioides","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.257, pl.29","Northern Black Flycatcher","Northern Black-Flycatcher","Northern Black-flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded savanna, gallery forest, and farmbush, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to western Eritrea and western Ethiopia, southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania; some seasonal movement with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709079","nobfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nobfly1","avibase-F188F8C8",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/317/mode/1up","Melasoma edolioides"],["27304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis edolioides edolioides","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.257, pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of Senegambia to Mali, Sierra Leone, and Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06DE49A1",null,null,"Senegal.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/317/mode/1up","Melasoma edolioides"],["27305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis edolioides lugubris","(Müller, 1851)","Naumannia 1, heft 4 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon to western Ethiopia, northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B9EB0E9",null,null,"Abyssinia. Type from Kolla, fide J. W. von Müller, 1853, Beitr. Ornith. Afrikas, pl. 2.","Diagnosen der in dem ersten Bande der Beiträge zur Ornithologie Africa's von John Wilhelm von Müller enthaltenen neuen Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19690#page/342/mode/1up","Muscicapa lugubris"],["27306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Melaenornis edolioides schistaceus","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and eastern Ethiopia to northern Kenya (Moyale)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BC0386A",null,null,"Daro Mountains, western Somaliland ( = Ethiopia); altitude 8,000 feet.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/583/mode/1up","Melaenornis schistacea"],["27307","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myopornis","Reichenow, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.2 p.285.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bradyornis boehmi [Reichenow]; type by original designation",null,"Bericht über die Märzsitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/295/mode/1up","Myopornis"],["27308","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myopornis boehmi","(Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.253","Böhm's Flycatcher","Böhm's Flycatcher","Böhm's Flycatcher","2025-0157","Taxa <em>fuliginosus </em>and <em>ussheri </em>are placed in <em>Artomyias</em>, and taxon <em>boehmi </em>is placed in <em>Myopornis </em>based on genetics. Sometimes placed in <em>Bradornis </em>or <em>Muscicapa</em>, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Voelker et al. 2016) show these three species to be deeply diverged from both genera. As support for monophyly of the three species is weak and ecological differences with <em>boehmi </em>pronounced, a two-genus treatment is preferred.","lowland to foothill miombo woodland from central Angola eastward to west-central Tanzania, and southward to Zambia and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709234","boefly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boefly1","avibase-D5629ECA",null,null,"Kakoma, Tanganyika.","[Über Bradyornis Böhmi Rchw.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/265/mode/1up","Bradyornis Böhmi"],["27309","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Artomyias","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.13 p.103",null,null,null,"2026-106","Artomyias is considered feminine because -myias is a Greek noun with modified ending of common gender (ICZN articles 30.1.3, 30.1.4.2), and because the type species of Artomyias (<em>A. fuliginosa</em>) was rendered with a feminine adjectival ending in the original description (Verreaux &amp; Verreaux 1855).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Artomyias fuliginosa [J. and E. Verreaux]; type by monotypy",null,"Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/115/mode/1up","Artomyias"],["27310","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Artomyias ussheri","Sharpe, 1871","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.4 p.416","Ussher's Flycatcher","Ussher's Flycatcher","Ussher's Flycatcher","2025-0157","Taxa <em>fuliginosus </em>and <em>ussheri </em>are placed in <em>Artomyias</em>, and taxon <em>boehmi </em>is placed in <em>Myopornis </em>based on genetics. Sometimes placed in <em>Bradornis </em>or <em>Muscicapa</em>, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Voelker et al. 2016) show these three species to be deeply diverged from both genera. As support for monophyly of the three species is weak and ecological differences with <em>boehmi </em>pronounced, a two-genus treatment is preferred.","lowland forest clearings and edge, riverine woodland, gallery forest in savanna, and tall mangroves, from western and southern Guinea eastward to southern Ghana",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709226","ussfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ussfly1","avibase-79993B33",null,null,"Abrobonko, Fantee (= Fanti), Gold Coast.","On Seven new or lately described Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/460/mode/1up","Artomyias ussheri"],["27311","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Artomyias fuliginosa","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.104","Sooty Flycatcher","Sooty Flycatcher","Sooty Flycatcher","2025-0157","Taxa <em>fuliginosus </em>and <em>ussheri </em>are placed in <em>Artomyias</em>, and taxon <em>boehmi </em>is placed in <em>Myopornis </em>based on genetics. Sometimes placed in <em>Bradornis </em>or <em>Muscicapa</em>, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Voelker et al. 2016) show these three species to be deeply diverged from both genera. As support for monophyly of the three species is weak and ecological differences with <em>boehmi </em>pronounced, a two-genus treatment is preferred.","lowland and foothill forest clearings, including rainforest, riparian woodland, and plantations, from southern Nigeria eastward to southern South Sudan, western Uganda, and (rarely) northern Tanzania, and southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709230","soofly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soofly1","avibase-AD9EBAC2",null,null,"Gabon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/116/mode/1up","Artomyias fuliginosa"],["27312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Artomyias fuliginosa fuliginosa","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.14 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to northwestern Angola, Central African Republic, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-856DB138",null,null,"Gabon.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Gabon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/116/mode/1up","Artomyias fuliginosa"],["27313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Artomyias fuliginosa minuscula","Grote, 1922","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.7 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, northwestern Zambia, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-158D59D5",null,null,"Beni, Semliki valley, Belgian Congo.","Eine neue mittelafrikanische Fliegenschnäpperform.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/70/mode/1up","Artomyias fuliginosa minuscula"],["27314","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis","Smith, 1847","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.26 pl.113,text",null,null,null,"2025-0189, 2025-0190","2025-0189)) A broad <em>Fraseria </em>comprising eight species is recognized (<em>olivascens, lendu, tessmanni, caerulescens, griseigularis, plumbea, ocreata</em>, and <em>cinerascens</em>) with <em>comitatus </em>placed in the genus <em>Bradornis</em>. Species included in <em>Fraseria </em>form a monophyletic group with strong support based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Voelker et al. 2016). However, <em>Bradornis </em>(including <em>comitatus</em>) is non-monophyletic (Voelker et al. 2016); further research required. 2025-0190)) Taxa <em>pallidus </em>and <em>infuscatus </em>are placed in the genus <em>Agricola</em>, while taxa <em>mariquensis </em>and <em>microrhynchus </em>are placed in <em>Bradornis </em>based on Voelker et al. (2016). Despite morphological and behavioral similarities, these clades were not recovered as monophyletic based on analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Voelker et al. 2016); further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bradornis mariquensis [Smith, A, 1847]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/493/mode/1up","Bradornis"],["27315","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis comitatus","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.35","Dusky-blue Flycatcher","Dusky-blue Flycatcher","Dusky-blue Flycatcher","2025-0189","A broad <em>Fraseria </em>comprising eight species is recognized (<em>olivascens, lendu, tessmanni, caerulescens, griseigularis, plumbea, ocreata</em>, and <em>cinerascens</em>), with <em>comitatus </em>placed in the genus <em>Bradornis</em>. Species included in <em>Fraseria </em>form a monophyletic group with strong support, based on a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Voelker et al. 2016). However, <em>Bradornis </em>(including <em>comitatus</em>) is non-monophyletic (Voelker et al. 2016); further research required.","lowland to montane forest clearings and edges, riverine bush, and plantations, from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward through Cameroon to southwestern South Sudan and central Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709271","dubfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dubfly2","avibase-F21A8321",null,null,"Muni River, Western Africa = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/49/mode/1up","Butalis comitatus"],["27316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis comitatus aximensis","(Sclater, 1924)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3D2B1F3",null,null,"Axim, Gold Coast.","Observations on the genus Pedilorhynchus, with description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/73/mode/1up","Pedilorhynchus comitatus aximensis"],["27317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis comitatus camerunensis","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.183,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA194E44",null,null,"Buea, Mt. Cameroon.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/197/mode/1up","Pedilorhynchus stuhlmanni camerunensis"],["27318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis comitatus comitatus","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon southward to northwestern Angola, and eastward to southern Central African Republic, northern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, far southwestern South Sudan, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08999559",null,null,"Muni River, Western Africa = Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/49/mode/1up","Butalis comitatus"],["27319","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis mariquensis","Smith, 1847","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.26 pl.113,text","Marico Flycatcher","Marico Flycatcher","Marico Flycatcher","2025-0190","Taxa <em>pallidus </em>and <em>infuscatus </em>are placed in the genus <em>Agricola</em>, while taxa <em>mariquensis </em>and <em>microrhynchus </em>are placed in <em>Bradornis </em>based on Voelker et al. (2016). Despite morphological and behavioral similarities these clades were not recovered as monophyletic based on analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Voelker et al. 2016); further research needed.","lowland to foothill acacia woodland, thornscrub, and brushy savanna, from southern Angola, southern Zambia, and Zimbabwe southward to northern South Africa, and adjacent southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709044","marfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marfly1","avibase-561780A5",null,null,"South Africa; restricted to Marico River, Transvaal, by Lawson, 1963, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 83, p. 147.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/493/mode/1up","Bradornis Mariquensis"],["27320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis mariquensis acaciae","Irwin, 1957","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.7 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and Namibia to southwestern Botswana and northwestern South Africa (Northern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5159FEC",null,null,"Ohopoho, Kaoko Veld, South West Africa.","A New Race of Marico Flycatcher Bradornis mariquensis from South-West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/160/mode/1up","Bradornis mariquensis acaciae"],["27321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis mariquensis mariquensis","Smith, 1847","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.26 pl.113,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Zambia, Botswana (except southwest), western Zimbabwe, and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B843E5F1",null,null,"South Africa; restricted to Marico River, Transvaal, by Lawson, 1963, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 83, p. 147.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/493/mode/1up","Bradornis Mariquensis"],["27322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis mariquensis territinctus","(Clancey, 1979)","Durban Museum Novitates 12, no.5 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Namibia and northwestern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDA2A0E6",null,null,"Rundu (= Nkarapamwe), Okavango River, northeastern South West Africa (Namibia).","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 55. A third race of Melaenornis mariquensis (Smith).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2269","Melaenornis mariquensis territinctus"],["27323","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis microrhynchus","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.62","African Grey Flycatcher","African Gray Flycatcher","African Grey Flycatcher","2025-0190","Taxa <em>pallidus </em>and <em>infuscatus </em>are placed in the genus <em>Agricola</em>, while taxa <em>mariquensis </em>and <em>microrhynchus </em>are placed in <em>Bradornis </em>based on Voelker et al. (2016). Despite morphological and behavioral similarities these clades were not recovered as monophyletic based on analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Voelker et al. 2016); further research needed.","dry bush in lowlands and hills from northwestern Ethiopia eastward through Somalia and southward through eastern Uganda to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709054","afgfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afgfly1","avibase-E281D783",null,null,"Irangi (= Kondoa Irangi) district, Tanganyika.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/74/mode/1up","Bradyornis microrhyncha"],["27324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis microrhynchus microrhynchus","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya to central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1211D1C2",null,null,"Irangi (= Kondoa Irangi) district, Tanganyika.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/74/mode/1up","Bradyornis microrhyncha"],["27325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis microrhynchus neumanni","Hilgert, 1908","Katalog der Collection von Erlanger in Nieder-Ingelheim a. Rh. p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, central and southern Somalia, northern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB4F4256",null,null,"Are-Dare, confluence of the Mane and Ganale-Dorya Rivers, southern Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31758#page/264/mode/1up","Bradornis griseus neumanni"],["27326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis microrhynchus burae","Traylor, 1970","Ibis vol.112, no.4 p.522",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kenya to southeastern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D831FA8",null,null,"Bura, Tana River, Kenya; altitude 600 feet.","East African Bradornis.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1970.tb00822.x","Bradornis microrhynchus burae"],["27327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis microrhynchus taruensis","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B4CC37C",null,null,"Campi ( = Kampi) ya Bibi, Kenya.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/134/mode/1up","Bradornis taruensis"],["27328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Bradornis microrhynchus pumilus","Sharpe, 1895","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pt.3 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ethiopia to northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA6F98CC",null,null,"Hargeisa, British Somaliland.","On a Collection of Birds made by Dr. A. Donaldson-Smith during his recent Expedition in Western Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97158#page/582/mode/1up","Bradyornis pumilus"],["27329","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.32;2, p.357 pl.5 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla striata [Pallas, 1764]; type by tautonymy = Motacilla striata Pallas, 1764  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/74/mode/1up","Muscicapa"],["27330","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa griseisticta","(Swinhoe, 1861)","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.12 p.330","Grey-streaked Flycatcher","Gray-streaked Flycatcher","Grey-streaked Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to northeastern China; winters to New Guinea and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709200","gysfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gysfly1","avibase-B4FF5927",null,null,"near Takoo (= Ta-ku), northern China.","Notes on Ornithology taken between Takoo and Peking, in the neighbourhood of the Peiho River, Province of Chelee, North China, from August to December, 1860.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/374/mode/1up","Hemichelidon griseisticta"],["27331","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa ferruginea","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.32","Ferruginous Flycatcher","Ferruginous Flycatcher","Ferruginous Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Nepal to northern India, southern China, and Taiwan; winters to Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709223","ferfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ferfly1","avibase-2DA49BD5",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/246/mode/1up","H[emichelidon] ferruginea"],["27332","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa sibirica","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.936","Dark-sided Flycatcher","Dark-sided Flycatcher","Dark-sided Flycatcher",null,null,"disjunctly in submontane to montane taiga spruce forest, evergreen forest, and rhododendron scrub in secondary woodland, from eastern Kazakhstan eastward to Kamchatka, and southward to northeastern China and Japan, and from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to western Myanmar; migrates to southeastern China and Indochina to Sumatra and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709204","dasfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dasfly","avibase-BCB683C2",null,null,"'circa Lacum Baikal, & in orientali Sibiria ad Camtschatcam usque'; restricted to Lake Baykal by Stuart Baker, 1923, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 43, p. 155.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/437/mode/1up","Muscicapa sibirica"],["27333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa sibirica sibirica","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.936",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to central Japan; winters to Indochina and Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57EC6024",null,null,"'circa Lacum Baikal, & in orientali Sibiria ad Camtschatcam usque'; restricted to Lake Baykal by Stuart Baker, 1923, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 43, p. 155.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/437/mode/1up","Muscicapa sibirica"],["27334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa sibirica gulmergi","(Stuart Baker, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Himalayas (eastern Afghanistan to Kashmir and Garhwal); non-breeding range unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FF74372",null,null,"Gulmerg (= Gulmarg), Kashmir.","Description of two new races of Flycatcher, with remarks on the species of Hemichelidon sibirica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/561/mode/1up","Hemichelidon sibirica gulmergi"],["27335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa sibirica cacabata","Penard, 1919","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet and northeastern India; winters to southern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-633AB380",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42085#page/34/mode/1up","Muscicapa sibirica cacabata"],["27336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa sibirica rothschildi","(Stuart Baker, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in mountains of western China and northern Myanmar; winters in southern China, Indochina, and the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D16AA57",null,null,"Lichiang Range, northwestern Yunnan.","Description of two new races of Flycatcher, with remarks on the species of Hemichelidon sibirica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/562/mode/1up","Hemichelidon sibirica rothschildi"],["27337","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa dauurica","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.461","Asian Brown Flycatcher","Asian Brown Flycatcher",null,"2025-0155, 2025-0167","2025-0155)) Taxon <em>williamsoni </em>(polytypic, including <em>umbrosa</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Muscicapa dauurica</em> (polytypic) pending further research; a taxonomic revision of this complex is likely. 2025-0167)) Taxon <em>sodhii</em> (monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Muscicapa dauurica</em> (polytypic) based on available phenotypic, vocal, and genetic evidence (Harris et al. 2014a). Mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>sodhii</em> and <em>dauurica </em>is deep (Harris et al. 2014a; Zhao et al. 2023), but broader taxon sampling and genomic data would be informative.","disjunctly in lowland to foothill broadleaf forest, secondary woodland, and plantations, from central Siberia eastward to Sakhalin, and southward to northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (main islands), and from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to Bhutan, and patchily southward to southern India, northern Thailand, and south-central Vietnam; northern and Himalayan populations migrate to southern India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, and Greater Sundas",null,null,null,"asbfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asbfly","avibase-585D0B1A",null,null,"Onon River, Dauria, Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/493/mode/1up","Muscicapa Grisola var. Dauurica"],["27338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa dauurica dauurica","Pallas, 1811","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.461",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia and southeastern Russia (from Yenisey River eastward to Amurland and Ussuriland and Sakhalin Island), northern Mongolia, northeastern China, North Korea, the southern Kuril Islands, and Japan; winters in southern China (Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan), Taiwan (scarce), southeastern Asia (westward to western Myanmar), Philippines, and the Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-421AE353",null,null,"Onon River, Dauria, Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/493/mode/1up","Muscicapa Grisola var. Dauurica"],["27339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa dauurica poonensis","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan to Bhutan; also central and southern India; winters to Sri Lanka, and Andaman and Nicobar islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-004447C9",null,null,"Dukhun = Deccan, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/289/mode/1up","Muscicapa Poonensis"],["27340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa dauurica siamensis","(Gyldenstolpe, 1916)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (northern Tenasserim), western and northwestern Thailand, and southern Vietnam (southern Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-700867D6",null,null,"Bang Hue Pong ( = Sathani Pang Hua Phong, Lampang Province, Thailand).","Neu Vögel aus Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/41/mode/1up","Alseonax siamensis"],["27341","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa randi","Amadon & du Pont, 1970","Nemouria no.1 p.10","Ashy-breasted Flycatcher","Ashy-breasted Flycatcher","Ashy-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Negros)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709211","asbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asbfly1","avibase-71563862",null,null,"Dalton Pass, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, Philippine Islands; altitude 3,500 feet.","Notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/20/mode/1up","Muscicapa latirostris randi"],["27342","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa segregata","(Siebers, 1928)","Treubia 10, no.2-3 p.400","Sumba Brown Flycatcher","Sumba Brown Flycatcher","Sumba Brown Flycatcher",null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709214","subfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subfly2","avibase-C8814B4A",null,null,"Karoni (= Karuni), Laora, western Sumba.","Neue Vögel von Sumba.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v10i2-3.1812","Alseonax latirostris segregata"],["27343","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa muttui","(Layard, 1854)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.74 p.127","Brown-breasted Flycatcher","Brown-breasted Flycatcher","Brown-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds northeastern India to southern China and northern Vietnam; winters to Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709220","brbfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbfly2","avibase-472841E9",null,null,"Point Pedro, Ceylon.","XIII. Notes on the Ornithology of Ceylon, collected during an eight years' residence in the Island [Continued from vol. xii. p. 272.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/153/mode/1up","Butalis Muttui"],["27344","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa sodhii","Harris, Rasmussen, Yong et al., 2014","PLoS ONE 9(11) e112657","Sulawesi Streaked Flycatcher","Sulawesi Brown Flycatcher",null,"2025-0167","Taxon <em>sodhii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Muscicapa dauurica</em> (polytypic) based on available phenotypic, vocal, and genetic evidence (Harris et al. 2014a). Mitochondrial DNA divergence between <em>sodhii </em>and <em>dauurica </em>is deep (Harris et al. 2014a; Zhao et al. 2023), but broader taxon sampling and genomic data would be informative.","Sulawesi foothill forest",null,null,null,"subfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subfly3","avibase-5613E15E",null,null,"Indonesia: Sulawesi; Palolo, Baku Bakulu, 23 Jun 2012","A New Species of Muscicapa Flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia.","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112657","Muscicapa sodhii"],["27345","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa williamsoni","Deignan, 1957","Ibis vol.99, no.2 p.343","Brown-streaked Flycatcher","Brown-streaked Flycatcher",null,"2025-0155","Taxon <em>williamsoni </em>(polytypic, including <em>umbrosa</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Muscicapa dauurica</em> (polytypic) pending further research; an upcoming taxonomic revision of this complex is likely.","disjunctly in lowland to foothill broadleaf evergreen and semi-evergreen forest, from southeastern Myanmar and southern Thailand southward to northwestern peninsular Malaysia, and in northeastern Borneo; some populations migrate southward to Sumatra and Borneo",null,null,null,"bnsfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnsfly1","avibase-119680B1",null,null,"Khao Phanom Bencha, lat. 8° 15' N., long. 98° 55' E., Krabi Province, Thailand.","A new flycatcher from Southeastern Asia, with remarks on Muscicapa latirostris Raffles.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1957.tb01953.x","Muscicapa williamsoni"],["27346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa williamsoni williamsoni","Deignan, 1957","Ibis vol.99, no.2 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Myanmar to northern Malayan Peninsula; winters from Malayan Peninsula southward to Sumatra and Siberut",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B71E2FF",null,null,"Khao Phanom Bencha, lat. 8° 15' N., long. 98° 55' E., Krabi Province, Thailand.","A new flycatcher from Southeastern Asia, with remarks on Muscicapa latirostris Raffles.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1957.tb01953.x","Muscicapa williamsoni"],["27347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa williamsoni umbrosa","Wells, 1982","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102, no.4 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo (Sarawak, eastern Sabah, and southeastern Kalimantan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A53BFFA0",null,null,"Quoin Hill cocoa research station, Tawau district, Sabah, Malaysia; altitude 230 meters.","Notes on some representative of the Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa latirostris Raffles in Southeast Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/371/mode/1up","Muscicapa latirostris umbrosa"],["27348","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta","(Boie, 1828)","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.318","African Dusky Flycatcher","African Dusky Flycatcher","African Dusky Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to montane forest edges and clearings, miombo woodland, Fynbos, and plantations, from southeastern Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), eastward to southern Eritrea, western Ethiopia, and northern Kenya, and southward to western Angola and eastern and southern South Africa; partial migrant in southern populations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709255","afdfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afdfly1","avibase-6E95C4A9",null,null,"labeled 'Le Gobe Mouches Ondule' Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/167/mode/1up","Butalis adusta"],["27349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta poensis","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Cameroon; Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D656B954",null,null,"Bakaki (= Bacake) and Moka (= Moca), Fernando Po.","A new species of Flycatcher from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/497/mode/1up","Alseonax poensis"],["27350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta pumila","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.32-33",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon and northwestern Central African Republic; southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Rwanda, western Burundi, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CCA5AB1",null,null,"Bukoba, Tanganyika.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/46/mode/1up","Alseonax pumila"],["27351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta minima","Heuglin, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.301-302",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea and northeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A51DA86C",null,null,"central Abyssinia. Type from Gondar, fide Neumann, 1905, Journ. Ornith., 53, p. 207.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Januar-Heft 1862, S. 24 u. f.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/327/mode/1up","Muscicapa minima"],["27352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta subadusta","(Shelley, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.12 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7907072D",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, Nyasaland; altitude 4,000 feet.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., during his Expedition to the Nyika Plateau in North Nyasaland. With an Introduction by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/606/mode/1up","Alseonax subadusta"],["27353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta marsabit","(Van Someren, 1931)","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 9 (37) (1930) p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Kenya (Mount Marsabit region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14A78AAE",null,null,"Marsabit, Kenya.","New races of Birds from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/204477#page/313/mode/1up","Alseonax minimus marsabit"],["27354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta murina","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Kenya (Taita Hills) to northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8646F722",null,null,"Mt. Meru, Tanganyika.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/66/mode/1up","Alseonax murina"],["27355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta fuelleborni","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A77A44FF",null,null,"Rupira, north end of Lake Nyasa, Tanganyika.","Drei fernere von Hrn. Dr. Fülleborn entdeckte Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/140/mode/1up","Muscicapa fülleborni"],["27356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta mesica","Clancey, 1974","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 6 (28) p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe (except for eastern highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62F9A5EB",null,null,"Palm Block, Umvukwes, northern Mashonaland, Rhodesia, ca. lat. 16° 45' S., long. 31° 0' E.","Subspeciation studies in some Rhodesian birds.",null,"Muscicapa adusta mesica"],["27357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta fuscula","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (coastal Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal) and eastern Eswatini; partially migratory, some nonbreeders to southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DBBCEAD",null,null,"'Caffraria.' Type from Durban, Natal, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1927, Arkiv Zool, 19 A, no. 1, p. 60.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/115/mode/1up","Muscicapa fuscula"],["27358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa adusta adusta","(Boie, 1828)","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.318",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern South Africa (southern Western Cape northward and eastward, inland from the range of fuscula, to Mpumalanga and eastern Limpopo) and western Eswatini; partially migratory, some nonbreeders to southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87534428",null,null,"labeled 'Le Gobe Mouches Ondule' Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/167/mode/1up","Butalis adusta"],["27359","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa epulata","(Cassin, 1855)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.8 p.326","Little Grey Flycatcher","Little Flycatcher","Little Grey Flycatcher",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill secondary forest, isolated primary forest, and overgrown plantations, from eastern Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward through southern Cameroon and Gabon to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709261","ligfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ligfly2","avibase-79574FC3",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa = Sette Cama, Gabon.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/349/mode/1up","Butalis epulatus"],["27360","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa sethsmithi","(Van Someren, 1922)","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.1 p.96","Yellow-footed Flycatcher","Yellow-footed Flycatcher","Yellow-footed Flycatcher",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to submontane open understory and clearings in primary and old secondary forest, from southeastern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to western Central African Republic, and southward to western Republic of the Congo, and in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709266","yeffly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeffly1","avibase-E78D263C",null,null,"Budongo Forest, Uganda.","Notes on the birds of East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/112/mode/1up","Pedilorhynchus epulatus seth-smithi"],["27361","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa flavirostris","(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.221","Humblot's Flycatcher","Grande Comore Flycatcher","Humblot's Flycatcher","2026-057","Humblotia flavirostris is placed in the genus <em>Muscicapa</em> based on genetic evidence. Long treated in the monotypic genus <em>Humblotia</em>, several authors have noted morphological and ecological similarities between <em>flavirostris</em> and the <em>Muscicapa</em> flycatchers (Vaurie 1953, Benson 1960, Herremans et al. 1991). As mitochondrial DNA data (Zhao et al. 2023) shows <em>flavirostris</em> to be embedded within <em>Muscicapa</em> it is subsumed into that genus as <em>M. flavirostris</em>.","Grand Comoro Island (Mount Karthala)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709303","grcfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grcfly3","avibase-D6E30413",null,null,"Grand Comoro.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/227/mode/1up","Humblotia flavirostris"],["27362","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa striata","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.3 no.168","Spotted Flycatcher","Spotted Flycatcher",null,"2026-065","Previously treated as conspecific (AviList 2025, issue 2025-0153), <em>Muscicapa tyrrhenica</em> (polytypic, including <em>balearica</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. striata</em> based on an assessment of differences in genetics, vocalizations, morphometrics, and plumage (Viganò et al. 2019). Genome-wide DNA data (Pons et al. 2016; Baudrin 2024) indicate deep divergence between the mainly insular <em>M. tyrrhenica</em> and mainland <em>M. striata</em>, in spite of narrow parapatry or local sympatry in mainland Italy. The courtship songs of <em>M. tyrrhenica</em> also differ significantly, containing high-pitched elements not found in <em>M. striata </em>(Viganò et al. 2019). A further split of <em>balearica</em> from <em>M. tyrrhenica</em> may be warranted but requires additional research. Within <em>M. striata</em> we follow Shirihai &amp; Svensson (2018) in synonymizing <em>inexpectata</em> with <em>striata</em> and synonymizing <em>sarudnyi</em> and <em>mongola</em> with <em>neumanni</em>; further revision of subspecies limits may be warranted.","lowland to foothill open woodland, scrubby grassland, orchards, parks, and gardens; breeds Europe eastward to western Transbaikalia and northern Mongolia, and in south from northwestern Africa (northern Morocco eastward to northern Tunisia), Cyprus, and islands in Aegean Sea eastward through the Levant, Caucasus, Iran, and Turkmenistan to northern and western Pakistan; winters western, eastern, and southern Africa",null,null,null,"spofly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spofly2","avibase-B142856F",null,null,"Holland.",null,null,"Motacilla striata"],["27363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa striata striata","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.3 no.168",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe eastward across Ural Mountains to western Siberia (Irtysh River) and northern Kazakhstan, and northwestern Africa (northern Morocco eastward to northern Tunisia); winters western, eastern, and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE652E7F",null,null,"Holland.",null,null,"Motacilla striata"],["27364","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa striata neumanni","Poche, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 no.2 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to Caucasus, northern Iran and Afghanistan, southern China, and southern Asia; winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FF22F86",null,null,"Loita Mountains, northwestern Masailand, Tanganyika",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/42/mode/1up","Muscicapa grisola neumanni"],["27365","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa tyrrhenica","Schiebel, 1910","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 21 p.102","Mediterranean Flycatcher","Mediterranean Flycatcher",null,"2026-065","Previously treated as conspecific (AviList 2025, issue 2025-0153), <em>Muscicapa tyrrhenica</em> (polytypic, including <em>balearica</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. striata</em> based on an assessment of differences in genetics, vocalizations, morphometrics, and plumage (Viganò et al. 2019). Genome-wide DNA data (Pons et al. 2016; Baudrin 2024) indicate deep divergence between the mainly insular <em>M. tyrrhenica</em> and mainland <em>M. striata</em>, in spite of narrow parapatry or local sympatry in mainland Italy. The courtship songs of <em>M. tyrrhenica</em> also differ significantly, containing high-pitched elements not found in <em>M. striata </em>(Viganò et al. 2019). A further split of <em>balearica</em> from <em>M. tyrrhenica</em> may be warranted but requires additional research. Within <em>M. striata</em> we follow Shirihai &amp; Svensson (2018) in synonymizing <em>inexpectata</em> with <em>striata</em> and synonymizing <em>sarudnyi</em> and <em>mongola</em> with <em>neumanni</em>; further revision of subspecies limits may be warranted.","breeds Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Tuscan archipelago, and narrow band of Tyrrhenian coast of Peninsular Italy; winters to western and southwestern Africa",null,null,null,"spofly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spofly3","avibase-CBFA2D2B",null,null,"Corsica.","Neue Vogelformen aus Corsica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209489#page/122/mode/1up","Muscicapa striata tyrrhenica"],["27366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa tyrrhenica balearica","Jordans, 1913","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 9 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Balearic Islands; winters to western and southwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4630F4C1",null,null,"Balearics. Type from Mallorca, fide Jordans, 1914, Falco, 10, Sonderheft, p. 38.","Vorläufige kurze Beschreibung neuer Formen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/295/mode/1up","Muscicapa striata balearica"],["27367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa tyrrhenica tyrrhenica","Schiebel, 1910","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 21 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Corsica and Sardinia, Tuscan archipelago, and on the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy; winters to Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2FB64EC",null,null,"Corsica.","Neue Vogelformen aus Corsica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209489#page/122/mode/1up","Muscicapa striata tyrrhenica"],["27368","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa gambagae","(Alexander, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.11","Gambaga Flycatcher","Gambaga Flycatcher","Gambaga Flycatcher",null,null,"very patchy in foothill to submontane arid woodland, acacia and brushy savanna, and dry highland forest, from central Guinea and central Mali eastward to central Ethiopia, northern Somalia, and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward to central Cameroon, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and central Tanzania; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709196","gamfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gamfly1","avibase-7387E828",null,null,"Gambaga, Gold Coast.","On new or rare species from the Gold Coast Hinterland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/267/mode/1up","Alseonax gambagae"],["27369","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa cassini","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.42 p.428","Cassin's Flycatcher","Cassin's Flycatcher","Cassin's Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest adjacent to rivers and streams, and seasonally flooded forest, from central Guinea and adjacent Sierra Leone eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709280","casfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casfly1","avibase-A962CA14",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa = Sette Cama, Gabon.","Catalogue of Birds collected on the rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. du Chaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species by John Cassin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/438/mode/1up","Muscicapa cassini"],["27370","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa aquatica","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.256","Swamp Flycatcher","Swamp Flycatcher","Swamp Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland and foothill vegetated edges to lakes, pools, rivers, and papyrus swamps, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to South Sudan, thence southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya, to northeastern Tanzania and central Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709239","swafly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swafly3","avibase-77F0C62C",null,null,"Wau River (= Nahr Waw), Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/268/mode/1up","Muscicapa aquatica"],["27371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa aquatica aquatica","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania southward to Gambia, eastern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, southern Chad, northern Central African Republic, western South Sudan, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23DCA889",null,null,"Wau River (= Nahr Waw), Bahr al Ghazal, Sudan.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/268/mode/1up","Muscicapa aquatica"],["27372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa aquatica infulata","Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.4 p.626-627",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, western Burundi, western Kenya, northwestern Tanzania, and northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-639B4E22",null,null,"central Africa, between lat. 5° and 2° N. and long. 31° and 32° E., probably = Wadelai, Uganda, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Avium Aethiopicarum, p. 400","On some new Birds discovered and collected by Dr. Emin Bey in Central Africa, between 5° and 2° N. lat., and 31° and 32° E. long..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/776/mode/1up","Muscicapa infulata"],["27373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa aquatica lualabae","(Chapin, 1932)","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (swamps along Lualaba River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B06DF070",null,null,"Kiyuyu, Lualaba River, Belgian Congo.","Fourteen new Birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Alseonax infulatus lualabae"],["27374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Muscicapa aquatica grimwoodi","Chapin, 1952","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 72, no.2 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia (Kabwe district, Suye Lake, and Lukanga Swamp)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67E38774",null,null,"Suye Lake, lat. 14° 25' S., long. 27° 35' E., Northern Rhodesia.","A New Race of Muscicapa aquatica Heuglin, from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125675#page/44/mode/1up","Muscicapa aquatica grimwoodi"],["27375","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Leucoptilon","Sangster, Alström, Gaudin & Olsson, 2021","Zootaxa 5072(6) p.599-600",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Muscicapa concreta [Müller, S, 1836]",null,"A new genus for the White-tailed Flycatcher Cyornis concretus (Aves: Muscicapidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356759547","Leucoptilon"],["27376","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Leucoptilon concretum","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.351","White-tailed Flycatcher","White-tailed Flycatcher","White-tailed Flycatcher","2025-0934","Taxon <em>concretum </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Leucoptilon </em>based on multilocus DNA evidence that this species is not a member of <em>Cyornis </em>and forms a deeply diverged clade (Sangster et al. 2010, 2021b; Barve &amp; Mason 2014; Zhang et al. 2016; Robin et al. 2017).","patchy in lowland to montane dense forest, wooded and scrubby ravines, secondary forest, and bamboo, in northeastern India from easternmost Assam eastward to southern China and northern Vietnam, and southward to Mizoram, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709499","whtfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtfly2","avibase-63EF266B",null,null,"interior of west coast of Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351#v=onepage&f=false","Muscicapa concreta"],["27377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Leucoptilon concretum cyaneum","(Hume, 1877)","Stray Feathers 5 no.2 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern India (eastern Arunachal Pradesh, southern Assam, eastern Meghalaya, and Mizoram), northern, western, and southern Myanmar (Tenasserim), southern China (southern Yunnan), western and southern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam (Tonkin southward to central Annam, possibly to Cochinchina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A7B05A0",null,null,"no locality; lower southwestern spurs of Mooleyit ( = Mulayit), fide Davison, 1878, Stray Feathers, 6, p. 207. Type from Meetan, Muleyit (= Mulayit), northern Tenasserim, fide Robinson and Kinnear, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 255.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/117/mode/1up","Muscitrea cyanea"],["27378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Leucoptilon concretum concretum","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Malayan Peninsula and western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70BCAD84",null,null,"interior of west coast of Sumatra.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351#v=onepage&f=false","Muscicapa concreta"],["27379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Leucoptilon concretum everetti","(Sharpe, 1890)","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.7 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-842FC7D3",null,null,"Mt. Penrissen, Sarawak; altitude 4,400 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/394/mode/1up","Siphia everetti"],["27380","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sholicola","Robin, Vishnudas, Gupta et al., 2017","BMC Evolutionary Biology 2017 17:31",null,null,null,"2025-0202","The species <em>major </em>(monotypic) and <em>albiventris </em>(polytypic) are placed in <em>Sholicola </em>following Robin et al. (2017).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phoenicura major [Jerdon, 1841]",null,"Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India","https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-017-0882-6","Sholicola"],["27381","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sholicola major","(Jerdon, 1841)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.1, no.30 p.170","Nilgiri Blue Robin","Nilgiri Sholakili","Nilgiri Blue Sholakili",null,null,"Peninsular India (Nilgiri Hills of Karnataka and western Tamil Nadu)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735416","whbsho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho1","avibase-26F04AA3",null,null,"Nilgiris.","Supplement to the Catalogue of Birds of the Peninsula of India. (From No. 29, page 227.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/216/mode/1up","Phoenicura major"],["27382","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sholicola albiventris","(Blanford, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.833, pl. XXXIX","White-bellied Blue Robin","White-bellied Sholakili","White-bellied Sholakili",null,null,"southern Western Ghats (south of the Palghat Gap) in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and southernmost Western Ghats (Ashambu Hills), southern India",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735423","whbsho3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho3","avibase-76F3C885",null,null,"Palni Hills.","On a New Species of Callene from the Pulney Hills in Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/255/mode/1up","Callene albiventris"],["27383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sholicola albiventris albiventris","(Blanford, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.833, pl. XXXIX",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Western Ghats (south of the Palghat Gap) in Anamalai, Palani, and Meghamalai hills in eastern Kerala and western Tamil Nadu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-543FC7C9",null,null,"Palni Hills.","On a New Species of Callene from the Pulney Hills in Southern India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/255/mode/1up","Callene albiventris"],["27384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sholicola albiventris ashambuensis","Robin, Vishnudas, Gupta et al., 2017","BMC Evolutionary Biology 2017 17:31",null,null,null,null,null,"southernmost Western Ghats (Ashambu Hills), southern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B9AA247",null,null,"Chemunji Hills, Travencure (Travancore) [= Chemunji hills, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, following Praveen 2025.]","Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India","https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-017-0882-6","Sholicola ashambuensis"],["27385","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.650",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Niltava sundara [Hodgson, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Niltava"],["27386","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava macgrigoriae","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.152","Small Niltava","Small Niltava","Small Niltava",null,null,"foothill to montane humid broadleaf evergreen forest from northwestern India from Himachal Pradesh eastward through Himalayas to southern China, and southward in hills south of the Brahmaputra, western Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and central Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709467","smanil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smanil1","avibase-AE0A8E40",null,null,"'apud Montes Himalayenses'; restricted to western Himalayas by Rand and Fleming, 1957, Fieldiana, Zool., 41, p. 178.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/330/mode/1up","Phoenicura MacGrigoriae"],["27387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava macgrigoriae macgrigoriae","(Burton, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.34 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to southern China and northeastern India (Darjeeling)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC6F8001",null,null,"'apud Montes Himalayenses'; restricted to western Himalayas by Rand and Fleming, 1957, Fieldiana, Zool., 41, p. 178.","Characters of several Birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/330/mode/1up","Phoenicura MacGrigoriae"],["27388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava macgrigoriae signata","(McClelland, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to Bhutan, northern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E03899BD",null,null,"Assam.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/692/mode/1up","Leiothrix signata"],["27389","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava grandis","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.189","Large Niltava","Large Niltava","Large Niltava",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane mature broadleaf forest, and large wooded gardens, from west-central Nepal eastward to southern China, and southward through Indochina to peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709464","larnil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larnil1","avibase-75234D1E",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/223/mode/1up","Chaïtaris grandis"],["27390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava grandis grandis","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Nepal to northern Myanmar, southern China, and northern Indochina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2816F90",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/223/mode/1up","Chaïtaris grandis"],["27391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava grandis griseiventris","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF2CBF40",null,null,"Loukouchai, southeastern Yunnan; altitude, 3,500 feet.","Descriptions of new species and subspecies from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/236/mode/1up","Niltava grandis griseiventris"],["27392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava grandis decorata","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.444-445",null,null,null,null,null,"Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B219C6A",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam; altitude 6,500 feet.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/534/mode/1up","Niltava grandis decorata"],["27393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava grandis decipiens","Salvadori, 1892","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.32 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E699F755",null,null,"Si Rambe, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95179#page/55/mode/1up","Niltava decipiens"],["27394","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava vivida","(Swinhoe, 1864)","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.363","Taiwan Vivid Niltava","Taiwan Vivid Niltava","Small Vivid Niltava","2025-0159","Taxon <em>oatesi </em>is split from <em>Niltava vivida</em> based on its larger size and differences in vocalizations; although differences in song are modest they are clearly separable (Per Alström, unpubl. data). Genetic data for <em>oatesi </em>are lacking but would be informative.","Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103756772","vivnil3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vivnil3","avibase-7D6DCAC3",null,null,"mountains of Formosa.","Descriptions of four new Species of Formosan Birds ; with further Notes on the Ornithology of the Island'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/405/mode/1up","Cyornis vivida"],["27395","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava sumatrana","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.201","Rufous-vented Niltava","Rufous-vented Niltava","Rufous-vented Niltava",null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709476","ruvnil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvnil1","avibase-72E5DD5A",null,null,"M[onte]. Singalan (= Singgalang), Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/207/mode/1up","Niltava sumatrana"],["27396","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava sundara","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.650","Rufous-bellied Niltava","Rufous-bellied Niltava","Rufous-bellied Niltava",null,null,"foothill to montane understory of broadleaf evergreen forest, and secondary forest, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to western and eastern Myanmar, and possibly northern Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter and short-distant migrant to northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709473","rubnil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubnil1","avibase-7FBCFF87",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of a new genus of Insessores, tending to connect the Sylviadae and Muscicapidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/690/mode/1up","Niltava Sundara"],["27397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava sundara whistleri","Ticehurst, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas from Pakistan to northern India (Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A791A0C",null,null,"Murree.","Descriptions of new races of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/151/mode/1up","Niltava sundara whistleri"],["27398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava sundara sundara","Hodgson, 1837","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.650",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet, southern China (northern Yunnan), and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FFC7D65",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of a new genus of Insessores, tending to connect the Sylviadae and Muscicapidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/690/mode/1up","Niltava Sundara"],["27399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava sundara denotata","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China to northern Myanmar; winters to northern Thailand and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D888849",null,null,"Mengtsze (= Meng-tzu), southeastern Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/382/mode/1up","Niltava sundara denotata"],["27400","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava oatesi","Salvadori, 1887","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.25 p.514","Chinese Vivid Niltava","Chinese Vivid Niltava","Large Vivid Niltava","2025-0159","Taxon <em>oatesi </em>is split from <em>Niltava vivida</em> based on its larger size and differences in vocalizations; although differences in song are modest they are clearly separable (Per Alström, unpubl. data). Genetic data for <em>oatesi </em>are lacking but would be informative.","southeastern Tibet to southwestern China, northeastern India, Myanmar, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103757396","vivnil2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vivnil2","avibase-ACBC2BB0",null,null,"'in Montibus Mooleyit' = Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenasserim Division, Burma, fide Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus, no. 226, p. 188.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94500#page/520/mode/1up","Niltava Oatesi"],["27401","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Niltava davidi","La Touche, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.18","Fujian Niltava","Fujian Niltava","Fujian Niltava",null,null,"breeds central and southern China; winters to southeastern Thailand and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709470","fujnil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fujnil1","avibase-CD06F87E",null,null,"northwestern Fohkien (= Fukien), China = Kuatun, fide La Touche, 1925, Handb. Birds Eastern China, 1, p. 171.","Description of a new Flycatcher from Foh-kien, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/44/mode/1up","Niltava davidi"],["27402","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyanoptila","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa cyanomelana [Temminck, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/156/mode/1up","Cyanoptila"],["27403","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyanoptila cumatilis","Thayer & Bangs, 1909","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 52, no.8 p.141","Zappey's Flycatcher","Zappey's Flycatcher","Zappey's Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds central China (Shaanxi eastward to Beijing, and southward to northwestern Hubei); winter range very poorly known, but recorded southward to the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103758091","zapfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zapfly1","avibase-BC81D33B",null,null,"Ma-fu-ling, Hupeh, China.","Descriptions of new birds from central China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25494#page/229/mode/1up","Cyanoptila cumatilis"],["27404","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyanoptila cyanomelana","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.79, vol.3 pl.470","Blue-and-white Flycatcher","Blue-and-white Flycatcher","Blue-and-white Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds northeastern China (Heilongjiang southward to eastern Hebei), southeastern Russia (Amurskaya Oblast and Primorskiy Kray), the Korean peninsula, the southern Kuril Islands, and Japan; winters southward to Myanmar, Thailand, and the Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103758039","bawfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawfly2","avibase-B7679B3F",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/233/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanomelana"],["27405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyanoptila cyanomelana intermedia","(Weigold, 1922)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 15, no.3 p.30-31",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in northeastern China (Heilongjiang southward to eastern Hebei), southeastern Russia (Amurskaya Oblast and Primorskiy Kray), and the Korean peninsula; winter range of subspecies poorly known, but species winters southward to Myanmar, Thailand, and the Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-779EF524",null,null,"Vladivostok.","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Osttibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobactungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds. 1te Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/263262#page/40/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanomelana intermedia"],["27406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyanoptila cyanomelana cyanomelana","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.79, vol.3 pl.470",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Kuril Islands and Japan; winter range of subspecies poorly known, but species winters southward to Myanmar, Thailand, and the Greater Sundas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20370910",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/233/mode/1up","Muscicapa cyanomelana"],["27407","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Muscicapa indigo [Horsfield, 1821]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/69/mode/1up","Eumyias"],["27408","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias sanfordi","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.79","Matinan Blue Flycatcher","Matinan Flycatcher","Matinan Warbling-flycatcher","2025-0205","Taxa <em>stresemanni, oscillans, hoevelli, hyacinthinus, sanfordi</em>, and <em>additus </em>are placed in <em>Eumyias </em>based on bioacoustic and genomic data (Garg et al. 2024). The inclusion of <em>additus </em>is already supported by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Sangster et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2023).","mountains of northern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709482","matfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/matfly2","avibase-A89B82E6",null,null,"Matinang Mountains, northern Celebes.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. III. Zur Ornithologie des Matinang-Gebirges auf der Nordhalbinsel von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0077-0085.pdf#page=3","Cyornis sanfordi"],["27409","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias hoevelli","(Meyer, 1903)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.4 p.186","Blue-fronted Blue Flycatcher","Blue-fronted Flycatcher","Blue-fronted Warbling-flycatcher","2025-0205","Taxa <em>stresemanni, oscillans, hoevelli, hyacinthinus, sanfordi</em>, and <em>additus </em>are placed in <em>Eumyias </em>based on bioacoustic and genomic data (Garg et al. 2024). The inclusion of <em>additus </em>is already supported by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Sangster et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2023).","montane forest of central and southeastern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709490","blffly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blffly1","avibase-64C5A03E",null,null,"Takala (= Tokala) Mountains, Celebes.","Neue Vögel von Celébes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37388#page/228/mode/1up","Siphia hoëvelli"],["27410","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias hyacinthinus","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.5, vol.3 pl.30 fig.1,2,text","Timor Blue Flycatcher","Timor Blue Flycatcher","Timor Warbling-flycatcher","2025-0205","Taxa <em>stresemanni, oscillans, hoevelli, hyacinthinus, sanfordi</em>, and <em>additus </em>are placed in <em>Eumyias </em>based on bioacoustic and genomic data (Garg et al. 2024). The inclusion of <em>additus </em>is already supported by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Sangster et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2023).","eastern Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709494","tibfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibfly2","avibase-DB232D5C",null,null,"Timor",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/221/mode/1up","Muscicapa hyacinthina"],["27411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias hyacinthinus hyacinthinus","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.5, vol.3 pl.30 fig.1,2,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Rote, Semau, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8427D1FB",null,null,"Timor",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/221/mode/1up","Muscicapa hyacinthina"],["27412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias hyacinthinus kuehni","(Hartert, 1904)","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E29474CB",null,null,"Wetter (= Wetar) Island.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/218/mode/1up","Cyornis hyacinthina kühni"],["27413","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias oscillans","(Hartert, 1897)","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.170","Flores Jungle Flycatcher","Flores Jungle Flycatcher","Russet-backed Warbling-flycatcher","2025-0191, 2025-0205","2025-0191)) Taxon <em>stresemanni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Eumyias oscillans</em> based on differences in plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations (Garg et al. 2024). 2025-0205)) Taxa <em>stresemanni, oscillans, hoevelli, hyacinthinus, sanfordi</em>, and <em>additus </em>are placed in <em>Eumyias </em>based on bioacoustic and genomic data (Garg et al. 2024). The inclusion of <em>additus </em>is supported by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Sangster et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2023).\n","Flores and Sumbawa (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761332","flojuf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flojuf2","avibase-B69E7CB5",null,null,"Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/188/mode/1up","Microeca oscillans"],["27414","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias stresemanni","(Siebers, 1928)","Treubia 10, no.2-3 p.399-400","Sumba Jungle Flycatcher","Sumba Jungle Flycatcher","Sumba Warbling-flycatcher","2025-0191, 2025-0205","2025-0191)) Taxon <em>stresemanni </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Eumyias oscillans</em> based on differences in plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations (Garg et al. 2024). 2025-0205)) Taxa <em>stresemanni, oscillans, hoevelli, hyacinthinus, sanfordi</em>, and <em>additus </em>are placed in <em>Eumyias </em>based on bioacoustic and genomic data (Garg et al. 2024). The inclusion of <em>additus </em>is supported by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (Sangster et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2023).\n","Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761453","flojuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flojuf1","avibase-B136588C",null,null,"Mao Marru, eastern Sumba.","Neue Vögel von Sumba.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v10i2-3.1812","Microeca stresemanni"],["27415","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias sordidus","(Walden, 1870)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5 p.218","Dull-blue Flycatcher","Dull-blue Flycatcher","Dull-blue Flycatcher",null,null,"forested uplands of Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709433","dubfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dubfly3","avibase-75A6445E",null,null,"Ceylon.","XXII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from Southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/232/mode/1up","Glaucomyias sordida"],["27416","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias albicaudatus","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.26 p.16","Nilgiri Flycatcher","Nilgiri Flycatcher","Nilgiri Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill forest of southwestern Peninsular India (southern Karnataka southward to Kerala)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709449","nilfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nilfly2","avibase-52FED114",null,null,"Neilgherries (= Nilghiris).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/32/mode/1up","Muscicapa albi-caudata"],["27417","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias indigo","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.146","Indigo Flycatcher","Indigo Flycatcher","Indigo Flycatcher","2025-0206","Taxon <em>ruficrissa </em>(polytypic, including <em>cerviniventris</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Eumyias indigo</em> based on minor vocal and morphological differences. Although genetic data for <em>cerviniventris </em>is available (Shakya et al. 2018, 2020) data for <em>ruficrissa </em>and <em>indigo </em>are lacking; further research required.","montane Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709461","indfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indfly1","avibase-097312DE",null,null,"Nil-nilan, Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/165/mode/1up","Muscicapa Indigo"],["27418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias indigo ruficrissa","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"high montane forest of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E6CBB5D",null,null,"Mt. Singalan (= Singgalang), Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/208/mode/1up","Stoparola ruficrissa"],["27419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias indigo indigo","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"high montane forest of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFD3F2BE",null,null,"Nil-nilan, Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/165/mode/1up","Muscicapa Indigo"],["27420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias indigo cerviniventris","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"high montane forest of Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A30A7C",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/500/mode/1up","Stoparola cerviniventris"],["27421","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias thalassinus","(Swainson, 1838)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.252","Verditer Flycatcher","Verditer Flycatcher","Verditer Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan to southern China and Indochina; winters to Peninsular India, Thai-Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709426","verfly4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/verfly4","avibase-1DF0E856",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Sikkim by Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 239.","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/372/mode/1up","Muscicapa thalassina"],["27422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias thalassinus thalassinus","(Swainson, 1838)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Pakistan to southern China and Indochina; winters to Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6746D1B1",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Sikkim by Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 239.","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/372/mode/1up","Muscicapa thalassina"],["27423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias thalassinus thalassoides","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and (rarely) Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21656CD7",null,null,"Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/69/mode/1up","G[laucomyias] thalassoides"],["27424","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias additus","(Hartert, 1900)","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.2 p.234","Buru Jungle Flycatcher","Buru Jungle Flycatcher","Buru Warbling-flycatcher",null,null,"forest of Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709117","burjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burjuf1","avibase-4EA42529",null,null,"Mt. Mada (=Madang), 3000 ft., western Buru.","The birds of Buru, being a list of collections made on that island by Messrs. William Doherty and Dumas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/248/mode/1up","Microeca addita"],["27425","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.326","Turquoise Flycatcher","Turquoise Flycatcher","Turquoise Flycatcher",null,null,"montane Philippines, Sulawesi, Obi, and Seram",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709445","islfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/islfly1","avibase-7C862AD0",null,null,"Panay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/448/mode/1up","Eumyias panayensis"],["27426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis nigrimentalis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (montane forest of Luzon and Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62D6DF23",null,null,"northern Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Stoparola nigrimentalis"],["27427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis panayensis","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.326",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (montane forest of Negros and Panay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B4CC0B1",null,null,"Panay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/448/mode/1up","Eumyias panayensis"],["27428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis nigriloris","(Hartert, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B1131D0",null,null,"Mt. Apo, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/568/mode/1up","Stoparola panayensis nigriloris"],["27429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis septentrionalis","(Büttikofer, 1893)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 no.2 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi (except the south); a population on Taliabu is provisionally assigned here, but may represent an undescribed subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D51377E0",null,null,"northern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/181/mode/1up","Stoparola septentrionalis"],["27430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis meridionalis","(Büttikofer, 1893)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 no.2 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3162B07",null,null,"southern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/182/mode/1up","Stoparola meridionalis"],["27431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis obiensis","(Hartert, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Obi (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8C27992",null,null,"Obi Major.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/26/mode/1up","Stoparola panayensis obiensis"],["27432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Eumyias panayensis harterti","(van Oort, 1911)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 34 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEF1C22B",null,null,"western Ceram.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47509#page/78/mode/1up","Stoparola harterti"],["27433","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dimorpha monileger [Hodgson, 1845]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 53).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/154/mode/1up","Anthipes"],["27434","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes solitaris","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.351","Rufous-browed Flycatcher","Rufous-browed Flycatcher","Rufous-browed Flycatcher",null,null,"patchy in foothill and submontane broadleaf evergreen forest, and bamboo thickets, from western Thailand and adjacent Myanmar eastward to central and southern Vietnam, and southward in Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709355","rubfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubfly3","avibase-EBEB71F0",null,null,"Sumatra. Types from Mt. Singgalang, western Sumatra, fide Finsch, 1901, Notes Leyden Mus., 22, p. 207.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351#v=onepage&f=false","Muscicapa solitaris"],["27435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes solitaris submoniliger","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5, no.2 p.105-106",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Myanmar to peninsular Thailand and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE068FF1",null,null,"'Central Tenasserim Hills' = Paraduba, Mooleyit, near Meetan, fide Hume and Davison, 1878, Stray Feathers, 6, p. 232.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/121/mode/1up","Anthipes submoniliger"],["27436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes solitaris malayana","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35FE6766",null,null,"Larut Mountains, Perak, Malaya.","Notes on Specimens in the Hume Collection of Birds. No. 6. On some Species of the Genus Digenea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/301/mode/1up","Digenea malayana"],["27437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes solitaris solitaris","(Müller, 1836)","Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt.3 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34B8F703",null,null,"Sumatra. Types from Mt. Singgalang, western Sumatra, fide Finsch, 1901, Notes Leyden Mus., 22, p. 207.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=XERnAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351#v=onepage&f=false","Muscicapa solitaris"],["27438","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes monileger","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.26","White-gorgeted Flycatcher","White-gorgeted Flycatcher","White-gorgeted Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to submontane broadleaf forest, dense thickets, and bamboo, from western Sikkim eastward to southern China, and southward to southwestern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and central Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709349","whgfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whgfly1","avibase-03E8C346",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/240/mode/1up","D[imorpha]? monileger"],["27439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes monileger monileger","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of western Sikkim to Bhutan and northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AFCB9E5",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/240/mode/1up","D[imorpha]? monileger"],["27440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes monileger leucops","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India to southern China (Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-510483A2",null,null,"Shillong, Meghalaya, India, and Karen-nee ( = Kayah State), Burma.","Notes on Specimens in the Hume Collection of Birds. No. 6. On some Species of the Genus Digenea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/300/mode/1up","Digenea leucops"],["27441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Anthipes monileger gularis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (Arakan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8A54B0D",null,null,"Arracan [= Arakan], Burma.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/154/mode/1up","A[nthipes] gularis"],["27442","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.940",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phoenicura rubeculoides [Vigors, 1831]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 53).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/456/mode/1up","Cyornis"],["27443","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruckii","(Oustalet, 1881)","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 5 p.78","Rück's Blue Flycatcher","Rück's Blue Flycatcher","Rück's Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"known from four specimens ca. 1919 from northeastern Sumatra","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709502","rubfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubfly1","avibase-EAF7A5C6",null,null,"Malacca. Type, in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, said to be from Kessang (= Kesang) on the coast, fide Robinson and Kinnear, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 256.","Notes d'Ornithologie. (2e série).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98733#page/86/mode/1up","Siphia Ruckii"],["27444","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis unicolor","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1007","Pale Blue Flycatcher","Pale Blue Flycatcher","Pale Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"Himalayas from central Nepal eastward through southeastern China (including Hainan), southward in western Myanmar and through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, northern Borneo, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709532","pabfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabfly2","avibase-480F2C3C",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/523/mode/1up","C[yornis] unicolor"],["27445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis unicolor unicolor","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1007",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Garhwal) to northern India, northern Myanmar, southern China, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33B726DA",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/523/mode/1up","C[yornis] unicolor"],["27446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis unicolor diaoluoensis","(Zheng, Yang & Lu, 1981)","Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 6 no.4 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0BD62F8",null,null,"Hainan Island.","A New Subspecies Of Niltava Unicolor——N.U.Diaoluoensis From Hainan Island","http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DWFL198104026.htm","Niltava unicolor diaoluoensis"],["27447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis unicolor cyanopolia","Blyth, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula (south of Isthmus of Kra), Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF9C3FD8",null,null,"Sumatra, Java and Borneo","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/187/mode/1up","Cyornis cyanopolia"],["27448","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis brunneatus","(Slater, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.10 p.175","Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher","Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher","Brown-chested Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southeastern China; winters in southwestern Thailand and the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761460","bncjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bncjuf1","avibase-1AFE0391",null,null,"Kuatun (= Kuant'un), northwestern Fohkien (= Fukien).","On a Further Collection of Birds, made by Messrs. La Touche and Rickett, from N. W. Fohkien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/223/mode/1up","Siphia brunneata"],["27449","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis nicobaricus","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.295-296","Nicobar Jungle Flycatcher","Nicobar Jungle Flycatcher","Nicobar Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"southern Nicobar Islands (Little Nicobar and Great Nicobar islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761482","nicjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicjuf1","avibase-383E7A61",null,null,"Pulo Kunyi, Great Nicobar.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/327/mode/1up","Rhinomyias nicobarica"],["27450","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis glaucicomans","Thayer & Bangs, 1909","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 52, no.8 p.141","Chinese Blue Flycatcher","Chinese Blue Flycatcher","Chinese Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southern China (southern Shaanxi and western Hubei to Sichuan and Guizhou); winters southwestern Thailand and the Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103762252","butfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butfly2","avibase-1937A3C8",null,null,"Pao-Tung, Hupeh, China.","Descriptions of new birds from central China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25494#page/229/mode/1up","Cyornis tickelliae glaucicomans"],["27451","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rubeculoides","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35","Blue-throated Blue Flycatcher","Blue-throated Flycatcher",null,"2025-1193","Taxon <em>dialilaemus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyornis hainanus</em>, rather than of <em>C. rubeculoides</em>, based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Singh et al. 2019).","foothill to submontane understory and ravines in broadleaf evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, and bamboo, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to Bhutan, and in northeastern India and western Myanmar; Himalayan populations migrate to southern India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,"butfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butfly1","avibase-7CB43266",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Simla- Almora by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471, to Darjeeling by Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 231.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Phoenicura rubeculoïdes"],["27452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rubeculoides rubeculoides","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kashmir to northern India and northern Myanmar; winters to Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BD80E6F",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Simla- Almora by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471, to Darjeeling by Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 231.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Phoenicura rubeculoïdes"],["27453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rubeculoides rogersi","Robinson & Kinnear, 1928","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (Arakan Mountains and lower Chindwin River area); populations in the Indian hills south of the Brahmaputra have been treated as this",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-246FC4AC",null,null,"Aracan, lat. 18°-19° N., long. 95° E. [=Rakhine, Myanmar]","Notes on the genus Cyornis Blyth.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/281/mode/1up","Cyornis rubeculoides rogersi"],["27454","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis hainanus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.36","Hainan Blue Flycatcher","Hainan Blue Flycatcher",null,"2025-1193","Taxon <em>dialilaemus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyornis hainanus</em>, rather than of <em>C. rubeculoides</em>, based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Singh et al. 2019).","southern China and southeastern Asia from eastern Myanmar eastward through Hainan and Vietnam",null,null,null,"habfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/habfly1","avibase-1326E292",null,null,"Five-finger Mountains, interior of Hainan.","[New species from the Five-finger Mountains, in the interior of Hainan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/68/mode/1up","Siphia hainana"],["27455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis hainanus hainanus","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern China (including Hainan) to southern Myanmar, Thailand (except west and central, to north of the Isthmus of Kra), and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB0CE573",null,null,"Five-finger Mountains, interior of Hainan.","[New species from the Five-finger Mountains, in the interior of Hainan].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/68/mode/1up","Siphia hainana"],["27456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis hainanus dialilaemus","Salvadori, 1889","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.27 p.387",null,null,null,"2025-1193","Taxon <em>dialilaemus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cyornis hainanus</em>, rather than of <em>C. rubeculoides</em>, based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Singh et al. 2019).","mostly lower hills and lowlands of northeastern India (western Arunachal and eastern Assam) and hills south of the Brahmaputra (where poorly documented) eastward to far southwestern Yunnan and northwestern and western Thailand (southward to about Phetchaburi); some winter farther south in Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9DABD6A",null,null,"Taho, Mt. Carin [=Karen Hills], Tenasserim; altitude ca. 1,400 meters.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111047#page/391/mode/1up","Cyornis dialilaema"],["27457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis hainanus klossi","Robinson, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Thailand, southern Laos, eastern Cambodia (at least in Mondulkiri), and southern Vietnam (central Annam southward to Cochinchina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86D8B1D8",null,null,"Dran (= Don Duong), southern Annam.","Description of a new race of Blue Flycatcher from Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/234/mode/1up","Cyornis rubeculoides klossi"],["27458","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis caerulatus","(Bonaparte, 1857)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.54","Sunda Blue Flycatcher","Sunda Blue Flycatcher","Large-billed Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland forest of Sumatra and Borneo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709558","lobblf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobblf1","avibase-52C69037",null,null,"Borneo. Type from Sambarajan, fide Stresemann, 1925, Ornith. Monatsber, 33, p. 47.","Notes sur le genre Moquinus, nouvelle forme intermédiaire aux Turdides, aux Laniides et aux Muscicapides ; sur le nouveau genre Myiagrien Schwaneria ; et sur le Catalogue des Oiseaux d'Europe et d'Algérie'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/62/mode/1up","Schwaneria caerulata"],["27459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis caerulatus albiventer","Junge, 1933","Ardea 22 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66B60474",null,null,"Batang Kwis, Deli, and Sungai Tasik, Langkat, northeastern Sumatra.","Cyornis caerulata albiventer. A new subspecies from Sumatra.","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=3277","Cyornis caerulata albiventer"],["27460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis caerulatus rufifrons","Wallace, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of western Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49560AB4",null,null,"Borneo. Type from Sarawak, fide Robinson and Kinnear, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 253. Not preoccupied by Muscicapa rufifrons Latham, 1801 = Rhipidura rufifrons (Latham).","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/560/mode/1up","Cyornis rufifrons"],["27461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis caerulatus caerulatus","(Bonaparte, 1857)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.9 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of northern, eastern, and southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65113D72",null,null,"Borneo. Type from Sambarajan, fide Stresemann, 1925, Ornith. Monatsber, 33, p. 47.","Notes sur le genre Moquinus, nouvelle forme intermédiaire aux Turdides, aux Laniides et aux Muscicapides ; sur le nouveau genre Myiagrien Schwaneria ; et sur le Catalogue des Oiseaux d'Europe et d'Algérie'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48710#page/62/mode/1up","Schwaneria caerulata"],["27462","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis pallidipes","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.26 p.15","White-bellied Blue Flycatcher","White-bellied Blue Flycatcher","White-bellied Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"uplands of southwestern India (western Maharashtra to Kerala)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709519","wbbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbbfly1","avibase-C29DEB80",null,null,"Coonoor Ghat, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/31/mode/1up","Muscicapa pallipes"],["27463","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis umbratilis","(Strickland, 1849)","Contributions to ornithology 2 p.126 pl.35","Grey-chested Jungle Flycatcher","Gray-chested Jungle Flycatcher","Grey-chested Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, North Natuna Islands, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709156","gycjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycjuf1","avibase-F63B6317",null,null,"Borneo.","Illustrations of Ornithology.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211381#page/273/mode/1up","Trichostoma umbratile"],["27464","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis herioti","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1886","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.14 p.159","Blue-breasted Blue Flycatcher","Blue-breasted Blue Flycatcher","Blue-breasted Blue Flycatcher","2025-0194","Taxon <em>camarinensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cyornis herioti </em>based on obvious plumage differences (del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2016; Garg et al. 2024).","northern Philippines (mountains of northern and central Luzon)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761568","bubfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubfly1","avibase-62BD5AD2",null,null,"neighborhood of Manila.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippine Islands. No. 2. On Additional Collections of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/199/mode/1up","Cyornis herioti"],["27465","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis camarinensis","(Rand & Rabor, 1967)","Fieldiana Zoology 51 no.6 p.88","Rufous-breasted Blue Flycatcher","Rufous-breasted Blue Flycatcher","Rufous-breasted Blue Flycatcher","2025-0194","Taxon <em>camarinensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cyornis herioti </em>based on obvious plumage differences (del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2016; Garg et al. 2024).","northern Philippines (mountains of southern Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761646","bubfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubfly2","avibase-A9493977",null,null,"Mt. Isarog, Camarines Sur, Luzon.","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/10/mode/1up","Muscicapa herioti camarinensis"],["27466","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ocularis","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.28","Sulu Jungle Flycatcher","Sulu Jungle Flycatcher",null,"2025-1110","Taxa <em>ruficrissa </em>(polytypic, including <em>isola</em>) and <em>ocularis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis ruficauda</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Unfortunately, vocal samples are very small (Gwee et al. 2019), and further work is desirable.","Sulu Archipelago (Pangamian, Jolo, and Tawitawi, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,"chtjuf3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtjuf3","avibase-990FA273",null,null,"Sulu, Tawitawi; restricted to Sulu Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands, by Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 221, p. 462.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/32/mode/1up","Rhynomyias occularis"],["27467","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficrissa","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.441-442","Crocker Jungle Flycatcher","Crocker Jungle Flycatcher",null,"2025-1110","Taxa <em>ruficrissa </em>(polytypic, including <em>isola</em>) and <em>ocularis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis ruficauda</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Unfortunately, vocal samples are very small (Gwee et al. 2019), and further work is desirable.","montane forest of northern Borneo",null,null,null,"chtjuf4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtjuf4","avibase-739B1664",null,null,"Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/497/mode/1up","Rhinomyias ruficrissa"],["27468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficrissa ruficrissa","(Sharpe, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.441-442",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6BB9277",null,null,"Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/497/mode/1up","Rhinomyias ruficrissa"],["27469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficrissa isola","(Hachisuka, 1932)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Sarawak (northwestern and north-central Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73764E96",null,null,"Mt. Dulit, Borneo.","Descriptions of new birds from Borneo and the Philippine Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/144/mode/1up","Rhinomyias ruficauda isola"],["27470","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficauda","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.327","Philippine Jungle Flycatcher","Philippine Jungle Flycatcher",null,"2025-1110","Taxa <em>ruficrissa </em>(polytypic, including <em>isola</em>) and <em>ocularis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis ruficauda</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Unfortunately, vocal samples are very small (Gwee et al. 2019), and further work is desirable.","lowland to foothill broadleaf forest and ravines in East Visayas, Bohol, Mindanao, and Basilan (eastern and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,"chtjuf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtjuf2","avibase-5F01BD28",null,null,"Isabella de Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/449/mode/1up","Setaria ruficauda"],["27471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficauda ruficauda","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36D83AB7",null,null,"Isabella de Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/449/mode/1up","Setaria ruficauda"],["27472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficauda zamboanga","(Rand & Rabor, 1957)","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E857523",null,null,"Diway, Dabiak, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/9/mode/1up","Rhinomyias ruficauda zamboanga"],["27473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficauda boholensis","(Rand & Rabor, 1957)","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Bohol (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46E59143",null,null,"Cantaub, Sierra Bullones, Bohol, Philippine Islands.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/7/mode/1up","Rhinomyias ruficauda boholensis"],["27474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis ruficauda samarensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Leyte, Samar, and eastern Mindanao (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95704D1E",null,null,"Samar, Leyte; restricted to Samar by Vaurie, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1570, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/20/mode/1up","Hypothymis Samarensis"],["27475","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis superbus","Stresemann, 1925","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 33 p.52","Bornean Blue Flycatcher","Bornean Blue Flycatcher","Bornean Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"montane forest of Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709553","bobfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bobfly2","avibase-CA394EC6",null,null,"Mt. Penrissen, Borneo.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_33_0045-0053.pdf#page=8","Cyornis superba"],["27476","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis turcosus","Brüggemann, 1877","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 5 p.457","Malayan Blue Flycatcher","Malayan Blue Flycatcher","Malaysian Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709566","mabfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabfly1","avibase-A35345E1",null,null,"Moeara Teweh (= Muarateweh), southeastern Borneo.",null,"https://www.archive.org/download/abhandlungenhera05natu/page/n464_w497","Cyornis turcosa"],["27477","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis lemprieri","(Sharpe, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.7 p.319","Palawan Blue Flycatcher","Palawan Blue Flycatcher","Palawan Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Balabac, Calamian, and Palawan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709548","pabfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabfly1","avibase-37C2CC2E",null,null,"southern Palawan.","On a Collection of Birds made in Southern Palawan by Mr. E. Lemprière.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/363/mode/1up","Siphia lemprieri"],["27478","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis magnirostris","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.814","Large Blue Flycatcher","Large Blue Flycatcher","Large Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas (northeastern India and Bhutan) to northern Myanmar; winters southern Myanmar and Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735904","larblf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larblf1","avibase-F18BBB65",null,null,"Darjeeling, India.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/178/mode/1up","Cyornis magnirostris"],["27479","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis sumatrensis","(Sharpe, 1879)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.451","Indochinese Blue Flycatcher","Indochinese Blue Flycatcher","Indochinese Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand, Indochina, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761859","tibfly4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibfly4","avibase-16C6AC8A",null,null,"Sumatra. Type of Malacca make, fide Robinson and Kinnear 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 238.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/469/mode/1up","Siphia sumatrensis"],["27480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis sumatrensis sumatrensis","(Sharpe, 1879)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula and northeastern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A909EFBC",null,null,"Sumatra. Type of Malacca make, fide Robinson and Kinnear 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 238.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/469/mode/1up","Siphia sumatrensis"],["27481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis sumatrensis indochina","Chasen & Kloss, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thailand and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89A0D23C",null,null,"Da Ban, southern Annam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/113/mode/1up","Cyornis rufigastra indochina"],["27482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis sumatrensis lamprus","Oberholser, 1917","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A635D7F",null,null,"Pulo Jimaja, Anambas Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/51/mode/1up","Cyornis banyumas lampra"],["27483","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis tickelliae","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.941","Tickell's Blue Flycatcher","Tickell's Blue Flycatcher","Tickell's Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland to foothill open dry woodland, secondary growth, bamboo, riparian scrub, and villages, in Indian subcontinent from Himachal Pradesh in lower Himalayas and Gujarat in the west southward through the Peninsula and Sri Lanka, and eastward through southern Nepal and western West Bengal; some northern populations disperse downslope post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761678","tibfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibfly3","avibase-0EA33C18",null,null,"Central India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/457/mode/1up","C[yornis] Tickelliae"],["27484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis tickelliae tickelliae","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.941",null,null,null,null,null,"India from about Himachal Pradesh in foothills of the northwest and Gujarat in the far west eastward through southern Nepal and western West Bengal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F26FC264",null,null,"Central India",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/457/mode/1up","C[yornis] Tickelliae"],["27485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis tickelliae jerdoni","Holdsworth, 1872","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.2 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62BFD6FA",null,null,"southern India and Ceylon. Type, in British Museum (Natural History), from few miles from Colombo, fide Ali and Ripley, 1972, Handbook Birds India Pakistan, 7, p. 196.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/504/mode/1up","Cyornis jerdoni"],["27486","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis whitei","Harington, 1908","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.2, no.9 p.245-246","Hill Blue Flycatcher","Hill Blue Flycatcher","Hill Blue Flycatcher","2025-0192","Taxa <em>whitei </em>(polytypic) and <em>montanus </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis banyumas</em> (polytypic) based on vocalizations (Gwee et al. 2019) and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data do not recover<em> C. banyumas sensu lato </em>as monophyletic, with relatively deep divergences separating the three species (Zhang et al. 2016; Irham et al. 2022b; Zhao et al. 2023).","northeastern Myanmar to southern China, Thailand, northern Laos, northern Vietnam, and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216915109","hibfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hibfly1","avibase-869DE48B",null,null,"Watan, Bhamo district, Upper Burma.","XXVIII. On some new Species and Subspecies of Birds from Upper Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71837#page/271/mode/1up","Cyornis whitei"],["27487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis whitei whitei","Harington, 1908","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.8, vol.2, no.9 p.245-246",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar to southern China, northeastern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42043A6C",null,null,"Watan, Bhamo district, Upper Burma.","XXVIII. On some new Species and Subspecies of Birds from Upper Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71837#page/271/mode/1up","Cyornis whitei"],["27488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis whitei lekhakuni","(Deignan, 1956)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern plateau of Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-319FEE87",null,null,"Khao Laem, lat. 14° 25' N., long. 101° 30' E., Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/433/mode/1up","Muscicapa banyumas lekhakuni"],["27489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis whitei deignani","Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae 7 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79A17E49",null,null,"Khao Soi Dao Tai, southeastern Siam; altitude 3,500 feet.","Notes on Cyornis banyumas.",null,"Cyornis banyumas deignani"],["27490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis whitei coerulifrons","Stuart Baker, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula (south of Isthmus of Kra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDBB5DA5",null,null,"Klang Bang Lai (= Ban Salui), Siam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/146/mode/1up","Cyornis magnirostris coerulifrons"],["27491","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.312","Mangrove Blue Flycatcher","Mangrove Blue Flycatcher","Mangrove Blue Flycatcher","2025-0193","Taxa <em>omissus </em>(polytypic) and <em>kalaoensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis rufigastra</em> (polytypic) based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics (Gwee et al. 2019; Eaton &amp; Rheindt 2017; Zhao et al. 2023). Taxon <em>djampeanus</em>, sometimes treated as a distinct species, is retained as a subspecies of <em>omissus </em>based on a lack of bioacoustic differentiation (Gwee et al. 2019); further research required.","lowland coastal mangroves and adjacent scrub, beach forest, and nipa palm thickets, from Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra eastward to Philippines, Borneo, Java, and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103762260","mabfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabfly2","avibase-52840970",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/344/mode/1up","Muscicapa rufigastra"],["27492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra rufigastra","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands of Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F0C8AB3",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/344/mode/1up","Muscicapa rufigastra"],["27493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra longipennis","Chasen & Kloss, 1930","Treubia 12, no.2 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Karimunjawa Islands (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-402C4719",null,null,"Karimon-Java (= Karimundjawa) Island, Java Sea.","A new race of Cyornis from the Java Sea.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v12i2.1881","Cyornis rufigastra longipennis"],["27494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra rhizophorae","Stresemann, 1925","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 33 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"western Java and Sebesi Island (Sunda Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F332A839",null,null,"Moeara Boengin (= Muarabungin), north coast of western Java.","Über einige Cyornis-Arten.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_33_0045-0053.pdf#page=6","Cyornis rufigastra rhizophorae"],["27495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra karimatensis","Oberholser, 1924","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 64, no.2512 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Karimata Island (off southwestern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-072A89A2",null,null,"Karimata Island, off western Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32410#page/689/mode/1up","Cyornis banyumas karimatensis"],["27496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra simplex","Blyth, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Polillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34B5ADF0",null,null,"no locality; type from Luzon, Philippines, fide Robinson and Kinnear, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 246.","Notes relating chiefly to the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/187/mode/1up","Cyornis simplex"],["27497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra marinduquensis","du Pont, 1972","Nemouria no.7 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Marinduque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06838CE8",null,null,"Matabang, Bundok, Kilo-Kilo, Santa Cruz, Marinduque, Philippines; altitude 1,000-1,500 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/189/mode/1up","Cyornis rufigaster marinduquensis"],["27498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra philippinensis","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Philippines (including Palawan and Sulu Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D4BDB8E",null,null,"Panay, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/447/mode/1up","Cyornis philippinensis"],["27499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis rufigastra mindorensis","Mearns, 1907","The Philippine Journal of Science 2 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E47CE5EB",null,null,"Alag River, Mindoro, Philippines; altitude 500 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/482/mode/1up","Cyornis mindorensis"],["27500","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis kalaoensis","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.172","Kalao Blue Flycatcher","Kalao Blue Flycatcher",null,"2025-0193","Taxa <em>omissus </em>(polytypic) and <em>kalaoensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis rufigastra</em> (polytypic) based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics (Gwee et al. 2019; Eaton &amp; Rheindt 2017; Zhao et al. 2023). Taxon <em>djampeanus</em>, sometimes treated as a distinct species, is retained as a subspecies of <em>omissus </em>based on a lack of bioacoustic differentiation (Gwee et al. 2019); further research required.","Kalao Island (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,"subfly5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subfly5","avibase-0A57AF48",null,null,"Kalao Island [Indonesia].","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/192/mode/1up","Siphia kalaoensis"],["27501","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis omissus","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.71","Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher","Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher",null,"2025-0193","Taxa <em>omissus </em>(polytypic) and <em>kalaoensis </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis rufigastra</em> (polytypic) based on a combination of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics (Gwee et al. 2019; Eaton &amp; Rheindt 2017; Zhao et al. 2023). Taxon <em>djampeanus</em>, sometimes treated as a distinct species, is retained as a subspecies of <em>omissus </em>based on a lack of bioacoustic differentiation (Gwee et al. 2019); further research required.","Sulawesi region",null,null,null,"subfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/subfly1","avibase-24E87291",null,null,"Indrulaman, southern Celebes; altitude ca. 2,500 feet.","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the mountains of southern Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/89/mode/1up","Siphia omissa"],["27502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis omissus omissus","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.1 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4C07D63",null,null,"Indrulaman, southern Celebes; altitude ca. 2,500 feet.","Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the mountains of southern Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/89/mode/1up","Siphia omissa"],["27503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis omissus omississimus","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari et al., 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 57-63 [p. 57]",null,null,null,null,null,"Togian Islands (off northeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98AC82D7",null,null,"Dolomino Forest (~150m) near Tanimpo village, desa Wakai, island of Batudaka, Togian Archipelago (S 00° 26.042'; E 121° 51.357').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Cyornis omissus omississimus"],["27504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis omissus peromissus","Hartert, 1920","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.2 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,"Salayar Island (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D30D09D9",null,null,"Saleyer (= Salajar) Island.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/573/mode/1up","Cyornis banyumas peromissa"],["27505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis omissus djampeanus","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanahjampea Island (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7E9B9BD",null,null,"Djampea (= Tanahdjampea) Island.","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/192/mode/1up","Siphia djampeana"],["27506","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis banyumas","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.146","Javan Blue Flycatcher","Javan Blue Flycatcher","Javan Blue Flycatcher","2025-0192","Taxa <em>whitei </em>(polytypic) and <em>montanus </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis banyumas</em> (polytypic) based on vocalizations (Gwee et al. 2019) and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data do not recover<em> C. banyumas sensu lato </em>as monophyletic, with relatively deep divergences separating the three species (Zhang et al. 2016; Irham et al. 2022b; Zhao et al. 2023).","Java",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216915083","hibfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hibfly3","avibase-2700F380",null,null,"Province of Banyumas, Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/165/mode/1up","Muscicapa Banyumas"],["27507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis banyumas ligus","(Deignan, 1947)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90A4610B",null,null,"Java; restricted to western Java by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Treubia, 5, p. 280, further restricted to the Province of Bantam (= Banten) by Chasen and Kloss, 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 2., p. 27","Some untenable names in the old world flycatchers","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/173/mode/1up","Muscicapa banyumas liga"],["27508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis banyumas banyumas","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3C7B1A7",null,null,"Province of Banyumas, Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/165/mode/1up","Muscicapa Banyumas"],["27509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis banyumas mardii","(Hoogerwerf, 1962)","Ardea 50, no.3/4 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"Panaitan Island (off western Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F55EFE48",null,null,"Tijiharashas, Prinsen Island (= Pulau Panaitan), western Java.","Some ornithological notes on the smaller islands around Java (with the descriptions of seven new subspecies).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1188","Niltava banyumas mardii"],["27510","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis montanus","Robinson & Kinnear, 1928","Novitates Zoologicae 34, no.3 p.244","Dayak Blue Flycatcher","Dayak Blue Flycatcher","Dayak Blue Flycatcher","2025-0192","Taxa <em>whitei </em>(polytypic) and <em>montanus </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Cyornis banyumas</em> (polytypic) based on vocalizations (Gwee et al. 2019) and genetics. Mitochondrial DNA data do not recover<em> C. banyumas sensu lato </em>as monophyletic, with relatively deep divergences separating the three species (Zhang et al. 2016; Irham et al. 2022b; Zhao et al. 2023).","Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216915119","hibfly4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hibfly4","avibase-7BF59220",null,null,"Mount Liang Koebang, 2000 feet, Central Borneo","Notes on the genus Cyornis Blyth.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23229#page/292/mode/1up","Cyornis whitei montana"],["27511","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis kadayangensis","Irham, Haryoko, Shakya et al., 2022","Journal für Ornithologie 163 p.575-588","Meratus Blue Flycatcher","Meratus Blue Flycatcher","Meratus Blue Flycatcher","2025-0432","Monotypic <em>Cyornis kadayangensis</em> is recognised as a new species based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics, following Irham et al. (2022b).","Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan, southeastern Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216557368","merjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/merjuf1","avibase-69456178",null,null,"Montane forest around the summit trail (~1150 m asl) to the Mount Besar [id]  in the Meratus Mountains, located in the SE part of the island of Borneo,~35  km E of the town of Kandangan, South Hulu Sungai, South Kalimantan,  Indonesia. (?02.7249°S 115.5863°E?).","Description of two new bird species from the Meratus Mountains of southeast Borneo, Indonesia","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10336-021-01937-2","Cyornis kadayangensis"],["27512","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis poliogenys","Brooks, 1880","Stray Feathers 8 p.469","Pale-chinned Flycatcher","Pale-chinned Flycatcher","Pale-chinned Flycatcher",null,null,"Himalayas from central Nepal eastward through Yunnan, in southwestern China, and western Myanmar; in south through Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, eastern Indian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709527","pacblf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacblf1","avibase-786EFC15",null,null,"Salbaree, Sikkim terai.","Ornithological Observations in Sikhim, the Punjab, and Sind.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95022#page/499/mode/1up","Cyornis poliogenys"],["27513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis poliogenys poliogenys","Brooks, 1880","Stray Feathers 8 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (central Nepal to northeastern India, Bhutan, and western Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0DA3F6A",null,null,"Salbaree, Sikkim terai.","Ornithological Observations in Sikhim, the Punjab, and Sind.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95022#page/499/mode/1up","Cyornis poliogenys"],["27514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis poliogenys cachariensis","(Madarász, 1884)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 pt1 p.51 pl.1 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Assam) to northwestern Myanmar and southern China (northwestern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84E29AF8",null,null,"Dhilkoosha, Cachar, central Assam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/61/mode/1up","Siphia cachariensis"],["27515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis poliogenys laurentei","(La Touche, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southeastern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D11593B1",null,null,"Loukouchai (altitude 3,500 feet) and Mengtsz = Meng-tzu (altitude 4,000 feet), southeastern Yunnan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/237/mode/1up","Anthipes laurentei"],["27516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis poliogenys vernayi","Whistler, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India (Eastern Ghats from northern Odisha to Andhra Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0C65FE6",null,null,"Sankrametta, Vizagapatam (= Vishakhapatnam) district, India; altitude 3,500 feet.","Notes on the genus Anthipes, and a description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/58/mode/1up","Cyornis poliogenys vernayi"],["27517","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis olivaceus","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5 p.338","Fulvous-chested Jungle Flycatcher","Fulvous-chested Jungle Flycatcher","Fulvous-chested Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"northern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and North Natuna Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709147","fucjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fucjuf1","avibase-9265448C",null,null,"extreme southern portion of Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/356/mode/1up","Cyornis olivacea"],["27518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis olivaceus olivaceus","Hume, 1877","Stray Feathers 5 p.338",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6022C20",null,null,"extreme southern portion of Tenasserim.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95253#page/356/mode/1up","Cyornis olivacea"],["27519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis olivaceus perolivaceus","(Chasen & Kloss, 1929)","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61E8B107",null,null,"Balambangan Island, northern Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Rhinomyias olivacea perolivacea"],["27520","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis colonus","(Hartert, 1898)","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.2 p.131","Sula Jungle Flycatcher","Sula Jungle Flycatcher","Sula Jungle-flycatcher","2025-0158","Taxon <em>pelingensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cyornis colonus</em> based on genomic (Garg et al. 2018) and bioacoustic (Gwee et al. 2019) data.","Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230037720","suljuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suljuf1","avibase-B93D7A8F",null,null,"Sula Mangoli (= Mangole, Sula).","List of a collection of birds made in the Sula Islands by William Doherty.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/147/mode/1up","Rhinomyias colonus"],["27521","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cyornis pelingensis","(Vaurie, 1952)","American Museum Novitates no.1570 p.27","Banggai Jungle Flycatcher","Banggai Jungle Flycatcher","Banggai Jungle-flycatcher","2025-0158","Taxon <em>pelingensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Cyornis colonus</em> based on genomic (Garg et al. 2018) and bioacoustic (Gwee et al. 2019) data.","Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/230035307","banjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banjuf1","avibase-0231D778",null,null,"Peling (= Peleng) Island.","A review of the bird genus Rhinomyias (Muscicapini).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4030/","Rhinomyias colonus pelingensis"],["27522","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus","Cuvier, 1800","Leçons d'anatomie comparée 1 tab.2FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla rubecula [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Motacilla rubecula Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Erithacus"],["27523","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus superbus","Koenig, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.186 p.183","Canary Islands Robin","Canary Islands Robin",null,"2026-073","Erithacus superbus (polytypic, including <em>marionae</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>E. rubecula</em> based primarily on vocalizations. The songs and calls of <em>E. superbus</em> are highly distinctive compared to <em>E. rubecula</em> (Stock &amp; Bergmann 1988; Sangster et al. 2022) despite some evidence of playback response (Stock &amp; Bergmann, 1988). Although <em>E. s. marionae</em> is sometimes treated as a species separate from <em>E. superbus</em> based on vocalizations and genetics (Sangster et al. 2022) the magnitude of vocal differences is more consistent with subspecific differentiation despite mitochondrial DNA data failing to recover <em>E. s. superbus</em> and <em>E. s. marionae</em> as monophyletic (Sangster et al. 2022). Further research, including genomic data and a geographically comprehensive analysis of vocalizations within the <em>E. rubecula – E. superbus</em> complex, will be needed to resolve these inconsistencies.","central Canary Islands (Tenerife and Gran Canaria)",null,null,null,"cairob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cairob1","avibase-9A438434",null,null,"higher region of Teneriffe.","Vorläufige Notiz über zwei neue Vogelarten von den Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/195/mode/1up","Erithacus superbus"],["27524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus superbus superbus","Koenig, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.186 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"central Canary Islands (Tenerife)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E89F90D9",null,null,"higher region of Teneriffe.","Vorläufige Notiz über zwei neue Vogelarten von den Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/195/mode/1up","Erithacus superbus"],["27525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus superbus marionae","Dietzen, Michels & Wink, 2015","The Open Ornithology Journal 8 39-42",null,null,null,null,null,"central Canary Islands (Gran Canaria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E72E0473",null,null,"Moya (approx. 28°06’40”N, 15°35’00”W), Gran Canaria Island, by R. von Thanner in April 1909 or 1910","Formal Description of a New Subspecies of the European Robin from Gran Canaria Island, Spain (Aves: Muscicapidae: Erithacus rubecula marionae subsp. nov.)","http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOOENIJ/TOOENIJ-8-39.pdf","Erithacus rubecula marionae"],["27526","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188","European Robin","European Robin",null,"2026-073","Erithacus superbus (polytypic, including <em>marionae</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>E. rubecula</em> based primarily on vocalizations. The songs and calls of <em>E. superbus</em> are highly distinctive compared to <em>E. rubecula</em> (Stock &amp; Bergmann 1988; Sangster et al. 2022) despite some evidence of playback response (Stock &amp; Bergmann, 1988). Although <em>E. s. marionae</em> is sometimes treated as a species separate from <em>E. superbus</em> based on vocalizations and genetics (Sangster et al. 2022) the magnitude of vocal differences is more consistent with subspecific differentiation despite mitochondrial DNA data failing to recover <em>E. s. superbus</em> and <em>E. s. marionae</em> as monophyletic (Sangster et al. 2022). Further research, including genomic data and a geographically comprehensive analysis of vocalizations within the <em>E. rubecula – E. superbus</em> complex, will be needed to resolve these inconsistencies.","lowland to submontane understory of coniferous forest and deciduous woodland, riparian thickets, parks, and gardens, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to western Russia, and southward to Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeira, and eastern Canary Islands), northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, and Caucasus; northern populations migrate to northern Africa, Middle East, and southeastern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,"eurrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurrob1","avibase-E68C3C70",null,null,"Europe [= Sweden, vide Linnaeus, 1746, Fauna Svecica, no. 232] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Rubecula"],["27527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula melophilus","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles, and presumably this subspecies now breeding on Faroe Islands; partially migratory, some wintering to southwestern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-397C6D59",null,null,"British Isles ; restricted to Hertfordshire by Lack, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 66, p. 62.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. V. Kapitel. Die Fauna der Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/359/mode/1up","Erithacus rubecula melophilus"],["27528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula rubecula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds continental Europe eastward to the Ural Mountains, southward to northern Morocco and western Türkiye; northern and northeastern populations migratory, wintering in western and southern Europe and northern Africa; also (resident) on the Azores, Madeira, and western Canary Islands (La Palma, La Gomera, and El Hierro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-614D3484",null,null,"Europe [= Sweden, vide Linnaeus, 1746, Fauna Svecica, no. 232] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Rubecula"],["27529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula witherbyi","Hartert, 1910","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.753",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Algeria and northwestern Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA9731A6",null,null,"Hamman R'Hira, north Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/843/mode/1up","Erithacus rubecula witherbyi"],["27530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula valens","Portenko, 1954","Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soyuza 3 (no.54) p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-234F3E63",null,null,"Crimea.",null,null,"Erithacus rubecula valens"],["27531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula caucasicus","Buturlin, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Türkiye eastward to the Caucasus region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-836BA50B",null,null,"Caucasus and Transcaucasus.","Neue Formen aus dem Kaukasus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/27/mode/1up","Erithacus rubecula caucasicus"],["27532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula hyrcanus","Blanford, 1874","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.13 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Azerbaijan and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47432A79",null,null,"Ghilan Province, Persia.","Notes on the Synonymy of some Indian and Persian Birds, with Descriptions of two new Species from Persia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/105/mode/1up","Erithacus hyrcanus"],["27533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Erithacus rubecula tataricus","Grote, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Siberia (Ural Mountains to Semipalatinsk); winters to Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE46EA29",null,null,"Orenbourg District, Urals.","Erithacus rubecula tataricus nov. subsp..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0050-0054.pdf#page=3","Erithacus rubecula tataricus"],["27534","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Swynnertonia","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Erythracus swynnertoni [Shelley, 1906]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/314/mode/1up","Swynnertonia"],["27535","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Swynnertonia swynnertoni","(Shelley, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.125","Swynnerton's Robin","Swynnerton's Robin","Swynnerton's Robin",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane forest understory from northeastern central Tanzania southward to eastern Zimbabwe and northern and central Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709616","swyrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swyrob1","avibase-3622BD28",null,null,"Chirinda Forest, Mashonaland.","On two new species from Gazaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/151/mode/1up","Erythracus swynnertoni"],["27536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Swynnertonia swynnertoni swynnertoni","(Shelley, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9648DDE6",null,null,"Chirinda Forest, Mashonaland.","On two new species from Gazaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/151/mode/1up","Erythracus swynnertoni"],["27537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Swynnertonia swynnertoni rodgersi","Jensen & Stuart, 1982","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania (Udzungwa Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C639201",null,null,"in Mwanihana Forest, Uzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, 1000 m","New subspecies of forest birds from Tanzania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/316/mode/1up","Swynnertonia swynnertoni rodgersi"],["27538","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa stellata [Vieillot, 1818]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/322/mode/1up","Pogonocichla"],["27539","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.468","White-starred Robin","White-starred Robin","White-starred Robin",null,null,"breeds in evergreen forest with thickets, montane in north to lowlands in south, of eastern and southeastern Africa from far southeastern South Sudan and the Albertine Rift southward through southern South Africa; non-breeders often migrate altitudinally, and farther southward may make medium-range movements",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709611","whsrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsrob1","avibase-230A0342",null,null,"'L'Etoile' Plettenberg Bay, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/478/mode/1up","Muscicapa stellata"],["27540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata pallidiflava","Cunningham-Van Someren & Schifter, 1981","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101, no.3 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Imatong Mountains (southeastern South Sudan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B68578CE",null,null,"Gilo, Imatong Mountain, Southern Sudan, 4 02'N, 32 51'E, 2100 m","New races of montane birds from Kenya and southern Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/128/mode/1up","Pogonocichla stellata pallidiflava"],["27541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata intensa","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Kenya to northern Tanzania (except for Chyulu and Taita hills of southeastern Kenya and Pare Mountains, Mount Meru and Mount Kilimanjaro of northern Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B56A524C",null,null,"Ntebi [= Entebbe] , 3,800 ft., Uganda, errore = Mau, Kenya, vide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1941, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 61, p. 38.","[Description of two apparently new species of birds from Sir Harry Johnston's collection].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/225/mode/1up","Pogonocichla intensa"],["27542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata ruwenzorii","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Albertine Rift of Kivu region (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo), southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E86E5E9F",null,null,"East Ruwenzori, 6,000-9,000 ft., [= Mubuku Valley, western Uganda, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., 2, p. 487].","On three new species from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/457/mode/1up","Tarsiger ruwenzorii"],["27543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata elgonensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Mt. Elgon region (border of east-central Uganda with west-central Kenya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28092348",null,null,"Mount Elgon.","Exhibition of a new species of Flycatcher from British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/85/mode/1up","Tarsiger elgonensis"],["27544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata guttifer","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Meru and Mount Kilimanjaro (far north-central Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A0D5BEE",null,null,"Kifinika, 3,000 m., Kilimanjaro.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/92/mode/1up","Tarsiger guttifer"],["27545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata macarthuri","Van Someren, 1939","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14 (1-2) p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Chyulu Hills (southeastern Kenya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32FC054D",null,null,"Chyulu Range.","The Birds of the Chyulu Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206396#page/111/mode/1up","Pogonocichla stellata macarthuri"],["27546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata helleri","Mearns, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.20 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Taita Hills (far southeastern Kenya) and Pare Mountains (far northeastern Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15E0450F",null,null,"Mount Mbololo summit, 4,400 ft., British East Africa.","Descriptions of ten new African birds of the genera Pogonocichla, Cossypha, Bradypterus, Sylvietta, Melaniparus and Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/599/mode/1up","Pogonocichla cucullata helleri"],["27547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata orientalis","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern to northeastern Tanzania (except Pare Mountains, Mount Meru, and Mount Kilimanjaro of northern Tanzania) to Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD95F117",null,null,"Pangani (Küstengebiet).","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/69/mode/1up","Tarsiger orientalis"],["27548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata transvaalensis","(Roberts, 1912)","The Journal of the South African Ornithologists' Union 8 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa (Limpopo) and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C31B127",null,null,"Woodbush, Transvaal.","Description of a new Flycatcher (Tarsiger stellatus transvaalensis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38493#page/43/mode/1up","Tarsiger stellatus transvaalensis"],["27549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pogonocichla stellata stellata","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern South Africa (from southern Western Cape to Free State and KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C3AE4BF",null,null,"'L'Etoile' Plettenberg Bay, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/478/mode/1up","Muscicapa stellata"],["27550","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Stiphrornis erythrothorax [Hartlaub, 1855]; type by original designation",null,"Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, holländischem Residenten an der Goldküste, daselbst gesammelten Vögelarten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/367/mode/1up","Stiphrornis"],["27551","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus","Schmidt & Angehr, 2008","Zootaxa 1850 27-42","Olive-backed Forest Robin","Olive-backed Forest Robin","Olive-backed Forest-robin","2025-0200","Taxa <em>pyrrholaemus </em>(monotypic) and <em>mabirae </em>(polytypic, including <em>sanghensis</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>Stiphrornis erythrothorax</em> (polytypic, including <em>gabonensis</em>, <em>dahomeyensis, inexpectatus</em>, and <em>xanthogaster</em>) based on plumage and genetics (Beresford &amp; Cracraft 1999; Schmidt et al. 2008; Voelker et al. 2013, 2017). Sometimes treated as five species, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data have revealed three deeply diverged lineages within this complex (Voelker et al. 2017) consistent with a 3-species treatment. Further bioacoustic and genetic research is needed to better define distributional and taxonomic limits within this complex.","lowland primary forest understory in Gabon and southwestern Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735640","forrob6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forrob6","avibase-E3760281",null,null,"northwest corner of N’dogo Lagoon within Moukalaba–Doudou National Park, Ogooue Maritime Province, Gabon (2°25’14”S, 10°14’04”E); elevation < 200m; collected on 14 Apr 2003 by Brian K. Schmidt","A new species of African Forest Robin from Gabon (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae: Stiphrornis)","http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01850p042.pdf","Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus"],["27552","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis mabirae","Jackson, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.85","Yellow-breasted Forest Robin","Yellow-breasted Forest Robin",null,"2025-0200","Taxa <em>pyrrholaemus </em>(monotypic) and <em>mabirae </em>(polytypic, including <em>sanghensis</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>Stiphrornis erythrothorax</em> (polytypic, including <em>gabonensis</em>, <em>dahomeyensis, inexpectatus</em>, and <em>xanthogaster</em>) based on plumage and genetics (Beresford &amp; Cracraft 1999; Schmidt et al. 2008; Voelker et al. 2013, 2017). Sometimes treated as five species, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data have revealed three deeply diverged lineages within this complex (Voelker et al. 2017) consistent with a 3-species treatment. Further bioacoustic and genetic research is needed to better define distributional and taxonomic limits within this complex.","lowland to montane understory of Congolian rainforest, and forest patches in savanna, from northern Republic of Congo, possibly southwestern Central African Republic, and eastward to southern South Sudan and western Uganda, southward to central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Tanzania; reported western Kenya",null,null,null,"forrob4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forrob4","avibase-2455B82B",null,null,"Mabira Forest, Uganda.","On behalf of Mr. F. J. Jackson, exhibition of an example of a new species of Stiphrornis from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/357/mode/1up","Stiphrornis mabirae"],["27553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis mabirae sanghensis","Beresford & Cracraft, 1999","American Museum Novitates no.3270 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"poorly known; occurs from southwestern Central African Republic eastward at least to north-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-869F1CEF",null,null,"Dzanga-Sangha Dense Forest Reserve (28559N, 168159E, ca. 1 km north of Bayanga, Sangha-Mbae`re´ Prefecture), Central African Republic, on 13 June 1998, by P. Beresford","Speciation in African forest robins (Stiphronis) : species limits, phylogentic relationships, and molecular biology.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3048/","Stiphrornis sanghensis"],["27554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis mabirae mabirae","Jackson, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern South Sudan and western and southern Uganda; western distributional limits not well defined, but presumably extends to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D1C9644",null,null,"Mabira Forest, Uganda.","On behalf of Mr. F. J. Jackson, exhibition of an example of a new species of Stiphrornis from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/357/mode/1up","Stiphrornis mabirae"],["27555","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis erythrothorax","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.355","Orange-breasted Forest Robin","Orange-breasted Forest Robin",null,"2025-0200","Taxa <em>pyrrholaemus </em>(monotypic) and <em>mabirae </em>(polytypic, including <em>sanghensis</em>) are treated as species separate from <em>Stiphrornis erythrothorax</em> (polytypic, including <em>gabonensis</em>, <em>dahomeyensis, inexpectatus</em>, and <em>xanthogaster</em>) based on plumage and genetics (Beresford &amp; Cracraft 1999; Schmidt et al. 2008; Voelker et al. 2013, 2017). Sometimes treated as five species, mitochondrial-dominated DNA data have revealed three deeply diverged lineages within this complex (Voelker et al. 2017) consistent with a 3-species treatment. Further bioacoustic and genetic research is needed to better define distributional and taxonomic limits within this complex.","lowland to foothill understory of Upper Guinea rainforest, gallery forest, and forest patches in savanna, from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to central Nigeria, Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and southern Cameroon, and southward to central and eastern Gabon",null,null,null,"obfrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obfrob1","avibase-0DD78D2A",null,null,"Dabocrom.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/367/mode/1up","Stiphrornis erythrothorax"],["27556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis erythrothorax erythrothorax","Hartlaub, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone eastward to southern Ghana and southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87CA667C",null,null,"Dabocrom.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/367/mode/1up","Stiphrornis erythrothorax"],["27557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis erythrothorax gabonensis","Sharpe, 1883","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7 p.174, pl. VI, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana (except southwest) eastward to central Cameroon and northern Gabon; Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C288A34C",null,null,"Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34300#page/194/mode/1up","Stiphrornis gabonensis"],["27558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis erythrothorax dahomeyensis","Voelker, Tobler, Prestridge et al., 2017","Systematics and Biodiversity 15, vol.2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Benin and southeastern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-112CBA76",null,null,"Lama Forest, Kou Department, Benin (6°57.61'N, 2°10.12'E), primary forest second growth at edge of Teak plantation, elevation 100 m","Three new species of Stiphrornis (Aves: Muscicapidae) from the Afro-tropics, with a molecular phylogenetic assessment of the genus","https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14772000.2016.1226978","Stiphrornis dahomeyensis"],["27559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis erythrothorax inexpectatus","Voelker, Tobler, Prestridge et al., 2017","Systematics and Biodiversity 15, vol.2 p.91 [87-104]",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED0EC15C",null,null,"from 30 km south of Assin Foso, Central Region, Ghana (5º20.30'N, 1º13.58'W), secondary forest; collected 23 February 2000 by Robert G. Moyle","Three new species of Stiphrornis (Aves: Muscicapidae) from the Afro-tropics, with a molecular phylogenetic assessment of the genus","https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14772000.2016.1226978","Stiphrornis inexpectatus"],["27560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Stiphrornis erythrothorax xanthogaster","Sharpe, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"poorly known; documented from southeastern Cameroon, but presumably also in adjacent northeastern Gabon and northwestern Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B34D574",null,null,"River Ja.","On four new species of birds from the Camaroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/499/mode/1up","Stiphrornis xanthogaster"],["27561","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossyphicula","Grote, 1934","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band2 no.(7 or 8) p.311",null,null,null,"2025-0208","Previously placed in <em>Cossypha</em>, multilocus DNA data (Zhao et al. 2023) indicate that taxon <em>isabellae </em>(monotypic) should be placed within <em>Cossyphicula</em>, while taxa <em>archeri, anomalus, caffer</em>, and <em>humeralis </em>are placed in <em>Dessonornis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Callene roberti [Alexander, 1903]; type by monotypy",null,"Ueber einige Cossypha-Arten","https://www.zobodat.at/publikation_articles.php?id=205418","Cossyphicula"],["27562","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossyphicula roberti","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.37","White-bellied Robin-Chat","White-bellied Robin-Chat","White-bellied Robin-chat",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest understory in eastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) and in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Rwanda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709770","wbrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbrcha1","avibase-F95998A8",null,null,"Bakaki, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/409/mode/1up","Callene roberti"],["27563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossyphicula roberti roberti","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BBC391C",null,null,"Bakaki, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/409/mode/1up","Callene roberti"],["27564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossyphicula roberti rufescentior","(Hartert, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DC1683E",null,null,"forest west of Lake Albert Edward.","Exhibition and description of new forms of birds from Africa, India, and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/381/mode/1up","Cossypha roberti rufescentior"],["27565","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossyphicula isabellae","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.443","Mountain Robin-Chat","Mountain Robin-Chat","Mountain Robin-chat",null,null,"mid-elevation and montane forest understory and wooded ravines from eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon southward to southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709763","morcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/morcha1","avibase-DB856F78",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain, 7,000 feet.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/459/mode/1up","Cossypha Isabellae"],["27566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossyphicula isabellae batesi","(Bannerman, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2D9F965",null,null,"Banso Mountains, north of Kumbo, 6,000 ft., highlands of Nigerian-Cameroons boundary.","Short account of results of Mr. G. L. Bates's Expedition in the Western Cameroon-Nigerian Highlands, with description of four new species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/352/mode/1up","Callene batesi"],["27567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossyphicula isabellae isabellae","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-575FED34",null,null,"Cameroon Mountain, 7,000 feet.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/459/mode/1up","Cossypha Isabellae"],["27568","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas","Heine, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 7, no.42 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Geocichla compsonota [Cassin, 1859]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Catalogue of Birds collected on the rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. du Chailluin 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species by John Cassin","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50195#page/435/mode/1up","Chamaetylas"],["27569","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas fuelleborni","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.99","White-chested Alethe","White-chested Alethe","White-chested Alethe",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest understory from northeastern Tanzania southward to Malawi, and disjunctly in coastal central Mozambique; some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709000","whcale1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcale1","avibase-4ACA4C5C",null,null,"Peroto-Ngosi, Tandalla.","Neues aus Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/117/mode/1up","Alethe fülleborni"],["27570","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas choloensis","(Sclater, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.86","Thyolo Alethe","Thyolo Alethe","Thyolo Alethe",null,null,"patchy in montane evergreen forest understory, and miombo woodland, in southern Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709004","choale1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/choale1","avibase-68B8466C",null,null,"Cholo Mountain, Nyasaland.","Descriptions of three new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/122/mode/1up","Alethe choloensis"],["27571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas choloensis choloensis","(Sclater, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern Malawi and adjacent Mozambique (Mt. Chiperone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8B94392",null,null,"Cholo Mountain, Nyasaland.","Descriptions of three new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/122/mode/1up","Alethe choloensis"],["27572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas choloensis namuli","(Vincent, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mozambique (Namuli massif)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CE0A2E0",null,null,"Namuli Mountain, Quelimane Province, Portuguese East Africa.","Descriptions of four new species and eighteen new subspecies collected during the recent Portuguese East African Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/176/mode/1up","Alethe choloensis namuli"],["27573","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliophrys","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.10","Red-throated Alethe","Red-throated Alethe","Red-throated Alethe",null,null,"montane forest understory and bamboo thickets from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda southward to Burundi and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708996","retale1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retale1","avibase-F71CDDC8",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/380/mode/1up","Alethe poliophrys"],["27574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliophrys poliophrys","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-035C3CEC",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/380/mode/1up","Alethe poliophrys"],["27575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliophrys kaboboensis","(Prigogine, 1957)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 55 (1-2) p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A77FE763",null,null,"Mount Kabobo (lat. 5° 8' S., long. 29° 3' E.), 1,600 m.","Trois nouveaux oiseaux de l'est du Congo belge.",null,"Alethe poliophrys kaboboensis"],["27576","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.262","Brown-chested Alethe","Brown-chested Alethe","Brown-chested Alethe",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest understory, rainforest, and gallery forest, from southwestern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward through Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to western Kenya, thence southward to northwestern Angola and southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708992","brcale1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcale1","avibase-8B7A6FE9",null,null,"Africa occ. [= Fernando Po Island] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/414/mode/1up","Trichophorus (Criniger) poliocephalus"],["27577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala poliocephala","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B67132ED",null,null,"Africa occ. [= Fernando Po Island] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/414/mode/1up","Trichophorus (Criniger) poliocephalus"],["27578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala compsonota","(Cassin, 1859)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria and Cameroon to northwestern Angola (Quicolungo); Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-327A3EBB",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/60/mode/1up","Geokichla compsonota"],["27579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala hallae","(Traylor, 1961)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.3 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola (Gabela escarpment of Cuanza Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9163A544",null,null,"15 km. south of Gabela, Cuanza Sul, Angola.","Two new birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/74/mode/1up","Alethe poliocephala hallae"],["27580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala giloensis","(Cunningham-Van Someren & Schifter, 1981)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101, no.3 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan (Imatong Mountains), population in adjacent northeastern Uganda presumably also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE8B6130",null,null,"Gilo, Imatong Mountain, Southern Sudan, 4 02'N, 32 51'E, 2100 m","New races of montane birds from Kenya and southern Sudan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/130/mode/1up","Alethe poliocephala giloensis"],["27581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala carruthersi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Central African Republic eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFA96432",null,null,"150 miles west of Entebbe, 5,000 ft.","Description of new species from Mount Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/449/mode/1up","Alethe carruthersi"],["27582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala akeleyae","(Dearborn, 1909)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.4 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya east of the Rift Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33AF1EA9",null,null,"Mount Kenya.","Catalogue of a collection of birds from British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20392#page/38/mode/1up","Alethe akeleyae"],["27583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala vandeweghei","(Prigogine, 1984)","Le Gerfaut 74, no.2 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwanda and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-802D24D0",null,null,"Bururi Forest Nature Reserve, Burundi (cf. Birdlife factsheet)","L'Alèthe à poitrine brune, Alethe poliocephala, au Rwanda et au Burundi.",null,"Alethe poliocephala vandeweghei"],["27584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala kungwensis","(Moreau, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahari Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5031F457",null,null,"forest above Ujamba, 6,900 ft., Kungwe Mountain.","New Races of Pink-footed Puff-back and Brown-chested Alethe and a new Species of Bush-Warbler from Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/74/mode/1up","Alethe poliocephala kungwensis"],["27585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Chamaetylas poliocephala ufipae","(Moreau, 1942)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania (Ufipa Plateau) and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39A05723",null,null,"Mbisi Forest, ca. 8,000 ft.","A new Race of Brown-chested Alethe from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/80/mode/1up","Alethe poliocephala ufipae"],["27586","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.7 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus vociferans [Swainson, 1823]; type by original designation = Muscicapa dichroa J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,"Sketches in ornithology; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/424/mode/1up","Cossypha"],["27587","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha heinrichi","Rand, 1955","Fieldiana Zoology 34 p.327","White-headed Robin-Chat","White-headed Robin-Chat","White-headed Robin-chat",null,null,"disjunctly and local in dense forest understory, and gallery forest in savanna, in southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709840","whrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrcha1","avibase-B175F364",null,null,"about 30 km. northeast of Duque de Braganza, Angola.","A new species of thrush from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20860#page/7/mode/1up","Cossypha heinrichi"],["27588","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha cyanocampter","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.301","Blue-shouldered Robin-Chat","Blue-shouldered Robin-Chat","Blue-shouldered Robin-chat",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest understory, wooded ravines, and coastal thickets, from eastern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to Central African Republic, and southward to Gabon and western Republic of the Congo, and from southern South Sudan southward to Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709803","bsrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bsrcha1","avibase-9616C96E",null,null,"'Patria ignota [= Dabokrom, Gold Coast, apud Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westaf r., p. 76] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/473/mode/1up","B[essonornis] cyanocampter"],["27589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha cyanocampter cyanocampter","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Mali, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CCC26BB",null,null,"'Patria ignota [= Dabokrom, Gold Coast, apud Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westaf r., p. 76] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/473/mode/1up","B[essonornis] cyanocampter"],["27590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha cyanocampter bartteloti","Shelley, 1890","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.6 p.159, pl. V, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6C2E99F",null,null,"Yambuya.","On a Collection of Birds made by the late Mr. J. S. Jameson on the Aruwhimi River, Upper Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/187/mode/1up","Cossypha bartteloti"],["27591","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha albicapillus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.254","White-crowned Robin-Chat","White-crowned Robin-Chat","White-crowned Robin-chat",null,null,"lowland to montane riverine thickets, wooded dry savanna, and gallery forest, from Senegambia eastward to northern Cameroon, western Central African Republic, and southern Chad, and in southeastern South Sudan and western Ethiopia; some movement in the Sahel with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709853","wcrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wcrcha1","avibase-FA3C53B8",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/272/mode/1up","Turdus albicapillus"],["27592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha albicapillus albicapillus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-579CC98A",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/272/mode/1up","Turdus albicapillus"],["27593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha albicapillus giffardi","Hartert, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana to Nigeria, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0586004",null,null,"Gambaga, Gold Coast hinterland.","New species from the Gold Coast Hinterland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/37/mode/1up","Cossypha giffardi"],["27594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha albicapillus omoensis","Sharpe, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-362D8DA5",null,null,"Omo River, Equatorial Africa.","[Description of several new species of birds from Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/186/mode/1up","Cossypha omoensis"],["27595","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha dichroa","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.949","Chorister Robin-Chat","Chorister Robin-Chat","Chorister Robin-chat",null,null,"lowland to montane evergreen cloudforest, and coastal forest, in eastern and southern South Africa, and in Lesotho and Eswatini; partial altitudinal migrant",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709834","chrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chrcha1","avibase-68C54292",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/450/mode/1up","Muscicapa dichroa"],["27596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha dichroa dichroa","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.949",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of eastern and southern South Africa and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D062B4B1",null,null,"South Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/450/mode/1up","Muscicapa dichroa"],["27597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha dichroa mimica","Clancey, 1981","Durban Museum Novitates 13 pt1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (eastern Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25D48750",null,null,"Entabeni Forest Reserve, Zoutpansberg, northern Transvaal. 10 October, 1974. Collected by P.A.Clancey.; 1st year female","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. LX. [2.] Variation in the Chorister Robin Cossypha dichroa (Gmelin), 1789.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2161","Cossypha dichroa mimica"],["27598","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha heuglini","Hartlaub, 1866","Journal für Ornithologie 14, no.79 p.36","White-browed Robin-Chat","White-browed Robin-Chat","White-browed Robin-chat",null,null,"lowland to montane forest edge, termitaria thickets in riverine forest, and acacia woodland, from northern Cameroon and southern Chad eastward to Ethiopia and Somalia, thence southward to western Angola and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709822","wbrcha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbrcha2","avibase-16BD42DD",null,null,"'Keren' [error = Wau, Bahr el Ghazal, fide Heuglin, 1869, Orn. Nordost. Afr., 1, p. 375].","Zwei neue afrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103185#page/48/mode/1up","Cossypha heuglini"],["27599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha heuglini subrufescens","Bocage, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to northern Angola and far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-926E0A16",null,null,"Caconda.","Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/516/mode/1up","Cossypha subrufescens"],["27600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha heuglini heuglini","Hartlaub, 1866","Journal für Ornithologie 14, no.79 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chad, western Sudan, and Central African Republic eastward to Ethiopia, and southward to Angola, northern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ADF8F9A",null,null,"'Keren' [error = Wau, Bahr el Ghazal, fide Heuglin, 1869, Orn. Nordost. Afr., 1, p. 375].","Zwei neue afrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103185#page/48/mode/1up","Cossypha heuglini"],["27601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha heuglini intermedia","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Somalia southward coastally to northeastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AF3A018",null,null,"inner East Africa.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/428/mode/1up","Bessornis intermedia"],["27602","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha semirufa","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.81","Rüppell's Robin-Chat","Rüppell's Robin-Chat","Rüppell's Robin-Chat",null,null,"foothill to montane evergreen forest understory, riverine thickets, and shrubby gardens, from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and South Sudan southward to southern Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709815","rurcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rurcha1","avibase-53EABB81",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/161/mode/1up","Petrocincla semirufa"],["27603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha semirufa semirufa","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia (except central east), southeastern South Sudan (Boma Hills), and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4BFBBC3",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/161/mode/1up","Petrocincla semirufa"],["27604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha semirufa donaldsoni","Sharpe, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5692083A",null,null,"no locality [= Sheik Husein (Arussi, southcentral Ethiopia), vide Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 484J.","New birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/254/mode/1up","Cossypha donaldsoni"],["27605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha semirufa intercedens","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205, 219-220",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central highlands of Kenya to northern Tanzania (Mount Kilimanjaro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3578A63D",null,null,"Kitui, Ukamba.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Bessornis intercedens"],["27606","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha niveicapilla","(de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Essai d'une nouvelle manière de grouper les genres et les espèces de l'Ordre des Passereaux p.16","Snowy-crowned Robin-Chat","Snowy-crowned Robin-Chat","Snowy-crowned Robin-chat",null,null,"lowland to montane savanna thickets, riverine scrub, and coastal scrub, from southern Mauritania eastward to central Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Angola, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Tanzania, and the Lake Victoria basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709847","scrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrcha1","avibase-BB05D1FC",null,null,"Senegal,",null,null,"Turdus niveicapilla"],["27607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha niveicapilla niveicapilla","(de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Essai d'une nouvelle manière de grouper les genres et les espèces de l'Ordre des Passereaux p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to southern South Sudan and western Ethiopia, southward to southwestern and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern and northeastern Angola, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-629062A9",null,null,"Senegal,",null,null,"Turdus niveicapilla"],["27608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha niveicapilla melanonota","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"Lake Victoria basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-935E350A",null,null,"Chinchoncho on the Loango Coast [= Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo].","[Über die neuerdings eingegangene dritte Sendung des Dr. Falkenstein].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/247/mode/1up","Bessornis melanonota"],["27609","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha natalensis","Smith, 1840","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.12 pl.60,text","Red-capped Robin-Chat","Red-capped Robin-Chat","Red-capped Robin-chat",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest, open woodland in thornbush, and dune forest, from central Nigeria eastward to Ethiopia and western Somalia, southward to northeastern Namibia, southern Mozambique, and eastern and southern South Africa; partial intra-African migrant",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709828","rcrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcrcha1","avibase-3846F8A8",null,null,"neighborhood of Port Natal [= Durban] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/251/mode/1up","Cossypha natalensis"],["27610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha natalensis larischi","Meise, 1958","Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg N.F. 2 (1957) p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0969818",null,null,"Canzele.","Über neue Hühner, Specht und Singvogelrassen von Angola.",null,"Cossypha natalensis larischi"],["27611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha natalensis intensa","Mearns, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.20 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Central African Republic, South Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, and southern Somalia southward to eastern Angola, northeastern South Africa, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18FB3FCC",null,null,"Taveta, British East Africa.","Descriptions of ten new African birds of the genera Pogonocichla, Cossypha, Bradypterus, Sylvietta, Melaniparus and Zosterops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/600/mode/1up","Cossypha natalensis intensa"],["27612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cossypha natalensis natalensis","Smith, 1840","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.12 pl.60,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (Eastern Cape to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69DCD276",null,null,"neighborhood of Port Natal [= Durban] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/251/mode/1up","Cossypha natalensis"],["27613","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cichladusa","Peters, 1863","Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.134",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cichladusa arquata [Peters, W, 1863]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Cichladusa"],["27614","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cichladusa arquata","Peters, 1863","Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.134","Collared Palm Thrush","Collared Palm-Thrush","Collared Palm-thrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill borassus palm savanna, riparian thicket with ivory palm, and gardens with coconut palm, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward through Rwanda and Tanzania to southeastern Kenya, and southward through Zambia and Mozambique to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709864","copthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copthr1","avibase-A0A3B03D",null,null,"Sena, near the Zambezi, Mozambique [reference not verified] .","Charakteristik einer neuen Gattung Singvögel, Cichladusa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/138372#page/144/mode/1up","Cichladusa arquata"],["27615","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cichladusa ruficauda","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.66","Rufous-tailed Palm Thrush","Rufous-tailed Palm-Thrush","Rufous-tailed Palm-thrush",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill ivory palm savanna, oil palm groves, thickets in gallery forest, and dry baobab-acacia woodland, from southern Central African Republic southward through southern Gabon and western Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Angola and far northwestern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709870","rtpthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtpthr1","avibase-A27D752A",null,null,"Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/140/mode/1up","Bradyornis ruficauda"],["27616","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cichladusa guttata","(Heuglin, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.300","Spotted Palm Thrush","Spotted Palm-Thrush","Spotted Palm-thrush",null,null,"lowland to foothill riverine thickets, coastal scrub, and juniper scrub, from eastern South Sudan, central Ethiopia, and southern Somalia southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709876","spmthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spmthr1","avibase-345658E9",null,null,"Bahr el Abiad.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Januar-Heft 1862, S. 24 u. f.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/326/mode/1up","Crateropus guttatus"],["27617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cichladusa guttata guttata","(Heuglin, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and northwestern Kenya (west of Lake Turkana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6FA2124",null,null,"Bahr el Abiad.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Januar-Heft 1862, S. 24 u. f.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/326/mode/1up","Crateropus guttatus"],["27618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cichladusa guttata intercalans","Clancey, 1986","Durban Museum Novitates 14 pt2 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to central Kenya and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81A052D2",null,null,"Arero (or Araro), central Sidamo, southern Ethiopia","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. 67. [6.] Subspeciation in Cichladusa guttata (Heuglin).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_2146","Cichladusa guttata intercalans"],["27619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cichladusa guttata rufipennis","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"littoral of southern Somalia to eastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania (Dar-es-Salaam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BBCAD44",null,null,"coast region of East Africa (Lamu, etc.).","[Description of two new species of East African birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/293/mode/1up","Cichladusa rufipennis"],["27620","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Xenocopsychus","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.81",null,null,null,"2025-0195","Taxon <em>ansorgei </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Xenocopsychus </em>based on morphology (Chapin 1948) and genetics (Zhao et al. 2023).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Xenocopsychus ansorgei [Hartert, E, 1907]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/505/mode/1up","Xenocopsychus"],["27621","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Xenocopsychus ansorgei","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.82","Angola Cave Chat","Angola Cave-Chat","Angola Cave-chat","2025-0195","Taxon <em>ansorgei </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Xenocopsychus </em>based on morphology (Chapin 1948) and genetics (Zhao et al. 2023).","patchy in foothill to submontane rocky escarpments with scattered trees and thickets, brushy outcrops, and boulder-strewn gorges with thick thornbush, in western Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709858","anccha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anccha1","avibase-70F693B6",null,null,"Lobango, Mossamedes [=Moçâmedes, Angola]","Description of new genera, species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/506/mode/1up","Xenocopsychus ansorgei"],["27622","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.46",null,null,null,"2025-0208","Previously placed in <em>Cossypha</em>, multilocus DNA data (Zhao et al. 2023) indicate that taxon <em>isabellae </em>(monotypic) should be placed within <em>Cossyphicula</em>, while taxa <em>archeri, anomalus, caffer</em>, and <em>humeralis </em>are placed in <em>Dessonornis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dessonornis humeralis [Smith]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/126/mode/1up","Dessonornis"],["27623","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis humeralis","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.46","White-throated Robin-Chat","White-throated Robin-Chat","White-throated Robin-chat",null,null,"lowland to foothill dense woodland understory, riparian and sand-forest edge, thickets on termitaria, and gardens, from central Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique southward to southeastern Botswana, eastern South Africa, and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709797","wtrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtrcha1","avibase-94932CDC",null,null,"banks of the Marikwa [= Marico River, western Transvaal].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/126/mode/1up","Dessonornis humeralis"],["27624","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis caffer","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.527","Cape Robin-Chat","Cape Robin-Chat","Cape Robin-chat",null,null,"lowland to montane wooded grassland, bracken-brier edges of forest, plantations, and gardens, from southern South Sudan, Uganda, and northern Kenya southward through eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique to South Africa, and adjacent southern Namibia; altitudinal migrant locally",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709791","carcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carcha1","avibase-A38BABE1",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Motacilla caffra"],["27625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis caffer iolaemus","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya southward to Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76552277",null,null,"Kilimanjaro.","Zur Tierverbreitung in Afrika II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/23/mode/1up","Cossypha caffra iolaema"],["27626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis caffer kivuensis","(Schouteden, 1937)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 30 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu highlands) and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65436BB1",null,null,"Kivu.","Quatre oiseaux du Kivu.",null,"Cossypha caffra kivuensis"],["27627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis caffer caffer","(Linnaeus, 1771)","Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II p.527",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern to eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2937B34",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=947","Motacilla caffra"],["27628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis caffer namaquensis","(Sclater, 1911)","Ibis ser.9, vol.5, no.19 p.415-416",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Namibia and north-central and central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82ACDCCB",null,null,"Klipfontein.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Claude H. B. Grant at various Localities in South Africa. Part II. With Field-Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258423#page/473/mode/1up","Cossypha caffra namaquensis"],["27629","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis archeri","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.9","Archer's Ground Robin","Archer's Robin-Chat","Archer's Robin-chat",null,null,"montane cloudforest understory, tree-ferns, and alpine giant-heath, from western Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to western Rwanda and western Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709778","arrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arrcha1","avibase-96D9A285",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/379/mode/1up","Cossypha archeri"],["27630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis archeri archeri","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Burundi, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39B8DFE6",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/379/mode/1up","Cossypha archeri"],["27631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis archeri kimbutui","(Prigogine, 1955)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 52 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4309D1B4",null,null,"Mount Kabobo (lat. 5° 8' S., long. 29° 2' E.).","Une nouvelle race de Bessonornis archeri du Congo belge.",null,"Bessonornis archeri kimbutui"],["27632","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis anomalus","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.14","Olive-flanked Ground Robin","Olive-flanked Robin-Chat",null,"2025-0207","Taxa <em>mbuluensis </em>(monotypic) and <em>macclounii</em> (polytypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Dessonornis anomalus</em> based on available evidence. Vocal differences appear to be minor and suggestions of a deeply divergent song type in <em>mbuluensis </em>requires documentation; formal bioacoustic and genetic analyses required.","patchy in mid-elevation and montane cloudforest understory and wooded ravines from northern and eastern Tanzania southward to northeastern Zambia, northern Malawi, and north-central Mozambique",null,null,null,"ofrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ofrcha1","avibase-CB6410F3",null,null,"Milanji Plateau.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/44/mode/1up","Callene anomala"],["27633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis anomalus grotei","(Reichenow, 1932)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 19 Heft4 p.585",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14BF752D",null,null,"Uluguru, Morogoro District",null,null,"Bessonornis grotei"],["27634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis anomalus anomalus","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"mounts Mulanje (southern Malawi) and Namuli, and and Chiperone Mountains (northern Mozambique)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87286CEB",null,null,"Milanji Plateau.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/44/mode/1up","Callene anomala"],["27635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis anomalus macclounii","(Shelley, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania (Tukuyu District) to northern Malawi (Viphya Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18B3E587",null,null,"Nwenembe.","On six new birds from Nyasa-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/435/mode/1up","Callene macclounii"],["27636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Dessonornis anomalus mbuluensis","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1937)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Tanzania (Mbulu region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63CF0D74",null,null,"Nou Forest, 7,000 ft., Mbulu District, Tanganyika.","On the Races of the White-throated Robin-Chat.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/120/mode/1up","Bessonornis macclounii mbuluensis"],["27637","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia","Haagner, 1909","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1, no.3 p.180, pl.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sheppardia gunningi [Haagner, 1909]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of two new species of Flycatchers from Portuguese South-east Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203520#page/248/mode/1up","Sheppardia"],["27638","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia montana","(Reichenow, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.30","Usambara Akalat","Usambara Akalat","Usambara Akalat",null,null,"foothill to montane forest understory in West Usambara Mountains (northeastern Tanzania)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709659","usaaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/usaaka1","avibase-F6E72DBC",null,null,"Usambara [Tanzania]","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/48/mode/1up","Alethe montana"],["27639","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia lowei","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.61","Iringa Akalat","Iringa Akalat","Iringa Akalat",null,null,"submontane to montane forest understory in south-central and southwestern Tanzania highlands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709667","iriaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/iriaka1","avibase-44A7DA22",null,null,"Njombe area, southern Tanganyika.","A new Alethe from Tanganyika Territory ; a new Race of Sparrow Lark from the Sudan ; and a new Race of Yellow-bellied Eremomela from Angola'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/89/mode/1up","Alethe lowei"],["27640","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia aurantiithorax","Beresford, Fjeldså & Kiure, 2004","The Auk 121, no.1 p.25-34,InsideFrontCover","Rubeho Akalat","Rubeho Akalat","Rubeho Akalat",null,null,"submontane to montane forest understory in central Tanzania highlands",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735022","rubaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubaka1","avibase-CDFAB323",null,null,"Mafwemiro Forest (6°49’59”S, 36°33’37”E) in the Rubeho Mountains of Tanzania on 23 February 2000 by J. Kiure","A New Species of Akalat (Sheppardia) Narrowly Endemic in the Eastern Arc of Tanzania","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/121/1/23/5561907","Sheppardia aurantiithorax"],["27641","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia cyornithopsis","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.4","Lowland Akalat","Lowland Akalat","Lowland Akalat",null,null,"patchily distributed in lowland to montane forest understory from Siera Leone eastward to Gabon and Republic of the Congo, and from western Uganda southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709637","lowaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lowaka1","avibase-65C6355E",null,null,"Efulen, Kamerun.","New birds from the Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/260/mode/1up","Callene cyornithopsis"],["27642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia cyornithopsis houghtoni","Bannerman, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of Guinea to Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8747BA00",null,null,"Sugarloaf Forest, near Freetown, Sierra Leone.","Description of a new race of Akalat from Sierra Leone.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/162/mode/1up","Sheppardia cyornithopsis houghtoni"],["27643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia cyornithopsis cyornithopsis","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of southern Cameroon and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69404C97",null,null,"Efulen, Kamerun.","New birds from the Cameroons.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/260/mode/1up","Callene cyornithopsis"],["27644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia cyornithopsis lopezi","(Alexander, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCA757E4",null,null,"Libokwa, Welle River.","Exhibition of six new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/470/mode/1up","Callene lopezi"],["27645","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia gabela","(Rand, 1957)","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.41","Gabela Akalat","Gabela Akalat","Gabela Akalat",null,null,"foothill primary and secondary forest understory, and overgrown coffee plantations, along west-central Angola escarpment",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709655","gabaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gabaka1","avibase-F82D1379",null,null,"15 kilometers south of Gabela, Angola.","Two new species of birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20888#page/7/mode/1up","Muscicapa gabela"],["27646","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia aequatorialis","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.46","Equatorial Akalat","Equatorial Akalat","Equatorial Akalat",null,null,"foothill and montane forest understory from southern South Sudan and northern Uganda southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi, and eastward to western Kenya and adjacent eastern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709642","equaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/equaka1","avibase-C25F57BD",null,null,"Kericho, Lumbwa.","Exhibition of a new species of Callene from Lumbwa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/72/mode/1up","Callene aequatorialis"],["27647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia aequatorialis acholiensis","Macdonald, 1940","Ibis ser.14, vol.4, no.4 p.670",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan (Imatong Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1A599E9",null,null,"Kitibol, Acholi Hills, Imatong, South Sudan","The Genus Sheppardia.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01679.x","Sheppardia aequatorialis acholiensis"],["27648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia aequatorialis aequatorialis","(Jackson, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, Burundi, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47D679A1",null,null,"Kericho, Lumbwa.","Exhibition of a new species of Callene from Lumbwa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/72/mode/1up","Callene aequatorialis"],["27649","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia gunningi","Haagner, 1909","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1, no.3 p.180, plate","East Coast Akalat","East Coast Akalat","East Coast Akalat",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill understory of evergreen forest from southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania, including Unguja (Zanzibar), southward through northwestern Malawi to northern and central Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709650","eacaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eacaka1","avibase-3E4783BA",null,null,"Mzimbiti, near Beira. Portuguese South East Africa [Mozambique]","Descriptions of two new species of Flycatchers from Portuguese South-east Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203520#page/248/mode/1up","Sheppardia gunningi"],["27650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia gunningi sokokensis","(Van Someren, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal and riverine forest of southeastern Kenya to eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27BE329F",null,null,"Sokoke Forest, coast of British East Africa.","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, descriptions of new East African species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/155/mode/1up","Callene sokokensis"],["27651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia gunningi alticola","Fjeldså, Roy & Kiure, 2000","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 120 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania (Nguu Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24E6782F",null,null,"Lulago Forest in Nguu Mts (5°34’S, 37°28°W), 27 November 1996","A new montane subspecies of Sheppardia gunningi (East-coast Akalat) from Tanzania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123705#page/35/mode/1up","Sheppardia gunningi alticola"],["27652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia gunningi bensoni","Kinnear, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northwestern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EE334B7",null,null,"near Nkata Bay, Chinteche District, West Nyasa District, Nyasaland.","Description of a new species of Sheppardia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/176/mode/1up","Sheppardia bensoni"],["27653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia gunningi gunningi","Haagner, 1909","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1, no.3 p.180, plate",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7492F54E",null,null,"Mzimbiti, near Beira. Portuguese South East Africa [Mozambique]","Descriptions of two new species of Flycatchers from Portuguese South-east Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203520#page/248/mode/1up","Sheppardia gunningi"],["27654","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia sharpei","(Shelley, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.60","Sharpe's Akalat","Sharpe's Akalat","Sharpe's Akalat",null,null,"patchy in dense understory of montane forest from northeastern and central Tanzania to northern Malawi and adjacent Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709646","shaaka1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shaaka1","avibase-9B35BE95",null,null,"Masisi Hill.","On six new birds from Nyasa-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/434/mode/1up","Callene sharpei"],["27655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia sharpei usambarae","Macdonald, 1940","Ibis ser.14, vol.4, no.4 p.669",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania (Usambara Mountains and Nguru Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2097026",null,null,"Amani Forest, Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika Territory [Tanzania]","The Genus Sheppardia.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01679.x","Sheppardia sharpei usambarae"],["27656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia sharpei sharpei","(Shelley, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southwestern Tanzania to Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13E84BFB",null,null,"Masisi Hill.","On six new birds from Nyasa-Land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/434/mode/1up","Callene sharpei"],["27657","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia polioptera","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.59","Grey-winged Robin-Chat","Gray-winged Robin-Chat","Grey-winged Akalat","2025-0196","Taxon <em>polioptera </em>(polytypic) is placed in <em>Sheppardia </em>based on genetics (Beresford 2003; Sangster et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2023). Although previously placed in <em>Cossypha</em>, multilocus data (Zhao et al. 2023) provide strong support for this alternative placement.","disjunctly in lowland and foothill forest understory from eastern Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to eastern Cameroon and adjacent western Central African Republic, and in northern Angola, and from southern South Sudan and western Kenya southward to western Tanzania and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709809","gywroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gywroc1","avibase-25C26AB9",null,null,"Bukoba, Victoria Nyanza.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/73/mode/1up","Cossypha polioptera"],["27658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia polioptera polioptera","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, eastern and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, northwestern Tanzania, northern Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AF8F76D",null,null,"Bukoba, Victoria Nyanza.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/73/mode/1up","Cossypha polioptera"],["27659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia polioptera nigriceps","(Reichenow, 1910)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43632B33",null,null,"Genderu Mountains, Cameroons.","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/21/mode/1up","Cossypha nigriceps"],["27660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia polioptera tessmanni","(Reichenow, 1921)","Journal für Ornithologie 69, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE7FC3EC",null,null,"Upper Kadei River, Cameroons.","Neue Vogelarten aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43096#page/59/mode/1up","Cossypha tessmanni"],["27661","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia bocagei","(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.284","Bocage's Akalat","Bocage's Akalat","Bocage's Akalat","2025-0199","Taxon <em>poensis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sheppardia bocagei </em>(polytypic) based on obvious differences in vocalizations but a formal bioacoustic analysis would be desirable.","disjunctly in foothill and montane forest understory in western Angola, and in western Tanzania, and in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent northern Zambia and southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103766783","bocaka11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bocaka11","avibase-CD0DE547",null,null,"Mossamedes Province [=Moçâmedes, Angola] [= Biballa, vide Barboza du Bocage, 1881, Orn. Angola, p. 259].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/306/mode/1up","Cossypha bocagei"],["27662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia bocagei ilyai","(Prigogine, 1987)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 107, no.2 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (east of Mt. Kungwe, Mahale Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E359C3C",null,null,"Upper Niamezi (=Nyamanzi) River (5°55’S, 30°55’E), western Tanzania, 25 September 1943","Non-conspecificity of Cossypha insulana Grote and Cossypha bocagei Finsch & Hartlaub, with the description of a new subspecies of Cossypha bocagei from western Tanzania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/84/mode/1up","Cossypha bocagei ilyai"],["27663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia bocagei chapini","(Benson, 1955)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.8 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and north-central Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4BF34C7",null,null,"Mporokoso, Northern Rhodesia.","New Forms of Pipit, Longclaw, Robin-Chat, Grass-Warbler, Sunbird, Quail-Finch and Canary from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/150/mode/1up","Cossypha bocagei chapini"],["27664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia bocagei bocagei","(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"western highlands of Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DF743CC",null,null,"Mossamedes Province [=Moçâmedes, Angola] [= Biballa, vide Barboza du Bocage, 1881, Orn. Angola, p. 259].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/306/mode/1up","Cossypha bocagei"],["27665","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia poensis","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.37","Short-tailed Akalat","Short-tailed Akalat","Short-tailed Akalat","2025-0199","Taxon <em>poensis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sheppardia bocagei </em>(polytypic) based on obvious differences in vocalizations but a formal bioacoustic analysis would be desirable.","disjunctly in foothill and montane forest understory in southwestern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103766866","shtaka2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtaka2","avibase-5F5CE177",null,null,"Bilelipi","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/409/mode/1up","Callene poensis"],["27666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia poensis granti","(Serle, 1949)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.6 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39CD0C08",null,null,"Kupe Mountain (lat. 40° 50' N., long. 9° 40' E.) , 4,500 ft., British Cameroons.","A new Genus and Species of Babbler and New Races of a Wood-Hoopoe, Swift, Barbet, Robin-Chat, Scrub-Warblers and Apalis from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/79/mode/1up","Cossypha insulana granti"],["27667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia poensis poensis","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46E2DE8D",null,null,"Bilelipi","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/409/mode/1up","Callene poensis"],["27668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia poensis kungwensis","(Moreau, 1941)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 61 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Mt. Kungwe, Mahale Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60B1F676",null,null,"Ujamba forest, Kungwe Mountain (7,900 feet), Kigoma District, western Tanganyika.","A new Race of the Pigmy White-browed Robin-Chat and a new Race of the Mountain Greenbul from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125593#page/88/mode/1up","Cossypha polioptera kungwensis"],["27669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia poensis kaboboensis","(Prigogine, 1955)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 52 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DB5B65D",null,null,"Mount Kabobo (lat. 5° 8' S., long. 29° 2'E.), 1,670 m., Kivu, Congo.","Une nouvelle forme de Cossypha bocagei Finsch et Hartlaub de l'est du Congo belge.",null,"Cossypha bocagei kaboboensis"],["27670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Sheppardia poensis schoutedeni","(Prigogine, 1952)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 46 p.409",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (mountains west of Lake Edward to Kivu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-535705B0",null,null,"Lutunguru (lat. 0° 28' S., long. 28° 49' E.) , ca. 1,500 m., Congo.","Quatre nouveaux oiseaux du Congo belge.",null,"Cossypha insulana schoutedeni"],["27671","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Irania","de Filippi, 1863","Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia 2 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Irania finoti [Defilippi, 1863]; type by monotypy = Cossypha gutturalis Guérin-Méneville, 1843  ",null,null,null,"Irania"],["27672","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Irania gutturalis","(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.162","White-throated Robin","White-throated Robin","White-throated Robin",null,null,"breeds Türkiye, southern Caucasus, and Levant eastward to Iran, and from southern Kazakhstan and Tajikistan to western and northern Afghanistan; possibly also central Uzbekistan; winters in northeastern and eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709758","whtrob3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtrob3","avibase-73BD4B29",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Oiseaux nouveaux d'Abyssinie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/170/mode/1up","Cossypha gutturalis"],["27673","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia","Forster, 1817","A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.14",null,null,null,"2025-0177","<em>Cyanecula svecica</em> and <em>Hodgsonius phaenicuroides</em> are placed in an expanded <em>Luscinia </em>based on genetic evidence that the four species form a monophyletic clade (Sangster et al. 2010) that may also include <em>Irania gutturalis</em>. Further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Luscinia aedon [T. Forster, 1817]; type by monotypy = Sylvia luscinia Latham et auct. = Luscinia megarhynchos C.L. Brehm, 1831  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47775#page/26/mode/1up","Luscinia"],["27674","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia luscinia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184","Thrush Nightingale","Thrush Nightingale","Thrush Nightingale",null,null,"breeds northern Eurasia; winters to eastern and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709691","thrnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thrnig1","avibase-6EC66752",null,null,"'Europae frondosis'; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 736.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla Luscinia"],["27675","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia megarhynchos","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.356","Common Nightingale","Common Nightingale","Common Nightingale",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland with thickets, edge of broadleaf woodland, scrubby pinewoods, and dry maquis, from southeastern Britain, Germany, and Poland eastward to Kazakhstan, northwestern China, and western Mongolia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, and southern Iran; winters to western, north-central, and eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709696","comnig1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comnig1","avibase-7C7F0DEE",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/388/mode/1up","Luscinia megarhynchos"],["27676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia megarhynchos megarhynchos","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Europe, northern Africa, and Türkiye; winters in tropical Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04781584",null,null,"Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/388/mode/1up","Luscinia megarhynchos"],["27677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia megarhynchos africana","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Caucasus and eastern Türkiye to southwestern Iran and Iraq; winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8488A94A",null,null,"Lower Arusha, near Kilimanjaro.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/194/mode/1up","Lusciola africana"],["27678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia megarhynchos golzii","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.121 p.79-80",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Aral Sea to Mongolia; winters to coastal eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AB0EB18",null,null,"Turkestan.","[Über eine Sammlung von Vögeln, welche Herr Fedtschenko in Turkestan gemacht].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/91/mode/1up","Luscinia Golzii"],["27679","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia phaenicuroides","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.70,153","White-bellied Redstart","White-bellied Redstart","White-bellied Redstart",null,null,"disjunct and patchy montane undergrowth and scrub adjacent to forest, rhododendron thickets, and scrub juniper at tree-line, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to southern Tibet and central China, and southward to western Myanmar, and in northeastern China, and possibly northwestern Vietnam; downslope dispersal in Himalayas, some winter to northern Thailand and western Laos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710108","whbred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbred1","avibase-789DEC69",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/86/mode/1up","Bradypterus phaenicuroides"],["27680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia phaenicuroides phaenicuroides","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.70,153",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas of Pakistan to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northern Myanmar; winters to lower elevations",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34CE1DB2",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/86/mode/1up","Bradypterus phaenicuroides"],["27681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia phaenicuroides ichangensis","(Stuart Baker, 1922)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas of western China; winters to northern Vietnam and Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8738F249",null,null,"Ichang, Upper Yangtse Valley, China","Descriptions of new subspecies of Sylviidae and Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/424/mode/1up","Hodgsonius phoenicuroides ichangensis"],["27682","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187","Bluethroat","Bluethroat","Bluethroat",null,null,"lowland to montane subalpine scrub, open areas at tree-line, mountain steppe, and riverbank thickets, from northern Scandinavia eastward to eastern Siberia, and northern Alaska and northwestern Canada, and southward to northern Iberia, Caucasus, and northwestern, central, and northeastern China; migrates southward in winter to African Sahel, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Peninsula, and Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709707","blueth","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blueth","avibase-AFD6FD81",null,null,"in Europae alpinis [= Sweden and Lappland, vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 745].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla svecica"],["27683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica svecica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia across Siberia to western Alaska; winters to northern Africa and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4F69FC3",null,null,"in Europae alpinis [= Sweden and Lappland, vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 745].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla svecica"],["27684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica namnetum","Mayaud, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern and central France; winters to northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA9CEAAD",null,null,"Noirmoutier, Vendee.","Description of a new subspecies of the Bluethroat from Western France.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/219/mode/1up","Luscinia svecica namnetum"],["27685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica cyanecula","(Meisner, 1804)","Systematisches Verzeichniss der Vögel, welche die Schweiz entweder bewohnen, oder theils zu bestimmten, theils zu unbestimmten Zeiten besuchen, und sich auf der Gallerie der Bürger-Bibliothek in Bern ausgestopft befinden. p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Netherlands and northern and eastern France to Belarus and northwestern Ukraine; winters to northern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E87B4C4C",null,null,"France, ex Buffon, 1783, pl. en., 6, pl. 361; restricted to Ardennes [restriction not verified].",null,null,"Sylvia Cyanecula"],["27686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica azuricollis","(Rafinesque, 1814)","Précis des découvertes somiologiques ou zoologiques et botaniquesFALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Spain; probably winters sub-Saharan western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E108CD2",null,null,"Camada",null,null,"Sylvia azuricollis"],["27687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica volgae","(Kleinschmidt, 1907)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 3, no.2 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Ukraine and central and eastern European Russia; winters to northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6CE40CC",null,null,"lower Volga ; restricted to Sarpa by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 749.","Über eine Vogelsendung aus Südrussland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55157#page/291/mode/1up","Erithacus volgae"],["27688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica magna","(Zarudny & Loudon, 1904)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 no.5&amp;6 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Türkiye, the Caucasus, and northern Iran; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-463B6D71",null,null,"Bidesar, Arabistan, southwest Persia, nec Philomela magna Blyth, 1833 (Aug.), Rennie's Field Nat., 1, p. 355, substitute name for Sylvia Philomela Bechstein (Temminck MS), 1802; see, also, Blyth, 1833 (May), Rennie's Field Nat., 1, p. 200, here called Philomela major.","Einige neue Subspecies aus Persien und dem transkaspischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/257/mode/1up","Cyanecula wolfi magna"],["27689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica pallidogularis","(Zarudny, 1897)","Materialy k Poznaniiu Fauny i Flory Rossiyskaya Imperiya, Otdel Zool. (1) p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Siberia to Turkmenistan, Altai Mountains, and upper Yenisey; winters to southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-528FD453",null,null,"Orenburg.",null,null,"Cyanecula suecica var. pallidogularis"],["27690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica abbotti","(Richmond, 1896)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1078 p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Pakistan and northwestern India; winters to northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97D026D6",null,null,"Nubra Valley, Ladakh, 10000 feet",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/566/mode/1up","Cyanecula abbotti"],["27691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica saturatior","(Sushkin, 1925)","Spisok i raspredelenie ptits Russkogo Altaia i blizhaishikh chastei Severo-Zapadnoi Mongolii: s opisaniem novykh ili maloizvestnykh form p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan Mountains; winters to southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F97C818",null,null,"moor Djoievo, near Minusinsk; moor near Bijsk, lake Dzhagatai-kul, Uriankhland.",null,null,"Cyanecula svecica saturatior"],["27692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica kobdensis","(Tugarinov, 1929)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes 29[\"1928\"] p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western China (Xinjiang); winters to southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A32CDFB",null,null,"Uliassutai.","The Bluethroats of the Eastern Palearctic.",null,"Cyanosylvia suecica kobdensis"],["27693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Luscinia svecica przevalskii","(Tugarinov, 1929)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes 29[\"1928\"] p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central China (central and eastern Qinghai to Nan Shan and eastward to Ala Shan and Ordos Plateau); winters eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55968211",null,null,"Zagan-bulyk, Ala Shan range.","The Bluethroats of the Eastern Palearctic.",null,"Cyanosylvia suecica przevalskii"],["27694","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope","Gould, 1836","The birds of Europe 2, pt.16 pl.118",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Calliope lathamii [Gould, 1836]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Motacilla calliope Pallas, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132861#page/285/mode/1up","Calliope"],["27695","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope pectardens","David, 1877","Les oiseaux de la Chine 1 p.236","Firethroat","Firethroat","Firethroat",null,null,"breeds mountains of southeastern Tibet to west-central China; winters to northeastern Myanmar",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709724","fireth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fireth1","avibase-AD2D6B14",null,null,"Moupin [= Paohing, eastern Sikang] .","Catalogue des oiseaux de Chine observés dans la partie septentrionale de l'Empire (au nord du fleuve-bleu) de 1862 à 1870.",null,"Calliope pectardens"],["27696","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope obscura","(Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891)","Aves expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et confinia 1884-1887 p.97","Blackthroat","Blackthroat","Blackthroat",null,null,"west-central China (southeastern Gansu, southwestern Shaanxi, northern Sichuan, and northern Yunnan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709717","btbrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btbrob1","avibase-497B8CEE",null,null,"Kansu, nec Cyanecula obscura Brehm, 1831, Vog. Deutschl., p. 353.",null,null,"Larvivora obscura"],["27697","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope calliope","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697","Siberian Rubythroat","Siberian Rubythroat","Siberian Rubythroat",null,null,"Ural Mountains eastward to Kamchatka and Commander and Kuril islands, in south to northern Mongolia and northern Japan; also central China (northeastern Qinghai, southwestern Gansu, and northern Sichuan); winters in southeastern Asia, Taiwan, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709701","sibrub","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibrub","avibase-786B0F98",null,null,"between the Yenisei and the Lena Rivers.",null,null,"Motacilla Calliope"],["27698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope calliope calliope","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia and northern Mongolia eastward to northeastern China and northern Korean Peninsula; winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA4FB49F",null,null,"between the Yenisei and the Lena Rivers.",null,null,"Motacilla Calliope"],["27699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope calliope camtschatkensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.817",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kamchatka, Commander Islands, Kuril Islands, and northern Japan; winters to southeastern Asia and Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F958C11",null,null,"Camtschatka [=Kamtchatka, Russia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/318/mode/1up","Turdus camtschatkensis"],["27700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope calliope beicki","(Meise, 1937)","Journal für Ornithologie 85, no.3 p.562",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50C35B80",null,null,"Sin-tien-pu, north Kansu.","Aves Beickianae. Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Nord-west-Kansu nach den Forschungen von Walter Beick ( ) in den Jahren 1926-1933.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905592","Luscinia calliope beicki"],["27701","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope tschebaiewi","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.44 pl.9 fig.1","Chinese Rubythroat","Chinese Rubythroat","Chinese Rubythroat",null,null,"breeds eastern Ladakh to northwestern China (Gansu), southeastern Tibet, and far northern Myanmar; winters in foothills from eastern Nepal to northeastern India, northeastern Bangladesh, northern Myanmar, and southern Yunnan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103768594","chirub1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chirub1","avibase-157C8A98",null,null,"Kansu.",null,null,"Calliope Tschebaiewi"],["27702","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope pectoralis","Gould, 1837","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.1 pl.4,text","Himalayan Rubythroat","Himalayan Rubythroat","Himalayan Rubythroat",null,null,"montane open scrub and scree above tree-line, dwarf rhododendron thickets, and meadows with willow or juniper scrub, from eastern Kazakhstan and northwestern China southward to northern Pakistan, thence eastward through Himalayas to Sikkim (India); migrates to Himalayan foothills of Pakistan, India, and Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103768539","himrub1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himrub1","avibase-95418926",null,null,"Himalaya Mountains [= western Himalayas, vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 739].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/23/mode/1up","Calliope pectoralis"],["27703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope pectoralis ballioni","Severtsov, 1873","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.122 (p.66 in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western China (western Xinjiang from Tian Shan to Kashgar); winters probably to lower elevations",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E2FDF8B",null,null,"Tien Shan, Kazakhstan","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Calliope Ballioni"],["27704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope pectoralis pectoralis","Gould, 1837","Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt.1 pl.4,text",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas from northern Pakistan, Kashmir, western Ladakh, and northern India eastward to central Nepal; non-breeders move to lower altitudes in foothills and adjacent plains of central Himalayas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-778256E4",null,null,"Himalaya Mountains [= western Himalayas, vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 739].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226387#page/23/mode/1up","Calliope pectoralis"],["27705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Calliope pectoralis confusa","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.740",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas (Nepal to Bhutan); winters to northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47411ED5",null,null,"Sikkim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/830/mode/1up","Luscinia pectoralis confusa"],["27706","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myiomela","Gray, 1846","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p.[178]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscisylvia leucura [Hodgson, 1845]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123658#page/396/mode/1up","Myiomela"],["27707","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myiomela leucura","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.27","White-tailed Robin","White-tailed Robin",null,"2025-0175","Taxon <em>cambodiana</em> (monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Myiomela leucura</em> (polytypic) as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Although differences in plumage and biometrics have been reported these do not seem sufficiently differentiated from other subspecies to warrant species recognition; genetic data would be informative.","patchy in foothill to montane understory of dense broadleaf evergreen forest, often in bamboo, and river-valley riparian thickets, from central Nepal eastward to central China (including Hainan) and Taiwan, and southward to western Cambodia and adjacent Thailand, and peninsular Malaysia",null,null,null,"whtrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtrob2","avibase-AFE66C21",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/241/mode/1up","M[uscisylvia] leucura"],["27708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myiomela leucura leucura","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Nepal to Myanmar, southwestern China, Indochina, and Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CF26FD2",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/241/mode/1up","M[uscisylvia] leucura"],["27709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myiomela leucura montium","Swinhoe, 1864","Ibis ser.1, vol.6, no.23-24 p.362",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EDFF697",null,null,"Mountains of Formosa [=Taiwan]","Descriptions of four new Species of Formosan Birds ; with further Notes on the Ornithology of the Island'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33870#page/404/mode/1up","Myiomela montium"],["27710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myiomela leucura cambodiana","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cambodia (Chaine de l'Éléphant)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3713C563",null,null,"Bokor, 1,000 m., southern Cambodia.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/172/mode/1up","Notodela cambodiana"],["27711","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myiomela diana","(Lesson, 1832)","Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt.4 p.246 pl.3","Javan Blue Robin","Javan Blue Robin",null,"2025-1188","Taxon <em>sumatrana </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Myiomela diana</em> based on differences in plumage, proportions, and vocalizations (Ng et al. 2020). Further research including formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data are needed to confirm this split.","mountains of Java",null,null,null,"sunrob3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunrob3","avibase-C8373E18",null,null,"Pegu [errore = Java, vide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 25].",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Voyage_aux_Indes_Orientales_par_le_nord/3fiRW86wPKwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA246","Lanius (Notodela) Diana"],["27712","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myiomela sumatrana","(Robinson & Kloss, 1918)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8, pt.2 p.215","Sumatran Blue Robin","Sumatran Blue Robin",null,"2025-1188","Taxon <em>sumatrana </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Myiomela diana</em> based on differences in plumage, proportions, and vocalizations (Ng et al. 2020). Further research including formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data are needed to confirm this split.","mountains of northern and west-central Sumatra",null,null,null,"sunrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunrob2","avibase-33B043D5",null,null,"Sungei, 4,600 ft., Kumbang, Korinchi, Sumatra.","Results of an expedition to Korinchi Peak, Sumatra. Part II. Birds.",null,"Notodela diana sumatrana"],["27713","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.19, vol.3 pl.113",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Enicurus coronatus [Temminck, 1822]; type by monotypy = Turdus leschenaulti Vieillot, 1818",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/439/mode/1up","Enicurus"],["27714","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus scouleri","Vigors, 1832","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.14 text to pl.28","Little Forktail","Little Forktail","Little Forktail",null,null,"mountains of eastern Uzbekistan and northeastern Afghanistan through the Himalayas eastward to southeastern China and Taiwan, and southward to northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710123","litfor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litfor1","avibase-92454493",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 65.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/129/mode/1up","Enicurus Scouleri"],["27715","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus schistaceus","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.189","Slaty-backed Forktail","Slaty-backed Forktail","Slaty-backed Forktail",null,null,"rocky mountain streams of northern India to southern China and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710135","slbfor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbfor1","avibase-B04A5C77",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/239/mode/1up","Motacilla (Enicurus) schistaceus"],["27716","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus immaculatus","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.190","Black-backed Forktail","Black-backed Forktail","Black-backed Forktail",null,null,"rocky streams of northern India to Myanmar, southwestern China, and northwestern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710132","blbfor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbfor1","avibase-7520AC01",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/240/mode/1up","Motacilla (Enicurus) Immaculatus"],["27717","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus ruficapillus","Temminck, 1832","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.90, vol.3 pl.534","Chestnut-naped Forktail","Chestnut-naped Forktail","Chestnut-naped Forktail",null,null,"southern Myanmar to Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710129","chnfor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chnfor1","avibase-A35795D6",null,null,"Palembang, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/341/mode/1up","Enicurus rufficapillus"],["27718","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus velatus","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.27, vol.3 pl.160","Sunda Forktail","Sunda Forktail","Sunda Forktail",null,null,"montane Sumatra and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710126","sunfor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sunfor1","avibase-89D92B91",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/345/mode/1up","Enicurus velatus"],["27719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus velatus sumatranus","(Robinson & Kloss, 1923)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"rocky mountain streams of Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E814A9F2",null,null,"Siolak Dras, Korinchi Valley, Sumatra.","Eleven new Oriental Birds.",null,"Henicurus velatus sumatranus"],["27720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus velatus velatus","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.27, vol.3 pl.160",null,null,null,null,null,"rocky mountain streams of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-026C59DD",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/345/mode/1up","Enicurus velatus"],["27721","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus maculatus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.9","Spotted Forktail","Spotted Forktail","Spotted Forktail",null,null,"foothill to montane fast rocky streams in dense forest, and wooded gorges, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China, and southward to northern Myanmar and northern Vietnam, and disjunctly in south-central Vietnam; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710141","spofor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spofor1","avibase-94160C77",null,null,"Himalaya ; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 711.","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/23/mode/1up","Enicurus maculatus"],["27722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus maculatus maculatus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of northeastern Afghanistan eastward to central Nepal and southern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA1B6810",null,null,"Himalaya ; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 711.","Exhibition of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/23/mode/1up","Enicurus maculatus"],["27723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus maculatus guttatus","Gould, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.664",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (from eastern Nepal), Myanmar, and southern China (southwestern Sichuan, and western and central Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58FAC86D",null,null,"Sikkim; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 711.","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/766/mode/1up","Enicurus guttatus"],["27724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus maculatus bacatus","Bangs & Phillips, 1914","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 58, no.6 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern China (southeastern Yunnan and northwestern Fujian) to northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-733C7F57",null,null,"Loukouchai, southern Yunnan.","Notes on a collection of birds from Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28056#page/394/mode/1up","Enicurus guttatus bacatus"],["27725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus maculatus robinsoni","Stuart Baker, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FF42A14",null,null,"Langham [= Langbiang] peaks, southern Annam.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Sylviidae and Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/425/mode/1up","Enicurus maculatus robinsoni"],["27726","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus sinensis","Gould, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.665","Northern Forktail","Northern Forktail",null,"2026-056","Following the recognition of <em>Enicurus borneensis</em> as distinct from <em>Enicurus leschenaulti</em> by AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0176), <em>Enicurus leschenaulti</em> is further divided in to three species based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and morphology (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021): <em>E. sinensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>indicus</em>), <em>E. frontalis</em> (polytypic, including <em>chaseni</em>) and a monotypic <em>E. leschenaulti</em>. This arrangement is supported, in part, by mitochondrial DNA data (Moyle et al. 2005). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking and further research on species limits in <em>E. sinensis</em> would be informative.","eastern Himalayas (from Sikkim and northern West Bengal) eastward to southern and eastern China (Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Hainan), southward to Myanmar, western, northern, and eastern Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,"whcfor4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcfor4","avibase-5F5FB120",null,null,"China [= Shanghai; vide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 314].","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/769/mode/1up","Enicurus sinensis"],["27727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus sinensis indicus","Hartert, 1910","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.760",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (from Sikkim and northern West Bengal) eastward to Myanmar, southern China (Yunnan), western, northern, and eastern Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB99C056",null,null,"Margherita, Upper Assam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/850/mode/1up","Enicurus leschenaulti indicus"],["27728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus sinensis sinensis","Gould, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.665",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern China (eastward from far eastern Qinghai, southern Gansu, and Sichuan to Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Hainan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A6D297A",null,null,"China [= Shanghai; vide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 314].","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/769/mode/1up","Enicurus sinensis"],["27729","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus frontalis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.156,text","Malayan Forktail","Malayan Forktail",null,"2026-056","Following the recognition of <em>Enicurus borneensis</em> as distinct from <em>Enicurus leschenaulti</em> by AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0176), <em>Enicurus leschenaulti</em> is further divided in to three species based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and morphology (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021): <em>E. sinensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>indicus</em>), <em>E. frontalis</em> (polytypic, including <em>chaseni</em>) and a monotypic <em>E. leschenaulti</em>. This arrangement is supported, in part, by mitochondrial DNA data (Moyle et al. 2005). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking and further research on species limits in <em>E. sinensis</em> would be informative.","central and southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Nias and Batu Islands, and lowland Borneo",null,null,null,"whcfor10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcfor10","avibase-25BD7BC4",null,null,"Malayan peninsula ; restricted to Malacca by Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., 11, p. 233.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/188/mode/1up","Enicurus frontalis"],["27730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus frontalis frontalis","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.156,text",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Nias, and lowland Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BD9D121",null,null,"Malayan peninsula ; restricted to Malacca by Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., 11, p. 233.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/188/mode/1up","Enicurus frontalis"],["27731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus frontalis chaseni","Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 92 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu Islands, off western Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F80657E",null,null,"Tana Massa Island, Batu Islands.","The Birds of the Batu Islands.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064302","Enicurus leschenaulti chaseni"],["27732","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus leschenaulti","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.269","Javan Forktail","Javan Forktail",null,"2026-056","Following the recognition of <em>Enicurus borneensis</em> as distinct from <em>Enicurus leschenaulti</em> by AviList 2025 (see issue 2025-0176), <em>Enicurus leschenaulti</em> is further divided in to three species based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and morphology (Eaton et al. 2016, 2021): <em>E. sinensis</em> (polytypic, including <em>indicus</em>), <em>E. frontalis</em> (polytypic, including <em>chaseni</em>) and a monotypic <em>E. leschenaulti</em>. This arrangement is supported, in part, by mitochondrial DNA data (Moyle et al. 2005). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking and further research on species limits in <em>E. sinensis</em> would be informative.","Java and Bali",null,null,null,"whcfor5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcfor5","avibase-34213917",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/287/mode/1up","Turdus Leschenaulti"],["27733","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Enicurus borneensis","(Sharpe, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.277-278","Bornean Forktail","Bornean Forktail",null,"2025-0176.1","Taxon <em>borneensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Enicurus leschenaulti</em> (polytypic) based on vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2021) and genetics (Moyle et al. 2005, 2017).","mountains of northern Borneo",null,null,null,"whcfor3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcfor3","avibase-B87B3B02",null,null,"Kinabalu.","On the Ornithology of Northern Borneo. With Notes by John Whitehead. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/307/mode/1up","Henicurus borneensis"],["27734","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cinclidium","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Cinclidium frontale [Blyth, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/215/mode/1up","Cinclidium"],["27735","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cinclidium frontale","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.181","Blue-fronted Robin","Blue-fronted Robin","Blue-fronted Robin",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane dense bamboo in broadleaf evergreen forest, from northeastern India eastward to central China, and southward to northern Thailand, northern Laos, and northwestern Vietnam; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710117","blfrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfrob1","avibase-858C33DD",null,null,"Sikkim.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/215/mode/1up","Cinclidium frontale"],["27736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cinclidium frontale frontale","Blyth, 1842","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayan foothills of eastern Nepal, Sikkim, and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFCEB672",null,null,"Sikkim.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/215/mode/1up","Cinclidium frontale"],["27737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Cinclidium frontale orientale","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Thailand, northern Vietnam (Tonkin), and Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EF2E150",null,null,"Chapa, Tonkin.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Callene frontalis orientalis"],["27738","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29, vol.2 pl.170",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Myophonus metallicus [Temminck, 1822]; type by monotypy = Turdus flavirostris Horsfield, 1821  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/403/mode/1up","Myophonus"],["27739","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus blighi","(Holdsworth, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.2 p.444 pl.19","Sri Lanka Whistling Thrush","Sri Lanka Whistling-Thrush","Sri Lanka Whistling-thrush",null,null,"mountain ravines of Sri Lanka",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708292","ceywht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ceywht1","avibase-F7B59EF7",null,null,"'Nuwara Eliya' ; corrected to banks of the Lemastota oya, 4,200 ft., Haputale District (Uva), by Legge, 1880, Birds Ceylon, p. 464.","Catalogue of the Birds found in Ceylon ; with some Remarks on their Habits and Local Distribution, and Descriptions of two New Species peculiar to the Island'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/506/mode/1up","Arrenga blighi"],["27740","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus robinsoni","Ogilvie-Grant, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.69","Malaysian Whistling Thrush","Malaysian Whistling-Thrush","Malay Whistling-thrush",null,null,"moist montane forest of central Malaya",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708313","mawthr2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mawthr2","avibase-8B409B52",null,null,"Gunung Menkuanghebah, Selangore.","On a new species of Whistling-Thrush from Selangore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/681/mode/1up","Myiophoneus robinsoni"],["27741","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus melanurus","(Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.227","Shiny Whistling Thrush","Shiny Whistling-Thrush","Shiny Whistling-thrush",null,null,"montane moss forest of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708303","shwthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shwthr1","avibase-DF2951BF",null,null,"Mount Singalan, West Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/233/mode/1up","Arrenga melanurus"],["27742","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus horsfieldii","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35","Malabar Whistling Thrush","Malabar Whistling-Thrush","Malabar Whistling-thrush",null,null,"swift flowing rocky streams of Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708324","mawthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mawthr1","avibase-1C4DA989",null,null,"Himalayan mountains ; restricted to Malabar by Baker, 1923, Hand-list Indian Birds, p. 93.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Myophonus Horsfieldii"],["27743","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus insularis","Gould, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862, pt.3 p.280","Taiwan Whistling Thrush","Taiwan Whistling-Thrush","Taiwan Whistling-thrush",null,null,"mountain streams of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708334","fowthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fowthr1","avibase-5420A5B7",null,null,"Formosa.","Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Birds from the Island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98527#page/334/mode/1up","Myiophoneus insularis"],["27744","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus castaneus","Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.16, pl. I","Brown-winged Whistling Thrush","Sumatran Whistling-Thrush","Sumatran Whistling-thrush",null,null,"foothill forest of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732967","chwwht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chwwht1","avibase-0652AFB0",null,null,"Mount Sago, neighborhood of Padang, West Sumatra.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Sumatra. Report on a Collection from the neighbourhood of Padang.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/46/mode/1up","Myiophoneus castaneus"],["27745","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus glaucinus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.33, vol.2 pl.194","Javan Whistling Thrush","Javan Whistling-Thrush","Javan Whistling-thrush",null,null,"montane forest of Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733656","javwht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javwht1","avibase-7508D58D",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/411/mode/1up","Pitta glaucina"],["27746","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus borneensis","Slater, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.10 p.124","Bornean Whistling Thrush","Bornean Whistling-Thrush","Bornean Whistling-thrush",null,null,"foothill and montane forest of Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732973","borwht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borwht1","avibase-5C64346C",null,null,"Bungal Hills, near Sarawak.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/160/mode/1up","Myiophoneus borneensis"],["27747","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus caeruleus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.88","Chinese Whistling Thrush","Chinese Whistling-Thrush",null,"2026-070","Myophonus flavirostris (polytypic, including <em>temminckii</em>, <em>eugenei</em>, <em>crassirostris,</em> and <em>dichrorhynchus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. caeruleus</em> (monotypic) based on differences in vocalizations and morphology. <em>M. caeruleus</em> is distinguished by a shorter, finer, all-dark bill (Delacour 1942) and higher-pitched vocalizations (Round 2012). Furthermore, birds with bills of intermediate coloration are relatively uncommon and appear to be juvenile <em>M. caeruleus</em> rather than intergrades between <em>M. caeruleus</em> and <em>M. flavirostris</em>. Differences in morphology and vocalizations also occur between the northern (<em>temminckii</em>, <em>eugenei</em>, and <em>crassirostris</em>) and southern (<em>dichrorhynchus</em> and <em>flavirostris</em>) subspecies of <em>M. flavirostris</em> suggesting a further split may be warranted but further research is needed.","central and eastern China (from southeastern Gansu and eastern Sichuan eastward to northern Hebei and Zhejiang, and southward to Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Guangxi); non-breeding also southward to eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,"bluwht1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluwht1","avibase-75B45D32",null,null,"China ; restricted to Canton by Stresemann, 1924, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 16, no. 2, p. 28.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Gracula (caerulea)"],["27748","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus flavirostris","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.149","Yellow-billed Whistling Thrush","Yellow-billed Whistling-Thrush",null,"2026-070","Myophonus flavirostris (polytypic, including <em>temminckii</em>, <em>eugenei</em>, <em>crassirostris,</em> and <em>dichrorhynchus</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>M. caeruleus</em> (monotypic) based on differences in vocalizations and morphology. <em>M. caeruleus</em> is distinguished by a shorter, finer, all-dark bill (Delacour 1942) and higher-pitched vocalizations (Round 2012). Furthermore, birds with bills of intermediate coloration are relatively uncommon and appear to be juvenile <em>M. caeruleus</em> rather than intergrades between <em>M. caeruleus</em> and <em>M. flavirostris</em>. Differences in morphology and vocalizations also occur between the northern (<em>temminckii</em>, <em>eugenei</em>, and <em>crassirostris</em>) and southern (<em>dichrorhynchus</em> and <em>flavirostris</em>) subspecies of <em>M. flavirostris</em> suggesting a further split may be warranted but further research is needed.","breeds central Asia through Himalayas eastward to south-central China (Yunnan) and southward to Sumatra and Java",null,null,null,"bluwht2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluwht2","avibase-0BC38C7E",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/168/mode/1up","Turdus flavirostris"],["27749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus flavirostris temminckii","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.8 text to pl.21",null,null,null,null,null,"central Asia to northern India, Pakistan, southeastern Tibet, and Myanmar; winters to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AD95F42",null,null,"Himalayas",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/101/mode/1up","Myophonus temminckii"],["27750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus flavirostris eugenei","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1, no.6, 1 p.475-476",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Assam to southern Myanmar, northern Thailand, southwestern China, and northern and central Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE911F4C",null,null,"Thayetmyo and the western Pegu Hills.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/503/mode/1up","Myiophoneus Eugenei"],["27751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus flavirostris crassirostris","Robinson, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand, southern Cambodia, and northern Thai-Malay Peninsula southward to the Isthmus of Kra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E92BF2A",null,null,"Trang, northern Malay Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/371/mode/1up","Myiophoneus crassirostris"],["27752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus flavirostris dichrorhynchus","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DABC10BA",null,null,"Western Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/233/mode/1up","Myophonus dichrorhynchus"],["27753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myophonus flavirostris flavirostris","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"foothill and montane forest of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06698140",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/168/mode/1up","Turdus flavirostris"],["27754","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heinrichia","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Heinrichia calligyna [Stresemann, 1931]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0007-0014.pdf#page=3","Heinrichia"],["27755","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heinrichia calligyna","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.9","Great Shortwing","Great Shortwing",null,"2025-0201","Taxon <em>simplex </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Heinrichia calligyna</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Striking differences in female plumage suggest that this complex likely comprises multiple species but genomic and bioacoustic data are needed to confirm this.","montane Sulawesi",null,null,null,"gresho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gresho1","avibase-82B7D762",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. I. Zur Ornithologie des Latimodjong-Gebirges im südlichen Central-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0007-0014.pdf#page=3","Heinrichia calligyna"],["27756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heinrichia calligyna simplex","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"Tentolo-Matinan Mountains (northeastern peninsula of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6265029",null,null,"Matinan Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. III. Zur Ornithologie des Matinang-Gebirges auf der Nordhalbinsel von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0077-0085.pdf#page=5","Heinrichia calligyna simplex"],["27757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heinrichia calligyna calligyna","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Latimojong (south-central Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D150399",null,null,"Latimodjong Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. I. Zur Ornithologie des Latimodjong-Gebirges im südlichen Central-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0007-0014.pdf#page=3","Heinrichia calligyna"],["27758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heinrichia calligyna picta","Stresemann, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Mekongga Mountains (southeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BAF0E98",null,null,"Mengkoka Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1932. VII. Zur Ornithologie von Südost-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0104-0115.pdf#page=5","Heinrichia calligyna picta"],["27759","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Leonardina","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leonardia woodi [Mearns, 1905]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/106/mode/1up","Leonardina"],["27760","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Leonardina woodi","(Mearns, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.2","Bagobo Babbler","Bagobo Robin","Bagobo Babbler",null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of Mindanao)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715801","bagbab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bagbab2","avibase-85E10874",null,null,"Todaya, 4,000 ft.. Mount Apo, Mindanao.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/20/mode/1up","Leonardia woodi"],["27761","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Vauriella","Wolters, 1980","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen pt.6 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rhinomyias insignis [Ogilvie-Grant, 1895]; type by original designation",null,"Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine Systematische Lists mil Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. 4","https://archive.org/details/dievogelartender0000wolt/page/416/mode/1up?q=Vauriella","Vauriella"],["27762","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Vauriella goodfellowi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.17","Slaty-backed Jungle Flycatcher","Mindanao Jungle Flycatcher","Slaty-backed Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"montane forest of Mount Apo on Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709187","minjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minjuf1","avibase-ED864E8F",null,null,"Mt. Apo, southeastern Mindanao, Philippine Islands; altitude 8,000 feet.","On new species from S.E. Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/41/mode/1up","Rhinomyias goodfellowi"],["27763","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Vauriella albigularis","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.27","White-throated Jungle Flycatcher","Negros Jungle Flycatcher","White-throated Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"Philippines (lowlands of Negros and Guimaras)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709182","negjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/negjuf1","avibase-2008024C",null,null,"Negros, Guimaras, Philippine Islands. Cotypes from Bais, Negros, fide Vaurie, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1570, p. 29; Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 221, p. 462.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/31/mode/1up","Rhinomyias albigularis"],["27764","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Vauriella gularis","(Sharpe, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.385","Eyebrowed Jungle Flycatcher","Eyebrowed Jungle Flycatcher","Eyebrowed Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"mountains of northern Borneo (Mount Kinabalu and adjacent mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709172","eyjfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eyjfly1","avibase-8F08C0B4",null,null,"Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/413/mode/1up","Rhinomyias gularis"],["27765","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Vauriella insignis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.40","White-browed Jungle Flycatcher","Rusty-flanked Jungle Flycatcher","White-browed Jungle-flycatcher",null,null,"montane forest of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709177","rufjuf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rufjuf1","avibase-52502154",null,null,"mountains of Lepanto, northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. Cotypes from Mt. Data, fide Vaurie, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1570, p. 29.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/266/mode/1up","Rhinomyias insignis"],["27766","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Larvivora cyana [Hodgson, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 26). = Motacilla cyane Pallas, 1776",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/150/mode/1up","Larvivora"],["27767","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora brunnea","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.102","Indian Blue Robin","Indian Blue Robin","Indian Blue Robin",null,null,"montane dense understory in cloudforest, rhododendron and bamboo thickets, and riparian scrub and ravines, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to northeastern India and western Myanmar; Himalayan and northern populations migrate to southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709727","inbrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/inbrob1","avibase-43B60493",null,null,"Nepal.","On three new Genera or sub-Genera of long-legged Thrushes, with descriptions of their species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/150/mode/1up","Larvivora brunnea"],["27768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora brunnea brunnea","Hodgson, 1837","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6, pt.1, no.62 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northeastern Afghanistan eastward through the Himalayas to northeastern India and central China; winters primarily in southwestern India and in Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B09F5621",null,null,"Nepal.","On three new Genera or sub-Genera of long-legged Thrushes, with descriptions of their species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114382#page/150/mode/1up","Larvivora brunnea"],["27769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora brunnea wickhami","Stuart Baker, 1916","Novitates Zoologicae 23, no.2 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76AB60FF",null,null,"Chin Hills, about 5000 ft.","Description of a new Larvivora","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188#page/320/mode/1up","Larvivora wickhami"],["27770","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora cyane","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697","Siberian Blue Robin","Siberian Blue Robin","Siberian Blue Robin",null,null,"foothill to submontane dense scrub in taiga forest, understory of deciduous and coniferous forest, and riparian thickets, from northeastern Kazakhstan, south-central Siberia, and northern Mongolia eastward to eastern Siberia, and southward to northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (to Honshu); migrates to Indochina, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709730","sibrob","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibrob","avibase-A8AA7E19",null,null,"Dauria, between the Onon and Argu Rivers [southeast Transbaicalia] .",null,null,"Motacilla Cyane"],["27771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora cyane bochaiensis","Shulpin, 1928","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes 28[\"1927\"] livr.3 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Siberia and northern Mongolia; winters to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A15A21F",null,null,"Fansa Station, Suchan railroad, southern Ussuria [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Larvivora cyane bochaiensis"],["27772","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora cyane cyane","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Siberia (and perhaps adjacent northeastern Kazakhstan) and northern Mongolia; the species winters in southern China, Indochina, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, but nonbreeding distributions of the subspecies are not well-differentiated",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0555453",null,null,"Dauria, between the Onon and Argu Rivers [southeast Transbaicalia] .",null,null,"Motacilla Cyane"],["27773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora cyane nechaevi","(Red'kin, 2006)","Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 85(5)FALSE",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin, southern Kuril Islands, and Japan; winters probably to southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEEF7413",null,null,"southern Sakhalin Island","A new subspecies of the Siberian blue robin, Luscinia (Larvivora) Cyane nechaevi (Turdidae)","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293753249_A_new_subspecies_of_the_Siberian_blue_robin_Luscinia_Larvivora_Cyane_nechaevi_Turdidae","Luscinia (Larvivora) cyane nechaevi"],["27774","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora akahige","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.3 pl.571","Japanese Robin","Japanese Robin","Japanese Robin","2025-0197","Taxon <em>tanensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Larvivora akahige</em> (monotypic) based on plumage, vocalizations (Zhao et al. 2016), and genetics. While mitochondrial DNA data show evidence of extensive introgression (Seki et al. 2012; Seki 2023), nuclear microsatellites mostly assort along taxonomic lines (Seki 2023), supporting the split.","breeds on southern Sakhalin Island, the southern Kuril Islands, and Japan; winters in southeastern China (northwestern Fujian southward to Guangdong and Guangxi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103767606","japrob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japrob2","avibase-76E2708C",null,null,"Riu Kius, south of Japan ; corrected to Hondo by",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/338/mode/1up","Sylvia akahige"],["27775","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora tanensis","(Kuroda, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.106","Izu Robin","Izu Robin","Izu Robin","2025-0197","Taxon <em>tanensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Larvivora akahige</em> (monotypic) based on plumage, vocalizations (Zhao et al. 2016), and genetics. While mitochondrial DNA data show evidence of extensive introgression (Seki et al. 2012; Seki 2023), nuclear microsatellites mostly assort along taxonomic lines (Seki 2023), supporting the split.","Izu, Tanegashima, and Yakushima islands (southern Japan)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103767625","japrob3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japrob3","avibase-20940C94",null,null,"Nishino-omote, Tanegashima, south of Kiu Siu (sic).","Description of new subspecies from Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/512/mode/1up","Erithacus akahige tanensis"],["27776","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora komadori","(Temminck, 1835)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.96, vol.3 pl.570","Ryukyu Robin","Ryukyu Robin","Ryukyu Robin","2025-0198","Taxon <em>namiyei </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Larvivora komadori</em> (monotypic) based on clear differences in plumage, and genetics, with minor vocal differences also reported. Although these species are separated by a deep mitochondrial DNA divergence (Saitoh et al. 2015), genomic data and a formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","breeds Danjo Islands (off southwestern Kyushu) and northern Ryukyu Islands (Tanegashima southward to Tokunoshima); winters southward to the southern Ryukyu Islands (mainly Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Yonakuni, southern Japan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103767667","ryurob2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ryurob2","avibase-69346554",null,null,"Korea ; corrected to northern Riu Kius and Tanegashima by Kuroda, 1923, op. cit., p. 106.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/337/mode/1up","Sylvia komadori"],["27777","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora namiyei","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9, no.597 p.644","Okinawa Robin","Okinawa Robin","Okinawa Robin","2025-0198","Taxon <em>namiyei </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Larvivora komadori</em> (monotypic) based on clear differences in plumage, and genetics, with minor vocal differences also reported. Although these species are separated by a deep mitochondrial DNA divergence (Saitoh et al. 2015), genomic data and a formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","Okinawa (central Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103767739","ryurob3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ryurob3","avibase-742C395C",null,null,"Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32555#page/658/mode/1up","Icoturus namiyei"],["27778","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora sibilans","Swinhoe, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.292","Rufous-tailed Robin","Rufous-tailed Robin","Rufous-tailed Robin",null,null,"breeds southern Siberia to Sea of Okhotsk; winters southern China to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709688","rutrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutrob1","avibase-9C056398",null,null,"Macao, southeastern China.","Catalogue of the Birds of China, with Remarks principally on their Geographical Distribution.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/374/mode/1up","Larvivora sibilans"],["27779","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Larvivora ruficeps","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.50","Rufous-headed Robin","Rufous-headed Robin","Rufous-headed Robin",null,null,"breeds north-central China (Tsingling Mountains of Shaanxi and Sichuan); breeding range poorly known but recorded from southern Cambodia and northern Malaysia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709711","ruhrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhrob1","avibase-5C44B7AF",null,null,"Tai pai Shan, Tsinling Mountains.","Exhibition and description of a new species (Larvivora ruficeps) from N. China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/474/mode/1up","Larvivora ruficeps"],["27780","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Brachypteryx montana [Horsfield, 1821]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 41).   ",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/176/mode/1up","Brachypteryx"],["27781","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx hyperythra","Blyth, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.201","Rusty-bellied Shortwing","Rusty-bellied Shortwing","Rusty-bellied Shortwing",null,null,"northeastern India (Sikkim to Arunachal Pradesh) to southwestern China (Yunnan)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708973","rubsho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsho1","avibase-E1BA4929",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notes on some Birds collected by Dr. Jerdon in Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/275/mode/1up","Brachypteryx hyperythra"],["27782","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx leucophris","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.75, vol.2 pl.448 fig.1","Lesser Shortwing","Lesser Shortwing","Lesser Shortwing",null,null,"foothill to montane dense undergrowth in broadleaf forest and secondary growth, riparian thickets, and dwarf bamboo, from northern India eastward to southeastern China and northern Indochina, and southward to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sundas; downslope dispersal in Himalayas post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708982","lessho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessho1","avibase-26ACC9A5",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/493/mode/1up","Myiothera leucophris"],["27783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx leucophris nipalensis","Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1, Appendix no.1 p.xiii (in list), 397-398",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from northern India (Uttarakhand), Myanmar (except central, southward to Tenasserim), and southern China (southeastern Tibet, western Yunnan, and Emei Shan in southern Sichuan); scarce winter visitor or resident eastern Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA529C10",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/433/mode/1up","Brachypteryx nipalensis"],["27784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx leucophris carolinae","La Touche, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern China (central Yunnan eastward to southern Zhejiang and Fujian), western Thailand, and northern Indochina (northern and central Laos, and northern Vietnam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5178C1F",null,null,"Kuatun, northwest Fukien.","[Exhibition of a new species of Short-wing].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/529/mode/1up","Brachypteryx carolinae"],["27785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx leucophris langbianensis","Delacour & Greenway, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos, central Vietnam (central and southern Annam), and western Cambodia (Cardamom Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCD00A5D",null,null,"Pic de Langbian, near Dalat, Annam,","Seven new Races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/161/mode/1up","Brachypteryx leucophrys langbianensis"],["27786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx leucophris wrayi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1DBAAE2",null,null,"Gunong Batu Putch and Gunong Tahan, 5,300-7,000 ft.","Description of new Malayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/434/mode/1up","Brachypteryx wrayi"],["27787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx leucophris leucophris","(Temminck, 1828)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.75, vol.2 pl.448 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sundas (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Alor, Wetar, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D84ED11F",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109469#page/493/mode/1up","Myiothera leucophris"],["27788","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx cruralis","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.933 (p.929, list)","Himalayan Shortwing","Himalayan Shortwing","Himalayan Shortwing",null,null,"breeds eastern Himalayas to northern Myanmar and western China; winters to northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866603","whbsho4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho4","avibase-0C0078A7",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/449/mode/1up","Calliope ? cruralis"],["27789","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx sinensis","Rickett, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.50","Chinese Shortwing","Chinese Shortwing","Chinese Shortwing",null,null,"southeastern China (southern Shaanxi southward to Guizhou and Guangxi, eastward to Jiangxi and northwestern Fujian)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866607","whbsho5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho5","avibase-DF676564",null,null,"Kuatun, northwest Fukien.","New species of birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/410/mode/1up","Brachypteryx sinensis"],["27790","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx goodfellowi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.108","Taiwan Shortwing","Taiwan Shortwing","Taiwan Shortwing",null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866611","whbsho6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho6","avibase-66A4C6BB",null,null,"Mount Arizan, 8,000 ft., Formosa.","On four new species and subspecies from Mount Arizan, Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/138/mode/1up","Brachypteryx goodfellowi"],["27791","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.40","Philippine Shortwing","Philippine Shortwing","Philippine Shortwing","2025-0203","The <em>Brachypteryx montana</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex is treated as five species based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and genetics: monotypic <em>montana; </em>monotypic <em>erythrogyna</em>; monotypic <em>saturata</em>; monotypic <em>floris</em>; and polytypic <em>poliogyna</em>. Available mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates deep divergences between some of these taxa (Kyriazis et al. 2018; Shakya et al. 2020) but a comprehensive genetic review of the complex is lacking.","mountains of Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866625","whbsho7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho7","avibase-BCB949A5",null,null,"mountains of Lepanto, northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/266/mode/1up","Brachypteryx poliogyna"],["27792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna sillimani","Ripley & Rabor, 1962","Postilla 73 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEA392AD",null,null,"Magtaguimbong, Mount Mantalingajan, 3,600-4,350 feet, Palawan Island, Philippines.","New birds from Palawan and Culion Islands, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44213#page/8/mode/1up","Brachypteryx montana sillimani"],["27793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna poliogyna","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DBBC2E9",null,null,"mountains of Lepanto, northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/266/mode/1up","Brachypteryx poliogyna"],["27794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna andersoni","Rand & Rabor, 1967","Fieldiana Zoology 51, no.6 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B3A737F",null,null,"Mount Isarog, at Curry, Pili, Camarines Sur, Luzon, alt. 3500-4000 feet [Philippines]","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/8/mode/1up","Brachypteryx montana andersoni"],["27795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna mindorensis","Hartert, 1916","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 36 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Mindoro (west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61B634F6",null,null,"Mt. Dulungan, Mindoro, 4500 ft.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/293/mode/1up","Brachypteryx poliogyna mindorensis"],["27796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna brunneiceps","Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.8 p.526 (in text), 547 (orig. descr.)",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Panay and Negros (west-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A75C50E8",null,null,"Negros.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part VIII. The Highlands of Negros. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/586/mode/1up","Brachypteryx brunneiceps"],["27797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna malindangensis","Mearns, 1909","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.441-442",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Malindang region of northwestern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCE349FB",null,null,"summit of Grand Malindang Mountain, 9,000 ft., Misamis Province, northwestern Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/549/mode/1up","Brachypteryx malindangensis"],["27798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx poliogyna mindanensis","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Apo and Mount Matutum on Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A26AA3FA",null,null,"Mount Apo, 6,000 ft.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/21/mode/1up","Brachypteryx mindanensis"],["27799","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx erythrogyna","Sharpe, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.24 p.389-390, pl. X","Bornean Shortwing","Bornean Shortwing","Bornean Shortwing","2025-0203","The <em>Brachypteryx montana</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex is treated as five species based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and genetics: monotypic <em>montana; </em>monotypic <em>erythrogyna</em>; monotypic <em>saturata</em>; monotypic <em>floris</em>; and polytypic <em>poliogyna</em>. Available mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates deep divergences between some of these taxa (Kyriazis et al. 2018; Shakya et al. 2020) but a comprehensive genetic review of the complex is lacking.","mountains of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866633","whbsho8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho8","avibase-1599A511",null,null,"Kina Balu.","Further Descriptions of new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/417/mode/1up","Brachypteryx erythrogyna"],["27800","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx saturata","Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.225","Sumatran Shortwing","Sumatran Shortwing","Sumatran Shortwing","2025-0203","The <em>Brachypteryx montana</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex is treated as five species based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and genetics: monotypic <em>montana; </em>monotypic <em>erythrogyna</em>; monotypic <em>saturata</em>; monotypic <em>floris</em>; and polytypic <em>poliogyna</em>. Available mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates deep divergences between some of these taxa (Kyriazis et al. 2018; Shakya et al. 2020) but a comprehensive genetic review of the complex is lacking.","mountains of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866639","whbsho9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho9","avibase-EED638F3",null,null,"Padang Highlands, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/231/mode/1up","Brachypteryx saturata"],["27801","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx montana","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.157","Javan Shortwing","Javan Shortwing","Javan Shortwing","2025-0203","The <em>Brachypteryx montana</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex is treated as five species based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and genetics: monotypic <em>montana; </em>monotypic <em>erythrogyna</em>; monotypic <em>saturata</em>; monotypic <em>floris</em>; and polytypic <em>poliogyna</em>. Available mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates deep divergences between some of these taxa (Kyriazis et al. 2018; Shakya et al. 2020) but a comprehensive genetic review of the complex is lacking.","mountains of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866595","whbsho10","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho10","avibase-98AF741E",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/176/mode/1up","Brachypteryx montana"],["27802","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Brachypteryx floris","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.170","Flores Shortwing","Flores Shortwing","Flores Shortwing","2025-0203","The <em>Brachypteryx montana</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex is treated as five species based on differences in plumage, vocalizations, and genetics: monotypic <em>montana; </em>monotypic <em>erythrogyna</em>; monotypic <em>saturata</em>; monotypic <em>floris</em>; and polytypic <em>poliogyna</em>. Available mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates deep divergences between some of these taxa (Kyriazis et al. 2018; Shakya et al. 2020) but a comprehensive genetic review of the complex is lacking.","mountains of Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103866688","whbsho11","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsho11","avibase-3353BA88",null,null,"South Flores.","Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/188/mode/1up","Brachypteryx floris"],["27803","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 3 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla hypoleuca [Pallas, 1764]; type by tautonymy = Motacilla hypoleuca Pallas, 1764  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110951#page/455/mode/1up","Ficedula"],["27804","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula zanthopygia","(Hay, 1845)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13, pt.2, no.31 p.162","Yellow-rumped Flycatcher","Yellow-rumped Flycatcher","Yellow-rumped Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds mountains of northeastern Asia; winters in southeastern Asia and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709325","korfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/korfly1","avibase-70030C48",null,null,"Malacca.","Descriptions of some supposed New, or Imperfectly Described, Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176660#page/464/mode/1up","Muscicapa zanthopygia"],["27805","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula elisae","(Weigold, 1922)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 18, no.1 p.1","Green-backed Flycatcher","Green-backed Flycatcher","Green-backed Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds in northeastern China (Shanxi and Hebei); migrates to southern China (including Hainan), and southeastern Asia (Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Vietnam)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103769400","narfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/narfly1","avibase-40B76146",null,null,"eastern imperial cemetery near Peking.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/301/mode/1up","Muscicapa elisae"],["27806","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula narcissina","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.3 pl.577 fig.1","Narcissus Flycatcher","Narcissus Flycatcher","Narcissus Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Sakhalin to Japan; winters to Philippines and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103769227","narfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/narfly2","avibase-DEA1FD2E",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/237/mode/1up","Muscicapa narcissina"],["27807","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula owstoni","(Bangs, 1901)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 36, no.8 p.265","Ryukyu Flycatcher","Ryukyu Flycatcher","Ryukyu Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), from Tanegashima in Osumi Islands to Iriomote, Yaeyama Islands; northern populations migratory, some reaching eastern Chinese seaboard",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103769434","narfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/narfly3","avibase-98DA78EC",null,null,"Ishigaki, southern Ryukyu Islands. [Japan]","On a collection of birds from the Liu Kiu Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21824#page/423/mode/1up","Zanthopygia owstoni"],["27808","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula mugimaki","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97, vol.3 pl.577 fig.2","Mugimaki Flycatcher","Mugimaki Flycatcher","Mugimaki Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia, Sakhalin, and northeastern China; winters to southeastern Asia and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709331","mugfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mugfly","avibase-0557B8E5",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/238/mode/1up","Muscicapa Mugimaki"],["27809","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula erithacus","(Jerdon & Blyth, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.201","Slaty-backed Flycatcher","Slaty-backed Flycatcher","Slaty-backed Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Himalayas (Nepal to northern Myanmar and southwestern China); winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709334","slbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbfly1","avibase-EF8548B9",null,null,"Sikkim; Himalaya. NHMUK#1886.4.1.1913 Syntype of Jerdon has locality Darjeeling, Sikkim (Warren & Harrison 1971, p. 167). Locality may need to be restricted to Darjeeling, West Bengal (ref. Praveen pers. comm.). ","Notes on some Birds collected by Dr. Jerdon in Sikkim.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/275/mode/1up","Siphia erithacus"],["27810","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.129 p.885","Snowy-browed Flycatcher","Snowy-browed Flycatcher","Snowy-browed Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf forest, and bamboo thickets, from northern India eastward to central China, Taiwan, and southward to Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, Wallacea, and Lesser Sundas; Himalayan populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103769540","snbfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snbfly1","avibase-0EEEF8C2",null,null,"No locality in description. Darjeeling, West Bengal, according to Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 7: 161 (ref. Praveen 2025).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/307/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] hyperythra"],["27811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra hyperythra","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.2, no.129 p.885",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southern China, Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C348B82E",null,null,"No locality in description. Darjeeling, West Bengal, according to Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 7: 161 (ref. Praveen 2025).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123638#page/307/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] hyperythra"],["27812","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra annamensis","(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.3 p.445-446",null,null,null,null,null,"Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F346B540",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam; altitude 6,000-7,500 feet.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. Phasianidae - Campophagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/535/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes hyperythra annamensis"],["27813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra innexa","(Swinhoe, 1866)","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.8 p.394-395",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC5863F3",null,null,"Formosa.","Ornithological Notes from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/436/mode/1up","Siphia innexa"],["27814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra sumatrana","(Hachisuka, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73811796",null,null,"Siolak Daras, Korinchi (= Kerinci), Sumatra; altitude 3,000 feet.","Description of fifteen new forms from the Oriental Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/86/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes hyperythrus sumatranus"],["27815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra mjobergi","(Hartert, 1925)","The Sarawak Museum Journal 3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"western Borneo (Poi Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFD66DA4",null,null,"Mount Poi, 5300 feet, Sarawak","On a peculiar form of Flycatcher from Sarawak, Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50884#page/19/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes hyperythrus mjöbergi"],["27816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra vulcani","(Robinson, 1918)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 7 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, and western Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75B04E11",null,null,"Tjibodas, slopes of the Gedeh Volcano, western Java; altitude 4,000-6,000 feet.","Four new birds from Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62946#page/247/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes hyperythra vulcani"],["27817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra clarae","(Mayr, 1944)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F60441D3",null,null,"Mt. Mutis, Timor; altitude 2,000 meters. February 26, 1932; Georg Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Dendrobiastes hyperythrus clarae"],["27818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra audacis","(Hartert, 1906)","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.296-297",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4431E33C",null,null,"Tepa, Babber (= Babar).","On the birds of the Island of Babber.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/310/mode/1up","Muscicapula hyperythra audacis"],["27819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra annalisa","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"northern peninsula of Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C0B6E71",null,null,"Matinang Mountains: Ile-Ile, northern Celebes; altitude 1,700 meters.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. III. Zur Ornithologie des Matinang-Gebirges auf der Nordhalbinsel von Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0077-0085.pdf#page=4","Dendrobiastes hyperythra annalisa"],["27820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra jugosae","(Riley, 1921)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34, no.10 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"central, southeastern, and southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D27EFC6C",null,null,"Goenoeng Lehio, Celebes.","Four new birds from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/78/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes hyperythra jugosae"],["27821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra betinabiru","Rheindt, Prawiradilaga, Ashari & Suparno, 2020","Science 367 167-170, Suppl. p. 68-72 [p. 68]",null,null,null,null,null,"Taliabu (Sula Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7BBC7E7",null,null,"10 Dec 2013 at Waiyo dinahana Camp (~1200m) above Wahe village on Taliabu Island (S 01° 47.614'; E 124° 48.216').","A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna","https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6474/167","Ficedula hyperythra betinabiru"],["27822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra negroides","(Stresemann, 1914)","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-683485F0",null,null,"G[unung]. Pinaia (= Binaija), altitude 6,000 feet, and G[unung]. Hoale, altitude 3,000 feet, central Ceram.","Die Vögel von Seran (Ceram).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/141/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes hyperythra negroides"],["27823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra pallidipectus","(Hartert, 1903)","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.52-53",null,null,null,null,null,"Bacan (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F348099C",null,null,"Batjan; altitude 5,000-7,000 feet.","The Birds of Batjan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/68/mode/1up","Muscicapula hyperythra pallidipectus"],["27824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hyperythra alifura","(Stresemann, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55FEC3ED",null,null,"Gunung Fogha, Buru; altitude 5,000 feet.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/350/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes hyperythra alifurus"],["27825","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula tricolor","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.26","Slaty-blue Flycatcher","Slaty-blue Flycatcher","Slaty-blue Flycatcher",null,null,"submontane and montane understory in oak-rhododendron and coniferous forest, subalpine shrub, and bamboo scrub, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to western and northern Myanmar and northern Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter as far as Bangladesh and northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709409","slbfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbfly2","avibase-8A18D787",null,null,"cf. Biswas, 1962, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 59, p. 812.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/240/mode/1up","D[igenea] tricolor"],["27826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula tricolor tricolor","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Himalayas of northern Pakistan and Kashmir eastward to central Nepal and southwestern China (southwestern Tibet); non-breeding at lower altitudes",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94BC50F9",null,null,"cf. Biswas, 1962, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 59, p. 812.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/240/mode/1up","D[igenea] tricolor"],["27827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula tricolor minuta","(Hume, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.109-110",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from central and eastern Nepal eastward to northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh and western Assam) and southern China (southeastern Tibet); non-breeding at lower altitudes, including Assam Valley and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4DC4CF3",null,null,"Mt. Tongloo, Sikkim.","Descriptions of Six new Species of Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/141/mode/1up","Siphia minuta"],["27828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula tricolor cerviniventris","(Sharpe, 1879)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Meghalaya, eastern Nagaland, and southeastern Assam southward to Mizoram) and western Myanmar; non-breeding in northeastern Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-227657E3",null,null,"Munipur (= Manipur) Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/478/mode/1up","Digenea cerviniventris"],["27829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula tricolor diversa","Vaurie, 1953","American Museum Novitates no.1641 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (southern Gansu southward to Yunnan), western and northern Myanmar; non-breeding southern China (southern Yunnan), eastern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4BC4E18",null,null,"Lungan, now P'ing-wu, Mo-tien Ling Range, on the borders of Szechwan and Kansu.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 2. Geographic variation in Ficedula tricolor.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4924/","Ficedula tricolor diversa"],["27830","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula henrici","(Hartert, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.58","Damar Flycatcher","Damar Flycatcher","Damar Flycatcher",null,null,"Damar Island (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709376","damfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/damfly1","avibase-C219B576",null,null,"island of Dammer (= Damar), Banda Sea.","[Exhibition of an undescribed genus and species of Flycatcher].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/578/mode/1up","Dammeria henrici"],["27831","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hodgsoni","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.300","Pygmy Flycatcher","Pygmy Flycatcher","Pygmy Blue Flycatcher",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane broadleaf forest, elfin forest, and subalpine scrub, from Nepal eastward to northern Myanmar and south-central China, in southern Laos and central Vietnam, in peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra, and on Borneo; Himalayan populations disperse to Thailand in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709591","pybfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pybfly1","avibase-4A9906BA",null,null,"Nepal.",null,null,"Nemura hodgsoni"],["27832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hodgsoni hodgsoni","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to northeastern India, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-848D1DF4",null,null,"Nepal.",null,null,"Nemura hodgsoni"],["27833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hodgsoni sondaica","(Robinson & Kloss, 1923)","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11 pt1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BAA2066",null,null,"Korinchi ( = Kerinci) Peak, central Sumatra; altitude 7,300 feet.",null,null,"Nitidula hodgsoni sondaica"],["27834","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula strophiata","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.651","Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher","Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher","Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf forest, mixed conifer and broadleaf forest, and thick secondary scrub, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to western Myanmar and, disjunctly, southeastern Laos and central Vietnam; downslope dispersal and short-distant migrant to northern Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709337","rugfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rugfly1","avibase-57D97C57",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of a new genus of Insessores, tending to connect the Sylviadae and Muscicapidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/691/mode/1up","Siphia Strophiata"],["27835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula strophiata strophiata","(Hodgson, 1837)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.651",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas to southern China and northern Thailand; winters to northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4774750E",null,null,"Nepal.","Indication of a new genus of Insessores, tending to connect the Sylviadae and Muscicapidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/691/mode/1up","Siphia Strophiata"],["27836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula strophiata fuscogularis","(Stuart Baker, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Laos and central Vietnam (southern Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-994B292C",null,null,"Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.","Exhibition and descriptions of new races of Flycatchers and Shrikes (with remarks on the Indian species of the genus Cyornis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/39/mode/1up","Siphia strophiata fuscogularis"],["27837","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula sapphira","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.939","Sapphire Flycatcher","Sapphire Flycatcher","Sapphire Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane evergreen broadleaf forest from eastern Nepal eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to eastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northwestern Vietnam; downslope dispersal post-breeding to northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709412","sapfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sapfly1","avibase-94AF14FA",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/455/mode/1up","M[uscicapula] sapphira"],["27838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula sapphira sapphira","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.939",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (eastern Nepal to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northeastern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8F44783",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/455/mode/1up","M[uscicapula] sapphira"],["27839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula sapphira laotiana","(Delacour & Greenway, 1939)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C57006D7",null,null,"Col de Taloun, 25 kilometers east of Luang Prabang, Laos.","Seven new Races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/162/mode/1up","Muscicapula sapphira laotiana"],["27840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula sapphira tienchuanensis","Cheng, 1964","Acta Zoologica Sinica 16 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of west-central China (southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, and west-central and southern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55E72C7C",null,null,"T'ien-ch'uan, Szechwan; altitude ca. 1,100 meters.","A new subspecies of sapphire-headed flycatcher from Szechwan, China - Ficedula sapphira tienchuanensis (Muscicapidae: Muscicapinae).","http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/files/20130410122716984.pdf","Ficedula sapphira tienchuanensis"],["27841","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula superciliaris","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.26 p.16","Ultramarine Flycatcher","Ultramarine Flycatcher","Ultramarine Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf forest, and pine forest, from eastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to south-central China; montane populations migrate to Peninsular India, northern Myanmar, and northwestern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709406","ultfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ultfly1","avibase-808001B1",null,null,"'at the edge of the range of northern ghauts = Ajunteh, fide Jerdon, 1862, Birds India, 1, p. 471.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/32/mode/1up","Muscicapa superciliaris"],["27842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula superciliaris superciliaris","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.26 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas (northern Pakistan to Nepal and Sikkim); winters to central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8DFCA4B",null,null,"'at the edge of the range of northern ghauts = Ajunteh, fide Jerdon, 1862, Birds India, 1, p. 471.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/32/mode/1up","Muscicapa superciliaris"],["27843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula superciliaris aestigma","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.90, 155",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Bhutan to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, Myanmar, and northern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13842514",null,null,"Nepal",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/106/mode/1up","Muscicapa aestigma"],["27844","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.3 p.270","Little Pied Flycatcher","Little Pied Flycatcher","Little Pied Flycatcher",null,null,"foothill to montane broadleaf deciduous and evergreen forest, mossy cloudforest, and casuarinas, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to south-central China, and southward through Indochina and Philippines to Greater Sundas, Sulawesi and Wallacea, and Lesser Sundas; Himalayan populations move downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709403","lipfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lipfly1","avibase-58F57E07",null,null,"Gunong Ulu Batang Padang, Perak, Malay Peninsula; altitude 4,200 feet.","List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the Main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/332/mode/1up","Muscicapula westermanni"],["27845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni collini","(Rothschild, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western and central Himalayas (Nepal to Sikkim); winters to plains of India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6D9D7C8",null,null,"Nepal, Darjeeling [= Nepal and Darjeeling, West Bengal.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/118/mode/1up","Muscicapa collini"],["27846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni australorientis","(Ripley, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65, no.11 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Bhutan to southern China, northern Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B88C689C",null,null,"Phou Kobo, Laos, French Indochina.","A note on the species Muscicapa westermanni.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/270/mode/1up","Muscicapa westermanni australorientis"],["27847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni langbianis","(Kloss, 1927)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDDC61BD",null,null,"Arbre Broye, Lang Bian Massif, southern Annam; altitude 5,400 feet.","Description of a new race of small Flycatcher from South Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/185/mode/1up","Muscicapula melanoleuca langbianis"],["27848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni westermanni","(Sharpe, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.3 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, northern Sumatra, Borneo, southern Philippines (Mindanao), Sulawesi (except southwestern), Sula Islands (Taliabu), and Moluccas (Bacan and Seram); probably this race recently discovered on Buru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98FC0706",null,null,"Gunong Ulu Batang Padang, Perak, Malay Peninsula; altitude 4,200 feet.","List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the Main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/332/mode/1up","Muscicapula westermanni"],["27849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni rabori","(Ripley, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Negros, and Panay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10AF9FD6",null,null,"Irisan, Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Islands.","A note on the species Muscicapa westermanni.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/271/mode/1up","Muscicapa westermanni rabori"],["27850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni palawanensis","(Ripley & Rabor, 1962)","Postilla 73 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1813B499",null,null,"Mt. Mantalingajan Peak, Palawan Island, Philippines; altitude 5,500-6,000 feet.","New birds from Palawan and Culion Islands, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44213#page/10/mode/1up","Muscicapa westermanni palawanensis"],["27851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni hasselti","(Finsch, 1898)","Notes from the Leyden Museum XX, Note XVI p.94,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and southern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1302BE3A",null,null,"Java.","On the identity of Muscicapula westermanni, Sharpe and M. melanoleuca, Hodgs..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37321#page/110/mode/1up","Muscicapa Hasselti"],["27852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula westermanni mayri","(Ripley, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65, no.11 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Wetar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB6605BE",null,null,"Ramelan, Timor Island.","A note on the species Muscicapa westermanni.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/271/mode/1up","Muscicapa westermanni mayri"],["27853","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula ruficauda","(Swainson, 1838)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.X p.251","Rusty-tailed Flycatcher","Rusty-tailed Flycatcher","Rusty-tailed Flycatcher",null,null,"Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and eastern Afghanistan to northern India and Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709217","rutfly6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfly6","avibase-F6A82D7F",null,null,"India; restricted to Kashmir by Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 706.","The Natural Arrangement and History of Flycatchers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57491#page/371/mode/1up","Muscicapa ruficauda"],["27854","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula subrubra","(Hartert & Steinbacher, 1934)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel. Ergänzungsband 3 p.233","Kashmir Flycatcher","Kashmir Flycatcher","Kashmir Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Himalayas of northern India (Kashmir); winters to southern India and Sri Lanka",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709346","kasfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kasfly1","avibase-BFB564AA",null,null,"No locality in description. Darjeeling, West Bengal, according to Ali & Ripley (2001) Vol 7: 161 (ref. Praveen 2025).",null,null,"Muscicapa parva subrubra"],["27855","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula parva","(Bechstein, 1792)","Kurzgefasste gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes für Schulen und häuslichen Unterricht 1 p.531,note","Red-breasted Flycatcher","Red-breasted Flycatcher","Red-breasted Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds northern Europe to southern Urals, Balkans, and southern Caspian; winters to southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735909","rebfly","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebfly","avibase-6A3CA06B",null,null,"Thüringerwalde, Germany.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83284#page/559/mode/1up","Muscicapa parva"],["27856","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula albicilla","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.462 tab.fig.1 [no pl. contra Peters XI:342]","Taiga Flycatcher","Taiga Flycatcher","Red-throated Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds Siberia to Kamchatka and northern Mongolia; winters to Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734119","taifly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taifly1","avibase-99985173",null,null,"Dauriya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/494/mode/1up","Muscicapa Albicilla"],["27857","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula speculigera","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.317","Atlas Pied Flycatcher","Atlas Flycatcher",null,"2025-0165","Taxon <em>speculigera </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em> (polytypic) based on phenotypic and genetic (Sætre et al. 2001a, 2001b) evidence, including genomic data (Nater et al. 2015).","foothill to submontane cedar, oak, and Aleppo pine woodland from northern Morocco eastward to northern Tunisia; winters to tropical West Africa",null,null,null,"atlfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atlfly1","avibase-CD1B2156",null,null,"'Afr. sept.' = Algiers, fide Selys-Longchamps, 1856, Naumannia, 6, p. 393","Beilage Nr. 2a. Bemerkungen über einige Vögel Europa's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/497/mode/1up","M[uscicapa] speculigera"],["27858","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula semitorquata","(Homeyer, 1885)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.185 pl.10","Semicollared Flycatcher","Semicollared Flycatcher","Semi-collared Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds montane forest of Balkan Peninsula to northwestern Iran; winters in eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709319","semfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semfly1","avibase-BE56C141",null,null,"Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/195/mode/1up","Muscicapa semitorquata"],["27859","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula albicollis","(Temminck, 1815)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe ed.1 p.100","Collared Flycatcher","Collared Flycatcher","Collared Flycatcher",null,null,"breeds eastern France to Balkans and Ukraine; winters in tropical and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709315","colfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colfly1","avibase-0B2F8058",null,null,"ad fluvium senegal [in Senegal Rivers]",null,"https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Manuel_d_ornithologie_ou_Tableau_syst%C3%A8m/1bdm-hKTgpwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA100&printsec=frontcover","Muscicapa albicollis"],["27860","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hypoleuca","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.3 no.156","European Pied Flycatcher","European Pied Flycatcher",null,"2025-0165","Taxon <em>speculigera </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em> (polytypic) based on phenotypic and genetic (Sætre et al. 2001a, 2001b) evidence, including genomic data (Nater et al. 2015).","patchy in lowland to foothill deciduous and mixed forest, open mature woodland, and parks and gardens, from England and Scandinavia eastward to south-central Siberia, and southward to Iberian Peninsula, northern Italy, and Romania; winters to western and central Africa",null,null,null,"eupfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eupfly1","avibase-6E352E18",null,null,"Holland.",null,null,"Motacilla hypoleuca"],["27861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hypoleuca hypoleuca","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.3 no.156",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles and northern Europe to western Siberia; winters to tropical Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC0BA9AF",null,null,"Holland.",null,null,"Motacilla hypoleuca"],["27862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hypoleuca iberiae","(Witherby, 1928)","Ibis ser.12, vol.4, no.4 p.591",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iberian Peninsula; winters in western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6509A6B",null,null,"San Ildefonso (Segovia), Spain.","On the Birds of Central Spain, with Some Notes on those of South-East Spain.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1928.tb08737.x","Muscicapa hypoleuca iberiae"],["27863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula hypoleuca sibirica","(Khakhlov, 1915)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.4 p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds taiga of western Siberia (Ural Mountains to Yenisey River); winters to eastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8E57990",null,null,"Tomsk.","Sibirskaya forma mukholovki-pestrushki. Muscicapa atricapilla sibirica subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/709/mode/1up","Muscicapa atricapilla sibirica"],["27864","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula nigrorufa","(Jerdon, 1839)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10, no.25 p.266","Black-and-orange Flycatcher","Black-and-orange Flycatcher","Black-and-orange Flycatcher",null,null,"mountains of southwestern India (western Maharashtra southward to Kerala)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709415","barfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barfly1","avibase-47C88B19",null,null,"'summit of the Neilgherries' (= Nilgiris).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176770#page/292/mode/1up","Saxicola nigrorufa"],["27865","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula riedeli","(Büttikofer, 1886)","Notes from the Leyden Museum VIII, Note XII p.62-63, pl. 3, fig. 1","Tanimbar Flycatcher","Tanimbar Flycatcher","Tanimbar Flycatcher",null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Larat and Yamdena)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103771748","rucfly3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucfly3","avibase-4BA2D4EE",null,null,"Tenimber (= Tanimbar).","On a collection of birds from the Tenimber Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37333#page/74/mode/1up","Erythromyias Riedeli"],["27866","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula dumetoria","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.490","Rufous-chested Flycatcher","Rufous-chested Flycatcher","Rufous-chested Flycatcher",null,null,"humid to moist montane forest in the southern Malayan Peninsula, from southern Thailand to southern Malaysian peninsula, western Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and eastward to central Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103771653","rucfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucfly1","avibase-EE4C2320",null,null,"Lombok.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/590/mode/1up","Saxicola? dumetoria"],["27867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula dumetoria dumetoria","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.490",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and western Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D043A49C",null,null,"Lombok.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/590/mode/1up","Saxicola? dumetoria"],["27868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula dumetoria muelleri","(Sharpe, 1879)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.200, pl. IV, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23A2B5C5",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34314#page/218/mode/1up","Erythromyias muelleri"],["27869","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula platenae","(Blasius, 1888)","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.52 p.467","Palawan Flycatcher","Palawan Flycatcher","Palawan Flycatcher",null,null,"lowlands of Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709386","palfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palfly1","avibase-C7896162",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.",null,null,"Siphia Platenae"],["27870","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula disposita","(Ripley & Marshall, 1967)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80 p.243","Furtive Flycatcher","Furtive Flycatcher","Furtive Flycatcher",null,null,"submontane forest of Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709394","furfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/furfly1","avibase-ADF166DE",null,null,"Zambales Mountains above Crow Valley, Tarlac Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands.","A new subspecies of flycatcher from Luzon, Philippine Islands (Aves, Muscicapinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107570#page/285/mode/1up","Muscicapa bonthaina disposita"],["27871","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula rufigula","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.476","Rufous-throated Flycatcher","Rufous-throated Flycatcher","Rufous-throated Flycatcher",null,null,"lowland rainforest of Sulawesi",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709367","rutfly5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfly5","avibase-0DBEE836",null,null,"Menado (= Manado), Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/560/mode/1up","Cyornis rufigula"],["27872","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula buruensis","(Hartert, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.31","Cinnamon-chested Flycatcher","Cinnamon-chested Flycatcher","Cinnamon-chested Flycatcher",null,null,"central and southern Moluccas and Kai Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709370","cicfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cicfly1","avibase-752092BF",null,null,"Mt. Mada, Buru; altitude 3,000 feet.","[Exhibition of six new species of birds from Buru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/551/mode/1up","Erythromyias buruensis"],["27873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula buruensis buruensis","(Hartert, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECB9181E",null,null,"Mt. Mada, Buru; altitude 3,000 feet.","[Exhibition of six new species of birds from Buru].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/551/mode/1up","Erythromyias buruensis"],["27874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula buruensis ceramensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Seram (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAE10CEE",null,null,"Seleman, Ceram; altitude 3,000 feet.","Descriptions of three new species of birds collected by the late Mr. W. Stalker in Ceram.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/362/mode/1up","Erythromyias ceramensis"],["27875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula buruensis siebersi","(Hartert, 1924)","Treubia 6 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Besar (Kai Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BAC1759",null,null,"Gunong Daab, Great Kai Island; altitude 300 meters.","Über einige neue Vögel aus dem indo-australischen Archipel und deren Verwandte.",null,"Erythromyias buruensis siebersi"],["27876","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula bonthaina","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.2 p.157","Lompobattang Flycatcher","Lompobattang Flycatcher","Lompobattang Flycatcher",null,null,"southwestern Sulawesi (Lompobattang massif)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709399","lomfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lomfly1","avibase-42C56290",null,null,"Bonthain Peak (= Mt. Lompobatang), Celebes; altitude ca. 6,000 feet.","On ornithological collections made by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and on the islands south of it.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/177/mode/1up","Siphia bonthaina"],["27877","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula timorensis","(Hellmayr, 1919)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 14 Heft1 p.133","Black-banded Flycatcher","Black-banded Flycatcher","Black-banded Flycatcher",null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709419","blbfly2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbfly2","avibase-02C91A31",null,null,"Timor",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103534#page/165/mode/1up","Erythromyias timorensis"],["27878","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula harterti","(Siebers, 1928)","Treubia 10, no.2-3 p.402","Sumba Flycatcher","Sumba Flycatcher","Sumba Flycatcher",null,null,"lowlands of Sumba (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709382","sumfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumfly1","avibase-16577904",null,null,"Kananggar, eastern Sumba.","Neue Vögel von Sumba.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v10i2-3.1812","Erythromyias harterti"],["27879","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula basilanica","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.332 pl.53 fig.1","Little Slaty Flycatcher","Little Slaty Flycatcher","Little Slaty Flycatcher",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709373","lisfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lisfly1","avibase-F5DB600C",null,null,"Isabela de Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/454/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes basilanica"],["27880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula basilanica samarensis","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Leyte and Samar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDA45279",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/30/mode/1up","Muscicapula samarensis"],["27881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula basilanica basilanica","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.332 pl.53 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao, and Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0F26B39",null,null,"Isabela de Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/454/mode/1up","Dendrobiastes basilanica"],["27882","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula crypta","(Vaurie, 1951)","American Museum Novitates no.1543 p.1","Cryptic Flycatcher","Cryptic Flycatcher","Cryptic Flycatcher",null,null,"submontane forest of Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709389","rutfly7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutfly7","avibase-1DE8E22F",null,null,"Mt. McKinley, Mt. Apo Range, Davao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands; altitude 3,000 feet.","A new species of flycatcher from Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3701/","Muscicapa crypta"],["27883","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.505-506","Bundok Flycatcher","Bundok Flycatcher","Thicket Flycatcher",null,null,"montane Philippines (except East Visayas and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103769583","bunfly1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bunfly1","avibase-C1BCE534",null,null,"highlands of northern Luzon; altitude 5,000 feet.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part II. The Highlands of North Luzon, 5000 feet. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/541/mode/1up","Muscicapula luzoniensis"],["27884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis rara","(Salomonsen, 1977)","Steenstrupia 4 (11) p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Mantalingajan Mountains, in southern Palawan (southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6E281FF",null,null,"Mantalingajan Range, Tagembung, Palawan; altitude 1,040 meters.","The thicket flycatcher (Muscicapa hyperythra Blyth) in Palawan with notes on other Philippine mountain flycatchers (Aves, Muscicapidae).",null,"Muscicapa hyperythra rara"],["27885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis calayensis","(McGregor, 1921)","The Philippine Journal of Science 18 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Calayan (far northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC46A450",null,null,"Calayan Island, Babuyanes, Philippine Islands.","New or noteworthy Philippine Birds, III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/1128#page/77/mode/1up","Muscicapa calayensis"],["27886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis luzoniensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.24 p.505-506",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon and Mindoro (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95C07D30",null,null,"highlands of northern Luzon; altitude 5,000 feet.","On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Part II. The Highlands of North Luzon, 5000 feet. With Field-Notes by John Whitehead.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/541/mode/1up","Muscicapula luzoniensis"],["27887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis nigrorum","(Whitehead, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Negros and Panay (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5304EE2",null,null,"Canloan (= Canlaon) Volcano, central Negros, Philippines; altitude 6,000 feet.","[Description of a new Flycatcher from the island of Negros, Philippines].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/403/mode/1up","Muscicapula nigrorum"],["27888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis montigena","(Mearns, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D036FBCD",null,null,"Mt. Apo, Mindanao, Philippine Islands; altitude 6,000 feet.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/26/mode/1up","Muscicapula montigena"],["27889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis matutumensis","Kennedy, 1987","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"mounts Busa and Matutum, south-central Mindanao (Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-116A5ED2",null,null,"Tucay E-el, Mt. Matatum, 3300 to 3500 ft, Tupi, South Cotabato Province, Mindanao, Philippines","New subspecies of Dryocopus javensis (Aves: Picidae) and Ficedula hyperythra (Aves: Muscicapidae) from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107532#page/60/mode/1up","Ficedula hyperythra matutumensis"],["27890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis daggayana","Meyer de Schauensee & du Pont, 1962","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 114, no.4 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F4013E5",null,null,"Daggayan, Misamis Oriental, northern Mindanao; altitude 4,000 feet.","Birds from the Philippine Islands.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064571","Ficedula hyperythra daggayana"],["27891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Ficedula luzoniensis malindangensis","Rand & Rabor, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Malindang region of northwestern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E678867",null,null,"Gandawan, Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippine Islands; altitude 4,500-5,500 feet.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/7/mode/1up","Ficedula hyperythra malindangensis"],["27892","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tarsiger chrysaeus [Hodgson, 1845]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/242/mode/1up","Tarsiger"],["27893","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger hyperythrus","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.132","Rufous-breasted Bush Robin","Rufous-breasted Bush-Robin","Rufous-breasted Bush-robin",null,null,"breeds Himalayas (northeastern India, southeastern Tibet, and southern China); winters to Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709748","rbbrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbbrob1","avibase-40EF82DE",null,null,"Darjeeling.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/164/mode/1up","Ianthia hyperythra"],["27894","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger rufilatus","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.27","Himalayan Bluetail","Himalayan Bluetail","Himalayan Bush-robin",null,null,"breeds in the western Himalayas from northwestern Pakistan eastward to southwestern China; some migrate to northeastern India (Assam) and northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736114","himblu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himblu1","avibase-EBC83ABE",null,null,"central and northern regions of hills, Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/241/mode/1up","Nemura rufilatus"],["27895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger rufilatus pallidior","(Stuart Baker, 1924)","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. ed. 2, 7 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in the western Himalayas from northwestern Pakistan to about central Nepal; primarily resident (although moving to lower elevations in winter)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D02750B4",null,null,"Simla.",null,null,"Ianthia cyanura pallidiora"],["27896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger rufilatus rufilatus","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in the central and eastern Himalayas from about central Nepal eastward to southwestern China; primarily resident (although moving to lower elevations in winter), some migrate to northeastern India (Assam) and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79247AA0",null,null,"central and northern regions of hills, Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/241/mode/1up","Nemura rufilatus"],["27897","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger cyanurus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.664,690,709","Red-flanked Bluetail","Red-flanked Bluetail",null,"2025-0995","Phenotypically cryptic taxon <em>albocoeruleus </em>is recognized as a monotypic species separate from <em>Tarsiger cyanurus</em> based on vocalizations, although mitochondrial DNA divergence (Wei et al. 2022b) is modest.","breeds from Finland and northern Russia eastward to Mongolia, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan; resident in Japan (except for Hokkaido), otherwise winters to southern China, Taiwan, Indochina, Myanmar, and Thailand",null,null,null,"refblu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refblu1","avibase-E54B8DEE",null,null,"Yenisei.",null,null,"Motacilla Cyanurus"],["27898","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger albocoeruleus","Meise, 1937","Journal für Ornithologie 85, no.3 p.550","Qilian Bluetail","Qilian Bluetail",null,"2025-0995","Phenotypically cryptic taxon <em>albocoeruleus </em>is recognized as a monotypic species separate from <em>Tarsiger cyanurus</em> based on vocalizations, although mitochondrial DNA divergence (Wei et al. 2022b) is modest.","breeds in north-central China (northeastern Qinghai, northern Gansu, Shanxi, and Beijing); wintering range remains to be elucidated",null,null,null,"refblu2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refblu2","avibase-90473B60",null,null,"Tschau-tou on the Tetung-ho, northern Kansu [= northeastern Tsinghai] .","Aves Beickianae. Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Nord-west-Kansu nach den Forschungen von Walter Beick ( ) in den Jahren 1926-1933.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01905592","Tarsiger cyanurus albocaeruleus"],["27899","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger formosanus","Hartert, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.32","Taiwan Bush Robin","Taiwan Bush-Robin",null,"2025-0996","Taxon <em>formosanus </em>is recognized as a species separate from <em>Tarsiger indicus</em> based on divergence in plumage, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (Wei et al. 2022b).","mountains of Taiwan",null,null,null,"whbbur3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbur3","avibase-F23554C4",null,null,"Mount Arizan.","Exhibition of a new subspecies of Flycatcher from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/300/mode/1up","Tarsiger indicus formosanus"],["27900","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger indicus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.267","White-browed Bush Robin","White-browed Bush-Robin",null,"2025-0996","Taxon <em>formosanus </em>is recognized as a species separate from <em>Tarsiger indicus</em> based on divergence in plumage, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA (Wei et al. 2022b).","montane brushy understory broadleaf and coniferous forest, rhododendron thickets, treeline scrub, and rocky wooded ravines, from northern India eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to northern Myanmar and northern Vietnam; moves downslope post-breeding",null,null,null,"wbbrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbbrob1","avibase-148357B5",null,null,"restricted to Darjeeling by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 74.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/283/mode/1up","Sylvia indica"],["27901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger indicus indicus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Nepal to Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, and Assam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EBB99DC",null,null,"restricted to Darjeeling by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 74.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/283/mode/1up","Sylvia indica"],["27902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger indicus yunnanensis","Rothschild, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern China (Yunnan); winters to northern Myanmar and northern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3CBFB38",null,null,"Lichiang Range, 10,000 feet, northern Yunnan.","Description of new species and subspecies of Yunnan Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/416/mode/1up","Tarsiger indicus yunnanensis"],["27903","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger johnstoniae","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.118","Collared Bush Robin","Collared Bush-Robin","Collared Bush-robin",null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709753","cobrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cobrob1","avibase-55B75532",null,null,"Mount Morrison, 8,000 feet.","On new species from Central Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/144/mode/1up","Ianthia johnstoniae"],["27904","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger chrysaeus","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.28","Golden Bush Robin","Golden Bush-Robin","Golden Bush-robin",null,null,"montane understory in fir-dominated coniferous belt to tree-line, bamboo and dwarf rhododendron scrub, riparian willow thickets, and alpine meadow, from northeastern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to central China, and southward to northern Myanmar; alpine populations disperse downslope as far as northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22709738","gobrob1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobrob1","avibase-CF1D988A",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/242/mode/1up","Tarsiger chrysaeus"],["27905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger chrysaeus whistleri","Ticehurst, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan to Kashmir and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06C223E4",null,null,"Simla, Punjab, Himalayas.","Descriptions of new races of Indian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/343/mode/1up","Tarsiger chrysaeus whistleri"],["27906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Tarsiger chrysaeus chrysaeus","Hodgson, 1845","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Nepal to northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and western China; winters to northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-992D7896",null,null,"Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/242/mode/1up","Tarsiger chrysaeus"],["27907","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heteroxenicus","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 no.87 p.55",null,null,null,"2025-0204","Taxon <em>stellatus </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Heteroxenicus </em>based on morphological, vocal (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005), and genetic (Price et al. 2014) evidence.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Brachypteryx (Drymochares) stellatus [Gould, 1868]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/313/mode/1up","Heteroxenicus"],["27908","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heteroxenicus stellatus","(Gould, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.218","Gould's Shortwing","Gould's Shortwing","Gould's Shortwing","2025-0204","Taxon <em>stellatus </em>is placed in the monospecific genus <em>Heteroxenicus </em>based on morphological, vocal (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005), and genetic (Price et al. 2014) evidence.","Himalayas from Nepal to Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, northeastern Myanmar, and mountains of northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708970","gousho1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gousho1","avibase-5D15D786",null,null,"Nepal.","On four New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/272/mode/1up","Brachypteryx (Drymochares) stellatus"],["27909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heteroxenicus stellatus stellatus","(Gould, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Nepal to Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northeastern Myanmar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ED0F4A7",null,null,"Nepal.","On four New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/272/mode/1up","Brachypteryx (Drymochares) stellatus"],["27910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Heteroxenicus stellatus fuscus","(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11, pt.2, no.7 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Vietnam (northwestern Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92004A4C",null,null,"Chapa, Tonkin.","Description de trente Oiseaux de l'Indochine française.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/234051/em-description-de-trente-oiseaux-de-l-indochine-em-francaise","Brachypteryx stellatus fuscus"],["27911","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus","Forster, 1817","A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.16",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phoenicurus ruticilla [T. Forster, 1817]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Sylvia phoenicurus Latham et auct. = Motacilla phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47775#page/28/mode/1up","Phoenicurus"],["27912","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus erythronotus","(Eversmann, 1841)","Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Zoographiam Rosso-Asiaticam 2 p.11-12","Eversmann's Redstart","Rufous-backed Redstart","Eversmann's Redstart",null,null,"breeds montane forest of central Asia; winters to Iran and northern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710034","rubred2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubred2","avibase-03E448A1",null,null,"in saxosis montium altaicorum, prope pagum Uimon, occisos [in the rocky Altaic mountains, near the village of Uimon; Altai region].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48330#page/57/mode/1up","Sylvia Erythronota"],["27913","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus alaschanicus","(Przevalski, 1876)","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.40 pl.9 fig.2","Przevalski's Redstart","Ala Shan Redstart","Ala Shan Redstart",null,null,"montane coniferous forest of northern China to northeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710030","alsred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alsred1","avibase-40DEDD83",null,null,"Ala Shan [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Ruticilla alaschanica"],["27914","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus frontalis","Vigors, 1831","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.6 text to pl.26, f.1","Blue-fronted Redstart","Blue-fronted Redstart","Blue-fronted Redstart",null,null,"breeds Himalayas of southern Asia; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710084","blfred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfred1","avibase-F6732792",null,null,"Himalayas; restricted to Garhwal by Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 69.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/121/mode/1up","Phoenicura frontalis"],["27915","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus coeruleocephala","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35","Blue-capped Redstart","Blue-capped Redstart","Blue-capped Redstart",null,null,"montane juniper and pine forest of southern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710043","bucred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bucred1","avibase-DDD9AFC2",null,null,"Himalayas.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Phœnicura cœeruleocephala"],["27916","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus schisticeps","(Gray & Gray, 1847)","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.69,153","White-throated Redstart","White-throated Redstart","White-throated Redstart",null,null,"breeds Nepal to southern Tibet and west-central China; winters to Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710063","whtred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtred1","avibase-B28F28BC",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/85/mode/1up","Ruticilla schisticeps"],["27917","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus leucocephalus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35","White-capped Redstart","White-capped Redstart","White-capped Water-redstart",null,null,"breeds Himalayas of southern Asia; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710087","whcred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcred1","avibase-D2E75830",null,null,"Himalaya ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Phoenicura leucocephala"],["27918","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus bicolor","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49","Luzon Water Redstart","Luzon Redstart","Luzon Water-redstart",null,null,"rocky streams of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710101","luzred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzred1","avibase-4DB42DF9",null,null,"northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Chimarrhornis bicolor"],["27919","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus fuliginosus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35","Plumbeous Water Redstart","Plumbeous Redstart","Plumbeous Water-redstart",null,null,"foothill to montane clear rocky streams, often in forest, and rivers, from northeastern Afghanistan eastward to eastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan southward to northern Indochina; some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710092","plured1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plured1","avibase-1850B440",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Phoenicura fuliginosa"],["27920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus fuliginosus fuliginosus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.3 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Pakistan to Myanmar, southeastern Tibet, western China, and northern Vietnam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F784EF28",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition and description of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/49/mode/1up","Phoenicura fuliginosa"],["27921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus fuliginosus affinis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-043F22B5",null,null,"Mount Morrison, 6,000 ft., central Formosa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/144/mode/1up","Xanthopygia affinis"],["27922","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus auroreus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695","Daurian Redstart","Daurian Redstart","Daurian Redstart",null,null,"submontane to montane sparse woodland, riverside thickets, willow thicket in moorland, scrub, and gardens, from south-central Siberia eastward to Ussuriland, and southward to central China, Korean Peninsula, and locally in Japan (southward to Honshu); migrates to northeastern India, northern Thailand, southeastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710066","daured1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daured1","avibase-E859E499",null,null,"Selenga River.",null,null,"Motacilla aurorea"],["27923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus auroreus leucopterus","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.962",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western China to southeastern Tibet and northwestern Thailand; winters to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2583739B",null,null,"Malay Peninsula.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/478/mode/1up","Phoenicura leucoptera"],["27924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus auroreus auroreus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Siberia and Mongolia to Korean Peninsula, central Honshu, and northeastern China; winters to Japan and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72A49B50",null,null,"Selenga River.",null,null,"Motacilla aurorea"],["27925","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus hodgsoni","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.303","Hodgson's Redstart","Hodgson's Redstart","Hodgson's Redstart",null,null,"breeds Himalayas of west-central China; winters to India and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710060","hodred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hodred1","avibase-015533E2",null,null,"Bootan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/339/mode/1up","Ruticilla Hodgsoni"],["27926","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus erythrogastrus","(Güldenstädt, 1775)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.469, pl.16-17","Güldenstädt's Redstart","White-winged Redstart","White-winged Redstart",null,null,"montane to alpine boulder-strewn meadows, dwarf scrub, lightly-wooded scree, and gorges, disjunctly in Caucasus, and from central Siberia southward through western China to eastern Afghanistan, and thence eastward through Himalayas to Nepal; some disperse downslope in winter, others migrate to northeastern or south-central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710072","whwred2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwred2","avibase-3B01E171",null,null,"Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113774#page/555/mode/1up","Motacilla erythrogastra"],["27927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus erythrogastrus erythrogastrus","(Güldenstädt, 1775)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.469, pl.16-17",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus Mountains to southern Caspian region of Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79A4DA7D",null,null,"Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113774#page/555/mode/1up","Motacilla erythrogastra"],["27928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus erythrogastrus grandis","(Gould, 1850)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.17, no.196 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"central Asia to southeastern Tibet, southern China, Pakistan, and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4C47F53",null,null,"Afghanistan and Tibet.","Descriptions of three new species of Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96165#page/168/mode/1up","Ruticilla grandis"],["27929","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus ochruros","(Gmelin, 1774)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 3 p.101, pl.19, fig.3","Black Redstart","Black Redstart","Black Redstart",null,null,"disjunctly from lowland to montane sparsely vegetated rocky areas, crags and gulleys, rocky ridges to snow-line, and urban ruins, from western Europe eastward to Ukraine, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Caucasus, and Iran, and from eastern Kazakhstan eastward to Mongolia and north-central China, and southward to western Pakistan, Nepal, and northern Myanmar; northern populations migrate to northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710051","blared1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blared1","avibase-612B5C24",null,null,"Mountains of northern Gilan, Iran [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11062279?page=109&q=Motacilla+Ochruros","Mottacilla Ochruros"],["27930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.987-988",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe, western Türkiye, and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D58EA23C",null,null,"Gibraltar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/488/mode/1up","Motacilla gibraltariensis"],["27931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus ochruros ochruros","(Gmelin, 1774)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 3 p.101, pl.19, fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of eastern Türkiye to northern Iran; winters to Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-101DB1EE",null,null,"Mountains of northern Gilan, Iran [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11062279?page=109&q=Motacilla+Ochruros","Mottacilla Ochruros"],["27932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus ochruros semirufus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds hills of Syria and Lebanon; winters to Israel and Sinai Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3529E78",null,null,"Egypt [eTrore = Syria, vide Stresemann, 1954, Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss., Berlin, no. 1, p. 175].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/63/mode/1up","Sylvia semirufa"],["27933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1, Appendix no.1 p.xvii (in list), 301",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran and Turkmenistan eastward to southeastern Kazakhstan, northwestern China, and south-central and eastern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7B82161",null,null,"Shikarpur, Sind.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/337/mode/1up","Ruticilla phoenicuroides"],["27934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus ochruros murinus","Fedorenko, 2018","Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 322(2) 108-128.",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Kazakhstan, south-central Siberia, far north-central China and west-central Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC5B700F",null,null,"Tolobuha, Chulyshman river, Altai Republic, Russia, 51.1750°N, 87.7180°E; coll.: Folitarek S.S., 23.06.1935","A new subspecies of the Black Redstart – Phoenicurus ochruros murinus subsp. nov. from the Altai-Sayan mountainous country and the current breeding range of the Black Redstart.","https://www.zin.ru/journals/trudyzin/doc/vol_322_2/TZ_322_2_Fedorenko.pdf","Phoenicurus ochruros murinus"],["27935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"Central Himalayas to central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F86E30E9",null,null,"southern Africa, errore; restricted to Gyantse, Tibet by Baker, 1921, Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 712.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/441/mode/1up","Oenanthe rufiventris"],["27936","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus moussieri","(Olphe-Galliard, 1852)","Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie (2), 4 p.101 pl.2","Moussier's Redstart","Moussier's Redstart","Moussier's Redstart",null,null,"foothill to montane xerophytic steppe scrub, upland rocky meadow, open oak-scrub woodland, and cedar forest edge, from Morocco eastward to northern Tunisia; moves downslope in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710069","moured1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moured1","avibase-7A8D10C0",null,null,"Oran Province, Algeria [reference not verified] .","Note sur une espèce nouvelle d'oiseau de l'Algérie, appartenant au genre RUBIETTE (Erithacus Moussieri), suivie de quelques Observations sur des Oiseaux du Haut-Valais.",null,"Erythacus Moussieri"],["27937","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus phoenicurus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187","Common Redstart","Common Redstart","Common Redstart",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, forest edge, orchards, old gardens, and parks, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to central Siberia and northern Mongolia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Middle East, and western China; winters to African Sahel, eastern Africa, and southwestern Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710055","comred2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comred2","avibase-06DD9D95",null,null,"'in Europa' ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 718.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla Phoenicurus"],["27938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Europe and North Africa to central Asia; winters to tropical Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3488A4C8",null,null,"'in Europa' ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 718.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/207/mode/1up","Motacilla Phoenicurus"],["27939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Phoenicurus phoenicurus samamisicus","(Hablizl, 1783)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 3 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Crimea and Caucasus to western Afghanistan; winters to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6707A9E2",null,null,"Gilan Alps, Iran [reference not verified] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102975#page/69/mode/1up","Motacilla samamisica"],["27940","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola","Boie, 1822","Isis von Oken 10, heft 5 col.552",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus saxatilis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1847, The Genera of Birds, 1 (1849), p. 220).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87990#page/284/mode/1up","Monticola"],["27941","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola cinclorhyncha","(Vigors, 1831)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.7 text to pl.19","Blue-capped Rock Thrush","Blue-capped Rock-Thrush","Blue-capped Rock-thrush",null,null,"breeds mountains of eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and India; winters to Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708271","bcrthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcrthr1","avibase-A84C5E18",null,null,"Himalayan mountains [= Simla, fide Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 719].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/93/mode/1up","Petrocincla cinclorhyncha"],["27942","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola rufiventris","(Jardine & Selby, 1833)","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.9 pl.129, with text","Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush","Chestnut-bellied Rock-Thrush","Chestnut-bellied Rock-thrush",null,null,"Pakistan to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708281","cbrthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbrthr1","avibase-7305993C",null,null,"Himalayan district ; restricted to Simla by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 523.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/293/mode/1up","Petrocincla rufiventris"],["27943","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola gularis","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5 p.93 pl.3","White-throated Rock Thrush","White-throated Rock-Thrush","White-throated Rock-thrush",null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to northeastern China and Korean Peninsula; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708276","wtrthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtrthr1","avibase-AC6BC1EC",null,null,"Peking.","Additions and Corrections to the Ornithology of Northern China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/117/mode/1up","Oroecetes gularis"],["27944","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola brevipes","(Waterhouse, 1838)","An expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa, through the hitherto undescribed countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras 2 App. p.263","Short-toed Rock Thrush","Short-toed Rock-Thrush","Short-toed Rock-thrush",null,null,"foothill to montane arid scrub, grassland with rock outcrops, and escarpments, from western Angola southward to Namibia, southeastern Botswana, and South Africa; local downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708239","strthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strthr1","avibase-A20D777F",null,null,"Tans Mountain, Damaraland, near Walvis Bay.",null,null,"Petrocincla brevipes"],["27945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola brevipes brevipes","(Waterhouse, 1838)","An expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa, through the hitherto undescribed countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras 2 App. p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and western South Africa (western Northern Cape and northwestern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9516763",null,null,"Tans Mountain, Damaraland, near Walvis Bay.",null,null,"Petrocincla brevipes"],["27946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola brevipes pretoriae","Gunning & Roberts, 1911","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3, no.2 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, central South Africa (eastward from Northern Cape) and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1876CDAB",null,null,"near Pretoria. [South Africa]","New records and descriptions of new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum Collection.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203783#page/164/mode/1up","Monticola pretoriae"],["27947","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola explorator","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.260","Sentinel Rock Thrush","Sentinel Rock-Thrush","Sentinel Rock-thrush",null,null,"breeds montane grassland and rocky outcrops in southern and eastern South Africa, Lesotho, and western Eswatini; downslope migration, occurs in austral winter to southern Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708233","serthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/serthr1","avibase-CCC257D0",null,null,"mountains of the Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/278/mode/1up","Turdus explorator"],["27948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola explorator explorator","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern South Africa (southward to southwestern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80BA50E8",null,null,"mountains of the Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/278/mode/1up","Turdus explorator"],["27949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola explorator tenebriformis","Clancey, 1952","Durban Museum Novitates 4, no.1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Eswatini (Lebombo Mountains); winters northward to southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A5604B9",null,null,"near Ingwavuma, Lebombo Mountains, northeastern Zululand.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. 4. A New Race of Sentinel Rock-Thrush Monticola explorator (Vieillot).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1931","Monticola explorator tenebriformis"],["27950","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola imerina","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.97","Littoral Rock Thrush","Littoral Rock-Thrush",null,null,null,"arid littoral of southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,"litrot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litrot1","avibase-7DFEBA9C",null,null,"St. Augustine Bay, southeastern Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/109/mode/1up","C[ossypha] imerina"],["27951","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola erythronotus","(Lavauden, 1929)","Alauda: Études et Notes Ornithologiques 1, no.4 p.232","Amber Mountain Rock Thrush","Amber Mountain Rock-Thrush","Amber Mountain Rock-thrush","2025-0173","Taxon <em>erythronotus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Monticola sharpei</em> (polytypic, including <em>bensoni</em>) based on available evidence. Although male plumage and meristic traits separate <em>erythronotus </em>from <em>M. sharpei</em>, mitochondrial DNA divergence is relatively weak (Cruaud et al. 2011), possibly due to introgression; further research needed to confirm species limits in this complex.","highland forest of northernmost Madagascar (Montagne d'Ambre)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22730713","ammrot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ammrot1","avibase-6BE53CFC",null,null,"Ambre Mountain, Madagascar.","Description de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_ALAUD_1929_T001_N004","Cossypha sharpei erythronota"],["27952","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola sharpei","(Gray, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.48 p.429","Forest Rock Thrush","Forest Rock-Thrush",null,"2025-0173","Taxon <em>erythronotus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Monticola sharpei</em> (polytypic, including <em>bensoni</em>) based on available evidence. Although male plumage and meristic traits separate <em>erythronotus </em>from <em>M. sharpei</em>, mitochondrial DNA divergence is relatively weak (Cruaud et al. 2011), possibly due to introgression; further research needed to confirm species limits in this complex.","Madagascar (except far southwestern and southern)",null,null,null,"forrot2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forrot2","avibase-17CE23D4",null,null,"Madagascar [= forests east of Ambatondrazaka (Lake Alaotra), fide Grandidier, 1879, Hist, phys. nat. pol. Madagascar, Ois., 1, p. 370].","LII. On a new Species of Caprimulgus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/443/mode/1up","Cossypha Sharpei"],["27953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola sharpei sharpei","(Gray, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.48 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest in east-central Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFFDDD4B",null,null,"Madagascar [= forests east of Ambatondrazaka (Lake Alaotra), fide Grandidier, 1879, Hist, phys. nat. pol. Madagascar, Ois., 1, p. 370].","LII. On a new Species of Caprimulgus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/443/mode/1up","Cossypha Sharpei"],["27954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola sharpei bensoni","Farkas, 1971","Ostrich suppl. 9 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"montane rocky areas of south-central Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52418334",null,null,"Ankarefu, Antinosy Cy., SW Madagascar","Monticola bensoni, a new species from south-western Madagascar.",null,"Monticola bensoni"],["27955","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola rufocinereus","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.76 pl.27","Little Rock Thrush","Little Rock-Thrush","Little Rock-thrush",null,null,"foothill to montane rocky scrub, lightly wooded open slopes, and ravines, in southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708265","lirthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lirthr1","avibase-566669CC",null,null,"Simen Province, northern Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/156/mode/1up","Saxicola rufocinerea"],["27956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola rufocinereus rufocinereus","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.76 pl.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, northern Somalia, southern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D37D7459",null,null,"Simen Province, northern Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/156/mode/1up","Saxicola rufocinerea"],["27957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola rufocinereus sclateri","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Arabian Peninsula (southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44819125",null,null,"Wasil, 4,000 ft., Yemen.","A few notes on the Birds of Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/521/mode/1up","Monticola rufocinerea sclateri"],["27958","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola saxatilis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.294","Common Rock Thrush","Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush","Rufous-tailed Rock-thrush",null,null,"breeds rocky regions of southern Palearctic region; winters to eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708257","rtrthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtrthr1","avibase-736D38E7",null,null,"Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/298/mode/1up","[Turdus] saxatilis"],["27959","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola solitarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170","Blue Rock Thrush","Blue Rock-Thrush","Blue Rock-thrush",null,null,"lowland to montane steep rocky valleys, crags and gorges, sea cliffs, and ruins, from Iberia eastward through Türkiye and Caucasus to southern Kazakhstan, and in northeastern China and Korean Peninsula eastward to Sakhalin and Japan including southward to Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) islands, and southward to northwestern Africa, Levant, Middle East, Himalayas, southeastern China, and Taiwan, thence southward to Philippines, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra; altitudinal migrant and long-distance migrant in winter, reaching western and northeastern Africa, India, and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708286","burthr","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burthr","avibase-41D76F4B",null,null,"Oriente [= Italy, ex Willoughby, vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 674].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","[Turdus] solitarius"],["27960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola solitarius solitarius","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Europe, northwestern Africa and Middle East; winters to central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2520457",null,null,"Oriente [= Italy, ex Willoughby, vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 674].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/189/mode/1up","[Turdus] solitarius"],["27961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola solitarius longirostris","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.150-151",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Iraq and Iran to Pakistan; winters to northern India and northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-905703AF",null,null,"from Sind to Ferozepore.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/182/mode/1up","P[etrocincla] longirostris"],["27962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola solitarius pandoo","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northeastern Afghanistan and western China eastward through Himalayas to central and southeastern China; winters to India and southeastern Asia, southward to the Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC28E2F9",null,null,"Ghats, Deccan.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/291/mode/1up","Petrocincla Pandoo"],["27963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola solitarius philippensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Mongolia, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, Sakhalin, southern Kuril Islands, Japan including Ryukyu, Daito, Ogasawara (Bonin), and Iwo (Volcano) islands, coastal Taiwan, and northern Philippines (Batanes Islands); non-breeding to southeastern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, southeastern Asia, and Philippines southward to Sundas, Moluccas, and Palau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA8D007A",null,null,"Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/165/mode/1up","Turdus Philippensis"],["27964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola solitarius madoci","Chasen, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1832DFEE",null,null,"Batu Caves near Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malay States.","A new Race of Rock-Thrush from the Malay States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/127/mode/1up","Monticola solitarius madoci"],["27965","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola semirufus","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.74 pl.25","White-winged Cliff Chat","White-winged Cliff-Chat","White-winged Cliff-chat",null,null,"foothill to montane scrubby gorges, wooded rocky ravines, and open Podocarpus forest with rocky outcrops, in south-central Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710457","wwccha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wwccha1","avibase-6A984F97",null,null,"Zana [= Lake Tsana, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop, p. 464].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/154/mode/1up","Saxicola semirufa"],["27966","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola rupestris","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.281","Cape Rock Thrush","Cape Rock-Thrush","Cape Rock-thrush",null,null,"lowland to montane rocky mountain slopes, cliffs and gorges with scattered bushes, and old buildings, in southern and eastern South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708227","carthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carthr1","avibase-22E11A7D",null,null,"near Cape Town [= Table Mountain, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 449] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60115#page/299/mode/1up","Turdus rupestris"],["27967","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola angolensis","Sousa, 1888","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 12 p.225,233","Miombo Rock Thrush","Miombo Rock-Thrush","Miombo Rock-thrush",null,null,"foothill to montane miombo woodland from western Angola eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western and southern Tanzania, thence southward to northeastern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and western Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22708251","mirthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mirthr1","avibase-57DB5D4E",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54858#page/259/mode/1up","Monticola angolensis"],["27968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola angolensis angolensis","Sousa, 1888","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 12 p.225,233",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Zambia, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-043421AF",null,null,"Caconda, Benguella, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54858#page/259/mode/1up","Monticola angolensis"],["27969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Monticola angolensis hylophilus","Clancey, 1965","Durban Museum Novitates 8, no.1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia to Zimbabwe, western Malawi, and western Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9824AF6C",null,null,"Malimasimbi-Manyoni road at 18° 16' S., 28° 13' E ., west of Gokwe, north-western Rhodesia. 9th May, 1964","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 23. 2. Racial variation in the Rock-Thrush Monticola angolensis Sousa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1465","Monticola angolensis hylophila"],["27970","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola","Bechstein, 1802","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 1 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla rubicola [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, 10 (1827), p. 172).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/256/mode/1up","Saxicola"],["27971","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola jerdoni","(Blyth, 1867)","Ibis ser.2, vol.3, no.9 p.14","Jerdon's Bush Chat","Jerdon's Bushchat","Jerdon's Bushchat",null,null,"eastern India and Bangladesh eastward to south-central China (western Yunnan), northeastern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710214","jerbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jerbus1","avibase-161A2629",null,null,"Purneah",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34616#page/32/mode/1up","Oreicola jerdoni"],["27972","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola ferreus","Gray & Gray, 1847","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.71,153","Grey Bush Chat","Gray Bushchat","Grey Bushchat",null,null,"foothill to montane open scrub, forest edge, terraced agriculture, weedy fields, and gardens, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to central and southeastern China, and southward to western Myanmar and northern Thailand, and disjunctly in northern Laos and central Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710218","grybus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grybus1","avibase-1580864C",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/87/mode/1up","Saxicola ferrea"],["27973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola ferreus ferreus","Gray & Gray, 1847","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.71,153",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in the Himalayas from northwestern Pakistan eastward to Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, north-central Laos, and central Vietnam (southern Annam), and (probably this subspecies) in southern China (southeastern Tibet, western and southern Yunnan); in winter to northern India, southern Myanmar, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4AC380F7",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/87/mode/1up","Saxicola ferrea"],["27974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola ferreus haringtoni","(Hartert, 1910)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.711",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern China (northward to Gansu and Shaanxi eastward to Shanghai); winters to southern China and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E75834A3",null,null,"Lien-kiang, near Fu-tschau [Foochow], China.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/801/mode/1up","Oreicola ferrea haringtoni"],["27975","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola gutturalis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.421","White-bellied Bush Chat","Timor Bushchat","White-bellied Bushchat",null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor, Rote, and Semau)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710226","timbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timbus1","avibase-FC6AF842",null,null,"New Holland [errore = Timor].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/431/mode/1up","Oenanthe gutturalis"],["27976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola gutturalis gutturalis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Timor and Rote)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E74905B",null,null,"New Holland [errore = Timor].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/431/mode/1up","Oenanthe gutturalis"],["27977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola gutturalis luctuosus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"Semau (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72501959",null,null,"Semau.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/478/mode/1up","S[axicola] luctuosa"],["27978","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola rubetra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186","Whinchat","Whinchat","Whinchat",null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic; winters to tropical and southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710156","whinch1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whinch1","avibase-A0EDAEA2",null,null,"Europa [= Sweden].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/205/mode/1up","Motacilla Rubetra"],["27979","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola macrorhynchus","(Stoliczka, 1872)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.3 p.238","White-browed Bush Chat","White-browed Bushchat","White-browed Bushchat",null,null,"arid plains of southern Afghanistan, eastern Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710160","whbbus4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbus4","avibase-BB5C7A45",null,null,"near Rapur, Wagur District and near Bhuj, Kutch.","Notice on the Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/248/mode/1up","Pratincola macrorhyncha"],["27980","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.335","Pied Bush Chat","Pied Bushchat","Pied Bushchat",null,null,"lowland to montane bare stony ground, scrubby open grassland, steppe, thickets near reedbeds, tamarisk scrub, and abandoned pasture, from southern Kazakhstan and eastern Iran eastward through Indian subcontinent, and Sri Lanka, to southeastern Asia, and southward Philippines, Sulawesi, Java, Lesser Sundas, New Guinea, and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710209","piebus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piebus1","avibase-A64A1FA2",null,null,"Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/339/mode/1up","Motacilla Caprata"],["27981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata rossorum","(Hartert, 1910)","Journal für Ornithologie 58, no.1 p.180-181",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Transcaspia to eastern Iran, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan, western Pakistan; winters to southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBC30E2C",null,null,"Merv, in Transcaspia.","Altes und Neues über die Gattung Praticola Koch.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43496#page/202/mode/1up","Pratincola caprata rossorum"],["27982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata bicolor","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan, Kashmir, northern India (southward to Gujarat, eastward to Uttarakhand and West Bengal) and southern Nepal; non-breeding to southern Pakistan and northern and central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70DB681A",null,null,"Dukhun.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/296/mode/1up","Saxicola bicolor"],["27983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata burmanicus","Stuart Baker, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"central India to southwestern China, Myanmar, northern Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64C68039",null,null,"Pegu.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Sylviidae and Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/425/mode/1up","Saxicola caprata burmanica"],["27984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata nilgiriensis","Whistler, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India (western Madras and Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F9602BD",null,null,"Ootacamund, Madras.","A new Race of Bush-Chat from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/120/mode/1up","Saxicola caprata nilgiriensis"],["27985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata atratus","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.2 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E6E0464",null,null,"Newera Elia, Ceylon.","Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting Ceylon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/225/mode/1up","Pratincola atrata"],["27986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata caprata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Lubang, and Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CFDC346",null,null,"Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/339/mode/1up","Motacilla Caprata"],["27987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata randi","Parkes, 1960","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 73 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Negros, Bohol, Masbate, Ticao, Cebu, and Siquijor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFA61C60",null,null,"Bondo, Siaton, Negros, Philippine Islands.","New subspecies of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107739#page/287/mode/1up","Saxicola caprata randi"],["27988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata anderseni","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao, Camiguin Sur, Leyte and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01475054",null,null,"Del Monte, Bukidnon Province, central Mindanao.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Saxicola caprata anderseni"],["27989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata fruticola","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen, and Alor (western and central Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-632ABD4C",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/176/mode/1up","Saxicola fruticola"],["27990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata pyrrhonotus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Kisar, Wetar, Sawu, Semau, Rote, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B821092C",null,null,"New Holland [errore = Timor].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/438/mode/1up","Oenanthe pyrrhonota"],["27991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata francki","Rensch, 1931","Treubia 13, no.3-4 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E281412",null,null,"Laora.","Ueber einige Vogelsammlungen des Buitenzorger Museums von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v13i3-4.1954","Saxicola caprata francki"],["27992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata albonotatus","(Stresemann, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Salayar and Buton islands (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-064C3EA4",null,null,"Indrulaman, Celebes.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/341/mode/1up","Pratincola caprata albonotata"],["27993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata cognatus","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Babar Island (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66EC61F6",null,null,"Tepa, Babar Island. August 29, 1905; H. Kühn coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Saxicola caprata cognata"],["27994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata aethiops","(Sclater, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.1 p.66, pl. VII, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea and New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA582F8F",null,null,"Kabakadai, New Britain.","On a Fifth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and its Vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/112/mode/1up","Poecilodryas aethiops"],["27995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata belensis","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central mountains of New Guinea (Wissel Lakes to Snow Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EE755EB",null,null,"Balim River, 1,600 m., Snow Mountains, Netherland New Guinea [=Baliem River, Maoke Mountains, Highland Papua, Indonesia]","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New birds from the 1938-1939 Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Saxicola caprata belensis"],["27996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola caprata wahgiensis","Mayr & Gilliard, 1951","American Museum Novitates no.1524 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"central highlands of New Guinea to Huon Peninsula and southeastern mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2FEE5BD",null,null,"Mafulu, Central Division, Papua, New Guinea.","New species and subspecies of birds from the highlands of New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3912/","Saxicola caprata wahgiensis"],["27997","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola insignis","Gray & Gray, 1847","Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.71,153","White-throated Bush Chat","White-throated Bushchat","White-throated Bushchat",null,null,"rocky alpine meadows of central Asia; winters to northern India",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710172","whtbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtbus1","avibase-8C0E2D62",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77056#page/87/mode/1up","Saxicola insignis"],["27998","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola leucurus","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.474","White-tailed Stonechat","White-tailed Stonechat","White-tailed Stonechat",null,null,"eastern Pakistan to Nepal, northern India, and Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710202","whtsto2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtsto2","avibase-54793140",null,null,"upper Sind.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/530/mode/1up","Pratincola leucura"],["27999","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola maurus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.428","Siberian Stonechat",null,null,"2025-0171, 2025-0172","2025-0171)) Taxon <em>stejnegeri </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Saxicola maurus</em> pending further research. Although mitochondrial DNA data (Zink et al. 2009; Illera et al. 2008) indicate the presence of deep divergences within the Asian stonechats, not all taxa have been sampled. Furthermore, unsampled taxa have senior scientific names and may be closely related to <em>stejnegeri</em>; consequently, the split of <em>stejnegeri </em>is considered premature; genomic data required. 2025-0172)) <em>Saxicola torquatus</em> is treated as three species based on available evidence: <em>S. maurus</em> (Asian stonechats, polytypic); <em>S. torquatus</em> (African stonechats, polytypic); and <em>S. rubicola</em> (European stonechats, polytypic). Genomic (Van Doren et al. 2017) and mitochondrial DNA data (Zink et al. 2009; Illera et al. 2008) do not recover <em>S. torquatus sensu lato </em>as monophyletic, with <em>S. dacotiae </em>embedded within it. A more comprehensive taxonomic review of this complex is required given the ecological and phenotypic similarities among these species.","breeds eastern Europe and Russia southward through Himalayas and eastern to eastern Siberia, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu); winters eastern Africa to southern China and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3380CFC5",null,null,"Karassum [, Ishim River, western Siberia] .",null,null,"Muscicapa maura"],["28000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola maurus hemprichii","Ehrenberg, 1833","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.aa p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds steppes of Ukraine (lower Don River) and eastern Crimea, eastward to Kalmykiya plains and northeastern Volga Delta area, southward to northern slopes of Caucasus and northern Azerbaijan; non-breeding to northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74194190",null,null,"Egypt, etc.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/62/mode/1up","Saxicola hemprichii"],["28001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola maurus variegatus","(Gmelin, 1774)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 3 p.105, pl. 20, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of northeastern Türkiye to Transcaucasia and northwestern and southwestern Iran; non-breeding to northeastern Africa and southwesern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83ACCD59",null,null,"Shemakha.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11062279?page=113&q=Parus+Varietagus","Parus Varietagus [sic]"],["28002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola maurus maurus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and eastern European Russia eastward to Mongolia and eastern Tian Shan, southward to northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, and western Pakistan; has bred in eastern Finland; non-breeding southwestern and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA62EC9B",null,null,"Karassum [, Ishim River, western Siberia] .",null,null,"Muscicapa maura"],["28003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola maurus indicus","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas (Kashmir to Sikkim and Assam); winters to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0CAB8F3",null,null,"India; restricted to Kashmir by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 709.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/161/mode/1up","Pr[atincola] indica"],["28004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola maurus przewalskii","(Pleske, 1889)","Nauchnuie rezul'tatui puteshestvii N. M. Przheval'skago po tzentral'noi Azii (etc.) Zool. Theil. 2, Vögel p.46, pl. 4, fig. 1, 2, 3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Tibetan Plateau eastward to central China (northeastern Qinghai eastward to Shanxi and western Hubei, southward to Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi), southward to northeastern Myanmar and northern Indochina; non-breeding northern and northeastern India eastward to southeastern China and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61A1B00E",null,null,"mountains of Kansu and eastern Turkestan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109413#page/54/mode/1up","Pratincola maura var. Przewalskii"],["28005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola maurus stejnegeri","(Parrot, 1908)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 8 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia to Korean Peninsula and Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu); winters to southern China and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80216E85",null,null,"Iterup (Etorofu) and Jesso (Hakodate), northern Japan.","Über eine Vogelsammlung aus Siam und Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35430#page/132/mode/1up","Pr[atincola] rubicola stejnegeri"],["28006","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola tectes","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.940","Reunion Stonechat","Reunion Stonechat","Reunion Stonechat",null,null,"Réunion (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710197","reusto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reusto1","avibase-63C0999F",null,null,"Bourbon",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/441/mode/1up","Muscicapa tectes"],["28007","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.328","African Stonechat","African Stonechat",null,"2025-0170, 2025-0172","2025-0170)) Taxon <em>sibilla </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Saxicola torquatus</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Mitochondrial DNA data (Woog et al. 2008) revealed a relatively deep divergence between <em>sibilla</em> and <em>S. t. axillaris,</em> but taxon sampling is incomplete, and historical introgression has not been ruled out; a comprehensive genetic review based on genomic DNA is required. 2025-0172)) <em>Saxicola torquatus</em> is treated as three species based on available evidence: <em>S. maurus</em> (Asian stonechats, polytypic);<em> S. torquatus </em>(African stonechats, polytypic); and <em>S. rubicola</em> (European stonechats, polytypic). Genomic (Van Doren et al. 2017) and mitochondrial DNA data (Zink et al. 2009; Illera et al. 2008) do not recover <em>S. torquatus sensu lato</em> as monophyletic, with<em> S. dacotiae</em> embedded within it. A more comprehensive taxonomic review of this complex is required given the ecological and phenotypic similarities among these species.","patchy in lowland to montane scrub, wooded grassland, floodplain, coastal dunes, and clearings in forest, from Senegal and Sierra Leone eastward through Cameroon, and Bioko, to Ethiopia and southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward (avoiding rainforest) to South Africa, Grand Comoro, and Madagascar; some highland populations move downslope post-breeding",null,null,null,"afrsto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrsto1","avibase-CF2E9674",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/332/mode/1up","Muscicapa torquata"],["28008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus felix","Bates, 1936","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Arabia and Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4B38406",null,null,"Menacha [= Manakha], Yemen.","On interesting Birds recently sent to the British Museum from Arabia by Mr. H. St. J. B. Philby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/58/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata felix"],["28009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus albofasciatus","Rüppell, 1840","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Ethiopia, southeastern South Sudan, and northeastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCE19E1C",null,null,"Simen Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/195/mode/1up","Saxicola albofasciata"],["28010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus jebelmarrae","Lynes, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"western Sudan (Darfur region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7C9DBC1",null,null,"Jebel Marra, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of species and subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/47/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata jebelmarrae"],["28011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus moptanus","Bates, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"inner Niger delta, Mali, northern Senegal, and Senegal delta",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD48C969",null,null,"Mopti, French Sudan.","Account of a journey made to the French Niger and French Sudan in 1931-32.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/46/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata moptana"],["28012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus nebularum","Bates, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and western Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F50AD8E",null,null,"near Birwa Peak, Kono District, Sierra Leone,","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/83/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata nebularum"],["28013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus axillaris","(Shelley, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.4 p.556",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77F71E7E",null,null,"Kilimanjaro.","On five new or little-known Species of East-African Birds, represented in Mr. H. H. Johnston's First Collection from Kilimanjaro District.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/690/mode/1up","Pratincola axillaris"],["28014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus promiscuus","Hartert, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern and southeastern Tanzania, northern and western Mozambique, eastern Zimbabwe, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1409711",null,null,"Uluguru Mountains.","Exhibition and descriptions of some new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/273/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata promiscua"],["28015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus salax","(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.307-308",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria to northwestern Angola and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C510FC10",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/329/mode/1up","Pratincola salax"],["28016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus stonei","Bowen, 1931","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Tanzania to southern and eastern Angola, northeastern Namibia, Zambia, central Zimbabwe, eastern and northern Botswana, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22BE2A5D",null,null,"Villa General Machado, Angola.","The South African forms of Saxicola torquata.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064094","Saxicola torquata stonei"],["28017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus clanceyi","Courtenay-Latimer, 1961","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.7 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Namibia to northwestern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C926662",null,null,"Wallekraal, western Little Namaqualand, northwestern Cape Province.","On the races of the Stonechat occuring in the Cape Province, South Africa, with the description of a new form.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/162/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata clanceyi"],["28018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus torquatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.328",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (Western Cape to Limpopo) and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9429970",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/332/mode/1up","Muscicapa torquata"],["28019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus oreobates","Clancey, 1956","Durban Museum Novitates 4 (17) p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Lesotho; winters to eastern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00B5E313",null,null,"40 miles east of Maseru on new mountain road, ca. 8,000 ft., Basutoland.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 7. Three new races of birds from the massif of Basutoland.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1949","Saxicola torquata oreobates"],["28020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus voeltzkowi","Grote, 1926","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E12D2172",null,null,"La Convalescence, 1,800 m., Grand Comoro.","Zwei neue Formen von Sansibar und den Komoren.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_34_0145-0146.pdf#page=2","Saxicola torquata voeltzkowi"],["28021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus sibilla","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar (except northern and central)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D23E660",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/341/mode/1up","Motacilla Sibilla"],["28022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus tsaratananae","Milon, 1951","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ser.2, vol.22, no.6 p.706",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ABCBE86",null,null,"'Mont Tsaratanana,' northern Madagascar.","Les formes de Saxicola torquata à Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237339#page/738/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata Tsaratananae"],["28023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola torquatus ankaratrae","Salomonsen, 1934","Novitates Zoologicae 39, no.2 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"central Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7378D6AE",null,null,"Manjakatompo, Ankaratra Mountains, central Madagascar.","On a hitherto unknown fauna of montane Birds in central Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53891#page/268/mode/1up","Saxicola torquata ankaratrae"],["28024","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola dacotiae","(Meade-Waldo, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.504 pl.15","Canary Islands Stonechat","Fuerteventura Stonechat","Fuerteventura Stonechat",null,null,"eastern Canary Islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710177","caisto1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caisto1","avibase-FEA56E91",null,null,"Fuerteventura, Mauritanice Dacos.","Further Notes on the Birds of the Canary Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/534/mode/1up","Pratincola dacotiae"],["28025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola dacotiae dacotiae","(Meade-Waldo, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.504 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CD7934D",null,null,"Fuerteventura, Mauritanice Dacos.","Further Notes on the Birds of the Canary Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/534/mode/1up","Pratincola dacotiae"],["28026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola dacotiae murielae","Bannerman, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Canary Islands (Montaña Clara and Allegranza); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB0574F",null,null,"Allegranza.","Exhibition and description of two new subspecies from the Canary Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/71/mode/1up","Saxicola dacotiae murielae"],["28027","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola rubicola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.332","European Stonechat","European Stonechat",null,"2025-0172","<em>Saxicola torquatus</em> <em>sensu lato </em>is treated as three species based on available evidence: <em>S. maurus</em> (Asian stonechats, polytypic); <em>S. torquatus </em>(African stonechats, polytypic); and <em>S. rubicola </em>(European stonechats, polytypic). Genomic (Van Doren et al. 2017) and mitochondrial DNA data (Zink et al. 2009; Illera et al. 2008) do not recover <em>S. torquatus sensu lato</em> as monophyletic, with <em>S. dacotiae </em>embedded within it. A more comprehensive taxonomic review of this complex is required given the ecological and phenotypic similarities among these species.","lowland to foothill open scrub, grassy hillside, dry plain, field margins, and woodland edge, from British Isles and Denmark eastward to central Ukraine, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, and Türkiye; northern populations migrate to northern and western Africa, Middle East, and Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,"stonec4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stonec4","avibase-0EA8F8B9",null,null,"Europae [= France]; restricted to Seine Inferieure by Meinertzhagen, 1940, Ibis, p. 215.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/336/mode/1up","[Motacilla] Rubicola"],["28028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola rubicola hibernans","(Hartert, 1910)","Journal für Ornithologie 58, no.1 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles, coastal western France, and western coast of Iberian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3594C5AE",null,null,"Tring, England.","Altes und Neues über die Gattung Praticola Koch.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43496#page/195/mode/1up","Pratincola torquata hibernans"],["28029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Saxicola rubicola rubicola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western and southern Europe, and North Africa; winters to Middle East",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEC05B04",null,null,"Europae [= France]; restricted to Seine Inferieure by Meinertzhagen, 1940, Ibis, p. 215.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/336/mode/1up","[Motacilla] Rubicola"],["28030","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Campicoloides","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Saxicola bifasciata [Temminck, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/311/mode/1up","Campicoloides"],["28031","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Campicoloides bifasciatus","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.79, vol.3 pl.472 fig.2","Buff-streaked Chat","Buff-streaked Chat","Buff-streaked Chat",null,null,"lowland to submontane boulder-strewn hills and escarpments with scattered bushes and trees, in eastern South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710231","busbus1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/busbus1","avibase-916C5AED",null,null,"Caffrerie [= eastern Cape Province] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/438/mode/1up","Saxicola bifasciata"],["28032","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata","Shelley, 1896","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 1 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Luscinia sinuata [Sundevall, 1858]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Emarginata"],["28033","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata schlegelii","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.213","Karoo Chat","Karoo Chat","Karoo Chat",null,null,"lowland scrubby Karoo and Namib plains, and stony hills, from southwestern Angola southward to western South Africa (eastward to Free State)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710359","karcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/karcha1","avibase-EA459C8C",null,null,"Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/227/mode/1up","Erithacus schlegelii"],["28034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata schlegelii benguellensis","(Sclater, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Angola (Benguela escarpment)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D64DA767",null,null,"Huxe [= Uchi], Benguella.","Remarks on African Chats, with their synonymy.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/49/mode/1up","Karrucincla schlegelii benguellensis"],["28035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata schlegelii schlegelii","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Namibia (western Damaraland to Erongo Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ACC08C0",null,null,"Damaraland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/227/mode/1up","Erithacus schlegelii"],["28036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata schlegelii namaquensis","(Sclater, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90B50AEE",null,null,"Great Namaqualand; restricted to Bethanie, Great Namaqualand by Macdonald, 1957, Contr. Orn. South Africa. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 128.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/49/mode/1up","Karrucincla schlegelii namaquensis"],["28037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata schlegelii pollux","(Hartlaub, 1866)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.3 p.747",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and central South Africa (eastward to western Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B97DBA23",null,null,"Karroo [= Traka, Willowmore Dist., Cape Province, vide Sharpe, 1877, in Layard, Birds S. Afr., ed. 2, p. 244].","On Two New Species of South African Saxicolae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/853/mode/1up","Saxicola pollux"],["28038","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata sinuata","(Sundevall, 1858)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.f. 2, no.1, art.3 p.44,note","Sickle-winged Chat","Sickle-winged Chat","Sickle-winged Chat",null,null,"montane and alpine grassland, shrubby semi-desert, and Karoo escarpments, from southern Namibia eastward to eastern South Africa, and southward to western and southern South Africa, and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710354","siccha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siccha1","avibase-BF0859C5",null,null,"Cape Town [= Saldanha Bay, vide Gyldenstolpe, 1922, Ark. f. Zool., 19A, p. 55].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/96/mode/1up","Lusc[inia] sinuata"],["28039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata sinuata hypernephela","(Clancey, 1956)","Durban Museum Novitates 4 pt17 p.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesotho; to adjacent South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A78A71C4",null,null,"40 miles east of Maseru on new mountain road (lat. 29° 28' S., long. 27° 55' E.), ca. 8,000 ft., Basutoland.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African Birds VII","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1949","Cercomela sinuata hypernephela"],["28040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata sinuata ensifera","(Clancey, 1958)","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.8 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and north-central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50AD1758",null,null,"Rietfontein, 4,300 ft., Griquatown-Niekerkshoop road. Asbestos Mountains, northern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 10. 1. Four New Races of Passerine Birds from South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1818","Cercomela sinuata ensifera"],["28041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata sinuata sinuata","(Sundevall, 1858)","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar n.f. 2, no.1, art.3 p.44,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C02A04B6",null,null,"Cape Town [= Saldanha Bay, vide Gyldenstolpe, 1922, Ark. f. Zool., 19A, p. 55].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106909#page/96/mode/1up","Lusc[inia] sinuata"],["28042","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata tractrac","(Wilkes, 1817)","Encyclopædia Londinensis; or universal dictionary of arts, sciences and literature 16 p.89","Tractrac Chat","Tractrac Chat","Tractrac Chat",null,null,"lowland gravel desert, shrubby semi-desert, and coastal dunes, from southwestern Angola southward to western South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710363","tracha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tracha1","avibase-17DEACED",null,null,"Auteniquois country, ex Levaillant [probably Orange River, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., 2, p. 456].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265839#page/106/mode/1up","Motacilla tractrac"],["28043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata tractrac hoeschi","(Niethammer, 1955)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 3/4, Jahrgang 6 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal desert of southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDCA035D",null,null,"Koako-Namib, west of Orupembe.","Zur Systematik der Vögel des Kaoko-Veldes (Südwestafrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/538/mode/1up","Oenanthe tractrac hoeschi"],["28044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata tractrac albicans","(Wahlberg, 1855)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Namibia (western Damaraland and northern Great Namaqualand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C4F55E6",null,null,"'In locis arenosis terrae Damararum [= Walvis Bay].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54201#page/227/mode/1up","Saxicola albicans"],["28045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata tractrac barlowi","(Roberts, 1937)","Ostrich 8, no.2 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Namibia (central and southern Great Namaqualand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2B66189",null,null,"Aus, South West Africa.","Some results of the Barlow Transvaal Museum expedition to South-West Africa.",null,"Phoenicuroides tractrac barlowi"],["28046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata tractrac nebulosa","(Clancey, 1962)","Durban Museum Novitates 6 (15) p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal sand dunes of southwestern Namibia and western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-148282CB",null,null,"white coastal sand-dunes at Mc-Dougall Bay, south of Port Nolloth, Little Namaqualand, northwestern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 19. 3. A new subspecies of Cercomela tractrac (Wilkes) from the arid coast of Little Namaqualand.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1344","Cercomela tractrac nebulosa"],["28047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Emarginata tractrac tractrac","(Wilkes, 1817)","Encyclopædia Londinensis; or universal dictionary of arts, sciences and literature 16 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Africa (Karoo to Aliwal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D38FAFC",null,null,"Auteniquois country, ex Levaillant [probably Orange River, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., 2, p. 456].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265839#page/106/mode/1up","Motacilla tractrac"],["28048","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pinarochroa","Sundevall, 1872","Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 1 p.4.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Saxicola sordida [Rüppell, 1837]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/214645#page/86/mode/1up","Pinarochroa"],["28049","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pinarochroa sordida","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.75 pl.26 fig.2","Moorland Chat","Moorland Chat","Moorland Chat",null,null,"disjunctly in high alpine moorland, heath, and grassland from southern Eritrea and Ethiopia southward through eastern Uganda and central Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710389","moocha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moocha1","avibase-8EB0AB41",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/155/mode/1up","Saxicola sordida"],["28050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pinarochroa sordida sordida","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.75 pl.26 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"high altitude moorlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DDA5ED3",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/155/mode/1up","Saxicola sordida"],["28051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pinarochroa sordida ernesti","Sharpe, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of far eastern Uganda and western and central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-129EE03B",null,null,"Mount Kenya.","[Description of species from the Mackinder expedition to Mt. Kenya].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/68/mode/1up","Pinarochroa ernesti"],["28052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pinarochroa sordida olimotiensis","Elliott, 1945","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"high altitude moorlands of northern Tanzania (Crater Highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5433BFA8",null,null,"Olimoti Mountain, 9,000 feet, north of Ngorongoro, northeastern Tanganyika.","A new Race of Hill Chat from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/43/mode/1up","Pinarochroa sordida olimotiensis"],["28053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Pinarochroa sordida hypospodia","Shelley, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.2 p.226, pl. XIII",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Tanzania (Mount Kilimanjaro moorlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEE81BD2",null,null,"Mount Kilimanjaro.","On the Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston in the Kilima-njaro District, with Field-notes by Mr. H. H. Johnston.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/282/mode/1up","Pinarochroa hypospodia"],["28054","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus cinnamomeiventris [Lafresnaye, 1836]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 36).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/24/mode/1up","Thamnolaea"],["28055","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris","(de Lafresnaye, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.55-56, p.1-2; pl.55-56","Mocking Cliff Chat","Mocking Cliff-Chat","Mocking Cliff-chat","2025-0160","Taxon <em>coronata </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris</em> based on available evidence. Fragmentary mitochondrial DNA data (Voelker &amp; Spellman 2004; Voelker et al. 2012; Zuccon &amp; Ericson 2010a,b) indicate a relatively deep divergence within <em>T. cinnamomeiventris</em> but this does not accord with a division based on male crown color; further research needed.","disjunctly in lowland to montane savanna and woodland with kopjes, inselbergs, gorges, and boulders, from southern Mauritania eastward through the Sahel to south-central Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710441","moccha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moccha1","avibase-F8B6EC31",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope [= Cape Province, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 463].","MERLE. TURDUS. Linnée. - M. à ventre couleur cannelle. T. cinnamomeiventris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/63/mode/1up","Turdus cinnamomeiventris"],["28056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris kordofanensis","Wettstein, 1916","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 53 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"central Sudan (Kordofan and Nuba Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0CB5AE7",null,null,"Gebel Rihal, Nuba Mountains [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88827#page/551/mode/1up","Thamnolaea coronata kordofanensis"],["28057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris albiscapulata","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.74, pl. 26, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eritrea, northern, central, and eastern Ethiopia and far southeastern South Sudan (Jabal Fazughli)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-013D2FBC",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/154/mode/1up","Saxicola albiscapulata"],["28058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris subrufipennis","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia southward to Zambia and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-330D104C",null,null,"road near Ussure, Magala Steppe [Usukuma], Schasche [Koudoa Irangi District, Tanganyika] .","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/90/mode/1up","Thamnolaea subrufipennis"],["28059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris odica","Clancey, 1962","Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia B, Natural Sciences 4 (26) p.743",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1184F910",null,null,"Inyanga, eastern Southern Rhodesia.","The South African races of the Mocking Chat Thamnolaea cinnamomaiventris (Zafreanage).",null,"Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris odica"],["28060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris cinnamomeiventris","(de Lafresnaye, 1836)","Magasin de Zoologie 6, cl.2 text to pl.55-56, p.1-2; pl.55-56",null,null,null,null,null,"central South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-787D8FBD",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope [= Cape Province, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 463].","MERLE. TURDUS. Linnée. - M. à ventre couleur cannelle. T. cinnamomeiventris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114097#page/63/mode/1up","Turdus cinnamomeiventris"],["28061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris autochthones","Clancey, 1952","Annals of the Natal Museum 12 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (southward to northern KwaZulu-Natal), Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F921DAA",null,null,"Bank of Ingwavuma River, Lebombo Foothills, northeastern Zululand.","A systematic account of the birds collected on the Natal Museum Expedition to the Lebombo Mountains and Tongaland, July, 1951.",null,"Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris autochthones"],["28062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris cavernicola","Bates, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E44FA41",null,null,"Fiko, 30 miles east of Mopti, French Sudan.","Descriptions of two new subspecies, together with some remarks about three other groups of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/214/mode/1up","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris cavernicola"],["28063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris bambarae","Bates, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 49 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania, eastern Senegal, and southwestern Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40A3DA8A",null,null,"Kulikoro, French Sudan.","Description of four new species of West African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125305#page/68/mode/1up","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris bambarae"],["28064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris coronata","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Ivory Coast and southeastern Burkina Faso to northern Cameroon and western Sudan (Darfur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFA904C5",null,null,"Tapong [Togoland].","Thamnolaea coronata Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/177/mode/1up","Thamnolaea coronata"],["28065","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oenanthe formicivora [Vieillot, 1818]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 35).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/24/mode/1up","Myrmecocichla"],["28066","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla melaena","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.77 pl.28","Rüppell's Black Chat","Rüppell's Chat","Rüppell's Chat",null,null,"foothill to submontane bare rocky cliffs, ravines, gorges, or waterfalls, and adjacent brush, in southern Eritrea and Ethiopia highlands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710420","ruecha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruecha1","avibase-1B6016EC",null,null,"Alegua Mountain, Agame Province, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/157/mode/1up","Saxicola melaena"],["28067","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla arnotti","(Tristram, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.18 p.206 pl.6","Arnot's Chat","Arnot's Chat","Arnot's Chat","2025-0164","Taxon <em>collaris </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Myrmecocichla arnotti</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Although mitochondrial DNA data (Glen et al. 2011) indicate a modest divergence, geographic sampling is limited. Additional data are needed to support a split.","lowland to highland miombo woodland, and mopane and acacia woodland, from western Angola eastward to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and central Tanzania, thence southward to northeastern Namibia and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710432","whbcha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcha2","avibase-535524BE",null,null,"Adam Kok's New Land [= Victoria Falls, northwestern Southern Rhodesia, vide Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1942, Ibis, p. 521].","Notes on some new South-African Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/238/mode/1up","Saxicola arnotti"],["28068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla arnotti arnotti","(Tristram, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.18 p.206 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola and southeastern Tanzania (east of the Eastern Arc Mountains) southward to northern and northeastern Botswana, northern and western Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FD9F4BE",null,null,"Adam Kok's New Land [= Victoria Falls, northwestern Southern Rhodesia, vide Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1942, Ibis, p. 521].","Notes on some new South-African Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/238/mode/1up","Saxicola arnotti"],["28069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla arnotti harterti","Neunzig, 1926","Journal für Ornithologie 74, no.4 p.754",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Angola, from northern Cuando Cubango and central Huíla, northward across Huambo and Bié to Malanje",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E57BE77",null,null,"Malange.","Die Formenkreise Myrmecocichla nigra und arnotti.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01998235","Myrmecocichla arnotti harterti"],["28070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla arnotti collaris","Reichenow, 1882","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"primarily western Tanzania (west of the Eastern Arc Mountains and southern highlands), also far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern and eastern Rwanda, Burundi, and southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E172D2DD",null,null,"Kakoma, vide Neunzig, 1926, Jour. f. Orn., 74, p. 754.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/224/mode/1up","Myrmecocichla collaris"],["28071","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla nigra","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.431","Sooty Chat","Sooty Chat","Sooty Chat",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane grassland with termitaria, open savanna, farmed land, and recently-burnt ground, from southeastern Nigeria and southern Chad eastward to southern South Sudan and southwestern Kenya, and southward Angola, Zambia, and southern Tanzania; previously Senegambia and Liberia but may be extirpated there",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710416","soocha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soocha1","avibase-B55BADC1",null,null,"west coast of Africa [= Malymbe, i.e. Malimba, Portuguese Congo, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 466].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/441/mode/1up","Oenanthe nigra"],["28072","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla monticola","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.434","Mountain Chat","Mountain Chat","Mountain Chat",null,null,"lowland to montane open rocky grassland, escarpment, and Karoo semi-desert, from western Angola southward through Namibia to South Africa (eastward to Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal), and Lesotho and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710263","mouwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwhe1","avibase-3B26A7B2",null,null,"Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/444/mode/1up","Oenanthe monticola"],["28073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla monticola albipileata","(Bocage, 1867)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Angola (Benguela escarpment)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CC23385",null,null,"Dombe, near Benguella, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54704#page/179/mode/1up","Dromolaea albipileata"],["28074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla monticola nigricauda","(Traylor, 1961)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 81, no.3 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola (highlands of Huambo and southern Cuanza Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B1F133F",null,null,"Mount Moco, Huambo, Angola.","Two new birds from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126872#page/73/mode/1up","Oenanthe monticola nigricauda"],["28075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla monticola atmorii","(Tristram, 1869)","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.18 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia (southward to Damaraland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BED8686F",null,null,"Damaraland.","Notes on some new South-African Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/238/mode/1up","Saxicola atmorii"],["28076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla monticola monticola","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia, South Africa (eastward to Limpopo and western KwaZulu-Natal), Lesotho, and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F7AA881",null,null,"Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/444/mode/1up","Oenanthe monticola"],["28077","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla aethiops","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.8","Anteater Chat","Northern Anteater-Chat","Northern Anteater Chat",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane grassland with termitaria, and open acacia woodland, from southern Mauritania eastward through the Sahel to south-central Sudan, and from central Kenya southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710400","noacha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/noacha1","avibase-E09F7223",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/24/mode/1up","Myrmecocichla aethiops"],["28078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla aethiops aethiops","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Chad, northern Nigeria, and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B3C9A58",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/24/mode/1up","Myrmecocichla aethiops"],["28079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla aethiops sudanensis","Lynes, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"western Sudan (Darfur and Kordofan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25E31C0B",null,null,"El Fasher, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of species and subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/48/mode/1up","Myrmecocichla aethiops sudanensis"],["28080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla aethiops cryptoleuca","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.11 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6336B7C2",null,null,"Kikuyu.","Diagnoses of new Species of Birds from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/477/mode/1up","Myrmecocichla cryptoleuca"],["28081","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla formicivora","(Wilkes, 1817)","Encyclopædia Londinensis; or universal dictionary of arts, sciences and literature 16 p.88","Ant-eating Chat","Southern Anteater-Chat","Southern Anteater Chat",null,null,"lowland to foothill open grassland, semi-desert scrub, sparsely-bushed steppe with termitaria; and on grassy pans, from Namibia eastward to far western Zimbabwe, and southward to South Africa, Lesotho lowlands, and western Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710409","soacha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soacha1","avibase-400A83B9",null,null,"Pays des Cafres = Sunday's River, eastern Cape Province, ex Levaillant, 1805, Oiseaux Afrique, 4, pis. 186, 187.",null,null,"Motacilla formicivora"],["28082","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Myrmecocichla tholloni","(Oustalet, 1886)","Le Naturaliste 8 p.300","Congo Moor Chat","Congo Moor Chat","Congo Moor Chat",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill open grasslands on sandy or marshy ground, often with sparse bush or termitaria, from southeastern Gabon southward to western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in northeastern Angola and adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in central Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710394","conmoo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/conmoo1","avibase-7631D1A3",null,null,"Leketi, on the Alima River, French Congo.","Notice sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux du Congo rapportés par les naturalistes attachés à la mission de M. le comte de Brazza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105819#page/315/mode/1up","Saxicola Tholloni"],["28083","genus","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla oenanthe [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Motacilla oenanthe Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f49.item","Oenanthe"],["28084","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe monacha","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60, vol.3 pl.359 fig.1","Hooded Wheatear","Hooded Wheatear","Hooded Wheatear",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill barren rocky desert, wadis and ravines, and open stony or sandy steppe, from eastern Egypt and Levant eastward through Arabia to eastern Iran and southern Pakistan; some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710244","hoowhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoowhe1","avibase-17F2D08C",null,null,"Nubia [= Luxor, vide Stresemann, 1954, Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss., Berlin, 1, p. 174].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/431/mode/1up","Saxicola monacha"],["28085","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe deserti","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60, vol.3 pl.359 fig.2","Desert Wheatear","Desert Wheatear","Desert Wheatear",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane semi-desert plain, dry steppe, desert edge, wadis, ruins, and stony and gravel flatland, from northwestern Mauritania and Morocco eastward to Levant and northern Arabian Peninsula, and from Kazakhstan eastward to Mongolia and north-central China, and southward to eastern Iran, northern India, and Nepal; migrates to African Sahel, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710325","deswhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/deswhe1","avibase-078BC0ED",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/433/mode/1up","Saxicola deserti"],["28086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe deserti homochroa","(Tristram, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"desert of North Africa (Western Sahara to western Egypt)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13153790",null,null,"in Sahara Tunitana [= Souf, near Algeria-Tunisia border, vide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 347].","Characters of apparently new species of Birds collected in the great Desert of the Sahara, southwards of Algeria and Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/81/mode/1up","Saxicola homochroa"],["28087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe deserti deserti","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60, vol.3 pl.359 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in northeastern Egypt (Sinai) and the Levant; breeding from southern Türkiye eastward, discontinuously, to Afghanistan, central and southern Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and northwestern and western China (northwestern Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, and central Inner Mongolia); wintering in northeastern Africa (including Socotra) and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A81D73BA",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/433/mode/1up","Saxicola deserti"],["28088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe deserti oreophila","(Oberholser, 1900)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1195 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western China to Kashmir and Tibet; winters to Pakistan and northeastern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68160DD4",null,null,"Tibet",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/271/mode/1up","Saxicola oreophila"],["28089","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe hispanica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186","Western Black-eared Wheatear","Western Black-eared Wheatear",null,"2025-0162","Taxon <em>melanoleuca</em> (monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oenanthe hispanica </em>(monotypic) based on genetics (Aliabadian et al. 2012; Kakhki et al. 2018; Schweizer et al. 2019a, b; Zhao et al. 2023).","breeds southwestern Europe (Spain and Portugal eastward to Italy and northern Croatia) and northwestern Africa (eastward to northwestern Libya); winters in the western Sahel (eastward to Niger and northern Nigeria)",null,null,null,"bkewhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkewhe1","avibase-CBB94183",null,null,"Hispania [= Gibraltar, vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 685].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/205/mode/1up","Motacilla hispanica"],["28090","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe pleschanka","(Lepekhin, 1770)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14 p.503, pl.14 fig.2","Pied Wheatear","Pied Wheatear","Pied Wheatear",null,null,"breeds stony south-central Eurasia; winters to Arabian Peninsula, Iran, and northeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710308","piewhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/piewhe1","avibase-2FB34D83",null,null,"Saratov, lower Volga.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113648#page/567/mode/1up","Motacilla pleschanka"],["28091","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanoleuca","(Güldenstädt, 1775)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.468, pl.15","Eastern Black-eared Wheatear","Eastern Black-eared Wheatear",null,"2025-0162","Taxon <em>melanoleuca</em> (monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oenanthe hispanica </em>(monotypic) based on genetics (Aliabadian et al. 2012; Kakhki et al. 2018; Schweizer et al. 2019a, b; Zhao et al. 2023).","breeds southeastern Europe (eastward from southern Italy and Croatia), Türkiye, and the Levant eastward to southwestern Kazakhstan and western Iran; winters in the central and eastern Sahel, eastward to the southern Red Sea",null,null,null,"bkewhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkewhe2","avibase-DF26171F",null,null,"Tiflis, Georgia, Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113774#page/554/mode/1up","Muscicapa melanoleuca"],["28092","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe cypriaca","(Homeyer, 1885)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 p.397","Cyprus Wheatear","Cyprus Wheatear","Cyprus Wheatear",null,null,"breeds stony areas of Cyprus; winters in northeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710312","cypwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cypwhe1","avibase-A3148129",null,null,"Cyprus.","Beschreibung eines neuen Steinschmätzers Saxicola cypriaca, nov. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/407/mode/1up","Saxicola cypriaca"],["28093","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe seebohmi","(Dixon, 1882)","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.24 p.563-564, pl. XIV","Atlas Wheatear","Atlas Wheatear","Atlas Wheatear","2025-0163","Taxon <em>seebohmi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oenanthe oenanthe</em> (polytypic) based on pronounced differences in plumage and ecology (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018). However, mitochondrial DNA divergence is negligible (Aliabadian et al. 2007; Wang et al. 2020), possibly due to recent introgression; insights from genomic data are needed.","patchy in foothill to montane slopes with sparse scrub, highland meadows with scattered boulders, and bare stony plateaus, in Atlas Mountains of northern Morocco, and Atlas and Aurès mountains of Algeria; migrates in winter to southern Mauritania, northern Senegal, and adjacent Mali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103773966","norwhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norwhe3","avibase-3983013B",null,null,"Djebel Mahmel, Algeria.","Notes on the Birds of the Province of Constantine, Algeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/621/mode/1up","Saxicola seebohmi"],["28094","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe oenanthe","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186","Northern Wheatear","Northern Wheatear","Northern Wheatear","2025-0163","Taxon <em>seebohmi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Oenanthe oenanthe</em> (polytypic) based on pronounced differences in plumage and ecology (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018). However, mitochondrial DNA divergence is negligible (Aliabadian et al. 2007; Wang et al. 2020), possibly due to recent introgression; insights from genomic data are needed.","breeds northeastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, and British Isles southward to Mediterranean and eastward to Siberia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada (Yukon), southern Spain and Balearic Islands to Iran, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia; winters to western and central Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103773898","norwhe","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norwhe","avibase-DF526047",null,null,"in Europae apricis lapidosis [= Sweden, fide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 679].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/205/mode/1up","Motacilla oenanthe"],["28095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.966",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Canada to Greenland and Iceland; winters to western Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE947F55",null,null,"Senegal River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/467/mode/1up","Motacilla leucorhoa"],["28096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles to Mediterranean and eastward to Siberia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada (Yukon); winters to central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01761045",null,null,"in Europae apricis lapidosis [= Sweden, fide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 679].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/205/mode/1up","Motacilla oenanthe"],["28097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe oenanthe libanotica","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.bb p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Spain and Balearic Islands to Iran, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-161611C7",null,null,"all Syria [= Lebanon, fide Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1951, Ibis, 93, p. 235].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/64/mode/1up","Saxicola libanotica"],["28098","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe pileata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.965","Capped Wheatear","Capped Wheatear","Capped Wheatear",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry grassland, arid Karoo scrub, and miombo savanna, from central Kenya southward to southern Tanzania, and from Angola and Malawi southward to South Africa; some altitudinal migration with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710329","capwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capwhe1","avibase-E6BD3258",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/466/mode/1up","Motacilla pileata"],["28099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe pileata neseri","Macdonald, 1952","Ostrich 23 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and northern Namibia to western Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F2E5454",null,null,"Erongo Mountains, Omaruru District, South West Africa.","Variation in the Capped Wheatear.",null,"Oenanthe pileata neseri"],["28100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe pileata livingstonii","(Tristram, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.3 p.888",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A3724BF",null,null,"Murchison Falls, Zambezi River.","On New Species of Birds from South Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90421#page/316/mode/1up","Campicola livingstonii"],["28101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe pileata pileata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.965",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-404684B6",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/466/mode/1up","Motacilla pileata"],["28102","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe bottae","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.7","Buff-breasted Wheatear","Buff-breasted Wheatear","Buff-breasted Wheatear","2025-0161","Taxon <em>frenata </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Oenanthe bottae</em> (monotypic) based on modest plumage differences. Forming a complex with <em>O. heuglinii </em>and <em>O. isabellina </em>(Zhao et al. 2023), plumage differences among African species are relatively weak and mitochondrial DNA divergence is modest (Zhao et al. 2023). Although genetic data for <em>O. bottae</em> are lacking, its plumage is considered the most distinct, prompting recognition of <em>frenata </em>as a separate species. Further research is needed and may result in a taxonomic revision of this complex.","highlands of southwestern Arabia (Mecca to Yemen)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774053","rebwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebwhe2","avibase-DB59BA9E",null,null,"no locality ; Yemen designated by Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 455.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Quatrième communication : Chanteurs subulirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/17/mode/1up","Campicola bottae"],["28103","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe frenata","(Heuglin, 1869)","Journal für Ornithologie 17, no.99 p.158-159","Rusty-breasted Wheatear","Rusty-breasted Wheatear","Rusty-breasted Wheatear","2025-0161","Taxon <em>frenata </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Oenanthe bottae</em> (monotypic) based on modest plumage differences. Forming a complex with <em>O. heuglinii </em>and <em>O. isabellina </em>(Zhao et al. 2023), plumage differences among African species are relatively weak and mitochondrial DNA divergence is modest (Zhao et al. 2023). Although genetic data for <em>O. bottae</em> are lacking, its plumage is considered the most distinct, prompting recognition of <em>frenata </em>as a separate species. Further research is needed and may result in a taxonomic revision of this complex.","foothill to montane grassy savanna, tussock-grass, and giant-heath moorland, in Ethiopia and Eritrea; some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774137","rebwhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebwhe3","avibase-19ADEF8A",null,null,"Mensa, Abyssinian highlands.","Synopsis der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrikas, des Nilquellengebietes un der Küstenländer des Rothen Meeres. (Schluss ; s. Januar-Heft 1869, S. 1-18.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102837#page/170/mode/1up","Saxicola frenata"],["28104","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe isabellina","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.79, vol.3 pl.472 fig.1","Isabelline Wheatear","Isabelline Wheatear","Isabelline Wheatear",null,null,"foothill to montane arid grassland, rocky steppe, semi-desert, and desert margin, from eastern Ukraine, southern Bulgaria, and adjacent Greece eastward to Mongolia and northern China, and southward to Levant, Iran, and northern Pakistan; migrates to African Saheel, northeastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710333","isawhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/isawhe1","avibase-E6C6F746",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/437/mode/1up","Saxicola isabellina"],["28105","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe heuglinii","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes p.346","Heuglin's Wheatear","Heuglin's Wheatear","Heuglin's Wheatear","2025-0161, 2025-N030","2025-0161)) Taxon <em>frenata </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Oenanthe bottae</em> (monotypic) based on modest plumage differences. Part of a complex with<em> O. heuglinii</em> and <em>O. isabellina</em> (Zhao et al. 2023), plumage differences among African species are relatively weak and mitochondrial DNA divergence is modest (Zhao et al. 2023). Although genetic data for <em>O. bottae sensu lato</em> are lacking, relatively strong plumage differences prompt recognition of <em>frenata </em>as a separate species. Further research is needed and may result in a taxonomic revision of this complex. 2025-N030)) The earliest mention of the name has the spelling <em>heuglinii</em>, attributed to a work by von Heuglin (1869: 346-7), wherein the latter author credited Hartlaub &amp; Finsch for the description.","foothill to submontane dry grassland, bare stony ground, degraded savanna, inselbergs and burnt-over land, from southern Mauritania and southeastern Senegal eastward through Sahel to southern Sudan and northwestern Ethiopia, and southward to northern Guinea, northern Cameroon, and northwestern Kenya; some seasonal dispersal after rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710348","heuwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heuwhe1","avibase-6ADB636C",null,null,"'Gondar' [errore ; Sudan suggested by Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 455].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/488/mode/1up","Saxicola Heuglinii"],["28106","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe phillipsi","(Shelley, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.12 p.404 pl.12","Somali Wheatear","Somali Wheatear","Somali Wheatear",null,null,"lowland to foothill open stony ground, semi-desert, arid grassland, and burnt-over grassland, in southeastern Ethiopia and northern and central Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710268","somwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somwhe1","avibase-631D27EF",null,null,"mountains near Berbera.","On Mr. E. Lort Phillips's Collection of Birds from Somali-land.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/452/mode/1up","Saxicola phillipsi"],["28107","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe albifrons","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.78","White-fronted Black Chat","White-fronted Black-Chat","White-fronted Black-chat",null,null,"foothill and montane savanna woodland, bushy terrain, and burnt or bare stony ground, from Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to Eritrea and central Ethiopia, southward to northern Cameroon and northern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710426","wfbcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wfbcha1","avibase-CC3B0B59",null,null,"Takeragiro, Temben [= Tembien] , Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/158/mode/1up","Saxicola albifrons"],["28108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe albifrons frontalis","(Swainson, 1837)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Mauritania to Senegal, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CD75643",null,null,"West Africa.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/50/mode/1up","Saxicola frontalis"],["28109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe albifrons limbata","(Reichenow, 1921)","Journal für Ornithologie 69, no.1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon to Central African Republic (Ubangi-Shari region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6AD88DE",null,null,"Bosum [=Bozum], Ubangi-Shari.","Neue Vogelarten aus Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43096#page/59/mode/1up","Pentholaea limbata"],["28110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe albifrons albifrons","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1960C6B",null,null,"Takeragiro, Temben [= Tembien] , Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/158/mode/1up","Saxicola albifrons"],["28111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe albifrons pachyrhyncha","(Neumann, 1906)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C4C92D6",null,null,"Uba, west slope, Omo District, southwestern Abyssinia.","Diagnosen neuer afrikanischer Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/22/mode/1up","Pentholaea albifrons pachyrhyncha"],["28112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe albifrons clericalis","(Hartlaub, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D03CCC3",null,null,"no locality; Langomeri (lat. 3° 31' N., long. 31° 05') and Wandi (lat. 4° 35' N., long. 30° 2r) cited by Hartlaub, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30, p. 321.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Pentholaea clericalis"],["28113","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe moesta","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.33","Red-rumped Wheatear","Red-rumped Wheatear","Buff-rumped Wheatear",null,null,"far northwestern Mauritania through Morocco and coastal northwestern Egypt, southern Syria to Jordan, northwestern Saudi Arabia, and southwestern Iraq",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710299","rerwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rerwhe1","avibase-A9ADB78D",null,null,"Egypt [= between Bir Hamam and Gassr Eschtaebi, vide Stresemann, 1954, Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss., Naturwiss., Berlin, 1, p. 173].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/53/mode/1up","Saxicola moesta"],["28114","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanura","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.43, vol.3 pl.257 fig.2","Blackstart","Blackstart","Blackstart",null,null,"widely distributed in deserts of northern Africa and Arabian Peninsula, from lowland to foothill rocky desert, arid country with acacia and tamarisk, and villages, from eastern Mali and western Chad eastward to eastern Egypt, southward to northeastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia, and from Israel and northeastern Egypt (Sinai Peninsula) eastward to central Saudi Arabia, thence southward along the Red Sea to southwestern Arabian Peninsula; some altitudinal migration and dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710385","blacks1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blacks1","avibase-10E5B18E",null,null,"Arabia [= Sinai Peninsula, vide Hartert, 1922, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 3, p. 2165].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/425/mode/1up","Saxicola melanura"],["28115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanura melanura","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.43, vol.3 pl.257 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Dead Sea depression of Egypt and Jordan to Saudi Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26C7EA8B",null,null,"Arabia [= Sinai Peninsula, vide Hartert, 1922, Vögel Pal. Fauna, 3, p. 2165].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/425/mode/1up","Saxicola melanura"],["28116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanura neumanni","(Ripley, 1952)","Postilla no.13 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"western Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and southwestern Oman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E1EEAE3",null,null,"Khareba, southern Arabia [=Khaybar, Saudi Arabia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/135/mode/1up","Cercomela melanura neumanni"],["28117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanura lypura","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.ee p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Egypt, eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and northeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2960C2B",null,null,"Abyssinia [= eastern Eritrea, vide Neumann and Zedlitz, 1913, Journ. f. Orn., 61, p. 365].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/70/mode/1up","Sylvia lypura"],["28118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanura aussae","(Thesiger & Meynell, 1934)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia (Danakil Depression), Djibouti, and adjacent Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE61B6F4",null,null,"Aussa Danokil.","Two new descriptions.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/117/mode/1up","Cercomela melanura aussae"],["28119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanura airensis","(Hartert, 1921)","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Niger (Aïr Massif) to Chad and central Sudan (Kordufan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8D3C749",null,null,"Mount Baguezan, Aïr [= Asben, French West Africa].","Captain Angus Buchanan's Aïr Expedition. IV. The birds collected by Capt. Angus Buchanan during his journey from Kano to Aïr or Asben.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/130/mode/1up","Cercomela melanura airensis"],["28120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe melanura ultima","(Bates, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali and southern Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-027FE87E",null,null,"Niger, near Gao.","Descriptions of two new subspecies, together with some remarks about three other groups of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/213/mode/1up","Cercomela melanura ultima"],["28121","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris","(Wilkes, 1817)","Encyclopædia Londinensis; or universal dictionary of arts, sciences and literature 16 p.86","Familiar Chat","Familiar Chat","Familiar Chat",null,null,"lowland to montane scrubby and miombo woodland, rocky shrubland, Karoo, and cultivation, from southeastern Senegal and northern Guinea eastward across the Sahel to southern Sudan and Ethiopia, thence southward (excluding rainforest and Kalahari Desert) to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710367","famcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/famcha1","avibase-CD8DEBE3",null,null,"Southern Africa, ex Levaillant; restricted to Table Mountain, southwestern Cape Province, by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Orn. W. South Africa, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 129.",null,null,"Motacilla familiaris"],["28122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris falkensteini","(Cabanis, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal eastward to northwestern Ethiopia, southern Uganda, and Tanzania southward to northern Botswana, northern Zimbabwe and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6673CC61",null,null,"Chinchoxo, Loango Coast,","[Über die neuerdings eingegangene dritte Sendung des Dr. Falkenstein].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/247/mode/1up","Saxicola Falkensteini"],["28123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris omoensis","(Neumann, 1904)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, northeastern Uganda, and northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-046A5041",null,null,"Baka, Omo Territory, southern Ethiopia.","Fünf neue Vögel von Nordost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/179/mode/1up","Saxicola galtoni omoensis"],["28124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris angolensis","(Lynes, 1926)","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.393",null,null,null,null,null,"western Angola to northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A07561E9",null,null,"Huxe [= Uchi], Benguella.","On the Birds of North and Central Darfur. Taxonomic Appendix. - Part I.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07587.x","C[ercomela] f[amiliaris] angolensis"],["28125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris galtoni","(Strickland, 1853)","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Namibia to western Botswana and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ACDDF75",null,null,"Damaraland, SW Africa","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/197/mode/1up","Erythropygia galtoni"],["28126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris hellmayri","(Reichenow, 1902)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, Zimbabwe, and east-central South Africa (south to Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41F9D12E",null,null,"south bank of Limpopo River, north of Pietersburg, Transvaal.","Neue Vogelarten aus Damaraland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/98/mode/1up","Saxicola familiaris hellmayri"],["28127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris actuosa","(Clancey, 1966)","Durban Museum Novitates 7 (11) p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesotho and southeastern South Africa (Eastern Cape to western KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6A5D3CA",null,null,"Drakensberg Escarpment, near Matatiele, E. Griqualand, eastern Cape Province, alt. 6000 feet","A catalogue of birds of the South African sub-region (Part III: Families Alaudidae - Turdidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1594","Cercomela familiaris actuosa"],["28128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe familiaris familiaris","(Wilkes, 1817)","Encyclopædia Londinensis; or universal dictionary of arts, sciences and literature 16 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EC35203",null,null,"Southern Africa, ex Levaillant; restricted to Table Mountain, southwestern Cape Province, by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Orn. W. South Africa, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 129.",null,null,"Motacilla familiaris"],["28129","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe dubia","(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.22","Sombre Rock Chat","Sombre Rock Chat","Sombre Rockchat",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane rocky slopes with grass and scrub, and volcanic scree, in central and northeastern Ethiopia, and locally in northern Somalia",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710380","somcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somcha1","avibase-B2C33E06",null,null,"Fontaly, Abyssinia.","[Exhibition of 11 new species discovered during an expedition through Southern Abyssinia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/54/mode/1up","Myrmecocichla dubia"],["28130","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe scotocerca","(Heuglin, 1873)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.363","Brown-tailed Rock Chat","Brown-tailed Chat","Brown-tailed Chat",null,null,"patchily distributed in foothill to montane arid rocky country with scrub, and bushed grassland, from eastern Chat and western Sudan eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somali, southward to southeastern South Sudan and central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710371","brtcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brtcha1","avibase-DA3F40DB",null,null,"near Keren, Bogosland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/505/mode/1up","Saxicola scotocerca"],["28131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe scotocerca furensis","(Lynes, 1926)","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Chad and adjacent western Sudan (Darfur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D5C9431",null,null,"Jebel Marra, 7,300 feet, central Darfur.","On the Birds of North and Central Darfur. Taxonomic Appendix. - Part I.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07587.x","C[ercomela] s[cotocerca] furensis"],["28132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe scotocerca scotocerca","(Heuglin, 1873)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea region in northeastern Sudan, northern Eritrea, and northern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF2EFD11",null,null,"near Keren, Bogosland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/505/mode/1up","Saxicola scotocerca"],["28133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe scotocerca turkana","(Van Someren, 1920)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and northwestern and north-central Kenya; possibly also northeastern Uganda, but no confirmed records",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0028B6F9",null,null,"Turkana country, west of Lake Rudolf.","Descriptions of new forms from East Africa and Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/359/mode/1up","Cercomela turkana"],["28134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe scotocerca spectatrix","(Clarke, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia (Awash Valley) and northern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7AFDB78",null,null,"10 miles inland from Las Khorai in eastern British Somaliland.","Description of a new genus and five new forms from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/317/mode/1up","Cercomela spectatrix"],["28135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe scotocerca validior","(Berlioz & Roche, 1970)","Monitore Zoologico Italiano 3 (12) p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia (Run region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C19B6249",null,null,"Somalie ex-italienne septentrionale (Migiurtinia), pres des gueltas de Run, 60 km N.E. de Garoe. Aout 1964 et aout 1969.","Note sur le Cercomela spectatrix Clarke et description d'une sous-espèce nouvelle.","https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1970.10736769","Cercomela spectatrix validior"],["28136","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe fusca","(Blyth, 1851)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20, no.6 p.523","Brown Rock Chat","Brown Rock Chat","Brown Rockchat",null,null,"rocky hills and cliffs of northeastern Pakistan and northern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710376","indcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indcha1","avibase-F8995B0A",null,null,"Muttra.","Notice of a collection of Mammalia, Birds, and Reptiles, procured at or near the station of Chérra Punji in the Khásia hills, north of Sylhet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124444#page/585/mode/1up","Saxicola fusca"],["28137","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe picata","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.131","Variable Wheatear","Variable Wheatear","Variable Wheatear",null,null,"breeds eastern Iran eastward to western Tian Shan, Pamirs, northern and western Pakistan, and Kashmir; winters to southeastern Arabian Peninsula and southwestern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710295","varwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varwhe1","avibase-F0CB79C0",null,null,"Sind to Ferozepore; hereby restricted to Sind.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 313, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/163/mode/1up","Saxicola picata"],["28138","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe albonigra","(Hume, 1872)","Stray Feathers 1 p.2","Hume's Wheatear","Hume's Wheatear","Hume's Wheatear",null,null,"bare rocky hills of eastern Arabia to southern Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710248","humwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humwhe2","avibase-95C1E715",null,null,"stony hills which divide Kelat from Sindh . . . and Mekran Coast.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/18/mode/1up","Saxicola Alboniger"],["28139","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe finschii","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.350","Finsch's Wheatear","Finsch's Wheatear","Finsch's Wheatear",null,null,"limestone canyons and ravines, rocky slopes, dry gulleys, and scrubby semi-desert from central Türkiye, western Syria, and Lebanon eastward through northern Iran, southern Caucasus, to southern Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan, northern and southern Afghanistan, and western Pakistan; winters southward to coastal Iran, Mesopotamia, northern Saudi Arabia, and northeasternmost Egypt",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710292","finwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/finwhe1","avibase-3A712A25",null,null,"Siberia [= Syria, vide Meinertzhagen, 1930, in Nicoll, Birds Egypt, 1, p. 273].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/492/mode/1up","Saxicola Finschii"],["28140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe finschii finschii","(Heuglin, 1869)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Türkiye to Israel, northern Arabian Peninsula, and southern Iran; winters to Cyprus and Egypt",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFA8D825",null,null,"Siberia [= Syria, vide Meinertzhagen, 1930, in Nicoll, Birds Egypt, 1, p. 273].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105158#page/492/mode/1up","Saxicola Finschii"],["28141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe finschii barnesi","(Oates, 1890)","The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 1 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Türkiye to eastern Caucasus, northern Iran, Afghanistan, and western Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59EFAA5D",null,null,"Baluchistan and Afghanistan eastwards to Persia; restricted to Kandahar by Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 47.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34615#page/89/mode/1up","Saxicola barnesi"],["28142","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe xanthoprymna","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.dd p.58","Kurdish Wheatear","Kurdish Wheatear","Kurdish Wheatear",null,null,"breeds in southeastern Türkiye, far northeastern Iraq, and western Iran; winters in eastern Egypt (in the Nile Valley and near the Red Sea), northeastern Sudan, and on the western Arabian Peninsula, locally also in southern Israel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735267","retwhe3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retwhe3","avibase-FB719320",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/68/mode/1up","Saxicola xanthoprymna"],["28143","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe chrysopygia","(de Filippi, 1863)","Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia 2 p.381","Red-tailed Wheatear","Persian Wheatear","Red-tailed Wheatear",null,null,"breeds from northeastern Türkiye, southern Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran eastward to southern Turkmenistan, southern Tajikistan (Pamir range), Afghanistan, and far northwestern Pakistan; winters from the southern Arabian Peninsula and southern Iraq eastward to Pakistan and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734803","retwhe2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retwhe2","avibase-E749750A",null,null,"Demavend, north-central Iran.",null,null,"Dromolaea chrysopygia"],["28144","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe halophila","(Tristram, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.59","Maghreb Wheatear","Maghreb Wheatear",null,"2026-054, 2025-0169.1",{"richText":[{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"Oenanthe halophila"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" is treated as a monotypic species separate from "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"Oenanthe lugens"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" based on a combination of plumage, vocal, ecological and genetic evidence. The presence of sexual dichromatism in female plumage, differences in song structure due to more extensive mimicry (Van den Berg 2020), breeding restricted to a narrow mostly high elevation zone compared to lowland desert in "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. lugens"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":", and genomic divergence (Alaei Kakhki et al. 2023) collectively favor species recognition for "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. halophila"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" (but not for "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"warriae"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"; see also issue 2025-0453). However, further research integrating broader geographic sampling of genetics, plumage, and vocalizations including bi-directional playback responses, combined with an analysis of the genetic mechanisms underlying plumage variation and female dichromatism in the "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. lugens"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" - "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. halophila "},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"complex (e.g., Lutgen et al. 2025) would be informative. 2025-0169)) "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"Oenanthe lugens"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" is treated as three polytypic species based on differences in plumage and morphometrics (Shirihai & Svensson 2018), and genetics (Förschler et al. 2010; Schweizer & Shirihai 2013; Schweizer et al. 2019): "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. lugens"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"; "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. lugubris"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"; and "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. lugentoides"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":". Mitochondrial DNA data (Schweizer & Shirihai 2013) revealed three deeply divergent clades consistent with a 3-species treatment, while genomic data (Schweizer et al. 2019) also demonstrates non-monophyly of the "},{"font":{"italic":true,"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":"O. lugens sensu lato"},{"font":{"size":13,"color":{"argb":"FF000000"},"name":"Aptos"},"text":" complex."}]},"northern Sahara (eastern Morocco to northern Libya and northwestern Egypt)",null,null,null,"mouwhe6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwhe6","avibase-6132EF55",null,null,"Algerian Sahara.","Characters of apparently new species of Birds collected in the great Desert of the Sahara, southwards of Algeria and Tunis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/81/mode/1up","Saxicola halophila"],["28145","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugens","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.33","Mourning Wheatear","Mourning Wheatear",null,"2026-054, 2025-0169.1","2026-054)) <em>Oenanthe halophila</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Oenanthe lugens</em> based on a combination of plumage and genomic evidence and supported by differences in vocalizations. The presence of sexual dimorphism in <em>Oenanthe halophila</em> that is lacking in <em>O. lugens</em>, genomic divergence (Alaei Kakhki et al. 2023) and probably differences in song (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018) collectively favour species level recognition for <em>O. halophila</em> (but not for <em>warriae</em>; see also issue 2025-0453). However, further research integrating broader geographic sampling of genetics, thorough comparison of vocalizations, combined with an analysis of the genetic mechanisms underlying plumage variation and sexual dimorphism in the<em> O. lugens</em> – <em>O. halophila</em> complex (see e.g. Lutgen et al. 2025 for another <em>Oenanthe</em> clade) would be informative to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary history of the entire complex. 2025-0169)) <em>Oenanthe lugens</em> is treated as three polytypic species based on differences in plumage and morphometrics (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018), and genetics (Förschler et al. 2010; Schweizer &amp; Shirihai 2013; Schweizer et al. 2019): <em>O. lugens</em>; <em>O. lugubris</em>; and <em>O. lugentoides</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Schweizer &amp; Shirihai 2013) revealed three deeply divergent clades consistent with a 3-species treatment, while genomic data (Schweizer et al. 2019) also demonstrates non-monophyly of the <em>O. lugens</em> <em>sensu lato</em> complex.","Egypt (east of the Nile) to Israel, Syria, Jordan, northern Iraq, and southern Iran",null,null,null,"mouwhe14","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwhe14","avibase-9C5BE48C",null,null,"Nubia [= Deram, vide Stresemann, 1954, Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss., Berlin, 1, p. 174].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/53/mode/1up","Saxicola lugens"],["28146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugens lugens","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Egypt (east of the Nile) and northeastern Sudan eastward through northwestern Arabian Peninsula to central and southern Syria, Israel, and Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A475662A",null,null,"Nubia [= Deram, vide Stresemann, 1954, Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss., Berlin, 1, p. 174].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/53/mode/1up","Saxicola lugens"],["28147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugens persica","(Seebohm, 1881)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western and southern Iran; winters to Iraq, Kuwait, and eastern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43918CEA",null,null,"Shiraz, Persia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/394/mode/1up","Saxicola persica"],["28148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugens warriae","Shirihai & Kirwan, 2011","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 131, no.4 p.273 [270-291]",null,null,null,null,null,"basalt desert of southern Syria amd northeastern Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30BD14DF",null,null,"'Aneizeh, Transjordan', on 9 November 1926 by W. K. Bigger, and originally labelled 'Oenanthe leucopyga' by the collector. Tye (1994) speculated that this locality is modern-day Jabal Aneiza (Unayzah) on the border between Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, at 32°15'N, 39°15'E;","A new taxon in the Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens complex","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206245#page/51/mode/1up","Oenanthe lugens warriae"],["28149","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe leucura","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.820","Black Wheatear","Black Wheatear","Black Wheatear",null,null,"steep dry slopes, hillsides with scattered bushes, rocky slopes, ravines, and cliffs in northern Spain, far southern France, and eastern Portugal, and from northern Morocco eastward to northwestern Libya and southward to northwestern Mauritania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710259","blawhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blawhe1","avibase-1C98EA2F",null,null,"Gibraltar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/321/mode/1up","Turdus leucurus"],["28150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe leucura leucura","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.820",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberian Peninsula to coastal southern France, Italy, Sardinia, and Sicily",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9716EBB9",null,null,"Gibraltar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/321/mode/1up","Turdus leucurus"],["28151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe leucura riggenbachi","(Hartert, 1909)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 5 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern Mauritania to Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A57A2448",null,null,"Río de Oro, west coast of Sahara, nearly under the tropic of the cancer","Einige Steinschmätzerformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/50/mode/1up","Saxicola leucurus riggenbachi"],["28152","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe leucopyga","(Brehm, 1855)","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.225","White-crowned Wheatear","White-crowned Wheatear","White-crowned Wheatear",null,null,"widespread in northern Africa and Arabian Peninsula in lowland to montane dry rocky desert, wadis, ruins, and oases, from Morocco and Mauritania eastward to Egypt including Sinai Peninsula eastward through Dead Sea and northern and central Arabian Peninsula to western Iran",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710238","whtwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtwhe1","avibase-CAFA98EE",null,null,"Egypt and southern Europe [= Kurusku, Upper Egypt (Nubia), vide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passerif ormes, p. 353] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/261/mode/1up","Vitiflora leucopyga"],["28153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe leucopyga leucopyga","(Brehm, 1855)","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"rocky desert of Mauritania and Mali eastward to Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15BE247E",null,null,"Egypt and southern Europe [= Kurusku, Upper Egypt (Nubia), vide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passerif ormes, p. 353] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/261/mode/1up","Vitiflora leucopyga"],["28154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe leucopyga ernesti","Meinertzhagen, 1930","Nicoll's Birds of Egypt p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"rock desert of north-eastern Egypt to Dead Sea, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9886A358",null,null,"Wadi Feiran, Sinai Peninsula.",null,null,"Oenanthe leucopyga ernesti"],["28155","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugentoides","(Seebohm, 1881)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.371","Arabian Wheatear","Arabian Wheatear","Arabian Wheatear","2025-0169","<em>Oenanthe lugens</em> is treated as three polytypic species based on differences in plumage and morphometrics (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018), and genetics (Förschler et al. 2010; Schweizer &amp; Shirihai 2013; Schweizer et al. 2020b): <em>O. lugens; O. lugubris; </em>and <em>O. lugentoides</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Schweizer &amp; Shirihai 2013) revealed three deeply divergent clades consistent with a 3-species treatment, while genomic data (Schweizer et al. 2019) also demonstrates non-monophyly of the <em>O. lugens sensu lato</em> complex. Further research is required to determine if additional splits are warranted.","rocky desert and hillsides with sparse vegetation from southwestern Saudi Arabia southward to western Yemen and in Oman and adjacent eastern Yemen",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710284","mouwhe5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwhe5","avibase-3CA06BE3",null,null,"Sennaar, northeast Africa {_errore = Yemen, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 445].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/393/mode/1up","Saxicola lugentoides"],["28156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugentoides lugentoides","(Seebohm, 1881)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"western Arabia (Taif to Yemen)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85D29DC8",null,null,"Sennaar, northeast Africa {_errore = Yemen, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 445].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34309#page/393/mode/1up","Saxicola lugentoides"],["28157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugentoides boscaweni","Bates, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arabia (Hadhramaut)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60EE8419",null,null,"Tarim, Wadi Hadhramaut.","Description of a new race of Wheatear.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/68/mode/1up","Oenanthe lugubris boscaweni"],["28158","species","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugubris","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.77 pl.28 fig.1","Abyssinian Wheatear","Abyssinian Wheatear","Abyssinian Wheatear","2025-0169","<em>Oenanthe lugens</em> is treated as three polytypic species based on differences in plumage and morphometrics (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018), and genetics (Förschler et al. 2010; Schweizer &amp; Shirihai 2013; Schweizer et al. 2020b): <em>O. lugens; O. lugubris; </em>and <em>O. lugentoides</em>. Mitochondrial DNA data (Schweizer &amp; Shirihai 2013) revealed three deeply divergent clades consistent with a 3-species treatment, while genomic data (Schweizer et al. 2019) also demonstrates non-monophyly of the <em>O. lugens sensu lato</em> complex. Further research is required to determine if additional splits are warranted.","foothill to montane bushy grassland and moor, with boulders or kopjes, from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia southward through Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710287","mouwhe4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwhe4","avibase-5396F9FB",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/157/mode/1up","Saxicola lugubris"],["28159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugubris vauriei","Meinertzhagen, 1949","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.10 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13A77EC1",null,null,"Erigavo, British Somaliland.","New Races of a Courser, Woodpecker, Swift, Lark, Wheatear, and Serin from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/133/mode/1up","Oenanthe lugens vauriei"],["28160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugubris lugubris","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.77 pl.28 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern and central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A4624F9",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/157/mode/1up","Saxicola lugubris"],["28161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Muscicapidae","Chats, Old World Flycatchers, and allies","Oenanthe lugubris schalowi","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-633748A0",null,null,"Lake Naivasha.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/69/mode/1up","Saxicola Schalowi"],["28162","family","Passeriformes","Promeropidae","Sugarbirds","Promeropidae",null,null,"Sugarbirds","Sugarbirds","Sugarbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"promer1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/promer1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28163","genus","Passeriformes","Promeropidae","Sugarbirds","Promerops","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.34;2, p.460",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Merops cafer [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Merops cafer Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/76/mode/1up","Promerops"],["28164","species","Passeriformes","Promeropidae","Sugarbirds","Promerops cafer","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.117","Cape Sugarbird","Cape Sugarbird","Cape Sugarbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane proteoid shrub in Fynbos; botanical parks, and gardens, in southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717447","capsug1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capsug1","avibase-AEE09552",null,null,"Ethiopia ; restricted to Cap de Bonne Esperance [= Cape of Good Hope] by Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 462.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/135/mode/1up","Merops cafer"],["28165","species","Passeriformes","Promeropidae","Sugarbirds","Promerops gurneyi","Verreaux, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.135 pl.8","Gurney's Sugarbird","Gurney's Sugarbird","Gurney's Sugarbird",null,null,"patchy in montane grassland with protea woodland, and gardens and parks in winter, from eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique southward to northeastern and southern South Africa and Eswatini; altitudinal migration to winter habitat",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717443","gursug1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gursug1","avibase-EDEE3E5C",null,null,"Natal, South Africa.","Description d'une Espèce nouvelle de Promerops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/179/mode/1up","Promerops gurneyi"],["28166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Promeropidae","Sugarbirds","Promerops gurneyi ardens","Friedmann, 1952","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42, no.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe to west-central Mozambique north of Limpopo River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E55AF56",null,null,"Melsetter, Southern Rhodesia.","The Long-tailed Sugarbird from eastern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122703#page/500/mode/1up","Promerops cafer ardens"],["28167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Promeropidae","Sugarbirds","Promerops gurneyi gurneyi","Verreaux, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.135 pl.8",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern South Africa (Limpopo southward along the Drakensberg escarpment to Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B707751C",null,null,"Natal, South Africa.","Description d'une Espèce nouvelle de Promerops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/179/mode/1up","Promerops gurneyi"],["28168","family","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Modulatricidae",null,null,"Dapple-throat and allies","Dapple-throat and Allies","Spot-throat and allies",null,null,null,null,null,null,"modula1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/modula1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28169","genus","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Modulatrix","Ripley, 1952","Postilla no.12 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdinus stictigula [Reichenow, 1906]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/104/mode/1up","Modulatrix"],["28170","species","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Modulatrix stictigula","(Reichenow, 1906)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.10","Spot-throat","Spot-throat","Spot-throat",null,null,"northeastern (Usambara and Nguru mountains) and eastern Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains) to northern Malawi (Masuku Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715779","spothr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spothr1","avibase-3ADCF52E",null,null,"Mbaramo, Usambara [Tanzania]","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/24/mode/1up","Turdinus stictigula"],["28171","genus","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Kakamega","Mann, Burton & Lennerstedt, 1978","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 98 p.132 [131-140]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alethe poliothorax [Reichenow, 1900]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/170/mode/1up","Kakamega"],["28172","species","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Kakamega poliothorax","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.6","Grey-chested Babbler","Gray-chested Babbler","Grey-chested Kakamega",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to submontane forest understory, and humid riparian with tree ferns, in western Cameroon, southeastern Nigeria, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Uganda, southward to Burundi, and locally in southwestern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715933","gycill1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycill1","avibase-FC1BE879",null,null,"'Bangwa,' Cameroons [= 'an elevated district at about 5° 15' N., 10° 25' E., with peaks rising to 5,000 ft.,' fide Serle, 1951, in Bannerman, Birds Trop. West Afr., 8, p. 378].","Zwei neue Arten von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/24/mode/1up","Alethe poliothorax"],["28173","genus","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Arcanator","Irwin & Clancey, 1986","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 106 p.112 [111-115]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phyllastrephus orostruthus [Vincent, 1933]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/520/mode/1up","Arcanator"],["28174","species","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Arcanator orostruthus","(Vincent, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.133","Dapple-throat","Dapple-throat","Dapple-throat",null,null,"disjunctly in montane cloudforest from northeastern Tanzania to northern Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715783","dapthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dapthr1","avibase-D2E8BF1B",null,null,"Namuli Mt., Portuguese East Africa, 4,800 feet; 51°21'S., 37°04'E.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/171/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus orostruthus"],["28175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Arcanator orostruthus amani","(Sclater & Moreau, 1935)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38369AC7",null,null,"Amani Forest, 3,000 feet.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/50/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus orostruthus amani"],["28176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Arcanator orostruthus orostruthus","(Vincent, 1933)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Mozambique, from Mount Chitagal southward to Mount Namuli and Mount Mabu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3487B195",null,null,"Namuli Mt., Portuguese East Africa, 4,800 feet; 51°21'S., 37°04'E.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/171/mode/1up","Phyllastrephus orostruthus"],["28177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Modulatricidae","Dapple-throat and allies","Arcanator orostruthus sanjei","(Jensen & Stuart, 1982)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102, no.3 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Udzungwa Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37B3816D",null,null,"in Mwanihana Forest, Uzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, 1250 m","New subspecies of forest birds from Tanzania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/315/mode/1up","Modulatrix orostruthus sanjei"],["28178","family","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeidae",null,null,"Flowerpeckers","Flowerpeckers","Flowerpeckers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"dicaei1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dicaei1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28179","genus","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus","Strickland, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.99 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pardalotus percussus [Temminck, 1826]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 46).   ",null,"On some new genera of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/41/mode/1up","Prionochilus"],["28180","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus maculatus","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.600 fig.3","Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker","Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker","Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker",null,null,"lowland and hill forest and edge of Malayan Peninsula through Sumatra and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717454","yebflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebflo2","avibase-8387A208",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/166/mode/1up","Pardalotus maculatus"],["28181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus maculatus septentrionalis","Robinson & Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Malayan Peninsula in Tenasserim (southern Myanmar) and Peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44483760",null,null,"Tasan, Chumporn [=Chumphon], peninsular Thailand.","Nine new Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/222/mode/1up","Prionochilus maculatus septentrionalis"],["28182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus maculatus oblitus","(Mayr, 1938)","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 14 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula in far southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8796946",null,null,"Semangko Pass, 2,500-4,500 ft., Selangor-Pahang border, Malay States.","Notes on a collection of Birds from South Borneo.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328891/em-notes-on-a-collection-of-birds-from-south-em-borneo","Anaimos maculatus oblitus"],["28183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus maculatus maculatus","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.600 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Nias (off northwestern Sumatra), Belitung (east of southern Sumatra), and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E2EC148",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/166/mode/1up","Pardalotus maculatus"],["28184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus maculatus natunensis","(Chasen, 1935)","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Bunguran (North Natuna Islands, Riau Archipelago; far northwest of Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B5A8F73",null,null,"Bunguran Island, Great Natuna Islands.","Nine new races of Natuna Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328589/em-nine-new-races-of-natuna-birds-em","Charitociris maculata natunensis"],["28185","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus thoracicus","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.101, vol.3 pl.600 fig.1,2","Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker","Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker","Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker",null,null,"southern Vietnam, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Riau and Lingga archipelagos, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717466","scbflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbflo2","avibase-A6B4FA85",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/165/mode/1up","Pardalotus thoracicus"],["28186","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus xanthopygius","Salvadori, 1868","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 3 p.416","Yellow-rumped Flowerpecker","Yellow-rumped Flowerpecker","Yellow-rumped Flowerpecker",null,null,"lowlands of Borneo; single record from Bunguran (North Natuna Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717463","yerflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yerflo1","avibase-9C17341F",null,null,"Sarawak, Borneo.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=l_RSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA416","Prionochilus xanthopygius"],["28187","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus plateni","Blasius, 1888","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.37 p.335","Palawan Flowerpecker","Palawan Flowerpecker","Palawan Flowerpecker",null,null,"Palawan group (southwestern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717460","palflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palflo1","avibase-AB5413A0",null,null,"Palawan",null,null,"Prionochilus Plateni"],["28188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus plateni plateni","Blasius, 1888","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.37 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Balabac and Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EA3F17C",null,null,"Palawan",null,null,"Prionochilus Plateni"],["28189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus plateni culionensis","(Rand, 1948)","Fieldiana Zoology 31 (25) p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Busuanga, Culion, Calauit, and Calamianes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F42D2F90",null,null,"San Pedro, Culion Island, Calamianes group.","Five new birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21567#page/11/mode/1up","Anaimos plateni culionensis"],["28190","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus percussus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.3 pl.394 fig.2","Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker","Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker","Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker",null,null,"Malaya, southern Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java, and associated islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717457","crbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbflo1","avibase-C52E5D09",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/164/mode/1up","Pardalotus percussus"],["28191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus percussus ignicapilla","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaya, southern Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, Riau Archipelago, and North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BC471B5",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/635/mode/1up","Dicaeum ignicapilla"],["28192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus percussus percussus","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.66, vol.3 pl.394 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04506F8F",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/164/mode/1up","Pardalotus percussus"],["28193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Prionochilus percussus regulus","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1940)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 92 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Batu Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64D04DFC",null,null,"Tana Massa Island, Batu Islands, off western Sumatra.","The Birds of the Batu Islands.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064302","Anaimos percussus regulus"],["28194","genus","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1009",null,null,null,"2025-1197","The genus <em>Pachyglossa </em>is resurrected for seven species of flowerpecker: <em>P. propria; P. chrysorrhea; P. vincens; P. melanozantha; P. agilis; </em>and <em>P. everetti</em> are transferred from <em>Dicaeum</em>; and <em>P. olivacea</em> is transferred to <em>Pachyglossa </em>from <em>Prionochilus</em>, based on the mitochondrial-dominated DNA data of Saucier et al. (2019) and Fjeldså et al. (2020). However, basal relationships in this complex remain poorly resolved, and <em>P. olivacea </em>may warrant recognition as a monotypic genus; further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pachyglossa melanoxantha [Blyth]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/525/mode/1up","Pachyglossa"],["28195","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa olivacea","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.536","Olive-backed Flowerpecker","Olive-backed Flowerpecker","Olive-backed Flowerpecker","2025-1197","The genus <em>Pachyglossa </em>is resurrected for seven species of flowerpecker: <em>P. propria; P. chrysorrhea; P. vincens; P. melanozantha; P. agilis; </em>and <em>P. everetti</em> are transferred from <em>Dicaeum</em>; and <em>P. olivacea</em> is transferred to <em>Pachyglossa </em>from <em>Prionochilus</em>, based on the mitochondrial-dominated DNA data of Saucier et al. (2019) and Fjeldså et al. (2020). However, basal relationships in this complex remain poorly resolved, and <em>P. olivacea </em>may warrant recognition as a monotypic genus; further research needed.","Philippines (except Palawan group, Mindoro, West Visayas, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717451","olbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbflo1","avibase-27665659",null,null,"Dinagat, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/550/mode/1up","Prionochilus olivaceus"],["28196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa olivacea parsonsi","(McGregor, 1927)","The Philippine Journal of Science 32 p.520",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon and Catanduanes (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50247B63",null,null,"Malinao, Tayabas [= Quezon] Province, Luzon.","New or noteworthy Philippine Birds, V.","https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf_upload/pjs1927/PJS_Vol_32_No4_Apr_1927.pdf","Prionochilus parsonsi"],["28197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa olivacea olivacea","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan, Dinagat, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B179659",null,null,"Dinagat, Philippine Islands.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/550/mode/1up","Prionochilus olivaceus"],["28198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa olivacea samarensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (southern Luzon; Samar, Leyte, and Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C08BE135",null,null,"Samar and Leyte ; restricted here to Samar, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/26/mode/1up","Prionochilus Samarensis"],["28199","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa propria","(Ripley & Rabor, 1966)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 79 p.305,306","Whiskered Flowerpecker","Whiskered Flowerpecker","Whiskered Flowerpecker",null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of Mindanao)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717481","whiflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiflo1","avibase-B8F60E84",null,null,"Mt. Mayo, Limot, Mati, Davao Province, Mindanao.","Dicaeum proprium, new species (Aves; Family Dicaeidae)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107518#page/687/mode/1up","Dicaeum proprium"],["28200","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa chrysorrhea","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.80, vol.4 pl.478 fig.1","Yellow-vented Flowerpecker","Yellow-vented Flowerpecker","Yellow-vented Flowerpecker",null,null,"lowland to submontane forest, woodland, secondary growth, plantations, orchards, and gardens, from eastern Nepal eastward to south-central China, and southward to Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717484","yevflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yevflo1","avibase-4AFCA9BB",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/233/mode/1up","Dicaeum chrysorrheum"],["28201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa chrysorrhea chrysochloris","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1009",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Sikkim to southwestern China, Myanmar, and northern Indochina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-861ADC01",null,null,"Arakan, Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/525/mode/1up","Dicaeum chrysochlore"],["28202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa chrysorrhea chrysorrhea","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.80, vol.4 pl.478 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand to Malaysian Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F078270",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/233/mode/1up","Dicaeum chrysorrheum"],["28203","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa melanozantha","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.1010","Yellow-bellied Flowerpecker","Yellow-bellied Flowerpecker","Yellow-bellied Flowerpecker",null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Nepal to northeastern India, southwestern China, and Myanmar) to Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717487","yebflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebflo1","avibase-DDEA6B69",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/526/mode/1up","Pachyglossa melanozantha"],["28204","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa vincens","(Sclater, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872, pt.2 p.730","Legge's Flowerpecker","White-throated Flowerpecker","White-throated Flowerpecker",null,null,"wet lowlands of southwestern Sri Lanka",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717490","whtflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtflo1","avibase-6D711040",null,null,"Ceylon.","Exhibition, for Mr. W. Vincent Legge, of a pair of a new Ceylonese bird, proposed to be called Prionochilus vincens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90880#page/870/mode/1up","Prionochilus vincens"],["28205","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa everetti","(Sharpe, 1877)","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.1 p.16","Brown-backed Flowerpecker","Brown-backed Flowerpecker","Brown-backed Flowerpecker",null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula, Riau Archipelago, northern Borneo, and Labuan Island",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717478","brbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbflo1","avibase-8D178429",null,null,"Bintulu, western Borneo [Sarawak, Malaysia]","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/54/mode/1up","Prionochilus everetti"],["28206","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.578","Thick-billed Flowerpecker","Thick-billed Flowerpecker","Thick-billed Flowerpecker","2025-0845","Taxon <em>aeruginosa </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Pachyglossa agilis</em> based on available evidence. There is considerable geographic variation within <em>P. agilis, </em>but a comprehensive genetic, bioacoustic, and morphological study is needed to allow reevaluation of species limits in this complex.","lowland to montane forest, secondary growth, plantations, orchards, and gardens, from Indian subcontinent, and Sri Lanka, eastward through southeastern Asia to Philippines, and southward to Greater and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/105991992","thbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbflo1","avibase-78B55ACC",null,null,"Borabhum and Dolbhum, Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/636/mode/1up","Fringilla Agilis"],["28207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis agilis","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.578",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan and Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1C8BD99",null,null,"Borabhum and Dolbhum, Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/636/mode/1up","Fringilla Agilis"],["28208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis zeylonica","(Whistler, 1944)","Spolia Zeylanica 23 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20AC49D6",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,null,"Piprisoma agile zeylonicum"],["28209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis pallescens","(Riley, 1935)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangladesh to Myanmar, northern Thailand, southern Yunnan, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56C505D7",null,null,"Pak Chong, eastern Thailand",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/176/mode/1up","Piprisoma modesta pallescens"],["28210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis modesta","(Hume, 1875)","Stray Feathers 3 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80A07A42",null,null,"southern Tenasserim ; restricted to Mergui by Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1991, p. 8 (fide Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2068, p. 31).","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. VII. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Panaon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95235#page/328/mode/1up","Prionochilus modestus"],["28211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis atjehensis","(Delacour, 1946)","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 31 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and southern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86B5E4E1",null,null,"Pendeng, Atjeh, northern Sumatra",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207510#page/14/mode/1up","Dicaeum agile atjehense"],["28212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis finschi","(Bartels, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 no.7&amp;8 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A39D872C",null,null,"Wynkoops [=Wijnkoops] Bay, western Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/137/mode/1up","Dicaeum finschi"],["28213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis tincta","(Mayr, 1944)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Sumba, Flores, and Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39785655",null,null,"Waingapu, Sumba. May 15, 1932; Georg Stein coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Piprisoma obsoletum tinctum"],["28214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis obsoleta","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. no.6 p.174,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E20D3CDB",null,null,"Oikabiti, western Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/190/mode/1up","Pardalotus obsoletus"],["28215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis striatissima","(Parkes, 1962)","Postilla no.67 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Lubang, Luzon, Romblon, Sibuyan, and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09462D9A",null,null,"Solsona, Ilocos Norte Province, Luzon, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43745#page/6/mode/1up","Dicaeum aeruginosum striatissimum"],["28216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis aeruginosa","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Philippines (Cebu, Negros, Mindoro, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01E0B72D",null,null,"Cebu and Mindanao ; restricted to Cebu by Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1991, p. 15.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/24/mode/1up","Prionochilus aeruginosus"],["28217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Pachyglossa agilis affinis","(Zimmer, 1919)","The Philippine Journal of Science 13 sect.D no.6 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D0A13E3",null,null,"Brooke's Point, Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111443#page/406/mode/1up","Acmonorhynchus affinis"],["28218","genus","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.410",null,null,null,"2025-1197","The genus <em>Pachyglossa </em>is resurrected for seven species of flowerpecker: <em>P. propria; P. chrysorrhea; P. vincens; P. melanozantha; P. agilis; </em>and <em>P. everetti</em> are transferred from <em>Dicaeum</em>; and <em>P. olivacea</em> is transferred to <em>Pachyglossa </em>from <em>Prionochilus</em>, based on the mitochondrial-dominated DNA data of Saucier et al. (2019) and Fjeldså et al. (2020). However, basal relationships in this complex remain poorly resolved, and <em>P. olivacea </em>may warrant recognition as a monotypic genus; further research needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Certhia erythronotus [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 13). = Certhia cruentata Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/452/mode/1up","Dicaeum"],["28219","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum annae","(Büttikofer, 1894)","Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3 p.301 pl.18 fig.4","Golden-rumped Flowerpecker","Golden-rumped Flowerpecker","Golden-rumped Flowerpecker",null,null,"western and central Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717469","gorflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gorflo1","avibase-6D0266CC",null,null,"Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184543#page/343/mode/1up","Acmonorhynchus annae"],["28220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum annae annae","(Büttikofer, 1894)","Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3 p.301 pl.18 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92BE4824",null,null,"Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184543#page/343/mode/1up","Acmonorhynchus annae"],["28221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum annae sumbavense","(Rensch, 1931)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 p.617",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumbawa (western Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA2198FB",null,null,"Sumbawa.",null,null,"Acmonorhynchus annae sumbavense"],["28222","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum dayakorum","Saucier, Milensky, Caraballo-Ortiz et al., 2019","Zootaxa 4686(4) 451-464","Spectacled Flowerpecker","Spectacled Flowerpecker","Spectacled Flowerpecker",null,null,"northeastern Borneo (Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/179385431","speflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/speflo1","avibase-E524E4CB",null,null,"Malaysia: Sarawak; Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, 01°24'48\"N, 112°00'16\", 350 m asl;","A distinctive new species of flowerpecker (Passeriformes: Dicaeidae) from Borneo","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336616616","Dicaeum dayakorum"],["28223","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum quadricolor","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.762 pl.77 fig.2","Cebu Flowerpecker","Cebu Flowerpecker","Cebu Flowerpecker",null,null,"Cebu (central Philippines); rediscovered 1992 after 85 years but no recent records; perhaps extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717507","cebflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cebflo1","avibase-8BDE79BB",null,null,"Cebu.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/482/mode/1up","Prionochilus quadricolor"],["28224","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum bicolor","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.20","Bicolored Flowerpecker","Bicolored Flowerpecker","Bicoloured Flowerpecker",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717503","bicflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bicflo1","avibase-01EAB134",null,null,"Ayala, near Zamboanga, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/24/mode/1up","Prionochilus bicolor"],["28225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum bicolor inexpectatum","(Hartert, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.2 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E49DD0F",null,null,"Luzon, Mindoro.","A new Prionochilus from the Philippines and note on an Anthreptes","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/88/mode/1up","Prionochilus inexpectatus"],["28226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum bicolor bicolor","(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Dinagat, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF20BBE0",null,null,"Ayala, near Zamboanga, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/24/mode/1up","Prionochilus bicolor"],["28227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum bicolor viridissimum","Parkes, 1971","Nemouria no.4 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Philippines (Negros and Guimaras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D53337",null,null,"Canlaon Volcano, Negros, Philippines","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/121/mode/1up","Dicaeum bicolor viridissimum"],["28228","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum anthonyi","(McGregor, 1914)","The Philippine Journal of Science 9 p.531","Yellow-crowned Flowerpecker","Yellow-crowned Flowerpecker","Yellow-crowned Flowerpecker","2025-0846","Taxon <em>kampalili </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicaeum anthonyi</em> based on substantial differences in plumage, supported by zoogeographical considerations. However, genetic and vocal data would be informative.","northern Philippines (montane forest of Luzon)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776016","flcflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flcflo2","avibase-9B41B11D",null,null,"Polls Mountain, 2,000 m., Ifugao, Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111325#page/691/mode/1up","Prionochilus anthonyi"],["28229","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum kampalili","Manuel & Gilliard, 1953","The Auk 70, no.1 p.90","Flame-crowned Flowerpecker","Flame-crowned Flowerpecker","Flame-crowned Flowerpecker","2025-0846","Taxon <em>kampalili </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicaeum anthonyi</em> based on substantial differences in plumage, supported by zoogeographical considerations. However, genetic and vocal data would be informative.","montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776050","flcflo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flcflo3","avibase-0C55C543",null,null,"Mt. Kampalili, Davao Province, Mindanao. Not Dicaeum rubricapilla Lesson, 1830 = Certhia erythronotos Latham.","A New Name for a Flowerpecker from the Philippines","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol70/iss1/20/","Dicaeum kampalili"],["28230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum kampalili masawan","Rand & Rabor, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 42 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Malindang, northern Zamboanga Peninsula, western Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E76C4C3",null,null,"Masawan, 3,500-4,500 ft., Mt. Malindang, Mindanao.","New birds from the Philippines","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/9/mode/1up","Dicaeum anthonyi masawan"],["28231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum kampalili kampalili","Manuel & Gilliard, 1953","The Auk 70, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of Mindanao except Zamboanga Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC977B5F",null,null,"Mt. Kampalili, Davao Province, Mindanao. Not Dicaeum rubricapilla Lesson, 1830 = Certhia erythronotos Latham.","A New Name for a Flowerpecker from the Philippines","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol70/iss1/20/","Dicaeum kampalili"],["28232","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum aureolimbatum","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.477 pl.29 fig.1","Yellow-sided Flowerpecker","Yellow-sided Flowerpecker","Yellow-sided Flowerpecker",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717494","yesflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yesflo1","avibase-FD27C27B",null,null,"mountains of Minahassa, northern Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/561/mode/1up","Prionochilus aureolimbatus"],["28233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum aureolimbatum aureolimbatum","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.477 pl.29 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Bangka and Lembeh islands (off northeast) and Muna and Buton islands (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4CB3238",null,null,"mountains of Minahassa, northern Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/561/mode/1up","Prionochilus aureolimbatus"],["28234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum aureolimbatum laterale","Salomonsen, 1960","American Museum Novitates no.1991 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe Islands (off northern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35D53F2D",null,null,"Great Sangihe Island","Notes on flowerpeckers (Aves, Dicaeidae). 2, The primitive species of the genus Dicaeum","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3544","Dicaeum aureolimbatum laterale"],["28235","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.91","Orange-bellied Flowerpecker","Orange-bellied Flowerpecker","Orange-bellied Flowerpecker",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, forest edge, secondary growth, plantations, mangroves, and gardens, from Bangladesh eastward to Malayan Peninsula, and on Philippines, Greater Sundas and satellite islands, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717519","orbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbflo1","avibase-3E81AAE0",null,null,"China [= Malaya] ; restricted to Malacea by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, no. 3, p. 388; further restricted to port of Malacca by Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 119.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Certhia trigonostigma"],["28236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma rubropygium","Stuart Baker, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bangladesh to southern Myanmar and peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D68CF169",null,null,"Mergui, Tenasserim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/138/mode/1up","Dicaeum trigonostigma rubropygium"],["28237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma trigonostigma","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"central Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and nearby islands including Karimata (off southwestern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BC18F24",null,null,"China [= Malaya] ; restricted to Malacea by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, no. 3, p. 388; further restricted to port of Malacca by Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 119.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Certhia trigonostigma"],["28238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproctum","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E821F70B",null,null,"Simalur Island, off western Sumatra.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/139/mode/1up","Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproctum"],["28239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma megastoma","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Natuna Island (North Natuna Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90416DFA",null,null,"Bunguran Island, Great Natuna Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/100/mode/1up","Dicaeum trigonostigma megastoma"],["28240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma flaviclunis","Hartert, 1918","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Krakatoa, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A6BFF90",null,null,"Karangbolong, southern Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/101/mode/1up","Dicaeum trigonostigma flaviclunis"],["28241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma dayakanum","Chasen & Kloss, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and adjacent offshore northern islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7024696",null,null,"Bettotan, near Sandakan, North Borneo.","Some new Birds from North Borneo.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917236","Dicaeum trigonostigma dayakana"],["28242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma xanthopygium","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.116 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Marinduque, Mindoro, and Polillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3574B7C5",null,null,"Monte Alban, Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/109/mode/1up","Dicaeum xanthopygium"],["28243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma intermedium","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Philippines (Romblon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89EFD485",null,null,"Romblon, Tablas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/23/mode/1up","Dicaeum intermedia"],["28244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma cnecolaemum","Parkes, 1989","Nemouria no.33 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Philippines (Tablas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D31E06F",null,null,"Babajos (=Babajoz), Tablas Island, Philippines","Notes on the Menage Collection of Philippine birds. 1. Revision of Pachycephala cinerea (Pachycephalidae) and an overlooked subspecies of Dicaeum trigonostigma (Dicaeidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173021#page/56/mode/1up","Dicaeum trignostigma cnecolaemum"],["28245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma sibuyanicum","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Philippines (Sibuyan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80D8C349",null,null,"Sibuyan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/22/mode/1up","Dicaeum sibuyanica"],["28246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma dorsale","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 45 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Masbate, Panay, and Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C09DD63B",null,null,"Palawan [= Panay, fide Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., 1, p. 340] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/318/mode/1up","Dicaeum dorsale"],["28247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma besti","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Siquijor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35559463",null,null,"Siquijor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/26/mode/1up","Dicaeum besti"],["28248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma pallidius","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"central Philippines (Cebu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C23B1E5A",null,null,"Cebu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/22/mode/1up","Dicaeum pallidior"],["28249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma cinereigulare","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.829",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Bohol, Samar, Leyte, Calicoan, Biliran, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8E082E0",null,null,"Butuan, Agusan Province, northeastern Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. III. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/563/mode/1up","Dicaeum cinereigulare"],["28250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma isidroi","Rand & Rabor, 1969","Fieldiana Zoology 51 no.13 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Camiguin Sur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD0CEBE5",null,null,"Kasangsangan, Catarman, Camiguin South Island, Philippine Islands","New birds from Camiguin South, Philippines. --","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20901#page/13/mode/1up","Dicaeum trigonostigma isidroi"],["28251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma assimile","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Tawitawi, Jolo, and Siasi, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F09E66CE",null,null,"'Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi (?)'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/23/mode/1up","Dicaeum assimilis"],["28252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trigonostigma sibutuense","Sharpe, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.12 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Sibutu, Omapoy, and Sipangkot, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AA754D4",null,null,"Sibutu Island. Also published in 1894, Ibis, p. 122.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/108/mode/1up","Dicaeum sibutuense"],["28253","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum retrocinctum","Gould, 1872","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.10, no.56 p.114","Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker","Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker","Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker",null,null,"northern Philippines (Mindoro)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717516","sccflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sccflo1","avibase-DD4ABC00",null,null,"Manila (male) and Mindanao (female) ; [error = Mindoro] .","XV. On two new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81231#page/128/mode/1up","Dicaeum retrocinctum"],["28254","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum australe","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.223","Red-keeled Flowerpecker","Red-keeled Flowerpecker","Red-keeled Flowerpecker",null,null,"widespread throughout Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731117","resflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resflo1","avibase-1C0CB747",null,null,"New Guinea [= Philippine Islands] ; restricted here to Luzon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/243/mode/1up","Pipra australis"],["28255","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum haematostictum","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.298","Black-belted Flowerpecker","Black-belted Flowerpecker","Black-belted Flowerpecker",null,null,"Philippines (Panay and Negros); probably extinct on Guimaras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717510","rekflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rekflo1","avibase-82F4FF0B",null,null,"Guimaras, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/318/mode/1up","Dicaeum haematostictum"],["28256","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum nigrilore","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.8","Olive-capped Flowerpecker","Olive-capped Flowerpecker","Olive-capped Flowerpecker",null,null,"montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717497","olcflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olcflo1","avibase-BCD2017C",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 3,000 ft., Mindanao.","On a new species of Flower-pecker from S. Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/618/mode/1up","Dicaeum nigrilore"],["28257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum nigrilore nigrilore","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"montane Mindanao (except east, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96BDA7AD",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 3,000 ft., Mindanao.","On a new species of Flower-pecker from S. Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/618/mode/1up","Dicaeum nigrilore"],["28258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum nigrilore diuatae","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"montane eastern Mindanao (mounts Hilong-Hilong, Pasian, and Puting Bato, southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54C4B3B0",null,null,"Mt. Hilong-Hilong, 1,350 m., Diuata Mountains, Mindanao.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Dicaeum nigrilore diuatae"],["28259","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hypoleucum","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.298","Buzzing Flowerpecker","Buzzing Flowerpecker","Buzzing Flowerpecker",null,null,"Philippines except Mindoro and West Visayas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717522","whbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbflo1","avibase-1262D49B",null,null,"Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/318/mode/1up","Dicaeum hypoleucum"],["28260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hypoleucum cagayanense","Rand & Rabor, 1967","Fieldiana Zoology 51, no.6 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Sierra Madre mountains of northeastern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F96D85E9",null,null,"Mount Cagua, 2000-3000 feet, Gonzaga, Cagayan Province, Luzon","New birds from Luzon, Philippine Islands","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21087#page/11/mode/1up","Dicaeum hypoleucum cagayanensis"],["28261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hypoleucum obscurum","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (central and southern Luzon and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBD4A067",null,null,"Mountain Province, northern Luzon. Also described 1894, Ibis, p. 551.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Dicaeum obscurum"],["28262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hypoleucum pontifex","Mayr, 1946","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 31 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol, Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Panaon, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45717458",null,null,"Dinagat [Philippines]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207510#page/18/mode/1up","Dicaeum hypoleucum pontifex"],["28263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hypoleucum mindanense","Tweeddale, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.547",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF429854",null,null,"Pasananca, Zamboanga Province, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/221/mode/1up","Dicaeum mindanense"],["28264","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hypoleucum hypoleucum","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Basilan and Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Tawitawi, and Siasi, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AEA54A2",null,null,"Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/318/mode/1up","Dicaeum hypoleucum"],["28265","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pygmaeum","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.2 pl.2","Pygmy Flowerpecker","Pygmy Flowerpecker","Pygmy Flowerpecker",null,null,"Philippines (except Sulu Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717531","pygflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygflo1","avibase-4E318300",null,null,"Luzon ; restricted to Manila by Parkes, 1962, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 67, p. 6.",null,null,"Nectarinia pygmea"],["28266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pygmaeum palawanorum","Hachisuka, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Balabac, Culion, Calauit, and Palawan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E056575",null,null,"Iwahig, Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/89/mode/1up","Dicaeum pygmaeum palawanorum"],["28267","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pygmaeum fugaense","Parkes, 1988","Nemouria no.30 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Calayan and Fuga islands (northern Philippines off northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7060935A",null,null,"Fuga Island, Babuyanes group, Philippine Islands, on 2 May 1979","Three new subspecies of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173022#page/243/mode/1up","Dicaeum pygmaeum fugaensis"],["28268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pygmaeum salomonseni","Parkes, 1962","Postilla no.67 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Ilocos Norte, far northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFDD5D4C",null,null,"Mt. Sicapo-o (Mt. Simminublan), 1,600 ft., Ilocos Norte Province, Luzon, Philippines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43745#page/8/mode/1up","Dicaeum pygmaeum salomonseni"],["28269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pygmaeum pygmaeum","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.2 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Luzon and central Philippine Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2D2D7E5",null,null,"Luzon ; restricted to Manila by Parkes, 1962, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 67, p. 6.",null,null,"Nectarinia pygmea"],["28270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pygmaeum davao","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao and Camiguin Sur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D18A088",null,null,"Cotabato, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/105/mode/1up","Dicaeum davao"],["28271","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum erythrorhynchos","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.299","Pale-billed Flowerpecker","Pale-billed Flowerpecker","Pale-billed Flowerpecker",null,null,"lowland to submontane deciduous forest, especially at mistletoe, plantations, mangroves, and fig trees, from Kashmir eastward through Himalayan foothills to western Myanmar, and southward through Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717525","pabflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabflo1","avibase-BDB26F7B",null,null,"India ; restricted to Bombay by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 432.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/321/mode/1up","Certhia erythrorhynchos"],["28272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum erythrorhynchos erythrorhynchos","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"India to southern Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88C245E7",null,null,"India ; restricted to Bombay by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 432.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/321/mode/1up","Certhia erythrorhynchos"],["28273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum erythrorhynchos ceylonense","Babault, 1920","Mission Guy Babault dans les provinces centrales de l'Inde, dans la région occidentale de l'Himalaya et Ceylan, 1914. Résultats Scientifiques. Oiseaux p.293 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-382BDC8A",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,null,"Dicaeum erythrorhynchus ceylonensis"],["28274","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum concolor","Jerdon, 1840","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11, no.27 p.227","Nilgiri Flowerpecker","Nilgiri Flowerpecker","Nilgiri Flowerpecker",null,null,"Western Ghats and coastal southwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776128","plaflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaflo1","avibase-62585CD8",null,null,"Malabar Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/287/mode/1up","Dicaeum concolor"],["28275","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum virescens","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1 no.6 p.482","Andaman Flowerpecker","Andaman Flowerpecker",null,"2025-0847","Taxon <em>virescens </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicaeum minullum</em> based on obvious vocal differences (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005), supplemented by minor plumage distinctions. Genetic data and a formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","South and Middle Andaman Islands",null,null,null,"andflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andflo1","avibase-B6C34EB4",null,null,"Port Blair, Andaman Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/510/mode/1up","Dicaeum virescens"],["28276","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum minullum","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.240","Plain Flowerpecker","Plain Flowerpecker",null,"2025-0847","Taxon <em>virescens </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicaeum minullum</em> based on obvious vocal differences (Rasmussen &amp; Anderton 2005), supplemented by minor plumage distinctions. Genetic data and a formal bioacoustic analysis would be informative.","Indian subcontinent, southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas",null,null,null,"plaflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plaflo2","avibase-F26BDDA7",null,null,"Yu-linkan, Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/262/mode/1up","Dicaeum minullum"],["28277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum minullum olivaceum","Walden, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.15, no.90 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"Indian subcontinent, southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, and northern and central Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD7445C0",null,null,"Toungoo, southern Burma.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53338#page/415/mode/1up","Dicaeum olivaceum"],["28278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum minullum minullum","Swinhoe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55D5A390",null,null,"Yu-linkan, Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/262/mode/1up","Dicaeum minullum"],["28279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum minullum uchidai","Kuroda, 1920","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 2, no.9 p.230,231",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F5DA012",null,null,"Horisha, Nanto [= Nantow] district, central Formosa.","Notes on and Descriptions of the Flower-peckers of Formosa","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.2.9_229","Dicaeum minullum uchidai"],["28280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum minullum borneanum","Lönnberg, 1925","The Sarawak Museum Journal 3 pt1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malaysian Peninsula, Sumatra, North Natuna Islands, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB31122B",null,null,"Mt. Murud, northern Sarawak, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50884#page/18/mode/1up","Dicaeum minullum borneanum"],["28281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum minullum sollicitans","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.1 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1A78738",null,null,"Mt. Gede, western Java.","Some notes on Java birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/70/mode/1up","Dicaeum sollicitans"],["28282","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum nehrkorni","Blasius, 1886","Braunschweigische Anzeigen [15 April] no.87 p.877","Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker","Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker","Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker",null,null,"montane forest of Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717534","crcflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcflo1","avibase-EDF116F9",null,null,"northern Celebes.",null,null,"Dicaeum Nehrkorni"],["28283","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum sanguinolentum","Temminck, 1829","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.80, vol.4 pl.478 fig.2","Javan Flowerpecker","Javan Flowerpecker","Javan Flowerpecker","2025-0849","The <em>Dicaeum sanguinolentum</em> complex is split into 4 monotypic species: <em>D. sanguinolentum; D. rhodopygiale; D. wilhelminae</em>; and <em>D. hanieli</em>, based on plumage and vocal differences (Rheindt &amp; Eaton (2019). Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","montane Java and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216915934","blbflo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbflo5","avibase-F601E930",null,null,"Java; restricted to West Java by Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 11, p. 57.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/234/mode/1up","Dicaeum sanguinolentum"],["28284","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum wilhelminae","Büttikofer, 1892","Notes from the Leyden Museum 14 no.3&amp;4 p.199","Sumba Flowerpecker","Sumba Flowerpecker","Sumba Flowerpecker","2025-0849","The <em>Dicaeum sanguinolentum</em> complex is split into 4 monotypic species: <em>D. sanguinolentum; D. rhodopygiale; D. wilhelminae</em>; and <em>D. hanieli</em>, based on plumage and vocal differences (Rheindt &amp; Eaton (2019). Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","widespread on Sumba (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776669","blbflo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbflo3","avibase-0EC4EDBB",null,null,"Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37348#page/209/mode/1up","Dicaeum wilhelminae"],["28285","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hanieli","Hellmayr, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.210","Timor Flowerpecker","Timor Flowerpecker","Timor Flowerpecker","2025-0849","The <em>Dicaeum sanguinolentum</em> complex is split into 4 monotypic species: <em>D. sanguinolentum; D. rhodopygiale; D. wilhelminae</em>; and <em>D. hanieli</em>, based on plumage and vocal differences (Rheindt &amp; Eaton (2019). Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","montane Timor (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776714","blbflo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbflo4","avibase-F5D63C6F",null,null,"Bonleo, Timor.","Description of new birds from the Timor group of islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/230/mode/1up","Dicaeum hanieli"],["28286","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum rhodopygiale","Rensch, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 no.3 p.80","Flores Flowerpecker","Flores Flowerpecker","Flores Flowerpecker","2025-0849","The <em>Dicaeum sanguinolentum</em> complex is split into 4 monotypic species: <em>D. sanguinolentum; D. rhodopygiale; D. wilhelminae</em>; and <em>D. hanieli</em>, based on plumage and vocal differences (Rheindt &amp; Eaton (2019). Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","montane Flores (western Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216915953","blbflo6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbflo6","avibase-3C3C5EE8",null,null,"Rana Mese, 1,200 m., western Flores.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0080-0081.pdf","Dicaeum sanguinolentum rhodopygiale"],["28287","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum igniferum","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.494","Black-fronted Flowerpecker","Black-fronted Flowerpecker","Black-fronted Flowerpecker",null,null,"Sumbawa eastward to Alor (Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717562","blfflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfflo1","avibase-5BAE90CD",null,null,"Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/594/mode/1up","Dicaeum igniferum"],["28288","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum maugei","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.303","Red-chested Flowerpecker","Red-chested Flowerpecker","Red-chested Flowerpecker",null,null,"Flores Sea islands south of Sulawesi and, disjunctly, western and eastern Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717565","recflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recflo2","avibase-C7EFE9E7",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/341/mode/1up","Dicaeum Maugei"],["28289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum maugei splendidum","Büttikofer, 1893","Notes from the Leyden Museum 15 no.3 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Salayar and Tanahjampea islands (Flores Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C9374CF",null,null,"District of Macassar, southern Celebes [error = Saleyer Island] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/192/mode/1up","Dicaeum splendidum"],["28290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum maugei maugei","Lesson, 1830","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Sawu and Rote (west of Timor), Timor, Wetar, and Romang and Damar (northeast of Timor; eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A40E927",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/341/mode/1up","Dicaeum Maugei"],["28291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum maugei salvadorii","Meyer, 1884","Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden Heft1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Lesser Sundas (Moa and Babar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A9B91D7",null,null,"Babar Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228513#page/388/mode/1up","Dicaeum Salvadorii"],["28292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum maugei neglectum","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.2 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok and Nusa Penida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FBCF607",null,null,"Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands.","On the birds collected by Mr. Everett on the Island of Savu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/288/mode/1up","Dicaeum neglectum"],["28293","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trochileum","(Sparrman, 1789)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.4 no.80 pl.80","Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker","Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker","Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker",null,null,"forest edge, gardens, and mangroves of lowlands of southern Greater Sundas including satellite islands and eastward to Lombok (westernmost Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717587","schflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schflo1","avibase-3C404F82",null,null,"'America?' [error = Java, fide Stresemann, 1923, Orn. Monatsb., 31, p. 41] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/31/mode/1up","Certhia trochilea"],["28294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trochileum trochileum","(Sparrman, 1789)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.4 no.80 pl.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, Madura, southern Borneo, Bawean, and Kangean islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5A48E81",null,null,"'America?' [error = Java, fide Stresemann, 1923, Orn. Monatsb., 31, p. 41] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/31/mode/1up","Certhia trochilea"],["28295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum trochileum stresemanni","Rensch, 1928","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 36 no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Lombok (westernmost Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C51A4BA",null,null,"Narmada, Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_36_0006-0010.pdf#page=3","Dicaeum trochileum stresemanni"],["28296","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cruentatum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.119","Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker","Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker","Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, secondary growth, mangroves, coastal scrub, plantations, and gardens, from eastern Nepal eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), Vietnam, and southward through Bangladesh and southeastern Asia to Borneo, Sumatra, and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717584","scbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbflo1","avibase-10016732",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/137/mode/1up","Certhia cruentata"],["28297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cruentatum cruentatum","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas and Bangladesh to southern China, Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E96FF3C",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/137/mode/1up","Certhia cruentata"],["28298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cruentatum sumatranum","Cabanis, 1877","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 2 no.23 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-762312B1",null,null,"Sumatra.","Vereins-Angelegenheilen. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_2_0182.pdf","Dicaeum sumatranum"],["28299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cruentatum niasense","Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 91 p.410",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4E9DA95",null,null,"Soliga, Nias Island.","Zoological results from the George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition, 1936-1939. Pt. III. Birds from Nias island,","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064295","Dicaeum cruentatum niasense"],["28300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cruentatum batuense","Richmond, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Mentawai Archipelago (off Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41B5967F",null,null,"Pulo Pinie, Batu Islands [Indonesia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/140/mode/1up","Dicaeum sumatranum batuense"],["28301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cruentatum simalurense","Salomonsen, 1961","American Museum Novitates no.2057 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B4A9B9B",null,null,"Sinabang, Simeulue [=Simalur] Island.","Notes on flowerpeckers (Aves, Dicaeidae). 4, Dicaeum igniferum and its derivatives.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3436/","Dicaeum cruentatum simalurense"],["28302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cruentatum nigrimentum","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.5 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo and Karimata Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A15D5CFD",null,null,"Sarawak, Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94506#page/245/mode/1up","Dicaeum nigrimentum"],["28303","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum celebicum","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.162,note","Grey-sided Flowerpecker","Gray-sided Flowerpecker","Grey-sided Flowerpecker",null,null,"Sulawesi region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717575","gysflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gysflo1","avibase-25D14505",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/178/mode/1up","Dicaeum celebicum"],["28304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum celebicum talautense","Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 5, no.9 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (northern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7E39D69",null,null,"Karkellang, Talaut Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104469#page/83/mode/1up","Dicaeum talautense"],["28305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum celebicum sanghirense","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe and Siau islands (off northern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74E93250",null,null,"Petta, Great Sangihe Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/64/mode/1up","Dicaeum sanghirense"],["28306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum celebicum celebicum","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.162,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi region, including Manadotua, Bangka, Lembeh, and Togian (off northeast) and Muna and Buton islands (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-313D3FE5",null,null,"Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/178/mode/1up","Dicaeum celebicum"],["28307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum celebicum sulaense","Sharpe, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.579",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (Taliabu, Mangole, and Sanana) (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-376DF32A",null,null,"Sula Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/711/mode/1up","Dicaeum Sulaense"],["28308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum celebicum kuehni","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Tukangbesi Archipelago (off Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03523002",null,null,"Kalidupa Island, Tukangbesi Islands","On the Birds collected on the Tukang-Besi Islands and Buton, south-east of Celebes, by Mr. Heinrich Kühn.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/42/mode/1up","Dicaeum kühni"],["28309","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum monticolum","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.452","Black-sided Flowerpecker","Black-sided Flowerpecker","Black-sided Flowerpecker",null,null,"montane Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717572","blsflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blsflo1","avibase-86A57304",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/510/mode/1up","Dicaeum monticolum"],["28310","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum beccarii","Robinson & Kloss, 1916","Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 73 p.278","Sumatran Flowerpecker","Sumatran Flowerpecker","Sumatran Flowerpecker","2025-0848","The <em>Dicaeum ignipectus</em> complex is treated as four species based on plumage and vocal evidence: polytypic <em>D. ignipectus</em>; monotypic <em>D. cambodianum; </em>monotypic<em> D. beccarii; </em>and polytypic <em>D. luzoniense</em>. Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","montane forest of Sumatra",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776954","fibflo5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibflo5","avibase-0BCE71E0",null,null,"Korinchi, Sumatra.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and sub-species of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb.-June 1914.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130712#page/328/mode/1up","Dicaeum beccarii"],["28311","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum cambodianum","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.135","Cambodian Flowerpecker","Cambodian Flowerpecker","Cambodian Flowerpecker","2025-0848","The <em>Dicaeum ignipectus</em> complex is treated as four species based on plumage and vocal evidence: polytypic <em>D. ignipectus</em>; monotypic <em>D. cambodianum; </em>monotypic<em> D. beccarii; </em>and polytypic <em>D. luzoniense</em>. Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","mountains of eastern Thailand and Cambodia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103777452","fibflo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibflo3","avibase-8C11AB08",null,null,"Le Bokor, 3,000 ft., Chaîne de l'Éléphant, Cambodia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/175/mode/1up","Dicaeum beccarii cambodianum"],["28312","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum ignipectus","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.983","Fire-breasted Flowerpecker","Fire-breasted Flowerpecker","Fire-breasted Flowerpecker","2025-0848","The <em>Dicaeum ignipectus</em> complex is treated as four species based on plumage and vocal evidence: polytypic <em>D. ignipectus</em>; monotypic <em>D. cambodianum; </em>monotypic<em> D. beccarii; </em>and polytypic <em>D. luzoniense</em>. Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","western Himalayas (Kashmir) to south-central China (including Hainan), Taiwan, Myanmar, Indochina, and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776843","fibflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibflo1","avibase-907DF569",null,null,"Nepal and Bhutan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/499/mode/1up","Myzanthe ignipectus"],["28313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum ignipectus ignipectus","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.983",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir) to south-central China, Myanmar, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A0EB245",null,null,"Nepal and Bhutan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/499/mode/1up","Myzanthe ignipectus"],["28314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum ignipectus dolichorhynchum","Deignan, 1938","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 51 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F13DEFCB",null,null,"Summit of Khao Nom Plu, 3,000 ft., Trang Province, peninsular Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107374#page/119/mode/1up","Dicaeum ignipectus dolichorhynchum"],["28315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum ignipectus formosum","Ogilvie-Grant, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1AD4A96",null,null,"Mt. Arizan, 6,000 ft., Formosa. Also described 1912, Ibis, p. 653.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/139/mode/1up","Dicaeum formosum"],["28316","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum luzoniense","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50","Fire-throated Flowerpecker","Fire-throated Flowerpecker","Fire-throated Flowerpecker","2025-0848","The <em>Dicaeum ignipectus</em> complex is treated as four species based on plumage and vocal evidence: polytypic <em>D. ignipectus</em>; monotypic <em>D. cambodianum; </em>monotypic<em> D. beccarii; </em>and polytypic <em>D. luzoniense</em>. Formal bioacoustic analyses and genetic data would be informative.","Philippines (except Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103777506","fibflo4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fibflo4","avibase-6C9DF46C",null,null,"Luzon. Also described 1894, Ibis, p. 551.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Dicaeum luzoniense"],["28317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum luzoniense luzoniense","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEDCDB48",null,null,"Luzon. Also described 1894, Ibis, p. 551.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Dicaeum luzoniense"],["28318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum luzoniense bonga","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"known from single Samar specimen (east-central Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D3967F5",null,null,"Samar, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/568/mode/1up","Dicaeum bonga"],["28319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum luzoniense apo","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Negros and Mindanao (mountains of west-central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2854CA8C",null,null,"Mt. Apo, Mindanao.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/567/mode/1up","Dicaeum apo"],["28320","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum erythrothorax","Lesson & Garnot, 1828","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie Atlas, 1 p.672, pl.30 fig.1,2","Buru Flowerpecker","Buru Flowerpecker","Buru Flowerpecker",null,null,"Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776345","flbflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flbflo2","avibase-3D30CF40",null,null,"Buru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/71/mode/1up","Dicaeum erythrothorax"],["28321","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum schistaceiceps","Gray, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.349","Halmahera Flowerpecker","Halmahera Flowerpecker","Halmahera Flowerpecker",null,null,"northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Kasiruta, Bacan, Obi, and Bisa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776352","flbflo3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flbflo3","avibase-2CB92155",null,null,"Batjan and Gilolo [= Halmahera].","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/447/mode/1up","Dicaeum schistaceiceps"],["28322","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum tristrami","Sharpe, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.579","Mottled Flowerpecker","Mottled Flowerpecker","Mottled Flowerpecker",null,null,"Makira Island (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717558","motflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motflo1","avibase-376EC06B",null,null,"San Christobal Island, Solomon Islands.","Note on some species of Birds of the family Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/711/mode/1up","Dicaeum tristrami"],["28323","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum eximium","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.102 pl.14 fig.2","Red-banded Flowerpecker","Red-banded Flowerpecker","Red-banded Flowerpecker",null,null,"forest and edge in lowlands and hills of New Hanover, Dyaul, New Ireland, and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717552","rebflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebflo1","avibase-5D552978",null,null,"New Ireland.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/158/mode/1up","Dicaeum eximium"],["28324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum eximium layardorum","Salvadori, 1880","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.16 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE0321D5",null,null,"Blanche Bay, New Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94436#page/73/mode/1up","Dicaeum layardorum"],["28325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum eximium eximium","Sclater, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.102 pl.14 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover and New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23EAE4E1",null,null,"New Ireland.","On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island, and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/158/mode/1up","Dicaeum eximium"],["28326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum eximium phaeopygium","Salomonsen, 1964","Biologiske Skrifter. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 14 no.1 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Dyaul Island (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-913C6AD1",null,null,"Sumuna, Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago.",null,null,"Dicaeum eximium phaeopygium"],["28327","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum aeneum","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.97, pl.22 fig.4","Midget Flowerpecker","Midget Flowerpecker","Midget Flowerpecker",null,null,"northern to southeastern Solomon Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717555","midflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/midflo1","avibase-7BFF5F7A",null,null,"San Jorge (near Santa Isabel), Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/101/mode/1up","Dicaeum aeneum"],["28328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum aeneum aeneum","Pucheran, 1853","Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 (etc.) 3 Mamm.Ois. p.97, pl.22 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Bougainville, Choiseul, Ysabel, and adjacent islands of northern Solomon Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42CC9AA7",null,null,"San Jorge (near Santa Isabel), Solomon Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141468#page/101/mode/1up","Dicaeum aeneum"],["28329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum aeneum malaitae","Salomonsen, 1960","American Museum Novitates no.2016 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Malaita (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5453F12C",null,null,"Malaita Island, Solomon Islands.","Notes on flowerpeckers (Aves, Dicaeidae). 3, The species group Dicaeum concolor and the superspecies Dicaeum erythrothorax.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3542/","Dicaeum aeneum malaitae"],["28330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum aeneum becki","Hartert, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.364 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal (central Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAFC21BD",null,null,"Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands.","Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. 8, Notes on birds from the Solomon Islands.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3749/","Dicaeum aeneum becki"],["28331","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum vulneratum","Wallace, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.32","Ashy Flowerpecker","Ashy Flowerpecker","Ashy Flowerpecker",null,null,"southeastern Moluccas (Boano, Seram, Ambon, Saparua, Gorong, and Seram Laut)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717540","ashflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ashflo1","avibase-20BD1A23",null,null,"Ceram.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/66/mode/1up","Dicaeum vulneratum"],["28332","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pectorale","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.162,note","Olive-crowned Flowerpecker","Olive-crowned Flowerpecker","Olive-crowned Flowerpecker",null,null,"forest in lowlands and hills of western New Guinea east through the Bird's Neck, including Gebe Island (east of Halmahera, northeastern Moluccas) and the Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717543","olcflo2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olcflo2","avibase-00242897",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/178/mode/1up","Dicaeum pectorale"],["28333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pectorale ignotum","Mees, 1964","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 40 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Gebe Island (Halmahera Sea off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-326E3D66",null,null,"Gebe, western Papuan Islands.","Four new subspecies of birds from the Moluccas and New Guinea.","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149651","Dicaeum pectorale ignotum"],["28334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum pectorale pectorale","Müller, 1843","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.162,note",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of western New Guinea and Raja Ampat Islands (off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCE5C7E3",null,null,"Lobo, Triton Bay, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/178/mode/1up","Dicaeum pectorale"],["28335","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum keiense","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.313","Pink-breasted Flowerpecker","Pink-breasted Flowerpecker","Pink-breasted Flowerpecker","2025-0850","Taxon <em>keiense </em>(polytypic, including <em>fulgidum</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicaeum hirundinaceum</em> based on plumage differences, supported by vocalizations and biogeographic considerations. Taxon <em>ignicolle</em>, sometimes split as a separate species, is treated as a subspecies of <em>D. hirundinaceum</em> based mostly on plumage pattern, supported by biogeographic considerations. However, further research, including genetic and vocal evidence, is needed to determine whether <em>ignicolle </em>warrants species status or is better placed as a subspecies of <em>D. keiense</em>.","Tayandu, Kai, and Watubela islands (southeastern Moluccas), Tanimbar Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778206","pibflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pibflo1","avibase-2A0A1DE3",null,null,"Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/331/mode/1up","Dicaeum keiense"],["28336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum keiense keiense","Salvadori, 1874","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Wallacea (Watubela, Tayandu, and Kai islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-394BF5BF",null,null,"Kei Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/331/mode/1up","Dicaeum keiense"],["28337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum keiense fulgidum","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena, Larat, and Lutu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8F5C444",null,null,"Larat, Tenimber Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/110/mode/1up","Dicaeum fulgidum"],["28338","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hirundinaceum","(Shaw, 1792)","The naturalist's miscellany 4, no.2 pl.114","Mistletoebird","Mistletoebird",null,"2025-0850","Taxon <em>keiense </em>(polytypic, including <em>fulgidum</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Dicaeum hirundinaceum</em> based on plumage differences, supported by vocalizations and biogeographic considerations. Taxon <em>ignicolle</em>, sometimes split as a separate species, is treated as a subspecies of <em>D. hirundinaceum</em> based mostly on plumage pattern, supported by biogeographic considerations. However, further research, including genetic and vocal evidence, is needed to determine whether <em>ignicolle </em>warrants species status or is better placed as a subspecies of <em>D. keiense</em>.","Torres Strait Islands and treed areas of mainland Australia",null,null,null,"mistle1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mistle1","avibase-4E08D31A",null,null,"New Holland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155487#page/27/mode/1up","Motacilla hirundinacea"],["28339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hirundinaceum hirundinaceum","(Shaw, 1792)","The naturalist's miscellany 4, no.2 pl.114",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except western deserts and Tasmania), including southern and central Torres Strait islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CCB0FB6",null,null,"New Holland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155487#page/27/mode/1up","Motacilla hirundinacea"],["28340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum hirundinaceum ignicolle","Gray, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.357 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98E4D63A",null,null,"Aru Islands.","A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species obtained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/239/mode/1up","Dicaeum ignicolle"],["28341","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum nitidum","Tristram, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.555","Louisiade Flowerpecker","Louisiade Flowerpecker","Louisiade Flowerpecker",null,null,"varied wooded habitats in lowlands and hills of Louisiade Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717549","louflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/louflo1","avibase-92AEC0AF",null,null,"Sudest [= Tagula] Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/585/mode/1up","Dicaeum nitidum"],["28342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum nitidum nitidum","Tristram, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.555",null,null,null,null,null,"Misima and Tagula (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-060CD2C8",null,null,"Sudest [= Tagula] Island, Louisiade Archipelago.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/585/mode/1up","Dicaeum nitidum"],["28343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum nitidum rosseli","Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Rossel (Louisiade Archipelago, off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-239538CB",null,null,"Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/62/mode/1up","Dicaeum geelvinkianum rosseli"],["28344","species","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70 p.120 {note: ? source abr.}","Red-capped Flowerpecker","Red-capped Flowerpecker","Red-capped Flowerpecker",null,null,"varied wooded habitats in lowlands and hills of New Guinea (except Bird's Head Peninsula), from Cenderawasih Bay islands eastward through the southeastern peninsula and D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717546","recflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recflo1","avibase-C4E2C54B",null,null,"Jobi, Mysore and Mafoor [= Japen, Biak and Numfor] ; restricted to Japen by Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 34; vide Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2016, p. 26.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/136/mode/1up","Dicaeum geelvinkianum"],["28345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum maforense","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.944",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-252889A2",null,null,"Mafor [= Numfor] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/950/mode/1up","Dicaeum maforense"],["28346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum misoriense","Salvadori, 1876","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.945",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA2B2BC6",null,null,"Korido, Misori [= Biak] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/951/mode/1up","Dicaeum misoriense"],["28347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum geelvinkianum","Meyer, 1874","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 70 p.120 {note: ? source abr.}",null,null,null,null,null,"Yapen and nearby Kurudu Island (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5546E594",null,null,"Jobi, Mysore and Mafoor [= Japen, Biak and Numfor] ; restricted to Japen by Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 34; vide Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2016, p. 26.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/136/mode/1up","Dicaeum geelvinkianum"],["28348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum obscurifrons","Junge, 1952","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 31 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central New Guinea (northeast of Etna Bay eastward to Wissel Lakes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B41E0E9F",null,null,"Paniai, Wissel Lake District, New Guinea.","New subspecies of birds from New Guinea.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318288","Dicaeum geelvinkianum obscurifrons"],["28349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum","Rothschild & Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.2 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central New Guinea (Western Ranges and central portions of the central ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D57DD149",null,null,"Ambernoh [= Mamberano] River, northern New Guinea.","Notes on Papuan birds. (Continued from Page 116).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/233/mode/1up","Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum"],["28350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum albopunctatum","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of south-central New Guinea (Merauke and Digul River eastward to Daru Island and Orioma River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7991BB29",null,null,"Kataw [= Binaturi] River, southern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/81/mode/1up","Dicaeum albopunctatum"],["28351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum rubrigulare","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea (Palmer Junction to mouth of Fly River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B3E08C1",null,null,"Fly River, 200-430 miles upstream. British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/80/mode/1up","Dicaeum rubrigulare"],["28352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum rubrocoronatum","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and southeastern New Guinea (westward to upper Sepik River and Purari River, including Karkar and Manam islands and Huon Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-052EF3AD",null,null,"Port Moresby, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/359/mode/1up","Dicaeum rubro-coronatum"],["28353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Dicaeidae","Flowerpeckers","Dicaeum geelvinkianum violaceum","Mayr, 1936","American Museum Novitates no.869 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Goodenough, Fergusson, and Dobu, in D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-405FE8F0",null,null,"Goodenough Island, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago.","New subspecies of birds from the New Guinea region.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3966/","Dicaeum geelvinkianum violaceum"],["28354","family","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectariniidae",null,null,"Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Sunbirds and Spiderhunters","Sunbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"nectar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nectar1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28355","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Kurochkinegramma","Kashin, 1978","Research on the fauna of the Soviet Union. Birds and reptiles p.173",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Anthreptes nuchalis [Blyth, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Kurochkinegramma"],["28356","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.173,note","Purple-naped Spiderhunter","Purple-naped Spiderhunter","Purple-naped Spiderhunter","2025-N067","The suffix \"-<em>gramma</em>\" in <em>Kurochkinegramma </em>has the same derivation as in <em>Hypogramma</em>: namely the neuter Greek noun \"gramma\" (=drawing, writing). The species epithet <em>hypogrammicum </em>is an adjectivization, and has been used as such ever since the original coinage of <em>Hypogramma hypogrammicum</em>. Therefore, it should retain its usage as an adjective (and therefore its ending) under the new genus.","patchy in lowland to foothill forest edge, peat-swamp forest, secondary growth, and plantations, from north-central Myanmar eastward to Vietnam, and southward to Malayan Peninsula and some satellite islands, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717680","punsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/punsun1","avibase-7700E7E6",null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/189/mode/1up","Nectarinia hypogrammica"],["28357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum lisettae","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (western Yunnan) to northern Myanmar, northern Thailand, and central Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEC6B24C",null,null,"Col des Nuages, Annam.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/56/mode/1up","Anthreptes hypogrammica lisettae"],["28358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum mariae","(Deignan, 1943)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 56, no.5 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Cambodia and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53AA2340",null,null,"Arboretum of Trang Bom, Province of Bienhoa, Cochin-China.","New forms of Anthreptes and Seicercus (Aves) from the Indo-Chinese sub-region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/52/mode/1up","Anthreptes hypogrammica mariae"],["28359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum nuchale","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.980",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-426861D4",null,null,"Singapore.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/496/mode/1up","Anthr[eptes] nuchalis"],["28360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum hypogrammicum","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.173,note",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CF47575",null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/189/mode/1up","Nectarinia hypogrammica"],["28361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum natunense","(Chasen, 1935)","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 10 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDADA35C",null,null,"Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.","Four new races of Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328663/em-four-new-races-of-malaysian-em-birds","Anthreptes macularia natunensis"],["28362","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera","Temminck, 1826","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.65, vol.4 pl.388, text, fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nectarinia chrysogenys [Temminck, 1826]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/220/mode/1up","Arachnothera"],["28363","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera crassirostris","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.314-315, pl.592 fig.4016","Thick-billed Spiderhunter","Thick-billed Spiderhunter","Thick-billed Spiderhunter",null,null,"forest of peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718106","thbspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbspi1","avibase-5C74D7EC",null,null,"no locality; Sumatra designated by Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 353; later restricted, without comment, to 'Settlement of Malacca by Robinson, 1928, Birds Malay Pen., 2, p. 297.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/350/mode/1up","Arachnocestra crassirostris"],["28364","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera robusta","Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.68 pl.11 fig.1","Long-billed Spiderhunter","Long-billed Spiderhunter","Long-billed Spiderhunter",null,null,"forest and gardens in the Malayan Peninsula from southernmost Myanmar (southern Tenasserim) and southern Thailand southwards to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718109","lobspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobspi1","avibase-1C7C664E",null,null,"Indrapoera, western Sumatra.",null,null,"Arachnothera robusta"],["28365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera robusta robusta","Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Zool. Aves p.68 pl.11 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of southern peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22570178",null,null,"Indrapoera, western Sumatra.",null,null,"Arachnothera robusta"],["28366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera robusta armata","Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie [\"1845\"] Zool. Aves p.68, pl. xi, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26A90248",null,null,"Mt. Pangerango, 1,100 ft., Java.",null,null,"Arachnothera armata"],["28367","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera flammifera","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.343","Orange-tufted Spiderhunter","Orange-tufted Spiderhunter","Orange-tufted Spiderhunter",null,null,"East Visayas and Mindanao group (east-central and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778923","ortspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ortspi1","avibase-3933216D",null,null,"southern Leyte.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. VI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Leyte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/417/mode/1up","Arachnothera flammifera"],["28368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera flammifera flammifera","Tweeddale, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Mindanao, Dinagat, and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6B5C235",null,null,"southern Leyte.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. VI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Leyte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/417/mode/1up","Arachnothera flammifera"],["28369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera flammifera randi","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B985DE88",null,null,"Basilan.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Arachnothera longirostris randi"],["28370","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera dilutior","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 45 p.298","Pale Spiderhunter","Pale Spiderhunter","Palawan Spiderhunter",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778680","palspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palspi2","avibase-E1281FE3",null,null,"Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/318/mode/1up","Arachnothera dilutior"],["28371","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.299","Little Spiderhunter","Little Spiderhunter","Little Spiderhunter",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest understory, secondary forest, coastal scrub, plantations, mangroves, and gardens, patchily in southwestern and eastern India, and from eastern Nepal eastward to south-central China and northern Vietnam, and southward to Greater Sundas and satellite islands, and Bali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778625","litspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litspi1","avibase-B4EF3CAD",null,null,"Bengal; restricted to Tippera District, Bengal State, Pakistan, by Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 226, p. 208.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/321/mode/1up","Certhia longirostra"],["28372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra longirostra","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern, east-central, and northeastern India (Western Ghats from Goa region southward to western Tamil Nadu and Kerala; eastern Odisha and northern Eastern Ghats; Darjeeling; Arunachal Pradesh southward to Meghalaya and Manipur), eastern Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar eastward to southern China (western Yunnan) and western Thailand (southward to Isthmus of Kra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A307C738",null,null,"Bengal; restricted to Tippera District, Bengal State, Pakistan, by Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 226, p. 208.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/321/mode/1up","Certhia longirostra"],["28373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra sordida","La Touche, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern China (southern and southeastern Yunnan, and far northwestern Guangxi), northeastern Thailand, and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4610B27F",null,null,"Hokow, 300 ft., southeastern Yunnan, China.","Descriptions of new birds from S.E. Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/254/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostris sordida"],["28374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra pallida","Delacour, 1932","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 2 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and central and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49CEE924",null,null,"Pakse, Laos.","Étude systématique de quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou intéressants obtenus par la VIe expédition en Indochine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311230#page/442/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostris pallida"],["28375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra cinereicollis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra including satellites",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F7F9FAB",null,null,"no locality ; Malacca designated by Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, p. 281.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/522/mode/1up","Cinnyris cinireicollis"],["28376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra zarhina","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Banyak Islands (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3764BC0C",null,null,"Pulo Bangkaru, Banjak Islands.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/136/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostra zarhina"],["28377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra niasensis","van Oort, 1910","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXXII, Note XIX p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Nias (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCC8BE35",null,null,"Nias Island.","On Arachnothera longirostra (Latham).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/211/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostria niasensis"],["28378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra prillwitzi","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.1 p.51-52",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5008E97C",null,null,"Mount Gedeh, Java.","Some notes on Java birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/69/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostris prillwitzi"],["28379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra rothschildi","van Oort, 1910","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXXII, Note XIX p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B21EFD5F",null,null,"Boengoeran (Bunguran Island) , Natuna Islands.","On Arachnothera longirostra (Latham).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/211/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostra rothschildi"],["28380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra atita","Oberholser, 1932","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 159 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"South Natuna Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2440FC79",null,null,"Sirhassen Island, Natuna Islands.","The Birds of the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33309#page/114/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostra atita"],["28381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera longirostra buettikoferi","van Oort, 1910","Notes from the Leyden Museum XXXII, Note XIX p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-448A2054",null,null,"Borneo.","On Arachnothera longirostra (Latham).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47531#page/211/mode/1up","Arachnothera longirostra büttikoferi"],["28382","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera juliae","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.451 pl.14","Whitehead's Spiderhunter","Whitehead's Spiderhunter","Whitehead's Spiderhunter",null,null,"montane forest of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718131","whispi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whispi1","avibase-F316501A",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo.","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/509/mode/1up","Arachnothera juliae"],["28383","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera chrysogenys","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.65, vol.4 pl.388 fig.1","Yellow-eared Spiderhunter","Yellow-eared Spiderhunter","Yellow-eared Spiderhunter",null,null,"southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718115","yeespi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeespi1","avibase-87554DD5",null,null,"Bantam district, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/219/mode/1up","Nectarinia chrysogenys"],["28384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera chrysogenys chrysogenys","(Temminck, 1826)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.65, vol.4 pl.388 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and western Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2118BDCE",null,null,"Bantam district, Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/219/mode/1up","Nectarinia chrysogenys"],["28385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera chrysogenys harrissoni","Deignan, 1957","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70, no.8 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-821F03BC",null,null,"Labuan Kelambu, lat. 1° 15' N., long. 118° 39' E., Borneo.","A trio of new birds from tropical Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/60/mode/1up","Arachnothera chrysogenys harrissoni"],["28386","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera clarae","Blasius, 1890","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.87 p.877","Naked-faced Spiderhunter","Naked-faced Spiderhunter","Naked-faced Spiderhunter",null,null,"Luzon, East Visayas, and Mindanao group (northern to southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718118","nafspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nafspi1","avibase-9CBAAD85",null,null,"Davao, Mindanao.",null,null,"Arachnothera clarae"],["28387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera clarae luzonensis","Alcasid & Gonzales, 1968","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 88, no.7 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Sierra Madre mountains of east-central Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FB08906",null,null,"Dumagat, Pakil, Laguna, Luzon, Philippines","A new race of the Naked-faced Spider-hunter (Arachnothera clarae) from Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/391/mode/1up","Arachnothera clarae luzonensis"],["28388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera clarae philippinensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Philippines (Samar, Leyte, and Biliran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A3D15CE",null,null,"Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/25/mode/1up","Philemon philippinensis"],["28389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera clarae clarae","Blasius, 1890","Braunschweigische Anzeigen no.87 p.877",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (eastern Mindanao in Davao area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28D31B06",null,null,"Davao, Mindanao.",null,null,"Arachnothera clarae"],["28390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera clarae malindangensis","Rand & Rabor, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (central and western Mindanao) and Basilan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26931ABA",null,null,"Masawan, Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/11/mode/1up","Arachnothera clarae malindangensis"],["28391","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera flavigaster","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.105","Spectacled Spiderhunter","Spectacled Spiderhunter","Spectacled Spiderhunter",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718112","spespi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spespi2","avibase-D33E142C",null,null,"'Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/635/mode/1up","Anthreptes flavigaster"],["28392","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera magna","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.272","Streaked Spiderhunter","Streaked Spiderhunter","Streaked Spiderhunter",null,null,"Himalayas (from western Nepal) to southern China, western southeastern Asia, Vietnam, and Malayan Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718128","strspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strspi1","avibase-3E2ED011",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/286/mode/1up","Cinnyris magna"],["28393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera magna magna","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Garhwal to northern Myanmar and southwestern China and Malayan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7725C10A",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/286/mode/1up","Cinnyris magna"],["28394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera magna aurata","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.5 p.478-479",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-327B65E7",null,null,"Pegu.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for July, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/526/mode/1up","Arachnothera aurata"],["28395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera magna musarum","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.210-211",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (Southern Shan State) to northern Thailand and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A14FE109",null,null,"Doi Phu Kha, lat. 19° 05' N., long. 101° 05' E., Nan Province, Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/434/mode/1up","Arachnothera magna musarum"],["28396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera magna remota","Riley, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53, no.18 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E4128C2",null,null,"Langbian Peaks, 7,020 ft., southern Annam.","Three new forms of Birds from south Annam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/100/mode/1up","Arachnothera magna remota"],["28397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera magna pagodarum","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and southwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A35689C2",null,null,"Ban Hin Laem, lat. 14° 40' N., long. 98° 40' E., Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/435/mode/1up","Arachnothera magna pagodarum"],["28398","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera affinis","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.166","Streaky-breasted Spiderhunter","Streaky-breasted Spiderhunter",null,null,null,"montane Java and Bali; possibly also montane Sumatra",null,null,null,"stbspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbspi2","avibase-A9FD4193",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/185/mode/1up","Cinnyris affinis"],["28399","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera everetti","(Sharpe, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.20 p.561","Bornean Spiderhunter","Bornean Spiderhunter",null,"2025-0866, 2025-0867","2025-0866)) Taxon <em>pars </em>is provisionally synonymized with <em>everetti </em>pending further clarification of its validity. 2025-0867)) Taxon <em>everetti</em> is separated from both <em>Arachnothera affinis</em> and <em>A. modesta</em> based on genomic and mitochondrial DNA data (Moyle et al. 2011, 2017), supplemented by minor plumage differences. A comprehensive bioacoustic, genetic, and phenotypic analysis of the entire complex is needed to confirm species limits in this group.","mountains of northern, central, and eastern Borneo",null,null,null,"borspi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borspi1","avibase-2415E2C8",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo.","Additions to the Avifauna of Mount Kina Balu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/591/mode/1up","Arachnoraphis everetti"],["28400","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera modesta","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.105","Grey-breasted Spiderhunter","Gray-breasted Spiderhunter","Grey-breasted Spiderhunter","2025-0866, 2025-0867","2025-0866)) Taxon <em>pars </em>is provisionally synonymized with <em>everetti </em>pending further clarification of its validity. 2025-0867)) Taxon <em>everetti</em> is separated from both <em>Arachnothera affinis</em> and <em>A. modesta</em> based on genomic and mitochondrial DNA data (Moyle et al. 2011, 2017), supplemented by minor plumage differences. A comprehensive bioacoustic, genetic, and phenotypic analysis of the entire complex is needed to confirm species limits in this group.","tropical rainforest and swamp forest, dry coastal forest, and scrub in the Malayan Peninsula from southernmost Myanmar southward to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra (including Mentawai Islands), and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103792501","gybspi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybspi2","avibase-FFC4730E",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/635/mode/1up","Anthreptes modesta"],["28401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera modesta caena","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar and northern peninsular Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E45AF264",null,null,"Ban Hin Laem, lat. 14° 40' N., long. 98° 40' E., Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/434/mode/1up","Arachnothera affinis caena"],["28402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera modesta modesta","(Eyton, 1839)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand (south of Isthmus of Kra), Malayan Peninsula, and western Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-945F1182",null,null,"Malaya.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/635/mode/1up","Anthreptes modesta"],["28403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Arachnothera modesta concolor","Snelleman, 1887","Midden-Sumatra. Reizen en onderzoekingen der Sumatra-expeditie (etc.) p.31, pl. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Mentawai Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B408EE8C",null,null,"Sumatra [= Silago, ca. 100 km. east of Padang, east slope Boekit Barisan, fide Mees, in lit.] .","Midden-Sumatra, Natuurlijke historie,","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102900#page/75/mode/1up","Arachnothera concolor"],["28404","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia singalensis [Latham, 1790]; type by original designation = Motacilla singalensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/119/mode/1up","Chalcoparia"],["28405","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.964","Ruby-cheeked Sunbird","Ruby-cheeked Sunbird","Ruby-cheeked Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, riparian woodland, mangroves, plantations, coconut groves, and gardens, from central Nepal and northeastern India eastward to south-central China and Vietnam, and southward through southeastern Asia to Greater Sundas and satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717626","rucsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucsun2","avibase-67A740A4",null,null,"Ceylon [error] ; Malacca designed by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 21.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/465/mode/1up","Motacilla singalensis"],["28406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis assamensis","Kloss, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 50 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal to Bangladesh, Assam, southwestern China, northern Myanmar, and northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD22E17",null,null,"Cachar, India (not Certhia lepida Latham, 1790, which is a synonym of Certhia malacensis Scopoli, 1786) .","Note on a Ruby-cheek and proposal of a new name for the bird from Cachar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125292#page/106/mode/1up","Chalcoparia singalensis assamensis"],["28407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis koratensis","Kloss, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.2 p.218-219",null,null,null,null,null,"plateau of eastern Thailand to Laos and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99B7E7CC",null,null,"Lat Bua Khao, eastern Siam.","On Birds recently collected in Siam. Part II. Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/280/mode/1up","Chalcoparia singalensis koratensis"],["28408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis internota","(Deignan, 1955)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68, no.23 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to southern Thailand (Isthmus of Kra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2460656F",null,null,"Ban Khlua Klang, ca. lat. 11° 38' N., long. 99° 36' E., Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand.","Four new races of birds from East Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/161/mode/1up","Anthreptes singalensis internotus"],["28409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis interposita","Robinson & Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand (south of Isthmus of Kra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72851FB5",null,null,"Takuapa, west coast peninsular Siam.","New and little known Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/225/mode/1up","Chalcoparia singalensis interposita"],["28410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis singalensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.964",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula from Perak southward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFA1E0F8",null,null,"Ceylon [error] ; Malacca designed by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 21.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/465/mode/1up","Motacilla singalensis"],["28411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis sumatrana","Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Belitung Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81B609DB",null,null,"Mt. Talamau, 400 m., Ophir district, central Sumatra.","New and little known Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/225/mode/1up","Chalcoparia singalensis sumatrana"],["28412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis panopsia","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"islands off western Sumatra (Banyak, Nias, and Tanahmasa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3CAB0FD",null,null,"Tuanku Island, Banjak Islands, West Sumatra.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/139/mode/1up","Chalcoparia singalensis panopsia"],["28413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis pallida","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-828684BF",null,null,"Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.","Nine new races of Natuna Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328589/em-nine-new-races-of-natuna-birds-em","Chalcoparia singalensis pallida"],["28414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis borneana","Kloss, 1921","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 10 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo including Banggi (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60E83BF5",null,null,"Bukar, Samarahan, Sarawak.","New and little known Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62947#page/225/mode/1up","Chalcoparia singalensis borneana"],["28415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis bantenensis","(Hoogerwerf, 1967)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 87, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"far western Java (Banten region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9170B04",null,null,"Tjibunar, Udjung Kulon (West Java).","A new subspecies of the Ruby-cheek (Anthreptes singalensis) (Gmelin) from Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126845#page/27/mode/1up","Anthreptes singalensis bantenensis"],["28416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcoparia singalensis phoenicotis","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.18, vol.4 pl.108, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0FE1252",null,null,"Java and Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/227/mode/1up","Nectarinia phoenicotis"],["28417","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cinnyris javanica [Swainson, 1822]; type by original designation and monotypy = Certhia malacensis Scopoli, 1786  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/669/mode/1up","Anthreptes"],["28418","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes reichenowi","Gunning, 1909","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1, no.3 p.173","Plain-backed Sunbird","Plain-backed Sunbird","Plain-backed Sunbird",null,null,"lowland coastal forest, inland gallery forest within savanna, and miombo woodland, from southeastern Kenya southward through eastern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717602","plbsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbsun1","avibase-67F06823",null,null,"Mzimbiti, near Beira, Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique].","Description of two new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203520#page/241/mode/1up","Anthreptes reichenowi"],["28419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes reichenowi yokanae","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland coastal forest of southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F938DFCB",null,null,"Rabai, Kenya.","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, exhibition and description of a new species of Sunbird from Rabai, north of Mombasa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/93/mode/1up","Anthreptes yokanae"],["28420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes reichenowi reichenowi","Gunning, 1909","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1, no.3 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in eastern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-937A496A",null,null,"Mzimbiti, near Beira, Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique].","Description of two new species of birds in the Transvaal Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203520#page/241/mode/1up","Anthreptes reichenowi"],["28421","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes anchietae","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.208","Anchieta's Sunbird","Anchieta's Sunbird","Anchieta's Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill miombo woodland, and degraded rocky miombo, from central Angola eastward to southwestern Tanzania, and southward to central Zambia, Malawi, and northwestern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717606","ancsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ancsun1","avibase-1DA9FFC9",null,null,"Caconda, 'in the interior of Benguella' [= Huila] , Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/220/mode/1up","Nectarinia anchietae"],["28422","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes simplex","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.173","Plain Sunbird","Plain Sunbird","Plain Sunbird",null,null,"southern Myanmar to Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra including Nias, Borneo, and North Natuna Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717611","plasun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plasun1","avibase-2FFB2DBC",null,null,"Sumatra and Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/189/mode/1up","Nectarinia simplex"],["28423","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.91","Brown-throated Sunbird","Brown-throated Sunbird","Brown-throated Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, coastal scrub, mangroves, plantations, coconut groves, and gardens, from western Myanmar eastward to southern Laos and southern Vietnam, and southward to Philippines, Greater Sundas and satellite islands, Sulawesi and satellite islands, and Lesser Sundas (eastward to Sumba and Alor)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103792612","pltsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltsun2","avibase-7F96C52A",null,null,"Malacca (ex Sonnerat, 1782, Voy. Indes Orient. Chine, 2, p. 209).",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Certhia malacensis"],["28424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis malacensis","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to Indochina and the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and satellites, Borneo (except northern), Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DF33E21",null,null,"Malacca (ex Sonnerat, 1782, Voy. Indes Orient. Chine, 2, p. 209).",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Certhia malacensis"],["28425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis anambae","Oberholser, 1917","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4643D4F8",null,null,"Pulo Mobur, Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/77/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis anambae"],["28426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis erixanthus","Oberholser, 1932","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 159 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Natuna Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4064677",null,null,"Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands.","The Birds of the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33309#page/119/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis erixanthus"],["28427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis bornensis","Riley, 1920","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Borneo (Sabah, Brunei, and adjacent islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09D74774",null,null,"Po Bui Island, Sandakan, British North Borneo.","Four new birds from the Philippines and Greater Sunda Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/77/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis bornensis"],["28428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis mjobergi","Bangs & Peters, 1927","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,"Maratua Island (off northeastern Borneo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C94E7624",null,null,"Maratua Island, East Borneo.","Birds from Maratua Island, off the east coast of Borneo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/280/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis mjobergi"],["28429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis paraguae","Riley, 1920","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Balabac, Culion, Palawan, and Calauit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09FAFDC9",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Four new birds from the Philippines and Greater Sunda Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/77/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis paraguae"],["28430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis heliolusius","Oberholser, 1923","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 13, no.11 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan, western and central Mindanao, and Talicod)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BA0FD79",null,null,"Basilan Island.","Descriptions of new East Indian Nectariniidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45083#page/236/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis heliolusius"],["28431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis wiglesworthi","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Tawitawi, and Basbas, in southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E86EA56D",null,null,"Sulu Island.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. II. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sumatra, Malakka und Indien. II. Kapitel (Fortsetzung). Naturgeschichtliches aus Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/253/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis wiglesworthi"],["28432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis iris","Parkes, 1971","Nemouria 4 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Sibutu and Sitanki)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B725B91C",null,null,"Sibutu Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines","Taxonomic and distributional notes on Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173018#page/114/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis iris"],["28433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis chlorigaster","Sharpe, 1877","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Philippines (Cebu, Masbate, Negros, Panay, Sibuyan, Tablas, Romblon, and Ticao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-408BFA81",null,null,"Negros Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/464/mode/1up","Anthreptes chlorigaster"],["28434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Cagayan Sulu (far southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D0AF77",null,null,"Cagayan Sulu Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/24/mode/1up","Anthreptes cagayanensis"],["28435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis heliocalus","Oberholser, 1923","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 13, no.11 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe and Siau (off Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAFA87EF",null,null,"Sanghir Island.","Descriptions of new East Indian Nectariniidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45083#page/237/mode/1up","Anthreptes malacensis heliocalus"],["28436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis celebensis","Shelley, 1878","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-717DBA8C",null,null,"Celebes ; type from Macassar, {fide Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, p. 59).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/633/mode/1up","Anthreptes celebensis"],["28437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis extremus","Mees, 1966","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 41 p.255",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5C80282",null,null,"Soela Besi, Soela Islands.","A new subspecies of Anthreptes malacensis (Scopoli) from the Soela Islands (Aves, Nectarinidae).","https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150655","Anthreptes malacensis extremus"],["28438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis convergens","Rensch, 1929","Journal für Ornithologie 77, suppl.2 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Pantar and Alor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DC9B1A0",null,null,"Sita, Flores.","Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vogelwelt der Inseln Alor und Lomblen. Auf Grund der Sammlungen Baron Plessens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01917244","Anthreptes malaccensis convergens"],["28439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes malacensis rubrigena","Rensch, 1931","Treubia 13, no.3-4 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65E1409A",null,null,"Laora, Sumba.","Ueber einige Vogelsammlungen des Buitenzorger Museums von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v13i3-4.1954","Anthreptes malacensis rubrigena"],["28440","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes griseigularis","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.830-831","Grey-throated Sunbird","Gray-throated Sunbird","Grey-throated Sunbird",null,null,"Luzon group, Mindoro, East Visayas, and eastern Mindanao (north, east-central, and southeastern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103792631","pltsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pltsun3","avibase-C8FA38F5",null,null,"Surigao, northeastern Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. III. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/564/mode/1up","Anthothreptus griseigularis"],["28441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes griseigularis birgitae","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, and Catanduanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4544BD7A",null,null,"Barit, Abra Province, northern Luzon.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Anthreptes malacensis birgitae"],["28442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes griseigularis griseigularis","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.830-831",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Sakuyok, Camiguin Sur, and northeastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4D36933",null,null,"Surigao, northeastern Mindanao.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. III. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/564/mode/1up","Anthothreptus griseigularis"],["28443","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes rhodolaemus","Shelley, 1878","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds pt6 p.313 pl.101,fig.","Red-throated Sunbird","Red-throated Sunbird","Red-throated Sunbird",null,null,"lowlands of southern Myanmar through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717618","retsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retsun3","avibase-63A37EE4",null,null,"Malacca and Sumatra; restricted to Malacca by Riley, 1934, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47, p. 116.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/623/mode/1up","Anthreptes rhodolaema"],["28444","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes gabonicus","(Hartlaub, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.13,109","Mangrove Sunbird","Mouse-brown Sunbird","Mouse-brown Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland mangroves, farms and gardens in coastal areas, plantations, and inland along riverine forest along large rivers, from Senegambia eastward to western Cameron, thence southward to northwestern Angola; seasonal dispersal inland to Mali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717629","mobsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mobsun1","avibase-C13861D6",null,null,"Gabon.","Ueber einige neue Vögel Westafrica's.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/27/mode/1up","Nectarinia gabonica"],["28445","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes longuemarei","(Lesson, 1831)","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.8 text to pl.23","Western Violet-backed Sunbird","Western Violet-backed Sunbird","Western Violet-backed Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane savanna, miombo and gallery woodland, thornscrub, and mangroves, from Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to southwestern Sudan and western Kenya, southward to Angola, Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique; seasonal migration in the Sahel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717635","wvbsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wvbsun1","avibase-857DCDD5",null,null,"'Senegambia superior.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/123/mode/1up","Cinnyris longuemarei"],["28446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes longuemarei longuemarei","(Lesson, 1831)","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.8 text to pl.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4640CFE",null,null,"'Senegambia superior.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/123/mode/1up","Cinnyris longuemarei"],["28447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes longuemarei angolensis","Neumann, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.6-7",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola to western Tanzania and western Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FCD731A",null,null,"Duque de Braganga, Angola.","Diagnosen neuer afrikanischer Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/20/mode/1up","Anthreptes longmari angolensis"],["28448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes longuemarei nyassae","Neumann, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to Malawi, eastern Mozambique, and eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFB53AA9",null,null,"'Lahengula, Zomba' [= Zomba] .","Diagnosen neuer afrikanischer Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/21/mode/1up","Anthreptes longmari nyassae"],["28449","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes orientalis","Hartlaub, 1880","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.150 p.213","Eastern Violet-backed Sunbird","Eastern Violet-backed Sunbird","Eastern Violet-backed Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane open woodland, thornscrub, and highland juniper forest, from southeastern South Sudan and central Ethiopia eastward to Somalia, and southward to northern Uganda and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717640","kvbsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kvbsun1","avibase-2D0C83B2",null,null,"Lado, on Bahr-el-Jebel [White Nile] , Sudan.","Ueber einige neue von Dr. Emin Bey, Gouverneur der Aequatorialprovinzen Aegytens, um Lado, Central-Afrika, entdeckte Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/225/mode/1up","Anthreptes orientalis"],["28450","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes neglectus","Neumann, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.13","Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird","Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird","Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane highland and gallery forest, coastal forest, forest edge thickets, and plantations, from southeastern Kenya, and southward through eastern Tanzania to northeastern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717645","uvbsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uvbsun1","avibase-56C6CBA8",null,null,"Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory.","Zwei neue afrikanische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/31/mode/1up","Anthreptes longuemarei neglectus"],["28451","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes aurantius","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.417","Violet-tailed Sunbird","Violet-tailed Sunbird","Violet-tailed Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill gallery forest, seasonally flooded forest and swamp-forest, wooded savanna, and mangroves, from southern Cameroon eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to northwestern and northeastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717649","vitsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vitsun1","avibase-74D67BDB",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voir p. 257 et 306.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/441/mode/1up","Anthreptes aurantium"],["28452","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes seimundi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.19","Little Green Sunbird","Little Green Sunbird","Little Green Sunbird",null,null,"lowland and foothill woodland, rainforest, wooded grassland, and plantations, from western Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to southern South Sudan and Uganda, southward to northern Angola and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717683","ligsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ligsun2","avibase-1B29AD28",null,null,"'Fernando Po and West Africa . . .' ; type from Banterbari, Fernando Po, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 711.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/391/mode/1up","Cinnyris seimundi"],["28453","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes seimundi kruensis","(Bannerman, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Sierra Leone to Ghana and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E68A1A29",null,null,"Nanna Kru, Liberia.","On two new species of birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/51/mode/1up","Cinnyris kruensis"],["28454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes seimundi seimundi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-642D21F3",null,null,"'Fernando Po and West Africa . . .' ; type from Banterbari, Fernando Po, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 711.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/391/mode/1up","Cinnyris seimundi"],["28455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes seimundi minor","Bates, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria and southern Cameroon eastward to Central African Republic, southern South Sudan, Uganda, and Rwanda, southward to northern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24DA49CD",null,null,"Sanaga River, north of Yaounde, Cameroon.","Description of new forms from Cameroon, with remarks on the species generally.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/145/mode/1up","Anthreptes seimundi minor"],["28456","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes rectirostris","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.246","Yellow-chinned Sunbird","Yellow-chinned Sunbird","Yellow-chinned Sunbird","2025-1004","Taxon <em>tephrolaemus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Anthreptes rectirostris</em> based on abrupt differences in male plumage across a well-documented zoogeographical barrier, supported by vocalizations (Dowsett-Lemaire &amp; Dowsett 2014). Genetic data would be informative.","lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, forest edge, farmbush, oil palms, and plantations, from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea eastward to southern Ghana and southwestern Togo; some seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103792746","grnsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnsun1","avibase-3429B283",null,null,"amended to Ashanti, Gold Coast, by Bannerman, 1948, Birds Trop. West Africa, 6, p. 242.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/332/mode/1up","Certhia rectirostris"],["28457","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes tephrolaemus","(Jardine & Fraser, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.154-155","Grey-chinned Sunbird","Gray-chinned Sunbird","Grey-chinned Sunbird","2025-1004","Taxon <em>tephrolaemus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Anthreptes rectirostris</em> based on abrupt differences in male plumage across a well-documented zoogeographical barrier, supported by vocalizations (Dowsett-Lemaire &amp; Dowsett 2014). Genetic data would be informative.","lowland to submontane primary and secondary forest, forest edge, farmbush, oil palms, and plantations, from southern Nigeria (and previously Benin) and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to southern South Sudan and southwestern Kenya, and southward to northwestern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Tanzania; some seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103792796","grnsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnsun2","avibase-35A2CCDF",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Birds of Western Africa. Collections of L. Fraser, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/416/mode/1up","N[ectarinia] tephrolaemus"],["28458","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthreptes rubritorques","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.181","Banded Green Sunbird","Banded Sunbird","Banded Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, especially forest clearings and edge, in Eastern Arc Mountains of northeastern Tanzania",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717663","bansun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bansun1","avibase-8C506F22",null,null,"Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, Usambara, German East Africa [Tanzania]","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/195/mode/1up","Anthreptes rubritorques"],["28459","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nectarinia hasseltii [Temminck, 1825]; type by original designation = Certhia brasiliana J.F. Gmelin, 1788  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/120/mode/1up","Leptocoma"],["28460","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma zeylonica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.188","Purple-rumped Sunbird","Purple-rumped Sunbird","Purple-rumped Sunbird",null,null,"jungle and shrubby habitats of the Indian Subcontinent from Gujarat and Rajasthan eastward to far southeastern Nepal, Assam, Bangladesh, and westernmost Myanmar southward through southernmost Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717782","pursun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pursun3","avibase-9A13D986",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/192/mode/1up","Certhia zeylonica"],["28461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma zeylonica flaviventris","(Hermann, 1804)","Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"Gujarat and Rajasthan eastward to Bangladesh and far western Myanmar, and southward through Peninsular India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07D12F01",null,null,"Tranquebaria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200985#page/150/mode/1up","Certhia flaviventris"],["28462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma zeylonica zeylonica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A71404B",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/192/mode/1up","Certhia zeylonica"],["28463","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma minima","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.99","Crimson-backed Sunbird","Crimson-backed Sunbird","Crimson-backed Sunbird",null,null,"India (Western Ghats to hills of southern Kerala)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717785","crbsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbsun2","avibase-B5F1B635",null,null,"Ghauts, Dukhun.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/303/mode/1up","Cinnyris minima"],["28464","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma brasiliana","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] Tomus 1 p.474-475","Van Hasselt's Sunbird","Van Hasselt's Sunbird","Maroon-bellied Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, secondary growth, coastal scrub, mangroves, plantations, coconut groves, and gardens, from northeastern Bangladesh and adjacent Assam, northeastern India, and western Myanmar eastward to southern Vietnam, and southward to Sumatra and Borneo and satellite islands, and western Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103795247","vahsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vahsun1","avibase-F1495113",null,null,"Brasilia ; error, emended to Java, by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7) , p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/486/mode/1up","Certhia brasiliana"],["28465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma brasiliana brasiliana","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] Tomus 1 p.474-475",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India and eastern Bangladesh to the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra (and islands off western coast except Simeulue), western Java, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA042A2F",null,null,"Brasilia ; error, emended to Java, by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7) , p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/486/mode/1up","Certhia brasiliana"],["28466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma brasiliana emmae","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Cambodia to southern Laos and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-523F61E4",null,null,"Island of Phu-Quoc, coast of Cochin-China.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/175/mode/1up","Leptocoma braziliana emmae"],["28467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma brasiliana mecynorhyncha","(Oberholser, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Simeulue (west of Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE2470CD",null,null,"Simalur Island.","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/137/mode/1up","Cinnyris brasiliana mecynorhyncha"],["28468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma brasiliana eumecis","(Oberholser, 1917)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 98 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Anambas Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4F2839C",null,null,"Pulo Siantan, Anamba Islands.","The Birds of the Anamba Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32592#page/79/mode/1up","Cinnyris brasiliana eumecis"],["28469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma brasiliana axantha","(Oberholser, 1932)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 159 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands (South China Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80DB642E",null,null,"Pulo Midei, Natuna Islands.","The Birds of the Natuna Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33309#page/124/mode/1up","Cinnyris brasiliana axantha"],["28470","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma sperata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186","Purple-throated Sunbird","Purple-throated Sunbird",null,"2025-0860","Taxon <em>juliae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Leptocoma sperata</em> based on available evidence. Although differences in underparts color are marked, vocal and genetic evidence is lacking, and reports of a narrow hybrid zone require investigation; further research needed.","Philippines, from Calayan southward to Palawan and Sulu Archipelago",null,null,null,"putsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/putsun3","avibase-8129C413",null,null,"Philippine Islands ; restricted to Manila by Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 255.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia sperata"],["28471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma sperata henkei","(Meyer, 1884)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 3 Heft p.207-208, pl. VII",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon and adjacent islets)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FA1C6CA",null,null,"East Indies, probably in the North Celebes-North Borneo-Philippine area; restricted to northern Luzon by Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 255.","Über neue und ungenügend bekannte Vögel im Königl. Zoologischen Museum zu Dresden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127788#page/217/mode/1up","Cinnyris henkei"],["28472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma sperata sperata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (central and southern Luzon, Polillo, and Catanduanes; intergrades with henkei in central Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C93FCB7F",null,null,"Philippine Islands ; restricted to Manila by Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 255.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia sperata"],["28473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma sperata trochilus","(Salomonsen, 1953)","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"central to southern Philippines (Mindoro eastward to Samar, southward to Palawan and eastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEF4D4E5",null,null,"Talacogon, Agusan Province, eastern Mindanao.","Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds",null,"Cinnyris sperata trochilus"],["28474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma sperata juliae","(Tweeddale, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.547",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (central and western Mindanao, Basilan, and Sulu Archipelago; intergrades with trochilus in central Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9A975C7",null,null,"Malanipa Island, Basilan Straits (op. cit., p. 536).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/221/mode/1up","Nectarophila juliae"],["28475","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.7 pl.30 fig.4;15, p.676","Black Sunbird","Black Sunbird","Black Sunbird",null,null,"forest and scrub habitats, including mangroves, in Sulawesi region (including Sangihe and Talaud islands), eastward through Moluccas to New Guinea and associated islands, and Bismarck Archipelago",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717791","blksun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blksun1","avibase-16EBA05A",null,null,"around harbor of Dorey, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/71/mode/1up","Cinnyris aspasia"],["28476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia talautensis","(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.3 p.244-245",null,null,null,null,null,"Talaud Islands (Karakelong, Salebabu, Kabruang, and Sara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84BAC2A9",null,null,"Talaut Islands (Kabruang and Salibabu).","Ueber eine erste Sammlung von Vögeln von den Talaut Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/254/mode/1up","Hermotimia talautensis"],["28477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia sangirensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"Sangihe, Siau, and Ruang islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E99E76D",null,null,"Sangi Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/140/mode/1up","Chalcostetha sangirensis"],["28478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia grayi","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi, including Bangka, Lembeh, Manadotua, and Bangka islands (off northeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-809F0411",null,null,"Menado.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/563/mode/1up","Nectarinia grayi"],["28479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia porphyrolaema","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Sulawesi, including Togian islands (off east) and Muna, Labuan, Blanda, and Buton (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53BA9979",null,null,"Macassar.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/563/mode/1up","Nectarinia porphyrolaema"],["28480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia auriceps","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and northern and central Moluccas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5009A2A3",null,null,"Batchian [= Bat j an] and Ternate.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/446/mode/1up","Nectarinia auriceps"],["28481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia auricapilla","(Mees, 1965)","Ardea 53 p.50, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Kayoa (off western Halmahera)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2896BBBB",null,null,"Kajoa Island.","Revision of Nectarinia sericea (Lesson).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1479","Nectarinia sericea auricapilla"],["28482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia aspasioides","(Gray, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.3 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Nusa Laut, and Watubela), and Aru Islands (off southwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DBA8ECD",null,null,"Amboyna.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace at the Molucca Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, etc..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/446/mode/1up","Nectarinia aspasioides"],["28483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia proserpina","(Wallace, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru (west-central Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E87550EF",null,null,"Bouru.","List of Birds collected in the Island of Bouru (one of the Moluccas), with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/66/mode/1up","Nectarinia proserpina"],["28484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia chlorolaema","(Salvadori, 1874)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.6 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66C54440",null,null,"Isole Kei.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40858#page/91/mode/1up","Chalcostetha chlorolaema"],["28485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia mariae","(Ripley, 1959)","Postilla 38 p.13-14",null,null,null,null,null,"Kofiau (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-518419EB",null,null,"Kofiau Island, Netherlands New Guinea.","Comments on birds from the Western Papuan Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/381/mode/1up","Nectarinia sericea mariae"],["28486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia cochrani","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1932)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Waigeo and Misool (Raja Ampat Islands, off western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DC0A6C8",null,null,"Waigeu.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-1932. I. Zur Ornithologie der Insel Waigeu.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0013-0018.pdf#page=3","Cinnyris sericeus cochrani"],["28487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia aspasia","(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 livr.7 pl.30 fig.4;15, p.676",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea including Yapen and other northern satellites",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DBB171C",null,null,"around harbor of Dorey, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119447#page/71/mode/1up","Cinnyris aspasia"],["28488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia maforensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Numfor (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBADB2CF",null,null,"Mafoor [Numfor] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/139/mode/1up","Chalcostetha aspasia var. maforensis"],["28489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia nigriscapularis","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.937",null,null,null,null,null,"Mios Num and Rani islands (south of Biak, Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66764BC2",null,null,"Miosnom [Meos Num] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/943/mode/1up","Hermotimia nigriscapularis"],["28490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia mysorensis","(Meyer, 1874)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.124",null,null,null,null,null,"Biak (Cenderawasih Bay, off northwestern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FABD12C3",null,null,"Misori [Biak] Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35269#page/140/mode/1up","Chalcostetha aspasia var. mysorensis"],["28491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia veronica","(Mees, 1965)","Ardea 53 p.46, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Liki Island (off northern coast of western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B1098C7",null,null,"Liki, Koemamba Islands.","Revision of Nectarinia sericea (Lesson).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1479","Nectarinia sericea veronica"],["28492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia cornelia","(Salvadori, 1878)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 13, 1878 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"Tarawai Island (northern New Guinea off mouth of Sepik River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40B4CB3D",null,null,"Tarawai Island.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=KHBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA319","Hermotimia cornelia"],["28493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia christianae","(Tristram, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.4 p.555",null,null,null,null,null,"D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade archipelagos (off southeastern New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7138039",null,null,"St. Aignan's [= Misima] Island.","On a small Collection of Birds from the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/585/mode/1up","Cinnyris christianae"],["28494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia caeruleogula","(Mees, 1965)","Ardea 53 p.43, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain and associated islands, including Umboi, Sakar, Bali, and Watom (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00AE017F",null,null,"Kinigunan, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.","Revision of Nectarinia sericea (Lesson).","https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_show_article.php?nr=1479","Nectarinia sericea caeruleogula"],["28495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia corinna","(Salvadori, 1878)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 13, 1878 p.532",null,null,null,null,null,"New Hanover and New Ireland and satellite islands southward to Lihir (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E445DAA",null,null,"Duke of York Island.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=KHBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA532","Hermotimia corinna"],["28496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma aspasia eichhorni","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1926)","Novitates Zoologicae 33, no.1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Feni Island (eastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33D90859",null,null,"Feni Island.","On the Birds of Feni and Nissan Islands, east of south New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/61/mode/1up","Cinnyris sericeus eichhorni"],["28497","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Leptocoma calcostetha","(Jardine, 1843)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, vol.XIII p.263","Copper-throated Sunbird","Copper-throated Sunbird","Copper-throated Sunbird",null,null,"mangroves and coastal scrub of southeastern Asia, Palawan, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717794","cotsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cotsun2","avibase-ECF86816",null,null,"'E. Ind. Islands?'; restricted to Java, by Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 229.","The natural history of the Nectariniadae or Sun-Birds","https://books.google.ca/books?id=gStOTCP4E_gC&pg=PA263#v=onepage&q&f=false","Nectarinia calcostetha"],["28498","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia siparaja [Raffles, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 19).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/119/mode/1up","Aethopyga"],["28499","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga duyvenbodei","(Schlegel, 1871)","Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 4 p.14","Elegant Sunbird","Elegant Sunbird","Elegant Sunbird",null,null,"Sangihe and Siau islands (off northern Sulawesi)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718068","elesun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elesun1","avibase-E7057C1D",null,null,"Sanghir Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193078#page/26/mode/1up","Nectarinia duyvenbodei"],["28500","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga ignicauda","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.273","Fire-tailed Sunbird","Fire-tailed Sunbird","Fire-tailed Sunbird",null,null,"Himalayas (eastern Himachal Pradesh) eastward to southwestern China and northern and southwestern Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718100","fitsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fitsun1","avibase-FCD9D132",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/287/mode/1up","Cinnyris ignicauda"],["28501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga ignicauda ignicauda","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northeastern India (from eastern Himachal Pradesh eastward in Himalayas to Arunachal Pradesh, also Meghalaya eastward to Nagaland and southward to Manipur and Chittagongs), Nepal, Bhutan, southern China (southern Tibet, and western Sichuan southward to central Yunnan) and northern Myanmar; rare non-breeding visitor to eastern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EB25F0C",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/287/mode/1up","Cinnyris ignicauda"],["28502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga ignicauda flavescens","Stuart Baker, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Lushai Hills, in eastern Mizoram) and adjacent western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59A0D4AB",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Sunbirds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/101/mode/1up","Aethopyga ignicauda flavescens"],["28503","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.273","Black-throated Sunbird","Black-throated Sunbird","Black-throated Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, secondary growth, wooded ravines, and gardens, from northern India from Uttarakhand eastward through Himalayas to southeastern China, and southward through southeastern Asia to Malayan Peninsula; some downslope dispersal post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718090","bltsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltsun1","avibase-E1067234",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/287/mode/1up","Cinnyris saturata"],["28504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata saturata","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Garhwal to Bhutan and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-760D6A60",null,null,"Nepal.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/287/mode/1up","Cinnyris saturata"],["28505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata assamensis","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangladesh to Assam, northern Myanmar, and southwestern China (western Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-755DB272",null,null,"Assam. restricted to neighborhood of Sadiya, Sadiya Frontier Tract, Assam, India, by Deignan, 1948, Journ, Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 22.","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/697/mode/1up","Cinnyris assamensis"],["28506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata galenae","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4F0779B",null,null,"Doi Langka (Khao Pha Cho), lat. 19° 00' N., long. 99° 25' E., northern Siam.","The races of the Black-throated Sunbird, Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/32/mode/1up","Aethopyga saturata galenae"],["28507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata petersi","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.1 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Myanmar to northern Thailand, Laos, northern Vietnam, and southeastern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10B0D397",null,null,"Pakha, lat. 22° 32' N., long. 104° 18' E., Laokay, Tonkin.","The races of the Black-throated Sunbird, Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/32/mode/1up","Aethopyga saturata petersi"],["28508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata sanguinipectus","Walden, 1875","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.15, no.90 p.400-401",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of southeastern Myanmar (Karenni and northern Tenasserim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CBDF0A6",null,null,"Tonghoo hills (Karenhee) , 3,000 ft. ; corrected to 'the Tonghoo and Karennee hills' by Ramsay, 1881, in Ornithological Works of Arthur, Ninth Marquis of Tweeddale, p. 414.","L. Descriptions of some undescribed species of Birds discovered by Lieutenant Wardlaw Ramsay in Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53338#page/414/mode/1up","Aethopygia sanguinipectus"],["28509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata anomala","Richmond, 1900","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1201 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"hills of southern peninsular Thailand (Phatthalung and Trang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7253B066",null,null,"Khao Sung, lat. 7° 32' N., long. 99° 50' E., 2,500 ft., peninsular Siam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/369/mode/1up","Aethopyga anomala"],["28510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata wrayi","Sharpe, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.3 p.440-441, pl. XXXVIII, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula (south of Trang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19A71B8C",null,null,"Larut Range, 4,400 ft., Perak state, Malaya.","On a Second Collection of Birds formed by Mr. L. Wray in the Mountains of Perak, Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/550/mode/1up","Aethopyga wrayi"],["28511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata ochra","Deignan, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau) and central Vietnam (Dakto)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E02F39C",null,null,"Thateng, lat. 15° 31' N. and long. 106° 22' E., Saravane Province, Bas-Laos.","The races of the Black-throated Sunbird, Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/33/mode/1up","Aethopyga saturata ochra"],["28512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata johnsi","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.621, pl. XVIII, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Langbian Plateau (southern Vietnam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F454335A",null,null,"Dran, Haut-Donnai, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/733/mode/1up","Aethopyga sanguinipectus johnsi"],["28513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga saturata cambodiana","Delacour, 1948","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 38, no.5 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Cambodia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59D31DAB",null,null,"Bokor, Cambodia.","Note on the races of the Black-throated Sunbird, Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122712#page/212/mode/1up","Aethopyga saturata cambodiana"],["28514","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga gouldiae","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.44","Mrs. Gould's Sunbird","Mrs. Gould's Sunbird","Gould's Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to montane coniferous and oak forest, ridgetop forest, and rhododendron scrub, in northern India from Himachal Pradesh eastward through the Himalayas to far southeastern Tibet and central China, and southward to southeastern Myanmar and southern Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter extends to northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718077","gousun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gousun1","avibase-6A4A67F7",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/58/mode/1up","Cinnyris Gouldiae"],["28515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga gouldiae gouldiae","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Sutlej Valley to Arunachal Pradesh and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2D7958C",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/58/mode/1up","Cinnyris Gouldiae"],["28516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga gouldiae isolata","Stuart Baker, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Assam to Bangladesh and western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE8379E8",null,null,"Manipur.","Descriptions of new races of Sun-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/47/mode/1up","Aethopyga gouldiae isolata"],["28517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga gouldiae dabryii","(Verreaux, 1867)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.19 p.173-174, pl. 15",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Xinjiang to Sichuan and Yunnan) to Myanmar and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B049CA48",null,null,"'le nord de la Chine' ; error = Tatsienlu (now Kangting), eastern Sikang, cf. Deignan, 1944, Auk, p. 133.","Catalogue d'Oiseaux récoltés par Mgr. Perny, évêque du Su-tchuen, dans le nord de la Chine, et description de deux espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20645#page/179/mode/1up","Nectarinia dabryii"],["28518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga gouldiae annamensis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.621-622, pl. XVIII, fig. 2, 3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau) and southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2561B2BF",null,null,"Langbian Peaks, 6,500 feet, southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/733/mode/1up","Aethopyga gouldiae annamensis"],["28519","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.273","Green-tailed Sunbird","Green-tailed Sunbird","Green-tailed Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, flowering trees in woodland, rhododendron scrub, secondary growth, and gardens, in northern India from Himachal Pradesh eastward through the Himalayas to southern China, and southward patchily to northwestern and southern peninsular Thailand and southern Vietnam; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718081","grtsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtsun1","avibase-02BA43E4",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to Chandragiri Pass, central Nepal, by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 588.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/287/mode/1up","Cinnyris nipalensis"],["28520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis horsfieldi","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.975-976",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Garhwal to western Nepal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F195D7B",null,null,"Himalayas [= Mussoorie, whence came the type, vide Shelley, 1878, Monog. Nectariniidae, p. 33].","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/491/mode/1up","Cinnyris horsfieldi"],["28521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"western Nepal to northeastern India (Darjeeling) and Sikkim",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21FBE75E",null,null,"Nepal ; restricted to Chandragiri Pass, central Nepal, by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 588.","Description of sundry new species of Cinnyris inhabiting Nepal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218190#page/287/mode/1up","Cinnyris nipalensis"],["28522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis koelzi","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Bhutan to northeastern Myanmar, southwestern China, and northwestern Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A4F6E0D",null,null,"Dening-Dreyi trail, Mishmi Hills, northeastern Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/294/mode/1up","Aethopyga nipalensis koelzi"],["28523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis victoriae","Rippon, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"western Myanmar (Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6B05FA6",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.","On new species of birds from the Southern Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/571/mode/1up","Aethopyga victoriae"],["28524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis karenensis","Ticehurst, 1939","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.4 p.755",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar (Karen Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-027E3A9A",null,null,"Nattaung, 8,000 ft., Karenni, Burma.","Systematic Notes on Indian Birds, IV.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb07201.x","Aethopyga nipalensis karenensis"],["28525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis angkanensis","Riley, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.15 p.162-163",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of northwestern Thailand (Doi Inthanon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3015BCE4",null,null,"Doi Angka, 8,400 ft., Siam [= Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand] .","Descriptions of four new Birds from the mountains of Northern Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/188/mode/1up","Aethopyga nipalensis angkanensis"],["28526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis australis","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of southern peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56CDB1E7",null,null,"Khao Luang, 5,000-5,800 ft., Nakon Sri Tamarat, peninsular Siam.","Description of a new subspecies of Sunbird from Peninsular Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/42/mode/1up","Aethopyga nipalensis australis"],["28527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis blanci","Delacour & Greenway, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AB85C90",null,null,"Phu-Kobo, 2,000 m., near Xieng-Khouang, Laos.","Seven new Races from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/163/mode/1up","Aethopyga ezrai blanci"],["28528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga nipalensis ezrai","Delacour, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-396D9E61",null,null,"Dakto, 1,500 m., Annam.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/55/mode/1up","Aethopyga ezrai"],["28529","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga shelleyi","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.297","Lovely Sunbird","Lovely Sunbird","Lovely Sunbird",null,null,"southern Philippines (Balabac, Busuanga, Culion, and Palawan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734230","lovsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lovsun1","avibase-D477F7AD",null,null,"Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/317/mode/1up","Aethopyga shelleyi"],["28530","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga temminckii","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. pt6,7or8 p.173,note","Temminck's Sunbird","Temminck's Sunbird","Temminck's Sunbird",null,null,"far southwestern Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804369","temsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temsun1","avibase-F89D732E",null,null,"Mount Singalang, 1,600 ft., lat. 0° 24' S., long. 100° 20' E., Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/189/mode/1up","Nectarinia temminckii"],["28531","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga mystacalis","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.21, vol.4 pl.126","Javan Sunbird","Javan Sunbird","Javan Sunbird",null,null,"submontane forest and edge of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804351","scasun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scasun1","avibase-90026E92",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/204/mode/1up","Nectarinia mystacalis"],["28532","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga vigorsii","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.98,99","Vigors's Sunbird","Vigors's Sunbird","Sahyadri Sunbird",null,null,"northwestern Maharashtra (western Satpuras) and Western Ghats (from Narmada River southward at least to Goa area), in western India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804493","wecsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wecsun1","avibase-88A56D18",null,null,"Ghauts, Dukhun.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/302/mode/1up","Cinnyris vigorsii"],["28533","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.299","Crimson Sunbird","Crimson Sunbird","Crimson Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, secondary growth with flowering trees, coastal scrub, coconut groves, plantations, and gardens, from Kashmir eastward through the Himalayas to southeastern China, and southward to eastern India, Nicobar Islands, Greater Sundas and satellite islands, and Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804411","eacsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eacsun1","avibase-EC22F3AA",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/331/mode/1up","Certhia siparaja"],["28534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja seheriae","(Tickell, 1833)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2, no.23 p.577",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Pakistan to Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar, southwestern China, and northwestern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5167C698",null,null,"near Seheria in Borabhum.","List of Birds collected in the Jungles of Borabhúm and Dholbhúm.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114381#page/635/mode/1up","Nectarinia seheriae"],["28535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja labecula","(Horsfield, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas (Bhutan to Arundal Pradesh, Assam, and Bangladesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D15AE672",null,null,"No locality in description. Restricted to Assam by Horsfield & Moore 1856: 732 (ref. Praveen 2025)","Communication to the Society of Mr. McClelland's List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/697/mode/1up","Cinnyris labecula"],["28536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja owstoni","Rothschild, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Naozhou Island, southern Guangdong)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-122FC85A",null,null,"Nauchau Island, off Kwangtung Peninsula, southern China.","Exhibition of a new subspecies of Sunbird from S. China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/300/mode/1up","Aethopyga seheriae owstoni"],["28537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja tonkinensis","Hartert, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 38 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southeastern Yunnan) and northeastern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8DEA35C",null,null,"Yen-bai [= Yenbay] , Tonkin.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/33/mode/1up","Aethopyga seheriae tonkinensis"],["28538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja mangini","Delacour & Jabouille, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand to central and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07BB97DB",null,null,"Laobao, Quangtri, Annam.","Descriptions of twelve new species and subspecies from French Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/62/mode/1up","Aethopyga siparaja mangini"],["28539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja insularis","Delacour & Jabouille, 1928","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"Phu Quoc Island (off far southern Cambodia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED5C5454",null,null,"Phu-Quoc Island, Cochin China.","Exhibition and description of twenty-one new forms from Indo-China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/174/mode/1up","Aethopyga siparaja insularis"],["28540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja cara","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.473,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar, Thailand, and Mergui Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57CADB40",null,null,"south of Moulmein, Tenasserim.","A first List of the Birds of the Tenasserim Provinces.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/497/mode/1up","Aethopyga cara"],["28541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja trangensis","Meyer de Schauensee, 1946","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 98 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand, northern Malayan Peninsula, and adjacent Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81AB781A",null,null,"Khao Bhanom Bencha, 3,500 ft., Trang, Siam.","On Siamese birds.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064390","Aethopyga siparaja trangensis"],["28542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja siparaja","(Raffles, 1822)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.2 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent offshore islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04CEFC6B",null,null,"Sumatra.","XVIII. Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection made in the Island of Sumatra and its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/331/mode/1up","Certhia siparaja"],["28543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja nicobarica","Hume, 1873","Stray Feathers 1, no.5 p.412-415",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C464BA86",null,null,"Kondul and Meroe Islands, Nicobar Island.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/440/mode/1up","Aethopyga nicobarica"],["28544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja heliogona","Oberholser, 1923","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 13, no.11 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC50748D",null,null,"Depok, Java.","Descriptions of new East Indian Nectariniidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45083#page/240/mode/1up","Aethopyga siparaja heliogona"],["28545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja natunae","Chasen, 1935","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"North Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8373A49D",null,null,"Sadanau [= Bunguran] Island, North Natuna Islands.","Nine new races of Natuna Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328589/em-nine-new-races-of-natuna-birds-em","Aethopyga siparaja natunae"],["28546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja flavostriata","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.478-479, pl. XXIX, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C97CDD79",null,null,"Menado, Celebes.","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/562/mode/1up","Nectarinia flavo-striata"],["28547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga siparaja beccarii","Salvadori, 1875","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.7 p.659",null,null,null,null,null,"central, southeastern, and southern Sulawesi, including Buton, Muna and Kabaena islands (off southeast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB1E1885",null,null,"Kendari, Celebes",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107646#page/665/mode/1up","Aethopyga beccarii"],["28548","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga magnifica","Sharpe, 1878","Nature 45 p.297","Magnificent Sunbird","Magnificent Sunbird","Magnificent Sunbird",null,null,"Cebu, Negros, Panay, Sibuyan, and Tablas (west-central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103810377","magsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magsun1","avibase-A4D54F5C",null,null,"Negros.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/317/mode/1up","Aethopyga magnifica"],["28549","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga christinae","Swinhoe, 1869","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.24 p.436","Fork-tailed Sunbird","Fork-tailed Sunbird",null,"2025-0864","Taxon <em>latouchii </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Aethopyga christinae</em> based on available evidence. Sometimes split based on differences in male plumage, but vocal and genetic evidence is lacking; further research needed.","humid forest and borders in central to southeastern China (eastern Sichuan eastward to Fujian, southward to Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan), central Laos, and northern and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,"fotsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fotsun1","avibase-828EAC60",null,null,"Hainan.","LII. Descriptions of two new Species of Sun-birds from the Island of Hainan, South China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/450/mode/1up","Aethopyga christinae"],["28550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga christinae latouchii","Slater, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.43-44, pl. I",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (eastern Sichuan, southern Hunan, Guandong, and Fujian) to northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03A7A1F7",null,null,"Chiong P6, in hills west of Swatow.","On some Birds from South-eastern China, with Descriptions of two new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/75/mode/1up","Aethopyga latouchii"],["28551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga christinae sokolovi","Stepanyan, 1985","Ornitologiya 20 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41DAE80E",null,null,"area of Con Hanung village, 75 km north of An Khe city, Thai Nguyen Plateau, South Vietnam, L. S. Stepanyan 5 April 1981","Aethopyga christinae sokolovi Stepanyan ssp. n. (Nectariniidae, Aves) from southern Vietnam.",null,"Aethopyga christinae sokolovi"],["28552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga christinae christinae","Swinhoe, 1869","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.24 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B909DE5",null,null,"Hainan.","LII. Descriptions of two new Species of Sun-birds from the Island of Hainan, South China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/450/mode/1up","Aethopyga christinae"],["28553","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga bella","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.537","Handsome Sunbird","Handsome Sunbird","Handsome Sunbird",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732130","hansun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hansun1","avibase-6E012370",null,null,"Surigao, northern Mindanao.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/551/mode/1up","Aethopyga bella"],["28554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga bella flavipectus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F8DAD29",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/147/mode/1up","Aethopyga flavipectus"],["28555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga bella minuta","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 no.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (central Luzon, Mindoro, Polillo, and Marinduque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1948C194",null,null,"Mindoro, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/22/mode/1up","Aethopyga minuta"],["28556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga bella rubrinota","McGregor, 1905","Bureau of Government Laboratories 25 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Lubang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58C9BB78",null,null,"Port Tilig, Lubang Island, Philippines","I. Birds from the islands of Romblon, Sibuyan and Crista de Gallo II. Further notes on birds from Ticao, Cuyo, Culion, Calayan, Lubang and Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120001#page/38/mode/1up","Aethopyga rubrinota"],["28557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga bella bella","Tweeddale, 1877","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.120 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and southern Philippines (Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao, and Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F967F72",null,null,"Surigao, northern Mindanao.","LXVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/551/mode/1up","Aethopyga bella"],["28558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga bella bonita","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Philippines (Ticao, Masbate, Panay, Negros, and Cebu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCDE35EA",null,null,"Negros, Cebu, Masbate.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/21/mode/1up","Aethopyga bonita"],["28559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga bella arolasi","Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Occasional Papers of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 1 (1), (December 8) p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09D8126A",null,null,"Tawi Tawi and Sulu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69214#page/21/mode/1up","Aethopyga arolasi"],["28560","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga eximia","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.168","White-flanked Sunbird","White-flanked Sunbird","White-flanked Sunbird",null,null,"montane forest and scrub of Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718084","whfsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfsun1","avibase-792ED873",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/187/mode/1up","Nectarinia eximia"],["28561","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga flagrans","Oustalet, 1876","L'institut Journal des Academies et Sociétés Scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger p.108","Flaming Sunbird","Flaming Sunbird","Flaming Sunbird",null,null,"Luzon and Catanduanes (northern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103805010","flasun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flasun1","avibase-3D2D7373",null,null,"Lagune, Luzon.",null,null,"Aethopyga flagrans"],["28562","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga guimarasensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.22","Maroon-naped Sunbird","Maroon-naped Sunbird","Maroon-naped Sunbird",null,null,"West Visayas (west-central Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103809131","mansun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mansun1","avibase-3C217384",null,null,"Guimaras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/26/mode/1up","Cinnyris guimarasensis"],["28563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga guimarasensis guimarasensis","(Steere, 1890)","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Panay and Guimaras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1433E15E",null,null,"Guimaras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/26/mode/1up","Cinnyris guimarasensis"],["28564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga guimarasensis daphoenonota","Parkes, 1963","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 83, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Negros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C153707",null,null,"Luzuriaga, 4,500 ft. Cuernos de Negros, Negros Oriental, Negros, Philippines.","The races of the Flaming Sunbird (Aethopyga flagrans).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126838#page/30/mode/1up","Aethopyga flagrans daphoenonota"],["28565","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga pulcherrima","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.297","Metallic-winged Sunbird","Metallic-winged Sunbird","Metallic-winged Sunbird","2025-0863","Taxa <em>jeffreyi </em>and <em>decorosa </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Aethopyga pulcherrima</em> pending further research. Sometimes treated as separate species based on mitochondrial DNA divergences, supplemented by nuclear DNA differences (Hosner et al. 2013), plumage differences are minor, and vocal differences are not readily apparent; further research needed to determine species limits in this complex.","Luzon, Bohol, East Visayas, and Mindanao group (northern, eastern, and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718065","mewsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mewsun3","avibase-4DE9F942",null,null,"Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/317/mode/1up","Aethopyga pulcherrima"],["28566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga pulcherrima pulcherrima","Sharpe, 1876","Nature 14 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"Biliran, Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao, and Basilan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECDC0D64",null,null,"Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61592#page/317/mode/1up","Aethopyga pulcherrima"],["28567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga pulcherrima jefferyi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EB01CC1",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Eudrepanis jefferyi"],["28568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga pulcherrima decorosa","(McGregor, 1907)","The Philippine Journal of Science 2, sect.A p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Bohol)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E3B8A6",null,null,"Guindulman, Bohol Island.","The birds of Bohol.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108177#page/444/mode/1up","Eudrepanis decorosa"],["28569","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga linaraborae","Kennedy, Gonzales & Miranda, 1997","The Auk 114, no.1 p.3-7","Lina's Sunbird","Lina's Sunbird","Lina's Sunbird",null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of eastern Mindanao)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724518","linsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linsun1","avibase-5D34F362",null,null,"22 May 1994 at an elevation of 1,200 m (ca. 7 52'N, 126 12'E), 2.2 km north and 1.0 km east of the peak (1,409 m) of Mr. Pasian in the Simulaw River Drainage, Municipality of Monkayo, Davao del Norte Province, Mindanao, Philippines","New Aethopyga Sunbirds (Aves: Nectariniidae) from the Island of Mindanao, Philippines","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol114/iss1/1/","Aethopyga linaraborae"],["28570","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga primigenia","(Hachisuka, 1941)","Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 11 p.6 {note: ? Mayr shows, p.2}","Grey-hooded Sunbird","Gray-hooded Sunbird","Grey-hooded Sunbird",null,null,"montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718048","gyhsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhsun2","avibase-C5403451",null,null,"Galog, 4,000 feet, Mt. Apo, Mindanao.","Description of a new genus and species of Sunbird from the Philippine Islands.",null,"Philippinia primigenius"],["28571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga primigenia diuatae","Salomonsen, 1953","Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 115 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mount Hilong Hilong, northeastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED6FCB8B",null,null,"Mt. Hilong-Hilong, 1,350 m., Diuata Mountains, Agusan, Mindanao.",null,null,"Aethopyga primigenius diuatae"],["28572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga primigenia primigenia","(Hachisuka, 1941)","Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 11 p.6 {note: ? Mayr shows, p.2}",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of central and eastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF772BCC",null,null,"Galog, 4,000 feet, Mt. Apo, Mindanao.","Description of a new genus and species of Sunbird from the Philippine Islands.",null,"Philippinia primigenius"],["28573","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga boltoni","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.4","Apo Sunbird","Apo Sunbird",null,"2025-0862","Taxon <em>tibolii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Aethopyga boltoni</em> based on vocal differences and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Hosner et al. 2013), supplemented by modest plumage differences. However, a more comprehensive vocal, phenotypic and genomic analysis is needed to affirm this split.","southern Philippines (mountains of western and eastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,"moasun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moasun1","avibase-14CD28B5",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 6,250 ft., Mindanao.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/22/mode/1up","Aethopyga boltoni"],["28574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga boltoni malindangensis","Rand & Rabor, 1957","Fieldiana Zoology 42, no.2 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of Mount Malindang on western Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2293BA8E",null,null,"Gandawan, 4,500-5,500 ft., Mt. Malindang.","New birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20886#page/11/mode/1up","Aethopyga boltoni malindangensis"],["28575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga boltoni boltoni","Mearns, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (montane forest of eastern Mindanao)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6AA50A0",null,null,"Mt. Apo, 6,250 ft., Mindanao.","Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species of Philippine birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/22/mode/1up","Aethopyga boltoni"],["28576","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Aethopyga tibolii","Kennedy, Gonzales & Miranda, 1997","The Auk 114, no.1 p.7","Tboli Sunbird","Tboli Sunbird",null,"2025-0862","Taxon <em>tibolii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Aethopyga boltoni</em> based on vocal differences and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Hosner et al. 2013), supplemented by modest plumage differences. However, a more comprehensive vocal, phenotypic and genomic analysis is needed to affirm this split.","southern Philippines (mountains of southern Mindanao)",null,null,null,"tbosun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tbosun1","avibase-EC546F78",null,null,"5 April 1993 at an elevation of 1,321 m (ca. 6 05'N, 124 41'E), 3.1 km south and 1.0 km east of the peak (2,064 m) of Mr. Busa in the PangeRiver Drainage,Municipality of Kiamba, Sarangani Province, Mindanao, Philippines","New Aethopyga sunbirds (Aves: Nectariniidae) from the island of Mindanao, Philippines.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol114/iss1/1/","Aethopyga boltoni tibolii"],["28577","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cinnyris platurus [Vieillot, 1819]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/117/mode/1up","Hedydipna"],["28578","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.502","Collared Sunbird","Collared Sunbird","Collared Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, woodland, savanna, and gardens, from Senegambia eastward through Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to Ethiopia and southern Somalia, southward through Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, to northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, southern Mozambique, and eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717668","colsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colsun2","avibase-1611F295",null,null,"Gamtoos [Cape Province] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/522/mode/1up","Cinnyris collaris"],["28579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris subcollaris","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southern Nigeria (Niger River delta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BEC8371",null,null,"Senegal, error ; Portuguese Guinea designated by Bannerman, 1948, Birds Trop. West Africa, 6, p. 236.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/126/mode/1up","Nectarinia subcollaris"],["28580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris hypodila","(Jardine & Fraser, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.153-154",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55CD6A7A",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Birds of Western Africa. Collections of L. Fraser, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/415/mode/1up","N[ectarinia] hypodilus"],["28581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris somereni","(Chapin, 1949)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69, no.9 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria southward to northwestern Angola and eastward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFD579EE",null,null,"Anda, Lake Azingo, Gaboon.","A New Race of the Collared Sunbird from Lower Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/109/mode/1up","Anthreptes collaris somereni"],["28582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris djamdjamensis","(Benson, 1942)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 63 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ethiopia (Alghe and Sagan river area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A297B2E8",null,null,"Alghe, southern Abyssinia.","A new Species and Ten new Races from Southern Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125660#page/40/mode/1up","Anthreptes collaris djamdjamensis"],["28583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris garguensis","(Mearns, 1915)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48, no.2076 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, far southwestern Ethiopia, eastern and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, western Tanzania, eastern Angola, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8778D307",null,null,"Mt. Gargues, 7,100 ft., northern Kenya.","Descriptions of new African birds of the genera Francolinus, Chalcopelia, Cinnyris, Chalcomitra, Anthreptes, Estrilda, Halcyon, Melittophagus and Colius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110977#page/455/mode/1up","Anthreptes collaris garguensis"],["28584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris elachior","(Mearns, 1910)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.14 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania, Manda Island, Zanzibar, and Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3194D4BD",null,null,"Changamwe, near Mombasa.","Description of ten new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/375/mode/1up","Anthreptes collaris elachior"],["28585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris zambesiana","(Shelley, 1876)","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds p.343, pl. 111",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Tanzania, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-070E79C6",null,null,"Shupanga, in the Zambesi [Shire River, southern Nyasaland].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/675/mode/1up","Anthodiaeta zambesiana"],["28586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris zuluensis","(Roberts, 1931)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14, pt.3 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern KwaZulu-Natal to southern Mozambique and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8370A736",null,null,"Mkuzi River, east of Ubombo, northern Zululand.","Some new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_638","Anthodiaeta collaris zuluensis"],["28587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna collaris collaris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"southern KwaZulu-Natal, western Eswatini, and eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-079121FC",null,null,"Gamtoos [Cape Province] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/522/mode/1up","Cinnyris collaris"],["28588","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna platura","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.501","Pygmy Sunbird","Pygmy Sunbird","Pygmy Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid acacia woodland, thornscrub, and savanna woodland, from Senegambia and southern Mauritania eastward through Sahel to southwestern Sudan and far western Ethiopia, and southward to northern Ghana, northern Cameroon, and northern Uganda; dry-season southern breeders move northward to Sahel in wet season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717672","pygsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygsun2","avibase-B0E7740F",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/521/mode/1up","Cinnyris platurus"],["28589","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna metallica","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.15","Nile Valley Sunbird","Nile Valley Sunbird","Nile Valley Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane arid scrub, and gardens, from central Egypt southward to northeastern South Sudan, and eastward to southwestern Arabian Peninsula; post-breeding dispersal to lower Nile Valley (northern Egypt), Ethiopia, and Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717676","nivsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nivsun2","avibase-8333D907",null,null,"Dongolam Nubiae (Dongola, Sudan).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/35/mode/1up","Nectarinia metallica"],["28590","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Hedydipna pallidigaster","(Sclater & Moreau, 1935)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 56 p.17","Amani Sunbird","Amani Sunbird","Amani Sunbird",null,null,"disjunctly and local in lowland to submontane forest, forest edge, wooded farmbush, and open miombo woodland in coastal southeastern Kenya, East Usamabara Mountains (northeastern Tanzania), and Udzungwa Mountains (central Tanzania)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717653","amasun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amasun2","avibase-0B4F3AA2",null,null,"Sigi Valley, 4 miles east of Amani, northeastern Tanganyika Territory.","Account of Mr. R. E. Moreau's recent expedition to the central northern highlands of Tanganyika Territory, and description of one new species and five new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125289#page/51/mode/1up","Anthreptes pallidigaster"],["28591","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anabathmis","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nectarinia reichenbachii [Hartlaub, 1857]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, WL, 1930, Systema Avium Æthiopicarum, p. 707).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/511/mode/1up","Anabathmis"],["28592","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anabathmis reichenbachii","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.50","Reichenbach's Sunbird","Reichenbach's Sunbird","Reichenbach's Sunbird",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland scrub, coastal swamps, forest clearings near water, mangroves, and gardens, from Liberia eastward to southern Ghana, and from southern Nigeria eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, thence southward to far western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717705","reisun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reisun2","avibase-9B953393",null,null,"Gabon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/124/mode/1up","Nectarinia reichenbachii"],["28593","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anabathmis hartlaubii","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.50","Principe Sunbird","Principe Sunbird","Principe Sunbird",null,null,"Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717709","prisun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prisun2","avibase-4834AB04",null,null,"'Angola' [= Principe, see Dohrn, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 326].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/124/mode/1up","Nectarinia hartlaubii"],["28594","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anabathmis newtonii","(Bocage, 1887)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 11 p.250","Newton's Sunbird","Newton's Sunbird","Newton's Sunbird",null,null,"São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717714","newsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/newsun2","avibase-BFA9B759",null,null,"S. Thome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23041#page/268/mode/1up","Cinnyris newtonii"],["28595","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthobaphes","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia violacea [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/119/mode/1up","Anthobaphes"],["28596","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Anthobaphes violacea","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.188","Orange-breasted Sunbird","Orange-breasted Sunbird","Orange-breasted Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill Fynbos; hilly slopes with heaths and proteas, and gardens in southwestern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717695","orbsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbsun2","avibase-02B06535",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/192/mode/1up","Certhia violacea"],["28597","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.291",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia cyanocephala [Shaw, 1812]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 137).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/327/mode/1up","Cyanomitra"],["28598","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra verticalis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.298","Green-headed Sunbird","Green-headed Sunbird","Green-headed Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, wooded savanna, mangroves, and gardens, from Senegal eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kenya, southward to northern Angola, northeastern Zambia, northern Malawi, and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717738","gnhsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnhsun1","avibase-6DE16262",null,null,"Africa ; restricted to Senegal by Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 622.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/320/mode/1up","Certhia verticalis"],["28599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra verticalis verticalis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C800215",null,null,"Africa ; restricted to Senegal by Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 622.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/320/mode/1up","Certhia verticalis"],["28600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra verticalis bohndorffi","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.178 p.214-215",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Central African Republic, northern Angola, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7583B365",null,null,"Leopoldsville, Congo.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem oberen Kongo-Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/226/mode/1up","Cinnyris bohndorffi"],["28601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra verticalis cyanocephala","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4, th.1 p.192, pl.34, fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to mouth of Congo River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31F49950",null,null,"Malimbe Reiche Congo (Malembo, Cabinda, Angola)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/276/mode/1up","Certhia cyanocephala"],["28602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra verticalis viridisplendens","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.54-55",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to central Kenya, southward to northeastern Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDB56E21",null,null,"Bukoba, on Lake Victoria.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/68/mode/1up","Cinnyris viridisplendens"],["28603","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra bannermani","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1943","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 63 p.63","Bannerman's Sunbird","Bannerman's Sunbird","Bannerman's Sunbird",null,null,"patchy lowland to foothill evergreen forest, riverine forest, and miombo woodland, from western and northern Angola eastward to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717742","bansun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bansun3","avibase-ED6CD9D5",null,null,"Kayoyo, southern Belgian Congo.","A new Race of Sunbird from the Southern Belgian Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125660#page/87/mode/1up","Cyanomitra verticalis bannermani"],["28604","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra cyanolaema","(Jardine & Fraser, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.154","Blue-throated Brown Sunbird","Blue-throated Brown Sunbird","Blue-throated Brown Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane woodland, Upper Guinea rainforest, and gallery forest, from Sierra Leone and Guinea eastward through Nigeria, Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and Central Africa Republic to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Uganda, southward to northwestern Angola and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717746","btbsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btbsun2","avibase-36A24C79",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/416/mode/1up","N[ectarinia] cyanolaemus"],["28605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra cyanolaema magnirostrata","(Bates, 1930)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone and Liberia to Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6070E6ED",null,null,"Sandaru, Kono District, Sierra Leone.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/85/mode/1up","Cinnyris cyanolaemus magnirostratus"],["28606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra cyanolaema cyanolaema","(Jardine & Fraser, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49DB9F90",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/416/mode/1up","N[ectarinia] cyanolaemus"],["28607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra cyanolaema octaviae","Amadon, 1953","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 100, art.3 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria and Cameroon to Angola and eastern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBCCA445",null,null,"Efulen, Cameroons.","Avian systematics and evolution in the Gulf of Guinea. The J. G. Correia collection.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1013","Cyanomitra cyanolaema octaviae"],["28608","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra oritis","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.190,225","Cameroon Sunbird","Cameroon Sunbird","Cameroon Sunbird",null,null,"foothill and montane forest undergrowth and plantations in southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea); undertakes altitudinal migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717728","camsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camsun2","avibase-B76E3DA1",null,null,"Buea, 950 m., Mt. Cameroon.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/204/mode/1up","Cinnyris oritis"],["28609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra oritis poensis","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06938C2A",null,null,"Bilelipi, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/410/mode/1up","Cyanomitra poensis"],["28610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra oritis oritis","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.190,225",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Mount Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00C25DC5",null,null,"Buea, 950 m., Mt. Cameroon.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/204/mode/1up","Cinnyris oritis"],["28611","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra oritis bansoensis","Bannerman, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria (Obudu and Mambilla Plateaux) and highlands of western Cameroon (except Mt. Cameroon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E71ECF6F",null,null,"Banso Mountains, 6,000 ft., north of Kumbo, Nigerian-Cameroons highlands.","Descriptions of new races of Sun-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/414/mode/1up","Cyanomitra oritis bansoensis"],["28612","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra alinae","Jackson, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.94","Blue-headed Sunbird","Blue-headed Sunbird","Blue-headed Sunbird",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda southward through Rwanda and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717733","buhsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buhsun1","avibase-AE0035FF",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","A new species of Sun-bird from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/582/mode/1up","Cyanomitra alinae"],["28613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra alinae derooi","(Prigogine, 1975)","Revue Zoologique Africaine 89 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (west of Lake Albert and Lake Edward)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D6CD3E",null,null,"Zaire, Lutunguru, alt. 1550 m","Etude taxonomique de Nectarinia alinae et description de trois nouvelles formes de la République du Zaire.",null,"Nectarinia alinae derooi"],["28614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra alinae kaboboensis","(Prigogine, 1975)","Revue Zoologique Africaine 89 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (montane forest of Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BB8A1C7",null,null,"Zaire, near Pepa, Lufuko River, 2440 m","Etude taxonomique de Nectarinia alinae et description de trois nouvelles formes de la République du Zaire.",null,"Nectarinia alinae kaboboensis"],["28615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra alinae alinae","Jackson, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Uganda and northwestern Rwanda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0D7EDE1",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","A new species of Sun-bird from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/582/mode/1up","Cyanomitra alinae"],["28616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra alinae tanganjicae","(Reichenow, 1915)","Journal für Ornithologie 63, no.1 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (mountains west of Lake Kivu, Itombwe Mountains, northwest of Lake Tanganyika), southwestern Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BFA6DB1",null,null,"forests northwest of Lake Tanganyika. Not a homonym of the differently spelled Cinnyris tanganyikae Grant, 1907, = Nectarinia bouvieri.","Neue Arten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43484#page/136/mode/1up","Chalcomitra verticalis tanganjicae"],["28617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra alinae marungensis","(Prigogine, 1975)","Revue Zoologique Africaine 89 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E4CBAA1",null,null,"rivière Lufuko, près de Pepa, alt: 1710 m [Zaïre]","Etude taxonomique de Nectarinia alinae et description de trois nouvelles formes de la République du Zaire.",null,"Nectarinia alinae marungensis"],["28618","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea","(Smith, 1840)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.11 pl.57, text","Olive Sunbird","Olive Sunbird","Olive Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane forest and clearings, coastal and highland scrub, mangroves, and plantations, from Senegal eastward through Nigeria, including Bioko and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea), to Ethiopia and southern Somalia, southward through Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, to northwestern Angola and coastal eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717691","eaosun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaosun1","avibase-EE79A5EF",null,null,"Kafirland . . . eastward . . . toward Port Natal [= Durban] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/240/mode/1up","Cinnyris olivaceus"],["28619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea guineensis","Bannerman, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-187A492C",null,null,"Nanna Kru, Liberia.","Description of a new subspecies of Sunbird from the mainland of West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/165/mode/1up","Cyanomitra obscura guineensis"],["28620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea cephaelis","(Bates, 1930)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Benin to northern Angola and the Congo Basin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A85251D",null,null,"Bitye, southern Cameroon.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/84/mode/1up","Cinnyris (Cyanomitra) olivaceus cephaëlis"],["28621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea obscura","(Jardine, 1843)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, vol.XIII p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"Príncipe and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FC6421E",null,null,"Fernando Po.","The natural history of the Nectariniadae or Sun-Birds","https://books.google.ca/books?id=gStOTCP4E_gC&pg=PA253#v=onepage&q&f=false","N[ectarinia] obscurus"],["28622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea ragazzii","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia to Uganda, western Kenya, western Tanzania, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6003D0A",null,null,"Foresta di Fekerie-ghem, Scioa [Shoa]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/253/mode/1up","Eleocerthia ragazzii"],["28623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea changamwensis","Mearns, 1910","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.14 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia and coastal Kenya to northeastern Tanzania; Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E92DE4A8",null,null,"Changamwe (near Mombasa).","Description of ten new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/374/mode/1up","Cyanomitra changamwensis"],["28624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea neglecta","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.3 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEABE6E2",null,null,"Kibuesi, Ukamba, Kenya.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil (Schluss).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/307/mode/1up","Cyanomitra obscura neglecta"],["28625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea granti","Vincent, 1934","Ibis ser.13, vol.4, no.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Zanzibar and Pemba Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-534D0F9E",null,null,"Pemba Island.","Review of two African species, Cyanomitra olivacea (Olive Sunbird) and Batis molitor (Chinspot Flycatcher).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1934.tb01545.x","Cyanomitra olivacea granti"],["28626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea alfredi","Vincent, 1934","Ibis ser.13, vol.4, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to Malawi, southeastern Zambia, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76C2867B",null,null,"Namuli Mountain, 4,600 ft., Quelimane Province, Portuguese East Africa.","Review of two African species, Cyanomitra olivacea (Olive Sunbird) and Batis molitor (Chinspot Flycatcher).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1934.tb01545.x","Cyanomitra olivacea alfredi"],["28627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea sclateri","Vincent, 1934","Ibis ser.13, vol.4, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and west-central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D7A63CD",null,null,"Chirinda Forest, 3,900 ft.. Southern Rhodesia.","Review of two African species, Cyanomitra olivacea (Olive Sunbird) and Batis molitor (Chinspot Flycatcher).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1934.tb01545.x","Cyanomitra olivacea sclateri"],["28628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea olivacina","(Peters, 1881)","Journal für Ornithologie 29, no.153 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (northeastern KwaZulu-Natal) and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B98BD621",null,null,"Inhambane.","Ueber zwei neue mit Turdus libonyanus und Cinnyris olivaceus Smith verwandte Arten aus Inhambane.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102782#page/62/mode/1up","Nectarinia olivacina"],["28629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra olivacea olivacea","(Smith, 1840)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.11 pl.57, text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (southern KwaZulu-Natal to Eastern Cape), and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0615C37A",null,null,"Kafirland . . . eastward . . . toward Port Natal [= Durban] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/240/mode/1up","Cinnyris olivaceus"],["28630","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra veroxii","(Smith, 1832)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.5 p.13","Grey Sunbird","Mouse-colored Sunbird","Mouse-coloured Sunbird","2025-N057","Use of \"<em>veroxii</em>\" is the correct original spelling and clearly represents an unusual but intended Latinization of the genitive of the name \"Verreaux\". Any other spelling is an unjustified emendation.","lowland coastal woodland, riverine forest, scrub, and mangroves, from southeaster Somalia southward through Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, and inland to Malawi, to southern Mozambique, and eastern and southern South Africa; some irruptive wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717699","mocsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mocsun2","avibase-C1CBA33A",null,null,"Cafferland [= eastern Cape Province, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 702] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/478/mode/1up","Cinnyris veroxii"],["28631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra veroxii fischeri","(Reichenow, 1880)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.150 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to eastern Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and northern KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2551EE58",null,null,"Mozambique.","Ueber eine dritte Collection von Vogelbälgen aus Ost-Afrika, gesammelt von Dr. G. A. Fischer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/154/mode/1up","Cinnyris fischeri"],["28632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra veroxii zanzibarica","(Grote, 1932)","Ibis ser.13, vol.2, no.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DA45990",null,null,"Zanzibar Island.","A new Race of Sunbird from Zanzibar.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01522.x","Chalcomitra veroxii zanzibarica"],["28633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cyanomitra veroxii veroxii","(Smith, 1832)","South African Quarterly Journal vol.1, no.5 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern KwaZulu-Natal to eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8DEABEE",null,null,"Cafferland [= eastern Cape Province, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 702] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54198#page/478/mode/1up","Cinnyris veroxii"],["28634","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Deleornis","Wolters, 1977","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 28 p.88 [82-101]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anthreptes fraseri [Jardine & Selby, 1843]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156184#page/466/mode/1up","Deleornis"],["28635","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Deleornis axillaris","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.32","Grey-headed Sunbird","Gray-headed Sunbird","Grey-headed Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in foothill primary and secondary forest, and forest edge, from western Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Uganda and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103792599","gyhsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhsun1","avibase-D34970F5",null,null,"Uvamba, Semliki Valley.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/46/mode/1up","Camaroptera axillaris"],["28636","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Deleornis fraseri","(Jardine & Selby, 1843)","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.9 pl.52, with text","Fraser's Sunbird","Fraser's Sunbird","Fraser's Sunbird",null,null,"lowland forest and plantations from western Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southern Cameroon, Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and southwestern Central Africa Republic, southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103792577","sctsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctsun2","avibase-D508B219",null,null,"Fernando Po.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/335/mode/1up","Anthreptes fraseri"],["28637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Deleornis fraseri idius","(Oberholser, 1899)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22, no.1182 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Sierra Leone to Ghana and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-833A8D1E",null,null,"Mt. Coffee, Liberia.","A List of the Birds collected by Mr. R. P. Currie in Liberia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99942#page/63/mode/1up","Anthreptes idius"],["28638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Deleornis fraseri cameroonensis","(Bannerman, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Central African Republic, northwestern Angola, Gabon, and Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-059909EC",null,null,"River Ja, Cameroons.","Descriptions of new subspecies from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/167/mode/1up","Anthreptes fraseri cameroonensis"],["28639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Deleornis fraseri fraseri","(Jardine & Selby, 1843)","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.9 pl.52, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4F1FDA1",null,null,"Fernando Po.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/335/mode/1up","Anthreptes fraseri"],["28640","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Dreptes","Reichenow, 1914","Journal für Ornithologie 62, no.3 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nectarinia thomensis [Bocage, 1889]; type by original designation",null,"Bericht über die Märzsitzung 1914","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43524#page/514/mode/1up","Dreptes"],["28641","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Dreptes thomensis","(Bocage, 1889)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (2), 1 p.143","Giant Sunbird","Giant Sunbird","Giant Sunbird",null,null,"São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717719","satsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satsun1","avibase-1DEA5DEA",null,null,"St. Miguel, St. Thome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23044#page/155/mode/1up","Nectarinia thomensis"],["28642","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia","Illiger, 1811","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.210",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia famosa [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 12).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/234/mode/1up","Nectarinia"],["28643","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia bocagii","Shelley, 1879","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds pt9-10 p.21 pl.6 fig.2","Bocage's Sunbird","Bocage's Sunbird","Bocage's Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in foothill to submontane woodland, highland forest, shrubby marsh, and dambos, from west-central Angola and locally eastward to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717966","bocsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bocsun2","avibase-F500EA53",null,null,"Angola; type from Caconda, cf. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 683.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/149/mode/1up","Nectarinia bocagii"],["28644","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia purpureiventris","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.4 p.61","Purple-breasted Sunbird","Purple-breasted Sunbird","Purple-breasted Sunbird",null,null,"submontane to montane forest and forest edge from Albertine Rift mountains of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; seasonal altitudinal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717962","pubsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubsun3","avibase-0F533AC6",null,null,"Migere, western Mpororo [= southwestern Uganda, cf. Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 273].","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika (Schluss von S. 29-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/75/mode/1up","Cinnyris purpureiventris"],["28645","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia tacazze","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lviii","Tacazze Sunbird","Tacazze Sunbird","Tacazze Sunbird",null,null,"montane forest, heath, bamboo, and gardens from Eritrea and Ethiopia southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717958","tacsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tacsun1","avibase-FAFA576B",null,null,"Abyssinia; probably from Tacazze River, northern Abyssinia, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 683.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/658/mode/1up","Certhia tacazze"],["28646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia tacazze tacazze","(Stanley, 1814)","A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810 (etc.) App. IV p.lviii",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-408BD8FD",null,null,"Abyssinia; probably from Tacazze River, northern Abyssinia, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 683.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183286#page/658/mode/1up","Certhia tacazze"],["28647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia tacazze jacksoni","Neumann, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.24-25",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, northern and eastern Uganda, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8564E37A",null,null,"Mau, British East Africa.","Neue und wenig bekannte afrikanische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/40/mode/1up","Nectarinia jacksoni"],["28648","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia kilimensis","Shelley, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.4 p.555","Bronze Sunbird","Bronze Sunbird","Bronze Sunbird",null,null,"disjunctly from foothill to montane woodland, scrub, and gardens, in highlands of west-central Angola and from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Uganda, and central Kenya, southward to eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717970","brosun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brosun1","avibase-D4F9B273",null,null,"5,000 ft., Kilimanjaro.","On five new or little-known Species of East-African Birds, represented in Mr. H. H. Johnston's First Collection from Kilimanjaro District.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/689/mode/1up","Nectarinia kilimensis"],["28649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia kilimensis kilimensis","Shelley, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.4 p.555",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EED5123",null,null,"5,000 ft., Kilimanjaro.","On five new or little-known Species of East-African Birds, represented in Mr. H. H. Johnston's First Collection from Kilimanjaro District.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/689/mode/1up","Nectarinia kilimensis"],["28650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia kilimensis arturi","Sclater, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Tanzania to Malawi, northeastern Zambia, and eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C5D1B08",null,null,"Wolverhampton, southern Melsetter district, Southern Rhodesia.","Exhibition of a small collection of birds from S.E. Rhodesia, with description of a new Sun-bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/454/mode/1up","Nectarinia arturi"],["28651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia kilimensis gadowi","Bocage, 1892","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of west-central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B497C3BC",null,null,"Galanga, interior Benguella [Huambo, Angola].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121555#page/270/mode/1up","Nectarinia gadowi"],["28652","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia famosa","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.187","Malachite Sunbird","Malachite Sunbird","Malachite Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane forest, alpine grassland, Fynbos, and protea moorland, from southern South Sudan and central Ethiopia southward through Malawi and eastern Zimbabwe to southern Namibia and southern South Africa; seasonal nomadic and altitudinal movements",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717979","malsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malsun1","avibase-26F27894",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/191/mode/1up","Certhia famosa"],["28653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia famosa cupreonitens","Shelley, 1876","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds p.17, pl. 6",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and southeastern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D67FFD6",null,null,"Abyssinia and Senegambia ; type from Abyssinia, fide Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/143/mode/1up","Nectarinia cupreonitens"],["28654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia famosa famosa","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Zimbabwe, Lesotho, western Eswatini, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3D17B1B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/191/mode/1up","Certhia famosa"],["28655","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia johnstoni","Shelley, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.2 p.227 pl.14","Scarlet-tufted Sunbird","Red-tufted Sunbird","Red-tufted Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in montane forest, alpine moorland, and protea grassland, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to central Kenya, and southward to Rwanda, northeastern Zambia, and northern Malawi; altitudinal migrant",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717984","retsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retsun2","avibase-D91BCC1B",null,null,"11,000 ft., Kilimanjaro.","On the Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston in the Kilima-njaro District, with Field-notes by Mr. H. H. Johnston.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/283/mode/1up","Nectarinia johnstoni"],["28656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia johnstoni johnstoni","Shelley, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.2 p.227 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E7DA10D",null,null,"11,000 ft., Kilimanjaro.","On the Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston in the Kilima-njaro District, with Field-notes by Mr. H. H. Johnston.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/283/mode/1up","Nectarinia johnstoni"],["28657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia johnstoni dartmouthi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and northwestern Rwanda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E15FCC6",null,null,"12,000-13,000 ft., eastern Ruwenzori; type from Mubuku valley, 13,000 ft., cf. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 683.","On new subspecies from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/143/mode/1up","Nectarinia dartmouthi"],["28658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia johnstoni nyikensis","Delacour, 1944","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 29 pt1 p.32,note",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southern Tanzania to Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3336AF9",null,null,"Kachera, 8,400 feet, Nyasaland; preoccupied by Cinnyris salvadorii Shelley, 1877 = Nectarinia sericea salvadorii.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207643#page/540/mode/1up","Nectarinia johnstoni nyikensis"],["28659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Nectarinia johnstoni itombwensis","Prigogine, 1977","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 53, Suppl.Ann.Orn. 1 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E2022AC",null,null,"Mt Mohi at 3050 m (Itombwe Mountains), Zaire","Populations of the Scarlet-tufted Malachite Sunbird, Nectarinia johnstoni Shelley, in Central Africa and description of a new subspecies from the Republic of Zaire.",null,"Nectarinia johnstoni itombwensis"],["28660","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Drepanorhynchus","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Drepanorhynchus reichenowi [G.A. Fischer, 1884]; type by original designation",null,"Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/68/mode/1up","Drepanorhynchus"],["28661","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Drepanorhynchus reichenowi","Fischer, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.56","Golden-winged Sunbird","Golden-winged Sunbird","Golden-winged Sunbird",null,null,"montane grassland, forest, bamboo, and gardens, from eastern Uganda and northern Kenya southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and northern Tanzania; seasonal elevational migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717975","gowsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowsun2","avibase-D33D2F6D",null,null,"1,500-2,000 m.. Lake Naivasha.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/68/mode/1up","Drepanorhynchus reichenowi"],["28662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Drepanorhynchus reichenowi shellyae","(Prigogine, 1952)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 46 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EF61509",null,null,"Lake Lungwe, lat. 28° 46' E., long. 3° 3' S., 2,750 m., Congo.","Quatre nouveaux oiseaux du Congo belge.",null,"Nectarinia reichenowi shellyae"],["28663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Drepanorhynchus reichenowi lathburyi","(Williams, 1956)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.8 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northern Kenya (Mount Kulal to Mount Uraguess)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-687C34DC",null,null,"Summit of Mt. Garguez [= Uraguess], lat. 0° 56' N., long. 37° 24' E., 7,100 ft., Mathews Range, Northern Frontier Province, Kenya.","A new Golden-winged Sunbird from Kenya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/183/mode/1up","Nectarinia reichenowi lathburyi"],["28664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Drepanorhynchus reichenowi reichenowi","Fischer, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Kenya to southeastern Uganda and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80941D7D",null,null,"1,500-2,000 m.. Lake Naivasha.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/68/mode/1up","Drepanorhynchus reichenowi"],["28665","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.277",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia amethystina [Shaw, 1812]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 137).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/313/mode/1up","Chalcomitra"],["28666","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra adelberti","(Gervais, 1834)","Magasin de Zoologie 3, cl.2 text to pl.19, p.1; pl.19","Buff-throated Sunbird","Buff-throated Sunbird","Buff-throated Sunbird",null,null,"lowland forest, forest clearings, and plantations from northwestern Guinea and Guinea-Bissau eastward to southeastern Nigeria and adjacent Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717778","butsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butsun2","avibase-59EE3B94",null,null,"Senegal [?].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114093#page/125/mode/1up","Cinnyris adelberti"],["28667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra adelberti adelberti","(Gervais, 1834)","Magasin de Zoologie 3, cl.2 text to pl.19, p.1; pl.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79D34B3B",null,null,"Senegal [?].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114093#page/125/mode/1up","Cinnyris adelberti"],["28668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra adelberti eboensis","(Jardine, 1843)","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, vol.XIII p.244, pl.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Togo to southeastern Nigeria eastward to Cameroon border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C10BF7C",null,null,"Eboe [= Abo] , Niger River.","The natural history of the Nectariniadae or Sun-Birds","https://books.google.ca/books?id=gStOTCP4E_gC&pg=PA242#v=onepage&q&f=false","Nectarinia eboensis"],["28669","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra fuliginosa","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4 (1)  p.192 pl.34 fig.4","Carmelite Sunbird","Carmelite Sunbird","Carmelite Sunbird",null,null,"lowland coastal woodland, swamp and mangroves, and gardens, from Sierra Leone eastward to southwestern Cameroon, thence southward, and inland along the Congo River, to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717758","carsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carsun2","avibase-23BEFB19",null,null,"Malimbe in Africa (Malembo, Cabinda, Angola)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/276/mode/1up","Certhia fuliginosa"],["28670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra fuliginosa aurea","(Lesson, 1847)","Description de mammiferes et d'oiseaux récemment découverts, precédée d'un tableau sur les races humaines p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Liberia, Nigeria, Cameroon, and coastal Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48BC5E23",null,null,"no locality; Liberia designated by Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 44.",null,null,"Cinnyris aureus"],["28671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra fuliginosa fuliginosa","(Bechstein, 1811)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 4 (1)  p.192 pl.34 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Congo River (southern Democratic Republic of the Congo) to western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC4441E3",null,null,"Malimbe in Africa (Malembo, Cabinda, Angola)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234911#page/276/mode/1up","Certhia fuliginosa"],["28672","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra rubescens","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.506","Green-throated Sunbird","Green-throated Sunbird","Green-throated Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest, montane grassland, farmbush, and gardens, from southeastern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to southern South Sudan, southward through Gabon and far western Kenya to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717766","gntsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gntsun1","avibase-2E2DE0B6",null,null,"Kingdom of Congo and Cacongo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/526/mode/1up","Cinnyris rubescens"],["28673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra rubescens crossensis","Serle, 1963","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 83, no.7 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon (Mamfe and to west of Bamenda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5983022D",null,null,"Mamfe, lat. 5° 45' N., long. 9° 20' E., 400 ft., Federal Republic of Cameroun.","A new race of sunbird from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126838#page/164/mode/1up","Chalcomitra rubescens crossensis"],["28674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra rubescens stangerii","(Jardine, 1842)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.10, no.64 p.187-188, pl. XIII",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D0D553",null,null,"Niger River; error = Fernando Po, see Amadon, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 100, p. 429.","XXX. Horae Zoologicae. No. V. Description of some Birds collected during the last expedition to the Niger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19565#page/221/mode/1up","Nectarinia stangerii"],["28675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra rubescens rubescens","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.506",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Cameroon southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia, eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3930FA4",null,null,"Kingdom of Congo and Cacongo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/526/mode/1up","Cinnyris rubescens"],["28676","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra amethystina","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.194","Amethyst Sunbird","Amethyst Sunbird","Amethyst Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill wooded savanna, gardens, hills with flowering aloe and protea, from Gabon and southern Republic of Congo eastward (except Congolian rainforest) to southeastern South Sudan and northwestern Somalia, thence southward to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, Mozambique, and eastern and southern South Africa; partial migrant",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717762","amesun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amesun2","avibase-B022292C",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/264/mode/1up","Certhia amethystina"],["28677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra amethystina kalckreuthi","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205, 227",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia, eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B18F843A",null,null,"Mombassa.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Cinnyris (Chalcomitra) kalckreuthi"],["28678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra amethystina kirkii","(Shelley, 1876)","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds p.273, pl. 85",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, Uganda, western and central Kenya, and southern Tanzania southward to eastern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17EB25BB",null,null,"Zambezi district ; probably Shupanga, lower Zambezi Valley, ca. lat. 35° 30' E., fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 699.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/551/mode/1up","Cinnyris kirkii"],["28679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra amethystina deminuta","Cabanis, 1880","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 5 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola, Zambia, northern Namibia, and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD2ACDCB",null,null,"West Africa; restricted to Malandje, Angola, by Reichenow, 1905, Vög. Afr., 3, p. 459.","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_5_I-LXXV.pdf","Chalcomitra deminuta"],["28680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra amethystina amethystina","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.194",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique and Botswana to Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD530327",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/264/mode/1up","Certhia amethystina"],["28681","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186","Scarlet-chested Sunbird","Scarlet-chested Sunbird","Scarlet-chested Sunbird",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia savanna, thornscrub, miombo and mopane woodland, and coastal scrub, from southern Mauritania eastward through the Sahel to Ethiopia and Eritrea, southward (except Congolian rainforest) to central Namibia, northern Botswana, Mozambique, and eastern South Africa; seasonal nomadic wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717770","sccsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sccsun2","avibase-0059A2E0",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia senegalensis"],["28682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra senegalensis senegalensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to northern Ghana and northern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0A058C3",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia senegalensis"],["28683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra senegalensis acik","(Hartmann, 1866)","Journal für Ornithologie 14, no.81 p.205-207",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Cameroon to Central African Republic, southwestern Sudan, western and central South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB2A682A",null,null,"Djur, i.e., Bahr-el-Ghazal Province.","Orazio Antinori : Beschreibung und Verzeichniss einer von Mai 1859 bis Juli 1861 in Nord-Central-Afrika angelegten Vögelsammlung. Aus dem Italienischen auszugsweise übersetzt und mit einigen Anmerkungen vesehen von Dr. R. Hartmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103185#page/217/mode/1up","Nectarinia acik"],["28684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra senegalensis proteus","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan, southeastern South Sudan (Boma Hills), Eritrea, and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-218E9994",null,null,"valleys of Simen in Abyssinia (6500 ft.) [Simien Mountains, Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/171/mode/1up","Cinnyris proteus"],["28685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra senegalensis lamperti","(Reichenow, 1897)","Journal für Ornithologie 45, no.2 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan (Imatong Mountains, Leboni Forest), Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda (except northwest), southwestern Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BAAE984",null,null,"'Moschi am Kilimandscharo.","[Über die afrikanischen Cinnyris-Arten der gutturalis-Gruppe und eine neue Abart der Cinnyris senegalensis].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103562#page/214/mode/1up","Cinnyris senegalensis lamperti"],["28686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra senegalensis saturatior","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to Namibia and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2060D65B",null,null,"Angola.","Uebersicht der von Dr. Emin Pascha auf seiner Reise von Bagamojo bis Tabora gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/172/mode/1up","Cinnyris gutturalis saturatior"],["28687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra senegalensis gutturalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia southward to eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB5CFE7C",null,null,"'Brasilia' ; emended to southeastern Cape Province by Vincent, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55, p. 97.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia gutturalis"],["28688","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra hunteri","(Shelley, 1889)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.3 p.365 pl.41 fig.2","Hunter's Sunbird","Hunter's Sunbird","Hunter's Sunbird",null,null,"Ethiopia and Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717774","hunsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hunsun2","avibase-8F052626",null,null,"Useri River, east of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Kenya-Tanganyika [Tanzania] boundary.","On the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/481/mode/1up","Cinnyris hunteri"],["28689","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Chalcomitra balfouri","(Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.169 pl.15 fig.2","Socotra Sunbird","Socotra Sunbird","Socotra Sunbird",null,null,"Socotra and Abd el Kuri (off northeastern Somalia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717750","socsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socsun2","avibase-98E4ABFF",null,null,"Socotra.","On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. B. Balfour.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/231/mode/1up","Cinnyris balfouri"],["28690","genus","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.411",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhia splendida [Shaw, 1811]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 19). = Certhia coccinigastra Latham, 1801  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/453/mode/1up","Cinnyris"],["28691","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chloropygius","(Jardine, 1842)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.10, no.64 p.188","Olive-bellied Sunbird","Olive-bellied Sunbird","Olive-bellied Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill wooded savanna, coastal thickets and mangroves, and gardens, from Senegal eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kenya (Ethiopia subspecies perhaps extinct), southward to northwestern Angola, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717919","olbsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun3","avibase-D2B15B3F",null,null,"Niger River.","XXX. Horae Zoologicae. No. V. Description of some Birds collected during the last expedition to the Niger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19565#page/222/mode/1up","Nectarinia chloropygia"],["28692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chloropygius kempi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1910","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 19 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAE76040",null,null,"Sierra Leone ; type from Bo, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 696.","Ruwenzori expedition reports. No. 16. Aves. Appendix. On some points in the anatomy of Bradypterus cinnamomeus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98704#page/367/mode/1up","Cinnyris kempi"],["28693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chloropygius chloropygius","(Jardine, 1842)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.10, no.64 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon, northwestern Angola, and central Democratic Republic of the Congo; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7609096",null,null,"Niger River.","XXX. Horae Zoologicae. No. V. Description of some Birds collected during the last expedition to the Niger.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19565#page/222/mode/1up","Nectarinia chloropygia"],["28694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chloropygius orphogaster","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"central Democratic Republic of the Congo through southern South Sudan to southwestern Ethiopia, southward to northeastern Angola and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33C5286C",null,null,"central Africa (Bukoba, Insel Soweh, Sesse Inseln, Sotik) ; type in Berlin Museum from Bukoba, Lake Victoria, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 697.","Nachprüfung einiger afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Cinnyris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/185/mode/1up","Cinnyris chloropygia orphogaster"],["28695","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris minullus","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.170","Tiny Sunbird","Tiny Sunbird","Tiny Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, forest edge, wooded savanna, and plantations, from Sierra Leone eastward through southern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to western Uganda, and southward to far western and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717923","tinsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tinsun2","avibase-6F3E5C98",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroons.","Nachprüfung einiger afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Cinnyris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/186/mode/1up","Cinnyris minullus"],["28696","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris gertrudis","Grote, 1926","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34(6) p.183","Western Miombo Sunbird","Western Miombo Sunbird","Western Miombo Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to submontane miombo woodland, riparian woodland, savanna, parks, and gardens, from western Angola eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Tanzania, and southward to Zambia and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103797518","miosun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miosun2","avibase-82E7EDC0",null,null,"Songea, ca. lat. 10° 41' S., long. 35° 38' E., southwestern German East Africa.",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_34_0179-0184.pdf#page=5","Cinnyris chalybeus gertrudis"],["28697","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris manoensis","Reichenow, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.200","Eastern Miombo Sunbird","Eastern Miombo Sunbird","Eastern Miombo Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane scrub, miombo forest, savanna, and gardens, from southwestern Tanzania and eastern Zambia southward to Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103797506","miosun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/miosun3","avibase-4E7287C8",null,null,"Missale, Mano area, west of Lake Nyasa.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/218/mode/1up","Cinnyris manoensis"],["28698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris manoensis manoensis","Reichenow, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to southeastern Zambia, Zimbabwe, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-198A8056",null,null,"Missale, Mano area, west of Lake Nyasa.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/218/mode/1up","Cinnyris manoensis"],["28699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris manoensis amicorum","(Clancey, 1970)","Durban Museum Novitates 9 pt3 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique (Mount Gorongoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FEB4C3A",null,null,"Philippia and Protea treeveld on the montane plateau below Nhandowe Peak, Mt. Gorongosa, Manica e Sofala, southern Mozam bique. Altitude c. 1800 m. a.s.l. 16 April, 1970. Collected by T. B . Oatley and K . L. Tinley.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds. XXXI. A new isolate subspecies of Nectarinia afra (Linnaeus) from Moçambique.","https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1842","Nectarinia afra amicorum"],["28700","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chalybeus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186","Southern Double-collared Sunbird","Southern Double-collared Sunbird","Southern Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane woodland, scrub, gardens, Fynbos, plantations and protea habitat, from southern Namibia and northeastern South Africa southward to western and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717869","sdcsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sdcsun3","avibase-679F9748",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia chalybea"],["28701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chalybeus subalaris","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (Eastern Cape to Limpopo) and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA78B098",null,null,"Pondoland.","Nachprüfung einiger afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Cinnyris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/186/mode/1up","Cinnyris subalaris"],["28702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chalybeus chalybeus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5D8AEE2",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia chalybea"],["28703","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris neergaardi","Grant, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.93","Neergaard's Sunbird","Neergaard's Sunbird","Neergaard's Sunbird",null,null,"lowland coastal scrub, dry sandy thornbush, and open woodland, in southeastern Mozambique and coastal KwaZulu-Natal (eastern South Africa)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717903","neesun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neesun2","avibase-942E8A93",null,null,"Coguno, Inhambane District, Portuguese East Africa.","On two [three (sic)] new species of South African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/119/mode/1up","Cinnyris neergaardi"],["28704","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris stuhlmanni","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.4 p.61","Rwenzori Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"2025-1006","Taxa <em>whytei </em>and <em>skye </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Cinnyris stuhlmanni</em> based on genetics. Formerly treated as subspecies of <em>C. ludovicensis</em>, or separated as a distinct species (<em>C. whytei</em>), mitochondrial DNA data (Bowie et al. 2016) show that <em>whytei </em>and <em>skye </em>are more closely related to <em>C. stuhlmanni</em>, an arrangement supported by minor plumage differences; however, <em>stuhlmanni </em>is a larger, high-montane taxon, and further research needed.","montane forest, scrub, bamboo, and heath, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda southward to western Burundi; disjunctly in east-central Tanzania (Rubeho and Udzungwa highlands) and northern Malawi (Nyika Plateau) and adjacent northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-358DBBC6",null,null,"central Africa ; 'type undoubtedly from West Ruwenzori' (Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 252).","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika (Schluss von S. 29-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/75/mode/1up","Cinnyris stuhlmanni"],["28705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris stuhlmanni stuhlmanni","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.4 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8266DD3",null,null,"central Africa ; 'type undoubtedly from West Ruwenzori' (Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 252).","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika (Schluss von S. 29-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/75/mode/1up","Cinnyris stuhlmanni"],["28706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris stuhlmanni graueri","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Kivu Volcanos, Rwanda, and southwestern Uganda (Mount Muhavura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B233CF4A",null,null,"western Kivu Volcanoes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/81/mode/1up","Cinnyris afra graueri"],["28707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris stuhlmanni chapini","Prigogine, 1952","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 46 p.411[=412]",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Burundi (mountains west of Lake Edward to Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D10D3A6",null,null,"Mt. Mohi, 28° 45' E., 2° 5r S., 3,240 m.",null,null,"Cinayris afer chapini"],["28708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris stuhlmanni schubotzi","Reichenow, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (mountains west of Lake Kivu), adjacent Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39F1A3AD",null,null,"Lugege-Wald, between Vic. Nyanga, and Lake Kivu, Africa","Neue afrikanische Arten","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/63/mode/1up","Cinnyris schubotzi"],["28709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris stuhlmanni whytei","Benson, 1948","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 69 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Malawi (Nyika Plateau) and adjacent northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D322B1E",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125666#page/45/mode/1up","Cinnyris afer whytei"],["28710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris stuhlmanni skye","Bowie, Fjeldså, Kiure & Kristensen, 2016","Zootaxa 4175 (1) p.38 [23-42]",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Tanzania (Rubeho and Udzungwa highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EAB7A5D",null,null,"Mafwemiro Forest, Rubeho Highlands, Mpwapwa District, Tanzania; collected by J. Bolding Kristensen 30 Nov. 2002","A new member of the greater double-collared sunbird complex (Passeriformes: Nectariniidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Africa","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309024924","Cinnyris whytei skye"],["28711","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris prigoginei","Macdonald, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78 p.9","Prigogine's Double-collared Sunbird","Prigogine's Double-collared Sunbird","Prigogine's Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"local in foothill to submontane forest, forest edge, and adjacent scrub, in Marungu Highlands (southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103798427","prisun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prisun3","avibase-5D8A4ACA",null,null,"Sambwe, 6,100 ft., Marungu highlands, Congo.","Note on Cinnyris manoensis Reichenow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/27/mode/1up","Cinnyris afer prigoginei"],["28712","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ludovicensis","(Bocage, 1868)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 2 no.5 p.41","Ludwig's Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"2025-1006","Taxa <em>whytei </em>and <em>skye </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Cinnyris stuhlmanni</em> based on genetics. Formerly treated as subspecies of <em>C. ludovicensis</em>, or separated as a distinct species (<em>C. whytei</em>), mitochondrial DNA data (Bowie et al. 2016) show that <em>whytei </em>and <em>skye </em>are more closely related to <em>C. stuhlmanni</em>, an arrangement supported by minor plumage differences; however, <em>stuhlmanni </em>is a larger, high-montane taxon, and further research needed.","montane forest of western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CD990E7",null,null,"Biballa, Mossamedes [=Moçâmedes, Angola] (see Bocage, 1881, Orn. D'Angola, p. 169).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54806#page/49/mode/1up","Nectarinea ludovicensis"],["28713","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris reichenowi","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.11 p.444","Northern Double-collared Sunbird","Northern Double-collared Sunbird","Northern Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"disjunct populations in lowland to montane forest edge, heath, gallery forest, and gardens, from southeastern Nigeria and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward to northwestern Central African Republic, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern South Sudan southward to Burundi and central Kenya; undertakes altitudinal migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717887","ndcsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ndcsun2","avibase-A6083057",null,null,"Sotik, East Africa. Preoccupied by Nectarinia reichenowi (Fischer), 1884.","Diagnoses of new Species of Birds from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/476/mode/1up","Cinnyris reichenowi"],["28714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris reichenowi preussi","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon and western Central African Republic; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C88491C",null,null,"Buea, Mt. Cameroon.","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/204/mode/1up","Cinnyris preussi"],["28715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris reichenowi reichenowi","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.11 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern, eastern, and southwestern Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D09BB60",null,null,"Sotik, East Africa. Preoccupied by Nectarinia reichenowi (Fischer), 1884.","Diagnoses of new Species of Birds from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/476/mode/1up","Cinnyris reichenowi"],["28716","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris afer","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.186","Greater Double-collared Sunbird","Greater Double-collared Sunbird","Greater Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103798399","gdcsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gdcsun2","avibase-E47FCBF7",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/190/mode/1up","Certhia afra"],["28717","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris regius","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.32","Regal Sunbird","Regal Sunbird","Regal Sunbird",null,null,"montane forest, bamboo and scrub, from western Uganda and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717927","regsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/regsun2","avibase-F995313F",null,null,"amended to Ruwenzori by Schouteden, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 30, p. 166.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/46/mode/1up","Cinnyris regia"],["28718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris regius regius","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Albertine Rift Mountains (eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southwestern Uganda to Burundi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89647512",null,null,"amended to Ruwenzori by Schouteden, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 30, p. 166.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/46/mode/1up","Cinnyris regia"],["28719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris regius anderseni","Williams, 1950","Ibis vol.92, no.4 p.644",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahale highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62909744",null,null,"Mahari Mountains, lat. 6° 20' S., long. 29° 55' E., ca. 6,000 ft., eastern shores of Lake Tanganyika, Tanganyika.","A new Race of Cinnyris regius from Tanganyika.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1950.tb01774.x","Cinnyris regius anderseni"],["28720","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris rockefelleri","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.16","Rockefeller's Sunbird","Rockefeller's Sunbird","Rockefeller's Sunbird",null,null,"local in submontane to montane forest edge, tall bamboo, and heath, in North Itombwe Mountains and adjacent highlands (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717941","rocsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocsun2","avibase-D88A2E02",null,null,"Mt. Kandashomwa, at 9,000 ft., west of Ruzizi Valley, eastern Belgian Congo.","Fourteen new birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Cinnyris rockefelleri"],["28721","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris mediocris","Shelley, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.2 p.228","Eastern Double-collared Sunbird","Eastern Double-collared Sunbird","Eastern Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, bamboo, heathland, and gardens, from western and central Kenya southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103799498","edcsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/edcsun3","avibase-EF6101F4",null,null,"Kilimanjaro, 12,000 ft.","On the Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston in the Kilima-njaro District, with Field-notes by Mr. H. H. Johnston.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/284/mode/1up","Cinnyris mediocris"],["28722","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris usambaricus","Grote, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.86","Usambara Double-collared Sunbird","Usambara Double-collared Sunbird","Usambara Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest, bamboo, and gardens, in Taita Hills (southeastern Kenya) and Usambara Mountains (northeastern Tanzania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103799620","edcsun4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/edcsun4","avibase-CBA39A29",null,null,"Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, West Usambara [Tanzania]","Cinnyris mediocris usambaricus nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/104/mode/1up","Cinnyris mediocris usambaricus"],["28723","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris fuelleborni","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.7","Forest Double-collared Sunbird","Forest Double-collared Sunbird","Forest Double-collared Sunbird",null,null,"montane forest from northeastern Zambia and central Tanzania southward to southern Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735340","edcsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/edcsun1","avibase-411ECD6F",null,null,"Kalinga, German East Africa [Iringa district, Tanganyika] .","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/23/mode/1up","Cinnyris fülleborni"],["28724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris fuelleborni fuelleborni","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Tanzania to northern Malawi and northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2194E8F9",null,null,"Kalinga, German East Africa [Iringa district, Tanganyika] .","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/23/mode/1up","Cinnyris fülleborni"],["28725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris fuelleborni bensoni","Williams, 1953","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Malawi and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8DF99A9",null,null,"Dedza Mountain, 7,000 ft., Nyasaland.","Cinnyris Mediocris. A revision of the Species and Description of a New Race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/28/mode/1up","Cynnyris mediocris bensoni"],["28726","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris moreaui","Sclater, 1933","Ibis ser.13, vol.3, no.2 p.214","Moreau's Sunbird","Moreau's Sunbird","Moreau's Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, and forest edge, in highlands of east-central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717936","morsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/morsun2","avibase-B929416B",null,null,"Maskati Nguru Range, 6,000 ft., east-central Tanganyika.","Taxonomic and Field Notes on some Birds of North-Eastern Tanganyika Territory. Part IV.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1933.tb03632.x","Cinnyris mediocris moreaui"],["28727","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris loveridgei","Hartert, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.49","Loveridge's Sunbird","Loveridge's Sunbird","Loveridge's Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to montane forest, forest edge, and bamboo, in Uluguru Mountains (eastern Tanzania)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717931","lovsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lovsun3","avibase-85666B49",null,null,"Uluguru Mountains, eastern Tanganyika.","Exhibition and descriptions of some new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/271/mode/1up","Cinnyris loveridgei"],["28728","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris pulchellus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.187","Beautiful Sunbird","Beautiful Sunbird","Beautiful Sunbird","2025-1009","Taxon <em>melanogastrus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Cinnyris pulchellus</em> based on an abrupt transition in male plumage (belly color), the absence of intermediate phenotypes, and apparent vocal differences (Boesman 2016m). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis, and evidence from genetics or behavior, would be informative.","lowland to foothill savanna, riverine woodland, dry thornscrub, mangrove scrub, and gardens, from southern Mauritania eastward through Sahel to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward to Sierra Leone, central Nigeria, Central African Republic, Uganda, and western Kenya; some post-breeding dispersal southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103799817","beasun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beasun2","avibase-718A3B70",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/191/mode/1up","Certhia pulchella"],["28729","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris melanogastrus","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.181","Gorgeous Sunbird","Gorgeous Sunbird","Gorgeous Sunbird","2025-1009","Taxon <em>melanogastrus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Cinnyris pulchellus</em> based on an abrupt transition in male plumage (belly color), the absence of intermediate phenotypes, and apparent vocal differences (Boesman 2016m). However, a formal bioacoustic analysis, and evidence from genetics or behavior, would be informative.","foothill to submontane savanna, dry thornscrub, wooded grassland, and gardens, from south-central Kenya southward to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103800445","beasun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beasun3","avibase-375BAF53",null,null,"Nguruman, Natron Lake.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/193/mode/1up","Nectarinia melanogastra"],["28730","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris mariquensis","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.53","Marico Sunbird","Marico Sunbird","Marico Sunbird",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill dry acacia savanna, riverine forest, and gardens from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia southward to southern Tanzania and northeastern Zambia, and from western Angola and northern Namibia eastward to central Zimbabwe and central Mozambique, then southward to northern and eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718003","marsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marsun2","avibase-5AC9F737",null,null,"north of Kurrichaine, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/133/mode/1up","Cinnyris mariquensis"],["28731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris mariquensis osiris","(Finsch, 1870)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, southeastern South Sudan (Didinga Mountains), northern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43E21C1E",null,null,"Senaf e, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91122#page/288/mode/1up","Nectarinia osiris"],["28732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris mariquensis suahelicus","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in central and southern Uganda, far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, central and southern Kenya, Tanzania, and northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39D0472F",null,null,"Tabora district, Tanganyika.","Uebersicht der von Dr. Emin Pascha auf seiner Reise von Bagamojo bis Tabora gesammelten Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/173/mode/1up","Cinnyris suahelica"],["28733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris mariquensis mariquensis","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola and Namibia eastward to southwestern Zambia, Botswana, central and southern Zimbabwe, northern and northeastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0C0B91C",null,null,"north of Kurrichaine, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/133/mode/1up","Cinnyris mariquensis"],["28734","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris shelleyi","Alexander, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.54","Shelley's Sunbird","Shelley's Sunbird","Shelley's Sunbird","2025-1007","Taxon <em>hofmanni </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Cinnyris shelleyi</em> based on subtle differences in plumage, bill length, and size (Irwin 2005), and occupation of the same habitat type. Evidence of divergence in genetics, behavior, or vocalizations will be needed to support this split.","lowland and foothill miombo woodland, acacia scrub, and gardens, from eastern Tanzania southward to northeastern Namibia, northwestern Zimbabwe, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717990","shesun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shesun2","avibase-68352820",null,null,"Zambezi River, 60 miles below junction of Kafue-Zambezi rivers (Ibis, 1899, pp. 556, 642).","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Sun-bird inhabiting near Kafui River, South Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/574/mode/1up","Cinnyris shelleyi"],["28735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris shelleyi shelleyi","Alexander, 1899","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southeastern Tanzania, eastern Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-109179EB",null,null,"Zambezi River, 60 miles below junction of Kafue-Zambezi rivers (Ibis, 1899, pp. 556, 642).","[Exhibition and description of a new species of Sun-bird inhabiting near Kafui River, South Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/574/mode/1up","Cinnyris shelleyi"],["28736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris shelleyi hofmanni","Reichenow, 1915","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 no.6 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania (Ruvu and Pangani rivers to Morogoro region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9C8669B",null,null,"Magogoni, Rufu River, Tanganyika.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/101/mode/1up","Cinnyris hofmanni"],["28737","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris congensis","(van Oort, 1910)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.54","Congo Sunbird","Congo Sunbird","Congo Sunbird",null,null,"lowland riverine forest along the Congo, lower Ubangi, and Lefini Rivers (Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717998","consun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/consun2","avibase-6A9FC674",null,null,"Boma, lower Congo ; error, corrected to Irebu by Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 268.","Nectarinia congensis nov. sp. vom unteren Kongo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/68/mode/1up","Nectarinia congensis"],["28738","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris erythrocercus","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.270","Red-chested Sunbird","Red-chested Sunbird","Red-chested Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill riverine forest, savanna wetland, cultivation, and gardens, from South Sudan southward through northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and southwestern Kenya, to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717994","recsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recsun2","avibase-4C428439",null,null,"no locality ; White Nile, south of lat. 8° N., designated by Sclater, ibid., following Heuglin, ibid.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/344/mode/1up","Nectarinia erythrocerca"],["28739","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris nectarinioides","Richmond, 1897","The Auk 14, no.2 p.158","Black-bellied Sunbird","Black-bellied Sunbird","Black-bellied Sunbird",null,null,"lowland arid acacia savanna and riverine thornscrub from central Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718043","bkbsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbsun1","avibase-7C822074",null,null,"plains east of Kilimanjaro.","Description of ten new species of birds discovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region of East Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/3/","Cinnyris nectarinioides"],["28740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris nectarinioides erlangeri","(Reichenow, 1905)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of southeastern Ethiopia to southern Somalia and far northeastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5361159",null,null,"Dolo, southern Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/540/mode/1up","Nectarinia erlangeri"],["28741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris nectarinioides nectarinioides","Richmond, 1897","The Auk 14, no.2 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of interior northern Kenya to far northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7802EADF",null,null,"plains east of Kilimanjaro.","Description of ten new species of birds discovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region of East Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/3/","Cinnyris nectarinioides"],["28742","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris bifasciatus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.198","Purple-banded Sunbird","Purple-banded Sunbird","Purple-banded Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill coastal bush, woodland, and wooded savanna, from Gabon (also reported Central African Republic), southward to western Angola, and from southern Ethiopia southward to Rwanda and eastern Tanzania, including Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, and from eastern Angola and Malawi southward to northeastern Namibia and eastern South Africa; seasonal elevational migration",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103801419","pubsun4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pubsun4","avibase-71C72002",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/272/mode/1up","Certhia bifasciata"],["28743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris bifasciatus bifasciatus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to lower Congo River and western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8461677",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/272/mode/1up","Certhia bifasciata"],["28744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris bifasciatus microrhynchus","Shelley, 1876","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds p.219, pl. 67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F703606D",null,null,"Zanzibar Coast; type from Dar es Salaam, cf. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 689.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/461/mode/1up","Cinnyris microrhyncha"],["28745","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris tsavoensis","Van Someren, 1922","Novitates Zoologicae 29, no.1 p.196","Tsavo Sunbird","Tsavo Sunbird","Tsavo Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid acacia savanna, and riverine woodland, in eastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103801517","tsasun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tsasun1","avibase-17DE4B1F",null,null,"Tsavo. [Kenya]","Notes on the birds of East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53894#page/212/mode/1up","Cinnyris bifasciatus tsavoensis"],["28746","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris chalcomelas","Reichenow, 1905","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt2 p.482","Violet-breasted Sunbird","Violet-breasted Sunbird","Violet-breasted Sunbird",null,null,"lowland coastal thornscrub in southern Somalia and eastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718012","vibsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vibsun2","avibase-9CDA630C",null,null,"Kismayu, southern Somaliland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/526/mode/1up","Cinnyris chalcomelas"],["28747","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris pembae","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.180","Pemba Sunbird","Pemba Sunbird","Pemba Sunbird",null,null,"lowland coastal forest, coastal rag scrub, plantations, and gardens, on Pemba Island (off northeastern Tanzania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718017","pemsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pemsun2","avibase-8427E71F",null,null,"Pemba Island.","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/194/mode/1up","Cinnyris pembae"],["28748","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris bouvieri","Shelley, 1877","A monograph of the Nectariniidæ, or family of sun-birds pt3 p.227 pl.70","Orange-tufted Sunbird","Orange-tufted Sunbird","Orange-tufted Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane forest edge, savanna woodland, wooded grassland, and plantations, from central Cameron and adjacent southeastern Nigeria eastward to Uganda and far western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717846","ortsun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ortsun3","avibase-693FC6FD",null,null,"Landana, Enclave of Cabinda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113608#page/475/mode/1up","Cinnyris bouvieri"],["28749","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris osea","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.765","Palestine Sunbird","Palestine Sunbird","Palestine Sunbird",null,null,"patch, in bushy riversides, valleys and savannas of eastern Cameroon, southwestern Chad (Lake Chad), Central African Republic, southwestern Sudan, far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern South Sudan, and northwestern Uganda, and disjunctly Syria and Israel to Türkiye and Arabia (eastward to Oman)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717850","palsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palsun2","avibase-783E492C",null,null,"'plaines de Jericho,' Palestine.","Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux d'Asie et d'Amérique, et tableaux paralléliques des Pélagiens ou Gaviae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/775/mode/1up","Cinnyris osea"],["28750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris osea osea","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.765",null,null,null,null,null,"Syria and Israel to Türkiye and Arabia (east to Oman)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5733674A",null,null,"'plaines de Jericho,' Palestine.","Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux d'Asie et d'Amérique, et tableaux paralléliques des Pélagiens ou Gaviae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/775/mode/1up","Cinnyris osea"],["28751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris osea decorsei","Oustalet, 1905","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 10, no.8 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"very patchily distributed in eastern Cameroon, southwestern Chad (Lake Chad), Central African Republic, southwestern Sudan, far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern South Sudan, and northwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-230BA483",null,null,"Chari-Lake Chad region.","Catalogue des Oiseaux rapportés par la Mission Chari-Lac Tchad (Deuxième partie).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137056#page/546/mode/1up","Cinnyris decorsei"],["28752","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris habessinicus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.a p.3, pl.4","Abyssinian Sunbird","Abyssinian Sunbird","Shining Sunbird","2025-1005","Taxon <em>hellmayri </em>(polytypic, including <em>kinneari</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Cinnyris habessinicus</em> based on differences in male and female plumages, larger size, and reportedly different vocalizations (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018). Formal bioacoustic and genetic analyses would be informative.","lowland to montane arid thornscrub, rocky hillside, dry wadis, and gardens, from southeastern Egypt and northeastern Sudan southward to northeastern Uganda and central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103803926","shisun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shisun3","avibase-688582BF",null,null,"'ex ora Habessiniae ad Eilet,' i.e., Eilet in Eritrea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/13/mode/1up","Nectarinia (Cinnyris) habessinica"],["28753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris habessinicus habessinicus","(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828)","Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig.a p.3, pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Red Sea Province of Sudan to Eritrea and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EEF254B",null,null,"'ex ora Habessiniae ad Eilet,' i.e., Eilet in Eritrea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/189249#page/13/mode/1up","Nectarinia (Cinnyris) habessinica"],["28754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris habessinicus alter","Neumann, 1906","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Somalia to Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA995191",null,null,"Harrar and North Somaliland; restricted to Erigavo, lat. 10° 40' N., long. 47° 25' E., 6,500 ft., by Williams, 1955, Condor, 57, p. 252.","Diagnosen neuer afrikanischer Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/21/mode/1up","Cinnyris habessinicus alter"],["28755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris habessinicus turkanae","Van Someren, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, southwestern Somalia, northeastern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62A71CD5",null,null,"Kohua River, Lake Rudolf, Turkana, Kenya.","Descriptions of new forms from East Africa and Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/362/mode/1up","Cinnyris habessinicus turkanae"],["28756","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris hellmayri","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.29","Arabian Sunbird","Arabian Sunbird","Arabian Sunbird","2025-1005","Taxon <em>hellmayri </em>(polytypic, including <em>kinneari</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>Cinnyris habessinicus</em> based on differences in male and female plumages, larger size, and reportedly different vocalizations (Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018). Formal bioacoustic and genetic analyses would be informative.","scrub in wadis and hillsides in the western Arabian Peninsula from northern Saudi Arabia southward to Yemen and western Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804002","shisun4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shisun4","avibase-36D2C0CD",null,null,"mountains north of Lahadsch (i.e., Lahej).","Drei neue Formen aus Süd-Arabien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/45/mode/1up","Cinnyris habessinica hellmayri"],["28757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris hellmayri kinneari","Bates, 1935","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"western Saudi Arabia (Asir to Hejaz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4EBAFDF",null,null,"near Sail (east of Mecca) .","On a new Race of Cinnyris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/158/mode/1up","Cinnyris habessinicus kinneari"],["28758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris hellmayri hellmayri","Neumann, 1904","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Saudi Arabia and Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9861FEA9",null,null,"mountains north of Lahadsch (i.e., Lahej).","Drei neue Formen aus Süd-Arabien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/45/mode/1up","Cinnyris habessinica hellmayri"],["28759","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris coccinigastrus","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xxxv","Splendid Sunbird","Splendid Sunbird","Splendid Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, secondary forest, dry thornscrub, savanna, riverine woodland, plantations, and gardens, from Senegambia eastward to southern South Sudan and Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718027","splsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/splsun2","avibase-48EC6C78",null,null,"Africa ; restricted to Senegal by Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb., 32, p. 71.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/41/mode/1up","Certhia coccinigastra"],["28760","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris johannae","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.314","Johanna's Sunbird","Johanna's Sunbird","Johanna's Sunbird",null,null,"lowland rainforest, plantations and gardens, from Sierra Leone eastward to Ghana and adjacent Togo, and from southeastern Nigeria eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718031","johsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/johsun2","avibase-3D3EF8AC",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/336/mode/1up","Cinnyris johannae"],["28761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris johannae fasciatus","(Jardine & Fraser, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Benin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBC006A1",null,null,"near Abomey, or near Old Calabar, West. Africa","Birds of Western Africa. Collections of L. Fraser, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/85/mode/1up","Nectarinia fasciata"],["28762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris johannae johannae","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria and southern Cameroon to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AE9DE36",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voy. p. 257.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/336/mode/1up","Cinnyris johannae"],["28763","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris superbus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8 pt1 p.193","Superb Sunbird","Superb Sunbird","Superb Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill primary and secondary forest, wooded savanna, plantations, and mangroves, from Sierra Leone eastward through Central African Republic and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania, and southward to Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718035","supsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/supsun2","avibase-7C8BC7CF",null,null,"Malimba [Portuguese Congo] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/263/mode/1up","Certhia superba"],["28764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris superbus ashantiensis","Bannerman, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Togo and (?) Benin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BF7A685",null,null,"Ashanti, Gold Coast [Ghana]","Descriptions of new races of Sun-birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/413/mode/1up","Cinnyris superbus ashantiensis"],["28765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris superbus nigeriae","(Rand & Traylor, 1959)","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AF07FDB",null,null,"If on, Ondo, Nigeria.","Three New Birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21634#page/10/mode/1up","Nectarinia superba nigeriae"],["28766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris superbus superbus","(Shaw, 1809)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8 pt1 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon eastward to Democratic Republic of the Congo (except northeastern) and southward to western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-616AAA85",null,null,"Malimba [Portuguese Congo] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/263/mode/1up","Certhia superba"],["28767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris superbus buvuma","Van Someren, 1932","Novitates Zoologicae 37 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo through western Kenya and southward to northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11E94C7B",null,null,"Buvuma Island, Lake Victoria.","Birds of Kenya and Uganda, being Addenda and Corridenda to my previous paper in Novitates Zoologicae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22933#page/382/mode/1up","C[innyris] superbus buvuma"],["28768","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris rufipennis","(Jensen, 1983)","Ibis vol.125 p.447","Rufous-winged Sunbird","Rufous-winged Sunbird","Rufous-winged Sunbird",null,null,"local in foothill to submontane undisturbed primary forest in Udzungwa Mountains (south-central Tanzania)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717954","ruwsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwsun2","avibase-E3B9A841",null,null,"Mwanihana Forest Reserve, a rain forest on the eastern scarp of Uzungwa Mountains, eastern Tanzania, at 1000 m","A new species of sunbird from Tanzania.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1983.tb03140.x","Nectarinia rufipennis"],["28769","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris oustaleti","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.254","Oustalet's Sunbird","Oustalet's Sunbird","Oustalet's Sunbird",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland miombo woodland, scrub and secondary growth, in west-central Angola and in northeastern Zambia and southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717841","oussun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oussun2","avibase-F2C131F9",null,null,"Caconda, Huila, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/266/mode/1up","Nectarinia oustaleti"],["28770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris oustaleti oustaleti","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Angola (Huila to Cuanza Sul and northern Bie)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9D3D001",null,null,"Caconda, Huila, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/266/mode/1up","Nectarinia oustaleti"],["28771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris oustaleti rhodesiae","Benson, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.8 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zambia to Malawi and far southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-406CD005",null,null,"Kasama, Northern Rhodesia.","New Forms of Pipit, Longclaw, Robin-Chat, Grass-Warbler, Sunbird, Quail-Finch and Canary from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/152/mode/1up","Cinnyris oustaleti rhodesiae"],["28772","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris talatala","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.53","White-bellied Sunbird","White-bellied Sunbird","White-breasted Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry savanna woodland, miombo or mopane woodland, riverine forest, and gardens, from western and southern Angola eastward through Zambia to southern Tanzania, and southward to northern Namibia, Botswana, and eastern South Africa; some seasonal dispersal with austral summer rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717836","whbsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsun2","avibase-8D3818DB",null,null,"between Orange River and Kurrichaine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/133/mode/1up","Cinnyris talatala"],["28773","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris venustus","(Shaw, 1799)","The naturalist's miscellany 10, no.6 pl.369,text adP","Variable Sunbird","Variable Sunbird","Variable Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane thornscrub, savanna, miombo woodland, mangroves, and gardens, from Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and southward (except Congolian rainforest), to western Angola, eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717826","varsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varsun2","avibase-8E9E45B5",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124636#page/133/mode/1up","Certhia venusta"],["28774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris venustus venustus","(Shaw, 1799)","The naturalist's miscellany 10, no.6 pl.369,text adP",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to northern Cameroon and Ubangi-Shari",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96F5298D",null,null,"Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124636#page/133/mode/1up","Certhia venusta"],["28775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris venustus fazoqlensis","(Heuglin, 1874)","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 2 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Sudan to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86A974F5",null,null,"Quamsmil and Singue south of Fazogl (op. cit., 1, pp. 233-234).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105460#page/330/mode/1up","Nectarinia fazoglensis"],["28776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris venustus albiventris","(Strickland, 1852)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.42-43, pl. 86",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to Somalia and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D81AC961",null,null,"Ras Hafun, Italian Somaliland.","Ornithological Notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/60/mode/1up","Nectarinia albiventris"],["28777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris venustus falkensteini","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to northern Angola, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35BCEC58",null,null,"Lake Navasha, 1,500-2,000 m.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/68/mode/1up","Cinnyris falkensteini"],["28778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris venustus igneiventris","Reichenow, 1899","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD3BFD8A",null,null,"Karagwe, Tanganyika.","Nachprüfung einiger afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Cinnyris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/187/mode/1up","Cinnyris igneiventris"],["28779","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris fuscus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.506","Dusky Sunbird","Dusky Sunbird","Dusky Sunbird",null,null,"lowland semiarid coastal plain, acacia scrub, and gardens, from southwestern Angola and Namibia southward to southwestern Botswana and western and central South Africa; some irruptive movements",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717950","dussun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dussun2","avibase-427683B4",null,null,"Great Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/526/mode/1up","Cinnyris fuscus"],["28780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris fuscus fuscus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 31 p.506",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and Botswana to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E039A117",null,null,"Great Namaqualand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109205#page/526/mode/1up","Cinnyris fuscus"],["28781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris fuscus inclusus","(Clancey, 1970)","Durban Museum Novitates 9, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA7C8D02",null,null,"Lucira, Moçâmedes, Angola. Taken at sea level. 12 November, 1969. Collected by A. M. Ferreira","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 30. Two new subspecies of passerine birds from western Angola.","https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1397","Nectarinia fusca inclusa"],["28782","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ursulae","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.38","Ursula's Sunbird","Ursula's Sunbird","Ursula's Sunbird",null,null,"foothill to submontane primary and secondary forest, and forest edge, in highlands of southwestern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717831","urssun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/urssun2","avibase-6781CD7F",null,null,"Mt. St. Ysabel, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of thirty-three new species and two new genera from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/410/mode/1up","Cyanomitra ursulae"],["28783","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris batesi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.19","Bates's Sunbird","Bates's Sunbird","Bates's Sunbird",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill primary forest, cultivation with tall trees, and secondary growth, from Liberia eastward through southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to northwestern Angola and far northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717687","batsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batsun2","avibase-DD180188",null,null,"River Ja, Cameroons, and Camma River, Gaboon.","Description of two new species of Sunbird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/391/mode/1up","Cinnyris batesi"],["28784","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris cupreus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.201","Copper Sunbird","Copper Sunbird","Copper Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to montane savanna, open woodland, swamps, mangroves, and gardens, from southwestern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to western Ethiopia, and southward through Gabon, western Kenya, and western Tanzania, to western Angola, northern Botswana, northern Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique; partially migratory in West Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717945","copsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/copsun2","avibase-1F21FFE9",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/275/mode/1up","Certhia cuprea"],["28785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris cupreus cupreus","(Shaw, 1812)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 8, pt1 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, and Sierra Leone eastward to Cameroon, Central African Republic, southern Sudan, South Sudan, western Ethiopia, Uganda, and western Kenya (west of the Rift Valley), and from Gabon and far northwestern Angola (Cabinda) eastward to Democratic Republic of the Congo (except southeastern) and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F99D9C23",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64421#page/275/mode/1up","Certhia cuprea"],["28786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris cupreus chalceus","(Hartlaub, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.337-338, 341",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola (except Cabinda), southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, southwestern Tanzania, Malawi, northeastern Namibia (Caprivi Strip), northern Botswana (Chobe National Park, Kasane), central Mozambique, and northern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85AC2DF7",null,null,"Cambambe, Quanza River, Angola.","Notes on Birds collected in Angola in 1861.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/379/mode/1up","Nectarinia chalcea"],["28787","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris asiaticus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.288","Purple Sunbird","Purple Sunbird","Purple Sunbird",null,null,"lowland to submontane flowering shrubs and trees in deciduous forest, thornscrub, cultivation, and gardens, from southeastern Arabian Peninsula and southern Iran eastward through Indian subcontinent, and Sri Lanka, to south-central China and Vietnam, and southward to southern Myanmar and adjacent Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717855","pursun4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pursun4","avibase-E9BCF764",null,null,"India; restricted to Gurgaon by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 3, p. 396.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/310/mode/1up","Certhia asiatica"],["28788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris asiaticus brevirostris","(Blanford, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.9 p.86-87",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Arabia and southeastern Iran to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3963D2D6",null,null,"[Persian] Baluchistan near Jalk, Dizak, Bampur, etc.","Descriptions of new Species of Nectarinia, Sitta, and Parus from Persia and Baluchistan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/108/mode/1up","Nectarinia (Arachnechthra) brevirostris"],["28789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris asiaticus asiaticus","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A085A2A",null,null,"India; restricted to Gurgaon by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 3, p. 396.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/310/mode/1up","Certhia asiatica"],["28790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris asiaticus intermedius","(Hume, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.23 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"Bangladesh to Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C011F431",null,null,"Tipperah, eastern Bengal.","[Letter from Allan Hume, February 2nd, 1870].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/458/mode/1up","A[rachnechthra] intermedia"],["28791","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus","Lesson, 1827","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.15","Ornate Sunbird","Ornate Sunbird",null,"2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","Myanmar to Thailand, Cambodia and northern Malayan Peninsula (southward to Penang), Andaman and Nicobar islands, and Greater and most Lesser sundas",null,null,null,"olbsun4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun4","avibase-8885A375",null,null,"Java (based on Temminck, 1823, pl. Col., pl. 138, figs. 1 and 2) .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/21/mode/1up","Cinnyris ornatus"],["28792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus andamanicus","(Hume, 1873)","Stray Feathers 1, no.5 p.404-406",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands (Bay of Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3631C912",null,null,"Andaman Group.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94983#page/432/mode/1up","Arachnechthra andamanica"],["28793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus proselius","Oberholser, 1923","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 13, no.11 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Car Nicobar Island (Bay of Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-588D1915",null,null,"Car Nicobar Island.","Descriptions of new East Indian Nectariniidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45083#page/238/mode/1up","Cinnyris ornata proselia"],["28794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus klossi","(Richmond, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25, no.1288 p.297-298",null,null,null,null,null,"Great Nicobar Island (Bay of Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A7A1EEB",null,null,"Great Nicobar.","Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32399#page/329/mode/1up","Arachnechthra klossi"],["28795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus blanfordi","(Stuart Baker, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Kondul (southern Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA1BAF36",null,null,"Kondol Is., Nicobars","new subspecies of Sunbirds (Nectariniidae)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/101/mode/1up","Cyrtostomus pectoralis blanfordi"],["28796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus rhizophorae","(Swinhoe, 1869)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.24 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southern Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan) and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE4D89D5",null,null,"Hainan.","LII. Descriptions of two new Species of Sun-birds from the Island of Hainan, South China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/450/mode/1up","Arachnechthra rhizophorae"],["28797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus flammaxillaris","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.557,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar to Thailand, Cambodia and northern Malayan Peninsula (south to Penang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65CFE252",null,null,"Tenasserim Provinces.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/103/mode/1up","Nectarinia flammaxillaris"],["28798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus ornatus","Lesson, 1827","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sundas, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-847DF5B8",null,null,"Java (based on Temminck, 1823, pl. Col., pl. 138, figs. 1 and 2) .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/21/mode/1up","Cinnyris ornatus"],["28799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris ornatus polyclystus","Oberholser, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.7 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Enggano Island (off western Sumatra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31524CF5",null,null,"Engano Island. [Enggano Island, W. Sumatra]","Descriptions of one hundred and four new species and sub-species of birds from the Barussan Islands and Sumatra.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/136/mode/1up","Cinnyris ornata polyclysta"],["28800","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris infrenatus","Hartert, 1903","Novitates Zoologicae 10, no.1 p.29","Tukangbesi Sunbird","Tukangbesi Sunbird",null,"2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","Wakatobi (Tukangbesi) Islands (off southeastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,"olbsun23","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun23","avibase-4780F291",null,null,"Tomia, Tukang Besi Islands.","On the Birds collected on the Tukang-Besi Islands and Buton, south-east of Celebes, by Mr. Heinrich Kühn.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53699#page/43/mode/1up","Cinnyris infrenata"],["28801","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris frenatus","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.173","Sahul Sunbird","Sahul Sunbird",null,"2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","varied lowland habitats from Sulawesi and satellite islands (except Wakatobi) through northern Moluccas, New Guinea and satellite islands, northern Australia, and throughout the Solomon Islands eastward to Makira (southeastern Solomon Islands)",null,null,null,"olbsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun2","avibase-955B9257",null,null,"west coast of New Guinea; restricted to Lobo, Triton Bay, by Mathews, 1927, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 733.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/189/mode/1up","Nectarinia frenata"],["28802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris frenatus plateni","(Blasius, 1885)","Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 2 p.289, pl. 12",null,null,null,"2026-068","Cinnyris frenatus saleyerensis (Hartert, 1897) is recognized as a subspecies separate from <em>C. f. plateni</em> based on differences in plumage following Eaton et al (2021). Although some variability is present, the Selayar birds are noted for their consistently paler, lemon-yellow underparts (Eaton &amp; Rheindt 2017).","Sulawesi, Sangihe, Talaud, and adjacent smaller islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EF2186B",null,null,"southern Celebes.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127802#page/299/mode/1up","Cyrtostomus frenatus var. plateni"],["28803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris frenatus saleyerensis","Hartert, 1897","Novitates Zoologicae 4, no.1 p.156",null,null,null,"2026-068","Cinnyris frenatus saleyerensis (Hartert, 1897) is recognized as a subspecies separate from <em>C. f. plateni</em> based on differences in plumage following Eaton et al (2021). Although some variability is present, the Selayar birds are noted for their consistently paler, lemon-yellow underparts (Eaton &amp; Rheindt 2017).","Selayar Island (south of Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-922FBA73",null,null,"Saleyer Island.","Mr. William Doherty's bird-collections from Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22555#page/172/mode/1up","Cinnyris frenata saleyerensis"],["28804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris frenatus robustirostris","(Mees, 1964)","Zoologische Verhandelingen 66 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Banggai and Sula islands (off eastern Sulawesi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-019A4E1C",null,null,"Soela Besi.","Notes on two small collections of birds from New Guinea.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317856","Nectarinia jugularis robustirostris"],["28805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris frenatus frenatus","(Müller, 1843)","Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Zoologie Land-Volk. p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas, New Guinea including Raja Ampat and Aru islands, and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula to Bundaberg, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E04718A",null,null,"west coast of New Guinea; restricted to Lobo, Triton Bay, by Mathews, 1927, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 733.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258134#page/189/mode/1up","Nectarinia frenata"],["28806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris frenatus flavigastra","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16FF7936",null,null,"New Ireland.","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/472/mode/1up","Nectarinia flavigastra"],["28807","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris jugularis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.185","Garden Sunbird","Garden Sunbird",null,"2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","Philippines (except Palawan group)",null,null,null,"olbsun31","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun31","avibase-0643F17D",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/189/mode/1up","Certhia jugularis"],["28808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris jugularis obscurior","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (montane forest of northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1634B15",null,null,"northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Cinnyris obscurior"],["28809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris jugularis jugularis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Luzon, and central and southern Philippine Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E89E711C",null,null,"Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/189/mode/1up","Certhia jugularis"],["28810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris jugularis woodi","(Mearns, 1909)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-442811B1",null,null,"one of the 'Three Islands' south of Sibutu Island, Sulu Archipelago.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/552/mode/1up","Cyrtostomus jugularis woodi"],["28811","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris aurora","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.3 p.620","Palawan Sunbird","Palawan Sunbird",null,"2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","varied lowland habitats in Palawan and satellite islands; also Cuyo Archipelago and Cagayan group in Sulu Sea (all in southwestern Philippines)",null,null,null,"olbsun6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun6","avibase-29AC81C3",null,null,"Puerto Princesa, Palawan.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the island of Palawan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/206/mode/1up","Cyrtostomus aurora"],["28812","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris clementiae","Lesson, 1827","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.18","South Moluccan Sunbird","South Moluccan Sunbird",null,"2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","varied lowland habitats of southern Moluccas from Buru eastward through Seram and the Kai Islands",null,null,null,"olbsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun1","avibase-10F11D12",null,null,"Soya Mountains, Amboine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/24/mode/1up","Cinnyris clementiae"],["28813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris clementiae buruensis","Hartert, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Buru Island (southern Moluccas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38A5EFDA",null,null,"Bara, Buru Island.","Exhibition and descriptions of three new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/40/mode/1up","Cinnyris zenobia buruensis"],["28814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris clementiae clementiae","Lesson, 1827","Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 39 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, and adjacent islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A5ADFB",null,null,"Soya Mountains, Amboine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81589#page/24/mode/1up","Cinnyris clementiae"],["28815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris clementiae keiensis","Stresemann, 1913","Novitates Zoologicae 20, no.2 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"Kai Islands (Kai Kecil, Kai Besar, Ohimas, and Add)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6D2B1E2",null,null,"Add (on Great Key Island [=NuhuJud]).","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53817#page/329/mode/1up","Cinnyris clementiae keiensis"],["28816","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris teysmanni","Büttikofer, 1893","Notes from the Leyden Museum XV, Note XXVII p.179-180","Flores Sea Sunbird","Flores Sea Sunbird",null,"2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","Tanahjampea, Kalao, Bonerate, Kalaotoa, and Madu islands",null,null,null,"olbsun8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun8","avibase-10FCE777",null,null,"'Macassar' ; error = Djampea, fide Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 168.","On two new species of birds from South Celebes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46734#page/191/mode/1up","Cinnyris teysmanni"],["28817","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris idenburgi","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.12","Mamberamo Sunbird","Mamberamo Sunbird","Rand's Sunbird","2025-0865","The <em>Cinnyris jugularis</em> complex is divided into eight species based on a combination of vocal, plumage, and mitochondrial DNA (Lohman et al. 2010; Marcaigh et al. 2023) differences: <em>C. ornatus</em>; <em>C. jugularis</em>; <em>C. aurora</em>; <em>C. frenatus</em>; <em>C. infrenatus</em>; <em>C. teysmanni</em>; <em>C. clementiae</em>; and <em>C. idenburgi</em>. A comprehensive taxonomic analysis including all taxa would be desirable.","northwestern New Guinea and Sepik Ramu",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804169","olbsun9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbsun9","avibase-B9D5E209",null,null,"Bernhard Camp, 50 m., Idenburg River, north New Guinea.","Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New birds from the 1938-1939 Expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Cinnyris jugularis idenburgi"],["28818","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris buettikoferi","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.581","Apricot-breasted Sunbird","Apricot-breasted Sunbird","Apricot-breasted Sunbird",null,null,"lowlands of Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717801","apbsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apbsun2","avibase-CAA420CC",null,null,"Sumba Island.","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/633/mode/1up","Cinnyris büttikoferi"],["28819","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris solaris","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.58, vol.4 pl.347 fig.3","Flame-breasted Sunbird","Flame-breasted Sunbird","Flame-breasted Sunbird",null,null,"wooded habitats including gardens in lowlands and hills of main Lesser Sundas from Sumbawa eastward through Timor (except Sumba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717805","flbsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flbsun2","avibase-AB27B1A6",null,null,"Amboine ; error = Timor, see Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 214.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/199/mode/1up","Nectarinia Solaris"],["28820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris solaris exquisitus","Hartert, 1904","Novitates Zoologicae 11, no.1 p.214-215",null,null,null,null,null,"Wetar (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B46D35E",null,null,"Wetter Island.","The Birds of the South-West Islands Wetter, Roma, Kisser, Letti and Moa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181#page/228/mode/1up","Cinnyris solaris exquisita"],["28821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris solaris solaris","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.58, vol.4 pl.347 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumbawa eastward to Timor (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF8CA197",null,null,"Amboine ; error = Timor, see Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 214.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/199/mode/1up","Nectarinia Solaris"],["28822","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris sovimanga","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.471 spdP","Souimanga Sunbird","Souimanga Sunbird","Souimanga Sunbird",null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles) and Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717808","sousun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sousun2","avibase-D7C2EAB8",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/483/mode/1up","Certhia sovimanga"],["28823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris sovimanga sovimanga","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.471 spdP",null,null,null,null,null,"Îles Glorieuses and Madagascar (except southwestern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-877CD661",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/483/mode/1up","Certhia sovimanga"],["28824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris sovimanga apolis","Hartert, 1920","Novitates Zoologicae 27, no.2 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"subdesert of southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB57E649",null,null,"west coast of Madagascar.","Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22600#page/510/mode/1up","Cinnyris souimanga apolis"],["28825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris sovimanga aldabrensis","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1008 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"Aldabra (southwestern Seychelles) Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D030A65D",null,null,"Aldabra Island [Seychelles].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/410/mode/1up","Cinnyris aldabrensis"],["28826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris sovimanga abbotti","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1008 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"Assomption Island (Aldabra Group, southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D14E6008",null,null,"Assumption Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/410/mode/1up","Cinnyris abbotti"],["28827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris sovimanga buchenorum","Williams, 1953","Ibis vol.95, no.3 p.502 pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Cosmoledo Atoll (Aldabra Group, southwestern Seychelles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5551BDBA",null,null,"Menai Island, lat. 9° 41' 20' S., long. 47° 32' 12' E., Cosmoledo Islands, Aldabra Archipelago, Indian Ocean.",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1953.tb00710.x","Cinnyris sovimanga buchenorum"],["28828","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris notatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.99","Malagasy Green Sunbird","Malagasy Sunbird",null,"2025-1008","Taxa <em>moebii </em>and <em>voeltzkowi </em>are treated as subspecies of <em>Cinnyris notatus</em> based on mitochondrial DNA divergences (Warren et al. 2003), combined with minor differences in size and male plumage (Safford &amp; Hawkins 2013). Evidence from vocalizations or genomic DNA will be needed to support a split.","western Comoros and Madagascar",null,null,null,"madsun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madsun1","avibase-DFB0693C",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/119/mode/1up","Certhia notatus"],["28829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris notatus notatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EDC0A7A",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/119/mode/1up","Certhia notatus"],["28830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris notatus moebii","Reichenow, 1887","Zoologischer Anzeiger 143 p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro Island (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFE7E27F",null,null,"Great Comoro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36970#page/382/mode/1up","Cinnyris möbii"],["28831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris notatus voeltzkowi","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"Mohéli Island (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED0E14EA",null,null,"'Mayotte' ; corrected to Moheli by Reichenow, 1908, Vogel von Inseln Ostafrikas, p. 190, in Voeltzkow, Reise Ostafrika Jahren 1903-05, see Benson, 1960, Ibis, 103b, p. 92.","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/195/mode/1up","Cinnyris völtzkowi"],["28832","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris dussumieri","(Hartlaub, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.340","Seychelles Sunbird","Seychelles Sunbird","Seychelles Sunbird",null,null,"Seychelles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717754","seysun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seysun2","avibase-8449EA0A",null,null,"Seychelle Islands.","Drei neue africanische Vögel der Pariser Sammlung.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/352/mode/1up","Nectarinia dussumieri"],["28833","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris humbloti","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.220","Humblot's Sunbird","Humblot's Sunbird","Humblot's Sunbird",null,null,"western Comoros",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717813","humsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/humsun2","avibase-308AEC0F",null,null,"Great Comoro.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/226/mode/1up","Cinnyris humbloti"],["28834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris humbloti humbloti","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Comoro (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4C7420F",null,null,"Great Comoro.","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/226/mode/1up","Cinnyris humbloti"],["28835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris humbloti mohelicus","Stresemann & Grote, 1926","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"Mohéli (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49167AA4",null,null,"Moheli.","Cinnyris humbloti mohelica subsp. nov..","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_34_0146-0151.pdf#page=2","Cinnyris humbloti mohelica"],["28836","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris comorensis","Peters, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.69 p.161","Anjouan Sunbird","Anjouan Sunbird","Anjouan Sunbird",null,null,"Anjouan (Comoros)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717817","anjsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anjsun2","avibase-0D9CEEA0",null,null,"Insula Comorensis Anjoana [=Nzwani, Comoros]","Ueber eine neue Cinnyris-Art von den Comoren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/173/mode/1up","Cinnyris comorensis"],["28837","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris coquerellii","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.90","Mayotte Sunbird","Mayotte Sunbird","Mayotte Sunbird",null,null,"Mayotte and satellite islands (Comoros)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717822","maysun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maysun2","avibase-A3D7FDD3",null,null,"no locality; Mayotte Island designated by Schlegel, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 421.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/102/mode/1up","Nectarinia coquerellii"],["28838","species","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris lotenius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.188","Loten's Sunbird","Loten's Sunbird","Loten's Sunbird",null,null,"deciduous woodland, dry scrub, and adjacent gardens in western Peninsular India, from southernmost Gujarat, and eastern India, from southeastern West Bengal, southwards to southern Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and in Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22717862","lobsun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobsun2","avibase-2088177F",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/192/mode/1up","Certhia lotenia"],["28839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris lotenius hindustanicus","Whistler, 1944","Spolia Zeylanica 23 (3/4) p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"southern India southward from northern Maharashtra and central Andhra Pradesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E39F7CC5",null,null,"Kumta, North Kanara, southern India.","The avifaunal survey of Ceylon conducted jointly by the British and Colombo Museums.",null,"Cinnyris lotenia hindustanicus"],["28840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Nectariniidae","Spiderhunters and Sunbirds","Cinnyris lotenius lotenius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E35BCFD",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/192/mode/1up","Certhia lotenia"],["28841","family","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropseidae",null,null,"Leafbirds","Leafbirds","Leafbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"chloro5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chloro5/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28842","genus","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis","Jardine & Selby, 1826","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.1 pl.5, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Turdus cochinchinensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/45/mode/1up","Chloropsis"],["28843","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis venusta","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.396","Blue-masked Leafbird","Blue-masked Leafbird","Blue-masked Leafbird",null,null,"foothills of Sumatra",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704969","blmlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blmlea1","avibase-2A6A63B9",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/616/mode/1up","Phyllornis venusta"],["28844","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis hardwickii","Jardine & Selby, 1830","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 addenda p.131","Orange-bellied Leafbird","Orange-bellied Leafbird",null,"2025-0778","Taxon <em>lazulina </em>(polytypic, including <em>melliana</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Chloropsis hardwickii</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although differentiated based on mitochondrial DNA (Moltesen et al. 2012), plumage differences are inconsistent over broad areas, and vocalizations are complex. Further research is needed, especially in areas where intergradation occurs.","Himalayas (from Uttarakhand) and hills south of Brahmaputra through eastern China (including Hainan), and mountains of southeastern Asia",null,null,null,"orblea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orblea1","avibase-1CC565B8",null,null,"Nepaul, India [=Nepal].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/357/mode/1up","Chloropsis Hardwickii"],["28845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis hardwickii hardwickii","Jardine & Selby, 1830","Illustrations of ornithology 2, pt.7 addenda p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southeastern Tibet and southwestern China (Yunnan), Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, and northern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD4513CE",null,null,"Nepaul, India [=Nepal].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122924#page/357/mode/1up","Chloropsis Hardwickii"],["28846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis hardwickii malayana","Robinson & Kloss, 1923","Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D56DD66",null,null,"Mt. Ijau, Perak.","Eleven new Oriental Birds.",null,"Chloropsis hardwickei malayana"],["28847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis hardwickii melliana","Stresemann, 1923","Journal für Ornithologie 71, no.2-3 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern China (Guizhou and Guangxi eastward to Zhejiang) to central Laos and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01C266E2",null,null,"Siu-hang, Kwangtung.","Neue Formen aus Süd-China.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02012813","Chloropsis hardwickii melliana"],["28848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis hardwickii lazulina","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.22 p.255-256",null,null,null,null,null,"Hainan (southeastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-843AEC88",null,null,"Hainan.","On the Ornithology of Hainan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/277/mode/1up","Phyllornis lazulina"],["28849","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis jerdoni","(Blyth, 1844)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.1, no.149 p.392,text","Jerdon's Leafbird","Jerdon's Leafbird","Jerdon's Leafbird",null,null,"Peninsular India and Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732257","jerlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jerlea1","avibase-6D18F47F",null,null,"central India.","Appendix to Mr. Blyth's Report for December Meeting 1842. (Continued from vol. xii, p. 1011.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123800#page/582/mode/1up","Phyllornis jerdoni"],["28850","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis kinabaluensis","Sharpe, 1887","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.20 p.445","Bornean Leafbird","Bornean Leafbird","Bornean Leafbird",null,null,"upland forest of northern Borneo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732262","borlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/borlea1","avibase-04A9DF5B",null,null,"Kina Balu, Borneo [=Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia]","Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John Whitehead on the Mountain of Kina Balu, in Northern Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/501/mode/1up","Chloropsis kinabaluensis"],["28851","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis cochinchinensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.825","Javan Leafbird","Javan Leafbird","Javan Leafbird","2025-0777","Taxon <em>moluccensis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Chloropsis cochinchinensis</em> (monotypic) based on a combination of plumage and mitochondrial DNA evidence (Moltesen et al. 2012).","Java",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103775551","buwlea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwlea2","avibase-5BCF3089",null,null,"Cochinchina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/326/mode/1up","Turdus cochinchinensis"],["28852","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis moluccensis","Gray, 1831","The zoological miscellany 1 p.33-34","Blue-winged Leafbird","Blue-winged Leafbird","Blue-winged Leafbird","2025-0777","Taxon <em>moluccensis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Chloropsis cochinchinensis</em> (monotypic) based on a combination of plumage and mitochondrial DNA evidence (Moltesen et al. 2012).","lowland to foothill broadleaf evergreen and mixed deciduous forest, forest edge, secondary growth, and rural gardens, from northeastern India (southern Assam and southern Arunachal Pradesh) and far northeastern Bangladesh eastward to south-central China and southeastern Asia, and southward to Sumatra, Borneo, and some satellite islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103775599","blwlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwlea1","avibase-47CF4ED7",null,null,"Molucca = Malacca.","Description of five new species of Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/45/mode/1up","Chloropsis moluccensis"],["28853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis moluccensis chlorocephala","(Walden, 1871)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.7, no.39 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (from Meghalaya and central Assam) and eastern Bangladesh eastward to western Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20A8E0CD",null,null,"Tounghoo.","XXIX. Descriptions of three new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78387#page/255/mode/1up","Phyllornis chlorocephalus"],["28854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis moluccensis kinneari","Hall & Deignan, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.6 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Yunnan) to eastern Thailand and northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B5B4A25",null,null,"Bao-Ha, Tonkin.","A New Race of Leafbird from Indochina.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/134/mode/1up","Chloropsis cochinchinensis kinneari"],["28855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis moluccensis auropectus","Wells, Dickinson & Dekker, 2003","Zoologische Verhandelingen 344 25-42.",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-572AA4CD",null,null,"Tay-Ninh, S Vietnam, co-ordinates 10°41'N, 106°07'E (BMNH 1928.6.26.992)","Systematic notes on Asian birds. 36. A preliminary review of the Chloropseidae and Irenidae","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/220220","Chloropsis cochinchinensis auropectus"],["28856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis moluccensis serithai","Deignan, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.12 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Thai-Malay Peninsula southward from Isthmus of Kra, including far southern Myanmar, to Perlis, Malaysia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5F4D7C3",null,null,"Ban-Tha-Lo, southwest of Surat Thani, Peninsular Siam.","Descriptions of two new Leafbirds from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/383/mode/1up","Chloropsis cochinchinensis seri-thai"],["28857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis moluccensis moluccensis","Gray, 1831","The zoological miscellany 1 p.33-34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malayan Peninsula from around Pattani southward, and Sumatra and associated islands Bangka and Belitung, and the Natuna Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61933FA0",null,null,"Molucca = Malacca.","Description of five new species of Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/45/mode/1up","Chloropsis moluccensis"],["28858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis moluccensis viridinucha","(Sharpe, 1877)","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.1 p.15-16",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo, except far north",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F772F694",null,null,"Bintulu and Tagora, Sarawak.","Contributions to the Ornithology of Borneo. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/53/mode/1up","Phyllornis viridinucha"],["28859","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis aurifrons","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.81, vol.4 pl.484","Golden-fronted Leafbird","Golden-fronted Leafbird","Golden-fronted Leafbird",null,null,"lowland to foothill broadleaf and deciduous forest, forest edge, secondary growth with flowering trees, bamboo scrub, and plantations, in northern India from Himachal Pradesh eastward through Himalayas to south-central China and Vietnam, and southward to Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, and southern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734342","goflea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goflea1","avibase-5FEE1D85",null,null,"Sumatra. Restricted to India: Cachar by Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 41, 1920, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/279/mode/1up","Phyllornis aurifrons"],["28860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis aurifrons aurifrons","(Temminck, 1829)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.81, vol.4 pl.484",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Indian Subcontinent (eastward in Himalayan foothills from Himachal Pradesh, southward to Odisha) and northern, western, and central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B49855D",null,null,"Sumatra. Restricted to India: Cachar by Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 41, 1920, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/279/mode/1up","Phyllornis aurifrons"],["28861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis aurifrons frontalis","(Pelzeln, 1856)","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 69, no.1 p.157, pl. 2, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"western and eastern India (southward from southern Gujarat and the Satpura Range and, in the east, from central Odisha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93862040",null,null,"Goa, India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/171/mode/1up","Phyllornis frontalis"],["28862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis aurifrons insularis","Whistler & Kinnear, 1932","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35, no.4 p.752",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33AB8F66",null,null,"Cotta, near Colombo, Ceylon.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part II.","https://ia600309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalofbomb35341932bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalofbomb35341932bomb&server=ia600309.us.archive.org&page=n409_w469","Chloropsis aurifrons insularis"],["28863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis aurifrons pridii","Deignan, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.12 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (southwestern Yunnan), eastern and southern Myanmar, northwestern and western Thailand, and northern and central Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FC325A0",null,null,"Doi Angka, north Siam.","Descriptions of two new Leafbirds from Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/384/mode/1up","Chloropsis aurifrons pridii"],["28864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis aurifrons inornata","Kloss, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.2 p.198-199",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central and eastern Thailand, southern Laos, and central Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F199F1B5",null,null,"Latbuakao and Koh-Lak, Siam.","On Birds recently collected in Siam. Part II. Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/260/mode/1up","Chloropsis aurifrons inornata"],["28865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis aurifrons incompta","Deignan, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.2 p.14-15",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and southeastern Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDE3F572",null,null,"between Dalat and Ban Methuot, southern Annam.","A miscellany of new birds from eastern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/210/mode/1up","Chloropsis aurifrons incompta"],["28866","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis media","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.396","Sumatran Leafbird","Sumatran Leafbird","Sumatran Leafbird",null,null,"Sumatra",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732267","sumlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumlea1","avibase-6B917A63",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/616/mode/1up","Phyllornis media"],["28867","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis sonnerati","Jardine & Selby, 1827","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.1 key to Chloropsis [p.11]","Greater Green Leafbird","Greater Green Leafbird","Greater Green Leafbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest, swamp forest, and black mangrove in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar and southern Thailand southwards to Singapore, and in Sumatra (including Nias, Bangka, and other satellite islands), Borneo, Natuna Islands, and Java (introduced Bali)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704950","grglea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grglea1","avibase-A0473AFB",null,null,"Java; in India, et insulis",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/39/mode/1up","Chloropsis Sonnerati"],["28868","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis sonnerati zosterops","Vigors, 1830","Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (etc.) p.674",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Tenasserim) through Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71F2CE3A",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/flipviewer/data/booksg_publish/6/6dd159de-811f-4012-9b43-01676a9c49a7/web/html5/index.html?opf=tablet/BOOKSG.xml&launchlogo=tablet/BOOKSG_BrandingLogo_.png","Chloropsis zosterops"],["28869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis sonnerati sonnerati","Jardine & Selby, 1827","Illustrations of ornithology 1, pt.1 key to Chloropsis [p.11]",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8158C84D",null,null,"Java; in India, et insulis",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122925#page/39/mode/1up","Chloropsis Sonnerati"],["28870","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis flavipennis","(Tweeddale, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.4 p.761","Philippine Leafbird","Philippine Leafbird","Philippine Leafbird",null,null,"central and southern Philippines (Cebu, Leyte, and Mindanao)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704944","philea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/philea1","avibase-E7717F1E",null,null,"Cebu.","Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Zebu.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/481/mode/1up","Phyllornis flavipennis"],["28871","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis palawanensis","(Sharpe, 1877)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.1, pt.6 p.333","Yellow-throated Leafbird","Yellow-throated Leafbird","Yellow-throated Leafbird",null,null,"southwestern Philippines (Balabac, Busuanga, Palawan, and Calamian)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704947","yetlea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetlea1","avibase-9FA8B081",null,null,"Puerto Princessa, Palawan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90111#page/455/mode/1up","Phyllornis palawanensis"],["28872","species","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis cyanopogon","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.86, vol.4 pl.512","Lesser Green Leafbird","Lesser Green Leafbird","Lesser Green Leafbird",null,null,"tropical rainforest and swamp forest in the Malayan Peninsula from southern Myanmar and southern Thailand southwards to Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo and satellite islands to the north",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704953","leglea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leglea1","avibase-3EB2B90E",null,null,"Palembang, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/283/mode/1up","Phyllornis cyanopogon"],["28873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis cyanopogon septentrionalis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 3 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Myanmar (southern Tenasserim), southwestern Thailand, and northern Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D908C389",null,null,"Non Kok, Ghirbe, Peninsular Siam.","On a collection of birds from the Province of Puket, Peninsular Siam.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45078#page/137/mode/1up","Chloropsis cyanopogon septentrionalis"],["28874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Chloropseidae","Leafbirds","Chloropsis cyanopogon cyanopogon","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.86, vol.4 pl.512",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D32ED1B",null,null,"Palembang, Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109923#page/283/mode/1up","Phyllornis cyanopogon"],["28875","family","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irenidae",null,null,"Fairy-bluebirds","Fairy-bluebirds","Fairy-bluebirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"irenid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/irenid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28876","genus","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena","Horsfield, 1821","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.153 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Coracias puella [Latham, 1790]; type by monotypy",null,"Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/172/mode/1up","Irena"],["28877","species","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena cyanogastra","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.97","Philippine Fairy-bluebird","Philippine Fairy-bluebird","Philippine Fairy-bluebird",null,null,"Philippines (except Palawan group, West Visayas, and Sulu Archipelago)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22704936","phifab1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phifab1","avibase-D27C14EE",null,null,"Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/111/mode/1up","Irena cyanogastra"],["28878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena cyanogastra cyanogastra","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Polillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-872B11EC",null,null,"Manila [Philippines]","Exhibition of a collection of Birds presented to the Society by H. H. Lindsay, Esp. of Canton, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/111/mode/1up","Irena cyanogastra"],["28879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena cyanogastra ellae","Steere, 1890","A list of the birds and mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with localities, and with brief preliminary descriptions of supposed new species p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Philippines (Bohol, Samar, and Leyte)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24CEEFDE",null,null,"Catbalogan, Samar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124277#page/22/mode/1up","Irena Ellae"],["28880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena cyanogastra hoogstraali","Rand, 1948","Fieldiana Zoology 31 (25) p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Mindanao and Dinagat)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED72D5A7",null,null,"Burungkot, Upi Municipality, Cotabato Prov., Mindanao.","Five new birds from the Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21567#page/9/mode/1up","Irena cyanogaster hoogstraali"],["28881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena cyanogastra melanochlamys","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.266-267",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Philippines (Basilan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82DD57C5",null,null,"Basilan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/284/mode/1up","Irena melanochlamys"],["28882","species","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena tweeddalii","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.268-269","Palawan Fairy-bluebird","Palawan Fairy-bluebird","Palawan Fairy-bluebird","2025-0776","Taxon <em>tweeddalii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Irena puella</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, further supported by some vocal and mitochondrial DNA evidence (Moltesen et al. 2012). Further confirmation would be desirable.","southern Philippines (Palawan, Busuanga, Balabac, Culion, and Calamian)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103775167","asifab2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asifab2","avibase-052BB649",null,null,"Balabac.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/286/mode/1up","Irena tweeddalii"],["28883","species","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena puella","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.171","Asian Fairy-bluebird","Asian Fairy-bluebird","Asian Fairy-bluebird","2025-0776","Taxon <em>tweeddalii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Irena puella</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, further supported by some vocal and mitochondrial DNA evidence (Moltesen et al. 2012). Further confirmation would be desirable.","Western and northern Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India, eastern Nepal to northern Myanmar, Andaman Islands, southeastern Asia, Malayan Peninsula, and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103775156","asfblu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asfblu1","avibase-BFC86948",null,null,"India = Travancore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/193/mode/1up","Coracias Puella"],["28884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena puella puella","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Western Ghats from southern Maharashtra southward (southwestern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-990AD03B",null,null,"India = Travancore.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/193/mode/1up","Coracias Puella"],["28885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena puella sikkimensis","Whistler & Kinnear, 1933","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nepal eastward to Myanmar and southward to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34E1B5E6",null,null,"Sukna, Darjeeling.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part V.",null,"Irena puella sikkimensis"],["28886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena puella andamanica","Abdulali, 1964","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 61(2) p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-139AE099",null,null,"Long Island, Middle Andamans [= Long Island, Middle Andaman Island.]","Four new races of birds from the Andaman and Nicobar islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186236#page/489/mode/1up","Irena puella andamanica"],["28887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena puella malayensis","Moore, 1854","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1, Appendix no.1 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Thai-Malay Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-283568EB",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/310/mode/1up","Irena malayensis"],["28888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena puella crinigera","Sharpe, 1877","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3 p.267-268",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB38832C",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34310#page/285/mode/1up","Irena criniger"],["28889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Irenidae","Fairy-bluebirds","Irena puella turcosa","Walden, 1870","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.5, no.30 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B139BB3",null,null,"Java.","XLVIII. Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from Southern Asia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55190#page/431/mode/1up","Irena turcosa"],["28890","family","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramidae",null,null,"Olive Warbler","Olive Warbler","Olive Warbler",null,null,null,null,null,null,"peuced1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peuced1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28891","genus","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramus","Coues, 1875","Report upon geographical and geological explorations and surveys west of the One Hundredth Meridian. Vol. V – Zoology 5 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia olivacea [Giraud, 1841]; type by original designation = Peucedramus giraudi J.T. Zimmer, 1948",null,null,null,"Peucedramus"],["28892","species","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramus taeniatus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.104","Olive Warbler","Olive Warbler","Olive Warbler",null,null,"breeds in montane pine forest south-central and southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico and central Nuevo León (northeastern Mexico) southward (except Yucatan Peninsula) to northwestern Nicaragua; withdraws from northernmost range in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720027","oliwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oliwar","avibase-9D945327",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to San Cristobal, Chiapas, by Brodkorb, 1944, Auk, 61, p. 404, but, as shown by Zimmer, 1948, Auk, 65, pp. 126-127, type probably came from San Pedro, Oaxaca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/750/mode/1up","Sylvia taeniata"],["28893","subspecies","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramus taeniatus arizonae","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern USA to northern Mexico (northern Chihuahua and northern Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D37BE72",null,null,"Paradise, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.","Notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Peucedramus olivaceus arizonae"],["28894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramus taeniatus jaliscensis","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northwestern Mexico (southern Chihuahua to southwestern Jalisco and Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70A205BF",null,null,"Zapotlan [= Ciudad Guzman], Jalisco.","Notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Peucedramus olivaceus jaliscensis"],["28895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramus taeniatus giraudi","Zimmer, 1948","The Auk 65, no.1 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Mexico (Jalisco to northern Puebla and west-central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B771FEB",null,null,"Texas'; emended to Las Vigas, Veracruz, by Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 183, p. 9.","The Specific Name of the Olive Warbler","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol65/iss1/20/","Peucedramus taeniatus giraudi"],["28896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramus taeniatus taeniatus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas) to western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E48FCE2A",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to San Cristobal, Chiapas, by Brodkorb, 1944, Auk, 61, p. 404, but, as shown by Zimmer, 1948, Auk, 65, pp. 126-127, type probably came from San Pedro, Oaxaca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/750/mode/1up","Sylvia taeniata"],["28897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Peucedramidae","Olive Warbler","Peucedramus taeniatus micrus","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of El Salvador, Honduras, and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-452E3360",null,null,"San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.","Notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Peucedramus olivaceus micrus"],["28898","family","Passeriformes","Urocynchramidae","Przevalski's Finch","Urocynchramidae",null,null,"Przevalski's Finch","Przevalski's Pinktail","Przevalski's Rosefinch",null,null,null,null,null,null,"urocyn1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/urocyn1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28899","genus","Passeriformes","Urocynchramidae","Przevalski's Finch","Urocynchramus","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.99 pl.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Urocynchramus pylzowi [Przevalski, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Urocynchramus"],["28900","species","Passeriformes","Urocynchramidae","Przevalski's Finch","Urocynchramus pylzowi","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.99 pl.15","Przevalski's Finch","Przevalski's Pinktail","Przevalski's Rosefinch",null,null,"mountains of western China and eastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720868","przros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/przros1","avibase-80262BF2",null,null,"sources of Tatung River, Nan Shan, northeastern Tsinghai [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Urocynchramus pylzowi"],["28901","family","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceidae",null,null,"Weavers and allies","Weavers and Allies","Weavers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"plocei1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plocei1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["28902","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7 p.98 ? Amblyospitza [no fide WJB]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyrrhula albifrons [Vigors, 1831]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/108/mode/1up","Amblyospiza"],["28903","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.92","Thick-billed Weaver","Grosbeak Weaver","Thick-billed Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane woodland near wetlands from Sierra Leone eastward to southwestern Central African Republic, and southward to western Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and from Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward through Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar), to Zambia and Mozambique, and westward to northeastern Namibia, thence southward to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719260","growea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/growea1","avibase-C7708C70",null,null,"Algoa Bay [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","Exhibition of a collection of African Birds which had been presented to the Society by Henry Ellis, Esq., of Portland Place.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/106/mode/1up","Pyrrhula albifrons"],["28904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons capitalba","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.451",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C18B865",null,null,"Afr. occid. Ashanti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/699/mode/1up","Coryphegnathus capitalba"],["28905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons saturata","Sharpe, 1908","Ibis ser.9, vol.2, no.6 p.353-354",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, northern Gabon, northern Congo, southwestern Central African Republic, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABFBB4F3",null,null,"Bitye, River Ja, Cameroons.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. With Notes by the Collector, G. L. Bates. Part VI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35543#page/413/mode/1up","Amblyospiza saturata"],["28906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons melanota","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, western and central Ethiopia, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7654A86",null,null,"country of Kitsch negroes, Bahr el Abiad [ = Shambe district of White Nile] (Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 436).","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/33/mode/1up","Coryphegnatus melanotus"],["28907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons montana","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"interior southern Kenya and Tanzania to Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BCCDBCA",null,null,"Fort Hall, Kenya.","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, descriptions of new East African species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/152/mode/1up","Amblyospiza albifrons montana"],["28908","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons unicolor","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1878)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 3 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia, coastal Kenya and Tanzania, including Zanzibar and Pemba Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FC90786",null,null,"Zanzibar (see Journ. f. Orn., 1878, p. 264).","Vereins-Angelegenheiten","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_3_I-LXXVI.pdf","Pyrenestes unicolor"],["28909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons tandae","Bannerman, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola and far western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7B34747",null,null,"N'Dalla Tando [= Vila Salazar], Northern Angola.","Descriptions of new subspecies from Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/166/mode/1up","Amblyospiza albifrons tandae"],["28910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons kasaica","Schouteden, 1953","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 48 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26C6C971",null,null,"Kasansa [Lomami district, Congo].","Amblyospiza albifrons kasaika n. ssp..",null,"Amblyospiza albifrons kasaica"],["28911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons maxima","Roberts, 1932","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Angola, Caprivi Strip of Namibia, northern Botswana, and far northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54EDC2DD",null,null,"Kasane, Chobe River [northeast corner of Bechuanaland Protectorate].","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Amblyospiza albifrons maxima"],["28912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons woltersi","Clancey, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.6 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique (south of Zambezi) and adjacent eastern Zimbabwe to KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-047322D3",null,null,"Manhica, Sul do Save, Portuguese East Africa.","Two New Races of Weavers (Ploceidae) from Mozambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/128/mode/1up","Amblyospiza albifrons woltersi"],["28913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Amblyospiza albifrons albifrons","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-978FAAA7",null,null,"Algoa Bay [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","Exhibition of a collection of African Birds which had been presented to the Society by Henry Ellis, Esq., of Portland Place.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/106/mode/1up","Pyrrhula albifrons"],["28914","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Histurgops","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Histurgops ruficauda [Reichenow, 1887]; type by original designation",null,"Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/79/mode/1up","Histurgops"],["28915","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Histurgops ruficauda","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.67","Rufous-tailed Weaver","Rufous-tailed Weaver","Rufous-tailed Weaver",null,null,"foothill thornscrub and grassland in north-central Tanzania and, recently, adjacent Masai Mara (south-central Kenya)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718711","rutwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rutwea1","avibase-FD2FEFFD",null,null,"Wembaere [Tanganyika, about lat. 5° S., long. 34° E.].","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/79/mode/1up","Histurgops ruficauda"],["28916","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Sporopipes","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla lepidoptera [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1842]; type by original designation = Estrelda squamifrons A. Smith, 1836",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/340/mode/1up","Sporopipes"],["28917","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Sporopipes frontalis","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.445","Speckle-fronted Weaver","Speckle-fronted Weaver","Speckle-fronted Weaver",null,null,"lowland to montane thornscrub, acacia thickets, and villages, from southern Mauritania eastward across the Sahel to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward to western Uganda and south-central Tanzania; some dispersal in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718680","spfwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spfwea1","avibase-C90890A3",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/493/mode/1up","Loxia frontalis"],["28918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Sporopipes frontalis frontalis","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F2E2594",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/493/mode/1up","Loxia frontalis"],["28919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Sporopipes frontalis emini","Neumann, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.3 p.283,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, northern Uganda, western Kenya, and northern and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33E5F701",null,null,"? Ugogo.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil (Schluss).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/293/mode/1up","Sporopipes frontalis emini"],["28920","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Sporopipes squamifrons","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.49","Scaly-feathered Weaver","Scaly Weaver","Scaly-fronted Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry savanna, thornscrub, open mopane woodland, arid Karoo, and gardens, from western and southern Angola eastward to southern Zambia and Zimbabwe, and southward to northern and central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718684","scawea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scawea1","avibase-49802951",null,null,"South Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/129/mode/1up","Estrelda squamifrons"],["28921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Sporopipes squamifrons fuligescens","Clancey, 1957","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.4 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFAAF3D7",null,null,"Glen, Modder River, north of Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 9. Description of six new races of birds from the interior of South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1394","Sporopipes squamifrons fuligescens"],["28922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Sporopipes squamifrons squamifrons","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84494158",null,null,"South Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/129/mode/1up","Estrelda squamifrons"],["28923","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Philetairus","Smith, 1837","The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology 1, no.10 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Philetairus lepidus [Smith, A, 1837]; type by original designation and monotypy = Loxia socia Latham, 1790",null,"New form in the Fringillidae","https://books.google.ca/books?id=MJg8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA536#v=onepage&q&f=false","Philetairus"],["28924","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Philetairus socius","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.381","Sociable Weaver","Sociable Weaver","Sociable Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid open country with scattered trees and bare ground, in Namibia, southern Botswana, and northwestern and north-central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718731","socwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socwea1","avibase-7799DC8B",null,null,"inland of Cape of Good Hope. Restricted to Warmbad, South West Africa, by Macdonald, 1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 156.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/403/mode/1up","Loxia socia"],["28925","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pseudonigrita","Reichenow, 1903","Journal für Ornithologie 51, no.1 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nigrita arnaudi [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by original designation",null,"Bericht über die Jahresversammlung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104726#page/159/mode/1up","Pseudonigrita"],["28926","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pseudonigrita cabanisi","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.54","Black-capped Social Weaver","Black-capped Social-Weaver","Black-capped Social-Weaver",null,null,"patchy in foothill dry thornscrub and acacia savanna in southern Ethiopia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718725","bcswea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcswea1","avibase-65856D49",null,null,"plains by Pare Mts., [Tanganyika Territory].","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/66/mode/1up","Nigrita cabanisi"],["28927","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pseudonigrita arnaudi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.444","Grey-capped Social Weaver","Gray-capped Social-Weaver","Grey-capped Social-Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill open dry woodland from southwest Sudan and South Sudan eastward to southern Ethiopia and western Somalia, southward to northern and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718718","gyhsow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhsow1","avibase-573C3683",null,null,"White Nile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/688/mode/1up","Nigrita arnaudi"],["28928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pseudonigrita arnaudi australoabyssinicus","Benson, 1942","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 63 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6A75F9E",null,null,"Yavello, south Abyssinia.","A new Species and Ten new Races from Southern Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125660#page/43/mode/1up","Pseudonigrita arnaudi australoabyssinicus"],["28929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pseudonigrita arnaudi arnaudi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE7ED70B",null,null,"White Nile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/688/mode/1up","Nigrita arnaudi"],["28930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pseudonigrita arnaudi dorsalis","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.71-72",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya and western and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65B1E063",null,null,"Wembaere Steppe [Tanganyika, about lat. 5° S., long. 34° E.].","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/83/mode/1up","Nigrita dorsalis"],["28931","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.51",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Plocepasser mahali [Smith, A, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/131/mode/1up","Plocepasser"],["28932","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser mahali","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.51","White-browed Sparrow-Weaver","White-browed Sparrow-Weaver","White-browed Sparrow-Weaver",null,null,"widespread in lowland and foothill acacia and mopane savanna from southern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and western and southern Somali southward to central Tanzania, and from southwestern Angola, northeastern Zambia, and northern Mozambique southward to southern Namibia and northern and central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718690","wbswea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbswea1","avibase-94C71DF6",null,null,"between the Orange River and the Tropic, restricted to Modder River, near junction with the Riet River, Orange Free State by Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit., 5, p. 48.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/131/mode/1up","Plocepasser mahali"],["28933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser mahali melanorhynchus","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.74,78",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan to Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FD65FF2",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/88/mode/1up","Plocepasser melanorhynchus"],["28934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser mahali pectoralis","(Peters, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF534A62",null,null,"Inhambane.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/145/mode/1up","Philagrus pectoralis"],["28935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser mahali ansorgei","Hartert, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to far northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22916277",null,null,"Wawayella, Benguella, [Angola].","Notes on African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/507/mode/1up","Plocepasser mahali ansorgei"],["28936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser mahali mahali","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia, southern Botswana, southern Zimbabwe, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-787F4980",null,null,"between the Orange River and the Tropic, restricted to Modder River, near junction with the Riet River, Orange Free State by Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit., 5, p. 48.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/131/mode/1up","Plocepasser mahali"],["28937","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser superciliosus","(Cretzschmar, 1827)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.24 pl.15","Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-Weaver","Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-Weaver","Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill open dry woodland, and brushy savanna, from Senegambia eastward through Sahel to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward to Central African Republic, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718695","ccswea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ccswea1","avibase-2C504059",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/212/mode/1up","Ploceus superciliosus"],["28938","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser rufoscapulatus","Büttikofer, 1888","Notes from the Leyden Museum 10 p.238 pl.9 fig.2","Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Weaver","Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Weaver","Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill miombo woodland from southwestern and central Angola eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia to northern Malawi, and locally in western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718700","cbswea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbswea1","avibase-B8B882AE",null,null,"Kasinga River, South Angola.","On birds from the Congo and South Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37285#page/250/mode/1up","Plocepasser rufoscapulatus"],["28939","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Plocepasser donaldsoni","Sharpe, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.14","Donaldson Smith's Sparrow-Weaver","Donaldson Smith's Sparrow-Weaver","Donaldson Smith's Sparrow-Weaver",null,null,"foothill thornscrub, acacia savanna, and rocky or lava grassland, in southern Ethiopia, northern Kenya, and locally in southern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718706","dsswea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dsswea1","avibase-5011E123",null,null,"eastern Africa near Lasamis, Kenya Colony [lat. 1° 40' N., long. 37° 48' E.], according to Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 718.","[Description of a new species of Weaver-bird from Eastern Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/308/mode/1up","Plocepasser donaldsoni"],["28940","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Dinemellia","Reichenbach, 1863","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.3 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Textor leucocephalus [Rüppell, 1845]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Textor dinemelli Rüppell, 1845",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/112/mode/1up","Dinemellia"],["28941","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Dinemellia dinemelli","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.72 pl.30","White-headed Buffalo Weaver","White-headed Buffalo-Weaver","White-headed Buffalo-Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill bushy savanna and thornscrub from southern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, southward to northeastern Uganda and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718674","whbwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwea1","avibase-00B07B12",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia] (ex Horsfield MS).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/86/mode/1up","Textor dinemelli"],["28942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Dinemellia dinemelli dinemelli","(Rüppell, 1845)","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.72 pl.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan to Somalia and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2285BDF",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia] (ex Horsfield MS).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/86/mode/1up","Textor dinemelli"],["28943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Dinemellia dinemelli boehmi","(Reichenow, 1885)","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.171 p.372",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya to Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC2E7614",null,null,"northwestern Tanganyika Territory (implied). Tyjje in Berlin Museum from Kakoma.","[Über Webervögel].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/384/mode/1up","Textor böhmi"],["28944","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Bubalornis","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.51",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Bubalornis niger [Smith, A, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/131/mode/1up","Bubalornis"],["28945","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Bubalornis albirostris","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 13 p.535","White-billed Buffalo Weaver","White-billed Buffalo-Weaver","White-billed Buffalo-Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry savanna, and lightly-wooded farmland, from southern Mauritania and northern Guinea eastward through Sahel to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Kenya and locally in northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718662","wbbwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wbbwea1","avibase-864D4A4F",null,null,"Africa. Restricted to Senegal by Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool. 14, p. 485.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60159#page/559/mode/1up","Coccothraustes albirostris"],["28946","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Bubalornis niger","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.52","Red-billed Buffalo Weaver","Red-billed Buffalo-Weaver","Red-billed Buffalo-Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry thornscrub, and mopane and acacia-baobab woodland, from southeastern South Sudan, central Ethiopia, and western Somalia southward through Kenya to northern and central Tanzania, and from western Angola eastward to eastern Zambia, thence southward to northern and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718668","rbbwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbbwea1","avibase-9EB53638",null,null,"Kurrichane.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/132/mode/1up","Bubalornis niger"],["28947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Bubalornis niger intermedius","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77415628",null,null,"Kisuani, Usambara [NE. Tanganyika Territory = Tanzania]; see Cabanis, 1869, in von der Decken, Reise Ost Afr., jd. 32.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/429/mode/1up","Textor intermedius"],["28948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Bubalornis niger niger","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and Zambia to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3DFF175",null,null,"Kurrichane.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/132/mode/1up","Bubalornis niger"],["28949","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Loxia philippina [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 42).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/425/mode/1up","Ploceus"],["28950","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus megarhynchus","Hume, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.19 p.356","Finn's Weaver","Finn's Weaver","Finn's Weaver",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill lightly wooded grassland, seasonally flooded plain, and cultivation, in norhern India (southern Uttarakhand and northern Uttar Pradesh) and adjacent far southwestern Nepal, and northeastern India (West Bengal and Assam; old records from salt lakes in southern West Bengal)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719011","yelwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelwea1","avibase-47903D44",null,null,"'the Terai' (Kaladingee, Kumaon Terai; Baker, 1926, Fauna, Brit. India, Birds, 2 ed., 3, p. 69).","[Letter of A. O. Hume from Agra, April 2, 1869].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/398/mode/1up","Ploceus megarhynchus"],["28951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus megarhynchus megarhynchus","Hume, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.19 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India (southern Uttarakhand and northern Uttar Pradesh) and adjacent far southwestern Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EA65C88",null,null,"'the Terai' (Kaladingee, Kumaon Terai; Baker, 1926, Fauna, Brit. India, Birds, 2 ed., 3, p. 69).","[Letter of A. O. Hume from Agra, April 2, 1869].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/398/mode/1up","Ploceus megarhynchus"],["28952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus megarhynchus salimalii","Abdulali, 1961","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 57 p.660",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (West Bengal and Assam; old records from salt lakes in southern West Bengal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C5AA47A",null,null,"Bhutan Duars.","A new race of Finn's Baya, Ploceus megarhynchus Hume.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183056#page/770/mode/1up","Ploceus megarhynchus salimalii"],["28953","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus hypoxanthus","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.lxxi pl.71","Asian Golden Weaver","Asian Golden Weaver","Asian Golden Weaver",null,null,"marshes, flooded grasslands, and rice paddies from southern Myanmar southwards to central Thailand, thence southwards to southern Vietnam, and disjunctly Sumatra and western Java; introduced Singapore and Bali (at least formerly)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719008","asgwea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asgwea2","avibase-1203E244",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/95/mode/1up","Loxia hypoxantha"],["28954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus hypoxanthus chryseus","Hume, 1878","Stray Feathers 6, no.1-6 p.399 (note, in text)",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar to central Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-915AE4B3",null,null,"Burma [=Myanmar]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94505#page/419/mode/1up","Ploceus chryseus"],["28955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus hypoxanthus hypoxanthus","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.lxxi pl.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumatra and Java; introduced Bali (rare)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7DE2892",null,null,"Sumatra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/95/mode/1up","Loxia hypoxantha"],["28956","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus benghalensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.175","Black-breasted Weaver","Black-breasted Weaver","Black-breasted Weaver",null,null,"lowlands of Pakistan to Peninsular India, Nepal, and Bangladesh",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718999","benwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/benwea1","avibase-AE1F2524",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/194/mode/1up","Loxia benghalensis"],["28957","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus manyar","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.160","Streaked Weaver","Streaked Weaver","Streaked Weaver",null,null,"lowland wetlands, reedbeds, rice paddies, and bulrushes associated with elephant grass, from eastern Pakistan and Indian subcontinent eastward to southeastern Asia, and southward to Sri Lanka and, disjunctly, Java, Bali, and satellite islands; introduced in Nile Valley (Egypt), central and eastern Arabian Peninsula, southeastern Borneo, and north-central and southern Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719002","strwea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwea2","avibase-29FF745B",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/179/mode/1up","Fringilla manyar"],["28958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus manyar flaviceps","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Pakistan to western India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-591BAF81",null,null,"Pondichery.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/473/mode/1up","Loxia flaviceps"],["28959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus manyar peguensis","Stuart Baker, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam) to Bangladesh and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98F96EAF",null,null,"Pegu [Burma].","Description of three new subspecies of Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/86/mode/1up","Ploceus manyar peguensis"],["28960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus manyar williamsoni","Hall, 1957","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.3 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Yunnan) to Thailand and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22372E3F",null,null,"Samkok, central Siam.","Taxonomic notes on the Spotted Owl, Athene brama, and the Striated Weaver, Ploceus manyar, in Siam, including a new race of the latter.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/72/mode/1up","Ploceus manyar williamsoni"],["28961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus manyar manyar","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, Bali, and Bawean Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31A9DC27",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/179/mode/1up","Fringilla manyar"],["28962","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus philippinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.305","Baya Weaver","Baya Weaver","Baya Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, marsh, lightly wooded scrub, mangroves, and cultivation, from eastern Pakistan and Indian subcontinent, and Sri Lanka, eastward to south-central China and southeastern Asia, and southward to Sumatra and satellite islands, Java, and Bali; introduced to eastern Arabian Peninsula, Sabah (northern Borneo), locally in Sulawesi, and eastern Nusa Tenggara",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719005","baywea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baywea1","avibase-03DE2091",null,null,"Philippines. Error for Ceylon (Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 577).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/309/mode/1up","Loxia philippina"],["28963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus philippinus philippinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"Pakistan (mostly on Indus floodplain), most of India (except southwestern), southern Nepal, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F29CC166",null,null,"Philippines. Error for Ceylon (Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 577).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/309/mode/1up","Loxia philippina"],["28964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus philippinus travancoreensis","Ali & Whistler, 1936","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (from Goa southward to Kerala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48D46208",null,null,"Kottayam (Backwaters).","The ornithology of Travancore and Cochin. Part IV, with notes by H. Whistler.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183345#page/180/mode/1up","Ploceus philippinus travancoreensis"],["28965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus philippinus burmanicus","Ticehurst, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (West Bengal) to Bangladesh, Assam, northern Myanmar, and far southwestern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1765944",null,null,"Akyab.","On the correct name of a species of Ploceus, together with the description of a new race.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/139/mode/1up","Ploceus infortunatus burmanicus"],["28966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus philippinus angelorum","Deignan, 1956","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69, no.36 p.211",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Thailand eastward to southern Laos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDD0ACF7",null,null,"Bangkok, Thailand.","New races of birds from Laem Thong, the Golden Chersonese.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/435/mode/1up","Ploceus philippensis angelorum"],["28967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus philippinus infortunatus","Hartert, 1902","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.3 p.577-578",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Myanmar (Tenasserim), western and southern Thailand, Cambodia, southern Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra including Nias Island, Java, and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE134B3E",null,null,"Sungei Lebeh [Kelantan, Malaya].","On birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/643/mode/1up","Ploceus passerinus infortunatus"],["28968","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nelicourvi","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.96","Nelicourvi Weaver","Nelicourvi Weaver","Nelicourvi Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill rainforest, secondary forest, and coastal littoral forest in northern and eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718991","nelwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nelwea1","avibase-263E6762",null,null,"Madagascar, ex Sonnerat, pl. 112.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Parvus nelicourvi"],["28969","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus sakalava","Hartlaub, 1861","Ornithologischer Beitrag zur Fauna Madagascar's p.54","Sakalava Weaver","Sakalava Weaver","Sakalava Weaver",null,null,"dry lowland forest and subdesert in northern, western, and southern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718995","sakwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sakwea1","avibase-E979E67D",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52247#page/70/mode/1up","Ploceus sakalava"],["28970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus sakalava sakalava","Hartlaub, 1861","Ornithologischer Beitrag zur Fauna Madagascar's p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"dry lowland forest and subdesert of northern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F4A7CCA",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52247#page/70/mode/1up","Ploceus sakalava"],["28971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus sakalava minor","(Delacour & Berlioz, 1931)","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 1 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"subdesert of western and southwestern Madagascar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-854D01C0",null,null,"Befandriana, southwest Madagascar.","Description d'Oiseaux nouveaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/311133#page/9/mode/1up","Foudia sakalava minor"],["28972","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus batesi","(Sharpe, 1908)","Ibis ser.9, vol.2, no.6 p.348","Bates's Weaver","Bates's Weaver","Bates's Weaver",null,null,"local and declining in lowland forest of southwestern and southern Cameroon",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718739","batwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batwea1","avibase-8395D0B4",null,null,"River Ja [Cameroons].","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. With Notes by the Collector, G. L. Bates. Part VI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35543#page/406/mode/1up","Othyphantes batesi"],["28973","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus sanctithomae","(Hartlaub, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.109","Sao Tome Weaver","Sao Tome Weaver","Sao Tome Weaver",null,null,"highlands of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719048","satwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satwea1","avibase-A1709D2B",null,null,"São Tome Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/119/mode/1up","Sycobius st. thomae"],["28974","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.127","Dark-backed Weaver","Dark-backed Weaver","Dark-backed Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest, riverine and gallery forest, and dry subtropical thicket from southeastern Nigeria, southeastern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) eastward, avoiding Congolian rainforest, to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, southern Somalia, and coastal Kenya, southward to northwestern Angola, Zambia, and Mozambique, thence southward to coastal southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719017","forwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forwea1","avibase-70312286",null,null,"Senegal [error] = South Africa (Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, p. 501).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/137/mode/1up","Ploceus bicolor"],["28975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor tephronotus","(Reichenow, 1892)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.184-185",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau), Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, and western Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3DACACB",null,null,"Buea, 1,200-1,900 m. [Cameroon Mt.].","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/198/mode/1up","Symplectes tephronotus"],["28976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor amaurocephalus","(Cabanis, 1881)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.152 p.349, pl. III, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"western and northeastern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kasai region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03BBE974",null,null,"no locality. (Malange, Angola, according to Shelley, 1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 370).","[Über Novitäten des Berliner Zoologischen Museums].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/361/mode/1up","Sycobrotus amaurocephalus"],["28977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor mentalis","(Hartlaub, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.195 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C256397A",null,null,"Buguera [highland west of Lake Albert].","[Diagnose einer neuen, von Dr. Emin in Buguéra entdeckten Symplectes-Art].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/326/mode/1up","Symplectes mentalis"],["28978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor kigomaensis","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1956)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"western Rwanda, Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and far southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1783D27D",null,null,"Kazinga, near Kigoma, Tanganyika Territory.","A new race of Dark-backed Weaver from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/55/mode/1up","Symplectes bicolor kigomaensis"],["28979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor kersteni","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia, coastal Kenya, eastern Tanzania (southward to Rufiji River), and Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82DC666F",null,null,"Zanzibar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/426/mode/1up","Sycobrotus kersteni"],["28980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor stictifrons","(Fischer & Reichenow, 1885)","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.171 p.373,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tanzania to eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and northern KwaZulu Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F3A5865",null,null,"Lindi [Tanganyika Territory].","[Über Webervögel].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/385/mode/1up","Symplectes stictifrons"],["28981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bicolor bicolor","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique southward to southern South Africa (Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F3A9AAB",null,null,"Senegal [error] = South Africa (Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, p. 501).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/137/mode/1up","Ploceus bicolor"],["28982","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus dorsomaculatus","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.10 p.177","Yellow-capped Weaver","Yellow-capped Weaver","Yellow-capped Weaver",null,null,"disjunctly in submontane to montane forest and secondary forest in southern Cameroon and northern Gabon eastward to southwestern Central African Republic and northwestern Republic of Congo, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719027","yecwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecwea1","avibase-C34E4EF3",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroons.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/191/mode/1up","Symplectes dorsomaculatus"],["28983","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus preussi","(Reichenow, 1893)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.200 p.442","Preuss's Weaver","Preuss's Weaver","Preuss's Weaver",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest from southern Guinea eastward patchily eastward to eastern Nigeria, and from southern Cameroon and southwestern Central African Republic southward to northern Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and southwestern, and disjunctly, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719022","prewea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prewea1","avibase-38D07CD0",null,null,"Victoria, Cameroons.","[Neue Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/456/mode/1up","Symplectes preussi"],["28984","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus flavipes","(Chapin, 1916)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.3 p.27","Yellow-legged Weaver","Yellow-legged Weaver","Yellow-legged Weaver",null,null,"local in lowland forest canopy in Ituri Forest (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719061","yelwea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelwea2","avibase-3A590685",null,null,"Avakubi.","Four New Birds from the Belgian Congo.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1894","Malimbus flavipes"],["28985","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus aureonucha","Sassi, 1920","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 28 p.81","Golden-naped Weaver","Golden-naped Weaver","Golden-naped Weaver",null,null,"local in lowland forest and secondary forest with tall emergent trees in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent western Uganda",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718979","gonwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gonwea1","avibase-79264A96",null,null,"Mawambi, Belgian Congo.","Zwei neue Weber aus Mittelafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101390#page/91/mode/1up","Ploceus aureonucha"],["28986","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus tricolor","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.110","Yellow-mantled Weaver","Yellow-mantled Weaver","Yellow-mantled Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill forest and swamp from Sierra Leone eastward to far southwestern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718983","yemwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yemwea1","avibase-BE85C81E",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's. (Fortsetzung von S. 1-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/746/mode/1up","Hyphantornis tricolor"],["28987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus tricolor tricolor","(Hartlaub, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.8 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southeastern Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7BE0E3A3",null,null,"Sierra Leone.","Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica's. (Fortsetzung von S. 1-32.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/746/mode/1up","Hyphantornis tricolor"],["28988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus tricolor interscapularis","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily distributed in northern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, far southwestern South Sudan, and Uganda; northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FDFF6B1",null,null,"Bundeko [Ituri, N.E. Congo].","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/43/mode/1up","Ploceus interscapularis"],["28989","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus albinucha","(Bocage, 1876)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 5 p.247 ? CWR -&gt; p.246","Maxwell's Black Weaver","Maxwell's Black Weaver","Maxwell's Black Weaver",null,null,"patchily distributed in lowland and foothill evergreen forest and farmbush from southern Sierra Leone to southwestern Ghana, and from southern Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) to northwestern Republic of Congo and southwestern Central African Republic, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718987","mabwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabwea1","avibase-E6E4F15D",null,null,"Quanza, Angola [error for West Africa].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54860#page/258/mode/1up","Sycobius albinucha"],["28990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus albinucha albinucha","(Bocage, 1876)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 5 p.247 ? CWR -&gt; p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-448BA053",null,null,"Quanza, Angola [error for West Africa].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54860#page/258/mode/1up","Sycobius albinucha"],["28991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus albinucha maxwelli","(Alexander, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ED15E92",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of two new species of birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/426/mode/1up","Melanopteryx maxwelli"],["28992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus albinucha holomelas","Sassi, 1920","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 28 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Gabon, Central African Republic, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E66F053",null,null,"Mawambi [Ituri, northeastern Congo].","Zwei neue Weber aus Mittelafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101390#page/91/mode/1up","Ploceus (Melanopteryx) holomelas"],["28993","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus insignis","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.117","Brown-capped Weaver","Brown-capped Weaver","Brown-capped Weaver",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane primary and secondary forest, bamboo, gallery forest, and coffee plantations, in southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea, and from southeastern South Sudan southward to eastern Uganda, western Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to adjacent Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and western Tanzania, and in west-central Angola; also recorded in northeastern Gabon and southwestern Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719040","brcwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcwea1","avibase-C649EA57",null,null,"Mt. Elgon.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/149/mode/1up","Sycobrotus insignis"],["28994","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus angolensis","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.258","Bar-winged Weaver","Bar-winged Weaver","Bar-winged Weaver",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill miombo woodland in west-central Angola, and in central and northern Zambia and adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719044","bawwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawwea1","avibase-7BB02508",null,null,"Caconda [Angola].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/270/mode/1up","Sharpia angolensis"],["28995","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus olivaceiceps","(Reichenow, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.7","Olive-headed Weaver","Olive-headed Weaver","Olive-headed Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane open miombo woodland from southwestern Tanzania southward to northern Mozambique, Malawi, and adjacent southeastern Zambia, and disjunctly in southern Mozambique",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719036","olhwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olhwea1","avibase-6B5D78CE",null,null,"Songea, near the source of the Rovuma.","Neue Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/23/mode/1up","Symplectes olivaceiceps"],["28996","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nicolli","Sclater, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.26","Usambara Weaver","Usambara Weaver","Usambara Weaver",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Usambara, Uluguru (rare or extirpated?), and Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719031","usawea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/usawea1","avibase-ECDFEAF6",null,null,"? Amani, East Usambara Mts., NE. Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Description of a new African Weaver from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/60/mode/1up","Ploceus (Symplectes) nicolli"],["28997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nicolli nicolli","Sclater, 1931","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7EBD782",null,null,"? Amani, East Usambara Mts., NE. Tanganyika [Tanzania]","Description of a new African Weaver from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/60/mode/1up","Ploceus (Symplectes) nicolli"],["28998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nicolli anderseni","Franzmann, 1983","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 103, no.2 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Uluguru and Udzungwa mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0C9D737",null,null,"Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania, elev. 1500-1800 m","A new subspecies of the Usambara Weaver Ploceus nicolli.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123798#page/62/mode/1up","Ploceus nicolli anderseni"],["28999","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.163","Cape Weaver","Cape Weaver","Cape Weaver",null,null,"lowland to submontane savanna, grassland, Fynbos, coastal thickets, farmbush, gardens, and urban parks, in South Africa, Lesotho, and western Eswatini; occasional dispersal to adjacent southern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718807","capwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capwea1","avibase-9526D2F3",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/167/mode/1up","Oriolus capensis"],["29000","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus temporalis","(Bocage, 1880)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 7 p.244","Bocage's Weaver","Bocage's Weaver","Bocage's Weaver",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland to foothill rank grassland and riverine vegetation from central and northeastern Angola eastward to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718803","bocwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bocwea1","avibase-476A437E",null,null,"Caconda [Angola].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54849#page/250/mode/1up","Hyphantornis temporalis"],["29001","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus vitellinus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.23","Vitelline Masked Weaver","Vitelline Masked-Weaver","Vitelline Masked Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill dry savanna and arid scrub from southern Mauritania eastward through the Sahel to central Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718882","vimwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vimwea1","avibase-FC6C191F",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/43/mode/1up","Fringilla vitellina"],["29002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus vitellinus vitellinus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to western Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B7B25A2",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/43/mode/1up","Fringilla vitellina"],["29003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus vitellinus uluensis","(Neumann, 1900)","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.3 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia to Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D0AF00C",null,null,"Ulu Mts., Mackakos district [southeastern Kenya].","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil (Schluss).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/292/mode/1up","Hyphantornis vitellinus uluensis"],["29004","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus spekei","(Heuglin, 1861)","Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' geographischer Anstalt über wichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann p.24","Speke's Weaver","Speke's Weaver","Speke's Weaver",null,null,"foothill to montane savanna, open woodland, brushy scrub, and urban gardens, from Ethiopia and Somalia southward to southwestern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718929","spewea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spewea2","avibase-4DC2B23C",null,null,"Somaliland = H . baglafecht Blyth nec Vieillot 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 301). Type locality restricted to 'northern Italian Somaliland' by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 64, p. 67).",null,null,"Hyphantornis spekei"],["29005","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus spekeoides","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1947","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68 p.7","Fox's Weaver","Fox's Weaver","Fox's Weaver",null,null,"foothill wooded and swampy and papyrus swamp in east-central Uganda; some seasonal dispersal",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718933","foxwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/foxwea1","avibase-4436DD6C",null,null,"Ngariam, Teso, Uganda.","A new Species of Weaver from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/35/mode/1up","Ploceus spekeoides"],["29006","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus aurantius","(Vieillot, 1805)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.73 pl.XLIV","Orange Weaver","Orange Weaver","Orange Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill riverine corridors, mangroves, coastal lagoons, and papyrus swamps from Sierra Leone eastward to western Central African Republic, and southward through Gabon to northwestern Angola, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Lake Victoria in southern Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718833","orawea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orawea1","avibase-2C42345F",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/177/mode/1up","Malimbus aurantius"],["29007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus aurantius aurantius","(Vieillot, 1805)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.73 pl.XLIV",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Gabon, northeastern Angola, and Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80216F33",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/177/mode/1up","Malimbus aurantius"],["29008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus aurantius rex","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uganda (Lake Victoria region) to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CB4C19F",null,null,"Entebbe.","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/384/mode/1up","Ploceus aurantius rex"],["29009","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.87","Village Weaver","Village Weaver","Village Weaver",null,null,"widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (except southwestern), in lowland and foothill brushy savanna, riverine woodland, cultivated areas, and villages, from southern Mauritania eastward to Somalia, southward to Angola, northern Botswana, and Mozambique, then southward to eastern South Africa; introduced to São Tomé, Mauritius, Réunion, northern Venezuela, Hispaniola, and Martinique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718921","vilwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vilwea1","avibase-E8AA9E1C",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/107/mode/1up","Oriolus cucullatus"],["29010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus cucullatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania eastward to Chad, and southward through western Africa to Bioko, northern Gabon, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7844B118",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/107/mode/1up","Oriolus cucullatus"],["29011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus abyssinicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.860",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, southeastern Sudan, and eastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFA4ABA3",null,null,"Abyssinia. Restricted to 'North Abyssinia' by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 64, p. 67).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/361/mode/1up","Loxia abyssinica"],["29012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus bohndorffi","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.178 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Gabon, Central African Republic, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5984FD3",null,null,"Stanley Falls.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem oberen Kongo-Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/226/mode/1up","Ploceus bohndorffi"],["29013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus frobenii","Reichenow, 1923","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg 40 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32F688F7",null,null,"Lupungu, Lomami district, Belgian Congo.","Über eine Vogelsammlung vom oberen Kongo und eine neue Wurgerart von der Insel Nossibé.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39467#page/72/mode/1up","Ploceus cucullatus frobenii"],["29014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus collaris","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D9E0BBA",null,null,"Senegal [error] and Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/141/mode/1up","Ploceus collaris"],["29015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus graueri","Hartert, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Burundi, and adjacent western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3648874",null,null,"Usumbura, north end of Lake Tanganyika.","Description of a new species of Weaver-Finch from Lake Tanganyika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/49/mode/1up","Ploceus graueri"],["29016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus nigriceps","(Layard, 1867)","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Mozambique; São Tomé",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13E848F4",null,null,"Kuruman, error for Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1957, Ostrich, 28, p. 175).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47633#page/202/mode/1up","Hyphantornis nigriceps"],["29017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus cucullatus spilonotus","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.8 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana to southern Mozambique, South Africa, and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C9C4E37",null,null,"Algoa Bay. [Eastern Cape province, South Africa]","Exhibition of a collection of African Birds which had been presented to the Society by Henry Ellis, Esq., of Portland Place.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/106/mode/1up","Ploceus spilonotus"],["29018","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bertrandi","(Shelley, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.23","Bertram's Weaver","Bertram's Weaver","Bertram's Weaver",null,null,"foothill and submontane open woodland, riparian thickets, miombo woodland, and forest edge from northeastern Zambia and east-central Tanzania southward to Malawi and adjacent northwestern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718765","berwea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/berwea2","avibase-42F3647E",null,null,"Zomba.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyassaland. With a Preface by the Editor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/53/mode/1up","Hyphantornis bertrandi"],["29019","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bannermani","Chapin, 1932","American Museum Novitates no.570 p.17","Bannerman's Weaver","Bannerman's Weaver","Bannerman's Weaver",null,null,"foothill to montane forest edge, degraded forest, and open scrub, in southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718735","banwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banwea1","avibase-8F52076C",null,null,"Djang district, 4,500 ft., Cameroons.","Fourteen new birds from tropical Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4197/","Ploceus bannermani"],["29020","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nigrimentus","Reichenow, 1904","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt1 p.39","Black-chinned Weaver","Black-chinned Weaver","Black-chinned Weaver",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill open bushy savanna from southeastern Gabon, south-central Republic of the Congo, and adjacent southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in northeastern and west-central Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718743","bkcwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcwea1","avibase-9FB7D020",null,null,"Galanga, Benguella.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/77/mode/1up","Ploceus nigrimentus"],["29021","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht","(Daudin, 1802)","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.245","Baglafecht Weaver","Baglafecht Weaver","Baglafecht Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane shrubby or lightly wooded areas, marsh, forest edge, and gardens, from eastern Nigeria and Cameroon eastward to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and central Kenya to southwestern Tanzania, northeastern Zambia, and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718761","bagwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bagwea1","avibase-BE1FE156",null,null,"Abyssinia, ex ibid., Oiseau Rev. Franç. Orn., 6, p. 191.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/297/mode/1up","Loxia baglafecht"],["29022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht baglafecht","(Daudin, 1802)","Histoire Naturelle par Buffon, Quadrupèdes Quadr. 14 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopian highlands and southern Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F7B17BD",null,null,"Abyssinia, ex ibid., Oiseau Rev. Franç. Orn., 6, p. 191.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132091#page/297/mode/1up","Loxia baglafecht"],["29023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht neumanni","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, and Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DB22AA8",null,null,"Banso Mts., N. of Kumbo, 6,000 ft. [Cameroons] .","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Cameroon-Nigerian Highlands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/571/mode/1up","Othyphantes baglafecht neumanni"],["29024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht eremobius","(Hartlaub, 1887)","Zoologische Jahrbücher 1 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51BAB00C",null,null,"ChorMabrue [southeastern Sudan, 4°33'N.; 29°11'E.].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39623#page/328/mode/1up","Symplectes eremobius"],["29025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht emini","(Hartlaub, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, central and eastern Ethiopia, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34568918",null,null,"Agaru [east of Nimule, northwestern Uganda, of. Journ. f. Orn., 30, p. 322, 1882].","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Sycobrotus emini"],["29026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht reichenowi","(Fischer, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.180-181",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73FB8B7A",null,null,"Arusha [Tanganyika Territory].","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). (Nachtrag zu Seite 52-58.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/192/mode/1up","Sycobrotus reichenowi"],["29027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht stuhlmanni","(Reichenow, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.2 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Uganda and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5802963",null,null,"Central Africa type in Berlin Museum from Bukoba, teste Stresemann, in litt.","Diagnosen neuer Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/43/mode/1up","Symplectes stuhlmanni"],["29028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht sharpii","(Shelley, 1898)","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.16 p.557",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CB6A2DE",null,null,"'Nyasaland', corrected to 'south-western Tanganyika Territory' by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 65, p. 11).","A List of the Birds collected by Mr. Alfred Sharpe, C.B., in Nyasaland. With Prefatory Remarks by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/617/mode/1up","Othyphantes sharpii"],["29029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus baglafecht nyikae","(Benson, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Nyika Plateau of Zambia and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDBA73AE",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland.","Descriptions of two new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/150/mode/1up","Othyphantes baglafecht nyikae"],["29030","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nigerrimus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.130","Vieillot's Black Weaver","Vieillot's Black Weaver","Vieillot's Black Weaver","2025-0505","Taxon <em>castaneofuscus </em>is tentatively treated as specifically distinct from<em> Ploceus nigerrimus </em>based on differences in male plumage. Further research is required; available genetic data (De Silva et al. 2019) are uninformative and the presence of a narrow hybrid zone requires investigation.","lowland to submontane forest edge and clearings, tall grass savanna, secondary woodland, and villages, from southeastern Nigeria eastward to southeastern South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola, south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812246","viewea3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viewea3","avibase-20D915AD",null,null,"'Kingdom of Congo'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/142/mode/1up","Ploceus nigerrimus"],["29031","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus castaneofuscus","Lesson, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.99","Chestnut-and-black Weaver","Chestnut-and-black Weaver","Chestnut-and-black Weaver","2025-0505","Taxon <em>castaneofuscus </em>is tentatively treated as specifically distinct from<em> Ploceus nigerrimus </em>based on differences in male plumage. Further research is required; available genetic data (De Silva et al. 2019) are uninformative and the presence of a narrow hybrid zone requires investigation.","patchy in lowland to foothill forest edge and clearing, tall grass savanna, swampy woodland, and villages, from Guinea eastward to central Nigeria, historically also Gambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812253","viewea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viewea2","avibase-3F347626",null,null,"Casamans River [=Casamance River, Senegal]","Nomenclature et description d'oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/109/mode/1up","Ploceus castaneo-fuscus"],["29032","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus princeps","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.439","Principe Weaver","Principe Golden-Weaver","Principe Golden Weaver",null,null,"Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718825","prgwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prgwea1","avibase-CFC74E20",null,null,"Insulis Princip. Afr. occident. (Principe Island).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/681/mode/1up","Symplectes princeps"],["29033","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus grandis","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 Ploceinae p.1","Giant Weaver","Giant Weaver","Giant Weaver",null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718925","giawea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giawea1","avibase-9569D117",null,null,"São Tome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/120/mode/1up","Hyphantornis grandis"],["29034","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus weynsi","(Dubois, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8(5) p.69","Weyns's Weaver","Weyns's Weaver","Weyns's Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, lakeshore woodland; and secondary growth, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Uganda southward to northwestern Tanzania; in erratic wandering has reached western Kenya and northern Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718941","weywea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/weywea1","avibase-341298B9",null,null,"Bumba, Upper Congo.","Zwei neue Vögel vom Kongo (Freistaat).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/87/mode/1up","Melanopteryx weynsi"],["29035","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus xanthopterus","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.399","Southern Brown-throated Weaver","Southern Brown-throated Weaver","Southern Brown-throated Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill wetlands with reedbeds or papyrus from southern Tanzania to Malawi, and from southeastern Angola, northeastern Namibia, and northern Botswana eastward to Mozambique, thence southward to coastal eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718846","sbtwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbtwea1","avibase-E72166BD",null,null,"Shire Valley. (Type in British Museum from 'Lower Shire Valley'.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/421/mode/1up","Hyphantornis xanthopterus"],["29036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus xanthopterus castaneigula","(Cabanis, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.240, pl. III, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"western Zambia, northeastern Namibia (Caprivi Strip), northern Botswana, and far northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D42005C",null,null,"Zambesi (Diamond Fields). Restricted to Impalera, northeastern Bechuanaland by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 68, p. 60).","[Über 2 neue Webervögel].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/252/mode/1up","Hyphantornis castaneigula"],["29037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus xanthopterus marleyi","(Roberts, 1929)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 13, pt.2 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique (south of Save River) and coastal northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-065ABCF9",null,null,"Umzungazi River, St. Lucia Lake District, Zululand.","New forms of African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_678","Hyphantornis (Oriolinus) xanthopterus marleyi"],["29038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus xanthopterus xanthopterus","(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania, Malawi, northern and central Mozambique, and far northeastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58734747",null,null,"Shire Valley. (Type in British Museum from 'Lower Shire Valley'.)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/421/mode/1up","Hyphantornis xanthopterus"],["29039","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus castaneiceps","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.448 pl.13 fig.5","Taveta Weaver","Taveta Golden-Weaver","Taveta Golden Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill swampy grassland, reeds, and brush in southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718841","tagwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tagwea1","avibase-2379E3EB",null,null,"Taveta.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/468/mode/1up","Hyphantornis castaneiceps"],["29040","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus dichrocephalus","(Salvadori, 1896)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.45","Juba Weaver","Juba Weaver","Juba Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill savanna, riverine bush, acacia thornscrub, and semi-desert in southern Ethiopia, far northeastern Kenya, and southwestern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718956","salwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salwea1","avibase-2E4A97D9",null,null,"Somali, or Gallaland, S.E. Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/53/mode/1up","Hyphantornis dicrocephala"],["29041","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus holoxanthus","Hartlaub, 1891","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7 p.22","Ruvu Weaver","Ruvu Weaver","Ruvu Weaver","2025-0506","Taxon <em>holoxanthus </em>is reinstated as a species distinct from <em>Ploceus subaureus</em> based on morphology and genetics (Turner &amp; Kennedy 2019; Fjeldså et al. 2020; Oschadleus et al. 2021).","local in lowland reedbeds, riverine vegetation, and bamboo in eastern Tanzania (the lower Wami River, the Ruvu River, Lake Tagalala, and the Rufiji River)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/229721104","ruvwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruvwea1","avibase-70B92675",null,null,"Mtoni [near Bagamoyo, eastern Tanganyika].",null,null,"Ploceus holoxanthus"],["29042","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus burnieri","Baker & Baker, 1990","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 110 p.52 [52 pl.1]","Kilombero Weaver","Kilombero Weaver","Kilombero Weaver",null,null,"lowland reedbeds in seasonally flooded grassland of Kilombero River floodplain (south-central Tanzania)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718856","kilwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kilwea1","avibase-98820857",null,null,"Ifakara, Tanzania","A new species of weaver from Tanzania.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/356/mode/1up","Ploceus burnieri"],["29043","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus heuglini","Reichenow, 1886","Zoologische Jahrbücher 1 p.147","Heuglin's Masked Weaver","Heuglin's Masked-Weaver","Heuglin's Masked Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill wooded dry savanna, coastal thickets, secondary scrub, farmbush, and villages, from Senegambia eastward to southern Chad and Central African Republic, and disjunctly from southern South Sudan and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Kenya; some seasonal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718865","hemwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hemwea1","avibase-D8E67602",null,null,"Bahr el Ghazal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38121#page/155/mode/1up","Ploceus heuglini"],["29044","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus intermedius","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.71,76","Lesser Masked Weaver","Lesser Masked-Weaver","Lesser Masked Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill wooded savanna, cultivated areas near water, and villages, from southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia southward to Rwanda, southern Tanzania, and Zambia, and from southern Republic of Congo, Angola, and northern Namibia eastward to Zimbabwe and Mozambique, thence southward to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718783","lesmaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesmaw1","avibase-E069A0BB",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/85/mode/1up","Ploceus intermedius"],["29045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus intermedius intermedius","Rüppell, 1845","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's nebst Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünfzig theils unbekannten, theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten p.71,76",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia, northwestern and southern Somalia, southeastern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4D4C8BC",null,null,"Shoa [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111053#page/85/mode/1up","Ploceus intermedius"],["29046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus intermedius cabanisii","(Peters, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Tanzania to KwaZulu-Natal, northern Namibia, and interior southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-043EB8D6",null,null,"Inhambane [Mozambique].","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/145/mode/1up","Hyphantornis cabanisii"],["29047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus intermedius beattyi","Traylor, 1959","Natural History Miscellanea 169 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FFAAFB7",null,null,"Luanda, Angola.","A new race of Weaver Bird, Ploceus intermedius.",null,"Ploceus intermedius beattyi"],["29048","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus castanops","Shelley, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.1 p.35","Northern Brown-throated Weaver","Northern Brown-throated Weaver","Northern Brown-throated Weaver",null,null,"lowland to submontane lakeside and riverine vegetation, and papyrus swamps, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Uganda and southwestern Kenya, and southward to Rwanda, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718850","nbtwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nbtwea1","avibase-F9FB0226",null,null,"Lado. Type in British Museum from Wadelai [Uganda, close to Sudan border].","On a Collection of Birds made by Emin Pasha in Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/69/mode/1up","Ploceus castanops"],["29049","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus badius","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.3 p.57","Cinnamon Weaver","Cinnamon Weaver","Cinnamon Weaver",null,null,"lowland tall grassland and riverine brush with tall trees on the Nile River floodplain in central and southeastern Sudan and South Sudan; nomadic wandering post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718971","cinwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinwea1","avibase-6E00B2C6",null,null,"'Fazogloa; Eastern Africa' (presumed to be Fazogli, Sudan).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/77/mode/1up","Hyphantornis badius"],["29050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus badius badius","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.3 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Nile Valley of central and southern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-533F4F47",null,null,"'Fazogloa; Eastern Africa' (presumed to be Fazogli, Sudan).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/77/mode/1up","Hyphantornis badius"],["29051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus badius axillaris","(Heuglin, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.90 p.381-383",null,null,null,null,null,"Nile Valley of South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C609430F",null,null,"Kidj-Neger = Shambe district of White Nile (Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 436).","Synopsis der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrikas, des Nilquellengebietes un der Küstenländer des Rothen Meeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/393/mode/1up","Hyphantornis axillaris"],["29052","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus taeniopterus","(Reichenbach, 1863)","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.3 p.78","Northern Masked Weaver","Northern Masked-Weaver","Northern Masked Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill tall grassland, acacia savanna, papyrus swamps, and shoreline vegetation on large rivers and lakes, from southern Sudan and north-central Ethiopia southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and west-central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718871","nomwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nomwea1","avibase-6A84BDB8",null,null,"Sudan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/102/mode/1up","Ploceolus taenipterus"],["29053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus taeniopterus furensis","Lynes, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-756009C8",null,null,"Zalingei, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/500/mode/1up","Ploceus taeniopterus furensis"],["29054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus taeniopterus taeniopterus","(Reichenbach, 1863)","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.3 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern Sudan eastward to southwestern Ethiopia, southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C498DCD7",null,null,"Sudan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/102/mode/1up","Ploceolus taenipterus"],["29055","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.175","Black-headed Weaver","Black-headed Weaver","Black-headed Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill grassland near rivers, reedbeds, and papyrus, from southern Mauritania eastward across the Sahel to Eritrea and western Ethiopia, southward to eastern Republic of Congo, northern Zambia, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718949","blhwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhwea1","avibase-19D053B3",null,null,"Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/194/mode/1up","Loxia melanocephala"],["29056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanocephalus melanocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania, northern and southwestern Senegal, Gambia, southern Mali, and southwestern Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36503616",null,null,"Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/194/mode/1up","Loxia melanocephala"],["29057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanocephalus capitalis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"western Guinea-Bissau, eastern Guinea, Burkina Faso, northeastern Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria (on major rivers), northern Cameroon, southwestern Chad, and northern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAF5CA1D",null,null,"no locality. Type locality fixed as 'the lower Niger River, southern Nigeria' by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl, 64, p. 68).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/454/mode/1up","Tanagra capitalis"],["29058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanocephalus duboisi","Hartlaub, 1886","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 4 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Congo, southern Central African Republic, southwestern South Sudan, northern, central, and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADAFB1B3",null,null,"Mpala [west shore of Lake Tanganyika].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34998#page/148/mode/1up","Ploceus duboisi"],["29059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanocephalus dimidiatus","(Antinori & Salvadori, 1873)","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 6 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Sudan and western Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9088FE2",null,null,"Kassala.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=j0sYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA360","Hyphantornis dimidiata"],["29060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanocephalus fischeri","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward through western Kenya, southward in northwestern Tanzania and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA79DA18",null,null,"Kagehi [near Mwanza, Tanganyika].","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/81/mode/1up","Ploceus fischeri"],["29061","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus rubiginosus","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.93,100","Chestnut Weaver","Chestnut Weaver","Chestnut Weaver",null,null,"disjunct populations in lowland and foothill thornscrub from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia to northeastern Uganda to northern and central Tanzania, and southwestern Angola to central Namibia; some migratory or nomadic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718975","chewea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chewea1","avibase-01BFAE61",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/173/mode/1up","Ploceus rubiginosus"],["29062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus rubiginosus rubiginosus","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.93,100",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, northwestern and southern Somalia, far southeastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFEE3236",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/173/mode/1up","Ploceus rubiginosus"],["29063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus rubiginosus trothae","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"acacia savanna of southwestern Angola, northern Namibia, and Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E23E84E",null,null,"Windhuk, S.W. Africa.","Ploceus trothae Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/161/mode/1up","Ploceus trothae"],["29064","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus xanthops","(Hartlaub, 1862)","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.335,342","Holub's Golden Weaver","Holub's Golden-Weaver","Holub's Golden Weaver",null,null,"lowland to montane tall grass, brushy grassland, forest margins, and riverine vegetation, from southern Gabon eastward through southern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and southwestern Kenya, and southward to far northern Namibia, northern Botswana, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718818","hogwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hogwea1","avibase-2D86B0D2",null,null,"Angola. Restricted to 'Lower Cuanza River' by Hall (1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 6, p. 447).","Notes on Birds collected in Angola in 1861.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/377/mode/1up","Hyphantornis xanthops"],["29065","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus katangae","(Verheyen, 1947)","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 23(10) p.3","Katanga Masked Weaver","Katanga Masked-Weaver","Katanga Masked Weaver","2025-0502","Taxon <em>upembae </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Ploceus katangae,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split based on morphology is considered weak, and available genetic data (Craig et al. 2011; De Silva et al. 2019) insufficient. Further research on genetic differentiation in this species complex will be needed.","patchy in lowland wetlands with reedbeds and papyrus from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718899","kamwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kamwea1","avibase-637795BE",null,null,"Musosa, Belgian Congo.","VIII. Relevé systématique d'une collection d'oiseaux réunie à la frontière Congo belge - Rhodésie du Nord et description d'un nouveau Plocéidé. Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire",null,"Sitagra velatus katangae"],["29066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus katangae upembae","(Verheyen, 1953)","Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte p.612",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (headwaters of the Lualaba River, Katanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7904C526",null,null,"Mabwe [Congo].",null,"http://www.apncb.be/archives/publications/exploration-parc-national-de-lupemba/mission-g-f-de-witte/1953-fascicule-19-oiseaux/dewitte_1953_fasc19_completc.pdf/download/en/1/dewitte_1953_fasc19_completc.pdf?action=view","Textor velatus upembae"],["29067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus katangae katangae","(Verheyen, 1947)","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 23(10) p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"patchy, in northern Zambia and immediately adjacent southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF5ED87B",null,null,"Musosa, Belgian Congo.","VIII. Relevé systématique d'une collection d'oiseaux réunie à la frontière Congo belge - Rhodésie du Nord et description d'un nouveau Plocéidé. Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire",null,"Sitagra velatus katangae"],["29068","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus bojeri","(Cabanis, 1869)","Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859-1865 3 pt1 p.32","Golden Palm Weaver","Golden Palm Weaver","Golden Palm Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill coastal palm savanna, and riverine vegetation, in southern Somalia and central and eastern Kenya, and historically southeastern Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718837","gopwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gopwea1","avibase-F40197D6",null,null,"Mombasa.",null,null,"Hyphantornis bojeri"],["29069","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus subaureus","Smith, 1839","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.30, fig.1,text","Eastern Golden Weaver","African Golden-Weaver","African Golden Weaver",null,null,"lowland and foothill coastal plain, riverine marsh, and floodplain from eastern Kenya southward through Malawi and Mozambique to Eswatini and coastal southeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718811","afgwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afgwea1","avibase-86BEAFA6",null,null,"Algoa Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/129/mode/1up","Ploceus subaureus"],["29070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus subaureus aureoflavus","Smith, 1839","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.30, text",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia to eastern Kenya, eastern Tanzania, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1999150",null,null,"'Western Africa' [error]. Type in British Museum, probably from Zanzibar, cf. Shelley (1905, Birds Africa, 4 (2), p. 478).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/130/mode/1up","Ploceus aureo-flavus"],["29071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus subaureus subaureus","Smith, 1839","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.7 pl.30, fig.1,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal, and eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57969863",null,null,"Algoa Bay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/129/mode/1up","Ploceus subaureus"],["29072","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus galbula","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.92 pl.32","Rüppell's Weaver","Rüppell's Weaver","Rüppell's Weaver",null,null,"lowland to submontane savanna, arid coastal plain, cultivation, and gardens, from eastern Sudan and Eritrea eastward to southwestern and southern Arabian Peninsula, and southward to southern Ethiopia and northern Somalia; introduced to western Red Sea coast and central Saudi Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718860","ruewea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruewea1","avibase-9F7489D0",null,null,"Modat valley, Eritrea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/172/mode/1up","Ploceus galbula"],["29073","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus jacksoni","Shelley, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.23 p.290,293 pl.VII","Golden-backed Weaver","Golden-backed Weaver","Golden-backed Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill reedy or papyrus swamps, riparian thickets, thornscrub, and grassy wetland, from southern South Sudan, Uganda, and western and southern Kenya southward to Burundi and south-central Tanzania; introduced in Kuwait southward to Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718966","gobwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobwea1","avibase-DF0759C0",null,null,"Kilimanjaro {ibid. p. 290).","List of Birds collected in Eastern Africa by Mr. Frederick J. Jackson, F.Z.S. With Notes and an Introduction by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/318/mode/1up","Ploceus jacksoni"],["29074","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus velatus","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.132","Southern Masked Weaver","Southern Masked-Weaver","Southern Masked Weaver",null,null,"southern Angola eastward to Mozambique, southward to southern South Africa; introduced São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718890","afmwea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afmwea","avibase-A36C5049",null,null,"Namaqualand (probably about Goodhouse or Pella on the Orange River according to Macdonald, 1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 161).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/144/mode/1up","Ploceus velatus"],["29075","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus ruweti","Louette & Benson, 1982","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102 p.26","Lufira Masked Weaver","Lufira Masked-Weaver","Lufira Masked Weaver",null,null,"local in foothill riverine acacia and flooded savanna at Lake Tshangalele and Kiubo Falls on Lufira River (southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718907","lalmaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lalmaw1","avibase-B4E50529",null,null,"Upper Lufira, southern Zaire","Swamp-dwelling weavers of the Ploceus velatus/vitellinus complex, with the description of a new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/236/mode/1up","Ploceus ruweti"],["29076","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus ocularis","Smith, 1828","South African Commercial Advertiser 3, no.144, 1 November 1 p.2","Spectacled Weaver","Spectacled Weaver","Spectacled Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane woodland, bushy savanna, and gardens, from southwestern Nigeria and Cameroon eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to southeastern Ethiopia and Kenya, and southward to southern Angola, northeastern Namibia, and northern Botswana, and through southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia to southern Mozambique, Eswatini, and south-eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718787","spewea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spewea1","avibase-CA4839B2",null,null,"South Africa, especially south-east coast. Restricted to Durban, Natal, by Clancey, 1952, Ann. Natal Mus., 12 (2), p. 270.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.1].",null,"Ploceus ocularis"],["29077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus ocularis crocatus","(Hartlaub, 1881)","Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to far southern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia, southward to Angola and through East Africa (west of the Rift Valley) to northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, Zambia (west of the Muchinga Mountains), and northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-797FD302",null,null,"Magungo [Uganda, near north end of Lake Albert].",null,"https://www.archive.org/download/abhandlungenhera07natu/page/n107_w502","Hyphantornis crocata"],["29078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus ocularis suahelicus","Neumann, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.2 p.339",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kenya to eastern Tanzania, eastern Zambia, Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC7D5334",null,null,"Lewa [Usambara, Tanganyika = Tanzania].","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von S. 184-243).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/391/mode/1up","Ploceus ocularius suahelicus"],["29079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus ocularis ocularis","Smith, 1828","South African Commercial Advertiser 3, no.144, 1 November 1 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Mozambique south of the Limpopo River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C10EF34F",null,null,"South Africa, especially south-east coast. Restricted to Durban, Natal, by Clancey, 1952, Ann. Natal Mus., 12 (2), p. 270.","Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the South of Africa [no.1].",null,"Ploceus ocularis"],["29080","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus reichardi","Reichenow, 1886","Zoologische Jahrbücher 1 p.150","Tanzanian Masked Weaver","Tanganyika Masked-Weaver","Tanzanian Masked Weaver",null,null,"local and patchy in lowland to foothill papyrus swamp and lakeshore reedbeds in western Tanzania and far northeastern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718914","tanmaw1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tanmaw1","avibase-A23369E3",null,null,"Karema [east shore of Lake Tanganyika].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38121#page/158/mode/1up","Ploceus reichardi"],["29081","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus golandi","(Clarke, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.32","Kilifi Weaver","Kilifi Weaver","Clarke's Weaver",null,null,"local in lowland miombo woodland and coastal forest in southeastern Kenya",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718945","clawea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clawea1","avibase-2A2CC7B3",null,null,"Mombasa.","[Account of a shooting expedition made to Lorian, British East Africa, with description of new forms].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/58/mode/1up","Heterhyphantes golandi"],["29082","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus luteolus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.23","Little Weaver","Little Weaver","Little Weaver",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia savanna, cultivation fringe, and gardens, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to northern Cameroon, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718779","litwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litwea1","avibase-1373D324",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/43/mode/1up","Fringilla luteola"],["29083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus luteolus luteolus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEEFE95D",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/43/mode/1up","Fringilla luteola"],["29084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus luteolus kavirondensis","(Van Someren, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6F29A5F",null,null,"Soronko River [Uganda, western foot of Mt. Elgon].","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, descriptions of new East African species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/153/mode/1up","Sitagra luteola kavirondensis"],["29085","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus pelzelni","(Hartlaub, 1887)","Zoologische Jahrbücher 2 p.343","Slender-billed Weaver","Slender-billed Weaver","Slender-billed Weaver",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane marshland, papyrus swamps, and mangroves, from Sierra Leone to southern Cameroon, southward to northwestern Angola, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, southward to Burundi and northwestern Tanzania, and in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718770","slbwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbwea1","avibase-36C24C3D",null,null,"Magungo [Uganda, near north end of Lake Albert].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/55/mode/1up","Sitagra pelzelni"],["29086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus pelzelni pelzelni","(Hartlaub, 1887)","Zoologische Jahrbücher 2 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0BD4171",null,null,"Magungo [Uganda, near north end of Lake Albert].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/55/mode/1up","Sitagra pelzelni"],["29087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus pelzelni monacha","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"papyrus swamps of Liberia to western Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AEA469B",null,null,"type in British Museum from Fantee [Ghana] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/446/mode/1up","Sitagra monacha"],["29088","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus alienus","(Sharpe, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.21","Strange Weaver","Strange Weaver","Strange Weaver",null,null,"submontane to montane evergreen forest understory, secondary growth, and bamboo, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718799","strwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strwea1","avibase-63A997EA",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On two new birds from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/391/mode/1up","Sitagra aliena"],["29089","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanogaster","Shelley, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.126","Black-billed Weaver","Black-billed Weaver","Black-billed Weaver",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and montane forest of southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and from southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Burundi, eastward to Uganda and west-central Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718795","blbwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbwea1","avibase-B38CE692",null,null,"Cameroon Mt., 8,000 ft.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Cameroons Mountain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/188/mode/1up","Ploceus melanogaster"],["29090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanogaster melanogaster","Shelley, 1887","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887, pt.1 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3056008D",null,null,"Cameroon Mt., 8,000 ft.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Cameroons Mountain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91212#page/188/mode/1up","Ploceus melanogaster"],["29091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus melanogaster stephanophorus","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western and eastern Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE3ADDBA",null,null,"Mau [western Kenya highlands].","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/149/mode/1up","Heterhyphantes stephanophorus"],["29092","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus subpersonatus","(Cabanis, 1876)","Journal für Ornithologie 24, no.133 p.92","Loango Weaver","Loango Weaver","Loango Weaver",null,null,"lowland coastal swamp-forest, palm savanna, beach scrub, and mangroves from Gabon southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718774","loawea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/loawea1","avibase-23CA12EF",null,null,"Chinchoxo [Portuguese Congo].","[Über eine Anzahl neuer westafrikanischer Arten, welche von Herrn Dr. Falkenstein, zu Chinchoncho an der Loangoküste gesammelt sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101769#page/104/mode/1up","Hyphantornis subpersonata"],["29093","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus brachypterus","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VIII p.168","Olive-naped Weaver","Olive-naped Weaver","Olive-naped Weaver","2025-0501","Taxon <em>brachypterus </em>(monotypic, with <em>po </em>treated as a synonym of <em>brachypterus</em>) is treated as a species distinct from <em>Ploceus nigricollis</em> (polytypic, with <em>melanoxanthus</em>) based on differences in plumage, bare parts color, and limited intergradation across a narrow zone of contact. Available genetic data (De Silva et al. 2019) are uninformative.","lowland to foothill savanna woodland, gallery forest, coastal thickets, palm plantations, and mangroves from Senegambia eastward to southwestern Niger, Nigeria, southwestern Cameron, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103811726","bknwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bknwea1","avibase-2D3998EE",null,null,"no type locality. (Said by Bannerman, 1949, Birds Trop. W. Africa, 7, p. 104, to be Senegal.)","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57925#page/200/mode/1up","Ploceus brachypterus"],["29094","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nigricollis","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.74 pl.XLV","Black-necked Weaver","Black-necked Weaver","Black-necked Weaver","2025-0501","Taxon <em>brachypterus </em>(monotypic, with <em>po </em>treated as a synonym of <em>brachypterus</em>) is treated as a species distinct from <em>Ploceus nigricollis</em> (polytypic, with <em>melanoxanthus</em>) based on differences in plumage, bare parts color, and limited intergradation across a narrow zone of contact. Available genetic data (De Silva et al. 2019) are uninformative.","lowland to montane wooded savanna, gallery forest, farmbush, and plantations, from Cameroon eastward to southwestern Ethiopia, Kenya, and southern Somalia, southward to northwestern Angola and southern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103811662","bknwea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bknwea2","avibase-55997100",null,null,"Malimbe [Portuguese Congo].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/178/mode/1up","Malimbus nigricollis"],["29095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nigricollis nigricollis","(Vieillot, 1808)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.74 pl.XLV",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Cameroon southward to northern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastward to far southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF789BB3",null,null,"Malimbe [Portuguese Congo].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/178/mode/1up","Malimbus nigricollis"],["29096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Ploceus nigricollis melanoxanthus","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205, 232",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia, southern Somalia, central and eastern Kenya, and central and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79C9FC85",null,null,"Mombasa.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Hyphanturgus melanoxanthus"],["29097","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pachyphantes","Shelley, 1896","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 1 p.36",null,null,null,"2025-0503","Taxon <em>superciliosus </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Pachyphantes </em>based on its compact morphology and distinctive nest (Wolters 1970). Mitochondrial DNA data (De Silva et al. 2019) appear to confirm <em>Pachyphantes </em>as monotypic.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hyphantornis superciliosus [Shelley]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Pachyphantes"],["29098","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Pachyphantes superciliosus","(Shelley, 1873)","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.140","Compact Weaver","Compact Weaver","Compact Weaver","2025-0503","Taxon <em>superciliosus </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Pachyphantes </em>based on its compact morphology and distinctive nest (Wolters 1970). Mitochondrial DNA data (De Silva et al. 2019) appear to confirm <em>Pachyphantes </em>as monotypic.","patchy in lowland to foothill savanna, tall grassland, farmbush, forest edge, and coffee plantations, from southwestern Senegal and Guinea-Bissau eastward through northern Cameroon to southeastern Sudan and Ethiopia, and southward to northern Angola, far northern Zambia, northwestern Tanzania, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719054","comwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comwea1","avibase-0405CA69",null,null,"West Africa.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/162/mode/1up","Hyphantornis superciliosus"],["29099","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxvi fig.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia sanguinirostris [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 70). = Emberiza quelea Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/177/mode/1up","Quelea"],["29100","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea quelea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.177","Red-billed Quelea","Red-billed Quelea","Red-billed Quelea",null,null,"grassland with sparse bushes, dry thornvelds and semiarid scrub south of the Sahara from southern Mauritania and southwestern Mali eastward to southern Sudan and western Eritrea, thence southward through eastern Africa to southern South Africa; more patchily in western Africa in southern Cameroon and from Gabon southward to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719128","rebque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebque1","avibase-2B6DE136",null,null,"India. Senegal, ex Brisson (see Linnaeus, 1776, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 310).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza quelea"],["29101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea quelea quelea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, central Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, northern Nigeria, Cameroon, south-central Chad, and northern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7BEF8BC",null,null,"India. Senegal, ex Brisson (see Linnaeus, 1776, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 310).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza quelea"],["29102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea quelea aethiopica","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan to Eritrea and Somalia, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCD2608F",null,null,"Sennar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/136/mode/1up","Ploceus aethiopicus"],["29103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea quelea lathamii","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Gabon, southern Congo, Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Congo River mouth, Zambia, Malawi, and western Mozambique southward to Namibia (except coastal desert) and southern and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0F79D90",null,null,"near Kurrichaine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/131/mode/1up","Loxia lathamii"],["29104","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea erythrops","(Hartlaub, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.109","Red-headed Quelea","Red-headed Quelea","Red-headed Quelea",null,null,"lowland to foothill savanna, grassland, and cultivation, from Senegambia and Mali eastward though Cameroon and São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea) to western Ethiopia, and southward to Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, and southeastern South Africa; some populations intra-African migrants; extirpated in Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea) but recently reintroduced there",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719124","rehque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehque1","avibase-F8041931",null,null,"São Tome.","Description de cinq nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Afrique occidentale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/119/mode/1up","Ploceus erythrops"],["29105","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea cardinalis","(Hartlaub, 1880)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.151 p.325","Cardinal Quelea","Cardinal Quelea","Cardinal Quelea",null,null,"patchy in foothill to montane dry wooded grassland and rank vegetation from South Sudan and western Ethiopia southward to eastern Zambia and Malawi; seasonal dispersal after rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719120","carque1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carque1","avibase-9387DC41",null,null,"Lado.","Vorläufiges über einen neuen Webervogel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/337/mode/1up","Hyphantica cardinalis"],["29106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea cardinalis cardinalis","(Hartlaub, 1880)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.151 p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E853C0B5",null,null,"Lado.","Vorläufiges über einen neuen Webervogel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/337/mode/1up","Hyphantica cardinalis"],["29107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Quelea cardinalis rhodesiae","Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1944","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 64 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDDB0253",null,null,"near Molilo's, Petauke, eastern Luangwa District, northeastern Northern Rhodesia.","A new Race of Quelea from Northern Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125661#page/89/mode/1up","Quelea cardinalis rhodesiae"],["29108","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia madagascariensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 70).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/183/mode/1up","Foudia"],["29109","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia sechellarum","Newton, 1867","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.2 p.346","Seychelles Fody","Seychelles Fody","Seychelles Fody",null,null,"Seychelles Islands (Cousin, Cousine, and Frégate)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719155","seyfod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seyfod1","avibase-B55985C7",null,null,"Marianne Island.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from the Seychelles Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/368/mode/1up","Foudia sechellarum"],["29110","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia flavicans","Newton, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.47 pl.1 fig.1,2","Rodrigues Fody","Rodrigues Fody","Rodrigues Fody",null,null,"Rodrigues (eastern Mascarene Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719159","rodfod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rodfod1","avibase-CC3F83AD",null,null,"Rodriguez Island.","On Two New Birds from the Island of Rodriguez.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/75/mode/1up","Foudia flavicans"],["29111","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia rubra","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.877","Mauritius Fody","Mauritius Fody","Mauritius Fody",null,null,"uplands of southwestern Mauritius (western Mascarene Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719149","maufod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maufod1","avibase-2F37FD05",null,null,"Isle de France [= Mauritius].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/378/mode/1up","Emberiza rubra"],["29112","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia eminentissima","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.446","Comoro Fody","Comoro Fody",null,"2025-0500","Taxon <em>consobrina </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>Foudia eminentissima</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Marked plumage variation occurs within the<em> F. eminentissima</em> complex and mitochondrial DNA shows <em>consobrina </em>to be part of a basal polytomy (Warren et al. 2012). Further research, including assessment of past introgression, would help define species limits in this group.","evergreen forest in the Comoros Islands, including Mayotte",null,null,null,"rehfod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehfod1","avibase-8DE8976D",null,null,"Africa orient. 'Zanzibar', error for Moheli Island, fide Benson (1960, Ibis, 103 b, p. 101).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/690/mode/1up","Foudia eminentissimus"],["29113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia eminentissima consobrina","Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 101, no.3 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Grande Comore (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3706ABE9",null,null,"Angasiza [= Grand Comoro].","Observations sur la faune de la grande Comore.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23718#page/228/mode/1up","Foudia consobrina"],["29114","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia eminentissima anjuanensis","(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1888)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin ser.2, vol.10, fasc.2 p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Anjouan (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72E3C7D0",null,null,"Anjouan, Comoro Islands.","Études sur les mammifères et les oiseaux des îles Comores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/256620#page/285/mode/1up","Ploceus (Foudia) anjuanensis"],["29115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia eminentissima eminentissima","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"Mohéli (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F910682",null,null,"Africa orient. 'Zanzibar', error for Moheli Island, fide Benson (1960, Ibis, 103 b, p. 101).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/690/mode/1up","Foudia eminentissimus"],["29116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia eminentissima algondae","(Schlegel, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.3 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"Mayotte (Comoros)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9822CE5F",null,null,"Mayotte.","[List of the most remarkable species of Mammals and Birds collected by Messrs. Fr. Pollen and D. C. van Dam in Madagascar].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/513/mode/1up","Ploceus algondae"],["29117","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia madagascariensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.300","Red Fody","Red Fody","Red Fody",null,null,"Madagascar; introduced Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Rodrigues, Amirantes, and Chagos Islands (Indian Ocean); also on St. Helena (Atlantic Ocean); and Bahrain (Arabian Peninsula); present also on Glorieuses and Comoro islands (Indian Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719132","redfod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redfod1","avibase-F7DFA41B",null,null,"Madagascar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/304/mode/1up","Loxia madagascariensis"],["29118","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia aldabrana","Ridgway, 1893","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.953 p.598","Aldabra Fody","Aldabra Fody","Aldabra Fody",null,null,"Aldabra (western Indian Ocean)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103811282","rehfod3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehfod3","avibase-8999FD8C",null,null,"Aldabra Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/754/mode/1up","Foudia aldabrana"],["29119","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Foudia omissa","Rothschild, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.26","Forest Fody","Forest Fody","Forest Fody",null,null,"forest of eastern Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719144","forfod1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forfod1","avibase-FD358454",null,null,"Tamatave, Madagascar.","Exhibition and description of a new Weaver-Finch from Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/52/mode/1up","Foudia omissa"],["29120","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes","Swainson, 1829","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.1, no.8 pl.37,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Loxia orix [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92611#page/233/mode/1up","Euplectes"],["29121","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes aureus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.846","Golden-backed Bishop","Golden-backed Bishop","Golden-backed Bishop",null,null,"lowland grassland, open acacia savanna, and farmbush in coastal west-central Angola; presumably introduced to São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719196","gobbis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobbis1","avibase-2B94D2D5",null,null,"Benguela (ex Brown, 1776, Nouv. Illustr. Zool., pl. 25).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/347/mode/1up","Loxia aurea"],["29122","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes afer","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.857","Yellow-crowned Bishop","Yellow-crowned Bishop","Yellow-crowned Bishop",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill grassland and seasonal swamps from southern Mauritania eastward to southern Sudan and central Ethiopia, southward to northern Namibia and Zimbabwe, thence southward to Lesotho and eastern South Africa, seasonally nomadic with rains; introduced on Iberian Peninsula, Jamaica, and some eastern Caribbean islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719164","yecbis","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecbis","avibase-4A58452B",null,null,"Africa (Senegal; Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 65, p. 10).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/358/mode/1up","Loxia afra"],["29123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes afer strictus","Hartlaub, 1857","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5867569E",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/203/mode/1up","Euplectes strictus"],["29124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes afer afer","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.857",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania, Gambia, coastal regions of Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone, northeastern Ivory Coast, riverine areas of Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, southwestern Niger, northern and central Nigeria, northern, central, and western Cameroon, northern Central African Republic, western Sudan, and Nile Valley, southward to Congo along rivers, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Angola (Luanda region); sporadic records from Liberia, Chad and Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBFF8D7F",null,null,"Africa (Senegal; Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 65, p. 10).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/358/mode/1up","Loxia afra"],["29125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes afer ladoensis","Reichenow, 1885","Journal für Ornithologie 33, no.170 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49594E0A",null,null,"Lado.","[Über eine Anzahl von Bälgen, welche der Afrikareisende Teusz während seines Aufenthaltes am Stanley Pool gesammelt hat].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101743#page/230/mode/1up","Euplectes ladoensis"],["29126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes afer taha","Smith, 1836","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola, Zambia, and southwestern Tanzania to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50B18CF8",null,null,"north and east of Kurrichaine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/130/mode/1up","Euplectes taha"],["29127","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes gierowii","Cabanis, 1880","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.149 p.106","Black Bishop","Black Bishop","Black Bishop",null,null,"very patchily distributed in lowland to montane grassland, bush, and swamp from Cameroon and western Central African Republic eastward to western Ethiopia, and southward to northwestern Angola and central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719172","blabis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blabis1","avibase-CC7862AF",null,null,"interior of southwestern Africa (Malange [northern Angola], in Reichenow (1904, Vög. Afr., 3, p. 118)).","[Über die Sammlungen des Afrikanreisenden Otto Schütt].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/118/mode/1up","Euplectes gierowii"],["29128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes gierowii ansorgei","(Hartert, 1899)","Under the African sun; a description of native races in Uganda, sporting adventures and other experiences App. p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"western, eastern, and southern Cameroon, southern Central African Republic, northern Congo, northern and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern and eastern South Sudan, western and southwestern Ethiopia, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8020E84",null,null,"Masindi [western Uganda].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/70251#page/400/mode/1up","Pyromelana ansorgei"],["29129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes gierowii friederichseni","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Kenya to north-central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83340007",null,null,"Nguruman [southern Kenya border, about lat. 2° S., long. 36° E.].","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/66/mode/1up","Euplectes friederichseni"],["29130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes gierowii gierowii","Cabanis, 1880","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.149 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C0F6D53",null,null,"interior of southwestern Africa (Malange [northern Angola], in Reichenow (1904, Vög. Afr., 3, p. 118)).","[Über die Sammlungen des Afrikanreisenden Otto Schütt].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/118/mode/1up","Euplectes gierowii"],["29131","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes franciscanus","(Isert, 1789)","Schriften der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 9 p.332 pl.9","Northern Red Bishop","Northern Red Bishop","Northern Red Bishop",null,null,"lowland to montane tall or brushy grassland, seasonally flooded wetland, and cultivation, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward through Sahel to Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and southward to southern Nigeria, Uganda, and western Kenya; introduced in Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719181","orabis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orabis1","avibase-3D122849",null,null,"Accra [Ghana]",null,null,"Loxia franciscana"],["29132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes franciscanus franciscanus","(Isert, 1789)","Schriften der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 9 p.332 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to Ethiopia (except southeastern), Uganda, and central Kenya; introduced to Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Martinique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FB591D8",null,null,"Accra [Ghana]",null,null,"Loxia franciscana"],["29133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes franciscanus pusillus","(Hartert, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72D69E30",null,null,"Lake Stephanie.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/231/mode/1up","Pyromelana franciscana pusilla"],["29134","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes ardens","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39","Red-collared Widowbird","Red-collared Widowbird","Red-collared Widowbird","2025-0499","Taxon <em>laticauda </em>(polytypic, including <em>suahelicus</em>) is split from <em>Euplectes ardens</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage, molts, and tail length. A genetic analysis dominated by mitochondrial DNA data places <em>E. l. suahelicus</em> as a divergent sister lineage to <em>E. ardens</em> (Prager et al. 2008) in support of this treatment; as nominate <em>E. laticauda</em> was not included in the analysis, further genetic work is desirable.","patchy in lowland to submontane open or sparsely-wooded grassland, cultivation, farmbush, and forest clearings, from Guinea (possibly Senegal) and southern Mali eastward to northern Uganda and southeastern Kenya, and southward to northern Angola, Zimbabwe, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103810858","recwid3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recwid3","avibase-26618AA1",null,null,"'Cape of Good Hope', ex pl. 647.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Fringilla ardens"],["29135","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes laticauda","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24","Red-cowled Widowbird","Red-cowled Widowbird","Red-cowled Widowbird","2025-0499","Taxon <em>laticauda </em>(polytypic, including <em>suahelicus</em>) is split from <em>Euplectes ardens</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage, molts, and tail length. A genetic analysis dominated by mitochondrial DNA data places <em>E. l. suahelicus</em> as a divergent sister lineage to <em>E. ardens</em> (Prager et al. 2008) in support of this treatment; as nominate <em>E. laticauda</em> was not included in the analysis, further genetic work is desirable.","patchy in foothill and montane grassland, wooded savanna, and open bush in eastern South Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, and in western and central Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103810956","recwid2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recwid2","avibase-6A1F6033",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla laticauda"],["29136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes laticauda laticauda","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern South Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C16C2823",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla laticauda"],["29137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes laticauda suahelicus","(Van Someren, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35041881",null,null,"Nairobi River.","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, descriptions of new East African species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/151/mode/1up","Penthetria laticauda suahelica"],["29138","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes orix","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.177","Southern Red Bishop","Southern Red Bishop","Southern Red Bishop",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, farmbush, and cultivation, from northern Angola eastward to southern Uganda and southern Kenya, and southward to South Africa; introduced to United Arab Emirates",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719186","redbis","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redbis","avibase-95F08BC3",null,null,"interior of Africa (Angola, ex Edwards, 1751, Nat. Hist. Birds, 4, pl. 178).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza orix"],["29139","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes nigroventris","Cassin, 1848","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.3 p.66","Zanzibar Red Bishop","Zanzibar Red Bishop","Zanzibar Red Bishop",null,null,"lowland to foothill coastal grassland and cultivation from southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (Zanzibar), and southward to southwestern Tanzania and northern Mozambique; escapees reported Singapore",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719191","zanbis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zanbis1","avibase-A31AC101",null,null,"Zanzibar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/90/mode/1up","Euplectes nigroventris"],["29140","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes diadematus","Fischer & Reichenow, 1878","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 3 p.88","Fire-fronted Bishop","Fire-fronted Bishop","Fire-fronted Bishop",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, bushy coastal dunes, cultivation, and seasonally flooded wetlands, from central Kenya eastward to southern Somalia, and southward to southeastern Kenya and adjacent far northeastern Tanzania; migratory or nomadic dispersal related to rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719168","fifbis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fifbis1","avibase-95A724BE",null,null,"Malindi [Kenya coast].","Vereins-Angelegenheiten","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_3_I-LXXVI.pdf","Euplectes diadematus"],["29141","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes hordeaceus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.173","Black-winged Red Bishop","Black-winged Bishop","Black-winged Bishop",null,null,"lowland to submontane savanna, tall grassland, cultivation, farmbush, and seasonal wetland, from southern Mauritania and Mali eastward to southern Sudan and Ethiopia, and southward through Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (Zanzibar), to Angola, northern and eastern Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique; introduced to São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719176","blwbis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwbis1","avibase-7B414273",null,null,"In Indiis, error for Senegal (Gyldenstolpe, 1924, Kongl. Svensk Vet.-Akad. Handl., (3) 1, (3), p. 44).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/192/mode/1up","Loxia hordeacea"],["29142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes hordeaceus hordeaceus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to western Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania, and southward to Angola, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-873DFAF1",null,null,"In Indiis, error for Senegal (Gyldenstolpe, 1924, Kongl. Svensk Vet.-Akad. Handl., (3) 1, (3), p. 44).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/192/mode/1up","Loxia hordeacea"],["29143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes hordeaceus craspedopterus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia southward to Uganda and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A3F2499",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/690/mode/1up","Ploceus craspedopterus"],["29144","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes anomalus","(Reichenow, 1887)","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.178 p.214","Bob-tailed Weaver","Bob-tailed Weaver","Bob-tailed Weaver","2026-058","Brachycope anomala is placed in the genus <em>Euplectes</em> as <em>E. anomalus</em> based on genetics. The monotypic genus <em>Brachycope</em> has sometimes been placed within <em>Euplectes</em> (Amadon et al. 1962) a treatment supported by limited mitochondrial DNA data (De Silva et al. 2019). Although ecological similarities between <em>anomala</em> and <em>Euplectes</em> have been noted (Chapin 1954, Sinclair 2007), further research, including a more comprehensive genetic analysis, is desirable.","patchy in lowland grassy clearings in forest near major rivers from southeastern Cameroon, southwestern Central African Republic, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to far western and central Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719116","botwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/botwea1","avibase-D76AC221",null,null,"Stanley Falls.","Neue Vogelarten aus dem oberen Kongo-Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/226/mode/1up","Ploceus anomalus"],["29145","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes albonotatus","(Cassin, 1848)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.3 p.65","White-winged Widowbird","White-winged Widowbird","White-winged Widowbird",null,null,"lowland and foothill bushed grassland from Central African Republic eastward through southern Sudan to Ethiopia, southward to Angola, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, and Zimbabwe, thence southward to southern Mozambique and eastern South Africa; introduced to São Tomé",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719223","whwwid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwwid1","avibase-749E7B3C",null,null,"Port Natal [= Durban].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/89/mode/1up","Vidua albonotata"],["29146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes albonotatus eques","(Hartlaub, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.106, pl. XV",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic, southwestern Sudan, southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-142E25B2",null,null,"Kazeh [= Tabora].","On some Birds collected by Capt. J. E. Speke at Kazeh in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/158/mode/1up","Vidua eques"],["29147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes albonotatus asymmetrurus","(Reichenow, 1891)","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"western Gabon to western Angola; São Tomé",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F2F8F0F",null,null,"'Africae occidentalis regio australis'. Type in Berlin Museum from Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo (Stresemann, in litt.).","[Drei neue afrikanische Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/140/mode/1up","Penthetria asymmetrura"],["29148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes albonotatus albonotatus","(Cassin, 1848)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.3 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Tanzania to northeastern Botswana and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53A35873",null,null,"Port Natal [= Durban].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/89/mode/1up","Vidua albonotata"],["29149","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes axillaris","(Smith, 1838)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.4 pl.17,text","Fan-tailed Widowbird","Fan-tailed Widowbird","Fan-tailed Widowbird",null,null,"patchy in sub-Saharan Africa (avoiding rainforest and southwest Africa), in grassland from southern Mali eastward to South Sudan, thence southward to northeastern Namibia and northwestern Botswana, and from western Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward through east Africa, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar, Tanzania), to southern Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719204","fatwid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatwid1","avibase-B08FF959",null,null,"between seven and eight hundred miles to the eastward of Cape Town'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/77/mode/1up","Vidua axillaris"],["29150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes axillaris bocagei","(Sharpe, 1871)","Catalogue of African birds in the collection of R. B. Sharpe p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali to Angola, southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Botswana, and Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACA9A06F",null,null,"Angola. Type in British Museum from Huilla, southern Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47642#page/73/mode/1up","Urobrachya bocagei"],["29151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes axillaris traversii","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB58FDBA",null,null,"Sulta, Shoa. [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/293/mode/1up","Urobrachia traversii"],["29152","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes axillaris phoeniceus","(Heuglin, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.304,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan, South Sudan, and western Ethiopia southward through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya to eastern Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31C06369",null,null,"Sobat River.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Januar-Heft 1862, S. 24 u. f.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/330/mode/1up","Coliuspasser phoeniceus"],["29153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes axillaris zanzibaricus","(Shelley, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.3 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01AA1610",null,null,"'Lamo, Melinda, Pangani, Usambara mountains' [Tanzania]. Type in British Museum from Malindi, coast of Kenya.","List of Birds recently collected by Dr. Kirk in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/720/mode/1up","Urobrachya zanzibarica"],["29154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes axillaris axillaris","(Smith, 1838)","Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836 pt.4 pl.17,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi and Mozambique southward to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C302697",null,null,"between seven and eight hundred miles to the eastward of Cape Town'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210547#page/77/mode/1up","Vidua axillaris"],["29155","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes macroura","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.845","Yellow-mantled Widowbird","Yellow-mantled Widowbird","Yellow-mantled Widowbird",null,null,"lowland to montane grasslands and wooded swamps from Senegal eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, southward to Angola, Zambia, Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, and adjacent Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719209","yeswid2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeswid2","avibase-F5E0EA0D",null,null,"Whidah [= Dahomey].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/346/mode/1up","Loxia macroura"],["29156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes macroura macrocercus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ED105CA",null,null,"Nubia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla macrocerca"],["29157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes macroura macroura","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.845",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Senegal to Liberia, eastward to southern Sudan and South Sudan, southward to central Angola, Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, western Mozambique, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53352613",null,null,"Whidah [= Dahomey].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/346/mode/1up","Loxia macroura"],["29158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes macroura conradsi","(Berger, 1908)","Journal für Ornithologie 56, no.3 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Tanzania (Ukerewe Island in Lake Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C25FA581",null,null,"Ukerewe Island.","Coliuspasser macroura conradsi n. subsp. W. und S.W. Afrika ; Ostafrika'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43348#page/499/mode/1up","Coliuspasser macrourus conradsi"],["29159","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.306","Yellow Bishop","Yellow Bishop","Yellow Bishop",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane grassland and Fynbos from southeastern Nigeria to southern Cameroon and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and from Ethiopia and southern South Sudan southward to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Mozambique, and thence southward to Lesotho and southern and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719200","yelbis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelbis1","avibase-97A73D9F",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/310/mode/1up","Loxia capensis"],["29160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes capensis phoenicomerus","Gray, 1862","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1060838E",null,null,"Cameroon Mt., 7,000 ft.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/460/mode/1up","Euplectes phoenicomerus"],["29161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes capensis xanthomelas","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF52CA85",null,null,"Temben and Simen, Abyssinia. (Erroneously reproduced as Pyromelana xanthomelaena by Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 239).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/174/mode/1up","Euplectes xanthomelas"],["29162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes capensis angolensis","Neunzig, 1928","Zoologischer Anzeiger 78 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central highlands of Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EF32887",null,null,"Angola; herewith restricted to Malange.","Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Ploceiden. VI. Neue Rassen.",null,"Euplectes capensis angolensis"],["29163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes capensis crassirostris","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, Uganda, eastern and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, central Kenya and southern Tanzania southward to Zambia, Malawi, central Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa, and central and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB3E91DE",null,null,"north end of Ruwenzori.","Description of five new species of birds procured by the Ruwenzori Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/40/mode/1up","Pyromelana crassirostris"],["29164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes capensis approximans","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (Knysna to Gauteng Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FDDD37D",null,null,"South Africa (restricted to 'Kaffernland', bv Reichenow, 1904, Vög. Afr., 3, p. 127).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/193/mode/1up","Orynx approximans"],["29165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes capensis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Africa to Knysna",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87DD983B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/310/mode/1up","Loxia capensis"],["29166","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes hartlaubi","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.259","Marsh Widowbird","Marsh Widowbird","Marsh Widowbird",null,null,"lowland and foothill swampy grassland from southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon eastward (except Congolian rainforest), to Uganda and western Kenya, and southward to western Angola, thence eastward to Zambia and southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719233","marwid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marwid1","avibase-59E7ABE5",null,null,"Lado. Preoccupied by Penthetria hartlaubi Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 24, p. 259.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/271/mode/1up","Penthetria hartlaubi"],["29167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes hartlaubi humeralis","(Sharpe, 1901)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Nigeria to Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0955314E",null,null,"'Mt. Elgon', but type in British Museum labeled Nandi.","[Descriptions of three new species of birds from Equatorial Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/215/mode/1up","Penthetriopsis humeralis"],["29168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes hartlaubi hartlaubi","(Bocage, 1878)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 6 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB7DC2C2",null,null,"Lado. Preoccupied by Penthetria hartlaubi Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 24, p. 259.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121117#page/271/mode/1up","Penthetria hartlaubi"],["29169","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes jacksoni","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.246 pl.5","Jackson's Widowbird","Jackson's Widowbird","Jackson's Widowbird",null,null,"foothill to montane open grassland in southwestern Kenya highlands and adjacent northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719249","jacwid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jacwid1","avibase-87071086",null,null,"Kikuyu.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part I. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/278/mode/1up","Drepanoplectes jacksoni"],["29170","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes psammacromius","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.39","Montane Widowbird","Buff-shouldered Widowbird","Montane Widowbird",null,null,"submontane to montane short grassland, often near streams, in southwestern Tanzania highlands, far northeastern Zambia, and northern Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719238","buswid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buswid1","avibase-F7C77F74",null,null,"Tandala, Ukinga.","Neue Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/57/mode/1up","Penthetria psammocromia"],["29171","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes progne","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39","Long-tailed Widowbird","Long-tailed Widowbird","Long-tailed Widowbird",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to highland short-grass and coastal grassland, in central Kenya, and from Angola eastward to northeastern Zambia, and from southeastern Botswana to southern Mozambique, eastern South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719244","lotwid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotwid1","avibase-3153FE22",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex pl. 653.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Emberiza progne"],["29172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes progne delamerei","(Shelley, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in highlands of Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A437780E",null,null,"North Kenya. Type in British Museum from Ngare Mossor, north of Mt. Kenya.","Notes on African Ploceidae and Alaudidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/449/mode/1up","Coliuspasser delamerei"],["29173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes progne delacouri","Wolters, 1953","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 73 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7BA5279",null,null,"[Bihe, Angola].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125674#page/58/mode/1up","Euplectes progne delacouri"],["29174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Euplectes progne progne","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Botswana to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and eastern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F555957",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope, ex pl. 653.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/61/mode/1up","Emberiza progne"],["29175","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Anaplectes","Reichenbach, 1863","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.3 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ploceus melanotis [Lafresnaye, 1840]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 411). = Ploceus leuconotus J.W. von Müller, 1851  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/110/mode/1up","Anaplectes"],["29176","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Anaplectes jubaensis","Van Someren, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.94","Red Weaver","Red Weaver","Red Weaver","2025-0504","Taxon <em>jubaensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anaplectes rubriceps</em> (polytypic) based on plumage differences. Taxon <em>leuconotos </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>A. rubriceps</em> based on plumage similarities and the presence of a broad zone of hybridization between them.","patchy in lowland coastal bush and moist woodland in southern coastal Somalia and far northern coastal Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812651","rehwea3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehwea3","avibase-ECE36984",null,null,"southwest of Juba River [i. e. northeastern Kenya].","Descriptions of new forms from East Africa and Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/362/mode/1up","Anaplectes jubaensis"],["29177","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Anaplectes rubriceps","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.97","Red-headed Weaver","Red-headed Weaver",null,"2025-0504","Taxon <em>jubaensis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anaplectes rubriceps</em> (polytypic) based on plumage differences. Taxon <em>leuconotos </em>is retained as a subspecies of <em>A. rubriceps</em> based on plumage similarities and the presence of a broad zone of hybridization between them.","lowland to montane bushveld, acacia savanna, broadleaf and miombo woodland, from Senegambia eastward across the Sahel to Ethiopia and western Somalia, southward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to northern Namibia and Mozambique, and thence southward to Eswatini and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,"rehwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehwea1","avibase-4D19099B",null,null,"Upper Caffraria, near the Tropic. Restricted to Mohapoani, Witfontein Mts., western Transvaal, by Gyldenstolpe (1934, Ibis, p. 292).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/107/mode/1up","Ploceus (Hyphanthornis) rubriceps"],["29178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Anaplectes rubriceps leuconotos","(Müller, 1851)","Naumannia 1, heft 4 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to southern Chad, northern Central African Republic, southwestern and southern Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia, southward through Uganda and Kenya to Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B8D1BAD",null,null,"Abyssinia.","Diagnosen der in dem ersten Bande der Beiträge zur Ornithologie Africa's von John Wilhelm von Müller enthaltenen neuen Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19690#page/342/mode/1up","Ploceus leuconotus"],["29179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Anaplectes rubriceps rubriceps","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northeastern Namibia, southern Zambia, Mozambique, and northeastern southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F711277",null,null,"Upper Caffraria, near the Tropic. Restricted to Mohapoani, Witfontein Mts., western Transvaal, by Gyldenstolpe (1934, Ibis, p. 292).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/107/mode/1up","Ploceus (Hyphanthornis) rubriceps"],["29180","genus","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus","Vieillot, 1805","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.71",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Malimbus cristatus [Vieillot, 1805]; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Tanagra malimbica Daudin, 1802",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/173/mode/1up","Malimbus"],["29181","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus coronatus","Sharpe, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.18","Red-crowned Malimbe","Red-crowned Malimbe","Red-crowned Malimbe",null,null,"patchy in lowland primary forest, mature secondary forest, and swamp-forest, from western and southern Cameroon and Gabon eastward to central and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719069","recmal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recmal2","avibase-7B17318C",null,null,"River Ja, Cameroons.","Exhibition of two new species from the River Ja.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/442/mode/1up","Malimbus coronatus"],["29182","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus nitens","(Gray, 1831)","The zoological miscellany 1 p.7","Blue-billed Malimbe","Blue-billed Malimbe","Blue-billed Malimbe",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary and secondary forest, and swamp-forest with palms, from southwestern Senegal and Guinea-Bissau eastward to southwestern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and far western Uganda, and southward to Cabinda (northwestern Angola) and northeastern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719099","gramal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gramal1","avibase-E27AFD14",null,null,"Sierra Leone (cf. Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 481).","XI. Description of some new species of African Birds discovered by Capt. Edward Sabine, R.A. in the Collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/19/mode/1up","Ploceus nitens"],["29183","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus malimbicus","(Daudin, 1802)","Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, par les professeurs de cet éstablissement. Ouvrage orné de gravures 1 p.151","Crested Malimbe","Crested Malimbe","Crested Malimbe",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary and old secondary rainforest and plantations, from southeast Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719104","cremal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cremal1","avibase-D0203B65",null,null,"Malimbe [Portuguese Congo].","Observations sur les Oiseaux rangés dans le genre Tangara ; avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle, trouvée en Afrique'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92469#page/154/mode/1up","Tanagra malimbica"],["29184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus malimbicus nigrifrons","(Hartlaub, 1855)","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.17 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone eastward to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B94EC37A",null,null,"Río Bontry [=Butre], Ghana.","Beschreibung einiger neuen, von Herrn H. S. Pel, höllandischem Residenten an der Goldküste, dasselbst gesammelten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/368/mode/1up","Sycobius nigrifrons"],["29185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus malimbicus malimbicus","(Daudin, 1802)","Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, par les professeurs de cet éstablissement. Ouvrage orné de gravures 1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon eastward to western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10EF9186",null,null,"Malimbe [Portuguese Congo].","Observations sur les Oiseaux rangés dans le genre Tangara ; avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle, trouvée en Afrique'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92469#page/154/mode/1up","Tanagra malimbica"],["29186","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus racheliae","(Cassin, 1857)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9 p.36","Rachel's Malimbe","Rachel's Malimbe","Rachel's Malimbe",null,null,"lowland primary forest and adjacent parasol tree woodland, from southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon, and southward to northern Gabon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719083","racmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/racmal1","avibase-EA26AF30",null,null,"River Muni [Spanish Guinea].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30013#page/50/mode/1up","Sycobius racheliae"],["29187","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus ballmanni","Wolters, 1974","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 25 p.290","Gola Malimbe","Gola Malimbe","Gola Malimbe",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland primary and old secondary forest in eastern Sierra Leone and adjacent western Liberia; far southeastern Guinea, and eastern Liberia and adjacent western Ivory Coast",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719078","balmal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balmal2","avibase-50D17C91",null,null,"Fundort zwischen dem Cavally-Fluss und Keibli, northwest of Tai (5 52' N, 7 28'W), SW Elfenbeinkuste, Ivory Coast [=Locality between the Cavally River and Keibli, northwest of Tai (5 52' N, 7 28' W), SW Ivory Coast]","Aus der ornithologischen Sammlung des Museums Alexander Koenig. III. Ein neuer Malimbus (Ploceidae, Aves) von der Elfenbeinküste.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156191#page/310/mode/1up","Malimbus ballmanni"],["29188","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus cassini","(Elliot, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.392","Cassin's Malimbe","Black-throated Malimbe","Cassin's Malimbe",null,null,"lowland to foothill tall primary forest, and swamp-forest, often with palms, from southern Cameroon eastward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southward to far western and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719073","bltmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltmal1","avibase-6E20B613",null,null,"Gaboon.","Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/438/mode/1up","Sycobius cassini"],["29189","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus scutatus","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.7 p.157","Red-vented Malimbe","Red-vented Malimbe","Red-vented Malimbe",null,null,"lowland and foothill Upper Guinea rainforest, plantations, and secondary forest, from southeast Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719087","revmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/revmal1","avibase-13AA5A5C",null,null,"'Western Africa'; by inference Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/183/mode/1up","S[y]cobius scutatus"],["29190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus scutatus scutatus","(Cassin, 1849)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, no.7 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southwestern Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BC2E17A",null,null,"'Western Africa'; by inference Sierra Leone.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28006#page/183/mode/1up","S[y]cobius scutatus"],["29191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus scutatus scutopartitus","Reichenow, 1894","Journal für Ornithologie 42, no.1 p.38,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Benin and southern Nigeria to southwestern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F41F1E63",null,null,"Victoria [Cameroons].","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Zweiter Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101687#page/48/mode/1up","Malimbus scutopartitus"],["29192","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus rubricollis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.306","Red-headed Malimbe","Red-headed Malimbe","Red-headed Malimbe",null,null,"lowland to montane primary and transitional forest from Guinea (reported Guinea-Bissau) eastward to southern Central Africa Republic, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), southward to northwestern Angola, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and Uganda eastward to far western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719108","rehmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehmal1","avibase-960B56F2",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo (ex Vieillot, Ois. Chant., pl. 43).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/318/mode/1up","Ploceus rubricollis"],["29193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus rubricollis bartletti","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"western Guinea to Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3CACAEC0",null,null,"Wasa Province [Ghana].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/499/mode/1up","Malimbus bartletti"],["29194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus rubricollis nigeriae","Bannerman, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Benin to southern Nigeria (eastward to Niger delta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBF868C3",null,null,"Iju, near Lagos, Nigeria.","Description of two new races of Weaver-bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/107/mode/1up","Malimbus rubricollis nigeriae"],["29195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus rubricollis rubricollis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to lower Congo River and Angola (Cabinda), eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F2C57EC",null,null,"Malimba, Portuguese Congo (ex Vieillot, Ois. Chant., pl. 43).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/318/mode/1up","Ploceus rubricollis"],["29196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus rubricollis rufovelatus","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CF29CAB",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Exhibition and description of some new species of Birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/294/mode/1up","Euplectes rufovelatus"],["29197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus rubricollis praedi","Bannerman, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola (Uige, Cuanza Norte, and Cuanza Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6241DEAB",null,null,"Ndalla Tando (= Vila Salazar), Angola.","Description of two new races of Weaver-bird.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/108/mode/1up","Malimbus rubricollis praedi"],["29198","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus erythrogaster","Reichenow, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1, no.12 p.205","Red-bellied Malimbe","Red-bellied Malimbe","Red-bellied Malimbe",null,null,"southeastern Nigeria eastward to far western Uganda and southward to Gabon and east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719095","rebmal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebmal1","avibase-A41AEDC9",null,null,"Jaunde, Kamerun.","Malimbus erythrogaster n. sp. von Kamerun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/219/mode/1up","Malimbus erythrogaster"],["29199","species","Passeriformes","Ploceidae","Weavers and allies","Malimbus ibadanensis","Elgood, 1958","Ibis vol.100 p.622","Ibadan Malimbe","Ibadan Malimbe","Ibadan Malimbe",null,null,"very local in lowland forest-savanna mosaic, dense secondary forest edge, farmbush in degraded forests, and parkland in southwestern Nigeria",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719091","ibamal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ibamal1","avibase-228DDFAD",null,null,"Ibadan, Eastern Nigeria.","A new species of Malimbus.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1958.tb07966.x","Malimbus ibadanensis"],["29200","family","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Viduidae",null,null,"Whydahs and Indigobirds","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Whydahs and Indigobirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"viduid1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viduid1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["29201","genus","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Anomalospiza","Shelley, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Crithagra rendalli [Tristram, 1895]; type by original designation = Crithagra imberbis Cabanis, 1868  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/286/mode/1up","Anomalospiza"],["29202","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Anomalospiza imberbis","(Cabanis, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.96 p.412","Cuckoo-finch","Cuckoo-Finch","Cuckoo-finch",null,null,"patchily distributed Sierra Leone and southern Mali eastward to Ethiopia and southward to Angola and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719254","parwea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parwea1","avibase-C97A5C39",null,null,"East Africa = Mombasa, cf. Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1945, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 66, p. 9.","[Über die ornithologische Ausbeute der Reisen des Baron v. d. Decken in Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/428/mode/1up","Crithagra imberbis"],["29203","genus","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza vidua [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Fringilla macroura Pallas, 1764  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/430/mode/1up","Vidua"],["29204","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua paradisaea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.178","Long-tailed Paradise Whydah","Eastern Paradise-Whydah","Long-tailed Paradise-whydah",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, miombo woodland, acacia savanna, and fallow cultivation, from southern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to eastern Rwanda and Tanzania, and from Angola eastward to Malawi and Mozambique, thence southward to northern Namibia, Botswana, and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720012","eapwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eapwhy1","avibase-ACF0F1A2",null,null,"Africa ; restricted to Angola by Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 312.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/197/mode/1up","Emberiza paradisaea"],["29205","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua obtusa","(Chapin, 1922)","American Museum Novitates no.43 p.6","Broad-tailed Paradise Whydah","Broad-tailed Paradise-Whydah","Broad-tailed Paradise-whydah",null,null,"lowland to foothill miombo woodland, grassy riverine woodland, and fallow cultivation, from northern Angola to Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Kenya, and northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720020","btpwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btpwhy1","avibase-C1A42CCA",null,null,"Luchenza, Nyasaland.","The species and geographic races of Steganura.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4127/","Steganura aucupum obtusa"],["29206","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua togoensis","(Grote, 1923)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 31 p.43","Togo Paradise Whydah","Togo Paradise-Whydah","Togo Paradise-whydah",null,null,"lowland open woodland and old cultivation from southern Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to Togo, and disjunctly in south-central Mali, northern Benin, and western Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719998","topwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/topwhy1","avibase-E60F7093",null,null,"Kete, Togoland.","Steganura paradisaea togoensis nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101437#page/59/mode/1up","Steganura paradisaea togoensis"],["29207","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua interjecta","(Grote, 1922)","Journal für Ornithologie 70, no.2-3 p.402","Exclamatory Paradise Whydah","Exclamatory Paradise-Whydah","Exclamatory Paradise-whydah",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, tall grassland with scattered trees, and brushy rocky hillsides, from Senegambia eastward through central Nigeria to southern South Sudan,southeastern Sudan, and eastern Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818534","ltpwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltpwhy1","avibase-78607A22",null,null,"between Nola and Mbaiki, east Cameroon [= Oubangui-Chari] .","Bemerkungen über einige neue afrikanische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215787#page/418/mode/1up","Steganura paradisea interjecta"],["29208","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua orientalis","Heuglin, 1870","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.583","Sahel Paradise Whydah","Sahel Paradise-Whydah","Sahel Paradise-whydah",null,null,"lowland acacia savanna and open woodland across Sahel from southern Mauritania, Senegal, and Gambia eastward through northern Cameroon, Central African Republic, and South Sudan, to Eritrea and western Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818583","nopwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nopwhy1","avibase-DFCFAB2A",null,null,"Bogosland ; type from Keren, Eritrea, see Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78, p. 181.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105306#page/175/mode/1up","Vidua paradisea orientalis"],["29209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua orientalis aucupum","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to northwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DE43D02",null,null,"Diourbel, 140 km. east of Dakar, Senegal.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies collected by Mr. Riggenbach in Senegambia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/69/mode/1up","Steganura paradisea aucupum"],["29210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua orientalis orientalis","Heuglin, 1870","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.583",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Cameroon and southern Chad eastward to southern Sudan, northern South Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D179D6D",null,null,"Bogosland ; type from Keren, Eritrea, see Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78, p. 181.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105306#page/175/mode/1up","Vidua paradisea orientalis"],["29211","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua macroura","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.3 no.144","Pin-tailed Whydah","Pin-tailed Whydah","Pin-tailed Whydah",null,null,"lowland to montane grassy and shrubby savanna, marsh, cultivation, disturbed clearings, and villages, widespread sub-Saharan Africa, from southern Mauritania eastward to Sudan and Eritrea, and southward to South Africa, including São Tomé, Príncipe, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar, Tanzania); introduced to Hawaii, southern California, Florida, Puerto Rico, and escapees elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719988","pitwhy","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitwhy","avibase-673E66F0",null,null,"East Indies ; error, emended to Angola by Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1(2), p. 883.",null,null,"Fringilla (macroura)"],["29212","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua hypocherina","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1856","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.8 p.260 pl.16","Steel-blue Whydah","Steel-blue Whydah","Steel-blue Whydah",null,null,"lowland to foothill thornscrub, and grassland with acacia thickets, from southern South Sudan, central Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719972","stbwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbwhy1","avibase-8D05A048",null,null,"coast of West Africa [undoubtedly East Africa].","Description d'une espèce nouvelle de Veuve.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19522#page/266/mode/1up","Vidua hypocherina"],["29213","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua regia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.313","Shaft-tailed Whydah","Shaft-tailed Whydah","Shaft-tailed Whydah",null,null,"lowland to foothill semiarid grassy thornscrub, acacia savanna, and fallow cultivation, from southern Angola eastward through southwestern Zambia to southern Mozambique, and southward to central Namibia, Botswana, and northern South Africa; some post-breeding nomadic dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719982","shtwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtwhy1","avibase-019E8CA3",null,null,"Africa ; southern Angola suggested by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 810.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/317/mode/1up","Emberiza regia"],["29214","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua fischeri","(Reichenow, 1882)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 7 p.91","Straw-tailed Whydah","Straw-tailed Whydah","Straw-tailed Whydah",null,null,"lowland to foothill short-grass savanna, and arid thornscrub with patches of open ground, from southern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward to central Tanzania; some post-breeding nomadic dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719977","sttwhy1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sttwhy1","avibase-424B857C",null,null,"Usegua, East Africa [= Useguha, Tanganyika].","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeinen Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_7_I-LXVIII.pdf","Linura Fischeri"],["29215","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua chalybeata","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.166","Village Indigobird","Village Indigobird","Village Indigobird",null,null,"widespread in sub-Saharan Africa in lowland and foothill savanna, thornscrub, mopane woodland, and cultivated land from Mauritania and Senegal eastward across the Sahel to Sudan, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, and southward (avoiding Upper Guinea and Congolian rainforest) to central Namibia, northern Botswana, and Mozambique, thence southward to eastern and central South Africa, plus Lesotho and Eswatini, but avoiding the Namib and Kalahari deserts",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719936","vilind","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vilind","avibase-BA01A793",null,null,"Brazil, error; Senegal substituted by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 807.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/186/mode/1up","Fringilla chalybeata"],["29216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua chalybeata chalybeata","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Timbuktu and Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1584E584",null,null,"Brazil, error; Senegal substituted by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 807.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/186/mode/1up","Fringilla chalybeata"],["29217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua chalybeata neumanni","(Alexander, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mali, northern Ivory Coast, and Burkina Faso eastward to Sudan and South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5467436B",null,null,"Yo, near Lake Chad, northern Nigeria","Description of two new species from Lake Chad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/405/mode/1up","Hypochera neumanni"],["29218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua chalybeata ultramarina","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.927",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B255C1D5",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/428/mode/1up","Fringilla ultramarina"],["29219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua chalybeata centralis","(Neunzig, 1928)","Zoologischer Anzeiger 78 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B541B832",null,null,"Kissenji, Congo [=Rwanda]","Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Ploceiden. VI. Neue Rassen.",null,"Hypochera chalybeata centralis"],["29220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua chalybeata amauropteryx","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Africa from southern Somalia to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D6F31C4",null,null,"Rustenburg, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/329/mode/1up","Hypochaera amauropteryx"],["29221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua chalybeata okavangoensis","Payne, 1973","Ornithological Monographs 11 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Botswana, northern Namibia, and western Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EA54F34",null,null,"Maun, Botswana, at the edge of the Okavango Swamp","Behaviour, mimetic songs and song dialects, and relationships of the parasitic indigobirds (Vidua) of Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/4/","Vidua chalybeata okavangoensis"],["29222","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua codringtoni","(Neave, 1907)","Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society 51 p.94 pl.[1]","Zambezi Indigobird","Green Indigobird","Green Indigobird",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland riverine thickets, dense thicket in acacia woodland, and in village gardens, from southern and southeastern Tanzania southward to Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719956","greind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greind1","avibase-634F5756",null,null,"Molilo's, near Petauke. Northern Rhodesia.","On a collection of birds from N.E. Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106322#page/286/mode/1up","Hypochaera codringtoni"],["29223","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua purpurascens","(Reichenow, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.162 p.221","Purple Indigobird","Purple Indigobird","Purple Indigobird",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill grassy woodland, brushy grassland, riparian scrub, and thornscrub, from Kenya and Tanzania southward to northeastern Namibia, Botswana, and northeastern South Africa, and disjunctly in western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719962","purind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purind1","avibase-2AA13F1D",null,null,"Usegua, Tanganyika.","[Zwei neue Arten von Herrn Dr. Fischer in Zanzibar gesammelt].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/233/mode/1up","Hypochera purpurascens"],["29224","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua funerea","(de Tarragon, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.180","Dusky Indigobird","Dusky Indigobird","Dusky Indigobird",null,null,"lowland to montane woodland, riverine forest, and gardens from northern Kenya and Tanzania, and from northern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southward through Zambia, Mozambique, and eastern Zimbabwe to southern and eastern South Africa and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736178","varind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varind1","avibase-49EF9657",null,null,"Natal.","Gout de la musique chez les oiseaux, et description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Fringilla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/188/mode/1up","Fringilla funerea"],["29225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua funerea nigerrima","(Sharpe, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"western Kenya, Tanzania, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique (except far southern), and eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2DB5B9F",null,null,"Angola; type from Golungo Alto, fide Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 311.","On the Birds of Angola. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/175/mode/1up","Hypochera nigerrima"],["29226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua funerea funerea","(de Tarragon, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and far southern Mozambique, south of the Limpopo River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA045B48",null,null,"Natal.","Gout de la musique chez les oiseaux, et description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Fringilla.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/188/mode/1up","Fringilla funerea"],["29227","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua wilsoni","(Hartert, 1901)","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.342","Wilson's Indigobird","Wilson's Indigobird","Wilson's Indigobird",null,null,"lowland to foothill wooded savanna, tall grassland, fallow cultivation, villages, and gardens, from Senegambia and northern Guinea eastward to western Ethiopia, and southward to coastal Ghana, southern Nigeria, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719967","pawind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pawind1","avibase-0D1546EC",null,null,"Yelwa, in Borgu, middle Niger.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. VIII. Kapitel. Verzeichniss der bisher bekannten Vögel des eigentlichen Haussalandes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/384/mode/1up","Hypochaera wilsoni"],["29228","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua nigeriae","(Alexander, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.15","Quailfinch Indigobird","Quailfinch Indigobird","Quailfinch Indigobird",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland to foothill brushy grassland, grassy floodplain, fish farms, rice fields, and cultivation, from southern Mali eastward to southern South Sudan; old records from Gambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732839","quaind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/quaind1","avibase-86FBD1A0",null,null,"Kiri, Gongola River, Nigeria.","Exhibition and description of new species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/387/mode/1up","Hypochera nigeriae"],["29229","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua maryae","Payne, 1982","Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.162 p.42","Jos Plateau Indigobird","Jos Plateau Indigobird","Jos Plateau Indigobird",null,null,"very local in foothill arid bushy savanna with rocky outcrops and inselbergs on Jos Plateau (central Nigeria) and disjunctly in northern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728558","jopind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jopind1","avibase-12EC9197",null,null,"Panshanu, Nigeria, 30 mi. E Jos at 10 06'N, 9 13'E, elev. about 1100 m","Species limits in the indigobirds (Ploceidae, Vidua) of West Africa: Mouth mimicry, song mimicry, and description of new species.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56406","Vidua funerea maryae"],["29230","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua raricola","Payne, 1982","Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.162 p.16","Jambandu Indigobird","Jambandu Indigobird","Jambandu Indigobird",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland to foothill grassy wetland, floodplain, rice and manioc fields, and cultivation, from Sierra Leone eastward through northern Cameroon to western Ethiopia, and southward to South Sudan and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719940","jamind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamind1","avibase-30A131ED",null,null,"Banyo, Cameroon, 6 45' N, 11 50' E, at 1050 m.","Species limits in the indigobirds (Ploceidae, Vidua) of west Africa: mouth mimicry, song mimicry, and description of new species.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56406","Vidua raricola"],["29231","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua larvaticola","Payne, 1982","Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.162 p.33","Barka Indigobird","Barka Indigobird","Barka Indigobird",null,null,"patchy and local in lowland to foothill bushy grassland, fallow cultivation, riverine thickets, and wooded savanna, from Guinea-Bissau and northeastern Ivory Coast eastward to southern Sudan and western Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719944","bakind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bakind1","avibase-04D7BC6C",null,null,"Zaria, Nigeria, 11 10' N, 7 40' E","Species limits in the indigobirds (Ploceidae, Vidua) of west Africa: mouth mimicry, song mimicry, and description of new species.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56406","Vidua larvaticola"],["29232","species","Passeriformes","Viduidae","Whydahs and Indigobirds","Vidua camerunensis","(Grote, 1922)","Journal für Ornithologie 70, no.2-3 p.398","Cameroon Indigobird","Cameroon Indigobird","Cameroon Indigobird",null,null,"patchy and local in foothill riparian woodland, riverine scrub, and grassy or rocky cultivation, from Guinea-Bissau and southern Mali eastward to southern South Sudan and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and disjunctly southward to eastern Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732834","camind1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camind1","avibase-A37F0FEC",null,null,"between Nola and Mbaiki, southeastern Cameroons [= Oubangui-Chari] .","Bemerkungen über einige neue afrikanische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/215787#page/414/mode/1up","Hypochera chalybeata camerunensis"],["29233","family","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrildidae",null,null,"Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Waxbills and Allies","Waxbills","2025-0557","The genus recommendations proposed by Olsson &amp; Alström (2020) are accepted, with the exception that <em>Bathilda ruficauda</em> and <em>Aidemosyne modesta</em> are placed in the genus <em>Emblema</em>, along with <em>E. pictum</em>. Multilocus genetic data (Olsson &amp; Alström 2020), as well as plumage and ecological similarities, unite these three species.",null,null,null,null,"estril1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/estril1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["29234","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Heteromunia","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.2-3 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Amadina pectoralis [Gould, 1841]; type by original designation",null,"New generic names","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/78/mode/1up","Heteromunia"],["29235","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Heteromunia pectoralis","(Gould, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.93 p.127","Pictorella Mannikin","Pictorella Munia","Pictorella Mannikin",null,null,"northern Australia (mainly Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland, but ranges to Pilbara Region and southwestern Cape York Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719908","picmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/picmun1","avibase-E6B72B68",null,null,"northwestern Australia [= Derby].","Descriptions of two new Species of Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/853/mode/1up","Amadina pectoralis"],["29236","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Oreostruthus","De Vis, 1898","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.13 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oreospiza fuliginosa [De Vis, 1897]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/219/mode/1up","Oreostruthus"],["29237","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Oreostruthus fuliginosus","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.389","Mountain Firetail","Mountain Firetail","Mountain Firetail",null,null,"high montane west-central to southeastern New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719663","moufir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moufir1","avibase-069E414F",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/447/mode/1up","Oreospiza fuliginosa"],["29238","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stagonopleura","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia guttata [Shaw, 1796]; type by subsequent designation (Cabanis, 1851, Museum Heineanum, 1, p. 172).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/175/mode/1up","Stagonopleura"],["29239","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stagonopleura guttata","(Shaw, 1796)","Museum Leverianum, containing select specimens from the museum of the late Sir Ashton Lever (etc.) 6 p.47","Diamond Firetail","Diamond Firetail","Diamond Firetail",null,null,"southeastern Australia (central Queensland coast to Eyre Peninsula)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719660","diafir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diafir1","avibase-00AF5DA1",null,null,"Australia [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93481#page/467/mode/1up","Loxia guttata"],["29240","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stagonopleura oculata","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville (etc.). Zoologie. Vol. 1 1 p.211","Red-eared Firetail","Red-eared Firetail","Red-eared Firetail",null,null,"southwestern Australia (Avon Valley to Cape Arid, Western Australia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719657","reefir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reefir1","avibase-AA0BCF4A",null,null,"King George's Sound, Western Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18512#page/269/mode/1up","Fringilla oculata"],["29241","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stagonopleura bella","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliv","Beautiful Firetail","Beautiful Firetail","Beautiful Firetail",null,null,"southeastern Australia including Tasmania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719654","beafir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/beafir1","avibase-82ABFD7F",null,null,"New Holland [= Sydney, New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/50/mode/1up","Loxia bella"],["29242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stagonopleura bella bella","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xliv",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Australia (Hunter River, New South Wales to southern Victoria and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B6FF805",null,null,"New Holland [= Sydney, New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/50/mode/1up","Loxia bella"],["29243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stagonopleura bella interposita","Schodde & Mason, 1999","Directory of Australian birds. Passerines p.745",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Australia and adjacent southwestern Victoria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5E7B19C",null,null,"Big Heath Conservation Park, Naracoorte, SA [=South Australia]",null,"https://archive.org/details/directoryofaustr0000unse/mode/2up","Stagonopleura bella interposita"],["29244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stagonopleura bella samueli","(Mathews, 1912)","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.4 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"central southern Australia (Mount Lofty Range, and Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FED86175",null,null,"Kangaroo Island.","Additions and corrections to my reference list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/130/mode/1up","Zonaeginthus bellus samueli"],["29245","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Neochmia","Gray, 1849","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2, pt.48 p.368,369",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla phaeton [Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148321#page/155/mode/1up","Neochmia"],["29246","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Neochmia phaeton","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.314","Crimson Finch","Crimson Finch",null,"2025-0561","Taxon <em>evangelinae </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Neochmia phaeton</em> based on available evidence. Although differences in plumage, bill coloration, and tail length exist, additional data from vocalizations and genetics are needed.","northern Australia and south-central New Guinea",null,null,null,"crifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crifin1","avibase-F8A8E284",null,null,"Raffles Bay, Northern Territory.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/322/mode/1up","Fringilla phaeton"],["29247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Neochmia phaeton evangelinae","d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.13 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"southern New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAC6FDBA",null,null,"Fly River, 160 miles, New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/95/mode/1up","Neochmia evangelinae"],["29248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Neochmia phaeton phaeton","(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.2, t.16 p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northern Northern Territory, northwestern Queensland), and Wet Tropics (northeastern Queensland, Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27E88DB9",null,null,"Raffles Bay, Northern Territory.","Description de plusieurs Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expédition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110495#page/322/mode/1up","Fringilla phaeton"],["29249","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Neochmia temporalis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlviii","Red-browed Finch","Red-browed Finch","Red-browed Finch",null,null,"eastern Australia; introduced to the Society and Marquesas islands (French Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719666","rebfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebfir1","avibase-4359B503",null,null,"New Holland [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/54/mode/1up","Fringilla temporalis"],["29250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Neochmia temporalis minor","(Campbell, 1901)","Nests and eggs of Australian birds, including the geographical distribution (etc.) 1 p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-469E4596",null,null,"Cape York, Queensland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31784#page/668/mode/1up","Aegintha temporalis minor"],["29251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Neochmia temporalis temporalis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.xlviii",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland, to southeastern South Australia, Mount Lofty Range, and Kangaroo Island); introduced to Leeward and Windward Society and Marquesas islands (French Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-622D5EBF",null,null,"New Holland [= Sydney, New South Wales] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/54/mode/1up","Fringilla temporalis"],["29252","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Emblema","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.7) pl.97, with text",null,null,null,"2025-0557","The genus recommendations proposed by Olsson &amp; Alström (2020) are accepted, with the exception that <em>Bathilda ruficauda</em> and <em>Aidemosyne modesta</em> are placed in the genus <em>Emblema</em>, along with <em>E. pictum</em>. Multilocus genetic data (Olsson &amp; Alström 2020), as well as plumage and ecological similarities, unite these three species.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Emblema pictum [Gould, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/397/mode/1up","Emblema"],["29253","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Emblema pictum","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.7) pl.97, with text","Painted Finch","Painted Finch","Painted Finch",null,null,"northern Australia (Pilbara region, including Barrow Island, central Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719650","paifir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paifir1","avibase-AA669EFC",null,null,"Depuch's Island, Mid-West Australia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/397/mode/1up","Emblema picta"],["29254","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Emblema modestum","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.10 fig.3","Plum-headed Finch","Plum-headed Finch","Plum-headed Finch",null,null,"eastern Australia (northern Queensland to central New South Wales)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719676","plhfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plhfin1","avibase-80FEE3DC",null,null,"Australia [= interior of New South Wales (upper Hunter River)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/384/mode/1up","Amadina modesta"],["29255","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Emblema ruficauda","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.10 fig.2","Star Finch","Star Finch","Star Finch",null,null,"northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719673","stafin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stafin1","avibase-FC54497E",null,null,"Australia [= interior of New South Wales (Liverpool Plains)].",null,null,"Amadina ruficauda"],["29256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Emblema ruficauda subclarescens","(Mathews, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley regions, Western Australia, eastward to northern Northern Territory)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCF378C5",null,null,"Parry's Creek, northwestern Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/455/mode/1up","Aegintha ruficauda subclarescens"],["29257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Emblema ruficauda clarescens","(Hartert, 1899)","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.3 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D94B731F",null,null,"Cape York [= Chester River] , Queensland.","On some birds from Cape York, North Queensland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/475/mode/1up","Bathilda ruficauda clarescens"],["29258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Emblema ruficauda ruficauda","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt1 pl.10 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly eastern Australia (northern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales); extinct, last recorded 1990s","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F0F61F5",null,null,"Australia [= interior of New South Wales (Liverpool Plains)].",null,null,"Amadina ruficauda"],["29259","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stizoptera","Oberholser, 1899","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 51 p.215.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla Bichenovii [Vigors & Horsfield, 1827]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84762#page/225/mode/1up","Stizoptera"],["29260","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stizoptera bichenovii","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.258","Double-barred Finch","Double-barred Finch","Double-barred Finch","2025-N054","Use of \"<em>bichenovii</em>\" is the correct original spelling; \"<em>bichenoii</em>\" is an unjustified emendation.","northern and eastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719682","dobfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dobfin1","avibase-4DF9C4F6",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay and Broad Sound, southern Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/267/mode/1up","Fringilla Bichenovii"],["29261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stizoptera bichenovii annulosa","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67884C16",null,null,"northwestern coast of Australia [= Derby] .","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Amadina annulosa"],["29262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Stizoptera bichenovii bichenovii","(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15, pt.1 p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to eastern Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2D01B91",null,null,"Shoalwater Bay and Broad Sound, southern Queensland.","A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society ; with an Attempt at arranging them according to their natural Affinities'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13694#page/267/mode/1up","Fringilla Bichenovii"],["29263","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Taeniopygia","Reichenbach, 1862","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Amadina castanotis [Gould, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 311).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/48/mode/1up","Taeniopygia"],["29264","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Taeniopygia guttata","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.233","Zebra Finch","Zebra Finch",null,"2025-0562","Taxon <em>castanotis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Taeniopygia guttata</em> based on modest differences in plumage, size, vocalizations (Clayton 1990a), and genetics that encompasses both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data (Balakrishnan &amp; Edwards 2009; Newhouse &amp; Balakrishnan 2015; Olsson &amp; Alström 2020). Although assortative mating has been observed in captivity (e.g., Clayton 1990b), it could have occurred in response to external factors (Burley et al. 1982), or the evolution of local song dialects (Wang et al. 2022), and is not considered evidence of species status.","Lesser Sundas and Australia",null,null,null,"zebfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zebfin2","avibase-C532D642",null,null,"Moluccas [= Timor] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/249/mode/1up","Fringilla guttata"],["29265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Taeniopygia guttata guttata","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Lombok and Sumba eastward to Timor and Sermata)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF7D71B0",null,null,"Moluccas [= Timor] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/249/mode/1up","Fringilla guttata"],["29266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Taeniopygia guttata castanotis","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands App. pl.10, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except northern, southwestern, and eastern coastal regions, Cape York Peninsula, and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAEA2737",null,null,"interior of New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/48/mode/1up","Amadina castanotis"],["29267","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.6) pl.90, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Amadina acuticauda [Gould, 1840]; type by subsequent designation (Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 10 (1842), p. 18).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/369/mode/1up","Poëphila"],["29268","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila personata","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.6) pl.91, with text","Masked Finch","Masked Finch","Masked Finch",null,null,"northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719685","masfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masfin1","avibase-6642D95D",null,null,"Borroloola, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/373/mode/1up","Poëphila personata"],["29269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila personata personata","Gould, 1842","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.6) pl.91, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B33AB79",null,null,"Borroloola, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/373/mode/1up","Poëphila personata"],["29270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila personata leucotis","Gould, 1847","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.14, no.165 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26582C4B",null,null,"River Lynd, Queensland.","Exhibition and description of three Australian Birds collected by the late Mr. Gilbert.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/474/mode/1up","Poephila leucotis"],["29271","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila cincta","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.105","Black-throated Finch","Black-throated Finch","Black-throated Finch",null,null,"northeastern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719692","bltfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltfin1","avibase-72840F17",null,null,"interior of New South Wales (upper Hunter River district).","Characters of new species of Birds from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/119/mode/1up","Amadina cincta"],["29272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila cincta atropygialis","Diggles, 1876","Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Queensland p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula to Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5148CD7D",null,null,"Norman ton, Queensland.",null,"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1388574?searchTerm=atropygialis%20diggles","Poephila atropygialis"],["29273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila cincta cincta","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.4, no.46 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Australia (east-central Queensland, formerly to northeastern New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-839A3E57",null,null,"interior of New South Wales (upper Hunter River district).","Characters of new species of Birds from New South Wales.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/119/mode/1up","Amadina cincta"],["29274","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila acuticauda","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143","Long-tailed Finch","Long-tailed Finch","Long-tailed Finch",null,null,"northwestern and north-central Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719688","lotfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotfin1","avibase-1C1BB52B",null,null,"Northwestern Australia [= Derby] . (Yellow-billed.)","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Amadina acuticauda"],["29275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila acuticauda acuticauda","(Gould, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.82 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFBE9A4D",null,null,"Northwestern Australia [= Derby] . (Yellow-billed.)","Letter from Van Diemen's Land, accompanied with descriptions of some new Australian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/673/mode/1up","Amadina acuticauda"],["29276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Poephila acuticauda hecki","Heinroth, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.22-23",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (northern Northern Territory to northwestern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A62B10A",null,null,"Australia [= Port Darwin, Northern Territory] (Intermediate orange.)","Poëphila hecki nov. spec..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/40/mode/1up","Poephila hecki"],["29277","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.201.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Spermestes cucullata [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,"The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/233/mode/1up","Spermestes"],["29278","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes griseicapilla","(Delacour, 1943)","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 28 p.82","Grey-headed Silverbill","Gray-headed Silverbill","Grey-headed Silverbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill semiarid acacia thornscrub, grassland, and open woodland, from southern Ethiopia and southeastern South Sudan southward to northeastern and central Tanzania; dispersive wandering post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719778","gyhsil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhsil1","avibase-7D6F12FE",null,null,"Massa, East Africa",null,null,"Lonchura griseicapilla"],["29279","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes cucullata","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.201","Bronze Mannikin","Bronze Mannikin","Bronze Mannikin",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa (except southwest Africa), from Senegal eastward to central Ethiopia, southward to northern Namibia, and southward through Tanzania, including Pemba and Unguja (in Zanzibar) and Mafia Island, to Malawi, and thence southward to southeastern Botswana, southern Mozambique, and eastern South Africa, and Comoro Islands; introduced to Gulf of Guinea islands, western South Africa, Puerto Rico, and Hawaiian islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719782","broman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broman1","avibase-142E4CB7",null,null,"West Africa ; type from Senegal, in Cambridge Museum.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/233/mode/1up","Spermestes cucullata"],["29280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes cucullata cucullata","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal southward to Liberia, eastward to southwestern South Sudan, and western Kenya, southward to Gabon and Congo; Bioko, Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FB1FCE3",null,null,"West Africa ; type from Senegal, in Cambridge Museum.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/233/mode/1up","Spermestes cucullata"],["29281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes cucullata scutata","Heuglin, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia and adjacent southeastern Sudan and eastern South Sudan to Angola, northern and eastern Botswana, and eastern South Africa; Comoros",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1231046E",null,null,"Dembea, Abyssinia.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/30/mode/1up","Spermestes scutatus"],["29282","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes fringilloides","(de Lafresnaye, 1835)","Magasin de Zoologie 5, cl.2 text to pl.48, p.1; pl.48","Magpie Mannikin","Magpie Mannikin","Magpie Mannikin",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill brushy grassland near rivers, riparian woodland, bamboo thickets, forest edge, and cultivation, from Senegambia and southern Mali eastward to western Ethiopia, and southward to northeastern Namibia, Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, and eastern South Africa; erratic wandering associated with bamboo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719801","magman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magman1","avibase-64E386FE",null,null,"India ; emended to Liberia by Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Ornith. Westafrika, p. 147.","TISSERIN. PLOCUS. Cuvier. - T. fringilloïde. P. fringilloides. Lafresnaye.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114196#page/69/mode/1up","Plocus fringilloides"],["29283","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes bicolor","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.145","Black-and-white Mannikin","Black-and-white Mannikin","Black-and-white Mannikin","2025-0559","Taxon <em>nigriceps </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Spermestes bicolor</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Reports of parapatry have not been confirmed and genetic data are limited (Arnaiz-Villena et al. 2009; Olsson &amp; Alström 2020); further research needed.","widespread sub-Saharan Africa (except Congolian rainforest and southwest Africa), in lowland to montane wooded marshland, secondary growth, and abandoned cultivation from southwestern Senegal eastward to western Central African Republic, and southward to northwestern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and from western Ethiopia and southern Somalia southward to southern Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/105968860","bawman1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawman1","avibase-E358EC8A",null,null,"Cape Palmas, Liberia.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/297/mode/1up","Amadina bicolor"],["29284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes bicolor bicolor","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea-Bissau to southern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AADC875",null,null,"Cape Palmas, Liberia.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/297/mode/1up","Amadina bicolor"],["29285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes bicolor poensis","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon to Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Angola; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D0A7A2",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/297/mode/1up","Amadina Poensis"],["29286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes bicolor nigriceps","Cassin, 1852","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, and southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-927916BF",null,null,"Zanzibar.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/207/mode/1up","Spermestes nigriceps"],["29287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermestes bicolor woltersi","(Schouteden, 1956)","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 54 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A7AA1C3",null,null,"Luashi, Lualaba, Congo.","Lonchura bicolor Woltersi nov. ssp. (Aves, Ploceidae).",null,"Lonchura bicolor Woltersi"],["29288","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lepidopygia","Reichenbach, 1862","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyrrhula nana [Pucheran, 1845]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 261).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/72/mode/1up","Lepidopygia"],["29289","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lepidopygia nana","(Pucheran, 1845)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.52","Madagascar Mannikin","Madagascar Munia","Madagascar Munia",null,null,"Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719753","madmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madmun1","avibase-9E75E6F9",null,null,"Madagascar.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux de Madagascar.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/60/mode/1up","Pyrrhula nana"],["29290","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euodice","Reichenbach, 1862","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.2 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia cantans [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 368).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/70/mode/1up","Euodice"],["29291","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euodice malabarica","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.175","Indian Silverbill","Indian Silverbill","Indian Silverbill",null,null,"Arabian Peninsula to southeastern Iran, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Sikkim",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719770","indsil","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indsil","avibase-C03E353A",null,null,"India ; restricted to Malabar by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 89.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/194/mode/1up","Loxia malabarica"],["29292","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euodice cantans","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.859","African Silverbill","African Silverbill","African Silverbill",null,null,"lowland and foothill savanna, acacia grassland, and thornscrub, from southern Mauritania eastward through the Sahel to northern Sudan (has occurred southeastern Egypt), Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to northern Tanzania, and southern Arabian Peninsula; population in southern Algeria is of origin uncertain, introduced to Hawaiian islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719761","afrsil1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrsil1","avibase-FC6A9CD0",null,null,"Africa; restricted to Dakar, Senegal, by W. L. Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 440.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/360/mode/1up","Loxia cantans"],["29293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euodice cantans cantans","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.859",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegal eastward to central Sudan and northwestern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B87D43E",null,null,"Africa; restricted to Dakar, Senegal, by W. L. Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 440.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/360/mode/1up","Loxia cantans"],["29294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euodice cantans orientalis","(Lorenz von Liburnau & Hellmayr, 1901)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Egypt, eastern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, southeastern South Sudan, Kenya, and northern Tanzania; southern Arabian Peninsula (southwestern Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and western Oman)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C0539B1",null,null,"southern Arabia; type from Yeshbum, fide Lorenz and Hellmayr, 1901, Journ. f. Ornith., 49, p. 232.","Noch einige neue Arten aus Südarabien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/57/mode/1up","Aedemosyne orientalis"],["29295","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Padda","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxvi fig.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia oryzivora [Linnaeus]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/177/mode/1up","Padda"],["29296","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Padda oryzivora","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.173","Java Sparrow","Java Sparrow","Java Sparrow",null,null,"Java and Bali (where now rare); introduced widely, including St. Helena (south Atlantic), Pemba and Unjuga (Zanzibar), United Arab Emirates, Bangkok (Thailand), Malayan Peninsula, northern Borneo, Taiwan, Philippines, Fiji, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719912","javspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javspa","avibase-549BEA0C",null,null,"Asia and Ethiopia [= Java] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/192/mode/1up","Loxia oryzivora"],["29297","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Padda fuscata","(Vieillot, 1807)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.95 pl.LXII","Timor Sparrow","Timor Sparrow","Timor Sparrow",null,null,"Timor and Semau (eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728596","timspa4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/timspa4","avibase-BBD0A638",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/235/mode/1up","Loxia fuscata"],["29298","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mayrimunia","Wolters, 1949","Beiträge zur Gattungssystematik der Vögel 1 p.9.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lonchura tristissima hypomelaena [Stresemann & Paludan]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Babblers.pdf","Mayrimunia"],["29299","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mayrimunia leucosticta","(d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.14 p.88","White-spotted Mannikin","White-spotted Munia","White-spotted Mannikin",null,null,"lowlands of southern New Guinea (Lorentz River eastward at least to the Kikori River region, and perhaps farther eastward)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719834","sthmun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthmun3","avibase-10A9A1D5",null,null,"Fly River, 300 miles. British New Guinea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36347#page/94/mode/1up","Munia leucosticta"],["29300","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mayrimunia tristissima","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.479","Streak-headed Mannikin","Streak-headed Munia","Streak-headed Mannikin",null,null,"edge and cultivation of lowlands and hills of northern New Guinea, through central part of southeastern peninsula; includes Karkar Island (just off east-central New Guinea) and Umboi Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719831","sthmun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthmun2","avibase-47BB39B6",null,null,"New Guinea (northwestern extremity).","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/563/mode/1up","Munia tristissima"],["29301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mayrimunia tristissima tristissima","(Wallace, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.2 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Bird's Head Peninsula (western New Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3199E2BF",null,null,"New Guinea (northwestern extremity).","Descriptions of New Birds from the Malay Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/563/mode/1up","Munia tristissima"],["29302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mayrimunia tristissima hypomelaena","(Stresemann & Paludan, 1934)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Weyland and Charles Louis Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C3A67AE",null,null,"Mt. Kunupi, 1,200 m., New Guinea.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-32. II. Zur Ornithologie des Weyland-Gebirges in Niederländisch-Neuguinea.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0043-0046.pdf","Lonchura tristissima hypomelaena"],["29303","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mayrimunia tristissima calaminoros","(Reichenow, 1916)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea (western lowlands, lowlands of northern New Guinea east of the Bird's Neck eastward to the northern slope of the Southeastern Peninsula, and southern slope of the southeastern peninsula east of Port Moresby)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17B9CAC3",null,null,"Augustahafen, lower Ramu River.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/183/mode/1up","Munia calaminoros"],["29304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mayrimunia tristissima bigilalei","(Restall, 1995)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 115 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea (southern slope of the southeastern Peninsula; distribution incompletely known, but reported from Lakekamu basin southeastward to Rigo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C9699AF",null,null,"Collector and date of collection not recorded, but the birds were taken in the general area around Port Moresby","Proposed additions to the genus Lonchura (Estrildinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/168/mode/1up","Lonchura tristissima bigilalae"],["29305","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura","Sykes, 1832","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla nisoria [Sykes, 1832]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 326). = Loxia punctulata Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/298/mode/1up","Lonchura"],["29306","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.173","Scaly-breasted Munia","Scaly-breasted Munia","Scaly-breasted Munia",null,null,"northern Pakistan southward to Sri Lanka, southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, Malayan Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago except most of Borneo, and Philippines; introduced widely, including Portugal, southeastern Arabian Peninsula, Mauritius, Réunion, Ryukyu Islands, Yap, coastal eastern Australia, Hawaii, California, Gulf coast of USA, Caribbean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719821","nutman","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nutman","avibase-6D4F72B1",null,null,"Asia; restricted to Calcutta by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/192/mode/1up","Loxia punctulata"],["29307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata punctulata","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Nepal to Sikkim, India, and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD34615B",null,null,"Asia; restricted to Calcutta by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/192/mode/1up","Loxia punctulata"],["29308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata subundulata","(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (Assam) to Bhutan and western Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BEDCC39",null,null,"Manipur Valley, Burma.","Descriptions of Ten new Birds from the Nágá Hills and Munipúr Valley, N.E. Frontier of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/96/mode/1up","Munia subundulata"],["29309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata yunnanensis","Parkes, 1958","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108, no.3402 p.285-287",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Myanmar and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C58389A0",null,null,"hills around Tengyueh [= Teng-chung], 6,000 ft., western Yunnan.","Taxonomy and nomenclature of three species of Lonchura (Aves: Estrildinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32559#page/325/mode/1up","Lonchura punctulata yunnanensis"],["29310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata topela","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Ibis ser.1, vol.5, no.20 p.380-382",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China (including Hainan) to northern Thailand, Indochina, and Taiwan; introduced western Europe, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Ocean islands, Japan, eastern Australia (Wet Tropics region to Sydney), North American coastal regions, and Caribbean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13024EE5",null,null,"Amoy, China.","The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan. [Continued from p. 311.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240123#page/416/mode/1up","Munia topela"],["29311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata cabanisi","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Calauit, Palawan, Panay, Negros, Cebu, and Mindanao) and northern Borneo (coastal western Sabah and Brunei)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E49F601",null,null,"San Mateo, Luzon, Philippines",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/373/mode/1up","Munia cabanisi"],["29312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata fretensis","(Kloss, 1931)","Treubia 13, no.3-4 p.363-364",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Thailand and Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B26530B4",null,null,"Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malay States.","An account of the Sumatran birds in the Zoological Museum, Buitenzorg, with descriptions of nine new races.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v13i3-4.1953","Munia punctulata fretensis"],["29313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata nisoria","(Temminck, 1830)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.84, vol.3 pl.500, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Java, far southern Borneo, Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38854DD8",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/481/mode/1up","Fringilla nisoria"],["29314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata sumbae","Mayr, 1944","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, art.2 p.143,169",null,null,null,null,null,"Sumba (Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A2BAF61",null,null,"Sumba. February, 1896; W. Doherty coll.","The birds of Timor and Sumba.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/951","Lonchura punctulata sumbae"],["29315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata blasii","(Stresemann, 1912)","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Lesser Sundas (Flores eastward to Timor and Tanimbar Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF372833",null,null,"Timor.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/337/mode/1up","Munia punctulata blasii"],["29316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata baweana","Hoogerwerf, 1963","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 83, no.2 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Bawean Island (Java Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBC7D0E1",null,null,"South Bawean ; Sangkapura, Bawean ; Mt. Bulu, Bawean.","A new race of the Spotted Munia, Lonchura punctulata (Linn.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126838#page/64/mode/1up","Lonchura punctulata baweana"],["29317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura punctulata particeps","(Riley, 1920)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD59BD9B",null,null,"Rano Lindoe, Celebes.","Four new birds from the Philippines and Greater Sunda Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/79/mode/1up","Munia punctulata particeps"],["29318","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura kelaarti","(Jerdon, 1863)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.356","Black-throated Munia","Black-throated Munia","Black-throated Munia",null,null,"semi-humid forest edges and adjacent clearings in the northern Eastern Ghats of eastern India from northern Odisha southwards to northern Andhra Pradesh, and in the Western Ghats in southwestern India from Maharashtra southwards to southern Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and in southern Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu (Peninsular India); also in highlands of Sri Lanka",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719818","bltmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltmun1","avibase-9138891C",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/370/mode/1up","Munia kelaarti"],["29319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura kelaarti vernayi","(Whistler & Kinnear, 1933)","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 p.835",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern India (southern Odisha and northeastern Andhra Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A4E5D8E",null,null,"Sankrametta, 3,500 ft., Visakhapatnam ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India.","The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Ghats. Part VI.","https://ia801309.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?id=journalof363431361936bomb&itemPath=%2F26%2Fitems%2Fjournalof363431361936bomb&server=ia801309.us.archive.org&page=n483_w437","Uroloncha kelaarti vernayi"],["29320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura kelaarti jerdoni","(Hume, 1874)","Nests and eggs of Indian birds: rough draft 1 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern India (Kerala to western Tamil Nadu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85B2395B",null,null,"Wynaad district, southwestern Deccan Plateau, India.",null,null,"Munia jerdoni"],["29321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura kelaarti kelaarti","(Jerdon, 1863)","The birds of India; being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India: with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India 2, pt.1 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85FD89F1",null,null,"Ceylon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113052#page/370/mode/1up","Munia kelaarti"],["29322","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura molucca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.302","Black-faced Munia","Black-faced Munia","Black-faced Munia",null,null,"lowlands of Wallacea (except for Lesser Sundas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719815","blfmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfmun1","avibase-F84846C3",null,null,"Moluccas ; restricted to Ambon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/306/mode/1up","Loxia molucca"],["29323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura molucca molucca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi and satellites, Sangihe and Talaud islands, Sula Islands, Moluccas including Kai and Tayandu islands, Gag and Kofiau (west Papuan islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC6B715F",null,null,"Moluccas ; restricted to Ambon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/306/mode/1up","Loxia molucca"],["29324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura molucca propinqua","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Kangean Islands (north of Bali) and Lesser Sundas eastward to Tanimbar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-065142E3",null,null,"Flores.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/388/mode/1up","Uroloncha propinqua"],["29325","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura fuscans","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.185","Dusky Munia","Dusky Munia","Dusky Munia",null,null,"Borneo (including Banggi, off northeastern Borneo), and Cagayan Sulu Island (in far southwestern Philippines); status on Natuna Islands unclear",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719812","dusmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dusmun1","avibase-F1F444EE",null,null,"Borneo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/207/mode/1up","Spermestes fuscans"],["29326","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura striata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.306","White-rumped Munia","White-rumped Munia","White-rumped Munia",null,null,"lowland to submontane grassland, open shrubbery, forest edge, village gardens, and rice fields, in northwestern India from Uttarakhand eastward through Himalayan foothills to southeastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan, and southward to Peninsular India, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar islands, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra and satellite islands; introduced central Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719806","whrmun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrmun","avibase-22BE6FC5",null,null,"Bourbon Island [= Reunion] ; error, Ceylon designated by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 83.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/310/mode/1up","Loxia striata"],["29327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura striata acuticauda","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19, pt.I p.153-154",null,null,null,null,null,"northern India (from Uttarakhand) and southern Nepal eastward in Himalayan foothills to Bangladesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar (except southern), northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northwestern Vietnam (western Tonkin)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0776F038",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/203/mode/1up","Munia acuticauda"],["29328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura striata striata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and northeastern India and Sri Lanka",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5AB12E5",null,null,"Bourbon Island [= Reunion] ; error, Ceylon designated by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 83.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/310/mode/1up","Loxia striata"],["29329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura striata fumigata","(Walden, 1873)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.12, no.72 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"Andaman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD0DA435",null,null,"southern Andaman Islands.","LVII. Description of three new Species of Asiatic Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54290#page/502/mode/1up","Munia fumigata"],["29330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura striata semistriata","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2, no.1, 2 & 3 p.257,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicobar Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E8AC863",null,null,"Nicobar Islands.","Contributions to the Ornithology of India. The Islands of the Bay of Bengal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/275/mode/1up","Munia semistriata"],["29331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura striata subsquamicollis","(Stuart Baker, 1925)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"southern peninsular Thailand and Malayan Peninsula to Indochina and Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0A54004",null,null,"Bankasun, Mergui, Tenasserim, Burma.","Description of three new subspecies of Oriental birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/87/mode/1up","Uroloncha striata subsquamicollis"],["29332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura striata swinhoei","(Cabanis, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.160 p.462",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern China (eastward from Yunnan to Shanghai), northeastern Vietnam (eastern Tonkin), Hainan, and Taiwan; also Ryukyu Islands, where perhaps natural colonists",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DBBAA55",null,null,"Formosa.","[Über die chinesische Abart der Uroloncha longicauda].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/474/mode/1up","Uroloncha swinhoei"],["29333","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastroides","(Moore, 1858)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 2 p.510","Javan Munia","Javan Munia","Javan Munia",null,null,"lowlands of southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Lombok; introduced to some nearby islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719809","javmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javmun1","avibase-C4445409",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182055#page/64/mode/1up","Munia leucogastroides"],["29334","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastra","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.286","White-bellied Munia","White-bellied Munia","White-bellied Munia",null,null,"lowland to foothill forest edge, peat-swamp forest, secondary growth, wet grassland, and rice fields, from Malayan Peninsula eastward to Philippines, and southward to Borneo, Sumatra, and western Java",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719828","whbmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbmun1","avibase-63392C0E",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/414/mode/1up","Amadina leucogastra"],["29335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastra leucogastra","(Blyth, 1846)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15, no.172 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, and Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ECFCD762",null,null,"Malacca.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. [Continued from p. 54, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123983#page/414/mode/1up","Amadina leucogastra"],["29336","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastra palawana","Ripley & Rabor, 1962","Postilla 73 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Palawan and Sulu Archipelago (southern Philippines) and northern and eastern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A33B475",null,null,"Macagua, Brooke's Point, sea level to 250 ft., Palawan, Philippine Islands.","New birds from Palawan and Culion Islands, Philippines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44213#page/13/mode/1up","Lonchura leucogastra palawana"],["29337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastra smythiesi","Parkes, 1958","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108, no.3402 p.282-284",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Borneo (Kuching region of southwestern Sarawak)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0419B6B5",null,null,"Tubuan, Kuching, Sarawak.","Taxonomy and nomenclature of three species of Lonchura (Aves: Estrildinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32559#page/322/mode/1up","Lonchura leucogastra smythiesi"],["29338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastra castanonota","Mayr, 1938","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 14 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98DE32F8",null,null,"Riam, Kota Waringin River, southern Borneo.","Notes on a collection of Birds from South Borneo.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328891/em-notes-on-a-collection-of-birds-from-south-em-borneo","Lonchura leucogastra castanonota"],["29339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastra everetti","(Tweeddale, 1877)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.20, no.116 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Luzon, Mindoro, Camiguin Norte, Catanduanes, and Polillo (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5584F278",null,null,"Monte Alban, Luzon, Philippine Islands.","XIII. Description of four new Species of Birds from the Indian Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53474#page/110/mode/1up","Oxycerca everetti"],["29340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura leucogastra manueli","Parkes, 1958","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108, no.3402 p.280-282",null,null,null,null,null,"Visayas and Mindanao (central and southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A113C878",null,null,"near Isabella, Basilan, Philippine Islands.","Taxonomy and nomenclature of three species of Lonchura (Aves: Estrildinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32559#page/320/mode/1up","Lonchura leucogastra manueli"],["29341","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura malacca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.302","Tricolored Munia","Tricolored Munia","Tricoloured Munia",null,null,"Peninsular India and Sri Lanka; introduced widely in Caribbean and northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719837","trimun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trimun","avibase-937B5409",null,null,"China, Java, and Malacca ; error, Belgaum, India, designated by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 78.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/306/mode/1up","Loxia malacca"],["29342","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura ferruginosa","(Sparrman, 1789)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.4 pl.90,91","White-capped Munia","White-capped Munia","White-capped Munia",null,null,"lowland grasslands of Java and Bali (scarce)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719844","whcmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcmun1","avibase-E8A0ABCF",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/71/mode/1up","Loxia ferruginosa"],["29343","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla","(Vieillot, 1807)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride livr.9 p.84 pl.LIII","Chestnut Munia","Chestnut Munia","Chestnut Munia",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, marsh, mangroves, rice paddies, and gardens, from northern India eastward to southeastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan, southward to Philippines, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, and satellite islands; introduced to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), Hong Kong, Moluccas, Palau, Vanuatu, Hawaiian Islands (all main islands), Jamaica, Martinique, and central Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729138","chemun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chemun","avibase-5634598A",null,null,"Les Grandes-Indes ; restricted to lower Bengal by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, p. 362.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/204/mode/1up","Loxia atricapilla"],["29344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla rubronigra","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19, pt.I p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern India (Haryana to northern Bihar) and lowlands of Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77F1A9D6",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/203/mode/1up","Munia rubroniger"],["29345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla atricapilla","(Vieillot, 1807)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride livr.9 p.84 pl.LIII",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nepal and northeastern India to Myanmar and northwestern Yunnan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F35D123",null,null,"Les Grandes-Indes ; restricted to lower Bengal by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, p. 362.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/204/mode/1up","Loxia atricapilla"],["29346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla deignani","Parkes, 1958","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108, no.3402 p.290-291",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southwestern Yunnan) to Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF3F8D47",null,null,"Chieng Rai, 1,214 ft., northern Thailand.","Taxonomy and nomenclature of three species of Lonchura (Aves: Estrildinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32559#page/330/mode/1up","Lonchura malacca deignani"],["29347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla sinensis","(Blyth, 1852)","Catalogue of the birds in the Museum of the Asiatic Society p.337",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, and Lingga Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29BBB0EE",null,null,"Penang Island, Malaya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48206#page/377/mode/1up","Munia sinensis"],["29348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla batakana","(Chasen & Kloss, 1929)","Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 2 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B2F4F12",null,null,"Brastagi, Batak Highlands, northern Sumatra.","Two new Malaysian Birds.","https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/view/328155/two-new-malaysia-birds","Munia atricapilla batakana"],["29349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla formosana","(Swinhoe, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.3 p.356-357",null,null,null,null,null,"Taiwan and northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4A5435E",null,null,"at foot of mountains, central Formosa.","[Letter from Takow, Formosa, 1 April, 1865].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/392/mode/1up","Munia formosana"],["29350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura atricapilla jagori","(Martens, 1866)","Journal für Ornithologie 14, no.79 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (including Palawan and Sulu Archipelago) and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9EAF9E1",null,null,"Luzon ; restricted to Manila by Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 267.","Zusammenstellung der bekannten philippinischen Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103185#page/26/mode/1up","Munia (Dermophrys) Jagori"],["29351","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura vana","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.42","Grey-banded Mannikin","Gray-banded Munia","Grey-banded Mannikin",null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (Arfak Mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719861","gybmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybmun1","avibase-D6BEA296",null,null,"Kofo, 2,000 m., Anggi gidji, Arfak mountains. New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/62/mode/1up","Munia vana"],["29352","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura pallida","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.495","Pale-headed Munia","Pale-headed Munia","Pale-headed Munia",null,null,"scrub, marshes and ricefields of lowlands of mainland Sulawesi and the Lesser Sundas from Lombok eastward through Babar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719854","pahmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pahmun1","avibase-E25374DB",null,null,"Lombok and Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/595/mode/1up","Munia pallida"],["29353","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura maja","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.301","White-headed Munia","White-headed Munia","White-headed Munia",null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and southern Vietnam; introduced Taiwan and Hong Kong",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719851","whhmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whhmun1","avibase-E92CE1F0",null,null,"East Indies; restricted to Malacca by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, p. 362.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/305/mode/1up","Loxia maja"],["29354","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura monticola","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.387","Eastern Alpine Mannikin","Alpine Munia","Alpine Mannikin",null,null,"southwestern New Guinea (Wharton and Owen Stanley mountains)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719900","alpmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alpmun1","avibase-21E64EAC",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/445/mode/1up","Munia monticola"],["29355","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura montana","Junge, 1939","Nova Guinea, a journal of botany, zoology, anthropology, ethnography, geology and palaeontology of the Papuan region n.s., 3 p.67","Western Alpine Mannikin","Snow Mountain Munia","Snow Mountain Mannikin",null,null,"western New Guinea (Snow Mountains) and Mount Capella (Papua New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719896","snmmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snmmun1","avibase-497D7737",null,null,"Oranje Mountains, 4,150 m.. New Guinea.","The Birds of South New Guinea. Part II. Passeres.",null,"Lonchura montana"],["29356","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura teerinki","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.14","Black-breasted Mannikin","Black-breasted Munia","Black-breasted Mannikin",null,null,"grassy and weedy areas of mountains of central West Papua (west-central New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719893","blbmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbmun1","avibase-34A03C70",null,null,"Bele River, 2,200 m., 18 km. north of Lake Habbema.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Lonchura teerinki"],["29357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura teerinki teerinki","Rand, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1072 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Baliem Valley of southern watershed of Western Range of west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54B560FA",null,null,"Bele River, 2,200 m., 18 km. north of Lake Habbema.","New birds from the 1938-1939 expedition.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3717/","Lonchura teerinki"],["29358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura teerinki mariae","Ripley, 1964","Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 19 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"grasslands north of Wamena and presumably more widespread on northern watershed of Western Range, west-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99C0D16B",null,null,"Bokindini, 4,200 ft., Netherlands New Guinea.","A systematic study and ecological study of birds of New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40604#page/90/mode/1up","Lonchura teerinki mariae"],["29359","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura quinticolor","(Vieillot, 1807)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.85 pl.LIV","Five-colored Munia","Five-colored Munia","Five-coloured Munia",null,null,"Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719847","ficmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ficmun1","avibase-497038CC",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/209/mode/1up","Loxia quinticolor"],["29360","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura flaviprymna","(Gould, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.149 p.80","Yellow-rumped Mannikin","Yellow-rumped Munia","Yellow-rumped Mannikin",null,null,"northwestern Australia (northeastern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, eastward to northwestern Northern Territory)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719882","yermun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yermun1","avibase-E3DD5ABD",null,null,"north coast of Australia [= Victoria River, Northern Territory],","Exhibition of three new species of Birds from Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/294/mode/1up","Donacola flaviprymna"],["29361","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura nevermanni","Stresemann, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.101","Grey-crowned Mannikin","Gray-crowned Munia","Grey-crowned Mannikin",null,null,"New Guinea (Kurik and Mapa areas to lower Fly River)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719867","gycmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycmun1","avibase-E9579BCC",null,null,"Merauke.","Zwei neue Webervögel aus Süd-Neuguinea.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0101-0103.pdf","Lonchura nevermanni"],["29362","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura melaena","(Sclater, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.66 pl.7 fig.2","Buff-bellied Mannikin","Buff-bellied Munia","Buff-bellied Mannikin",null,null,"lowland wet grassy areas of New Ireland and New Britain (eastern Bismarck Archipelago), and Buka (northern Solomon Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719904","bismun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bismun1","avibase-922C2DF2",null,null,"Kabbakadai, New Britain.","On a Fifth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and its Vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/112/mode/1up","Munia melaena"],["29363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura melaena melaena","(Sclater, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.66 pl.7 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C95FBA4",null,null,"Kabbakadai, New Britain.","On a Fifth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and its Vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/112/mode/1up","Munia melaena"],["29364","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura melaena bukaensis","Restall, 1995","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 115 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"Buka (just off northern Bougainville, northern Solomon Archipelago); New Ireland birds are similar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07F4CCCE",null,null,"Buka airfield (5°15’S, 154°35’E) [Bougainville, Papua New Guinea]","Proposed additions to the genus Lonchura (Estrildinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123711#page/166/mode/1up","Lonchura melaena bukaensis"],["29365","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura castaneothorax","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.[2] fig.2 text","Chestnut-breasted Mannikin","Chestnut-breasted Munia","Chestnut-breasted Mannikin",null,null,"northern and eastern Australia; introduced locally from New Caledonia eastward through the Marquesas Islands (eastern French Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719886","chbmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbmun1","avibase-468F5860",null,null,"Australia [= interior of New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/93/mode/1up","Amadina castaneothorax"],["29366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura castaneothorax uropygialis","Stresemann & Paludan, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern New Guinea (eastern side of Cenderawasih Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB34EFBC",null,null,"lower Menoo River, head of Geelvink Bay.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein 1931-32. II. Zur Ornithologie des Weyland-Gebirges in Niederländisch-Neuguinea.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0043-0046.pdf","Lonchura castaneothorax uropygialis"],["29367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura castaneothorax boschmai","Junge, 1952","Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 31 (22) p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"western New Guinea (Wissel Lakes region and Araboe River eastward to highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39D0BF7A",null,null,"Araboe Bivak, 1,750 m., Wissel Lake district. New Guinea.","New subspecies of birds from New Guinea.","https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/318288","Lonchura castaneithorax boschmai"],["29368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura castaneothorax sharpii","(Madarász, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern New Guinea from Humboldt Bay area eastward, including Manam Island, to Astrolabe Bay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C697A480",null,null,"Bongu, Astrolabe Bay.","[Two apparently new species of birds from the Finisterre Mountains in Eastern New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/145/mode/1up","Donacicola sharpii"],["29369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura castaneothorax ramsayi","Delacour, 1943","Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 28 pt2 no.11 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Guinea eastward from Kumusi River in the north and from Bereina area (Gulf of Papua) in the south, also D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Goodenough and Normanby islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2354B42E",null,null,"near Port Moresby, New Guinea",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207643#page/312/mode/1up","Lonchura castaneothorax ramsayi"],["29370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura castaneothorax castaneothorax","(Gould, 1837)","A synopsis of the birds of Australia, and the adjacent islands pt2 pl.[2] fig.2 text",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, southward along coast to central New South Wales)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-216B2695",null,null,"Australia [= interior of New South Wales].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182460#page/93/mode/1up","Amadina castaneothorax"],["29371","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura grandis","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.319","Great-billed Mannikin","Grand Munia","Great-billed Mannikin",null,null,"local, in grassy areas of lowlands and mountains from north-central (Jayapura area) through the north and in the southeastern peninsula (north-central to southeastern New Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719857","gramun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gramun1","avibase-083AA376",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea [= Taburi, Astrolabe mountains].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/333/mode/1up","Munia grandis"],["29372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura grandis destructa","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central New Guinea (Mamberamo River basin to Jayapura district)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-444A7B5C",null,null,"Ifar, Sentani Lake, northern New Guinea.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/62/mode/1up","Munia grandis destructa"],["29373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura grandis grandis","(Sharpe, 1882)","The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 16 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern New Guinea (Ramu and Sepik Valley to Astrolabe Bay) and southeastern New Guinea (Hall Sound to upper Watut River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75AB05B8",null,null,"southeastern New Guinea [= Taburi, Astrolabe mountains].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99814#page/333/mode/1up","Munia grandis"],["29374","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura stygia","Stresemann, 1934","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 42 p.102","Black Mannikin","Black Munia","Black Mannikin",null,null,"southern New Guinea (Trans-Fly lowlands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719890","blamun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blamun1","avibase-D8C80CAF",null,null,"Mandum, upper Bian River, southern New Guinea.","Zwei neue Webervögel aus Süd-Neuguinea.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_42_0101-0103.pdf#page=2","Lonchura stygia"],["29375","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura caniceps","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.38","Grey-headed Mannikin","Gray-headed Munia","Grey-headed Mannikin",null,null,"grassy areas and gardens from lowlands to mountains in southeastern peninsula of New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719864","gyhmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhmun1","avibase-68DA304C",null,null,"Naiabui, Hall Sound.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/44/mode/1up","Munia caniceps"],["29376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura caniceps caniceps","(Salvadori, 1876)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.1, no.9 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern New Guinea (Yule Island and Hall Sound to Port Moresby)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70807CA2",null,null,"Naiabui, Hall Sound.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94504#page/44/mode/1up","Munia caniceps"],["29377","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura caniceps scratchleyana","(Sharpe, 1898)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Malalaua and Kupriano mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-961E1E84",null,null,"Mt. Albert Edward.","[Descriptions of two species of Munia from Mount Albert Edward, in British New Guinea].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/498/mode/1up","Munia scratchleyana"],["29378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura caniceps kumusii","(Hartert, 1911)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northern coast of southeastern New Guinea (Lae eastward to upper Musa River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBF8F3A0",null,null,"Kumusi River, New Guinea.","Exhibition and description of two new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/75/mode/1up","Munia caniceps kumusii"],["29379","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura forbesi","(Sclater, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.449 pl.37 fig.3","Forbes's Mannikin","New Ireland Munia","New Ireland Mannikin",null,null,"New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719876","neimun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/neimun1","avibase-0EF407D4",null,null,"Topaia, New Ireland.","On a Fourth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and in its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/199/mode/1up","Munia forbesi"],["29380","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura hunsteini","(Finsch, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.13 p.1 pl.1","Mottled Mannikin","Mottled Munia",null,"2025-0560","Taxon <em>nigerrima </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Lonchura hunsteini</em> based on available evidence. Genomic data demonstrate that this group has radiated recently and rapidly (Stryjewski &amp; Sorenson 2017) and may represent a hybrid swarm. Based on detectable but weak genomic divergence, combined with evidence of geographic replacement amongst other species in this complex, it seems most likely that <em>L. nigerrima</em> is also specifically distinct. However, no data on vocalizations, biometrics, or ecology exist to support this split; further research needed.","New Ireland (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,"motmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motmun1","avibase-9107A335",null,null,"New Ireland.","On two new Species of Birds from New Ireland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/35/mode/1up","Donacicola hunsteini"],["29381","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura nigerrima","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.139","New Hanover Mannikin","New Hanover Munia",null,"2025-0560","Taxon <em>nigerrima </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Lonchura hunsteini</em> based on available evidence. Genomic data demonstrate that this group has radiated recently and rapidly (Stryjewski &amp; Sorenson 2017) and may represent a hybrid swarm. Based on detectable but weak genomic divergence, combined with evidence of geographic replacement amongst other species in this complex, it seems most likely that <em>L. nigerrima</em> is also specifically distinct. However, no data on vocalizations, biometrics, or ecology exist to support this split; further research needed.","New Hanover (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,"nehmun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nehmun1","avibase-84A01BC8",null,null,"New Hanover.","Ein kleiner Beitrag zur ferneren Kenntnis der Ornis von Neu-Hannover.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/155/mode/1up","Munia nigerrima"],["29382","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura spectabilis","(Sclater, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.449 pl.37 fig.2","Hooded Mannikin","Hooded Munia","Hooded Mannikin",null,null,"grassy areas of lowlands and mountains from north-central (Jayapura area) through Huon Peninsula and just to the south (north-central to east-central New Guinea); also New Britain and satellite islands (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719870","hoomun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoomun1","avibase-5E0856C9",null,null,"New Britain.","On a Fourth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and in its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/199/mode/1up","Donacicola spectabilis"],["29383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura spectabilis wahgiensis","Mayr & Gilliard, 1952","American Museum Novitates no.1577 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and east-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F87D611",null,null,"Kegalsugl, southern slope of Mt. Wilhelm, Bismarck mountains. New Guinea.","Six new subspecies of birds from the highlands of New Guinea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4053/","Lonchura spectabilis wahgiensis"],["29384","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura spectabilis mayri","(Hartert, 1930)","Novitates Zoologicae 36, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyclops Mountains and Jayapura area, north-central New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8894B25B",null,null,"If ar, Sentani Lake.","List of Birds collected by Ernst Mayr.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23084#page/62/mode/1up","Munia spectabilis mayri"],["29385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lonchura spectabilis spectabilis","(Sclater, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.449 pl.37 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"New Britain, Long, and Umboi (southeastern Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A75EE9D",null,null,"New Britain.","On a Fourth Collection of Birds made by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and in its vicinity.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/199/mode/1up","Donacicola spectabilis"],["29386","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Chloebia","Reichenbach, 1862","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Amadina gouldiae [Gould, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/52/mode/1up","Chloebia"],["29387","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Chloebia gouldiae","(Gould, 1844)","The birds of Australia 3 (pt.15) pl.88, with text","Gouldian Finch","Gouldian Finch","Gouldian Finch",null,null,"northern Australia (Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to Cape York Peninsula); formerly Wet Tropics region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719744","goufin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goufin3","avibase-886A8AB7",null,null,"Victoria River, Northern Territory.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187975#page/361/mode/1up","Amadina Gouldiae"],["29388","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Erythura viridis [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy = Fringilla sphecura Temminck, 1821 = Loxia prasina Sparrman, 1788",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/304/mode/1up","Erythrura"],["29389","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura kleinschmidti","(Finsch, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.440 pl.29","Pink-billed Parrotfinch","Pink-billed Parrotfinch","Pink-billed Parrotfinch",null,null,"montane forest of Viti Levu (northwestern Fiji)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719739","pibpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pibpar1","avibase-DE6E6331",null,null,"Viti Levu.","On a new Species of Finch from the Feejee Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/536/mode/1up","Amblynura kleinschmidti"],["29390","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura prasina","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.lxxi pl.72,73","Pin-tailed Parrotfinch","Pin-tailed Parrotfinch","Pin-tailed Parrotfinch",null,null,"irruptive in bamboo, edge, and rice fields from northern Thailand southward through the Malayan Peninsula and southern Vietnam and Greater Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719699","pitpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pitpar1","avibase-C8D798BA",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/99/mode/1up","Loxia prasina"],["29391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura prasina prasina","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.lxxi pl.72,73",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Thailand and far southern Yunnan (southwestern China) southward through the Malayan Peninsula and southern Vietnam, Sumatra, and Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-169B8DDC",null,null,"Java.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/99/mode/1up","Loxia prasina"],["29392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura prasina coelica","Stuart Baker, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (scarce) and rare and local Palawan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6C7DCEB",null,null,"Marintan-an, Borneo.","Description of a new subspecies of Weaver-bird from Borneo, and proposed new name Uroloncha rufiventris for bird known as U. pectoralis Jerdon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/112/mode/1up","Erythrura prasina coelica"],["29393","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura viridifacies","Hachisuka & Delacour, 1937","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 57 p.66","Green-faced Parrotfinch","Green-faced Parrotfinch","Green-faced Parrotfinch",null,null,"northern Philippines (Luzon and Negros)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719703","grfpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grfpar1","avibase-99FE1678",null,null,"vicinity of Manila, Luzon.","Description of a new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125290#page/106/mode/1up","Erythrura viridifacies"],["29394","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura hyperythra","(Reichenbach, 1862)","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.1 p.33, pl.11, f.97","Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch","Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch","Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to montane bamboo thickets, evergreen forest edge, grassland, and rice fields, on Malayan Peninsula, northern Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro), highland Borneo, Sulawesi, and patchily from Java eastward through Lesser Sundas to Flores",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719695","tabpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabpar1","avibase-CF1F8158",null,null,"New Guinea [= Java] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/55/mode/1up","Chlorura hyperythra"],["29395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura hyperythra brunneiventris","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines (montane forest of Luzon and Mindoro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2244C70E",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/148/mode/1up","Chlorura brunneiventris"],["29396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura hyperythra borneensis","(Sharpe, 1889)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.3, no.17 p.424,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56B0422C",null,null,"Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo.","LI. On two new Species of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53339#page/438/mode/1up","Chlorura borneensis"],["29397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura hyperythra malayana","(Robinson, 1928)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 48 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D19304EF",null,null,"Telom, 3,500 ft., Cameron's Highlands, Perak-Pahang boundary, Malay Peninsula.","Description of a new race of Weaver-Finch from the Malay Peninsula.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125306#page/112/mode/1up","Chlorura hyperythra malayana"],["29398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura hyperythra hyperythra","(Reichenbach, 1862)","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.1 p.33, pl.11, f.97",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-817FE266",null,null,"New Guinea [= Java] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/55/mode/1up","Chlorura hyperythra"],["29399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura hyperythra microrhyncha","(Stresemann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A2D1337",null,null,"Latimodjon mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. I. Zur Ornithologie des Latimodjong-Gebirges im südlichen Central-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0007-0014.pdf#page=6","Chlorura hyperythra microrhyncha"],["29400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura hyperythra intermedia","(Hartert, 1896)","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.4 p.558-559",null,null,null,null,null,"western Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C9FA9CD",null,null,"Lombok, 4000 ft, east coast","An account of the collections of birds made by Mr. William Doherty in the Eastern Archipelago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/610/mode/1up","Chlorura intermedia"],["29401","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura psittacea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.903","Red-throated Parrotfinch","Red-throated Parrotfinch","Red-throated Parrotfinch",null,null,"New Caledonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719725","retpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retpar3","avibase-39D00123",null,null,"New Caledonia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/404/mode/1up","Fringilla psittacea"],["29402","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura pealii","Hartlaub, 1852","Journal für Ornithologie 18, bd.1 p.168","Fiji Parrotfinch","Fiji Parrotfinch","Fiji Parrotfinch",null,null,"Fiji (Viti Levu, Kadavu, Vanua Levu, and Taveuni)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719729","fijpar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fijpar1","avibase-07A73FDE",null,null,"Vanua Levu, Fiji.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31352#page/112/mode/1up","Erythrura Pealii"],["29403","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura cyaneovirens","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.117","Royal Parrotfinch","Royal Parrotfinch","Red-headed Parrotfinch","2025-0563","Taxa <em>regia, efatensis</em>, and <em>serena</em>, sometimes recognized as a polytypic species <em>Erythrura regia</em>, are considered conspecific with <em>E. cyaneovirens </em>based on relatively subtle plumage differences. Genome-wide SNP data indicate that <em>E. cyaneovirens</em>, as currently defined, is not monophyletic (DeCicco et al. 2023), with <em>E. pealii</em> sister to taxon <em>regia </em>with strong branch support. In addition, there is considerable mitochondrial divergence between <em>regia </em>and <em>cyaneovirens </em>at ~3.6% based on the ND2 gene, but <em>E. pealii </em>was not included in this analysis. A future comprehensive reassessment is likely to lead to a division of <em>E. cyaneovirens</em> as currently constituted.","Vanuatu and Samoa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/106022210","roypar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roypar1","avibase-7775B5DA",null,null,"Upolu [= Samoa].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/137/mode/1up","Geospiza cyaneovirens"],["29404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura cyaneovirens regia","(Sclater, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.544 pl.15 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Gaua, in southern Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu) to Emae (central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B0C954E",null,null,"Api [= Epi] Island, New Hebrides.","On two apparently new Finches of the Genus Erythrura, with Remarks on other known Species of the Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/602/mode/1up","Erythrospiza regia"],["29405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura cyaneovirens efatensis","Mayr, 1931","American Museum Novitates no.489 p.8-9",null,null,null,null,null,"Efate (central Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D1A47F7",null,null,"Efate Island, New Hebrides.","The Parrot Finches (Genus Erythrura).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3036/","Erythrura cyaneovirens efatensis"],["29406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura cyaneovirens serena","(Sclater, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.544-545, pl. XV, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Aneityum (southern Vanuatu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-461D5992",null,null,"Aneiteum Island.","On two apparently new Finches of the Genus Erythrura, with Remarks on other known Species of the Group.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/602/mode/1up","Erythrospiza serena"],["29407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura cyaneovirens gaughrani","du Pont, 1972","Wilson Bulletin 84, no.4 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"Savaiʻi (western Samoa, south-central Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29FB21B7",null,null,"Mot. 'O'a, Savaii, Western Samoa, 5000 ft.","Notes from Western Samoa, including the description of a new parrot-finch (Erythrura).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol84/iss4/1/","Erythrura cyaneovirens gaughrani"],["29408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura cyaneovirens cyaneovirens","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"Upolu (eastern Samoa, south-central Polynesia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD6DE124",null,null,"Upolu [= Samoa].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/137/mode/1up","Geospiza cyaneovirens"],["29409","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura tricolor","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.233","Tricolored Parrotfinch","Tricolored Parrotfinch","Tricoloured Parrotfinch",null,null,"Lesser Sundas (Timor, Wetar, Babar, Damar, Romang, and Tanimbar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719707","tripar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tripar1","avibase-58F4664B",null,null,"Timor.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/249/mode/1up","Fringilla tricolor"],["29410","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura coloria","Ripley & Rabor, 1961","Postilla no.50 p.18","Red-eared Parrotfinch","Red-eared Parrotfinch","Red-eared Parrotfinch",null,null,"montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719716","reepar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reepar2","avibase-B6EA0B9C",null,null,"Mt. Katanglad, Malaybalay, Bukidnon, Mindanao.","The avifauna of Mount Katanglad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/566/mode/1up","Erythrura coloria"],["29411","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura papuana","Rothschild & Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.7","Papuan Parrotfinch","Papuan Parrotfinch","Papuan Parrotfinch",null,null,"mountains of New Guinea (Bird's Head Peninsula to southeastern ranges)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719721","pappar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pappar1","avibase-F7429922",null,null,"Arfak mountains, Dutch New Guinea","The birds of Ruk in the Central Carolines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/21/mode/1up","Erythrura trichoa papuana"],["29412","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.8 pl.10","Blue-faced Parrotfinch","Blue-faced Parrotfinch","Blue-faced Parrotfinch",null,null,"Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea and associated islands, northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics), Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu and Loyalty Islands (Lifou and Maré, New Caledonia), Solomon Islands, and Caroline Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719712","blfpar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfpar3","avibase-A47408C2",null,null,"Ualan [= Kusaie] , Caroline Islands.",null,null,"Fringilla trichroa"],["29413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa sanfordi","Stresemann, 1931","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AA4726F",null,null,"Latimodjon Mountains.","Vorläufiges über die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930-1931. I. Zur Ornithologie des Latimodjong-Gebirges im südlichen Central-Celebes.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0007-0014.pdf#page=6","Erythrura trichroa sanfordi"],["29414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa modesta","Wallace, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.16 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Moluccas (Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, and Bacan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B432F44",null,null,"Ternate.","On some new Birds from the Northern Moluccas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/397/mode/1up","Erythrura modesta"],["29415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa pinaiae","Stresemann, 1914","Novitates Zoologicae 21, no.1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Moluccas (Seram and Buru)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FE21C93",null,null,"Gunung- Pinaia, Seram.","Die Vögel von Seran (Ceram).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21971#page/163/mode/1up","Erythrura trichroa pinaiae"],["29416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa sigillifer","(De Vis, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.11 p.389-390",null,null,null,null,null,"New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B69DB5A",null,null,"Mt. Scratchley, southeastern New Guinea.","Diagnoses of Thirty-six new or little-known Birds from British New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/447/mode/1up","Lobospingus sigillifer"],["29417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa macgillivrayi","Mathews, 1914","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 2, no.5 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Australia (Wet Tropics region, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC470199",null,null,"Claudie River [= Lloyd's River], northern Queensland.","Additions and corrections to my list of the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108185#page/121/mode/1up","Erythrura trichroa macgillivrayi"],["29418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa eichhorni","Hartert, 1924","Novitates Zoologicae 31, no.2 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"Mussau and Emirau, in St. Matthias Group (north-central Bismarck Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D214EBBD",null,null,"St. Matthias Island.","The Birds of St. Matthias Island","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105790#page/370/mode/1up","Erythrura trichroa eichhorni"],["29419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa pelewensis","Kuroda, 1922","Birds of Micronesia p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Palau (western Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-062339B2",null,null,"Pelew Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84945#page/45/mode/1up","Erythrura trichroa pelewensis"],["29420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa clara","Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1931","Tori (Japanese Journal of Ornithology) 7, no.32 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"Chuuk and Pohnpei (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2854FDA0",null,null,"Natsushima, Ruk [Chuuk, Fed. State of Micronesia]","On two new forms of the Micronesian Birds.","https://doi.org/10.3838/jjo.7.32_109","Erythrura trichroa clara"],["29421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa trichroa","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 2 p.8 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Kosrae (Caroline Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B0434DE",null,null,"Ualan [= Kusaie] , Caroline Islands.",null,null,"Fringilla trichroa"],["29422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa woodfordi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1900","Novitates Zoologicae 7, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalcanal and probably Bougainville and Kolombangara (Solomon Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D3DA7D5",null,null,"Aola, Guadalcanar.","The birds of Ruk in the Central Carolines.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22656#page/21/mode/1up","Erythrura trichroa woodfordi"],["29423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Erythrura trichroa cyanofrons","Layard, 1878","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.5, vol.1, no.5 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"Vanuatu and Loyalty Islands (Lifou and Maré, New Caledonia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F658AF94",null,null,"Lifu, Loyalty Islands.","XLII. Descriptions of new Species of Birds from the Island of Lifu, New Caledonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88434#page/395/mode/1up","Erythrura cyanofrons"],["29424","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nesocharis","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nesocharis shelleyi [Alexander, 1903]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/420/mode/1up","Nesocharis"],["29425","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nesocharis ansorgei","(Hartert, 1899)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.26","White-collared Oliveback","White-collared Oliveback","White-collared Oliveback",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill to submontane papyrus swamps, marshy forest edge, and lakeshore thickets, in Albertine Rift from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Uganda and northwestern Tanzania, and in southwestern Republic of the Congo and northwestern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719318","whcoli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcoli1","avibase-99453701",null,null,"Wemo [= Wimi] River, Toro, Uganda.","[Description of a new species of Weaver-Finch from Equatorial Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/58/mode/1up","Pytelia ansorgei"],["29426","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nesocharis shelleyi","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.48","Shelley's Oliveback","Shelley's Oliveback","Shelley's Oliveback",null,null,"foothill and montane forest and cocoa plantations from southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon southward to southern Cameroon (Mount Kupe, Mount Cameroon), and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719312","fepoli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fepoli1","avibase-BD9A8EF4",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po.","A genus and four new species of birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/420/mode/1up","Nesocharis shelleyi"],["29427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nesocharis shelleyi shelleyi","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon (Mount Cameroon); Bioko (Moka highlands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85EF573D",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po.","A genus and four new species of birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/420/mode/1up","Nesocharis shelleyi"],["29428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nesocharis shelleyi bansoensis","Bannerman, 1923","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau) and highlands of Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ABE2230",null,null,"Banso Mountains, 6,000 ft., north of Kumbo.","Descriptions of four new forms from Northern Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/31/mode/1up","Nesocharis shelleyi bansoensis"],["29429","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Coccopygia","Reichenbach, 1862","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla dufresnii [Vieillot]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 305). = Fringilla melanotis Temminck, 1823",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/45/mode/1up","Coccopygia"],["29430","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Coccopygia quartinia","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.461","Yellow-bellied Waxbill","Yellow-bellied Waxbill","Yellow-bellied Waxbill",null,null,"foothill and montane undergrowth, forest edge, rocky scrub or dense grass, from Eritrea and Ethiopia southward through east Africa to eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815089","yebwax2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebwax2","avibase-B9BE800C",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/713/mode/1up","E[strelda] quartinia"],["29431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Coccopygia quartinia quartinia","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.461",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABC162B0",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/713/mode/1up","E[strelda] quartinia"],["29432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Coccopygia quartinia kilimensis","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and northern and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9B11E79",null,null,"Kilimanjaro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/327/mode/1up","Coccopygia kilimensis"],["29433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Coccopygia quartinia stuartirwini","(Clancey, 1969)","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (15) p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Tanzania to eastern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD1CC378",null,null,"Mt. Gorongosa, Manica e Sofala, Mozambique, at 3700 ft. a.s.l.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 27. 6. Systematic and distributional notes on Moçambique birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1365","Estrilda quartinia stuartirwini"],["29434","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Coccopygia melanotis","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.37, vol.3 pl.221 fig.1","Swee Waxbill","Swee Waxbill","Swee Waxbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill open and brushy grassland, coastal scrub, and farmbush, from eastern and south-central Zimbabwe southward to eastern and southern South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini, and adjacent southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103814997","swewax3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swewax3","avibase-7CB6CE7B",null,null,"'Pays des Cafres' [= eastern Cape Province] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/507/mode/1up","Fringilla melanotis"],["29435","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Coccopygia bocagei","Shelley, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.56","Angola Waxbill","Angola Waxbill","Angola Waxbill",null,null,"foothill and submontane tall grassland, forest edge understory, and riverine woodland, in west-central Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815110","swewax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swewax1","avibase-95DC125B",null,null,"Benguella, Angola ; type from Huila, see Shelley, 1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 236.","On a new species of Coccopygia from Benguela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/428/mode/1up","Coccopygia bocagei"],["29436","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mandingoa","Hartert, 1919","Novitates Zoologicae 26, no.1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Estrelda nitidula [Hartlaub, 1865]; type by original designation",null,"Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection. I. Corvidae to Meliphagidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24180#page/163/mode/1up","Mandingoa"],["29437","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mandingoa nitidula","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.3 p.269","Green Twinspot","Green Twinspot","Green Twinspot",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane undergrowth, evergreen scrub, and bamboo thickets, from Sierra Leone eastward to western Central African Republic, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and southward to northern Angola and northwestern Zambia, and from central Ethiopia southward to southern Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719354","grbtwi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbtwi1","avibase-1A6B766A",null,null,"Natal.","A Seventh additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/301/mode/1up","Estrelda nitidula"],["29438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mandingoa nitidula schlegeli","(Sharpe, 1870)","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.24 p.482, pl. XIV, fig. 2, 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E669DFE",null,null,"Fantee, Gold Coast.","On Additional Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/504/mode/1up","Pytelia schlegeli"],["29439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mandingoa nitidula virginiae","(Amadon, 1953)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 100, art.3 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-172A142D",null,null,"Opu River, Fernando Po. [Bioko]","Avian systematics and evolution in the Gulf of Guinea. The J. G. Correia collection.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1013","Hypargos nitidulus virginiae"],["29440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mandingoa nitidula chubbi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia to northeastern Zambia, northern Malawi, and northern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A36F646",null,null,"British East Africa ; type from Marsabit, see W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 786.","On a new species of Pytelia from British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/92/mode/1up","Pytelia chubbi"],["29441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Mandingoa nitidula nitidula","(Hartlaub, 1865)","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Zambia, southern Malawi, and central Mozambique to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6F2E85D",null,null,"Natal.","A Seventh additional List of Birds from Natal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/301/mode/1up","Estrelda nitidula"],["29442","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza","Salvadori, 1884","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.21 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pytelia reichenovii [Hartlaub, 1874]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94438#page/186/mode/1up","Cryptospiza"],["29443","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza shelleyi","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.21","Shelley's Crimsonwing","Shelley's Crimsonwing","Shelley's Crimsonwing",null,null,"local and declining in foothill to montane forest understory, riverine scrub, and bamboo thickets, in Albertine Rift in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719374","shcwin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shcwin1","avibase-1C1A87C4",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On two new birds from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/391/mode/1up","Cryptospiza shelleyi"],["29444","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza jacksoni","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.8","Dusky Crimsonwing","Dusky Crimsonwing","Dusky Crimsonwing",null,null,"foothill to montane forest understory, bamboo thickets, riverine scrub, and forest clearings, in Albertine Rift in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719369","ducwin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducwin1","avibase-7E6DF5D5",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/378/mode/1up","Cryptospiza jacksoni"],["29445","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza reichenovii","(Hartlaub, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.14 p.166","Red-faced Crimsonwing","Red-faced Crimsonwing","Red-faced Crimsonwing",null,null,"disjunctly in foothill and sub-montane thickets and dense undergrowth of highland forest, from southeastern Nigeria, adjacent Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), in northwestern Angola (Gabela region), and from the Albertine Rift of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda, southward to Burundi, and from northern Tanzania southward to eastern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719359","rfcwin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rfcwin1","avibase-E034D9D9",null,null,"Bondongo, Cameroun.","Description of a new Species of Pytelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/202/mode/1up","Pytelia reichenovii"],["29446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza reichenovii reichenovii","(Hartlaub, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.14 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to Angola; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70ACD902",null,null,"Bondongo, Cameroun.","Description of a new Species of Pytelia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/202/mode/1up","Pytelia reichenovii"],["29447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza reichenovii ocularis","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Albertine Rift",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCC86743",null,null,"Ruwenzori.","On new species from the Ruwenzori range.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/378/mode/1up","Cryptospiza ocularis"],["29448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza reichenovii australis","Shelley, 1896","Ibis ser.7, vol.2, no.6 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania to Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82E7EC15",null,null,"Mt. Chiradzulu, Shire highlands, Nyasaland.","On a Collection of Birds from Mount Chiradzulu, in the Shiré Highlands, Nyasaland. With prefatory Remarks by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55020#page/228/mode/1up","Cryptospiza australis"],["29449","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza salvadorii","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.187,221","Abyssinian Crimsonwing","Abyssinian Crimsonwing","Abyssinian Crimsonwing",null,null,"patchy in montane forest undergrowth, bamboo thickets, and bracken briar, from southern South Sudan and central Ethiopia southward through Uganda and the Rwenzori Mountains to Burundi, and from central Kenya southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719364","abcwin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abcwin1","avibase-98B15EE7",null,null,"Shoa [= Sciolitat, Shoa, Ethiopia, see Salvadori, 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 21, p. 180].","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/201/mode/1up","Cryptospiza salvadorii"],["29450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza salvadorii salvadorii","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.198 p.187,221",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia (Shoa) to northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04D7297D",null,null,"Shoa [= Sciolitat, Shoa, Ethiopia, see Salvadori, 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 21, p. 180].","Zur Vogelfauna von Kamerun. Erster Nachtrag.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/201/mode/1up","Cryptospiza salvadorii"],["29451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza salvadorii ruwenzori","Sclater, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Rwenzori Mountains (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Uganda) southward to western Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9036625D",null,null,"Mubuku valley, 7,000 ft., on eastern slopes of Ruwenzori.","Description and remarks on a new African Weaver.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/81/mode/1up","Cryptospiza salvadorii ruwenzori"],["29452","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Cryptospiza salvadorii kilimensis","Moreau & Sclater, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 55 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, eastern Uganda, Kenya (except northern), and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBEE89C8",null,null,"near Ngare, 5,750 ft., Nairobi, North River, west side of Kilimanjaro.","Exhibition and description, on behalf of Mr. R. E. Moreau and himself, of two new birds, a Crimson-Wing and a White-eye, from northern Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125291#page/51/mode/1up","Cryptospiza salvadorii kilimensis"],["29453","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Parmoptila","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Parmoptila woodhousei [Cassin, 1859]; type by monotypy","Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/58/mode/1up","Parmoptila"],["29454","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Parmoptila rubrifrons","(Sharpe & Ussher, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.182","Red-fronted Antpecker","Red-fronted Antpecker","Red-fronted Antpecker",null,null,"patchy in lowland and secondary forest understory, often near swampy areas, from Sierra Leone and southeastern Guinea eastward to southern Ghana",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735256","refant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refant1","avibase-6B6E52A1",null,null,"Denkera, Ghana.","On Three new Species of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/216/mode/1up","Pholidornis rubrifrons"],["29455","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Parmoptila jamesoni","(Shelley, 1890)","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.6 p.163, pl. V, fig. 1","Jameson's Antpecker","Jameson's Antpecker","Jameson's Antpecker",null,null,"patchy in foothill primary and logged forest, often near swamps, and gallery forestunderstory, in northwestern, north-central, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and eastward to western Uganda, and far northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734135","jamant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamant1","avibase-39D5C361",null,null,"Yambuya, Aruwimi River, Congo.","On a Collection of Birds made by the late Mr. J. S. Jameson on the Aruwhimi River, Upper Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/191/mode/1up","Pholidornis jamesoni"],["29456","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Parmoptila woodhousei","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.40","Woodhouse's Antpecker","Woodhouse's Antpecker","Woodhouse's Antpecker",null,null,"patchy in lowland primary and secondary rainforest, and gallery forest, from southern Nigeria, southern Cameroon and Gabon eastward to western Central African Republic, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719273","wooant1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wooant1","avibase-06C33419",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/58/mode/1up","Parmoptila Woodhousei"],["29457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Parmoptila woodhousei woodhousei","Cassin, 1859","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon, southern Central African Republic, and central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAA8619D",null,null,"Camma River, Western Africa [=Komoé River, Sette Cama, Gabon]","Catalogue of Birds collected on the Rivers Camma and Ogobai, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in 1858, with notes and descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/58/mode/1up","Parmoptila Woodhousei"],["29458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Parmoptila woodhousei ansorgei","Hartert, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-194B365C",null,null,"Golungo Alto, Angola.","New species of birds from Angola and Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/558/mode/1up","Parmoptila ansorgei"],["29459","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita","Strickland, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Aethiops canicapillus [Strickland, 1841]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/297/mode/1up","Nigrita"],["29460","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita fusconotus","Fraser, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.145","White-breasted Nigrita","White-breasted Nigrita","White-breasted Nigrita",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, and cocoa or palm plantations, from Sierra Leone and Guinea eastward through southern Cameron and central and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola, Rwanda, and Burundi, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719278","whbneg2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbneg2","avibase-F3B46894",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/297/mode/1up","Nigrita fusconotus"],["29461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita fusconotus uropygialis","Sharpe, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.20 p.384, pl. XI, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Guinea and Liberia (Mount Nimba) to southern Ghana and southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ECC2DFD",null,null,"Fantee, West Africa","On two more Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/426/mode/1up","Nigrita uropygialis"],["29462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita fusconotus fusconotus","Fraser, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, and western Kenya; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E7EB28F",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/297/mode/1up","Nigrita fusconotus"],["29463","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita bicolor","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Systematisches Verzeichniss der naturhistorischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum. Erste Abtheilung. Voegel 1 p.76","Chestnut-breasted Nigrita","Chestnut-breasted Nigrita","Chestnut-breasted Nigrita",null,null,"lowland and foothill rainforest, open woodland, and wooded savanna from southwestern Senegal eastward to southern Cameroon and western Central African Republic, and southward to western Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Angola, and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea), and in the Albertine Rift mountains of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719288","chbneg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbneg1","avibase-AD1CBF5A",null,null,"Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49904#page/88/mode/1up","Pytelia bicolor"],["29464","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita bicolor bicolor","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Systematisches Verzeichniss der naturhistorischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum. Erste Abtheilung. Voegel 1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FA6AA83",null,null,"Gold Coast.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49904#page/88/mode/1up","Pytelia bicolor"],["29465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita bicolor brunnescens","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria to Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo; Príncipe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3894B6B6",null,null,"lower Guinea; type from Principe Island, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 776.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/193/mode/1up","Nigrita bicolor brunnescens"],["29466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita bicolor saturatior","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A932D617",null,null,"Uvamba [= Awamba], Uganda.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/193/mode/1up","Nigrita bicolor saturatior"],["29467","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita luteifrons","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.420","Pale-fronted Nigrita","Pale-fronted Nigrita","Pale-fronted Nigrita",null,null,"lowland forest clearings and secondary growth from eastern Sierra Leone and Liberia eastward to southern Central African Republic, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda, and southward to northwestern Angola and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719293","pafneg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pafneg1","avibase-AE4727FB",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voir p. 257 et 306.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/444/mode/1up","Nigrita luteifrons"],["29468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita luteifrons luteifrons","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"Ivory Coast to Central African Republic, northern Angola, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FAD6816",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voir p. 257 et 306.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/444/mode/1up","Nigrita luteifrons"],["29469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita luteifrons alexanderi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D550AE4A",null,null,"Fernando Po.","Description of a new Weaver-Finch from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/42/mode/1up","Nigrita alexanderi"],["29470","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita canicapillus","(Strickland, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.99 p.30","Grey-headed Nigrita","Gray-headed Nigrita","Grey-headed Nigrita",null,null,"patchy from lowland and montane rainforest, gallery forest, and highland plantations from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, central Kenya, and northern Tanzania, and southward to northwestern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and western Tanzania (Mount Kungwe)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719298","gyhneg1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhneg1","avibase-B15F4C49",null,null,"Fernando Po.","On some new genera of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/42/mode/1up","Aethiops canicapillus"],["29471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita canicapillus emiliae","Sharpe, 1869","Ibis ser.2, vol.5, no.19 p.384-385, pl. XI, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Sierra Leone to Ghana and Togo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-142B6BD6",null,null,"Fantee, West Africa","On two more Collections of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35145#page/426/mode/1up","Nigrita emiliae"],["29472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita canicapillus canicapillus","(Strickland, 1841)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.99 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nigeria to Gabon, lower and middle Republic of the Congo, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35B408D1",null,null,"Fernando Po.","On some new genera of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/42/mode/1up","Aethiops canicapillus"],["29473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita canicapillus schistaceus","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D136A20E",null,null,"Sotik, Kenya Colony.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/150/mode/1up","Nigrita schistacea"],["29474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita canicapillus angolensis","Bannerman, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E61D699",null,null,"Ndala Tando, Angola.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Negro-Finch from Northern Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/156/mode/1up","Nigrita canicapilla angolensis"],["29475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita canicapillus diabolicus","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya to northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91AB8AED",null,null,"Kifinika Hut, 3,000 m., Kilimanjaro.","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/90/mode/1up","Atopornis diabolicus"],["29476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Nigrita canicapillus candidus","Moreau, 1942","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 62 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Mount Kungwe (western Tanzania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B96A8047",null,null,"Ujamba, 6,700 ft., Kungwe Mountain, Tanganyika.","New Races of Slaty Flycatcher, Bracken-Warbler, and Grey-headed Negro-Finch from Tanganyika Territory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125588#page/69/mode/1up","Nigrita canicapilla candida"],["29477","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Delacourella","Wolters, 1949","Beiträge zur Gattungssystematik der Vögel 1 p.7.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pytelia capistrata [Hartlaub]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Delacourella"],["29478","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Delacourella capistrata","(Hartlaub, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.52 p.259","Grey-headed Oliveback","Gray-headed Oliveback","Grey-headed Oliveback",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill forest edge, grassy and and riparian woodland, often near swamps, and grassy savanna, from Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and southwestern Mali eastward through Central African Republic to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719323","gyholi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyholi1","avibase-2AD189C1",null,null,"Bissao, Portuguese Guinea.","Berichtigungen und Zusätze zu meinem „System der Ornithologie Westafrica's“","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/275/mode/1up","Pytelia capistrata"],["29479","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Brunhilda","Reichenbach, 1862","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.2 p.48.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla erythronotos [Vieillot, 1817]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/72/mode/1up","Brunhilda"],["29480","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Brunhilda erythronotos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.182","Black-faced Waxbill","Black-faced Waxbill","Black-faced Waxbill",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill acacia scrub and riverine thickets in arid country, from western Uganda and southwestern Kenya southward to northern and central Tanzania, and from southern Angola and Namibia eastward through southwestern Zambia and Botswana to western Zimbabwe and northern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719604","blcwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwax1","avibase-842FF43C",null,null,"India; Kurrichane, western Transvaal, designated by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 802.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/196/mode/1up","Fringilla erythronotos"],["29481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Brunhilda erythronotos delamerei","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya to western Uganda and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DEEFE04",null,null,"Athi River, British East Africa.","[Description of three apparently new species of birds from British East Africa].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/134/mode/1up","Estrilda delamerei"],["29482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Brunhilda erythronotos erythronotos","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, southwestern Zambia, western Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3E96F3C",null,null,"India; Kurrichane, western Transvaal, designated by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 802.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/196/mode/1up","Fringilla erythronotos"],["29483","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Brunhilda charmosyna","(Reichenow, 1881)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 6 p.78","Black-cheeked Waxbill","Black-cheeked Waxbill","Black-cheeked Waxbill",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia thickets and thornscrub from central Ethiopia and western Somalia southward to northern Uganda and central and southeastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719609","rerwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rerwax1","avibase-50BF77FB",null,null,"Berdera, East Africa [= Bardera, southern Somalia, fide Zedlitz, 1912, Ornith. Monatsb., 20, p. 76].","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_6_0078.pdf","Habropyga charmosyna"],["29484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Brunhilda charmosyna charmosyna","(Reichenow, 1881)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 6 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, northeastern Uganda, and northern and eastern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024CDFBF",null,null,"Berdera, East Africa [= Bardera, southern Somalia, fide Zedlitz, 1912, Ornith. Monatsb., 20, p. 76].","Nachrichten und Neuigkeiten. Allgemeine Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_6_0078.pdf","Habropyga charmosyna"],["29485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Brunhilda charmosyna kiwanukae","(Van Someren, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73F8B72B",null,null,"Mbyuni [, Teita district, Kenya] .","Exhibition and description of new birds from Uganda and British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/323/mode/1up","Estrilda charmosyna kiwanukae"],["29486","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Glaucestrilda","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.268.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Estrilda incana [Sundevall]; type by original designation",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/350/mode/1up","Glaucestrilda"],["29487","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Glaucestrilda caerulescens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.176","Lavender Waxbill","Lavender Waxbill","Lavender Waxbill","2025-N055","The original spelling was printed with a ligature that has elicited controversy over whether it should be interpreted as an -oe or an -ae. However, the spelling \"<em>caerulescens</em>\" is currently in clearly prevailing usage, and is therefore here adopted.","lowland to foothill open dry woodland, dense thickets, rank grassland, rocky hillsides, and margins of cultivation, from Senegambia, northern Guinea, and southern Mali eastward to southern Chad and northern Central African Republic; introduced locally in Hawaii, to Oahu and the island of Hawaii",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719518","lavwax","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lavwax","avibase-174BFAB6",null,null,"Zone Torride; Senegal, designated by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 800.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/190/mode/1up","Fringilla caerulescens"],["29488","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Glaucestrilda thomensis","(Sousa, 1888)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 12 p.155","Cinderella Waxbill","Cinderella Waxbill","Cinderella Waxbill",null,null,"lowland and foothill riverine thicket in acacia and mopane woodland in western Angola and far northwestern Namibia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719528","cinwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinwax1","avibase-3161DF72",null,null,"São Tome Island [?].",null,null,"Estrelda thomensis"],["29489","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Glaucestrilda perreini","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.179","Grey Waxbill","Black-tailed Waxbill","Black-tailed Waxbill",null,null,"patchy in lowland to sub-montane open woodland or miombo, evergreen forest, bamboo and thickets from southern Gabon and Republic of the Congo southward to Angola and western and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and from southern Tanzania southward to northern and eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719522","bltwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltwax1","avibase-BC75EA9A",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/193/mode/1up","Fringilla Perreini"],["29490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Glaucestrilda perreini perreini","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, and far northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4AC618D",null,null,"Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/193/mode/1up","Fringilla Perreini"],["29491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Glaucestrilda perreini incana","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Malawi, southeastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-902F343C",null,null,"Caffraria Inferiore; type from Durban, fide Gyldenstolpe, 1927, Arkiv Zool., 19A(1), p. 10.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/108/mode/1up","Estrilda incana"],["29492","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia astrild [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation and virtual tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/377/mode/1up","Estrilda"],["29493","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda nonnula","Hartlaub, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.164 p.425","Black-crowned Waxbill","Black-crowned Waxbill","Black-crowned Waxbill",null,null,"patchy in central Africa, in lowland to montane second-growth woodland, grassy forest edge, and gardens from southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, and central Central African Republic, and southward to Gabon, and from southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Kenya, southward to Burundi and northwestern Tanzania, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719589","blcwax2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwax2","avibase-2680F124",null,null,"Kudurma, eastern equatorial Africa [=Equatoria Province, Sudan] .","Diagnosen einiger neuer Vögel aus dem östlich-äquatorialen Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/437/mode/1up","Astrilda nonnula"],["29494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda nonnula elizae","Alexander, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59C9C875",null,null,"Moka, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of two new species of birds from Fernando Po.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/426/mode/1up","Estrilda elizae"],["29495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda nonnula eisentrauti","Wolters, 1964","Journal für Ornithologie 105, no.3 p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Cameroon (Mount Cameroon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B35862C",null,null,"Lager VI, Isobi, Mt. Cameroon.","Estrilda nonnula eisentrauti subsp. nov..","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01672248","Estrilda nonnula eisentrauti"],["29496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda nonnula nonnula","Hartlaub, 1883","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.164 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,"Burkina Faso to southeastern Nigeria, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ADDC217",null,null,"Kudurma, eastern equatorial Africa [=Equatoria Province, Sudan] .","Diagnosen einiger neuer Vögel aus dem östlich-äquatorialen Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/437/mode/1up","Astrilda nonnula"],["29497","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda kandti","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.184","Kandt's Waxbill","Kandt's Waxbill","Kandt's Waxbill",null,null,"patchy in submontane to montane forest edge and clearings, bamboo thickets, and bare rocky slopes, from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to central Kenya, and southward to Rwanda and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103813616","kanwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kanwax1","avibase-C38DEB1A",null,null,"Lake Kivu.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/204/mode/1up","Estrilda kandti"],["29498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda kandti kandti","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward through Uganda and southward through Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-069E7A8D",null,null,"Lake Kivu.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/204/mode/1up","Estrilda kandti"],["29499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda kandti keniensis","Mearns, 1915","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48, no.2076 p.390",null,null,null,null,null,"central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B0AE7CC",null,null,"Fey's Farm, 8,000 ft., Aberdare Mountains.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110977#page/456/mode/1up","Estrilda atricapilla keniensis"],["29500","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda atricapilla","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.421","Black-headed Waxbill","Black-headed Waxbill","Black-headed Waxbill",null,null,"patchy in central Africa, in lowland forest clearings with tall grass and sedges, and villages (but avoiding Congolian rainforest), from southern Cameroon to northern Angola and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103813598","blhwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhwax1","avibase-16E6A0F3",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voir p. 257 et 306.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/445/mode/1up","Estrelda atricapilla"],["29501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda atricapilla atricapilla","Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon, Gabon, and northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EAC6D33",null,null,"Afr. occid. Gabon.","Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles, rares ou peu connues, d'oiseaux du Gabon (Afrique occidentale) - Voir p. 257 et 306.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/445/mode/1up","Estrelda atricapilla"],["29502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda atricapilla marungensis","Prigogine, 1975","Revue Zoologique Africaine 89, no.3 p.605",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Marungu Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74A7D58F",null,null,"At the Lufuko River, near Pepa, Zaire, alt. 1890 m","Les populations de Estrilda ruficapilla (Verreaux) de l'Afrique centrale et description d'une nouvelle race (Aves).",null,"Estrilda atricapilla marungensis"],["29503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda atricapilla avakubi","Traylor, 1964","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 84, no.4 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"central Democratic Republic of the Congo to far northeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80589DB4",null,null,"Avakubi, Ituri district, Congo.","A new race of Estrilda atricapilla Verreaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126839#page/98/mode/1up","Estrilda atricapilla avakubi"],["29504","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda melpoda","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.177","Orange-cheeked Waxbill","Orange-cheeked Waxbill","Orange-cheeked Waxbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, forest edge, grassy woodland, plantations, and cultivation, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward through southern Chad and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and southward to northern Angola and northern Zambia; introduced to Spain, Singapore, Taiwan, Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan and Tinian), Hawaiian Islands (Oahu and Maui), and Caribbean (Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Martinique)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719558","orcwax","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcwax","avibase-1E79A7D7",null,null,"India and west coast of Africa; restricted to Senegal by Neumann, 1932, Anz. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 2, p. 154.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/191/mode/1up","Fringilla melpoda"],["29505","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda poliopareia","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.185","Anambra Waxbill","Anambra Waxbill","Anambra Waxbill",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland tall grass and sedge on sandy riverbanks, swamps, and estuaries, and in plantations, of coastal Benin and southern Nigeria",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719543","anawax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anawax1","avibase-A25AFBEA",null,null,"'Congo' ; restricted to southern Nigeria by Chapin, 1950, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 70, p. 24.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/205/mode/1up","Estrilda poliopareia"],["29506","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda paludicola","Heuglin, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.166","Fawn-breasted Waxbill","Fawn-breasted Waxbill","Fawn-breasted Waxbill","2025-0558","Taxon <em>ochrogaster </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Estrilda paludicola</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although <em>ochrogaster </em>differs from nominate in plumage, tail length, and voice, differences from other taxa are less clear. Further research, including genetic data, is needed, as multiple species may be present.","patchy in lowland to montane grassy woodland, tall grass, and forest edge, from Central African Republic eastward to southern Sudan and western Ethiopia, and southward from Gabon southward to western Angola, and from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and western Kenya southward to south-central Tanzania and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719548","fabwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fabwax1","avibase-1066028B",null,null,"middle course of Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Beobachtungen vom Bahr el abiad und Bahr el ghasál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/178/mode/1up","Estrelda paludicola"],["29507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda paludicola paludicola","Heuglin, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Central African Republic, southern Sudan, western South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern and central Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-383474AE",null,null,"middle course of Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Beobachtungen vom Bahr el abiad und Bahr el ghasál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/178/mode/1up","Estrelda paludicola"],["29508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda paludicola roseicrissa","Reichenow, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, southwestern Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94B07D70",null,null,"Bukoba, Lake Victoria.","Zur Vogelfauna des Victoria Njansa. Sammlungen Dr. Emin's und Dr. Stuhlmann's 1890/91.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/61/mode/1up","Estrilda roseicrissa"],["29509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda paludicola marwitzi","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B86C6945",null,null,"Malangali, by Idundu, Uhehe, Tanganyika.","Estrilda marwitzi Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/58/mode/1up","Estrilda marwitzi"],["29510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda paludicola benguellensis","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AC18F07",null,null,"Que River, Benguella [= northern Huila] .","Exhibition and description of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/122/mode/1up","Estrilda paludicola benguellensis"],["29511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda paludicola ruthae","Chapin, 1950","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 70, no.3 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo and adjacent Gabon and western Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8F9474A",null,null,"Lukolela, Congo.","A new Race of Estrilda paludicola from the Congo River.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125665#page/43/mode/1up","Estrilda paludicola ruthae"],["29512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda paludicola ochrogaster","Salvadori, 1897","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 12, no.287 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ethiopia and eastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E269F21",null,null,"Abyssinia; restricted to northern Ethiopia by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1948, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 68, p. 61.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43370#page/118/mode/1up","Estrilda ochrogaster"],["29513","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda nigriloris","Chapin, 1928","American Museum Novitates no.308 p.1","Black-lored Waxbill","Black-lored Waxbill","Black-lored Waxbill",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill tall grassland and bushy savanna in south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719581","blfwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfwax1","avibase-9C12483E",null,null,"Kiabo, Lualaba River, Congo.","A new species of waxbill (Estrilda) from the southeastern Congo.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3996/","Estrilda nigriloris"],["29514","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.173","Common Waxbill","Common Waxbill","Common Waxbill",null,null,"widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (but avoiding rainforest and patchy in arid southwestern Africa), in lowland to montane grassland, acacia savanna, and grassy marsh, from Guinea, Sierra Leone, and southern Mali eastward to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and southern Somali, thence southward from Cameroon to Namibia, and from southern South Sudan to central Kenya and southward to South Africa and southern Mozambique; introduced widely, mostly on islands in tropical oceans, but also Iberian Peninsula and eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719574","comwax","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comwax","avibase-61CB98C0",null,null,"Canaries, America, Africa ; restricted to Cape Town, by W. L. Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 442",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/192/mode/1up","Loxia Astrild"],["29515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild kempi","Bates, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to southern Guinea and Liberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D3E1AC",null,null,"Buedu, near Kailahun, Sierra Leone.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/86/mode/1up","Estrilda astrild kempi"],["29516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild occidentalis","Jardine & Fraser, 1852","Contributions to ornithology no.5-6 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"Ghana to Central African Republic, middle Congo River, and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21F1F9DF",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Birds of Western Africa. Collections of L. Fraser, Esq..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/418/mode/1up","Estrelda occidentalis"],["29517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild peasei","Shelley, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39F242EA",null,null,"JefR Dunsa, Abyssinia.","Notes on African Ploceidae and Alaudidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/451/mode/1up","Estrilda peasei"],["29518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild macmillani","Ogilvie-Grant, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC3F0A79",null,null,"Ibago, Baro River.","Exhibition of two new African species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/532/mode/1up","Estrilda macmillani"],["29519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild adesma","Reichenow, 1916","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10886F61",null,null,"Kissenji, Lake Kivu.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/182/mode/1up","Estrilda astrild adesma"],["29520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild massaica","Neumann, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.4 p.596",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya east of Rift Valley to interior northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0EFF5DE",null,null,"Njoro, Kenya.","Neue Vogel-Arten aus Nordost- und Ost-Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/628/mode/1up","Estrilda astrild massaica"],["29521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild minor","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.143 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia to eastern Kenya, northeastern Tanzania, Zanzibar, and Mafia Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13D6806B",null,null,"Voi River, Kenya Colony.","Uebersicht der Vögel Ost-Afrikas, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und v. Kalckreuth gesammelt sind. (Mit einer Einleitung und biologischen Notizen der Reisenden.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/241/mode/1up","Habropyga minor"],["29522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild cavendishi","Sharpe, 1900","Ibis ser.7, vol.6, no.21 p.110-111",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and Malawi to Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8CD9366",null,null,"Mapicuti, Cheringoma district, Mozambique.","On a Collection of Birds obtained by Mr. H. S. H. Cavendish in Mozambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269662#page/152/mode/1up","Estrilda cavendishi"],["29523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild niediecki","Reichenow, 1916","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 24 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola to southwestern Zambia, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, and western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E99E5637",null,null,"Namwala, Kafue River.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35516#page/182/mode/1up","Estrilda astrild niediecki"],["29524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild angolensis","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"plateau of western Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27C8B906",null,null,"Angola [type from Malanje].","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/193/mode/1up","Estrilda astrild angolensis"],["29525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild jagoensis","Alexander, 1898","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.13 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Angola (Benguela and Moçamedes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8E2AB1D",null,null,"Santiago, Cape Verde Islands.","An Ornithological Expedition to the Cape Verde Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/127/mode/1up","Estrilda jagoensis"],["29526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild rubriventris","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.992",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Gabon and lower southwestern Congo to northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FAE9788",null,null,"Senegal, error ; corrected to Portuguese Congo by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 796.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/100/mode/1up","F[ringilla] Rubriventris"],["29527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild damarensis","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and northwestern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17206446",null,null,"South West Africa; type from Rehoboth, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 795.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/193/mode/1up","Estrilda astrild damarensis"],["29528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild astrild","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Africa and southeastern Botswana; introduced Trinidad and Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F9AF37C",null,null,"Canaries, America, Africa ; restricted to Cape Town, by W. L. Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 442",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/192/mode/1up","Loxia Astrild"],["29529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda astrild tenebridorsa","Clancey, 1957","Durban Museum Novitates 5, no.1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33D20AED",null,null,"Embotyi, sea level, Lusikisiki district, Pondoland, eastern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 8. The South African races of the Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild (Linnaeus).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1667","Estrilda astrild tenebridorsa"],["29530","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda troglodytes","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.26","Black-rumped Waxbill","Black-rumped Waxbill","Black-rumped Waxbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassy woodland, dense thickets, farmbush, swamp edge, and cultivation, from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia, and southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and southwestern Kenya; some seasonal dispersal, introduced in Spain, western Persian Gulf coast, Singapore, Hawaii (island of Hawaii), and Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe and Martinique)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719570","bkrwax","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkrwax","avibase-D30DC715",null,null,"Senegambia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/46/mode/1up","F[ringilla] Troglodytes"],["29531","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda rufibarba","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.169","Arabian Waxbill","Arabian Waxbill","Arabian Waxbill",null,null,"southwestern Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719566","arawax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arawax1","avibase-5E163A46",null,null,"Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/185/mode/1up","H[abropyga] rufibarba"],["29532","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda rhodopyga","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.126","Crimson-rumped Waxbill","Crimson-rumped Waxbill","Crimson-rumped Waxbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia savanna, grassland, and overgrown cultivation from northeastern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Malawi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719562","crrwax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crrwax1","avibase-6DD8F10F",null,null,"northeastern Africa ; type from Sennar, see Shelley, 1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 206.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/136/mode/1up","Estrilda rhodopyga"],["29533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda rhodopyga rhodopyga","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Sudan to Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D177A3F",null,null,"northeastern Africa ; type from Sennar, see Shelley, 1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 206.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/136/mode/1up","Estrilda rhodopyga"],["29534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Estrilda rhodopyga centralis","Kothe, 1911","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 19 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan, central and southern Ethiopia, and northern and southern Somalia southward to northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DE5FA6D",null,null,"Kisenyi, Lake Albert Edward [emended to Lake Kivu by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 798].","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102991#page/86/mode/1up","Estrilda rhodopyga centralis"],["29535","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Paludipasser","Neave, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Paludipasser locustella [Neave, 1909]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/293/mode/1up","Paludipasser"],["29536","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Paludipasser locustella","Neave, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.25","Locust Finch","Locustfinch","Locust Finch",null,null,"patchy in open upland short or burnt grassland of north-central to south-central Africa from Nigeria eastward to Tanzania, and in south from southern Angola eastward to central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719645","locust3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/locust3","avibase-EF6293B7",null,null,"near Lake Bangweulu ; type from upper Luansenshi River, northeast of Lake Bangweulu, fide Neave, 1910, Ibis, p. 251.","On behalf of Mr. S. A. Neave, exhibition of a new genus and species of Weaver-Finch and of a new species of Warbler from Katanga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/293/mode/1up","Paludipasser locustella"],["29537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Paludipasser locustella locustella","Neave, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola eastward to southern Tanzania and southward in east to central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A8DFD16",null,null,"near Lake Bangweulu ; type from upper Luansenshi River, northeast of Lake Bangweulu, fide Neave, 1910, Ibis, p. 251.","On behalf of Mr. S. A. Neave, exhibition of a new genus and species of Weaver-Finch and of a new species of Warbler from Katanga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/293/mode/1up","Paludipasser locustella"],["29538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Paludipasser locustella uelensis","Chapin, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.3 p.24-26, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"patchy from central Nigeria eastward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southward to Gabon and Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB17D236",null,null,"Faradje, upper Uele district, Congo.","Four New Birds from the Belgian Congo.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1894","Paludipasser uelensis"],["29539","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla polyzona [Temminck, 1823]; type by monotypy = Fringilla atricollis Vieillot, 1817",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/108/mode/1up","Ortygospiza"],["29540","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.182","Quailfinch","Quailfinch","African Quailfinch",null,null,"widespread but patchy in lowland to highland short dry grassland, marshy grassland, and treeless floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa, from southern Mauritania eastward to Cameroon, southward to northern Namibia, and from southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia southward through east Africa to southeastern Botswana southern Mozambique, and central and eastern South Africa, and westward in southern South Africa (west to Western Cape); nomadic in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735955","quailf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/quailf1","avibase-8E5252EB",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/196/mode/1up","Fringilla atricollis"],["29541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis atricollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3DE2D94",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/196/mode/1up","Fringilla atricollis"],["29542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis ansorgei","Ogilvie-Grant, 1910","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea-Bissau to Liberia, Ivory Coast, and coastal Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1B2B630",null,null,"Gunnal, Portuguese Guinea.","Exhibition of a new species of Marsh Weaver-Finch from Portuguese Guinea and remarks on Paludipasser locustella, Neave.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/356/mode/1up","Ortygospiza ansorgei"],["29543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis ugandae","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E24E2A61",null,null,"Mumias, North Kavirondo.","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, descriptions of new East African species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/151/mode/1up","Ortygospiza atricollis ugandae"],["29544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis fuscocrissa","Heuglin, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.18-19",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AA0D879",null,null,"Dembea and Tigre, Abyssinia.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/30/mode/1up","Ortygospiza fuscocrissa"],["29545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis muelleri","Zedlitz, 1911","Journal für Ornithologie 59, no.4 p.604",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, and Angola, to Zambia, western Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55F39880",null,null,"Simbiti, Wembere Steppe.","Nachtrag zu „Meine ornithologische Ausbeute in Nordost-Afrika”","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43503#page/624/mode/1up","O[rtygospiga] a[tricollis] Mülleri"],["29546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis smithersi","Benson, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.8 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6410E406",null,null,"Mpasa, lat. 11°00' S., long. 30°30' E., Bangweulu, Northern Rhodesia.","New Forms of Pipit, Longclaw, Robin-Chat, Grass-Warbler, Sunbird, Quail-Finch and Canary from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/152/mode/1up","Ortygospiza atricollis smithersi"],["29547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis pallida","Roberts, 1932","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Botswana and adjacent northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-083E448E",null,null,"Nkate, northern Bechuanaland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Ortygospiza atricollis pallida"],["29548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis digressa","Clancey, 1958","Durban Museum Novitates 5 (10) p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-698825E4",null,null,"Whitson, Umhlongo Nek, Richmond, Natal.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 11. 8. On the name of the south-east African race of Ortygospiza atricollis (Vieillot).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1406","Ortygospiza atricollis digressa"],["29549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis gabonensis","Lynes, 1914","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Equatorial Guinea to Gabon and central Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC4298E8",null,null,"Gabon.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Weaver-Finch.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/173/mode/1up","Ortygospiza gabonensis"],["29550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis fuscata","Sclater, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-369FE202",null,null,"Kawambwa, Northern Rhodesia.","Exhibition of, and remarks on, some new and rare birds obtained by Rear-Admiral Lynes during his 1930-31 journey through Northern Rhodesia, Belgian Congo, and Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/178/mode/1up","Ortygospiza atricollis fuscata"],["29551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Ortygospiza atricollis dorsostriata","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda, Rwanda, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2990208",null,null,"southern Ankole.","Description of new subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/145/mode/1up","Ortygospiza atricollis dorsostriata"],["29552","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amadina","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia fasciata [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/377/mode/1up","Amadina"],["29553","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amadina erythrocephala","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.172","Red-headed Finch","Red-headed Finch","Red-headed Finch",null,null,"western Angola eastward to southern Zambia and southwestern Zimbabwe, and southward to southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719932","rehfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehfin1","avibase-13BE59E4",null,null,"Africa [= Angola, ex Edwards, 1751, Nat. Hist. Birds, 4, p. 180] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/191/mode/1up","Loxia eryocephala"],["29554","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amadina fasciata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.859","Cut-throat Finch","Cut-throat Finch","Cut-throat Finch",null,null,"lowland and foothill grassy and mopane woodland, and acacia or palm savanna, across the Sahel from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward through east Africa to southern Angola, and thence southward to southeastern Botswana and northeastern South Africa; nomadic and irruptive at times",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719927","cutthr1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cutthr1","avibase-CDDA63E0",null,null,"no locality; Senegal designated by Vieillot, 1805, Ois. Chant., p. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/360/mode/1up","Loxia fasciata"],["29555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amadina fasciata fasciata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.859",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania to southern Senegal, eastward to Sudan and South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F221201",null,null,"no locality; Senegal designated by Vieillot, 1805, Ois. Chant., p. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/360/mode/1up","Loxia fasciata"],["29556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amadina fasciata alexanderi","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, southeastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87A96F4E",null,null,"Waram, Hawash River, Shoa [Ethiopia]","Description of new species and subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/415/mode/1up","Amadina fasciata alexanderi"],["29557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amadina fasciata meridionalis","Neunzig, 1910","Journal für Ornithologie 58, no.1 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Malawi to Mozambique, Angola, northeastern Namibia, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D6FFB88",null,null,"Northern Rhodesia ; restricted to Livingstone by White, 1963, Revised Check List African Flycatchers, . . . and Waxbills, p. 186.","Amadina fasciata meridionalis Neunzig nov. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43496#page/220/mode/1up","Amadina fasciata meridionalis"],["29558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amadina fasciata contigua","Clancey, 1970","Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden Band 31, Nr. 5 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, South Africa, and Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21E689FF",null,null,"Uitduiker Farm, c. 10 miles S of Northam, Thabazimbi district, Western Transvaal","The southern populations of Amadina fasciata (Gmelin).",null,"Amadina fasciata contigua"],["29559","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava","Blyth, 1836","The natural history of Selborne, with its antiquities; naturalist's calendar, &c. A new edition, with notes by Edward Blyth p.44,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Amandava punctata [Blyth, 1836]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Fringilla amandava Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Amandava"],["29560","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava formosa","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.441","Green Avadavat","Green Avadavat","Green Avadavat",null,null,"locally in grassland and scrub of Peninsular India",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719618","grnava1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grnava1","avibase-7423EBDD",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/463/mode/1up","Fringilla formosa"],["29561","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava subflava","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 30 p.575","Orange-breasted Waxbill","Zebra Waxbill","Zebra Waxbill",null,null,"widespread but patchy in sub-Saharan Africa (except rainforest and southwestern Africa), in lowland to montane grassland, open woodland, and marshes from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to western Ethiopia, southward to Angola and northern Botswana, and from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda southward to eastern South Africa, nomadic during rains; also western Yemen (where possibly introduced?)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719624","zebwax2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zebwax2","avibase-ECC40D44",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63926#page/595/mode/1up","Fringilla subflava"],["29562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava subflava subflava","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 30 p.575",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Mauritania and Senegal southward to Liberia, eastward to western Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania; western Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38837C95",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63926#page/595/mode/1up","Fringilla subflava"],["29563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava subflava clarkei","(Shelley, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon and western Angola to Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-535746B0",null,null,"Richmond Road, Natal.","Notes on African Ploceidae and Alaudidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/451/mode/1up","Coccopygia clarkei"],["29564","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava amandava","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180","Red Avadavat","Red Avadavat","Red Avadavat",null,null,"lowland to submontane grassland, marsh, damp grass, reeds, rice fields, tamarisk scrub, and villages, from Pakistan eastward to south-central China (including Hainan), and southward to Peninsular India, Thailand, and southern Vietnam, and from Java eastward through Lesser Sundas to Timor; introduced widely, including Iberia, north-central Italy, the Nile Valley (Egypt), central and eastern Arabian Peninsula, Malaysia, Singapore, Fiji (majin islands), Hawaii (most main islands), and Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719614","redava","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redava","avibase-F30FC757",null,null,"eastern India; restricted to Calcutta, West Bengal, by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 725 (Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 837, designate northern Gujerat, apparently unaware of the earlier restriction).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla amandava"],["29565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava amandava amandava","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"patchily in lowlands of Pakistan, India, southern Nepal, and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BE8FBA0",null,null,"eastern India; restricted to Calcutta, West Bengal, by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 725 (Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 36, p. 837, designate northern Gujerat, apparently unaware of the earlier restriction).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla amandava"],["29566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava amandava flavidiventris","(Wallace, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"Myanmar (except Tenasserim), southern China (southwestern Yunnan), northern and central Thailand, northern Vietnam (western Tonkin), and highly disjunctly, Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Flores, Sumba, Roti, and Timor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-841310BB",null,null,"Timor and Flores.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/595/mode/1up","Estrelda flavidiventris"],["29567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Amandava amandava punicea","(Horsfield, 1821)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, pt.1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Thailand, northwestern Laos, Cambodia, northeastern and southern Vietnam, Hainan (southeastern China), and disjunctly Java and Bali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E997A5EE",null,null,"Java.","Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13692#page/179/mode/1up","Fringilla punicea"],["29568","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Granatina","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.403",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla granatina [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/423/mode/1up","Granatina"],["29569","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Granatina granatina","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.319","Violet-eared Waxbill","Violet-eared Waxbill","Violet-eared Waxbill",null,null,"lowland to foothill acacia savanna, thornscrub, thickets in secondary woodland, and cultivation, from southern Angola eastward through southwestern Zambia to Zimbabwe, and southward to northern and northeastern South Africa and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719508","viewax1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viewax1","avibase-E247988F",null,null,"Brazil; emended to Angola by W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 806; further restricted to Huila, Angola, by Clancey, 1959, Durban Mus. Novit., 5, p. 256.1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/323/mode/1up","Fringilla granatina"],["29570","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Granatina ianthinogaster","(Reichenow, 1879)","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.114","Purple Grenadier","Purple Grenadier","Purple Grenadier",null,null,"lowland to foothill semiarid thornbush, acacia thickets, and riparian woodland, from southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719504","purgre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purgre2","avibase-DE689967",null,null,"Massa [on lower Tana River] , East Africa.","Neue Vögel aus Ostrafrika","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_0114.pdf","Uraeginthus ianthinogaster"],["29571","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla bengalus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 76).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/187/mode/1up","Uraeginthus"],["29572","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus angolensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182","Blue Waxbill","Southern Cordonbleu","Blue-breasted Cordon-bleu",null,null,"widespread south of Equator (except Congolian rainforest and southwest Africa), in acacia woodland, farmbush, and gardens from western Angola to northern Namibia, and from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, southward to southwestern Botswana, northern and eastern South Africa, and southern Mozambique; introduced in São Tomé",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719488","bubcor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubcor1","avibase-B40A6BCD",null,null,"Angola. Preoccupied by Fringilla angolensis Linnaeus, 1758 = Uraeginthus angolensis (Linnaeus).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla angolensis"],["29573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus angolensis angolensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Zambia, and northern Zimbabwe; São Tomé, where likely introduced",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AE43BAE",null,null,"Angola. Preoccupied by Fringilla angolensis Linnaeus, 1758 = Uraeginthus angolensis (Linnaeus).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla angolensis"],["29574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus angolensis cyanopleurus","Wolters, 1963","Journal für Ornithologie 104, no.2 p.250",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola, southwestern Zambia, northwestern Zimbabwe, and northern Botswana and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3FF08D5",null,null,"Tsotsoroga, lat. 18° 40' S., long. 24°8' E., northern Bechuanaland.","Uraeginthus angolensis cyanopleurus subsp. nov..","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671923","Uraeginthus angolensis cyanopleurus"],["29575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus angolensis niassensis","Reichenow, 1911","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 5 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania southward to central, eastern Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, southern Zimbabwe, and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93C0743D",null,null,"Songea, Lake Nyasa [in text] .","Die ornithologischen Sammlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Kamerun-Expedition 1908 und 1909. Mit einer Übersicht aller bis jetzt aus Kamerun bekannten Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44276#page/246/mode/1up","[Uraeginthus bengalus] niassensis"],["29576","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus cyanocephalus","(Richmond, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.2 p.157 spdP","Blue-capped Cordon-bleu","Blue-capped Cordonbleu","Blue-capped Cordon-bleu",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid and semiarid savanna, acacia thickets, and thornscrub, from southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and southern Somalia, southward to central Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719499","blccor1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blccor1","avibase-5CAE6778",null,null,"Useri River, near Mt. Kilimanjaro.","Description of ten new species of birds discovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region of East Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/3/","Estrilda cyanocephala"],["29577","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus bengalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.323","Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu","Red-cheeked Cordonbleu","Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu",null,null,"lowland and foothill thornscrub, bushy grassland, and Sahel woodland from southern Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to southeastern Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somali, southward to northeastern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719493","reccor","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccor","avibase-EAE77D96",null,null,"Bengal [emended to Senegal by Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Ornith. Westaf rika, p. 145] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/327/mode/1up","Fringilla bengalus"],["29578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus bengalus bengalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, and Ghana eastward to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, southward to western Cameroon, Central African Republic, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Kenya (west of Rift Valley, southward to Lake Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C00AAB0C",null,null,"Bengal [emended to Senegal by Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Ornith. Westaf rika, p. 145] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/327/mode/1up","Fringilla bengalus"],["29579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus bengalus brunneigularis","Mearns, 1911","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56, no.20 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Somalia and Kenya (from Lake Baringo eastward to coast) southward to northeastern Tanzania (southward to North Pare Mountains and Tanga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9B9FAF5",null,null,"Wambugu, 5,500 ft., Kenya.","Descriptions of fifteen new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35635#page/488/mode/1up","Uraeginthus bengalus brunneigularis"],["29580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus bengalus ugogensis","Reichenow, 1911","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 5 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kenya (Mara) and Tanzania (from Serengeti and Mount Kilimanjaro southward to Rukwa, Usanga Flats, and Iringa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9F67C31",null,null,"Ugogo, Tanganyika; type from Mdaburo, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 804.","Die ornithologischen Sammlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Kamerun-Expedition 1908 und 1909. Mit einer Übersicht aller bis jetzt aus Kamerun bekannten Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44276#page/246/mode/1up","[Uraeginthus bengalus] ugogensis"],["29581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Uraeginthus bengalus katangae","Vincent, 1934","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 54 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (southern Kasai and Katanga), northeastern Angola, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41CA1444",null,null,"Elizabethville, Congo.","Descriptions of two new subspecies from Katanga Province of the Belgian Congo and of a new Warbler from Cholo Mountain, southern Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125287#page/214/mode/1up","Uraeginthus bengalus katangae"],["29582","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pyrenestes","Swainson, 1836","On the natural history and classification of birds 1 p.viii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pirenestes sanguineus [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133841#page/16/mode/1up","Pyrenestes"],["29583","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pyrenestes minor","Shelley, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.21 p.20","Lesser Seedcracker","Lesser Seedcracker","Lesser Seedcracker",null,null,"foothill to submontane forest edge, secondary growth, rank streamside grass, reedbeds, and bracken briar, from southern Tanzania and Malawi southward to central Mozambique and adjacent eastern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719389","lessee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessee1","avibase-A24ED820",null,null,"Zomba, Nyasaland.","Second List of Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., in Nyasaland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/52/mode/1up","Pyrenestes minor"],["29584","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pyrenestes ostrinus","(Vieillot, 1805)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.79 pl.XLVIII","Black-bellied Seedcracker","Black-bellied Seedcracker","Black-bellied Seedcracker",null,null,"lowland to foothill streamside gallery forest, forest edge, riparian scrub, and palm savanna, from eastern Ivory Coast and Ghana eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and far western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719384","blbsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbsee1","avibase-2CC91390",null,null,"India and Africa ; restricted to southern Gabon coast by Chapin, 1924, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 49, p. 439.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/191/mode/1up","Loxia ostrina"],["29585","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pyrenestes sanguineus","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.156","Crimson Seedcracker","Crimson Seedcracker","Crimson Seedcracker",null,null,"lowland swamp-forest, tidal creek, brushy riparian along streams, and wet sedge in open forest, from Senegambia eastward to central Ivory Coast",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719379","crisee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crisee1","avibase-E617A8C3",null,null,"West Africa ; type, in Cambridge Museum, marked Senegal by Swainson.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/174/mode/1up","Pirenestes sanguineus"],["29586","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.164",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Spermophaga cyanorynchus [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy = Loxia haematina Vieillot, 1805",null,"The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/184/mode/1up","Spermophaga"],["29587","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga poliogenys","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.32","Grant's Bluebill","Grant's Bluebill","Grant's Bluebill",null,null,"lowland to foothill primary forest, old secondary forest, dense understory, and swamp-forest, from southeastern Cameroon and northern Republic of the Congo eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent western Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719394","grablu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grablu1","avibase-AEAD40DD",null,null,"20 miles north of Beni, Semliki Valley.","On three new species from Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/456/mode/1up","Spermospiza poliogenys"],["29588","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga ruficapilla","(Shelley, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.1 p.30","Red-headed Bluebill","Red-headed Bluebill","Red-headed Bluebill",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane forest undergrowth, streams and thickets, from eastern Central African Republic and southern South Sudan southward through northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, to Burundi, and eastward to central Kenya and to the Usambara Mountains (northwestern Tanzania), and to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719403","rehblu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehblu1","avibase-46A1FC77",null,null,"Bellima, upper Uele district.","On a Collection of Birds made by Emin Pasha in Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/64/mode/1up","Spermospiza ruficapilla"],["29589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga ruficapilla ruficapilla","(Shelley, 1888)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Angola to southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A90E984B",null,null,"Bellima, upper Uele district.","On a Collection of Birds made by Emin Pasha in Equatorial Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/64/mode/1up","Spermospiza ruficapilla"],["29590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga ruficapilla cana","(Friedmann, 1927)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BB1DA1E",null,null,"Amani, Usambara district, Tanganyika [Tanzania]","New Birds from Tanganyika Territory.",null,"Spermospiza ruficapilla cana"],["29591","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga haematina","(Vieillot, 1807)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.102 pl.LXVII","Western Bluebill","Western Bluebill","Western Bluebill",null,null,"lowland undergrowth in Upper Guinea rainforest, coastal palm forest, and thickets, from Senegambia eastward through southern Nigeria to western Central African Republic, and southward to Republic of the Congo, Cabinda (northeastern Angola), and to western, northeastern, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719398","wesblu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesblu1","avibase-3817DA4A",null,null,"Africa ; restricted to Gold Coast by Neumann, 1910, Journ. f. Ornith., 58, p. 523.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/250/mode/1up","Loxia haematina"],["29592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga haematina haematina","(Vieillot, 1807)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.102 pl.LXVII",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to southern Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ghana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E28FA735",null,null,"Africa ; restricted to Gold Coast by Neumann, 1910, Journ. f. Ornith., 58, p. 523.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/250/mode/1up","Loxia haematina"],["29593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga haematina togoensis","(Neumann, 1910)","Journal für Ornithologie 58, no.3 p.523-524",null,null,null,null,null,"Togo to southwestern Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0CF3401",null,null,"Misahohe, Togo.","Revision der Genera Spermospiza und Pyrenestes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43496#page/555/mode/1up","Spermospiza haematina togoensis"],["29594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Spermophaga haematina pustulata","(Voigt, 1831)","Das Thierreich, geordnet nach seiner Organisation p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB28AF83",null,null,"Congo; restricted to Malimbe, Cabinda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88921#page/637/mode/1up","Fringilla pustulata"],["29595","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.203",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pytilia phoenicoptera [Swainson, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,"The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/237/mode/1up","Pytilia"],["29596","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180","Green-winged Pytilia","Green-winged Pytilia","Green-winged Pytilia",null,null,"patchy in lowland and foothill acacia thornscrub, thickets, and lightly-wooded savanna from southwest Mauritania and Senegal eastward to northeastern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia, and southward (but avoiding Upper Guinea and Congolian rainforest), to western, eastern, and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Tanzania, thence southward to northern and eastern South Africa, and Lesotho and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719344","grwpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grwpyt1","avibase-01A3BE3C",null,null,"China [= Angola, see Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Ornith., 64, p. 31] ; restricted to Luanda by Clancey, 1962, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 82, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla Melba"],["29597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba citerior","Strickland, 1853","Contributions to ornithology no.7 p.151,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania southward to Guinea-Bissau, eastward to southern Sudan, western South Sudan, and northwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F78BCC1",null,null,"Abyssinia, Kordofan and Senegal","List of a collection of Birds procured by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/201/mode/1up","Pytelia citerior"],["29598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba jessei","Shelley, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Sudan to Eritrea and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C86EE208",null,null,"Anseba Valley, Eritrea.","Notes on African Ploceidae and Alaudidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/452/mode/1up","Pytelia melba jessei"],["29599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba soudanensis","(Sharpe, 1890)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.298-299",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, northern and eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B38B6781",null,null,"northeastern Africa ; restricted to Mongalla by Wolters, 1963, Journ. f. Ornith., 104, p. 186",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/318/mode/1up","Zonogastris soudanensis"],["29600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba percivali","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southwestern Kenya to northern and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01E60CDA",null,null,"Loita, Kenya.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Uganda and British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/324/mode/1up","Pytelia percivali"],["29601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba belli","Ogilvie-Grant, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9130027F",null,null,"southeastern Ruwenzori ; type from Mokia, Toro district, Uganda, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 788.","Description of five new species of birds procured by the Ruwenzori Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/40/mode/1up","Pytelia belli"],["29602","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba grotei","Reichenow, 1919","Journal für Ornithologie 67, no.2 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, and Zanzibar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-330A936C",null,null,"coastal region of German South-East Africa ; type from Kionga, near mouth of Rovuma River, Mozambique, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 787.","Neu benannter Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43517#page/241/mode/1up","Pytilia melba grotei"],["29603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba hygrophila","Irwin & Benson, 1967","Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 3, no.8 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Zambia and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003D8BF1",null,null,"Bulaya, Mweru Marsh, Zambia, lat. 8° 33' S., long. 29° 5r E.","Notes on the birds of Zambia.",null,"Pytilia melba hygrophila"],["29604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia melba melba","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Tanzania, western Malawi, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D167023A",null,null,"China [= Angola, see Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Ornith., 64, p. 31] ; restricted to Luanda by Clancey, 1962, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 82, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla Melba"],["29605","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia lineata","Heuglin, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.61 p.17","Red-billed Pytilia","Red-billed Pytilia","Red-billed Pytilia",null,null,"lowland to foothill open woodland, wooded grassland, and brushy scrub, in western and central Ethiopia, old record from southeastern South Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103813138","rebpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebpyt1","avibase-2F790B56",null,null,"Dembea, Abyssinia.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's (Siehe Juli-Heft 1862, S. 285 u. ff.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/29/mode/1up","Pytelia lineata"],["29606","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia afra","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.905","Orange-winged Pytilia","Orange-winged Pytilia","Orange-winged Pytilia",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill open woodland, brushy scrub and thickets, tall grass savanna, and cultivation, from southern Republic of the Congo southward to Angola, and from Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda southward to Botswana and northeastern South Africa; post-breeding nomadic wandering in arid habitats",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719340","orwpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orwpyt1","avibase-6A1ED1C2",null,null,"Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/406/mode/1up","Fringilla afra"],["29607","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia hypogrammica","Sharpe, 1870","Ibis ser.2, vol.6, no.21 p.56","Yellow-winged Pytilia","Yellow-winged Pytilia","Yellow-winged Pytilia",null,null,"lowland to foothill woodland, brushy grassland, farmbush, riparian forest, and coastal thickets, from western Guinea eastward to southern Chad and Central African Republic, and southward to coastal Ghana and Togo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719349","refpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refpyt1","avibase-1AAAEAFD",null,null,"Fantee, Gold Coast.","On a Fourth Collection of Birds from the Fantee Country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54796#page/78/mode/1up","Pytelia hypogrammica"],["29608","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia phoenicoptera","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.203, pl.16","Red-winged Pytilia","Red-winged Pytilia","Red-winged Pytilia",null,null,"lowland dry woodland, thickets, and villages from Senegambia eastward through southern Mali, northern Cameroon, and Central Africa Republic, to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103813118","rewpyt1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewpyt1","avibase-C7891867",null,null,"West Africa = Gambia, see Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Ornith. Westafrika, p. 145.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/237/mode/1up","Pytilia phoenicoptera"],["29609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia phoenicoptera phoenicoptera","Swainson, 1837","The Naturalist's Library Ornithology, Vol.VII p.203, pl.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia to Burkina Faso, northern Nigeria, and Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2E35AE7",null,null,"West Africa = Gambia, see Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Ornith. Westafrika, p. 145.","The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/57924#page/237/mode/1up","Pytilia phoenicoptera"],["29610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Pytilia phoenicoptera emini","Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.3 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBDEBC78",null,null,"Lado [=Lado Enclave, Central Equatoria, South Sudan]","List of a collection of birds made at Gambaga, in the Gold Coast Hinterland, by Capt. W. Giffard.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/461/mode/1up","Pytelia phoenicoptera emini"],["29611","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Hypargos","Reichenbach, 1862","Die Singvögel als Fortsetzung der vollständingsten Naturgeschichte und zugleich als Central-Atlas für zoologische Garten und für Thierfreunde pt.1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Amadina verreauxii [Des Murs]; type by monotypy = Spermophaga margaritata Strickland, 1844  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48259#page/43/mode/1up","Hypargos"],["29612","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Hypargos margaritatus","(Strickland, 1844)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13 p.418 pl.10","Pink-throated Twinspot","Pink-throated Twinspot","Pink-throated Twinspot",null,null,"patchy in lowland dry woodland with dense thickets, sand forest, palm scrub, and dense thornscrub, in northeastern South Africa, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719416","pittwi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pittwi1","avibase-7970DC5F",null,null,"Madagascar [= Coguno, Inhambane district, Mozambique, see W. L. Sclater, 1911, Ibis, p. 230].","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/456/mode/1up","Spermophaga margaritata"],["29613","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Hypargos niveoguttatus","(Peters, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.133","Red-throated Twinspot","Red-throated Twinspot","Red-throated Twinspot",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill thickets, long grass, and riparian forest, from Rwanda and Burundi to central Kenya and southern Somalia southward to northeastern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Mozambique, thence southward to northeastern Botswana, eastern Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719411","pettwi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pettwi1","avibase-50490520",null,null,"Inhambane, Mozambique.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/145/mode/1up","Spermophaga niveoguttata"],["29614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Hypargos niveoguttatus macrospilotus","Mearns, 1913","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 61, no.14 p.2-3",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2D8951F",null,null,"Meru Forest, Kenya Colony.","Descriptions of five new African Weaver-birds of the genera Othyphantes, Hypargos, Aidemosyne and Lagonosticta.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95207#page/344/mode/1up","Hypargos niveoguttatus macrospilotus"],["29615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Hypargos niveoguttatus niveoguttatus","(Peters, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.92 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-347E0200",null,null,"Inhambane, Mozambique.","Vorläufige Mittheilung über einige neue Vogelarten aus Mossambique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/145/mode/1up","Spermophaga niveoguttata"],["29616","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euschistospiza","Wolters, 1943","Zoologischer Anzeiger 143 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Lagonosticta cinereovinacea [de Sousa, 1889]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Euschistospiza"],["29617","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euschistospiza dybowskii","(Oustalet, 1892)","Le Naturaliste (2), 6 p.231","Dybowski's Twinspot","Dybowski's Twinspot","Dybowski's Twinspot",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to foothill wooded grassland, thickets around granite hills, and weedy cultivation, from southeastern Senegal and southern Mali southward to Liberia and western Ivory Coast, and from central Nigeria eastward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern South Sudan, and northwestern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719420","dybtwi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dybtwi1","avibase-76B35118",null,null,"upper Kemo River, Oubangi-Chari.","Notice sur quelques espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillies par M. J. Dybowski dans le cours de son expédition à travers la région de l'Oubangui (Suite et fin.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131762#page/229/mode/1up","Lagonosticta Dybowskii"],["29618","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euschistospiza cinereovinacea","(Sousa, 1889)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (2), 1 p.49","Dusky Twinspot","Dusky Twinspot","Dusky Twinspot",null,null,"two disjunct ranges in miombo thickets and long grass in montane forest, in highlands of western Angola, and in the Albertine Rift from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719424","dustwi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dustwi1","avibase-F729393B",null,null,"Quindumbo, Angola highlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23044#page/59/mode/1up","Lagonosticta cinereo-vinacea"],["29619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euschistospiza cinereovinacea cinereovinacea","(Sousa, 1889)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (2), 1 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western and central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF8D0E79",null,null,"Quindumbo, Angola highlands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23044#page/59/mode/1up","Lagonosticta cinereo-vinacea"],["29620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Euschistospiza cinereovinacea graueri","(Rothschild, 1909)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F85BFBB",null,null,"highland northwest of Baraka, 1,900 m.. Lake Tanganyika.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Weaver-Finch from near Lake Tanganyika and a new subspecies of Wryneck from N. Algeria.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/474/mode/1up","Lagonosticta graueri"],["29621","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Clytospiza","Shelley, 1896","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pytelia monteiri [Hartlaub, 1860]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Clytospiza"],["29622","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Clytospiza monteiri","(Hartlaub, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.111 pl.161","Brown Twinspot","Brown Twinspot","Brown Twinspot",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill shrubby grassland, thickets, and fallow cultivation, from southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon eastward to southern South Sudan, Uganda, and far western Kenya, and southward to northern Angola and south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719407","brotwi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brotwi1","avibase-BD7558AD",null,null,"Bembe, Congo district, Angola.","On some Birds collected in Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/155/mode/1up","Pytelia monteiri"],["29623","genus","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla rubricata [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 76).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/187/mode/1up","Lagonosticta"],["29624","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta senegala","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.320","Red-billed Firefinch","Red-billed Firefinch","Red-billed Firefinch",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to montane savanna, grassland, and thornscrub, from Mauritania and Senegal eastward to central Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and western Somalia, southward locally to Angola and northern Namibia (but avoiding Congolian rainforest), and through east Africa, Zambia, and Mozambique to southern Botswana and central and eastern South Africa; introduced in Algeria",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719440","rebfir2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebfir2","avibase-B4A4E4BF",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/324/mode/1up","Fringilla Senegala"],["29625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta senegala senegala","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabo Verde, Senegal and Mali to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527AEA38",null,null,"Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/324/mode/1up","Fringilla Senegala"],["29626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta senegala rhodopsis","(Heuglin, 1863)","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.63 p.166-167",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mali to western Sudan, northern and western South Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7FF476C",null,null,"Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Beobachtungen vom Bahr el abiad und Bahr el ghasál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/178/mode/1up","Estrelda rhodopsis"],["29627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta senegala brunneiceps","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.277-278",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B40FD54",null,null,"no locality; type from Maragaz, Eritrea, fide Shelley, 1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 258.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/297/mode/1up","Lagonosticta brunneiceps"],["29628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta senegala somaliensis","Salvadori, 1894","Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 40 p.557",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D34050DC",null,null,"Somali.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/139436#page/617/mode/1up","Lagonosticta somaliensis"],["29629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta senegala ruberrima","Reichenow, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, northeastern Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northeastern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-211A844D",null,null,"Victoria Nyanza; type from Bukoba, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 792.","Neue afrikanische Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/42/mode/1up","Lagonosticta brunneiceps ruberrima"],["29630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta senegala rendalli","Hartert, 1898","Novitates Zoologicae 5, no.1 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to southern Tanzania, KwaZulu-Natal, and north-central Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2CCA8F5",null,null,"upper Shiré River, British Central Africa (=Malawi)","List of an ornithological collection made by Dr. Percy Rendall on the Upper Shiré River, near Fort Johnston, and on the shores of the southern parts of Lake Nyassa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22556#page/88/mode/1up","Lagonosticta senegala rendalli"],["29631","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta nitidula","Hartlaub, 1886","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 4 p.145 pl.4 fig.2","Brown Firefinch","Brown Firefinch","Brown Firefinch",null,null,"lowland to submontane reed and papyrus swamps, riverine thickets, riparian woodland and adjacent thornscrub,from northern Angola eastward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Tanzania, and southward to northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, and far northwestern Zimbabwe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719434","brnfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brnfir1","avibase-995975D1",null,null,"near Lake Tanganyika [= Mpala, see Chapin, 1954. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, 75B, p. 531.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34998#page/149/mode/1up","Lagonosticta nitidula"],["29632","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rufopicta","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.27","Bar-breasted Firefinch","Bar-breasted Firefinch","Bar-breasted Firefinch",null,null,"lowland acacia savanna, grassland, and marshes, from Senegambia eastward through northern Cameroon and Central African Republic to western Ethiopia, southward through South Sudan to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719428","babfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babfir1","avibase-43FE4788",null,null,"Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Bat, belonging to the genus Rhinolophus, and four new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/395/mode/1up","Estrilda rufopicta"],["29633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rufopicta rufopicta","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Nigeria, northern Cameroon, and Ubangi-Chari",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-654D1BF9",null,null,"Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Bat, belonging to the genus Rhinolophus, and four new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/395/mode/1up","Estrilda rufopicta"],["29634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rufopicta lateritia","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.251-252",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, western Ethiopia, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D5F62D9",null,null,"Bongo, between Djur and Kosanga Rivers, Sudan.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/263/mode/1up","Lagonosticta (Estrelda) lateritia"],["29635","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rara","(Antinori, 1864)","Catalogo descrittivo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nell'interno dell'Affrica centrale nord dal maggio 1859 al luglio 1861 p.72","Black-bellied Firefinch","Black-bellied Firefinch","Black-bellied Firefinch",null,null,"lowland savanna, riparian areas, and farmbush, from southeast Senegal and Guinea eastward through Nigeria and Central African Republic to southern South Sudan, and southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and adjacent northwestern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719444","blbfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbfir1","avibase-27012CC9",null,null,"between White Nile and Bahr el Ghazal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103632#page/108/mode/1up","Habropyga rara"],["29636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rara forbesi","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F1E92AD",null,null,"Lokoja, Niger River, Nigeria.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/84/mode/1up","Lagonosticta rara forbesi"],["29637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rara rara","(Antinori, 1864)","Catalogo descrittivo di una collezione di uccelli fatta nell'interno dell'Affrica centrale nord dal maggio 1859 al luglio 1861 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon to South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1C8BE04",null,null,"between White Nile and Bahr el Ghazal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103632#page/108/mode/1up","Habropyga rara"],["29638","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta larvata","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.97 pl.36 fig.1","Black-faced Firefinch","Black-faced Firefinch",null,"2025-0556","Taxa <em>vinacea </em>(monotypic) and <em>nigricollis </em>(monotypic) are treated as subspecies of <em>Lagonosticta larvata</em> pending further research. Sometimes split into three species based on plumage, but bioacoustic and genetic data are lacking, and intermediates have been reported (Payne 2004).","lowland savanna across the Sahel from Senegambia eastward to northern Nigeria, Central African Republic, and southwest Sudan to western Ethiopia, southward through South Sudan to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Uganda",null,null,null,"bkffir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkffir1","avibase-88C74BEE",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/177/mode/1up","Amadina larvata"],["29639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta larvata larvata","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.97 pl.36 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan, eastern South Sudan, and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-868766DD",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/177/mode/1up","Amadina larvata"],["29640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta larvata vinacea","(Hartlaub, 1857)","System der Ornithologie Westafrica's p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Guinea and western Mali",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93287BF3",null,null,"Casamance, Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186138#page/217/mode/1up","Estrelda vinacea"],["29641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta larvata nigricollis","Heuglin, 1863","Journal für Ornithologie 11, no.64 p.273-274",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Mali eastward to southwestern Sudan, western and southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42CBC191",null,null,"Djur-Neger [=Djur River], Bahr el Ghazal.","Ornithologische Beobachtungen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/285/mode/1up","Lagonosticta nigricollis"],["29642","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rubricata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.27","African Firefinch","African Firefinch","African Firefinch","2025-0555","Taxon <em>landanae </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Lagonosticta rubricata</em> (polytypic), as it is only known to differ in bill color and size (Payne 2004).","widespread but disjunct sub-Saharan range in lowland to montane grassland, bracken briar, and forest edge, from Senegal to Eritrea and eastern Ethiopia, southward to Gabon and Angola (avoiding Congolian rainforest and most of southwestern Africa), and through east Africa to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mozambique, and thence southward to eastern and southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731403","afffin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afffin","avibase-A6034D7F",null,null,"terra Caffrorum ; restricted to Uitenhage, Cape Province, fide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., new ser. (in quarto), 1, p. 81.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/47/mode/1up","F[ringilla] rubricata"],["29643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rubricata polionota","Shelley, 1873","Ibis ser.3, vol.3, no.10 p.141-142",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Nigeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6750DF99",null,null,"Cape-Coast Castle.","Descriptions of six new Species of West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55640#page/163/mode/1up","Lagonosticta polionota"],["29644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rubricata congica","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.280, pl. X1, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon southward to northern Angola, eastward to South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F811C7B",null,null,"Kassongo, Upper Congo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/300/mode/1up","Lagonosticta congica"],["29645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rubricata haematocephala","Neumann, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.168",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan, Eritrea and Ethiopia southward through Uganda and Kenya to Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, Malawi, and central Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B682D17",null,null,"Songea, Tanganyika.","Neue afrikanische Webefinken.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/186/mode/1up","Lagonosticta rubricata haematocephala"],["29646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rubricata rubricata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa, Eswatini, and Mozambique south of Save River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-109082ED",null,null,"terra Caffrorum ; restricted to Uitenhage, Cape Province, fide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., new ser. (in quarto), 1, p. 81.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/47/mode/1up","F[ringilla] rubricata"],["29647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rubricata landanae","Sharpe, 1890","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 13 p.283 pl.12 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Cabinda and lower Congo River to northwestern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1898D74",null,null,"Landana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34364#page/303/mode/1up","Lagonosticta landanae"],["29648","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta virata","Bates, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.7","Mali Firefinch","Mali Firefinch","Mali Firefinch",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill brushy grassland, acacia thickets, and rocky hillsides, in southeastern Senegal and southern Mali",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22719461","malfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malfir1","avibase-8AC4DC43",null,null,"Kulikoro, French Sudan.","Account of a journey made to the French Niger and French Sudan in 1931-32.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/45/mode/1up","Lagonosticta rubricata virata"],["29649","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rhodopareia","(Heuglin, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.91 p.16","Jameson's Firefinch","Jameson's Firefinch","Jameson's Firefinch",null,null,"lowland arid acacia scrub, riparian areas, and rocky hills, from western Ethiopia and southern South Sudan southward through northeastern Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola, northeastern Namibia, and Mozambique, and southward to southeastern Botswana, northern and eastern South Africa, southward to KwaZulu-Natal), plus Lesotho and Eswatini (but absent in southwestern Africa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812687","jamfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamfir1","avibase-871F32D9",null,null,"Keren, Bogosland [Eritrea] .","Synopsis der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrikas, des Nilquellengebietes un der Küstenländer des Rothen Meeres. (Fortsetzung ; s. November-Heft 1867, S. 361 u. ff. - Hierzu Taf. I, nach dem Originalbilde vom Verfasser.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/28/mode/1up","E[strelda] rhodopareia"],["29650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rhodopareia rhodopareia","(Heuglin, 1868)","Journal für Ornithologie 16, no.91 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, northeastern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F58EAD8F",null,null,"Keren, Bogosland [Eritrea] .","Synopsis der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrikas, des Nilquellengebietes un der Küstenländer des Rothen Meeres. (Fortsetzung ; s. November-Heft 1867, S. 361 u. ff. - Hierzu Taf. I, nach dem Originalbilde vom Verfasser.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103094#page/28/mode/1up","E[strelda] rhodopareia"],["29651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rhodopareia jamesoni","Shelley, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.23 p.355-356",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFDDFA34",null,null,"Umvuli River and Tatin River, Matabeleland ; type from Tatin River, fide Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 283.","On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. J. S. Jameson in South-eastern Africa, with Notes by Mr. T. Ayres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/405/mode/1up","Lagonosticta jamesoni"],["29652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta rhodopareia ansorgei","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, lower Democratic Republic of the Congo (Matadi), and northern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE555488",null,null,"Kabisombo River, near Quilengues, Benguella district, Angola.","Exhibition of new species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/84/mode/1up","Lagonosticta rhodopareia ansorgei"],["29653","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis","Reichenow, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.82","Chad Firefinch","Chad Firefinch","Chad Firefinch",null,null,"patchy in foothill brushy grassland, riparian scrub, and thickets near rocky hillsides and inselbergs, in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812699","reifir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reifir1","avibase-D2EDC42A",null,null,"Upper Benue River, Adamawa. [Possibly = polionota; type is an immature.]","Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis Rchw. n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/96/mode/1up","Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis"],["29654","species","Passeriformes","Estrildidae","Munias, Parrotfinches, Waxbills, and allies","Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis","Payne, 1998","Ibis vol.140 p.370 pl.1","Rock Firefinch","Rock Firefinch","Rock Firefinch",null,null,"patchy in foothill arid bushy savanna, gallery forest, and thicket near rocky hillsides and inselbergs, in northern Nigeria and northwestern Cameroon",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728552","rocfir1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocfir1","avibase-25D648E7",null,null,"Taboru Hill, 9\"53'N, 8\"59'E, 10 km east of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, at 1280 m (4200 feet)","A new species of firefinch Lagonosticta from northern Nigeria and its association with the Jos Plateau Indigobird Vidua maryae.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04598.x","Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis"],["29655","family","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunellidae",null,null,"Accentors","Accentors","Accentors",null,null,null,null,null,null,"prunel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prunel1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["29656","genus","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.43",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla modularis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Motacilla modularis Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f49.item","Prunella"],["29657","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella himalayana","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.122 p.187","Altai Accentor","Altai Accentor","Altai Accentor",null,null,"mountains of central Asia to Afghanistan, southern Tibet, and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718620","himacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himacc1","avibase-EB8501AD",null,null,"Himalaya range.","Notes on various Indian and Malayan Birds, with Descriptions of some presumed new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/221/mode/1up","Accentor Himalayanus?"],["29658","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.131","Alpine Accentor","Alpine Accentor","Alpine Accentor",null,null,"patchy but widespread in Eurasia from lowland to alpine montane cliffs, rocky island sea-cliffs, scree, and alpine meadow above tree-line and up to snow-line, from southwestern Europe eastward through Alps, Caucasus, Himalayas, and Tibet, to Ussuriland (Russia), North Korea, and Japan, and southward to Morocco, southern Iran, and Taiwan; local altitudinal migrant and wanderer to Spain, Levant, Arabian peninsula, and eastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718617","alpacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alpacc1","avibase-A783468F",null,null,"Carinthia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/135/mode/1up","Sturnus collaris"],["29659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris collaris","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa; mountains of western and central Europe, southward to Italy, Slovenia, and northeastern Serbia and eastward to the Carpathian Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC14C759",null,null,"Carinthia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/135/mode/1up","Sturnus collaris"],["29660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris subalpina","(Brehm, 1831)","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.1009",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Europe to Crete and western Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C11CF1B4",null,null,"Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/1041/mode/1up","Accentor subalpinus"],["29661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris montana","(Hablizl, 1783)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 3 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus Mountains to northern Iraq and southern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8127C23",null,null,"Gilan, northern Iran.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102975#page/62/mode/1up","Sturnus montanus"],["29662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris rufilata","(Severtsov, 1879)","Zapiski Turkestanskogo Otdela Obshchestva Lyubiteley Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii  1, fasc. 1 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Tajikistan to northern Afghanistan, western China (western Xinjiang), and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72D2EEEE",null,null,"Turkestan [reference not verified].","Novye vidy turkestanskikh ptits",null,"Accentor rufilatus"],["29663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris whymperi","(Stuart Baker, 1915)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir to Garhwal and Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A75448E3",null,null,"Garhwal.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies from Garhwal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/91/mode/1up","Laiscopus collaris whymperi"],["29664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris nipalensis","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.958-959",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Himalayas to southwestern China (eastern Xinjiang to northern Yunnan) and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-769F16EA",null,null,"Kachar region of Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/474/mode/1up","A[ccentor] Nipalensis"],["29665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris tibetana","(Bianchi, 1904)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 9 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern China (northern Xinjiang, southern Qinghai, and Gansu) to eastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2270B044",null,null,"eastern Tibet.","Révision des genres et des espèces de la famille Accentoridae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37023#page/288/mode/1up","Ac[centor] collaris tibetanus"],["29666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris erythropygia","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.124, pl. IX",null,null,null,null,null,"Altai Mountains to northern China, Sea of Okhotsk, Korean Peninsula, and Japan (northern and central Honshu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37868B2E",null,null,"Kemeih, Prefecture of Seuenhwafoo.","On a New Species of Accentor from North China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/162/mode/1up","Accentor erythropygius"],["29667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella collaris fennelli","Deignan, 1964","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 84, no.2 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A6F2031",null,null,"6400 ft. n the East-West Hwy at a point 20 mi. E of Wu-Sheh, Nan-tou Hsien, Formosa","A new race of the Alpine Accentor, Prunella collaris, from Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126839#page/66/mode/1up","Prunella collaris fennelli"],["29668","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella immaculata","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.34","Maroon-backed Accentor","Maroon-backed Accentor","Maroon-backed Accentor",null,null,"Nepal to southeastern Tibet and southwestern China; winters to northeastern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718659","mabacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mabacc1","avibase-D47C1AA7",null,null,"central and northern regions of the hills, Nepal.","On Nepalese Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/248/mode/1up","Acc[entor] immaculatus"],["29669","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella rubeculoides","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.361","Robin Accentor","Robin Accentor","Robin Accentor",null,null,"willow scrub, tussock grasses, and boggy areas in lake and stream edges in Himalayas from eastern Gilgit and Baltistan (northeastern Pakistan) eastward to Bhutan, and southwestern and southern and southeastern Xizang eastward to northeastern Qinghai, northern Gansu, and western Sichuan (central China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718624","robacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robacc1","avibase-0158561B",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/397/mode/1up","Accentor rubeculoides"],["29670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella rubeculoides muraria","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Himalayas of northern Pakistan to Uttarakhand and southwestern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A45A43D",null,null,"Astor, northwestern Kashmir.","Exhibition and description of new birds from the Himalayas and Kashmir.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/137/mode/1up","Prunella rubeculoides muraria"],["29671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella rubeculoides rubeculoides","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal, Sikkim, southeastern Tibet, and mountains of western China (eastern Tibet eastward to Xinjiang, northeastern Qinghai, northern Gansu, and western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88C6A8F8",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181974#page/397/mode/1up","Accentor rubeculoides"],["29672","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella atrogularis","(Brandt, 1843)","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 2 no.9,10 col.140","Black-throated Accentor","Black-throated Accentor","Black-throated Accentor",null,null,"disjunctly in montane to subalpine coniferous and deciduous forest, juniper scrub, and dense thorn-scrub, from Ural Mountains (northwestern Russia) and southwestern Siberia and western Mongolia southward to Kyrgyzstan and northwestern China, some populations migrate to northern Kazakhstan and southward to eastern Iran, northern Pakistan, northern India, and western Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718644","bltacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltacc1","avibase-C68A31C1",null,null,"Semipalatinsk [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173042#page/296/mode/1up","Accentor atragularis"],["29673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella atrogularis atrogularis","(Brandt, 1843)","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 2 no.9,10 col.140",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Ural Mountains; winters to Afghanistan and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78EF1D78",null,null,"Semipalatinsk [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173042#page/296/mode/1up","Accentor atragularis"],["29674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella atrogularis huttoni","(Moore, 1854)","A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Honorable East-India Company 1 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Asia, from south-central Russia (Altai Mountains) and western China to Tajikistan; winters to Pakistan and northeastern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6F932F9",null,null,"ranges above Simla, Afghanistan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/175/mode/1up","Accentor huttoni"],["29675","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella ocularis","(Radde, 1884)","Ornis Caucasica. Die Vogelwelt des Kaukasus systematisch und biologisch-geographisch beschrieben p.33,244 pl.14","Radde's Accentor","Radde's Accentor","Radde's Accentor","2025-0243","Taxon <em>fagani </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Prunella ocularis</em> following Kirwan et al. (2021); plumage differences are minor and mitochondrial DNA divergence is weak (Drovetski et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2017).","breeds rocky slopes and pastures with scattered bushes and scrub in eastern Türkiye and the Caucasus southeastwards to northern Iraq and northern Iran and along the Zagros mountains to southern Iran, and disjunctly in the mountains of western Yemen; winters southward, some reaching Israel and northeastern Arabian Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/105986083","radacc2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/radacc2","avibase-1518EDFA",null,null,"Kusjurdi Mt., Talysh, Iranian border.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124781#page/61/mode/1up","Accentor ocularis"],["29676","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella ocularis ocularis","(Radde, 1884)","Ornis Caucasica. Die Vogelwelt des Kaukasus systematisch und biologisch-geographisch beschrieben p.33,244 pl.14",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Türkiye, Armenia, northern Georgia, and Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E48FE505",null,null,"Kusjurdi Mt., Talysh, Iranian border.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124781#page/61/mode/1up","Accentor ocularis"],["29677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella ocularis fagani","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds high mountains of Yemen; winters to southern Arabia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14C13A71",null,null,"Yemen.","Description and remarks on new species of birds collected by G. W. Bury in Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/116/mode/1up","Accentor fagani"],["29678","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184","Dunnock","Dunnock","Dunnock",null,null,"lowland to montane scrub, tundra, woodland with dense understory, coniferous forest, and gardens, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Ural Mountains (eastern Russia), and southward to Iberia, Balkans, Türkiye, and Caucasus; some populations migratory to northern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Middle East, and western Iran; introduced to New Zealand (including Chatham Islands and all main subantarctic islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718651","dunnoc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dunnoc1","avibase-26530C86",null,null,"'Habitat in Europa' [= Sweden, ex Faun. Svec, 1746, p. 89; vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 772].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla modularis"],["29679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis hebridium","Meinertzhagen, 1934","Ibis ser.13, vol.4, no.1 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Ireland, Outer and Inner Hebrides, and western Scotland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE8D5273",null,null,"South Uist, Outer Hebrides.","The Relation between Plumage and Environment with Special Reference to the Outer Hebrides.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1934.tb01542.x","Prunella modularis hebridium"],["29680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis occidentalis","(Hartert, 1910)","British Birds 3 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Scotland, England, Wales, and western France; probably this race introduced to New Zealand including Chatham Islands and all main subantarctic islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-826CD93A",null,null,"Tring.","Two races peculiar to the British Isles. I. Accentor modularis occidentalis subsp. n. II. Pratincola torquata hibernans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87518#page/389/mode/1up","Accentor modularis occidentalis"],["29681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis modularis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Europe, western and central Balkans, and Bulgaria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48045BA0",null,null,"'Habitat in Europa' [= Sweden, ex Faun. Svec, 1746, p. 89; vide Hartert, 1910, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 772].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla modularis"],["29682","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis fuscata","Mauersberger, 1971","Journal für Ornithologie 112, no.4 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Crimean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-734118B1",null,null,"Ai - Petri, Crimea","Über die östlichen Formen von Prunella modularis (L.).","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01640577","Prunella modularis fuscata"],["29683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis euxina","Watson, 1961","Postilla 52 p.9-11",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Türkiye to western Caucasus Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC18E3AF",null,null,"Ulu Dag [= Asiatic Mount Olympus], Bursa, northwest Turkey.","Aegean bird notes. I. Descriptions of new subspecies from Turkey.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43781#page/13/mode/1up","Prunella modularis euxina"],["29684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis mabbotti","Harper, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern France to Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula, and Apennine Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C410380",null,null,"three kilometers south of Saillagouse, Dept. of Pyrénées-Orientales, France.","A new subspecies of Prunella modularis from the Pyrenees.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/279/mode/1up","Prunella modularis mabbotti"],["29685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella modularis obscura","(Hablizl, 1783)","Neue Nordische Beyträge 22 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus and eastern Türkiye to northern Iran; winters to mountains of Lebanon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1DAAEE9",null,null,"Gilan.","Drei neue iberische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102975#page/65/mode/1up","Motacilla obscura"],["29686","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella rubida","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.69, pl.32","Japanese Accentor","Japanese Accentor","Japanese Accentor",null,null,"thickets, understory of pine, birch, and mixed-deciduous forest; also riverine scrub and thickets in winter, from southern Sakhalin and Kuril Islands (eastern Russia) southwards in mountains of Japan from Hokkaido to Shikoku in southern Japan; winters at lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718656","japacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japacc1","avibase-18D3C762",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/79/mode/1up","Accentor modularis rubidus"],["29687","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella montanella","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695","Siberian Accentor","Siberian Accentor","Siberian Accentor",null,null,"foothill to montane boreal woodland, northern limits of coniferous and deciduous forest, dense willow or spruce taiga, and tree-line scrub, from western Siberia eastward through subarctic and boreal zones to northeastern Siberia, and southward to northern Mongolia; migrates to north-central and northeastern China, and Korean peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718630","sibacc","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibacc","avibase-D3220040",null,null,"Dauria.",null,null,"Motacilla montanella"],["29688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella montanella montanella","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Ural Mountains to Altai, Lake Baikal, and Sikhote Alin Mountains; winters in north-central and northeastern China and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC2CBB04",null,null,"Dauria.",null,null,"Motacilla montanella"],["29689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella montanella badia","Portenko, 1929","Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences de l'Union des Républiques Soviétiques Socialistes 9 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia (lower Lena River to Sea of Okhotsk); winters in north-central and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF50706D",null,null,"Chukchi, North Siberia.","Die geographischen Formen der schwarzkehligen und sibirischen Braunelle, Prunella atrogularis und P. montanella.",null,"Prunella montanella badia"],["29690","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella strophiata","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.959","Rufous-breasted Accentor","Rufous-breasted Accentor","Rufous-breasted Accentor",null,null,"montane to alpine meadow, birch or oak woodland, pine forest, rhododendron scrub, and juniper or willow scrub, from eastern Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to Tibet and central China, and southward to northern Myanmar; downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718627","rubacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubacc1","avibase-68193296",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/475/mode/1up","A[ccentor] strophiatus"],["29691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella strophiata jerdoni","(Brooks, 1872)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, pt.2, no.4 p.327-328",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Afghanistan to northern India (Kashmir and Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9ACFC07",null,null,"Dharmsala and Kashmir; restricted to Kashmir by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 95.","On two undescribed Cashmir Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114229#page/337/mode/1up","Accentor Jerdoni"],["29692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella strophiata strophiata","(Blyth, 1843)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.959",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of Nepal to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8DA4345",null,null,"Nepal.","Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/475/mode/1up","A[ccentor] strophiatus"],["29693","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella koslowi","(Przevalski, 1887)","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 55 p.83","Kozlov's Accentor","Mongolian Accentor","Mongolian Accentor",null,null,"mountains of Mongolia and immediately adjacent northern China (Ningxia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718647","monacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monacc1","avibase-38790757",null,null,"Alashan.","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Accentor Koslowi"],["29694","species","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella fulvescens","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.132-133","Brown Accentor","Brown Accentor","Brown Accentor",null,null,"montane to alpine rocky slopes, and juniper scrub in high barren valleys, from eastern Kazakhstan and south-central Russia eastward to south-central Siberia and Mongolia, and southward to northeastern Afghanistan. northern India, and northern China, and disjunctly in Nepal and Tiber; some downslope dispersal in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718641","broacc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/broacc1","avibase-AEBE407C",null,null,"Turkestan [reference not verified] .","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Accentor fulvescens"],["29695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella fulvescens fulvescens","(Severtsov, 1873)","Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, Moskva 8, pt.2 p.132-133",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kazakhstan and western China (eastward to eastern Xinjiang and northeastern Tibet), southward to central Afghanistan, and western Himalayas (eastward to far northern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC11A158",null,null,"Turkestan [reference not verified] .","Vertikal Turkestan Zhivotn.","http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10080878","Accentor fulvescens"],["29696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella fulvescens dahurica","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.127 p.320-321",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kazakhstan to south-central Russia (Altai and Sayan mountains eastward to Transbaikalia) and Mongolia (except western and southwestern)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAFFCEB3",null,null,"Stary Tsuruchaitui (Argun River, Transbaicalia) .","Zweiter Nachtrag zum Bericht über die ornithologischen Untersuchungen des Dr. Dybowski in Ost-Sibirien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/332/mode/1up","Accentor dahuricus"],["29697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella fulvescens dresseri","Hartert, 1910","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.770",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (southern Xinjiang and Qaidam Basin southward to Kunlun Shan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FBE37EE",null,null,"Karakash Valley; preoccupied by A. pallidus Menzbier, 1887.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/860/mode/1up","Prunella fulvescens dresseri"],["29698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella fulvescens nanshanica","Sushkin, 1925","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (northeastern Qinghai and southwestern Gansu southward to southern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C33C4C1A",null,null,"Kwei-Te-ting (or Guidui), eastern Nan Shan, northern Kansu.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=57","Prunella fulvescens nanschanica"],["29699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Prunellidae","Accentors","Prunella fulvescens khamensis","Sushkin, 1925","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas eastward through eastern Tibet and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD5D20CA",null,null,"Re-chii River, Kham, northeastern Tibet.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=60","Prunella fulvescens khamensis"],["29700","family","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passeridae",null,null,"Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Old World Sparrows","Old World Sparrows",null,null,null,null,null,null,"passer4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/passer4/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["29701","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Hypocryptadius","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus [Hartert, E, 1903]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/493/mode/1up","Hypocryptadius"],["29702","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus","Hartert, 1903","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.13","Cinnamon Ibon","Cinnamon Ibon","Cinnamon Ibon",null,null,"cloudforest of montane Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714344","cinwhe1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinwhe1","avibase-A6E996A8",null,null,"Mt. Apo and Katanglad, Mindanao.","New birs from Mindanao.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/493/mode/1up","Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus"],["29703","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.158",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla petronia [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/186/mode/1up","Petronia"],["29704","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.322","Rock Sparrow","Rock Sparrow","Rock Sparrow",null,null,"southern Europe and north Africa eastward to northeastern China and south through Middle eastward to northern Afghanistan and central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718307","rocpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpet1","avibase-F8748F12",null,null,"Northern Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/326/mode/1up","Fringilla Petronia"],["29705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia petronia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands, Madeira, and Europe to Bulgaria and western Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9C61D17",null,null,"Northern Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/326/mode/1up","Fringilla Petronia"],["29706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia barbara","Erlanger, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.4 p.481-485, pl. XIII, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Africa (Morocco to Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA13A9EE",null,null,"Kasserine, Tunisia.","Beiträge zur Avifauna Tunesiens. (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1899 S. 374.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/491/mode/1up","Petronia petronia barbara"],["29707","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia puteicola","Festa, 1894","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 9, no.174 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Türkiye to southern Syria, northern Israel, and Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFF8A94C",null,null,"'Madaba, east of the Jordan, Palestine' [= Madeba, Jordan].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41990#page/119/mode/1up","Petronia stulta subsp. puteicola"],["29708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia exigua","(Hellmayr, 1902)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 13 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"central Türkiye to northern Caucasus, northern Iraq, and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FC17398",null,null,"Rostov on the Don.","Die Formen von Passer petronius.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209500#page/146/mode/1up","Passer petronius exiguus"],["29709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia kirhizica","Sushkin, 1925","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Volga River Valley to Turgay depression and Aral Sea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-366AA917",null,null,"Khanga-bala, northeast of the Caspian Sea, Kirghiz Steppes.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=22","Petronia petronia kirhizica"],["29710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia intermedia","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaspia to eastern Iran, northern Afghanistan, Pamirs, and western Kunlun Shan Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC8D0C11",null,null,"Gilgit, Kashmir","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. V. Kapitel. Die Fauna der Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/366/mode/1up","Petronia petronia intermedia"],["29711","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Petronia petronia brevirostris","Taczanowski, 1874","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.127 p.323-324",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to Mongolia, southwestern China (northern Sichuan), and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F5F1707",null,null,"Argun River [at Staryi Tsuruchaitui, eastern Transbaicalia].","Zweiter Nachtrag zum Bericht über die ornithologischen Untersuchungen des Dr. Dybowski in Ost-Sibirien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/335/mode/1up","Petronia brevirostris"],["29712","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla","Brehm, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 12 col.1277",null,null,null,"2025-0702","The genus <em>Montifringilla </em>is split into three genera based on multilocus genetic data (Qu et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2021), and supported by morphology: polytypic <em>Montifringilla </em>(<em>M. adamsi, M. nivalis</em> and <em>M. henrici</em>); monotypic <em>Onychostruthus </em>(<em>O. taczanowskii</em>); and polytypic <em>Pyrgilauda </em>(<em>P. davidiana, P. ruficollis, P. blanfordi</em>, and <em>P. theresae</em>). Further research needed as basal relationships remain poorly resolved (Qu et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2021), mitochondrial DNA data do not recover <em>davidiana</em> and <em>blanfordi </em>as monophyletic groups (Resano-Mayor et al. 2017; Päckert et al. 2021), and cryptic taxonomic diversity may be present (Gebauer et al. 2006; Resano-Mayor et al. 2017; Päckert et al. 2021).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla nivalis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/645/mode/1up","Montifringilla"],["29713","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla henrici","(Oustalet, 1892)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12, no.9 p.293 (in text), pl. 11","Tibetan Snowfinch","Tibetan Snowfinch","Tibetan Snowfinch",null,null,"eastern Tibetan Plateau (northeastern Tibet and Qinghai)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734959","tibsno2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibsno2","avibase-D1C47869",null,null,"'plateaux du Tibet' = Ditchi [DitiJ east of the Tengri Nor, according to Oustalet (1894 or 1895, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), ser. 3, 6, p. 25).","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/303/mode/1up","Eurhinospiza Henrici"],["29714","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla adamsi","Adams, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.377 p.482","Black-winged Snowfinch","Black-winged Snowfinch","Black-winged Snowfinch",null,null,"rocky steppe near streams and snowline in Ladakh (far northwestern India) and adjacent Tibet eastward to northeastern Qinghai and western Gansu, and southward to northern Nepal and northern Sikkim and adjacent Tibet; nomadic in winter but remains at high elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718326","blwsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwsno1","avibase-0039BCC0",null,null,"Ladak [=Ladakh, India]","Notes on the Habits, Haunts, etc. of some of the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/582/mode/1up","Montifringilla Adamsi"],["29715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla adamsi xerophila","Stegmann, 1932","Journal für Ornithologie 80, no.1 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (northwestern Nan Shan Mountains to Astin Tagh Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DDCDE8D",null,null,"Humboldt Range, Northern Nan Shan, northern Tsinghai.","Untersuchungen über palaearktische „Schneefinken“","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_80_1932_0099-0114.pdf#page=4","Montifringilla adamsi xerophila"],["29716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla adamsi adamsi","Adams, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.377 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"Ladakh to Nepal, Sikkim, southern Tibet, and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76F9E289",null,null,"Ladak [=Ladakh, India]","Notes on the Habits, Haunts, etc. of some of the Birds of India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/582/mode/1up","Montifringilla Adamsi"],["29717","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.321","White-winged Snowfinch","White-winged Snowfinch","White-winged Snowfinch",null,null,"southwestern and central Palearctic in rocky alpine barrens, meadows and buildings, from northern Spain eastward through Austria to southwestern and far south-central Russia, Xinjiang (northwestern China), and Mongolia, southward to Corsica and eastward through northern Afghanistan to southeastern Kazakhstan; mostly resident but some move to lower elevations and straggle elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819582","whwsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwsno1","avibase-3E389D03",null,null,"Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/325/mode/1up","Fringilla nivalis"],["29718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis nivalis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Europe from northern Spain (the Pyrenees) and Corsica through the Alps and Italy to Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BAC91B3",null,null,"Switzerland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/325/mode/1up","Fringilla nivalis"],["29719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis leucura","Bonaparte, 1855","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.657",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF4B2FD",null,null,"de l'Inde, de la Perse [=India and Iran]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/667/mode/1up","M[antifringilla] leucura"],["29720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis alpicola","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Caucasus to far southwestern Russia, northern Iran, Afghanistan (Hindu Kush), and western Pamirs",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D4F740",null,null,"Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/36/mode/1up","Passer alpicola"],["29721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis gaddi","Zarudny & Loudon, 1904","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 no.5&amp;6 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"Zagros Mountains (southwestern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D94E4A60",null,null,"Kuh i Dinar and Kuh i Sere, Luristan, southwestern Iran.","Über neue Arten und Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/248/mode/1up","Montifringilla alpicola gaddi"],["29722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis tianshanica","Keve-Kleiner, 1943","Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 80 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Alayskiy and Chatkal'skiy mountains to western Tian Shan Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57779C1F",null,null,"? Naryni, Tian Shan [Naryn, Kyrgyzstan].","Einige neue Vogelrassen aus Asien.",null,"Montifringilla nivalis tianshanica"],["29723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis groumgrzimaili","Zarudny & Loudon, 1904","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 no.5&amp;6 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern China (eastern Tian Shan and Altai mountains in northern Xinjiang) eastward to central Mongolia and far south-central Russia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-971D3CFA",null,null,"Bei Shan [= mountain near and south of Hami, eastern Tian Shan, Sinkiang].","Über neue Arten und Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/247/mode/1up","Montifringilla alpicola groumgrzimaili"],["29724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Montifringilla nivalis kwenlunensis","Bianchi, 1908","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 12 (1907) p.573",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southern Xinjiang: Kunlun Shan and Altun Shan ranges)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-604B4002",null,null,"western Kun Lun [= 'Tokhtakhon' = Takhqoram, south of Qarghaliq on the north side of the Raskam Range].","Révision des formes des genres Montifringilla Brehm, Pyrgilauda Verr. et Onychospiza Przew., de la famille des Fringillidae","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36241#page/745/mode/1up","M[ontifringilla] alpicola kwenlunensis"],["29725","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Onychostruthus","Richmond, 1917","The Auk 34, no.1 p.34",null,null,null,"2025-0702","The genus <em>Montifringilla </em>is split into three genera based on multilocus genetic data (Qu et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2021), and supported by morphology: polytypic <em>Montifringilla </em>(<em>M. adamsi, M. nivalis</em> and <em>M. henrici</em>); monotypic <em>Onychostruthus </em>(<em>O. taczanowskii</em>); and polytypic <em>Pyrgilauda </em>(<em>P. davidiana, P. ruficollis, P. blanfordi</em>, and <em>P. theresae</em>). Further research needed as basal relationships remain poorly resolved (Qu et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2021), mitochondrial DNA data do not recover <em>davidiana</em> and <em>blanfordi </em>as monophyletic groups (Resano-Mayor et al. 2017; Päckert et al. 2021), and cryptic taxonomic diversity may be present (Gebauer et al. 2006; Resano-Mayor et al. 2017; Päckert et al. 2021).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Onychospiza taczanowskii [Przevalski, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,"A New Name for Onychospiza Prjevalski","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol34/iss1/19/","Onychostruthus"],["29726","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Onychostruthus taczanowskii","(Przevalski, 1876)","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.81 pl.11 fig.1","White-rumped Snowfinch","White-rumped Snowfinch","White-rumped Snowfinch",null,null,"Tibet to western China (Kokonor and Nan Shan Mountains to Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718330","whrsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsno1","avibase-B0303029",null,null,"Tetunga and Kuku Nor Steppe.",null,null,"Montifringilla taczanowskii"],["29727","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.511",null,null,null,"2025-0702","The genus <em>Montifringilla </em>is split into three genera based on multilocus genetic data (Qu et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2021), and supported by morphology: polytypic <em>Montifringilla </em>(<em>M. adamsi, M. nivalis</em> and <em>M. henrici</em>); monotypic <em>Onychostruthus </em>(<em>O. taczanowskii</em>); and polytypic <em>Pyrgilauda </em>(<em>P. davidiana, P. ruficollis, P. blanfordi</em>, and <em>P. theresae</em>). Further research needed as basal relationships remain poorly resolved (Qu et al. 2006; Päckert et al. 2021), mitochondrial DNA data do not recover <em>davidiana</em> and <em>blanfordi </em>as monophyletic groups (Resano-Mayor et al. 2017; Päckert et al. 2021), and cryptic taxonomic diversity may be present (Gebauer et al. 2006; Resano-Mayor et al. 2017; Päckert et al. 2021).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyrgilauda davidiana [Verreaux, J, 1871]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/789/mode/1up","Pyrgilauda"],["29728","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda theresae","(Meinertzhagen, 1937)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.10","Afghan Snowfinch","Afghan Snowfinch","Afghan Snowfinch",null,null,"Hindu Kush Mountains (Afghanistan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718342","afgsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afgsno1","avibase-09F330B1",null,null,"Shibar Pass, northern Afghanistan.","Description of one new species and one new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/46/mode/1up","Montifringilla theresae"],["29729","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda ruficollis","(Blanford, 1871)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 10,11 p.277","Rufous-necked Snowfinch","Rufous-necked Snowfinch","Rufous-necked Snowfinch",null,null,"stony and dry grass steppe and plateaus from southwestern Xinjiang eastward to Qinghai and western Gansu, in south from eastern Ladakh, northern Nepal, and northern Sikkim eastward to western Sichuan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718336","runsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/runsno1","avibase-24BD3553",null,null,"Kangra Lama Pass, N. Sikkim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/275/mode/1up","Montifringilla ruficollis"],["29730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda ruficollis isabellina","Stegmann, 1932","Journal für Ornithologie 80, no.1 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western China (southern Xinjiang to northwestern Qinghai); winters to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-687D8BD8",null,null,"'between the Chimán Tagh and Zaidam Range [about lat. 38° N. by long. 90°-9r E., on the border of Sinkiang and northwestern Tsinghai].","Untersuchungen über palaearktische „Schneefinken“","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_80_1932_0099-0114.pdf#page=5","Pyrgilauda ruficollis isabellina"],["29731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda ruficollis ruficollis","(Blanford, 1871)","Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 10,11 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"western Tibet to Sikkim, Kokonor, and southern Nan Shan Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0BE13A5",null,null,"Kangra Lama Pass, N. Sikkim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44923#page/275/mode/1up","Montifringilla ruficollis"],["29732","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda davidiana","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.40","Pere David's Snowfinch","Pere David's Snowfinch","Small Snowfinch",null,null,"semi-desert and rocky steppe with short dry grass in the Altai mountains of south-central Russia, most of Mongolia eastward to Inner Mongolia (northeastern China), and in northeastern Qinghai (north-central China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718333","pedsno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pedsno1","avibase-3F9357EF",null,null,"'Mountains of Chinese Tibet' ; the type is from 'the plains of Mongolia in the Ourato [= Suiyuan, Inner Mongolia], according to Verreaux (1872, ihid., 7 (1871), bull., p. 63).","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/342/mode/1up","Pyrgilauda davidiana"],["29733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda davidiana potanini","Sushkin, 1925","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Altai Mountains to Outer Mongolia and northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9556FD94",null,null,"Khara-djamaty, basin of Kobdo.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=26","[Pyrgilauda davidana] potanini"],["29734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda davidiana davidiana","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"Inner Mongolia to western China (Gansu and Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF14B6C",null,null,"'Mountains of Chinese Tibet' ; the type is from 'the plains of Mongolia in the Ourato [= Suiyuan, Inner Mongolia], according to Verreaux (1872, ihid., 7 (1871), bull., p. 63).","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/342/mode/1up","Pyrgilauda davidiana"],["29735","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda blanfordi","(Hume, 1876)","Stray Feathers 4 p.487","Blanford's Snowfinch","Blanford's Snowfinch","Plain-backed Snowfinch",null,null,"sandy, stony, and grassy plains from southeastern Xinjiang (southwestern China) and northern Ladakh, northwestern India eastward through northern Nepal and Sikkim and eastern Tibet to northern Sichuan (central China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718339","blasno1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blasno1","avibase-5DE8CA02",null,null,"borders of Tibet to the north of native Sikkim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/517/mode/1up","Montifringilla Blanfordi"],["29736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda blanfordi barbata","Przevalski, 1887","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 55, no.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western China (northeastern Qinghai to Nan Shan Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5FECFAD",null,null,"Koko Nor and northern Tibet; restricted to the Koko Nor by Stegmann (1932, Journ. f. Orn., 80, p. 104).","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Pyrgilauda barbata"],["29737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda blanfordi ventorum","Stegmann, 1932","Journal für Ornithologie 80, no.1 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western China (southeastern Xinjiang to western Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F5DAB6A",null,null,"'Valley of the winds, between the Chiman Tagh and Zaidam Range' [= about lat. 38° N. by long. 90°-9r E.].","Untersuchungen über palaearktische „Schneefinken“","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_80_1932_0099-0114.pdf#page=6","Pyrgilauda blanfordi ventorum"],["29738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Pyrgilauda blanfordi blanfordi","(Hume, 1876)","Stray Feathers 4 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of Tibet to Sikkim and western China; winters to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B49F0821",null,null,"borders of Tibet to the north of native Sikkim.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95042#page/517/mode/1up","Montifringilla Blanfordi"],["29739","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Carpospiza","Müller, 1854","Description de nouveaux oiseaux d'Afrique 3 pl.10,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Carpospiza longipennis [von Müller, JW, 1854]; type by monotypy = Petronia brachydactyla Bonaparte, 1850  ",null,null,null,"Carpospiza"],["29740","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Carpospiza brachydactyla","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.513","Pale Rockfinch","Pale Rockfinch","Pale Sparrow",null,null,"arid Türkiye; winters to southwestern Arabia and northeastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718310","palroc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palroc1","avibase-B1A5B22C",null,null,"'Arabia, Abyssinia'; type from Kunfuda, western Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/791/mode/1up","Petronia brachydactyla"],["29741","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.948 pl. fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla flavicollis [Franklin, 1831]; type by monotypy = Fringilla xanthocollis E. Burton, 1838  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/494/mode/1up","Gymnoris"],["29742","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris xanthocollis","(Burton, 1838)","A catalogue of the collection of mammalia and birds in the museum of the Army Medical Department, at Fort Pitt, Chatham p.23","Yellow-throated Sparrow","Yellow-throated Sparrow","Chestnut-shouldered Bush-sparrow",null,null,"southeastern Türkiye to Iraq, southern Iran, eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718294","chspet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chspet1","avibase-77CBF484",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares.",null,null,"Fringilla xanthocollis"],["29743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris xanthocollis transfuga","Hartert, 1904","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.145, fig. 30, 31",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Türkiye to Iraq, southern Iran, southern Pakistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-787DD056",null,null,"Bahu Kalat, Baluchistan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/213/mode/1up","Gymnoris flavicollis transfuga"],["29744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris xanthocollis xanthocollis","(Burton, 1838)","A catalogue of the collection of mammalia and birds in the museum of the Army Medical Department, at Fort Pitt, Chatham p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Afghanistan to northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC84949D",null,null,"Ganges between Calcutta and Benares.",null,null,"Fringilla xanthocollis"],["29745","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris dentata","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.127","Sahel Bush Sparrow","Sahel Bush Sparrow","Sahel Bush-sparrow",null,null,"lowland to submontane arid savanna, open woodland, cultivation, and villages and towns, from southern Mauritania, Senegambia, and Guinea, eastward across Sahel to southern Sudan, Eritrea, and western Yemen, and southward to central Cameroon, South Sudan, and Ethiopia; nomadic wandering post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718303","buspet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buspet1","avibase-969A369C",null,null,"NE. Afrika. (Type in Stockholm Museum from Ronga [= Abu Saad] on the Blue Nile, Sudan).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/137/mode/1up","Xanthodira dentata"],["29746","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris pyrgita","(Heuglin, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.55 p.30","Yellow-spotted Bush Sparrow","Yellow-spotted Bush Sparrow","Yellow-spotted Bush-sparrow",null,null,"two disjunct populations in lowland and foothill arid savanna, acacia steppe, and open rocky woodland, from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward patchily in Sahel to central Sudan, and from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to southern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718290","yespet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yespet1","avibase-FCD72CEE",null,null,"Bogos Mts., slopes of the Barca Valley.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/44/mode/1up","Xanthodina pyrgita"],["29747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris pyrgita pallida","Neumann, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegal to Mali, Niger, Chad, and central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E4C04F5",null,null,"Shendi, White Nile.","Exhibition and description of new African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/96/mode/1up","Gymnoris pyrgita pallida"],["29748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris pyrgita pyrgita","(Heuglin, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.55 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, southeastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-113BBF01",null,null,"Bogos Mts., slopes of the Barca Valley.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost-Afrika's","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/44/mode/1up","Xanthodina pyrgita"],["29749","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris superciliaris","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.553","Yellow-throated Bush Sparrow","Yellow-throated Bush Sparrow","Yellow-throated Bush-sparrow",null,null,"lowland to foothill savanna, open woodland, and riverine bush from southeastern Gabon and Republic of the Congo eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to northern Tanzania, southward through Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Malawi, to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, and Mozambique, thence southward through southern and eastern South Africa, Eswatini, and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718299","yetpet1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetpet1","avibase-E323BF95",null,null,"South Africa. Restricted to Cape Town by Grant and Clancey, 1953, Ostrich, 24, p. 128.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/99/mode/1up","Gymnorhis superciliaris"],["29750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris superciliaris bororensis","(Roberts, 1912)","The Journal of the South African Ornithologists' Union 8 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tanzania, southern Malawi, and northern Mozambique to northeastern KwaZulu-Natal and eastern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-689D1792",null,null,"Boror, Portuguese East Africa.","Notes on a collection of birds in the Transvaal Museum from Boror, Portuguese East Africa. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38493#page/68/mode/1up","Petronia superciliaris bororensis"],["29751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris superciliaris flavigula","(Sundevall, 1850)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zambia, Zimbabwe, western Mozambique, eastern Botswana, and northern Southern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E03D7D8",null,null,"Upper Caffraria. Type in Stockholm Museum from Saltpannen, Limpopo, Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/108/mode/1up","Xanthodira flavigula"],["29752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris superciliaris rufitergum","(Clancey, 1964)","Durban Museum Novitates 7, no.5 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Tanzania, northern Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and northwestern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C7F1B6F",null,null,"Kabompo Boma, western Northern Rhodesia. 2 April, 1959. Collected by W . F. H. Ansell","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 21. The geographical races of the Yellow-throated Sparrow Petronia superciliaris (Blyth).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1517","Petronia superciliaris rufitergum"],["29753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Gymnoris superciliaris superciliaris","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14, pt.2, no.164 p.553",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (eastern Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2DB70B2",null,null,"South Africa. Restricted to Cape Town by Grant and Clancey, 1953, Ostrich, 24, p. 128.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123999#page/99/mode/1up","Gymnorhis superciliaris"],["29754","genus","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.36 pl.1 fig.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla domestica [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Fringilla domestica Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/78/mode/1up","Passer"],["29755","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer griseus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.198","Northern Grey-headed Sparrow","Northern Gray-headed Sparrow","Northern Grey-headed Sparrow",null,null,"lowland and foothill grassland, savanna, and villages from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward across the Sahel to central Sudan, eastern Eritrea, and eastern Ethiopia, and southward to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, northwestern Zimbabwe, and northern Mozambique, also Bioko (Gulf of Guinea); confusion with P. diffusus affects range limits in Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718230","gyhspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhspa1","avibase-E10D0809",null,null,"United States [error = Senegal (Lafresnaye, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 95)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/212/mode/1up","Fringilla grisea"],["29756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer griseus griseus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania and Senegal to Cameroon, western Central African Republic, and southern Chad, southward to northern Gabon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD7AE072",null,null,"United States [error = Senegal (Lafresnaye, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 95)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/212/mode/1up","Fringilla grisea"],["29757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer griseus laeneni","Niethammer, 1955","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 1/2, Jahrgang 6 p.75-76",null,null,null,null,null,"Mali to far northern Cameroon and west-central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1896FE37",null,null,"Bol, east bank of Lake Chad.","Zur Vogelwelt des Ennedi-Gebirges (Französisch Äquatorial-Afrika).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156093#page/421/mode/1up","Passer griseus laeneni"],["29758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer griseus ugandae","Reichenow, 1904","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.231",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan, Eritrea and northwestern Ethiopia southward to southern Gabon, Angola, northern Namibia, northern Zimbabwe, Malawi, and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-991C0C54",null,null,"Uganda (Manjonga).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/269/mode/1up","Passer diffusus ugandae"],["29759","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer swainsonii","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.94 pl.33","Swainson's Sparrow","Swainson's Sparrow","Swainson's Sparrow",null,null,"lowland to montane arid highlands and plains, cultivation, and villages and towns, from Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and adjacent Sudan and South Sudan, eastward to northern Somalia, and southward to northern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718237","swaspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swaspa2","avibase-F375B25B",null,null,"Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/174/mode/1up","Pyrgita swainsonii"],["29760","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer gongonensis","(Oustalet, 1890)","Le Naturaliste (2), 4 p.274","Parrot-billed Sparrow","Parrot-billed Sparrow","Parrot-billed Sparrow",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid savanna, open brushy semi-desert, and thornscrub, from southeastern South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and southern Somalia, and southward to Kenya, adjacent Uganda, and northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718243","pabspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabspa1","avibase-DB4998D1",null,null,"Gongoni, near Mombasa.","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de l'Afrique orientale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30672#page/278/mode/1up","Pseudostruthus gongonensis"],["29761","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer suahelicus","Reichenow, 1904","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt1 p.231","Swahili Sparrow","Swahili Sparrow","Swahili Sparrow",null,null,"foothill to submontane lightly-wooded grassland, open woodland, cultivation, parks, villages, and towns, from southern Kenya southward to central Tanzania, and patchily to southwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718249","swaspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swaspa1","avibase-2B55E679",null,null,"Bussissi [Mwanza district, Tanganyika Territory].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/269/mode/1up","Passer griseus suahelicus"],["29762","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer diffusus","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.50","Southern Grey-headed Sparrow","Southern Gray-headed Sparrow","Southern Grey-headed Sparrow",null,null,"lowland and foothill acacia and mopane woodland, clearings, and farmland, from western Angola eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to southern Tanzania, and southward to South Africa, but patchly in arid southwestern Africa; confusion with P. griseus affects range limits in eastern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718255","sghspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sghspa2","avibase-7EB3ECC4",null,null,"between the Orange River and the tropic ; restricted to near Kuruman by Maedonald and Hall (1957, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 23, p. 35).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/130/mode/1up","Pyrgita diffusa"],["29763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer diffusus luangwae","Benson, 1956","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 76, no.3 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Zambia (upper Luangwa Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC2B6281",null,null,"Mupamadzi River, Luangwa Valley, Northern Rhodesia.","The relationship of Passer griseus (Vieillot) and Passer diffusus (Smith), with the description of a new race of the latter.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125531#page/66/mode/1up","Passer diffusus luangwae"],["29764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer diffusus mosambicus","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Malawi, northern Mozambique, and southeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-008888D0",null,null,"Lumbo, Portuguese East Africa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/144/mode/1up","Passer griseus mosambicus"],["29765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer diffusus diffusus","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Namibia, southwestern Zambia, western Zimbabwe, and western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8230C45",null,null,"between the Orange River and the tropic ; restricted to near Kuruman by Maedonald and Hall (1957, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 23, p. 35).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/130/mode/1up","Pyrgita diffusa"],["29766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer diffusus stygiceps","Clancey, 1954","Durban Museum Novitates 4 pt9 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Zambia, southwestern Malawi, and southern Mozambique to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8EC2ACC",null,null,"Umzinyati Falls, Inanda, near Durban, Natal, South Africa. Altitude c.500' a.s.l. 6 July, 1953.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 4. 2. A new race of Puffback from south-eastern Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1876","Passer griseus stygiceps"],["29767","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer melanurus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.153","Cape Sparrow","Cape Sparrow","Cape Sparrow",null,null,"lowland lightly-wooded savanna, cultivation, and town throughout southern Africa from western Angola, northern Botswana, and southern Zimbabwe southward to South Africa, plus Lesotho and Eswatini",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718225","capspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capspa1","avibase-DEE88DF6",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope ; restricted to Cape Town by Macdonald (1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 157).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/173/mode/1up","Loxia melanura"],["29768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer melanurus damarensis","Reichenow, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola to Namibia, eastward to Zimbabwe and northern South Africa (Northern Cape, North West, and northern Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CE7EE65",null,null,"Damaraland. Type in Berlin Museum from Brakwater, 12 miles north of Windhuk.","Neue Vogelarten aus Damaraland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/97/mode/1up","Passer arcuatus damarensis"],["29769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer melanurus melanurus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern South Africa (southern Northern Cape and Western Cape eastward to Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F9D8D1E",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope ; restricted to Cape Town by Macdonald (1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 157).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/173/mode/1up","Loxia melanura"],["29770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer melanurus vicinus","Clancey, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78, no.3 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (southern Limpopo to eastern Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Eastern Cape) and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-848025AC",null,null,"Bethlehem, eastern Orange Free State.","Polytypic variation in the Sparrow Passer melanurus (Müller).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/85/mode/1up","Passer melanurus vicinus"],["29771","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer eminibey","(Hartlaub, 1880)","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.150 p.211,325","Chestnut Sparrow","Chestnut Sparrow","Chestnut Sparrow",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane arid acacia savanna, especially near swamps or villages, from central Chad, southwestern Sudan, and Ethiopia southward to south-central Tanzania; nomadic wandering post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718286","chespa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chespa1","avibase-D8F2F78B",null,null,"Lado.","Ueber einige neue von Dr. Emin Bey, Gouverneur der Aequatorialprovinzen Aegytens, um Lado, Central-Afrika, entdeckte Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/223/mode/1up","Sorella eminibey"],["29772","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer motitensis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) pt.27 p.50","Great Sparrow","Great Rufous Sparrow","Great Sparrow",null,null,"lowland dry rocky country and open acacia savanna from central Angola and Namibia eastward through Botswana and southwestern Zimbabwe to northern South Africa, plus northern Lesotho and northwestern Eswatini; nomadic in post-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736005","grrspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grrspa1","avibase-3E2EFDA6",null,null,"about Old Latakoo [Northern Cape province in South Africa]. 60 miles south of Orange River ; restricted to near Hopetown, northern Cape Province by Macdonald (1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 157).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/130/mode/1up","Pyrgita motitensis"],["29773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer motitensis benguellensis","Lynes, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.2 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A117882",null,null,"Huxe, Benguella.","On the Birds of North and Central Darfur. Taxonomic Appendix. - Part I.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb07587.x","Passer iagoensis benguellensis"],["29774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer motitensis motitensis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) pt.27 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Botswana and north-central South Africa (northern Northern Cape and North West)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D151394",null,null,"about Old Latakoo [Northern Cape province in South Africa]. 60 miles south of Orange River ; restricted to near Hopetown, northern Cape Province by Macdonald (1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 157).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/130/mode/1up","Pyrgita motitensis"],["29775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer motitensis subsolanus","Clancey, 1964","Durban Museum Novitates 7, no.5 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Zimbabwe, northwestern Eswatini, and northeastern South Africa (southward to northern Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-172BCDBB",null,null,"Ingwezi Ranch, Syringa, Southern Rhodesia. 14 April, 1951.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 21. New subspecies of the Greater Sparrow Passer iagoensis (Gould) and Black-cheeked Waxbill Estrilda erythronotos (Vieillot) from South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1517","Passer iagoensis subsolanus"],["29776","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer rufocinctus","Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.165 p.55","Kenya Sparrow","Kenya Rufous Sparrow","Kenya Sparrow",null,null,"foothill to montane acacia savanna, open woodland, cultivation, and towns, in Rift Valley highlands from central Kenya southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718206","kerspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kerspa2","avibase-DBAB527C",null,null,"Lake Naivasha [Kenya].","Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Entdeckt von Dr. G. A. Fischer während der im Auftrage der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Innere des äquatorialen Ostafrikas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/67/mode/1up","Passer rufocinctus"],["29777","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer shelleyi","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.256-257","Shelley's Sparrow","Shelley's Rufous Sparrow","White Nile Sparrow",null,null,"foothill grassy savanna with sparse trees, brushy semi-desert, open woodland, and cultivation, from southeastern South Sudan eastward to eastern Ethiopia and adjacent Somalia, and southward to Uganda and far western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736010","shrspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shrspa1","avibase-126E0CFA",null,null,"Lado [southern Sudan].","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part I. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/288/mode/1up","Passer shelleyi"],["29778","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer cordofanicus","Heuglin, 1874","Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.141","Kordofan Sparrow","Kordofan Rufous Sparrow","Kordofan Sparrow",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid savanna, semi-desert, cultivation, and villages, in eastern Chad and southwestern Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736015","korspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/korspa1","avibase-A3D20D11",null,null,"Kordofan (ex Passer motitensis, Heuglin, ibid., p. 634).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105460#page/401/mode/1up","Passer cordofanicus"],["29779","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer cinnamomeus","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.185","Russet Sparrow","Russet Sparrow","Russet Sparrow",null,null,"Himalayas of northeastern Afghanistan to northeastern Asia, Korean Peninsula, and Sakhalin, and southward through hills south of Brahmaputra and northern southeastern Asia; northeastern populations migrate southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718191","russpa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/russpa2","avibase-469D6B56",null,null,"'apud montes Himalayenses' [restricted to NW. Himalayas by Ticehurst, 1927, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 32, p. 347].","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/363/mode/1up","Pyrgita cinnamomea"],["29780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","(Gould, 1836)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.3, no.36 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas of northeastern Afghanistan to northeastern India and southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54AC5AD6",null,null,"'apud montes Himalayenses' [restricted to NW. Himalayas by Ticehurst, 1927, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 32, p. 347].","Characters of several New Species of Insessorial Birds, including a new Genus (Stenorhynchus).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/363/mode/1up","Pyrgita cinnamomea"],["29781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer cinnamomeus intensior","Rothschild, 1922","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China to northern Myanmar, Laos, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00D8BCA2",null,null,"Mekong Valley.","Description of new species and subspecies of Yunnan Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/417/mode/1up","Passer rutilans intensior"],["29782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer cinnamomeus rutilans","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.3 pl.588 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central and eastern China, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, Japan (Hokkaido to central Honshu), Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan; withdraws southward in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49A62353",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/490/mode/1up","Fringilla rutilans"],["29783","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.183","Eurasian Tree Sparrow","Eurasian Tree Sparrow","Eurasian Tree Sparrow",null,null,"Eurasia, southeastern Asia, Malayan Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718270","eutspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eutspa","avibase-C22FBF8D",null,null,"'in Europa'; restricted to Bagnacavallo, Ravenna, Italy, by Clancey (1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 68, p. 135).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/202/mode/1up","Fringilla montana"],["29784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus montanus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe to northern Africa, northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and Sea of Okhotsk",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9B8B320",null,null,"'in Europa'; restricted to Bagnacavallo, Ravenna, Italy, by Clancey (1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.., 68, p. 135).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/202/mode/1up","Fringilla montana"],["29785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus dybowskii","Domaniewski, 1915","Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société des Sciences de Varsovie 8 p.562, 566",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Asia (lower Amur River to northeastern China and North Korea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-845F1820",null,null,"Ussuri Valley and Korea; restricted to lat. 48° N. on the Ussuri by Vaurie, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1814, p. 12.",null,null,"Passer montanus dybowskii"],["29786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus transcaucasicus","Buturlin, 1906","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.23 p.423",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Caucasus (Black Sea coast of Georgia to northern Iran)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EAC062C",null,null,"Akhalzykh, Transcaucasia.","On the Birds collected in Transcaucasia by Mr. A. M. Kobylin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/511/mode/1up","Passer montanus transcaucasicus"],["29787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus kansuensis","Stresemann, 1932","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 40 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Qaidam Basin and northern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C105892",null,null,"'Heitsuitse, northern Kansu' [= above Sining on the Sining River, northeastern Tsinghai (fide Vaurie, t. c.)].","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu VIII.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_40_0048-0056.pdf#page=8","Passer montanus kansuensis"],["29788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus dilutus","Richmond, 1896","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1083 p.575",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaspia to western Pakistan, Gobi Desert, and western China (Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DD1A09B",null,null,"Kashgar, Eastern Turkestan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/657/mode/1up","Passer montanus dilutus"],["29789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus tibetanus","Stuart Baker, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Tibetan Plateau and central China (eastward to southeastern Qinghai and western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35176C5E",null,null,"Khumbajong, Tibet.","Descriptions of new subspecies of Finches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/120/mode/1up","Passer montanus tibetanus"],["29790","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus saturatus","Stejneger, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.473 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin and Kuril Islands and Japan southward through eastern China to Taiwan and northern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15BECC46",null,null,"Riu Kius [= Okinawa, according to Phillips (1947, Auk, 64, p. 126)].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/33/mode/1up","Passer saturatus"],["29791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus hepaticus","Ripley, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61, no.18 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern India (southeastern Arunachal Pradesh) and adjacent southern China (southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4557170F",null,null,"Tezu, Mishmi Hills, NW. Assam.","New birds from the Mishmi Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/294/mode/1up","Passer montanus hepaticus"],["29792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer montanus malaccensis","Dubois, 1887","Faune des vertébrés de la Belgique. Série des oiseaux 1 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"western Nepal eastward to northeastern India (Assam), southern China, southeastern Asia, Sumatra, Java, and southern Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64773495",null,null,"Malacca.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33152#page/595/mode/1up","Passer montanus var. malaccensis"],["29793","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer ammodendri","Gould, 1872","The birds of Asia 5 pt24 pl.15,text","Saxaul Sparrow","Saxaul Sparrow","Saxaul Sparrow",null,null,"river valleys in sandy and stony desert and semi-desert with saxaul and other bushes and trees, from western Uzbekistan, northern Turkmenistan, southern and eastern Kazakhstan, and northern Xinjiang eastward through southern Mongolia, and northern Gansu, western Inner Mongolia, and northern Ningxia (north-central China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718171","saxspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saxspa1","avibase-17AC96E0",null,null,"Turkestan [Djulek, above Kzyl Orda, on the Syr Darya, according to Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 158].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121124#page/69/mode/1up","Passer ammodendri"],["29794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer ammodendri ammodendri","Gould, 1872","The birds of Asia 5 pt24 pl.15,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kazakhstan and northern Uzbekistan (Kyzylkum Desert), and Turkmenistan (Karakum Desert); possibly northeastern Iran and northern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A74D800",null,null,"Turkestan [Djulek, above Kzyl Orda, on the Syr Darya, according to Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 158].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121124#page/69/mode/1up","Passer ammodendri"],["29795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer ammodendri nigricans","Stepanyan, 1961","Archives of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University 8 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kazakhstan (Sary-Ishikotrau Desert) and northwestern China (northern Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABBBC6AB",null,null,"Yili, Xinjiang","Geograficheskaya izmenchivost' saksaul'nogo vorob'ya (Passer ammodendri Gould.). [Geographical variation in the Saxaul Sparrow (Passer ammodendri Gould.)].",null,"Passer ammodendri nigricans"],["29796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer ammodendri stoliczkae","Hume, 1874","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.516-518",null,null,null,null,null,"China from southern Xinjiang (Kashgar and Taklimakan Desert) eastward to western Inner Mongolia and northern Ningxia (Ordos Desert), and south-central Mongolia (Gobi Desert)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-698E65CE",null,null,"about four miles east of Kashgar.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/540/mode/1up","Passer Stoliczkae"],["29797","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer iagoensis","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.55 p.77","Iago Sparrow","Cape Verde Sparrow","Cape Verde Sparrow",null,null,"locally in Cabo Verde (except Fogo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718202","cavspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cavspa1","avibase-ECD1267B",null,null,"São Tiago [=Santiago], Cape Verde Islands.","[Exhibition of Mr. Darwin's Birds, among them only one New Species of the genus Pyrgita from the island of St. Iago].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/249/mode/1up","Pyrgita Iagoensis"],["29798","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer zarudnyi","Pleske, 1896","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 1 p.32","Zarudny's Sparrow","Zarudny's Sparrow","Zarudny's Sparrow",null,null,"desert of south-central Asia (Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736027","desspa4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/desspa4","avibase-246789A2",null,null,"Transcaspia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36003#page/164/mode/1up","Passer simplex Zarudnyi"],["29799","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer simplex","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24","Desert Sparrow","Desert Sparrow","Desert Sparrow",null,null,"desert with scattered trees and bushes, including wadis and oases in the Sahara from central Tunisia, northern Morocco, Algeria, and Libya southward patchily to southern Mauritania, central Mali, southern Niger, Chad, and central Sudan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736020","desspa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/desspa3","avibase-B4037E8F",null,null,"Ambukol on the Nile, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla simplex"],["29800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer simplex saharae","Erlanger, 1900","Journal für Ornithologie 47, no.4 p.472-476",null,null,null,null,null,"Sahara of southeastern Morocco to Algeria, southern Tunisia, and central Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1C5958D",null,null,"Tunisian Sahara [= Jebel Dekanis {teste Hilgert, 1908, Kat. Coll. Erlanger, p. 80)].","Beiträge zur Avifauna Tunesiens. (Forsetzung von Jahrg. 1899 S. 374.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101577#page/482/mode/1up","Passer simplex saharae"],["29801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer simplex simplex","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sahara from Mali to northern Niger (Aïr Massif), northern Chad, and central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97890D4E",null,null,"Ambukol on the Nile, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla simplex"],["29802","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer moabiticus","Tristram, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.169","Dead Sea Sparrow","Dead Sea Sparrow","Dead Sea Sparrow",null,null,"riverine and lakeside scrub and semidesert in southern Türkiye, northern Syria, and Cyprus southward to the Dead Sea basin and the Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan, and to Mesopotamia, also in the Seistan region of easternmost Iran, western Afghanistan, and possibly adjacent northern Baluchistan (western Pakistan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718197","desspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/desspa1","avibase-7D19D9ED",null,null,"Palestine","[On two new species of birds from Palestine].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/223/mode/1up","Passer moabiticus"],["29803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer moabiticus moabiticus","Tristram, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.1 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus, southern Türkiye southward to Israel and Jordan, and eastward to Iraq, southwestern Iran; primarily resident, but some winter southward to Egypt and to the United Arab Emirates",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE391079",null,null,"Palestine","[On two new species of birds from Palestine].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/223/mode/1up","Passer moabiticus"],["29804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer moabiticus yatii","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.322-323",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Iran and adjacent southwestern Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DE83545C",null,null,"Dedadi, western Afghanistan [Seistan].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/342/mode/1up","Passer yatii"],["29805","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer luteus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24","Sudan Golden Sparrow","Sudan Golden Sparrow","Sudan Golden Sparrow",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid sandy savanna with few trees from southern Mauritania and northern Senegal eastward across Sahel to eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and northeastern Ethiopia; widely nomadic post-breeding, reaching Western Sahara, Cabo Verde, and Canary Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718276","sugspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sugspa1","avibase-4C373DA1",null,null,"Dongola, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla luteus"],["29806","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer euchlorus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.519","Arabian Golden Sparrow","Arabian Golden Sparrow","Arabian Golden Sparrow",null,null,"southwestern Arabian Peninsula (southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen; Djibouti and northwestern Somalia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718281","argspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/argspa2","avibase-24E0C8A6",null,null,"'Abyssinia, Arabia'. Type from Kunfuda, Arabia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/801/mode/1up","Auripasser euchlorus"],["29807","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer flaveolus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.946","Plain-backed Sparrow","Plain-backed Sparrow","Plain-backed Sparrow",null,null,"northern Myanmar to Thailand, Malayan Peninsula, and southern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718194","plbspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbspa1","avibase-AABF0A3A",null,null,"Arakan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/492/mode/1up","Passer flaveolus"],["29808","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer insularis","Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.169","Socotra Sparrow","Socotra Sparrow","Socotra Sparrow",null,null,"Socotra and associated islets Samha and Darsa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736000","socspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socspa1","avibase-E2E3F3F4",null,null,"Socotra.","On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. B. Balfour.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/231/mode/1up","Passer insularis"],["29809","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer hemileucus","Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2, no.1 p.3","Abd al-Kuri Sparrow","Abd al Kuri Sparrow","Abd al Kuri Sparrow",null,null,"Abd Al-Kuri (southwest of Socotra)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735599","aakspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aakspa1","avibase-BE010552",null,null,"Abd el Kuri Island [Socotra archipelago]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/191/mode/1up","Passer hemileucus"],["29810","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer hispaniolensis","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.353","Spanish Sparrow","Spanish Sparrow","Spanish Sparrow",null,null,"lowland to submontane open shrubbery, cultivation, arid steppe, semi-desert, and urban areas, from Iberia, Sardina, and Greece eastward through Caucasus to southern Kazakhstan and northwestern China, and southward to northern Africa, Levant, and Afghanistan; some populations migrate southward to Sahara, Nile Valley (Egypt), Arabian Peninsula, and western India; introduced to Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718179","spaspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spaspa1","avibase-5A8E09A1",null,null,"Algeciras, southern Spain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/481/mode/1up","Fringilla hispaniolensis"],["29811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis","(Temminck, 1820)","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira, Canary Islands, Cabo Verde, southern Europe, and North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5379ABA0",null,null,"Algeciras, southern Spain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/481/mode/1up","Fringilla hispaniolensis"],["29812","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer hispaniolensis transcaspicus","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Iran and Transcaspia to eastern Kazakhstan and Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAD7D28B",null,null,"Jelotan [= lolotan, near Merv], Transcaspia, fide Tschusi, 1903, Orn. Jahrb., p. 10.","Passer hispaniolensis transcaspicus subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/116/mode/1up","Passer hispaniolensis transcaspicus"],["29813","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer pyrrhonotus","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.946","Sind Sparrow","Sind Sparrow","Sind Sparrow",null,null,"far southeastern Iran to Pakistan and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718183","sinspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinspa1","avibase-E60EFA61",null,null,"Bahawalpur, Stnd.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/492/mode/1up","Passer pyrrhonotus"],["29814","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer castanopterus","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.4 p.302","Somali Sparrow","Somali Sparrow","Somali Sparrow",null,null,"lowland dry acacia savanna, rocky areas, coastal cliffs, and towns, from Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia southward to northern and eastern Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718187","somspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somspa1","avibase-1D25E0DB",null,null,"Somaliland.","Report on a Zoological collection from the Somáli country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/346/mode/1up","Passer castanopterus"],["29815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer castanopterus castanopterus","Blyth, 1855","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.4 p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Ethiopia and Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF12153E",null,null,"Somaliland.","Report on a Zoological collection from the Somáli country.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/346/mode/1up","Passer castanopterus"],["29816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer castanopterus fulgens","Friedmann, 1931","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.428",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Ethiopia to north-central Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE8D756B",null,null,"Indunumara Mts., Kenya Colony.","The geographical forms of the Somali Sparrow, Passer castanopterus Blyth.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/480/mode/1up","Passer castanopterus fulgens"],["29817","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer italiae","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.199","Italian Sparrow","Italian Sparrow","Italian Sparrow",null,null,"Italian Peninsula, Corsica, Sicily, and Crete",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819014","itaspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/itaspa1","avibase-3718C3F9",null,null,"Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/213/mode/1up","Fringilla Italiae"],["29818","species","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.183","House Sparrow","House Sparrow","House Sparrow",null,null,"native range extends from British Isles and Scandinavia to northern Africa, eastward through southeastern Siberia and western southeastern Asia; introduced around human population centers almost globally elsewhere (except most of Asia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818789","houspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houspa","avibase-240E3390",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/202/mode/1up","Fringilla domestica"],["29819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus domesticus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe eastward to Mongolia, south-central Siberia (mouth of the Amur River), and northeastern China, also locally also eastward in Sakhalin and Kamchatka; the species, probably mostly this subspecies, also is widely introduced around the world, including in Australia, New Zealand, North America, South America, and elsewhere, primarily in populated areas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8321188A",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/202/mode/1up","Fringilla domestica"],["29820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus balearoibericus","Jordans, 1923","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 19, Sonderheft p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Mediterranean Spain, Balearic Islands, France, and Balkans to Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7D83616",null,null,"Valldemosa, Mallorca.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/370/mode/1up","Passer domesticus balearoibericus"],["29821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus biblicus","Hartert, 1904","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus and Levant to Türkiye, northern Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and western Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A874E045",null,null,"Sueme, Palestine.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/217/mode/1up","Passer domestica biblicus"],["29822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus hyrcanus","Zarudny & Kudashev, 1916","Nasha Okhota p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iran (southward to Elburz Mountains) and adjacent Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA47A0F2",null,null,"Astrabad, Gilan, and Mazanderan, northern Iran.",null,null,"Passer domesticus hyrcanus"],["29823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus persicus","Zarudny & Kudashev, 1916","Nasha Okhota p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"central Iran to southwestern Afghanistan and far western Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CD3DAF9",null,null,"Arabistan, southwestern Iran.",null,null,"Passer domesticus persicus"],["29824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus indicus","Jardine & Selby, 1831","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.8 pl.118, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Israel and most of the Arabian Peninsula eastward to southern Iran, India, Sri Lanka, and southeastern Asia eastward to Laos; also introduced widely in Sub-Saharan Africa and islands in the India Ocean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7BA9D79",null,null,"India, restricted to Bangalore by Kinnear, 1925, Ibis, p. 751.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/203/mode/1up","Passer indicus"],["29825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus bactrianus","Zarudny & Kudashev, 1916","Nasha Okhota p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Transcaspia to Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, and northwestern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41415D88",null,null,"Merv, Tashkent ; type from Tashkent (Meinertzhagen, 1938, Ibis, p. 507).",null,null,"Passer domesticus bactrianus"],["29826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus parkini","Whistler, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Pakistan to southwestern Tibet, Nepal, and Sikkim)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D9A0F6F",null,null,"Srinagar, Kashmere.","Description of a new subspecies of Sparrow from Cashmere.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/43/mode/1up","Passer domesticus parkini"],["29827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus hufufae","Ticehurst & Cheesman, 1924","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Arabia (southward to northern Oman)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF4A616C",null,null,"Hufuf toAvn, Hasa Province, eastern Arabia.","Descriptions of new races from Central Arabia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/47/mode/1up","Passer domesticus hufufae"],["29828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus tingitanus","Loche, 1867","Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. Atlas p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia, Algeria, and northeastern Libya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA2DF028",null,null,"Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175043#page/145/mode/1up","[Passer domesticus] A. Tingitanus"],["29829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus niloticus","Nicoll & Bonhote, 1909","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (Nile Delta and Nile Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AAFA94A",null,null,"El Faiyum, Egypt.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Crested Lark and of a Sparrow from Egypt.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/473/mode/1up","Passer domesticus niloticus"],["29830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passeridae","Snowfinches and Old World Sparrows","Passer domesticus rufidorsalis","Brehm, 1855","Naumannia 5 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"Sudan (Nile Valley southward to 13° N) and eastward to Red Sea coast in Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17C788E2",null,null,"northeast Africa; restricted to Khartoum, Sudan, bv Vaurie, 1959","Verzeichniss der europäischen Vögel nach den Species und Subspecies. (Fortsetzung).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19887#page/289/mode/1up","P[asser] rufidorsalis"],["29831","family","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacillidae",null,null,"Wagtails and Pipits","Wagtails and Pipits","Pipits and Wagtails",null,null,null,null,null,null,"motaci1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/motaci1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["29832","genus","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Dendronanthus","Blyth, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.82 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla indica [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/132/mode/1up","Dendronanthus"],["29833","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Dendronanthus indicus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.962","Forest Wagtail","Forest Wagtail","Forest Wagtail",null,null,"breeds Russian Far East to southeastern China (and formerly southern Japan); winters to southern and southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718345","forwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forwag1","avibase-8E872FAA",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/463/mode/1up","Motacilla indica"],["29834","genus","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla alba [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla"],["29835","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flaviventris","Hartlaub, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.44 p.94","Madagascar Wagtail","Madagascar Wagtail","Madagascar Wagtail",null,null,"open country and streams throughout Madagascar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718375","madwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/madwag1","avibase-B034A3E6",null,null,"Bombetoke Bay, Madagascar.","Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Madagascars. (Fortsetz. s. S. 1-16.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/106/mode/1up","Motacilla flaviventris"],["29836","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla bocagii","(Sharpe, 1892)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.2 p.228 pl.20 fig.1","Sao Tome Shorttail","Sao Tome Short-tail","Sao Tome Shorttail","2025-0549","Taxon <em>ruficollis </em>is transferred from <em>Madanga </em>to <em>Anthus</em> (<em>Anthus ruficollis</em>) based on analysis of multilocus DNA data and morphology (Alström et al. 2015b), while taxon <em>bocagii </em>is transferred from <em>Amaurocichla </em>to <em>Motacilla </em>(as <em>Motacilla bocagii</em>) based on multilocus DNA (Alström et al. 2015b) and genome-wide (Harris et al. 2018b) genetic evidence. For reasons of taxonomic stability, taxon <em>chloris </em>is placed in <em>Hemimacronyx</em> pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data suggest that <em>chloris</em> is closely related to <em>Macronyx croceus </em>and <em>M. capensis</em> (Pietersen et al. 2019), which are embedded within <em>Anthus</em>. Similarly, taxon <em>sharpei </em>is placed in <em>Macronyx </em>instead of <em>Hemimacronyx</em>, pending further research. A comprehensive genetic review of genera <em>Anthus, Macronyx, Hemimacronyx,</em> and <em>Tmetothylacus </em>is needed.","locally in forest of southern São Tomé",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22715170","boclon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boclon2","avibase-47CB67FD",null,null,"San Miguel, west coast of St. Thomas, West Africa.","Descriptions of some new Species of Timeliine Birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/292/mode/1up","Amaurocichla bocagii"],["29837","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla capensis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.333","Cape Wagtail","Cape Wagtail","Cape Wagtail",null,null,"lowland to montane grassland, wetlands, and towns from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda eastward to central Kenya, thence southward to Burundi and northwestern Tanzania, and western Angola eastward to Zambia, and southward through Namibia and Zimbabwe to South Africa and southern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718371","capwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capwag1","avibase-4F2CC293",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/337/mode/1up","Motacilla capensis"],["29838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla capensis simplicissima","Neumann, 1929","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 37 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola and northeastern Namibia (Caprivi Strip) to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Botswana, and northwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09F72CEC",null,null,"Chipepe, near Bailundu, Angola.","Neue Formen vom Bailundu-Land, Benguella.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_37_0176-0178.pdf","Motacilla capensis simplicissima"],["29839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla capensis capensis","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and western and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64ED8667",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/337/mode/1up","Motacilla capensis"],["29840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla capensis wellsi","Ogilvie-Grant, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda and Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31548965",null,null,"Kigezi, Uganda.","Descriptions of two new species of birds from the Mufumbiro Volcanoes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/58/mode/1up","Motacilla wellsi"],["29841","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla clara","Sharpe, 1908","Ibis ser.9, vol.2, no.6 p.341","Mountain Wagtail","Mountain Wagtail","Mountain Wagtail",null,null,"patchy in sub-Saharan Africa, along lowland to montane rocky rivers and streams in forest, from Guinea to southeastern Nigeria southward to Angola, plus Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and Eritrea and Ethiopia southward to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Tanzania, and through Zimbabwe and southern and eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718397","mouwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwag1","avibase-747B3A52",null,null,"Simen, Ethiopia.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. With Notes by the Collector, G. L. Bates. Part VI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35543#page/399/mode/1up","Motacilla clara"],["29842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla clara chapini","Amadon, 1954","American Museum Novitates no.1656 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B35DAD39",null,null,"A.M.N.H. No. 415300, Nkongsamba district, at 3000 feet, Cameroons; sex? (probably male); April 4, 1930; R. H. Drinkwater. Wing, 81 mm.; tail, 92; culmen, 14","Three new subspecies of birds from Africa.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4918/","Motacilla clara chapini"],["29843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla clara clara","Sharpe, 1908","Ibis ser.9, vol.2, no.6 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92BD0693",null,null,"Simen, Ethiopia.","On further Collections of Birds from the Efulen District of Camaroon, West Africa. With Notes by the Collector, G. L. Bates. Part VI.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35543#page/399/mode/1up","Motacilla clara"],["29844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla clara torrentium","Ticehurst, 1940","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Uganda to Kenya, Rwanda, Angola, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F085D7D",null,null,"Ngone Forest, Eshowe, Zululand.","A new Race of the African Mountain Wagtail.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/111/mode/1up","Motacilla clara torrentium"],["29845","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla cinerea","Tunstall, 1771","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.2","Grey Wagtail","Gray Wagtail","Grey Wagtail",null,null,"lowland to montane fast-flowing streams in forest, foothill rivers, and flatland canals with artificial waterfalls, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Siberia and Kamchatka, and southward to Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands, southern Europe, Caucasus, northeastern China and Japan, and from Afghanistan eastward through Himalayas to northeastern India; migrates southward to northern and eastern Africa, southern and southeastern Asia, Philippines, Greater Sundas, and Indonesia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718392","grywag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grywag","avibase-AE073221",null,null,"no locality = Wycliffe, Yorkshire, England, fide Clancey, 1946.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49445#page/12/mode/1up","Motacilla Cinerea"],["29846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla cinerea patriciae","Vaurie, 1957","American Museum Novitates no.1832 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Azores (Furnas and São Miguel)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9FC2E09",null,null,"Furnas, São Miguel, Azores.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 25. Motacillidae : the Genus Motacilla.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5393/","Motacilla cinerea patriciae"],["29847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla cinerea schmitzi","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1900","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 11 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D83667F",null,null,"Madeira.","Bemerkungen über einige Vögel Madeiras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208201#page/235/mode/1up","Motacilla boarula schmitzi"],["29848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla cinerea cinerea","Tunstall, 1771","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in Eurasia, from the Canary Islands, Europe, and northern Africa (Atlas Mountains) eastward to Siberia and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); winters to northern and eastern Africa, southern Asia, and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E70A75A",null,null,"no locality = Wycliffe, Yorkshire, England, fide Clancey, 1946.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49445#page/12/mode/1up","Motacilla Cinerea"],["29849","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.185","Western Yellow Wagtail","Western Yellow Wagtail","Western Yellow Wagtail",null,null,"lowland to montane marsh, wet meadows, grassy tundra, bogs, damp steppe, and waterside pastures, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to northwestern Siberia, and southward to northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Nile Valley (Egypt), Arabian Peninsula, northern Afghanistan, and western China; migrates southward to sub-Saharan Africa and Indian subcontinent",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103822349","eaywag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaywag1","avibase-5983D677",null,null,"Europa = Southern Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/204/mode/1up","Motacilla flava"],["29850","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava flavissima","(Blyth, 1834)","Magazine of natural history and journal of zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and meteorology 7 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Britain and adjacent coastal Europe; winters to Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34DA7F52",null,null,"England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19625#page/356/mode/1up","Budytes flavissima"],["29851","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava lutea","(Gmelin, 1774)","Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 3 p.101, pl. 20, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds lower Volga River basin to Kazakhstan; winters to Africa and Indian subcontinent",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2064577F",null,null,"Astrakhan.",null,"https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11062279?page=109&q=Parus+luteus","Parus luteus"],["29852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava flava","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Scandinavia to central Europe and Ural Mountains; winters to sub-Saharan Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-876F7E82",null,null,"Europa = Southern Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/204/mode/1up","Motacilla flava"],["29853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava beema","(Sykes, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.18 p.90-91",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Russia to western Siberia, northern Kazakhstan, and Altai; winters to eastern Africa and India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7634E0C",null,null,"Deccan, India.","Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/294/mode/1up","Budytes beema"],["29854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava iberiae","Hartert, 1921","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.2097",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern France, Iberian Peninsula, and northwestern Africa; winters to western and north-central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52BA5813",null,null,"Southern France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49738#page/361/mode/1up","Motacilla flava iberiae"],["29855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava cinereocapilla","Savi, 1831","Nuovo Giornale dei Letterati 7 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Italy, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, and Slovenia; winters to west-central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8B6C2D9",null,null,"Italy. 2",null,null,"Motacilla cinereocapilla"],["29856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava pygmaea","(Brehm, 1854)","Journal für Ornithologie 2, no.7 p.74,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt (delta and south along Nile River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA11A287",null,null,"'northeast Africa' = Egypt.","Etwas über den Zug der Vögel in Nord-Ost-Afrika. (Schluss ; s. Jahrg. I, S. 451-457.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/710/mode/1up","B[udytes] pygmaeus"],["29857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava leucocephala","(Przevalski, 1887)","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 55, no.1 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Mongolia, northwestern China, and south-central Siberia; winters mostly in India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A3F24F8",null,null,"Urungu River, northern Dzungaria.","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Budytes leucocephala"],["29858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava feldegg","Michahelles, 1830","Isis von Oken 23, heft 8 col.812",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Balkans to Türkiye, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan; winters to eastern Africa and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8995B8DE",null,null,"near Spalato, southern Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87982#page/428/mode/1up","Motacilla Feldegg"],["29859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla flava thunbergi","Billberg, 1828","Synopsis faunae Scandinaviae, complectens animalia Sveciae Norvegiae que hucusque detecta 1, pt.2 p.50, tab. A",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia to northwestern Siberia; winters to sub-Saharan Africa, and southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CAAD123",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137828#page/53/mode/1up","Motacilla Thunbergi"],["29860","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla citreola","Pallas, 1776","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.696","Citrine Wagtail","Citrine Wagtail","Citrine Wagtail",null,null,"breeds north-central Europe to north-central Siberia and northeastern China, and southward in Himalayas; winters to central Asia, Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia, and southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718379","citwag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/citwag","avibase-5B0295C1",null,null,"'In Siberia orientaliore'.",null,null,"Motacilla citreola"],["29861","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla citreola citreola","Pallas, 1776","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.696",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern and eastern Europe eastward to central Siberia, Mongolia, and northeastern China; winters to Indian subcontinent and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC71581E",null,null,"'In Siberia orientaliore'.",null,null,"Motacilla citreola"],["29862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla citreola calcarata","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19, pt.I p.190-191",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Iran to northern Afghanistan, Tibet, southern China, and Myanmar; winters to Indian subcontinent and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1E6C2D1",null,null,"no locality = Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/240/mode/1up","[Motacilla] Calcarata"],["29863","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla tschutschensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.962","Eastern Yellow Wagtail","Eastern Yellow Wagtail","Eastern Yellow Wagtail",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassy swamps, wet meadows, grassy tundra, and grassy clearings in forest, from northern Siberia eastward to northern and western Alaska, and southward to northern Mongolia, northeastern China, and Commander and Kurile Islands; migrates southward to southeastern Asia, Philippines, Greater Sundas, Indonesia, and northern Australia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103822471","eaywag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eaywag","avibase-5487B650",null,null,"coast of Chukotski Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/463/mode/1up","Motacilla tschutschensis"],["29864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla tschutschensis plexa","(Thayer & Bangs, 1914)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 5 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Siberia; winter range incompletely known, but winters in southeastern Asia, westward perhaps to India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8AB4236",null,null,"Nizhne Kolymsk, lower Kolyma, northeastern Siberia.","Notes on the birds and mammals of the Arctic coast of East Siberia. Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41611#page/49/mode/1up","Budytes flavus plexus"],["29865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla tschutschensis tschutschensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.962",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia southward to northern Mongolia, Kamchatka, and Commander and northern Kuril islands, and far northwestern North America; winters to southeastern China, islands of far southern Japan, Philippines, and southeastern Asia from Myanmar eastward to Indochina and southward to Indonesia and northern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8065D0D1",null,null,"coast of Chukotski Peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/463/mode/1up","Motacilla tschutschensis"],["29866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla tschutschensis macronyx","(Stresemann, 1920)","Avifauna Macedonica: Die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen, unternommen nach Mazedonien durch Prof. Dr. Doflein und Prof. L. Müller-Mainz in den Jahren 1917 und 1918 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Ussuriland to northeastern Mongolia and northeastern China; winters to southeastern Asia and southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48DA6CA9",null,null,"Vladivostok.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34270#page/106/mode/1up","Budytes flavus macronyx"],["29867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla tschutschensis taivana","(Swinhoe, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.334 (table)",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Siberia to Sea of Okhotsk and far northern Japan (northern Hokkaido); winters to southern Asia, Indonesia, and northern Australia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C28B85E3",null,null,"Formosa.","Catalogue of the Birds of China, with Remarks principally on their Geographical Distribution.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/416/mode/1up","Budytes taivanus"],["29868","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla aguimp","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LXVIII","African Pied Wagtail","African Pied Wagtail","African Pied Wagtail",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to montane wetlands, rivers, parks, and towns (but mostly absent from Congolian rainforest except along large rivers, eastern Somalia, and the Namib and Kalahari deserts), from Senegambia eastward to Sudan (and northward along the Nile to southern Egypt), southward to southern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718366","afpwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afpwag1","avibase-CE7D41A6",null,null,"Lower Orange River (ex Levaillant).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/80/mode/1up","Motacilla aguimp"],["29869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla aguimp vidua","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Senegal and eastern Gambia eastward to southern Mali, southern Chad, eastern Sudan, Ethiopia, and southern Somalia, southward to Angola, northern and eastern Botswana, and eastern South Africa (southward to Eastern Cape); Nile Valley of southern Egypt and northern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33437C23",null,null,"Aswan, Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/138/mode/1up","Motacilla vidua"],["29870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla aguimp aguimp","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LXVIII",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (North West and Free State westward along the Orange River to southernmost Namibia) and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-814995EA",null,null,"Lower Orange River (ex Levaillant).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127467#page/80/mode/1up","Motacilla aguimp"],["29871","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla maderaspatensis","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.961","White-browed Wagtail","White-browed Wagtail","White-browed Wagtail",null,null,"Himalayas (northern Pakistan to Bangladesh) and Peninsular India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718363","whbwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwag1","avibase-F75CF94C",null,null,"India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/462/mode/1up","Motacilla madaraspatensis"],["29872","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.185","White Wagtail","White Wagtail","White Wagtail",null,null,"widespread in lowland to montane open habitats, including seashore, river edge, farmland, short grassland, and towns, from Iceland, British Isles, and Scandinavia eastward to Siberia and western Alaska, and southward to northwestern Africa, Europe, Levant, northern Iran, northern India, southern China, and Japan; northern populations migrate to African Sahel, eastern Africa, southern and southeastern Asia, and northern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718348","whiwag","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiwag","avibase-400E032C",null,null,"Europa = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/204/mode/1up","Motacilla alba"],["29873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba yarrellii","Gould, 1837","The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology (n.s.), 1 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Britain, Ireland, and adjacent coastal western continental Europe; winters to northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34B07766",null,null,"Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19588#page/478/mode/1up","M[otacilla] Yarrellii"],["29874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba alba","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Greenland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands eastward through continental Europe to the Ural Mountains, the Caucasus, Middle East, and central Asia; winters to Africa, Arabia, and southwestern and southern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80A3185D",null,null,"Europa = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/204/mode/1up","Motacilla alba"],["29875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba subpersonata","Meade-Waldo, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"western Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24956ECB",null,null,"Wadi Moorbei, Rehamza, Morocco.","On three new species of birds from Marocco.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/283/mode/1up","Motacilla subpersonata"],["29876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba personata","Gould, 1861","The birds of Asia pl.63",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Siberia to northwestern Mongolia, northern Iran, Afghanistan, and northern India; winters in Iran and Afghanistan eastward to Bangladesh and southern Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60C6206B",null,null,"Bengal and northern parts of Hindostan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120503#page/261/mode/1up","Motacilla personata"],["29877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba baicalensis","Swinhoe, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Siberia to Mongolia and northeastern China; winters northeastern India to central Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78CA82B4",null,null,"'Eastern Asia'.","A Revised Catalogue of the Birds of China and its Islands, with Descriptions of New Species, References to former Notes, and occasional Remarks.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/459/mode/1up","Motacilla baicalensis"],["29878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba ocularis","Swinhoe, 1860","Ibis ser.1, vol.2, no.5 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Siberia and western Alaska; winters from northeastern India, China, and islands of far southern Japan, southward to Philippines, the Malayan Peninsula, and Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79C9C30A",null,null,"Amoy, China.","The Ornithology of Amoy (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35081#page/83/mode/1up","Motacilla ocularis"],["29879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba lugens","Gloger, 1829","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.771",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Russia, North Korea, and Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); winters Myanmar to southeastern China and islands of far southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C6E6012",null,null,"Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/396/mode/1up","M[otacilla] lugens"],["29880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba leucopsis","Gould, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.55 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and eastern China, Russian Far East, and Korean Peninsula; winters to northern India, eastern China, and islands of far southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD5998C2",null,null,"India.","[Description of a New Species of Wagtail from India].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/250/mode/1up","Motacilla leucopsis"],["29881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla alba alboides","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19, pt.I p.191-192",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas, southern China, northern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam; winters to northern Thailand",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3836EDE3",null,null,"no locality = Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/241/mode/1up","[Motacilla] Alboides"],["29882","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla grandis","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.492","Japanese Wagtail","Japanese Wagtail","Japanese Wagtail",null,null,"breeds Japan from Hokkaido southward to Kyushu; winters to China, Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718360","japwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japwag1","avibase-B9F2A8B6",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/510/mode/1up","Motacilla grandis"],["29883","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Motacilla samveasnae","Duckworth, Alström, Davidson et al., 2001","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 121 p.154 [154-182 pl.1,2 fig.1-6]","Mekong Wagtail","Mekong Wagtail","Mekong Wagtail",null,null,"lower Mekong delta of Cambodia and Laos",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729485","mekwag1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mekwag1","avibase-FE9D807D",null,null,"San river (‘Se San channel’ on original label), Stung Treng province,Cambodia, 13°32'28\"N, 106°04'12\"E, c.50maz.s.1., 13 February 2001. Collected by PA and JWD","Duckworth, J.W. et al., 2001. A new species of wagtail from the lower Mekong basin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123890#page/170/mode/1up","Motacilla samveasnae"],["29884","genus","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Tmetothylacus","Cabanis, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Macronix tenellus [Cabanis, 1878]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Tmetothylacus"],["29885","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Tmetothylacus tenellus","(Cabanis, 1878)","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.205","Golden Pipit","Golden Pipit","Golden Pipit",null,null,"foothill to submontane flat or undulating grassland, favoring lush grassland with tussocks, in Drakensburg of eastern South Africa and adjacent Lesotho; some downslope dispersal in austral winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718401","golpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golpip1","avibase-B9104F62",null,null,"Taita, Kenya.","[Über die Sammlungen von Vögeln, welche von den Herren J. M. Hildebrandt und dessen zeitweiligem Reisegefährten Herrn von Kalkreuth in Ost-Afrika, speciell Zanzibar, Monbassa, und weiter im Innern gemacht wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/217/mode/1up","Macronix tenellus"],["29886","genus","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Hemimacronyx","Roberts, 1922","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.258",null,null,null,"2025-0549","Taxon <em>ruficollis </em>is transferred from <em>Madanga </em>to <em>Anthus</em> (<em>Anthus ruficollis</em>) based on analysis of multilocus DNA data and morphology (Alström et al. 2015b), while taxon <em>bocagii </em>is transferred from <em>Amaurocichla </em>to <em>Motacilla </em>(as <em>Motacilla bocagii</em>) based on multilocus DNA (Alström et al. 2015b) and genome-wide (Harris et al. 2018b) genetic evidence. For reasons of taxonomic stability, taxon <em>chloris </em>is placed in <em>Hemimacronyx</em> pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data suggest that <em>chloris</em> is closely related to <em>Macronyx croceus </em>and <em>M. capensis</em> (Pietersen et al. 2019), which are embedded within <em>Anthus</em>. Similarly, taxon <em>sharpei </em>is placed in <em>Macronyx </em>instead of <em>Hemimacronyx</em>, pending further research. A comprehensive genetic review of genera <em>Anthus, Macronyx, Hemimacronyx,</em> and <em>Tmetothylacus </em>is needed.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anthus chloris [Sundevall]; type by original designation and monotypy = Anthus chloris M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1842  ",null,"Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/340/mode/1up","Hemimacronyx"],["29887","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Hemimacronyx chloris","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.13","Yellow-breasted Pipit","Yellow-breasted Pipit","Yellow-breasted Pipit","2025-0549","Taxon <em>ruficollis </em>is transferred from <em>Madanga </em>to <em>Anthus</em> (<em>Anthus ruficollis</em>) based on analysis of multilocus DNA data and morphology (Alström et al. 2015b), while taxon <em>bocagii </em>is transferred from <em>Amaurocichla </em>to <em>Motacilla </em>(as <em>Motacilla bocagii</em>) based on multilocus DNA (Alström et al. 2015b) and genome-wide (Harris et al. 2018b) genetic evidence. For reasons of taxonomic stability, taxon <em>chloris </em>is placed in <em>Hemimacronyx</em> pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data suggest that <em>chloris</em> is closely related to <em>Macronyx croceus </em>and <em>M. capensis</em> (Pietersen et al. 2019), which are embedded within <em>Anthus</em>. Similarly, taxon <em>sharpei </em>is placed in <em>Macronyx </em>instead of <em>Hemimacronyx</em>, pending further research. A comprehensive genetic review of genera <em>Anthus, Macronyx, Hemimacronyx,</em> and <em>Tmetothylacus </em>is needed.","patchy and local in submontane to montane open short grassland, often with tussocks, in highlands of western and central Kenya",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718444","yebpip2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebpip2","avibase-71F12B23",null,null,"Kaffirland = Cape Province.",null,null,"Anthus chloris"],["29888","genus","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alauda capensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation = Alauda capensis Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/372/mode/1up","Macronyx"],["29889","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx sharpei","Jackson, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.74","Sharpe's Longclaw","Sharpe's Longclaw","Sharpe's Longclaw","2025-0549","Taxon <em>ruficollis </em>is transferred from <em>Madanga </em>to <em>Anthus</em> (<em>Anthus ruficollis</em>) based on analysis of multilocus DNA data and morphology (Alström et al. 2015b), while taxon <em>bocagii </em>is transferred from <em>Amaurocichla </em>to <em>Motacilla </em>(as <em>Motacilla bocagii</em>) based on multilocus DNA (Alström et al. 2015b) and genome-wide (Harris et al. 2018b) genetic evidence. For reasons of taxonomic stability, taxon <em>chloris </em>is placed in <em>Hemimacronyx</em> pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data suggest that <em>chloris</em> is closely related to <em>Macronyx croceus </em>and <em>M. capensis</em> (Pietersen et al. 2019), which are embedded within <em>Anthus</em>. Similarly, taxon <em>sharpei </em>is placed in <em>Macronyx </em>instead of <em>Hemimacronyx</em>, pending further research. A comprehensive genetic review of genera <em>Anthus, Macronyx, Hemimacronyx,</em> and <em>Tmetothylacus </em>is needed.","patchy and local in submontane to montane open short grassland, often with tussocks, in highlands of western and central Kenya",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718436","shalon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shalon1","avibase-FED54E53",null,null,"Mau plateau.","A new species of Macronyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/560/mode/1up","Macronyx sharpei"],["29890","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.288","Cape Longclaw","Orange-throated Longclaw","Cape Longclaw",null,null,"lowland to montane shortgrass grassland and rocky Fynbos from northern Zimbabwe and nearby Mozambique southward through southeastern Botswana and eastern South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini, to coastal south and southwestern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718414","ortlon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ortlon1","avibase-CA742F9D",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/292/mode/1up","Alauda capensis"],["29891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx capensis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal belt of southwestern and southern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83DF44E3",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/292/mode/1up","Alauda capensis"],["29892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx capensis colletti","Schou, 1908","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana and Zimbabwe to Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-890444DD",null,null,"Zululand, South Africa","Macronyx capensis colletti subsp. nov.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101591#page/135/mode/1up","Macronyx capensis colletti"],["29893","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx croceus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 1 p.365","Yellow-throated Longclaw","Yellow-throated Longclaw","Yellow-throated Longclaw",null,null,"lowland to montane dry grassland, open cultivation, arid scrubby grassland, and open clearings in miombo woodland, from Senegambia and southern Mali eastward to southern Sudan, South Sudan, and western and southeastern Kenya, and southward (in the west) to northwestern Angola, and southward (in the east) through eastern Zamibia and Zimbabwe to eastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718405","yetlon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetlon1","avibase-0D9BFED1",null,null,"Java (error) = Senegal (apud Swainson).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68873#page/469/mode/1up","Alauda crocea"],["29894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx croceus croceus","(Vieillot, 1816)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 1 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegambia eastward to South Sudan, and southward to west-central Angola and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06DC2D83",null,null,"Java (error) = Senegal (apud Swainson).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68873#page/469/mode/1up","Alauda crocea"],["29895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx croceus tertius","Clancey, 1958","Ostrich 29 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal lowlands of eastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A515D78",null,null,"Hartley, Zimbabwe","The South African races of the Yellow-throated Longclaw Macronyx croceus (Vieillot).",null,"Macronyx croceus tertius"],["29896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx croceus vulturnus","Friedmann, 1930","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"central Tanzania southward through southeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FDF6116E",null,null,"Natal.","Notes on geographic variations in the genus Macronyx with description of two new races.",null,"Macronyx croceus vulturnus"],["29897","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx fuelleborni","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.39","Fülleborn's Longclaw","Fülleborn's Longclaw","Fülleborn's Longclaw",null,null,"highland grassland, dambo, and miombo from northern Angola through central Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Tanzania southward to southern Angola and Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718409","fuelon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fuelon2","avibase-14CFB78A",null,null,"Unika highlands, south Tanganyika.","Neue Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/57/mode/1up","Macronyx füllebornii"],["29898","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx fuelleborni fuelleborni","Reichenow, 1900","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland and brachystegia woodland of far southern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96F5F6C8",null,null,"Unika highlands, south Tanganyika.","Neue Forschungen in Deutsch-Ostafrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/57/mode/1up","Macronyx füllebornii"],["29899","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx fuelleborni ascensi","Salvadori, 1907","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 22, no.570 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland and brachystegia woodland of central Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C6B0CC7",null,null,"Lake Moero, Luconzolwa, Congoland","Collezione di Uccelli delle vicinanze del Lago Moero nell'Africa centrale raccolti del Dr. Ascenso.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43468#page/192/mode/1up","Macronyx ascensi"],["29900","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx flavicollis","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.102","Abyssinian Longclaw","Abyssinian Longclaw","Abyssinian Longclaw",null,null,"foothill to montane open grassland on highland plateaus in central Ethiopia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718419","abylon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abylon1","avibase-05AE5DFF",null,null,"Simen, near Entschetquab.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/182/mode/1up","Macronyx flavicollis"],["29901","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx aurantiigula","Reichenow, 1891","Journal für Ornithologie 39, no.194 p.222","Pangani Longclaw","Pangani Longclaw","Pangani Longclaw",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid grassland with acacia and bush, coastal grassland, plateau grassland, and open dry woodland, from southern Somalia southward through southeastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania; some seasonal dispersal with rains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718428","panlon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/panlon1","avibase-F774B577",null,null,"Pangani River.","[Über bisher übersehene Arten aus Ost-Afrika].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101710#page/234/mode/1up","Macronyx aurantiigula"],["29902","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx ameliae","de Tarragon, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.452","Rosy-throated Longclaw","Rosy-throated Longclaw","Rosy-throated Longclaw",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane grassland from western and central Kenya to northern Tanzania, and from eastern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and southern Tanzania southward to northern Botswana, Malawi, northwestern Mozambique, and eastern Zimbabwe, and from coastal southern Mozambique to northeastern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718423","rotlon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rotlon1","avibase-70129CB1",null,null,"Durban.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Macronyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/462/mode/1up","Macronyx ameliae"],["29903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx ameliae wintoni","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.11 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southwestern Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE37F9C4",null,null,"Kavirondo.","Diagnoses of new Species of Birds from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/476/mode/1up","Macronyx wintoni"],["29904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx ameliae altanus","Clancey, 1966","Durban Museum Novitates 7 (12) p.528",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Angola to southwestern Tanzania, northern Botswana, and northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14D94CFE",null,null,"Mayau, northern Kabompo dist., Zambia","A catalogue of birds of the South African sub-region (Part IV: Families Sylviidae - Prionopidae).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1729","Macronyx ameliae altanus"],["29905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx ameliae ameliae","de Tarragon, 1845","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 8 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Mozambique and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67B3C4D0",null,null,"Durban.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Macronyx.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19572#page/462/mode/1up","Macronyx ameliae"],["29906","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Macronyx grimwoodi","Benson, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75 p.102","Grimwood's Longclaw","Grimwood's Longclaw","Grimwood's Longclaw",null,null,"patchy in foothill moist short grassland on plains and in river valleys in southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern and central Angola, and northwestern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718432","grilon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grilon1","avibase-E05608A4",null,null,"Chitunta plain, Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia.","New Forms of Pipit, Longclaw, Robin-Chat, Grass-Warbler, Sunbird, Quail-Finch and Canary from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/148/mode/1up","Macronyx grimwoodi"],["29907","genus","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus","Bechstein, 1807","Getreue Abbildungen naturhistorischer Gegenstände in Hinsicht auf dessen gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes 7, heft 1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Alauda pratensis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Selby, 1825, Illustrations of British Ornithology, 1, p. xxix).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181887#page/16/mode/1up","Anthus"],["29908","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus sylvanus","(Hodgson, 1845)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.13, no.146 p.33","Upland Pipit","Upland Pipit","Upland Pipit",null,null,"Himalayas (eastern Afghanistan to Nepal and southeastern China)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718579","uplpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/uplpip1","avibase-E097F2EC",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known species of Birds. [Continued from p. 212, ante.].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46217#page/247/mode/1up","Heterura sylvana"],["29909","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus godlewskii","(Taczanowski, 1876)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1 p.158","Blyth's Pipit","Blyth's Pipit","Blyth's Pipit",null,null,"southern Siberia to Mongolia, China, Tibet, and northeastern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718505","blypip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blypip1","avibase-9F65782F",null,null,"steppes of the Argun River valley, southern Dauria [= Transbaicalia].","Revue critique de la faune ornithologique de la Sibérie orientale (2e article).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110342#page/168/mode/1up","Agrodoma godlewskii"],["29910","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hoeschi","Stresemann, 1938","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 46 p.149,151","Mountain Pipit","Mountain Pipit","Mountain Pipit","2026-066","The name <em>Anthus hoeschi</em> is retained for the Mountain Pipit pending further investigation. The Mountain Pipit has a complex taxonomic history (reviewed in Craig 2015) with the current treatment based on Clancey (1984) who synonymized <em>editus</em> (from Lesotho and South Africa) and <em>lwenarum</em> (from Zambia) under <em>A. hoeschi</em> (type location Namibia). Craig (2015) determined that all three populations of <em>A. hoeschi</em> are larger and darker than specimens of African Pipit <em>A. cinnamomeus</em> from the same region and that <em>editus</em> and <em>lwenarum</em> are not separable based on mensural characters. Nevertheless, Craig (2015) suggests that the population from Lesotho and South Africa be separated as <em>A. editus</em> and treated as an altitudinal migrant contra Clancey (1984) who considered Mountain Pipit to be a long distance migrant. We defer making any revisions to the Mountain Pipit pending acquisition of genetic data to clarify the taxonomic status of specimens assigned to <em>editus</em>, <em>lwenarum</em> and <em>hoeschi</em>.","submontane to montane short grassland in Drakensberg of eastern South Africa and Lesotho; migrates to eastern Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Zambia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718467","moupip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moupip1","avibase-B855F1E4",null,null,"Erongo Mt., South West Africa.","Anthus hoeschi species nova, ein neuer Pieper aus Südwest-Afrika.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_46_0149-0151.pdf","Anthus hoeschi"],["29911","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus campestris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166","Tawny Pipit","Tawny Pipit","Tawny Pipit",null,null,"breeds central and southern Europe and northwestern Africa (Morocco eastward to Tunisia) eastward to northwestern and south-central Mongolia, northwestern Kazakhstan, northern Afghanistan, and far northwestern China, also locally in Middle East; winters in sub-Saharan Africa (mainly in the Sahel), Arabian Peninsula, and southwestern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718501","tawpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tawpip1","avibase-250CDA58",null,null,"Europa = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda campestris"],["29912","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus berthelotii","Bolle, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.357","Berthelot's Pipit","Berthelot's Pipit","Berthelot's Pipit",null,null,"open areas from lowlands to high mountains of Madeira and the Canary Islands including the Selvagem Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718508","berpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/berpip1","avibase-B17CFF22",null,null,"Canaries.","Anthus Berthelotii, eine neue Pieperart.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/387/mode/1up","Anthus Berthelotii"],["29913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus berthelotii madeirensis","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.271",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira Archipelago (Madeira, Desertas, Porto Santo, and Baixo Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41EA1413",null,null,"Poizo, 4,000 ft., Madeira and Porto Santo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/345/mode/1up","Anthus berthelotii madeirensis"],["29914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus berthelotii berthelotii","Bolle, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.59 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"Selvagens and Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C172C169",null,null,"Canaries.","Anthus Berthelotii, eine neue Pieperart.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/387/mode/1up","Anthus Berthelotii"],["29915","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11 p.35","Long-billed Pipit","Long-billed Pipit",null,"2025-0547","Taxon <em>nicholsoni </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anthus similis</em> based on non-monophyly and deep divergence in mitochondrial DNA data (Finch et al. 2013; Pietersen et al. 2019). Furthermore, the two species are widely separated with the intervening habitat occupied by a related species without intergradation. However, vocalizations appear to be similar or identical and there are no compelling plumage differences. Further study of the whole <em>similis </em>group is desirable.","mountains of southwestern Mali, Guinea, and Sierra Leone to western Himalayas, southwestern India, and central Myanmar",null,null,null,"lobpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobpip1","avibase-ECFF22D2",null,null,"Jalna, Nilgiri Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/51/mode/1up","Agrodoma similis"],["29916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis asbenaicus","Rothschild, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sahara in central and eastern Mali and central Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E85F8A9",null,null,"Mt. Baguezane, Asben (Aïr).","Exhibition and descriptions of two new birds discovered by Captain Angus Buchanan in Asben (Air), Central Sahara.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/63/mode/1up","Anthus sordidus asbenaicus"],["29917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis bannermani","Bates, 1930","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 51 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, northern Liberia, to western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E3E0327",null,null,"Birwa Peak, Sierra Leone.","Descriptions of twelve new birds from West Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125341#page/80/mode/1up","Anthus bannermani"],["29918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis captus","Hartert, 1905","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Palestine, and western Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-432E1605",null,null,"Wadi Zerka, Jordan Valley.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/343/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys captus"],["29919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis jebelmarrae","Lynes, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western and central Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89D237AE",null,null,"Jebel Marra, Darfur.","Exhibition and description of species and subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/46/mode/1up","Anthus sordidus jebelmarrae"],["29920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis nivescens","Reichenow, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Egypt (Gebel Elba), and from hills of Red Sea coast in northeastern Sudan and Eritrea southward to mountains in eastern Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0173A3C9",null,null,"Kismayu.","Beschreibung neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/193/mode/1up","Anthus nivescens"],["29921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis hararensis","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea, Ethiopia, far southeastern South Sudan, far northeastern Uganda (Kidepo NP), and far northern Kenya border areas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58CCB96B",null,null,"Abu Bekr near Harar.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/249/mode/1up","Anthus nicholsoni hararensis"],["29922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis chyuluensis","Van Someren, 1939","The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14 (1-2) p.57",null,null,null,"2026-063","AviList 2025 recognized 15 subspecies in the <em>Anthus similis</em> complex based on IOC v11.2. We accept the existing classification, with <em>A. s. chyuluensis</em> and <em>A. s. moco</em> as distinct subspecies, based on their wide acceptance, and additionally recognise <em>A. s. travancoriensis</em> as distinct from <em>A. s. similis</em> based on prior recognition and subtle plumage differences. A thorough integrative revision of the entire <em>A. similis</em> complex is needed.","northeastern Uganda (Karamoja region) and northern Kenya southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28BE1D24",null,null,"Chyulu Hills, Kenya.","The Birds of the Chyulu Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206396#page/78/mode/1up","Anthus similis chyuluensis"],["29923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis dewittei","Chapin, 1937","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 29 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C012C52A",null,null,"Kasiki, 2,200 meters, Marungu district.","The Pipits of the Belgian Congo.",null,"Anthus similis dewittei"],["29924","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis moco","Traylor, 1962","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 82, no.4 p.77",null,null,null,"2026-063","AviList 2025 recognized 15 subspecies in the <em>Anthus similis</em> complex based on IOC v11.2. We accept the existing classification, with <em>A. s. chyuluensis</em> and <em>A. s. moco</em> as distinct subspecies, based on their wide acceptance, and additionally recognise <em>A. s. travancoriensis</em> as distinct from <em>A. s. similis</em> based on prior recognition and subtle plumage differences. A thorough integrative revision of the entire <em>A. similis</em> complex is needed.","montane central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-695EE164",null,null,"Summit of Mt. Moco, Huambo, Angola","A new Pipit from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126998#page/97/mode/1up","Anthus similis moco"],["29925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis arabicus","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern, southern, and southeastern Arabian Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F91A78F",null,null,"Menakha, Yemen.","A few notes on the Birds of Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/519/mode/1up","Anthus sordidus arabicus"],["29926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis sokotrae","Hartert, 1917","Novitates Zoologicae 24, no.3 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"Socotra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2387AB04",null,null,"Alilo Pass, Socotra.","A few notes on the Birds of Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22361#page/519/mode/1up","Anthus sordidus sokotrae"],["29927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis decaptus","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iran (Zagros Mountains) eastward to western Pakistan (Baluchistan); winters southward to northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D122102",null,null,"Rud-i-Taman, Persian Baluchistan.","Descriptions of new subspecies from various localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/53/mode/1up","Anthus sordidus decaptus"],["29928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis jerdoni","Finsch, 1870","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 7, pt.4 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Afghanistan eastward in Himalayas to western Nepal; winters southward to north-central India and Bangladesh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BF2A13D",null,null,"Kotgarh, northern Punjab.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91122#page/299/mode/1up","Anthus jerdoni"],["29929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis similis","(Jerdon, 1840)","Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11 p.35",null,null,null,"2026-063","AviList 2025 recognized 15 subspecies in the <em>Anthus similis</em> complex based on IOC v11.2. We accept the existing classification, with <em>A. s. chyuluensis</em> and <em>A. s. moco</em> as distinct subspecies, based on their wide acceptance, and additionally recognise <em>A. s. travancoriensis</em> as distinct from <em>A. s. similis</em> based on prior recognition and subtle plumage differences. A thorough integrative revision of the entire <em>A. similis</em> complex is needed.","Peninsular India (Bombay to Karnataka and western Tamil Nadu, in Nilgiri and Palani hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B487B02",null,null,"Jalna, Nilgiri Hills.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176570#page/51/mode/1up","Agrodoma similis"],["29930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis travancoriensis","Ripley, 1953","Postilla 17 p.2-3",null,null,null,"2026-063","AviList 2025 recognized 15 subspecies in the <em>Anthus similis</em> complex based on IOC v11.2. We accept the existing classification, with <em>A. s. chyuluensis</em> and <em>A. s. moco</em> as distinct subspecies, based on their wide acceptance, and additionally recognise <em>A. s. travancoriensis</em> as distinct from <em>A. s. similis</em> based on prior recognition and subtle plumage differences. A thorough integrative revision of the entire <em>A. similis</em> complex is needed.","southwestern India (Kerala–western Tamil Nadu border, from Palni Hills southward to Ashambu Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB8340C",null,null,"Muthukuzhi, 4,500 ft., Ashambu Hills, Travancore-Cochin State, southern India.","Notes on Indian birds. V.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/192/mode/1up","Anthus similis travancoriensis"],["29931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus similis yamethini","Hall, 1957","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.6 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"central Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9F2C2B4",null,null,"Aingo, Yamethin District, Central Burma.","A new race of the Long-billed Rock Pipit, Anthus similis, from Burma.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/140/mode/1up","Anthus similis yamethini"],["29932","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus vaalensis","Shelley, 1900","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 2 p.311","Buffy Pipit","Buffy Pipit","Buffy Pipit",null,null,"lowland grassland and overgrazed or burnt clearings from western Angola eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Tanzania, southward through Zambia and Malawi to Namibia, Botswana, and eastern South Africa and adjacent Mozambique (but not southern Namibia and western South Africa); some post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718489","bufpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufpip1","avibase-3BC778CE",null,null,"Newcastle, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/327/mode/1up","Anthus vaalensis"],["29933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus vaalensis chobiensis","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Namibia to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Tanzania, northern Botswana, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2ED5A75",null,null,"Kabulabula.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Meganthus vaalensis chobiensis"],["29934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus vaalensis neumanni","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68EA948A",null,null,"Ambaca, Angola",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/53/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys neumanni"],["29935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus vaalensis namibicus","Clancey, 1990","Cimbebasia no.11[\"1989\"] p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern and central Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5165E6E6",null,null,"Airfield at Karibib, western Damaraland, Namibia","Taxonomic and distributional findings on some birds from Namibia.",null,"Anthus vaalensis namibicus"],["29936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus vaalensis exasperatus","Winterbottom, 1963","Annals of the South African Museum 46 pt13 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"salt pans of northeastern Botswana; wanders to western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-861756D2",null,null,"Bulawayo, Rhodesia [=Zimbabwe]","The South African subspecies of the Buffy Pipit, Anthus vaalensis Shelley.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127021#page/436/mode/1up","Anthus vaalensis exasperatus"],["29937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus vaalensis vaalensis","Shelley, 1900","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 2 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Botswana to southern Mozambique, South Africa, and western Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3AAB59C",null,null,"Newcastle, Natal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/327/mode/1up","Anthus vaalensis"],["29938","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nyassae","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.233","Wood Pipit","Woodland Pipit","Woodland Pipit",null,null,"lowland and foothill broadleaf woodland, wooded savanna, and miombo from southeastern Gabon and southern Republic of the Congo, eastward through southern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Tanzania, and southward to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and nearby Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821482","woopip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woopip1","avibase-C21A0347",null,null,"between Sangesi and Songea, southern Tanganyika.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/249/mode/1up","Anthus nicholsoni nyassae"],["29939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nyassae schoutedeni","Chapin, 1937","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 29 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon and southern Republic of Congo to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3568B6D8",null,null,"Kwamouth, Belgian Congo.","The Pipits of the Belgian Congo.",null,"Anthus similis schoutedeni"],["29940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nyassae nyassae","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"Zambia to southern Tanzania, Malawi, and northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82D7DD29",null,null,"between Sangesi and Songea, southern Tanganyika.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/249/mode/1up","Anthus nicholsoni nyassae"],["29941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nyassae chersophilus","Clancey, 1989","Cimbebasia 10(1988) p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Namibia and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AA8D3D2",null,null,"near Andara, Okavango River, Kavango, northeastern Namibia","The Wood Pipit - a species new to the South West African avifauna.",null,"Anthus nyassae chersophilus"],["29942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nyassae frondicolus","Clancey, 1964","Durban Museum Novitates 7, no.7 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe and adjacent southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFECF2C8",null,null,"Charama Plateau, c. 15 W. of Gokwe, north western Southern Rhodesia. 22 July, 1964 [=Zimbabwe]","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 22. 3. On the South African races of the Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis Jerdon.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1803","Anthus similis frondicolus"],["29943","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nicholsoni","Sharpe, 1884","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2 p.536","Nicholson's Pipit","Nicholson's Pipit",null,"2025-0547","Taxon <em>nicholsoni </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anthus similis</em> based on non-monophyly and deep divergence in mitochondrial DNA data (Finch et al. 2013; Pietersen et al. 2019). Furthermore, the two species are widely separated with the intervening habitat occupied by a related species without intergradation. However, vocalizations appear to be similar or identical and there are no compelling plumage differences. Further study of the whole <em>similis </em>group is desirable.","lowland to montane arid veld, stony scrub, or rocky woodland from southwest Angola and western Namibia to southeastern Botswana and southern Zimbabwe (except Kalahari Desert), and southward to South Africa (eastward to Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal), plus Lesotho and Eswatini",null,null,null,"lobpip7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobpip7","avibase-3A1FA0A7",null,null,"Sigonell, Vaal River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/596/mode/1up","Anthus nicholsoni"],["29944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nicholsoni palliditinctus","Clancey, 1956","Durban Museum Novitates 4 (17) p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35F44333",null,null,"Zesfontein, Kaokoveld, South West Africa.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 7. The South African races of the Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis Jerdon.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1949","Anthus similis palliditinctus"],["29945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nicholsoni leucocraspedon","Reichenow, 1915","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southern Namibia and southwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A95FCABA",null,null,"Windhuk.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/165/mode/1up","Anthus leucocraspedon"],["29946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nicholsoni nicholsoni","Sharpe, 1884","The birds of South Africa. New edition ed.2 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana and northeastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9FA1EAE",null,null,"Sigonell, Vaal River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49443#page/596/mode/1up","Anthus nicholsoni"],["29947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nicholsoni petricolus","Clancey, 1956","Durban Museum Novitates 4 (17) p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesotho and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8124E82F",null,null,"Mamathes, Basutoland.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 7. Three new races of birds from the massif of Basutoland.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1949","Anthus similis petricolus"],["29948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nicholsoni primarius","Clancey, 1990","Durban Museum Novitates 15 pt? p.54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (southern Western Cape to northern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A47630D7",null,null,"Pitseng Pass at ca. 1767 m asl, northeast Cape/Transkei border, South Africa","A review of the indigenous pipits (Genus Anthus Bechstein: Motacillidae) of the Afrotropics.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1940","Anthus similis primarius"],["29949","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.799","New Zealand Pipit","New Zealand Pipit",null,"2025-0546","Taxon <em>australis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em> (polytypic) on the basis of differences in size, wing-tip structure, and plumage as detailed by Schodde &amp; Mason (1999). However, genetic divergence and vocal differences, if any, have yet to be elucidated and further work is needed to confirm this split.","New Zealand including subantarctic islands",null,null,null,"auspip3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auspip3","avibase-74C96ABE",null,null,"Queen Charlotte's Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/300/mode/1up","Alauda novae Seelandiae"],["29950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.799",null,null,null,null,null,"North, South, and Stewart islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5CF8C6F",null,null,"Queen Charlotte's Sound, South Island, New Zealand.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/300/mode/1up","Alauda novae Seelandiae"],["29951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus novaeseelandiae chathamensis","Lorenz von Liburnau, 1902","Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 17 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"Chatham Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AA49F62",null,null,"Chatham Islands.","Zur Ornis Neuseelands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27657#page/343/mode/1up","Anthus novaezealandiae chathamensis"],["29952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus novaeseelandiae aucklandicus","Gray, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4, no.15 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"Auckland and Campbell islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BECF224B",null,null,"Auckland Islands.","A List of the Birds of New Zealand and the adjacent Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/260/mode/1up","Anthus aucklandicus"],["29953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus novaeseelandiae steindachneri","Reischek, 1889","Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 21 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,"Antipodes Islands (New Zealand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B059240",null,null,"Antipodes Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22740#page/478/mode/1up","Anthus steindachneri"],["29954","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus australis","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.501","Australian Pipit","Australian Pipit",null,"2025-0546","Taxon <em>australis </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em> (polytypic) on the basis of differences in size, wing-tip structure, and plumage as detailed by Schodde &amp; Mason (1999). However, genetic divergence and vocal differences, if any, have yet to be elucidated and further work is needed to confirm this split.","Australia including Tasmania, and montane eastern New Guinea",null,null,null,"auspip2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/auspip2","avibase-E353F8BD",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/523/mode/1up","Anthus australis"],["29955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus australis exiguus","Greenway, 1935","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 14 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland of central New Guinea (Mount Hagen to upper Watut River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D4C76A4",null,null,"Wau, Morobe district, northeastern New Guinea.","Birds from the coastal range between the Markham and the Waria rivers, northeastern New Guinea.",null,"Anthus australis exiguus"],["29956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus australis rogersi","Mathews, 1913","The Austral Avian Record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna 1, no.8 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Australia (northeastern Kimberley region, northern Western Australia, to western Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53321D3B",null,null,"Melville Island.","Additions and corrections to my reference list.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104096#page/233/mode/1up","Anthus australis rogersi"],["29957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus australis bilbali","Mathews, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 18, no.3 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Australia (southwestern Australia, southern Eyre Peninsula, Mount Lofty Range, and Kangaroo Island, off South Australia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0242F1AD",null,null,"Wilson's Inlet, South-West Australia.","A reference-list to the birds of Australia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/448/mode/1up","Anthus australis bilbali"],["29958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus australis australis","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.501",null,null,null,null,null,"Australia (except tropical coast, southwest, South Australian peninsulas, and Tasmania)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE8012D0",null,null,"Sydney, New South Wales.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/523/mode/1up","Anthus australis"],["29959","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus australis bistriatus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Tasmania and King and Flinders islands (Bass Strait)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B05E62B",null,null,"Tasmania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/328/mode/1up","Agrodroma bistriata"],["29960","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus pallidiventris","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.560","Long-legged Pipit","Long-legged Pipit","Long-legged Pipit",null,null,"lowland grassland and forest clearings from southern Cameroon to northwest Angola and eastward through Gabon, southern Central African Republic, and Republic of the Congo to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; locally nomadic in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718493","lolpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lolpip1","avibase-1DD0949C",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/578/mode/1up","Anthus pallidiventris"],["29961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus pallidiventris pallidiventris","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.560",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea to Gabon and northwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66F3F4E0",null,null,"Gaboon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/578/mode/1up","Anthus pallidiventris"],["29962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus pallidiventris esobe","Chapin, 1937","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 29 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"central Democratic Republic of the Congo (upper Congo River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39EB9023",null,null,"Eala near Coquilhatville and Lukolela = Lukolela.","The Pipits of the Belgian Congo.",null,"Anthus pallidiventris esobe"],["29963","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus melindae","Shelley, 1900","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 2 p.305","Malindi Pipit","Malindi Pipit","Malindi Pipit",null,null,"coastal lowland grassland and dunes from southern Somali to coastal southeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718497","malpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/malpip1","avibase-D8A51184",null,null,"Melinda, Kenya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/321/mode/1up","Anthus melindae"],["29964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus melindae mallablensis","Colston, 1987","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 107 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia (northeast of Mogadishu in Mallable region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93178B96",null,null,"Mallable, 30 km northeast of Mogadishu [Somalia]","A new name for Anthus melindae pallidus Colston (1982).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/124/mode/1up","Anthus melindae mallablensis"],["29965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus melindae melindae","Shelley, 1900","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 2 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Somalia and southeastern Kenya (southward to Mombasa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-498A051A",null,null,"Melinda, Kenya.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/321/mode/1up","Anthus melindae"],["29966","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.502","Plain-backed Pipit","Plain-backed Pipit","Plain-backed Pipit",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland and foothill lightly-wooded savanna, brushy grassland, and floodplains from southern Mauritania and Senegambia to southeastern Sudan, Eritrea, and Somalia southward to South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718485","plbpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plbpip1","avibase-ECC3F122",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/524/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys"],["29967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys ansorgei","White, 1948","Ibis vol.90, no.4 p.549",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mauritania to Senegambia and Guinea-Bissau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8335B705",null,null,"Bissao, Portuguese Guinea.","The African Plain-backed Pipits - a Case of Sibling Species.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1948.tb01716.x","Anthus leucophrys ansorgei"],["29968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys gouldii","Fraser, 1843","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.121 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Leone to Liberia and Ivory Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD56365E",null,null,"Cape Palmas, Liberia.","Exhibition and description of a new species of Bat, belonging to the genus Rhinolophus, and four new species of Birds from Western Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/395/mode/1up","Anthus gouldii"],["29969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys zenkeri","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mali and Guinea to southwestern Sudan and South Sudan southward to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-855B07D2",null,null,"Jaunde, Cameroons.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/251/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys zenkeri"],["29970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys saphiroi","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-138A1972",null,null,"Balassira, near Harar.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/251/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys saphiroi"],["29971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys goodsoni","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southwestern Kenya to far northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C36F7C5",null,null,"Nakuru, Kenya.","Descriptions of new subspecies from various localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/53/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys goodsoni"],["29972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys omoensis","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan, eastern South Sudan, Eritrea, and northern and western Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFB2C7CA",null,null,"Ergino valley, between Gofa and Doko, Ethiopia.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/250/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys omoensis"],["29973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys bohndorffi","Neumann, 1906","Journal für Ornithologie 54, no.2 p.236",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southeastern Gabon, Zambia, northern Malawi, and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4219DF32",null,null,"Kasongo, Belgian Congo.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Athiopien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104732#page/252/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys bohndorffi"],["29974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys leucophrys","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"Mozambique to Eswatini, Lesotho, and South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05D19E48",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/524/mode/1up","Anthus leucophrys"],["29975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus leucophrys tephridorsus","Clancey, 1967","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (10) p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to southwestern Zambia, northeastern Namibia, and northwestern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6275B3CB",null,null,"Kazungula Ranch, 45 miles W of Victoria Falls, North-Western Rhodesia [=Zimbabwe]","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 25. Formal descriptions of four new races of African birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1839","Anthus leucophrys tephridorsus"],["29976","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.103","African Pipit","African Pipit","African Pipit",null,null,"widespread sub-Saharan Africa in lowland to montane grassland, savanna, and farmland (but absent from west Africa and Congolian rainforest), from southeastern Nigeria eastward through southern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, to northern Somalia, plus southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and southward to southern Africa; southern populations migrate northward in non-breeding season, also some downslope movement",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821565","afrpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrpip1","avibase-0D7CC717",null,null,"Sim en [Ethiopia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/183/mode/1up","Anthus cinnamomeus"],["29977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus lynesi","Bannerman & Bates, 1926","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.4 p.802",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nigeria to Cameroon and western Sudan (Darfur)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-904A4BE2",null,null,"east of Bamenda, 5,000 feet, Cameroons.","On some Birds of Adamawa and New Cameroon : an Answer to some Criticisms and Remarks on New Forms recently described by Dr. Hermann Grote.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb05636.x","Anthus rufulus lynesi"],["29978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus camaroonensis","Shelley, 1900","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 2 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon (mounts Cameroon and Manenguba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29A6C2E1",null,null,"Cameroon Mt.","On behalf of Mr. Boyd Alexander, on new species from the Peak of Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49552#page/337/mode/1up","Anthus rufulus camaroonensis"],["29979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus stabilis","Clancey, 1986","Le Gerfaut 76, no.3 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Sudan and eastern South Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F14225BD",null,null,"Renk, White Nile, Sudan, at 11 47'N, 32 49'E","Subspeciation in the pipit Anthus cinnamomeus Rüppell of the Afrotropics.","https://web.archive.org/web/20220615125339/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/clancey-1987.pdf","Anthus cinnamomeus stabilis"],["29980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western and southeastern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5445F71B",null,null,"Sim en [Ethiopia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/183/mode/1up","Anthus cinnamomeus"],["29981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus eximius","Clancey, 1986","Le Gerfaut 76, no.3 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"Yemen",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-854153E8",null,null,"San'a, North Yemen. 6 September, 1913 by G.W. Bury.","Subspeciation in the pipit Anthus cinnamomeus Rüppell of the Afrotropics.","https://web.archive.org/web/20220615125339/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/clancey-1987.pdf","Anthus cinnamomeus eximius"],["29982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus annae","Meinertzhagen, 1921","Ibis ser.11, vol.3, no.4 p.656",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea to Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, eastern Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64459502",null,null,"Lake Magago, British Somaliland.","Notes on some Birds from the Near East and from Tropical East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270008#page/748/mode/1up","Anthus richardi annae"],["29983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus itombwensis","Prigogine, 1981","Le Gerfaut 71 p.565",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Itombwe highlands and Mount Kabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABB2832C",null,null,"Kilumba, Itombwe Mountains, southeastern Zaire [=Democratic Republic of Congo]","Prigogine, A. The status of Anthus latistriatus Jackson, and the description of a new subspecies of Anthus cinnamomeus from Itombwe.",null,"Anthus cinnamomeus itombwensis"],["29984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus lacuum","Meinertzhagen, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to southeastern Uganda and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6120D626",null,null,"Lake Naivasha, Kenya.","Descriptions of new subspecies from various localities.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/52/mode/1up","Anthus richardi lacuum"],["29985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus winterbottomi","Clancey, 1985","Ostrich 56 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Zambia, southern Tanzania, northern Malawi, and northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6259D88",null,null,"Mafinga Mountains, 32 km. south of Fort Hill, Zambia/Malawi frontier","Species limits in the long-billed pipits of the southern Afrotropics.",null,"Anthus latistriatus winterbottomi"],["29986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus lichenya","Vincent, 1933","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 53 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Angola to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, western Tanzania, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD532494",null,null,"Mlanje Mt., Nyasaland.","Descriptions of four new species and eighteen new subspecies collected during the recent Portuguese East African Expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125340#page/169/mode/1up","Anthus richardi lichenya"],["29987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus spurium","Clancey, 1951","Annals of the Natal Museum 12 pt1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Namibia to northern Botswana, southern Malawi, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E027919",null,null,"Mzimbiti = Dondo, Sofala, southern Mozambique",null,null,"Anthus richardi spurium"],["29988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus bocagii","Nicholson, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola to Botswana, Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, and northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02FF0500",null,null,"Humbe, Angola.","[Letter from The Grove, Oldfield, Altricham, August 11th, 1884].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/525/mode/1up","Anthus bocagii"],["29989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus grotei","Niethammer, 1957","Journal für Ornithologie 98, no.4 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"salt pans of northern Namibia and northern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3F14378",null,null,"Onguma, SW Afrika [Namibia]","Die hellen Vogelrassen des Etoscha-Gebietes  (SW-Afrika)","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671692","Anthus richardi grotei"],["29990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus rufuloides","Roberts, 1936","Ostrich 7 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa (except northwestern), Eswatini, and Lesotho lowlands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6B12DCF",null,null,"Grahamstown, Cape Province. To replace Anthus raaltenii auct. not Layard, 1867, which is indeterminate.","Classification of South African Birds. Description of some new subspecies and a necessary change of name.",null,"Anthus richardi rufuloides"],["29991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cinnamomeus latistriatus","Jackson, 1899","Ibis ser.7, vol.5, no.20 p.628",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; winters to southwestern Uganda, northwestern Tanzania, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94DF8A02",null,null,"Kavirondo (a melanic aberration).","List of Birds obtained in British East Africa. Part I. With Notes by R. B. Sharpe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36067#page/690/mode/1up","Anthus latistriatus"],["29992","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus richardi","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.491","Richard's Pipit","Richard's Pipit","Richard's Pipit",null,null,"lowland to foothill grassland, open steppe, paddyfields, cultivation, and marsh edge, from southwestern Siberia and eastern Kazakhstan eastward to Ussuriland (Russia), and southward to northwestern and southeastern China; migrates to southern and southeastern Asia, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103821389","ricpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ricpip1","avibase-41ECD10E",null,null,"France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/513/mode/1up","Anthus Richardi"],["29993","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rufulus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.494","Paddyfield Pipit","Paddyfield Pipit","Paddyfield Pipit",null,null,"lowland to submontane open country, short grassland, paddyfields, cultivation, and wetland edge, from Afghanistan and Pakistan eastward to south-central China and northern Vietnam, and southward to Sri Lanka, Philippines, Greater Sundas, Sulawesi, and Lesser Sundas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718477","oripip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oripip1","avibase-57A0C80B",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/516/mode/1up","Anthus rufulus"],["29994","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rufulus rufulus","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.494",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Afghanistan through India and Sri Lanka, eastward to southern China and southward to Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6808DFFA",null,null,"Bengal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/516/mode/1up","Anthus rufulus"],["29995","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rufulus malayensis","Eyton, 1839","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.7, no.78 p.104-105",null,null,null,null,null,"Malayan Peninsula, Greater Sundas, and southern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C913B7FD",null,null,"Malacca.","Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/634/mode/1up","Anthus malayensis"],["29996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rufulus lugubris","(Walden, 1875)","Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 9, pt.2 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Philippines including Palawan; possibly also northern Borneo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E4BFEF8",null,null,"Guimaras, Philippine Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96891#page/250/mode/1up","Corydalla lugubris"],["29997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rufulus albidus","Stresemann, 1912","Novitates Zoologicae 19, no.2 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Sulawesi, Bali, and western Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Sumba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33B40F7D",null,null,"South Flores.","Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22249#page/336/mode/1up","Anthus richardi albidus"],["29998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rufulus medius","Wallace, 1864","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.3 p.488-489",null,null,null,null,null,"Sawu to Sermata (central to eastern Lesser Sundas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9BFA29B",null,null,"Timor (restricted type locality) and Lombok.","A List of the Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores, and Lombock, with Descriptions of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/588/mode/1up","Anthus medius"],["29999","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus lineiventris","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.100","Striped Pipit","Striped Pipit","Striped Pipit",null,null,"Rwanda and southern Kenya southward to eastern South Africa; disjunctly western Angola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718448","strpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strpip1","avibase-C69E0E28",null,null,"Limpopo River. Type from Mohapoani Berg.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/110/mode/1up","Anthus lineiventris"],["30000","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus crenatus","Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.275","African Rock Pipit","Yellow-tufted Pipit","Yellow-tufted Pipit",null,null,"foothill to montane steep rocky scree slopes, alpine grassland with boulders or shrub, and grassy Karoo, in South Africa and Lesotho",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718452","yetpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetpip1","avibase-56CB3F84",null,null,"near Cape Town.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/297/mode/1up","Anthus crenatus"],["30001","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus sokokensis","Van Someren, 1921","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.124","Sokoke Pipit","Sokoke Pipit","Sokoke Pipit",null,null,"local in lowland coastal forest and undisturbed miombo woodland in southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718542","sokpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sokpip1","avibase-19489268",null,null,"Sokoke forest, Kenya.","On behalf of Dr. V. G. L. van Someren, descriptions of new East African species and subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/154/mode/1up","Anthus sokokensis"],["30002","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus brachyurus","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.100 ? yr","Short-tailed Pipit","Short-tailed Pipit","Short-tailed Pipit",null,null,"disjunctly in short open grassland, mostly foothill to montane, from southeastern Gabon to northeastern Angola eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Uganda, thence southward through northwestern Zambia and central Mozambique to eastern South Africa and southern Mozambique; may be erratic or nomadic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718532","shtpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtpip1","avibase-E6629C69",null,null,"near Durban.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/110/mode/1up","Anthus brachyurus"],["30003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus brachyurus leggei","Ogilvie-Grant, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Gabon to Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, and Zambia to eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF3E5C71",null,null,"Mokia, Ruwenzori.","Description of new species from Mount Ruwenzori.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/450/mode/1up","Anthus leggei"],["30004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus brachyurus brachyurus","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.100 ? yr",null,null,null,null,null,"grassland of southern Mozambique and eastern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC9252A5",null,null,"near Durban.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/110/mode/1up","Anthus brachyurus"],["30005","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus caffer","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.100 ? yr","Bushveld Pipit","Bush Pipit","Bush Pipit",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland to montane bush savanna, open woodland, and miombo from southern Ethiopia and central Kenya to northern Tanzania, and western Angola through Zambia to northwest Malawi and southward through Zimbabwe to far eastern Botswana and eastern South Africa, plus adjacent Eswatini and Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718536","buspip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buspip1","avibase-4C7B3D81",null,null,"Limpopo River; type from Mohapoani Berg.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/110/mode/1up","Anthus caffer"],["30006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus caffer australoabyssinicus","Benson, 1942","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 63 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of far southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CF8365A",null,null,"Yavello, 4,500 feet, southern Abyssinia.","A new Species and Ten new Races from Southern Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125660#page/36/mode/1up","Anthus caffer australoabyssinicus"],["30007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus caffer blayneyi","Van Someren, 1919","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Kenya and Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADE23552",null,null,"Olgerei, Kenya.","Exhibition and description of new birds from Uganda and British East Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/324/mode/1up","Anthus blayneyi"],["30008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus caffer mzimbaensis","Benson, 1955","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 75, no.8 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Zambia to northeastern Botswana, Zimbabwe plateau, and western Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-766A4496",null,null,"Mzimba, Nyasaland.","New Forms of Pipit, Longclaw, Robin-Chat, Grass-Warbler, Sunbird, Quail-Finch and Canary from Central Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125673#page/148/mode/1up","Anthus caffer mzimbaensis"],["30009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus caffer caffer","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.100 ? yr",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, southwestern Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa, and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B43CB2D6",null,null,"Limpopo River; type from Mohapoani Berg.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/110/mode/1up","Anthus caffer"],["30010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus caffer traylori","Clancey, 1964","The birds of Natal and Zululand p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (eastern Limpopo and northeastern KwaZulu-Natal), eastern Eswatini, and far southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D37E292",null,null,"Bela Vista, Maputo, southern Mozambique.",null,null,"Anthus caffer traylori"],["30011","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus spragueii","(Audubon, 1844)","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.334, pl.486","Sprague's Pipit","Sprague's Pipit","Sprague's Pipit",null,null,"breeds prairies and plains of North America; winters to southern Mexico",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718591","sprpip","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sprpip","avibase-BF380B5D",null,null,"near Fort Union, upper Missouri, North Dakota.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/476/mode/1up","Alauda spragueii"],["30012","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus chii","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.490","Yellowish Pipit","Yellowish Pipit","Yellowish Pipit",null,null,"disjunctly in varied grasslands including open fields with short grass, in western and central Panama, from the llanos of central Colombia eastward to the Guianas, almost throughout Brazil (except western Amazonas and western Acre) westward to far southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios), and southward to east-central Argentina (La Pampa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103820643","yelpip2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelpip2","avibase-5CAA1EA8",null,null,"Paraguay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/512/mode/1up","Anthus chii"],["30013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus chii parvus","Lawrence, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-584148F7",null,null,"savannah near Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/114/mode/1up","Anthus (Notiocorys) parvus"],["30014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus chii chii","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.490",null,null,null,null,null,"savanna of eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D80F88F",null,null,"Paraguay",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/512/mode/1up","Anthus chii"],["30015","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus furcatus","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.27","Short-billed Pipit","Short-billed Pipit","Short-billed Pipit","2025-0548","Taxon <em>brevirostris </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anthus furcatus</em> based on differences in vocalizations, habitat, and genetics (van Els &amp; Norambuena 2018; van Els et al. 2019; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020).","far southeastern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232638510","shbpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbpip1","avibase-5F1CEF93",null,null,"Patagonia = Carmen, Río Negro, fide Hellmayr.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/143/mode/1up","Anthus furcatus"],["30016","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus brevirostris","Taczanowski, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.507","Puna Pipit","Puna Pipit","Puna Pipit","2025-0548","Taxon <em>brevirostris </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anthus furcatus</em> based on differences in vocalizations, habitat, and genetics (van Els &amp; Norambuena 2018; van Els et al. 2019; Pearman &amp; Areta 2020).","puna of Andes of Peru and Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232638555","shbpip3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbpip3","avibase-19455D26",null,null,"Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/665/mode/1up","Anthus brevirostris"],["30017","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus peruvianus","Nicholson, 1878","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.390","Peruvian Pipit","Peruvian Pipit","Peruvian Pipit",null,null,"coastal northern Peru (Lambayeque) to far northern Chile (Tacna)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103820648","yelpip3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelpip3","avibase-3FAE5E4B",null,null,"Catarindos Valley and Islay = Catarindos Valley near Islay, Arequipa, Peru, fide Hellmayr.","On an apparently new species of American Pipit","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/470/mode/1up","Anthus peruvianus"],["30018","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus chacoensis","Zimmer, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.31","Pampas Pipit","Pampas Pipit","Pampas Pipit",null,null,"locally in Chaco of eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718606","chapip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chapip1","avibase-4E83271D",null,null,"Avia Terai, Chaco, Argentina.","A new species of pipit from Argentina and Paraguay.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/227/mode/1up","Anthus chii chacoensis"],["30019","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hellmayri","Hartert, 1909","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.165","Hellmayr's Pipit","Hellmayr's Pipit","Hellmayr's Pipit",null,null,"disjunctly in varied open grassland habitats from paramo and puna to rocky fields in the Andes of southeastern Peru (Ayacucho and Puno) southward to south-central Chile and southern Argentina (Santa Cruz; breeding only), sierras of Cordoba and San Luis (north-central Argentina), and southeastern Brazil from central Minas Gerais southward to eastern Paraguay and east-central Argentina (Rio Negro); southern populations winter to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718597","helpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/helpip1","avibase-D46D5344",null,null,"Tucumán (450 m)= Río Sail, Tucumán.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/185/mode/1up","Anthus hellmayri"],["30020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hellmayri hellmayri","Hartert, 1909","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Puno) to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-231AC54D",null,null,"Tucumán (450 m)= Río Sail, Tucumán.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/185/mode/1up","Anthus hellmayri"],["30021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hellmayri dabbenei","Hellmayr, 1921","El Hornero 2, no.3 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Argentina (western Neuquén to northwestern Santa Cruz) and adjacent Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E0E45FE",null,null,"Río Traful, Neuquen, western Argentina.","Remarques sur les espèces néotropicales du genre Anthus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108172#page/229/mode/1up","Anthus hellmayri dabbenei"],["30022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hellmayri brasilianus","Hellmayr, 1921","El Hornero 2, no.3 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) to Uruguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAF2D2ED",null,null,"Campos do Itatiaya, Rio de Janeiro.","Remarques sur les espèces néotropicales du genre Anthus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108172#page/228/mode/1up","Anthus hellmayri brasilianus"],["30023","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus bogotensis","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.291 p.109, pl.101","Paramo Pipit","Paramo Pipit","Paramo Pipit",null,null,"disjunctly in arid and grassy paramo and puna grassland in the Andes from western Venezuela southward in the central and eastern Andes of Colombia to northern Bolivia (to Cochabamba), and southern Bolivia (Tarija) southward to northwestern Argentina (sparsely to Catamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718600","parpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parpip1","avibase-5FC6B003",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/905/mode/1up","Anthus bogotensis"],["30024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus bogotensis meridae","Zimmer, 1953","American Museum Novitates no.1649 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Mérida, Táchira, and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40D01488",null,null,"Escorial, 2,500 meters, near Mérida, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 65, The jays (Corvidae) and pipits (Motacillidae).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4927/","Anthus bogotensis meridae"],["30025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus bogotensis bogotensis","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.291 p.109, pl.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes in western Venezuela (Páramo de Tamá, southern Táchira), central and eastern Andes of Colombia, east slope of the Andes in Ecuador, and Andes of northern Peru (southward to Ancash, presumably this subspecies)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4B41729",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/905/mode/1up","Anthus bogotensis"],["30026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus bogotensis immaculatus","Cory, 1916","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes from northern Peru (central Amazonas) southward to Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6F47C4B",null,null,"mountains east of Balsas, 10,000 feet, Amazonas, Peru.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/17/mode/1up","Anthus bogotensis immaculatus"],["30027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus bogotensis shiptoni","(Chubb, 1923)","El Hornero 3, no.1 p.34-35, pl. 1, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Tucumán); records from Bolivia (northward to La Paz) may be of austral migrants, although possibly resident in south (Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9811C321",null,null,"Aconquija, 13,000 ft., Tucumán.","Description of two new birds from N. W. Argentina.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/107","Notiocorys bogotensis shiptoni"],["30028","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nattereri","Sclater, 1878","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.7 p.366 pl.x","Ochre-breasted Pipit","Ochre-breasted Pipit","Ochre-breasted Pipit",null,null,"locally in southeastern Brazil, southeastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718611","ocbpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbpip1","avibase-28F81C1C",null,null,"Rio Verde, São Paulo, Brazil.","Preliminary Remarks on the Neotropical Pipits.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/408/mode/1up","Anthus nattereri"],["30029","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus antarcticus","Cabanis, 1884","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.166 p.254","South Georgia Pipit","South Georgia Pipit","South Georgia Pipit",null,null,"grassland of South Georgia Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718588","sogpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sogpip1","avibase-AAA4D21C",null,null,"South Georgia.","[Über einen Pieper, der von der Deutschen Südpolarexpedition in Süd-Georgien durch Dr. v. Steinen gesammelt ist].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/266/mode/1up","Anthus antarcticus"],["30030","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus correndera","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.491","Correndera Pipit","Correndera Pipit","Correndera Pipit",null,null,"dry puna grassland, bogs and wetland edges, and Patagonian steppe from the Andes of central Peru (Ancash), locally in southeastern Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil (Santa Catarina), southward to far southern Chile and Argentina and the Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718585","corpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corpip1","avibase-0E627EF1",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/513/mode/1up","Anthus correndera"],["30031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus correndera calcaratus","Taczanowski, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.507",null,null,null,null,null,"arid páramo of Peru (Junín, Cusco, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D7CCEDD",null,null,"Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/665/mode/1up","Anthus calcaratus"],["30032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus correndera correndera","Vieillot, 1818","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 26 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil to Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F34DBC63",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60126#page/513/mode/1up","Anthus correndera"],["30033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus correndera catamarcae","Hellmayr, 1921","El Hornero 2, no.3 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"páramo of Bolivia (Potosí) to northern Chile and far northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CA463DE",null,null,"Lago Colorado, 3,400 meters, Catamarca, Argentina.","Remarques sur les espèces néotropicales du genre Anthus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108172#page/224/mode/1up","Anthus correndera catamarcae"],["30034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus correndera chilensis","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile and southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FEE764F",null,null,"Chile.","Description de treize oiseaux nouveaux, suivies de rectifications sur quelques espèces déjà publiées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/109/mode/1up","Corydalla chilensis"],["30035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus correndera grayi","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE09404D",null,null,"ex. Oceania",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/395/mode/1up","Anthus grayi"],["30036","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus gustavi","Swinhoe, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.90","Pechora Pipit","Pechora Pipit","Pechora Pipit",null,null,"lowland tundra scrub and swampy taiga from northern Russia eastward to eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, and Commander Islands, and southward to northeastern China and adjacent Ussuriland; migrates to Philippines, Borneo, and Wallacea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718553","pecpip","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pecpip","avibase-9DC4CC54",null,null,"Amoy.","On New and little-known Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/138/mode/1up","Anthus gustavi"],["30037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus gustavi gustavi","Swinhoe, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Russia from west of the Urals eastward to the Kamchatka Peninsula and Commander Islands; winters mainly Phillipines and eastern Indonesia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6E9B98B",null,null,"Amoy.","On New and little-known Birds from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/138/mode/1up","Anthus gustavi"],["30038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus gustavi menzbieri","Shulpin, 1928","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes 28 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Russian Far East and far northeastern China; winters in Philippines",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A62C5A6D",null,null,"mouth of the Lefu River, Lake Khanka, Ussuriland.","Données nouvelles concernant la distribution géographique des oiseaux dans la région d'Oussouri du Sud et la description de quelques sous-espèces nouvelles.",null,"Anthus gustavi menzbieri"],["30039","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus ruficollis","(Rothschild & Hartert, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.118","Madanga","Madanga","Madanga","2025-0549","Taxon <em>ruficollis </em>is transferred from <em>Madanga </em>to <em>Anthus</em> (<em>Anthus ruficollis</em>) based on analysis of multilocus DNA data and morphology (Alström et al. 2015b), while taxon <em>bocagii </em>is transferred from <em>Amaurocichla </em>to <em>Motacilla </em>(as <em>Motacilla bocagii</em>) based on multilocus DNA (Alström et al. 2015b) and genome-wide (Harris et al. 2018b) genetic evidence. For reasons of taxonomic stability, taxon <em>chloris </em>is placed in <em>Hemimacronyx</em> pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data suggest that <em>chloris</em> is closely related to <em>Macronyx croceus </em>and <em>M. capensis</em> (Pietersen et al. 2019), which are embedded within <em>Anthus</em>. Similarly, taxon <em>sharpei </em>is placed in <em>Macronyx </em>instead of <em>Hemimacronyx</em>, pending further research. A comprehensive genetic review of genera <em>Anthus, Macronyx, Hemimacronyx,</em> and <em>Tmetothylacus </em>is needed.","montane Buru (southern Moluccas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22714290","rtweye1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtweye1","avibase-BF2ABEE9",null,null,"Wa Fehat, 2,700 ft., Buru.","Exhibition and description of a new genus and species from Buru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/524/mode/1up","Madanga ruficollis"],["30040","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus gutturalis","De Vis, 1894","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.103","Alpine Pipit","Alpine Pipit","Alpine Pipit",null,null,"montane New Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718614","alppip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alppip1","avibase-183DFD8A",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=33","Anthus gutturalis"],["30041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus gutturalis gutturalis","De Vis, 1894","Annual Report on British New Guinea from 1st July, 1893 to 30th June 1894 with Appendices App.EE p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"high alpine grassland of southeastern New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9267063",null,null,"Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.",null,"https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1894-95No26p71-136.pdf#page=33","Anthus gutturalis"],["30042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus gutturalis wollastoni","Ogilvie-Grant, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"high alpine grassland of west-central to northeastern (Huon Peninsula) New Guinea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C152BDBF",null,null,"Utakwa River (8,000 feet), Snow Mountains.","Descriptions of new birds from the Utakwa River, S.W. New Guinea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/133/mode/1up","Anthus wollastoni"],["30043","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus nilghiriensis","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.550","Nilgiri Pipit","Nilgiri Pipit","Nilgiri Pipit",null,null,"montane grassland of southwestern India (western Tamil Nadu and Kerala)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718582","nilpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nilpip1","avibase-9E5537A4",null,null,"Nilghiri Hills, southern India.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/568/mode/1up","Anthus nilghiriensis"],["30044","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus trivialis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166","Tree Pipit","Tree Pipit","Tree Pipit",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland, woodland edge, and grassland with scrub or scattered trees, from Britain and Scandinavia eastward to central Siberia, and southward to southern Europe, Caucasus, northern Pakistan through Kashmir; winters to sub-Saharan Africa and southern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718546","trepip","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trepip","avibase-365F5E97",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda trivialis"],["30045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus trivialis trivialis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Europe eastward to northern Iran, Siberia, and northwestern China; winters in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA565BD2",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda trivialis"],["30046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus trivialis haringtoni","Witherby, 1917","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 37 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Himalayas (northern Pakistan to Kashmir); winters in Indian subcontinent",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD017477",null,null,"Gittidas, Kaghan Valley, Hazara, North West Frontier Province.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Tree-Pipit from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100962#page/368/mode/1up","Anthus trivialis haringtoni"],["30047","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hodgsoni","Richmond, 1907","Publication Carnegie Institution no.54 1 pt2 p.493","Olive-backed Pipit","Olive-backed Pipit","Olive-backed Pipit",null,null,"lowland to montane taiga edge, rocky ground in open forest, scrub above treeline, and scrub with isolated trees, from northwestern Russia eastward to Kamchatka and northern Japan (Hokkaido), and southward through central China to Himalayas from Kashmir eastward to south-central China; migrates to southern India, southeastern China (including Hainan), and Taiwan, and to southeastern Asia, Borneo, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718550","olbpip","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbpip","avibase-25F7AF65",null,null,"Bengal' [heavily streaked birds in winter, fide Jerdon].","Report on Zoology. [Research in China].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/296522#page/175/mode/1up","Anthus hodgsoni"],["30048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hodgsoni hodgsoni","Richmond, 1907","Publication Carnegie Institution no.54 1 pt2 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas (eastward from northwestern India) eastward to central China (southern Tibet, and from northeastern Qinghai, southern Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi southward to Sichuan and Yunnan), also North Korea and Japan (southward in mountains to Kyushu); winters in southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDFEDBE2",null,null,"Bengal' [heavily streaked birds in winter, fide Jerdon].","Report on Zoology. [Research in China].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/296522#page/175/mode/1up","Anthus hodgsoni"],["30049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus hodgsoni yunnanensis","Uchida & Kuroda, 1916","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 9 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Russia (from west of middle Pechora River, southwestern Siberia and northeastern Altai) eastward to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Kuril Islands, southward to northern Mongolia, northeastern China (southward at least to Liaoning), and Japan (Hokkaido); winters in southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E5D4016",null,null,"Mengtz, southern Yunnan.","Some new additions to the avifauna of Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151938#page/144/mode/1up","Anthus maculatus yunnanensis"],["30050","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus cervinus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.511","Red-throated Pipit","Red-throated Pipit","Red-throated Pipit",null,null,"breeds tundra of northern Palearctic and northwestern Alaska; winters to Africa, Indonesia, and Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718560","retpip","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/retpip","avibase-319D044A",null,null,"Kolyma (fide Stresemann, 1948).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/543/mode/1up","Motacilla cervina"],["30051","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus roseatus","Blyth, 1847","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.437","Rosy Pipit","Rosy Pipit","Rosy Pipit",null,null,"breeds eastern Afghanistan to southeastern Tibet and southwestern China; winters to southeastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718564","rospip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rospip1","avibase-6137BE25",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/493/mode/1up","Anthus roseatus"],["30052","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus japonicus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1847","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.59, pl.24","Siberian Pipit","Siberian Pipit",null,"2025-1137","Taxon <em>japonicus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anthus rubescens</em> based on differences in plumage and bare parts coloration, mitochondrial DNA divergence, and subtle differences in call notes (Doniol-Valcroze et al. 2023). Further research of these two species in their contact zone would be informative.","breeds northern to eastern Russia in southeastern Taymyr Peninsula, western Siberian Plateau, and from eastward of Lena River, Yakutsk region, and Lake Baikal eastward to Chukotskiy Peninsula, Commander Islands, Sakhalin, and Kuril Islands; winters from central Japan and Korean Peninsula to southern and southeastern continental Asia",null,null,null,"sibpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibpip1","avibase-CEF9CA9D",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/69/mode/1up","Anthus pratensis japonicus"],["30053","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rubescens","(Tunstall, 1771)","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.2","American Pipit","American Pipit",null,"2025-1137","Taxon <em>japonicus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Anthus rubescens</em> based on differences in plumage and bare parts coloration, mitochondrial DNA divergence, and subtle differences in call notes (Doniol-Valcroze et al. 2023). Further research of these two species in their contact zone would be informative.","breeds northern Alaska including Aleutians through northeastern Canada and western Greenland, and southward through mountains of western North America to Arizona and New Mexico; winters to south-central Mexico and Florida",null,null,null,"amepip","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amepip","avibase-CDA2E56B",null,null,"Pennsylvania. Ex Pennant's Brit. Zool., p. 239, based on 'The Lark from Pensilvania' of Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 2, p. 185, pl. 297.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49445#page/12/mode/1up","Alauda Rubescens"],["30054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rubescens rubescens","(Tunstall, 1771)","Ornithologia Britannica: seu avium omnium Britannicarum tam terrestrium, quam aquaticarum catalogus (etc.) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from the Aleutian Islands eastward through northern Canada and western Greenland, and southward along the Cascades and Rocky Mountains to Oregon and southwestern Alberta; winters Arizona and western Texas southward to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDF93EF5",null,null,"Pennsylvania. Ex Pennant's Brit. Zool., p. 239, based on 'The Lark from Pensilvania' of Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 2, p. 185, pl. 297.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49445#page/12/mode/1up","Alauda Rubescens"],["30055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus rubescens alticola","Todd, 1935","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 48, no.16 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Rocky Mountains from Montana southward to east-central Arizona and northern New Mexico and in the Sierra Nevada of California; winters in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A4E4E6C",null,null,"Estes Park, Colorado.","Geographical variation in the American Titlark.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107520#page/90/mode/1up","Anthus rubescens alticola"],["30056","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus pratensis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166","Meadow Pipit","Meadow Pipit","Meadow Pipit",null,null,"breeds Iceland and Faroe Islands through western and northern Europe eastward to western Russia; winters to northern Africa and central Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718556","meapip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meapip1","avibase-14873249",null,null,"in Europae pratis = Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda pratensis"],["30057","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus petrosus","(Montagu, 1798)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4 p.41","European Rock Pipit","Rock Pipit","Rock Pipit",null,null,"lowland rocky coastal shore, and islands with low vegetation, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to northwestern Russia; migrates to coastal western Europe and northwestern Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718567","rocpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocpip1","avibase-E1CBB1C2",null,null,"coast of Wales.","III. Descriptions of three rare Species of British Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13714#page/50/mode/1up","Alauda petrosa"],["30058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus petrosus petrosus","(Montagu, 1798)","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Faroe Islands, British Isles, and western France",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BA28084",null,null,"coast of Wales.","III. Descriptions of three rare Species of British Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13714#page/50/mode/1up","Alauda petrosa"],["30059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus petrosus littoralis","Brehm, 1823","Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Europäischen Vögel 1 p.239",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Fennoscandia and northwestern Russia; winters to southern Spain and northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A9692A4",null,null,"Oehe Island, Schleiraiinde, Baltic Sea.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=0sA_Sc_o6I0C&pg=PA239&q=Anthus%20petrosus%20littoralis#v=onepage&f=false","Anthus littoralis"],["30060","species","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus spinoletta","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166","Water Pipit","Water Pipit","Water Pipit",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane alpine meadows, short grassland, and rocky scree with thickets, from mountains of central and southern Europe eastward to eastern Kazakhstan and Mongolia, and southward to Caucasus, northern Iran, and northwestern and central China; most migrate to western Europe, northwestern Africa, Middle East, Pakistan, and southern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718571","watpip1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watpip1","avibase-0A3FA185",null,null,"Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda Spinoletta"],["30061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus spinoletta spinoletta","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southwestern Europe (Iberia to Balkans and northwestern Türkiye)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56C9EDEE",null,null,"Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/185/mode/1up","Alauda Spinoletta"],["30062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus spinoletta coutellii","Audouin, 1826","Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1 [1826-1829], 23 p.360, pl. 5, fig. 5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Türkiye to Caucasus, northern Iran, and Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-971874C7",null,null,"Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128879#page/831/mode/1up","Anthus Coutellii"],["30063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Motacillidae","Wagtails and Pipits","Anthus spinoletta blakistoni","Swinhoe, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.1 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan to Transbaikalia and Nan Shan Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7B92F8C",null,null,"banks of the Yangtse River, 150 miles inland [China]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/138/mode/1up","Anthus blakistoni"],["30064","family","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringillidae",null,null,"Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Finches, Euphonias, and Allies","Finches",null,null,null,null,null,null,"fringi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fringi1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["30065","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla coelebs [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Fringilla"],["30066","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla montifringilla","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179","Brambling","Brambling","Brambling",null,null,"breeds northern Europe eastward to eastern Russia (Chukotka), southward to northeastern Kazakhstan, Altai, Tuva, southern Lake Baikal, Russian Far East (southward to Amurland, Sakhalin, and Kamchatka); winters to southern Europe, northern Africa, Middle East, and southwestern, central, and eastern Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720041","brambl","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brambl","avibase-E16B2C03",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Fringilla montifringilla"],["30067","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla teydea","Barker-Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1836","Histoire naturelle des Îles Canaries 2 pt2 Zool. Orn. p.20 pl.1","Tenerife Blue Chaffinch","Tenerife Blue Chaffinch","Tenerife Blue Chaffinch",null,null,"Tenerife (Canary Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103822567","blucha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blucha2","avibase-A338CC4F",null,null,"Tenerife.","Ornithologie canarienne","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128816#page/42/mode/1up","Fringilla teydea"],["30068","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla polatzeki","Hartert, 1905","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 13 p.164","Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch","Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch","Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch",null,null,"Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103822640","blucha3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blucha3","avibase-EE6907BB",null,null,"Gran Canaria.","Eine neue subspecies von Fringilla teydea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101391#page/178/mode/1up","Fringilla teydea polatzeki"],["30069","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla spodiogenys","Bonaparte, 1841","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.146-147","African Chaffinch","African Chaffinch",null,"2025-0712","Five species are recognized in the <em>Fringilla coelebs</em> complex based on genomic DNA data (Recuerda et al. 2021), in conjunction with differences in plumage, biometrics and vocalizations: <em>F. spodiogenys</em> (polytypic, including <em>africana</em> and hart<em>e</em>rti); <em>F. moreletti </em>(monotypic); <em>F. maderensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>F. canariensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>palmae</em>, <em>ombriosa </em>and <em>bakeri</em>); and polytypic <em>F. coelebs</em> (all remaining subspecies).","lowland to foothill woodland from western Morocco to northern Tunisia and northwest Libya, and in coastal northeastern Libya",null,null,null,"afrcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrcha1","avibase-9C8662BB",null,null,"Sfax, Tunisia.","Note sur deux Oiseaux nouveaux du Musée de Marseille.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/154/mode/1up","Fringilla spodiogenys"],["30070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla spodiogenys africana","Levaillant, 1850","Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. Atlas Hist.Nat.Ois. Atlas pl.7, fig. 1, 1a",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Africa (Morocco to northwestern Tunisia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-376882CE",null,null,"la Algeria.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175182#page/481/mode/1up","Fringilla africana"],["30071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla spodiogenys harterti","Svensson, 2015","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 135, no.1 p.71 [69-76]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1201F675",null,null,"Al Marj (‘Merg') c.85 km north-east of Benghazi and c.18 km from the coast, in north-east Libya","A new North African subspecies of Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252648#page/73/mode/1up","Fringilla coelebs harterti"],["30072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla spodiogenys spodiogenys","Bonaparte, 1841","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.146-147",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tunisia and northwestern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-540721BA",null,null,"Sfax, Tunisia.","Note sur deux Oiseaux nouveaux du Musée de Marseille.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/154/mode/1up","Fringilla spodiogenys"],["30073","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179","Eurasian Chaffinch","Common Chaffinch",null,"2025-0712","Five species are recognized in the <em>Fringilla coelebs</em> complex based on genomic DNA data (Recuerda et al. 2021), in conjunction with differences in plumage, biometrics and vocalizations: <em>F. spodiogenys</em> (polytypic, including <em>africana</em> and hart<em>e</em>rti); <em>F. moreletti </em>(monotypic); <em>F. maderensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>F. canariensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>palmae</em>, <em>ombriosa </em>and <em>bakeri</em>); and polytypic <em>F. coelebs</em> (all remaining subspecies).","breeds British Isles, Scandinavia, and Iberian Peninsula eastward to south-central Siberia and northern Iran; northern populations winter to south",null,null,null,"comcha","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcha","avibase-6364E4A5",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Fringilla coelebs"],["30074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs gengleri","Kleinschmidt, 1909","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 5, no.1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles, Orkneys, and Outer Hebrides",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB6E962A",null,null,"Hampstead, England.","Fringilla caelebs gengleri form. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85172#page/25/mode/1up","Fringilla caelebs gengleri"],["30075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs coelebs","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"continental Europe and Balearic Islands to Siberia and Türkiye; winters to Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A6ABC07",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Fringilla coelebs"],["30076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs solomkoi","Menzbier & Sushkin, 1913","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 21 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF85938F",null,null,"Ai Petri Mountain, southern Crimea.","Fringilla coelebs solomkoi n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35514#page/208/mode/1up","Fringilla coelebs solomkoi"],["30077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs sarda","Rapine, 1925","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 9, 17ème Année, no.200 p.333, pl.",null,null,null,null,null,"Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D2F705F",null,null,"Sardinia.","Une sous-espèce nouvelle de Fringilla coelebs.","https://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/digitalCollections/viewerpopup.aspx?seid=MNHN_RFORN_1925_T009_N200","Fringilla coelebs sarda"],["30078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs syriaca","Harrison, 1945","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Cyprus and Levant",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D62BE2E6",null,null,"Becharres, Lebanon.","Three new Races of Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus from the Mediterranean Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/29/mode/1up","Fringilla coelebs syriaca"],["30079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs alexandrovi","Zarudny, 1916","Izvestiya Turkestanskogo Otdela Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 12 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-029D0994",null,null,"Astrabad [= Gurgan] , northern Iran.",null,null,"Fringilla coelebs alexandrovi"],["30080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla coelebs transcaspia","Zarudny, 1916","Izvestiya Turkestanskogo Otdela Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 12 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran (southern Transcaspia in Kopet Dagh and Khorasan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C5B1C82",null,null,"Kopet Dagh, Transcaspia.",null,null,"F[ringilla] coelebs transcaspius"],["30081","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla moreletti","Pucheran, 1859","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.11 p.412, pl. 16","Azores Chaffinch","Azores Chaffinch",null,"2025-0712","Five species are recognized in the <em>Fringilla coelebs</em> complex based on genomic DNA data (Recuerda et al. 2021), in conjunction with differences in plumage, biometrics and vocalizations: <em>F. spodiogenys</em> (polytypic, including <em>africana</em> and hart<em>e</em>rti); <em>F. moreletti </em>(monotypic); <em>F. maderensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>F. canariensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>palmae</em>, <em>ombriosa </em>and <em>bakeri</em>); and polytypic <em>F. coelebs</em> (all remaining subspecies).","Azores",null,null,null,"comcha16","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcha16","avibase-D77B121C",null,null,"Azores.","Observations sur deux espèces de Passereaux originaires des Açores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48711#page/416/mode/1up","Fringilla moreletti"],["30082","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla maderensis","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.175-176","Madeira Chaffinch","Madeira Chaffinch",null,"2025-0712","Five species are recognized in the <em>Fringilla coelebs</em> complex based on genomic DNA data (Recuerda et al. 2021), in conjunction with differences in plumage, biometrics and vocalizations: <em>F. spodiogenys</em> (polytypic, including <em>africana</em> and hart<em>e</em>rti); <em>F. moreletti </em>(monotypic); <em>F. maderensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>F. canariensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>palmae</em>, <em>ombriosa </em>and <em>bakeri</em>); and polytypic <em>F. coelebs</em> (all remaining subspecies).","Madeira",null,null,null,"comcha17","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcha17","avibase-3F80A0BC",null,null,"Madeira.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/195/mode/1up","Fringilla maderensis"],["30083","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla canariensis","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.232","Canary Islands Chaffinch","Canary Islands Chaffinch",null,"2025-0712","Five species are recognized in the <em>Fringilla coelebs</em> complex based on genomic DNA data (Recuerda et al. 2021), in conjunction with differences in plumage, biometrics and vocalizations: <em>F. spodiogenys</em> (polytypic, including <em>africana</em> and hart<em>e</em>rti); <em>F. moreletti </em>(monotypic); <em>F. maderensis</em> (monotypic); and <em>F. canariensis </em>(polytypic, including <em>palmae</em>, <em>ombriosa </em>and <em>bakeri</em>); and polytypic <em>F. coelebs</em> (all remaining subspecies).","woodland habitats of La Palma and El Hierro eastward to Gran Canaria (western and central Canary Islands)",null,null,null,"caicha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caicha1","avibase-1E2D705D",null,null,"Tenerife.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/248/mode/1up","Fringilla canariensis"],["30084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla canariensis canariensis","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"La Gomera and Tenerife (central Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CC803F0",null,null,"Tenerife.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/248/mode/1up","Fringilla canariensis"],["30085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla canariensis bakeri","Illera, Rando, Rodriguez-Exposito et al., 2018","Journal of Avian Biology 49(12) p.",null,null,null,null,null,"Gran Canaria (central Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93082E9D",null,null,"Fontanales (Gran Canaria Island, Canary Islands) collected by Michael D. Dennison 5 May 1985","Acoustic, genetic, and morphological analyses of the Canarian common chaffinch complex Fringilla coelebs ssp. reveals cryptic diversification","https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01885","Fringilla coelebs bakeri"],["30086","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla canariensis ombriosa","Hartert, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"El Hierro (southwestern Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A34E0F0",null,null,"Hierro.","Exhibition and description of five new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/116/mode/1up","Fringilla coelebs ombriosa"],["30087","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Fringilla canariensis palmae","Tristram, 1889","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.3, no.18 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"La Palma (northwestern Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-305F7CDF",null,null,"La Palma.","LX. On a new Species of Chaffinch.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53339#page/503/mode/1up","Fringilla palmae"],["30088","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia","Bonaparte, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.137",null,null,null,"2025-1141","Taxa <em>elegantissima, musica, flavifrons, sclateri</em>, and <em>cyanocephala </em>are placed in <em>Chlorophonia </em>rather than <em>Euphonia </em>based on genetic evidence. Nuclear, multilocus, and genomic DNA data (Zuccon et al. 2012; Imfeld et al. 2020; Vázquez-López et al. 2024) all recovered <em>Euphonia </em>as paraphyletic with respect to <em>Chlorophonia</em>. We recognize an expanded <em>Chlorophonia </em>rather than separating these five species in <em>Cyanophonia </em>as proposed by Imfeld et al. (2020).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra viridis [Vieillot, 1819]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 74). = Pipra cyanea Thunberg, 1822",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/147/mode/1up","Chlorophonia"],["30089","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia elegantissima","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.112","Elegant Euphonia","Elegant Euphonia","Elegant Euphonia",null,null,"forest and edge in hills and mountains from southeastern Sonora and southwestern Chihuahua in the west and central Nuevo León in the east (northern Mexico) southward through Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula) through central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722734","eleeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eleeup1","avibase-35A15369",null,null,"Mexico.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/284/mode/1up","Pipra elegantissima"],["30090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia elegantissima rileyi","(Van Rossem, 1942)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora and northeastern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72A7456B",null,null,"San Francisco Canon, extreme southeastern Sonora, Mexico, May 29, 1937 ; collected by A. J. van Rossem",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28521#page/406/mode/1up","Tanagra elegantissima rileyi"],["30091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia elegantissima elegantissima","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico (southern Sinaloa and southwestern Tamaulipas) to northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-973A5327",null,null,"Mexico.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/284/mode/1up","Pipra elegantissima"],["30092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia elegantissima vincens","(Hartert, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Guatemala to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1AB3347",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.","Exhibition and description of five new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/115/mode/1up","Euphonia elegantissima vincens"],["30093","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanocephala","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.165","Golden-rumped Euphonia","Golden-rumped Euphonia","Golden-rumped Euphonia",null,null,"disjunctly in mistletoe-rich humid to dry forest, woodland, and scrub from the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Sucre) and (formerly) Trinidad (where likely extirpated), tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima), locally in Suriname and French Guiana, the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, and Andes from western Venezuela southward to northwestern Argentina (Tucumán), and the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado regions of eastern Brazil (from Pernambuco) southward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and northern Uruguay (reaching Argentina and Uruguay mainly in winter), and very local in eastern Pará (north-central Brazil)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722741","goreup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goreup1","avibase-852ECDA2",null,null,"Île de la Trinité [=Trinidad Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/175/mode/1up","Pipra cyanocephala"],["30094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanocephala pelzelni","(Sclater, 1886)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 11 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED7497C4",null,null,"Govinda, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34361#page/85/mode/1up","[Euphonia nigricollis] subsp. pelzelni"],["30095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanocephala insignis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.521 pl.52 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Ecuador (Azuay and Loya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A262517",null,null,"Jina [= Jima] , Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/189/mode/1up","Euphonia insignis"],["30096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanocephala cyanocephala","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 19 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"montane regions of Venezuela eastward to the Guianas and formerly Trinidad (where extirpated); Andes southward, primarily on east slope, to northwestern Argentina; and northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB15325E",null,null,"Île de la Trinité [=Trinidad Island]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60117#page/175/mode/1up","Pipra cyanocephala"],["30097","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia flavifrons","(Sparrman, 1789)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc. 2 pl.92","Lesser Antillean Euphonia","Lesser Antillean Euphonia","Lesser Antillean Euphonia",null,null,"Lesser Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103868436","anteup4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anteup4","avibase-3A3120CE",null,null,"St. Bartholomew, cf . Sundevall, 1869, Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 583.",null,null,"Emberiza flavifrons"],["30098","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia musica","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.1004","Hispaniolan Euphonia","Hispaniolan Euphonia","Hispaniolan Euphonia",null,null,"Hispaniola including Gonâve",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103868399","anteup2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anteup2","avibase-1BF6597F",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/505/mode/1up","Pipra musica"],["30099","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia sclateri","(Sclater, 1854)","Tanagrarum Catalogus Specificus p.16","Puerto Rican Euphonia","Puerto Rican Euphonia","Puerto Rican Euphonia",null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103868426","anteup3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/anteup3","avibase-DF48C724",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,null,"Cyanophonia sclateri"],["30100","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.89, pl.75 fig.2","Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia","Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia","Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia",null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia–Venezuela border), and Andes of western Venezuela (from Trujillo) southward to Colombia (Norte de Santander; locally in western and central ranges), Ecuador (southward on western slope to Pichincha, and on eastern slope locally to Loja), and on eastern slope southward to Peru (on Piura–Cajamarca border, and locally from Amazonas to Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722784","chbchl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbchl1","avibase-6538B254",null,null,"Columbia? [= Bogotá, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 12].","Synopsis of the genus Euphonia, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/337/mode/1up","Euphonia pyrrhophrys"],["30101","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea","(Thunberg, 1822)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 8 p.284 pl.8 fig.1","Blue-naped Chlorophonia","Blue-naped Chlorophonia","Blue-naped Chlorophonia",null,null,"disjunctly in montane and foothill cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula), the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, the tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Roraima), and the Andes from western Venezuela southward in all Andes of Colombia, and eastern Andes of Ecuador to far northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, rare), and the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from southern Bahia southward to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and far southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722781","blnchl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blnchl1","avibase-AB545C67",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43683#page/358/mode/1up","Pipra cyanea"],["30102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea psittacina","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0731E977",null,null,"La Concepcion, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, 3,000 feet altitude.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/96/mode/1up","Chlorophonia frontalis psittacina"],["30103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea frontalis","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón and Lara eastward to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2937969B",null,null,"Ecuador ; type from Caracas, Venezuela, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 10.","Synopsis of the genus Euphonia, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/337/mode/1up","Euphonia frontalis"],["30104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea minuscula","Hellmayr, 1922","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.6 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Monagas, and Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FDBB6C1",null,null,"mountains near Cumana, Bermúdez [=Sucre], NE Venezuela.","Vier neue Formen aus Sudamerikanischen Avifauna.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/58/mode/1up","Chlorophonia frontalis minuscula"],["30105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea roraimae","Salvin & Godman, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolívar) eastward to Guyana, and in mountains of far northwestern Brazil (Rio Padauirí, on Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E967516",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela, fide Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12, no. 75, p. 309.","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/496/mode/1up","Chlorophonia roraimae"],["30106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea intensa","Zimmer, 1943","American Museum Novitates no.1225 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Colombia (Caldas and Valle)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D48E4299",null,null,"Primavera, western Colombia ; altitude 1,700 meters.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 45. The genera Tersina, Chlorophonia, Tanagra, Tanagrella, Chlorochrysa and Pipraeidea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3797/","Chlorophonia cyanea intensa"],["30107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea longipennis","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from western Venezuela (southward from southern Lara) and Sierra de Perijá (Colombia–Venezuela border), generally through Colombian ranges (except west slope of western Andes), Ecuador, and Peru to Bolivia (to Cochabamba and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CE00195",null,null,"Antioquia, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/171/mode/1up","Euphonia longipennis"],["30108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia cyanea cyanea","(Thunberg, 1822)","Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 8 p.284 pl.8 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) and northeastern Argentina (Misiones); partial migrant, reaching Uruguay and Argentina mainly in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B312454B",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43683#page/358/mode/1up","Pipra cyanea"],["30109","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia flavirostris","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.129","Yellow-collared Chlorophonia","Yellow-collared Chlorophonia","Yellow-collared Chlorophonia",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Panama (Darién), southwestern Colombia, and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722778","yecchl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecchl1","avibase-C6D30C38",null,null,"Ecuador. 2","Characters of some New Species of American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/193/mode/1up","Chlorophonia flavirostris"],["30110","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia occipitalis","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.3 pl.14","Blue-crowned Chlorophonia","Blue-crowned Chlorophonia","Blue-crowned Chlorophonia",null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722787","blcchl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcchl1","avibase-6BB566A5",null,null,"Le Mexique.",null,null,"Euphonia occipitalis"],["30111","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorophonia callophrys","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.331","Golden-browed Chlorophonia","Golden-browed Chlorophonia","Golden-browed Chlorophonia",null,null,"montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722790","gobchl1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobchl1","avibase-5288BFA0",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/343/mode/1up","Triglyphidia callophrys"],["30112","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia","Desmarest, 1806","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.10 tablepl.27",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Euphonia olivacea [Desmarest, 1806]; type by monotypy = Euphonia minuta Cabanis, 1849  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208835#page/111/mode/1up","Euphonia"],["30113","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia saturata","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.336","Orange-crowned Euphonia","Orange-crowned Euphonia","Orange-crowned Euphonia",null,null,"Colombia on both slopes of western Andes (southward from southern Chocó and Risaralda), western Ecuador, and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722715","orceup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orceup1","avibase-692B43A6",null,null,"Neu-Granada [= Colombia] .","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/348/mode/1up","Phonasca saturata"],["30114","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia jamaica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.323","Jamaican Euphonia","Jamaican Euphonia","Jamaican Euphonia",null,null,"woodland and scrub of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722694","jameup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jameup1","avibase-2F99B3B8",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/327/mode/1up","Fringilla Jamaica"],["30115","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia plumbea","Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.156","Plumbeous Euphonia","Plumbeous Euphonia","Plumbeous Euphonia",null,null,"southern Venezuela to Guyana, Suriname, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722697","plueup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plueup1","avibase-7E786B68",null,null,"la Nouvelle-Grenade ; error, British Guiana substituted by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 462.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/172/mode/1up","Euphonia plumbea"],["30116","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chlorotica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.317","Purple-throated Euphonia","Purple-throated Euphonia","Purple-throated Euphonia",null,null,"disjunctly in varied dry to humid forest, woodland, and scrub habitats, including river islands, from llanos of eastern Colombia eastward in tepui region to Guyana and far northern Brazil, from eastern French Guiana and northeastern Brazil (Amapá) westward along the Amazon River to northeastern Peru, in eastern and interior Brazil southward to north-central Argentina (to San Luis and Entre Ríos), far southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and northern Uruguay, and in the Marañón Valley of far southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722706","puteup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puteup1","avibase-71C90D9E",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/321/mode/1up","Tanagra chlorotica"],["30117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chlorotica cynophora","(Oberholser, 1918)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and far northern Brazil (northern Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7A8E4C4",null,null,"Quiribana de Caicara, Río Orinoco, Venezuela",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/164/mode/1up","Tanagra aurea cynophora"],["30118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chlorotica chlorotica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"Guianas to northeastern Brazil (eastern and southern Amapá, and south of the Amazon River from Rio Tapajós eastward through northern Mato Grosso, Goiás, and Minas Gerais to Bahia and Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4C1CC81",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/321/mode/1up","Tanagra chlorotica"],["30119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chlorotica amazonica","Parkes, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian Brazil on both banks of the Amazon River eastward from southeastern Colombia and far northeastern Peru to north-central Brazil (Rio Tapajós, at Santarém)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFE2B95F",null,null,"Arima, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Some undescribed subspecies of tanagers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/44/mode/1up","Euphonia chlorotica amazonica"],["30120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chlorotica taczanowskii","Sclater, 1886","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 11 p.65,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2914E53E",null,null,"Callacate, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34361#page/89/mode/1up","[Euphonia chlorotica] Subsp. taczanowskii"],["30121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chlorotica serrirostris","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, southeastern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4254490C",null,null,"Guarayos, Santa Cruz [,Bolivia].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/146/mode/1up","Euphonia serrirostris"],["30122","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia finschi","Sclater & Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.19","Finsch's Euphonia","Finsch's Euphonia","Finsch's Euphonia",null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (northern Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722718","fineup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fineup1","avibase-E921FDF3",null,null,"Demerara [, British Guiana] .","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/23/mode/1up","Euphonia finschi"],["30123","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia concinna","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.98 pl.65 fig.2","Velvet-fronted Euphonia","Velvet-fronted Euphonia","Velvet-fronted Euphonia",null,null,"western Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722712","vefeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vefeup1","avibase-D6D63B24",null,null,"Nova Grenada [= 'Bogotá].","Characters of some New or imperfectly-described Species of Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/392/mode/1up","Euphonia concinna"],["30124","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia trinitatis","Strickland, 1851","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.72","Trinidad Euphonia","Trinidad Euphonia","Trinidad Euphonia",null,null,"tropical northern Caribbean Colombia to northern Venezuela and Trinidad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722709","trieup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trieup1","avibase-1DF34F2F",null,null,"Trinidad, Cumana, Venezuela, St. Thomas (Sclater) ; type from Trinidad, fide Salvin, 1882, Cat. Strickland Coll., p. 179.","On two new species of Euphonia, Desm., allied to E. chlorotica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/314/mode/1up","Euphonia trinitatis"],["30125","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia luteicapilla","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.332","Yellow-crowned Euphonia","Yellow-crowned Euphonia","Yellow-crowned Euphonia",null,null,"tropical eastern Nicaragua to Costa Rica and Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722703","yeceup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeceup1","avibase-D647F6B4",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/344/mode/1up","Phonasca luteicapilla"],["30126","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia godmani","Brewster, 1889","The Auk 6, no.2 p.90-92","West Mexican Euphonia","West Mexican Euphonia",null,"2025-1135","Taxon <em>godmani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Euphonia affinis</em> based primarily on differences in plumage and mitochondrial DNA divergence comparable to other species pairs in this genus (Vázquez-López et al. 2020). Taxon <em>godmani</em> also appears to differ vocally (Vázquez-López et al. 2020) but samples are insufficient to establish homology or vocal variability within taxa.","arid tropical western Mexico (southeastern Sonora to Guerrero)",null,null,null,"screup3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/screup3","avibase-07FE7263",null,null,"Mazatlán [Sinaloa], Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from western North America and Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss2/1/","Euphonia godmani"],["30127","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia affinis","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.175","Scrub Euphonia","Scrub Euphonia",null,"2025-1135","Taxon <em>godmani </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Euphonia affinis</em> based primarily on differences in plumage and mitochondrial DNA divergence comparable to other species pairs in this genus (Vázquez-López et al. 2020). Taxon <em>godmani</em> also appears to differ vocally (Vázquez-López et al. 2020) but samples are insufficient to establish homology or vocal variability within taxa.","open xeric woodland in lowlands, from Caribbean slope of Mexico from central Nuevo León and central Tamaulipas southward to southern Veracruz and thence on both slopes from Oaxaca and Yucatan Peninsula southward through northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,"screup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/screup1","avibase-C29CE0E7",null,null,"Realjo [, Nicaragua] .","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/185/mode/1up","Tanagra [Euphonia] affinis"],["30128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia affinis olmecorum","Dickerman, 1981","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 59 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D16EDD90",null,null,"1.3 miles beyond Ajinche on the road to Oviedo i nthe vicinity of Ebano, San Luis Potosí","Geographic variation in the Scrub Euphonia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/27/","Euphonia affinis olmecorum"],["30129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia affinis affinis","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08316497",null,null,"Realjo [, Nicaragua] .","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/185/mode/1up","Tanagra [Euphonia] affinis"],["30130","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chrysopasta","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.438 pl.30 fig.1,2","White-lored Euphonia","Golden-bellied Euphonia","White-lored Euphonia",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from southern and eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to the entire Amazon basin, westward to eastern Ecuador, southward to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and eastward to northeastern Brazil (western Maranhão)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722753","gobeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobeup1","avibase-313E4A17",null,null,"in Peruvia orient, in ripis fl. Ucayali ; et in ripis fl. Napo, reipubl. Aequatorialis ; type from lower Ucayali, Peru, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 65.","On two new Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett in Eastern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/522/mode/1up","Euphonia chrysopasta"],["30131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chrysopasta chrysopasta","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.438 pl.30 fig.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia (southward to west-central Santa Cruz) and adjacent western Brazil (eastward to Rio Xingu and, in eastern Pará, to Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-161C58BA",null,null,"in Peruvia orient, in ripis fl. Ucayali ; et in ripis fl. Napo, reipubl. Aequatorialis ; type from lower Ucayali, Peru, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 65.","On two new Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett in Eastern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/522/mode/1up","Euphonia chrysopasta"],["30132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chrysopasta nitida","(Penard, 1923)","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0FB3634",null,null,"Lelydorp, Surinam.","A new Tanager from Surinam.",null,"Tanagra chrysopasta nitida"],["30133","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia minuta","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.671","White-vented Euphonia","White-vented Euphonia","White-vented Euphonia",null,null,"disjunctly in humid and tropical rainforest from southeastern Chiapas (southern Mexico) and central Belize southward on the Caribbean slope of Central America to eastern Panama, and the Pacific slope of southeastern Costa Rica southward west of the Andes to northwestern Ecuador, in the Magdalena Valley of interior Colombia (to Cundinamarca), east of the Andes and in Andean foothills in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to eastern Peru, central Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil (to northern Tocantins)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722760","whveup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whveup1","avibase-A243C1D2",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/161/mode/1up","E[uphona] minuta"],["30134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia minuta humilis","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf slope of southeastern Mexico (southeastern Chiapas) to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A74B45B2",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/346/mode/1up","Phonasca humilis"],["30135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia minuta minuta","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.671",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia east of Andes to the Guianas, northern Bolivia (southward to west-central Santa Cruz), and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-27F4C35B",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/161/mode/1up","E[uphona] minuta"],["30136","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia chalybea","(Mikan, 1825)","Delectus florae et faunae Brasiliensis: jussu et auspiciis Francisci I, Austriae imperatoris investigatae livr.4 pl.21 fig.1,2","Green-chinned Euphonia","Green-throated Euphonia","Green-throated Euphonia",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722730","gnteup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnteup1","avibase-63D35B4C",null,null,"Ypanema, São Paulo, Brazil.",null,null,"Tanagra chalybea"],["30137","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia violacea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182","Violaceous Euphonia","Violaceous Euphonia","Violaceous Euphonia",null,null,"humid forest, woodland, and gallery forest from Trinidad and Tobago, eastern and southern Venezuela, and the Guianas southward across central and eastern Brazil (westward to eastern Amazonas, absent from drier Cerrado and Caatinga in interior Brazil) to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil (northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722721","vioeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vioeup1","avibase-94AF0857",null,null,"in Calidis regionibus ; Surinam designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool, 9, p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla violacea"],["30138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia violacea rodwayi","(Penard, 1919)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Venezuela (Sucre to northern Amazonas), and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D5F7773",null,null,"British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela, fide Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12, no. 75, p. 313] ; Mt. Roraima, 3500 feet altitude.","Two new birds from Roraima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42085#page/42/mode/1up","Tanagra violacea rodwayi"],["30139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia violacea violacea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northern Brazil (north of the Amazon River east of Rio Jamundá, and south of the Amazon River from Rio Madeira eastward to Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4414619A",null,null,"in Calidis regionibus ; Surinam designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool, 9, p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla violacea"],["30140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia violacea aurantiicollis","Bertoni, 1901","Aves Nuevas del Paraguay Sér. I. no.1 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5626EDA",null,null,"Puerto Bertoni, Alto Paraná [,Paraguay] .","Aves nuevas del Paraguay : continuación á Azara : (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) : descripción de las especies nuevas descubiertas por el Autor y contribuciones al estudio de la Avifauna Paraguaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47928#page/102/mode/1up","Euphonia aurantiicollis"],["30141","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia hirundinacea","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.117","Yellow-throated Euphonia","Yellow-throated Euphonia","Yellow-throated Euphonia",null,null,"forest edge from lowlands to hills of Caribbean slope from central Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico, and including Yucatan Peninsula), and Pacific slope from southern Oaxaca southward to far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722727","yeteup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeteup1","avibase-3CD68A81",null,null,"Guatemala","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/289/mode/1up","Euphonia hirundinacea"],["30142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia hirundinacea suttoni","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.8 p.150 [150-151]",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EC4AFF3",null,null,"Río Sabinas near Gomez Farias, south-western Tamaulipas [,Mexico].","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/200/mode/1up","Euphonia hirundinacea suttoni"],["30143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia hirundinacea caribbaea","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86, no.8 p.149 [149-150]",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-851D04A2",null,null,"38 km. north of Matias Romero, Oaxaca (= Monte Bello, north of Palomares) [, Mexico].","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/199/mode/1up","Euphonia hirundinacea caribbaea"],["30144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia hirundinacea hirundinacea","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to eastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A20102B",null,null,"Guatemala","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/289/mode/1up","Euphonia hirundinacea"],["30145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia hirundinacea gnatho","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.335-336",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Nicaragua to Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B236C40",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/347/mode/1up","Phonasca Gnatho"],["30146","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia laniirostris","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.30","Thick-billed Euphonia","Thick-billed Euphonia","Thick-billed Euphonia",null,null,"disjunctly in humid to dry forest and woodland from the Pacific slope of Costa Rica southward to interior Colombia along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, west of the Andes southward to northwestern Peru (to Cajamarca), and east of the Andes from western Venezuela southward to east-central Bolivia (Santa Cruz), in Brazil mostly south of the Amazon River (eastward to eastern Amazonas and Goiás)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722724","thbeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbeup1","avibase-F1D2C345",null,null,"Yuracares [,Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/146/mode/1up","E[uphonia] lanii rostris"],["30147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia laniirostris crassirostris","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.277-278",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3704E011",null,null,"New Grenada, Bogotá.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known species of Tanagers. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/335/mode/1up","Euphonia crassirostris"],["30148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia laniirostris melanura","Sclater, 1851","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.86-87",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil (Acre and eastward across Amazon Basin south of the Amazon River to western Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DF446F6",null,null,"Barra do Rio Negro; 'Villa Nova,' south bank of the lower Amazon, west of the mouth of the Rio Tupinambaranas, suggested by Zimmer, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1225, p. 16.","Synopsis of the genus Euphonia, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/332/mode/1up","Euphonia melanura"],["30149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia laniirostris hypoxantha","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.544",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-386E00C5",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/676/mode/1up","Euphonia hypoxantha"],["30150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia laniirostris zopholega","(Oberholser, 1918)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical east-central Peru (Junín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DE5CECD",null,null,"La Merced, Dept. Junín, and Santa Ana, Urubamba, Peru ; type from La Merced, fide Sztolcman and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 181.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/164/mode/1up","Tanagra laniirostris zopholega"],["30151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia laniirostris laniirostris","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Bolivia and adjacent southwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31F02E5F",null,null,"Yuracares [,Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/146/mode/1up","E[uphonia] lanii rostris"],["30152","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia imitans","(Hellmayr, 1936)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.9 p.63","Spot-crowned Euphonia","Spot-crowned Euphonia","Spot-crowned Euphonia",null,null,"forest edge in lowlands and foothills of Pacific slope from west-central Costa Rica to far western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722744","spceup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spceup1","avibase-41B85100",null,null,"El Pozo, Río Terraba, Costa Rica [Osa Canto, Puntarenas Province].","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IX. Terpsinidae-Thraupidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21244#page/77/mode/1up","Tanagra imitans"],["30153","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia gouldi","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.331 p.66 pl.124","Olive-backed Euphonia","Olive-backed Euphonia","Olive-backed Euphonia",null,null,"lowland forest and edge of Caribbean slope from southern Veracruz and northeastern Oaxaca of eastern Mexico to western Panama (Bocas del Toro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722750","olbeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbeup1","avibase-C3FD23AB",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description of a New Tanager of the genus Euphonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/78/mode/1up","Euphonia Gouldi"],["30154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia gouldi gouldi","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.331 p.66 pl.124",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Veracruz and northeastern Oaxaca on Caribbean slope of eastern Mexico (except northern Yucatan Peninsula) to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2F6E4C2",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description of a New Tanager of the genus Euphonia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/78/mode/1up","Euphonia Gouldi"],["30155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia gouldi praetermissa","(Peters, 1929)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.12 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope from far eastern Honduras to western Panama (Bocas del Toro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6AF72478",null,null,"Western River, Almirante [Bay], Panama.","An ornithological survey in the Caribbean Lowlands of Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/582/mode/1up","Tanagra gouldi praetermissa"],["30156","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia fulvicrissa","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.276","Fulvous-vented Euphonia","Fulvous-vented Euphonia","Fulvous-vented Euphonia",null,null,"humid lowland forest and edge from central Panama to northeastern Colombia and southward west of Andes to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722747","fuveup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fuveup1","avibase-0676F27A",null,null,"S.[anta] Martha in New Grenada. [Locality not certain.]","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known species of Tanagers. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/334/mode/1up","Euphonia fulvicrissa"],["30157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia fulvicrissa fulvicrissa","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands of central Panama to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12DF9716",null,null,"S.[anta] Martha in New Grenada. [Locality not certain.]","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known species of Tanagers. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/334/mode/1up","Euphonia fulvicrissa"],["30158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia fulvicrissa omissa","Hartert, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B35C20C2",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Exhibition and description of five new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/115/mode/1up","Euphonia fulvicrissa omissa"],["30159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia fulvicrissa purpurascens","Hartert, 1901","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.370-371",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CC35571",null,null,"Pambilar [,Esmeraldas] , N. W. Ecuador.","On some birds from North-West Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/420/mode/1up","Euphonia fulvicrissa purpurascens"],["30160","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia anneae","Cassin, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.172","Tawny-capped Euphonia","Tawny-capped Euphonia","Tawny-capped Euphonia",null,null,"forest and edge of Caribbean slope of hills and mountains from far northwestern Costa Rica through montane Panama to far northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722763","taceup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/taceup1","avibase-3737630E",null,null,"Santa Rosa, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/180/mode/1up","Euphonia Anneae"],["30161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia anneae anneae","Cassin, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B237542",null,null,"Santa Rosa, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/180/mode/1up","Euphonia Anneae"],["30162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia anneae rufivertex","Salvin, 1866","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866, pt.1 p.71, pl. VII",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Panama (Veraguas) to northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03B5F629",null,null,"Veragua et Costa Rica; types from Santiago de Veraguas, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ, Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 29.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90954#page/109/mode/1up","Euphonia rufivertex"],["30163","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster","Sundevall, 1834","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ser.3, t.21 p.310 pl.10 fig.1","Orange-bellied Euphonia","Orange-bellied Euphonia","Orange-bellied Euphonia",null,null,"disjunctly in humid forest from far eastern Panama southward to far northwestern Peru, in foothills and slopes in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Sucre), the Sierra de Perijá, the Andes of western Venezuela, and the upper Orinoco and Amazon basins, from southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia (to western Santa Cruz) and eastward in Brazil (to northern Tocantins), the tepui region of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and northernmost Brazil (Roraima), and the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (central Bahia southward to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722766","orbeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbeup1","avibase-2D1A6C0F",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Bio [Rio] de Janeiro by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1016.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181928#page/672/mode/1up","E[uphone] xanthogaster"],["30164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster oressinoma","Olson, 1981","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94, no.1 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia (and once on west slope of eastern Andes in Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2FFCA52",null,null,"Hacienda Sofia, Río Samana, Caldas, Colombia, elev. 3750 ft (1143 m)","A revision of the northern forms of Euphonia xanthogaster (Aves: Thraupidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107604#page/124/mode/1up","Euphonia xanthogaster oressinoma"],["30165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster chocoensis","Hellmayr, 1911","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 2, 3ème Année, no.22 p.23-24",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre, Altos de Quía, Cerro Sapo, and Río Jaqué) and Pacific Colombia west of Andes (southward from Chocó) to northwestern Ecuador (northern Esmeraldas and Imbabura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DFEA5FE",null,null,"Río Cajon, San Juan, Chocó, Colombia.","Description de quelques formes nouvelles d'oiseaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/43/mode/1up","Euphonia xanthogaster chocoensis"],["30166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster badissima","Olson, 1981","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94, no.1 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Serranía de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border), east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (southward to Boyacá), and Andes of Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75F625E4",null,null,"Bellavista \"pumping station 100 km from Petrolea\"  [=65 km NW of Petrolea], Santander del Norte, Colombia","A revision of the northern forms of Euphonia xanthogaster (Aves: Thraupidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107604#page/127/mode/1up","Euphonia xanthogaster badissima"],["30167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster quitensis","(Nelson, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"western Ecuador (southward from Pichincha) and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D33AA6DE",null,null,"Quito [, Ecuador]; Gualea substituted by Chapman, 1931, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 63, p. 127.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/58/mode/1up","Tanagra xanthogastra quitensis"],["30168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster dilutior","(Zimmer, 1943)","American Museum Novitates no.1225 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru (Ucayali Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5011F2E",null,null,"Orosa, south bank of Río Amazonas, northeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 45. The genera Tersina, Chlorophonia, Tanagra, Tanagrella, Chlorochrysa and Pipraeidea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3797/","Tanagra xanthogaster dilutior"],["30169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster cyanonota","Parkes, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.1 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (Rio Juruá and Rio Purus regions)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58BC7815",null,null,"Arima, Rio Purus, Brazil.","Some undescribed subspecies of tanagers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/43/mode/1up","Euphonia xanthogaster cyanonota"],["30170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster brunneifrons","Chapman, 1901","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 14, art.19 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-548A8E09",null,null,"Inca Mine [= Santo Domingo, Marcapata] , southeastern Peru.","Descriptions of six apparently new birds from Peru.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/726","Euphonia xanthogastra brunneifrons"],["30171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster ruficeps","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.30-31",null,null,null,null,null,"western Bolivia (La Paz eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EE9BC78",null,null,"Yuracares [, Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/146/mode/1up","E[uphonia] ruficeps"],["30172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster brevirostris","Bonaparte, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, northwestern Brazil, and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B875ABF",null,null,"'Columbia' [= Bogotá collections] .","Note sur les Tangaras, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/146/mode/1up","E[uphonia] brevirostris"],["30173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster exsul","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1017, 1127",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F60139E8",null,null,"San Esteban, near Puerto Cabello [Carabobo], Venezuela.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Euphonia ruficeps exsul"],["30174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia xanthogaster xanthogaster","Sundevall, 1834","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ser.3, t.21 p.310 pl.10 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (central Bahia southward to central Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA9DCD5C",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Bio [Rio] de Janeiro by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1016.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181928#page/672/mode/1up","E[uphone] xanthogaster"],["30175","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia mesochrysa","Salvadori, 1873","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 8 p.193","Bronze-green Euphonia","Bronze-green Euphonia","Bronze-green Euphonia",null,null,"foothill and montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes of Colombia and the headwaters of the Magdalena River (from Boyacá), southward to northern Peru north and west of the Marañón River, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru east and south of the Marañón, southeastward to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722757","brgeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brgeup1","avibase-B4326435",null,null,"no locality; 'Bogotá,' Colombia suggested by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1021.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=j0sYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA193","Euphonia mesochrysa"],["30176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia mesochrysa mesochrysa","Salvadori, 1873","Atti della R[eale] Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 8 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (Magdalena Valley) to eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C30EE1F3",null,null,"no locality; 'Bogotá,' Colombia suggested by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1021.",null,"https://books.google.ca/books?id=j0sYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA193","Euphonia mesochrysa"],["30177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia mesochrysa media","(Zimmer, 1943)","American Museum Novitates no.1225 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F8B244D",null,null,"Chaupe, northern Peru, altitude 6100 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 45. The genera Tersina, Chlorophonia, Tanagra, Tanagrella, Chlorochrysa and Pipraeidea.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3797/","Tanagra mesochrysa media"],["30178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia mesochrysa tavarae","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru to central Bolivia (eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A467F1C",null,null,"Río Tavara, alt. 1600 ft. ; long. 70° 20' W., lat. 13° 25' S., southeastern Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Tanagra mesochrysa tavarae"],["30179","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia cayennensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.894","Golden-sided Euphonia","Golden-sided Euphonia","Golden-sided Euphonia",null,null,"tropical southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722772","goseup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goseup1","avibase-68B4875F",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/395/mode/1up","Tanagra cayennensis"],["30180","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia pectoralis","(Latham, 1801)","Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ p.lvii","Chestnut-bellied Euphonia","Chestnut-bellied Euphonia","Chestnut-bellied Euphonia",null,null,"eastern Brazil (eastern Alagoas) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722775","chbeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbeup1","avibase-128745BF",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 460.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/313412#page/63/mode/1up","Pipra pectoralis"],["30181","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia rufiventris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.426","Rufous-bellied Euphonia","Rufous-bellied Euphonia","Rufous-bellied Euphonia",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia (to western and northern Santa Cruz), and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722769","rubeup1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubeup1","avibase-C49D0B95",null,null,"no locality ; Iquitos, Peru, suggested by Hellmayr, 1920, Archiv f. Naturg., ser. A, 85(10), p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/448/mode/1up","Tanagra rufiventris"],["30182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia rufiventris rufiventris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.426",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia southward to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia (Río Surutú, in Santa Cruz), and Amazonian Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro, vicinity of Rio Xingu and east-central Pará, southward to central Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC2D7E92",null,null,"no locality ; Iquitos, Peru, suggested by Hellmayr, 1920, Archiv f. Naturg., ser. A, 85(10), p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/448/mode/1up","Tanagra rufiventris"],["30183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Euphonia rufiventris carnegiei","Dickerman, 1988","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108, no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela southward to headwaters of Orinoco, Ventuari, Caura, Paragua, and Cuyuni",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82DF6829",null,null,"Río Orinoco, orilla derecho, Boca del Río Ocamo [on the right-hand side of the mouth of the Río Ocamo], TerritoRío Amazonas, Venezuela, on 25 March 1929, by the Olalla brothers, Alphonse and Ramon.","An unnamed subspecies of Euphonia rufiventris from Venezuela and northern Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/280/mode/1up","Euphonia rufiventris carnegiei"],["30184","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Mycerobas","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coccothraustes melanozanthos [Hodgson, 1836]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 71).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/358/mode/1up","Mycerobas"],["30185","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Mycerobas icterioides","(Vigors, 1830)","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.1 text to pl.45","Black-and-yellow Grosbeak","Black-and-yellow Grosbeak","Black-and-yellow Grosbeak",null,null,"montane forest of northeastern Afghanistan to central Nepal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720690","baygro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baygro1","avibase-91A4FA36",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla- Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/195/mode/1up","Coccothraustes icterioïdes"],["30186","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Mycerobas affinis","(Blyth, 1855)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24, no.2 p.179","Collared Grosbeak","Collared Grosbeak","Collared Grosbeak",null,null,"mountains of northern Pakistan to southeastern Tibet, northeastern Myanmar, and central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720693","colgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colgro1","avibase-F7B5C386",null,null,"[probably] alpine Punjab.","Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for February Meeting, 1855.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124457#page/217/mode/1up","Hesperiphona affinis"],["30187","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Mycerobas melanozanthos","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.150","Spot-winged Grosbeak","Spot-winged Grosbeak","Spot-winged Grosbeak",null,null,"mountains of northern Pakistan to southern Tibet, southwestern China, Myanmar, and Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720696","spwgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwgro1","avibase-7AF5B51C",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/200/mode/1up","Coccothraustes melanozanthos"],["30188","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Mycerobas carnipes","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.151","White-winged Grosbeak","White-winged Grosbeak","White-winged Grosbeak",null,null,"mountains of central Asia, southern China (Xinjiang to Shaanxi), and Himalayas from northern Pakistan eastward to northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh) and northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720699","whwgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwgro1","avibase-E3BD8022",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/201/mode/1up","Coccothraustes carnipes"],["30189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Mycerobas carnipes speculigerus","(Brandt, 1841)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 9. no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Iran and Transcaspia to northern Afghanistan and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-740882CF",null,null,"northern Persia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151958#page/22/mode/1up","Coccothraustes speculigerus"],["30190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Mycerobas carnipes carnipes","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southeastern Kazakhstan (Dzhungarskiy Alatau and Tian Shan) southward to eastern Uzbekistan, northeastern Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, western, central, and southern China (Xinjiang to Shaanxi), and Himalayas from northern Pakistan eastward to northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh) and northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4CE77DD",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/201/mode/1up","Coccothraustes carnipes"],["30191","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31 p.424",null,null,null,"2025-1112","Taxa <em>vespertina </em>and <em>abeillei </em>are placed in the genus <em>Hesperiphona </em>based, in part, on the genetic data of Zuccon et al. (2012). Sometimes placed in <em>Coccothraustes</em>, nuclear DNA data recovered <em>vespertina </em>as a divergent lineage rendering <em>Coccothraustes </em>paraphyletic (contra mitochondrial DNA data from that study); furthermore, <em>abeillei</em> was not sampled.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla vespertina [W. Cooper, 1825]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/434/mode/1up","Hesperiphona"],["30192","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona vespertina","(Cooper, 1825)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 1 p.220","Evening Grosbeak","Evening Grosbeak","Evening Grosbeak",null,null,"breeds in conifer forest and pine-oak woodland from southern Yukon eastward to Newfoundland (northwestern to eastern Canada) southward to northern USA, in western USA southward in mountains to eastern California and New Mexico, and in Mexicon mountains to Durango, and (rare) in the volcanic belt of central Mexico to northern Oaxaca; winters irruptively from south-central Canada southward to south-central USA",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720702","evegro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/evegro","avibase-C6B5497C",null,null,"Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54048#page/246/mode/1up","Fringilla vespertina"],["30193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina","(Cooper, 1825)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 1 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds east-central Canada (Alberta to New England); winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA384263",null,null,"Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54048#page/246/mode/1up","Fringilla vespertina"],["30194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona vespertina brooksi","Grinnell, 1917","The Condor 19, no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds west-central Canada to mountains of Pacific northwestern USA; irruptive to east and south",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C387B314",null,null,"Okanagan, British Columbia.","The subspecies of Hesperiphona vespertina.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol19/iss1/5/","Hesperiphona vespertina brooksi"],["30195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona vespertina montana","Ridgway, 1874","A history of North American birds. Land birds 1 p.449, pl. 22, fig. 4",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico to southern Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5A6F762",null,null,"Guatemala, Mexico, and southern Rocky Mountains; type from Mirador, Veracruz, Mexico, fide Grinnell, 1917, Condor, 19, p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31735#page/481/mode/1up","Hesperiphona vespertina var. montana"],["30196","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona abeillei","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.41","Hooded Grosbeak","Hooded Grosbeak","Hooded Grosbeak",null,null,"disjunctly in humid montane oak and pine-oak forest and borders in the Sierra Madre Occidental from Chihuahua and adjacent Sonora southward to northern Nayarit and in the Sierra Madre Oriental from southern Tamaulipas and Nuevo León southward to central Oaxaca, in the volcanic belt of southern Mexico from Michoacan to Veracruz, and from Chiapas to El Salvador and northwestern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720712","hoogro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoogro1","avibase-5C079E0C",null,null,"Mexico.","Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du Docteur Abeillé à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/49/mode/1up","Guiraca abeillei"],["30197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona abeillei pallida","Nelson, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B618FD1A",null,null,"Jesus Maria, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of Birds from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/201/mode/1up","Hesperiphona abeillii pallida"],["30198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona abeillei saturata","Sutton & Burleigh, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí and southwestern Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2733463",null,null,"Río Sabinas, near . . . Gomez Farias, southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico.","A new Abeille's Grosbeak from Tamaulipas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/167/mode/1up","Hesperiphona abeillii saturata"],["30199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona abeillei abeillei","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D244CC23",null,null,"Mexico.","Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du Docteur Abeillé à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/49/mode/1up","Guiraca abeillei"],["30200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hesperiphona abeillei cobanensis","Nelson, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to central Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17B0BC4D",null,null,"Coban, Verapaz, Guatemala.","Descriptions of three new subspecies of Birds from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/201/mode/1up","Hesperiphona abeillii cobanensis"],["30201","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.36;3, p.218",null,null,null,"2025-1112","Taxa <em>vespertina </em>and <em>abeillei </em>are placed in the genus <em>Hesperiphona </em>based, in part, on the genetic data of Zuccon et al. (2012). Sometimes placed in <em>Coccothraustes</em>, nuclear DNA data recovered <em>vespertina </em>as a divergent lineage rendering <em>Coccothraustes </em>paraphyletic (contra mitochondrial DNA data from that study); furthermore, <em>abeillei</em> was not sampled.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Loxia coccothraustes [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Loxia coccothraustes Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/78/mode/1up","Coccothraustes"],["30202","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes coccothraustes","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171","Hawfinch","Hawfinch","Hawfinch",null,null,"lowland to submontane deciduous woodland, mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest, riverine forest, parks, and gardens, from Britain and southern Scandinavia eastward to Kamchatka and northern Japan, and southward to northwestern Africa, southern Europe, Caucasus, Tajikistan, central Afghanistan, and North Korea; some northern populations migrate to northern Africa, Middle East, northern Pakistan, southern China, and Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720681","hawfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawfin","avibase-84E1F114",null,null,"southern Europe ; restricted to Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia coccothraustes"],["30203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"Europe to central Siberia and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-255036C7",null,null,"southern Europe ; restricted to Italy.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia coccothraustes"],["30204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes coccothraustes buvryi","Cabanis, 1862","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.259,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F597D22B",null,null,"Algeria.","Die Balearen. (Fortsetzung ; siehe Januar-Heft 1862, Seite 1-23.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/285/mode/1up","Coccothraustes burryi"],["30205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes coccothraustes nigricans","Buturlin, 1908","Nasha Okhota p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Ukraine to Crimean Peninsula, Caspian Sea, and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2D14663",null,null,"Tiflis, Transcaucasia [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Coccothraustes nigricans"],["30206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes coccothraustes humii","Sharpe, 1886","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1886, pt.1 p.97,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and western Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7EC65E34",null,null,"Attock, Punjab.","Notes on Specimens in the Hume Collection of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92048#page/143/mode/1up","Coccothraustes humii"],["30207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes coccothraustes shulpini","Johansen, 1944","Journal für Ornithologie 92, no.1-2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Siberia, northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C43AA65F",null,null,"Partisankaja station, Suchan Railroad, southern Ussuriland.","Die Vogelfauna Westsibiriens.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02086329","Coccothraustes coccothraustes shulpini"],["30208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Coccothraustes coccothraustes japonicus","Temminck & Schlegel, 1848","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.90, pl. 51",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and northern Honshu; winters to eastern China and Japan southward to central Ryukyu Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D57E9EBB",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/100/mode/1up","Coccothraustes vulgaris japonicus"],["30209","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Eophona","Gould, 1851","The birds of Asia 5 pt3 pl.18,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia melanura [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 71). = Eophona sowerbyi Riley, 1915  ",null,null,null,"Eophona"],["30210","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Eophona personata","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.91 pl.52","Japanese Grosbeak","Japanese Grosbeak","Japanese Grosbeak",null,null,"breeds Amurland, Ussuriland, and Sakhalin (Russian Far East), Heilongjiang and Jilin (northeastern China), and Hokkaido through Kyushu (Japan); winters to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), southern China, and southeastern Asia (rare)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720687","japgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/japgro1","avibase-A682E863",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/101/mode/1up","Coccothraustes personatus"],["30211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Eophona personata personata","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.91 pl.52",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu); winters to southern Japan, eastern China, and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67C0F9B0",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/101/mode/1up","Coccothraustes personatus"],["30212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Eophona personata magnirostris","Hartert, 1896","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 5 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67EE5ACF",null,null,"Siberia ; type from Amur Bay, Ussuri region, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 665.","Eophona personata magnirostris, n. subsp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/332/mode/1up","Eophona personata magnirostris"],["30213","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Eophona migratoria","Hartert, 1903","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.59","Chinese Grosbeak","Chinese Grosbeak","Chinese Grosbeak",null,null,"disjunctly in lowland mixed and deciduous forest, riverine woodland, orchards, parks, and gardens, from southeastern Siberia, northeastern China, and Korean Peninsula, and in central and eastern China; migrates to northern Indochina, southeastern China, Taiwan, and Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720684","yebgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebgro1","avibase-507C9379",null,null,"Sidemi River, southern Ussuri.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/121/mode/1up","Eophona melanura migratoria"],["30214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Eophona migratoria migratoria","Hartert, 1903","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China to North Korea; winters to eastern China, South Korea, southern Japan, and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2951077A",null,null,"Sidemi River, southern Ussuri.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/121/mode/1up","Eophona melanura migratoria"],["30215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Eophona migratoria sowerbyi","Riley, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-464F5093",null,null,"Chang Kow Hsien, Hupeh.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/203/mode/1up","Eophona melanura sowerbyi"],["30216","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus","Kaup, 1829","Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.161",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla rosea [Pallas, 1776]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 11).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129856#page/189/mode/1up","Carpodacus"],["30217","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sipahi","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.151","Scarlet Finch","Scarlet Finch","Scarlet Finch",null,null,"Himalayas from Uttarakhand (northwestern India) eastward to mountains of southwestern China, Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720635","scafin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scafin1","avibase-1884ACC6",null,null,"Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.",null,"Corythus sipahi"],["30218","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus erythrinus","(Pallas, 1770)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14, pt.1 p.587, pl.23 fig.1","Common Rosefinch","Common Rosefinch","Common Rosefinch",null,null,"breeds forest to scrub, in mountains in southern areas, from southern and eastern Scandinavia and northwestern Europe (except British Isles) through northern subarctic Russia to western Chukchi Peninsula and Kamchatka (eastern Russia); in south through northern France, Switzerland, Slovenia to Bulgaria, northern Türkiye and the Caucasus, northern Iran, central and southern Afghanistan northward to the Altai and southward through Himalayas to northwestern Yunnan, Shaanxi, and western Guizhou (central China); in winter to lowland cultivation and scrub in Indian Peninsula and central southeastern Asia to eastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720556","comros","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comros","avibase-3A713345",null,null,"Volga and Samara Rivers.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113648#page/651/mode/1up","Loxia erythrina"],["30219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus erythrinus erythrinus","(Pallas, 1770)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14, pt.1 p.587, pl.23 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Europe to western Asia; winters to India and Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10599575",null,null,"Volga and Samara Rivers.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113648#page/651/mode/1up","Loxia erythrina"],["30220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus erythrinus grebnitskii","Stejneger, 1885","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 29 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Siberia to Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk; winters to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71BCAAB9",null,null,"Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32830#page/271/mode/1up","Carpodacus erythrinus grebnitskii"],["30221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus erythrinus kubanensis","Laubmann, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Türkiye, Caucasus, and northern and northeastern Iran; winters to northern plains of India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7254791C",null,null,"Karaul Kisha, Kuban district, northwestern Caucasus.","Zwei neue Formen aus dem Kaukasus.",null,"Carpodacus erythrinus kubanensis"],["30222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus erythrinus ferghanensis","(Kozlova, 1939)","Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii 48 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern and southeastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and western China (western Xinjiang) southward to Afghanistan, western Pakistan, and northwestern Himalayas (eastward to Kashmir); winters to northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-802C5373",null,null,"Shah-dara, Tadzhikistan.",null,null,"Erythrina erythrina ferghanensis"],["30223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus erythrinus roseatus","(Blyth, 1842)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, pt.1, no.125 p.461,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from Ladakh eastward to northeastern India (probably to Arunachal Pradesh), possibly also northern Myanmar, and Tibetan Plateau eastward to central and southern China (Qinghai eastward to southwestern Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, western Guizhou, and northwestern Yunnan); winters in India eastward to Myanmar, northwestern and central Thailand, northern Laos, and northwestern Vietnam (western Tonkin), and southern and southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F604D91A",null,null,"'sold ... in Calcutta.","Proceedings of the Asiactic Society. (Friday evening, 6th May, 1842.) Aves.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123609#page/513/mode/1up","Pyrrhula roseata"],["30224","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus ferreorostris","(Vigors, 1829)","The Zoological Journal 4, no.15 p.354","Bonin Grosbeak","Bonin Grosbeak","Bonin Grosbeak",null,null,"formerly Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands; extinct, last reported 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720622","bongro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bongro1","avibase-0DD36226",null,null,"no locality [= Bonin Islands] .","XLVII. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. (Concluded from Vol. III. page 448.)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87902#page/366/mode/1up","Coccothraustes ferreo-rostris"],["30225","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rhodochlamys","(Brandt, 1843)","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg no.1 col.363","Red-mantled Rosefinch","Red-mantled Rosefinch",null,"2025-1142","Taxon <em>grandis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Carpodacus rhodochlamys</em> based on divergence in multilocus DNA data (Tietze et al. 2013), supported by differences in plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations (Ayé &amp; Schweizer 2006).","Uzbekistan and Afghanistan to southern Russia, Xinjiang, and western and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,"remros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/remros1","avibase-6670D2A6",null,null,"Siberia ; probably Tarbagatai, fide Korovin, 1934, Bull. Univ. Asie Centrale, Tashkent, 19, p. 68.",null,null,"Pyrrhula (Corythus) rhodochlamys"],["30226","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus grandis","Blyth, 1849","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, pt.2 p.810-811","Blyth's Rosefinch","Blyth's Rosefinch",null,"2025-1142","Taxon <em>grandis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Carpodacus rhodochlamys</em> based on divergence in multilocus DNA data (Tietze et al. 2013), supported by differences in plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations (Ayé &amp; Schweizer 2006).","breeds in montane forest and alpine meadows of northwestern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Ladakh, and Uttarakhand; winters to lower elevation gardens and orchards",null,null,null,"blyros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blyros1","avibase-2FF259E0",null,null,"range beyond Simla, near snow line.","A Supplemental Note to the Catalogue of the Birds in the Asiatic Society's Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124014#page/174/mode/1up","Carpodacus grandis"],["30227","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus waltoni","(Sharpe, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.95","Pink-rumped Rosefinch","Pink-rumped Rosefinch","Pink-rumped Rosefinch",null,null,"high-montane dry scrub and forest edge of northeastern Tibet, southeastern Qinghai, and western Sichuan, southward to southeastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan; winters to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720570","pirros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pirros1","avibase-1A121D37",null,null,"Gyangtse, southern Tibet.","On three new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/707/mode/1up","Propasser waltoni"],["30228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus waltoni waltoni","(Sharpe, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FE042EB",null,null,"Gyangtse, southern Tibet.","On three new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/707/mode/1up","Propasser waltoni"],["30229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus waltoni eos","(Stresemann, 1930)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"alpine scrub and forest of southeastern Qinghai and western Sichuan (central China) and eastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D23B91CE",null,null,"Sungpan, Szechwan.","Über Erythrina pulcherrima (Moore) und Erythrina eos sp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0072-0076.pdf#page=4","Erythrina eos"],["30230","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus davidianus","Milne-Edwards, 1865","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.1 p.18-19, pl. II, fig. 2, 3","Chinese Beautiful Rosefinch","Chinese Beautiful Rosefinch",null,"2025-1143","Taxon <em>davidianus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Carpodacus pulcherrimus</em> (polytypic, including <em>argyrophrys</em>) based on vocalizations and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Tietze et al. 2013). Although taxon <em>argyrophrys </em>is placed in <em>C. pulcherrimus </em>based on mitochondrial DNA, it differs in vocalizations; further research would be informative.","Mongolia and east-central China (Inner Mongolia region, in southeastern Nei Mongol, northern Shanxi, Hebei, and Beijing)",null,null,null,"chbros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbros1","avibase-540EE551",null,null,"Mongolia.","Rapport sur diverses collections envoyées au Muséum par le P. Armand David, missionnaire de la Congrégation des Lazaristes, à Pékin, présenté à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-Administrateurs, le 26 septembre 1864.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/346/mode/1up","Carpodacus davidianus"],["30231","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus pulcherrimus","(Moore, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.297 p.216","Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch","Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch",null,"2025-1143","Taxon <em>davidianus </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Carpodacus pulcherrimus</em> (polytypic, including <em>argyrophrys</em>) based on vocalizations and mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Tietze et al. 2013). Although taxon <em>argyrophrys </em>is placed in <em>C. pulcherrimus </em>based on mitochondrial DNA, it differs in vocalizations; further research would be informative.","breeds montane scrub and forest edge from Himachal Pradesh (northwestern India) and southern Tibet northward through Mongolia and Sichuan, southward to western Arunachal Pradesh and northwestern Yunnan (west-central China); winters to lower elevations",null,null,null,"bearos1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bearos1","avibase-60DE3563",null,null,"Nepal.","Notice of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/1036/mode/1up","Propasser pulcherrimus"],["30232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus pulcherrimus pulcherrimus","(Moore, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.297 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh to Nepal, Bhutan, and southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E45F1BD",null,null,"Nepal.","Notice of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/1036/mode/1up","Propasser pulcherrimus"],["30233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus pulcherrimus argyrophrys","Berlioz, 1929","Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 2e Série, Tome 1, no.2 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9134F508",null,null,"based on Erythrina davidiana Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 374, preoccupied by Carpodacus Davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866 no type locality ; Mt. Lieuhoashan, between Choni and Titao, Kansu, designated by Bangs, in Peters, 1943, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 92, p. 99.","Notes critiques et synonymiques sur des Oiseaux du genre Roselin, Carpodacus (Passeriformes-Fringillidés).",null,"Carpodacus argyrophrys"],["30234","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus edwardsii","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.39","Dark-rumped Rosefinch","Dark-rumped Rosefinch","Dark-rumped Rosefinch",null,null,"high-montane forest, scrub, and meadows from southern Tibet and central Nepal northeastward to southern Gansu and western Sichuan, southward to northern Myanmar and northwestern Yunnan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720585","darros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/darros1","avibase-9C8F0B66",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet; type from Moupin [= Muping = Paohing, eastern Sikang], vide Verreaux, 1872, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 7 (1871), bull., p. 59.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/341/mode/1up","Carpodacus edwardsii"],["30235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus edwardsii edwardsii","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (southeastern Tibet to western Sichuan and southern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16284F49",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet; type from Moupin [= Muping = Paohing, eastern Sikang], vide Verreaux, 1872, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 7 (1871), bull., p. 59.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/341/mode/1up","Carpodacus edwardsii"],["30236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus edwardsii rubicundus","(Greenway, 1933)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 74, no.5 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Nepal to southeastern Tibet and southwestern China); winters to Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C4E624E",null,null,"Su Wa Tong [= Tuwa], 14,000 ft., on Mt. Gomba, eastern slopes of Salwin-Irawaddy divide, Tibet [= southwestern Sikang] .","Birds from north-west Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25486#page/227/mode/1up","Erythrina edwardsii rubicunda"],["30237","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rodochroa","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23","Pink-browed Rosefinch","Pink-browed Rosefinch","Pink-browed Rosefinch",null,null,"Himalayan fir and birch forest from Kashmir to southern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720574","pibros2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pibros2","avibase-0D592D10",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Fringilla rodochroa"],["30238","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus verreauxii","(David & Oustalet, 1877)","Les oiseaux de la Chine p.355","Sharpe's Rosefinch","Sharpe's Rosefinch","Sharpe's Rosefinch",null,null,"southwestern China (far southeastern Tibet to northern Yunnan); winters to northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834496","spwros3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwros3","avibase-83525783",null,null,"Muping [= Paohing] , eastern Sikang.",null,null,"Propasser verreauxii"],["30239","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rodopeplus","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23","Spot-winged Rosefinch","Spot-winged Rosefinch","Spot-winged Rosefinch",null,null,"Himalayas (Garhwal to Nepal and Sikkim)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834342","spwros2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spwros2","avibase-013420E1",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Fringilla rodopepla"],["30240","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus vinaceus","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.39","Vinaceous Rosefinch","Vinaceous Rosefinch","Vinaceous Rosefinch",null,null,"western China (southern Gansu and northern Shaanxi to Sichuan); winters to Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834630","vinros2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vinros2","avibase-86EBCA5D",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet [= ? Ho-pa-tchang, north of Chengtu, Szechwan, vide Verreaux, 1872, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 7 (1871), bull., p. 62].","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/341/mode/1up","Carpodacus vinaceus"],["30241","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus formosanus","Ogilvie-Grant, 1911","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.51","Taiwan Rosefinch","Taiwan Rosefinch","Taiwan Rosefinch",null,null,"mountains of Taiwan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834794","vinros3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vinros3","avibase-9EFFB614",null,null,"Mt. Morrison, 9,000 ft., Formosa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/79/mode/1up","Carpodacus formosanus"],["30242","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus synoicus","(Temminck, 1825)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.63, vol.3 pl.375","Sinai Rosefinch","Sinai Rosefinch","Sinai Rosefinch",null,null,"Sinai Peninsula",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103834861","sinros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sinros1","avibase-8F36D663",null,null,"Mount Sinai [Egypt]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/473/mode/1up","Pyrrhula synoica"],["30243","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus stoliczkae","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.523","Pale Rosefinch","Pale Rosefinch","Pale Rosefinch",null,null,"breeds arid montane scrub near water in central Afghanistan, southwestern Xinjiang (northwestern China), northern Ladakh (far northwestern India), Qinghai, and western Gansu (central China); winters to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103835324","palros3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palros3","avibase-2AA95030",null,null,"Chiklik, above Kokyar, western Kunlun, Chinese Turkestan.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/547/mode/1up","Propasser stoliczkae"],["30244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus stoliczkae salimalii","(Meinertzhagen, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central and central Afghanistan (Hindu Kush)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F984FFA",null,null,"Akrobat, northern Afghanistan.","Descriptions of four new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/133/mode/1up","Erythrina synoica salimalii"],["30245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus stoliczkae stoliczkae","(Hume, 1874)","Stray Feathers 2, no.6 p.523",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (southwestern Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87DB22D5",null,null,"Chiklik, above Kokyar, western Kunlun, Chinese Turkestan.","Novelties.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94439#page/547/mode/1up","Propasser stoliczkae"],["30246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus stoliczkae beicki","(Stresemann, 1930)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Sining Ho region of northeastern Qinghai to northwestern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2381C825",null,null,"Heitsuitse, 2,600 m., Sining River, northern Kansu [= northeastern Tsinghai] .","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu IV.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0009-0021.pdf#page=9","Erythrina synoica beicki"],["30247","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus roborowskii","(Przevalski, 1887)","Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 55 p.88","Tibetan Rosefinch","Tibetan Rosefinch","Tibetan Rosefinch",null,null,"mountains of west-central China (central Qinghai)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720616","tibros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibros1","avibase-57C123A2",null,null,"mountain pass from Tibetan plateau across eastern Burkan-Budda [= Buckhan Boda] Shan, Tsinghai.","Nivii vidi ptits Tsentralnoi Azii.",null,"Leucosticte roborowskii"],["30248","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sillemi","(Roselaar, 1992)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.226","Sillem's Rosefinch","Sillem's Rosefinch","Sillem's Rosefinch",null,null,"mountains of western Tibet",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720493","tahmof1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tahmof1","avibase-4C9486AE",null,null,"Kushku Maidan, 5125 m, W Tibetan Plateau, China (Tibet)","A new species of mountain finch Leucosticte from western Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/534/mode/1up","Leucosticte sillemi"],["30249","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilloides","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.90 pl.12","Streaked Rosefinch","Streaked Rosefinch","Streaked Rosefinch",null,null,"breeds arid high-alpine zone from southern Tibet through Qinghai, Gansu, and southwestern Inner Mongolia (north-central China); in southern Ladakh and Inner Himalayas through northwestern Yunnan; winters somewhat lower to villages and fields",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720607","strros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strros1","avibase-D3FBD80B",null,null,"Kansu [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Carpodacus rubicilloides"],["30250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilloides rubicilloides","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.90 pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (Qinghai and Gansu) to southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3986F225",null,null,"Kansu [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Carpodacus rubicilloides"],["30251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilloides lucifer","Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Ladakh and southeastern Kashmir to Nepal, Sikkim, and southwestern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8EA1118",null,null,"Chusha, 13,800 ft., southern Tibet.","Descriptions of six new races of birds from India and the Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/121/mode/1up","Carpodacus rubicilloides lucifer"],["30252","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilla","(Güldenstädt, 1775)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.464, pl.12","Great Rosefinch","Great Rosefinch","Great Rosefinch",null,null,"barren or stunted alpine zone of southwestern Russia, northern Georgia, and northern Azerbaijan in central and eastern Caucasus Mountains; disjunctly east-central Afghanistan to east-central Kazakhstan, Xinjiang (northwestern China), Altai of south-central Russia, and western Mongolia; in south through southern Tibet and Inner Himalayas eastward through Qinghai (north-central China); winters somewhat lower to villages and fields",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720610","greros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greros1","avibase-7621E1A6",null,null,"Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113774#page/550/mode/1up","Loxia rubicilla"],["30253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilla rubicilla","(Güldenstädt, 1775)","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.464, pl.12",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Caucasus of southwestern Russia, northern Georgia, and northern Azerbaijan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C56CCE7B",null,null,"Caucasus.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113774#page/550/mode/1up","Loxia rubicilla"],["30254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilla diabolicus","(Koelz, 1939)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan, western Pamirs, and Alai Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C28E25CB",null,null,"Sanglech, northeastern Afghanistan.","New Birds from Asia, chiefly from India.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/97/mode/1up","Erythrina rubicilla diabolica"],["30255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilla kobdensis","(Sushkin, 1925)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Alai Mountains of western Mongolia to eastern and central Altai Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-061A1905",null,null,"Buyantu, near Kobdo, northwestern Mongolia.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=19","Erythrina rubicilla kobdensis"],["30256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus rubicilla severtzovi","Sharpe, 1886","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1886, pt.3 p.354,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Kashmir to Nepal, Tibet, and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D840674D",null,null,"Turkestan and Yarkand ; type from Toghrasu, near Shakhidulla, Karakash River, fide Kinnear, 1933, Ibis, p. 663.","Notes on Specimens in the Hume Collection of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92048#page/448/mode/1up","Carpodacus severtzovi"],["30257","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sibiricus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.711","Long-tailed Rosefinch","Long-tailed Rosefinch",null,"2025-0926","Taxon <em>lepidus </em>(polytypic, including <em>henrici</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Carpodacus sibiricus</em> based on available evidence. Liu et al. (2020a) proposed splitting <em>C. lepidus</em> (with <em>henrici</em>) based on relatively modest mitochondrial DNA divergence and subtle plumage differences despite a lack of vocal differentiation. Further research, including genomic DNA data and additional vocal traits, may provide support for this split.","disjunctly in lowland to montane dense willow and birch thickets, reedbeds, riverine woodland, and grassland, from northeastern Kazakhstan and western Siberia eastward to Sakhalin and northern Japan, and in central and south-central China; some populations migrate to Kyrgyzstan, western China, Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan",null,null,null,"lotros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotros1","avibase-463680BF",null,null,"near montane rivers and streams of southern Siberia.",null,null,"Loxia sibirica"],["30258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sibiricus sibiricus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.711",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern and south-central Siberia eastward to middle Amur River, southward to northeastern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northwestern and northeastern China (northwestern Xinjiang; northwestern Inner Mongolia); winters south-central and southeastern Russia, eastern Kazakhstan (Tarbagatay, Dzhungarskiy Alatau, and eastern Tian Shan), and northwestern and north-central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4518493E",null,null,"near montane rivers and streams of southern Siberia.",null,null,"Loxia sibirica"],["30259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sibiricus ussuriensis","(Buturlin, 1915)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.2 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern China to North Korea; winters to northeastern China and South Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0DB3141",null,null,"Vladimir Monomakh and Lake Khanka, southern Ussuri.","[New forms of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/831/mode/1up","Uragus sibiricus ussuriensis"],["30260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sibiricus sanguinolentus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.92, pl.54",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin, southern Kuril Islands, and Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters to Kyushu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49AFE752",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/102/mode/1up","Pyrrhula sanguinolenta"],["30261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sibiricus lepidus","(David & Oustalet, 1877)","Les oiseaux de la Chine p.359, pl. 98",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central China (southeastern Gansu and southern Shaanxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAA3E61D",null,null,"Tsinling range and southern Shensi.",null,null,"Uragus lepidus"],["30262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus sibiricus henrici","(Oustalet, 1892)","Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie ser.7, t.12, no.9 p.291 (in text), pl. 10, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central China (southeastern Tibet to western Sichuan and northern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EDBF21F",null,null,"eastern Turkestan and Tibet; restricted to central and eastern Sikang, in region between Batang and Kangting [olim Tatsienlu], by Vaurie, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1786, p. 34.","Contributions à la faune de la Chine et du Tibet. Descriptions d'espèces et de races nouvelles d'oiseaux données récemment au Muséum d'histoire naturelle par le Prince Henri d'Orléans.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113672#page/301/mode/1up","Uragus Henrici"],["30263","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus subhimachalus","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.152","Crimson-browed Finch","Crimson-browed Finch","Crimson-browed Finch",null,null,"mountains of Nepal to southeastern Tibet, southwestern China, and northeastern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720628","crbfin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbfin3","avibase-48F59E1E",null,null,"northern Nepal ; in winter in central Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/202/mode/1up","Corythus subhimachalus"],["30264","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus puniceus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.953","Red-fronted Rosefinch","Red-fronted Rosefinch","Red-fronted Rosefinch",null,null,"high-alpine scree, meadows, bogs, and cliffs of southeastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, western Xinjiang (northwestern China), and northeastern Afghanistan through Tibetan Plateau to Qinghai and Gansu and southward through Himalayas to northern Myanmar and northern Yunnan (south-central China); some altitudinal movement during severe weather",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720613","refros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refros1","avibase-261F5C16",null,null,"Himalayas ; type from Nepal, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 644.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/499/mode/1up","Pyrrhospiza punicea"],["30265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus puniceus kilianensis","Vaurie, 1956","American Museum Novitates no.1786 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to southwestern Xinjiang and northeastern Ladakh",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-122B44B4",null,null,"Kihan Pass, 15,000 ft., western Kun Lun, Sinkiang,","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 20. Fringillidae : the Genera Leucosticte, Rhodopechys, Carpodacus, Pinicola, Loxia, Uragus, Urocynchramus, and Propyrrhula.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5357/","Carpodacus puniceus kilianensis"],["30266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus puniceus humii","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.433",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Pakistan to Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B2E8DD7",null,null,"interior of northwestern Himalayas ; type from Kotgarh, northern Punjab, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 644.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/453/mode/1up","Pyrrhospiza humii"],["30267","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus puniceus puniceus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.953",null,null,null,null,null,"central Himalayas (Nepal to southeastern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-747100E8",null,null,"Himalayas ; type from Nepal, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 644.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/499/mode/1up","Pyrrhospiza punicea"],["30268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus puniceus sikangensis","Vaurie, 1956","American Museum Novitates no.1786 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern China (Minya Konka to Mula region of far western Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E65A176B",null,null,"Mt. Konka, 16,000 to 16,500 ft., southeastern Sikang.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 20. Fringillidae : the Genera Leucosticte, Rhodopechys, Carpodacus, Pinicola, Loxia, Uragus, Urocynchramus, and Propyrrhula.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5357/","Carpodacus puniceus sikangensis"],["30269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus puniceus longirostris","(Przevalski, 1876)","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.95, pl. 14",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (eastern Qinghai to Gansu and northwestern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AD8015C",null,null,"Gadjur, 'Kansu [reference not verified] ; apparently between Chenkiang, Kansu, and Tatung River, Tsinghai, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 645.",null,null,"Pyrrhospiza longirostris"],["30270","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus roseus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.699","Pallas's Rosefinch","Pallas's Rosefinch","Pallas's Rosefinch",null,null,"breeds taiga and meadows from Yenisei region (central Siberia) and eastward to Sea of Okhotsk coast (eastern Russia); in south to far northeastern Kazakhstan (rare), Mongolia, northern Amurland, and northern Sakhalin (southeastern Russia); winters to east-central China, Korean Peninsula, and Shikoku (south-central Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720592","palros2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palros2","avibase-68DF5AB7",null,null,"Uda and Selenga Rivers, Transbaicalia.",null,null,"Fringilla rosea"],["30271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus roseus roseus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.699",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia and northern Mongolia; winters to northern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-385F5CE0",null,null,"Uda and Selenga Rivers, Transbaicalia.",null,null,"Fringilla rosea"],["30272","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus roseus portenkoi","Browning, 1988","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 108, no.4 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin; winters to South Korea and south-central Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08E667A4",null,null,"Chitose, Hokkaido District, Japan","A new subspecies of Carpodacus roseus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/449/mode/1up","Carpodacus roseus portenkoi"],["30273","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus trifasciatus","Verreaux, 1871","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6, fasc.4 p.39","Three-banded Rosefinch","Three-banded Rosefinch","Three-banded Rosefinch",null,null,"breeds coniferous forest of western China; winters to southeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720595","thbros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbros1","avibase-46CD933C",null,null,"mountains of Chinese Tibet; restricted to Paohing [olim Muping], Sikang, by Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 637.","Note sur les espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux recueillis par M. l'Abbé Armand David dans les montagnes du Thibet chinois.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49422#page/341/mode/1up","Carpodacus trifasciatus"],["30274","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus thura","Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850","Monographie des loxiens p.21 pl.23","Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch","Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch","Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch",null,null,"subalpine forest and alpine scrub of northeastern Afghanistan through Himalayas from northern Pakistan through western Arunachal Pradesh and adjacent southern and southeastern Tibet; some altitudinal movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103836876","whbros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbros1","avibase-8B4F255E",null,null,"Himalaya Mts, Nepal.",null,null,"Carpodacus thura"],["30275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus thura blythi","(Biddulph, 1882)","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.22 p.283-284, pl. IX",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Afghanistan through western Himalayas eastward to Uttarakhand (northwestern India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0A6EF08",null,null,"near Indus River, Gilgit.","On the Birds of Gilgit.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/331/mode/1up","Propasser blythi"],["30276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus thura thura","Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850","Monographie des loxiens p.21 pl.23",null,null,null,null,null,"central Himalayas (central Nepal eastward to Bhutan and far western Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F62D7645",null,null,"Himalaya Mts, Nepal.",null,null,"Carpodacus thura"],["30277","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus dubius","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.92, pl. 13","Chinese White-browed Rosefinch","Chinese White-browed Rosefinch","Chinese White-browed Rosefinch",null,null,"open alpine forest, clearings, meadows of Qinghai, Gansu, and Ningxia (north-central China), southern to southeastern Tibet, far northern Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India) and northern Yunnan (southwestern China); some altitudinal movement in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103837055","cwbros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cwbros1","avibase-F048220F",null,null,"Ala Shan and Kansu. [Reference not verified.]",null,null,"Carpodacus dubius"],["30278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus dubius femininus","Rippon, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to southwestern China (western Sichuan and northern Yunnan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E50CBA3B",null,null,"Yangtze River, western Yunnan.","On three new species from Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/455/mode/1up","Carpodacus femininus"],["30279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus dubius dubius","Przevalski, 1876","Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.92, pl. 13",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (southeastern Qinghai to southeastern Gansu, southern Ningxia, and northern Sichuan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83413BBB",null,null,"Ala Shan and Kansu. [Reference not verified.]",null,null,"Carpodacus dubius"],["30280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carpodacus dubius deserticolor","(Stegmann, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (northeastern Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF4C38E9",null,null,"southern Koko Nor range, Tsinghai.","Erythrina thura deserticolor subsp. nova.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0176-0185.pdf#page=9","Erythrina thura deserticolor"],["30281","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Melamprosops","Casey & Jacobi, 1974","Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History no.12 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Melamprosops phaeosoma [Casey & J.D. Jacobi, 1974]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Melamprosops"],["30282","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Melamprosops phaeosoma","Casey & Jacobi, 1974","Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History no.12 p.219","Poo-uli","Poo-uli","Poo-uli",null,null,"formerly ohia forest of Haleakala Crater, Maui (Hawaiian Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720863","poouli","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/poouli","avibase-9AC8AEA8",null,null,"Koolau Forest, northeastern slopes of Haleakala Volcano, Maui, Hawaii, 20 45'N, 156 07'W, 1980 m (6500 ft.)","A new genus and species of bird from the island of Maui, Hawaii (Passeriformes: Drepanididae).",null,"Melamprosops phaeosoma"],["30283","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Oreomystis","Stejneger, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oreomyza bairdi [Stejneger, 1887]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19609#page/29/mode/1up","Oreomystis"],["30284","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Oreomystis bairdi","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.609 p.99","Akikiki","Akikiki","Akikiki",null,null,"formerly montane ohia forest of Kauai (Hawaiian Islands); extinct in the wild",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720809","akikik","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/akikik","avibase-2CFFFB8A",null,null,"Kauai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/113/mode/1up","Oreomyza bairdi"],["30285","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Paroreomyza","Perkins, 1901","Ibis ser.8, vol.1, no.4 p.583",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Himatione maculata [Cabanis, 1851]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35405#page/645/mode/1up","Paroreomyza"],["30286","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Paroreomyza maculata","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.100,note","Oahu Alauahio","Oahu Alauahio","Oahu Alauahio",null,null,"humid montane forest of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands); last observed in 1960s and almost certainly extinct","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720827","oahala","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oahala","avibase-9BD21181",null,null,"Oahu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/116/mode/1up","Himatione maculata"],["30287","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Paroreomyza flammea","(Wilson, 1890)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.4, no.30 p.445","Kakawahie","Kakawahie","Kakawahie",null,null,"formerly Molokai (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1963","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720823","kakawa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kakawa","avibase-3DB0103D",null,null,"Kalae, Molokai.","Descriptions of some new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/569/mode/1up","Loxops flammea"],["30288","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Paroreomyza montana","(Wilson, 1890)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.4, no.30 p.446","Maui Alauahio","Maui Alauahio","Maui Alauahio",null,null,"humid montane forest of eastern Maui (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720818","mauala","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mauala","avibase-D94752EA",null,null,"Lanai.","Descriptions of some new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/570/mode/1up","Himatione montana"],["30289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Paroreomyza montana newtoni","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.8 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"humid montane forest of eastern Maui",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B928E958",null,null,"Maui.","[Three new birds from the Sandwich Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/68/mode/1up","Himatione newtoni"],["30290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Paroreomyza montana montana","(Wilson, 1890)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.4, no.30 p.446",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Lanai; last reported 1937","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-68A19DC2",null,null,"Lanai.","Descriptions of some new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/570/mode/1up","Himatione montana"],["30291","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxioides","Oustalet, 1877","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7) 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Loxioides bailleui [Oustalet, 1877]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Loxioides"],["30292","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxioides bailleui","Oustalet, 1877","Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7), 1 p.100","Palila","Palila","Palila",null,null,"montane mamane-naio forest of Hawaii",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720742","palila","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palila","avibase-6B31D099",null,null,"Hawaii.","Description de quelques espèces nouvelles de la collection ornithologique du Muséum d'histoire naturelle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98666#page/112/mode/1up","Loxioïdes bailleui"],["30293","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Telespiza","Wilson, 1890","Ibis ser.6, vol.2 pl.ix, p.483 (index)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Telespiza cantans [Wilson, SB, 1890]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/511/mode/1up","Telespiza"],["30294","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Telespiza cantans","Wilson, 1890","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.7 p.341 pl.9","Laysan Finch","Laysan Finch","Laysan Finch",null,null,"Laysan Island (northwestern Hawaiian Islands)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720728","layfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/layfin","avibase-AFEB17B8",null,null,"Midway Island ; error = Layson Island.","On a new Finch from Midway Island, North Pacific.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/369/mode/1up","Telespyza cantans"],["30295","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Telespiza ultima","Bryan, 1917","The Auk 34, no.1 p.70,71","Nihoa Finch","Nihoa Finch","Nihoa Finch",null,null,"Nihoa Island (northwestern Hawaiian Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720722","nihfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nihfin","avibase-DB422AD0",null,null,"Nihoa.","Description of Telespiza ultima from Nihoa Island.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol34/iss1/7/","Telespiza ultima"],["30296","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloridops","Wilson, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chloridops kona [Wilson, SB, 1888]; type by monotypy",null,"On Chloridops, a new Generic Form of Fringillidae from the Island of Hawaii.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/270/mode/1up","Chloridops"],["30297","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloridops kona","Wilson, 1888","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, pt.2 p.218","Kona Grosbeak","Kona Grosbeak","Kona Grosbeak",null,null,"formerly Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1894","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728825","kongro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kongro","avibase-16AF165D",null,null,"Kona, Hawaii.","On Chloridops, a new Generic Form of Fringillidae from the Island of Hawaii.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91192#page/270/mode/1up","Chloridops kona"],["30298","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodacanthis","Rothschild, 1892","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Rhodacanthis palmeri [Rothschild, 1892]; type by subsequent designation (Bryan & Greenway, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94, p. 135).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/124/mode/1up","Rhodacanthis"],["30299","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodacanthis palmeri","Rothschild, 1892","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10, no.55 p.111","Greater Koa Finch","Greater Koa-Finch","Greater Koa-finch",null,null,"formerly Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1896","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720749","grkfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grkfin","avibase-58F9A637",null,null,"Kona, Hawaii.","XI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/125/mode/1up","Rhodacanthis palmeri"],["30300","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodacanthis flaviceps","Rothschild, 1892","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10, no.55 p.111","Lesser Koa Finch","Lesser Koa-Finch","Lesser Koa-finch",null,null,"formerly Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1891","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720745","lekfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lekfin","avibase-8C3D2DCA",null,null,"Kona, Hawaii.","XI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/125/mode/1up","Rhodacanthis flaviceps"],["30301","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Ciridops","Newton, 1892","Nature 45 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla anna [Dole, 1878]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Ciridops"],["30302","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Ciridops anna","(Dole, 1878)","Hawaiian almanac and annual (1879) p.49","Ula-ai-hawane","Ula-ai-hawane","Ula-ai-hawane",null,null,"formerly Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1937","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720840","ulahaw","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ulahaw","avibase-E35F8B09",null,null,"Hawaii.",null,null,"Fringilla anna"],["30303","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Akialoa","Olson & James, 1995","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108, no.3 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia obscura [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation",null,"Nomenclature of the Hawaiian Akialoas and Nukupuus (Aves: Drepanidii)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107534#page/408/mode/1up","Akialoa"],["30304","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Akialoa stejnegeri","(Wilson, 1889)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.4, no.23 p.400","Kauai Akialoa","Kauai Akialoa","Kauai Akialoa",null,null,"formerly Kauai (Hawaiian Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823250","greaki4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greaki4","avibase-B50DDCA2",null,null,"Kauai Island, Hawaii","LV. On three undescribed Species of the Genus Hemignathus, Lichtenstein.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53340#page/414/mode/1up","Hemignathus Stejnegeri"],["30305","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Akialoa ellisiana","(Gray, 1860)","Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum 1859 p.9","Oahu Akialoa","Oahu Akialoa","Oahu Akialoa",null,null,"formerly Oahu (Hawaiian Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823212","greaki2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greaki2","avibase-F131E02A",null,null,"Oahu.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49442#page/21/mode/1up","Drepanis (Hemignathus) ellisianus"],["30306","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Akialoa obscura","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.470","Lesser Akialoa","Lesser Akialoa","Hawaii Akialoa",null,null,"formerly Hawaii; extinct, last reported 1940","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728910","lesaki","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesaki","avibase-67049C23",null,null,"Sandwich Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/482/mode/1up","Certhia obscura"],["30307","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Akialoa lanaiensis","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.5 p.24","Maui-nui Akialoa","Maui-nui Akialoa","Lanai Akialoa",null,null,"formerly Lanai (Hawaiian Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823431","greaki3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greaki3","avibase-CA33F844",null,null,"Lanai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/50/mode/1up","Hemignathus lanaiensis"],["30308","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Palmeria","Rothschild, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Palmeria mirabilis [Rothschild, 1893]; type by monotypy = Himatione dolei S.B. Wilson, 1891",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/143/mode/1up","Palmeria"],["30309","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Palmeria dolei","(Wilson, 1891)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891, pt.1, no.11 p.166","Akohekohe","Akohekohe","Akohekohe",null,null,"ohia forest of eastern Maui, where now very rare; formerly also on Molokai (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720855","crehon","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crehon","avibase-A643D860",null,null,"Maui.","Description of a new Species of the Genus Himatione from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99645#page/226/mode/1up","Himatione dolei"],["30310","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Himatione","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia sanguinea [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 19).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/115/mode/1up","Himatione"],["30311","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Himatione sanguinea","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.479","Apapane","Apapane","Apapane",null,null,"Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103828426","apapan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apapan","avibase-374CF449",null,null,"Sandwich Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/491/mode/1up","Certhia sanguinea"],["30312","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Himatione fraithii","Rothschild, 1892","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10, no.55 p.109-110","Laysan Honeycreeper","Laysan Honeycreeper","Laysan Honeycreeper",null,null,"formerly Laysan (Hawaiian Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103829706","apapan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apapan2","avibase-4309F417",null,null,"Laysan.","XI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/123/mode/1up","Himatione fraithii"],["30313","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Drepanis","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LVXXXVI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia pacifica [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 12).",null,null,null,"Drepanis"],["30314","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Drepanis coccinea","(Forster, 1780)","Göttingisches Magazin der Wissenschaften und Litteratur 1 p.347","Iiwi","Iiwi","Iiwi",null,null,"ohia and mamane forest of main Hawaiian Islands; now rare",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720844","iiwi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/iiwi","avibase-A71C0CB7",null,null,"Hawaiian Islands ; probably Kauai, fide Stresemann, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 79.",null,null,"Certhia coccinea"],["30315","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Drepanis pacifica","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.470","Hawaii Mamo","Hawaii Mamo","Hawaii Mamo",null,null,"formerly Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1898","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720848","hawmam1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawmam1","avibase-D7D0A5F1",null,null,"in insulis amicis ; error for Hawaii.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/482/mode/1up","Certhia pacifica"],["30316","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Drepanis funerea","Newton, 1894","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893, pt.4 p.690","Black Mamo","Black Mamo","Black Mamo",null,null,"formerly Molokai (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1907","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720852","blkmam","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkmam","avibase-97746C36",null,null,"Molokai.","On a new Species of Drepanis discovered by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111041#page/836/mode/1up","Drepanis funerea"],["30317","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Psittirostra","Temminck, 1820","Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.), seconde édition ed.2, pt.1 p.LXX",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia psittacea [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Psittirostra"],["30318","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Psittirostra psittacea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.844","Ou","Ou","Ou",null,null,"formerly humid montane forest of Hawaii and Kauai (Hawaiian Islands), last reported in the late 1980s; also formerly Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, and Maui; extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720734","ou","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ou","avibase-AC2EDFEE",null,null,"Sandwich Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/345/mode/1up","Loxia psittacea"],["30319","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Dysmorodrepanis","Perkins, 1919","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.3, no.15 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Dysmorodrepanis munroi [Perkins, 1919]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53477#page/289/mode/1up","Dysmorodrepanis"],["30320","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Dysmorodrepanis munroi","Perkins, 1919","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.3, no.15 p.251","Lanai Hookbill","Lanai Hookbill","Lanai Hookbill",null,null,"formerly Lanai (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1920","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720738","lanhoo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lanhoo","avibase-544B1381",null,null,"Kaiholena Valley, Lanai.","XXIII. On a new Genus and Species of Bird of the Family Drepanididae from the Hawaiian Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53477#page/289/mode/1up","Dysmorodrepanis munroi"],["30321","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pseudonestor","Rothschild, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.7 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pseudonestor xanthophrys [Rothschild, 1893]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/61/mode/1up","Pseudonestor"],["30322","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pseudonestor xanthophrys","Rothschild, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.7 p.36","Maui Parrotbill","Maui Parrotbill","Maui Parrotbill",null,null,"Maui (ohia montane forest on east slopes of Haleakala Crater; Hawaiian Islands); very rare",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720753","maupar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/maupar","avibase-99A702C3",null,null,"Maui.","[A new genus and species of Fringilline bird from the Sandwich Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/62/mode/1up","Pseudonestor xanthophrys"],["30323","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hemignathus","Lichtenstein, 1839","Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.449",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Hemignathus lucidus [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1839]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 16).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92137#page/541/mode/1up","Hemignathus"],["30324","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hemignathus lucidus","Lichtenstein, 1839","Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin p.451 pl.5","Oahu Nukupuu","Oahu Nukupuu","Oahu Nukupuu",null,null,"formerly wet ohia forest of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported in the 1860s","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823595","nukupu3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nukupu3","avibase-2019D40E",null,null,"Oahu, Hawaiian group.","Beitrag zur ornithologischen Fauna von Californien nebst Bemerkungen über die Artkennzeichen der Pelicane und über einige Vögel von den Sandwich-Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92137#page/543/mode/1up","Hemignathus lucidus"],["30325","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hemignathus hanapepe","Wilson, 1889","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.4, no.23 p.401,text","Kauai Nukupuu","Kauai Nukupuu","Kauai Nukupuu",null,null,"formerly wet ohia forest of Kauai (Hawaiian Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823616","nukupu2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nukupu2","avibase-FBE9861A",null,null,"Kauai.","LV. On three undescribed Species of the Genus Hemignathus, Lichtenstein.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53340#page/415/mode/1up","Hemignathus hanapepe"],["30326","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hemignathus affinis","Rothschild, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.112","Maui Nukupuu","Maui Nukupuu","Maui Nukupuu",null,null,"formerly wet ohia forest of Maui (Hawaiian Islands); extinct","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823664","nukupu1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nukupu1","avibase-43F17FD6",null,null,"Maui.","Description of Three new Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/142/mode/1up","Hemignathus affinis"],["30327","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Hemignathus wilsoni","(Rothschild, 1893)","The avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands: with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions p.75","Akiapolaau","Akiapolaau","Akiapolaau",null,null,"montane koa forest of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); rare",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720799","akiapo","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/akiapo","avibase-DDE78CC9",null,null,"Maui.",null,null,"Heterorhynchus wilsoni"],["30328","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Magumma","Mathews, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 no.296 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Himatione parva [Stejneger, 1887]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125299#page/121/mode/1up","Magumma"],["30329","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Magumma parva","(Stejneger, 1887)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.609 p.94","Anianiau","Anianiau","Anianiau",null,null,"humid montane forest of Kauai (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720774","aniani","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/aniani","avibase-55DDF05C",null,null,"Kauai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/108/mode/1up","Himatione parva"],["30330","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorodrepanis","Perkins, 1899","Aves Hawaiienses: The Birds of the Sandwich Islands pt7 p.xxi",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Himatione stejnegeri [Wilson, SB, 1890]; type by subsequent designation (Richmond, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 673).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128928#page/35/mode/1up","Chlorodrepanis"],["30331","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri","(Wilson, 1890)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.4, no.30 p.446","Kauai Amakihi","Kauai Amakihi","Kauai Amakihi",null,null,"humid montane ohia/koa forest of Kauai (Hawaiian Islands); now rare",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720756","kauama","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kauama","avibase-5305B509",null,null,"Kauai, Hawaii group",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/570/mode/1up","Himatione stejnegeri"],["30332","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorodrepanis flava","(Bloxam, 1827)","Voyage of H. M. S. Blonde to the Sandwich Islands, in the years 1824-1825 (1826) App.3 p.249","Oahu Amakihi","Oahu Amakihi","Oahu Amakihi",null,null,"humid montane forest of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728299","oahama","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oahama","avibase-0A603DFD",null,null,"Oahu.",null,null,"Nectarinia flava"],["30333","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorodrepanis virens","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.479","Hawaii Amakihi","Hawaii Amakihi","Hawaii Amakihi",null,null,"humid montane forest on Moloka'i (where very rare), Maui, and Hawai'i, and formerly Lana'i (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720766","hawama","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawama","avibase-ABB15738",null,null,"Sandwich Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/491/mode/1up","Certhia virens"],["30334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorodrepanis virens wilsoni","(Rothschild, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.8 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"ohia and mamane forest of Maui and Molokai (where now rare); formerly Lanai (Hawaiian Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB443570",null,null,"Maui.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/68/mode/1up","Himatione wilsoni"],["30335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chlorodrepanis virens virens","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"ohia and mamane forest of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3660613",null,null,"Sandwich Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/491/mode/1up","Certhia virens"],["30336","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Viridonia","Rothschild, 1892","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10 p.112.",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Extinct",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Viridonia sagittirostris [Rothschild, 1892]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/126/mode/1up","Viridonia"],["30337","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Viridonia sagittirostris","Rothschild, 1892","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.10, no.55 p.112","Greater Amakihi","Greater Amakihi","Greater Amakihi",null,null,"formerly Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); extinct, last reported 1901","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720784","greama","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greama","avibase-8FE1196F",null,null,"lower slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawaii.","XI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/126/mode/1up","Viridonia sagittirostris"],["30338","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxops","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.330",null,null,null,"2025-1140","Taxon <em>mana </em>is placed in <em>Loxops </em>rather than <em>Manucerthia </em>based on the lack of major phenotypic differences, and relatively shallow mitochondrial and nuclear DNA divergence (Fleischer et al. 2001; Reding et al. 2009; Lerner et al. 2011). The only anomalous character of <em>L. mana</em> is its lack of a tubular tongue, which may be a paedomorphic feature (Olson 2015b).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla coccinea [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/338/mode/1up","Loxops"],["30339","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxops mana","(Wilson, 1891)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.7, no.41 p.460","Hawaii Creeper","Hawaii Creeper","Hawaii Creeper","2025-1140","Taxon <em>mana </em>is placed in <em>Loxops </em>rather than <em>Manucerthia </em>based on the lack of major phenotypic differences, and relatively shallow mitochondrial and nuclear DNA divergence (Fleischer et al. 2001; Reding et al. 2009; Lerner et al. 2011). The only anomalous character of <em>L. mana</em> is its lack of a tubular tongue, which may be a paedomorphic feature (Olson 2015b).","mixed koa/ohia montane forest of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720814","hawcre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawcre","avibase-DD65F272",null,null,"Hawaii.","LI. Descriptions of two new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63422#page/496/mode/1up","Himatione mana"],["30340","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxops caeruleirostris","(Wilson, 1890)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889, pt.4, no.30 p.445","Akekee","Akekee","Akekee",null,null,"Kauai (Kokee and Alakai Swamp environs; Hawaiian Islands); very rare",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720832","akekee","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/akekee","avibase-0F8900D1",null,null,"Kauai.","Descriptions of some new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96894#page/569/mode/1up","Chrysomitridops caeruleirostris"],["30341","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxops wolstenholmei","Rothschild, 1893","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.10 p.56","Oahu Akepa","Oahu Akepa","Oahu Akepa",null,null,"formerly montane ohia and koa forest on Oahu (Hawaiian Islands); extinct ca. 1900","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103824105","akepa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/akepa2","avibase-AF12BC31",null,null,"Oahu Island, Hawaii",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/82/mode/1up","Loxops wolstenholmei"],["30342","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxops coccineus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.921 spdP","Hawaii Akepa","Hawaii Akepa","Hawaii Akepa",null,null,"montane ohia and koa forest of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands), where now very local",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823991","akepa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/akepa1","avibase-B690DF97",null,null,"Sandwich Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/422/mode/1up","Fringilla coccinea"],["30343","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxops ochraceus","Rothschild, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.17 p.112-113","Maui Akepa","Maui Akepa","Maui Akepa",null,null,"formerly montane ohia and koa forest of Maui (Hawaiian Islands); extinct (last recorded 1988)","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103824084","akepa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/akepa3","avibase-8904189E",null,null,"Maui.","Description of Three new Birds from the Sandwich Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/142/mode/1up","Loxops ochracea"],["30344","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.iv pl.1 fig.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pinicola rubra [Vieillot, 1807]; type by monotypy = Loxia enucleator Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/22/mode/1up","Pinicola"],["30345","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171","Pine Grosbeak","Pine Grosbeak","Pine Grosbeak",null,null,"Scandinavia through Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Kuril Islands (eastern Russia) and Hokkaido (northern Japan); western Alaska through eastern Canada, and high montane western North America to California and New Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720625","pingro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pingro","avibase-83AC4DAD",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia enucleator"],["30346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator enucleator","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Scandinavia (southern Norway and central and northern Sweden) eastward to western Siberia (Yenisey River); winters southward to southern Sweden and southwestern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4649A9BD",null,null,"Sweden.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia enucleator"],["30347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator kamtschatkensis","(Dybowski, 1883)","Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 8ème vol. p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Siberia (east of Yenisey River and Sayan Mountains) eastward in northeastern Russia to Anadyrland, Kolyma Basin, Sea of Okhotsk, and Kamchatka, southward to central Altai Mountains, northeastern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and Stanovoy Mountians; winters southward to northeastern China (Heilongjiang and Liaoning)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C864DC6",null,null,"Kamchatka.","Remarques sur les oiseaux du Kamtschatka et les Iles Comandores.",null,"Corythus enucleator kamtschathensis"],["30348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator sakhalinensis","Buturlin, 1915","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.2 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BA765C5",null,null,"Chakvo Lagoon, northern Sakhalin.","[New forms of birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/507/mode/1up","Pinicola enucleator sakhalinensis"],["30349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator flammula","Homeyer, 1880","Journal für Ornithologie 28, no.150 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in rainforests of coastal Alaska from Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island to southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia (Stikine River); winters mainly in breeding range, wandering southward occasionally to Vancouver Island and northern coast of British Columbia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D6C87D1",null,null,"northwestern America ; restricted to Alaska by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 322.","Meine ornithologische Sammlung.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101708#page/168/mode/1up","Pinicola flammula"],["30350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator carlottae","Brooks, 1922","The Condor 24, no.3 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in Queen Charlotte Islands and possibly northern Vancouver Island and adjacent mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79578796",null,null,"Masset, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.","Notes on the American Pine Grosbeaks with the description of a new subspecies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol24/iss3/3/","Pinicola enucleator carlottae"],["30351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator montana","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.4 p.319-320",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in the Rocky Mountains from northern British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona, wintering to foothills of Rocky Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6893941",null,null,"Bear Creek, Gallatin County, Montana.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Pinicola enucleator montana"],["30352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator californica","Price, 1897","The Auk 14, no.2 p.182-184",null,null,null,null,null,"resident in Sierra Nevada Mountains, California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31C6BA97",null,null,"Pyramid Peak, about 7,500 ft., near Echo Post Office, Eldorado County, California.","Description of a new Pine Grosbeak from California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/6/","Pinicola enucleator californica"],["30353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pinicola enucleator leucura","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds across boreal and taiga zones from Alaska eastward to Newfoundland and southern Quebec; winters irregularly to south of breeding range",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9938B80",null,null,"Canada; restricted to 'around city of Quebec in winter' by Griscom, 1934, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 14, p. 11.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/170/mode/1up","Loxia leucura"],["30354","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia pyrrhula [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Loxia pyrrhula Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110951#page/382/mode/1up","Pyrrhula"],["30355","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula leucogenis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.41","White-cheeked Bullfinch","White-cheeked Bullfinch","White-cheeked Bullfinch",null,null,"montane northern Luzon, Panay (form uncertain), and Mindanao (northern, west-central, and southern Philippines)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720659","whcbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcbul1","avibase-14C7C939",null,null,"mountains of Lepanto, northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/267/mode/1up","Pyrrhula leucogenis"],["30356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula leucogenis leucogenis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Cordillera and Zambales mountains, in northern Luzon (northern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A635CEFF",null,null,"mountains of Lepanto, northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/267/mode/1up","Pyrrhula leucogenis"],["30357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula leucogenis steerei","Mearns, 1909","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 36, no.1679 p.445-447",null,null,null,null,null,"mounts Malindang, Kitanglad, Hilong-Hilong, Apo, and Mayo, in Mindanao (southern Philippines)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D29B4EC9",null,null,"summit of Mount Bliss, 5,750 ft., northwestern Mindanao.","Additions to the list of Philippine birds, with descriptions of new and rare species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53526#page/553/mode/1up","Pyrrhula steerei"],["30358","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula nipalensis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.155","Brown Bullfinch","Brown Bullfinch",null,"2025-1105","Taxon <em>waterstradti </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pyrrhula nipalensis</em> based on available evidence. Although widely allopatric, plumage differences are relatively minor, and detailed studies of vocalizations and genetics are lacking; further research needed.","Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh to west-central and southeastern China (including Hainan), mountains of northern southeastern Asia, southern Vietnam, and Malayan Peninsula",null,null,null,"brobul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brobul1","avibase-964205CA",null,null,"central and northern Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/205/mode/1up","Pyrrhula nipalensis"],["30359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula nipalensis nipalensis","Hodgson, 1836","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh to Arunachal Pradesh)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF47BF6A",null,null,"central and northern Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/205/mode/1up","Pyrrhula nipalensis"],["30360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula nipalensis ricketti","La Touche, 1905","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Tibet to southern China, northeastern India, and northern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15CD5A01",null,null,"mountains of northwestern Fukien.","On new species from S.E. China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/45/mode/1up","Pyrrhula ricketti"],["30361","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula nipalensis victoriae","Rippon, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern India (Mizoram Hills) and southwestern Myanmar (southern Chin Hills)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58E5428E",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, 7,000 ft., southern Chin Hills, Burma.","On two new species from Mount Victoria, Chin Hills.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/73/mode/1up","Pyrrhula victoriae"],["30362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula nipalensis waterstradti","Hartert, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Malayan Peninsula (Perak, Pahang, and Selangor)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B46569BF",null,null,"Mount Tahan, northern Pahang, Malaya.","[Exhibition and description of a remarkable Bullfinch].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/329/mode/1up","Pyrrhula waterstradti"],["30363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula nipalensis uchidai","Kuroda, 1916","Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 9 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44949B4B",null,null,"Shishaban, Ako, Formosa [reference not verified].","Notes on Formosan Birds, with description of a new Bullfinch.",null,"Pyrrhula uchidai"],["30364","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula murina","Godman, 1866","Ibis ser.2, vol.2, no.5 p.97-98","Azores Bullfinch","Azores Bullfinch","Azores Bullfinch",null,null,"mountains of eastern São Miguel, in eastern Azores",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720676","eurbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurbul1","avibase-0788A895",null,null,"São Miguel, eastern Azores.","Notes on the Birds of the Azores.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258424#page/123/mode/1up","Pyrrhula murina"],["30365","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171","Eurasian Bullfinch","Eurasian Bullfinch","Eurasian Bullfinch",null,null,"lowland to montane coniferous and mixed forest, deciduous woodland, bamboo thickets, hedgerows, parks, and gardens, from British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to Kamchatka and Japan (to central Honshu), and southward to Spain, central Europe, Caucasus, and Mongolia; some populations migrate to Mediterranean Europe, Middle East, Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720671","eurbul","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurbul","avibase-24764DC7",null,null,"Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia Pyrrhula"],["30366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula pileata","MacGillivray, 1837","A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations (etc.) 1 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-335B5774",null,null,"Great Britain.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32544#page/439/mode/1up","Pyrrhula pileata"],["30367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula pyrrhula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and south-central Europe eastward to central Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC5B89A1",null,null,"Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia Pyrrhula"],["30368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula europaea","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 4 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Europe (western and central France, Netherlands, and western Denmark, southward to Italy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4AFD7FF",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Normandie, Bretagne, and Anjou, western France, by Mayaud, 1933, Alauda, 5, p. 462.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68871#page/298/mode/1up","Pyrrhula europoea"],["30369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae","Voous, 1952","Limosa 24 (3-4) p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern France (Pyrenees), northern Portugal, and northern Spain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72D237E0",null,null,"Linares de Riofrio, Salamanca, western Spain.","A new race of Bullfinch from the Iberian Peninsula.",null,"Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae"],["30370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula rossikowi","Derjugin, 1900","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 5(1) p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Türkiye and the Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63370513",null,null,"Tchorokh, Transcaucasia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35242#page/357/mode/1up","Pyrrhula pyrrhula rossikowi"],["30371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula cineracea","Cabanis, 1872","Journal für Ornithologie 20, no.118 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"western, south-central, and eastern Siberia (River Ob, western Altai, and northern Sayan Mountains eastward to Sea of Okhotsk and Japan Sea), northeastern Kazakhstan, and northern Mongolia, probably also northeastern China (northeastern Inner Mongolia and northern Heilongjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E0E4DC4",null,null,"no type locality; Lake Baikal, designated by Cabanis, 1871, ibid., 19, p. 318.","[Über Pyrrhula Cassini und cineracea aus Sibirien und über einige neue Arten, welche von Herrn Jagor auf Luzon gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102848#page/328/mode/1up","Pyrrhula cineracea"],["30372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula caspica","Witherby, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 23 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Azerbaijan and far northwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC5CB524",null,null,"south coast of Caspian Sea ; type from Mazenderan, northern Iran, fide Vaurie, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit, no. 1788, p. 13.","Exhibition of a new subspecies of Bullfinch from the South Coast of the Caspian Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/420/mode/1up","Pyrrhula pyrrhula caspica"],["30373","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula cassinii","Baird, 1869","Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1, (not earlier than October 22) p.316, pl.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Russian Far East (western and northern shores of Sea of Okhotsk, southern Koryakland, Kamchatka, and northern Kuril Islands); migrates southward to southeastern Russia (Amurland and Ussuriland), Sakhalin, and northeastern China (Heilongjiang southward to northern Hebei)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF0682BF",null,null,"Nulato, Yukon River, Alaska.",null,null,"Pyrrhula coccinea cassinii"],["30374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula griseiventris","de Lafresnaye, 1841","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.241",null,null,null,null,null,"Kuril Islands southward to Honshu (central Japan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FAECFE2",null,null,"no locality; Japan designated by Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Avium, 1 (1850), p. 525.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/249/mode/1up","Pyrrula griseiventris"],["30375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula pyrrhula rosacea","Seebohm, 1882","Ibis ser.4, vol.6, no.23 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"Sakhalin Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B97D0F7",null,null,"Yokohama, Honshu.","Further Contributions to the Ornithology of Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35128#page/421/mode/1up","Pyrrhula rosacea"],["30376","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula aurantiaca","Gould, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.222","Orange Bullfinch","Orange Bullfinch","Orange Bullfinch",null,null,"montane forest of northern Pakistan to northwestern India (Himachal Pradesh)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720662","orabul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orabul1","avibase-77B73033",null,null,"Kashmir.","On several New Species of Birds from various parts of the World.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/234/mode/1up","Pyrrhula aurantiaca"],["30377","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula erythrocephala","Vigors, 1832","A century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains no.18 text to pl.32","Red-headed Bullfinch","Red-headed Bullfinch","Red-headed Bullfinch",null,null,"montane forest from western Kashmir eastward through Himalayas to western Arunachal Pradesh and southern and southeastern Tibet",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720665","rehbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehbul1","avibase-9A1D7F23",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132967#page/145/mode/1up","Pyrrhula erythrocephala"],["30378","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula erythaca","Blyth, 1862","Ibis ser.1, vol.4 p.389","Grey-headed Bullfinch","Gray-headed Bullfinch",null,"2025-1104","Taxon <em>owstoni </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Pyrrhula erythaca</em> based on differences in male plumage, vocalizations, and multilocus DNA data (Dong et al. 2020). However, vocalizations are highly variable and a formal bioacoustic analysis with dense sampling will be needed to confirm this treatment.","patchy in submontane to montane coniferous forest, mixed and deciduous forest, and rhododendron and willow thickets, from northeastern China southward to south-central China, northeastern India, Bhutan, and northern Myanmar; downslope dispersal in winter",null,null,null,"gyhbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbul2","avibase-1C8E0DB2",null,null,"Sikkim.","[Notes from Mr. Blyth's more recent letters].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34369#page/437/mode/1up","Pyrrhula erythaca"],["30379","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhula owstoni","Rothschild & Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.9","Taiwan Bullfinch","Taiwan Bullfinch",null,"2025-1104","Taxon <em>owstoni </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Pyrrhula erythaca</em> based on differences in male plumage, vocalizations, and multilocus DNA data (Dong et al. 2020). However, vocalizations are highly variable and a formal bioacoustic analysis with dense sampling will be needed to confirm this treatment.","mountains of Taiwan",null,null,null,"gyhbul5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbul5","avibase-BD3982A7",null,null,"Mt. Arizan, Formosa.","Exhibition of a new Bullfinch from Mount Arizan, Formosa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/35/mode/1up","Pyrrhula erythaca owstoni"],["30380","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodopechys","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla sanguinea [Gould, 1838]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/173/mode/1up","Rhodopechys"],["30381","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodopechys sanguineus","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.127","Crimson-winged Finch","Crimson-winged Finch",null,"2025-1103","Taxon <em>alienus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Rhodopechys sanguineus</em> pending further research. Sometimes split as a species based on relatively minor differences in plumage and wing length (Kirwan et al. 2006); analysis of vocalizations and genetics needed.","mountains of Morocco and Algeria, and Türkiye to Caucasus, Iran, northern Afghanistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,"crwfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crwfin2","avibase-B345F82B",null,null,"Erzurum, Turkey.","Observations upon a small collection of Birds from Erzeroum, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/299/mode/1up","Fringilla sanguinea"],["30382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodopechys sanguineus sanguineus","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Türkiye to Caucasus, Iran, northern Afghanistan, and northwestern India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7782AD9F",null,null,"Erzurum, Turkey.","Observations upon a small collection of Birds from Erzeroum, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/299/mode/1up","Fringilla sanguinea"],["30383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodopechys sanguineus alienus","Whitaker, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Morocco and Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAF23C54",null,null,"Morocco; restricted to Glaoui, Great Atlas, by Whitaker, 1898, Ibis, p. 601.","[Description of two apparently new species of birds from Marocco].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/456/mode/1up","Rhodopechys aliena"],["30384","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Bucanetes","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pyrrhula payraudaei [Audouin, 1826]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 81). = Fringilla githaginea M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/180/mode/1up","Bucanetes"],["30385","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Bucanetes mongolicus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.447","Mongolian Finch","Mongolian Finch","Mongolian Finch",null,null,"sparse montane vegetation of southwestern and central Asia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720520","monfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monfin2","avibase-B8FE90AC",null,null,"Kerning, between Kalgan and Nankow, southern Chahar, China.","Zoological Notes of a Journey from Canton to Peking and Kalgan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/535/mode/1up","Carpodacus mongolicus"],["30386","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Bucanetes githagineus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24","Trumpeter Finch","Trumpeter Finch","Trumpeter Finch",null,null,"Canary Islands, Mauritania, and Morocco to southern Egypt to northern Sudan, and Israel and Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720513","trufin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trufin2","avibase-8049F707",null,null,"Deram, Upper Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla githaginea"],["30387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Bucanetes githagineus amantum","(Hartert, 1903)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Canary Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2122129D",null,null,"Oliva, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/151/mode/1up","Erythrospiza githaginea amantum"],["30388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Bucanetes githagineus zedlitzi","(Neumann, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania to Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D408A6F",null,null,"western Biskra, Algeria.","Über die geographischen Formen des Wüstenstrompeters.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/163/mode/1up","Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi"],["30389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Bucanetes githagineus githagineus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Egypt to northern Sudan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2504A0D",null,null,"Deram, Upper Egypt.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla githaginea"],["30390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Bucanetes githagineus crassirostris","(Blyth, 1847)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16, pt.1 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"Israel to Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06FAC7CD",null,null,"Afghanistan.","Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds. (Continued from page 157.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124006#page/532/mode/1up","Carpodacus crassirostris"],["30391","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Agraphospiza","Zuccon, Prŷs-Jones, Rasmussen & Ericson, 2012","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 no.2 p.581-596",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Procarduelis rubescens [Blanford, 1872]; type by original designation",null,"The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae).","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51739089","Agraphospiza"],["30392","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Agraphospiza rubescens","(Blanford, 1872)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.3 p.694 pl.74","Blanford's Rosefinch","Blanford's Rosefinch","Blanford's Rosefinch",null,null,"coniferous forest of Nepal to southeastern Tibet and southwestern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720546","blaros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaros1","avibase-A8EC7456",null,null,"Sikkim.","Description of a new Himalayan Finch, Procarduelis rubescens.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/868/mode/1up","Procarduelis rubescens"],["30393","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhoplectes","Hodgson, 1844","The zoological miscellany 3 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pyrrhula epauletta [Hodgson, 1836]; type by monotypy",null,"Catalogue of Nipalese Birds collected between 1824 and 1844.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/105/mode/1up","Pyrrhoplectes"],["30394","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Pyrrhoplectes epauletta","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.156","Golden-naped Finch","Gold-naped Finch","Gold-naped Finch",null,null,"montane forest from west-central Nepal eastward to southwestern China (southern and southeastern Tibet, and far western Yunnan), and northern Myanmar",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720718","gonfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gonfin1","avibase-88F67B5E",null,null,"northern and central Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/206/mode/1up","Pyrrhula epauletta"],["30395","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Callacanthis","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxviii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Carduelis Burtoni [Gould, 1838]",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/181/mode/1up","Callacanthis"],["30396","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Callacanthis burtoni","(Gould, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.57 p.90","Spectacled Finch","Spectacled Finch","Spectacled Finch",null,null,"Himalayas from northwestern Pakistan eastward to Nepal and rarely Sikkim",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720499","spefin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spefin1","avibase-0134A6D7",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Srinagar, Kashmir, by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 729.","Description of a New Kingfisher and a New Goldfinch from the collection of the Museum at Fort Pitt, Chatham.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/262/mode/1up","Carduelis Burtoni"],["30397","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Procarduelis","Blyth, 1843","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, pt.2, no.143 p.985",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Linota saturata [Blyth, 1842]; type by monotypy = Carduelis nipalensis Hodgson, 1836",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123810#page/501/mode/1up","Procarduelis"],["30398","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Procarduelis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.157","Dark-breasted Rosefinch","Dark-breasted Rosefinch","Dark-breasted Rosefinch",null,null,"montane to alpine oak and fir forest, rhododendron scrub, bamboo, alpine meadow, and rocks above tree-line, from Kashmir eastward through Himalayas to Tibet and central China, and southward to northern Myanmar and south-central China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720550","dabros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dabros1","avibase-9058051F",null,null,"central and northern Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/207/mode/1up","Carduelis nipalensis"],["30399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Procarduelis nipalensis kangrae","Whistler, 1939","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir eastward to western Uttarakhand)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2829F3E1",null,null,"Dharmsala, Kangra, northern Punjab.","New Races of a Tailor-bird and Rose-Finch from Ceylon and the Himalayas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125339#page/46/mode/1up","Procarduelis nipalensis kangrae"],["30400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Procarduelis nipalensis nipalensis","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Himalayas eastward to central China and southward to northeastern Myanmar and northwestern Vietnam",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A6E75D6",null,null,"central and northern Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/207/mode/1up","Carduelis nipalensis"],["30401","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.265,493",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis [Swainson, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/397/mode/1up","Leucosticte"],["30402","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte nemoricola","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.158","Plain Mountain Finch","Plain Mountain Finch","Plain Mountain-finch",null,null,"alpine meadows and subalpine scrub from eastern Kazakhstan northeastward to Altay and Tuva regions (south-central Russia), western and northwestern Xinjiang (northwestern China), and western Mongolia; in south through northeastern Afghanistan, eastward in Karakorum, Tibet, and Inner Himalayas to far northern Myanmar and northwestern Yunnan, northern Qinghai, Gansu, and southern Shaanxi (north-central China); winters to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720467","plmfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plmfin1","avibase-AC494997",null,null,"central and northern Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/208/mode/1up","Fringilauda nemoricola"],["30403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte nemoricola altaica","(Eversmann, 1848)","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 21 no.1 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Afghanistan to northwestern China (western Xinjiang) and Altai Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF06F138",null,null,"Uimon, southern Altai.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107042#page/229/mode/1up","Fringilla altaica"],["30404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte nemoricola nemoricola","(Hodgson, 1836)","Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas (Nepal to western China); winters to northern Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-053586E7",null,null,"central and northern Nepal.","Notices of the Ornithology of Nèpál.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137987#page/208/mode/1up","Fringilauda nemoricola"],["30405","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.537","Brandt's Mountain Finch","Black-headed Mountain Finch","Brandt's Mountain-finch",null,null,"barren high-alpine zone from eastern Kazakhstan northeastward to Altay and Tuva regions (south-central Russia), western and northwestern Xinjiang (northwestern China), and northern and western Mongolia; in south through northeastern Afghanistan, east in Karakorum, Tibet, and Inner Himalayas to far northern Myanmar, northeastward to northern Qinghai and northwestern Gansu (north-central China); some winter to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720472","bhmfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhmfin1","avibase-D12C9F11",null,null,"eastern Siberia; amended to Turkestan by Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 137; restricted to Zailiski Ala Tau by Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 621.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/827/mode/1up","Leucosticte brandti"],["30406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti margaritacea","(Madarász, 1904)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Kazakhstan (Tarbagatay and Altai mountains), southern Russia (Altai, western Tuva, and western Sayan Mountains), northwestern China (northern Xinjiang), and western Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFC079E8",null,null,"Katon Karagai, southeastern Russian Altai, eastern Kazakhstan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101402#page/212/mode/1up","Montifringilia margaritacea"],["30407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti brandti","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"Kyrgyzstan, southeastern Kazakhstan (Dzhungarskiy Alatau and Tian Shan) and western China (western and central Xinjiang); non-breeding also northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6392E36F",null,null,"eastern Siberia; amended to Turkestan by Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 137; restricted to Zailiski Ala Tau by Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 621.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/827/mode/1up","Leucosticte brandti"],["30408","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti pamirensis","Severtsov, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan (Pamir-Alai and southern Tian Shan mountains), northeastern Afghanistan, and western China (southwestern Xinjiang); non-breeding also northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0526E4FD",null,null,"Kyzyl-art Pass, Trans- Alai range, and Pamir; restricted to Kyzyl-art Pass by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 54.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/92/mode/1up","Leucosticte pamirensis"],["30409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti haematopygia","(Gould, 1851)","The birds of Asia 5 pt3 pl.3,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas from northern Pakistan to western and southern Tibet and Bhutan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62D4832B",null,null,"Tibet; restricted to Tso Morari, Ladak [=Ladakh, India], by Kinnear, 1922, Ibis, p. 519.",null,null,"Montifringilia haematopygia"],["30410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti pallidior","Bianchi, 1908","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 13 No.1,2 p.45,55",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central China (Kunlun Shan eastward to northern Qinghai); non-breeding eastward to northwestern Gansu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C1A3B21",null,null,"northern Tibet and western Nan Shan ; restricted to Qarasai, western Astin Tagh, Sinkiang by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 51.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37010#page/197/mode/1up","Leucosticte haematopygia pallidior"],["30411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti intermedia","Stegmann, 1932","Journal für Ornithologie 80, no.1 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"central China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84949325",null,null,"Buckhan Boda Shan, Tsinghai.","Untersuchungen über palaearktische „Schneefinken“","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_80_1932_0099-0114.pdf#page=15","Leucosticte brandti intermedia"],["30412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte brandti walteri","(Hartert, 1904)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Tibet and southwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D16B7EB",null,null,"Sungpan, northern Szechwan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/206/mode/1up","Montifringilla brandti walteri"],["30413","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte arctoa","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.21","Asian Rosy Finch","Asian Rosy-Finch","Asian Rosy-finch",null,null,"subarctic to temperate central and northeastern Palearctic in Altai to eastern Russia in barren alpine rocky areas and snowfields: northeastern Kazakhstan, Altay, and Tuva regions (south-central Siberia) and western and northern Mongolia; disjunctly Baikal area to Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka, and northern Kuril Islands (eastern Russia), northwestern Inner Mongolia (far northern China), and (perhaps) central Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters to lowland Sakhalin, northeastern coastal China, Korean Peninsula, and Hokkaido to central Honshu (northern and central Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720477","asrfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/asrfin1","avibase-B150BF7F",null,null,"Yenisei River and eastern Siberia; restricted to Russian Altai by Kozlova, 1934, Ibis, p. 293.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/37/mode/1up","Passer arctous"],["30414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte arctoa arctoa","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Russian Altai",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46600A08",null,null,"Yenisei River and eastern Siberia; restricted to Russian Altai by Kozlova, 1934, Ibis, p. 293.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/37/mode/1up","Passer arctous"],["30415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte arctoa cognata","(Madarász, 1909)","Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 7 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Sayan Mountains and adjacent mountains on Russia/Mongolia border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E204238",null,null,"Tunkan Alps, eastern Sayans.",null,"http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1909_Vol_7_175.pdf","Montifringilia cognata"],["30416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte arctoa sushkini","Stegmann, 1932","Journal für Ornithologie 80, no.1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mongolia (Khangai region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D6891FE",null,null,"[not verified].","Untersuchungen über palaearktische „Schneefinken“","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_80_1932_0099-0114.pdf#page=8","Leucosticte arctoa sushkini"],["30417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte arctoa gigliolii","Salvadori, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.3 p.579-580, pl. XLIV",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains north of Lake Baikal (eastward to Yablonovy Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2B2AB35",null,null,"Dauria.","Description of a New Species of the Genus Leucosticte.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/695/mode/1up","Leucosticte gigliolii"],["30418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte arctoa brunneonucha","(Brandt, 1842)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 10, no.14-16 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of eastern Siberia (Lena River to Kamchatka and Kuril Islands); winters China southward to Hebei, Korean Peninsula, and main islands of Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-880579EE",null,null,"Kuriles",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151931#page/142/mode/1up","Fringilla (Linaria) brunneonucha"],["30419","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.265, pl.50","Grey-crowned Rosy Finch","Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch","Grey-crowned Rosy-Finch",null,null,"breeds patchily in alpine areas near glaciers, cliffs, and outcrops above treeline from northern Alaska, including the Aleutians and Pribilof Islands, and northern Yukon (northwestern Canada), southward in western USA mountains eastward to northwestern Montana and southward to east-central California; winters at somewhat lower elevations from southwestern Canada southward to northern New Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720482","gcrfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gcrfin","avibase-029491CD",null,null,"on the Saskatchewan ; type from near Carlton House, Saskatchewan, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 262.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/397/mode/1up","Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis"],["30420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis maxima","Brooks, 1915","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 59, no.5 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Commander Islands (southeastern Siberia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5AA413D",null,null,"Copper Island, Commander Islands [Kamchatka, Russia]","Notes on birds from east Siberia and arctic Alaska.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30030#page/473/mode/1up","Leucosticte griseonucha maxima"],["30421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis griseonucha","(Brandt, 1842)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 10, no.14-16 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island, and southern and western Alaska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A68678F",null,null,"Aleutian Islands, Alaska",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151931#page/142/mode/1up","Fringilla (Linaria) griseonucha"],["30422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis umbrina","Murie, 1944","The Condor 46, no.3 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Matthew and the Pribilof islands (Bering Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01848F90",null,null,"St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.","Two new subspecies of birds from Alaska.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol46/iss3/4/","Leucosticte tephrocotis umbrina"],["30423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis","Baird, 1869","Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1 p.318 pl.28 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central Alaska to southwestern Yukon, western Canada, and northwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DD870F0",null,null,"Sitka and Fort Simpson, British Columbia; type from Port Simpson, British Columbia, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 618.",null,null,"Leucosticte littoralis"],["30424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.265, pl.50",null,null,null,null,null,"Brooks Range (northern Alaska), mountains of Yukon and western Alberta to southeastern British Columbia and northwestern Montana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ECD4228",null,null,"on the Saskatchewan ; type from near Carlton House, Saskatchewan, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 262.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/397/mode/1up","Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis"],["30425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis dawsoni","Grinnell, 1913","The Condor 15, no.2 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern California (Sierra Nevada, and White and Inyo mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE61C6FA",null,null,"Whitney Meadows, 9,800 ft.. Sierra Nevada, Tulare County, California.","Leucosticte Tephrocotis Dawsoni-A New Race of Rosy Finch from the Sierra Nevada","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol15/iss2/5/","Leucosticte tephrocotis dawsoni"],["30426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte tephrocotis wallowa","Miller, 1939","The Condor 41, no.1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Wallowa Mountains (northeastern Oregon); winters to west-central Nevada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95D95E26",null,null,"18 miles south, 2 miles east, Lostine, 8,800 ft. (north face of Elkhorn Peak), Wallowa Mountains, Wallowa County, Oregon.","The Breeding Leucostictes of the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol41/iss1/16/","Leucosticte tephrocotis wallotva"],["30427","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte atrata","Ridgway, 1874","The American Sportsman, devoted exclusively to shooting, fishing and practical natural history 4 p.241","Black Rosy Finch","Black Rosy-Finch","Black Rosy-finch",null,null,"breeds mountains of Idaho and Montana to Nevada and Utah; winters to Arizona",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720488","bkrfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkrfin","avibase-A8F0BE19",null,null,"Canon City, Colorado.",null,null,"Leucosticte atrata"],["30428","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Leucosticte australis","Ridgway, 1874","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5 p.189,197","Brown-capped Rosy Finch","Brown-capped Rosy-Finch","Brown-capped Rosy-finch",null,null,"mountains of southeastern Wyoming, Colorado, and north-central New Mexico",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728985","bcrfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcrfin","avibase-0B90527D",null,null,"Mt. Lincoln, Colorado.","On some new forms of American Birds.",null,"Leucosticte tephrocotis, var. australis"],["30429","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla purpurea [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12, p. 387).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/319/mode/1up","Haemorhous"],["30430","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.165","House Finch","House Finch","House Finch",null,null,"desert scrub, cacti, and grassland, and varied woodland and anthropogenic habitats from southern British Columbia eastward to Nova Scotia (southwestern to southeastern Canada) southward in western USA through Mexico to northern Oaxaca and Veracruz, including Baja California and Isla Guadalupe; introduced to Hawaii, and to northeastern USA from whence has spread to southeastern Canada to Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720563","houfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houfin","avibase-89431E9F",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Valley of Mexico by Moore, 1939, Condor, 41, p. 201.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/185/mode/1up","Fringilla mexicana"],["30431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus frontalis","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Canada through USA and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EC8F197",null,null,"Arkansas River, near the mountains [= near Colorado Springs, Colorado] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/52/mode/1up","Fringilla frontalis"],["30432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus mcgregori","(Anthony, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.2 p.165-166",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly San Benito and Cedros islands (off Baja California); extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-E387AF18",null,null,"San Benito Island, Baja California.","New birds from the islands and peninsula of Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/4/","Carpodacus mcgregori"],["30433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus amplus","(Ridgway, 1876)","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadalupe Island (off Baja California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFA6870B",null,null,"Guadalupe Island, Baja California.",null,null,"Carpodacus amplus"],["30434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus ruberrimus","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.391",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E77608A",null,null,"'Cape St. Lucas', Baja California; lectotype from La Paz, vide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 611.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/70999#page/411/mode/1up","Carpodacus frontalis ruberrimus"],["30435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus sonoriensis","(Ridgway, 1901)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.1 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Sonora, southwestern Chihuahua, and northern Sinaloa (west-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D7F51A2",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora, Mexico",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32365#page/175/mode/1up","Carpodacus mexicanus sonoriensis"],["30436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus coccineus","(Moore, 1939)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of west-central Mexico (southern Nayarit and western Zacatecas to western Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C36F3416",null,null,"'Mts. of Colima' [= probably at 6,000 ft. on Volcán de Nieve, Jalisco, see Moore, loc. cit., p. 129], Mexico.","New races of the genera Sialia and Carpodacus from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/150/mode/1up","Carpodacus mexicanus coccineus"],["30437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus potosinus","(Griscom, 1928)","American Museum Novitates no.293 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Rio Grande Valley, southern Texas (USA) to Chihuahua and southwestern Tamaulipas (northern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-062425CB",null,null,"San Luis Potosí, Mexico.","New Birds from Mexico and Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4117/","Carpodacus mexicanus potosinus"],["30438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus centralis","(Moore, 1937)","The Condor 39, no.5 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexican plateau (Guanajuato, Querétaro, and adjacent states)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66384FAB",null,null,"Guanajuato, Mexico.","A new House Finch from Central Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol39/iss5/6/","Carpodacus mexicanus centralis"],["30439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus mexicanus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"southern central Mexican plateau (eastern Michoacán to Hidalgo and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-737BD619",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Valley of Mexico by Moore, 1939, Condor, 41, p. 201.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/185/mode/1up","Fringilla mexicana"],["30440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus roseipectus","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Puebla and Valley of Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F6EA326",null,null,"Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/444/mode/1up","Carpodacus roseipectus"],["30441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous mexicanus griscomi","(Moore, 1939)","The Condor 41, no.5 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7696CEE1",null,null,"Amogileca [= Amojileca], Guerrero, Mexico.","A review of the House Finches of the subgenus Burrica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol41/iss5/1/","Carpodacus mexicanus griscomi"],["30442","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous cassinii","(Baird, 1854)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.3 p.119","Cassin's Finch","Cassin's Finch","Cassin's Finch",null,null,"mountains of southwestern Canada to central Mexico and southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720560","casfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casfin","avibase-AC1E519F",null,null,"Camp 104, Pueblo Creek, New Mexico [= 10 miles east of Gemini Peak, Yavapai County, Arizona, fide Duvall, 1945, Condor, 47, pp. 203-204].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/141/mode/1up","Carpodacus cassinii"],["30443","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous purpureus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.923","Purple Finch","Purple Finch","Purple Finch",null,null,"breeds in moist coniferous and mixed forests and riparian woodland from southern Yukon and southern Northwest Territories eastward to Newfoundland (southwestern to eastern Canada) southward in western USA to southern California, and in eastern USA from northern Minnesota eastward to Maine, and southward in the Appalachians to West Virginia; winters southward to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico) and throughout eastern USA sporadically to northern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720553","purfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purfin","avibase-B4EE123D",null,null,"Carolina ; emended to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 320.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/424/mode/1up","Fringilla purpurea"],["30444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous purpureus purpureus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.923",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds east-central Canada to northeastern USA; winters to Florida and Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95F9C840",null,null,"Carolina ; emended to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 320.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/424/mode/1up","Fringilla purpurea"],["30445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Haemorhous purpureus californicus","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern British Columbia to southwestern USA and northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B759829F",null,null,"Pacific Coast of United States. Type from Fort Tejon, Kern County, California, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 608.",null,null,"C[arpodacus] californicus"],["30446","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodospiza","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.282",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla obsoleta [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/302/mode/1up","Rhodospiza"],["30447","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhodospiza obsoleta","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara p.132","Desert Finch","Desert Finch","Desert Finch",null,null,"locally in mountains of southeastern Türkiye to northern China and northern Pakistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720532","desfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/desfin2","avibase-FA269911",null,null,"Kara-ata spring, near Bokhara [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/286992#page/149/mode/1up","Fringilla obsoleta"],["30448","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhynchostruthus","Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Rhynchostruthus socotranus [Sclater, PL & Hartlaub, 1881]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/232/mode/1up","Rhynchostruthus"],["30449","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhynchostruthus louisae","Lort Phillips, 1897","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6 p.47","Somali Golden-winged Grosbeak","Somali Grosbeak","Somali Grosbeak",null,null,"local in lowland to foothill thornscrub slopes, rocky outcrops, and dry wadis with giant euphorbia, in northern Somalia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734140","somgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/somgro1","avibase-FB76AD60",null,null,"on trip to Gollis Mountains [= Sheikh, see Phillips, 1898, Ibis, p. 398].","New species of birds from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/407/mode/1up","Rhynchostruthus louisae"],["30450","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhynchostruthus socotranus","Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.171","Socotra Golden-winged Grosbeak","Socotra Grosbeak","Socotra Grosbeak",null,null,"Socotra (off eastern Somalia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735261","gowgro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowgro3","avibase-BE193EC5",null,null,"Goehel Valley, Socotra.","On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. B. Balfour.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/235/mode/1up","Rhynchostruthus socotranus"],["30451","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Rhynchostruthus percivali","Ogilvie-Grant, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.30","Arabian Golden-winged Grosbeak","Arabian Grosbeak","Arabian Grosbeak",null,null,"mountains of southwestern Arabia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734767","gowgro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowgro2","avibase-078921E8",null,null,"Yeshbun, Hadramut, 150 miles NW. of Aden, Saudi Arabia.","[Description of two new species of birds from the Ethiopian Region].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/188/mode/1up","Rhynchostruthus percivali"],["30452","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris","Cuvier, 1800","Leçons d'anatomie comparée second tableau",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia chloris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Loxia chloris Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Chloris"],["30453","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.174","European Greenfinch","European Greenfinch","European Greenfinch",null,null,"woods, gardens, and oases from British Isles and northern Scandinavia eastward to northwestern Kazakhstan, northern Xinjiang (northwestern China), and Krasnoyarsk (south-central Russia); in south to Iberian Peninsula, Madeira, and Canary Islands, Morocco to Tunisia (northwestern to north-central Africa), northeastern Egypt, and Mediterranean to Türkiye, Cyprus, Levant, northern Iraq, and northern Iran through Altai region to southeastern Kazakhstan; some withdrawal from north in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720330","eurgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurgre1","avibase-65BD2033",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 61.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/193/mode/1up","Loxia chloris"],["30454","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris harrisoni","Clancey, 1940","Ibis ser.14, vol.4, no.1 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Scotland, Ireland, and England",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4B0F4A3",null,null,"Thorntonhall, Lanarkshire, Scotland.","Notes on some Birds from Scotland.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01647.x","Chloris chloris harrisoni"],["30455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris chloris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Scotland, northern Europe, Corsica, and Sardinia; winters to southern Europe; also now established in southeastern Australia, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, and South America (northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and far southern Brazil), but subspecific affinities of these feral populations are not known.",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-065347DD",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 61.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/193/mode/1up","Loxia chloris"],["30456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris muehlei","Parrot, 1905","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.4 p.649",null,null,null,null,null,"Serbia and Montenegro to Moldova, Bulgaria and Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE332700",null,null,"Greece","Eine Reise nach Griechenland und ihre ornithologischen Ergebnisse","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/747/mode/1up","[Chloris] mühlei"],["30457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris aurantiiventris","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Spain through southern Europe to western Greece",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-476A50C6",null,null,"southern France.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/174/mode/1up","Ligurinus aurantiiventris"],["30458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris madaraszi","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1911","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 22 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica and Sardinia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-036B859B",null,null,"Salario and Casaljona, Corsica.","Über palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209627#page/165/mode/1up","Chloris chloris madarászi"],["30459","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris vanmarli","Voous, 1952","Limosa 24, no.3 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11FC96BD",null,null,"Setubal, Portugal.","Geographical variation of the Greenfinch, Chloris chloris.","https://limosa.nou.nu/limosa_samenvatting.php?language=UK&nr=895","Chloris chloris vanmarli"],["30460","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris voousi","(Roselaar, 1993)","Dutch Birding 15 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of North Africa (Morocco and Algeria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C2A559A",null,null,"El Bayarlh (Atlas Saharien . western Algeria}, 25 April 1951","New subspecies of Fan-tailed Raven and Greenfinch.","https://www.dutchbirding.nl/journal/pdf/DB_1993_15_6.pdf#page=24","Carduelis chloris voousi"],["30461","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris chlorotica","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.514",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan; winters to Sinai Peninsula and Egypt",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DED24B72",null,null,"western Asia; restricted to Syria by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 63.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/792/mode/1up","Chlorospiza chlorotica"],["30462","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris bilkevitchi","Zarudny, 1911","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 2, no.3-4 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ukraine, the Caucasus, and northeastern Türkiye to northern Iran and southwestern Turkmenistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4ED337C1",null,null,"Ashkhabad, southern Transcaspia.","[Über den Grünling aus Turkestan und Transkaspien (Chloris chloris turkestanicus Zar. und Chloris chloris bilkevitchi subsp. nov.)].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104602#page/831/mode/1up","Chloris chloris bilkevitchi"],["30463","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris chloris turkestanica","Zarudny, 1907","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan and central Tajikistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F60A2E0F",null,null,"upper Chirchik River, Turkestan.","Über eine neue Gründfinken-Form. Chloris chloris turkestanicus subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/79/mode/1up","Chloris chloris turkestanicus"],["30464","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris sinica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.321","Oriental Greenfinch","Oriental Greenfinch","Oriental Greenfinch","2025-0919","Taxon <em>kittlitzi </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chloris sinica</em> based on available evidence. Although considered to be the most distinctive taxon in this complex, mitochondrial DNA divergence is moderate (Saitoh et al. 2020), morphological differences (e.g., bill) are not diagnostic, plumage differences are minor, and vocal data are lacking.","lowland to submontane broadleaf and conifer woodland, secondary growth, orchards, parks, and gardens, from northeastern China eastward to Kamchatka, and southward through Japan southward to Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Korean Peninsula, and eastern China to Vietnam; northernmost populations migrate to Japan and southeastern China",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720340","origre","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/origre","avibase-684A6610",null,null,"China ; restricted to Macao by Jacobi, 1923, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 16 (1), p. 25.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/325/mode/1up","Fringilla sinica"],["30465","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris sinica ussuriensis","Hartert, 1903","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China, Korea, and eastern Siberia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F0E8967",null,null,"mouth of Sidemi River, Ussuriland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/126/mode/1up","Chloris sinica ussuriensis"],["30466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris sinica kawarahiba","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.99, vol.3 pl.588, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Russia (Kamchatka), Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and northern Japan (northeastern Hokkaido); non-breeding also southward to southeastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CB7F172",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/489/mode/1up","Fringilla kawarahiba"],["30467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris sinica minor","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.89, pl.49",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern South Korea (Jeju Island) and Japan (southern Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, including Tsushima and Izu islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-309682E6",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/99/mode/1up","Fringilla kawarahiba minor"],["30468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris sinica sinica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"central, eastern, and southeastern China, and northeastern and central Vietnam (eastern Tonkin and coastal central and southern Annam)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF97BD8",null,null,"China ; restricted to Macao by Jacobi, 1923, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 16 (1), p. 25.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/325/mode/1up","Fringilla sinica"],["30469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris sinica kittlitzi","(Seebohm, 1890)","Ibis ser.6, vol.2, no.5 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly widespread in Ogasawara (Bonin) and Iwo (Volcano) islands; now extirpated from main islands Mukojima, Chichijima, and perhaps Hahajima, still found on small satellite islands near Hahajima (southern Ogasawara) and Minamiiwoto, in the Iwo Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B4A83A7",null,null,"Bonin Islands.","On the Birds of the Bonin Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55016#page/129/mode/1up","Fringilla kittlitzi"],["30470","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris spinoides","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.44","Yellow-breasted Greenfinch","Yellow-breasted Greenfinch","Yellow-breasted Greenfinch",null,null,"foothill to montane oak and conifer forest, rhododendron thickets, scrub above tree-line, and gardens, from northern Pakistan eastward through Himalayas to northeastern India and adjacent China, and southward to western Myanmar; some downslope dispersal in winter, occasional nomadic incursions",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720344","yebgre4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebgre4","avibase-63B91A39",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 730.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/58/mode/1up","Carduelis spinoïdes"],["30471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris spinoides spinoides","(Vigors, 1831)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.4 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Pakistan eastward in Himalayas to Bhutan and northeastern India (western Arunachal Pradesh) and southwestern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E843EBB",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 27, p. 730.","Exhibition of Himalayan birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/58/mode/1up","Carduelis spinoïdes"],["30472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris spinoides heinrichi","(Stresemann, 1940)","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 24, heft 2 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern India (southeastern Assam and Manipur) to southwestern Myanmar (Mount Victoria)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-441AB883",null,null,"Mt. Victoria, 2,400 m., Burma.","Die Vögel des Mount Victoria.",null,"Carduelis spinoides heinrichi"],["30473","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris monguilloti","(Delacour, 1926)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 47 p.20","Vietnamese Greenfinch","Vietnamese Greenfinch","Vietnamese Greenfinch",null,null,"southern Vietnam (Langbian Plateau)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720350","viegre2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/viegre2","avibase-8875A644",null,null,"Dalat, Annam.","Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125300#page/54/mode/1up","Hypacanthis monguilloti"],["30474","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris ambigua","(Oustalet, 1896)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2, no.5 p.186","Black-headed Greenfinch","Black-headed Greenfinch","Black-headed Greenfinch",null,null,"montane open coniferous and deciduous forest and woodland, alpine meadows, and scrub in southern China (southern Sichuan and southeastern Tibet), northeastern Arunachal Pradesh, and northern Myanmar southward to northwestern Vietnam, northern Laos, and northern Thailand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720347","bkhgre1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhgre1","avibase-380A28B4",null,null,"Mienning; Yun Chou, a little north of Mienning ; and banks of Sang pi Kiang River, Yunnan.","Note sur les Oiseaux recueillis dans le Yun-nan par le Prince Henri d'Orléans, dans le cours de son dernier voyage du Tonkin aux Indes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106682#page/194/mode/1up","Chrysomitris ambigua"],["30475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris ambigua taylori","(Kinnear, 1939)","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.4 p.752",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Tibet and far western Sichuan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E322357",null,null,"Liking, 9,800 ft., Tsangpo Valley, southeastern Tibet.","On three new Races of Himalayan and Tibetan Birds.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb07201.x","Hypacanthis spinoides taylori"],["30476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chloris ambigua ambigua","(Oustalet, 1896)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2, no.5 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Tibet to southwestern China, northern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northwestern Tonkin",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B500CAED",null,null,"Mienning; Yun Chou, a little north of Mienning ; and banks of Sang pi Kiang River, Yunnan.","Note sur les Oiseaux recueillis dans le Yun-nan par le Prince Henri d'Orléans, dans le cours de son dernier voyage du Tonkin aux Indes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106682#page/194/mode/1up","Chrysomitris ambigua"],["30477","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linurgus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxviii fig.9",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coccothraustes olivaceus [Fraser, 1843]; type by subsequent monotypy (Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12, p. 431).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/181/mode/1up","Linurgus"],["30478","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linurgus olivaceus","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.144","Oriole Finch","Oriole Finch","Oriole Finch",null,null,"disjunctly in montane cloudforest, from southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea) in west Africa, and from southern South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Burundi, eastward to eastern Uganda and central Kenya, and southward through eastern Tanzania to Malawi in east Africa; some downslope movement in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720319","orifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orifin1","avibase-80B649D4",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/296/mode/1up","Coccothraustes olivaceus"],["30479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linurgus olivaceus olivaceus","(Fraser, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.10, no.117 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Nigeria and Cameroon; Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12FA7154",null,null,"Clarence, Fernando Po.","Descriptions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection formed in the Niger expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/296/mode/1up","Coccothraustes olivaceus"],["30480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linurgus olivaceus prigoginei","Schouteden, 1950","Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 44 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, far southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, and western Burundi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49034D60",null,null,"Nzombe, 1,810 m. [, 40 km. east of Kamituga, Kivu District, Belgian Congo, fide Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, p. 584].","Linurgus olivaceus Prigoginei nov. sp. (Aves, Fringillidae).",null,"Linurgus olivaceus prigoginei"],["30481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linurgus olivaceus elgonensis","Van Someren, 1918","Novitates Zoologicae 25, no.1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan (Imatong Mountains), eastern Uganda, and western and central Kenya highlands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E052CC9",null,null,"Mt. Elgon. (West Elgon and  Kakamega Forest, in North Kavirondo [=Kenya])","A further contribution to the ornithology of Uganda (West Elgon and district).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24178#page/301/mode/1up","Linurgus elgonensis"],["30482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linurgus olivaceus kilimensis","(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 3 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Tanzania to northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DC2EE84",null,null,"Kifinika Hutte, Kilima Ndscharo, 3,000 m. (i.e. Kilimanjaro).","Diagnosen neuer, von Oskar Neumann in Ost- und Central-Afrika entdeckter Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35473#page/90/mode/1up","Hyphantospiza kilimensis"],["30483","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia sulphurata [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12, p. 348).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/376/mode/1up","Crithagra"],["30484","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra leucopygia","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.127","White-rumped Seedeater","White-rumped Seedeater","White-rumped Seedeater",null,null,"lowland to foothill lightly wooded savanna and acacia thornscrub across the Sahel from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward through southern Algeria to Sudan and Eritrea, thence southward to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720117","whrsee","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrsee","avibase-C887C3FC",null,null,"Sennar (by inference).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/137/mode/1up","Crithagra leucopygia"],["30485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra leucopygia riggenbachi","(Neumann, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to western Sudan and southward to Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F8202E0",null,null,"'Thies, near Dakar', Senegal.","Exhibition and description of new subspecies collected by Mr. Riggenbach in Senegambia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/70/mode/1up","Serinus leucopygius riggenbachi"],["30486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra leucopygia pallens","(Vaurie, 1956)","American Museum Novitates no.1775 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Niger",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEAEF33E",null,null,"Azzal, north of Agades, Aïr Massif.","Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 19. Fringillidae : the Genera Fringilla, Serinus, Carduelis, and Acanthis.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5356/","Serinus leucopygius pallens"],["30487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra leucopygia leucopygia","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.5 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Sudan, northern Eritrea, western and central Ethiopia, South Sudan, far northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (northern end of Lake Albert), and northwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A90F3103",null,null,"Sennar (by inference).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/137/mode/1up","Crithagra leucopygia"],["30488","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.163","Yellow-fronted Canary","Yellow-fronted Canary","Yellow-fronted Canary",null,null,"sub-Saharan Africa from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward to Eritrea and Ethiopia, southward (but avoiding rainforest) from Cameroon, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Kenya, to Angola, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, Zambia, and Mozambique (avoiding Namib and Kalahari deserts), and thence southward through Zimbabwe to eastern South Africa, widely nomadic in non-breeding season; introduced in São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea), Mafia Island (Tanzania), Mascarenes, Hawaiian Islands (mainly Oahu and Hawaii), and Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720181","yefcan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefcan","avibase-169B483C",null,null,"Mozambique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/183/mode/1up","Fringilla mozambica"],["30489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica caniceps","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3, Aves p.86, pl. 16",null,null,null,null,null,"Senegal to Cameroon (southward to Benue plain)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5773893",null,null,"Cuba [escaped bird = Senegal, see Bangs and Penard, 1920, Auk, 37, p. 300 https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8766&context=auk] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/127/mode/1up","Linaria caniceps"],["30490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica punctigula","(Reichenow, 1898)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 6 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon (northward to Toukte, Grand Capitaine, and Koum)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06D939CD",null,null,"Sanaga [River, Cameroons] .","Neue Arten aus Afrika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101396#page/37/mode/1up","Serinus punctigula"],["30491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica grotei","(Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1931)","Ibis ser.13, vol.1 p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan (east of the Nile), eastern South Sudan, and western and southwestern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FE92C29",null,null,"Sennar [Sudan]",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01535.x","Serinus mozambicus grotei"],["30492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica gommaensis","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1945)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea and northwestern and central Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95363302",null,null,"Gomma, southern Abyssinia.","A new Race of Yellow-fronted Canary from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/42/mode/1up","Serinus mozambicus gommaensis"],["30493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica barbata","Heuglin, 1864","Journal für Ornithologie 12, no.70 p.248-249",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chad, Central African Republic, western Sudan, western and southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, southwestern Kenya, and central Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15BC2EF9",null,null,"Djur, Bahr-el-Ghazal.","Ornithologische Miscellen aus Central-Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101741#page/260/mode/1up","Crithagra barbata"],["30494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica tando","(Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1918)","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.3 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon to northern Angola and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo; introduced São Tomé",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3261EE40",null,null,"Ndala Tando, northern Angola.","A List of the Birds of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, based on the Collections of Mr. A. L. Butler, Mr. A. Chapman and Capt. H. Lynes, R.N., and Major Cuthbert Christy, R.A.M.C. (T.F.). Part I. Corvidae - Fringillidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/543/mode/1up","Serinus mozambicus tando"],["30495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica samaliyae","(White, 1947)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 68, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to southwestern Tanzania, and adjacent Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BA84C65",null,null,"Pempele pool, between Musonoie and Solwezi, southern Belgian Congo.","A new Race of Serin from the Belgian Congo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125664#page/39/mode/1up","SerinuS mozambicus samaliyae"],["30496","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica vansoni","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Angola and adjacent Namibia to northern Botswana and southwestern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-951A18D9",null,null,"Zweizwe Waterhole, between Mababe Flats and Chobe River, Bechuanaland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Serinus mozambicus vansoni"],["30497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica mozambica","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Kenya and Mafia Island (Tanzania) southward to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, eastern and southeastern Botswana, and northeastern South Africa (North West and Limpopo to Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE3846C1",null,null,"Mozambique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/183/mode/1up","Fringilla mozambica"],["30498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mozambica granti","(Clancey, 1957)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 77, no.4 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal southward to Eastern Cape), eastern Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-211B86C0",null,null,"Embotyi, Lusikisiki district, Pondoland, eastern Cape Province, South Africa.","Further on the South African races of the Yellow-fronted Canary Serinus mozambicus (Muller).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125677#page/90/mode/1up","Serinus mozambicus granti"],["30499","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra citrinelloides","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.95 pl.34 fig.1","African Citril","African Citril","Abyssinian Citril",null,null,"wet montane grassland and forest edges disjunctly from Eritrea and Ethiopia to western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720084","afrcit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/afrcit1","avibase-D419E3A5",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/175/mode/1up","Serinus citrinelloides"],["30500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra citrinelloides citrinelloides","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.95 pl.34 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B4B62A6",null,null,"Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/175/mode/1up","Serinus citrinelloides"],["30501","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra citrinelloides kikuyensis","(Neumann, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.2 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern and southwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C94CE34C",null,null,"Kikuyu.","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von S. 184-243).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/408/mode/1up","Spinus citrinelloides kikuyensis"],["30502","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra frontalis","(Reichenow, 1904)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt1 p.275","Western Citril","Western Citril","Yellow-browed Citril",null,null,"foothill to montane grassland, forest clearings, secondary forest, marsh, bracken-briar, cultivation, and gardens, from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to Uganda and southwestern Kenya, and southward to western Tanzania and northeastern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720091","wescit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wescit1","avibase-5108E1D3",null,null,"Victoria-Niansa area (Butumbi, Bukoba, Karevia, Kafuro) ; Nandi, 'Chiriko', Lake Nyasa; Kenia and Lake Kivu; type from Lake Kivu, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 826.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/313/mode/1up","Serinus citrinelloides frontalis"],["30503","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra hyposticta","(Reichenow, 1904)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt1 p.275","Southern Citril","Southern Citril","East African Citril",null,null,"foothill and montane forest, bracken-brier, and eucalypt plantations disjunctly from southern South Sudan and (reported) central Ethiopia, and from northwest Uganda and western Kenya southward through southern Kenya and eastern and southern Tanzania, Malawi, adjacent Zambia, and northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720098","soucit1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soucit1","avibase-C978ABCC",null,null,"Kilimandscharo, Grossaruscha, Ngomingi, Tembo, Rupira, Somba; type from Moshi, Kilimanjaro, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 826.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/313/mode/1up","Spinus citrinelloides hypostictus"],["30504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra hyposticta brittoni","(Traylor, 1970)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 90, no.3 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern South Sudan and far western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED497953",null,null,"Kapen guria, north-western Kenya","A new race of Serinus citrinelloides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/335/mode/1up","Serinus citrinelloides brittoni"],["30505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra hyposticta hyposticta","(Reichenow, 1904)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 pt1 p.275",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kenya and Tanzania to Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F203FA8",null,null,"Kilimandscharo, Grossaruscha, Ngomingi, Tembo, Rupira, Somba; type from Moshi, Kilimanjaro, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 826.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/313/mode/1up","Spinus citrinelloides hypostictus"],["30506","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra capistrata","Finsch, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.458","Black-faced Canary","Black-faced Canary","Black-faced Canary",null,null,"lowland and foothill primary and secondary forest, marsh, and brushy grassland from Gabon and Republic of the Congo eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to easternmost Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Burundi, southward to western Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720105","blfcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfcan1","avibase-E16846C3",null,null,"Golungo Alto, 1,800-2,800 ft., Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/480/mode/1up","Crithagra capistrata"],["30507","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra capistrata capistrata","Finsch, 1870","Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southwestern Gabon and southern Congo eastward, discontinuously, to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Burundi and southward, very locally, to northern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C552497",null,null,"Golungo Alto, 1,800-2,800 ft., Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49512#page/480/mode/1up","Crithagra capistrata"],["30508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra capistrata hildegardae","(Rand & Traylor, 1959)","Fieldiana Zoology 39 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"central Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E21732FC",null,null,"Mt. Soque, 42 km. west-southwest of Luimbale, Huambo, Angola.","Three New Birds from West Africa.",null,"Serinus capistratus hildegardae"],["30509","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra koliensis","(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1952)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 72 p.1","Papyrus Canary","Papyrus Canary","Papyrus Canary",null,null,"patchy in foothill papyrus swamp from Uganda and southwestern Kenya southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720109","papcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/papcan1","avibase-5E456730",null,null,"Onyulu, Koki River, Lango, Uganda.","A new race of serin from eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125675#page/19/mode/1up","Serinus capistratus koliensis"],["30510","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra scotops","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.98","Forest Canary","Forest Canary","Forest Canary",null,null,"lowland to montane scrub, wooded patches in highveld grassland, and gardens from southwestern South Africa (Western Cape) through southern South Africa (to KwaZulu-Natal), eastern Lesotho, and northern Eswatini, to northeastern South Africa (Limpopo); partly nomadic",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720113","forcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forcan1","avibase-994D87C2",null,null,"lower Caffraria; type from Pietermaritzburg, Natal, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 816.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/108/mode/1up","Crithagra scotops"],["30511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra scotops kirbyi","Dowsett, 2012","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 132, no.1 p.69 [69-70]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-012084A2",null,null,"eastern Transvaal to Zoutpansberg, restricted to Woodbush (23°47'S, 30°04'E) (Skead 1960, Dowsett 2011), South Africa.","Two pre-occupied names in African ornithology","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229071#page/71/mode/1up","Crithagra scotops kirbyi"],["30512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra scotops umbrosa","(Clancey, 1964)","Durban Museum Novitates 7, no.7 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern South Africa (from Mpumalanga and western KwaZulu-Natal southward to southern Western Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF9063C",null,null,"Nature's Valley, Knysna, southern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 22. 2. Racial Variation in the Forest Canary Serinus scotops (Sundevall).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1803","Serinus scotops umbrosus"],["30513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra scotops scotops","Sundevall, 1850","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 7, no.4 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (coastal southern KwaZulu-Natal and coastal Eastern Cape), eastern Lesotho, and northern Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51AAB6D0",null,null,"lower Caffraria; type from Pietermaritzburg, Natal, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 816.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285379#page/108/mode/1up","Crithagra scotops"],["30514","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra rothschildi","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1902)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.21","Arabian Serin","Arabian Serin","Arabian Serin",null,null,"lowland to montane shrubby plateaus, dry rocky highland, juniper woodland, scrub, and edge of cultivation, in western Saudi Arabia and Yemen",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720122","olrser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olrser1","avibase-C121E620",null,null,"Ichaf Ravine, Hamerah, and Dthubiyat, upper Haushabi.","On two new birds from South Arabia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/391/mode/1up","Serinus rothschildi"],["30515","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra atrogularis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.49","Black-throated Canary","Black-throated Canary","Black-throated Canary",null,null,"patchy in lowland savanna, acacia thornscrub, grassland near water, and miombo from southeastern Gabon eastward (avoiding Congolian rainforest) to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and southeastern Kenya, southward through Angola, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, to Namibia, Botswana, and western and central South Africa, eastward to northeastern South Africa and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731333","bltcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltcan1","avibase-D12CDD0F",null,null,"country about and beyond Kurrichaine, i.e. Zeerust, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/129/mode/1up","Linaria atrogularis"],["30516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra atrogularis somereni","(Hartert, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Tanzania, Uganda, and western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5F45BFF",null,null,"Toro, Uganda.","On a new species of Serin from Uganda.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/91/mode/1up","Serinus angolensis somereni"],["30517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra atrogularis lwenarum","(White, 1944)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 64 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"Congo, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, central Angola, Zambia, and southwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-884062E0",null,null,"Balovale, Northern Rhodesia.","A new Race of Serinus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125661#page/64/mode/1up","Serinus atrogularis lwenarum"],["30518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra atrogularis atrogularis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Zimbabwe (except southwest), southeastern Botswana, and northern South Africa (southwestern Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-630567B3",null,null,"country about and beyond Kurrichaine, i.e. Zeerust, western Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/129/mode/1up","Linaria atrogularis"],["30519","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra atrogularis impigra","(Clancey, 1959)","Durban Museum Novitates 5 (18) p.258",null,null,null,null,null,"central South Africa (southeastern North West and Mpumalanga to Free State, northern Eastern Cape, and western KwaZulu-Natal) and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-396CDC90",null,null,"Farm Elandshoek, near Aliwak North, eastern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 14. 8. A new subspecies of Serinus atrogularis Smith from southern Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1800","Serinus atrogularis impiger"],["30520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra atrogularis semideserti","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Angola to northern Namibia, Botswana, southwestern Zambia, western and southwestern Zimbabwe, and northern South Africa (northwestern Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C6FEDE6",null,null,"Machumi Pan, south of Mabeleapudi, northwestern Bechuanaland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Serinus angolensis semideserti"],["30521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra atrogularis deserti","(Reichenow, 1918)","Journal für Ornithologie 66, no.4 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola southward to western Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E196F67",null,null,"Windhoek, Damaraland.","Neue Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43359#page/450/mode/1up","Poliospiza angolensis deserti"],["30522","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra reichenowi","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.272","Reichenow's Seedeater","Reichenow's Seedeater","Reichenow's Seedeater",null,null,"lowland to submontane arid bushy scrub, thornscrub, open woodland, and cultivation edges, from Ethiopia, southeastern South Sudan, and Somalia southward to eastern and southern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720154","reisee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reisee2","avibase-69EB514A",null,null,"Cialalaka, Shoa. [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/278/mode/1up","Serinus reichenowi"],["30523","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra xanthopygia","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.96","Yellow-rumped Seedeater","Yellow-rumped Serin","Yellow-rumped Seedeater",null,null,"lowland to montane open woodland and scrub in Eritrea and central Ethiopia, and possibly Djibouti",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720147","yerser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yerser1","avibase-71D3C8A6",null,null,"Schoada Valley, Simen, Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/176/mode/1up","Serinus xanthopygius"],["30524","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra citrinipectus","(Clancey & Lawson, 1960)","Durban Museum Novitates 6 p.62","Lemon-breasted Canary","Lemon-breasted Seedeater","Lemon-breasted Canary",null,null,"patchy in lowland to foothill palm savanna, dry miombo and mopane woodland, scrub, and semiarid grassland, from southern Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique southward to southeastern South Africa; nomadic post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720176","lebsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lebsee1","avibase-238953D9",null,null,"near Panda, Inhambane, Sul do Save, southern Portuguese East Africa.","A new species of Canary from southern Portuguese East Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1661","Serinus citrinipectus"],["30525","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra dorsostriata","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.72","White-bellied Canary","White-bellied Canary","White-bellied Canary",null,null,"lowland to montane grassland, lightly wooded savanna, and thornscrub from southeastern South Sudan, central Ethiopia, and Somalia, southward through Uganda and Kenya to central Tanzania; dry-season nomad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720197","whbcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcan1","avibase-90C937E4",null,null,"Kagehi, Wembaere, Niansa and Schasche ; type from Wembere, Tabora, Tanganyika, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 815.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/84/mode/1up","Crithagra dorsostriata"],["30526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra dorsostriata maculicollis","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, northeastern Uganda, and northern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F695BD1D",null,null,"Somaliland ; type from Milmil, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 815.","[Three more new species represented in Dr. Donaldson Smith's collection from Somaliland].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/267/mode/1up","Serinus maculicollis"],["30527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra dorsostriata dorsostriata","Reichenow, 1887","Journal für Ornithologie 35, no.177 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58D34B35",null,null,"Kagehi, Wembaere, Niansa and Schasche ; type from Wembere, Tabora, Tanganyika, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 815.","Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen während der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Mit Benutzung der Tagebücher des Reisenden bearbeitet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101740#page/84/mode/1up","Crithagra dorsostriata"],["30528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra dorsostriata taruensis","(Van Someren, 1921)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya to northeastern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-674EC372",null,null,"Mbuyuni, Kenya.","Description of new subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/144/mode/1up","Serinus maculicollis taruensis"],["30529","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra flavigula","(Salvadori, 1888)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.272","Yellow-throated Seedeater","Yellow-throated Serin","Yellow-throated Seedeater",null,null,"patchy in foothill and submontane semiarid desert, steep rocky scrub, acacia thornbush, and tussock grassland, in central Ethiopia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720127","yetser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetser1","avibase-31B513F0",null,null,"Ambokarra, Shoa. [Ethiopia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/278/mode/1up","Serinus flavigula"],["30530","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra xantholaema","(Salvadori, 1896)","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.36 p.44-45","Salvadori's Seedeater","Salvadori's Serin","Salvadori's Seedeater",null,null,"lowland to submontane semiarid desert, acacia thornscrub, limestone gorges with scrub, and juniper woodland, in central and southern Ethiopia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720132","salser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/salser1","avibase-8C436082",null,null,"Somali or Galla land, N.E. Africa",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32715#page/52/mode/1up","Serinus xantholaema"],["30531","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra donaldsoni","(Sharpe, 1895)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 4 p.41","Northern Grosbeak-Canary","Northern Grosbeak-Canary","Northern Grosbeak-canary",null,null,"lowland to foothill arid savanna, acacia thornscrub, and semi-desert scrub, from east-central Ethiopia and Somalia southward to central Kenya; nomadic post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720185","norgrc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norgrc1","avibase-0CEB2DA6",null,null,"Somaliland ; type from Darde or Smith River near Sheikh Hussein, Abyssinian Somaliland, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 817.","[Three more new species represented in Dr. Donaldson Smith's collection from Somaliland].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/267/mode/1up","Serinus donaldsoni"],["30532","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra buchanani","(Hartert, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.50","Southern Grosbeak-Canary","Southern Grosbeak-Canary","Southern Grosbeak-canary",null,null,"lowland to foothill dry thornscrub, acacia savanna, scrub, and grazed grassland, in southern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720191","sougrc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sougrc1","avibase-F3618305",null,null,"Maktan, [near Voi,] British East Africa.","Exhibition and description of a new Serin-Finch from E. Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/188/mode/1up","Serinus buchanani"],["30533","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra sulphurata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.305","Brimstone Canary","Brimstone Canary","Brimstone Canary",null,null,"patchily distributed in lowland to montane woodland, grassland, thornscrub, and Protea bush from northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and central Kenya southward to central Angola, Zambia and Mozambique, and then southward to eastern and southern South Africa (westward to Western Cape); erratic dry-season wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720205","brican1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brican1","avibase-53A5E91F",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/309/mode/1up","Loxia sulphurata"],["30534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra sulphurata sharpii","(Neumann, 1900)","Journal für Ornithologie 48, no.3 p.287-288",null,null,null,null,null,"Kenya, Uganda, and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola, Zambia, and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B81C5F9F",null,null,"Marangu, Kilimanjaro.","Beiträge zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika. Die von mir auf meiner Expedition durch die Massai-Länder und in den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa 1892-1895 gesammelten und beobachteten Vögel. III. Teil (Schluss).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173313#page/297/mode/1up","Serinus sharpii"],["30535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra sulphurata wilsoni","Roberts, 1936","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (eastern Limpopo southward to KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape), Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E87767AE",null,null,"Kloof, Natal.","Report upon a survey of the higher Vertebrates of northeastern Zululand.",null,"Crithagra sulphurata wilsoni"],["30536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra sulphurata sulphurata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (southern Western Cape and western Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C21422A1",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/309/mode/1up","Loxia sulphurata"],["30537","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra flaviventris","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.856","Yellow Canary","Yellow Canary","Yellow Canary",null,null,"lowland to montane scrub, open woodland, grassland, and dune Fynbos from southwestern Angola, Namibia, and Botswana southward to western, southern, and central South Africa, Eswatini, and Lesotho, nomadic in non-breeding season; introduced (nominate race) on Ascension and St. Helena islands (south Atlantic Ocean)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720201","yelcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelcan1","avibase-4746346C",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope; restricted to Berg River, Cape Province by Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds South Africa, p. 114.","XXXV. On several Groups and Forms in Ornithology, not hitherto defined. [Concluded from p. 175.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/357/mode/1up","Loxia flaviventris"],["30538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra flaviventris damarensis","(Roberts, 1922)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 8, pt.4 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and northern Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-319E6202",null,null,"Windhoek, Damaraland.","Review of the nomenclature of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/202863#page/346/mode/1up","Serinops flaviventris damarensis"],["30539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra flaviventris flaviventris","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.856",null,null,null,null,null,"western, central, and southern Cape Province to far southern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ACE1A9B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope; restricted to Berg River, Cape Province by Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds South Africa, p. 114.","XXXV. On several Groups and Forms in Ornithology, not hitherto defined. [Concluded from p. 175.]","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/357/mode/1up","Loxia flaviventris"],["30540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra flaviventris guillarmodi","(Roberts, 1936)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18, pt.3 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-004D2899",null,null,"Sanqubetu Valley, Basutoland [Lesotho]","Ornithological notes. New South African Birds,&.",null,"Serinops flaviventris guillarmodi"],["30541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra flaviventris marshalli","(Shelley, 1902)","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana, northern and central South Africa (Northern Cape to Limpopo, Free State and northern Eastern Cape), and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-348E3F56",null,null,"Potchefstroom.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49571#page/236/mode/1up","Serinus marshalli"],["30542","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra albogularis","Smith, 1833","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.48","White-throated Canary","White-throated Canary","White-throated Canary",null,null,"lowland dry grassland, savanna, thornscrub, and coastal Fynbos from southern Angola southward through Namibia and southwestern Botswana to western and central South Africa and Lesotho; nomadic wandering seasonally",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720210","whtcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtcan1","avibase-294A70CC",null,null,"South Africa ; restricted to Widow Smit's farm near northern extremity of Piquetberg, by Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18, p. 315.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/66/mode/1up","Crithagra albogularis"],["30543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra albogularis crocopygia","(Sharpe, 1871)","Ibis ser.3, vol.1, no.1 p.101-102",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia and southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DC166C4",null,null,"Otjimbinque, Damaraland; type from Daviljob near Otjimbinque, fide W. L. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aethiop., 1930, p. 823.","Description of Two new Species of African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35065#page/129/mode/1up","Poliospiza crocopygia"],["30544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra albogularis sordahlae","(Friedmann, 1932)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.17 p.65-66",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa (western Northern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41284AFE",null,null,"Mt. Brukkaros, Namaqiialand, southwestern Africa.","Two Birds new to science from Great Namaqualand.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/85/mode/1up","Poliospiza albogularis sordahlae"],["30545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra albogularis orangensis","Roberts, 1937","Ostrich 8, no.2 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"northern South Africa (southern North West and western Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-753CBDD7",null,null,"Fauresmith, Orange Free State.","Some results of the Barlow Transvaal Museum expedition to South-West Africa.",null,"Crithagra albigularis orangensis"],["30546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra albogularis albogularis","Smith, 1833","South African Quarterly Journal vol.2, no.1, pt.2 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"western and southwestern Cape Province to northern and eastern Cape",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B314C931",null,null,"South Africa ; restricted to Widow Smit's farm near northern extremity of Piquetberg, by Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18, p. 315.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54196#page/66/mode/1up","Crithagra albogularis"],["30547","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra striolata","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.99 pl.37 fig.1","Streaky Seedeater","Streaky Seedeater",null,"2025-1139","Taxon <em>whytii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Crithagra striolata</em> based on differences in plumage and divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Nguembock et al. 2009). Further research would be informative.","montane forest, alpine moorland, and bamboo thickets in three disjunct areas: Eritrea, southern South Sudan, and Ethiopia; and from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi to western Uganda, and from northeastern Uganda to central Kenya and southward to northern and south-central Tanzania",null,null,null,"strsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strsee1","avibase-580A93C2",null,null,"Halai and Simen, 8 to 10,000 ft.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/179/mode/1up","Pyrrhula striolata"],["30548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra striolata graueri","(Hartert, 1907)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and Rwanda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E56ED07A",null,null,"Ruwenzori, 7,000 ft., equatorial Africa.","Description of new genera, species and subspecies of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/508/mode/1up","Serinus striolatus graueri"],["30549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra striolata striolata","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.99 pl.37 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, far southeastern South Sudan, eastern Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C9AE55D",null,null,"Halai and Simen, 8 to 10,000 ft.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/179/mode/1up","Pyrrhula striolata"],["30550","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra whytii","(Shelley, 1897)","Ibis ser.7, vol.3, no.12 p.528 pl.XI","Yellow-browed Seedeater","Yellow-browed Seedeater",null,"2025-1139","Taxon <em>whytii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Crithagra striolata</em> based on differences in plumage and divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Nguembock et al. 2009). Further research would be informative.","foothill to montane understory in evergreen and riparian forest, secondary growth, and bracken-briar, from southern Tanzania, northeastern Zambia, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,"yebsee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebsee2","avibase-1CBC2DDE",null,null,"Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., during his Expedition to the Nyika Plateau in North Nyasaland. With an Introduction by P. L. Sclater.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54800#page/588/mode/1up","Serinus whytii"],["30551","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra burtoni","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.445","Thick-billed Seedeater","Thick-billed Seedeater","Thick-billed Seedeater",null,null,"undergrowth of montane forest, alpine grassland, and lightly wooded heath in four disjunct areas: southeastern Nigeria, western Cameroon, and Bioko, Gulf of Guinea; northwestern Angola; from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo eastward to western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and northwestern Tanzania; and from northeastern Uganda eastward to northern Kenya and southward to northern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720267","thbsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbsee1","avibase-8E8B3DB9",null,null,"Cameroon Mountains, 7,000 ft., West Africa.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/461/mode/1up","Strobilophaga burtoni"],["30552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra burtoni burtoni","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18560E8E",null,null,"Cameroon Mountains, 7,000 ft., West Africa.","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/461/mode/1up","Strobilophaga burtoni"],["30553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra burtoni tanganjicae","(Granvik, 1923)","Journal für Ornithologie 71, spec. no. p.191,text",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of west-central Angola; eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and adjacent western Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADE3D01B",null,null,"emended to highland northwest of Lake Tanganyika by Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, p. 592.","Contributions to the knowledge of the East African ornithology. Birds collected by the Swedish Mount Elgon Expedition 1920.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34275#page/203/mode/1up","Serinus albifrons tanganjicae"],["30554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra burtoni kilimensis","Richmond, 1897","The Auk 14, no.2 p.155-156",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Uganda to northern Kenya and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1911C81",null,null,"Mount Kilimanjaro, 6,000 ft.. East Africa.","Description of ten new species of birds discovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Kilimanjaro region of East Africa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss2/3/","Crithagra kilimensis"],["30555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra burtoni albifrons","Sharpe, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.9 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of eastern Kenya (east of the Rift Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D367F6E7",null,null,"Kikuyu, eastern Africa.","Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. F. J. Jackson in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/150/mode/1up","Crithagra albifrons"],["30556","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra melanochroa","(Reichenow, 1900)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 8 p.122","Kipengere Seedeater","Kipengere Seedeater","Kipengere Seedeater",null,null,"foothill to montane forest and brushy scrub in Iringa and Njombe highlands (southern Tanzania)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720278","tansee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tansee1","avibase-A25D8384",null,null,"Ukinga.","Drei fernere von Hrn. Dr. Fülleborn entdeckte Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101398#page/140/mode/1up","Serinus melanochrous"],["30557","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra rufobrunnea","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.444","Principe Seedeater","Principe Seedeater","Principe Seedeater",null,null,"lowland forest and plantations on São Tomé, Príncipe and adjacent Caroço Island, Gulf of Guinea",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720272","prisee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prisee1","avibase-83F51B60",null,null,"western Africa [= Principe Island, fide Hartlaub, in Dohrn, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 328] .","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/460/mode/1up","Linurgus rufobrunneus"],["30558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra rufobrunnea rufobrunnea","(Gray, 1862)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.3, vol.10, no.60 p.444",null,null,null,null,null,"Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F013F13",null,null,"western Africa [= Principe Island, fide Hartlaub, in Dohrn, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 328] .","L. Descriptions of a few West-African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53282#page/460/mode/1up","Linurgus rufobrunneus"],["30559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra rufobrunnea fradei","(de Naurois, 1975)","Ardeola: Revista Ibérica de Ornitologia 21 no.2 p.924",null,null,null,null,null,"Ilheu Boné de Jokei (Caroço), off southern Príncipe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFCB74D9",null,null,"l'île du Prince et l'Ilot [=Principe Island and islet], São Tomé","Los Carduelinae de las islas de Santo Tomé y Principe (Golfo de Guinea) [Les Carduelinae des iles de São Tome et Principe (Golfe de Guinée).]","https://www.ardeola.org/en/volumes/212/articles/903-931/","Poliospiza rufobrunnea fradei"],["30560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra rufobrunnea thomensis","(Bocage, 1888)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-444DC3F1",null,null,"Mouta, 80 m., St. Thome.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54858#page/178/mode/1up","Phaeospiza thomensis"],["30561","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra concolor","(Bocage, 1888)","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (1), 12 p.229[sic]","Sao Tome Grosbeak","Sao Tome Grosbeak","Sao Tome Grosbeak",null,null,"São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720310","satgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/satgro1","avibase-58012642",null,null,"Angolares, São Tome.",null,null,"Amblyospiza concolor"],["30562","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra leucoptera","Sharpe, 1871","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.8, no.46 p.235","Protea Canary","Protea Canary","Protea Canary",null,null,"lowland to foothill fynbos, protea thickets, semiarid scrub, and open woodland, in southwestern South Africa",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720283","procan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/procan1","avibase-D403BDAF",null,null,"South Africa; restricted to Paarl, southwestern Cape Province, by Vincent, 1949, Ostrich, 20, p. 150.","XXX. Notes on some African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86916#page/249/mode/1up","Crithagra leucoptera"],["30563","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra mennelli","(Chubb, 1908)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21 p.62","Black-eared Seedeater","Black-eared Seedeater","Black-eared Seedeater",null,null,"patchy in lowland to montane dry woodland, miombo woodland, coastal forest, and eucalypt plantations, from eastern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania southward to Zimbabwe and Mozambique; nomadic post-breeding",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720231","blesee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blesee1","avibase-D5454426",null,null,"Tjoko's Kraal, Shangani River, [Southern] Rhodesia.","On behalf of Mr. E. C. Chubb, description of a new species of Finch from Rhodesia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/88/mode/1up","Poliospiza mennelli"],["30564","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra canicapilla","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.151","West African Seedeater","West African Seedeater","West African Seedeater",null,null,"patchily distributed in wooded savanna, farmbush, and montane dry forest from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastward to eastern Nigeria and Cameroon, and from southern Chad, Central African Republic, and southern South Sudan to northeastern Uganda and western Kenya; partly migratory in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761640","sthsee3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthsee3","avibase-115CB3F4",null,null,"Senegal; Ghana substituted by White, 1963, Revised Check List African Flycatchers, . . . Buntings . . . , p. 119, since the species is otherwise unknown from Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/167/mode/1up","Poliospiza canicapilla"],["30565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra canicapilla canicapilla","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea to Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDA45B0A",null,null,"Senegal; Ghana substituted by White, 1963, Revised Check List African Flycatchers, . . . Buntings . . . , p. 119, since the species is otherwise unknown from Senegal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/167/mode/1up","Poliospiza canicapilla"],["30566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra canicapilla elgonensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1912)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Central African Republic and adjacent southern Chad, South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and far western Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-887C9CCB",null,null,"Mangiki, 6,000 ft., Mt. Elgon, East Africa.","On a new species of Seed-eater from Mount Elgon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/41/mode/1up","Poliospiza elgonensis"],["30567","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra canicapilla montanorum","(Bannerman, 1923)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 44 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC159B08",null,null,"Banso Mountains, 6,000 ft., north of Kumbo, Cameroon.","Description of a new subspecies of Seed-eater from Northern Cameroon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125301#page/55/mode/1up","Poliospiza gularis montanorum"],["30568","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra gularis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.49","Streaky-headed Seedeater","Streaky-headed Seedeater","Streaky-headed Seedeater",null,null,"patchy in lowland to submontane scrub, savanna and miombo, and Fynbos from central Angola and northeastern Namibia eastward to northwestern Mozambique, then southward through Zimbabwe and northeast Botswana to eastern and southern South Africa, avoiding Namib and Kalahari deserts; partially migratory in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103762276","sthsee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthsee2","avibase-12E75955",null,null,"'Inhabits the colony [i.e. Cape Colony] and country as far as Latakoo.' Restricted to Latakoo, near Kuruman, Bechuanaland (i.e. northern Cape Province), by W. L. Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 468. Subsequent restriction to Grahamstown, eastern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1966, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 611, is not accepted.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/129/mode/1up","Linaria gularis"],["30569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra gularis benguellensis","(Reichenow, 1904)","Die Vögel Afrikas 3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Angola to western Zambia and far northeastern Namibia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A042321",null,null,"Caconda.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49737#page/298/mode/1up","Poliospiza tristriata var. benguellensis"],["30570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra gularis endemion","(Clancey, 1952)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge Heft 1/2, Jahrgang 3 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern South Africa (Mpumalanga to central Free State and KwaZulu-Natal), Lesotho, Eswatini, and southern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75BE66B1",null,null,"Town Bush, 3,000 ft., Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa.","Three new Races of South African Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156190#page/32/mode/1up","Poliospiza gularis endemion"],["30571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra gularis gularis","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana and northern South Africa (Limpopo and northern North West Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B00C2A7",null,null,"'Inhabits the colony [i.e. Cape Colony] and country as far as Latakoo.' Restricted to Latakoo, near Kuruman, Bechuanaland (i.e. northern Cape Province), by W. L. Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 468. Subsequent restriction to Grahamstown, eastern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1966, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 611, is not accepted.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/129/mode/1up","Linaria gularis"],["30572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra gularis humilis","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.511",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (Western Cape and Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A56CF9BE",null,null,"central Africa; type from Baviaans River or Kaffernland, fide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., new ser., 1, p. 81; here restricted to the usually accepted Baviaans' River, Bedford District, eastern Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/789/mode/1up","Fringilla humilis"],["30573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra gularis mendosa","(Clancey, 1966)","Durban Museum Novitates 7 (13) p.612",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Botswana to western Zimbabwe and adjacent highland northwestern Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F51B02DB",null,null,"Mazohwe River, lat. 20° 23' S., long. 28° 4r E., Matopos Hills, southwestern Southern Rhodesia.","A catalogue of birds of the South African sub-region (Part V: Families Sturnidae - Fringillidae (concluded)).","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1582","Serinus gularis mendosus"],["30574","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra striatipectus","(Sharpe, 1891)","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.258-259","Stripe-breasted Seedeater","Stripe-breasted Seedeater","Stripe-breasted Seedeater","2025-1138","Taxon <em>striatipectus</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Crithagra reichardi</em> based on subtle differences in plumage and behavior, combined with differences in ecology; also reported to differ vocally (Stevenson &amp; Fanshawe 2002). A comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","patchy and local in foothill to submontane open woodland, shrubby escarpment, and wooded grassland, from Ethiopia and eastern South Sudan southward to western Kenya and adjacent eastern Uganda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761521","reisee3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reisee3","avibase-FB84DF4D",null,null,"Elgeyo. East Africa.","On the Birds collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S., during his recent Expedition to Uganda through the Territory of the Imperial British East-African Company. Part I. With Notes by the Collector.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/290/mode/1up","Poliospiza striatipectus"],["30575","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra reichardi","(Reichenow, 1882)","Journal für Ornithologie 30, no.158 p.209","Reichard's Seedeater","Reichard's Seedeater","Reichard's Seedeater","2025-1138","Taxon <em>striatipectus</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Crithagra reichardi</em> based on subtle differences in plumage and behavior, combined with differences in ecology; also reported to differ vocally (Stevenson &amp; Fanshawe 2002). A comprehensive genetic review would be informative.","foothill to submontane miombo and teak woodland from central and western Tanzania and southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo southward to Zambia, Malawi, and disjunctly in northern Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103761856","reisee4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reisee4","avibase-DE9A742B",null,null,"Kakoma, near Tabora, Tanganyika.","Neue Arten aus Ost-Afrika nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102781#page/221/mode/1up","Poliospiza reichardi"],["30576","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra tristriata","(Rüppell, 1840)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.97","Brown-rumped Seedeater","Brown-rumped Seedeater","Brown-rumped Seedeater",null,null,"foothill to montane scrub, juniper woodland, rocky hillsides, gardens, and urban parks, in Eritrea, northern and central Ethiopia, and northern Somalia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720236","brrsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrsee1","avibase-30384990",null,null,"Taranta Mountains passes, 8,000 ft., Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/177/mode/1up","Serinus tristriatus"],["30577","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra menachensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.90","Yemen Serin","Yemen Serin","Yemen Serin",null,null,"foothill to montane dry scrub, rocky hillsides, stony plateaus, and in villages and towns, in southwestern Saudi Arabia, western Yemen, and far western Oman",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720241","yemser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yemser1","avibase-5C0BF88F",null,null,"Menacha, Yemen.","Description and remarks on new species of birds collected by G. W. Bury in Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/118/mode/1up","Poliospiza menachensis"],["30578","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra ankoberensis","(Ash, 1979)","Ibis vol.121, no.1 p.1-7","Ankober Serin","Ankober Serin","Ankober Serin",null,null,"submontane to montane cliffs and escarpments with vertical bare rock faces, open highland grassland, and stunted tree-heath, in northern and central Ethiopia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720246","ankser2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ankser2","avibase-F422B222",null,null,"Ethiopia, Shoa Province, 3 km N of Ankober, 9 36'N, 39 46'E","A new species of serin from Ethiopia.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1979.tb05010.x","Serinus ankoberensis"],["30579","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra totta","(Sparrman, 1786)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.1 no.xviii pl.18","Cape Siskin","Cape Siskin","Cape Siskin",null,null,"lowland to submontane fynbos, protea thickets, coastal scrub, woodland, and pine or eucalypt plantations, in southwestern South Africa; some altitudinal dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720288","capsis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capsis2","avibase-0B5B5E28",null,null,"Hottentot country, i.e. Cape Province.",null,null,"Loxia totta"],["30580","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Crithagra symonsi","(Roberts, 1916)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 5, pt.3 p.257","Drakensberg Siskin","Drakensberg Siskin","Drakensberg Siskin",null,null,"submontane to montane heath, scrub, and highland grassland in east-central South Africa and Lesotho",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720292","drasis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drasis2","avibase-875794B9",null,null,"with type locality as Sangebetu Valley, Basutoland","Ornithological Notes : Classification of African Birds : New Records of Birds : New Species and subspecies : Parasitism amongst Finches.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203183#page/645/mode/1up","Spinus symonsi"],["30581","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria","Bechstein, 1802","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 1 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla cannabina [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 78).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/161/mode/1up","Linaria"],["30582","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182","Twite","Twite","Twite",null,null,"low Arctic to temperate northwestern and montane central Palearctic in open areas: northern and central British Isles, western and northern Scandinavia; disjunctly Caucasus and south-central and northeastern Türkiye eastward through south-central Russia, northern Kazakhstan, northern and western Xinjiang (northwestern China), and Mongolia, in south to northwestern Iran, central Afghanistan through Altai region, northwestern Himalayas eastward to Nepal, Tibet, Qinghai, and Gansu (north-central China); winters to lower elevations and southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720438","twite1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/twite1","avibase-6CD4E38E",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 76.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla flavirostris"],["30583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris pipilans","(Latham, 1787)","Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"Shetland, Hebrides, and Orkney islands, Ireland, Scotland, and northern England",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1450607",null,null,"based on 'Mountain Linnet' of Pennant, 1787, Brit. Zool. 1, no. 133, which was described by Willughby, 1678, Ornith., p. 261, from 'mountains of the Peak of Derbyshire.",null,null,"Fringilla Pipilans"],["30584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris flavirostris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Norway, northern Sweden, northern Finland, and Kola Peninsula; winters to southern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2986323",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 76.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla flavirostris"],["30585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris brevirostris","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.658",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Türkiye and Caucasus to northwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7388BC7",null,null,"Erzurum, Turkey, fide Hartert, 1903",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/668/mode/1up","Linota brevirostris"],["30586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris kirghizorum","(Sushkin, 1925)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8BA0FA3",null,null,"Karabutak, Turgai province, Kirghiz steppe","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=12","Cannabina flavirostris kirghizorum"],["30587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris korejevi","(Zarudny & Härms, 1914)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 22 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Kazakhstan to northwestern China; winters to central Afghanistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-250AA184",null,null,"Dsharkent [=Panfilov], Tyschkan, and Ilisk [=Ili] [southeastern Kazakhstan]","Vorläufige Bemerkung über zwei neue Formen der Berghänflinge aus dem Russischen Turkestan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35433#page/65/mode/1up","Linota brevirostris korejevi"],["30588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris altaica","(Sushkin, 1925)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Altai Mountains of central Russia to northwestern Outer Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16797458",null,null,"Kobdo, northwestern Mongolia.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=13","Cannabina flavirostris altaica"],["30589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris montanella","(Hume, 1873)","Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.261, pl. 26",null,null,null,null,null,"Kyrgyzstan (Alai Mountains) to Pamirs and western China (western Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49EFA14C",null,null,"Arpalak River, Hill Yarkand, southwestern Sinkiang.",null,null,"Linota montanella"],["30590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris miniakensis","(Jacobi, 1923)","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 16, no.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (eastern Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Gansu) to southeastern Tibet",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AB08971",null,null,"Tschuwo, Bameh, and Dawo [eastern Sikang, northeast of Kangting, formerly Tatsienlu, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 614].","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Ost-tibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobachtungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds.",null,"Acanthis flavirostris miniakensis"],["30591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria flavirostris rufostrigata","(Walton, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (northern Kashmir to northern Nepal and southwestern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A847AE1",null,null,"Khamba, southern Tibet.","On five new species of birds from Tibet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/705/mode/1up","Linota rufostrigata"],["30592","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182","Common Linnet","Eurasian Linnet","Common Linnet",null,null,"open lowland woodland and fields (alpine meadows in south) of British Isles, southern Scandinavia eastward to Altai region (south-central Russia), northern Xinjiang (northwestern China), and far western Mongolia, in south to Madeira and Canary Islands, Morocco to northern Libya, throughout Mediterranean to Türkiye, Cyprus, and the Levant, through Caucasus, Iran, and northern Afghanistan to eastern Kazakhstan; makes short-distance movements in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720441","eurlin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurlin1","avibase-32635892",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 73.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla cannabina"],["30593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina autochthona","(Clancey, 1946)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 66 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Scotland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0DAB237",null,null,"two miles east Carmunnock, northwestern Lanarkshire, southwestern Scotland.","Two New Races of Acanthis cannabina (Linnaeus) from the Western Palaearctic Region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125657#page/108/mode/1up","Acanthis cannabina autochthona"],["30594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina cannabina","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"western, central, and northern Europe (central Scandinavia southward to northern Spain, northern Italy, northeastern Greece, western Türkiye, and Ukraine) and western and south-central Siberia eastward to upper Yenisey River, southern Krasnoyarsk, and northern Altai; non-breeding visitor to northern Africa and southwestern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E2CC6D1",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 73.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla cannabina"],["30595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina bella","(Brehm, 1845)","Isis von Oken 38, heft 5 col.348",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimea, west-central Türkiye, Cyprus, and Levant eastward to Caucasus, Iran, southern Turkmenistan, northern Afghanistan, southern and eastern Kazakhstan (southwestern Altai, Tarbagatay, and Tian Shan), western Mongolia and northwestern China (northern and northwestern Xinjiang); in winter also southward to northern Pakistan (Baluchistan, Salt Range, and Punjab)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44A718E6",null,null,"Egypt or Nubia [error = Beirut, Lebanon, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 616],",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87989#page/190/mode/1up","Fringilla bella"],["30596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina mediterranea","(Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1903)","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 14 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"Iberia (except northern Spain, but including Balearic Islands) eastward to southern Italy, Croatia, Greece, Crete, and Aegean Sea islands, also northwestern Africa (Morocco eastward to northern Tunisia and northern Libya)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A4511EB",null,null,"Cattaro, Dalmatia.","Über palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209651#page/161/mode/1up","Acanthis cannabina mediterranea"],["30597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina guentheri","(Wolters, 1953)","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 3 Heft3,4 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira including Porto Santo and Desertas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA9806A5",null,null,"Madeira",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156190#page/298/mode/1up","Carduelis cannabina guentheri"],["30598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina meadewaldoi","(Hartert, 1901)","Novitates Zoologicae 8, no.3 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"El Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria (western and central Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE77558F",null,null,"Tenerife, Canary Islands.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika. I. Abschnitt. Reise nach Sokoto und Kano im westlichen Sudan. V. Kapitel. Die Fauna der Canarischen Inseln.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22660#page/365/mode/1up","Acanthis cannabina meadewaldoi"],["30599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria cannabina harterti","(Bannerman, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Fuerteventura and its satellites Lobos, Lanzarote, La Graciosa, and Alegranza (eastern Canary Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-35F896EF",null,null,"Lanzarote, Canary Islands.","Exhibition and description of two new subspecies from the Canary Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/73/mode/1up","Acanthis cannabina harterti"],["30600","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria yemenensis","(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.89","Yemen Linnet","Yemen Linnet","Yemen Linnet",null,null,"foothill to montane rocky scree, wadis with thornscrub, acacia scrub, juniper woodland, and plantations, in southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720450","yemlin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yemlin1","avibase-FFC77162",null,null,"Menacha, Yemen.","Description and remarks on new species of birds collected by G. W. Bury in Yemen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/117/mode/1up","Pseudacanthis yemenensis"],["30601","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Linaria johannis","(Clarke, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.48","Warsangli Linnet","Warsangli Linnet","Warsangli Linnet",null,null,"foothill to montane arid plateaus, juniper woodland, thickets, scrub, and olive groves, in northern Somalia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720457","warlin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/warlin1","avibase-3E8BDBBA",null,null,"Mush Haled, 4,000 ft., about 250 miles WSW. of Cape Guardafui, Warsangli country, British Somaliland.","Description of a new genus and five new forms from Somaliland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/316/mode/1up","Warsanglia johannis"],["30602","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Acanthis","Borkhausen, 1797","Deutsche Fauna, oder kurzgefasste Naturgeschichte der Thiere Deutschlands. Erster Theil. Säugthiere und Vögel 1 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla linaria [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (A.O.U., 1910, Check List, 3rd ed., p. 247). = Fringilla flammea Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,null,"Acanthis"],["30603","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Acanthis flammea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182","Redpoll","Redpoll","Redpoll","2025-1108","The polytypic <em>Acanthis flammea</em> complex is treated as a single species based on genetic evidence. Although formerly separated into three species (<em>A. flammea, A. hornemanni</em> and <em>A. cabaret</em>), mitochondrial, nuclear, and genomic DNA analyses show a lack of divergence and high levels of gene flow (Marthinsen et al. 2008; Mason &amp; Taylor 2015), with phenotypic variation largely determined by a chromosomal inversion that shows a latitudinal (rather than a taxoN0specific) gradient in its distribution (Funk et al. 2021). However, there is evidence of assortative mating where the taxa come into secondary contact, and the three taxa are generally identifiable as discrete phenotypes; further research needed.","breeds Greenland and Iceland eastward to northeastern Russia, and Alaska to islands of far northeastern and southeastern Canada; winters to south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22725044","redpol1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redpol1","avibase-B6C8DDB2",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Norrland, Sweden, by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 77.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla flammea"],["30604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Acanthis flammea flammea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Eurasia and northern North America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71C8DB80",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Norrland, Sweden, by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 77.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla flammea"],["30605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Acanthis flammea rostrata","(Coues, 1861)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Labrador, Baffin Island, southern Greenland, and Iceland; winters to British Isles and northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D2F2621",null,null,"Jakobshavn, Greenland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17713#page/390/mode/1up","Aegiothus rostratus"],["30606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Acanthis flammea cabaret","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly restricted to British Isles and the Alps, but has expanded recently eastward through southern Scandinavia eastward to eastern Europe; introduced to New Zealand, and self-colonized New Zealand subantarctic islands and Macquarie Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D41F1614",null,null,"Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/185/mode/1up","Fringilla cabaret"],["30607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Acanthis flammea exilipes","(Coues, 1862)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13 p.385",null,null,null,null,null,"tundra of northern Eurasia and northern North America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43AFE986",null,null,"Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, Canada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17713#page/397/mode/1up","Aegiothus exilipes"],["30608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Acanthis flammea hornemanni","(Holbøll, 1843)","Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift [Krøyer] 4 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Ellesmere and Baffin islands and northern Greenland; winters to British Isles and northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA358215",null,null,"Greenland; type from Ameralikfjord, fide Salomonsen, 1928, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 86, p. 170.",null,null,"Linota hornemanni"],["30609","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia curvirostra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by Linnaean tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia"],["30610","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia megaplaga","Riley, 1916","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 66, no.15 p.1,2","Hispaniolan Crossbill","Hispaniolan Crossbill","Hispaniolan Crossbill",null,null,"cordillera central of Dominican Republic and adjacent Haiti",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720651","hiscro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hiscro","avibase-30E7CF04",null,null,"El Rio, Santo Domingo.","Three remarkable new species of birds from Santo Domingo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94426#page/347/mode/1up","Loxia megaplaga"],["30611","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia leucoptera","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.844","Two-barred Crossbill","White-winged Crossbill","Two-barred Crossbill","2026-097","The treatment of <em>Loxia leucoptera bifasciata</em> as a subspecies of <em>L. leucoptera</em> is upheld pending further research. Although song differences have been noted (Elmberg 1993) a comprehensive bioacoustic analysis is lacking, morphological differences are not pronounced, and genetic data are inconclusive with mitochondrial DNA (Parchman et al. 2007) and limited genomic data (Benkman 2025) producing different topologies with low or absent support for the inferred relationships.","conifer forest of subarctic to northern temperate Holarctic: eastern Scandinavia through Russia to Sea of Okhotsk, southward through south-central Russia, northeastern Mongolia, and probably Heilongjiang (far northeastern China); Alaska and Canada (except northern), Rocky Mountains and northern tier of contiguous USA; may winter irruptively southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728944","whwcro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwcro","avibase-80C297E6",null,null,"Hudson Bay and New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/345/mode/1up","Loxia leucoptera"],["30612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia leucoptera bifasciata","(Brehm, 1827)","Isis von Oken 20, heft 8-9 col.714",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of northern Eurasia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A98C15C",null,null,"Germany",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85168#page/387/mode/1up","Crucirostra bifasciata"],["30613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia leucoptera leucoptera","Gmelin, 1789","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.844",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Alaska to Newfoundland, Canada, and northern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17823823",null,null,"Hudson Bay and New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/345/mode/1up","Loxia leucoptera"],["30614","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia pytyopsittacus","Borkhausen, 1793","Rheinisches Magazin zur Erweiterung der Naturkunde 1 p.139","Parrot Crossbill","Parrot Crossbill","Parrot Crossbill",null,null,"coniferous forest of northeastern Europe to western Siberia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720638","parcro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parcro2","avibase-CAAD3E23",null,null,"no type locality [reference not verified] ; Sweden designated by Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 122.",null,null,"Loxia pytyopsittacus"],["30615","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia scotica","Hartert, 1904","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.120","Scottish Crossbill","Scottish Crossbill","Scottish Crossbill",null,null,"pine forest of northern Scotland",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720641","scocro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scocro1","avibase-74FCC44D",null,null,"East Ross-shire, Scotland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/188/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra scotica"],["30616","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia sinesciuris","Benkman, 2009","The Condor 111 169-176","Cassia Crossbill","Cassia Crossbill",null,"2025-1107","Taxon <em>sinesciuris </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Loxia curvirostra</em> based on evidence of assortative mating and near-complete reproductive isolation (Smith &amp; Benkman 2007; Benkman et al. 2009), supported, in part, by genetics. Although <em>sinesciuris </em>forms a separate clade based on analysis of genome-wide data (Parchman et al. 2016), divergence is extremely shallow and renders <em>L. curvirostra</em> paraphyletic; further research needed.","South Hills and Albion Mountains of south-central Idaho (northwestern USA)",null,null,null,"redcro9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redcro9","avibase-5627C990",null,null,"adult female (after year of hatching) obtained by William Holimon on 25 July 1998 in the Sawtooth National Forest at Porcupine Springs, Cassia County, Idaho (latitude 42n 10` 4.4p N, longitude 114n 15` 55.3p W).","A New Species of the Red Crossbill (Fringillidae: Loxia) from Idaho","https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/111/1/169/5152452","Loxia sinesciuris"],["30617","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171","Red Crossbill","Red Crossbill",null,"2025-1107","Taxon <em>sinesciuris </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Loxia curvirostra</em> based on evidence of assortative mating and near-complete reproductive isolation (Smith &amp; Benkman 2007; Benkman et al. 2009), supported, in part, by genetics. Although <em>sinesciuris </em>forms a separate clade based on analysis of genome-wide data (Parchman et al. 2016), divergence is extremely shallow and renders <em>L. curvirostra</em> paraphyletic; further research needed.","conifer forest of subarctic to subtropical Holarctic: British Isles, Scandinavia (except far north) eastward across Russia to Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin, and Kuril Islands (southeastern Russia), Hokkaido to central Honshu (northern to central Japan), North Korea, in south through Iberian Peninsula, Morocco to Tunisia (northwestern to north-central Africa), eastward through Mediterranean, Türkiye, Caucasus, Altai of eastern Kyrgyzstan, eastern Kazakhstan, northwestern Xinjiang (northwestern China), southern and central Mongolia to Heilongjiang and Hebei (northeastern China); disjunctly west-central to eastern Himalayas, southeastern Tibet, Qinghai, and Gansu to northwestern Yunnan; southern Vietnam; Luzon (northern Philippines); southeastern Alaska eastward to Newfoundland (northeastern Canada), southward to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), Rocky and Appalachian mountains, southward through Nicaragua; may winter irruptively southward",null,null,null,"redcro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redcro","avibase-135564AA",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra"],["30618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra curvirostra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of northern Europe to eastern Siberia and northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-479AA09E",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra"],["30619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra balearica","(Homeyer, 1862)","Journal für Ornithologie 10, no.58 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"Balearic Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D25D0F9",null,null,"Mallorca.","Die Balearen. (Fortsetzung ; siehe Januar-Heft 1862, Seite 1-23.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101707#page/282/mode/1up","Crucirostra curvirostra, var. balearica"],["30620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra corsicana","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1912","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 23 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of Corsica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77B7546A",null,null,"Corsica.","Über paläarktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198308#page/241/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra corsicana"],["30621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra poliogyna","Whitaker, 1898","Ibis ser.7, vol.4, no.16 p.625",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47EE8750",null,null,"Aleppo pine woods, central Tunisia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35515#page/689/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra poliogyna"],["30622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra guillemardi","Madarász, 1903","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Balkans and Türkiye to the Caucasus and southern Ukraine",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11BD460C",null,null,"Cyprus.","Zwei neue cyprische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/23/mode/1up","Loxia guillemardi"],["30623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra altaiensis","Sushkin, 1925","Spisok i raspredelenie ptits Russkogo Altaia i blizhaishikh chastei Severo-Zapadnoi Mongolii: s opisaniem novykh ili maloizvestnykh form p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Altai Mountains",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08A9CB20",null,null,"Ongudai, central Altai.",null,null,"Loxia curvirostra altaiensis"],["30624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra tianschanica","Laubmann, 1927","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 17 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"Tian Shan Mountains (Kazakhstan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EFC585F",null,null,"Naryn, 8,000 ft., Tian Shan.","Über eine neue Rasse von Loxia curvirostra L..",null,"Loxia curvirostra tianschanica"],["30625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra himalayensis","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.952",null,null,null,null,null,"Himalayas (Kashmir to Nepal, Sikkim, southwestern China, and southwestern Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-203D4B7A",null,null,"Nepal (by inference).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/498/mode/1up","L[oxia] himalayensis"],["30626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra meridionalis","Robinson & Kloss, 1919","Ibis ser.11, vol.1, no.4 p.618-619",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A36AEB",null,null,"Dalat, 5,000 ft., southern Annam.","On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. Pycnonotidae - Dicaeidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55162#page/728/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra meridionalis"],["30627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra japonica","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds far northeastern Asia southward to central Honshu; winters to east-central China and southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B82803A4",null,null,"middle or main island of Japan [=Honshu] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23782#page/175/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra japonica"],["30628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra luzoniensis","Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Philippines (mountains of northern Luzon)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F65C2384",null,null,"mountains of northern Luzon.","New species from Northern Luzon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/149/mode/1up","Loxia luzoniensis"],["30629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra minor","(Brehm, 1846)","Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden 1, heft 6 p.532",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Canada and north-central USA; winters to southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B8C36F1",null,null,"eastern United States.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103661#page/548/mode/1up","Crucirostra minor"],["30630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra percna","Bent, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.15 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Newfoundland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD2639FA",null,null,"Flatbay River, Newfoundland","A new subspecies of crossbill from Newfoundland","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/279/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra percna"],["30631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra sitkensis","Grinnell, 1909","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.223-225",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Alaska to northwestern California; winters to northeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1D210B2",null,null,"Windfall Harbor, Admiralty Island, Alaska.","[The birds of the Alexander expedition to Alaska].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/289/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra sitkensis"],["30632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra bendirei","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Yukon and northern British Columbia to western USA east of Cascades; winters to Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11ECC38A",null,null,"Fort Klamath, Oregon.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/285/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra bendirei"],["30633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra benti","Griscom, 1937","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 41, no.5 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming to southwestern USA; winters to southern Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A3884EF",null,null,"Grafton, North Dakota.","A monographic study of the Red Crossbill.",null,"Loxia curvirostra benti"],["30634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra grinnelli","Griscom, 1937","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 41, no.5 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3512F826",null,null,"Phillips, Eldorado County, California.","A monographic study of the Red Crossbill.",null,"Loxia curvirostra grinnelli"],["30635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra stricklandi","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.524 p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona and southern New Mexico southward through western Mexico (Sierra Nevada Occidental) to Chiapas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E270E3DF",null,null,"not mentioned",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/368/mode/1up","Loxia curvirostra stricklandi"],["30636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Loxia curvirostra mesamericana","Griscom, 1937","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 41, no.5 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"montane pine forest from Guatemala to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50028FFA",null,null,"Rancho Quemado, south-central Honduras.","A monographic study of the Red Crossbill.",null,"Loxia curvirostra mesamericana"],["30637","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chrysocorythus","Wolters, 1967","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 18 p.171.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Serinus mindanensis [Ripley & Rabor, 1961]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156127#page/467/mode/1up","Chrysocorythus"],["30638","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chrysocorythus mindanensis","(Ripley & Rabor, 1961)","Postilla 50 p.13","Mindanao Serin","Mindanao Serin","Mindanao Serin","2025-1106","Taxon <em>mindanensis</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Chrysocorythus estherae</em> based on marked differences in plumage (Eaton et al. 2021), although genetic and vocal data are needed to confirm this split.","southern Philippines (Mount Katanglad and Mount Apo on Mindanao)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103764849","mouser3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouser3","avibase-1513D718",null,null,"Malaybalay, Mount Katanglad, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao, Philippines.","The avifauna of Mount Katanglad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/561/mode/1up","Serinus mindanensis"],["30639","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chrysocorythus estherae","(Finsch, 1902)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.3 p.151","Indonesian Serin","Indonesian Serin","Mountain Serin","2025-1106","Taxon <em>mindanensis</em> is treated as a species separate from <em>Chrysocorythus estherae</em> based on marked differences in plumage (Eaton et al. 2021), although genetic and vocal data are needed to confirm this split.","montane forest, humid montane grasslands above treeline and heather-dominated meadows with scattered scrub in the mountains of northwestern Sumatra, locally in Java, and in central Sulawesi",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103764840","mouser2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouser2","avibase-7E501141",null,null,"Mt. Pangrango, 6,000 ft., western Java.","Über zwei neue Vogelarten von Java.",null,"Crithagra Estherae"],["30640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chrysocorythus estherae vanderbilti","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1939)","Notulae Naturae 18 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Sumatra",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62DBA9C6",null,null,"Blangbeke, 7,000 ft., Acheen [= Atjeh], northern Sumatra.","Preliminary report on the Birds of the George Vanderbilt Sumatran expedition 1939.",null,"Serinus estherae vanderbilti"],["30641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chrysocorythus estherae estherae","(Finsch, 1902)","Notes from the Leyden Museum 23 no.3 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Java",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA4B3926",null,null,"Mt. Pangrango, 6,000 ft., western Java.","Über zwei neue Vogelarten von Java.",null,"Crithagra Estherae"],["30642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chrysocorythus estherae orientalis","(Chasen, 1940)","Treubia 17, no.4 p.263",null,null,null,null,null,"Tengger Mountains (south-central Java)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69BC9CEE",null,null,"Mt. Ajekajek, ca. 2,300 m., Tengger Mountains, eastern Java.","Notes on some Javan Birds.","https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v17i4.2571","Serinus estherae orientalis"],["30643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Chrysocorythus estherae renatae","(Schuchmann & Wolters, 1982)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 102, no.1 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"Gunung Rantekombola, in South Sulawesi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A50C7B3F",null,null,"Mount Rantekombola, Sulawesi, elev. 2300 m","A new subspecies of Serinus estherae (Carduelidae) from Sulawesi.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/222/mode/1up","Serinus estherae renatae"],["30644","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.36;3, p.53",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla carduelis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy = Fringilla carduelis Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/78/mode/1up","Carduelis"],["30645","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis citrinella","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.3 no.142","Citril Finch","Citril Finch","Citril Finch",null,null,"montane coniferous forest of southern Europe",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720062","citfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/citfin1","avibase-039E0011",null,null,"'Holland.",null,null,"Fringilla citrinella"],["30646","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis corsicana","(Koenig, 1899)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 7 p.120","Corsican Finch","Corsican Finch","Corsican Finch",null,null,"Corsica and Sardinia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729538","corfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corfin1","avibase-E2BF60CF",null,null,"Corsica.","Eine neue Vogelart von der Insel Corsica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101400#page/136/mode/1up","Citrinella corsicana"],["30647","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis caniceps","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23","Grey-crowned Goldfinch","Gray-crowned Goldfinch","Grey-capped Goldfinch","2025-1109","Taxon <em>caniceps </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Carduelis carduelis</em> based on abrupt transitions in plumage and vocalizations. However, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Zamora et al. 2006) is shallow and hybridization occurs in areas of contact; further research incorporating genome-wide DNA analyses would be informative.","lowland to montane open conifer, deciduous, and mixed woodland, heath, steppe grassland, scrub, cultivation, parks, and gardens from south-central Siberia, eastern Mongolia, and northwestern China southward to eastern Iran, and eastward through Himalayas from northern Pakistan to Nepal; downslope and erratic post-breeding dispersal",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103764968","eurgol2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurgol2","avibase-9BDBCD7F",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Carduelis caniceps"],["30648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis caniceps paropanisi","Kollibay, 1910","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 18 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran to northern Afghanistan and western China (Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A07B597",null,null,"Narin-Tal, Hindu Kush, northern Afghanistan.","Carduelis caniceps paropanisi subsp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101403#page/162/mode/1up","Carduelis caniceps paropanisi"],["30649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis caniceps subulata","(Gloger, 1833)","Das Abändern der Vögel durch Einfluß des Klima's: nach zoologischen, zunächst von den europäischen Landvögeln entnommenen Beobachtungen dargestellt, mit den entsprechenden Erfahrungen bei den europäischen Säugthieren verglichen, und durch Thatsachen aus dem Gebiete der Physiologie, der Physik und der physischen Geographie erläutert p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Siberia to Lake Baikal and northwestern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0351B6F",null,null,"Yenisei.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106357#page/188/mode/1up","Fringilla subulata"],["30650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis caniceps caniceps","Vigors, 1831","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1, no.2 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"western Himalayas (Kashmir to Nepal and western Tibet)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F197419",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.","Exhibition of birds from the Himalayan Mountains.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/37/mode/1up","Carduelis caniceps"],["30651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis caniceps ultima","Koelz, 1949","The Auk 66, no.2 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97B223CB",null,null,"Niriz, southeastern Fars, southern Iran.","A new Goldfinch from Persia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol66/iss2/40/","Carduelis carduelis ultima"],["30652","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180","European Goldfinch","European Goldfinch","European Goldfinch","2025-1109","Taxon <em>caniceps </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Carduelis carduelis</em> based on abrupt transitions in plumage and vocalizations. However, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Zamora et al. 2006) is shallow and hybridization occurs in areas of contact; further research incorporating genome-wide DNA analyses would be informative.","lowland to submontane open deciduous and mixed woodland, heath, steppe grasslands, cultivation, parks, and gardens from British Isles and southern Scandinavia eastward to Ural Mountains (Russia), and southward to Madeira and Canary Islands, northwestern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Nile Valley (Egypt), Levant, and western Iran; northern populations migrate to southern Europe and Middle East; introduced widely, including Azores and Cabo Verde, southeastern Australia, New Zealand, Wisconsin (USA), Bermuda, Uruguay, and east-central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103764950","eurgol","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurgol","avibase-59353A05",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 67.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla carduelis"],["30653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis britannica","(Hartert, 1903)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"British Isles, Channel Islands, and northwestern France eastward to western Netherlands; this or nominate introduced Azores, southeastern Australia, Norfolk Island, New Zealand (and self-introduced to Chatham and subantarctic islands), Wisconsin (USA), Bermuda, Uruguay, and east-central Argentina (Buenos Aires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B07D174",null,null,"Rottingdean, Sussex, England.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/130/mode/1up","Acanthis carduelis britannica"],["30654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis carduelis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Scandinavian Peninsula eastward to central Urals, southward to eastern Netherlands, central France, Italy, northwestern Romania, Moldova, and northern Ukraine; partially migratory, wintering from central and southern Europe eastward to western Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E1C94B9",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 67.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla carduelis"],["30655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis parva","Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, 1901","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 9 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"Madeira and Canary Islands, southern France, Iberia, Balearic Islands, and Morocco eastward to northern Libya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65B885B6",null,null,"Machico, Madeira.","Neue Formen von Madeira.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101676#page/149/mode/1up","Carduelis carduelis parva"],["30656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis tschusii","Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1902","Avicula: Giornale Ornitologico Italiano 6 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F996222",null,null,"Dorgali and Sorso, Sardinia [reference not verified] .","Nota sopre alcune nuove sottospecie osservate negli Uccelli di Sardegna.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=NyNHAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA104#v=onepage","Carduelis carduelis Tschusii"],["30657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis balcanica","Sachtleben, 1919","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Balkans southward to Greece, Crete, and northwestern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B08277F",null,null,"Kaluckowa, Macedonia. Range: Dalmatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia, Greece","Auszug aus dem Bericht über die am 7. Februar 1919 im Hotel Bamberger Hof abgehaltene Mitgliederversammlung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/15/mode/1up","Carduelis carduelis balcanica"],["30658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis niediecki","Reichenow, 1907","Journal für Ornithologie 55, no.4 p.623",null,null,null,null,null,"Rhodes, Karpathos, and Cyprus; Egypt to Türkiye, northern Iraq, and southwestern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BA220671",null,null,"Eregli, Asia Minor.","Vögel aus Kleinasien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104724#page/655/mode/1up","Carduelis carduelis niediecki"],["30659","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis brevirostris","Zarudny, 1890","Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Türkiye eastward to northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A99F5248",null,null,"Baku.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106827#page/153/mode/1up","Carduelis elegans brevirostris"],["30660","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis colchica","Kudashev, 1915","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 6, no.4 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"Crimean Peninsula to Caucasus and northeastern Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F9BD7F6",null,null,"Khosta, Black Sea Province [Chernomorsky, Russia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104362#page/707/mode/1up","Carduelis carduelis colchicus"],["30661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis volgensis","Buturlin, 1906","Ibis ser.8, vol.6, no.23 p.424,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ukraine, southeastern European Russia, and far northwestern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3C0A69D",null,null,"Simbirsk [= Ulyanovsk], central European Russia.","On the Birds collected in Transcaucasia by Mr. A. M. Kobylin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85253#page/512/mode/1up","Carduelis carduelis volgensis"],["30662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Carduelis carduelis frigoris","Wolters, 1953","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 3 Heft3,4 p.280",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Siberia (Ural Mountains to Yenisey River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B32A83D",null,null,"Turkestan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156190#page/298/mode/1up","Carduelis carduelis frigoris"],["30663","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus","Koch, 1816","System der baierischen Zoologie (etc.) 1 p.228, pl.6A fig.50",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Serinus hortulanus [Koch, 1816]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Fringilla serinus Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105949#page/276/mode/1up","Serinus"],["30664","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus canaria","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181","Atlantic Canary","Island Canary","Island Canary",null,null,"Azores, Madeira, and western Canary Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720056","comcan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comcan","avibase-191B68BC",null,null,"Canary Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla Canaria"],["30665","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus serinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.320","European Serin","European Serin","European Serin",null,null,"open woodland of southern Palearctic region",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720049","eurser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eurser1","avibase-C3227709",null,null,"southern Europe ; restricted to Switzerland by Laubmann, 1913, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 11, p. 193.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/324/mode/1up","Fringilla Serinus"],["30666","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus pusillus","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.28","Red-fronted Serin","Fire-fronted Serin","Red-fronted Serin",null,null,"mountains of Türkiye to western China; winters to Israel",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720045","fifser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fifser1","avibase-FB1C44D5",null,null,"near Caucasus and Caspian Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/44/mode/1up","Passer pusillus"],["30667","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus syriacus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.523","Syrian Serin","Syrian Serin","Syrian Serin",null,null,"breeds mountains of Lebanon and Syria; winters to Türkiye and northwestern Iraq",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720053","syrser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/syrser1","avibase-95594E16",null,null,"'ex As. occ. Bischerra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/807/mode/1up","Serinus syriacus"],["30668","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus nigriceps","Rüppell, 1840","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.96 pl.34 fig.2","Ethiopian Siskin","Ethiopian Siskin","Ethiopian Siskin",null,null,"foothill to montane moorland, highland grassland, often with giant heath and giant lobelias, euphorbia thickets, and cultivation edges, in northern and central Ethiopia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720078","abysis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abysis1","avibase-E211621B",null,null,"Simen Province, 10,000 ft. Abyssinia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/176/mode/1up","Serinus nigriceps"],["30669","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus alario","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179","Black-headed Canary","Black-headed Canary","Black-headed Canary",null,null,"lowland and foothill arid scrub, rocky outcrops, vleis, and gardens from central and southern Namibia southward to southwestern South Africa, and eastward to central South Africa (Northern Cape, Eastern Cape) and Lesotho; undertakes nomadic and irruptive movements",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720301","bkhcan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhcan2","avibase-CA9E354B",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza alario"],["30670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus alario leucolaemus","(Sharpe, 1903)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia and northwestern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC5C392F",null,null,"Great Namaqua-land ; type, from Hountop River, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 818.","On two new species of African birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/456/mode/1up","Alario leucolaema"],["30671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus alario alario","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"South Africa and Lesotho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24798475",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza alario"],["30672","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus canicollis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.317","Cape Canary","Cape Canary","Cape Canary",null,null,"montane forest, moorland, thornscrub and Fybos from eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique to South Africa (southward to KwaZulu-Natal and Eswatini, and westward to Western Cape); downslope wandering in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736315","capcan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capcan1","avibase-E6C3FA67",null,null,"Africa; restricted to Cape of Good Hope by Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds South Africa, p. 115.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/329/mode/1up","Crithagra canicollis"],["30673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus canicollis griseitergum","Clancey, 1967","Durban Museum Novitates 8 (10) p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9898250",null,null,"Stapleford Forest Reserve, lat. 18° 41' S., long. 32° 51' E., 5,200 ft., Umtah, Rhodesia.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 25. Formal descriptions of four new races of African birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1839","Serinus canicollis griseitergum"],["30674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus canicollis thompsonae","Roberts, 1924","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 10, pt.3 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern South Africa (southward to eastern Free State and southern KwaZulu-Natal), Lesotho, and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A47E6D8B",null,null,"Woodbush, Transvaal.","Synoptic Check-List of the Birds of South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_732","Serinus canicollis thompsonae"],["30675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus canicollis canicollis","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Africa (Western Cape eastward to western Free State and northeastern Eastern Cape)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E20FD40D",null,null,"Africa; restricted to Cape of Good Hope by Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds South Africa, p. 115.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/329/mode/1up","Crithagra canicollis"],["30676","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus flavivertex","(Blanford, 1869)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.23 p.330","Yellow-crowned Canary","Yellow-crowned Canary","Yellow-crowned Canary",null,null,"montane forest and alpine moorland in highlands from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and South Sudan southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastward to Kenya, thence southward to southern Tanzania and Malawi, and in west-central Angola; downslope wandering in non-breeding season",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732947","yeccan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeccan1","avibase-DCFFEEC1",null,null,"'Tigre', Abyssinia; type from Adigrat, Tigre Province, Abyssinia, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 817.","XXXVIII. Descriptions of five Birds and a Hare from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/344/mode/1up","Crithagra flavivertex"],["30677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus flavivertex flavivertex","(Blanford, 1869)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.4, vol.4, no.23 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Eritrea, Ethiopia, southeastern South Sudan, western and central Kenya, and northern Tanzania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-546DA173",null,null,"'Tigre', Abyssinia; type from Adigrat, Tigre Province, Abyssinia, fide W. L. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 817.","XXXVIII. Descriptions of five Birds and a Hare from Abyssinia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61864#page/344/mode/1up","Crithagra flavivertex"],["30678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus flavivertex sassii","Neumann, 1922","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, western Rwanda, western Burundi, southern Tanzania, and northern Malawi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3365BC73",null,null,"Tschingogowald on Lake Kivu.","Zwei neue afrikanische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101438#page/31/mode/1up","Serinus flavivertex sassii"],["30679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Serinus flavivertex huillensis","Sousa, 1889","Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes. Publicado sob os Auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 6 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Angola (southern Cuanza Sul southward to Huíla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B14C46D",null,null,"Huilla, Angola.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23044#page/50/mode/1up","Serinus huillensis"],["30680","genus","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus","Koch, 1816","System der baierischen Zoologie (etc.) 1 p.232.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla spinus [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105949#page/280/mode/1up","Spinus"],["30681","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus thibetanus","(Hume, 1872)","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.107","Tibetan Serin","Tibetan Serin","Tibetan Siskin",null,null,"breeds montane coniferous forest of southeastern Tibet, Sichuan, northern Myanmar, and northwestern Yunnan (southwestern China); winters to lower elevations, from western Nepal to Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720069","tibser1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibser1","avibase-B9024775",null,null,"borders of Sikkim and Tibet.","Descriptions of Six new Species of Indian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/139/mode/1up","Chrysomitris thibetana"],["30682","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus lawrencei","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.105 pl.5","Lawrence's Goldfinch","Lawrence's Goldfinch","Lawrence's Goldfinch",null,null,"breeds southern California and northwestern Baja; winters to Texas and northern Sonora",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720413","lawgol","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lawgol","avibase-C27D9E26",null,null,"Sonoma and San Diego, California ; type from Sonoma, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/125/mode/1up","Carduelis Lawrencei"],["30683","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus tristis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181","American Goldfinch","American Goldfinch","American Goldfinch",null,null,"breeds in weedy and grassy fields, orchards, bushy areas, and gardens from southern British Columbia eastward to southwestern Newfoundland (southwestern to southeastern Canada) southward through southern California and to northern Louisiana and Georgia; winters southward to northern Baja California and northern (northwestern Mexico), Veracruz (eastern Mexico), and southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720407","amegfi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amegfi","avibase-C9ABA616",null,null,"northern America ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 326.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla tristis"],["30684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus tristis pallidus","Mearns, 1890","The Auk 7, no.3 p.244-246",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central British Columbia to west-central USA; winters to Puebla and Veracruz",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F876320F",null,null,"Fort [=Camp] Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona.","Descriptions of a new species and three new subspecies of birds from Arizona.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss3/6/","Spinus tristis pallidus"],["30685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus tristis jewetti","Van Rossem, 1943","The Condor 45, no.4 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon (west of the Cascades)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-049F6D08",null,null,"Ashland, Jackson County, Oregon.","Description of a race of Goldfinch from the Pacific North-west.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol45/iss4/9/","Spinus tristis jewetti"],["30686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus tristis salicamans","Grinnell, 1897","The Auk 14, no.4 p.397-398",null,null,null,null,null,"California (west of Sierra Nevada) to northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5170133B",null,null,"Pasadena, California.","New race of Spinus tristis from the Pacific coast.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss4/9/","Spinus tristis salicamans"],["30687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus tristis tristis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Canada to east-central USA; winters to southeastern USA and eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA7176C9",null,null,"northern America ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 326.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla tristis"],["30688","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus psaltria","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.40,note","Lesser Goldfinch","Lesser Goldfinch","Lesser Goldfinch",null,null,"varied woodland, scrub, and forest-edge habitats and agricultural fields from western USA, from central Washington to southern Wyoming and southward to southern Texas, Baja California, and through mountains of Mexico to northern Nicaragua, also in Yucatan Peninsula, southwestern Costa Rica and Panama, Sierra de Perijá, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, central Venezuela, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to northern Ecuador and from southern Ecuador to north-central Peru (to Ancash)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720410","lesgol","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesgol","avibase-CD5C21CA",null,null,"Arkansas River near mountains [= near Colorado Springs] , Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/52/mode/1up","Fringilla psaltria"],["30689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus psaltria hesperophilus","(Oberholser, 1903)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"western USA to southern Baja California and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-652A9A08",null,null,"San Bernardino, California.","The North American forms of Astragalinus psaltria (Say).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23962#page/129/mode/1up","Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus"],["30690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus psaltria witti","Grant, 1964","The Condor 66, no.6 p.512",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C76F207E",null,null,"southeast side of Maria Magdalena, below 50 ft., Tres Marías Islands, Nayarit.","A new subspecies of Lesser Goldfinch from México.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol66/iss6/9/","Spinus psaltria witti"],["30691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus psaltria psaltria","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.40,note",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central USA to southern Mexico (Guerrero, Veracruz, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10931153",null,null,"Arkansas River near mountains [= near Colorado Springs] , Colorado.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/52/mode/1up","Fringilla psaltria"],["30692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus psaltria jouyi","(Ridgway, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula and northern Quintana Roo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BA46F14",null,null,"Temax, Yucatan, Mexico.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Astragalinus mexicanus jouyi"],["30693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus psaltria colombianus","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9DB3F96",null,null,"Colombia","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/300/mode/1up","Carduelis colombianus"],["30694","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus dominicensis","(Bryant, 1867)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.93","Antillean Siskin","Antillean Siskin","Antillean Siskin",null,null,"montane pine forest of Hispaniola",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720416","antsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antsis1","avibase-326347A8",null,null,"Port au Prince, Haiti.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/107/mode/1up","Chrysomitris dominicensis"],["30695","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus spinus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181","Eurasian Siskin","Eurasian Siskin","Eurasian Siskin",null,null,"breeds northern Palearctic; winters southward to Mediterranean region, China, and Ryukyu Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720354","eursis","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eursis","avibase-9820CECA",null,null,"Europe ; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 71.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla Spinus"],["30696","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus atriceps","(Salvin, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.190","Black-capped Siskin","Black-capped Siskin","Black-capped Siskin",null,null,"coniferous forest of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and western Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720362","blcsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcsis1","avibase-AD3AEB2F",null,null,"near Quetzaltenango, 8,000 ft., Guatemala.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/260/mode/1up","Chrysomitris atriceps"],["30697","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus pinus","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.133 pl.17 fig.1","Pine Siskin","Pine Siskin","Pine Siskin",null,null,"breeds open coniferous forest, mixed coniferous-deciduous forest, and woodland from southern Alaska eastward to Newfoundland and Labrador (northeastern Canada), southward in western USA to mountains in northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), throughout mountains of western and central USA and Mexico southward to western Guatemala, and northeastern USA (Minnesota to Maine); winters irregularly across the Great Plains and eastern USA southward to central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720359","pinsis","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinsis","avibase-B48335B1",null,null,"Bush-hill, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/153/mode/1up","Fringilla pinus"],["30698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus pinus pinus","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.133 pl.17 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coniferous forest of southern Alaska to USA; winters to central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-611D6108",null,null,"Bush-hill, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/153/mode/1up","Fringilla pinus"],["30699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus pinus macropterus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.515",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of northwestern and central Mexico including northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E624B310",null,null,"Guatemala [error] and Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/795/mode/1up","Chrysomitris macroptera"],["30700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus pinus perplexus","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to southwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96A43B13",null,null,"San Andres, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/172/mode/1up","Spinus pinus perplexus"],["30701","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus notatus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.106","Black-headed Siskin","Black-headed Siskin","Black-headed Siskin",null,null,"forest and edge of hills and mountains in Mexico southward from southern Sonora in the west and southern Tamaulipas in the east, southward through southern Mexico (except northern Yucatan Peninsula), Guatemala, west-central Belize, and Honduras to northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720392","blhsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhsis1","avibase-47188991",null,null,"Mexico; Jalapa, Veracruz, designated by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/752/mode/1up","Carduelis notata"],["30702","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus notatus notatus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of eastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EBA79ED2",null,null,"Mexico; Jalapa, Veracruz, designated by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p. 68.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/752/mode/1up","Carduelis notata"],["30703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus notatus forreri","(Salvin & Godman, 1886)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.429",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine belt of western Mexico (southern Sonora and Chihuahua to Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E529FC9F",null,null,"near hamlet of Ciudad, Sierra Madre of Durango, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14589#page/487/mode/1up","Chrysomitris forreri"],["30704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus notatus oleaceus","Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"coniferous forest of Belize to Honduras and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D757207",null,null,"Cerro Cantoral, 6,500 ft., Achaga, Honduras.","New Birds from Honduras and Mexico.",null,"Spinus notatus oleaceus"],["30705","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus cucullatus","(Swainson, 1820)","Zoological Illustrations ser.1, vol.1 pl.7,text","Red Siskin","Red Siskin","Red Siskin",null,null,"northeastern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and southwestern Guyana; local and threatened",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720374","redsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redsis1","avibase-8B583CC8",null,null,"Spanish Main ; Cumana, Venezuela, designated by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p. 43.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92614#page/57/mode/1up","Carduelis cucullata"],["30706","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus barbatus","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.247,345","Black-chinned Siskin","Black-chinned Siskin","Black-chinned Siskin",null,null,"central Chile and southern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720395","blcsis2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcsis2","avibase-AE31F0F3",null,null,"Chile ; restricted to Valparaiso by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p. 81.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=248&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Fringilla barbata"],["30707","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus olivaceus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.387","Olivaceous Siskin","Olivaceous Siskin","Olivaceous Siskin",null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Ecuador to Peru and western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720389","olisis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olisis1","avibase-01BC8E6F",null,null,"Vitoc, Junín, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/419/mode/1up","Spinus olivaceus"],["30708","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus spinescens","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.517","Andean Siskin","Andean Siskin","Andean Siskin",null,null,"Andean grassland in paramos from northwestern Venezuela southward to the high Andes of northeastern Colombia, including the Sierra de Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and in the western and central Andes of Colombia southward to far northern Ecuador (Carchi)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720365","andsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/andsis1","avibase-56FF55E5",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/797/mode/1up","Chrysomitris spinescens"],["30709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus spinescens spinescens","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.517",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Venezuela and far northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-194432D1",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/797/mode/1up","Chrysomitris spinescens"],["30710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus spinescens nigricauda","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate central and western Andes of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0661EB12",null,null,"Páramo de Santa Isabel, 12,700 ft., Central Andes, Colombia,","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Spinus nigricauda"],["30711","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus yarrellii","(Audubon, 1839)","A synopsis of the birds of North America p.117","Yellow-faced Siskin","Yellow-faced Siskin","Yellow-faced Siskin",null,null,"northern Venezuela; interior northeastern Brazil (Ceará to Bahia)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720368","yefsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefsis1","avibase-9C5F13F6",null,null,"'Upper California' [error] ; Bahia, Brazil, designated by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p. 32.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228539#page/133/mode/1up","Carduelis yarrellii"],["30712","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus xanthogastrus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.152","Yellow-bellied Siskin","Yellow-bellied Siskin","Yellow-bellied Siskin",null,null,"highly disjunct in humid to semi-humid woodland, forest borders, and scrub in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, and in the Andes of western Venezuela southward along all Andes of Colombia to the western Andes of Ecuador and far northern Peru, and in the Andes of far southeastern Peru and Bolivia (to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720398","yebsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebsis1","avibase-8E56A1C6",null,null,"Ocaña, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/168/mode/1up","Chrysomitris xanthogastra"],["30713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus xanthogastrus xanthogastrus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"local in mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, and Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6913C2CC",null,null,"Ocaña, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/168/mode/1up","Chrysomitris xanthogastra"],["30714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus xanthogastrus stejnegeri","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) and northwestern Bolivia (La Paz to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5128BDD9",null,null,"Sorata and Nairapi, La Paz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/230/mode/1up","Chrysomitris stejnegeri"],["30715","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus siemiradzkii","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.551 pl.50","Saffron Siskin","Saffron Siskin","Saffron Siskin",null,null,"southwestern Ecuador including Isla Puná, and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720386","safsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/safsis1","avibase-3304398B",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/683/mode/1up","Chrysomitris siemiradzkii"],["30716","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus crassirostris","(Landbeck, 1877)","Der Zoologische Garten 18 p.254","Thick-billed Siskin","Thick-billed Siskin","Thick-billed Siskin",null,null,"montane shrubby steppe, scattered woodland (including Polylepis), and shrubland from the western Andes of north-central Peru (Ancash) southward to western Bolivia and adjacent Chile, and from the Andes of central Bolivia (Cochabamba) southward to northwestern Argentina (to Mendoza) and adjacent central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720380","thbsis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbsis1","avibase-9B6C51A1",null,null,"near passes of Uspallata and Portillo, high Cordillera of Mendoza, Argentina.",null,null,"Chrysomitris crassirostris"],["30717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus crassirostris amadoni","George, 1964","The Condor 66, no.3 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Ancash to Puno), far northern Chile, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A867A23C",null,null,"about 20 km. northeast of Tarata, 12,000 ft., Tacna, Peru.","A Peruvian race of Spinus crassirostris.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol66/iss3/14/","Spinus crassirostris amadoni"],["30718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus crassirostris crassirostris","(Landbeck, 1877)","Der Zoologische Garten 18 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia to central Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C938D04",null,null,"near passes of Uspallata and Portillo, high Cordillera of Mendoza, Argentina.",null,null,"Chrysomitris crassirostris"],["30719","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus atratus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.83","Black Siskin","Black Siskin","Black Siskin",null,null,"Andes of central Peru to northern Chile and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720401","blasis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blasis1","avibase-2124235E",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla (C. [arduelis]) atratus"],["30720","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus uropygialis","(Sclater, 1862)","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.125","Yellow-rumped Siskin","Yellow-rumped Siskin","Yellow-rumped Siskin",null,null,"Andes of central Peru to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720404","yersis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yersis1","avibase-53959D67",null,null,"Chile.",null,null,"Chrysomitris uropygialis"],["30721","species","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus","(Vieillot, 1805)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.54 pl.30","Hooded Siskin","Hooded Siskin","Hooded Siskin",null,null,"disjunctly in dry to humid montane woodland and scrub, and open areas with trees, in tepuis of southern Venezuela, far northern Brazil (Roraima), and adjacent Guyana, in the central Andes of Colombia and locally in the western Andes southward through Peru, where also reaches the Pacific coast, to far northern Chile, across Bolivia and in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest of central and eastern Brazil, from Tocantins southward to central Argentina (to Río Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720383","hoosis1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoosis1","avibase-77CB59D7",null,null,"southern America and vicinity of Straits of Magellan [=error] ; Buenos Aires, Argentina designated by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p. 61.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/128/mode/1up","Fringilla magellanica"],["30722","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus capitalis","(Cabanis, 1866)","Journal für Ornithologie 14, no.81 p.160-161",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far southern Colombia to Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C06DF254",null,null,"Ecuador.","Ueber neue oder weniger bekannte exotische Vögel. (Fortsetzung ; s. November-Heft 1865, S. 406-414.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103185#page/172/mode/1up","Chrysomitris capitalis"],["30723","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus paulus","Todd, 1926","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 17 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical southern Ecuador and western Peru (south to Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5D4E427",null,null,"Zamora, 3,250 ft., Loja, Ecuador.","A study of the Neotropical Finches of the genus Spinus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224537#page/83/mode/1up","Spinus peruanus paulus"],["30724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus peruanus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical central Peru (Huánuco to Ayacucho and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0B04BBD",null,null,"La Merced and Garita del Sol, Peru; type from La Merced, Junín, fide Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat, 6, p. 170.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/410/mode/1up","Spinus ictericus peruanus"],["30725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus urubambensis","Todd, 1926","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 17 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate southern Peru (Cusco) to northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A0B7ADD",null,null,"Cuzco, 11,000 ft., Peru.","A study of the Neotropical Finches of the genus Spinus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224537#page/97/mode/1up","Spinus magellanicus urubambensis"],["30726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus santaecrucis","Todd, 1926","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 17 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern foothills of Andes of Bolivia (Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD087103",null,null,"Samaipata, Bolivia.","A study of the Neotropical Finches of the genus Spinus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224537#page/79/mode/1up","Spinus santaecrucis"],["30727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus bolivianus","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate central and southern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1C2B825",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/240/mode/1up","Chrysomitris icterica subsp. β Chrysomitris boliviana"],["30728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus hoyi","(König, 1981)","Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 350 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-073FE3C8",null,null,"Yavi, Prov. Jujuy, NW Argentina, 4000 m","Formenaufspaltung des Magellanzeisigs (Carduelis magellanica) im zentralen Andenraum.",null,"Carduelis magellanica hoyi"],["30729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus tucumanus","Todd, 1926","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 17 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Santiago, and Santa Fe to Mendoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB7E3DC4",null,null,"Lavalle, 1,800 ft., Santiago del Estero, Argentina.","A study of the Neotropical Finches of the genus Spinus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224537#page/94/mode/1up","Spinus magellanicus tucumanus"],["30730","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus alleni","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7582A2B",null,null,"Chapada, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","New species, etc., of American birds. III. Fringillidae (Continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/7/","Spinus alleni"],["30731","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus ictericus","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) to Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5FFD48B",null,null,"São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/46/mode/1up","Fringilla icterica"],["30732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus magellanicus","(Vieillot, 1805)","Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride p.54 pl.30",null,null,null,null,null,"Uruguay and eastern Argentina (southern Corrientes to Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-483DDC5E",null,null,"southern America and vicinity of Straits of Magellan [=error] ; Buenos Aires, Argentina designated by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p. 61.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/250258#page/128/mode/1up","Fringilla magellanica"],["30733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Fringillidae","Finches, Euphonias, and allies","Spinus magellanicus longirostris","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to Guyana and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-002111FB",null,null,"Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/240/mode/1up","Chrysomitris icterica subsp. longirostris"],["30734","family","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichlidae",null,null,"Thrush-tanager","Thrush-Tanager","Thrush-tanager",null,null,null,null,null,null,"rhodin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rhodin1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["30735","genus","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichla","Hartlaub, 1853","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Furnarius roseus [Lesson, 1832]; type by original designation",null,"Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/45/mode/1up","Rhodinocichla"],["30736","species","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichla rosea","(Lesson, 1832)","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.2 text to pl.5","Rosy Thrush-tanager","Rosy Thrush-Tanager","Rosy Thrush-tanager",null,null,"semi-humid to arid woodland, forest and scrub in western Mexico, southeastern Costa Rica eastward to central Panama, and in northern Colombia, western and north-central Venezuela, southward in interior Colombia to the upper Magdalena Valley (to Tolima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722313","rottan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rottan2","avibase-358DFBA2",null,null,"du Bresil et du district peu connu de San- Jose ; error, Caracas, Venezuela, substituted by Hellmayr, 1918, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 13, p. 303.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/35/mode/1up","Furnarius roseus"],["30737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichla rosea schistacea","Ridgway, 1878","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.38 p.247",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Pacific coast of Mexico (Sinaloa to Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D24ADE14",null,null,"Sierra Madre of Colima and Río Mazatlán, Western Mexico ; type from Sierra Madre de Colima, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 357.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32626#page/273/mode/1up","Rhodinocichla rosea, β schistacea"],["30738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichla rosea eximia","Ridgway, 1902","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.2 p.770",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica (Térraba Valley) to central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F30CFCD",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama and north to southern Costa Rica; type from Bugaba (elev. 600 ft.), Chiriquí, Panama, fide Deignan, 1961, U.S. Nat.. Mus. Bull., 221, p. 586.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32361#page/796/mode/1up","Rhodinocichla rosea eximia"],["30739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichla rosea harterti","Hellmayr, 1918","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"western slope of eastern Andes of central Colombia (Bogotá to eastern Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51369320",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Miscellanea Ornithologica III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/314/mode/1up","Rhodinocichla rosea harterti"],["30740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichla rosea beebei","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.40 p.191-192",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7597527A",null,null,"La Sabana, Río Negro, Peri j a, Zulia, Venezuela; altitude 1300 meters.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/207/mode/1up","Rhodinocichla rosea beebei"],["30741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Rhodinocichlidae","Thrush-tanager","Rhodinocichla rosea rosea","(Lesson, 1832)","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.2 text to pl.5",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (Falcón to Distrito Federal and Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B385E9D9",null,null,"du Bresil et du district peu connu de San- Jose ; error, Caracas, Venezuela, substituted by Hellmayr, 1918, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 13, p. 303.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/35/mode/1up","Furnarius roseus"],["30742","family","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcariidae",null,null,"Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Longspurs",null,null,null,null,null,null,"calcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calcar1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["30743","genus","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Rhynchophanes","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9, pp. xx, xxxviii 432",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Plectrophanes mccownii [Lawrence, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Rhynchophanes"],["30744","species","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Rhynchophanes mccownii","(Lawrence, 1851)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5(1852) p.122","Thick-billed Longspur","Thick-billed Longspur","Thick-billed Longspur",null,null,"breeds western Canada to northwestern USA; winters to northwestern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721025","mcclon","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mcclon","avibase-61E5A0E3",null,null,"high prairies of western Texas.","Descriptions of new species of birds, of the genera Toxostoma Wagler, Tyrannula Swainson, and Plectrophanes Meyer.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/148/mode/1up","Plectrophanes mccownii"],["30745","genus","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Plectrophenax","Stejneger, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Emberiza nivalis [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/57/mode/1up","Plectrophenax"],["30746","species","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Plectrophenax hyperboreus","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.412 p.68","McKay's Bunting","McKay's Bunting","McKay's Bunting",null,null,"breeds Bering Sea islands; winters to coastal Alaska and Aleutians",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721046","mckbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mckbun","avibase-85BA79C0",null,null,"St. Michael Island, south shore of Norton Sound, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/84/mode/1up","Plectrophenax hyperboreus"],["30747","species","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Plectrophenax nivalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176","Snow Bunting","Snow Bunting","Snow Bunting",null,null,"breeds Holarctic, from Greenland and Arctic islands and coasts eastward to Chukchi Peninsula and Kamchatka, and Aleutians, Alaska, and northern Canada to Ellesmere Island; winters to central Eurasia and central North America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721043","snobun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/snobun","avibase-9BEBC025",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza nivalis"],["30748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern North America and northern Europe; winters to southern USA and southern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD1BAB9C",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza nivalis"],["30749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Plectrophenax nivalis insulae","Salomonsen, 1931","Ibis ser.13, vol.1, no.1 p.60,64",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Iceland; winters to Faroe and Shetland islands, and northern Scotland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8F9C92A",null,null,"northern Iceland.","On the Geographical Variation of the Snow-Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis).","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01504.x","Plectrophenax nivalis insulae"],["30750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Plectrophenax nivalis vlasowae","Portenko, 1937","Vsesoiuznyi arkticheskiy institut, Problemy arktiki no.3 p.124,130",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds tundra of northeastern Asia; winters to central Asia, northeastern China, and northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC3E3BF0",null,null,"Rodgers Bay, Wrangel Island.","The Birds of Wrangel Island.",null,"Plectrophenax nivalis vlasowae"],["30751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.403",null,null,null,null,null,"Commander, Pribilof, and western Aleutians",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AB50326",null,null,"Otter Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/70999#page/423/mode/1up","Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi"],["30752","genus","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius","Bechstein, 1802","Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla lapponica [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127844#page/170/mode/1up","Calcarius"],["30753","species","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius lapponicus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180","Lapland Longspur","Lapland Longspur","Lapland Longspur",null,null,"breeds Greenland and Scandinavia to northeastern Siberia, including High Arctic islands, southward to Kamchatka, and Aleutians, Alaska, and northern Canadian Arctic eastward to Ellesmere Island; winters to central Eurasia and central USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721033","laplon","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laplon","avibase-3534E4CE",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla lapponica"],["30754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius lapponicus subcalcaratus","(Brehm, 1826)","Isis von Oken 19, heft 9 col.929,930",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Canada and Greenland; winters to USA and northwestern Europe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB03D6F5",null,null,"Greenland",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/509/mode/1up","Emberiza subcalcarata"],["30755","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Europe and northern Asia; winters to southern Europe and central Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C934CDF",null,null,"Lapland.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla lapponica"],["30756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius lapponicus kamtschaticus","Portenko, 1937","Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 22, heft 2 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Siberia; winters to eastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98B72B06",null,null,"Usstkamtschatsk, Prosorowskaja Koschka",null,null,"Calcarius lapponicus kamtschaticus"],["30757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius lapponicus alascensis","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.4 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds far eastern Siberia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada; winters to western USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7C41C24",null,null,"St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Calcarius lapponicus alascensis"],["30758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius lapponicus coloratus","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.4 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Commander Islands; winters to east-central China and northern Japan (Hokkaido)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C6B7569",null,null,"Copper [=Medny] Island, Commander Islands.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Calcarius lapponicus coloratus"],["30759","species","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius pictus","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.250 pl.49","Smith's Longspur","Smith's Longspur","Smith's Longspur",null,null,"breeds Alaska and western Canada; winters in south-central USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721037","smilon","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smilon","avibase-D307C9A0",null,null,"Carlton House, Saskatchewan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/372/mode/1up","Emberiza (Plectrophanes) picta"],["30760","species","Passeriformes","Calcariidae","Longspurs and Snow Buntings","Calcarius ornatus","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.189","Chestnut-collared Longspur","Chestnut-collared Longspur","Chestnut-collared Longspur",null,null,"breeds prairies of central North America; winters southwestern USA to northern Mexico",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721040","chclon","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chclon","avibase-B64C1B1D",null,null,"prairies of Platte River [=near forks of Platte River, western Nebraska, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 362].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/227/mode/1up","Plectrophanes ornata"],["30761","family","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberizidae",null,null,"Old World Buntings","Old World Buntings","Old World Buntings",null,null,null,null,null,null,"emberi2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emberi2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["30762","genus","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.289",null,null,null,"2026-071","Emberiza is split into four polytypic genera mostly based on the genetic data of Cai et al. (2021): <em>Emberiza</em>, <em>Fringillaria</em>, <em>Schoeniclus</em>, and <em>Melophus</em>. The four-genus arrangement is well supported based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data except for the placement of the African taxon <em>E. affinis</em>, which is unstable (Cai et al. 2021) and is here placed in <em>Fringillaria</em> based on biogeography and morphology. Further research may determine that additional genus splits and/or re-arrangements are warranted.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza capensis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 47).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/313/mode/1up","Fringillaria"],["30763","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria cabanisi","(Reichenow, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.233 pl.2 fig.2,3","Cabanis's Bunting","Cabanis's Bunting","Cabanis's Bunting",null,null,"broadleaf woodland of tropical Africa: Guinea and far southern Mali eastward to far southern Sudan and northwestern Uganda; Angola, southern Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720986","cabbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cabbun1","avibase-45059BE8",null,null,"Cameroons.","[Über einen neuen von Anton Reichenow am Camerun entdeckten Ammer].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/245/mode/1up","Polymitra (Fringillaria) cabanisi"],["30764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria cabanisi cabanisi","(Reichenow, 1875)","Journal für Ornithologie 23, no.130 p.233 pl.2 fig.2,3",null,null,null,null,null,"Guinea and Sierra Leone to South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Uganda",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57855D2E",null,null,"Cameroons.","[Über einen neuen von Anton Reichenow am Camerun entdeckten Ammer].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101688#page/245/mode/1up","Polymitra (Fringillaria) cabanisi"],["30765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria cabanisi cognominata","(Grote, 1931)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39, no.3 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Gabon southward to Angola and eastward to western Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C75F0208",null,null,"Angola ; restricted to Tala Mugongo, Malanje, Angola, by Clancey, 1965",null,"https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_39_0085-0092.pdf#page=7","Emberiza cabanisi cognominata"],["30766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria cabanisi orientalis","Shelley, 1882","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.2 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"Tanzania to eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCED0046",null,null,"Mamboio, Morogoro district, Tanganyika.","A second List of Birds recently collected by Sir John Kirk in Eastern Africa.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/378/mode/1up","Fringillaria orientalis"],["30767","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria flaviventris","(Stephens, 1815)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt2 p.374","Golden-breasted Bunting","Golden-breasted Bunting","Golden-breasted Bunting",null,null,"open woodland of Sahel zone and disjunctly eastern and southern Africa: southern Mauritania to northern Eritrea and far northern Ethiopia; southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and far southern South Sudan through eastern Africa, southward through South Africa (except southwestern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720972","gobbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobbun1","avibase-D1C1A026",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope and Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123876#page/212/mode/1up","Emberiza flaviventris"],["30768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria flaviventris flavigaster","(Cretzschmar, 1828)","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel [\"1826\"] p.38 pl.25",null,null,null,null,null,"southern edge of the Sahara from Mauritania to Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D316816",null,null,"Kordofan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/246/mode/1up","Emberiza flavigaster"],["30769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria flaviventris kalaharica","(Roberts, 1932)","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15, pt.1 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southern South Sudan and central and southeastern Angola southward to northeastern Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, and northern South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B8D30F9",null,null,"Tsotsoronga pan, northeastern Bechuanaland.","Preliminary description of sixty-six new forms of South African Birds.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_615","Emberiza flaviventris kalaharica"],["30770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria flaviventris princeps","(Clancey & Winterbottom, 1960)","Durban Museum Novitates 6, no.1 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and northwestern Namibia to southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC3A2038",null,null,"Farm Hoffnung, ca. 7,000 ft., in mountains 10 miles east of Windhoek, Damaraland, South West Africa.","Geographical variation in the South African populations of the Golden-breasted Bunting Emberiza flaviventris Stephens.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0012723X_1438","Emberiza flaviventris princeps"],["30771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria flaviventris flaviventris","(Stephens, 1815)","General Zoology, or systematic natural history 9, pt2 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0697F016",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope and Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123876#page/212/mode/1up","Emberiza flaviventris"],["30772","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria poliopleura","Salvadori, 1888","Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ser.2, no.26 p.269","Somali Bunting","Somali Bunting","Somali Bunting",null,null,"foothill to submontane arid acacia scrub and thornscrub from southeastern South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia southward to northeastern Tanzania",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720977","sombun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sombun1","avibase-72386016",null,null,"Sodde, Shoa, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94501#page/275/mode/1up","Fringillaria poliopleura"],["30773","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria affinis","(Heuglin, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.89 p.297","Brown-rumped Bunting","Brown-rumped Bunting","Brown-rumped Bunting",null,null,"mesic woodland of Sahel zone and northeastern Africa, from Senegal, far southern Mauritania to northern Guinea and eastward to western and southern Ethiopia, northern Uganda, and western Kenya",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720982","brrbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brrbun1","avibase-BB11EE7F",null,null,"no locality ; Sennar, eastern Sudan, designated by Heuglin, 1868, Journ. f. Ornith., 16, p. 76, but probably erroneous; Dar Bertat region, between Blue Nile and Sobat River, western Ethiopia, substituted by Bannerman and Bates, 1926, Ibis, p. 800.","Ueber die ornithologischen Arbeiten des Herzogs Paul Wilhelm von Würtemberg, während seiner Reise in die oberen Nil-Länder.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/309/mode/1up","Emberiza affinis"],["30774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria affinis nigeriae","(Bannerman & Bates, 1926)","Ibis ser.12, vol.2, no.4 p.801",null,null,null,null,null,"Gambia to Nigeria and northern Cameroon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2549C0E",null,null,"15 miles northeast of Yola, 1,000 ft., northern Nigeria.","On some Birds of Adamawa and New Cameroon : an Answer to some Criticisms and Remarks on New Forms recently described by Dr. Hermann Grote.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1926.tb05636.x","Emberiza affinis nigeriae"],["30775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria affinis vulpecula","(Grote, 1921)","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.5 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Cameroon, southern Chad, and adjacent northern Central African Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A89CBB6B",null,null,"Bozoum, Ouham-Pende, Central African Republic.","Neue Vogelformen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/51/mode/1up","Emberiza affinis vulpecula"],["30776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria affinis affinis","(Heuglin, 1867)","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.89 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"South Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda and northwestern Kenya; population in southeastern Sudan and northwestern Ethiopia presumably also this subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-765D6F91",null,null,"no locality ; Sennar, eastern Sudan, designated by Heuglin, 1868, Journ. f. Ornith., 16, p. 76, but probably erroneous; Dar Bertat region, between Blue Nile and Sobat River, western Ethiopia, substituted by Bannerman and Bates, 1926, Ibis, p. 800.","Ueber die ornithologischen Arbeiten des Herzogs Paul Wilhelm von Würtemberg, während seiner Reise in die oberen Nil-Länder.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/309/mode/1up","Emberiza affinis"],["30777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria affinis omoensis","(Neumann, 1905)","Journal für Ornithologie 53, no.2 p.358",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Ethiopia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7CCA9A4",null,null,"Schetie, Kosha, Ethiopia. [Specimens not examined.]","Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien (Forsetzung von S. 184-243).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107488#page/410/mode/1up","Emberiza affinis omoensis"],["30778","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.310","Cape Bunting","Cape Bunting","Cape Bunting","2025-0554","Taxon <em>vincenti </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Emberiza capensis</em> based on minor plumage differences forming a stepped cline and absence of vocal differentiation.","open rocky shrubland of southern Africa: southwestern Angola eastward to western Mozambique, southward through southern South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720944","capbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capbun1","avibase-DE27F1FA",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/314/mode/1up","Emberiza capensis"],["30779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis nebularum","Rudebeck, 1958","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 78 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E58E68C",null,null,"Lucira, Mossamedes [=Moçâmedes], western Angola.","A New Race of the Bunting Fringillaria capensis (L.) from Angola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125530#page/171/mode/1up","Fringillaria capensis nebularum"],["30780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis bradfieldi","Roberts, 1928","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 12, pt.4 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Namibia (Kaokoveld and highlands of Damaraland)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3D4206B",null,null,"Waterberg Police Post, Damaraland, South West Africa.","Birds and mammals from South-west Africa collected by Mr. R. D. Bradfield and presented to the Transvaal Museum, with taxonomic notes and descriptions of new forms.",null,"Fringillaria capensis bradfieldi"],["30781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis smithersii","Plowes, 1951","Ostrich 22 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains on eastern Zimbabwe/Mozambique border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93A80EE3",null,null,"Martin Forest Reserve, Chimanimani Mountains, border between Rhodesia and Mozambique.","A new race of Cape Bunting, from Mashonaland.",null,"Fringillaria capensis smithersii"],["30782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis plowesi","Vincent, 1950","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 70 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"plateau of southern Zimbabwe and adjacent northeastern Botswana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-139BA4E0",null,null,"Matopos Research Station, ca. 4,600 ft., near Bulawayo, Rhodesia.","New races of the Cape Bunting from Southern Rhodesia and Basutoland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125665#page/35/mode/1up","Fringillaria capensis plowesi"],["30783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis limpopoensis","Roberts, 1924","Annals of the Transvaal Museum 10, pt.3 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Botswana and adjacent South Africa (North West and Limpopo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D61B2428",null,null,"'Transvaal northwards; type from Pretoria, fide Clancey, 1966, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 615.","Synoptic Check-List of the Birds of South Africa.","https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_732","Fringillaria capensis limpopoensis"],["30784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis reidi","Shelley, 1902","Birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian Region 3 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern South Africa (eastern Free State to central KwaZulu-Natal), northern Lesotho, and western Eswatini",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E8753B2",null,null,"Ingagane River, near Newcastle, Natal.",null,null,"Fringillaria reidi"],["30785","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis basutoensis","Vincent, 1950","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 70 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Lesotho to western KwaZulu-Natal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57013079",null,null,"source of Lekhalabaletsi River, 9,600 ft., lat. 29°18'S., long. 29°25'E., eastern Basutoland.","New races of the Cape Bunting from Southern Rhodesia and Basutoland.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125665#page/34/mode/1up","Fringillaria capensis basutoensis"],["30786","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis cinnamomea","(Lichtenstein, 1842)","Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Säugethieren und Vögeln aus dem Kaffernlande (etc.) p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"central South Africa (southern Northern Cape and Eastern Cape to western Free State)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47595AAF",null,null,"South Africa. Type from Likwa [=Vaal] River, southwestern Transvaal, vide Stresemann, 1954, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ser. 4, 1, p. 81.",null,null,"Fringilla cinnamomea"],["30787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis vinacea","(Clancey, 1963)","Durban Museum Novitates 6 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Cape Province (Kaap Plateau and northern Asbestos Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8353C36",null,null,"Kaap Plateau, near Kuruman, northern Cape Province.","Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds 20. 3. Notes, mainly systematic, on some birds from the Cape Province.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/156/mode/1up","Emberiza capensis vinacea"],["30788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis capensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"Namibia to southwestern and western Cape Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04CC16B9",null,null,"Cape of Good Hope.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/314/mode/1up","Emberiza capensis"],["30789","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria capensis vincenti","Lowe, 1932","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52, no.361 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"central Malawi to adjacent northern Mozambique and eastern Zambia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2521D3C",null,null,"Zobrue [=Zóbue, Moatize District, Tete Province], Mozambique.","Description of a new race of the Cape Bunting.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125307#page/180/mode/1up","Fringillaria capensis vincenti"],["30790","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria impetuani","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.48","Lark-like Bunting","Lark-like Bunting","Lark-like Bunting",null,null,"southwestern African succulent and grassy Karoo: coastal central Angola to Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and western and central South Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720931","lalbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lalbun1","avibase-6D102D72",null,null,"'country between Nu. Gariep and Tropic'; restricted to eastern Bechuanaland by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Ornith. Western S. Africa, p. 169.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/128/mode/1up","Emberiza impetuani"],["30791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria impetuani impetuani","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"northern South Africa to western Botswana and southwestern Zimbabwe",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7555DC1",null,null,"'country between Nu. Gariep and Tropic'; restricted to eastern Bechuanaland by Macdonald, 1957, Contrib. Ornith. Western S. Africa, p. 169.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/128/mode/1up","Emberiza impetuani"],["30792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria impetuani sloggetti","(Macdonald, 1957)","Contribution to the ornithology of western South Africa: results of the British Museum (Natural History) South West Africa Expedition, 1949-50 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"western South Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E050389",null,null,"Deelfontein, Cape Province.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229304#page/186/mode/1up","Fringilla impetuani sloggetti"],["30793","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria socotrana","Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899","Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums 2, no.1 p.2","Socotra Bunting","Socotra Bunting","Socotra Bunting",null,null,"densely vegetated rocky slopes of montane Socotra; winters to lower elevations",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720940","socbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/socbun1","avibase-3C33A7C5",null,null,"Adho Dimellus, 4,000 ft., Socotra.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45992#page/190/mode/1up","Fringillaria socotrana"],["30794","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria sahari","(Levaillant, 1850)","Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. Atlas Hist.Nat.Ois. Atlas pl.9,bis fig. 2","House Bunting","House Bunting","House Bunting",null,null,"lowland to montane vegetated rocky hillsides, desert wadis, scrub, cultivation, and villages and towns, from Morocco eastward to northwestern Libya, and southward patchily to Mauritania, Mali, Niger, and Chad, has bred in southern Spain; post-breeding dispersal northward and southward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734808","houbun3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houbun3","avibase-C7C1A6EB",null,null,"near Ghelma, between Ghardai'a and Ouargla, southern Algeria (reference not verified).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175182#page/487/mode/1up","Emberiza sahari"],["30795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria sahari sanghae","(Traylor, 1960)","Natural History Miscellanea no.175 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Mauritania and northern Senegal eastward to eastern Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64C236B2",null,null,"Sangha, lat. 14° 21' N., long. 3° 1r W., near Bandiagara, Mopti, southern Mali.","A new race of Emberiza striolata.",null,"Emberiza striolata sanghae"],["30796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria sahari sahari","(Levaillant, 1850)","Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. Atlas Hist.Nat.Ois. Atlas pl.9,bis fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Morocco eastward to northwestern Libya and northern Chad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41B948FD",null,null,"near Ghelma, between Ghardai'a and Ouargla, southern Algeria (reference not verified).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175182#page/487/mode/1up","Emberiza sahari"],["30797","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria striolata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24","Striolated Bunting","Striolated Bunting","Striolated Bunting",null,null,"rocky scrublands of subtropical northeastern Africa to southwestern Asia: patchily in northeastern Chad and eastern Egypt to northeastern Somalia and southward to northwestern Kenya; Sinai Peninsula, Israel, and western Jordan, Arabian Peninsula, southern Iran, northeastern Afghanistan to far western India; winters to fields of west-central India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735007","houbun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/houbun2","avibase-CDF4A106",null,null,"Ambukol, Nubia, Berber, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla striolata"],["30798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria striolata saturatior","Sharpe, 1901","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, and northwestern Kenya",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-593C86B3",null,null,"Lake Stefanie (Chew Bahir), Ethiopia. [Specimens not examined.]","Sylviella gaikwari, n. sp. and Fringillaria saturatior, n. sp..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/205/mode/1up","Fringillaria saturatior"],["30799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria striolata jebelmarrae","Lynes, 1920","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of west-central Sudan (Jebel Marra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5C786F0",null,null,"Jebel Marra [=Jabal Marrah], 7,100 ft., Darfur, Sudan. [Specimens not examined.]","Exhibition and descriptions of two new subspecies from Darfur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100930#page/64/mode/1up","Fringillaria striolata jebelmarrae"],["30800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria striolata striolata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Africa to Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan, and central India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD3E0088",null,null,"Ambukol, Nubia, Berber, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/44/mode/1up","Fringilla striolata"],["30801","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria goslingi","Alexander, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.124","Gosling's Bunting","Gosling's Bunting",null,"2025-0576","Taxon <em>septemstriata </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Emberiza tahapisi,</em> although its status as a valid taxon remains unresolved. The single specimen included in the genetic study of Olsson et al. (2013b) had the plumage of <em>tahapisi </em>but the mitochondrial DNA of <em>E. goslingi</em>; further research needed.","foothill to submontane arid scrub, mesic woodland, lightly wooded savanna, bare or sandy ground, short grassland, and degraded pasture, from Mauritania and Senegambia eastward to eastern Sudan and northeastern South Sudan, and southward to Cameroon and Central African Republic; partial migrant with rains, and nomadic wandering",null,null,null,"gosbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gosbun1","avibase-17E7F90B",null,null,"Mbima, northern Nigeria; not on Uelle River as stated in original description, vide Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 619.","On three new species collected during his expedition, between Lake Chad and the Nile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/150/mode/1up","Fringillaria goslingi"],["30802","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria tahapisi","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.48","Cinnamon-breasted Bunting","Cinnamon-breasted Bunting",null,"2025-0576","Taxon <em>septemstriata </em>is treated as conspecific with <em>Emberiza tahapisi,</em> although its status as a valid taxon remains unresolved. The single specimen included in the genetic study of Olsson et al. (2013b) had the plumage of <em>tahapisi </em>but the mitochondrial DNA of <em>E. goslingi</em>; further research needed.","rocky hillsides of subtropical to tropical northeastern to southern Africa: Gabon eastward to northeastern Somalia and Socotra, and southern Arabian Peninsula southward through South Africa",null,null,null,"cibbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibbun1","avibase-0C571D99",null,null,"country towards the sources of the Vaal River,' southeastern Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/128/mode/1up","Emberiza tahapisi"],["30803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria tahapisi arabica","Lorenz von Liburnau & Hellmayr, 1902","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 10 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arabia (Asir to Hadhramaut)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FF4371C",null,null,"Jeshbum, southern Arabia.","Fringillaria arabica sp. nov..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101397#page/75/mode/1up","Fringillaria arabica"],["30804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria tahapisi septemstriata","(Rüppell, 1837)","Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Vögel p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sudan, northeastern South Sudan, Eritrea, and northwestern Ethiopia; possibly a hybrid swarm between nominate tahapisi and Gosling's Bunting Emberiza goslingi",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2DDD50B",null,null,"Gondar, Begemdir, Ethiopia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114234#page/166/mode/1up","Emberiza septemstriata"],["30805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria tahapisi tahapisi","(Smith, 1836)","Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope (etc.) p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"central, southern Ethiopia to southeastern South Africa, also southern Gabon, Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Socotra Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-792836BE",null,null,"country towards the sources of the Vaal River,' southeastern Transvaal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64243#page/128/mode/1up","Emberiza tahapisi"],["30806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Fringillaria tahapisi nivenorum","(Winterbottom, 1965)","Cimbebasia no.9 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"western Namibia and (presumably) adjacent southwestern Angola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D78C6CA",null,null,"Otjivasandu, southern Kaokoveld, northwestern South West Africa. [Specimens not examined.]","Results of the Percy Fitzpatrick Institute - Windhoek State Museum Joint Ornithological Expeditions : Report on the birds of game reserve No. 2.",null,"Emberiza tahapisi nivenorum"],["30807","genus","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus","Forster, 1817","A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.51",null,null,null,"2026-071","Emberiza is split into four polytypic genera mostly based on the genetic data of Cai et al. (2021): <em>Emberiza</em>, <em>Fringillaria</em>, <em>Schoeniclus</em>, and <em>Melophus</em>. The four-genus arrangement is well supported based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data except for the placement of the African taxon <em>E. affinis</em>, which is unstable (Cai et al. 2021) and is here placed in <em>Fringillaria</em> based on biogeography and morphology. Further research may determine that additional genus splits and/or re-arrangements are warranted.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Emberiza arundinacea [S.G. Gmelin, 1774]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Fringilla schoeniclus Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47775#page/63/mode/1up","Schoeniclus"],["30808","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus siemsseni","(Martens, 1906)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 14 p.192","Slaty Bunting","Slaty Bunting","Slaty Bunting",null,null,"mountains of central China (southern Shaanxi, southeastern Gansu, and northeastern Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720875","slabun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slabun1","avibase-F87D05C8",null,null,"Min River region, near Foochow, Fukien, China.","Eine neue Ammerart aus Südost China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35529#page/208/mode/1up","Junco siemsseni"],["30809","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus elegans","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.3 pl.583 fig.1","Yellow-throated Bunting","Yellow-throated Bunting","Yellow-throated Bunting",null,null,"temperate eastern Asia forest edge, from Amurland, southern Khabarovsk, and Ussuriland (southeastern Russia), Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang (northeastern China) to Korean Peninsula, Oki, and Tsushima (central Japan); disjunctly Gansu to Shaanxi and southward to Yunnan and Hunan (southwestern to southeastern China); winters temperate to subtropical far eastern Asian woodland and open areas from Korean Peninsula, Honshu to Ryukyu Islands (central to southern Japan), southeastern China, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720963","yetbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetbun1","avibase-82D1EE00",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/397/mode/1up","Emberiza elegans"],["30810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus elegans elegans","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.3 pl.583 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern China and eastern Amurland through Korean Peninsula and locally Oki and Tsushima (west-central Japan); winters northeastern China and southern Japan to Shandong (eastern China)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD76999A",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/397/mode/1up","Emberiza elegans"],["30811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus elegans elegantulus","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.1 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"central China (southern Gansu and southern Shaanxi southward to Yunnan, Guizhou, and Hunan); winter records southward to northeastern Myanmar, where status uncertain; form breeding in eastern China northward to Shandong uncertain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-303821F5",null,null,"near Kweichow [= Tzukuei] , on the Yangtze River, western Hupeh.","Descriptions of seven new Species of Birds procured during a cruise up the River Yangtsze (China).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/178/mode/1up","Emberiza elegantula"],["30812","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus yessoensis","(Swinhoe, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.14 p.161","Ochre-rumped Bunting","Ochre-rumped Bunting","Ochre-rumped Bunting",null,null,"far east-central Palearctic marshes, patchily in far eastern Mongolia, Heilongjiang (northeastern China), far southeastern Ussuriland (southeastern Russia), and Honshu to Kyushu (central to southern Japan); winters central Honshu to Kyushu (central and southern Japan), Korean Peninsula, and coastal east-central China",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721016","ocrbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocrbun1","avibase-D8A797E4",null,null,"Hakodadi, Yesso, Japan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/197/mode/1up","Schoenicola yessoënsis"],["30813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus yessoensis yessoensis","(Swinhoe, 1874)","Ibis ser.3, vol.4, no.14 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Japan (northern and central Honshu and Kyushu); winters in southern Japan and Korean Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6992BE5F",null,null,"Hakodadi, Yesso, Japan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258463#page/197/mode/1up","Schoenicola yessoënsis"],["30814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus yessoensis continentalis","(Witherby, 1913)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 31 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Mongolia, northeastern China (Heilongjiang), and southern Russian Far East (Ussuriland); winters in coastal eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D465F682",null,null,"Yashwanen, near Nanking [= Nanching] , Kiangsu, China.","Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of Bunting from Nanking, China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177775#page/100/mode/1up","Emberiza yessoënsis continentalis"],["30815","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus pallasi","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.130","Pallas's Reed Bunting","Pallas's Bunting",null,"2025-0575","Taxon <em>minor </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Emberiza pallasi</em> based on consideration of morphology, and suggestions that song, behaviour, and ecology also align it with <em>pallasi </em>(Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018). Further research desirable.","low Arctic to north temperate central and eastern Palearctic tundra to tussock grass, from northern Yamalia (northeastern European Russia) to southern Chukotka (northeastern Russia), southward to Sea of Okhotsk and northern Kamchatka; disjunctly in far northeastern Kazakhstan, Altay (south-central Russia) eastward to western Amurland, in south through northern and central Mongolia and Inner Mongolia; winters temperate eastern Asian fields to southern Ussuriland, Korean Peninsula, and central and eastern China",null,null,null,"palbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palbun","avibase-C6D6D547",null,null,"near Selenga River, Transbaikalia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/146/mode/1up","Cynchramus pallasi"],["30816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus pallasi pallasi","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in alpine zone of Altai and Sayan mountains eastward to Transbaikalia and western Amurland (south of Tukuringra Mountains) and southward to northern Mongolia and possibly northeastern China (Inner Mongolia and northern Heilongjiang), perhaps also disjunctly in eastern Tian Shan; winters in western and northern China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E156379C",null,null,"near Selenga River, Transbaikalia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/146/mode/1up","Cynchramus pallasi"],["30817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus pallasi minor","(Middendorff, 1853)","Reise in den äuβersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt 2 pt2 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Transbaikalia eastward to Russian Far East and northeastern China (Heilongjiang); winters in eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07D00A2E",null,null,"Stanovoi Range to Udskoe Ostrog, vicinity of southeastern Siberia. [Specimens not examined.]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114021#page/154/mode/1up","Emberiza schoeniclus minor"],["30818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus pallasi polaris","(Middendorff, 1853)","Reise in den äuβersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt 2 pt2 p.146 pl.13 fig.1-3,8",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern European Russia eastward in Siberia (southward to basins of Angara, Lena, and Aldan rivers) to Chukotskiy Peninsula, Sea of Okhotsk coast, and northern Kamchatka; winters in northeastern and eastern China, far southeastern Russia (southern Ussuriland), and Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFE548F8",null,null,"Boganida, lat. 71° N., southern Taymyr Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk.",null,null,"Emberiza polaris"],["30819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus pallasi lydiae","(Portenko, 1929)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes 29[\"1928\"] p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in grassy lowland lakesides in southern Siberia (Tuva and southern Transbaikalia) through northern, central, and eastern Mongolia, probably to adjacent northeastern China (northeastern Inner Mongolia); non-breeding probably in northern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F8CC720",null,null,"Orok Nor, Mongolia.","Relations réciproques entre les formes du Bruant des roseaux (Emberiza schoenicla) et du Bruant polaire (E. pallasi).",null,"Emberiza pallasi lydiae"],["30820","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182","Common Reed Bunting","Reed Bunting",null,"2025-0575","Taxon <em>minor </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Emberiza pallasi</em> based on consideration of morphology, and suggestions that song, behaviour, and ecology also align it with <em>pallasi </em>(Shirihai &amp; Svensson 2018). Further research desirable.","subarctic to temperate Palearctic marshes, from British Isles, Scandinavia, and northwestern Russia through Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin (eastern Russia); in south through Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Morocco, eastward through Mediterranean, Türkiye, Caucasus, northern and south-central Iran, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan to northern Xinjiang (northwestern China), western Mongolia, northeastern China, and Hokkaido and northern Honshu (northern Japan); in winter makes short-range southward movements to wider habitat range",null,null,null,"reebun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reebun","avibase-C0B97874",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fanua, p. 194.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla schoeniclus"],["30821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus lusitanicus","(Steinbacher, 1930)","Journal für Ornithologie 78, no.4 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"Portugal and northwestern Spain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-823B519F",null,null,"Vila Franca, Tagus River, above Lisbon, Portugal.","Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Rohrammern Emberiza schoeniclus (L.).","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01953149","Emberiza schoeniclus lusitanica"],["30822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus schoeniclus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Isles and northwestern Europe to central Russia; winters to North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2E813F5",null,null,"Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fanua, p. 194.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla schoeniclus"],["30823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus passerinus","(Pallas, 1771)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 1 p.456",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Siberia from lower Ob River eastward to lower Yenisey and Khatanga rivers (in Taymyr); winters sparingly to northernmost India and western China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-072EB6DE",null,null,"'ad Jaicum automno' [= Ural basin, fide Vaurie, 1959, Bird Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 700].",null,null,"Emberiza passerina"],["30824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus parvirostris","(Buturlin, 1910)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 1, no.4 p.262",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Siberia and northern Mongolia; winters to northern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1014128F",null,null,"middle Lena, about lat. 60° N. ; and the Yenisei, beyond lat. 64° N. ; restricted to Olekminsk by Buturlin, 1934, Sbornik Trudov Gosud. Zool. Muz. [Moscow], 1, p. 100. [Reference not verified.]","Maloklyuvaya kamishevaya ovsyanka.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/419/mode/1up","Emberiza schoeniclus parvirostris"],["30825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus pyrrhulinus","Swinhoe, 1876","Ibis ser.3, vol.6 p.333 pl.8 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Transbaikalia to Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and northern Honshu",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DC76D02",null,null,"Hokodadi [= Hakodate], Hokkaido.","On the Contents of a third Box of Birds from Hakodadi, in Northern Japan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269437#page/355/mode/1up","Schoeniclus pyrrhulinus"],["30826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus pallidior","(Hartert, 1904)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"southwesern Siberia (in basins of Tobol and Irtysh rivers) eastward to Lake Baikal; winters in southwestern and south-central Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7AC9ED4",null,null,"Aiderli, Turkestan [= apparently near Dzharkent (= Panfilov) , Kazakhstan, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 701].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/265/mode/1up","Emberiza schoeniclus pallidior"],["30827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus stresemanni","(Steinbacher, 1930)","Journal für Ornithologie 78, no.4 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Austria, Hungary, northern Serbia, and northwestern Romania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EC11115",null,null,"Overbasz, northern Yugoslavia.","Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Rohrammern Emberiza schoeniclus (L.).","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01953149","Emberiza schoeniclus stresemanni"],["30828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus ukrainae","(Zarudny, 1917)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 8, no.1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Russia to northern Ukraine and Volga River; winters to Caucasus",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58667D94",null,null,"Poltava and Kharkov, Ukraine. [Specimens not examined.]","The representatives of the genus Cynchramus in the Russian Turkestan.",null,"Cynchramus schoeniclus ukrainae"],["30829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus incognitus","(Zarudny, 1917)","Ornitologicheskii Vestnik 8, no.1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Russia east of Volga to southern Urals and northern Kazakhstan; winters to northwestern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21C7643E",null,null,"Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, and Turgai, Kirghiz steppes.","The representatives of the genus Cynchramus in the Russian Turkestan.",null,"Cynchramus schoeniclus incognitus"],["30830","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus witherbyi","(Jordans, 1923)","Falco unregelmässig im Anschluss an das Werk \"Berajah, Zoographia infinita\" erscheinende Zeitschrift 19 Sonderheft p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Portugal, coastal eastern Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Mediterranean coast of France, Sardinia, and northwestern Morocco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EA5119D",null,null,"Albufera, Mallorca.","Neue Vogelrassen von den Balearen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55158#page/370/mode/1up","Emberiza tschusii witherbyi"],["30831","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus intermedius","(Degland, 1849)","Ornithologie européenne, ou Catalogue analytique et raisonné des oiseaux observés en Europe 1 p.264",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy (including Sicily) eastward to northwestern Albania",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93BD5299",null,null,"Dalmatia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50448#page/280/mode/1up","Emberiza intermedia"],["30832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus tschusii","(Reiser & Almásy, 1898)","Aquila 5 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Bulgaria and Romania eastward to the Sea of Azov",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A2CF8A1",null,null,"Dunavat, Dobrogea, Rumania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81349#page/140/mode/1up","Emberiza schoeniclus tschusii"],["30833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus reiseri","(Hartert, 1904)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Greece, Albania, Macedonia, and western and central Türkiye",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E39E639",null,null,"Lamia, Thessaly, Greece.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/267/mode/1up","Emberiza pyrrhuloides reiseri"],["30834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus caspius","(Ménétries, 1832)","Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Türkiye eastward to eastern Transcaucasia and northern and northwestern Iran; possibly also in Syria",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DD7A53B",null,null,"near Bechebermak [mountain near Baku; Azerbaijan], farther from the Caspian in July. [Reference not verified.]",null,null,"Emberiza caspia"],["30835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus korejewi","(Zarudny, 1907)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Turkmenistan and southwestern and eastern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-494F56F7",null,null,"Seistan and Persian Baluchistan.","Eine Bemerkung über 2 Formen aus dem paläarktischen Gebiet.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101411#page/101/mode/1up","Cynchramus pyrrhuloides korejewi"],["30836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus pyrrhuloides","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Caspian Sea region eastward to southeastern Kazakhstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4C6B2B7",null,null,"'in australibus ad Volgam et Rhymnum, versus mare caspium . . . ;' restricted to Astrakhan by Vaurie, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1795, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92517#page/65/mode/1up","Emberiza pyrrhuloides"],["30837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus harterti","(Sushkin, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Russia (southern Tuva), far eastern Kazakhstan, northwestern China (Xinjiang), and western and central Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C600BD30",null,null,"Zaisan Nor and Kara Irtysh, northeastern Kazakhstan.","On new species from Tarbagatai Range and Zaissan-noor.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/82/mode/1up","Emberiza pyrrhuloides harterti"],["30838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus centralasiae","(Hartert, 1904)","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Tarim Basin eastward to Lop Nur, Xinjiang)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBDE91F7",null,null,"Maralbashi southwestern Sinkiang.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/267/mode/1up","Emberiza pyrrhuloides centralasiae"],["30839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus schoeniclus zaidamensis","(Portenko, 1929)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes 29[\"1928\"] p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"western China (Qaidam Basin in northern Qinghai)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F7CE413",null,null,"Kurlik [= Idirtu, ca. lat. 37°20' N., long. 96°40' E., fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 703], Tsaidam, northern Tsinghai. [Specimens not examined.]","Relations réciproques entre les formes du Bruant des roseaux (Emberiza schoenicla) et du Bruant polaire (E. pallasi).",null,"Emberiza schoeniclus zaidamensis"],["30840","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus chrysophrys","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697","Yellow-browed Bunting","Yellow-browed Bunting","Yellow-browed Bunting",null,null,"breeds taiga of Siberia from Irkutsk, Nizhnyaya Tunguska River and Bratsk eastward to Vilyuy River and Yakutsk, southward to Chamar Daban range (south of Lake Baikal), and Stanovoy Mountains; winters in central and southeastern China, western Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720957","yebbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbun1","avibase-4A50E265",null,null,"Daurian Range, southern Chita, southeastern Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza chrysophrys"],["30841","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus tristrami","(Swinhoe, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.441","Tristram's Bunting","Tristram's Bunting","Tristram's Bunting",null,null,"breeds northeastern China (from Lesser Khingan Mountains and Zeja River, in Heilongjiang) eastward to southeastern Russian Far East (Amurland and Ussuri regions, including Sikhote Alin Mountains), and North Korea; winters in southeastern China (southeastern Yunnan eastward to Fujian, also Hunan and eastern Sichuan); rare winter visitor also far northeastern India, northern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam (Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720948","tribun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tribun1","avibase-A81C4DA6",null,null,"Amoy [= Hsiamen] , Fukien, China.","Zoological Notes of a Journey from Canton to Peking and Kalgan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/529/mode/1up","Emberiza tristrami"],["30842","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus variabilis","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.3 pl.583 fig.2","Grey Bunting","Gray Bunting","Grey Bunting",null,null,"breeds temperate forest of southern Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and Japan southward to central Honshu; winters to woodland and parks of central Honshu southward to Ryukyu Islands, a few reaching Jeju-Do Island (southern South Korea) and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721003","grybun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grybun","avibase-DB4D5342",null,null,"northern Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/398/mode/1up","Emberiza variabilis"],["30843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus variabilis variabilis","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.3 pl.583 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sakhalin and Kuril Islands southward to Shikoku (central Japan); winters to southern Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66421C62",null,null,"northern Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/398/mode/1up","Emberiza variabilis"],["30844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus variabilis musicus","(Kittlitz, 1858)","Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka 2 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern Kamchatka Peninsula; winters Japan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-406CBE4A",null,null,"Petropaulski, Kamtschatka",null,null,"Zonotrichia musica"],["30845","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus rutilus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.698","Chestnut Bunting","Chestnut Bunting","Chestnut Bunting",null,null,"breeds open forest of south-central Russia and north-central Mongolia eastward to southern Sea of Okhotsk and Ussuriland and northeastern China; winters from Nagaland and Mizoram (northeastern India) eastward through southern China and southward to central Indochina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720969","chebun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chebun1","avibase-ACDCF3CC",null,null,"Onon River and toward the Mongolian border.",null,null,"Emberiza rutila"],["30846","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus aureolus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.711","Yellow-breasted Bunting","Yellow-breasted Bunting","Yellow-breasted Bunting",null,null,"subarctic to northern temperate Palearctic bushy areas, from Murmansk (far northwestern Russia; formerly from eastern Finland) eastward to southern Chukotka, Kamchatka, Kuril, and Commander islands, Sakhalin (eastern Russia); in south to far northern Kazakhstan, far northern Xinjiang (northwestern China), northern and central Mongolia, northern Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang (northeastern China), and far northern Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters subtropical eastern Asian fields of sub-Himalayan zone from central Nepal eastward through southeastern Asia (except southern Malayan Peninsula) and southeastern China; has declined dramatically",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720966","yebbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbun","avibase-7574C0E5",null,null,"Irtysh River, south-central Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza aureola"],["30847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus aureolus aureolus","(Pallas, 1773)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.711",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Murmansk (far northwestern Russia; formerly eastern Finland) eastward to eastern Siberia and southward to far northern Kazakhstan and central Mongolia; winters southern and southeastern Asia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB3AD059",null,null,"Irtysh River, south-central Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza aureola"],["30848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus aureolus ornatus","(Shulpin, 1928)","Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Sovietiques Socialistes 28 livr.3 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Siberia and northeastern Mongolia, northeastern China, and far northern Hokkaido (northern Japan); winters southern and southeastern Asia and southern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30A2F4BE",null,null,"mouth of Suifun River, near Tavritchanka, north of Vladivostok, Maritime Territory.","Données nouvelles concernant la distribution géographique des oiseaux dans la région d'Oussouri du Sud et la description de quelques sous-espèces nouvelles.",null,"Emberiza aureola ornata"],["30849","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus pusillus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697","Little Bunting","Little Bunting","Little Bunting",null,null,"breeds tundra and taiga of northern Eurasia from Scandinavia eastward to Chukotka, and southward to northeastern China; winters from east-central India to eastern China and Korean Peninsula and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720954","litbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/litbun","avibase-1866F80E",null,null,"Daurian Range, southern Chita, southeastern Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza pusilla"],["30850","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus rusticus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.698","Rustic Bunting","Rustic Bunting","Rustic Bunting",null,null,"breeds swamp forest of northern Palearctic from Scandinavia eastward to Kamchatka and Sakhalin; winters to eastern China, southern Japan, Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720960","rusbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusbun","avibase-DA9746CE",null,null,"Dauria [= Transbaikalia] .",null,null,"Emberiza rustica"],["30851","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus sulphuratus","(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)","Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.100, pl.60","Yellow Bunting","Yellow Bunting","Yellow Bunting",null,null,"breeds in montane forest edge of northern and central Honshu (central Japan); winters to southeastern China, Taiwan and (mainly) northern Philippines",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720996","yelbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelbun1","avibase-AB73D3C9",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223586#page/110/mode/1up","Emberiza sulphurata"],["30852","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus personatus","(Temminck, 1836)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.98, vol.3 pl.580","Masked Bunting","Masked Bunting","Masked Bunting","2025-0553","Taxon <em>personata </em>(monotypic) is split from <em>Emberiza spodocephala</em> (polytypic) based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Weißensteiner 2013; Päckert et al. 2015) in combination with diagnostic plumage differences in males (Byers et al. 1995). Analysis of vocalizations would be informative.","breeds woodland edge, Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands to Honshu and Shikoku; winters Honshu to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), some reaching South Korea, east-central Chinese coast, and Taiwan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103768261","bkfbun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfbun2","avibase-BB80BD82",null,null,"northern Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/393/mode/1up","Emberiza personata"],["30853","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus spodocephalus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.698","Black-faced Bunting","Black-faced Bunting","Black-faced Bunting","2025-0553","Taxon <em>personata </em>(monotypic) is split from <em>Emberiza spodocephala</em> (polytypic) based on mitochondrial DNA divergence (Weißensteiner 2013; Päckert et al. 2015) in combination with diagnostic plumage differences in males (Byers et al. 1995). Analysis of vocalizations would be informative.","temperate north-central, northeastern, and central Palearctic, in shrubby areas in woodland, from south-central Russia and northern Mongolia eastward to Sea of Okhotsk and northern Sakhalin (southeastern Russia) and southward to northeastern Inner Mongolia, northern Heilongjiang (northeastern China) and northern and central Korean Peninsula; disjunctly Qinghai and Shaanxi southward to Yunnan and Guizhou (central China); winters in subtropical eastern Asian disturbed areas and wetlands from central Nepal through northeastern Himalayas, northern southeastern Asia, southern and eastern China, Taiwan, and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103768039","bkfbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfbun1","avibase-9787BE57",null,null,"Daurian Range, southern Chita, southeastern Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza spodocephala"],["30854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus spodocephalus spodocephalus","(Pallas, 1776)","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.698",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Russia and northern Mongolia eastward to Sea of Okhotsk and northern Sakhalin, and southward to northeastern China and Korean Peninsula; winters to southern and eastern China, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBBAB575",null,null,"Daurian Range, southern Chita, southeastern Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza spodocephala"],["30855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Schoeniclus spodocephalus sordidus","(Blyth, 1845)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.958",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Qinghai and Shaanxi southward to Yunnan and Guizhou (central China); winters central Nepal to northern Indochina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF3F9047",null,null,"Nepal.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/506/mode/1up","Emberiza sordida"],["30856","genus","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Melophus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.250",null,null,null,"2026-071","Emberiza is split into four polytypic genera mostly based on the genetic data of Cai et al. (2021): <em>Emberiza</em>, <em>Fringillaria</em>, <em>Schoeniclus</em>, and <em>Melophus</em>. The four-genus arrangement is well supported based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data except for the placement of the African taxon <em>E. affinis</em>, which is unstable (Cai et al. 2021) and is here placed in <em>Fringillaria</em> based on biogeography and morphology. Further research may determine that additional genus splits and/or re-arrangements are warranted.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Emberiza erythropterus [Jardine & Selby, 1833]; type by monotypy = Emberiza lathami J.E. Gray, 1831",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/274/mode/1up","Melophus"],["30857","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Melophus lathami","(Gray, 1831)","The zoological miscellany 1 p.2","Crested Bunting","Crested Bunting","Crested Bunting",null,null,"northern Pakistan to southeastern Tibet, southern China, Laos, and northern Vietnam (Tonkin)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720872","crebun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebun1","avibase-2A4F0DB3",null,null,"China and India; type from Canton, Kwangtung, fide Ticehurst, 1932, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 53, p. 16.","I. Description of twelve undescribed species of Birds, discovered by John Reeves, Esq., in China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198027#page/14/mode/1up","Emberiza lathami"],["30858","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Melophus melanocephalus","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.142","Black-headed Bunting","Black-headed Bunting","Black-headed Bunting",null,null,"breeds south-central Eurasia; winters to India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720990","blhbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhbun1","avibase-E2D2CB88",null,null,"Carniola, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/146/mode/1up","Emberiza melanocephala"],["30859","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Melophus bruniceps","(Brandt, 1841)","Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 9. no.1 p.12","Red-headed Bunting","Red-headed Bunting","Red-headed Bunting",null,null,"breeds south-central Eurasia; winters in Indian subcontinent",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720993","rehbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehbun1","avibase-DBF8D184",null,null,"Turkmenia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151958#page/22/mode/1up","Emberiza bruniceps"],["30860","genus","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.177",null,null,null,"2026-071","Emberiza is split into four polytypic genera mostly based on the genetic data of Cai et al. (2021): <em>Emberiza</em>, <em>Fringillaria</em>, <em>Schoeniclus</em>, and <em>Melophus</em>. The four-genus arrangement is well supported based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data except for the placement of the African taxon <em>E. affinis</em>, which is unstable (Cai et al. 2021) and is here placed in <em>Fringillaria</em> based on biogeography and morphology. Further research may determine that additional genus splits and/or re-arrangements are warranted.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza citrinella [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 47).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza"],["30861","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza calandra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176","Corn Bunting","Corn Bunting","Corn Bunting",null,null,"temperate to subtropical western Palearctic grassland from British Isles and western Europe northward to southern Scandinavia, Latvia, and southwestern Russia, southward to Canary Islands, Morocco to Tunisia (northwestern to north-central Africa), through Mediterranean to Türkiye, Israel, and Jordan, northeastern Arabian Peninsula, eastward through southern Kazakhstan to northwestern Xinjiang (northwestern China), southward through Iran and northern Afghanistan; some short-range southward movement",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721020","corbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/corbun1","avibase-9A87EBB0",null,null,"Europe ; Sweden accepted as restricted type locality, vide Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 165.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza calandra"],["30862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza calandra calandra","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from Europe (including the British Isles and far southern Sweden) eastward to Belarus, Ukraine, and southern Russia, Türkiye (except the southeast), and coastal Lebanon and Israel; also northwestern Africa (Morocco eastward to Libya) and the Canary Islands; partially migratory",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6AF6D26",null,null,"Europe ; Sweden accepted as restricted type locality, vide Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 165.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza calandra"],["30863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza calandra buturlini","Johansen, 1907","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 18 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern Türkiye southward to northern Israel, eastward across Syria, Iraq, and western and northern Iran to Turkmenistan and northern Afghanistan, also northward through Tajikistan, southeastern Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan to southern Kazakhstan and far northwestern China (far western Xinjiang); isolated population in Arabian Peninsula probably also this subspecies; partially migratory",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57BEDF6C",null,null,"mouth of Kastek River, Seven Rivers region, near Alma Ata, Semirechia, eastern Kazakhstan.","Neue palaearktische Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209499#page/230/mode/1up","Emberiza calandra buturlini"],["30864","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza fucata","Pallas, 1776","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.698","Chestnut-eared Bunting","Chestnut-eared Bunting","Chestnut-eared Bunting",null,null,"breeds disjunctly in subtropical western Himalayas, central China and temperate northeastern Asia, in scrubby hills: montane northwestern Pakistan through Himalayas to central Nepal; Sichuan and southern Shaanxi southward to southeastern Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou; northern Mongolia, southern Transbaikalia to Sakhalin (southeastern Russia), Nei Mongol and Heilongjiang (northeastern China) southward to Korean Peninsula, southern Kuril Islands to Kyushu (northern to southern Japan); and Zhejiang and Fujian (east-central China); winters marshes and fields from lower in Himalayas to eastern India and Bangladesh, southeastern Asia (except Malayan Peninsula), central and eastern China, Korean Peninsula and Honshu southward to Izu and Ryukyu islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720951","chebun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chebun2","avibase-465C35EF",null,null,"at Onon and Ingoda rivers, near Shilka, Chita, southeastern Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza fucata"],["30865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza fucata arcuata","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.494",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Himalayas (Pakistan to Bangladesh; northern Yunnan); winters to Myanmar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB59FD14",null,null,"Himalayas ; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1926, Fauna. Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 199.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/514/mode/1up","Emberiza arcuata"],["30866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza fucata fucata","Pallas, 1776","Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.698",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Mongolia and northeastern China to Korean Peninsula and Japan (Hokkaido southward to Kyushu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-874D21DF",null,null,"at Onon and Ingoda rivers, near Shilka, Chita, southeastern Siberia.",null,null,"Emberiza fucata"],["30867","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza fucata kuatunensis","La Touche, 1925","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern China (Zhejiang and Fujian); winters to Bangladesh, northern and central Myanmar, northern Indochina, and southeastern China,",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD5FD149",null,null,"Kuatun, northwestern Fukien.","Descriptions of two forms of Buntings from China.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125298#page/59/mode/1up","Emberiza fucata kuatunensis"],["30868","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza koslowi","Bianchi, 1904","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.80","Tibetan Bunting","Tibetan Bunting","Tibetan Bunting",null,null,"western China (borders of arid Tibet, southwestern Qinghai, and Sichuan)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720891","tibbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tibbun1","avibase-7A04D64E",null,null,"Re chu River, ca. 31°25'N., 97° 24'E., upper Mekong River, eastern Tibet.","A new species of Bunting from the Upper Mekong.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/568/mode/1up","Emberiza koslowi"],["30869","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza jankowskii","Taczanowski, 1888","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.23 p.317 pl.8","Jankowski's Bunting","Rufous-backed Bunting","Jankowski's Bunting",null,null,"breeds northeastern China and far northeastern North Korea; winters to east-central China",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720905","rubbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubbun1","avibase-487A512B",null,null,"near Sidemi, south of Vladivostok, in the vicinity of the Korean-Manchurian border, Maritime Territory.","Description d'une nouvelle Espèce du Genre Emberiza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/345/mode/1up","Emberiza jankowskii"],["30870","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cioides","Brandt, 1843","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 1 col.363","Meadow Bunting","Meadow Bunting","Meadow Bunting",null,null,"open woods from eastern Kazakhstan and eastern Kyrgyzstan through southern Russia, Mongolia, and northeastern China to Sakhalin and Kuril Islands (southeastern Russia); in Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Zhejiang (northwestern to southeastern China), Korean Peninsula, and Hokkaido to Yakushima (northern to southern Japan); some winter to lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720902","meabun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meabun1","avibase-2D55EC45",null,null,"Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173042#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza cioides"],["30871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cioides tarbagataica","Sushkin, 1925","Spisok i raspredelenie ptits Russkogo Altaia i blizhaishikh chastei Severo-Zapadnoi Mongolii: s opisaniem novykh ili maloizvestnykh form p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of central Asia; winters in northern Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A26957F3",null,null,"Temir-su, near Zaissausk [= Zaysan] , extreme northeastern Kazakhstan.",null,null,"Emberiza cioides tarbagataica"],["30872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cioides cioides","Brandt, 1843","Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 1 col.363",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Altai Mountains to Transbaikalia and mountains of Mongolia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03A73D26",null,null,"Siberia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173042#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza cioides"],["30873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cioides weigoldi","Jacobi, 1923","Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 16, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Transbaikalia to northeastern China and North Korea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56E83441",null,null,"30 km. north of Balihandien, Peking [= Palihantientze, northeast of Jehol, southwestern Manchuria, fide, Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 680].","Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stötznerschen Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Ost-tibet und Tschili auf Grund der Sammlungen und Beobachtungen Dr. Hugo Weigolds.",null,"Emberiza cioides weigoldi"],["30874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cioides castaneiceps","Moore, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.297 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and central Korean Peninsula and eastern China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE4B4A4C",null,null,"Kintang [= probably Kintan, Chinkiang, lower Yangtze, Kiangsu, fide La Touche, 1927, Birds Eastern China, 1, p. 358].","Notice of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/1035/mode/1up","Emberiza castaneiceps"],["30875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cioides ciopsis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Kuril Islands and Japan southward to Yakushima; winters from Honshu southward",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D77A4C2D",null,null,"Japan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/720/mode/1up","Emberiza ciopsis"],["30876","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza godlewskii","Taczanowski, 1874","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.127 p.330","Godlewski's Bunting","Godlewski's Bunting","Godlewski's Bunting",null,null,"rocky slopes of temperate to subtropical montane central and eastern Palearctic: eastern Kyrgyzstan, western Xinjiang (western China), and south-central Russia to Transbaikalia, Mongolia to central Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Hebei (northeastern China); in south through Tibet, northeastern Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India) to northern Yunnan (southwestern China); winters to cultivation at lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720899","godbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/godbun1","avibase-EF5E5726",null,null,"southern Dauria and Kultuk, Mongolia [= southern Lake Baikal] .","Zweiter Nachtrag zum Bericht über die ornithologischen Untersuchungen des Dr. Dybowski in Ost-Sibirien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/342/mode/1up","Emberiza godlewskii"],["30877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza godlewskii decolorata","Sushkin, 1925","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and eastern Tian Shan (western Xinjiang, northwestern China), southeastern Kazakhstan, and eastern Kyrgyzstan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2874E8B0",null,null,"Naryn, upper Syr Darya, Russian Turkestan.","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=30","Emberiza godlewskii decolorata"],["30878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza godlewskii godlewskii","Taczanowski, 1874","Journal für Ornithologie 22, no.127 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"Russian Altai eastward through Sayan Mountains to southern end of Lake Baikal and western Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and northern China (southward to northern and eastern Qinghai and Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B594933",null,null,"southern Dauria and Kultuk, Mongolia [= southern Lake Baikal] .","Zweiter Nachtrag zum Bericht über die ornithologischen Untersuchungen des Dr. Dybowski in Ost-Sibirien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101706#page/342/mode/1up","Emberiza godlewskii"],["30879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza godlewskii khamensis","Sushkin, 1925","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 38, no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central China from southern Qinghai southward to southern and southeastern Tibetan Plateau (to Lhasa and Gyantse regions) and western Sichuan and northeastern Arunachal Pradesh (India)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82EB59C1",null,null,"Dza-chu River, upper Mekong, Kham [= southern Tsinghai].","Notes on systematics and distribution of certain Palaearctic Birds.","https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79868849&seq=32","Emberiza godlewskii khamensis"],["30880","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza godlewskii yunnanensis","Sharpe, 1902","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 13 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern China in far southeastern Tibetan Plateau and northern Yunnan eastward to central Sichuan; also northeastern Myanmar in winter",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F0C9E2B",null,null,"Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Tali-fu, northern Yunnan.","On new birds from Yun-nan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/382/mode/1up","Emberiza yunnanensis"],["30881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza godlewskii omissa","Rothschild, 1921","Novitates Zoologicae 28, no.1 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern China from southern Heilongjiang southward to northern and eastern Sichuan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1FEA208",null,null,"Taipai Shan, Tsinling range, Shensi [=Shaanxi].","On a collection of birds from West-Central and North-Western Yunnan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22362#page/76/mode/1up","Emberiza cia omissa"],["30882","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cia","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.310","Rock Bunting","Rock Bunting","Rock Bunting",null,null,"rocky and bushy slopes of subtropical to temperate montane western and central Palearctic: Iberian Peninsula and central France through southern Germany, Slovakia, and southwestern Russia through northern Iran and southern Turkmenistan to eastern Kazakhstan and western Xinjiang (northwestern China) and eastward to far western Mongolia; in south from Morocco to Tunisia, and Mediterranean to Israel, southern Iran and Afghanistan to central Himalayas; some move in winter to cultivation at lower elevations",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720894","rocbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rocbun1","avibase-4836E64E",null,null,"southern Europe; lower Austria accepted as type locality, vide Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 183.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/314/mode/1up","Emberiza cia"],["30883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cia cia","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southern Europe eastward to the Balkans and northern Türkiye, and southward to northwestern Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6411176D",null,null,"southern Europe; lower Austria accepted as type locality, vide Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 183.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/314/mode/1up","Emberiza cia"],["30884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cia hordei","Brehm, 1831","Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Greece through southern Türkiye and southward to Israel and Jordan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7F373BD",null,null,"Er bewohut das südöstliche Europa, verirrt sich zuweilen in die gegen von Wien [He lives in southeastern Europe, occasionally strays into the area around Vienna].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103667#page/330/mode/1up","Emberiza hordei"],["30885","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cia prageri","Laubmann, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft2 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"the Caucasus, southern Ukraine, eastern Türkiye, and southwestern and northern Iran",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D17B4E26",null,null,"Psebai, Kuban district, drainage system of Little Laba, northwestern Caucasus.","Zwei neue Formen aus dem Kaukasus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/142/mode/1up","Emberiza cia prageri"],["30886","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cia par","Hartert, 1904","Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Iran to central Asia and northern Pakistan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D4C7233",null,null,"near Gudan [= Gaudan], south of Ashkhabad, southern Transcaspia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49566#page/252/mode/1up","Emberiza cia par"],["30887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cia stracheyi","Moore, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.297 p.215 pl.112",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Himalayas from Pakistan (from Afghan border eastward), Baltistan, and Kashmir eastward to Uttarakhand, northwestern India, far southwestern China (southwestern Tibet), and western Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-823B436C",null,null,"Kumaon.","Notice of some new species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/1035/mode/1up","Emberiza stracheyi"],["30888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cia flemingorum","Martens, 1972","Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 23 p.116",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Nepal",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D68D144",null,null,"Himalayas, Tarang, Barbung Khula [=Barbung Khola, Nepal]","Brutverbreitung paläarktischer Vögel im Nepal-Himalaya.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156345#page/132/mode/1up","Emberiza cia flemingorum"],["30889","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza buchanani","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.957","Grey-necked Bunting","Gray-necked Bunting","Grey-necked Bunting",null,null,"dry rocky hills of temperate montane southwestern to south-central Palearctic: eastern Türkiye, northeastern Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, southern Turkmenistan, eastern Uzbekistan, central and eastern Kazakhstan, south-central Russia, and Mongolia; in south through Afghanistan to north-central Pakistan and western and northern Xinjiang (northwestern China); winters to southeastern Pakistan and far western and central India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720909","gyhbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbun1","avibase-CF70007E",null,null,"Indian peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/505/mode/1up","Emberiza buchanani"],["30890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza buchanani cerrutii","de Filippi, 1863","Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia 2 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Türkiye, Armenia, and Azerbaijan eastward to Iran and southern Turkmenistan; assumed to winter in India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87809BF5",null,null,"Sardarak, Armenia, and Sainkale, Persia [= Sain Qal'eh, Azerbaijan, fide, Vaurie, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1805, p. 12].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111834#page/731/mode/1up","Emberiza cerrutii"],["30891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza buchanani buchanani","Blyth, 1845","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13, pt.2, no.156 p.957",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Uzbekistan and Pamirs of Tajikistan southward to central Afghanistan and probably southwestern Pakistan (Baluchistan); winters over most of western India (southward to Hyderabad).",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0EFD82F",null,null,"Indian peninsula.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123993#page/505/mode/1up","Emberiza buchanani"],["30892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza buchanani neobscura","Paynter, 1970","Check-list of birds of the world 13 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"central and northeastern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan eastward to Altai ranges, southwestern Mongolia, and northwestern China (northwestern Xinjiang); assumed to winter in India",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93943FF9",null,null,"Semirechye, Kazakhstan",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50593#page/29/mode/1up","Emberiza buchanani neobscura"],["30893","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cineracea","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.114","Cinereous Bunting","Cinereous Bunting","Cinereous Bunting",null,null,"dry rocky hills of south-central Western Palearctic: Lesbos and Chios (eastern Greece), Türkiye, northern Iraq, and far northwestern Iran; winters to coastal southern Red Sea from northeastern Sudan through Eritrea and southwestern Arabian Peninsula",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720912","cinbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinbun1","avibase-7C5AC300",null,null,"Smyrna [= Izmir], Turkey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/150/mode/1up","Emberiza cineracea"],["30894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cineracea cineracea","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.114",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western and southern Türkiye, eastward to the eastern Taurus Mountains; winter range not well known, but reported from eastern Sudan and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A02A240",null,null,"Smyrna [= Izmir], Turkey.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/150/mode/1up","Emberiza cineracea"],["30895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cineracea semenowi","Zarudny, 1904","Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 15 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southeastern Türkiye (westward to Gaziantep) and southwestern Iran (Zagros Mountains); winter range not well known, but reported from Yemen, northeastern Sudan, and Eritrea",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D272FF8C",null,null,"Jebel-Tniie [= Mt. Tntie] and Bidesar village, near Kuch-Asmari mountains, Arabistan [,Iran] ; Jebel-Tniie is on the upper Karun River, southwestern Iran, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 683.","Über neue Arten und Formen.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/198130#page/249/mode/1up","Emberiza (Hypocentor) semenowi"],["30896","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza hortulana","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.177","Ortolan Bunting","Ortolan Bunting","Ortolan Bunting",null,null,"breeds Western Palearctic; winters Mediterranean environs, Arabian Peninsula, and Africa",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720916","ortbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ortbun1","avibase-47210561",null,null,"Europe ; Sweden accepted as restricted type locality, vide Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 165.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza hortulana"],["30897","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza caesia","Cretzschmar, 1827","Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Erste Abtheilung. Zoologie. Vögel (1826) p.17 pl.10 fig.6","Cretzschmar's Bunting","Cretzschmar's Bunting","Cretzschmar's Bunting",null,null,"breeds southern Europe to Türkiye; winters to northeastern Africa and Arabia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720920","crebun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crebun2","avibase-A7F3E6AE",null,null,"Kurgos Island, ca. lat. 17° N., Nile River Berber District, Sudan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/197/mode/1up","Emberiza caesia"],["30898","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza cirlus","Linnaeus, 1766","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.311","Cirl Bunting","Cirl Bunting","Cirl Bunting",null,null,"northwestern Africa (Morocco eastward to northwestern Tunisia); southwestern England (formerly also Wales); southern Europe from the Iberian Peninsula and France eastward to Romania and western and northern Türkiye, also the Balearics, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Crete; introduced New Zealand",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720888","cirbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cirbun1","avibase-9AAB8C21",null,null,"southern Europe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/315/mode/1up","Emberiza cirlus"],["30899","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza stewarti","(Blyth, 1854)","Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 23, no.2 p.215","White-capped Bunting","White-capped Bunting","White-capped Bunting",null,null,"southern Turkmenistan to northern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and northwestern India",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720884","chbbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbbun1","avibase-E272C456",null,null,"Landour and Dehra Dun, Punjab [= Uttar Pradesh] .","Report of Curator, Zoological Department.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124458#page/271/mode/1up","Euspiza stewarti"],["30900","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza leucocephalos","Gmelin, 1771","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 15 p.480, pl.23 fig.3 spdP","Pine Bunting","Pine Bunting","Pine Bunting",null,null,"forest edge and openings of temperate central and eastern Palearctic: west-central Russia from Ural Mountains eastward to Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin, and Kuril Islands (southeastern Russia), southward through northern Kazakhstan, eastern Kyrgyzstan, and northwestern Xinjiang (northwestern China), northern and central Mongolia and northeastern China, and disjunctly in northeastern Qinghai and southern Gansu (north-central China); winters to open areas of southern temperate central and eastern Palearctic: to northern Iran through central Himalayas, to northeastern China, southeastern Russia, Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720881","pinbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinbun","avibase-43EF3EA7",null,null,"Astrakhan [Russia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38626#page/546/mode/1up","Emberiza leucocephalos"],["30901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza leucocephalos leucocephalos","Gmelin, 1771","Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 15 p.480, pl.23 fig.3 spdP",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Siberia to Sakhalin and Tibet; winters to Iraq, India, and China",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B7D8CCD",null,null,"Astrakhan [Russia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38626#page/546/mode/1up","Emberiza leucocephalos"],["30902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza leucocephalos fronto","Stresemann, 1930","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 38 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern China (Kokonor region of northeastern Qinghai to northwestern Gansu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A66992E",null,null,"upper Sining River, Tsinghai.","Neue Formen aus Nord-Kansu V.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornithologische-Monatberichte_38_0081-0090.pdf#page=10","Emberiza leucocephalos fronto"],["30903","species","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza citrinella","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.177","Yellowhammer","Yellowhammer","Yellowhammer",null,null,"edge and openings in subarctic to southern temperate montane western and central Palearctic: British Isles and northern Scandinavia to northern Iberian Peninsula, eastward through subarctic Russia to central Siberia, southward through montane northern Mediterranean region, Balkans, and Caucasus, eastward through northern Kazakhstan and far north-central Mongolia; short-range to moderate southward movement to fields and orchards to southern Iberian Peninsula, Türkiye, Israel, western Iran, and southern Kazakhstan to northern Afghanistan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22720878","yellow2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yellow2","avibase-56FB47C0",null,null,"Europe ; type from Sweden, vide Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 167.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza citrinella"],["30904","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza citrinella caliginosa","Clancey, 1940","Ibis ser.14, vol.4 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and northern and western England",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E63BD40",null,null,"near Dornoch, southeastern Sutherlandshire, northern Scotland.","Notes on some Birds from Scotland.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01647.x","Emberiza citrinella caliginosa"],["30905","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza citrinella citrinella","Linnaeus, 1758","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.177",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern England, and northern and western Europe to central Russia; winters to North Africa",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7B4C01F",null,null,"Europe ; type from Sweden, vide Hartert, 1904, Vögel Pal. Fauna, p. 167.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza citrinella"],["30906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Emberizidae","Old World Buntings","Emberiza citrinella erythrogenys","Brehm, 1855","Der vollständige Vogelfang. Eine gründliche Anleitung, alle europäischen Vögel (etc.) p.414",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Europe to central Siberia; winters to northern Mongolia and Iraq",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4773823A",null,null,"near Sarepta [=Krasnoarmejsk], near Saratov, lower Volga.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53387#page/450/mode/1up","Emberiza erythrogenys"],["30907","family","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerellidae",null,null,"New World Sparrows","New World Sparrows","New World Sparrows",null,null,null,null,null,null,"passer3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/passer3/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["30908","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispizopsis","Wolters, 1980","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen pt.5 p.329",null,null,null,"2025-1118","Taxon <em>quinquestriata </em>(polytypic, including <em>septentrionalis</em>) is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Amphispizopsis </em>based on deep divergence in mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Klicka et al. 2014; Cicero et al. 2020), lack of strong support for <em>A. quinquestriata </em>and <em>Amphispiza bilineata</em> as sister species, and phenotypic differences between these species.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Zonotrichia quinquestriata [Sclater & Salvin, 1868]; type by original designation",null,"Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine Systematische Lists mil Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. 5","https://archive.org/details/dievogelartender0000wolt/page/329/mode/1up?q=Amphispizopsis","Amphispizopsis"],["30909","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispizopsis quinquestriata","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.323","Five-striped Sparrow","Five-striped Sparrow","Five-striped Sparrow",null,null,"southeastern Arizona southward on Pacific slope to northern Jalisco",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721200","fisspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fisspa","avibase-8C954D4E",null,null,"Mexico ; type probably from Bolanos, Jalisco, fide Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc.) , no. 33, p. 371.","Descriptions of New or little-known American Birds of the Families Fringillidae, Oxyrhamphidae, Bucconidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/405/mode/1up","Zonotrichia quinquestriata"],["30910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispizopsis quinquestriata septentrionalis","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.485",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arizona to northwestern Mexico (Sonora and western Chihuahua to central Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ED7DB6F",null,null,"Hacienda de San Rafael, Sonora, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. C. A systematic report on the Brewster collection of Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/531/mode/1up","Aimophila quinquestriata septentrionalis"],["30911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispizopsis quinquestriata quinquestriata","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (northern Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95348A97",null,null,"Mexico ; type probably from Bolanos, Jalisco, fide Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc.) , no. 33, p. 371.","Descriptions of New or little-known American Birds of the Families Fringillidae, Oxyrhamphidae, Bucconidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/405/mode/1up","Zonotrichia quinquestriata"],["30912","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza","Coues, 1874","Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries p.234",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza bilineata [Cassin, 1850]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114637#page/252/mode/1up","Amphispiza"],["30913","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.103 pl.3","Black-throated Sparrow","Black-throated Sparrow","Black-throated Sparrow",null,null,"breeds south-central Washington, southern Idaho, southeastern Colorado, and central Texas southward through eastern California (USA), and Baja California, Sinaloa, Hidalgo, and Tamaulipas (northern Mexico); withdraws from northern half of range in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721194","bktspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktspa","avibase-A0F29F1E",null,null,"Texas, on Rio Grande.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/124/mode/1up","Emberiza bilineata"],["30914","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata bilineata","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.103 pl.3",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Texas (USA) to northeastern Mexico (eastern Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52B079EF",null,null,"Texas, on Rio Grande.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/124/mode/1up","Emberiza bilineata"],["30915","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata opuntia","Burleigh & Lowery, 1939","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 6 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colorado to eastern New Mexico, western Texas, and northwestern Coahuila",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DA497B0",null,null,"Guadalupe Mountains, Culberson County, Texas.","Description of two new Birds from western Texas.","https://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1085&context=opmns","Amphispiza bilineata opuntia"],["30916","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata deserticola","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"arid west-central USA to northern Baja California, islands in Gulf of California, and northwestern Chihuahua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1F49F10",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.","Descriptions of supposed new genera, species and subspecies of American birds. I. Fringillidae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Amphispiza bilineata deserticola"],["30917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata bangsi","Grinnell, 1927","The Auk 44, no.1 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape District of southern Baja California and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E680A5D",null,null,"La Paz, Baja California, Mexico.","Six new subspecies of Birds from Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol44/iss1/8/","Amphispiza bilineata bangsi"],["30918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata tortugae","Van Rossem, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.222",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla La Tortuga (Gulf of California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4793A6B",null,null,"Isla Tortuga, Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico.","Four new Birds from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/298/mode/1up","Amphispiza bilineata tortugae"],["30919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata belvederei","Banks, 1963","Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 37 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Cerralvo (Gulf of California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72C3921E",null,null,"east side of Isla Cerralvo, Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico. [Specimens not examined.]","New birds from Cerralvo Island, Baja California, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22389#page/4/mode/1up","Amphispiza bilineata belvederei"],["30920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata pacifica","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora, northern Sinaloa, and Isla Tiburón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68564069",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Amphispiza bilineata pacifica"],["30921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata cana","Van Rossem, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 p.223",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla San Estéban (Gulf of California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F972105",null,null,"Isla San Esteban, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico.","Four new Birds from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/299/mode/1up","Amphispiza bilineata cana"],["30922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Amphispiza bilineata grisea","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mexico (Chihuahua to southern Coahuila, northern Jalisco, and southwestern Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4998C29D",null,null,"Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/83/mode/1up","Amphispiza bilineata grisea"],["30923","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Calamospiza","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla bicolor [J.K. Townsend, 1837]; type by monotypy = Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger, 1885  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/42/mode/1up","Calamospiza"],["30924","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Calamospiza melanocorys","Stejneger, 1885","The Auk 2, no.1 p.49","Lark Bunting","Lark Bunting","Lark Bunting",null,null,"breeds western Canada and western USA; winters to northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721049","larbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larbun","avibase-938C5572",null,null,"plains of Platte River [Nebraska].","Analecta Ornithologica. Fourth Series","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol2/iss1/11/","Calamospiza melanocorys"],["30925","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chondestes","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chondestes strigatus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/451/mode/1up","Chondestes"],["30926","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chondestes grammacus","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 1 p.139,note","Lark Sparrow","Lark Sparrow","Lark Sparrow",null,null,"breeds shrub-steppe, prairie, and woodland-grassland ecotones from southern British Columbia eastward to southern Manitoba (interior southwestern to south-central Canada) southward across interior western and central USA to southern California, and Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí (north-central Mexico), and eastward to western Indiana and Arkansas, irregularly farther east; winters from southern USA southward to southern Baja California and to southeastern Oaxaca (southern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721191","larspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larspa","avibase-78509A5D",null,null,"Belief ontaine, 4 miles from mouth of Missouri River, Missouri.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124314#page/157/mode/1up","Fringilla grammaca"],["30927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chondestes grammacus grammacus","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 1 p.139,note",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Canada (Ontario) to New York, northern Texas, and western North Carolina; winters from central Texas and southern Louisiana southward to Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E3AF9B0",null,null,"Belief ontaine, 4 miles from mouth of Missouri River, Missouri.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124314#page/157/mode/1up","Fringilla grammaca"],["30928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chondestes grammacus strigatus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada and western USA to northern Mexico; winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB2AFF92",null,null,"Temiscaltepec [= Temascaltepec] , Mexico, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/451/mode/1up","Chondestes strigatus"],["30929","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella","Bonaparte, 1831","Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 52 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla pusilla [Wilson, A, 1810]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Spizella"],["30930","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella passerina","(Bechstein, 1798)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 3 p.544 pl.120 fig.1","Chipping Sparrow","Chipping Sparrow","Chipping Sparrow",null,null,"breeds open coniferous forest, woodland and groves with grassy and shrubby undergrowth, including human-modified habitats and towns, from eastern Alaska eastward to southern Newfoundland (eastern Canada) and southward to northern Baja California, through mountains of Mexico to northeastern Nicaragua, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida; Central American populations resident; northern populations winter in southern USA and northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721162","chispa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chispa","avibase-37E9CCDA",null,null,"Canada ; restricted to Quebec City, Quebec, by Oberholser, 1955, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 45, p. 60.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234912#page/318/mode/1up","Fringilla passerina"],["30931","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella passerina passerina","(Bechstein, 1798)","Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen versehen 3 p.544 pl.120 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to southern Texas and South Carolina; winters to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8770D7ED",null,null,"Canada ; restricted to Quebec City, Quebec, by Oberholser, 1955, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 45, p. 60.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234912#page/318/mode/1up","Fringilla passerina"],["30932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella passerina arizonae","Coues, 1872","Key to North American birds, containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alaska and western Yukon to northwestern Mexico including northern Baja California; winters to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-739952C0",null,null,"Arizona ; type from Fort Wipple, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 11, p. 557.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180340#page/163/mode/1up","Spizella socialis arizonae"],["30933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella passerina atremaea","Moore, 1937","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental to pine belt of Nuevo León)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-487EEB1B",null,null,"Los Frailes, near Durango-Chihuahua boundary, 10 mi. east of Sinaloa line boundary, Chihuahua, Mexico.","New races of Myadestes, Spizella and Turdus from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/233/mode/1up","Spizella passerina atremaeus"],["30934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella passerina mexicana","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Mexico (Nayarit) to northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C53A9758",null,null,"San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Spizella socialis mexicana"],["30935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella passerina pinetorum","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"pine forest of northern Guatemala (Petén) to northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89F6C3EC",null,null,"Peten, Guatemala ; type from pine ridge of Poctun, Peten, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 11, p. 559.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/259/mode/1up","Spizella pinetorum"],["30936","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella pallida","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.251","Clay-colored Sparrow","Clay-colored Sparrow","Clay-colored Sparrow",null,null,"breeds western Canada and USA; winters to Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721165","clcspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/clcspa","avibase-486265CF",null,null,"Carlton House, Saskatchewan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/375/mode/1up","Emberiza pallida"],["30937","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella atrogularis","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.133","Black-chinned Sparrow","Black-chinned Sparrow","Black-chinned Sparrow",null,null,"central California through New Mexico and disjunctly southward to central Baja California through northern Oaxaca; withdraws from north in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721185","bkcspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcspa","avibase-ECC32BD0",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/149/mode/1up","Spinites atrogularis"],["30938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella atrogularis evura","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern California to northern Nevada, southwestern Utah, Arizona, western Texas, and northern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8503F1D5",null,null,"Fort Wipple, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/95/mode/1up","Spizella evura"],["30939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella atrogularis cana","Coues, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central California (Contra Costa to San Benito counties) and interior coastal mountains of California (Monterey) to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2AEC24D",null,null,"Sierra San Gertrude; Cape San Lucas, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/96/mode/1up","Spizella cana"],["30940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella atrogularis atrogularis","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"central plateau of Mexico (Durango to western Nuevo León and southern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4E57A18",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/149/mode/1up","Spinites atrogularis"],["30941","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella pusilla","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.121 pl.16 fig.2","Field Sparrow","Field Sparrow","Field Sparrow",null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to central and eastern USA; winters to northeastern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721179","fiespa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fiespa","avibase-E23F6DE0",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; type from Philadelphia, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 349.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/139/mode/1up","Fringilla pusilla"],["30942","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella breweri","Cassin, 1856","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.1 p.40","Brewer's Sparrow","Brewer's Sparrow","Brewer's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds mainly in sagebrush, except in the northern mountains, where breeds in dwarf willow and birch, from southeastern Alaska and northwestern Canada southward to southern California and eastward to western North Dakota and northern New Mexico; winters in southwestern USA southward to southern Baja California and Guanajuato and Queretaro (central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734705","brespa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brespa","avibase-29967541",null,null,"western North America, California, and New Mexico ; type from Black Hills, North Dakota, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/60/mode/1up","Spizella breweri"],["30943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella breweri taverneri","Swarth & Brooks, 1925","The Condor 27, no.2 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds east-central Alaska, southwestern Yukon, northwestern to southeastern British Columbia, and southwestern Alberta; winters Arizona eastward to western Texas, and probably northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E54E637A",null,null,"Spruce Mountain, 5,000 ft., 10 mi. east Atlin, British Columbia.","The Timberline Sparrow (Spizella taverneri) a new species from north-western Canada.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol27/iss2/6/","Spizella taverneri"],["30944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella breweri breweri","Cassin, 1856","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.1 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds British Columbia and Alberta to southwestern USA; winters to Baja California and central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3230898E",null,null,"western North America, California, and New Mexico ; type from Black Hills, North Dakota, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/60/mode/1up","Spizella breweri"],["30945","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella wortheni","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.432 p.259","Worthen's Sparrow","Worthen's Sparrow","Worthen's Sparrow",null,null,"northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to Nuevo León, Zacatecas, and Veracruz)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721182","worspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/worspa","avibase-3B25CBE3",null,null,"Silver City, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/275/mode/1up","Spizella wortheni"],["30946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella wortheni wortheni","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.432 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Coahuila to Nuevo León, Zacatecas, and Veracruz (east-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0E4BDD5",null,null,"Silver City, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/275/mode/1up","Spizella wortheni"],["30947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizella wortheni browni","Webster & Orr, 1954","The Condor 56, no.3 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Zacatecas (west-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B609358",null,null,"Cerro Gordo, 8,000 ft., 9.5 mi. northwest Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico.","Summering birds of Zacatecas, Mexico, with a description of a new race of Worthen Sparrow.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol56/iss3/7/","Spizella wortheni browni"],["30948","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Oreothraupis","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.305 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Saltator arremonops [Jardine]; type by monotypy = Saltator arremonops P.L. Sclater, 1855  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/116/mode/1up","Oreothraupis"],["30949","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Oreothraupis arremonops","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.84 pl.92","Tanager Finch","Tanager Finch","Tanager Finch",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723024","tanfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tanfin1","avibase-807C7CA4",null,null,"eastern (sic?) range of the Cordilleras north of Quito, Ecuador.","Descriptions of four new or little-known Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/852/mode/1up","Saltator arremonops"],["30950","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chlorospingus leucophrys [Cabanis, 1851]; type by monotypy = Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus, 1847  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/155/mode/1up","Chlorospingus"],["30951","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavigularis","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.8","Yellow-throated Chlorospingus","Yellow-throated Chlorospingus",null,"2025-0841","Taxon <em>hypophaeus </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chlorospingus flavigularis</em> based on available evidence. Although differences in plumage, iris color, and mitochondrial DNA (Weir 2009) are present, additional information from vocalizations and genomic DNA is needed to determine species limits in this group.","humid to cloudforest in foothills and slopes of the mountains of western Panama eastward to western San Blas, and possibly eastern Panama and Cerro Tacarcuna (adjacent Colombia), and in all Andes of Colombia southward to southeastern Peru (Puno)",null,null,null,"ytbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ytbtan1","avibase-3B14D5D6",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia].","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/14/mode/1up","Pipilopsis flavigularis"],["30952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavigularis hypophaeus","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"montane forest of western Panama (Volcán Chiriquí to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C0C9B25",null,null,"Veragua, Calovevora [, Panama] .","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/483/mode/1up","Chlorospingus hypophaeus"],["30953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavigularis marginatus","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A127481",null,null,"Buenavista (alt. 1200 ft.), Nariño, western Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Chlorospingus flavigularis marginatus"],["30954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavigularis flavigularis","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Colombia to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40E12D30",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= 'Bogotá,' Colombia].","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/14/mode/1up","Pipilopsis flavigularis"],["30955","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus parvirostris","Chapman, 1901","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 14, art.19 p.227","Yellow-whiskered Chlorospingus","Short-billed Chlorospingus","Short-billed Chlorospingus",null,null,"montane and foothill cloudforest in the eastern Andes of Colombia and the western slope of the central Andes in the upper Magdalena Valley (Boyacá and Tolima) southward along eastern Andes of Ecuador to western Bolivia (to Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722187","shbbut1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbbut1","avibase-E5DB38E4",null,null,"Inca Mine [= Santo Domingo, Marcapata] , southeastern Peru.","Descriptions of six apparently new birds from Peru.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/726","Chlorospingus flavigularis parvirostris"],["30956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus parvirostris huallagae","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of southern Colombia and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7D43BA5",null,null,"Utcubamba, Dept. Libertad, Peru, alt. 5,500 feet.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Chlorospingus flavigularis huallagae"],["30957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus parvirostris medianus","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of east-central Peru (Junín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53F46E7B",null,null,"Utcuyacu, Junín, Peru, altitude 4800 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Chlorospingus parvirostris medianus"],["30958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus parvirostris parvirostris","Chapman, 1901","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 14, art.19 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEA33EB5",null,null,"Inca Mine [= Santo Domingo, Marcapata] , southeastern Peru.","Descriptions of six apparently new birds from Peru.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/726","Chlorospingus flavigularis parvirostris"],["30959","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus canigularis","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.11","Ashy-throated Chlorospingus","Ashy-throated Chlorospingus","Ashy-throated Chlorospingus",null,null,"humid to cloudforest in foothills and slopes of the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, in the Andes of far southwestern Venezuela southward along all Andes of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador, including the Cordillera Chongón-Colonche, and adjacent northwestern Peru, and along the eastern Andes of Ecuador southward to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722203","atbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/atbtan1","avibase-C6F07B0B",null,null,"ad Bogotám in Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/19/mode/1up","Tachyphonus canigularis"],["30960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus canigularis olivaceiceps","Underwood, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Caribbean slope of western Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FD20834",null,null,"Carrillo, Costa Rica.","[Description of four apparently new species of birds from Costa Rica and Guatemala].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/497/mode/1up","Chlorospingus olivaceiceps"],["30961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus canigularis canigularis","(de Lafresnaye, 1848)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Cundinamarca) and southwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63609B10",null,null,"ad Bogotám in Colombia.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/19/mode/1up","Tachyphonus canigularis"],["30962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus canigularis conspicillatus","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-637591AB",null,null,"Bitaco Valley [,Western Andes], Colombia.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/121/mode/1up","Chlorospingus canigularis conspicillatus"],["30963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus canigularis paulus","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32C46A14",null,null,"La Chonta, Province del Oro, Ecuador; altitude 2000 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Chlorospingus canigularis paulus"],["30964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus canigularis signatus","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of eastern Ecuador and Peru (southward to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2814ACF2",null,null,"Machay and Mapoto, [eastern] Ecuador; type from Machay, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1090.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/126/mode/1up","Chlorospingus signatus"],["30965","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus pileatus","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.581","Sooty-capped Chlorospingus","Sooty-capped Chlorospingus","Sooty-capped Chlorospingus",null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722182","scbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbtan1","avibase-66F20774",null,null,"Volcán de Cartago [= Irazú] , Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/677/mode/1up","Chlorospingus pileatus"],["30966","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.227","Common Chlorospingus","Common Chlorospingus",null,null,null,"montane cloudforest from southernmost San Luis Potosí (Gulf slope of Mexico), and from Guerrero (Pacific slope of Mexico) southward in mountains to western Panama, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón to Miranda), Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes of western Venezuela southward along all Andes of Colombia, eastern Andes of Ecuador southward to northwestern Argentina (to Catamarca)",null,null,null,"cobtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cobtan1","avibase-D083FB4D",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/237/mode/1up","Arremon flavo-pectus"],["30967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus postocularis","Cabanis, 1866","Journal für Ornithologie 14, no.81 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0688059",null,null,"Guatimala [= Sierra above Costa Cuca, Pacific slope], fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 400.","Ueber neue oder weniger bekannte exotische Vögel. (Fortsetzung ; s. November-Heft 1865, S. 406-414.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103185#page/175/mode/1up","Chlorospingus postocularis"],["30968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus wetmorei","Lowery & Newman, 1949","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 22 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Sierra de los Tuxtlas in Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EA17216",null,null,"Volcán San Martin, Sierra de Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico.","New birds from the Sate of San Luis Potosi and the Tuxtla Mountains of Veracruz, Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/15/","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus wetmorei"],["30969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus albifrons","Salvin & Godman, 1889","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.2 p.237-238",null,null,null,null,null,"Guerrero and Oaxaca (southwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1ED52343",null,null,"Omilteme, Sierra Madre del Sur, altitude 8000 feet, Guerrero, Mexico.","Notes on Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/267/mode/1up","Chlorospingus albifrons"],["30970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus ophthalmicus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico from southeastern San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz southward to northeastern Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99C7DB73",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, by Lowery and Newman, 1949, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ., no. 22, p. 8.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/752/mode/1up","Arremon ophthalmicus"],["30971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus dwighti","Underdown, 1931","The Auk 48, no.4 p.612",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southern Mexico (northern Chiapas), eastern Guatemala, and southwestern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B49421C5",null,null,"Finca Sepur, Vera Paz, Guatemala.","On the Status of Chlorospingus olivaceus (Bonaparte).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol48/iss4/61/","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus dwighti"],["30972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus honduratius","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1088, 1142",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical El Salvador and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB5FB691",null,null,"Volcano de Puca, Honduras.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Chlorospingus honduratius"],["30973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus regionalis","Bangs, 1906","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 19 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Nicaragua southward through Costa Rica to western Panama (west of the summit of Volcán Barú)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45C316A4",null,null,"Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica.","Notes on birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, with descriptions of new forms and new records for Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22853#page/148/mode/1up","Chlorospingus regionalis"],["30974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus punctulatus","Sclater & Salvin, 1869","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.440",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of west-central Panama (western Chiriquí east of the summit of Volcán Barú [Volcán de Chiriquí], Veraguas, and Coclé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A6E8605",null,null,"Cordillera del Chucu, Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of three new Species of Tanagers from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/528/mode/1up","Chlorospingus punctulatus"],["30975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus jacqueti","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.4 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2131ED90",null,null,"Galipán, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas, N. Venezuela.","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/40/mode/1up","Chlorospingus venezuelanus jacqueti"],["30976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus falconensis","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (San Luis Mountains and Sierra de Aroa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8728FFCC",null,null,"San Luis Mountains, above San Luis, in the State of Falcón [/Venezuela] .","Seventeen new Birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Chlorospingus op[h]thalmicus falconensis"],["30977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus venezuelanus","Berlepsch, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Venezuela (Lara, Mérida, and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8600D164",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Diagnosen neuer südamerikanischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/25/mode/1up","Chlorospingus albitemporalis venezuelanus"],["30978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus ponsi","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F5561F9",null,null,"Cerro Tamuypejocha, Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela; 1975 meters.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/299/mode/1up","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus ponsi"],["30979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus eminens","Zimmer, 1946","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 36, no.11 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of northeastern Colombia (Norte de Santander and Boyacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-838D60DA",null,null,"Gramalote, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia.","A new subspecies of Tanager from northeastern Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/449/mode/1up","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus eminens"],["30980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus trudis","Olson, 1983","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96, no.1 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (west slope of Andes of Santander at La Pica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F657B45",null,null,"La Pica, Santander, Colombia; male. Collected 12 February 1917 by M. A. Carriker, Jr., original number 21063.","Geographic variation in Chlorospingus ophthalmicus in Colombia and Venezuela (Aves: Thraupidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107577#page/125/mode/1up","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus trudis"],["30981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus exitelus","Olson, 1983","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96, no.1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (east slope of western and central Andes in Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D399D06",null,null,"Ventanas, Valdiva, Antioguia, Colombia, 7000-7400 ft.; 11 June 1948 by M.A. Carriker, Jr.","Geographic variation in Chlorospingus ophthalmicus in Colombia and Venezuela (Aves: Thraupidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107577#page/126/mode/1up","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus exitelus"],["30982","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus flavopectus","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (southern Santander and western Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE5A95A5",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/237/mode/1up","Arremon flavo-pectus"],["30983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus macarenae","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Macarena Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F3628B5",null,null,"Mt. Macarena, Colombia; plateau at 411 [error, 4,100] feet elevation.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus macarenae"],["30984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus olsoni","Avendaño, Stiles & Cadena, 2013","Ornitología Colombiana 13 44-58",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá, Caanare, and Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8C72B24",null,null,"13 January 1991 by F. G. Stiles (original no. FGS-2791) at an elevation of 2050 m (04°16'N, 73°48'W) beside the Monterredondo-El Calvario road, municipality of Guayabetal, c. 3 km ENE of the town of Guayabetal, department of Cundinamarca, Colombia","A new subspecies of Common Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus flavopectus, Emberizidae) from the east slope of the Andes of Colombia","http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/MS1209.pdf","Chlorospingus flavopectus olsoni"],["30985","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus nigriceps","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia on eastern slope of western Andes at northern end, both slopes of central Andes (south of exitelus), and west slope of eastern Andes (south of flavopectus and trudis to upper end of Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003F67BA",null,null,"Miraflores, alt. 6800 ft., Central Andes, east of Palmira, Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Chlorospingus albitempora nigriceps"],["30986","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus","Sclater & Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.521-522, pl. LII, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador and northernmost Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-696F4DAC",null,null,"Jina [= Jima] and Chillanes, Ecuador ; type from Jima fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1091.","Descriptions of six new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/189/mode/1up","Chlorospingus phaeocephalus"],["30987","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus cinereocephalus","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of central Peru (Pasco to western Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-800A6929",null,null,"Chilpes, Department of Junín, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/200/mode/1up","Chlorospingus cinereocephalus"],["30988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus hiaticolus","O'Neill & Parker, 1981","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 101, no.2 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7983605",null,null,"10km (by road) below (NE) Abra Patricia on the road to Rioja, Departmento de San Martin, Peru, 1890 m","New subspecies of Pipreola riefferii and Chlorospingus ophthalmicus from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126877#page/71/mode/1up","Chlorospingus ophthalmicus hiaticolus"],["30989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus peruvianus","Carriker, 1933","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of southern Peru (eastern Cusco to Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5AD11CC3",null,null,"Oconeque, Dept. Puno, Peru, alt. 7,000 feet.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064167","Chlorospingus flavipectus peruvianus"],["30990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus bolivianus","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.4 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Bolivia (Cochabamba and La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33E9F897",null,null,"San Cristobal, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/41/mode/1up","Chlorospingus venezuelanus bolivianus"],["30991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus fulvigularis","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.86-87",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia (southern Cordillera de Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD37E922",null,null,"Samiapata [,Valle Grande] , Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/96/mode/1up","Chlorospingus fulvigularis"],["30992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus flavopectus argentinus","Hellmayr, 1921","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.4 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia (upper Río Mizque) to northern Argentina (Tucumán to Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0895AC9F",null,null,"San Francisco, Cerro de Calilegua, Jujuy, NW. Argentina.","Twelve new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/42/mode/1up","Chlorospingus venezuelanus argentinus"],["30993","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus tacarcunae","Griscom, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.141 p.11","Tacarcuna Chlorospingus","Tacarcuna Chlorospingus","Tacarcuna Chlorospingus",null,null,"montane forest of eastern Panama and far northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722167","tabtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabtan1","avibase-433EF57B",null,null,"Mount Tacarcuna, east slope, alt. 4600 ft., eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new birds from Panama and Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4374/","Chlorospingus tacarcunae"],["30994","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus inornatus","(Nelson, 1912)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.18","Pirre Chlorospingus","Pirre Chlorospingus","Pirre Chlorospingus",null,null,"humid montane forest of eastern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722172","pibtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pibtan1","avibase-2F0F98C2",null,null,"Mount Pirri (at 5,200 feet altitude), eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/60/mode/1up","Hylospingus inornatus"],["30995","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus semifuscus","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.24,157","Dusky Chlorospingus","Dusky Chlorospingus",null,null,null,"montane forest on Pacific slope from Antioquia in northern western Andes of Colombia to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"dubtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dubtan1","avibase-B07E525E",null,null,"Aequatoria occ. in vicin. urbis Quito.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/169/mode/1up","Chlorospingus semifuscus"],["30996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus semifuscus livingstoni","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 92 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"western slope of western Andes of Colombia from southern Chocó (upper Río San Juan) southward to Cauca (Munchique area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7B9CCE3",null,null,"Munchique (6600 ft.), Cauca, Colombia.","On some Birds from southern Colombia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064306","Chlorospingus semifuscus livingstoni"],["30997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus semifuscus semifuscus","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.24,157",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Pacific slope in Nariño) and western slope in Ecuador (southward to western Cotopaxi)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FDCFCB9",null,null,"Aequatoria occ. in vicin. urbis Quito.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/169/mode/1up","Chlorospingus semifuscus"],["30998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Chlorospingus semifuscus xanthothorax","Sánchez-Nivicela, Avendaño, Sánchez-Nivicela et al., 2021","Zootaxa 5057 (2) p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and adjacent western Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0749E11",null,null,"Sambotambo road (boundaries of Buenaventura Reserve; 03° 39’ 07.32” S, 79° 44’ 36.32” W; 969 m elevation; Fig. 1), El Oro Province, Ecuador; collected on 8 September 2017, by MSN and JSN","A taxonomic assessment of Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus and Chlorospingus semifuscus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae), including the description of a new subspecies","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355445630","Chlorospingus semifuscus xanthothorax"],["30999","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Ammodramus bimaculatus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/451/mode/1up","Ammodramus"],["31000","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.921","Grasshopper Sparrow","Grasshopper Sparrow","Grasshopper Sparrow",null,null,"breeds short-grass prairies, grasslands, and shrubby savanna from southern British Columbia eastward to southern Quebec and southward in western USA to southern California, and from western Texas eastward to central Florida, and very locally in interior western USA, southern Mexico through central Panama, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, and Curaçao and Bonaire, and in dry montane valleys in central to southern Colombia and (formerly) northern Ecuador; northern populations winter in southern USA southward to southern Honduras and El Salvador, and Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721144","graspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graspa","avibase-5BFFE091",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/422/mode/1up","Fringilla savannarum"],["31001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus","(Coues, 1872)","Key to North American birds, containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern British Columbia to western Ontario and southwestern USA; winters to El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95F23C04",null,null,"dry western regions [= Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 640].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180340#page/157/mode/1up","[Coturniculus passerinus] var. perpallidus"],["31002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum ammolegus","Oberholser, 1942","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico (northern Sonora); winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ADF6868",null,null,"6 miles southeast Fort Huachuca, 5,000 ft., Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.","Description of a new Arizona race of the Grasshopper Sparrow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/33/mode/1up","Ammodramus savannarum ammolegus"],["31003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum pratensis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada and eastern USA; winters to Guatemala and Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C817547D",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/32/mode/1up","Passerina pratensis"],["31004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum floridanus","(Mearns, 1902)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24, no.1274 p.915",null,null,null,null,null,"central peninsular Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5ECDF95",null,null,"Kissimmee Prairie, 7 miles east Alligator Bluff, Osceola County, Florida.","Descriptions of three new birds from the Southern United States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53718#page/1057/mode/1up","Coturniculus savannarum floridanus"],["31005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz) to Nicaragua, northwestern Costa Rica, and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06A7B244",null,null,"Temiscaltipec [= Temascaltepec] , Mexico, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/451/mode/1up","Ammodramus bimaculatus"],["31006","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum beatriceae","Olson, 1980","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 p.758",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1291E438",null,null,"El Coco, Coclé Province, Panama","The subspecies of Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) in Panama (Aves: Emberizinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107589#page/252/mode/1up","Ammodramus savannarum beatriceae"],["31007","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum cracens","(Bangs & Peck, 1908)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Petén and eastern Guatemala to Belize, eastern Honduras, and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-679F416A",null,null,"Ycacos Lagoon, British Honduras.","On some rare and new birds from British Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/79/mode/1up","Coturniculus savannarum cracens"],["31008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum caucae","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (upper Cauca Valley) and (at least formerly) adjacent northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0093CA4F",null,null,"Cali, Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Ammodramus savannarum caucae"],["31009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum savannarum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.921",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2527A132",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/422/mode/1up","Fringilla savannarum"],["31010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum intricatus","Hartert, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40E93668",null,null,"El Valle, Dominican Republic.","Exhibition of an example of a new subspecies of Ammodramus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/497/mode/1up","Ammodramus savannarum intricatus"],["31011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum borinquensis","Peters, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.95-96",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19689134",null,null,"Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico.","The Porto Rican Grasshopper Sparrow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/119/mode/1up","Ammodramus savannarum borinquensis"],["31012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus savannarum caribaeus","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Curaçao and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCA84D5A",null,null,"Bonaire Island, Dutch West Indies.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. III. Abschnitt. Reise nach den Inseln des Caribischen Meeres. II. Kapitel. Die mit Sicherheit festgestellten Vögel der Inseln Aruba, Curaçao und Bonaire.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/346/mode/1up","Coturniculus savannarum caribaeus"],["31013","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus humeralis","(Bosc, 1792)","Journal d'Histoire Naturelle 2 p.179 pl.34 fig.4","Grassland Sparrow","Grassland Sparrow","Grassland Sparrow",null,null,"grasslands, savanna, and agricultural fields in northern and central Colombia eastward through the Guianas southward to northern Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, and northern Pará), and in Cerrado, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil southward to central Argentina (southern Buenos Aires) and westward to southeastern Peru; spreading to eastern and central Amazon basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721147","graspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graspa1","avibase-7C74D0E3",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34575#page/205/mode/1up","Tanagra humeralis"],["31014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus humeralis humeralis","(Bosc, 1792)","Journal d'Histoire Naturelle 2 p.179 pl.34 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia and Venezuela (except Guajira Peninsula), and the Guianas eastward to eastern Brazil (southward to Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-255F7DA5",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34575#page/205/mode/1up","Tanagra humeralis"],["31015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus humeralis pallidulus","(Wetmore, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"Guajira Peninsula of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96C6F461",null,null,"Maicao, Guajira, Colombia.","An additional form of the South American Grasshopper Sparrow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/177/mode/1up","Myospiza humeralis pallidula"],["31016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus humeralis xanthornus","Gould, 1839","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt3 no.11 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Peru (Cerros del Sira, Pampas del Heath) and northeastern Bolivia eastward through south-central Brazil to Paraguay and Uruguay and southward to central Argentina (Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A3C08BB",null,null,"Maldonado, Uruguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/214/mode/1up","Ammodramus xanthornus"],["31017","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus humeralis tarijensis","(Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939)","Notulae Naturae no.12 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz to Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3384D006",null,null,"Entre Ríos, 4,600 ft., Tarija, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia. Part I. Oscines.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_hF9uiXk97xIC/page/n3","Myospiza humeralis tarijensis"],["31018","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus aurifrons","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.38, pl.50, f.2","Yellow-browed Sparrow","Yellow-browed Sparrow","Yellow-browed Sparrow",null,null,"varied open habitats including highly disturbed areas, from short grass, riparian grass, and river islands in the Orinoco basin from northeastern Venezuela and the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia southward to central Bolivia, Amazonian Brazil (mostly along large rivers, eastward to western Maranhão, southward to Rondônia, and western Mato Grosso), and in the Cerrado of interior Brazil (southward to western Goiás)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721150","yebspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebspa1","avibase-02E3ACBD",null,null,"'in provincia Bahia' ; corrected to Fonte Boa, Rio Solimões, Brazil, by Hellmayr, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, p. 281.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/52/mode/1up","Tanagra aurifrons"],["31019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus aurifrons apurensis","(Phelps & Gilliard, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Norte de Santander to Arauca) eastward through llanos of western Venezuela to Orinoco Delta",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93B173C8",null,null,"Santo Domingo, 300 m., Táchira, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Myospiza aurifrons apurensis"],["31020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus aurifrons cherriei","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia (Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BE7C012",null,null,"Villavicencio, 1,600 ft., llanos at eastern base of Eastern Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Myospiza cherriei"],["31021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus aurifrons tenebrosus","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1395 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Venezuela (southwestern Amazonas), southeastern Colombia (Guainía and eastern Vaupés), and adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA619E06",null,null,"San Carlos, 180 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","Four new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5092/","Myospiza aurifrons tenebrosa"],["31022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammodramus aurifrons aurifrons","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.38, pl.50, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (southeast of Andes) southward through eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to northeastern Bolivia, and eastward through Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77E0E46B",null,null,"'in provincia Bahia' ; corrected to Fonte Boa, Rio Solimões, Brazil, by Hellmayr, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, p. 281.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/52/mode/1up","Tanagra aurifrons"],["31023","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Rhynchospiza","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.224.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Haemophila stolzmanni [Taczanowski, 1877]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"Descriptions of Supposed New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Rhynchospiza"],["31024","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Rhynchospiza stolzmanni","(Taczanowski, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.2 p.322","Tumbes Sparrow","Tumbes Sparrow","Tumbes Sparrow",null,null,"arid littoral of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721248","tumspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tumspa1","avibase-735C98C3",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis en 1876 au nord du Pérou occidental par MM. Jelski et Stolzmann.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/420/mode/1up","Haemophila stolzmanni"],["31025","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Rhynchospiza strigiceps","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.92","Chaco Sparrow","Chaco Sparrow","Chaco Sparrow",null,null,"breeds in north-central Argentina (Salta and Chaco southward to La Rioja, San Luis, Córdoba, and Buenos Aires); partially migratory, wintering to southeastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (Corrientes and Entre Ríos)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216917259","stcspa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcspa3","avibase-4B40EAFD",null,null,"Santa Fé, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/224/mode/1up","Zonotrichia strigiceps"],["31026","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Rhynchospiza dabbenei","(Hellmayr, 1912)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft2 p.190","Yungas Sparrow","Yungas Sparrow","Yungas Sparrow",null,null,"far southern Bolivia (south-central Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta southward to Catamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216917355","stcspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stcspa2","avibase-3304CCFD",null,null,"Tapia, Tucumán, Argentina.","Bemerkungen über eine wenig bekannte neotropische Ammer (Zonotrichia strigiceps Gould).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/206/mode/1up","Zonotrichia strigiceps dabbenei"],["31027","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops","Ridgway, 1896","A manual of North American birds. 2nd ed. p.434,605",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Embernagra rufivirgata [Lawrence, 1851]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44406#page/458/mode/1up","Arremonops"],["31028","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops tocuyensis","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.198","Tocuyo Sparrow","Tocuyo Sparrow","Tocuyo Sparrow",null,null,"arid scrub of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721395","tocspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tocspa1","avibase-53B7F671",null,null,"Tocuyo, Lara, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/238/mode/1up","Arremonops tocuyensis"],["31029","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops conirostris","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.488","Black-striped Sparrow","Black-striped Sparrow","Black-striped Sparrow",null,null,"disjunctly in humid scrub, forest borders, shrubby fields and thickets, and locally river island thickets from northern and eastern Honduras southward to Panama, the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica, and Panama (including Coiba), in northern and central Venezuela and Colombia, west of the Andes from southwestern Colombia southward to far northwestern Peru, in eastern Venezuela, the tepui region of northern Brazil (Roraima), and Río Pastaza of southeastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721401","blsspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blsspa1","avibase-BF9F34F5",null,null,"'Brazil' [= Colombia, vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 445].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/754/mode/1up","Arremon conirostris"],["31030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops conirostris striaticeps","(de Lafresnaye, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.61-62",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Honduras to eastern Panama, and disjunctly, Pacific slope of southern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC3A74F8",null,null,"Panama.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/69/mode/1up","Embernagra striaticeps"],["31031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops conirostris viridicatus","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC928552",null,null,"Isla Coiba, off Veraguas, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/334/mode/1up","Arremonops conirostris viridicata"],["31032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops conirostris inexpectatus","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (arid upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-852C93DC",null,null,"western slope of Eastern Andes below Andalucia, 3,000 ft., sources of the Río Magdalena, Huila, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Arremonops conirostris inexpectata"],["31033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops conirostris conirostris","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of Colombia to northern Venezuela and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78A4377C",null,null,"'Brazil' [= Colombia, vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 445].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/754/mode/1up","Arremon conirostris"],["31034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops conirostris umbrinus","Todd, 1923","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 36 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Norte de Santander) to western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC64AA9F",null,null,"Santa Elena, Mérida, Venezuela.","A synopsis of the genus Arremonops.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107376#page/58/mode/1up","Arremonops conirostris umbrinus"],["31035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops conirostris pastazae","Krabbe & Stejskal, 2008","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 128 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"far east-central Ecuador (Río Pastaza drainage)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D4272C5",null,null,"Isla Sharamentsa, an island in the rio Pastaza, at 02°29'S, 77°00’W, elevation 180 m, prov. Pastaza, south-east Ecuador, 23 October 1996 by N. Krabbe and D. Stejskal","A new subspecies of Black-striped Sparrow Arretnonops conirostris from south-eastern Ecuador","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164184#page/138/mode/1up","Arremonops conirostris pastazae"],["31036","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops chloronotus","(Salvin, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.202","Green-backed Sparrow","Green-backed Sparrow","Green-backed Sparrow",null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico from Tabasco and northern Chiapas through Yucatan Peninsula (except Cozumel) to north-central Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721398","grbspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grbspa1","avibase-8FDDD147",null,null,"'In Prov. Verae Pacis regione calida ;' type from Choctum, Guatemala, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 450.","Descriptions of Three New Species of Birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/276/mode/1up","Embernagra chloronota"],["31037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops chloronotus chloronotus","(Salvin, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf slope of southeastern Mexico (Tabasco) to Belize and northwestern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A962154",null,null,"'In Prov. Verae Pacis regione calida ;' type from Choctum, Guatemala, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 450.","Descriptions of Three New Species of Birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/276/mode/1up","Embernagra chloronota"],["31038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops chloronotus twomeyi","Monroe, 1963","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 28 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical north-central Honduras (Yoro and Olancho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65AE2A4F",null,null,"Coyoles, Yoro, Honduras.","Notes on the avian genus Arremonops with description of a new subspecies from Honduras.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/20/","Arremonops chloronota twomeyi"],["31039","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus","(Lawrence, 1851)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5 p.112 pl.5 fig.2","Olive Sparrow","Olive Sparrow","Olive Sparrow",null,null,"northern Sinaloa on Pacific slope southward to southeastern Oaxaca and southern Texas on Atlantic slope southward to Chiapas; also Yucatan Peninsula and western Nicaragua to west-central Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721392","olispa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olispa","avibase-EF18C1EC",null,null,"Rio Grande in Texas; type from Brownsville, Texas, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 439.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/138/mode/1up","Embernagra rufivirgata"],["31040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus rufivirgatus","(Lawrence, 1851)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5 p.112 pl.5 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (USA) to eastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0BC6A95",null,null,"Rio Grande in Texas; type from Brownsville, Texas, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 439.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/138/mode/1up","Embernagra rufivirgata"],["31041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus crassirostris","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.38 p.248-249",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Mexico (Veracruz to eastern Puebla and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1F06237",null,null,"Córdoba and Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/272/mode/1up","[Embernagra rufivirgata] (crassirostris)"],["31042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus rhyptothorax","Parkes, 1974","Wilson Bulletin 86, no.3 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal scrub on the northern edge of the Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-093BAF3C",null,null,"5 to 6 km E of Chicxulub Puerto, Yucatan, Mexico","Variation in the Olive Sparrow in the Yucatan Peninsula.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol86/iss3/26/","Arremonops rufivirgatus rhyptothorax"],["31043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus verticalis","(Ridgway, 1878)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.38 p.248-249",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to Petén of northern Guatemala and northern Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C24D0AA3",null,null,"Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/272/mode/1up","[Embernagra rufivirgata] verticalis"],["31044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus sinaloae","Nelson, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (Sinaloa to Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-668BC6DB",null,null,"vicinity of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/54/mode/1up","Arremonops superciliosa sinaloae"],["31045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus sumichrasti","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.762,text",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Mexico (Jalisco to Colima, Michoacán, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB5F359A",null,null,"Huamela, Tehuantepec [= Huamelula, Oaxaca], Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/782/mode/1up","Embernagra sumichrasti"],["31046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus chiapensis","Nelson, 1904","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 17 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (central valley of Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D42CF056",null,null,"San Bartolomé, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of four new birds from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22854#page/170/mode/1up","Arremonops superciliosus chiapensis"],["31047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremonops rufivirgatus superciliosus","(Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.582",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87237800",null,null,"'Costa Rica (Nicoya) ;' type from Bebedero, Guanacaste, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 443.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/678/mode/1up","Embernagra superciliosa"],["31048","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea","Audubon, 1839","A synopsis of the birds of North America p.112",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla bachmani [Audubon, 1833]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 60).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228539#page/128/mode/1up","Peucaea"],["31049","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea sumichrasti","(Lawrence, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10(1874) p.6","Cinnamon-tailed Sparrow","Cinnamon-tailed Sparrow","Cinnamon-tailed Sparrow",null,null,"arid Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Oaxaca and western Chiapas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721232","citspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/citspa1","avibase-97AF502B",null,null,"Tuchitan [= Juchitan], Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/26/mode/1up","Haemophila sumichrasti"],["31050","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea carpalis","Coues, 1873","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7, no.6 p.322,note","Rufous-winged Sparrow","Rufous-winged Sparrow","Rufous-winged Sparrow",null,null,"southeastern Arizona on Pacific slope to southern Sinaloa (west-central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721280","ruwspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwspa","avibase-FC84F301",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.","A new species of Passerculus from Eastern Massachusetts","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/339/mode/1up","Peucaea carpalis"],["31051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea carpalis carpalis","Coues, 1873","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7, no.6 p.322,note",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern Arizona to northwestern Mexico (central Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5C83FB1",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.","A new species of Passerculus from Eastern Massachusetts","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/339/mode/1up","Peucaea carpalis"],["31052","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea carpalis bangsi","(Moore, 1932)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.63 p.232-233",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora to northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5FC9CBA",null,null,"Guirocoba [Huirocoba], Sonora, Mexico.","A new race of Aimophila carpalis from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/254/mode/1up","Aimophila carpalis bangsi"],["31053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea carpalis cohaerens","(Moore, 1946)","The Condor 48, no.3 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (central Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F36B06E",null,null,"Elota, southern Sinaloa, Mexico.","The Rufous-winged Sparrow, its legends and taxonomic status.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol48/iss3/2/","Aimophila carpalis cohaerens"],["31054","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea ruficauda","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.918","Stripe-headed Sparrow","Stripe-headed Sparrow","Stripe-headed Sparrow",null,null,"Pacific slope and western plateau of Mexico from southern Durango (northwestern Mexico) southward through western to central Honduras and northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721224","sthspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthspa1","avibase-B0C2CA36",null,null,"Nicaragua.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/928/mode/1up","Chondestes ruficauda"],["31055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea ruficauda acuminata","(Salvin & Godman, 1886)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Mexico (southern Durango to southeastern Guerrero and southern Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5421073",null,null,"Yuantepec [= Yautepec] , plains of Colima, Acapulco, and between Puebla and Chiatla, Mexico; type from Yautepec, fide Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc), no. 33, p. 371.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/447/mode/1up","Haemophila acuminata"],["31056","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea ruficauda lawrencii","(Salvin & Godman, 1886)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.397",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexico south of Isthmus of Tehuántepec (Oaxaca and western Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD7AC2C6",null,null,"Juchitan, near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/447/mode/1up","Haemophila lawrencii"],["31057","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea ruficauda connectens","(Griscom, 1930)","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Guatemala (arid valley of Río Motagua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00AB7F8D",null,null,"El Progreso, Jalapa, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Aimophila ruficauda connectens"],["31058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea ruficauda ruficauda","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.918",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Guatemala to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-149E13C3",null,null,"Nicaragua.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/928/mode/1up","Chondestes ruficauda"],["31059","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea humeralis","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.132","Black-chested Sparrow","Black-chested Sparrow","Black-chested Sparrow",null,null,"arid highlands of southwestern Mexico (Jalisco to western Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721216","blcspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcspa1","avibase-97A80683",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Tehotepec, Puebla, by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc), no. 33, p. 371.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/148/mode/1up","Haemophila humeralis"],["31060","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea mystacalis","(Hartlaub, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.3","Bridled Sparrow","Bridled Sparrow","Bridled Sparrow",null,null,"arid central plateau of Mexico (Puebla to Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721208","brispa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brispa1","avibase-08253F98",null,null,"Río Frio, between Puebla and Ciudad Mexico, Mexico.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/9/mode/1up","Zonotrichia mystacalis"],["31061","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.214","Botteri's Sparrow","Botteri's Sparrow","Botteri's Sparrow",null,null,"southeastern Arizona and far southern Texas southward through most of Mexico (except north-central, Baja California, and eastern Yucatan Peninsula) to central Guatemala, with disjunct populations in southeastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua, and northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721264","botspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/botspa","avibase-F4C9CD76",null,null,"vicinity of Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico. 1","On a Collection of Birds made by Signor Matteo Botteri in the vicinity of Orizaba in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/226/mode/1up","Zonotrichia botterii"],["31062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii arizonae","Ridgway, 1873","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7, February p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona to northern Mexico (southern Sonora and northern Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE636EDE",null,null,"Nogales, Sonora, Mexico.","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/633/mode/1up","Peucaea aestivalis arizonae"],["31063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii texana","(Phillips, 1943)","The Auk 60, no.2 p.242",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Texas (USA) and northeastern Mexico (eastern Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBE75E96",null,null,"Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas","Critical notes on two south-western Sparrows [Aimophila, Melospiza].","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol60/iss2/10/","Aimophila botterii texana"],["31064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii goldmani","(Phillips, 1943)","The Auk 60, no.2 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (Sinaloa to Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BFF85D5",null,null,"Santiago, southern Nayarit, Mexico.","Critical notes on two south-western Sparrows [Aimophila, Melospiza].","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol60/iss2/10/","Aimophila botterii goldmani"],["31065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii botterii","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.340 p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern highlands of Mexico (southern Puebla to Oaxaca and western Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48FD6E77",null,null,"vicinity of Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico. 1","On a Collection of Birds made by Signor Matteo Botteri in the vicinity of Orizaba in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/226/mode/1up","Zonotrichia botterii"],["31066","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii petenica","(Salvin, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00A342B0",null,null,"plains of Peten, Guatemala; type from Poctun [near British Honduras boundary], fide Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12, p. 694.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/259/mode/1up","Ammodromus petenicus"],["31067","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii spadiconigrescens","(Howell, 1965)","The Auk 82, no.3 p.458",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland pine savanna of northern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D82CA22C",null,null,"15 km. SSW of Waspam, 33 m., Comarca de El Cabo, Nicaragua.","New subspecies of birds from the lowland pine savanna of northeastern Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol82/iss3/5/","Aimophila botterii spadiconigrescens"],["31068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii vantynei","(Webster, 1959)","The Condor 61, no.2 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72ACD384",null,null,"Guatemala City, Guatemala. 2","A revision of the Botteri Sparrow.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol61/iss2/6/","Aimophila botterii vantynei"],["31069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea botterii vulcanica","(Miller & Griscom, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.184 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-951FBBAA",null,null,"Volcán Viejo, 4,500 ft., Chimandega, Nicaragua.","Further notes on Central American birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4368/","Aimophila botterii vulcanica"],["31070","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea cassinii","(Woodhouse, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.2 p.60","Cassin's Sparrow","Cassin's Sparrow","Cassin's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds arid southwestern USA and adjacent northern Mexico; winters to central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721272","casspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casspa","avibase-B58AFD6E",null,null,"near San Antonio, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/82/mode/1up","Zonotrichia cassinii"],["31071","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea aestivalis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.25","Bachman's Sparrow","Bachman's Sparrow","Bachman's Sparrow",null,null,"pine woodland and open areas with dense scrub in southeastern USA mainly from eastern Texas eastward through southern North Carolina and southward to central Florida, with few northward to southern Missouri and southern Virginia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721256","bacspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacspa","avibase-DAD22BB6",null,null,"Georgia., Amer. sept.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/45/mode/1up","Fringilla aestivalis"],["31072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea aestivalis bachmani","(Audubon, 1833)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 2, no.33 pl.165",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine woods of mid-Atlantic states to northern Gulf states",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB9C0F91",null,null,"near Charleston, South Carolina.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/169/","Fringilla bachmani"],["31073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea aestivalis illinoensis","Ridgway, 1879","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 4 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"Indiana and Illinois (formerly), now Arkansas and Kentucky to Texas and southern Louisiana; winters to Gulf coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09A7E573",null,null,"no type locality; Mt. Carmel, Wabash County, Illinois, generally accepted but apparently never specifically designated.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69134#page/235/mode/1up","Peucaea illinoensis"],["31074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Peucaea aestivalis aestivalis","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine woods of eastern South Carolina and eastern Georgia to southern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45BA19F5",null,null,"Georgia., Amer. sept.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/45/mode/1up","Fringilla aestivalis"],["31075","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra taciturna [Hermann, 1783]; type by monotypy = Tanagra taciturna Hermann, 1783  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f38.item","Arremon"],["31076","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.72","Orange-billed Sparrow","Orange-billed Sparrow","Orange-billed Sparrow",null,null,"humid forest and edge of lowlands and hills on Caribbean slope from central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) to southern Belize through Nicaragua, thence both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, and through Andes and adjacent lowlands from central Colombia through Ecuador, and northeastern side of Andes only in San Martín, northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721367","orbspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbspa1","avibase-DDB56D82",null,null,"Panama.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/80/mode/1up","Arremon aurantiirostris"],["31077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris saturatus","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14, no.855 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9703E06",null,null,"Choctum, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/389/mode/1up","Arremon aurantiirostris saturatus"],["31078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris rufidorsalis","Cassin, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Honduras to Nicaragua and Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12E92721",null,null,"Turrialba, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/178/mode/1up","Arremon rufidorsalis"],["31079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris aurantiirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-210F26F4",null,null,"Panama.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/80/mode/1up","Arremon aurantiirostris"],["31080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris strictocollaris","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6299E9EE",null,null,"Sautata, Río Atrato, Chocó, Colombia.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/118/mode/1up","Arremon aurantiirostris strictocollaris"],["31081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris occidentalis","Hellmayr, 1911","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1911, pt.4 p.1118",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-441444C3",null,null,"Condoto, 150 ft., t * Río Condoto, Chocó, Colombia.","A Contribution to the Ornithology of Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98513#page/730/mode/1up","Arremon aurantiirostris occidentalis"],["31082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris santarosae","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EA979F7",null,null,"Santa Rosa, El Oro, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Arremon aurantiirostris santarosae"],["31083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris erythrorhynchus","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.83, pl. 89",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (middle Magdalena, lower Cauca, and upper Sinú valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E1102B0",null,null,"'in Nova Grenada, Bogotá.","Descriptions of four new or little-known Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/851/mode/1up","Arremon erythrorhynchus"],["31084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon aurantiirostris spectabilis","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.114, pl. LXVII",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Putumayo) to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3CB7445",null,null,"[Rio?] Quijos, Ecuador.","List of a Collection of Birds received by Mr. Gould, from the province of Quijos in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/414/mode/1up","Arremon spectabilis"],["31085","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon nigriceps","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.196","Maranon Sparrow","Marañon Sparrow","Maranon Sparrow","2025-1115","Taxon <em>nigriceps </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Arremon abeillei</em> based mostly on plumage, and genomic DNA divergence (Buainain et al. 2022), supported by vocalizations. Plumage differences are commensurate with species status and show an abrupt transition without evidence of intergradation, but a rigorous analysis of vocal differences is lacking.","southeastern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (upper Marañón Valley)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103771846","bkcspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcspa2","avibase-32C316F9",null,null,"Callacate, Cajamarca, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par M. Stolzman, pendant les derniers mois de 1878 et dans la première moitié de 1879.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/268/mode/1up","Arremon nigriceps"],["31086","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon abeillei","Lesson, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.435","Black-capped Sparrow","Black-capped Sparrow","Black-capped Sparrow","2025-1115","Taxon <em>nigriceps </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Arremon abeillei</em> based mostly on plumage, and genomic DNA divergence (Buainain et al. 2022), supported by vocalizations. Plumage differences are commensurate with species status and show an abrupt transition without evidence of intergradation, but a rigorous analysis of vocal differences is lacking.","dry deciduous forest and scrub of lowlands and hills on Pacific slope from Manabí in west-central Ecuador southward to Cajamarca in northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103771714","bkcspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcspa1","avibase-589AC53A",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.","Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/443/mode/1up","Arremon abeillei"],["31087","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon schlegeli","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.488","Golden-winged Sparrow","Golden-winged Sparrow","Golden-winged Sparrow",null,null,"deciduous woodland and scrub of lowlands and hills on west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721372","gowspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowspa1","avibase-A149DC0A",null,null,"Amer. meridionalis; or Caracas, Venezuela, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11 p. 428.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/754/mode/1up","Arremon schlegeli"],["31088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon schlegeli fratruelis","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C388866",null,null,"near Nazaret, 1,500-2,000 ft., Serrania de Macuira, Guajira, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/669/mode/1up","Arremon schlegeli fratruelis"],["31089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon schlegeli canidorsum","Zimmer, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF9401AE",null,null,"San Gil, south of Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.","A new subspecies of Arremon schlegeli.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/157/mode/1up","Arremon schlegeli canidorsum"],["31090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon schlegeli schlegeli","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FC8C862",null,null,"Amer. meridionalis; or Caracas, Venezuela, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11 p. 428.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/754/mode/1up","Arremon schlegeli"],["31091","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon axillaris","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.97","Yellow-mandibled Sparrow","Yellow-mandibled Sparrow","Yellow-mandibled Sparrow","2025-1116","Taxon <em>axillaris </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Arremon taciturnus</em> based on genomic DNA divergence (Buainain et al. 2022), bill color, and vocal frequency (Buainain et al. 2017), supported by minor plumage differences. A more comprehensive analysis of phenotypic and vocal variability would be informative.","base of eastern Andes in Venezuela (Portuguesa southward to eastern Táchira) and Colombia (Boyacá, Casanare and Meta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103771596","pecspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pecspa2","avibase-94135968",null,null,"'in Nova Grenada.","Characters of some New or imperfectly-described Species of Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/391/mode/1up","Arremon axillaris"],["31092","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon taciturnus","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.214","Pectoral Sparrow","Pectoral Sparrow","Pectoral Sparrow","2025-1116","Taxon <em>axillaris </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Arremon taciturnus</em> based on genomic DNA divergence (Buainain et al. 2022), bill color, and vocal frequency (Buainain et al. 2017), supported by minor plumage differences. A more comprehensive analysis of phenotypic and vocal variability would be informative.","humid forest, gallery forest, and woodland in the Orinoco basin and Guiana Shield, from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to eastern Colombia and across central and eastern Amazon basin in Brazil southward to the Cerrado of south-central Brazil, in southern Goias and adjacent Mato Grosso do Sul; also in southeastern Peru, southwestern Brazil, and northern Bolivia, and in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil southward to central-eastern Brazil (southern Espirito Santo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103771491","pecspa3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pecspa3","avibase-A5A38A04",null,null,"Cayenne (vide Stresemann, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 328).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/234/mode/1up","Tanagra taciturna"],["31093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon taciturnus taciturnus","(Hermann, 1783)","Tabula affinitatum animalium (etc.) p.214",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F542962C",null,null,"Cayenne (vide Stresemann, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 328).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120418#page/234/mode/1up","Tanagra taciturna"],["31094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon taciturnus nigrirostris","Sclater, 1886","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 11 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia (eastward to western and northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E34325C",null,null,"Cosñipata, Cuzco, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34361#page/300/mode/1up","Arremon nigrirostris"],["31095","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon semitorquatus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.357","Half-collared Sparrow","Half-collared Sparrow","Half-collared Sparrow",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729332","hacspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hacspa1","avibase-401DC20C",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr. Berlin, p. 1106.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/369/mode/1up","Arremon semitorquatus"],["31096","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon franciscanus","Raposo, 1997","Ararajuba 5 p.3-9","Sao Francisco Sparrow","Sao Francisco Sparrow","Sao Francisco Sparrow",null,null,"eastern Brazil (interior of Minas Gerais and Bahia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728418","safspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/safspa1","avibase-16D083E9",null,null,"Mocambinho (15 05'S, 44 00'W), municipality of Janauba, on the right bank of the São Francisco River, northern Minas Gerais, Brazil","A new species of Arremon (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) from Brazil.","http://www.revbrasilornitol.com.br/BJO/article/view/0601","Arremon franciscanus"],["31097","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon dorbignii","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.306 p.81","Moss-backed Sparrow","Moss-backed Sparrow","Stripe-crowned Sparrow",null,null,"base of the Andes of eastern Bolivia (La Paz to Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (southward to Catamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155185351","sabspa4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabspa4","avibase-F609C135",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/117/mode/1up","Arremon d'orbignii"],["31098","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon flavirostris","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.347","Saffron-billed Sparrow","Saffron-billed Sparrow","Saffron-billed Sparrow",null,null,"deciduous and gallery forest from southern Bolivia and Mato Grosso and Tocantins (central Brazil) southward to northeastern Argentina (to Entre Rios)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/155185342","sabspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabspa1","avibase-98FDE7F4",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to interior of Bahia, by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 429.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/359/mode/1up","Arremon flavirostris"],["31099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon flavirostris flavirostris","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"interior of east-central Brazil (Goiás, Minais Gerais, northern and eastern São Paulo, and adjacent eastern Mato Grosso do Sul; possibly also Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE6CA5C7",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to interior of Bahia, by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 429.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/359/mode/1up","Arremon flavirostris"],["31100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon flavirostris polionotus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (central Santa Cruz southward), south-central Brazil (western São Paulo to Mato Grosso do Sul, southern Mato Grosso and northern and western Paraná), Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85539E0A",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/754/mode/1up","Arremon polionotus"],["31101","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon virenticeps","(Bonaparte, 1855)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 41 p.657","Green-striped Brushfinch","Green-striped Brushfinch","Green-striped Brushfinch",null,null,"montane forest from southern Sinaloa and western Durango southward to Puebla and far northern Guerrero (western and central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721533","gsbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gsbfin1","avibase-86466110",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Desierto de los Leones, near Mexico, D.F., by Moore, 1938, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51, p. 71.","[Principales espèces nouvelles observées lors d'un voyage en Écosse et en Angleterre ; observations et rectifications relatives aux anciennes]'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16555#page/667/mode/1up","Buarremon virenticeps"],["31102","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.97","Chestnut-capped Brushfinch","Chestnut-capped Brushfinch","Chestnut-capped Brushfinch",null,null,"humid montane forest from Guerrero on the Pacific slope (Mexico) and San Luis Potosí on the Gulf slope southward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, in the Sierra de Perijá, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda), and the Andes of western Venezuela southward along all Andes of Colombia to the eastern Andes of Peru to the far southeast (Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721519","ccbfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ccbfin","avibase-5A24AF5E",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Jalapa, Veracruz by Parkes, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 131.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/105/mode/1up","Embernagra brunnei-nucha"],["31103","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha apertus","(Wetmore, 1942)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Sierra de los Tuxtlas of southern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C55A159",null,null,"Cerro de Tuxtla, 2,500 ft., Sierra de Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico.","Descriptions of three additional Birds from southern Vera Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/126/mode/1up","Atlapetes apertus"],["31104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha brunneinucha","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí and Veracruz to northeastern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF6A4D1B",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Jalapa, Veracruz by Parkes, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 131.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/105/mode/1up","Embernagra brunnei-nucha"],["31105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha alleni","(Parkes, 1954)","The Condor 56, no.3 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern El Salvador, Honduras, and western Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CE34577",null,null,"San Juancito, 6,500 ft., Honduras.","A revision of the neotropical finch Atlapetes brunnei-nucha.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol56/iss3/3/","Atlapetes brunnei-nucha alleni"],["31106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha suttoni","(Parkes, 1954)","The Condor 56, no.3 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,"Guerrero to central Oaxaca (southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B2D9961",null,null,"Cumbre, 9,000 ft., 5 mi. northeast Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico.","A revision of the neotropical finch Atlapetes brunnei-nucha.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol56/iss3/3/","Atlapetes brunnei-nucha suttoni"],["31107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha macrourus","(Parkes, 1954)","The Condor 56, no.3 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and southwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9680DB5",null,null,"Volcán Tajumulco, 9,200 ft., San Marcos, Guatemala.","A revision of the neotropical finch Atlapetes brunnei-nucha.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol56/iss3/3/","Atlapetes brunnei-nucha macrourus"],["31108","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha elsae","(Parkes, 1954)","The Condor 56, no.3 p.135",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica to western and central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C7DAD33",null,null,"Volcán de Irazú, 8,000 to 10,000 ft., Costa Rica.","A revision of the neotropical finch Atlapetes brunnei-nucha.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol56/iss3/3/","Atlapetes brunnei-nucha elsae"],["31109","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha frontalis","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far eastern Panama to Colombia, western Venezuela, and southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81359810",null,null,"Peru; restricted to 'eastern wooded region between lat. 8° and 9° S. and Jaen de Bracamoras, Peru' by Friedmann and Deignan, 1942, Zoologica [New York], 27, p. 53; amended to vicinity of Río Vitoc and Río Tulumayo, by Parkes 1954, Condor, 56, p. 135.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/297/mode/1up","Arremon frontalis"],["31110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha allinornatus","(Phelps & Phelps, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.22 p.120-121",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de San Luis (Falcón) and Sierra de Aroa (Yaracuy), in northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FCFB03E",null,null,"San Luis, 1,360 m., Falcón, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/136/mode/1up","Atlapetes brunnei-nucha allinornatus"],["31111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon brunneinucha inornatus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.427",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central Ecuador from southwestern Chimborazo southward to northwestern Azuay (vicinity of Río Chimbo and Río Chanchán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003A53A6",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, and Jima [, ( ?) province], 1 Ecuador.","Descriptions of some new Tanagers of the Genus Buarremon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/475/mode/1up","Buarremon inornatus"],["31112","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon castaneiceps","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.441","Olive Finch","Olive Finch","Olive Finch",null,null,"locally in Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and southeastern Peru",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721572","olifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olifin1","avibase-095A3BA2",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","On some new little-known Birds from the Rio Napo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/551/mode/1up","Buarremon castaneiceps"],["31113","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon crassirostris","(Cassin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.170","Sooty-faced Finch","Sooty-faced Finch","Sooty-faced Finch",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama; a population on Cerro Tacarcuna in far eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia usually considered part of this species, but genetically is closer to Olive Finch Arremon castaneiceps",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721566","soffin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soffin1","avibase-214F5851",null,null,"Barranca, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/178/mode/1up","Buarremon crassirostris"],["31114","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon costaricensis","(Bangs, 1907)","The Auk 24, no.3 p.310","Costa Rican Brushfinch","Costa Rican Brushfinch","Costa Rican Brushfinch",null,null,"highlands of southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724923","sthbrf3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf3","avibase-F17D47AB",null,null,"Boruca, Costa Rica.","On a collection of birds from western Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol24/iss3/5/","Buarremon costaricensis"],["31115","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon phaeopleurus","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.306 p.85","Caracas Brushfinch","Caracas Brushfinch","Caracas Brushfinch",null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua, Miranda, and Distrito Federal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724911","sthbrf6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf6","avibase-F6DD4273",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/121/mode/1up","Buarremon phaeopleurus"],["31116","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon atricapillus","(Lawrence, 1874)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.396","Black-headed Brushfinch","Black-headed Brushfinch","Black-headed Brushfinch",null,null,"humid forest and edge of hills and mountains from central Panama through central and eastern Andes of northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724887","sthbrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf1","avibase-3772DEC8",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/416/mode/1up","Buarremon atricapillus"],["31117","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon atricapillus atricapillus","(Lawrence, 1874)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DC0877D",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/416/mode/1up","Buarremon atricapillus"],["31118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon atricapillus tacarcunae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E3C55BD",null,null,"Mount Tacarcuna, ca. 3,500 ft., eastern Panama.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Buarremon atricapillus tacarcunae"],["31119","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon assimilis","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.67-68","Grey-browed Brushfinch","Gray-browed Brushfinch","Grey-browed Brushfinch",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub in the Andes from western Venezuela and the Serranía de Siruma (Lara), southward along all branches of Andes of Colombia to northern Peru north and west of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru east of the Marañón Valley, southward to southeastern Peru (Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724905","sthbrf8","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf8","avibase-296CB63F",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/77/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon Vieillot; Embernagra Lesson) assimilis"],["31120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon assimilis larensis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.22 p.121-122",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (western Lara and western Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-821451D2",null,null,"Cerro El Cogollal, 1,400 m., Quebrada Arriba, Lara, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/137/mode/1up","Atlapetes torquatus larensis"],["31121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon assimilis assimilis","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.67-68",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Mérida (W Venezuela), and Colombia (all three ranges, but not west slope of western Andes, and southward from Antioquia and Cundinamarca) to Andes of northwestern Peru (Amazonas and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22255B00",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/77/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon Vieillot; Embernagra Lesson) assimilis"],["31122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon assimilis nigrifrons","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical zone of Andes in southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) and northwestern Peru (Piura southward to La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3369B47",null,null,"Las Pinas, 3,600 ft., Alamor Mountains, Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Buarremon assimilis nigrifrons"],["31123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon assimilis poliophrys","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southeastern Peru (Huánuco, Junín, Cusco, and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29895422",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/405/mode/1up","Buarremon poliophrys"],["31124","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon torquatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.34","White-browed Brushfinch","White-browed Brushfinch","White-browed Brushfinch",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub in the Andes from far southeastern Peru (Puno) southward along the Andes of Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103769530","sthbrf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf2","avibase-C6494962",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia; type from Carcuata, vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 421.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/150/mode/1up","Embernagra torquata"],["31125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon torquatus torquatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Peru (southern Puno) and northwestern Bolivia (La Paz and western Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FFE1573",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia; type from Carcuata, vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 421.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/150/mode/1up","Embernagra torquata"],["31126","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon torquatus fimbriatus","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (eastern Cochabamba, western Santa Cruz, and Chuquisaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-742EF414",null,null,"Tujma, 8,200 ft., near Mizque, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Buarremon fimbriatus"],["31127","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon torquatus borellii","(Salvadori, 1897)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 12, no.292 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Bolivia (Tarija) and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A6B8742",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43370#page/148/mode/1up","Buarremon borellii"],["31128","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon phygas","(Berlepsch, 1912)","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1102-1103","Paria Brushfinch","Paria Brushfinch","Paria Brushfinch",null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Monagas, and Sucre)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724917","sthbrf7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf7","avibase-FB16BA4E",null,null,"Los Palmales, Sucre, Venezuela.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Buarremon torquatus phygas"],["31129","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon basilicus","(Bangs, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.159","Sierra Nevada Brushfinch","Sierra Nevada Brushfinch","Sierra Nevada Brushfinch",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724893","sthbrf4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf4","avibase-61060774",null,null,"Pueblo Viejo, 8,000 ft., Magdalena, Colombia.","On some birds from Pueblo Viejo, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/185/mode/1up","Buarremon basilicus"],["31130","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Arremon perijanus","(Phelps & Gilliard, 1940)","American Museum Novitates no.1100 p.6","Perija Brushfinch","Perija Brushfinch","Perija Brushfinch",null,null,"east slope of Andes of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela (Zulia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724899","sthbrf5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sthbrf5","avibase-41B3966D",null,null,"La Sabana, 1,200 m., Río Negro, Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","Six new Birds from the Perijá Mountains of Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4678/","Atlapetes torquatus perijanus"],["31131","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizelloides","Slager & Klicka, 2014","Zootaxa 3821(3) 398-400.",null,null,null,"2025-1119","Taxon <em>arborea </em>(polytypic, including <em>ochracea</em>) is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Spizelloides </em>rather than <em>Passerella </em>based on deep mitochondrial DNA divergence (Klicka et al. 2014), the lack of strong support for <em>S. arborea </em>and <em>P. iliaca</em> as sister species, as well as phenotypic differences between these species.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla arborea [Wilson, A, 1810]",null,"A new genus for the American tree sparrow (Aves: Passeriformes: Passerellidae)","https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3821.3.9","Spizelloides"],["31132","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizelloides arborea","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.123 pl.16 fig.3","American Tree Sparrow","American Tree Sparrow","American Tree Sparrow",null,null,"breeds in open scrub and tundra with scattered shrubs from northern Alaska eastward to northern Labrador (northeastern Canada), southward to northern British Columbia and central Quebec (southern Canada); winters across southern Canada to west-central and eastern USA southward to eastern New Mexico and northern Georgia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721159","amtspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amtspa","avibase-2A86F9C9",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/141/mode/1up","Fringilla arborea"],["31133","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizelloides arborea ochracea","(Brewster, 1882)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and northern Yukon to northern British Columbia; winters to southwestern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BCF3DDE",null,null,"Fort Walla Walla, Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69166#page/244/mode/1up","Spizella monticola ochracea"],["31134","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Spizelloides arborea arborea","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.123 pl.16 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern Canada and Labrador; winters to east-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1E4600E",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/141/mode/1up","Fringilla arborea"],["31135","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla iliaca [Merrem, 1786]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/312/mode/1up","Passerella"],["31136","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca","(Merrem, 1786)","Avium rariorum et minus cognitarum Icones et Descriptiones collectae e germanicus latinae factae fasc.2 p.37, pl.10","Fox Sparrow","Fox Sparrow",null,"2025-1125","The <em>Passerella iliaca</em> complex is treated as a single polytypic species pending publication of current genomic DNA research and updated information on hybrid zone dynamics. Sometimes split into four species based primarily on morphology and mitochondrial DNA data (e.g., Zink 1994; Zink &amp; Weckstein 2003).","breeds in shrubby woodland borders, thickets, and forest from northern Alaska including the eastern Aleutians eastward to Newfoundland (northeastern Canada), southward in western USA to central California and western Utah, and in eastern USA southward to northernmost Maine; winters along the Pacific coast from southwestern Canada southward to northern tier of Mexican states, Atlantic coast from eastern Canada southward to northern Florida, and in southeastern USA southward to the Gulf coast and northern Florida",null,null,null,"foxspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/foxspa","avibase-3A7B1F59",null,null,"America septentrionali [=North America] ; restricted to Quebec by Oberholser, 1946, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 36, p. 389.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176784#page/69/mode/1up","Fringilla iliaca"],["31137","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.875",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Aleutians to Alaska Peninsula; winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-48E4E85C",null,null,"Unalaschca [=Unalaska] , Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/376/mode/1up","Emberiza unalaschcensis"],["31138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca townsendi","(Audubon, 1838)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.85 pl.424, fig.7",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia (Glacier Bay to Haida Gwaii); winters from breeding range southward to central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AB2208F",null,null,"probably vicinity of Fort Vancouver, Washington, vide, J. K. Townsend, 1839, Narr. Journey Rocky Mountains, etc., p. 345.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/435/","Plectrophanes townsendi"],["31139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca fuliginosa","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southeastern Alaska to northwestern Washington; winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FE689B0",null,null,"Neah Bay [Clallam County] , Washington","New species, etc., of American birds. III. Fringillidae (Continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/7/","Passerella iliaca fuliginosa"],["31140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca annectens","Ridgway, 1900","The Auk 17, no.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska (Yakutat Bay region); winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-525CD164",null,null,"Yakutat, Alaska.","New species, etc., of American birds. VI. Fringillidae (Supplement).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss1/7/","Passerella iliaca annectens"],["31141","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca insularis","Ridgway, 1900","The Auk 17, no.1 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska (Kodiak Island group); winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E167502",null,null,"Kodiak [Island] , Alaska.","New species, etc., of American birds. VI. Fringillidae (Supplement).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss1/7/","Passerella iliaca insularis"],["31142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca sinuosa","Grinnell, 1910","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Kenai Peninsula and Prince William Sound; winters to northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E285F97",null,null,"Drier Bay, Knight Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska.","Birds of the 1908 Alexander Alaska expedition with a note on the avifaunal relationships of the Prince William Sound district.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/509/mode/1up","Passerella iliaca sinuosa"],["31143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca chilcatensis","Webster, 1983","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 p.664",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska to northwestern British Columbia (western Canada); winters Oregon coast to northern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0AE5F242",null,null,"7 miles (airline) south-southwest of Klukwan, Alaska, near Tsirky River, about 250 m elevation","A new subspecies of Fox Sparrow from Alaska.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107577#page/696/mode/1up","Passerella iliaca chilcatensis"],["31144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca schistacea","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.488,490",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern British Columbia (Crowsnest Pass) and southwestern Alberta (Waterton Lakes Park) southward through high mountains of the Great Basin region, including north-central and eastern Oregon (Cascade Mountains southward to Warm Springs and Wallowa Mountains), and western Montana (Judith River, Red Lodge) south ward to north-central and northeastern Nevada (mountains of northeastern Humboldt Co. and central Elko Co.) and southwestern Wyoming (Fort Bridger), and western Colorado (Cochetopa Creek); winters along coast, coastal ranges, and both central and southern Sierra Nevada of southern California, northern Baja California, and eastward to southern and central Arizona, northern New Mexico, and western Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24812CCF",null,null,"Platte river, K.T. ; probably between Laramie Crossing and Goodale's Crossing, Nebraska, near northeast corner of Colorado, vide Swarth, 1920, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 21, p. 153.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/552/mode/1up","Passerella schistacea"],["31145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca altivagans","Riley, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.234",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from interior central British Columbia southeastward to mountains of southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta; winters mainly Cascades and Sierra Nevada of California, coastal southern California, and northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0027B839",null,null,"Moose Branch of Smoky River, ca. 7,000 ft., Alberta.","Description of three new birds from Canada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/272/mode/1up","Passerella iliaca altivagans"],["31146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca canescens","Swarth, 1918","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"far east-central California (White Mountains); winters in southern California, northern Baja California, and southern Arizona",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-420254BB",null,null,"Wyman Creek, 8,250 ft., east slope of White Mountains, Inyo County, California.","Three new subspecies of Passerella iliaca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22865#page/205/mode/1up","Passerella iliaca canescens"],["31147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca olivacea","Aldrich, 1943","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 56 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southwestern and south-central British Columbia (Mt. McLean, Nelson) southward through central and eastern Washington on east slopes of Cascade Mountains of Washington, eastward to at least Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon, mountains of northeastern Washington, and probably to northern Idaho and northwestern Montana; winters in interior California (Tehama Co., Piute Mountains) and northern Baja California (Sierra Juárez)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96AD38FD",null,null,"Reflection Lake, 4,900 ft., Mount Rainier, Washington.","A new Fox Sparrow from the north-western United States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/203/mode/1up","Passerella iliaca olivacea"],["31148","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca swarthi","Behle & Selander, 1951","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41, no.11 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from southeastern Idaho (Bannock and Bear Lake Cos.) through north-central Utah (Raft River, Deep Creek, and Wasatch mountains); winter range unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-70D6C798",null,null,"North Fork, Ogden River, 5,200 ft. two miles west of Eden, Weber County, Utah.","The systematic relationships of the Fox Sparrows (Passerella iliaca) of the Wasatch Mountains, Utah, and the Great Basin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122703#page/416/mode/1up","Passerella iliaca swarthi"],["31149","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca megarhyncha","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.925",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Oregon and California (western USA); winters to central, southern California, and northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82ACE0AF",null,null,"Fort Tejon [, Kern County, California].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/989/mode/1up","Passerella megarhynchus"],["31150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca zaboria","Oberholser, 1946","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 36, no.11 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern and interior Alaska, northern Yukon, southwestern Northwest Territories, and far southwestern Nunavut, southward to northern British Columbia eastward to north-central Manitoba; winters east of Great Plains from southeastern Minnesota and central Oklahoma southward to southern Texas and northern Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A8FFE0F",null,null,"Circle, Alaska.","Three new North American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122704#page/448/mode/1up","Passerella iliaca zaboria"],["31151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerella iliaca iliaca","(Merrem, 1786)","Avium rariorum et minus cognitarum Icones et Descriptiones collectae e germanicus latinae factae fasc.2 p.37, pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northeastern Manitoba eastward to northern Newfoundland, southward to north-central Ontario, far northwestern Maine, and southern Newfoundland; winters from southern Wisconsin to coastal Maine, and coastal southern Newfoundland (local) southward to southern Mississippi and northern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6F20F74",null,null,"America septentrionali [=North America] ; restricted to Quebec by Oberholser, 1946, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 36, p. 389.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176784#page/69/mode/1up","Fringilla iliaca"],["31152","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.526",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Junco phaeonotus [Wagler, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/289/mode/1up","Junco"],["31153","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco vulcani","(Boucard, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.57 pl.4","Volcano Junco","Volcano Junco","Volcano Junco",null,null,"volcanic summits of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721094","voljun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/voljun1","avibase-22A64474",null,null,"Volcán de Irazú, 10,000 ft., Costa Rica.","On Birds collected in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/103/mode/1up","Zonotrichia vulcani"],["31154","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco bairdi","Ridgway, 1883","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.360 p.155","Baird's Junco","Baird's Junco","Baird's Junco",null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103777087","yeejun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeejun2","avibase-ED47BE9D",null,null,"Laguna, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/169/mode/1up","Junco bairdi"],["31155","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco insularis","Ridgway, 1876","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (2), 2 p.188","Guadalupe Junco","Guadalupe Junco","Guadalupe Junco",null,null,"oak-pine forest of Guadalupe Island (off western Baja California)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721102","daejun2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daejun2","avibase-31EB349A",null,null,"Isla Guadalupe, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100255#page/258/mode/1up","Junco insularis"],["31156","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco phaeonotus","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.526","Yellow-eyed Junco","Yellow-eyed Junco","Yellow-eyed Junco",null,null,"southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico and central Nuevo León southward through Mexico to Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103778667","yeejun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeejun","avibase-D552A818",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/289/mode/1up","Junco phaeonotus"],["31157","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco phaeonotus palliatus","Ridgway, 1885","The Auk 2, no.4 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA319E21",null,null,"Mount Graham, Arizona.","On Junco cinereus (Swains.) and its geographical races.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol2/iss4/10/","Junco cinereus palliatus"],["31158","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco phaeonotus phaeonotus","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.526",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central and southern Mexico (Jalisco to Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C42E355",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/289/mode/1up","Junco phaeonotus"],["31159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco phaeonotus fulvescens","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (interior of Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C03A1D1D",null,null,"San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Junco fulvescens"],["31160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco phaeonotus alticola","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (southeastern Chiapas) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45BD414C",null,null,"'Guatemala in regione alta (8,000 ped.) [=pine forest, Volcán de Fuego, Sacatepequez, fide Miller, 1941, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 44, p. 388].","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/259/mode/1up","Junco alticola"],["31161","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.183","Dark-eyed Junco","Dark-eyed Junco","Dark-eyed Junco",null,null,"breeds in varied (often coniferous) forest, woodland, and shrubland from northeastern Alaska eastward to Newfoundland and Labrador (northeastern Canada) southward to northern Baja California and New Mexico, and in northeastern USA southward in the Appalachian mountains to northernmost Georgia; winters from south-central Canada southward to northern Baja California and Durango (central Mexico), and in eastern USA southward to the Gulf coast and northern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721097","daejun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daejun","avibase-05FF3C9B",null,null,"Virginia and Carolina in winter; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 345.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/202/mode/1up","Fringilla hyemalis"],["31162","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis aikeni","Ridgway, 1873","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7 p.613,615",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Montana to western South Dakota, northeastern Wyoming, and northwestern Nebraska",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-281ADD9E",null,null,"El Paso County, Colorado [= Turkey Creek, near Fountain, ca. 18 miles southwest of Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado, fide Warren, 1936, Condor, 38, p. 235].","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/630/mode/1up","Junco hyemalis aikeni"],["31163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis hyemalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and Yukon to north-central USA; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4A33602",null,null,"Virginia and Carolina in winter; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 345.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/202/mode/1up","Fringilla hyemalis"],["31164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis carolinensis","Brewster, 1886","The Auk 3, no.1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBFC010B",null,null,"Black Mountain, North Carolina.","An ornithological reconnaissance in western North Carolina.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss1/6/","Junco hyemalis carolinensis"],["31165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis cismontanus","Dwight, 1918","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 38, art.9 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Yukon to west-central Alberta; winters to northern Baja California and central Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DED1C8F9",null,null,"east of the Rocky Mountains ; restricted to Sumas, New Westminster District, lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, by Miller, 1941, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 44, p. 405.","The geographical distribution of colour and of other variable characters in the genus Junco : a new aspect of specific and subspecific values.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1909","Junco hyemalis cismontanus"],["31166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis oreganus","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southeastern Alaska to central British Columbia; winters to central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7D405B9",null,null,"forests near the Columbia River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/226/mode/1up","Fringilla oregana"],["31167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis shufeldti","Coale, 1887","The Auk 4, no.4 p.330",null,null,null,null,null,"west slopes of coastal mountains from southwestern British Columbia to western Oregon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B71AAAE",null,null,"Fort Wingate, New Mexico.","Description of a new subspecies of Junco from New Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss4/9/","Junco hyemalis shufeldti"],["31168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis montanus","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.4 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"interior British Columbia and southwestern Alberta to eastern Oregon, western Montana, and central Idaho",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D99044AD",null,null,"Columbia Falls, Montana.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Junco montanus"],["31169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis thurberi","Anthony, 1890","Zoe: a biological journal 1 no.8 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Oregon and northwestern California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD06B5C",null,null,"Wilson's Peak [= Mount Wilson], San Gabriel Mountains, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14448#page/16/mode/1up","Junco hyemalis thurberi"],["31170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis pinosus","Loomis, 1893","The Auk 10, no.1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal ranges of California (San Francisco to southern Monterey County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-270FC1C6",null,null,"vicinity of Monterey [= Point Pinos, near Pacific Grove, fide Grinnell, 1932, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 38, p. 309], California.","Description of a new Junco from California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol10/iss1/5/","Junco pinosus"],["31171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis pontilis","Oberholser, 1919","The Condor 21, no.3 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Baja California (Sierra Juárez)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED54415D",null,null,"El Rayo, Hanson Laguna Mountains, Sierra Juarez, northern Baja California.","Description of an interesting new Junco from Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol21/iss3/5/","Junco oreganus pontilis"],["31172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis townsendi","Anthony, 1889","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (2), 2 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Baja California (San Pedro Mártir)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59FF27AB",null,null,"Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31479#page/86/mode/1up","Junco townsendi"],["31173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis mutabilis","Van Rossem, 1931","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 no.22 p.329",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern California and southern Nevada (southwestern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84445581",null,null,"Lee Canyon, 8,200 ft., Charleston Mountains, Clark County, Nevada.","Descriptions of new Birds from the mountains of southern Nevada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/423/mode/1up","Junco oreganus mutabilis"],["31174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis mearnsi","Ridgway, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan to eastern Idaho, Montana, and northeastern Wyoming",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14244BD3",null,null,"Fort Bridger, Wyoming.","Note on Junco annectens Baird and J. ridgwayi Mearns.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/28/","Junco mearnsi"],["31175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis caniceps","(Woodhouse, 1853)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.6 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in mountains from southern Idaho eastward to Wyoming, southward to southeastern California, eastern Nevada, and northern Arizona and New Mexico; winters from Utah and Colorado southward to northern Mexico and eastward to southwestern Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D068B5FE",null,null,"San Francisco Mountain, New Mexico [= Arizona].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/224/mode/1up","Struthus caniceps"],["31176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Junco hyemalis dorsalis","Henry, 1858","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Mexico, northern Arizona, and far western Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2C6266F",null,null,"Fort Thorn, New Mexico.","Descriptions of new Birds from Fort Thorn, New Mexico","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/137/mode/1up","Junco dorsalis"],["31177","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.254-257,493",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla pennsylvanica [Latham, 1790]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1832, Giornale Arcadico di Scienze Lett. Arti Roma, 52 (1831), p. 206). = Fringilla albicollis J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/378/mode/1up","Zonotrichia"],["31178","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.165","Rufous-collared Sparrow","Rufous-collared Sparrow","Rufous-collared Sparrow",null,null,"varied grassland, savanna, scrub, cultivated fields, and urban areas from Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) southward through montane areas of Central America to central Panama, mountains of Hispaniola, and Aruba and Curaçao, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Perijá and Santa Marta ranges, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to the southern Andes of Chile and Argentina, from eastern Colombia eastward to the Guianas, and southward through eastern and interior Brazil to Tierra del Fuego; southernmost populations winter to northward",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721079","rucspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucspa1","avibase-A7280FF0",null,null,"'Cape of Good Hope' [= Île de Cayenne, French Guiana, vide Buffon, 1770-1786, Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 109].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/185/mode/1up","Fringilla capensis"],["31179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis septentrionalis","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20A32A0C",null,null,"Chichicastenango, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Zonotrichia capensis septentrionalis"],["31180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis antillarum","(Riley, 1916)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 66, no.15 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"cordillera central of Dominican Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C6CB953",null,null,"Constanza, 5,000 ft., Dominican Republic.","Three remarkable new species of birds from Santo Domingo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94426#page/348/mode/1up","Brachyspiza antillarum"],["31181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis","Allen, 1891","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3, no.2, art.24 p.374",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Costa Rica to western Panama; Andes of western Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecudaor",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFAE78FA",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.","On a collection of birds from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, made by Mr. Herbert H. Smith. Part 1, Oscines.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1614","Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis"],["31182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis insularis","(Ridgway, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba and Curaçao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33B027F3",null,null,"Curaçao.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Brachyspiza capensis insularis"],["31183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis venezuelae","Chapman, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1051 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF56D774",null,null,"Carapas, 5,600 ft., Cerro Turumiquire, northeast Venezuela.","The upper zonal birds of Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5154/","Zonotrichia capensis venezuelae"],["31184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis inaccessibilis","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8C3FF72",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, 1,900 m., headwaters of Río Yatua, Territoria Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/136/mode/1up","Zonotrichia capensis inaccessibilis"],["31185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis perezchinchillorum","(Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1984)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 39 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE68B3E2",null,null,"Del Cerro Marahuaca, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela, 2400 m alt.","Dos nuevas subespecies de Aves (Troglodytidae, Fringillidae) del Cerro Marahuaca, Territorio Amazonas.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/dos-nuevas-subespecies-de-aves-troglodytidae-fringillidae-del-cerro-marahuaca-territorio-amazonas/","Junco capensis perezchinchillae"],["31186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis roraimae","(Chapman, 1929)","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Colombia (Meta) through southern and eastern Venezuela to western Guyana and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05A50F7A",null,null,"Philipp Camp, 6,000 ft., Roraima, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Brachyspiza capensis roraimae"],["31187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis macconnelli","Sharpe, 1900","Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ser.2, vol.8 p.53 pl.4 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"summit of Mt. Roraima, in southeastern Bolívar (southeastern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36737D09",null,null,"summit of Mount Roraima, Bolívar, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34357#page/69/mode/1up","Zonotrichia macconnelli"],["31188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis capensis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana (lower Oyapock River) and adjacent Brazil (Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-388169AC",null,null,"'Cape of Good Hope' [= Île de Cayenne, French Guiana, vide Buffon, 1770-1786, Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 109].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/185/mode/1up","Fringilla capensis"],["31189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis bonnetiana","Stiles, 1995","Lozania 66 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C114F76",null,null,"[Serrania del Chiribiquete, Departamento del Caquetá, Colombia]","Dos nuevas subespecies de aves de la Serrania del Chiribiquete, Departamento del Caqueta, Colombia.",null,"Zonotrichia capensis bonnetiana"],["31190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis tocantinsi","Chapman, 1940","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77, art.8 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (lower Amazonia along Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1B2BE459",null,null,"Baião, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","The post-glacial history of Zonotrichia capensis.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/876","Zonotrichia capensis tocantinsi"],["31191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis novaesi","Oren, 1985","Publicações Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 40 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84335CDF",null,null,"Nl, Serra Norta, Serr dos Carajas, Pará, Brazil, at approx. 700 m alt.","Two new subspecies of birds from the canga vegetation, Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil, and one from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226359#page/99/mode/1up","Zonotrichia capensis novaesi"],["31192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis matutina","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão to Bahia and Mato Grosso) and adjacent eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07CA638F",null,null,"Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/45/mode/1up","Fringilla matutina"],["31193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis subtorquata","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CA6325B",null,null,"near Rio de Janeiro",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/312/mode/1up","Zonotrichia subtorquata"],["31194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis illescasensis","Koepcke, 1963","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 3 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (Cerro Illescas in Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-110F7AA3",null,null,"northern Reventazon, lat. 6° 09' S., long. 80° 59' W., Cerro Illescas, Piura, Peru.","Zur Kenntniss einiger Finken des peruanischen Küstengebietes (mit Beschreibungen neuer Subspezies).",null,"Zonotrichia capensis illescasensis"],["31195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis markli","Koepcke, 1971","Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado, Serie A (ser.A) no.23 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E5107F6",null,null,"Hacienda San Miguel, Piera Noroeste del Peru","Zonotrichia capensis makli nov. subspec. (Fringillidae, Aves), una raza geografica nueva del Gorrion Americano de la Costa Norte del Peru.",null,"Zonotrichia capensis markli"],["31196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis huancabambae","Chapman, 1940","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77, art.8 p.399",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-207E6C45",null,null,"San Felipe, 5,000 ft., Río Huancabamba, Peru.","The post-glacial history of Zonotrichia capensis.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/876","Zonotrichia capensis huancabambae"],["31197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis peruviensis","(Lesson, 1834)","L'institut Journal des Academies et Sociétés Scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger 2, no.72 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal Peru and west slope of Andes (La Libertad to Tacna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFC1894A",null,null,"Callao, Lima, Peru.",null,"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.104886611&seq=354","Pyrgita Peruviensis"],["31198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis pulacayensis","(Ménégaux, 1909)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 14, no.7 p.341",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Junín) to western Bolivia and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-406CB078",null,null,"Pulacayo, 4,200 m., and Pampas de Pazfia, Lago Poopo, Oruro, Bolivia.","Description de deux formes nouvelles d'Oiseaux rapportés de la Bolivie par la mission de Créqui-Montfort.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27194#page/401/mode/1up","Brachyspiza capensis pulacayensis"],["31199","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis carabayae","Chapman, 1940","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77, art.8 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Peru (Junín) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-788C4197",null,null,"Limbani, 10,000 ft., Carabaya, Puno, Peru.","The post-glacial history of Zonotrichia capensis.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/876","Zonotrichia capensis carabayae"],["31200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis antofagastae","Chapman, 1940","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77, art.8 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Chile (Tarapacá and Antofagasta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9504F91E",null,null,"Río Loa, 7,500 ft., Antofagasta, Chile.","The post-glacial history of Zonotrichia capensis.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/876","Zonotrichia capensis antofagastae"],["31201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis arenalensis","(Nores, 1986)","El Hornero 12 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1D158BE",null,null,"Hualfín, Dpto. Belén, Catamarca, Argentina, 270l4'S-66050'W, al1. 1.870 m, marzo 18 - abril 4, 1986; coleccionado por A. Budín.","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Junco capensis arenalensis"],["31202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis sanborni","Hellmayr, 1932","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 19 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Chile (Coquimbo, Aconcagua) and Argentina (San Juan)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DA67F83",null,null,"Baños del Toro, 10,600 ft., Coquimbo, Chile.","The Birds of Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20866#page/87/mode/1up","Zonotrichia capensis sanborni"],["31203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca","(Todd, 1915)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Bolivia (eastern Cochambama, Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, Tarija, possibly also central La Paz), central Paraguay, and llanos of northern Argentina (Salta and La Rioja eastward to Formosa and southward to San Luis, Córdoba, and southern Buenos Aires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A4B8A60",null,null,"Río Bermejo, Salta, Argentina.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/107/mode/1up","Brachyspiza capensis hypoleuca"],["31204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis choraules","(Wetmore & Peters, 1922)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"western Argentina (Mendoza, eastern Neuquén, and Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE1E31B3",null,null,"General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina.","A new genus and four new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/66/mode/1up","Brachyspiza capensis choraules"],["31205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis chilensis","(Meyen, 1834)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Chile (Atacama to Islas Guaitecas) and Andes of southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20981D1C",null,null,"Santiago de Chile.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA88#v=onepage&q=Fringilla%20chilensis&f=false","Fringilla chilensis"],["31206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia capensis australis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.466",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Chile and southern Argentina to Cape Horn; winters northward to Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E260DA8B",null,null,"Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/488/mode/1up","Fringilla australis"],["31207","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia albicollis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.921","White-throated Sparrow","White-throated Sparrow","White-throated Sparrow",null,null,"breeds northern North America; winters to southern USA and northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721085","whtspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtspa","avibase-39BD9FF2",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; based on Edwards, 1760, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 198, pl. 304, 'The white-throated Sparrow.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/422/mode/1up","Fringilla albicollis"],["31208","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia querula","(Nuttall, 1840)","A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, 2nd ed. ed.2, 1 p.555","Harris's Sparrow","Harris's Sparrow","Harris's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds north-central Canada; winters to southern USA",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721082","harspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/harspa","avibase-DDAF0666",null,null,"few miles west of Independence, Missouri.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104213#page/571/mode/1up","Fringilla querula"],["31209","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia atricapilla","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.875","Golden-crowned Sparrow","Golden-crowned Sparrow","Golden-crowned Sparrow",null,null,"breeds Alaska and western Canada; winters to Sonora and Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721091","gocspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gocspa","avibase-BD61BDEC",null,null,"'in Sinu Natka, et insulis Sandwich' ; restricted to Sandwich Sound [= Prince William Sound, Alaska] by Stresemann, 1949, Ibis., 91, n. 249.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/376/mode/1up","Emberiza atricapilla"],["31210","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia leucophrys","(Forster, 1772)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.340","White-crowned Sparrow","White-crowned Sparrow","White-crowned Sparrow",null,null,"breeds in boreal forest, tundra, alpine meadows, dense shrubbery and thickets from northern Alaska eastward (south of Arctic islands) to Newfoundland (northeastern Canada), southward through northern and western USA to southwestern California and northern New Mexico; winters along the Pacific coast from southernmost Alaska southward to southern Baja California, and in western to eastern USA southward to Michoacan and Mexico DF (central Mexico), and in eastern USA southward to southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721088","whcspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcspa","avibase-8601A467",null,null,"Severn River, west shore of Hudson Bay [Ontario]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/447/mode/1up","Emberiza leucophrys"],["31211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii","(Nuttall, 1840)","A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, 2nd ed. ed.2, 1 p.556",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and northern Yukon to south-central Canada; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCA59B9B",null,null,"near Fort Wallah Wallah [= Walla Walla] , Washington.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104213#page/572/mode/1up","Fringilla Gambellii"],["31212","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central California (Mendocino County to Santa Barbara County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCFA4CBC",null,null,"no locality ; Santa Cruz, mid. coast [= Santa Cruz County], California designated by Ridgway, 1901, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 1, p. 342.","New species, etc., of American birds. III. Fringillidae (Continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/7/","Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli"],["31213","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis","Grinnell, 1928","The Condor 30, no.3 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southwestern British Columbia to northwestern California; winters to southwestern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D5921BF",null,null,"Parksville, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.","Notes on the systematics of West American Birds, III.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol30/iss3/4/","Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis"],["31214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha","Oberholser, 1932","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 4 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of southwestern Canada to southwestern USA; winters to southern Baja California and central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D921D07",null,null,"Barley Camp, 6,400 ft., Warner Mountains, 14 miles southwest of Adel, Oregon.","Descriptions of new Birds from Oregon, chiefly from the Warner Valley region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130526#page/12/mode/1up","Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha"],["31215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys","(Forster, 1772)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and eastern Canada to Newfoundland; winters to southeastern USA, Cuba, and Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-873DDCD2",null,null,"Severn River, west shore of Hudson Bay [Ontario]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/447/mode/1up","Emberiza leucophrys"],["31216","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pooecetes","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xx,xxxix,439,447",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla graminea [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Pooecetes"],["31217","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pooecetes gramineus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.922","Vesper Sparrow","Vesper Sparrow","Vesper Sparrow",null,null,"breeds dry grassland and prairie with sparse shrubs from eastern British Colombia eastward to Nova Scotia (northwestern to northeastern Canada), southward to south-central California and New Mexico (southwestern USA), and in northeastern USA southward to far northwestern North Carolina; winters from southern USA southward to southern Baja California, central Oaxaca (southern Mexico), and southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721188","vesspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vesspa","avibase-3647E146",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/423/mode/1up","Fringilla graminea"],["31218","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pooecetes gramineus gramineus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.922",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada and east-central USA; winters to Texas and Gulf Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84E6A0CE",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/423/mode/1up","Fringilla graminea"],["31219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pooecetes gramineus confinis","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada to southwestern USA; winters to southern Mexico (Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFD96467",null,null,"western United States; restriction to Loup Fork of the Platte River, Nebraska, generally accepted, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 643.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/512/mode/1up","Poocaetes gramineus confinis"],["31220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pooecetes gramineus affinis","Miller, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.404",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Washington and western Oregon; winters to northwestern Baja",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-002EF00D",null,null,"Salem, Oregon.","Description of an apparently new Poocaetes from Oregon.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/13/","Poocaetes gramineus affinis"],["31221","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Artemisiospiza","Klicka & Banks, 2011","Zootaxa 2793 67-68",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza belli [Cassin, 1850]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Artemisiospiza"],["31222","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Artemisiospiza nevadensis","(Ridgway, 1874)","A history of North American birds. Land birds 1 p.594-595, 590 (in key), pl.26 fig.9","Sagebrush Sparrow","Sagebrush Sparrow","Sagebrush Sparrow",null,null,"sagebrush and saltbush of Great Basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103780166","sagspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sagspa1","avibase-55572EBE",null,null,"entire area of Middle Provinces of the U. S., east to Green River, Wyoming; northward resident to beyond the parallel of 40° ; type from West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, vide Ridgway, loc. cit., p. 198.","Catalogue of the Birds known to occur in Colorado; distinguishing (with an asterisk) those which have been ascertained to breed within the limits of the territory, and approximately indicating their range during the breeding season'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31735#page/626/mode/1up","Poospiza belli var. nevadensis"],["31223","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Artemisiospiza belli","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.104 pl.4","Bell's Sparrow","Bell's Sparrow","Bell's Sparrow",null,null,"sage and chaparral of coastal northern and interior south-central California eastward to southwestern Nevada and southward through south-central Baja California, and San Clemente Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103780113","belspa2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belspa2","avibase-87878948",null,null,"near Sonoma, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/124/mode/1up","Emberiza belli"],["31224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Artemisiospiza belli canescens","(Grinnell, 1905)","The Condor 7, no.1 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"interior south-central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAD22AE3",null,null,"Seymour Creek Meadow, Mount Pinos, Ventura County, California.","The California Sage Sparrow.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol7/iss1/7/","Amphispiza belli canescens"],["31225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Artemisiospiza belli belli","(Cassin, 1850)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, no.5 p.104 pl.4",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California including San Clemente Island (southwestern USA), and northwestern Baja California (northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CD1897C",null,null,"near Sonoma, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17633#page/124/mode/1up","Emberiza belli"],["31226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Artemisiospiza belli cinerea","(Townsend, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Baja California to Vizcaino Peninsula of northwestern Baja California Sur",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BECD5F9D",null,null,"Bahia de Ballenas, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/168/mode/1up","Amphispiza belli cinerea"],["31227","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Oriturus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriturus mexicanus [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1856, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, p. 413). = Aimophila superciliosa Swainson, 1838",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/725/mode/1up","Oriturus"],["31228","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Oriturus superciliosus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.314","Striped Sparrow","Striped Sparrow","Striped Sparrow",null,null,"eastern Sonora and west-central Chihuahua southward to Jalisco and across transvolcanic belt to west-central Veracruz and southern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721301","strspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strspa1","avibase-A0B9829C",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/326/mode/1up","Aimophila superciliosa"],["31229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Oriturus superciliosus palliatus","(Van Rossem, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental from Sonora to Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A81282D",null,null,"near Tutuaca, 9,500 ft., Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/165/mode/1up","Plagiospiza superciliosa palliata"],["31230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Oriturus superciliosus superciliosus","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"humid oak-pine forest of southern Central Plateau of Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5919F7BA",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/326/mode/1up","Aimophila superciliosa"],["31231","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Oriolus caudacutus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation",null,"Notes of the Nomenclature of Certain Genera of Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/136/mode/1up","Ammospiza"],["31232","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza leconteii","(Audubon, 1844)","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.338, pl.488","LeConte's Sparrow","LeConte's Sparrow","LeConte's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds prairies of central North America; winters to Gulf States",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721135","lecspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lecspa","avibase-B656B15D",null,null,"prairies of upper Missouri River.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/484/mode/1up","Emberiza le conteii"],["31233","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 4 p.68 pl.34 fig.2","Seaside Sparrow","Seaside Sparrow","Seaside Sparrow",null,null,"tidal marshes along the Atlantic coast from southern Maine southward to northern Florida, locally in southern Florida, and westward along the Gulf coast to southern Texas and far northeastern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721123","seaspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/seaspa","avibase-0F81304F",null,null,"sea islands along our Atlantic coast ; restricted to Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, by Oberholser, 1931, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 44, p. 124.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175531#page/86/mode/1up","Fringilla maritima"],["31234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima maritima","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 4 p.68 pl.34 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds saltmarshes from Massachusetts to northern North Carolina; winters to northeastern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43DFD9B4",null,null,"sea islands along our Atlantic coast ; restricted to Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, by Oberholser, 1931, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 44, p. 124.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175531#page/86/mode/1up","Fringilla maritima"],["31235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii","(Audubon, 1834)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 2 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"saltmarshes from northern North Carolina to southern Georgia (formerly to northern Florida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0A7B2EB",null,null,"Charleston, South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103785#page/321/mode/1up","Fringilla macgillivraii"],["31236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima fisheri","(Chapman, 1899)","The Auk 16, no.1 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"marshes of Gulf Coast (San Antonio Bay to Alabama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D686ABB",null,null,"Grande Isle, Louisiana.","The distribution and relationships of Ammodramus maritimus and its allies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/1/","Ammodramus maritimus fisheri"],["31237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima sennetti","(Allen, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.3 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"marshes of Gulf Coast of southern Texas (Aransas County to Nueces Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E33FE26",null,null,"Corpus Christi, Texas.","Descriptions of two new subspecies of the Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/12/","Ammodramus maritimus sennetti"],["31238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima peninsulae","(Allen, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.3 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"saltmarshes of western Florida (Dixie County to Old Tampa Bay) and Gulf Coast of northern Florida (Escambia County to Taylor County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-655904AB",null,null,"Tarpon Springs, Florida.","Descriptions of two new subspecies of the Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/12/","Ammodramus maritimus peninsulae"],["31239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima nigrescens","(Ridgway, 1874)","Bulletin of the Essex Institute 5, no.12 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly saltmarshes of eastern coastal and eastern Florida; extinct","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF1E9455",null,null,"Indian River, southern Florida","On some new forms of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35566#page/206/mode/1up","Ammodromus maritimus nigrescens"],["31240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza maritima mirabilis","(Howell, 1919)","The Auk 36, no.1 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"marshes of southwestern Florida (Everglades to Cape Sable)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2E5974A",null,null,"Cape Sable, Florida.","Description of a new Seaside Sparrow from Florida.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss1/9/","Thryospiza mirabilis"],["31241","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza caudacuta","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.394","Saltmarsh Sparrow","Saltmarsh Sparrow","Saltmarsh Sparrow",null,null,"breeds in tidal saltmarshes along the Atlantic coast of the USA from southern Maine southward to Virginia; winters from Maryland southward to northern Florida, on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721129","sstspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sstspa","avibase-79C9C8C4",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/406/mode/1up","Oriolus caudacutus"],["31242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza caudacuta caudacuta","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.394",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds marshes of southern Maine to southern New Jersey; winters to southern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FF3FE40",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/406/mode/1up","Oriolus caudacutus"],["31243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza caudacuta diversa","(Bishop, 1901)","The Auk 18, no.3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southern New Jersey to North Carolina; winters to Florida Gulf Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C81F470",null,null,"Wanchese, Roanoke Island, North Carolina.","A new Sharp-tailed Finch from North Carolina.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss3/8/","Ammodramus caudacutus diversus"],["31244","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza nelsoni","(Allen, 1875)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 17, pt.3 p.293","Nelson's Sparrow","Nelson's Sparrow","Nelson's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds in freshwater marshes, sedge bogs, wet grassland, and tidal wetlands of north-central Canada, from southern Northwest Territories southward to far northeastern South Dakota and western Minnesota, on the southern coast of Hudson Bay (east-central Canada), and on the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (eastern Quebec) southward to coastal Massachusetts (northeastern USA); winters on the Atlantic coast of USA from Delaware southward to southern Florida and the Gulf coast to eastern Texas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728393","nstspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nstspa","avibase-727D994F",null,null,"Calumet Marshes, Ainsworth [= South Chicago] , Illinois.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130650#page/305/mode/1up","Ammodromus caudacutus nelsoni"],["31245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza nelsoni nelsoni","(Allen, 1875)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 17, pt.3 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western North America (southern Canada to northern USA; winters to northwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6B84BEE",null,null,"Calumet Marshes, Ainsworth [= South Chicago] , Illinois.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130650#page/305/mode/1up","Ammodromus caudacutus nelsoni"],["31246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza nelsoni altera","Todd, 1938","The Auk 55, no.1 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Canada (southern James Bay and western Quebec); winters to northern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42E011A1",null,null,"Eastmain, James Bay, Quebec.","Two new races of North American Birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol55/iss1/15/","Ammospiza caudacuta altera"],["31247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Ammospiza nelsoni subvirgata","(Dwight, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.3 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Quebec to Nova Scotia and eastern Maine; winters South Carolina to northern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F201EF4",null,null,"Hillsborough, Albert County, New Brunswick.","A new race of the Sharp-tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/9/","Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus"],["31248","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus","Bonaparte, 1838","A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America p.33",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla savanna [Wilson, A, 1811]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 46).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71558#page/45/mode/1up","Passerculus"],["31249","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.875","Savannah Sparrow","Savannah Sparrow",null,"2025-1126","The <em>Passerculus sandwichensis</em> complex is treated as a single polytypic species pending publication of current genomic DNA research. Sometimes split into four species based on morphology and mitochondrial DNA data (e.g., Benham &amp; Cheviron 2019); however, divergence of most taxa is modest and not all taxa have been recovered as reciprocally monophyletic.","breeds in grassland and cultivated fields from northern Alaska (including the Aleutians) and northern Canada (south of the Arctic Islands) southward along the west coast to southern Baja California, and to northwestern Sinaloa (northwestern Mexico), in eastern USA southward to northern Georgia, in montane north-central Mexico (Chihuahua to Michoacan), in the volcanic belt eastward to western Veracruz, and locally in western Guatemala; winters from southern third of the USA throughout Mexico to western Honduras, and southern Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba (scarce)",null,null,null,"savspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/savspa","avibase-31CE00C7",null,null,"Unalaska, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/376/mode/1up","Emberiza sandwichensis"],["31250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis princeps","Maynard, 1872","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 6 no.10 p.637",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Sable Island (Nova Scotia); winters coastal Massachusetts to Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-710D51E9",null,null,"Ipswich, Massachusetts.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129185#page/656/mode/1up","Passerculus princeps"],["31251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis labradorius","Howe, 1901","Contributions to North American ornithology 1 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central Canada and north-central USA eastward to eastern Quebec, Labrador, and Newfoundland; winters to southeastern Texas and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C738C7BD",null,null,"Lance [= L'Anse] au Loup, Labrador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/257493#page/3/mode/1up","Passerculus sandwichensis labradorius"],["31252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis savanna","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.55 pl.22 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Canada (Ontario to Gaspé Peninsula), Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Magdalen Island, and northeastern USA; winters to southeastern USA and Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05864EB3",null,null,"Atlantic coast, from Savannah [, Georgia] to Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey; Savannah, Georgia accepted as restricted type locality, vide, Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 486.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/67/mode/1up","Fringilla savanna"],["31253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis anthinus","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.920",null,null,null,null,null,"Aleutians and northern Alaska to southeastern Alaska (Alexander Archipelago), adjacent mainland Alaska, and southwestern Canada; winters to Baja California and southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51B1D3D4",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/930/mode/1up","Passerculus athinus"],["31254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.875",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Amutka Island, eastern Aleutians, and western Alaskan Peninsula; winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2AD5D271",null,null,"Unalaska, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/376/mode/1up","Emberiza sandwichensis"],["31255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis brooksi","Bishop, 1915","The Condor 17, no.5 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Vancouver Island and coastal southwestern British Columbia to northwestern California; winters to Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDE4DE20",null,null,"Chilliwack, British Columbia.","Description of a new race of Savannah Sparrow and suggestions on some California birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol17/iss5/5/","Passerculus sandwichensis brooksi"],["31256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.918",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern California (Humboldt to San Luis Obispo County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAC6AC38",null,null,"California ; probably San Francisco, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 490.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/928/mode/1up","Passerculus alaudinus"],["31257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis","Grinnell, 1910","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Great Basin and Great Plains of North America; winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4CD0FAD",null,null,"Soldier Meadows, Humboldt County, Nevada.","The Savannah Sparrow of the Great Basin (Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis subsp. n.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/406/mode/1up","Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis"],["31258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis brunnescens","(Butler, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.3 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"central Arizona and northern New Mexico to southern Mexico (Jalisco, Puebla, Guerrero, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E30F6A7",null,null,"Valley of Mexico, Mexico.","On a new subspecies of Ammodramus sandwichensis from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss3/8/","Ammodramus sandwichensis brunnescens"],["31259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of far southwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ADC4A26",null,null,"Hacienda Chancol, 10,000 ft., Guatemala.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/167/mode/1up","Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei"],["31260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.458 p.516",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California (Santa Barbara County) to northern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F49F9854",null,null,"San Diego, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/532/mode/1up","Passerculus beldingi"],["31261","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis anulus","Huey, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 no.10 p.204",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahía Vizcaino area of Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-849913A3",null,null,"Scammon Lagoon, lat. 27° 54' N., long. 114° 18' W., Baja California.","Comment on the Marsh Sparrows of southern and Lower California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/280/mode/1up","Passerculus sandwichensis anulus"],["31262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis guttatus","Lawrence, 1867","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.473",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Baja California (Laguna San Ignacio region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21714FC7",null,null,"San Jose [del Cabo], Baja California.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/493/mode/1up","Passerculus guttatus"],["31263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis magdalenae","Van Rossem, 1947","The Condor 49, no.3 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Baja California (Bahia Magdalena region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1055392",null,null,"North Estero, Bahia Magdalenae, Baja California.","A synopsis of the Savannah Sparrows of north-western Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol49/iss3/2/","Passerculus sandwichensis magdalenae"],["31264","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis sanctorum","Coues, 1884","Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland. 2nd ed. p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"San Benito Islands (off western Baja California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A2CCEDE",null,null,"Isla San Benito, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186198#page/406/mode/1up","Passerculus sanctorum"],["31265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Baja California (mouth of Colorado River and adjacent Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04E6BBBE",null,null,"seashore at San Diego, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/206/mode/1up","Emberiza rostrata"],["31266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Passerculus sandwichensis atratus","Van Rossem, 1930","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6 no.14 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Mexico (central Sonora to central Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3DB78EA",null,null,"Bahia Tobari [= Estero de Huivuilay] , southern Sonora.","Four new Birds from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28523#page/294/mode/1up","Passerculus sandwichensis atratus"],["31267","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Centronyx","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.440",null,null,null,"2025-1124","Taxa <em>bairdii </em>(monotypic) and <em>henslowii </em>(polytypic, including <em>susurrans</em>) are placed in the genus <em>Centronyx </em>based on available evidence. Previously included in <em>Ammodramus</em>, however this group was recovered as polyphyletic based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Klicka &amp; Spellman 2007; Klicka et al. 2014; Barker et al. 2015). Although <em>bairdii </em>and <em>henslowii </em>were recovered as sister taxa (albeit with weak support) their phylogenetic affinities remain poorly resolved. This precludes their transfer to a sister genus (e.g., <em>Passerculus</em>) pending further research, while recognition of a broad <em>Passerculus </em>(subsuming <em>Centronyx</em>, <em>Melospiza </em>and <em>Xenospiza</em>) is considered too heterogeneous and unnecessarily disruptive to generic stability among New World sparrows.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Emberiza bairdii [Audubon, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Centronyx"],["31268","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Centronyx bairdii","(Audubon, 1844)","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.359 pl.500","Baird's Sparrow","Baird's Sparrow","Baird's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds Great Plains of North America; winters to southwestern USA and northern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721141","baispa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baispa","avibase-67EFC061",null,null,"wet portions of prairies of upper Missouri [=Fort Union, North Dakota, vide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51, p. 18] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/531/mode/1up","Emberiza bairdii"],["31269","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Centronyx henslowii","(Audubon, 1829)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1, no.14 pl.70","Henslow's Sparrow","Henslow's Sparrow","Henslow's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds tall grassland with forbs, including coastal marshes, in central and eastern USA from southeastern Minnesota eastward to New York State, and very locally in southern Ontario (southeastern Canada), southward to northeastern Oklahoma and Maryland; winters in southern USA, from eastern Texas eastward to southern North Carolina and Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721138","henspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/henspa","avibase-CDA2F827",null,null,"opposite Cincinnati, in state of Kentucky.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/71/","Emberiza henslowii"],["31270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Centronyx henslowii susurrans","(Brewster, 1918)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds New York to southern New Hampshire, eastern West Virginia, and eastern North Carolina; winters to central Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA63FAD5",null,null,"Falls Church, Fairfax County, Virginia.","An undescribed race of Henslow's Sparrow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/88/mode/1up","Passerherbulus henslowii susurrans"],["31271","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Centronyx henslowii henslowii","(Audubon, 1829)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 1, no.14 pl.70",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central USA; winters to Texas, Louisiana, and northern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C8F5753",null,null,"opposite Cincinnati, in state of Kentucky.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/71/","Emberiza henslowii"],["31272","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Xenospiza","Bangs, 1931","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 12 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Xenospiza baileyi [Bangs, 1931]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Xenospiza"],["31273","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Xenospiza baileyi","Bangs, 1931","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 12 p.87","Sierra Madre Sparrow","Sierra Madre Sparrow","Sierra Madre Sparrow",null,null,"locally in montane pine forest of central Mexico",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721153","simspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/simspa1","avibase-BCDBE331",null,null,"Bolanos, Jalisco, Mexico.","A new genus and species of American buntings.",null,"Xenospiza baileyi"],["31274","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xx,xl,440,476",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla melodia [Wilson, A, 1810]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Melospiza"],["31275","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.125 pl.16 fig.4","Song Sparrow","Song Sparrow","Song Sparrow",null,null,"breeds in varied woodland, shrubby, and wetland habitats from Pacific coast of southern Alaska (including the Aleutians) eastward to Newfoundland (northeastern Canada), southward in southwestern USA to central Baja California and northern Sonora (northwestern Mexico), locally in western Mexico and in the volcanic belt of central Mexico, and in eastern USA southward to northern Georgia and western South Carolina; largely resident, but some wintering to northeastern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721058","sonspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sonspa","avibase-A5F09E05",null,null,"'every district of the United States from Canada to the southern boundaries of Georgia'; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Todd, 1930, Auk, 47, p. 257.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/143/mode/1up","Fringilla melodia"],["31276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia maxima","Gabrielson & Lincoln, 1951","The Condor 53, no.5 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"Aleutians (Attu to Atka)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A5E4F38",null,null,"Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island, Alaska.","The races of Song Sparrows in Alaska.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol53/iss5/4/","Melospiza melodia maxima"],["31277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia sanaka","McGregor, 1900","The Condor 3, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Aleutians (Seguam to Amak), Alaska Peninsula eastward to Stepovak Bay, and islands south of peninsula (Sanak eastward to Semidi islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D79F33C",null,null,"Sanak Island, Alaska.","New Alaska Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol3/iss1/4/","Melospiza sanaka"],["31278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia insignis","Baird, 1869","Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1 p.319 pl.29 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Kodiak Group (Sitkalidak Island to Barren Islands) and adjacent Alaskan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFEB74BD",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.",null,"https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Transactions_of_the_Chicago_Academy_of_S/sCHSAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=inauthor:%22Chicago+Academy+Of+Sciences%22&printsec=frontcover","Melospiza insignis"],["31279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia kenaiensis","Ridgway, 1900","The Auk 17, no.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Alaska (Cook Inlet to Copper River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8FEC3BB3",null,null,"Port Graham, Cook's Inlet, Alaska.","New species, etc., of American birds. VI. Fringillidae (Supplement).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss1/7/","Melospiza melodia kenaiensis"],["31280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia caurina","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southeastern Alaska (Yakutat Bay to Cross Sound); winters to northern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FD596B7",null,null,"Yakutat, Alaska.","New species, etc., of American birds. III. Fringillidae (Continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/7/","Melospiza fasciata caurina"],["31281","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia rufina","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds outer islands of southeastern Alaska to central British Columbia; winters to western Washington",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC02D2DB",null,null,"Sitka, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/737/mode/1up","Passerella rufina"],["31282","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia merrilli","Brewster, 1896","The Auk 13, no.1 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska (Glacier Bay) and central British Columbia to southwestern Alberta and northwestern Montana; winters to central California and northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F8A4477E",null,null,"Fort Sherman, Idaho.","Descriptions of a new Warbler and a new Song Sparrow.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol13/iss1/10/","Melospiza fasciata merrilli"],["31283","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia morphna","Oberholser, 1899","The Auk 16, no.2 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon; winters to central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-710F1B4F",null,null,"woody districts of the Columbia . . . far south as Upper California [= Columbia River = Fort Vancouver, Washington, vide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51, p. 19].","The Names of the Song Sparrows","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss2/21/","Melospiza melodia morphna"],["31284","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia cleonensis","McGregor, 1899","Bulletin of the Cooper Ornithological Club 1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern coastal Oregon to northern California (western Mendocino County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9477D28D",null,null,"Westport, Mendocino County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206766#page/109/mode/1up","Melospiza melodia cleonensis"],["31285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia gouldii","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.477,479",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central California (Mendocino County to northern San Benito County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E38FE3F",null,null,"California ; restricted to five miles west of Inverness, toward Point Reyes, Marin County, by Grinnell, 1909, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 5, p. 267.'",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/541/mode/1up","Melospiza gouldii"],["31286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia samuelsis","(Baird, 1858)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 6 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"saltmarshes of central California (San Pablo and San Francisco bays)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85683495",null,null,"Petaluma [, Sonoma County] , California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37038#page/387/mode/1up","Ammodramus Samuelis"],["31287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia maxillaris","Grinnell, 1909","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"brackish marshes of central California (Suisun Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67FEAE41",null,null,"tule marsh west of Suisun, Solano County, California.","Three new Song Sparrows from California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/337/mode/1up","Melospiza melodia maxillaris"],["31288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia pusillula","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"saltmarshes of central California (south side of San Francisco Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01E78084",null,null,"Alameda County, California.","New species, etc., of American birds. III. Fringillidae (Continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/7/","Melospiza fasciata pusillula"],["31289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia graminea","Townsend, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"California Channel Islands (San Clemente, San Miguel, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Anacapa) off southern California and Los Coronados Islands, west of Baja California; formerly also Santa Barbara Island (Channel Islands), but now extirpated",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA1A4B79",null,null,"Santa Barbara Island, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/171/mode/1up","Melospiza fasciata graminea"],["31290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia heermanni","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.477,478",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southwestern California (including the Central Valley) and northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4CDAC203",null,null,"Tejon Valley, California (in winter) [= all seasons].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/541/mode/1up","Melospiza heermanni"],["31291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia rivularis","Bryant, 1888","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (2), 1 p.197",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E853E196",null,null,"Comondu, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87976#page/207/mode/1up","Melospiza fasciata rivularis"],["31292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia fallax","(Baird, 1854)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.3 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Nevada and southwestern Utah southward to southeastern California, northeastern Baja California, and northeastern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83CB15ED",null,null,"Pueblo Creek [= Walnut Creek; lat. 35° N., long. 113° W.], New Mexico [= Arizona] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/141/mode/1up","Zonotrichia fallax"],["31293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia goldmani","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico (El Salto area of Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08D87773",null,null,"El Salto [, Sierra Madre Occidental] , Durango, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Melospiza goldmani"],["31294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia mexicana","Ridgway, 1874","A history of North American birds. Land birds 2 p.18,note",null,null,null,null,null,"wetlands of central Mexico (Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Distrito Federal, and México)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-904ED4DD",null,null,"Puebla, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31752#page/28/mode/1up","Melospiza melodia var. mexicana"],["31295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia villai","Phillips & Dickerman, 1957","The Auk 74, no.3 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico (upper Río Lerma), southeastern Guanajuato and northwestern Michoacán",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-592D3140",null,null,"six miles north-northeast of Amoloya del Río (nine km. south-southeast of Lerma), Mexico, Mexico.","Notes on the song sparrows of the Mexican Plateau.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol74/iss3/8/","Melospiza melodia villai"],["31296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia adusta","Nelson, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1AB718C",null,null,"Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/5/","Melospiza adusta"],["31297","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia montana","Henshaw, 1884","The Auk 1, no.3 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern Oregon and northeastern California to central Montana, western Colorado, northeastern Arizona, and northern New Mexico; winters to central California and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98641CE7",null,null,"Fort Bridger, Utah [= Wyoming] .","Description of a new Song Sparrow from the southern border of the United States.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/4/","Melospiza fasciata montana"],["31298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia melodia","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.125 pl.16 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northeastern British Columbia to eastern Canada, and northeastern Montana to northern Arkansas and western North Carolina; winters southward to Texas and southeastern USA including Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80B46CF5",null,null,"'every district of the United States from Canada to the southern boundaries of Georgia'; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Todd, 1930, Auk, 47, p. 257.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/143/mode/1up","Fringilla melodia"],["31299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza melodia atlantica","Todd, 1924","The Auk 41, no.1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal New York (Long Island) to North Carolina; winters to northern Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-074E219E",null,null,"Smith's Island [, Northampton County], Virginia.","A new Song-Sparrow from Virginia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol41/iss1/17/","Melospiza melodia atlantica"],["31300","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza georgiana","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.460","Swamp Sparrow","Swamp Sparrow","Swamp Sparrow",null,null,"breeds varied freshwater and salt marshes from northwestern and northeastern Canada, including Newfoundland, southward to northeastern Nebraska, and along the Appalachian mountains to West Virginia; winters in southern and eastern USA southward to northeastern Mexico (straggling farther south) and central Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721070","swaspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swaspa","avibase-4E192262",null,null,"Georgiae americanae interioribus [= Georgia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/482/mode/1up","Fringilla georgiana"],["31301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza georgiana ericrypta","Oberholser, 1938","State of Louisiana Department of Conservation Bulletin 28 p.675",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern and central Canada; winters to southern USA and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-539985E9",null,null,"Fort McMurray, Alberta.","The Bird Life of Louisiana.",null,"Melospiza georgiana ericrypta"],["31302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza georgiana georgiana","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds North Dakota to Nova Scotia and northeastern USA; winters to southern Texas and Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE2A0C06",null,null,"Georgiae americanae interioribus [= Georgia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/482/mode/1up","Fringilla georgiana"],["31303","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza georgiana nigrescens","Bond & Stewart, 1951","Wilson Bulletin 63, no.1 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic coast from New Jersey to Maryland",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22D43DA1",null,null,"Nanticoke River marshes (opposite Vienna), Wicomico County, Maryland.","A new Swamp Sparrow from the Maryland Coastal plain.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol63/iss1/6/","Melospiza georgiana nigrescens"],["31304","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza lincolnii","(Audubon, 1834)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 2, no.39 pl.193","Lincoln's Sparrow","Lincoln's Sparrow","Lincoln's Sparrow",null,null,"breeds in boggy woodland and willows from western Alaska to Newfoundland (northeastern Canada), southward through mountains of western USA to southern California and northern New Mexico, and southward in eastern Canada to northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota; winters in shrubby woodland along the Pacific coast of the USA southward to Baja California and from the southern USA across most of Mexico (rare on Yucatan Peninsula), southeastward to southeastern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721064","linspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linspa","avibase-AF49F890",null,null,"Labrador [=near mouth of Natashquan River, Quebec, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 593].",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/197/","Fringilla Lincolnii"],["31305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii","(Audubon, 1834)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 2, no.39 pl.193",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northwestern Alaska to Canada and northern USA; winters to Baja California and Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-342944C6",null,null,"Labrador [=near mouth of Natashquan River, Quebec, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 593].",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/197/","Fringilla Lincolnii"],["31306","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza lincolnii gracilis","(Kittlitz, 1858)","Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka 1 p.199",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southern Alaska and central British Columbia; winters to central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7C57A81",null,null,"Sitka [, Alaska].",null,null,"Emberiza (Zonotrichia) gracilis"],["31307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melospiza lincolnii alticola","(Miller & McCabe, 1935)","The Condor 37, no.3 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of Oregon to Arizona and New Mexico; winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83ED600F",null,null,"Bluff Lake, 7,400 ft., San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, California.","Racial differentiation in Passerella (Melospiza) lincolnii.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol37/iss3/3/","Passerella lincolnii alticola"],["31308","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipilo rufescens [Swainson, 1827]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 46).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/311/mode/1up","Aimophila"],["31309","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila notosticta","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.322","Oaxaca Sparrow","Oaxaca Sparrow","Oaxaca Sparrow",null,null,"arid highlands of southern Mexico (central Oaxaca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721291","oaxspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oaxspa1","avibase-D787A400",null,null,"central Mexico ; probably Puebla, fide Salvin and Godman, 1886, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 393.","Descriptions of New or little-known American Birds of the Families Fringillidae, Oxyrhamphidae, Bucconidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/402/mode/1up","Peucaea notosticta"],["31310","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.434","Rusty Sparrow","Rusty Sparrow","Rusty Sparrow",null,null,"Pacific slope from northern Sonora southward to Nayarit and central Tamaulipas on Caribbean slope, thence across transvolcanic belt and through Mexico (except Yucatan Peninsula) to southern Belize and eastern Nicaragua to northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721294","russpa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/russpa1","avibase-B1BE75EB",null,null,"Temiscaltipec [= Temascaltepec] , Mexico, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Pipilo rufescens"],["31311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens antonensis","Van Rossem, 1942","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Mexico (Sierra de San Antonio of north-central Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF7BD0CB",null,null,"La Chumata Mine, 4,500 ft., Sierra de San Antonio, north-central Sonora, Mexico.","A new race of the Rusty Sparrow from north central Sonora, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28521#page/468/mode/1up","Aimophila rufescens antonensis"],["31312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens mcleodii","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.92-93",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (eastern Sonora and western Chihuahua to northern Sinaloa and western Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-105D68A4",null,null,"El Carmen, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Aimophila mcleodii"],["31313","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens rufescens","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sinaloa to Colima, Oaxaca, southern Puebla, and southwestern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A9F5D66",null,null,"Temiscaltipec [= Temascaltepec] , Mexico, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Pipilo rufescens"],["31314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens pyrgitoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.97-98",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas) to Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-501A2692",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Jalapa, Veracruz, by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc), no. 33, p. 374.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/105/mode/1up","Embernagra pyrgitoides"],["31315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens discolor","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.587",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Belize to northeastern Guatemala, northern Honduras, and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CC489F9",null,null,"Segovia River, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/601/mode/1up","Aimophila rufescens discolor"],["31316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens pectoralis","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1927","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to cordillera of western Guatemala and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74072F58",null,null,"Volcán San Miguel, San Miguel, El Salvador.","Seven new Birds from Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107492#page/26/mode/1up","Aimophila rufescens pectoralis"],["31317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila rufescens hypaethra","Bangs, 1909","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica (Cordillera de Guanacaste)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A59C2EA6",null,null,"Cerro Santa Maria, northern Costa Rica.","Notes on some rare or not well-known Costa Rican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/57/mode/1up","Aimophila rufescens hypaethrus"],["31318","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.184","Rufous-crowned Sparrow","Rufous-crowned Sparrow","Rufous-crowned Sparrow",null,null,"north-central California disjunctly eastward to central Texas and southward through Mexico to southern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721288","rucspa","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucspa","avibase-7784B060",null,null,"Calaveras River [east of Stockton], California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/206/mode/1up","Ammodromus ruficeps"],["31319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps ruficeps","(Cassin, 1852)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, no.5 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal ranges of central California and west slopes of Sierra Nevada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63D122E5",null,null,"Calaveras River [east of Stockton], California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17888#page/206/mode/1up","Ammodromus ruficeps"],["31320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps canescens","Todd, 1922","The Condor 24, no.4 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern California and northeastern Baja (eastward to base of San Pedro Mártir)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-346A20D9",null,null,"San Diego, California.","A new Sparrow from southern California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol24/iss4/4/","Aimophila ruficeps canescens"],["31321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps obscura","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1923","The Condor 25, no.4 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Channel Islands (Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Catalina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04039E72",null,null,"Prisoner's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, California.","Additional notes from the coastal islands of southern California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol25/iss4/6/","Aimophila obscura"],["31322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps sanctorum","Van Rossem, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.55",null,null,null,null,null,"Todos Santos Islands (off northwestern Baja California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41CCA5FA",null,null,"Todos Santos Islands, off Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.","Comment on certain birds of Baja California, including descriptions of three new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/67/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps sanctorum"],["31323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps sororia","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.226",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5CAE50A",null,null,"Victoria Mountains, Baja California, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new genera, species and subspecies of American birds. I. Fringillidae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Aimophila ruficeps sororia"],["31324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps scottii","(Sennett, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.1 p.41,42",null,null,null,null,null,"northern, eastern, and southwestern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico (southwestern USA), and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5F7C94F",null,null,"Pinal County, Arizona.","Notes on the Peucaea ruficeps group, with description of a new subspecies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/9/","Peucaea ruficeps scottii"],["31325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps eremoeca","(Brown, 1882)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 7 no.1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colorado to New Mexico, Texas, northern Chihuahua, and central Coahuila",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4AC9B2A",null,null,"Boerne, Kendall County, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69166#page/40/mode/1up","Peucaea ruficeps eremoeca"],["31326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps simulans","Van Rossem, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern to western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F597339",null,null,"Mina Abundancia, Sonora, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. C. A systematic report on the Brewster collection of Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/532/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps simulans"],["31327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps pallidissima","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DC623C3",null,null,"Cuesta Blanca, 19 km [=12 mi. on label] W of Saltillo, [5500' on label], Edo. Coahuila, Mexico, 23 and 26 Sept. 1943","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/206/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps pallidissima"],["31328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps phillipsi","Hubbard & Crossin, 1974","Nemouria no.14 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Sinaloa (west-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6310033",null,null,"Rancho Carrizo, 6.5 miles west of Palmito, Sinaloa, Mexico","Notes on northern Mexican birds. An expedition report.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/173/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps phillipsi"],["31329","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps boucardi","(Sclater, 1867)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867, pt.1 p.1 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico (southern San Luis Potosí to Guanajuato and Querétaro southward to central Veracruz and northern Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D60546D",null,null,"Orizaba, Veracruz ; Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.","Exhibition of Mexican Birds and Characters of a new Species of Zonotrichia [obtained by M. Boucard in the vicinity of La Puebla].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93424#page/23/mode/1up","Zonotrichia boucardi"],["31330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps suttoni","Hubbard, 1975","Nemouria no.15 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nayarit to northern and western Jalisco and southern Colima (western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A621E9C2",null,null,"24.5 m SE of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico","Geographic variation in Non-California populations of the Rufous-crowned Sparrow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/202/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps suttoni"],["31331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps laybournae","Hubbard, 1975","Nemouria no.15 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Veracruz to Oaxaca (south-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-255C65F6",null,null,"5.5 km NNE of Chapulco, Puebla, Mexico","Geographic variation in Non-California populations of the Rufous-crowned Sparrow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/198/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps laybournae"],["31332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps duponti","Hubbard, 1975","Nemouria no.15 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexico City area (south-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3813731A",null,null,"3 km W. of Puente Colorado, D.F., Mexico","Geographic variation in Non-California populations of the Rufous-crowned Sparrow.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173020#page/198/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps duponti"],["31333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps fusca","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Jalisco to northern Colima and northern Michoacán (southwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24FB3649",null,null,"Etzatlan, Jalisco, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Peucaea ruficeps fusca"],["31334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps australis","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Guerrero to southern Puebla and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EDDB96B",null,null,"Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Peucaea ruficeps australis"],["31335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Aimophila ruficeps extima","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Guerrero and southern Puebla southward through southern Oaxaca (southwestern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44E834D8",null,null,"2 km. northwest of Portilla Nejapa, ca. lat. 16° 34' N., long. 95° 57' W., Oaxaca; =106 km by rd. WNW of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; 19 Dec. 1960;","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/205/mode/1up","Aimophila ruficeps extima"],["31336","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyrgita biarcuata [Prévost & Des Murs, 1846]; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12, p. 731).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/183/mode/1up","Melozone"],["31337","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone biarcuata","(Prévost & des Murs, 1842)","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas pl.6","Prevost's Ground Sparrow","White-faced Ground-Sparrow","Prevost's Ground-sparrow",null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) Guatemala, El Salvador, and western Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776515","pregrs1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pregrs1","avibase-36359AD1",null,null,"no locality ; 'California' and Guatemala designated by Prevost and Des Murs, 1849, Voy. Venus, 5, p. 216.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239184#page/51/mode/1up","Pyrgita biarcuata"],["31338","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone cabanisi","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.324","Cabanis's Ground Sparrow","Cabanis's Ground-Sparrow","Costa Rican Ground-sparrow",null,null,"highlands of central Costa Rica",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776650","pregrs2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pregrs2","avibase-2B98D285",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of New or little-known American Birds of the Families Fringillidae, Oxyrhamphidae, Bucconidae, and Sylviidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/406/mode/1up","Pyrgisoma cabanisi"],["31339","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone occipitalis","(Salvin, 1878)","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.8 p.446-447","Grey-crowned Ground Sparrow","Gray-crowned Ground-Sparrow","Grey-crowned Ground-sparrow","2025-0840","Taxon <em>occipitalis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Melozone leucotis</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Sandoval et al. 2017a), and a consistent pattern of divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Sandoval et al. 2017b). Additional investigation of the geographically and phenotypically intermediate subspecies <em>nigrior </em>would provide further insights. After AviList voted on this issue, NACC (issue 2023-C-12) opted not to split occpipitalis, and the issue will likely be reevaluated in a future version of AviList.","highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776727","whegrs1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whegrs1","avibase-A93FF062",null,null,"Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.","Descriptions of two new Species of Birds from Central America, and one from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/492/mode/1up","Pyrgisoma occipitale"],["31340","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone leucotis","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.413","White-eared Ground Sparrow","White-eared Ground-Sparrow","White-eared Ground-sparrow","2025-0840","Taxon <em>occipitalis </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Melozone leucotis</em> based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (Sandoval et al. 2017a), and a consistent pattern of divergence in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Sandoval et al. 2017b). Additional investigation of the geographically and phenotypically intermediate subspecies <em>nigrior </em>would provide further insights. After AviList voted on this issue, NACC (issue 2023-C-12) opted not to split occpipitalis, and the issue will likely be reevaluated in a future version of AviList.","humid montane forest and adjacent clearings patchily in eastern Honduras, northern Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103776706","whegrs2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whegrs2","avibase-10596E74",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/425/mode/1up","Melozone leucotis"],["31341","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone leucotis nigrior","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.184 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of east-central Honduras and north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD21B57D",null,null,"Matagalpa, 2,300 ft., Nicaragua.","Further notes on Central American Birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4368/","Melozone leucotis nigrior"],["31342","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone leucotis leucotis","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E9ED20A",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/425/mode/1up","Melozone leucotis"],["31343","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone kieneri","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.486","Rusty-crowned Ground Sparrow","Rusty-crowned Ground-Sparrow","Rusty-crowned Ground-sparrow",null,null,"Pacific slope from southeastern Sonora to Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721347","rcgspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcgspa1","avibase-876C97F1",null,null,"'ex Am. occ.'; restricted to San Blas, Nayarit, by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 423.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/750/mode/1up","Pyrgisoma kieneri"],["31344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone kieneri grisior","Van Rossem, 1933","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Pacific slope of northwestern Mexico (southeastern Sonora and northeastern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CDEEF0F8",null,null,"Hacienda de San v Rafael, Sonora, Mexico.","A northern race of Melozone rubricatum (Cabanis).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/361/mode/1up","Melozone rubricatum grisior"],["31345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone kieneri kieneri","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.486",null,null,null,null,null,"arid western Mexico (Sinaloa, western Durango, Nayarit, western Jalisco, and Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74443FA7",null,null,"'ex Am. occ.'; restricted to San Blas, Nayarit, by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 423.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/750/mode/1up","Pyrgisoma kieneri"],["31346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone kieneri rubricata","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southwestern Mexico (Michoacán, Puebla, Morelos, Guerrero, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-951D2493",null,null,"'Real-Arriba' [= Real de Arriba] , Mexico, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/156/mode/1up","Atlapetes rubricatum"],["31347","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone albicollis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.304","White-throated Towhee","White-throated Towhee","White-throated Towhee",null,null,"central Guerrero and southern Puebla through southern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721339","whttow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whttow1","avibase-55F64B73",null,null,"San Miguel de las Peras, Oaxaca, Mexico.","On a Collection of Birds received by M. Auguste Sallé from Oaxaca in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/388/mode/1up","Pipilo albicollis"],["31348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone albicollis marshalli","(Parkes, 1974)","The Condor 76, no.4 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"arid oak-pine zone of southeastern Mexico (Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42860537",null,null,"San Vicente Villalegria, 4 miles N. of Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico","Systematics of the White-throated Towhee (Pipilo albicollis).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol76/iss4/13/","Pipilo albicollis marshalli"],["31349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone albicollis albicollis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine zone of southern Mexico (southern Puebla and eastern Guerrero to central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E6B6E5F",null,null,"San Miguel de las Peras, Oaxaca, Mexico.","On a Collection of Birds received by M. Auguste Sallé from Oaxaca in Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/388/mode/1up","Pipilo albicollis"],["31350","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.434","Canyon Towhee","Canyon Towhee","Canyon Towhee",null,null,"northern Arizona, central Colorado, and western Texas southward to northern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721331","cantow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cantow","avibase-FE69A9C4",null,null,"Temiscaltipec [= Temascaltepec] , Mexico, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Pipilo fusca"],["31351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca mesoleuca","(Baird, 1854)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, no.3 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Arizona and New Mexico to western Texas, Sonora, and northwestern Chihuahua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-343F517B",null,null,"no locality; type probably from Big Sandy River, south of lat. 35° N., Mohave County, Arizona, fide Davis, 1951, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 52, p. 106.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17735#page/141/mode/1up","Pipilo mesoleucus"],["31352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca intermedia","(Nelson, 1899)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.27",null,null,null,null,null,"semiarid northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora to northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0F47EA5",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/53/mode/1up","Pipilo fuscus intermedius"],["31353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca jamesi","(Townsend, 1923)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48, art.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Tiburón (northern Gulf of California off Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79237F0B",null,null,"Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico.","Birds collected in Lower California","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1228","Pipilo fuscus jamesi"],["31354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca mesata","(Oberholser, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colorado to northeastern New Mexico and far northwestern Oklahoma",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-663C53C6",null,null,"Gaume's Ranch, 4,600 ft., northwestern corner of Baca County, Colorado.","Description of two new Passerine Birds from the western United States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/148/mode/1up","Pipilo fuscus mesatus"],["31355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca texana","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.371",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western and central Texas to northern Mexico (northwestern Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0A396E9",null,null,"Kerrville, Kerr County, Texas.","A subspecies of the Brown Towhee from south-central texas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/455/mode/1up","Pipilo fuscus texanus"],["31356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca perpallida","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.483",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63762578",null,null,"Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. C. A systematic report on the Brewster collection of Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/529/mode/1up","Pipilo fuscus perpallidus"],["31357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca fusca","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima to Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F3274B2",null,null,"Temiscaltipec [= Temascaltepec] , Mexico, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Pipilo fusca"],["31358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca potosina","(Ridgway, 1899)","The Auk 16, no.3 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Mexico (Coahuila to northeastern Jalisco and southwestern Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7FFDDFB",null,null,"Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.","New species, etc., of American birds. IV. Fringillidae (Concluded) ; Corvidae (Part)'.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss3/8/","Pipilo fuscus potosinus"],["31359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca campoi","(Moore, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.19 p.101",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of east-central Mexico (Hidalgo, adjacent Puebla, and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D1D8A39F",null,null,"Metztitlan, Hidalgo, Mexico.","A new race of Pipilo fuscus from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/117/mode/1up","Pipilo fuscus campoi"],["31360","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone fusca toroi","(Moore, 1942)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico (Tlaxcala to Veracruz, Puebla, and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8041887",null,null,"Mitla, Oaxaca [= Tepeaca, Puebla, fide Marshall, 1964, Condor, 66, p. 353] , Mexico.","Notes on Pipilo fuscus of Mexico and description of a new form.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/64/mode/1up","Pipilo fuscus toroi"],["31361","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone aberti","(Baird, 1852)","Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, including a reconnoissance of a new route through the Rocky Mountains p.325","Abert's Towhee","Abert's Towhee","Abert's Towhee",null,null,"southeastern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and southeastern California eastward to southwestern New Mexico and southward to far northern Sonora",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721315","abetow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abetow","avibase-2C9B6D93",null,null,"'New Mexico'; restricted to vicinity of Gila Bend, Maricopa County, Arizona, by Phillips, 1962, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico, 33, p. 366.",null,null,"Pipilo aberti"],["31362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone aberti aberti","(Baird, 1852)","Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, including a reconnoissance of a new route through the Rocky Mountains p.325",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F44EC2F7",null,null,"'New Mexico'; restricted to vicinity of Gila Bend, Maricopa County, Arizona, by Phillips, 1962, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico, 33, p. 366.",null,null,"Pipilo aberti"],["31363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone aberti dumeticola","(Van Rossem, 1946)","The Condor 48, no.2 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA from southwestern Utah southward in Colorado Valley of southeastern Nevada to southeastern California, eastward along Gila River in southern Arizona, far northwestern Mexico in far northern Baja California and northwestern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8BED26E9",null,null,"three miles northwest of Calexico, altitude minus 3 ft., Imperial County, California.","Two new races of birds from the Lower Colorado River valley.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol48/iss2/4/","Pipilo aberti dumeticolus"],["31364","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone crissalis","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.19","California Towhee","California Towhee","California Towhee",null,null,"south-central Oregon through western and central California to southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721323","caltow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/caltow","avibase-B745D852",null,null,"no locality ; type from Monterey, Monterey County, California, fide Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 754.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/51/mode/1up","Fringilla crissalis"],["31365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone crissalis petulans","(Grinnell & Swarth, 1926)","University of California Publications in Zoology 21 p.430",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern California (Humboldt County to Santa Cruz County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-421A3843",null,null,"Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California.","Systematic review of the Pacific Coast Brown Towhees.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93394#page/546/mode/1up","Pipilo fuscus petulans"],["31366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone crissalis crissalis","(Vigors, 1839)","The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Oregon to interior central California (western USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20E26C38",null,null,"no locality ; type from Monterey, Monterey County, California, fide Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 754.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/51/mode/1up","Fringilla crissalis"],["31367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone crissalis senicula","(Anthony, 1895)","The Auk 12, no.2 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California (Los Angeles County) and northwestern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F970D109",null,null,"San Fernando, Baja California, Mexico.","Description of a new Pipilo from Southern and Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol12/iss2/3/","Pipilo fuscus senicula"],["31368","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone crissalis aripolia","(Oberholser, 1919)","The Condor 21, no.5 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"central Baja California (latitude 29°N to 26°30'N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-542CEC81",null,null,"San Pablo, Baja California, Mexico.","Description of a new subspecies of Pipilo fuscus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol21/iss5/7/","Pipilo fuscus aripolius"],["31369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Melozone crissalis albigula","(Baird, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"Cape district of southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3608E79B",null,null,"Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/325/mode/1up","Pipilo albigula"],["31370","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pezopetes","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.415",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pezopetes capitalis [Cabanis, 1861]; type by monotypy",null,"Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/427/mode/1up","Pezopetes"],["31371","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pezopetes capitalis","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.415","Large-footed Finch","Large-footed Finch","Large-footed Finch",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721557","laffin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/laffin1","avibase-EF23B33C",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/427/mode/1up","Pezopetes capitalis"],["31372","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Torreornis","Barbour & Peters, 1927","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Torreornis inexpectata [Barbour & J.L. Peters, 1927]; type by monotypy",null,null,null,"Torreornis"],["31373","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Torreornis inexpectata","Barbour & Peters, 1927","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.96","Zapata Sparrow","Zapata Sparrow","Zapata Sparrow",null,null,"three disjunct populations in Cuba; sawgrass prairies of Zapata Peninsula; scrub of cays just north of central Cuba; and arid scrub of far southeastern Cuba in Guantanamo area",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721297","zapspa1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zapspa1","avibase-CFFCE908",null,null,"Santo Tomas, Peninsula de Zapata, Cuba.","Two more remarkable new Birds from Cuba.",null,"Torreornis inexpectata"],["31374","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Torreornis inexpectata inexpectata","Barbour & Peters, 1927","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Cuba (arid Zapata Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EFCE79C",null,null,"Santo Tomas, Peninsula de Zapata, Cuba.","Two more remarkable new Birds from Cuba.",null,"Torreornis inexpectata"],["31375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Torreornis inexpectata sigmani","Spence & Smith, 1961","The Auk 78, no.1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal southeastern Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2EF4CE05",null,null,"2.3 miles west Baitiquiri, Oriente, Cuba.","A subspecies of Torreornis inexpectata from Cuba.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol78/iss1/18/","Torreornis inexpectata sigmani"],["31376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Torreornis inexpectata varonai","Regalado Ruiz, 1981","Centro Agrícola 2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayo Coco (off northern Cuba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA7B18BA",null,null,"[Cayo Coco, Cuba]","El género Torreornis (aves, Fringillidae), descripción de una nueva subespecie en Cayo Coco, Cuba.",null,"Torreornis inexpectata varonai"],["31377","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla erythrophthalma [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Fringilla erythrophthalma Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f38.item","Pipilo"],["31378","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo ocai","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.126","Collared Towhee","Collared Towhee","Collared Towhee",null,null,"central to southern Mexico, discontinuously from Jalisco eastward to central Veracruz and southward to southern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721307","coltow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coltow1","avibase-3900E731",null,null,"amended to Las Vigas, northern base of Cofre de Perote, west of Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, by Sibley, 1950, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50, p. 144.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/146/mode/1up","Buarremon ocai"],["31379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo ocai alticola","(Salvin & Godman, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (western Jalisco and far northeastern Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-645AEA91",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Colima, Mexico.","Notes on Mexican Birds. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/411/mode/1up","Chamaeospiza alticola"],["31380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo ocai nigrescens","(Salvin & Godman, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.381",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (north-central Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08109507",null,null,"Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico.","Notes on Mexican Birds. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/411/mode/1up","Chamaeospiza nigrescens"],["31381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo ocai guerrerensis","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-130372FD",null,null,"Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/169/mode/1up","Pipilo torquatus guerrerensis"],["31382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo ocai brunnescens","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24D963EF",null,null,"Totontepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/169/mode/1up","Pipilo torquatus brunnescens"],["31383","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo ocai ocai","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Mexico (eastern Puebla and west-central Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F6B2FD2",null,null,"amended to Las Vigas, northern base of Cofre de Perote, west of Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, by Sibley, 1950, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50, p. 144.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/146/mode/1up","Buarremon ocai"],["31384","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo chlorurus","(Audubon, 1839)","Ornithological Biography (etc.) 5 p.336","Green-tailed Towhee","Green-tailed Towhee","Green-tailed Towhee",null,null,"breeds highlands of western USA; winters to central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721304","gnttow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnttow","avibase-45D829B3",null,null,"no locality [= Ross' Creek, ca. 20 miles southwest Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 631].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103786#page/380/mode/1up","Fringilla chlorura"],["31385","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.434","Spotted Towhee","Spotted Towhee",null,"2025-0838","Taxon <em>socorroensis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Pipilo maculatus</em> based on minor plumage differences and smaller size. However, a thorough analysis of geographic variation in size, plumage, vocalizations, and genetics, across all mainland and island populations of the <em>P. maculatus</em> complex is needed to place these differences into context (Bartos Smith &amp; Greenlaw 2020).","breeds in shrubland, brushland, thickets, and oak woodland, from southern British Columbia to Saskatchewan (southwestern Canada) southward across western and west-central USA to northern Baja California, locally in southern Baja California, Isla Socorro, and mountains of Mexico and Guatemala; mostly resident, some wintering to southern Texas and northern Mexico as non-breeder",null,null,null,"spotow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spotow","avibase-58E25701",null,null,"Real del Monte [, Hidalgo] , Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Pipilo maculata"],["31386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus oregonus","Bell, 1849","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5[\"1852\"] p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southwestern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon; winters to southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB5830B2",null,null,"Oregon Territory [= vicinity of Fort Vancouver, Clark County, Washington, vide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 631].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/32/mode/1up","Pipilo oregonus"],["31387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus falcifer","McGregor, 1900","The Condor 2, no.2 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern California (Del Norte to Santa Cruz and San Benito counties)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78E55223",null,null,"Palo Alto, California.","Description of a New Pipilo","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol2/iss2/11/","Pipilo maculatus falcifer"],["31388","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus megalonyx","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.515",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California (Monterey) to northwestern Baja California and Santa Cruz Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAB177A3",null,null,"Fort Tejon, Kern County, California, vide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 632.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/579/mode/1up","Pipilo megalonyx"],["31389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus clementae","Grinnell, 1897","The Auk 14, no.3 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Rosa, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente islands (off southern California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45961E07",null,null,"Smuggler's Cover, San Clemente Island, California.","Description of a New Towhee from California","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss3/7/","Pipilo clementae"],["31390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus umbraticola","Grinnell & Swarth, 1926","The Condor 28, no.3 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Baja California (latitude 32°N to 30°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19951BEA",null,null,"Colnett, lat. 31° N., Baja California.","An additional subspecies of Spotted Towhee from Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol28/iss3/16/","Pipilo maculatus umbraticola"],["31391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus consobrinus","Ridgway, 1876","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (2), 2 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Isla Guadalupe (off western Baja California); extinct, last observed in 1897","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-8604FF52",null,null,"Isla Guadalupe, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100255#page/259/mode/1up","Pipilo maculatus consobrinus"],["31392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus magnirostris","Brewster, 1891","The Auk 8, no.2 p.146",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37E75D43",null,null,"Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.","Descriptions of seven supposed new North American birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss2/2/","Pipilo maculatus magnirostris"],["31393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus curtatus","Grinnell, 1911","University of California Publications in Zoology 7 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern British Columbia to northeastern California, Nevada, and Idaho; winters to southeastern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF85713E",null,null,"Big Creek Ranch, 4,350 ft., base of Pine Forest Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada.","description of a new Spotted Towhee from the Great Basin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93378#page/363/mode/1up","Pipilo maculatus curtatus"],["31394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus falcinellus","Swarth, 1913","The Condor 15, no.5 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"interior southwestern Oregon to Sierra Nevada and San Joaquin Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E2BA8F4",null,null,"Marysville Buttes, 500 ft., four miles northwest of Sutter, Sutter County, California.","A revision of the California forms of Pipilo maculatus Swainson, with description of a new subspecies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol15/iss5/1/","Pipilo maculatus falcinellus"],["31395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus arcticus","(Swainson, 1832)","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.260, pl. 51, 52",null,null,null,null,null,"east of the Rocky Mountains from central Alberta and central Saskatchewan southward in USA to northeastern Colorado and northwestern Kansas; winters to northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-342F4BAC",null,null,"House, plains of Saskatchewan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/384/mode/1up","Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica"],["31396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus montanus","Swarth, 1906","The Condor 8, no.2 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DE26976",null,null,"Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.","Atratus versus megalonyx.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol8/iss2/7/","Pipilo maculatus montanus"],["31397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus gaigei","Van Tyne & Sutton, 1937","Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.37 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of New Mexico, western Texas, and northern Mexico (northern Coahuila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B20F009",null,null,"southeast of Boot Spring, 6,800 ft., Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas.","The Birds of Brewster County, Texas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56282","Pipilo maculatus gaigei"],["31398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus griseipygius","Van Rossem, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.482",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD7B2268",null,null,"Jesus Maria, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. C. A systematic report on the Brewster collection of Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/528/mode/1up","Pipilo maculatus griseipygius"],["31399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus orientalis","Sibley, 1950","University of California Publications in Zoology 50 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEFD174A",null,null,"8 miles southeast of Galeana, 6,000 ft., Nuevo Leon, Mexico.",null,null,"Pipilo erythrophthalmus orientalis"],["31400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus maculatus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78741C5D",null,null,"Real del Monte [, Hidalgo] , Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Pipilo maculata"],["31401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus vulcanorum","Sibley, 1950","University of California Publications in Zoology 50 p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Mexico (México, northeastern Morelos, southwestern Tlaxcala, and western Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52B41F11",null,null,"northwestern side ^y of Mount Popocatepetl, 9,700 ft., Mexico, Mexico.",null,null,"Pipilo erythrophthalmus vulcanorum"],["31402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus oaxacae","Sibley, 1950","University of California Publications in Zoology 50 p.134",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (northern and central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44D1F7E0",null,null,"La Cumbre, 9,000 ft., five miles northwest of Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,null,"Pipilo erythrophthalmus oaxacae"],["31403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus chiapensis","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (central Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C60E71F6",null,null,"San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/168/mode/1up","Pipilo maculatus chiapensis"],["31404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus repetens","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (southeastern Chiapas) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD851882",null,null,"Zanzon, 8,000 ft., Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Pipilo maculatus repetens"],["31405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus macronyx","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of central Mexico (eastern Michoacán, México, Morelos, and Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA3F7B80",null,null,"Real del Monte [, Hidalgo] . Temiscaltipec v-v [= Temascaltepec, Mexico] ; restricted to western slope of Volcán de Toluca, Mexico, Mexico, by Sibley, 1950, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50, p. 142.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Pipilo macronyx"],["31406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo maculatus socorroensis","Grayson, 1867","The California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences 28 no.16 p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Socorro (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26AB0890",null,null,"Isla Socorro, Islas Revilla Gigedo, Mexico.",null,null,"Pipilo socorroensis"],["31407","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo naufragus","Olson & Wingate, 2012","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125, no.1 p.86","Bermuda Towhee","Bermuda Towhee","Bermuda Towhee",null,null,"formerly Bermuda; extinct, apparently survived until at least 1611","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103772527","bertow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bertow1","avibase-52A41B18",null,null,"Bermuda, Hamilton Parish, Government Quarry, Finch Cave (see Olson et al. 2005:227). Pleistocene","A new species of towhee (Aves: Emberizidae: Pipilo) from Quaternary deposits on Bermuda","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270020378","Pipilo naufragus"],["31408","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo erythrophthalmus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180","Eastern Towhee","Eastern Towhee","Eastern Towhee",null,null,"breeds in varied dense, shrubby, semi-humid to xeric habitats with open canopy from southeastern Saskatchewan eastward to Quebec, (south-central to southeastern Canada), southward to southeastern Texas and southern Florida; resident in southern half of range, some wintering to southern Texas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721310","eastow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eastow","avibase-6090278A",null,null,"South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla erythrophthalma"],["31409","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern North America (southern Canada to Gulf Coast)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84717B3A",null,null,"South Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla erythrophthalma"],["31410","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster","Howell, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Tennessee to Louisiana, Alabama, and northwestern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79CE78C5",null,null,"Spring Hill, near Mobile, Alabama.","Descriptions of two new birds from Alabama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/250/mode/1up","Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster"],["31411","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo erythrophthalmus rileyi","Koelz, 1939","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Virginia to Georgia, northern Florida, and southeastern Alabama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99D0323A",null,null,"Brunswick, Georgia.","Three new subspecies of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/143/mode/1up","Pipilo alleni rileyi"],["31412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni","Coues, 1871","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 5, no.6 p.366",null,null,null,null,null,"central to southern peninsular Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FBB449C",null,null,"Dummitts Grove, Indian River, North Merritt's Island, Brevard County, Florida, vide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 635.","Progress of American Ornithology","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127030#page/388/mode/1up","Pipilo alleni"],["31413","genus","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.526",null,null,null,"2025-1123","Taxa <em>tibialis </em>and <em>luteoviridis </em>are placed in <em>Atlapetes </em>rather than <em>Pselliophorus </em>based on genetic evidence. Mitochondrial DNA data (Klicka et al. 2014; Sánchez-González et al. 2015) indicate that these two species, despite their striking yellow thighs, are embedded within <em>Atlapetes</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Atlapetes pileatus [Wagler, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/289/mode/1up","Atlapetes"],["31414","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes pileatus","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.526","Rufous-capped Brushfinch","Rufous-capped Brushfinch","Rufous-capped Brushfinch",null,null,"Pacific slope from southern Sonora and Caribbean slope from central Nuevo León to transvolcanic belt southward to southern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721429","rcbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcbfin1","avibase-FB47A4AE",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/289/mode/1up","Atlapetes pileatus"],["31415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes pileatus dilutus","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.228",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of northern Mexican plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-226F9FEB",null,null,"Jesus Maria, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new genera, species and subspecies of American birds. I. Fringillidae.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Atlapetes pileatus dilutus"],["31416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes pileatus pileatus","Wagler, 1831","Isis von Oken 24, heft 5 col.526",null,null,null,null,null,"oak-pine forest of southern Mexican plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BBC2346",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87987#page/289/mode/1up","Atlapetes pileatus"],["31417","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.8 p.165","White-naped Brushfinch","White-naped Brushfinch","White-naped Brushfinch",null,null,"montane shrubby edge on Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosí to central Oaxaca (eastern Mexico), disjunctly Pacific slope from eastern Chiapas to central Panama, and all three ranges of Colombian Andes to far northern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734026","wnbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wnbfin1","avibase-BED7D8CC",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia; error, amended to Caribbean slope of Mexico by Paynter, 1964, Auk, 81, p. 223.","Notice sur quelques oiseaux de Carthagène et de la partie du Mexique la plus voisine, rapportés par M. Ferdinand de Candé, officier de la marine royale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/171/mode/1up","Embernagra albinucha"],["31418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha albinucha","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.8 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Puebla and Veracruz to northern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFF6B54C",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia; error, amended to Caribbean slope of Mexico by Paynter, 1964, Auk, 81, p. 223.","Notice sur quelques oiseaux de Carthagène et de la partie du Mexique la plus voisine, rapportés par M. Ferdinand de Candé, officier de la marine royale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/171/mode/1up","Embernagra albinucha"],["31419","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha griseipectus","Dwight & Griscom, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.16 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to western Guatemala and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2B38D81",null,null,"Quezaltenango, 8,500 ft., Guatemala.","A revision of Atlapetes gutturalis, with descriptions of three new races.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4631/","Atlapetes gutturalis griseipectus"],["31420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha fuscipygius","Dwight & Griscom, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.16 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Honduras to northwestern El Salvador and northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2000235C",null,null,"San Pvafael del Norte, 4,000 ft., Nicaragua.","A revision of Atlapetes gutturalis, with descriptions of three new races.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4631/","Atlapetes gutturalis fuscipygius"],["31421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha parvirostris","Dwight & Griscom, 1921","American Museum Novitates no.16 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B418E8ED",null,null,"Aquinares, 4,500 ft., Costa Rica.","A revision of Atlapetes gutturalis, with descriptions of three new races.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4631/","Atlapetes gutturalis parvirostris"],["31422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha brunnescens","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.11 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85B08785",null,null,"Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Central and South America.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/821","Atlapetes gutturalis brunnescens"],["31423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha azuerensis","Aldrich, 1937","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 7 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama (Azuero Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D922E6A",null,null,"Cerro Viejo, 3,000 ft., between headwaters of Ríos Negro and Mariato, 18 mi. east of Monti jo Bay, Veraguas, Panama.","The Birds and Mammals of the western slope of the Azuero Peninsula (Republic of Panama).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122692#page/148/mode/1up","Atlapetes gutturalis azuerensis"],["31424","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albinucha gutturalis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"upper tropical and subtropical northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E92C9E38",null,null,"Bolivia; error, amended to Colombia by Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 391.","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/106/mode/1up","Arremon gutturalis"],["31425","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes tibialis","(Lawrence, 1864)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8(1867) p.41","Yellow-thighed Brushfinch","Yellow-thighed Brushfinch","Yellow-thighed Brushfinch","2025-1123","Taxa <em>tibialis </em>and <em>luteoviridis </em>are placed in <em>Atlapetes </em>rather than <em>Pselliophorus </em>based on genetic evidence. Mitochondrial DNA data (Klicka et al. 2014; Sánchez-González et al. 2015) indicate that these two species, despite their striking yellow thighs, are embedded within <em>Atlapetes</em>.","humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721560","yetfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetfin1","avibase-4CB9ABDC",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/61/mode/1up","Tachyphonus tibialis"],["31426","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes luteoviridis","(Griscom, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.141 p.10","Yellow-green Brushfinch","Yellow-green Brushfinch","Yellow-green Brushfinch","2025-1123","Taxa <em>tibialis </em>and <em>luteoviridis </em>are placed in <em>Atlapetes </em>rather than <em>Pselliophorus </em>based on genetic evidence. Mitochondrial DNA data (Klicka et al. 2014; Sánchez-González et al. 2015) indicate that these two species, despite their striking yellow thighs, are embedded within <em>Atlapetes</em>.","humid montane forest of western Panama",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721563","yegfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yegfin1","avibase-BCFC9B1D",null,null,"Cerro Flores, 6,000 ft., eastern Chiriquí, Panama.","Descriptions of new birds from Panama and Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4374/","Pselliophorus luteoviridis"],["31427","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes rufinucha","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.35","Bolivian Brushfinch","Bolivian Brushfinch","Bolivian Brushfinch",null,null,"montane forest edge in Andes from western to east-central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733777","rnbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rnbfin1","avibase-C9C868E0",null,null,"Yungas, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/151/mode/1up","Embernagra rufi-nucha"],["31428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes rufinucha rufinucha","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE3EF825",null,null,"Yungas, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/151/mode/1up","Embernagra rufi-nucha"],["31429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes rufinucha carrikeri","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae 12 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92CED5AE",null,null,"Samaipata, 5,500 ft., Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia. Part I. Oscines.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_hF9uiXk97xIC/page/n3","Atlapetes rufinucha carrikeri"],["31430","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes fulviceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.77","Fulvous-headed Brushfinch","Fulvous-headed Brushfinch","Fulvous-headed Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of central Bolivia from Cochabamba southward to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721509","fhbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fhbfin1","avibase-280F5CC1",null,null,"Tacora [=Totora], Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/193/mode/1up","Emberiza fulviceps"],["31431","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes citrinellus","(Cabanis, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.109 pl.1 fig.1","Yellow-striped Brushfinch","Yellow-striped Brushfinch","Yellow-striped Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721514","ysbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ysbfin1","avibase-CB530B1A",null,null,"near Chaquevil and San Xavier, Tucumán, Argentina.","[Über eine Anzahl neuer Arten, welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz in Agentinien speciell im Gebiete von Tucuman, gesammelt worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/121/mode/1up","Buarremon (Atlapetes) citrinellus"],["31432","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes nigrifrons","Phelps & Gilliard, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1100 p.7","Black-fronted Brushfinch","Black-fronted Brushfinch","Black-fronted Brushfinch","2025-1120","Taxon <em>nigrifrons </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Atlapetes latinuchus</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Donegan &amp; Huertas 2006; Donegan et al. 2014), supported by unpublished mitochondrial DNA data. Plumage, vocalizations, and mtDNA all suggest that <em>nigrifrons </em>is more closely related to <em>A. albofrenatus</em> than <em>A. latinuchus</em>, so is treated here as a distinct species. However, reports of individuals with intermediate plumage traits require investigation and published genetic data are needed to confirm this split.","Perijá Mountains (far northeastern Colombia and far western Venezuela)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774363","yebbru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbru1","avibase-FB4C2D40",null,null,"La Sabana, 1,300 vi m., Río Negro, Peri j a District, Zulia, Venezuela. Pre-J br occupied by Buarremon assimilis nigrifrons Chapman, 1923","Six new Birds from the Perijá Mountains of Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4678/","Atlapetes rufinucha nigrifrons"],["31433","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes melanocephalus","(Salvin & Godman, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.121","Santa Marta Brushfinch","Santa Marta Brushfinch","Santa Marta Brushfinch",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721434","smbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smbfin1","avibase-71DAB8C3",null,null,"San Sebastian, Colombia.","On the Birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/145/mode/1up","Buarremon melanocephalus"],["31434","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albofrenatus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.68","Moustached Brushfinch","Moustached Brushfinch",null,"2025-1122","Taxon <em>meridae </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Atlapetes albofrenatus</em> based on available evidence. Plumage traits are variable within each taxon, vocal differences seem minor, and genetic data are lacking; further research needed.","montane forest edge from Mérida in north-central Venezuela and Norte de Santander in northeastern Colombia, to Huila in southern Colombia",null,null,null,"mobfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mobfin1","avibase-3D4BB93D",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/78/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) albo-frenatus"],["31435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albofrenatus albofrenatus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Norte de Santander to Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-054753E8",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/78/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) albo-frenatus"],["31436","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albofrenatus meridae","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.785",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Táchira and Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF7D80E0",null,null,"near Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/905/mode/1up","Buarremon meridae"],["31437","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes semirufus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.69","Ochre-breasted Brushfinch","Ochre-breasted Brushfinch","Ochre-breasted Brushfinch",null,null,"cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Sucre and Monagas westward to Lara), and in the Andes of western Venezuela westward along the northeastern Colombian Andes (to northern Meta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721499","obbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/obbfin1","avibase-22518A82",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/79/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) semirufus"],["31438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes semirufus denisei","(Hellmayr, 1911)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 2, 3ème Année, no.22 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Sucre and Monagas to Aragua and Carabobo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-094D71B4",null,null,"Andes of Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela.","Description de quelques formes nouvelles d'oiseaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103565#page/44/mode/1up","Buarremon semirufus denisei"],["31439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes semirufus benedettii","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón, Lara, and Trujillo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89CF1878",null,null,"Sierra de San Luis, 1,200 m., above San Luis, Falcón, Venezuela.","Seventeen new Birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Atlapetes semirufus benedettii"],["31440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes semirufus albigula","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (northeastern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-57A94E4B",null,null,"Seboruco, 1,300 m., Táchira, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Atlapetes semirufus albigula"],["31441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes semirufus zimmeri","Meyer de Schauensee, 1947","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 99 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C8357A6",null,null,"Río Negro, Boyacá, Colombia.","New or little-known Colombian birds.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064369","Atlapetes semirufus zimmeri"],["31442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes semirufus majusculus","Todd, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (northern Boyacá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30B32E65",null,null,"Peña Blanca, Santander [= Boyacá] , Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/139/mode/1up","Atlapetes semirufus majusculus"],["31443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes semirufus semirufus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-802228E2",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/79/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) semirufus"],["31444","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes personatus","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.678","Tepui Brushfinch","Tepui Brushfinch","Tepui Brushfinch",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, adjacent western Guyana, and Roraima, in far northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721504","tebfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tebfin1","avibase-2AFDFA77",null,null,"Roraima, 6,500 ft., British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/168/mode/1up","Arremon personatus personatus"],["31445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes personatus personatus","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.678",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Roraima and adjacent tepuis), adjacent Brazil (northern Roraima), and Ayanganna (western Guyana)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-571F17B4",null,null,"Roraima, 6,500 ft., British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/168/mode/1up","Arremon personatus personatus"],["31446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes personatus collaris","Chapman, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1051 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"tepui region of southern Venezuela, on Auyan-tepui, southeastern Bolívar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0ED882E",null,null,"Auyan-tepui, 1,850 m., Bolívar, Venezuela.","The upper zonal Birds of Mt. Auyantepui, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5154/","Atlapetes personatus collaris"],["31447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes personatus duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, in central Amazonas (Mount Duida, upper Río Ocamo) and west-central Bolívar (Cerro Guaiquinima, Meseta de Jaua, and Cerro Urutaní)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAB0319A",null,null,"Cerros de Savanna, 4,700 ft., tableland of Mount Duida, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Atlapetes duidae"],["31448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes personatus parui","Phelps & Phelps, 1950","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63, no.8 p.46-47",null,null,null,null,null,"tepui region of southern Venezuela, on Cerro Parú, in north-central Amazonas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04364E77",null,null,"Cerro Paru, 1,200 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","Three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/282/mode/1up","Atlapetes personatus parui"],["31449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes personatus paraquensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 10 (67) p.237",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela, on Cerros Paraque, Camaní, Guanay and Yaví, and Sierra de Maigualida in northwestern and northeastern Amazonas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE00448C",null,null,"Cerro Paraque, 1,400 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cuatro aves nuevas de los Cerros Paraque y Ptari-tepui y notas sobre Bubulcus ibis, Myioborus cardonai y Platycichla leucops.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cuatro-aves-nuevas-de-los-cerros-paraque-y-ptari-tepui-y-notas-sobre-bubulcus-ibis-myioborus-cardonai-y-platycichla-leucops/","Atlapetes personatus paraquensis"],["31450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes personatus jugularis","Phelps & Phelps, 1955","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"tepui region, on Cerro de la Neblina (Venezuela/Brazil border in southeastern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB573DE6",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, 1,800 m., headwaters of Río Yatua, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107489#page/135/mode/1up","Atlapetes personatus jugularis"],["31451","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes melanolaemus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.425 pl.10 fig.1","Grey-eared Brushfinch","Black-faced Brushfinch","Black-faced Brushfinch",null,null,"subtropical Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733786","bkfbrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfbrf1","avibase-F0263CAC",null,null,"Khachupata [= Cchachupata] , Cuzco, Peru.","Descriptions of some new Tanagers of the Genus Buarremon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/473/mode/1up","Buarremon melanolaemus"],["31452","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes forbesi","Morrison, 1947","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 67 p.88","Apurimac Brushfinch","Apurimac Brushfinch","Apurimac Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of south-central Peru (Apurímac, Cusco, and Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728563","apubrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/apubrf1","avibase-13357BFE",null,null,"Pomayaco, 9,100 ft., Pampas River valley, 80 mi. southeast of Ayacucho, Apurímac, Peru.","A new Race of Atlapetes from Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125663#page/114/mode/1up","Atlapetes rufigenis forbesi"],["31453","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes crassus","Bangs, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.161","Choco Brushfinch","Choco Brushfinch","Choco Brushfinch","2025-1121","Taxon <em>crassus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Atlapetes tricolor</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Sánchez-González et al. 2015), supported by elevational niche differences and mitochondrial DNA data from separate studies (Klicka et al. 2014; Sánchez-González et al. 2015). Although deeply diverged, <em>crassus </em>is represented by a short DNA sequence.","Andes of western Colombia and Ecuador (Pichincha and El Oro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774244","tribrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tribrf1","avibase-14D41E23",null,null,"San Antonio, 5,800 ft., Valle, Colombia.","Notes on birds from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/205/mode/1up","Atlapetes crassus"],["31454","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes melanopsis","Valqui Haase & Fjeldså, 2002","Ibis vol.144 p.347","Black-spectacled Brushfinch","Black-spectacled Brushfinch","Black-spectacled Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Ayacucho and Huancavelica)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724596","bksbrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bksbrf1","avibase-43F4F789",null,null,"2480 m elevation 4 km southeast of Huachocollpa (towards Surcebamba), Provincia Tayacaja, Departemento Huancavelica, Peru (1 2\"02.82'S, 74\"35.86'W; GPS position","Atlapetes melanopsis nom. nov. for the Black-faced Brush-Finch","https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00051.x","Atlapetes melanopsis"],["31455","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes canigenis","Chapman, 1919","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, art.5 p.330","Cuzco Brushfinch","Cuzco Brushfinch","Cuzco Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) and far western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728576","cuzbrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cuzbrf1","avibase-9169054E",null,null,"Torontoy, 9,500 ft., Urubamba Canyon, Cuzco, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Atlapetes canigenis"],["31456","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes terborghi","Remsen, 1993","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 106 p.429","Vilcabamba Brushfinch","Vilcabamba Brushfinch","Vilcabamba Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cordillera Vilcabamba)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22728571","vilbrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vilbrf1","avibase-B8F9BCA6",null,null,"Cordillera Vilcabamba, 2630 m, Departamento Cuzco, Peru, 12°37'S, 73°33'W.","Zoogeography and geographic variation of Atlapetes rufinucha (Aves: Emberizinae), including a distinctive new subspecies, in southern Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107537#page/459/mode/1up","Atlapetes terborghi"],["31457","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes albiceps","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.533","White-headed Brushfinch","White-headed Brushfinch","White-headed Brushfinch",null,null,"arid scrub of southeastern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721482","whbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbfin1","avibase-DC3A82AB",null,null,"Paucal, Cajamarca, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/543/mode/1up","Buarremon albiceps"],["31458","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes leucopis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.2 p.439","White-rimmed Brushfinch","White-rimmed Brushfinch","White-rimmed Brushfinch",null,null,"locally in Andes of southern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721424","wrbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrbfin1","avibase-1DCF89A9",null,null,"'Yanayaca' [= ? Yanayacu, ? province] , Ecuador.","Descriptions of three new Species of Birds from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/535/mode/1up","Buarremon leucopis"],["31459","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes flaviceps","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.162","Yellow-headed Brushfinch","Yellow-headed Brushfinch","Yellow-headed Brushfinch",null,null,"central Andes of Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721439","yehbrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yehbrf1","avibase-19C9112F",null,null,"Río Toche, 6,800 ft., Quindio trail, Central Andes, Tolima, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Atlapetes flaviceps"],["31460","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.185","Dusky-headed Brushfinch","Dusky-headed Brushfinch","Dusky-headed Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721445","dhbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dhbfin1","avibase-313A1403",null,null,"San Agustín, 5,000 ft, Huila, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Atlapetes fusco-olivasceus"],["31461","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes rufigenis","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.5-6, pl.1 fig.1","Rufous-eared Brushfinch","Rufous-eared Brushfinch","Rufous-eared Brushfinch",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (Cajamarca, La Libertad, Ancash, and Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721492","rebfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebfin1","avibase-B36F4464",null,null,"Huamachuco, 10,400 ft., Libertad, and Cajabamba, 11,000 ft., Cajamarca, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/21/mode/1up","Buarremon rufigenis"],["31462","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes tricolor","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.516 pl.65","Tricolored Brushfinch","Golden-crowned Brushfinch","Tricolored Brushfinch","2025-1121","Taxon <em>crassus </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Atlapetes tricolor</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Sánchez-González et al. 2015), supported by elevational niche differences and mitochondrial DNA data from separate studies (Klicka et al. 2014; Sánchez-González et al. 2015). Although deeply diverged, <em>crassus </em>is represented by a short DNA sequence.","east slope of Andes of central Peru (San Martín southward to western Cusco in the Apurímac Valley), also local on outlying ridges (Cordillera Azul, southwestern Loreto; Cerros del Sira, Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774148","tribrf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tribrf2","avibase-7FE52D63",null,null,"Chilpes, Paltaypampa, Ninabamba, Pumarca, and 'Tempobata,' Junín, Peru; restricted to Chilpes by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr. Berlin, p. 1100.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/674/mode/1up","Buarremon tricolor"],["31463","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes taczanowskii","(Sclater & Salvin, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.236 pl.35 fig.2","Taczanowski's Brushfinch","Peruvian Slaty Brushfinch","Taczanowski's Brushfinch","2025-1114","Taxon <em>taczanowskii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Atlapetes schistaceus</em> based on genetics, plumage, and vocalizations. Although modest, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Sánchez-González et al. 2015) is greater than some other species pairs in this complex, and support for their monophyly is weak; further research would be informative.","Andes of central Peru (Huánuco and Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774724","slabru2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slabru2","avibase-B0DF25DD",null,null,"Maraynioc, Higos, and Sillapata, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/332/mode/1up","Buarremon taczanowskii"],["31464","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes blancae","Donegan, 2007","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 127 p.257 [255-268]","Antioquia Brushfinch","Antioquia Brushfinch","Antioquia Brushfinch",null,null,"northern central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735460","antbrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/antbrf1","avibase-EFE3658B",null,null,"San Pedro, Antioquia  [Colombia]","A new species of brush finch (Emberizidae: Atlapetes) from the northern Central Andes of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127065#page/7/mode/1up","Atlapetes blancae"],["31465","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes nationi","(Sclater, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.2 p.485 pl.46","Rusty-bellied Brushfinch","Rusty-bellied Brushfinch","Rusty-bellied Brushfinch",null,null,"dry montane scrub from west-central to southwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721470","rbbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbbfin1","avibase-B6DD68BC",null,null,"western Andes of Peru, 10,000-14,000 ft., above Lima.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Prof. W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part V).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/607/mode/1up","Buarremon nationi"],["31466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes nationi nationi","(Sclater, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.2 p.485 pl.46",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Peru (Ancash to Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFA4B0C2",null,null,"western Andes of Peru, 10,000-14,000 ft., above Lima.","On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. With Notes on their Habits by Prof. W. Nation, of Lima, C.M.Z.S. (Part V).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/607/mode/1up","Buarremon nationi"],["31467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes nationi brunneiceps","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13, pt.II p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Ica and Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F73DEDDD",null,null,"Pauza and Coracora, Ayacucho, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/87/mode/1up","Pogonospiza mystacalis brunneiceps"],["31468","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes seebohmi","(Taczanowski, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.70","Bay-crowned Brushfinch","Bay-crowned Brushfinch","Bay-crowned Brushfinch",null,null,"dry montane scrub of Loja in south-central Ecuador to Ancash in northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721465","bcbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcbfin1","avibase-2E52D2F3",null,null,"Cajacay, Cajatambo, Ancash, Peru.","Desciption des espèces nouvelles de la collection péruvienne de M. le Dr. Raimondi de Lima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/136/mode/1up","Carenochrous seebohmi"],["31469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes seebohmi simonsi","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Ecuador (Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AB2C2C5A",null,null,"Loja, Prov. Loja, Ecuador.","[Description of new species of birds in the collection of the British Museum].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/160/mode/1up","Buarremon simonsi"],["31470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes seebohmi seebohmi","(Taczanowski, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Andes of northwestern Peru (La Libertad to Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AE86826",null,null,"Cajacay, Cajatambo, Ancash, Peru.","Desciption des espèces nouvelles de la collection péruvienne de M. le Dr. Raimondi de Lima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/136/mode/1up","Carenochrous seebohmi"],["31471","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes schistaceus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.69","Slaty Brushfinch","Northern Slaty Brushfinch","Slaty Brushfinch","2025-1114","Taxon <em>taczanowskii </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Atlapetes schistaceus</em> based on genetics, plumage, and vocalizations. Although modest, mitochondrial DNA divergence (Sánchez-González et al. 2015) is greater than some other species pairs in this complex, and support for their monophyly is weak; further research would be informative.","montane cloudforest in Andes of northwestern Venezuela, including Sierra de Perijá, southward across all Andes of Colombia, and along the eastern Andes to central Ecuador (northeastern Morona Santiago)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774619","slabru1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slabru1","avibase-7A6A8753",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/79/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) schistaceus"],["31472","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes schistaceus fumidus","Wetmore & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66, no.2 p.13-14",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24D23AC5",null,null,"Cerro Tetari, 2,900 m., Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela.","A race of forest-inhabiting Finch from the Perijá Mountains of Venezuela and Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/29/mode/1up","Atlapetes schistaceus fumidus"],["31473","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes schistaceus castaneifrons","(Sclater & Salvin, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.235-236, pl. XXXV, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and eastern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F574F064",null,null,"'upper woodregion of the Páramo de la Culata, Mérida,' Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part V.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/331/mode/1up","Buarremon castaneifrons"],["31474","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes schistaceus tamae","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD88FF32",null,null,"Páramo de Tama, 6,000-7,000 ft., Táchira, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/18/mode/1up","Atlaptes castaneifrons tamae"],["31475","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes schistaceus schistaceus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CD4AB0D",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/79/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) schistaceus"],["31476","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes pallidiceps","(Sharpe, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.2","Pale-headed Brushfinch","Pale-headed Brushfinch","Pale-headed Brushfinch",null,null,"arid Andes of southwestern Ecuador (Azuay)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721487","phbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phbfin1","avibase-E350CC20",null,null,"Oña, Ecuador; type from Guishapa, Oña, Azuay, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 411.","Description of new species of birds in the collection of the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/160/mode/1up","Buarremon pallidiceps"],["31477","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes leucopterus","(Jardine, 1856)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 3 p.92","White-winged Brushfinch","White-winged Brushfinch",null,"2025-1113","Taxon <em>paynteri </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Atlapetes leucopterus</em> based on available evidence. Although <em>paynteri </em>differs in tail length, plumage is mostly variable within taxa, vocal differences are modest and based on small sample sizes, and a comprehensive genetic analysis is lacking; further research needed.","montane edge and scrub west of the Andes from far northwestern Ecuador to Cajamarca in northwestern Peru and east of the Andes locally in central Ecuador to northern Peru",null,null,null,"wwbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wwbfin1","avibase-B46A722B",null,null,"'Eastern Cordillera of Ecuador.' 2",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79851#page/106/mode/1up","Arremon leucopterus"],["31478","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes leucopterus leucopterus","(Jardine, 1856)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal n.s., 3 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Ecuador (southward to Chimbo Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8103B157",null,null,"'Eastern Cordillera of Ecuador.' 2",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79851#page/106/mode/1up","Arremon leucopterus"],["31479","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes leucopterus dresseri","(Taczanowski, 1883)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.70-71",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0626CB80",null,null,"Montana de Nancho, Cajamarca, Peru.","Desciption des espèces nouvelles de la collection péruvienne de M. le Dr. Raimondi de Lima.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/136/mode/1up","Carenochrous dresseri"],["31480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes leucopterus paynteri","Fitzpatrick, 1980","The Auk 97, no.4 p.883",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (northern Piura to Cajamarca border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDDB0C05",null,null,"The Cordillera del Condor, above San José de Lourdes, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru, 5 02'S, 78 51'W, elev. approx. 2200 m","A new race of Atlapetes leucopterus, with comments on widespread albinism in A. l. dresseri (Taczanowski).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol97/iss4/33/","Atlapetes leucopterus paynteri"],["31481","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes pallidinucha","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.68","Pale-naped Brushfinch","Pale-naped Brushfinch","Pale-naped Brushfinch",null,null,"montane forest and edge of eastern and central Andes from Táchira in southwestern Venezuela southwestward through Cajamarca, in far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721414","pnbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pnbfin1","avibase-B4E51F83",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/78/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) pallidinucha"],["31482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes pallidinucha pallidinucha","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and southwestern Venezuela (Mérida and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EDEA2BB",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/78/mode/1up","Tanagra (Arremon) pallidinucha"],["31483","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes pallidinucha papallactae","Hellmayr, 1913","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD0D75E2",null,null,"Papallacta, Napo, Ecuador.","Beschreibung von zwei neuen neotropischen Tangaren.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/338/mode/1up","Atlapetes pallidinucha papallactae"],["31484","species","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.154","Yellow-breasted Brushfinch","Yellow-breasted Brushfinch","Yellow-breasted Brushfinch","2025-1120","Taxon <em>nigrifrons </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Atlapetes latinuchus</em> based on plumage and vocalizations (Donegan &amp; Huertas 2006; Donegan et al. 2014), supported by unpublished mitochondrial DNA data. Plumage, vocalizations, and mtDNA all suggest that <em>nigrifrons </em>is more closely related to <em>A. albofrenatus</em> than <em>A. latinuchus</em>, so is treated here as a distinct species. However, reports of individuals with intermediate plumage traits require investigation and published genetic data are needed to confirm this split.","humid to semi-humid forest and scrub in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to north-central Peru (Ancash), in the eastern Andes mainly northeastern Colombia and more locally in northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103774301","yebbru2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebbru2","avibase-9FE395E9",null,null,"Colombia and Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/170/mode/1up","Buarremon latinuchus"],["31485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus elaeoprorus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.3 p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northern central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EAF2C79",null,null,"Medellin and Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.","Descriptions of some new Tanagers of the Genus Buarremon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90455#page/266/mode/1up","Buarremon elaeoprorus"],["31486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus yariguierum","Donegan & Huertas, 2006","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 126, no.2 p.98 [94-116]",null,null,null,null,null,"Yariguies Mountains, Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89FC6119",null,null,"Alto Cantagallos, Serrania de los Yariguies, San Vicente de Chucuri municipality, dpto. Santander, Colombia (06°49’N, 73°22’W).","A new brush-finch in the Atlapetes latinuchus complex fii'oni the Yariguies Mountains and adjacent Eastern Andes of Colombia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127046#page/20/mode/1up","Atlapetes latinuchus yariguierum"],["31487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus caucae","Chapman, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.250 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia (Valle and Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4DEA3AF",null,null,"Cerro Munchique, 8,325 ft., Western Andes, Cauca, Colombia.","Descriptions of new Birds from north-western Peru and western Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4109/","Atlapetes latinuchus caucae"],["31488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus spodionotus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.425-426",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia (Nariño) and northern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E9A7379",null,null,"Guapulo [Pichincha], Calacalí [Pichincha], and Sical [= (?) Sicalapa, Chimborazo], Ecuador.","Descriptions of some new Tanagers of the Genus Buarremon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/473/mode/1up","Buarremon spodionotus"],["31489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus comptus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.12 p.426-427",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador (Cañar to western Loja) and northern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACA92FC8",null,null,"Maravina, Azuay, Ecuador.","Descriptions of some new Tanagers of the Genus Buarremon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/474/mode/1up","Buarremon comptus"],["31490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus latinuchus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador (eastern Azuay and eastern Loja) to northeastern Peru (Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAC61C6C",null,null,"Colombia and Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/170/mode/1up","Buarremon latinuchus"],["31491","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus chugurensis","Chapman, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.250 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of northwestern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-151A5318",null,null,"Chugur, 9,000 ft., 40 mi. northwest of Cajamarca, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from north-western Peru and western Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4109/","Atlapetes latinuchus chugurensis"],["31492","subspecies","Passeriformes","Passerellidae","New World Sparrows","Atlapetes latinuchus baroni","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.5, pl. I, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley in Cajamarca and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8B4E3AC",null,null,"Cajabamba, 9,000 ft., and Huamachuco, 10,400 ft., Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/21/mode/1up","Buarremon baroni"],["31493","family","Passeriformes","Calyptophilidae","Chat-Tanagers","Calyptophilidae",null,null,"Chat-Tanagers","Chat-Tanagers","Chat-tanagers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"calypt2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/calypt2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["31494","genus","Passeriformes","Calyptophilidae","Chat-Tanagers","Calyptophilus","Cory, 1884","The Auk 1, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Phoenicophilus frugivorus [Cory, 1883]; type by monotypy",null,"Descriptions of several new birds from Santo Domingo.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss1/1/","Calyptophilus"],["31495","species","Passeriformes","Calyptophilidae","Chat-Tanagers","Calyptophilus tertius","Wetmore, 1929","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 81, no.13 p.2","Western Chat-Tanager","Western Chat-Tanager","Western Chat-tanager",null,null,"mountains of southern Haiti and far southwestern Dominican Republic (western Sierra de Bahorucos)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729082","wectan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wectan1","avibase-2C4E4A3C",null,null,"higher slopes of Morne La Hotte, Haiti.","Descriptions of four new forms of Birds from Hispaniola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35823#page/610/mode/1up","Calyptophilus tertius"],["31496","species","Passeriformes","Calyptophilidae","Chat-Tanagers","Calyptophilus frugivorus","(Cory, 1883)","The Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society 2 p.45","Eastern Chat-Tanager","Eastern Chat-Tanager","Eastern Chat-tanager",null,null,"Gonâve (just off western Haiti) and central and southwestern Dominican Republic (Hispaniola)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731255","eactan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/eactan1","avibase-FD0EC029",null,null,"Santo Domingo ; type from Almercen [= Villa Rivas], fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 358.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32867#page/69/mode/1up","Phoenicophilus frugivorus"],["31497","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptophilidae","Chat-Tanagers","Calyptophilus frugivorus frugivorus","(Cory, 1883)","The Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society 2 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"central Dominican Republic (Cordillera Central); formerly (?) also in lowlands of eastern Dominican Republic",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D196F31C",null,null,"Santo Domingo ; type from Almercen [= Villa Rivas], fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 358.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32867#page/69/mode/1up","Phoenicophilus frugivorus"],["31498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptophilidae","Chat-Tanagers","Calyptophilus frugivorus neibae","Bond & de Dod, 1977","Notulae Naturae 450 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Dominican Republic (Sierra de Neiba, Sierra Martin Garcia, and eastern Sierra de Bahorucos; populations in the last two mountain ranges perhaps an undescribed subspecies)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F41B5A48",null,null,"[Neiba Mountains, Dominican Republic]","A new race of chat tanager (Calyptophilus frugivorus) from the Dominican Republic.",null,"Calyptophilus frugivorus neibae"],["31499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Calyptophilidae","Chat-Tanagers","Calyptophilus frugivorus abbotti","Richmond & Swales, 1924","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Gonâve (off western Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-602314F7",null,null,"[La Mahotiere,] Gonave Island, Haiti; type from near La Mahotiere, fide Wetmore and Swales, 1931, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 426.","Descriptions of three new Birds from Gonave Island, Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/146/mode/1up","Calyptophilus frugivorus abbotti"],["31500","family","Passeriformes","Zeledoniidae","Wrenthrush","Zeledoniidae",null,null,"Wrenthrush","Wrenthrush","Wrenthrush",null,null,null,null,null,null,"zeledo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/zeledo1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["31501","genus","Passeriformes","Zeledoniidae","Wrenthrush","Zeledonia","Ridgway, 1889","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.750 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Zeledonia coronata [Ridgway, 1889]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/673/mode/1up","Zeledonia"],["31502","species","Passeriformes","Zeledoniidae","Wrenthrush","Zeledonia coronata","Ridgway, 1889","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.750 p.538","Wrenthrush","Wrenthrush","Wrenthrush",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722054","wrenth1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wrenth1","avibase-1A2164E0",null,null,"Laguna del Volcán de Poas, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/674/mode/1up","Zeledonia coronata"],["31503","family","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Phaenicophilidae",null,null,"Greater Antillean Tanagers","Greater Antillean Tanagers",null,"2026-029","Nesospingidae and Spindalidae are merged into an expanded Phaenicophilidae based on genetics. Genomic data (Oliveros et al. 2019) consistently unite the three families with high support indicating that they are part of an endemic Caribbean radiation with a relatively recent origin compared to other nine-primaried osscine families. The evolutionary history of this group is better reflected by combining them into a single family (Burns 2025).",null,null,null,null,"phaeni1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phaeni1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["31504","genus","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Xenoligea","Bond, 1967","Twelfth supplement to the check-list of birds of the West Indies (1956) 12thSupp. p.20",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Microligea montana [Chapman, 1917]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Xenoligea"],["31505","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Xenoligea montana","(Chapman, 1917)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37, art.12 p.330","White-winged Warbler","White-winged Warbler","White-winged Warbler",null,null,"montane forest of Hispaniola",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722076","whwwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwwar1","avibase-1F5D926C",null,null,"Mt. Tina, Azua, Santo Domingo.","Descriptions of new birds from Santo Domingo and remarks on others in the Brewster-Sanford collection.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1862","Microligea montana"],["31506","genus","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Microligea","Cory, 1884","The Auk 1, no.3 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ligea palustris [Cory, 1884]; type by original designation",null,"The Generic Name Ligea","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss3/24/","Microligea"],["31507","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Microligea palustris","(Cory, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.1 p.1 pl.1","Green-tailed Warbler","Green-tailed Warbler","Green-tailed Warbler",null,null,"lowland xeric to humid montane forest of Hispaniola (except far southwestern)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721864","grtwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtwar1","avibase-CE22ADAB",null,null,"Santo Domingo; restricted to Alcercen (=Villa Rivas), Dominican Republic, by Wetmore and Swales, 1931, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 394.","Descriptions of several new birds from Santo Domingo.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss1/1/","Ligea palustris"],["31508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Microligea palustris palustris","(Cory, 1884)","The Auk 1, no.1 p.1 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"higher elevations of Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D8AEAAE",null,null,"Santo Domingo; restricted to Alcercen (=Villa Rivas), Dominican Republic, by Wetmore and Swales, 1931, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 394.","Descriptions of several new birds from Santo Domingo.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss1/1/","Ligea palustris"],["31509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Microligea palustris vasta","Wetmore & Lincoln, 1931","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 44 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"xeric lowlands of southwestern Dominican Republic, including Beata Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E30F6CF",null,null,"Beata Island, Dominican Republic.","A new Warbler from Hispaniola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108192#page/141/mode/1up","Microligea palustris vasta"],["31510","genus","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Phaenicophilus","Strickland, 1851","Contributions to ornithology no.3 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus palmarum [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 74).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/356/mode/1up","Phaenicophilus"],["31511","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Phaenicophilus palmarum","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.295","Black-crowned Palm-tanager","Black-crowned Palm-Tanager","Black-crowned Palm-tanager",null,null,"lowlands of Hispaniola (except southern peninsular Haiti) including Saona Island",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722296","bcptan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcptan1","avibase-0979B6B9",null,null,"Cayenne ; error, Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/299/mode/1up","Turdus palmarum"],["31512","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Phaenicophilus poliocephalus","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.178","Grey-crowned Palm-tanager","Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager","Grey-crowned Palm-tanager",null,null,"forest, thickets, and gardens from lowlands to mountains of southwestern Haiti including satellite islands",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722301","gcptan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gcptan1","avibase-D3C190C7",null,null,"Hispaniola [= Haiti].","Note sur les Tangaras, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles - Suite et fin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/190/mode/1up","Dulus poliocephalus"],["31513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Phaenicophilus poliocephalus poliocephalus","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-264680CF",null,null,"Hispaniola [= Haiti].","Note sur les Tangaras, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles - Suite et fin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/190/mode/1up","Dulus poliocephalus"],["31514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Phaenicophilus poliocephalus coryi","Richmond & Swales, 1924","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Gonâve (off western Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E04C3B68",null,null,"Gonave Island, Haiti.","Descriptions of three new Birds from Gonave Island, Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/147/mode/1up","Phaenicophilus poliocephalus coryi"],["31515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Phaenicophilus poliocephalus tetraopes","Wetmore & Lincoln, 1932","The Auk 49, no.1 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Ile à Vache (off southwestern Hispaniola)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF89D9FB",null,null,"Île a Vache, Haiti.","Description of a new Tanager from Île à Vache, Haiti.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol49/iss1/4/","Phaenicophilus poliocephalus tetraopes"],["31516","genus","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Nesospingus","Sclater, 1885","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.11 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Chlorospingus speculiferus [Lawrence, 1875]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/313/mode/1up","Nesospingus"],["31517","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Nesospingus speculiferus","(Lawrence, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.383 pl.9 fig.1","Puerto Rican Tanager","Puerto Rican Tanager","Puerto Rican Tanager",null,null,"highlands of Puerto Rico",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722159","purtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purtan1","avibase-055C562F",null,null,"Porto Rico.","Descriptions of five new Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/423/mode/1up","Chlorospingus (?) speculiferus"],["31518","genus","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis","Jardine & Selby, 1837","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.2 pl.9, with text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Spindalis bilineatus [Jardine & Selby, 1837]; type by monotypy = Tanagra nigricephala Jameson, 1835  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/67/mode/1up","Spindalis"],["31519","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis zena","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181","Western Spindalis","Western Spindalis","Western Spindalis",null,null,"varied woodland types from lowlands to hills; Bahamas from Grand Bahama southward to Mayaguana, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cuba and satellite islands, Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula), and Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722522","wesspi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesspi","avibase-AA587D5F",null,null,"Bahama Islands [= New Providence, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 239] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla Zena"],["31520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis zena townsendi","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.600 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Bahama, the Abacos, and Green Turtle Cay (northern Bahamas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5872597",null,null,"Abaco Island, Bahamas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/17/mode/1up","Spindalis zena townsendi"],["31521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis zena zena","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Bahamas (including Berry, Andros, Green Cay, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat, Exuma, Long, Acklin, and Mayaguana islands), and Turks and Caicos Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C05B2D3E",null,null,"Bahama Islands [= New Providence, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 239] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla Zena"],["31522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis zena pretrei","(Lesson, 1831)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.122, pl. 45",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud and adjacent offshore cays",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2BC13D0",null,null,"Bresil; error, Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/212/mode/1up","Tanagra Pretrei"],["31523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis zena salvini","Cory, 1886","The Auk 3, no.4 p.499",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0CAAACC",null,null,"Grand Cayman, West Indies.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Spindalis salvini"],["31524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis zena benedicti","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel (off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24F3ACE0",null,null,"Cozumel [Island], Yucatan [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/378/mode/1up","Spindalis benedicti"],["31525","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis nigricephala","(Jameson, 1835)","The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 19 p.213","Jamaican Spindalis","Jamaican Spindalis","Jamaican Spindalis",null,null,"Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729092","jamspi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamspi","avibase-611D2C6B",null,null,"West India Islands [= Jamaica] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159320#page/235/mode/1up","Tanagra nigricephala"],["31526","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis dominicensis","(Bryant, 1867)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.92","Hispaniolan Spindalis","Hispaniolan Spindalis","Hispaniolan Spindalis",null,null,"Hispaniola including Gonâve",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729097","hisspi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hisspi","avibase-E5BFABA7",null,null,"San Domingo ; type from Port-au-Prince, Haiti, fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, pp. 405-406.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/106/mode/1up","Tanagra dominicensis"],["31527","species","Passeriformes","Phaenicophilidae","Greater Antillean Tanagers","Spindalis portoricensis","(Bryant, 1866)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 10 p.252","Puerto Rican Spindalis","Puerto Rican Spindalis","Puerto Rican Spindalis",null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729102","purspi","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purspi","avibase-5B4FFF78",null,null,"Porto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37035#page/260/mode/1up","Tanagra portoricensis"],["31528","family","Passeriformes","Teretistridae","Cuban Warblers","Teretistridae",null,null,"Cuban Warblers","Cuban Warblers","Cuban Warblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"tereti1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tereti1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["31529","genus","Passeriformes","Teretistridae","Cuban Warblers","Teretistris","Cabanis, 1855","Journal für Ornithologie 3, no.18 p.475,476",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Anabates fernandinae [Lembeye, 1850]; type by original designation",null,"Dr. J. Gundlach's Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Nach Mittheilungen des Reisenden an Hr. Bez.-Dir. Sezekorn in Cassel; von Letzterem zusammengestellt","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49380#page/487/mode/1up","Teretistris"],["31530","species","Passeriformes","Teretistridae","Cuban Warblers","Teretistris fernandinae","(Lembeye, 1850)","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.66 pl.5 fig.2","Yellow-headed Warbler","Yellow-headed Warbler","Yellow-headed Warbler",null,null,"forest undergrowth of western Cuba including Isla de la Juventud and Cayo Cantiles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721867","yehwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yehwar1","avibase-C235BE95",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/74/mode/1up","Anabates fernandinae"],["31531","species","Passeriformes","Teretistridae","Cuban Warblers","Teretistris fornsi","Gundlach, 1858","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.274","Oriente Warbler","Oriente Warbler","Oriente Warbler",null,null,"eastern Cuba, including larger cays north of Ciego de Ávila and Camagüey",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721870","oriwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oriwar1","avibase-F40FB0E8",null,null,"eastern Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/302/mode/1up","Teretistris fornsi"],["31532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Teretistridae","Cuban Warblers","Teretistris fornsi fornsi","Gundlach, 1858","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"humid mountains and semiarid coast of eastern Cuba and Camagüey Archipelago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76DA4D73",null,null,"eastern Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/302/mode/1up","Teretistris fornsi"],["31533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Teretistridae","Cuban Warblers","Teretistris fornsi turquinensis","Garrido, 2000","Cotinga 14 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Maestra of eastern Cuba in Pico Turquino region",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBC5EF69",null,null,"Pico Real del Turquino, at 1,800 m elevation, Sierra Maestra, Santiago de Cuba Province; 29 March 1980; collected by O. H. Garrido.","A new subspecies of Oriente Warbler Teretistris fornsi from Pico Turquino, Cuba, with ecological comments on the genus.","http://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org/articles/14/C14-ORWA.pdf","Teretistris fornsi turquinensis"],["31534","family","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icteridae",null,null,"New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Troupials and Allies","New World Blackbirds",null,null,null,null,null,null,"icteri1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/icteri1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["31535","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icteria","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.iv,85",null,null,null,"2025-1176","Monospecific <em>Icteria </em>is placed in Icteridae rather than Icteriidae based on genome-wide DNA data (Oliveros et al. 2019). Despite its distinctive morphology, the genetic divergence between <em>Icteria </em>and other members of the Icteridae is relatively shallow.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Icteria dumicola [Vieillot, 1807]; type by monotypy = Turdus virens Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/227/mode/1up","Icteria"],["31536","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icteria virens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171","Yellow-breasted Chat","Yellow-breasted Chat","Yellow-breasted Chat",null,null,"breeds in dense deciduous bushes, second-growth, and thickets from southwestern Canada eastward across USA to New York State and southward to central Baja California and across eastern and central Mexico (to Michoacan and Jalisco), the Gulf coast, and northern Florida; winters in southernmost Baja California, southern Florida, and from southeastern Mexico southward to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722057","yebcha","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcha","avibase-734C73A9",null,null,"America ; restricted to South Carolina, 200 or 300 miles from the sea, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 324.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Turdus virens"],["31537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icteria virens auricollis","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to Baja California and northern Mexico; winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86889FB2",null,null,"Mexico; type from Cimapan [= ? Zimapan] , Mexico [= ? Hidalgo] , fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Tanagra auricollis"],["31538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icteria virens virens","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central and eastern USA to Florida; winters to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0993CBBA",null,null,"America ; restricted to South Carolina, 200 or 300 miles from the sea, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 324.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/190/mode/1up","Turdus virens"],["31539","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Xanthocephalus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.431",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psarocolius perspicillatus [Wagler, 1829]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Icterus xanthocephalus Bonaparte, 1826  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/669/mode/1up","Xanthocephalus"],["31540","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus","(Bonaparte, 1826)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, pt.2, no.5 p.223","Yellow-headed Blackbird","Yellow-headed Blackbird","Yellow-headed Blackbird",null,null,"breeds southern Canada to northern Baja California and southern USA; winters to central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724169","yehbla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yehbla","avibase-3E2D0C9B",null,null,"Pawnee villages on the river Platte ; - along the Loup River, just west of Fullerton, Nance County, Nebraska, fide Swenk, 1933, Nebraska Bird Rev., 1, p. 34.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79357#page/245/mode/1up","Icterus xanthocephalus"],["31541","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Dolichonyx","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.435",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla oryzivora [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/451/mode/1up","Dolichonyx"],["31542","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Dolichonyx oryzivorus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179","Bobolink","Bobolink","Bobolink",null,null,"breeds grassland and meadows of North America; winters to southern South America",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724367","boboli","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/boboli","avibase-F845062F",null,null,"'in Cuba, ... in Carolinam ;' restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 301.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Fringilla oryzivora"],["31543","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.34",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Alauda magna [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy = Alauda magna Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f40.item","Sturnella"],["31544","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella neglecta","Audubon, 1844","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.339 pl.489","Western Meadowlark","Western Meadowlark","Western Meadowlark",null,null,"breeds in varied native and exotic grasslands and prairies from southern Canada (central British Columbia to Saskatchewan) southward across western and central USA to northern Baja California, and in central Mexico southward to northern Jalisco and Guanajuato; largely resident but northern birds winter in the USA southward to the Gulf coast and southward to southern Baja California and central Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724256","wesmea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wesmea","avibase-4A5B4883",null,null,"Missouri River above Fort Croghan [= Old Fort Union, North Dakota] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/489/mode/1up","Sturnella neglecta"],["31545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella neglecta neglecta","Audubon, 1844","The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. Second ed., octavo 7 p.339 pl.489",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern British Columbia to northern Baja California (northwestern Mexico), and Texas and Gulf States (southeastern USA)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8303D7A2",null,null,"Missouri River above Fort Croghan [= Old Fort Union, North Dakota] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124981#page/489/mode/1up","Sturnella neglecta"],["31546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella neglecta confluenta","Rathbun, 1917","The Auk 34, no.1 p.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern and central British Columbia to western Idaho and southern California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43E50BE4",null,null,"Seattle, Washington.","Description of a new subspecies of the Western Meadow-lark.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol34/iss1/6/","Sturnella neglecta confluenta"],["31547","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella lilianae","Oberholser, 1930","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 1 p.103 pl.18","Chihuahuan Meadowlark","Chihuahuan Meadowlark",null,"2025-0593","Taxon <em>lilianae </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sturnella magna</em> (polytypic) based on genetics and quantitative vocal differences (Beam et al. 2021). Genomic data did not recover the <em>S. magna-lilianae</em> complex as monophyletic but placed<em> S. magna</em> as sister to<em> S. neglecta </em>with strong support.","southwestern USA from northern Arizona, southern Colorado, and western Texas southward through Chihuahua (north-central Mexico) and western and central Mexico from Sinaloa and southern Durango southward to Estado de Mexico",null,null,null,"lilmea2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lilmea2","avibase-F707BD5F",null,null,"Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.","Notes on a collection of Birds from Arizona and New Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122944#page/27/mode/1up","Sturnella magna lilianae"],["31548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella lilianae auropectoralis","Saunders, 1934","The Auk 51, no.1 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico from southern Sinaloa, coastal Nayarit, and southern Durango across the Trans-Volcanic Belt eastward to the upper Río Lerma, Estado de México; populations between México and the Sierra Madre Oriental, in Tlaxcala, Puebla, and adjacent areas, also may represent auropectoralis, but this requires confirmation",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B70A467",null,null,"Tuxpan, Jalisco, Mexico.","Description of a new Meadowlark from south-western Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol51/iss1/8/","Sturnella magna auropectoralis"],["31549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella lilianae lilianae","Oberholser, 1930","Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 1 p.103 pl.18",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Arizona to eastern New Mexico, southwestern Texas, southern Sonora, and northwestern Chihuahua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18D6C99D",null,null,"Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.","Notes on a collection of Birds from Arizona and New Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122944#page/27/mode/1up","Sturnella magna lilianae"],["31550","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.167","Eastern Meadowlark","Eastern Meadowlark",null,"2025-0593","Taxon <em>lilianae </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Sturnella magna</em> (polytypic) based on genetics and quantitative vocal differences (Beam et al. 2021). Genomic data did not recover the <em>S. magna-lilianae</em> complex as monophyletic but placed<em> S. magna</em> as sister to<em> S. neglecta </em>with strong support.","varied grassland and savanna habitats from southeastern Canada and north-central and northeastern USA southward to the Gulf coast and southern Florida, Cuba, from southern Texas southward in eastern Mexico locally to northern and central Colombia and Venezuela, the tepuis of southern Venezuela, northern Brazil (Roraima), and adjacent Guyana, and in northern Guianas eastward to northeastern Brazil (Amapá and northern Pará); withdraws from northern tier of range in winter",null,null,null,"easmea","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/easmea","avibase-8CD66855",null,null,"'in America, Africa' ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 301.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/186/mode/1up","A[lauda] magna"],["31551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna magna","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern Ontario eastward to Quebec and southward to northern Texas and northeastern Georgia; winters southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E750E32",null,null,"'in America, Africa' ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 301.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/186/mode/1up","A[lauda] magna"],["31552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna argutula","Bangs, 1899","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Kansas and Oklahoma to eastern USA (Carolinas to Florida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-392C51B4",null,null,"Dunedin, Hillsboro County, Florida.","The Florida Meadowlark.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45427#page/34/mode/1up","Sturnella magna argutula"],["31553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna hoopesi","Stone, 1897","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 49 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (Eagle Pass) to northern Coahuila, Nuevo León, and northern Tamaulipas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63C65F2B",null,null,"Brownsville, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18049#page/151/mode/1up","Sturnella magna hoopesi"],["31554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna saundersi","Dickerman & Phillips, 1970","The Condor 72, no.3 p.308",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7BB7566",null,null,"9 km S. of Niltepec, Oaxaca, elev. of 5-25 m","Taxonomy of the Common Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) in central and southern Mexico and Caribbean Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol72/iss3/7/","Sturnella magna saundersi"],["31555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna alticola","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Guerrero, southern Puebla, and Veracruz) to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2F1AA21",null,null,"Ocuilapa, Chiapas, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Sturnella magna alticola"],["31556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna mexicana","Sclater, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.10 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz and Tabasco to Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-661CE8C1",null,null,"no locality; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 213.","Notice of the occurrence of the American Meadow-Starling (Sturnella ludoviciana) in England.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/211/mode/1up","Sturnella mexicana"],["31557","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna griscomi","Van Tyne & Trautman, 1941","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.439 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (arid coastal of northern Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-654EBEBC",null,null,"Progreso, Yucatan.","New Birds from Yucatán.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56878","Sturnella magna griscomi"],["31558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna inexspectata","Ridgway, 1888","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.587",null,null,null,null,null,"pine savanna of Belize, Petén of Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8B6412A",null,null,"Segovia River, Honduras.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/601/mode/1up","Sturnella magna inexspectata"],["31559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna subulata","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9D575CD2",null,null,"Boquete, 4,000 ft.. Pacific slope of Chiriquí, western Panama.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/465/mode/1up","Sturnella magna subulata"],["31560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna meridionalis","Sclater, 1861","Ibis ser.1, vol.3, no.10 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to Andes of northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6553B1C0",null,null,"New Grenada and Venezuela ; type from 'Bogotá', fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool., Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 215.","Notice of the occurrence of the American Meadow-Starling (Sturnella ludoviciana) in England.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/258389#page/211/mode/1up","Sturnella meridionalis"],["31561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna paralios","Bangs, 1901","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.56",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia and savannas of western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEC0B101",null,null,"San Sebastian, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","A new meadowlark from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/92/mode/1up","Sturnella magna paralios"],["31562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna praticola","Chubb, 1921","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.8 p.445",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia eastward to southeastern Venezuela and southwestern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DBE19722",null,null,"Abary River, British Guiana.","XLVII. On new Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63679#page/481/mode/1up","Sturnella magna praticola"],["31563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna monticola","Chubb, 1921","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.8, no.46 p.444-445",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Bolívar) and Guyana eastward to French Guiana and far northern Brazil (Mount Roraima and Amapá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9F2E4A8",null,null,"Mount Roraima, British Guiana [= Venezuela] .","XLVII. On new Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63679#page/480/mode/1up","Sturnella magna monticola"],["31564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Sturnella magna hippocrepis","(Wagler, 1832)","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74323574",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/159/mode/1up","Sturnus hippocrepis"],["31565","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes","Vigors, 1825","The Zoological Journal 2, no.6 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus americanus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation = Emberiza militaris Linnaeus, 1758",null,"Sketches in ornithology; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/219/mode/1up","Leistes"],["31566","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes militaris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.178","Red-breasted Meadowlark","Red-breasted Meadowlark","Red-breasted Meadowlark",null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to Trinidad and the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729346","rebbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebbla1","avibase-5E08EF73",null,null,"'in America, Asia' ; Surinam designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 33.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/197/mode/1up","E[mberiza] militaris"],["31567","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes superciliaris","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.430","White-browed Meadowlark","White-browed Meadowlark","White-browed Meadowlark",null,null,"far southeastern Peru to Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, and Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724218","whbbla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbbla2","avibase-2A95552E",null,null,"'Mexico', error; Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Brazil] substituted by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 123.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/666/mode/1up","Trupialis superciliaris"],["31568","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes bellicosus","(de Filippi, 1847)","Museum Mediolanense: Animalia vertebrata, Classis II, Aves cl.2 Aves p.15,32","Peruvian Meadowlark","Peruvian Meadowlark","Peruvian Meadowlark",null,null,"grassland and fields from lowlands to mountains on Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia to Region I of far northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724226","permea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/permea1","avibase-822B2E03",null,null,"Lima, Peru, suggested by Zimmer, 1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 434.",null,null,"Sturnella bellicosa"],["31569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes bellicosus bellicosus","(de Filippi, 1847)","Museum Mediolanense: Animalia vertebrata, Classis II, Aves cl.2 Aves p.15,32",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53FF69A0",null,null,"Lima, Peru, suggested by Zimmer, 1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 434.",null,null,"Sturnella bellicosa"],["31570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes bellicosus albipes","Philippi & Landbeck, 1861","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 19 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"arid littoral of southwestern Peru (Ica) to far northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88B0D29E",null,null,"Peru ; type from Arica, fide Gigoux and Looser, 1930, Bol. Mus. Nac. Santiago, 13, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203210#page/630/mode/1up","Leistes albipes"],["31571","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes defilippii","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.429","Pampas Meadowlark","Pampas Meadowlark","Pampas Meadowlark",null,null,"tall-grass pampas mainly of southern Buenos Aires Province (east-central Argentina) and Uruguay; formerly Rio Grande do Sul (southeastern Brazil)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724229","pammea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pammea1","avibase-E39D145D",null,null,"'ex Bras., Parag., Montevideo'; type from Montevideo, Uruguay, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 207.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/665/mode/1up","Trupialis defiilippii"],["31572","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes loyca","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.254,345","Long-tailed Meadowlark","Long-tailed Meadowlark","Long-tailed Meadowlark",null,null,"grassland, scrub, and fields from lowlands to mountains from northern Jujuy (far northwestern Argentina) and Region III of northern Chile eastward in Buenos Aires province and southward to Tierra del Fuego, including mountains of Cordoba and San Luis (north-central Argentina), and Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724243","lotmea1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lotmea1","avibase-116A0791",null,null,"Chili",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=255&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Sturnus Loyca"],["31573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes loyca loyca","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.254,345",null,null,null,null,null,"Chile (southern Atacama southward to Cape Horn) and Argentina (San Juan, Mendoza, and Buenos Aires southward to Tierra del Fuego)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33A9CAEA",null,null,"Chili",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=255&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Sturnus Loyca"],["31574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes loyca catamarcanus","(Zotta, 1937)","El Hornero 6 p.449",null,null,null,null,null,"Jujuy and Catamarca (northwestern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-909F277F",null,null,"Corral Quemado, Catamarca, Argentina.","Una nueva subspecie de Pecho colorado Pezites militaris catamarcanus subsp. nov..","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/321","Pezites militaris catamarcanus"],["31575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes loyca obscurus","(Nores & Yzurieta, 1979)","Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Córdoba, Argentina) Miscelanea no.61 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierras de Córdoba and San Luis (central Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B888CE04",null,null,"Sierras Grandes de Córdoba (Pampa de Achala, 2150 m asl) [Argentina], 31 Oct. 1977","Una nueva especie y dos nuevas subespecies de aves (Passeriformes).","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-ZMZeGspzieCpnfkiUdQRbJor2irs_ZC/view","Sturnella loyca obscura"],["31576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Leistes loyca falklandicus","(Leverkühn, 1889)","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.185 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0DEAA474",null,null,"Falkland Islands.","Südamerikanische Nova aus dem Kieler Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/120/mode/1up","Trupialis militaris (L.) subsp. falklandica"],["31577","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Amblycercus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Amblyramphus prevostii [Lesson, 1831]; type by original designation = Sturnus holosericeus Deppe, 1830  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/206/mode/1up","Amblycercus"],["31578","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Amblycercus holosericeus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1","Yellow-billed Cacique","Yellow-billed Cacique","Yellow-billed Cacique",null,null,"disjunctly in dry to humid montane forest and bamboo from the Gulf slope in southern Tamaulipas and on the Pacific slope from Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) southward through Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to Panama and northwestern Colombia, west of the Andes southward to northwestern Peru, in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and the eastern Andes from northern Peru southward to central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724065","yebcac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcac1","avibase-8DAADD7F",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Alvarado, Veracruz, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 41.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Sturnus holosericeus"],["31579","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Amblycercus holosericeus holosericeus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí) to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC63F8B4",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Alvarado, Veracruz, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 41.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/67/mode/1up","Sturnus holosericeus"],["31580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Amblycercus holosericeus flavirostris","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.659",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia to western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F34A93A9",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Amblycercus holosericeus flavirostris"],["31581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Amblycercus holosericeus australis","Chapman, 1919","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, art.5 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to northwestern Venezuela, eastern Peru, and west-central Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-935B32C8",null,null,"Incachaca, 7,700 ft., Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Amblycercus holosericeus australis"],["31582","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cassiculus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 no.6 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cassiculus coronatus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy = Icterus melanicterus Bonaparte, 1825",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/452/mode/1up","Cassiculus"],["31583","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cassiculus melanicterus","(Bonaparte, 1825)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, pt.2, no.12 p.389","Mexican Cacique","Yellow-winged Cacique","Yellow-winged Cacique",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of western Mexico (southeastern Sonora) to southeastern Guatemala and northwestern El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724061","yewcac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yewcac1","avibase-B966FC72",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Temascaltepec, Mexico by van Rossem, 1945, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 21, p. 234.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79352#page/403/mode/1up","Icterus melanicterus"],["31584","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius","Wagler, 1827","Systema Avium pt.1 p.337",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus cristatus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 68). = Xanthornus decumanus Pallas, 1769",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/379/mode/1up","Psarocolius"],["31585","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius wagleri","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.342 pl.85","Chestnut-headed Oropendola","Chestnut-headed Oropendola","Chestnut-headed Oropendola",null,null,"Caribbean slope from central Veracruz (eastern Mexico) southward through Belize (but not Yucatan Peninsula) through Nicaragua, thence both slopes through Costa Rica and Panama, to northwestern Colombia and southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723994","chhoro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhoro1","avibase-0B4AD6B3",null,null,"no type locality; 'Coban,' Guatemala, designated by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 405.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/105/mode/1up","C[acicus] Wagleri"],["31586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius wagleri wagleri","(Gray, 1844)","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.342 pl.85",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFD6FA5D",null,null,"no type locality; 'Coban,' Guatemala, designated by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 405.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/105/mode/1up","C[acicus] Wagleri"],["31587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius wagleri ridgwayi","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Honduras to Panama, western Colombia, and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79690548",null,null,"Limon, Limon, Costa Rica.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. A. Notes on some species and subspecies of Guatemala Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/451/mode/1up","Zarhynchus wagleri ridgwayi"],["31588","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius atrovirens","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.1","Dusky-green Oropendola","Dusky-green Oropendola","Dusky-green Oropendola",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and northwestern to central Bolivia (La Paz to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723988","dugoro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dugoro1","avibase-9EAB043D",null,null,"mountains of Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/175/mode/1up","Cassicus atro-virens"],["31589","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.66, pl.62","Russet-backed Oropendola","Russet-backed Oropendola",null,"2025-0585","Taxon <em>oleagineus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Psarocolius angustifrons</em> pending further research. Phenotypic and vocal (e.g., Price &amp; Lanyon 2002a, 2002b, 2004) variation within <em>P. angustifrons </em>is complex and multiple species may be present; however, an integrative study of variation in voice, plumage, and genetics is needed before any changes are made.","humid montane forest from the coastal mountains in north-central Venezuela and the Venezuelan Andes, including the Sierra de Perijá, southward along all Andes of Colombia to eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and rainforest in the Amazon basin from eastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia and eastward along the Amazon River to the Rio Negro (Amazonas)",null,null,null,"ruboro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruboro1","avibase-A7ED11A4",null,null,"'in confinibus fl. Amazonum' ; restricted to São Paulo de Olivença, south bank of the upper Rio Solimões, Brazil, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 550.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/86/mode/1up","Cassicus angustifrons"],["31590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons salmoni","(Sclater, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.153 pl.6",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CE2282D",null,null,"Antioquia, Colombia.","Review of the Species of the Family Icteridae. Part I. Cassicinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/195/mode/1up","Ostinops salmoni"],["31591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons atrocastaneus","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66CB76FE",null,null,"Ecuador ; type from Nanegal, western Ecuador, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 21.","[Beachtung der Diagnosen von d'Orbigny und Wagler].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/321/mode/1up","Ostinops atrocastaneus"],["31592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons sincipitalis","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and upper Magdalena Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD33B503",null,null,"'Neu-Granada' [= 'Bogotá', Colombia].","[Beachtung der Diagnosen von d'Orbigny und Wagler].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/321/mode/1up","Ostinops sincipitalis"],["31593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons neglectus","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-747EA979",null,null,"Monteredondo [= Monterredondo, near Quetame, above Buenavista] , eastern slope of Eastern Andes, 5,800 ft., Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Ostinops sincipitalis neglectus"],["31594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons oleagineus","(Sclater, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.154 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela and interior mountains (Aragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F65127F8",null,null,"'Venezuela' ; Caracas suggested by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12(75), p. 297.","Review of the Species of the Family Icteridae. Part I. Cassicinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/196/mode/1up","Ostinops oleagineus"],["31595","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons angustifrons","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.66, pl.62",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil (Amazonian lowlands eastward to lower Rio Purus)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E0BB222",null,null,"'in confinibus fl. Amazonum' ; restricted to São Paulo de Olivença, south bank of the upper Rio Solimões, Brazil, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 550.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/86/mode/1up","Cassicus angustifrons"],["31596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius angustifrons alfredi","(des Murs, 1856)","Expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud de Rio de Janeiro à Lima et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. Septième partie. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition (etc.). Oiseaux 1 Ois. p.67 pl.19 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador to eastern Peru and central Bolivia (eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A06F0E8",null,null,"Valley of Santa Ana, Cuzco, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121832#page/237/mode/1up","Cassicus Alfredi"],["31597","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius decumanus","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.6 p.1 pl.1","Crested Oropendola","Crested Oropendola","Crested Oropendola",null,null,"humid forest from far southern Costa Rica (where a recent colonist) eastward to the lowlands of northern and central Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas, and east of the Andes in the Orinoco and Amazon basins of Venezuela and eastern Colombia southward to Peru, eastern Bolivia, and eastern Brazil from Bahia southward, in the Yungas to Tucuman (northwestern Argentina), and eastward to northeastern Argentina and far southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723982","creoro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/creoro1","avibase-509940AF",null,null,"America [reference not verified] ; type from Surinam, fide Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 122.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/227/mode/1up","Xanthornus decumanus"],["31598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius decumanus melanterus","(Todd, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Panama and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EED89C9",null,null,"Las Vegas, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/23/mode/1up","Ostinops decumanus melanterus"],["31599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius decumanus insularis","(de Dalmas, 1900)","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 13 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89819E37",null,null,"Island of Tobago.","Note sur une collection d'oiseaux de l'île de Tobago (mer des Antilles).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38549#page/165/mode/1up","Ostinops decumanus insularis"],["31600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius decumanus decumanus","(Pallas, 1769)","Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur 1 fasc.6 p.1 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D90DA1AF",null,null,"America [reference not verified] ; type from Surinam, fide Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 122.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88609#page/227/mode/1up","Xanthornus decumanus"],["31601","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius decumanus maculosus","(Chapman, 1920)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 33 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru to Bolivia (except southwest), Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6008AD51",null,null,"Yungas, 3,600 ft., Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Unusual types of apparent geographic variation in color and of individual variation in size exhibited by Ostinops decumanus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22858#page/46/mode/1up","Ostinops decumanus maculosus"],["31602","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius viridis","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.87","Green Oropendola","Green Oropendola","Green Oropendola",null,null,"the Guianas and southern Venezuela to northeastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia (eastern Pando), and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723985","greoro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greoro1","avibase-FC234BA1",null,null,"Cayenne ; based on 'Cassique Vert, de Cajenne' of Daubenton, 1765-80, Planches enlum., pl. 328.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/107/mode/1up","Oriolus viridis"],["31603","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius bifasciatus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.65, pl.61","Olive Oropendola","Olive Oropendola","Olive Oropendola","2025-0586","Taxon <em>yuracares </em>(polytypic, including <em>neivae</em>) is treated as conspecific with <em>Psarocolius bifasciatus</em> based on plumage. Subspecies <em>neivae </em>is intermediate in plumage between <em>yuracares </em>and <em>bifasciatus </em>and may represent a hybrid swarm between the two (Haffer 1974); further research needed.","humid forest in the southern Orinoco basin in southern Venezuela, southward across the Amazon basin in Brazil (southward to Mato Grosso), westward to eastern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and southward to northern and central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724017","olioro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olioro1","avibase-F1A7591B",null,null,"'in sylvis prope Maranhao et Param' ; restricted to environs of Belém, Pará, Brazil by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 545.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/85/mode/1up","Cassicus bifasciatus"],["31604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern and eastern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil (north of the Amazon River eastward to the right bank of the Rio Negro, south of the Amazon River eastward to the left bank of the Rio Tapajós in eastern Amazonas, western Pará, and western Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B625DA9",null,null,"Yuracares, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/176/mode/1up","C[assicus] yuracares"],["31605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius bifasciatus neivae","(Snethlage, 1925)","Journal für Ornithologie 73, no.2 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tapajós to Rio Xingú)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D110075E",null,null,"Rio Iriri [a western tributary of the Rio Xingii], Pará, Brazil.","Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Brasilen.","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01906331","Gymnostinops neivae"],["31606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius bifasciatus bifasciatus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.65, pl.61",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Tocantins to Belém and northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCEE63B7",null,null,"'in sylvis prope Maranhao et Param' ; restricted to environs of Belém, Pará, Brazil by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 545.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/85/mode/1up","Cassicus bifasciatus"],["31607","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius montezuma","(Lesson, 1830)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 2 p.33 pl.7","Montezuma Oropendola","Montezuma Oropendola","Montezuma Oropendola",null,null,"Gulf-Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Mexico to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724004","monoro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monoro1","avibase-156BF650",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/49/mode/1up","Cacicus Montezuma"],["31608","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius guatimozinus","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.833","Black Oropendola","Black Oropendola","Black Oropendola",null,null,"humid lowlands of eastern Panama and northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724025","blaoro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blaoro1","avibase-0BA83156",null,null,"Guaripata [= Garrapata], middle Río Magdalena, near Malena, Antioquia, Colombia.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Seconde communication : Passereaux cultrirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/843/mode/1up","Ostinops guatimozinus"],["31609","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Psarocolius cassini","(Richmond, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.327","Baudo Oropendola","Baudo Oropendola","Baudo Oropendola",null,null,"northeastern Colombia (northern Chocó)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724010","bauoro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bauoro2","avibase-B7EA49C4",null,null,"Camp Albert, Río Truando, northern Chocó, Colombia.","Description of a new species of Gymnostinops.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/9/","Gymnostinops cassini"],["31610","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus","de Lacépède, 1799","Discours d’ouverture et de clôture du cours d’histoire naturelle donné dans le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, l’an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus haemorrhous [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent monotypy (Zimmer, 1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, no. 7, p. 434).   ",null,null,"https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA6#v=onepage","Cacicus"],["31611","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus solitarius","Vieillot, 1816","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 5 p.364","Solitary Cacique","Solitary Black Cacique","Solitary Cacique",null,null,"southwestern Venezuela (Táchira, Apure) southward through eastern Colombia (Meta), eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru, Brazil (south of Amazon eastward to Ceará, Pernambuco, and western Bahia; perhaps locally north of the Amazon River on Rio Branco, in Roraima) southward to northern and eastern Bolivia (Pando southeastward to Tarija), Chaco of Paraguay, northern and eastern Argentina (southward to Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, and Buenos Aires) and western Uruguay (locally along Río Uruguay)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724057","sobcac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sobcac1","avibase-FF72F24A",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60103#page/390/mode/1up","Cassicus solitarius"],["31612","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus chrysopterus","(Vigors, 1825)","The Zoological Journal 2, no.6 p.190","Golden-winged Cacique","Golden-winged Cacique","Golden-winged Cacique",null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (southern Santa Cruz to Tarija) to Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724046","gowcac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowcac1","avibase-F2510641",null,null,"Brasil.","XX. Sketches in Ornithology ; or Observations on the leading Affinities of some of the more extensive groups of Birds. [Continued from p. 70.]'","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87917#page/218/mode/1up","Xanthornus Chrysopterus"],["31613","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus sclateri","(Dubois, 1887)","Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 5 p.1 pl.1","Ecuadorian Cacique","Ecuadorian Cacique","Ecuadorian Cacique",null,null,"tropical forest of eastern Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724054","ecucac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ecucac1","avibase-91B94FDB",null,null,"Ecuador.","Deux nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34999#page/11/mode/1up","Agelaeus sclateri"],["31614","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus koepckeae","Lowery & O'Neill, 1965","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 33 p.1","Selva Cacique","Selva Cacique","Selva Cacique",null,null,"southeastern Peru (known from 3 localities)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724043","selcac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/selcac1","avibase-7354E7B8",null,null,"Balta, lat. 10° 08' S., long. 71° 13' W., ca. 300 m., Loreto, Peru.","A new species of Cacicus (Aves: Icteridae).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/22/","Cacicus koepckeae"],["31615","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus cela","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191","Yellow-rumped Cacique","Yellow-rumped Cacique",null,"2025-0587","Taxon <em>flavicrissus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Cacicus cela</em> pending further research. Differences in plumage are maintained range-wide including in a zone of near-parapatry, and limited mitochondrial DNA data indicate a deep divergence (Powell et al. 2014) but vocal data are equivocal regarding species status; the vocal repertoire is large and colony-specific (Feekes 1981), confounding identification of homologous vocalizations (Boesman 2016ggg). Broader genetic sampling based on nuclear or genomic DNA, and an iN0depth analysis of vocalizations would be informative.","humid and deciduous forest from central Panama westward to the lowlands of Colombia and Venezuela, in the Pacific lowlands from far southwestern Colombia to far northwestern Peru, and east of the Andes from the lowlands of northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin, and in the Atlantic Forest of east-central Brazil from Paraiba southward to São Paulo",null,null,null,"yercac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yercac1","avibase-EC71EBAC",null,null,"'in Indiis,' error; Surinam substituted by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","Parus Cela"],["31616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus cela vitellinus","Lawrence, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama (Canal Zone) to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B3F3891",null,null,"New Granada, Isthmus of Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/115/mode/1up","Cassicus vitellinus"],["31617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus cela flavicrissus","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF299BBA",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/358/mode/1up","Cassiculus flavicrissus"],["31618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus cela cela","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands east of Andes from Colombia (including Caribbean coast near Santa Marta), most of Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and southern Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); also coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco southward to southeastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EFA0D83",null,null,"'in Indiis,' error; Surinam substituted by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/211/mode/1up","Parus Cela"],["31619","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus uropygialis","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290","Scarlet-rumped Cacique","Scarlet-rumped Cacique",null,"2025-0588","Monotypic taxa <em>pacificus </em>and <em>microrhynchus </em>are treated as conspecific with <em>Cacicus uropygialis</em> pending further research. Sometimes treated as two or three species based on plumage, vocalizations, macro-ecology, or genetics; however, the available data are contradictory regarding relationships. Overall, the three taxa are similar in plumage but mitochondrial DNA data (Powell et al. 2014) recovered <em>uropygialis </em>and <em>pacificus </em>as sister taxa, and deeply diverged from <em>microrhynchus</em>, whereas macro-ecological data align lowland <em>microrhynchus </em>with <em>pacificus </em>(e.g., Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001). Formal analyses of vocalizations and assessment of gene flow among taxa are needed.","humid forest from eastern Honduras southward to the lowlands of northwestern Colombia and southward along the Pacific lowlands to southern Ecuador (El Oro); also in humid cloudforest in the Andes from western Venezuela, including the Sierra de Perjia, southward along all Andes of Colombia and eastern Andes of Ecuador to southern Peru (Cusco and Ayacucho)",null,null,null,"scrcac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrcac1","avibase-73399D4E",null,null,"Colombia ; type from 'Bogotá', fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 70, p. 417.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Cassicus uropygialis"],["31620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus uropygialis microrhynchus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Honduras to eastern Panama (except Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D0A4048",null,null,"Lion Hill Station [?] on the Panama Railway.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/437/mode/1up","Cassiculus microrhynchus"],["31621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus uropygialis pacificus","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.657",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) to western Colombia and western Ecuador (El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43C2C997",null,null,"Alto Bonito, Río Sucio, Chocó, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Cacicus uropygialis pacificus"],["31622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus uropygialis uropygialis","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and southeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD9FCAA1",null,null,"Colombia ; type from 'Bogotá', fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 70, p. 417.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Cassicus uropygialis"],["31623","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus chrysonotus","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.3","Mountain Cacique","Mountain Cacique","Mountain Cacique","2025-0589","Taxon <em>leucoramphus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with<em> Cacicus chrysonotus</em> based on phenotypic evidence of intermediacy (Hosner et al. 2015) and lack of supporting data on vocal differentiation. However, Powell et al. (2014) found relatively deep mitochondrial DNA divergence between representative samples. A formal analysis of vocal differences, including assessment of homologous vocalizations and analysis of intraspecific variation, and assessment of gene flow across contact zones is needed.","montane cloudforest in the Andes from far western Venezuela southward across all Andes of Colombia, eastern Andes of Ecuador (including the Cajas plateau), and eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731284","moucac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/moucac1","avibase-4663E94B",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/177/mode/1up","[Cassicus] Chrysonotus"],["31624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus chrysonotus leucoramphus","(Bonaparte, 1845)","Atti della Sesta Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Milano nel settembre del 1844 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela (Táchira) and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-973C99A5",null,null,"'Bogotá', Colombia.",null,null,"Xanthornus leucoramphus"],["31625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus chrysonotus peruvianus","Zimmer, 1924","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (southward to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2087D43",null,null,"mountains near Panao, Huánuco, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/24/mode/1up","Cassicus letworamphus peruvianus"],["31626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus chrysonotus chrysonotus","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B92BF113",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/177/mode/1up","[Cassicus] Chrysonotus"],["31627","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus haemorrhous","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.161","Red-rumped Cacique","Red-rumped Cacique","Red-rumped Cacique",null,null,"disjunctly in humid and gallery forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil southward across the Amazon to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia (to Santa Cruz) and Mato Grosso (central Brazil) and eastward to Maranhão, and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil from Alagoas southward to eastern Parguay, northeastern Argentina (to Corrientes), and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724034","rercac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rercac1","avibase-020E6199",null,null,"'Bresil &. . . Cayenne'; type from Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/165/mode/1up","O[riolus] haemorrhous"],["31628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus haemorrhous haemorrhous","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and southeastern Venezuela eastward to far northern Brazil (Roraima) and French Guiana, and southward to eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39D56256",null,null,"'Bresil &. . . Cayenne'; type from Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/165/mode/1up","O[riolus] haemorrhous"],["31629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus haemorrhous pachyrhynchus","Berlepsch, 1889","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.187 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazon basin from eastern Peru and northern Bolivia (Pando to Cochabamba and far northern Santa Cruz), and Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas to Pará and Rondônia to Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D7DC96",null,null,"Tarapoto (Cumbase), Peru","Systematisches Verzeichniss der von Herrn Gustav Garlepp in Brasilien, und Nord-Peru im Gebiete des oberen Amazonas gesammelten Vogelbälge","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/311/mode/1up","Cassicus pachyrhynchus"],["31630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus haemorrhous affinis","Swainson, 1834","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil 1 pl.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to eastern and southern Brazil (southern Tocantins to Pernambuco southward to Santa Catarina) and northeastern Argentina (southward to northern Corrientes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EB1B10C",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to eastern Bahia by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 544.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/19/mode/1up","Cassicus affinis"],["31631","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus latirostris","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.358","Band-tailed Cacique","Band-tailed Cacique","Band-tailed Cacique",null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and far western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723997","batoro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batoro1","avibase-E3289E7B",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/370/mode/1up","Cassicus latirostris"],["31632","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Cacicus oseryi","Deville, 1849","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.1 p.57","Casqued Cacique","Casqued Cacique","Casqued Cacique",null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia (northern La Paz), and far southwestern Brazil (Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723976","casoro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casoro2","avibase-408714DF",null,null,"Pebas, sur le Haut-Amazone [Peru].","Description de quelques Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux de l'Amérique méridionale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19604#page/69/mode/1up","Cassicus Oseryi"],["31633","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 1 p.30;2, p.85",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus icterus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by tautonymy = Oriolus icterus Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111091#page/72/mode/1up","Icterus"],["31634","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus parisorum","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.110","Scott's Oriole","Scott's Oriole","Scott's Oriole",null,null,"arid southwestern USA to southern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724160","scoori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scoori","avibase-9EE6D524",null,null,"Mexico.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/282/mode/1up","Icterus Parisorum"],["31635","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus chrysater","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.9 col.204","Yellow-backed Oriole","Yellow-backed Oriole","Yellow-backed Oriole",null,null,"disjunctly in semi-humid forest, including pine forest, xeric scrub, and thorn woodland, from eastern Oaxaca and the Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico) southward to northern Nicaragua, from western Panama eastward to northwestern Colombia, from the Andes of western Venezuela and all Andes of Colombia southward to far southern Colombia (recorded northern Ecuador), on Santa Marta and Perijá ranges (northeastern Colombia), and coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón eastward to Miranda)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724084","yebori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebori1","avibase-379A7116",null,null,"Mexico.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (12e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/76/mode/1up","Xanthornus chrysater"],["31636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus chrysater chrysater","(Lesson, 1844)","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 no.9 col.204",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to Belize, Guatemala, and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82E4D64D",null,null,"Mexico.","Catalogue des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé. (12e article.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/76/mode/1up","Xanthornus chrysater"],["31637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus chrysater mayensis","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (northern Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-77A8CE0D",null,null,"Peto, Yucatan, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/174/mode/1up","Icterus chrysater mayensis"],["31638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus chrysater giraudii","Cassin, 1848","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3, no.12 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama eastward to northwestern Venezuela and southward to southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C843FCD5",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17669#page/339/mode/1up","Icterus Giraudii"],["31639","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus graduacauda","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.105","Audubon's Oriole","Audubon's Oriole","Audubon's Oriole",null,null,"south-central Texas to central Veracruz and Nayarit to Oaxaca on Pacific slope",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724081","audori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/audori","avibase-13B1B968",null,null,"Mexico.","Avium species novae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/113/mode/1up","Icterus graduacauda"],["31640","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus graduacauda audubonii","Giraud, 1841","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[3]",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (USA) and eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12D3A6CF",null,null,"Texas [reference not verified] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/13/mode/1up","Icterus audubonii"],["31641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus graduacauda nayaritensis","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Mexico (southern Nayarit to western Jalisco, northern Colima, and southern Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B47E39C",null,null,"Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/175/mode/1up","Icterus graduacauda nayaritensis"],["31642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus graduacauda dickeyae","Van Rossem, 1938","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-540654F1",null,null,"Xautipa, Guerrero, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/175/mode/1up","Icterus graduacauda dickeyae"],["31643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus graduacauda graduacauda","Lesson, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"southern portion of Mexican Plateau",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB951DF9",null,null,"Mexico.","Avium species novae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/113/mode/1up","Icterus graduacauda"],["31644","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus leucopteryx","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.346,  sp.16","Jamaican Oriole","Jamaican Oriole","Jamaican Oriole",null,null,"varied woodland mainly in lowlands in Jamaica, Grand Cayman (formerly), and Isla San Andrés (east of Nicaragua)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724090","jamori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jamori1","avibase-4690E0C3",null,null,"St. Andrews, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/388/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] Leucopteryx"],["31645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus leucopteryx lawrencii","Cory, 1887","The Auk 4, no.3 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla San Andrés (to far northwest of Colombia, off eastern Nicaragua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E22A34F",null,null,"St. Andrew's Island. [San Andrés Island, Colombia]","Descriptions of six supposed new species of birds from the Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/1/","Icterus lawrencii"],["31646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus leucopteryx bairdi","Cory, 1886","The Auk 3, no.4 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"formerly Grand Cayman; extinct ca. 1967","(extinct)",null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFBDAB94",null,null,"Grand Cayman, West Indies.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Icterus bairdi"],["31647","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus leucopteryx leucopteryx","(Wagler, 1827)","Systema Avium pt.1 p.346,  sp.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC01C459",null,null,"St. Andrews, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/233421#page/388/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] Leucopteryx"],["31648","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus auratus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.435","Orange Oriole","Orange Oriole","Orange Oriole",null,null,"southeastern Mexico (arid Yucatan Peninsula)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724093","oraori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oraori1","avibase-CC30267C",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/675/mode/1up","Ict[erus] auratus"],["31649","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus gularis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.754","Altamira Oriole","Altamira Oriole","Altamira Oriole",null,null,"Caribbean slope from southern Texas southward through Yucatan Peninsula to northern Honduras and Pacfic slope from Guerrero to west-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724108","altori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/altori","avibase-1F87083D",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/387/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] gularis"],["31650","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus gularis mentalis","Lesson, 1831","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.111, pl.41",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (lower Río Grande Valley) to southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula), Cozumel, and far northern Belize, southern Mexico (far southern Chiapas) and Pacific slope of Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-050FCD7B",null,null,"Mexico",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/195/mode/1up","Icterus mentalis"],["31651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus gularis flavescens","Phillips, 1966","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 86 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Mexico (west-central Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53A211FD",null,null,"just south of Tierra Colorada, Guerrero, Mexico.","Further systematic notes on Mexican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126843#page/176/mode/1up","Icterus gularis flavescens"],["31652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus gularis gularis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.754",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and west-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F509801F",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/387/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] gularis"],["31653","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus nigrogularis","(Hahn, 1819)","Voegel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika, und Neuholland (etc.) Lief.5 pl.1","Yellow Oriole","Yellow Oriole","Yellow Oriole",null,null,"xeric woodland, scrub, mangroves and gardens in the lowlands of northern Colombia and Venezuela, including Aruba to Bonaire, Margarita, and Trinidad, eastward across the Guianas and southward to the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and northern Brazil (Roraima); in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and central and northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724087","yelori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelori1","avibase-F20EFF95",null,null,"Jamaica, Mexico, and Cayenne; type from Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 132.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111049#page/127/mode/1up","Xanthornus nigrogularis"],["31654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus nigrogularis nigrogularis","(Hahn, 1819)","Voegel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika, und Neuholland (etc.) Lief.5 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20F46AC0",null,null,"Jamaica, Mexico, and Cayenne; type from Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 132.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111049#page/127/mode/1up","Xanthornus nigrogularis"],["31655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus nigrogularis curasoensis","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.174",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-20550104",null,null,"Island of Curaçao",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/190/mode/1up","Icterus curasoensis"],["31656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus nigrogularis helioeides","Clark, 1902","The Auk 19, no.3 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Margarita (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DD869AD",null,null,"El Valle [?], Margarita Island.","The birds of Margarita Island, Venezuela.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol19/iss3/7/","Icterus xanthornus helioeides"],["31657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus nigrogularis trinitatis","Hartert, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (eastern Paría Peninsula), and Trinidad including Monos Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-501EE2C5",null,null,"Savannah Grande, Trinidad.","Exhibition and description of five new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/114/mode/1up","Icterus xanthornus trinitatis"],["31658","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus galbula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.108","Baltimore Oriole","Baltimore Oriole","Baltimore Oriole",null,null,"breeds eastern North America (southern Canada to southern USA); winters to northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724126","balori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/balori","avibase-5110842F",null,null,"America; restricted to Virginia by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 307.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/126/mode/1up","C[oracias] Galbula"],["31659","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus abeillei","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.101","Black-backed Oriole","Black-backed Oriole","Black-backed Oriole",null,null,"riparian woodland of central plateau and eastern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729128","blbori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbori1","avibase-6055C1FB",null,null,"Mexico.","Description de treize oiseaux nouveaux, suivies de rectifications sur quelques espèces déjà publiées.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/109/mode/1up","Xanthornus Abeillei"],["31660","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus bullockiorum","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.436","Bullock's Oriole","Bullock's Oriole","Bullock's Oriole","2025-N046","Swainson’s (1827) original spelling was <em>bullockii </em>in the singular, but he made it clear that it referred to two Bullocks (father and son). There is currently great heterogeneity in the way various zoological disciplines deal with such issues. While the original spelling remains preserved in many animal groups, the prevalent ornithological practice is to change endings to reflect the correct grammatical circumstances, as is done herein by adopting \"<em>bullockiorum</em>\". The upcoming fifth edition of the ICZN Code will introduce standardization into this heterogeneity, which may or may not be in agreement with the position taken herein.","breeds southwestern Canada southward through western USA to northern Mexico; winters northern Mexico southward to Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729123","bulori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bulori","avibase-7E65A952",null,null,"'Table land' [of Mexico] ; restricted to Temascaltepec by van Rossem, 1945, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 21, p. 238.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/452/mode/1up","Xanthornus Bullockii"],["31661","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.757","Streak-backed Oriole","Streak-backed Oriole","Streak-backed Oriole",null,null,"Pacific slope from northern Sonora (northwestern Mexico) through northwestern Costa Rica; repeated vagrancy to southwestern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724111","stbori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stbori","avibase-DA089C8E",null,null,"Mexico.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/389/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] pustulatus"],["31662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus microstictus","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.408",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Mexico (northern Sonora and Chihuahua and coastal lowlands from southern Sinaloa to southern Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72A8B2D3",null,null,"Sonora, Guaymas.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/468/mode/1up","Icterus pustulatus microstictus"],["31663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus pustulatus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.757",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Mexico (lowlands of southwestern Jalisco and Colima to southern Guerrero, northern Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9048F533",null,null,"Mexico.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/389/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] pustulatus"],["31664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus graysonii","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BE79619",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands, western coast of Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/56/mode/1up","Icterus Graysonii"],["31665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus formosus","Lawrence, 1872","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas) to northwestern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7474BB06",null,null,"Tehuantepec (Tuchitan) [=Juchitan, Oaxaca, Mexico].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/204/mode/1up","Icterus formosus"],["31666","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus maximus","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Rio Negro Valley (north-central Guatemala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9086C13",null,null,"Sacapulas, Río Negro Valley, interior of Guatemala","Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. 3.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Icterus sclateri maximus"],["31667","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus alticola","Miller & Griscom, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.184 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Guatemala to northeastern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BD7751E",null,null,"Progreso, Guatemala.","Further notes on Central American birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4368/","Icterus sclateri alticola"],["31668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus pustuloides","Van Rossem, 1927","The Condor 29, no.1 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"San Miquel Volcano (east-central El Salvador)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC212780",null,null,"Volcán San Miguel, 3000 ft., Salvador","A New Race of Sclater Oriole","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol29/iss1/20/","Icterus sclateri pustuloides"],["31669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pustulatus sclateri","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"southern El Salvador southward to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB0D1AFB",null,null,"Nicaragua and Guatemala ; Presidio Grenada, Nicaragua, designated by Dickey and van Rossem, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 518.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/57/mode/1up","Icterus Sclateri"],["31670","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus mesomelas","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.755","Yellow-tailed Oriole","Yellow-tailed Oriole","Yellow-tailed Oriole",null,null,"humid to semi-deciduous forest and scrub from the Gulf slope in Veracruz (eastern Mexico), southeastward along the Caribbean coast of Central America (including the Yucatan Peninsula), to the lowlands of northern and west-central Colombia and western Venezuela, and west of the Andes from western Colombia southward to northwestern Peru including the Marañón Valley, and southward to La Libertad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724096","yetori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetori1","avibase-2E74AF7D",null,null,"Mexico; type from Chalcaltianges, Veracruz, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/388/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] mesomelas"],["31671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus mesomelas mesomelas","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.755",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Veracruz and Oaxaca) to Belize and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFB4D087",null,null,"Mexico; type from Chalcaltianges, Veracruz, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/388/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] mesomelas"],["31672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus mesomelas salvinii","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua to western Panama (Bocas del Toro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-463C11EE",null,null,"no locality ; type from Costa Rica, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/59/mode/1up","Icterus Salvinii"],["31673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus mesomelas carrikeri","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama (from east of Canal) southward on both coasts to western and central Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (Zulia, Táchira, and Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4657B651",null,null,"Fundación, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new Birds from Columbia and Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/24/mode/1up","Icterus mesomelas carrikeri"],["31674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus mesomelas taczanowskii","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes, also upper Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9179825",null,null,"Guayaquil, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/197/mode/1up","Icterus mesomelas taczanowskii"],["31675","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus graceannae","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.52","White-edged Oriole","White-edged Oriole","White-edged Oriole",null,null,"arid scrub of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (southward to La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724102","wheori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wheori1","avibase-E7F4C5C9",null,null,"'Western South America ; Peru?'; type from Ecuador or Peru, fide Stone, 1899, op. cit., 51, p. 34.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/60/mode/1up","Icterus Grace-Annae"],["31676","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pectoralis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.755","Spot-breasted Oriole","Spot-breasted Oriole","Spot-breasted Oriole",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Mexico from southern Jalisco to Chiapas, both slopes from Guatemala (except northern), and southern Belize southward through Honduras, and Pacific slope only in Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica; introduced to southern Florida",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724105","spbori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spbori","avibase-D8B8C2B9",null,null,"Mexico; type from Totulapa, Oaxaca, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/388/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] pectoralis"],["31677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pectoralis carolynae","Dickerman, 1981","Nemouria no.26 p.1-10",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Mexico from Jalisco southward to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-880A18C3",null,null,"East shore of Laguna de Tres Palos, east of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico","A taxonomic review of the Spotted-breasted Oriole.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173022#page/90/mode/1up","Icterus pectoralis carolynae"],["31678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pectoralis pectoralis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.755",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Oaxaca and central Chiapas (southern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-868D1F2D",null,null,"Mexico; type from Totulapa, Oaxaca, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/388/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] pectoralis"],["31679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pectoralis guttulatus","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.6 text to pl.52, p.1-3; pl.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiapas (southern Mexico) southward to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE55102D",null,null,"Il nous a été vendu comme venant du Mexique [=Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123351#page/95/mode/1up","Icterus guttulatus"],["31680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pectoralis espinachi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.295 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Nicaragua (Rivas) and northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste); introduced to southern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-723DE05A",null,null,"Hacienda La Palma, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/422/mode/1up","Icterus pectoralis espinachi"],["31681","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus jamacaii","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.391","Campo Troupial","Campo Troupial","Campo Troupial",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724120","camtro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camtro1","avibase-24D0C888",null,null,"'in Brasiha'; Ceará suggested by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 276.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/403/mode/1up","O[riolus] Jamacaii"],["31682","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus croconotus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.757","Orange-backed Troupial","Orange-backed Troupial","Orange-backed Troupial",null,null,"xeric woodland to rainforest edge in the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia and in the Chaco of eastern Bolivia to northern Argentina eastward in Brazil to Pará and Paraná, and eastward in the Guianan shield of southern Guyana and adjacent northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735315","orbtro3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbtro3","avibase-4B32828D",null,null,"Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Pará, Brazil designated by Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 141.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/389/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] croconotus"],["31683","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus croconotus croconotus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.757",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guyana and adjacent northern Brazil (Roraima); also southeastern Colombia (Putumayo), eastern Ecuador (Napo and Pastaza), and eastern Peru eastward in Brazil south of Amazon to western Pará (Rio Tapajós and Rio Araguaia) and Tocantins, and southward to northwestern Bolivia (Pando)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-03480692",null,null,"Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Pará, Brazil designated by Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 141.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/389/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] croconotus"],["31684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus croconotus strictifrons","Todd, 1924","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz) eastward to central Brazil (Mato Grosso), and southward through Paraguayan Chaco to northern Argentina (Salta, Formosa, and Chaco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F4E11DD",null,null,"Palmarito, Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Descriptions of eight new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/162/mode/1up","Icterus croconotus strictifrons"],["31685","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus icterus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.161","Venezuelan Troupial","Venezuelan Troupial","Venezuelan Troupial",null,null,"dry forest and scrub in the lowlands and llanos of Venezuela (including Isla Margarita) and northeastern Colombia (southward to Meta); introduced to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, Aruba to Bonaire, and Trinidad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735310","ventro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ventro1","avibase-B7C6DEB5",null,null,"'in America calidiore'; Cayenne (ex Brisson) accepted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1909, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 32. Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela suggested by Phelps and Phelps, 1958, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12 (75), p. 305.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/165/mode/1up","O[riolus] icterus"],["31686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus icterus icterus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Venezuela from Carabobo and western Apure to southern Monagas and northern Bolívar",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEF3BA03",null,null,"'in America calidiore'; Cayenne (ex Brisson) accepted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1909, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 32. Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela suggested by Phelps and Phelps, 1958, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12 (75), p. 305.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/165/mode/1up","O[riolus] icterus"],["31687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus icterus ridgwayi","(Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.2 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia (Guajira and northern Cesar) and lowlands of northern Venezuela eastward to Sucre and Isla Margarita; introduced successfully to Puerto Rico and Leeward Antilles (Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32FEAE42",null,null,"Aruba.","Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers. III. Abschnitt. Reise nach den Inseln des Caribischen Meeres. II. Kapitel. Die mit Sicherheit festgestellten Vögel der Inseln Aruba, Curaçao und Bonaire.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/347/mode/1up","Xanthornus icterus ridgwayi"],["31688","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus icterus metae","Phelps & Aveledo Hostos, 1966","American Museum Novitates no.2270 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"western Venezuela (southern Apure) and adjacent northeastern Colombia (Arauca and Vichada)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-678A4954",null,null,"Cararabo, 100 m., Meta River, Apure, Venezuela.","A new subspecies of Icterus icterus and other notes on the birds of northern South America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3285/","Icterus icterus metae"],["31689","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus maculialatus","Cassin, 1848","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3, no.12 p.332","Bar-winged Oriole","Bar-winged Oriole","Bar-winged Oriole",null,null,"oak-pine scrub of southern Mexico (southeastern Oaxaca) to El Salvador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724157","bawori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawori1","avibase-A7BA7359",null,null,"'Mexico; prope Vera Cruz' [=Vera Paz, Guatemala, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51, p. 34].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17669#page/338/mode/1up","Icterus maculi-alatus"],["31690","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus wagleri","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.327 p.7","Black-vented Oriole","Black-vented Oriole","Black-vented Oriole",null,null,"Pacific slope from central Sonora and Caribbean slope from central Nuevo León southward through Mexico (not including Yucatan Peninsula) to northwestern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724139","bkvori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkvori","avibase-87CD97E1",null,null,"no locality ; type from Mexico, fide P. L. Sclater, 1886, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 11, p. 373.","Notes on the Birds in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and other Collections in the United States of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/19/mode/1up","Icterus wagleri"],["31691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus wagleri castaneopectus","Brewster, 1888","The Auk 5, no.1 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"arid scrub of northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora to northern Sinaloa and Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCFCBE45",null,null,"Oposura, Sonora, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss1/14/","Icterus wagleri castaneopectus"],["31692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus wagleri wagleri","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.25, no.327 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Mexico (Sinaloa and Coahuila) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D10D686D",null,null,"no locality ; type from Mexico, fide P. L. Sclater, 1886, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 11, p. 373.","Notes on the Birds in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and other Collections in the United States of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100996#page/19/mode/1up","Icterus wagleri"],["31693","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cucullatus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.436","Hooded Oriole","Hooded Oriole","Hooded Oriole",null,null,"breeds north-central California to southern Texas, several islands off southern California and western Mexico, and Baja California southward to Oaxaca on the Pacific slope and Yucatan Peninsula including northern Belize on the Caribbean slope",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724131","hooori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hooori","avibase-526A3692",null,null,"'Table land. Temiscaltipec' [=Temascaltepec, Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/452/mode/1up","Icterus cucullatus"],["31694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cucullatus nelsoni","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.472 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"central California to northern Baja California and northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora and northern Chihuahua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8F1EA48",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/33/mode/1up","Icterus cucullatus nelsoni"],["31695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cucullatus trochiloides","Grinnell, 1927","The Auk 44, no.1 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California (latitude 27°N to Cabo San Lucas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2F64C6E",null,null,"Triunfo, about lat. 23° 45' N., Lower California.","Six new subspecies of Birds from Lower California.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol44/iss1/8/","Icterus cucullatus trochiloides"],["31696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cucullatus sennetti","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (USA) to eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E210EFEA",null,null,"Brownsville, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/196/mode/1up","Icterus cucullatus sennetti"],["31697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cucullatus cucullatus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.436",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Texas (Del Rio) to southeastern Mexico (Veracruz and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B6118C9",null,null,"'Table land. Temiscaltipec' [=Temascaltepec, Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/452/mode/1up","Icterus cucullatus"],["31698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cucullatus igneus","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.472 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula, including islas Holbox, Contoy, Mujeres, and Cozumel, to Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6875939E",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/33/mode/1up","Icterus cucullatus igneus"],["31699","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus spurius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.162","Orchard Oriole","Orchard Oriole",null,"2025-0591","Taxon <em>fuertesi </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Icterus spurius</em> based on plumage, vocalizations, and genetics. Although divergence in calls (Sturge et al. 2016a) and plumage (Hofmann et al. 2007; Kiere et al. 2007) is notable, song differences are minor (Hagemeyer et al. 2012; Sturge et al. 2016a) and mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Sturge et al. 2016b), a pattern more consistent with subspecies-level differentiation. Further research on ecological differentiation and genomic sampling of rapidly evolving loci would be of interest.","breeds in open woodland, orchards, hedgerows, shrubby second growth, and riparian forest from southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba (south-central Canada) eastward to southern New England, southward across central to eastern USA to the Gulf coast and southward through central Mexico to the volcanic belt; resident on the Gulf coast from southern Tamaulipas to Tabasco (southeastern Mexico); winters from Sinaloa (western Mexico) southward across most Central America, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to western Venezuela and northern Colombia southward to the south-central Colombian Andes",null,null,null,"orcori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcori","avibase-000482C9",null,null,"'in America septentrionali' ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 306.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/166/mode/1up","O[riolus] spurius"],["31700","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus spurius spurius","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to central plain of Mexico; winters to Colombia, Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2014696",null,null,"'in America septentrionali' ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 306.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/166/mode/1up","O[riolus] spurius"],["31701","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus spurius fuertesi","Chapman, 1911","The Auk 28, no.1 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of Mexico (southern Tamaulipas to southern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E9777FB",null,null,"Paso del Haba, south shore of Tamesi River, 35 miles northwest of Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","Description of a new Oriole (Icterus fuertesi) from Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol28/iss1/1/","Icterus fuertesi"],["31702","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus prosthemelas","(Strickland, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.120-14, pl.62","Black-cowled Oriole","Black-cowled Oriole","Black-cowled Oriole",null,null,"lowland forest edge of Caribbean slope from central Veracruz south (including Yucatan Peninsula but not Cozumel) to western Panama, and also Pacific slope of Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731543","bkcori","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcori","avibase-071A4C74",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/76/mode/1up","Xanthornus prosthemelas"],["31703","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus prosthemelas prosthemelas","(Strickland, 1850)","Contributions to ornithology no.6 p.120-14, pl.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southeastern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FCEECCA",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/76/mode/1up","Xanthornus prosthemelas"],["31704","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus prosthemelas praecox","Phillips & Dickerman, 1965","Wilson Bulletin 77, no.3 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE0003E1",null,null,"Almirante, Bocas del Toro Province, western Panama.","A new subspecies of Icterus prosthemelas from Panamá and Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol77/iss3/21/","Icterus prosthemelas praecox"],["31705","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus melanopsis","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.759","Cuban Oriole","Cuban Oriole","Cuban Oriole",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736377","graori2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graori2","avibase-A965AA91",null,null,"near Havana, Cuba. Preoccupied by /. virescens Daudin, 1800.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/390/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] melanopsis"],["31706","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus northropi","Allen, 1890","The Auk 7, no.4 p.344","Bahama Oriole","Bahama Oriole","Bahama Oriole",null,null,"Andros (Bahamas); formerly also Great and Little Abaco, where extirpated in 1990s",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736369","graori3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graori3","avibase-C70AA182",null,null,"Andros Island, Bahamas.","Description of a new species of Icterus from Andros Island, Bahamas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss4/10/","Icterus northropi"],["31707","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus bonana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.162","Martinique Oriole","Martinique Oriole","Martinique Oriole",null,null,"semiarid hills of Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724150","marori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marori1","avibase-ED0ABA39",null,null,"'in America meridionali' [= Martinique] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/166/mode/1up","O[riolus] Bonana"],["31708","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus portoricensis","Bryant, 1866","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 10 p.254","Puerto Rican Oriole","Puerto Rican Oriole","Puerto Rican Oriole",null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736385","graori4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graori4","avibase-05284D57",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37035#page/262/mode/1up","Icterus dominicensis var. portoricensis"],["31709","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus oberi","Lawrence, 1880","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 3, no.166 p.351","Montserrat Oriole","Montserrat Oriole","Montserrat Oriole",null,null,"montane forest of Montserrat (Lesser Antilles)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724147","monori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monori1","avibase-80F9BE4B",null,null,"Montserrat.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51639#page/367/mode/1up","Icterus oberi"],["31710","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus dominicensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.163","Hispaniolan Oriole","Hispaniolan Oriole","Hispaniolan Oriole",null,null,"Hispaniola, including Gonâve, Tortue, and Île-a-Vache",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736363","graori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/graori1","avibase-4760A99A",null,null,"Dominica [= Hispaniola] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/167/mode/1up","O[riolus] dominicensis"],["31711","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus laudabilis","Sclater, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871, pt.2 p.270 pl.21","St. Lucia Oriole","St. Lucia Oriole","Saint Lucia Oriole",null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724153","stlori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stlori1","avibase-B196BC41",null,null,"St. Lucia.","On the Birds of the Island of Santa Lucia, West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90542#page/338/mode/1up","Icterus laudabilis"],["31712","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus auricapillus","Cassin, 1848","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3, no.12 p.332","Orange-crowned Oriole","Orange-crowned Oriole","Orange-crowned Oriole",null,null,"lowlands of eastern Panama to northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724099","orcori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcori1","avibase-A27737B7",null,null,"Mexico [error] and South America; Santa Marta, Colombia, designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 31.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17669#page/338/mode/1up","Icterus auricapillus"],["31713","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cayanensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.163","Epaulet Oriole","Epaulet Oriole",null,"2025-0590","Taxon <em>chrysocephalus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Icterus cayanensis</em> based on available evidence. Although plumage differentiation is notable, mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Omland et al. 1999; d'Horta et al. 2008; Powell et al. 2014), and there is evidence of intermediate phenotypes within a narrow hybrid zone (d'Horta et al. 2008); further research, including assessment of gene flow and divergence using nuclear DNA, is needed.","tropical rainforest and edge in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, from Trinidad and northeastern Venezuela southward across eastern Venezuela and the Guianas, Amazonian Colombia to Peru, eastern Bolivia, and northern Paraguay",null,null,null,"epaori1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/epaori1","avibase-1A71A997",null,null,"'in Insula S. Thomae [error] , Cayana' [= Cayenne] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/167/mode/1up","O[riolus] cayanensis"],["31714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cayanensis cayanensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname to French Guiana, Amazonian Brazil, eastern Peru, and north-central Bolivia (La Paz and Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2DACB94",null,null,"'in Insula S. Thomae [error] , Cayana' [= Cayenne] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/167/mode/1up","O[riolus] cayanensis"],["31715","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus cayanensis chrysocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, northern Brazil, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9C44010",null,null,"America; restricted to Cayenne by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool. 9, p. 31.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/168/mode/1up","O[riolus] chrysocephalus"],["31716","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pyrrhopterus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.543","Variable Oriole","Variable Oriole","Variable Oriole",null,null,"savanna, dry Chaco, and Caatinga from central Bolivia and northeastern Brazil (Maranhão) southward across interior Brazil and the Atlantic coast to northern Argentina (southward to San Luis and Buenos Aires)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731801","epaori4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/epaori4","avibase-C9B58AFF",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/569/mode/1up","Agelaius pyrrhopterus"],["31717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pyrrhopterus periporphyrus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, and northern Santa Cruz) and adjacent western Brazil (west-central Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82852501",null,null,"Bolivia; type from Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 112.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/670/mode/1up","P[endulinus] periporphyrus"],["31718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (southern Santa Cruz southward to Tarija) to Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F216991B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/569/mode/1up","Agelaius pyrrhopterus"],["31719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pyrrhopterus tibialis","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Maranhão to Piauí, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7763144",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/314/mode/1up","Icterus tibialis"],["31720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Icterus pyrrhopterus valenciobuenoi","Ihering, 1902","Revista do Museu Paulista 5 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Goiás to Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and southeastern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2158AC29",null,null,"Piracicaba and Jaboticabal, São Paulo; type from Piracicaba, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 111.","Contribuições para o conhecimento da Ornithologia de São Paulo.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40844#page/276/mode/1up","Icterus cayanensis valencio-buenoi"],["31721","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Nesopsar","Sclater, 1859","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.4 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Icterus nigerrimus [Osburn, 1859]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/509/mode/1up","Nesopsar"],["31722","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Nesopsar nigerrimus","(Osburn, 1859)","The Zoologist 17 p.6662","Jamaican Blackbird","Jamaican Blackbird","Jamaican Blackbird",null,null,"humid forest of Jamaica",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724163","jambla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/jambla1","avibase-F8918F08",null,null,"lower mountains of Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123058#page/370/mode/1up","[Icterus] nigerrimus"],["31723","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.33",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus phoeniceus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation = Oriolus phoeniceus Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f39.item","Agelaius"],["31724","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius humeralis","(Vigors, 1827)","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.442","Tawny-shouldered Blackbird","Tawny-shouldered Blackbird","Tawny-shouldered Blackbird",null,null,"woodland, edge, and farmland of Cuba and satellite islands; also Haiti, where rare, perhaps introduced?)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724206","tasbla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tasbla","avibase-0A232F2A",null,null,"neighborhood of Havana, Cuba.","XLVI. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. &c. [Continued from p. 246.] On some species of Birds from Cuba","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/470/mode/1up","Leistes humeralis"],["31725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius humeralis humeralis","(Vigors, 1827)","The Zoological Journal 3, no.11 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba and Haiti",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCD50BA8",null,null,"neighborhood of Havana, Cuba.","XLVI. Sketches in Ornithology, &c. &c. [Continued from p. 246.] On some species of Birds from Cuba","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/470/mode/1up","Leistes humeralis"],["31726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius humeralis scopulus","Garrido, 1970","Poeyana 68 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayo Cantiles (off southern Cuba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC1EE2BC",null,null,"Montes de Guanito, Cayo Cantiles, Archipelago de Los Canarreos, 80 km. south of the coast of the Peninsula de Zapata, Matanzas Province, Cuba","Variación del género Agelaius (Aves: Icteridae) en Cuba.",null,"Agelaius humeralis scopulus"],["31727","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius xanthomus","(Sclater, 1862)","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.131","Yellow-shouldered Blackbird","Yellow-shouldered Blackbird","Yellow-shouldered Blackbird",null,null,"mangroves of Mona Island (west of Puerto Rico) and southwestern and (very locally) far northeastern Puerto Rico",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724209","yesbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yesbla1","avibase-A349723D",null,null,"Mexico [error = Puerto Rico] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/285/mode/1up","Icterus xanthomus"],["31728","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius xanthomus xanthomus","(Sclater, 1862)","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southwestern and northeastern Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A8BDCB7",null,null,"Mexico [error = Puerto Rico] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/285/mode/1up","Icterus xanthomus"],["31729","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius xanthomus monensis","Barnés, 1945","The Auk 62, no.2 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de Mona (west of Puerto Rico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C2A8BB3",null,null,"Mona Island, Puerto Rico.","A new form of Agelaius from Mona I., Puerto Rico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol62/iss2/22/","Agelaius xanthromus monensis"],["31730","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius tricolor","(Audubon, 1837)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4 pl.388 fig.1","Tricolored Blackbird","Tricolored Blackbird","Tricolored Blackbird",null,null,"marshes and farmlands of southwestern Oregon to northwestern Baja California",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724196","tribla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tribla","avibase-80285D5C",null,null,"no locality specified ; Santa Barbara, California, designated by Audubon, 1839, Ornith. Biogr., 5, p. 3.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/399/","Icterus tricolor"],["31731","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius assimilis","Lembeye, 1850","Aves de la Isla de Cuba p.64 pl.9 fig.3","Red-shouldered Blackbird","Red-shouldered Blackbird","Red-shouldered Blackbird",null,null,"marshes of western and central Cuba, including Isla de la Juventud",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729118","resbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/resbla1","avibase-06132304",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173317#page/72/mode/1up","Agelaius assimilis"],["31732","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.161","Red-winged Blackbird","Red-winged Blackbird","Red-winged Blackbird",null,null,"freshwater and salt marshes, including meadows and cultivated fields from southern Alaska and Yukon eastward to Labrador (northwestern to eastern Canada), and to southern Florida, northern Bahamas, northern Baja California, and soutward across Mexico to coastal Yucatan Peninsula and locally in Central America to northwestern Costa Rica; largely resident, with winter wandering",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724191","rewbla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rewbla","avibase-C86D078E",null,null,"'in America septentrionali' ; Charleston, South Carolina, designated by Howell and van Rossem, 1928, Auk, 45, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/165/mode/1up","O[riolus] phoeniceus"],["31733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus arctolegus","Oberholser, 1907","The Auk 24, no.3 p.332",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska and Yukon to north-central USA; winters to south-central USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BBF0EC4",null,null,"Fort Simpson, Mackenzie.","A new Agelaius from Canada.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol24/iss3/9/","Agelaius phoeniceus arctolegus"],["31734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus fortis","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Montana to southeastern New Mexico (east of Rocky Mountains); winters to Texas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4962A1E6",null,null,"Omaha, Nebraska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/197/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus fortis"],["31735","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus nevadensis","Grinnell, 1914","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 27 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern British Columbia to Idaho, southeastern California, and southern Nevada; winters to southern Arizona",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29499F85",null,null,"Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada.","A new Red-winged Blackbird from the Great Basin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/245864#page/129/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus nevadensis"],["31736","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southwestern British Columbia to northwestern California; winters to central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F48DD9DD",null,null,"Cedar Hill, Vancouver Island.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/197/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus"],["31737","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern California to northeastern Baja California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD585A50",null,null,"Northwestern Mexico and lower Colorado Valley, in southern California and Arizona; south to Mazatlán.; restricted to Mazatlán, Sinaloa, by Ridgway, 1902, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 2, p. 338.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85595#page/396/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis"],["31738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus nyaritensis","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1925","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 38 p.131",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal plains of southwestern Mexico (Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-090ADCAE",null,null,"Santiago 1= Santiago Ixcuintla] , Nayarit, Mexico.","A new Red-winged Black-bird from western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107508#page/157/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus nyaritensis"],["31739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus grinnelli","Howell, 1917","The Auk 34, no.2 p.196",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Guatemala to northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58998ECD",null,null,"San Sebastian, Salvador.","A new subspecies of Red-winged Blackbird from western Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol34/iss2/10/","Agelaius phoeniceus grinnelli"],["31740","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.161",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to Texas and southeastern USA; winters southward to Gulf coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4E85CDB",null,null,"'in America septentrionali' ; Charleston, South Carolina, designated by Howell and van Rossem, 1928, Auk, 45, p. 157.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/165/mode/1up","O[riolus] phoeniceus"],["31741","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus littoralis","Howell & Van Rossem, 1928","The Auk 45, no.2 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"Gulf Coast of southeastern Texas to northwestern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB49E0D8",null,null,"Santa Rosa Island, opposite Mary Esther, Florida.","A study of the Redwinged Blackbirds of southeastern Unites States.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol45/iss2/4/","Agelaius phoeniceus littoralis"],["31742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus mearnsi","Howell & Van Rossem, 1928","The Auk 45, no.2 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Georgia and northern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8F963E5",null,null,"Alligator Bluff, Kissimee River, Florida.","A study of the Redwinged Blackbirds of southeastern Unites States.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol45/iss2/4/","Agelaius phoeniceus mearnsi"],["31743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus floridanus","Maynard, 1895","The birds of eastern North America; with original descriptions of all the species which occur east of the Mississippi River, between the Arctic Circle and the Gulf of Mexico, with full notes upon their habits, etc. Revised edition pt40 p.698",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Florida (Everglades to Key West)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-145A2351",null,null,"Key West, Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47731#page/710/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus floridanus"],["31744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus megapotamus","Oberholser, 1919","Wilson Bulletin 31, no.1 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"central Texas and lower Río Grande Valley to eastern Mexico (northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F808304A",null,null,"Brownsville, Texas.","Description of a new Red-winged Blackbird from Texas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol31/iss1/3/","Agelaius phoeniceus megapotamus"],["31745","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus nelsoni","Dickerman, 1965","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 31 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern Mexico (Morelos and adjacent Guerrero to western Puebla and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAE6498C",null,null,"Lago Coatetelco, Morelos, Mexico.","The nomenclature of the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) of south-central Mexico.","https://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1060&context=opmns","Agelaius phoeniceus nelsoni"],["31746","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus richmondi","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.58",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Mexico (southern Veracruz) to Belize and northern Guatemala, and on Caribbean slope of Honduras and southeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21DDA0AC",null,null,"Tlacotalpam, Veracruz, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Agelaius phoeniceus richmondi"],["31747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus pallidulus","Van Tyne & Trautman, 1946","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 496 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (northern Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-186BD639",null,null,"3 km. south of Progreso, Yucatan.","The Red-winged Blackbird of Yucatan.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56934","Agelaius phoeniceus pallidulus"],["31748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus arthuralleni","Dickerman, 1974","American Museum Novitates no.2538 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4959E6B",null,null,"Lago Peten Itza, Department Peten, Guatemala","Review of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) of eastern, west-central, and southern Mexico and Central America.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2741/","Agelaius phoeniceus arthuralleni"],["31749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.370",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93FD718B",null,null,"Bahamas and southern Florida, etc.; type from Abaco, Bahamas, fide Riley, 1905, Auk, 22, p. 359.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/392/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti"],["31750","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus aciculatus","Mailliard, 1915","The Condor 17, no.1 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of south-central California (east-central Kern County)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B52500BA",null,null,"Isabella, Kern County, California.","The Kern Redwing. Agelaius phoeniceus aciculatus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol17/iss1/3/","Agelaius phoeniceus aciculatus"],["31751","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California (San Luis Obispo County) to northwestern Baja",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-827BC17B",null,null,"Jacumba, San Diego County, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/197/mode/1up","Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis"],["31752","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus mailliardorum","Van Rossem, 1926","The Condor 28, no.5 p.219,223",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal central California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E2DDFDB",null,null,"Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California.","The California forms of Agelaius phoenicurus (Linnaeus).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol28/iss5/4/","Agelaius phoeniceus mailliardorum"],["31753","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus californicus","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.59",null,null,null,null,null,"Central Valley of California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5807BD72",null,null,"Stockton, California.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Agelaius gubernator californicus"],["31754","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaius phoeniceus gubernator","(Wagler, 1832)","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.281",null,null,null,null,null,"Mexican Plateau (Durango to Zacatecas, México, and Tlaxcala)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDCE9B4E",null,null,"Mexico [= Mexico City, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/159/mode/1up","Psarocolius gubernator"],["31755","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus","Swainson, 1832","Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds pt.2 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla pecoris [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation = Oriolus ater Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87232#page/409/mode/1up","Molothrus"],["31756","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus rufoaxillaris","Cassin, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.23","Screaming Cowbird","Screaming Cowbird","Screaming Cowbird",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724342","scrcow1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrcow1","avibase-524DF588",null,null,"Buenos Aires, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/31/mode/1up","Molothrus rufo-axillaris"],["31757","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus oryzivorus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.386","Giant Cowbird","Giant Cowbird","Giant Cowbird",null,null,"varied open habitats and forest borders mostly in lowlands and foothills on the Gulf slope in Veracruz and on the Pacific slope from Oaxaca (southern Mexico) locally through Panama, and South America from Colombia eastward to Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas and northeastern Brazil, west of the Andes southward to northwestern Peru, and east of the Andes southward to northern Argentina and far southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724358","giacow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giacow","avibase-91375A56",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/398/mode/1up","O[riolus] oryzivorus"],["31758","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus oryzivorus impacifus","(Peters, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southern Mexico (southern Veracruz) to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16C90448",null,null,"Pasa Nueva, Veracruz, Mexico.","The identity of Corvus mexicanus Gmelin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/143/mode/1up","Psomocolax oryzivorus impacifus"],["31759","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus oryzivorus oryzivorus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Bolivia (except southwest), Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E176EF2B",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/398/mode/1up","O[riolus] oryzivorus"],["31760","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.898","Shiny Cowbird","Shiny Cowbird","Shiny Cowbird",null,null,"varied humid to dry, mostly open habitats from southern Florida and throughout the Caribbean (where self-introduced), from Costa Rica to South America, including Aruba, Curaçao, and Trinidad and Tobago, southward to southern Argentina (to northern Santa Cruz), west of the Andes southward across western Colombia and Ecuador, and introduced and established throughout Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724345","shicow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shicow","avibase-AA779804",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/399/mode/1up","Tanagra bonariensis"],["31761","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis minimus","de Dalmas, 1900","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 13 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (northward to Martinique), Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05B1F5C0",null,null,"Tobago.","Note sur une collection d'oiseaux de l'île de Tobago (mer des Antilles).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38549#page/166/mode/1up","Molothrus minimus"],["31762","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis cabanisii","Cassin, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) to Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C8F684F",null,null,"Guiana (error) and Santa Marta, New Grenada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/30/mode/1up","Molothrus Cabanisii"],["31763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis venezuelensis","Stone, 1891","The Auk 8, no.4 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3DBF756",null,null,"Venezuela; restricted to Lake Valencia by Wetmore, 1939, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 250.","A revision of the species of Molothrus allied to M. bonariensis (Gm.).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss4/4/","Molothrus venezuelensis"],["31764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis aequatorialis","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.661",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and Isla Puná",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01D77F6C",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, southwestern Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Molothrus bonariensis aequatorialis"],["31765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis occidentalis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1892","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.3 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Ecuador (Loja) and western Peru (southward to Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A1376C0",null,null,"'in Peru occ. (Lima etc.)'; type from Lima, fide Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 192.","Résultats des recherches ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/450/mode/1up","Molothrus ocidentalis"],["31766","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis riparius","Griscom & Greenway, 1937","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 81, no.2 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (Río Ucayali) to lower Amazon Valley (eastward to Óbidos, Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9950705",null,null,"Pinhy, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Critical notes on new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21291#page/448/mode/1up","Molothrus bonariensis riparius"],["31767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.898",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, Brazil (south of the Amazon River), Uruguay, and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-043EFF49",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/399/mode/1up","Tanagra bonariensis"],["31768","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus ater","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.37","Brown-headed Cowbird","Brown-headed Cowbird","Brown-headed Cowbird",null,null,"grassland with scattered trees, thickets, and fields from far southeastern Alaska and northwestern Canada eastward to Labrador (eastern Canada), and southward across the USA to northern Baja California, central Mexico (Michoacan), the Gulf of Mexico coast in the US and central Florida; winters to southern Baja California and Oaxaca (southwestern Mexico), southern Florida, and the Bahamas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724354","bnhcow","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bnhcow","avibase-1E1AB415",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/59/mode/1up","Oriolus ater"],["31769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus ater artemisiae","Grinnell, 1909","University of California Publications in Zoology 5 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"western Canada (interior British Columbia eastward to south-central Manitoba) southward in western USA (eastward from the Cascades and Sierra Nevada) to California, Nevada, and New Mexico; migrates southward to Mexico (to Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-38A2514E",null,null,"Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada.","A new Cowbird of the genus Molothrus, with a note on the probable genetic relationship of the North American forms.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93130#page/356/mode/1up","Molothrus ater artemisiae"],["31770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus ater obscurus","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.804",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to northern Baja California and Los Coronados Islands (off northwestern Baja), Guerrero, and northern Tamaulipas (northern Mexico); winters to southern Baja California and Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F81F1B34",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/305/mode/1up","Sturnus obscurus"],["31771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus ater ater","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada (southern Ontario eastward to Newfoundland) southward throughout eastern USA to central Texas, Gulf Coast, and central Florida, and in eastern Mexico southward to Tamaulipas; winters in Florida and in Mexico southward to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2347149",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/59/mode/1up","Oriolus ater"],["31772","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus armenti","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.192","Bronze-brown Cowbird",null,"Bronze-brown Cowbird","2025-0592","Taxon <em>armenti </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Molothrus aeneus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, morphometric, and vocal differences, and the fact that the merger of these two taxa, formerly considered separate species, was poorly justified (see Dugand &amp; Eisenmann 1983). Genetic data and a formal analysis of differences in display song (Fraga 2011) would be informative.","Caribbean coast of northern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724722",null,null,"avibase-C21B323A",null,null,"Cartagena, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/208/mode/1up","M[olothrus] armenti"],["31773","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus aeneus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.758","Bronzed Cowbird",null,"Bronzed Cowbird","2025-0592","Taxon <em>armenti </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Molothrus aeneus</em> (polytypic) based on plumage, morphometric, and vocal differences, and the fact that the merger of these two taxa, formerly considered separate species, was poorly justified (see Dugand &amp; Eisenmann 1983). Genetic data and a formal analysis of differences in display song (Fraga 2011) would be informative.","breeds southeastern California to Gulf coast of Mississippi southward to central Panama; some withdrawal from north in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22732035",null,null,"avibase-EAEEA093",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Laguna, Veracruz, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 52.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/389/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] aeneus"],["31774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus aeneus loyei","Parkes & Blake, 1965","Fieldiana Zoology 44 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, and Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76DFC88A",null,null,"Tucson, Arizona.","Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Bronzed Cowbird","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21018#page/10/mode/1up","Molothrus aeneus loyei"],["31775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus aeneus assimilis","(Nelson, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Jalisco to Colima, Guerrero, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAF3771C",null,null,"Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Callothrus aeneus assimilis"],["31776","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Molothrus aeneus aeneus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.758",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas to southern Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula, and central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1280BDF6",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Laguna, Veracruz, fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 52.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/389/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] aeneus"],["31777","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Dives","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.413-414",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lampropsar dives [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by tautonymy = Icterus dives Deppe, 1830  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/421/mode/1up","Dives"],["31778","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Dives dives","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.1","Melodious Blackbird","Melodious Blackbird","Melodious Blackbird",null,null,"Gulf slope of eastern Mexico to Nicaragua and (rarely) northwestern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724302","melbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/melbla1","avibase-19784EAF",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/68/mode/1up","Icterus dives"],["31779","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Dives warczewiczi","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.50 p.83","Scrub Blackbird","Scrub Blackbird","Scrub Blackbird",null,null,"xeric scrub and open fields from far southwestern Colombia southward across western Ecuador to far southern Peru (Tacna)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724305","scrbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrbla1","avibase-6C3773C7",null,null,"Peru.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 1-11.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/97/mode/1up","Lampropsar Warczewiczi"],["31780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Dives warczewiczi warczewiczi","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.50 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal scrub of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96EA43D7",null,null,"Peru.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 1-11.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/97/mode/1up","Lampropsar Warczewiczi"],["31781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Dives warczewiczi kalinowskii","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1892","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.3 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal scrub of western Peru (La Libertad to Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB2D00B4",null,null,"western Peru, near lca; type from Huamaní, near lca, fide Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 192.","Résultats des recherches ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/450/mode/1up","Dives kalinowskii"],["31782","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Ptiloxena","Chapman, 1892","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4, no.1, art.16 p.307.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Quiscalus atroviolaceus [d'Orbigny, 1839]; type by monotypy",null,"Notes on birds and mammals observed near Trinidad, Cuba ; with remarks on the origin of West Indian bird-life","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/846","Ptiloxena"],["31783","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Ptiloxena atroviolacea","(d'Orbigny, 1839)","Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba 3 p.95 pl.19","Cuban Blackbird","Cuban Blackbird","Cuban Blackbird",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724294","cubbla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubbla","avibase-5716ACB7",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/5977#page/136/mode/1up","Quiscalis atroviolaceus"],["31784","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Euphagus","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.413",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Psarocolius cyanocephalus [Wagler, 1829]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/421/mode/1up","Euphagus"],["31785","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Euphagus cyanocephalus","(Wagler, 1829)","Isis von Oken 22, heft 7 col.758","Brewer's Blackbird","Brewer's Blackbird","Brewer's Blackbird",null,null,"western Canada and western USA; winters to southern Mexico",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724332","brebla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brebla","avibase-EA5E858A",null,null,"Mexico [= Temascaltepec, Mexico, fide van Rossem, 1934, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 354.","Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem erſten Bande feines Systema Avium. Fortſetzung III","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86743#page/389/mode/1up","Ps[arocolius] cyanocephalus"],["31786","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Euphagus carolinus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.140","Rusty Blackbird","Rusty Blackbird","Rusty Blackbird",null,null,"breeds in wet areas of forest and woodland from northern Alaska eastward to Newfoundland and Labrador (eastern Canada) and southward to Ontario and Maine; winters in central and southeastern USA from eastern Nebraska eastward to Connecticut, and southward to eastern Texas and southern Florida; major rangewide population declines",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724329","rusbla","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusbla","avibase-5F77FED5",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/160/mode/1up","Turdus Carolinus"],["31787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Euphagus carolinus carolinus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and northern Yukon to northeastern USA; winters to Gulf States",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0A68749",null,null,"Carolina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/160/mode/1up","Turdus Carolinus"],["31788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Euphagus carolinus nigrans","Burleigh & Peters, 1948","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Newfoundland, Magdalen Island, and Nova Scotia; winters to Georgia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11294464",null,null,"Stephenville Crossing, Newfoundland.","Geographic variation in Newfoundland birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/307/mode/1up","Euphagus carolinus nigrans"],["31789","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.36",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gracula quiscula [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 41).",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f42.item","Quiscalus"],["31790","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus quiscula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.109","Common Grackle","Common Grackle","Common Grackle",null,null,"varied open habitats from forest borders and open woodland to marshes and fields from Northwest Territories eastward to Newfoundland (north-central to northeastern Canada), southward from central New Mexico to southern Florida; resident in southern two-thirds of range, with northern birds moving southward",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724320","comgra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comgra","avibase-8BBB3255",null,null,"'in America septentrionali' ; coast of South Carolina designated by Wayne, 1918, Auk, 35, p. 440.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/127/mode/1up","G[racula] Quiscula"],["31791","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus quiscula versicolor","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.488",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern and southeastern Canada east of Rocky Mountains to central and northeastern USA; winters to southern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-41FC2452",null,null,"United States.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/516/mode/1up","Quiscalus versicolor"],["31792","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus quiscula stonei","Chapman, 1935","The Auk 52, no.1 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds eastern USA (southwestern Connecticut to Alabama and northern Georgia); winters to Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37918B18",null,null,"Lakehurst, New Jersey.","Further remarks on the relationships of the Grackles of the subgenus Quiscalus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol52/iss1/3/","Quiscalus quiscula stonei"],["31793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus quiscula quiscula","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern USA (southern Louisiana to eastern South Carolina and Florida Keys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D0E82D0",null,null,"'in America septentrionali' ; coast of South Carolina designated by Wayne, 1918, Auk, 35, p. 440.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/127/mode/1up","G[racula] Quiscula"],["31794","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus nicaraguensis","Salvin & Godman, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.12 p.612","Nicaraguan Grackle","Nicaraguan Grackle","Nicaraguan Grackle",null,null,"Lake Nicaragua, Lake Managua, and northern Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724317","nicgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nicgra1","avibase-D1DD7CD0",null,null,"Momotombo, Lake Managua.","Descriptions of Five new Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Mr. W. B. Richardson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/644/mode/1up","Quiscalus nicaraguensis"],["31795","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.299 fig.50c[=54c]","Carib Grackle","Carib Grackle","Carib Grackle",null,null,"varied open habitats in the Lesser Antilles from Montserrat southward (and introduced population has spread northward to Anguilla) to mainland South America, including Aruba to Bonaire, Trinidad and Tobago, and islands off northern Venezuela; in South America from northeastern Ecuador eastward to the Guianas and northeasternmost Brazil, and eastern Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724326","cargra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cargra1","avibase-159FB51C",null,null,"c [= 54c] Brazil ; British Guiana substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 33.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/311/mode/1up","Quiscalus lugubris"],["31796","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris guadeloupensis","Lawrence, 1879","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.57 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"Montserrat, Guadeloupe including Marie-Galante (just south of Guadeloupe), Dominica, and Martinique (northern and central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E2B5004",null,null,"Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/481/mode/1up","Quiscalus guadeloupensis"],["31797","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris inflexirostris","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner no.61 p.300 fig.52",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-01A00641",null,null,"locality unknown ; type probably from St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles, fide P. L. Sclater, 1884, Ibis, p. 160.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/312/mode/1up","Quiscalus inflexirostris"],["31798","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris luminosus","Lawrence, 1878","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1[\"1877\"], no.5&6 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"Lesser Antilles (Grenada, the Grenadines, and Islas Los Testigos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-224BA33A",null,null,"Grenada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/206/mode/1up","Quiscalus luminosus"],["31799","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris orquillensis","(Cory, 1909)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.5 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"Islas Los Hermanos (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-302D1877",null,null,"Orquilla, Los Hermanos islands.","The birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20484#page/43/mode/1up","Holoquiscalus orquillensis"],["31800","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris insularis","Richmond, 1896","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1093 p.675",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Margarita and Los Frailes (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69DCCA31",null,null,"Margarita island, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/761/mode/1up","Quiscalus insularis"],["31801","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris lugubris","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.299 fig.50c[=54c]",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14EEBDFC",null,null,"c [= 54c] Brazil ; British Guiana substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 33.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/311/mode/1up","Quiscalus lugubris"],["31802","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris contrusus","(Peters, 1925)","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D748F9B",null,null,"base of Bonhomme Mountains, St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.","A new Grackle from St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/199/mode/1up","Holoquiscalus lugubris contrusus"],["31803","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus lugubris fortirostris","Lawrence, 1869","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"Barbados; introduced Barbuda and Antigua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B403967B",null,null,"Barbados.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37631#page/368/mode/1up","Quiscalus fortirostris"],["31804","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.31","Greater Antillean Grackle","Greater Antillean Grackle","Greater Antillean Grackle",null,null,"varied open habitats of lowlands of Greater Antilles and satellite islands from Cuba and Cayman Islands eastward through Puerto Rico; also reported Virgin Islands (status?)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724323","gragra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gragra1","avibase-E941AD9F",null,null,"Santo Domingo ; Port au Prince, Haiti, designated by Peters, 1921, Auk, 38, p. 445.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/53/mode/1up","Oriolus niger"],["31805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger caribaeus","(Todd, 1916)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 10 p.276 (err opp. p.276)",null,null,null,null,null,"western Cuba including Isla de la Juventud and cays eastward to Cayos de las Doce Leguas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AE5C4A1",null,null,"Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38133#page/330/mode/1up","Holoquiscalus caymanensis caribaeus"],["31806","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger gundlachii","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Cuba and inner cays of Jardines de la Reina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-419F300E",null,null,"Cuba ; restricted to eastern Cuba by Todd, 1916, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 276.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/414/mode/1up","Quiscalus Gundlachii"],["31807","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger caymanensis","Cory, 1886","The Auk 3, no.4 p.499,502",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-806FC7CD",null,null,"Grand Cayman, West Indies.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Quiscalus caymanensis"],["31808","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger bangsi","(Peters, 1921)","The Auk 38, no.3 p.442",null,null,null,null,null,"Little Cayman and Cayman Brac",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-256CBB0A",null,null,"Cayman Brac, West Indies.","A review of the Grackles of the genus Holoquiscalus.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol38/iss3/10/","Holoquiscalus jamaicensis bangsi"],["31809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger crassirostris","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.355",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2037EE01",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/367/mode/1up","Quiscalus crassirostris"],["31810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger niger","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola, including Gonâve, Tortue, Île-a-Vache, and Beata",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-855B57DE",null,null,"Santo Domingo ; Port au Prince, Haiti, designated by Peters, 1921, Auk, 38, p. 445.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/53/mode/1up","Oriolus niger"],["31811","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus niger brachypterus","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.406",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico including Isla de Vieques (just east of Puerto Rico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A5A956D",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/414/mode/1up","Quiscalus brachypterus"],["31812","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus palustris","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.437","Slender-billed Grackle","Slender-billed Grackle","Slender-billed Grackle",null,null,"formerly marshes and headwaters of Valley of Mexico (Río Lerma Santiago and Xochimilco); extinct, last reported 1910","Extinct","EX","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724314","slbgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbgra1","avibase-C19704C9",null,null,"marshes and borders of lakes around [City of] Mexico; error, marshes at headwaters of Río Lerma, Mexico, suggested by R. W. Dickerman, 1965, Auk, 82, p. 270.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/453/mode/1up","Scaphidurus palustris"],["31813","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus major","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.487","Boat-tailed Grackle","Boat-tailed Grackle","Boat-tailed Grackle",null,null,"freshwater and salt marshes along the Gulf of Mexico coast from Texas eastward to southern Florida (and spreading in the northern Bahamas), and northward along the Atlantic coast to Connecticut",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724311","botgra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/botgra","avibase-EF47E15D",null,null,"Mexico and Louisiana; New-Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, designated by Lowery, 1938, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 1, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/515/mode/1up","Quiscalus major"],["31814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus major torreyi","(Harper, 1934)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 86 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal New York southward to northeastern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64B3A5E2",null,null,"Chincoteague, Virginia.","The Boat-tailed Grackle of the Atlantic Coast.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064143","Cassidix major torreyi"],["31815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus major westoni","(Sprunt, 1934)","Charleston Museum Leaflet no.6 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central to southern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0A296E4E",null,null,"St. John's River marshes, Indian River County, Florida",null,null,"Cassidix mexicanus westoni"],["31816","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus major alabamensis","Stevenson, 1978","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 91 p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Mississippi to northwestern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6DBDA12",null,null,"Alabama, Baldwin Co., 4.5 km E of Mobile","The populations of Boat-tailed Grackles in the southeastern United States.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107593#page/62/mode/1up","Quiscalus major alabamensis"],["31817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus major major","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Texas and Louisiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-446E9750",null,null,"Mexico and Louisiana; New-Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, designated by Lowery, 1938, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 1, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/515/mode/1up","Quiscalus major"],["31818","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.375","Great-tailed Grackle","Great-tailed Grackle","Great-tailed Grackle",null,null,"varied open habitats, including forest edge, prairies, deserts, mangroves, and cities, from southeastern Oregon eastward to central Iowa (and expanding northward), and southward across central and western USA through Mexico (but rare Baja California) and Central America to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, and from western Colombia southward to northwestern Peru (spreading southward in interior Colombia and to southwestern Ecuador, and also spreading in Greater Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724308","grtgra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtgra","avibase-5CBA3391",null,null,"'in nova Hispania' (cf. Peters, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 121) ; restricted to region about Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico, by Lowery, 1938, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 1, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/387/mode/1up","C[orvus] mexicanus"],["31819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus nelsoni","(Ridgway, 1901)","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.151",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern California to southern Arizona and western Mexico (northeastern Baja California and southern Sonora)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B3CED0E",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/195/mode/1up","Scaphidurus major nelsoni"],["31820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus graysoni","Sclater, 1884","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.6 p.157",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D601E520",null,null,"Mazatlán and Presidio, Sinaloa, Mexico; type from Presidio fide Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. PubL, Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 88.","A Review of the Species of the Family Icteridae. Part IV. Quiscalinae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/195/mode/1up","Quiscalus graysoni"],["31821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus obscurus","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southwestern Mexico (Nayarit to Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09CA2640",null,null,"Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Quiscalus macrourus obscurus"],["31822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus monsoni","(Phillips, 1950)","The Condor 52, no.2 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Arizona to western Texas and Mexican Plateau to Jalisco and Guanajuato",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11B004D7",null,null,"near San Antonio, Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico.","The Great-tailed Grackles of the southwest.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol52/iss2/5/","Cassidix mexicanus monsoni"],["31823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus prosopidicola","(Lowery, 1938)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 1 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern New Mexico to southern Texas (USA), and Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, and southern Tamaulipas (northern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D199AD0C",null,null,"Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.","A new Grackle of the Cassidix americanus group.","https://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1090&context=opmns","Cassidix mexicanus prosopidicola"],["31824","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus mexicanus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (eastern Jalisco and San Luis Potosí) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-362428C4",null,null,"'in nova Hispania' (cf. Peters, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 121) ; restricted to region about Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico, by Lowery, 1938, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 1, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/387/mode/1up","C[orvus] mexicanus"],["31825","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus loweryi","(Dickerman & Phillips, 1966)","Wilson Bulletin 78, no.1 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, and adjacent offshore islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F543B90A",null,null,"Chicxulub Puerto, Yucatan, Mexico.","A new subspecies of the boat-tailed grackle from México.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol78/iss1/25/","Cassidix mexicanus loweryi"],["31826","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Quiscalus mexicanus peruvianus","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.354",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of Costa Rica to northwestern Peru and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4929F2D1",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/366/mode/1up","Quiscalus Peruvianus"],["31827","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Macroagelaius","Cassin, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Quiscalus subalaris [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/21/mode/1up","Macroagelaius"],["31828","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Macroagelaius subalaris","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.70","Colombian Mountain Grackle","Mountain Grackle","Mountain Grackle",null,null,"locally in eastern Andes of northeastern Colombia",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724290","mougra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mougra1","avibase-7290E17C",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/80/mode/1up","Quiscalus sub-alaris"],["31829","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Macroagelaius imthurni","(Sclater, 1881)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881, pt.1 p.213","Golden-tufted Mountain Grackle","Golden-tufted Grackle","Golden-tufted Grackle",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela to western Guyana and northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724286","gotgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gotgra1","avibase-4778FAB7",null,null,"Kaieteur Falls, Potaro river, British Guiana.","On some Birds collected by Mr. E. F. im Thurn in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96698#page/281/mode/1up","Agelaeus imthurni"],["31830","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Lampropsar","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.333",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lampropsar guianensis [Cabanis, 1849]; type by subsequent monotypy (Cabanis, 1849, in Schomburgk, Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, 3 (1848), p. 6).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/341/mode/1up","Lampropsar"],["31831","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Lampropsar tanagrinus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.67, pl.64, f.1","Velvet-fronted Grackle","Velvet-fronted Grackle","Velvet-fronted Grackle",null,null,"varzea and gallery and riparian forests in northeastern Venezuela (Monagas) eastward to northwestern Guyana and southward to Mato Grosso (central Brazil) and central Bolivia, westward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia, and the Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward to central Peru and eastward along the Amazon River and tributaries to central Brazil (Rio Madeira, in Amazonas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724283","vefgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vefgra1","avibase-1D065546",null,null,"'in locis sylvaticis Parae [= Amazon Valley, Brazil] ; restricted to Itacoatiara, Amazonas, left bank of Amazon by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 565.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/87/mode/1up","Icterus tanagrinus"],["31832","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Lampropsar tanagrinus guianensis","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.682",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela (Sucre and northeastern Monagas southward to northeastern Bolívar, and northwestern Amazonas) and northwestern Guyana, northeastern Colombia (northeastern Vichada and northeastern Guainía), and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E1F4688",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/172/mode/1up","L[ampropsar] guianensis"],["31833","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Lampropsar tanagrinus tanagrinus","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.67, pl.64, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazon Basin in eastern Ecuador, southern Colombia (mainly Amazonas), northeastern Peru (Loreto and Ucayali), and western Brazil (Amazonas eastward to lower Rio Negro and Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-97F4D01A",null,null,"'in locis sylvaticis Parae [= Amazon Valley, Brazil] ; restricted to Itacoatiara, Amazonas, left bank of Amazon by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 565.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/87/mode/1up","Icterus tanagrinus"],["31834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Lampropsar tanagrinus macropterus","Gyldenstolpe, 1945","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar Ser. 3, 22 no.3 p.299",null,null,null,null,null,"western Brazil (upper Río Juruá in Acre and western Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C386CFD3",null,null,"Santo Antônio, Rio Eirú, upper Rio Juruá, Amazonas, Brazil.","The bird fauna of Rio Juruá in Western Brazil.",null,"Lampropsar tanagrinus macropterus"],["31835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Lampropsar tanagrinus violaceus","Hellmayr, 1906","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Kl2 22 p.616",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Bolivia (Beni and northern Santa Cruz) to west-central Brazil (northwestern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CE1C559",null,null,"Rio Guaporé, western Mato Grosso, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110344#page/728/mode/1up","Lampropsar tanagrinus violaceus"],["31836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Lampropsar tanagrinus boliviensis","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B, no.13 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (Beni and northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1D97E7F",null,null,"El Consuelo, El Beni, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new Birds from Bolivia.",null,"Lampropsar tanagrinus boliviensis"],["31837","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Gymnomystax","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxiii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Agelaius melanicterus [Vieillot, 1819]; type by subsequent monotypy (Cabanis, 1851, Museum Heineanum, 1, p. 189). = Oriolus mexicanus Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/165/mode/1up","Gymnomystax"],["31838","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Gymnomystax mexicanus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.162","Oriole Blackbird","Oriole Blackbird","Oriole Blackbird",null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724166","oribla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oribla1","avibase-2F92B333",null,null,"Mexico [error; Cayenne substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 32].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/166/mode/1up","O[riolus] mexicanus"],["31839","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Hypopyrrhus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.425",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cassicus pyrohypogaster [de Tarragon, 1847]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/659/mode/1up","Hypopyrrhus"],["31840","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster","(de Tarragon, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.252","Red-bellied Grackle","Red-bellied Grackle","Red-bellied Grackle",null,null,"Andes of Colombia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724268","rebgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebgra1","avibase-65FE3697",null,null,"Colombia.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Cassique, et note sur le Macronix Ameliae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/260/mode/1up","Cassicus pyrohypogaster"],["31841","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Amblyramphus","Leach, 1814","The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals 1 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Amblyramphus bicolor [Leach, 1814]; type by monotypy = Xanthornus holosericeus Scopoli, 1786",null,null,null,"Amblyramphus"],["31842","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Amblyramphus holosericeus","(Scopoli, 1786)","Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae pars.2 p.88","Scarlet-headed Blackbird","Scarlet-headed Blackbird","Scarlet-headed Blackbird",null,null,"marshes of northern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz), Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724265","schbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/schbla1","avibase-50F297CC",null,null,"Antigue . . . Isle of Panay [Philippines], error; islands of the delta of the Paraná suggested by Dabbene, 1912, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, 23, p. 372.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/11645-deliciae-florae-et-faunae-insubricae-pars-ii","Xanthornus (holosericeus)"],["31843","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Curaeus","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.139",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus curaeus [G.I. Molina, 1782]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,null,null,"Curaeus"],["31844","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Curaeus curaeus","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.252,345","Austral Blackbird","Austral Blackbird","Austral Blackbird",null,null,"deciduous to humid forest from central Chile (Atacama) and adjacent west-central Argentina (Neuquén) southward (including Chiloé and other coastal islands) to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724271","ausbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ausbla1","avibase-12D5E6AE",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=253&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Turdus Curaeus"],["31845","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Curaeus curaeus curaeus","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.252,345",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Argentina and southern Chile to Straits of Magellan",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E757D85D",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=253&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Turdus Curaeus"],["31846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Curaeus curaeus recurvirostris","Markham, 1971","Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile (Magallanes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F7D3916",null,null,"Chile, Magallanes, Isla Riesco, Fiordo Toro (53 23'S, 72 35'W)","Reconocimiento faunistico de l'areo de los fiordos Toro y Cóndor, isla Riesco, Magallanes.",null,"Curaeus curaeus recurvirostris"],["31847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Curaeus curaeus reynoldsi","(Sclater, 1939)","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"Tierra del Fuego, including islas Navarino and Hoste",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53E33986",null,null,"Viamonte, Tierra del Fuego.","A note on some American Orioles of the Family Icteridae.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb03966.x","Notiopsar curaeus reynoldsi"],["31848","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Anumara","Powell, Barker, Lanyon et al., 2014","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71 94-112.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Agelaeus forbesi [Sclater, PL, 1886]",null,"A comprehensive species-level molecular phylogeny of the New World blackbirds (Icteridae).","https://www.d.umn.edu/biology/documents/Lanyon1.pdf","Anumara"],["31849","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Anumara forbesi","(Sclater, 1886)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 11 p.345","Forbes's Blackbird","Forbes's Blackbird","Forbes's Blackbird",null,null,"northeastern and eastern Brazil, where very localized in Pernambuco and Alagoas, and northern Minas Gerais",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724274","forbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/forbla1","avibase-41E8146F",null,null,"Pernambuco, Brazil ; restricted to Macuca, Pernambuco by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 577.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34361#page/369/mode/1up","Agelaeus forbesi"],["31850","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Gnorimopsar","Richmond, 1908","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35, no.1656 p.584 [583-655]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Agelaius chopi [Vieillot, 1819]; type by monotypy",null,"Generic names applied to birds during the years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further additions to Waterhouse's \"Index Generum Avium\"","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32327#page/771/mode/1up","Gnorimopsar"],["31851","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Gnorimopsar chopi","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.537","Chopi Blackbird","Chopi Blackbird","Chopi Blackbird",null,null,"woodland, savanna, Caatinga, Cerrado, and open fields from far southeastern Peru eastward to northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Pará), and southward to Buenos Aires province (Argentina) and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724277","chobla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chobla1","avibase-40A8B734",null,null,"Paraguay to Buenos Aires ; Paraguay designated by Cuello and Gerzenstein, 1962, Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 6, no. 93, p. 154.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/563/mode/1up","Agelaius chopi"],["31852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Gnorimopsar chopi sulcirostris","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.67, pl.64, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5EF7B6D4",null,null,"'in campis Minas Geraes', [error] ; Oeiras, Piauí, substituted by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ, Zool. Ser., 12, p. 276.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/87/mode/1up","Icterus sulcirostris"],["31853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Gnorimopsar chopi chopi","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.537",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southeastern Brazil (northern Mato Grosso eastward to Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo) southward to northeastern Argentina (southward to Santa Fe and Entre Ríos) and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E257F7DB",null,null,"Paraguay to Buenos Aires ; Paraguay designated by Cuello and Gerzenstein, 1962, Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 6, no. 93, p. 154.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/563/mode/1up","Agelaius chopi"],["31854","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Gnorimopsar chopi megistus","(Leverkühn, 1889)","Journal für Ornithologie 37, no.185 p.104",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Peru (Pampas del Heath), northern and eastern Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (northern Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46581D7F",null,null,"Santa Cruz and San Miguel, Bolivia","Südamerikanische Nova aus dem Kieler Museum","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102840#page/116/mode/1up","Aphobus megistus"],["31855","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.188-189",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus thilius [Molina, 1782]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 69).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/204/mode/1up","Agelasticus"],["31856","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus thilius","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.250,345","Yellow-winged Blackbird","Yellow-winged Blackbird","Yellow-winged Blackbird",null,null,"breeds freshwater marshes in the highlands of southern Andes of Peru and western Bolivia, the lowlands of Chile from Atacama southward to Magallanes, and lowlands from north-central Argentina eastward to Uruguay and far southeastern Brazil, southward to southeastern Chile and southern mainland Argentina; winters northward to southern Bolivia and southern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724178","yewbla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yewbla2","avibase-11755EFA",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=251&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Turdus Thilius"],["31857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus thilius alticola","(Todd, 1932)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia (La Paz and Oruro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7FD9B273",null,null,"Desaguadero, Bolivia.","Seven apparently new South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/241/mode/1up","Agelaius thilius alticola"],["31858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus thilius thilius","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.250,345",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Chile (Atacama to Valdivia) and southwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9A087BA",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=251&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Turdus Thilius"],["31859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus thilius petersii","(Laubmann, 1934)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 20 Heft2,3 p.331,332",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to far southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7027E75",null,null,"Saladillo, frontier of Santa Fé and Santiago del Estero, Argentina.",null,null,"Agelaius thilius petersii"],["31860","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus xanthophthalmus","(Short, 1969)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 37 p.1","Pale-eyed Blackbird","Pale-eyed Blackbird","Pale-eyed Blackbird",null,null,"locally in marshes of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724172","paebla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paebla2","avibase-9A0C6612",null,null,"15 km. north-northeast of Tingo Maria, 4 km. north of the Tulumayo River and about 2 km. northwest of the village of Pumahuasi, elev. approx. 2150, Departamento Huánuco, Peru","A new species of blackbird (Agelaius) from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/opmz/24/","Agelaius xanthophthalmus"],["31861","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus cyanopus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.552","Unicolored Blackbird","Unicolored Blackbird","Unicolored Blackbird",null,null,"marshes in northeastern Brazil (Amapá to Maranhão), northern and eastern Bolivia eastward to central Brazil (Mato Grosso and Tocantins) southward to northern Argentina, and on the Atlantic coast of Brazil (Bahia southward to Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724184","unibla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unibla2","avibase-B5792FEE",null,null,"Paraguay, jusqu'au 27e degré de latitude",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/578/mode/1up","Agelaius cyanopus"],["31862","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus cyanopus xenicus","(Parkes, 1966)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 79 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Amapá to Pará and northwestern Maranhão) southward through central Brazil to northwestern Paraná and western São Paulo; intergrades with atroolivaceus in southern São Paulo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-670B3B29",null,null,"Arucaua, Amapá, Pará, Brazil.","Geographic variation in Azara's Marsh blackbird, Agelaius cyanopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107518#page/362/mode/1up","Agelaius cyanopus xenicus"],["31863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus cyanopus atroolivaceus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.1216",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil, from Minas Gerais and southwestern Bahia southward to coastal southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to São Paulo); intergrades with unicolor in southern São Paulo",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C316C801",null,null,"Curral de Batuba, near Lagoa Feia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/1238/mode/1up","Icterus atro-olivaceus"],["31864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus cyanopus beniensis","(Parkes, 1966)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 79 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66DA1D4C",null,null,"Chatarona, 600 ft., El Beni, Bolivia.","Geographic variation in Azara's Marsh blackbird, Agelaius cyanopus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107518#page/361/mode/1up","Agelaius cyanopus beniensis"],["31865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelasticus cyanopus cyanopus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia and south-central Brazil to Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0678B10C",null,null,"Paraguay, jusqu'au 27e degré de latitude",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/578/mode/1up","Agelaius cyanopus"],["31866","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Oreopsar","Sclater, 1939","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oreopsar bolivianus [W.L. Sclater, 1939]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb03966.x","Oreopsar"],["31867","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Oreopsar bolivianus","Sclater, 1939","Ibis ser.14, vol.3, no.1 p.144","Bolivian Blackbird","Bolivian Blackbird","Bolivian Blackbird",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Bolivia (Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Potosí, and far western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724280","bolbla1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bolbla1","avibase-DA3AD600",null,null,"Sucre, 2,700 m., Chuquisaca, Bolivia.","A note on some American Orioles of the Family Icteridae.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1939.tb03966.x","Oreopsar bolivianus"],["31868","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaioides","Cassin, 1866","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Agelaius badius [Vieillot, 1819]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1884, Ibis, 1884 [26], p. 3).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/23/mode/1up","Agelaioides"],["31869","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaioides fringillarius","(Spix, 1824)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 1 p.68, pl.65, f.1-2","Pale Baywing","Pale Baywing","Pale Baywing",null,null,"Campos of northeastern Brazil (Piauí to Pernambuco, Bahia, and Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103795103","bawcow3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawcow3","avibase-C907BF92",null,null,"in campis Minas Geraïs",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128666#page/88/mode/1up","Icterus fringillarius"],["31870","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaioides badius","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.535","Greyish Baywing","Grayish Baywing","Greyish Baywing",null,null,"woodland and savanna from northern Bolivia eastward to southern Brazil (Mato Grosso and São Paulo) and southward to south-central Argentina (Chubut)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103794964","bawcow4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawcow4","avibase-F888C888",null,null,"Paraguay and Río de la Plata ; based on 'Tordo del Pardo-Roxizo,' no. 63, of Azara, 1802, Apuntamientos Hist. Nat. Paxaros Paraguay Río Plata, 1, p. 290; restricted to Paraguay by Pinto, op. cit., p. 564.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/561/mode/1up","Agelaius badius"],["31871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaioides badius badius","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.535",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Beni and Tarija) to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD419C3D",null,null,"Paraguay and Río de la Plata ; based on 'Tordo del Pardo-Roxizo,' no. 63, of Azara, 1802, Apuntamientos Hist. Nat. Paxaros Paraguay Río Plata, 1, p. 290; restricted to Paraguay by Pinto, op. cit., p. 564.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/561/mode/1up","Agelaius badius"],["31872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Agelaioides badius bolivianus","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft1 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central and southern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AEE370BC",null,null,"Chuquisaca, Bolivia.","Bechreibung von sechs neotropischen Vogelformen, nebst einer Bemerkung über Ampelion cinctus (Tsch.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/118/mode/1up","Molothrus badius bolivianus"],["31873","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Chrysomus","Swainson, 1837","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus icterocephalus [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 42).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/298/mode/1up","Chrysomus"],["31874","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Chrysomus ruficapillus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.536","Chestnut-capped Blackbird","Chestnut-capped Blackbird","Chestnut-capped Blackbird",null,null,"freshwater marshes in far eastern French Guiana and northeastern Brazil southward along the Atlantic coast and interior Brazil to Buenos Aires and La Pampa (central Argentina), and westward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724212","chcbla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chcbla2","avibase-7D94C902",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/562/mode/1up","Agelaius ruficapillus"],["31875","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Chrysomus ruficapillus frontalis","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,"coast of French Guiana, and eastern Brazil (Amapá, including Marajó Island, eastward to Rio Grande do Norte, then southward to Goiás, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18CE5812",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/571/mode/1up","Agelaius frontalis"],["31876","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Chrysomus ruficapillus ruficapillus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.536",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz to Tarija) to Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA3933FB",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/562/mode/1up","Agelaius ruficapillus"],["31877","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Chrysomus icterocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.163","Yellow-hooded Blackbird","Yellow-hooded Blackbird","Yellow-hooded Blackbird",null,null,"disjunctly in freshwater marshes in South America from the lowlands of eastern Panama eastward to Trinidad and the Guianas, to southeastern Venezuela, northernmost Brazil, and western Guyana, along the Amazon River in Brazil from its mouth westward to northern Peru (Loreto), in the lowlands of southern Venezuela and Colombia, and in highland marshes of the Bogotá plateau (northeastern Colombia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724200","yehbla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yehbla2","avibase-42826912",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/167/mode/1up","O[riolus] icterocephalus"],["31878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Chrysomus icterocephalus bogotensis","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Bogotá Plateau)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7205B436",null,null,"Suba Marshes, Bogotá Savanna, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Agelaius icterocephalus bogotensis"],["31879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Chrysomus icterocephalus icterocephalus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E1EA28A",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/167/mode/1up","O[riolus] icterocephalus"],["31880","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Xanthopsar","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Oriolus flavus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Xanthopsar"],["31881","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Xanthopsar flavus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.389","Saffron-cowled Blackbird","Saffron-cowled Blackbird","Saffron-cowled Blackbird",null,null,"Paraguay to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724673","sacbla2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sacbla2","avibase-A6365418",null,null,"'in Antigua insulae Panay [error] , et America australi' ; Río de la Plata designated by Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 184.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/401/mode/1up","O[riolus] flavus"],["31882","genus","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Pseudoleistes","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.137",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pseudoleistes viridis [Sclater, PL, 1862]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater, PL, 1884, Ibis, 1884 [26], p. 19). = Agelaius guirahuro Vieillot, 1819",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/297/mode/1up","Pseudoleistes"],["31883","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Pseudoleistes virescens","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.543","Brown-and-yellow Marshbird","Brown-and-yellow Marshbird","Brown-and-yellow Marshbird",null,null,"wet pastures of far southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724262","baymar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baymar1","avibase-947E1C04",null,null,"on the confines of Brazil [= Uruguay?] and near Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires suggested by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo) , pt. 2, p. 583.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/569/mode/1up","Agelaius virescens"],["31884","species","Passeriformes","Icteridae","New World Blackbirds, Troupials, and allies","Pseudoleistes guirahuro","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 34 p.545","Yellow-rumped Marshbird","Yellow-rumped Marshbird","Yellow-rumped Marshbird",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724259","yermar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yermar1","avibase-45D8B6C5",null,null,"Paraguay and Río de La Plata, Paraguay designated by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 582.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64021#page/571/mode/1up","Agelaius guirahuro"],["31885","family","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Parulidae",null,null,"New World Warblers","New World Warblers","New World Warblers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"paruli1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paruli1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["31886","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Seiurus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Turdus aurocapillus [Wilson, A, 1812]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, 10 (1827), p. 171). = Motacilla aurocapilla Linnaeus, 1766",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/385/mode/1up","Seiurus"],["31887","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Seiurus aurocapilla","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334","Ovenbird","Ovenbird","Ovenbird",null,null,"breeds deciduous and coniferous forest from southern Northwestern Territories and northeastern British Columbia eastward to Newfoundland and Labrador (western to eastern Canada), and from Colorado to northern Georgia (central to southeastern USA); winters from southern Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico (mostly eastern, including the Yucatan Peninsula) through Central America to eastern Panama, and scarcer in the lowlands of northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721779","ovenbi1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ovenbi1","avibase-CEA5B6AA",null,null,"Pennsylvania (teste Linnaeus) ; 'on the coast of Hispaniola, about ten leagues from land' (teste Edwards).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla aurocapilla"],["31888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Seiurus aurocapilla aurocapilla","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and southeastern Canada to eastern USA; winters to northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D327CA3A",null,null,"Pennsylvania (teste Linnaeus) ; 'on the coast of Hispaniola, about ten leagues from land' (teste Edwards).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla aurocapilla"],["31889","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Seiurus aurocapilla cinereus","Miller, 1942","The Condor 44, no.4 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Rocky Mountains of southern Alberta to west-central USA; winters to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0C7F988",null,null,"four miles west of Fort Howe Ranger Station, 4,000 ft.. Powder River County, Montana.","Differentiation of the Oven-birds of the Rocky Mountain region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol44/iss4/18/","Seiurus aurocapillus cinereus"],["31890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Seiurus aurocapilla furvior","Batchelder, 1918","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Newfoundland; winters to Bahamas, Cuba, and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F79058D5",null,null,"near Deer Pond, Newfoundland.","Two undescribed Newfoundland birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/91/mode/1up","Seiurus aurocapillus furvior"],["31891","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Parkesia","Sangster, 2008","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 128 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla noveboracensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by original designation",null,"A new genus for the waterthmshes (Parulidae)","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164184#page/231/mode/1up","Parkesia"],["31892","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Parkesia noveboracensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.958","Northern Waterthrush","Northern Waterthrush","Northern Waterthrush",null,null,"breeds northern North America; winters to West Indies and northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721793","norwat","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norwat","avibase-709AF716",null,null,"Louisiana and New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/459/mode/1up","Motacilla noveboracensis"],["31893","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Parkesia motacilla","(Vieillot, 1809)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.9 pl.65","Louisiana Waterthrush","Louisiana Waterthrush","Louisiana Waterthrush",null,null,"breeds eastern USA; winters southern Florida to northwestern South America and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721803","louwat","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/louwat","avibase-7AB0F3A4",null,null,"Kentucky.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/41/mode/1up","Turdus motacilla"],["31894","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Helmitheros","Rafinesque, 1819","Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire naturelle et des Arts, avec des Planches en Taille-Douce 88 p.418",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Helmitheros migratorius [Rafinesque, 1819]; type by original designation = Motacilla vermivora J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,null,"Helmitheros"],["31895","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Helmitheros vermivorum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.951","Worm-eating Warbler","Worm-eating Warbler","Worm-eating Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern USA; winters southeastern Mexico to Panama and Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721768","woewar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woewar1","avibase-295C4CD6",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 281.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/452/mode/1up","Motacilla vermivora"],["31896","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Mniotilta","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.45",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla varia [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Motacilla varia Linnaeus, 1766",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f51.item","Mniotilta"],["31897","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Mniotilta varia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.333","Black-and-white Warbler","Black-and-white Warbler","Black-and-white Warbler",null,null,"breeds deciduous and mixed forests in northwestern Canada (Northwest Territories to Maritime Provinces) and in south from east Texas eastward to North Carolina; winters Mexico to Peru and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721758","bawwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawwar","avibase-4D207AF6",null,null,"Jamaica and Santo Domingo; restricted to Santo Domingo by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 304.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/337/mode/1up","Motacilla varia"],["31898","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Protonotaria","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xix,xxxi,235,239",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla protonotarius [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Motacilla citrea Boddaert, 1783",null,null,null,"Protonotaria"],["31899","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Protonotaria citrea","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44","Prothonotary Warbler","Prothonotary Warbler","Prothonotary Warbler",null,null,"breeds in woodland near water, mainly in eastern USA (southern Minnesota and southern Ontario eastward to New Jersey, and eastern Texas to northern Florida); winters southeastern Mexico to western Ecuador and Lesser Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721765","prowar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prowar","avibase-4D08EE7E",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Motacilla citrea"],["31900","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Limnothlypis","Stone, 1914","Science (n.s.) 40 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia swainsonii [Audubon, 1834]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/247291#page/40/mode/1up","Limnothlypis"],["31901","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Limnothlypis swainsonii","(Audubon, 1834)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 2, no.40 pl.198","Swainson's Warbler","Swainson's Warbler","Swainson's Warbler",null,null,"breeds locally in varied (often mesic) forests southeastern USA (Missouri eastward to southern Virginia, and eastern Texas eastward to northern Florida); winters southeastern Mexico and Belize to Guatemala and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721776","swawar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swawar","avibase-D3624203",null,null,"no locality; Edisto River, near Charleston, South Carolina, designated by Audubon, 1835, Ornith. Biogr., 2, p. 563.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/202/","Sylvia Swainsonii"],["31902","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Vermivora","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1, no.6 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Vermivora solitaria [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy = Sylvia solitaria A. Wilson, 1810 = Certhia pinus Linnaeus, 1766",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/450/mode/1up","Vermivora"],["31903","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Vermivora bachmanii","(Audubon, 1833)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 2, no.37 pl.185","Bachman's Warbler","Bachman's Warbler","Bachman's Warbler",null,null,"formerly bred southeastern USA; wintered to Cuba and Bahamas (probably extinct)","Possibly Extinct","CR (PE)","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721607","bacwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bacwar","avibase-207491AE",null,null,"no locality; a few miles from Charleston, South Carolina, designated by Audubon, 1835, Ornith. Biogr., 2, p. 483.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/189/","Sylvia Bachmanii"],["31904","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Vermivora chrysoptera","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.333","Golden-winged Warbler","Golden-winged Warbler","Golden-winged Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters Guatemala to northwestern South America and Greater Antilles",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721618","gowwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gowwar","avibase-83F326C8",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 307",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/337/mode/1up","Motacilla chrysoptera"],["31905","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Vermivora cyanoptera","Olson & Reveal, 2009","Wilson Journal of Ornithology 121 p.620","Blue-winged Warbler","Blue-winged Warbler","Blue-winged Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern USA (eastern Nebraska and southern Minnesota eastward to southern New England, and in south from northeastern Oklahoma to western South Carolina; winters southeastern Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721610","buwwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/buwwar","avibase-B617FE7D",null,null,"Pennsylvania [USA]","Nomenclatural History and a New Name for the Blue-winged Warbler (Aves: Parulidae).",null,"Vermivora cyanoptera"],["31906","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis","Ridgway, 1884","The Auk 1, no.2 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Compsothlypis gutturalis [Cabanis, 1860]; type by original designation",null,"Analecta Ornithologica","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol1/iss2/12/","Oreothlypis"],["31907","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis gutturalis","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.47 p.329","Flame-throated Warbler","Flame-throated Warbler","Flame-throated Warbler",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721651","fltwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fltwar1","avibase-03561EAE",null,null,"Irazú, Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/341/mode/1up","Compsothlypis gutturalis"],["31908","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis superciliosa","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.215","Crescent-chested Warbler","Crescent-chested Warbler","Crescent-chested Warbler",null,null,"montane forest from northern Sonora in the west and central Nuevo León in the east (northern Mexico) southward through Mexican transvolcanic belt and southward to northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721645","crcwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcwar","avibase-2BC547FD",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/223/mode/1up","Conirostrum superciliosum"],["31909","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis superciliosa sodalis","(Moore, 1941)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACF4F023",null,null,"between Chiricahui and Churo, ca. 7,200 ft., southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/61/mode/1up","Vermivora superciliosa sodalis"],["31910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis superciliosa mexicana","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E503AF99",null,null,"Mexico ; cotypes from Real Arriba, Puebla, fide van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 419.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/486/mode/1up","Parula mexicana"],["31911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis superciliosa palliata","(Van Rossem, 1939)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (southern Jalisco to western Michoacán and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E4204569",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Colima, Jalisco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107601#page/34/mode/1up","Vermivora superciliosa palliata"],["31912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis superciliosa superciliosa","(Hartlaub, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.215",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and western Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE3FC26B",null,null,"Guatemala.","Description de sept Oiseaux nouveaux de Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/223/mode/1up","Conirostrum superciliosum"],["31913","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oreothlypis superciliosa parva","(Miller & Griscom, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.183 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of central and eastern Honduras and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0BF6106",null,null,"near Jinotega, 3,500 ft., Nicaragua.","Notes on Central American birds, with descriptions of new forms.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4366/","Vermivora superciliosa parva"],["31914","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis","Sangster, 2008","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 128 p.210 [207-211]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia peregrina [Wilson, A, 1811]; type by original designation",null,"A revision of Vermivora (Parulidae), with the description of a new genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164184#page/228/mode/1up","Leiothlypis"],["31915","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis peregrina","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.83 pl.25 fig.2","Tennessee Warbler","Tennessee Warbler","Tennessee Warbler",null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska and southern Yukon to northern USA; winters southern Mexico to northwestern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721621","tenwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tenwar","avibase-D204A930",null,null,"banks of Cumberland river, Tennessee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/101/mode/1up","Sylvia peregrina"],["31916","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis celata","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 1 p.169,note","Orange-crowned Warbler","Orange-crowned Warbler","Orange-crowned Warbler",null,null,"breeds in shrub and woodland from Alaska eastward to Newfoundland (eastern Canada) and southward through most of the western USA to northern Baja California and New Mexico; winters on Pacific coast of USA and southern USA throughout Mexico (rarer in the Yucatan Peninsula) except the far south",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721624","orcwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orcwar","avibase-FFF61080",null,null,"Engineer Cantonment, near Council Bluffs [= Omaha, Nebraska] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124314#page/187/mode/1up","Sylvia celatus"],["31917","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis celata celata","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 1 p.169,note",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Alaska to southern Canada; winters to Guatemala and Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5EE6981",null,null,"Engineer Cantonment, near Council Bluffs [= Omaha, Nebraska] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124314#page/187/mode/1up","Sylvia celatus"],["31918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis celata lutescens","(Ridgway, 1872)","The American Journal of Science and Arts ser.3, vol.4, no.24 p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska to British Columbia and southern California; winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F66823A4",null,null,"Pacific coast, from Radiak [sic = Kodiak] to Cape St. Lucas; cotypes from Fort Kenai, southern Alaska, fide Deignan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 526.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114152#page/469/mode/1up","Helminthophaga celata lutescens"],["31919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis celata orestera","(Oberholser, 1905)","The Auk 22, no.3 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Rocky Mountains to southwestern USA and western Texas; winters to southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4DD6D99",null,null,"Willis, New Mexico.","The forms of Vermivora celata (Say).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol22/iss3/2/","Vermivora celata orestera"],["31920","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis celata sordida","(Townsend, 1890)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 13, no.799 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern California and islands off southwestern California and Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1EE2C92",null,null,"San Clemente Island, California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53445#page/171/mode/1up","Helminthophila celata sordida"],["31921","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis ruficapilla","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.120 pl.27 fig.3","Nashville Warbler","Nashville Warbler","Nashville Warbler",null,null,"breeds disjunctly in deciduous and secondary forest in southern British Columbia (southwestern Canada) and northwestern USA southward to central California, and from Saskatchewan eastward to Nova Scotia (central to eastern Canada), and in the northeastern USA from northern Minnesota eastward to the Atlantic coast, thence southward to Maryland, and in the Appalachians southward to West Virginia; winters southern California and southernmost Texas through northern and central Mexico, and more rarely to Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721627","naswar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/naswar","avibase-183E5F90",null,null,"near Nashville, Tennessee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/142/mode/1up","Sylvia ruficapilla"],["31922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis ruficapilla ridgwayi","(Van Rossem, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to California, Nevada, and northern Utah; winters to Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A468E19C",null,null,"Fort Tejon, California, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; type from East Humboldt Mountains, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 343.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/213/mode/1up","Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi"],["31923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis ruficapilla ruficapilla","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.120 pl.27 fig.3",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Canada to east-central USA; winters Mexico to central Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA5914EE",null,null,"near Nashville, Tennessee.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/142/mode/1up","Sylvia ruficapilla"],["31924","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis crissalis","(Salvin & Godman, 1889)","Ibis ser.6, vol.1, no.3 p.380","Colima Warbler","Colima Warbler","Colima Warbler",null,null,"breeds Chisos Mountains of southwestern Texas patchily through Sierra Madre Oriental in central Coahuila to southwestern Tamaulipas, northeastern Zacatecas, and northern San Luis Potosí; winters southeastern Sinaloa southward to central Guerrero and eastward to Morelos",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721633","colwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colwar","avibase-82F8890F",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Colima, Mexico.","Notes on Mexican Birds. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55019#page/410/mode/1up","Helminthophila crissalis"],["31925","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis virginiae","(Baird, 1860)","The birds of North America; the descriptions of species based chiefly on the collections in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution p.xi Atlas pl.79 fig.1","Virginia's Warbler","Virginia's Warbler","Virginia's Warbler",null,null,"breeds mountains in Great Basin of southwestern USA (Idaho eastward to Colorado, and southeastern California eastward to western Texas); winters to southwestern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721630","virwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/virwar","avibase-A97F14D0",null,null,"Cantonment [ = Fort] Burgwyn, Taos County, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185558#page/21/mode/1up","Helminthophaga virginiae"],["31926","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leiothlypis luciae","(Cooper, 1861)","Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (1), 2 p.120","Lucy's Warbler","Lucy's Warbler","Lucy's Warbler",null,null,"breeds arid southwestern USA to northeastern Baja California and northeastern Sonora; winters to southwestern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721636","lucwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lucwar","avibase-E8EB3C96",null,null,"Fort Mojave, near lat. 35° N., Colorado Valley, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24102#page/134/mode/1up","Helminthophaga luciae"],["31927","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oporornis","Baird, 1858","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.xix,xxxii,240,246",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia agilis [Wilson, A, 1812]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Oporornis"],["31928","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Oporornis agilis","(Wilson, 1812)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 5 p.64 pl.39 fig.4","Connecticut Warbler","Connecticut Warbler","Connecticut Warbler",null,null,"breeds locally from northeastern British Columbia and southwestern Northwest Territories, eastward to west-central Quebec and south to the northern Great Lakes region of the United States; wintering range poorly known but evidently mainly southern edge of Amazon Basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721818","conwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/conwar","avibase-0B23929D",null,null,"Connecticut.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175520#page/74/mode/1up","Sylvia agilis"],["31929","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leucopeza","Sclater, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,null,"(possibly extinct)",null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leucopeza semperi [Sclater, PL, 1876]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90509#page/20/mode/1up","Leucopeza"],["31930","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Leucopeza semperi","Sclater, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.14 pl.2","Semper's Warbler","Semper's Warbler","Semper's Warbler",null,null,"montane forest of St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles); likely extinct","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721873","semwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/semwar1","avibase-21F464DE",null,null,"St. Lucia.","On some additional Species of Birds from St. Lucia, West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90509#page/20/mode/1up","Leucopeza semperi"],["31931","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.316,349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trichas personatus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy = Turdus trichas Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/324/mode/1up","Geothlypis"],["31932","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis philadelphia","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.101 pl.14 fig.6","Mourning Warbler","Mourning Warbler","Mourning Warbler",null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada and northeastern USA; winters Nicaragua to northwestern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721824","mouwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouwar","avibase-1A0096F2",null,null,"within a few miles of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/115/mode/1up","Sylvia Philadelphia"],["31933","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis tolmiei","(Townsend, 1839)","Narrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River, and a visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &c. p.343","MacGillivray's Warbler","MacGillivray's Warbler","MacGillivray's Warbler",null,null,"breeds in woodlands of western North America from northwestern British Colombia and western Montana southward through California and New Mexico; winters highlands of Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721830","macwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/macwar","avibase-85106518",null,null,"Columbia River [:= Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washington, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 542].",null,null,"Sylvia Tolmiei"],["31934","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis tolmiei tolmiei","(Townsend, 1839)","Narrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River, and a visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &c. p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Alaska and western Canada southward through northwestern USA to southern California; winters to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-071928A4",null,null,"Columbia River [:= Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washington, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 542].",null,null,"Sylvia Tolmiei"],["31935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis tolmiei monticola","(Phillips, 1947)","The Auk 64, no.2 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central Canada and west-central USA southward through Coahuila and Nuevo León; winters to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C38CFE96",null,null,"Hart Prairie, San Francisco Mt., Arizona.","The races of MacGillivray's Warbler.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol64/iss2/15/","Oporornis tolmiei monticola"],["31936","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis poliocephala","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.225, 220 (in key)","Grey-crowned Yellowthroat","Gray-crowned Yellowthroat","Grey-crowned Yellowthroat",null,null,"open grassland and scrub in lowlands and hills of Mexico (Sinaloa in the west and central Nuevo León in the east, including Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel) to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721860","gycyel","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycyel","avibase-2A09CA67",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/237/mode/1up","Geothlypis poliocephala"],["31937","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis poliocephala poliocephala","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.225, 220 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of northwestern Mexico (northern Sinaloa to far western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDF87072",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/237/mode/1up","Geothlypis poliocephala"],["31938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.964 p.692",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Texas (USA) to northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C2C8CB4",null,null,"Brownsville, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/862/mode/1up","Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi"],["31939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis poliocephala palpebralis","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.526",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of southern Mexico (Veracruz) to Belize and Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAB3CAF3",null,null,"Mirador, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/548/mode/1up","Geothlypis (Chamaethlypis) palpebralis"],["31940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis poliocephala caninucha","Ridgway, 1872","The American Journal of Science and Arts ser.3, vol.4, no.24 p.459",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to western Guatemala, El Salvador, and southern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BBB4018",null,null,"Guatemala and Costa Rica; type from Retalhuleu, Guatemala, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 547.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114152#page/471/mode/1up","Geothlypis poliocephala caninucha"],["31941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis poliocephala icterotis","Ridgway, 1889","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11, no.750 p.539",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Nicaragua and western Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5510359D",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32566#page/675/mode/1up","Geothlypis caninucha icterotis"],["31942","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis poliocephala ridgwayi","(Griscom, 1930)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 12 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica (Térraba Valley) to western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75753AAF",null,null,"Boruca, southwestern Costa Rica.","Critical notes on Central American Birds.",null,"Chamaethlypis poliocephala ridgwayi"],["31943","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis velata","(Vieillot, 1809)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.22 pl.74","Southern Yellowthroat","Southern Yellowthroat",null,"2025-0529","The <em>Geothlypis aequinoctialis</em> complex is split into three species based on deep mitochondrial DNA divergences (Escalante et al. 2009), supported by plumage differences: <em>G. aequinoctialis</em> (monotypic); <em>G. auricularis</em> (polytypic, including <em>peruviana</em>); and <em>G. velata</em> (monotypic). A more comprehensive assessment of genetic divergences (including nuclear DNA) and vocalizations is desirable.","southeastern Peru to Bolivia (except southwestern), Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"masyel5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masyel5","avibase-65AD203E",null,null,"no locality; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, designated by Naumberg, 1930, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, p. 339.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/72/mode/1up","Sylvia velata"],["31944","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis aequinoctialis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.972","Masked Yellowthroat","Masked Yellowthroat",null,"2025-0529","The <em>Geothlypis aequinoctialis</em> complex is split into three species based on deep mitochondrial DNA divergences (Escalante et al. 2009), supported by plumage differences: <em>G. aequinoctialis</em> (monotypic); <em>G. auricularis</em> (polytypic, including <em>peruviana</em>); and <em>G. velata</em> (monotypic). A more comprehensive assessment of genetic divergences (including nuclear DNA) and vocalizations is desirable.","northeastern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,"masyel2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masyel2","avibase-0B42CDFF",null,null,"Cayenne [= French Guiana] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/473/mode/1up","Motacilla aequinoctialis"],["31945","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis auricularis","Salvin, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.3 p.420","Black-lored Yellowthroat","Black-lored Yellowthroat","Black-lored Yellowthroat","2025-0529","The <em>Geothlypis aequinoctialis</em> complex is split into three species based on deep mitochondrial DNA divergences (Escalante et al. 2009), supported by plumage differences: <em>G. aequinoctialis</em> (monotypic); <em>G. auricularis</em> (polytypic, including <em>peruviana</em>); and <em>G. velata</em> (monotypic). A more comprehensive assessment of genetic divergences (including nuclear DNA) and vocalizations is desirable.","semi-humid scrub and fields in the lowlands of western Ecuador southward to southern coastal Peru (Ica), and far southeastern Ecuador and interior northern Peru in the Marañón Valley",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103795612","masyel4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masyel4","avibase-CF65BB25",null,null,"Callao, Peru.","A List of the Birds collected by Captain A. H. Markham on the West Coast of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/544/mode/1up","Geothlypis auricularis"],["31946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis auricularis auricularis","Salvin, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.3 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Ecuador to western Peru (southward to Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D2AF9D0",null,null,"Callao, Peru.","A List of the Birds collected by Captain A. H. Markham on the West Coast of America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/544/mode/1up","Geothlypis auricularis"],["31947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis auricularis peruviana","Taczanowski, 1884","Ornithologie du Pérou 1 p.471",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley of Cajamarca and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E4675C3",null,null,"Callacate, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50520#page/481/mode/1up","Geothlypis aequinoctialis peruviana"],["31948","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis formosa","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.85, pl.XXV, fig.3","Kentucky Warbler","Kentucky Warbler","Kentucky Warbler",null,null,"breeds in deciduous woodland with understory from southern Iowa eastward to New Jersey and southward from eastern Texas to northern Florida (eastern USA); winters mainly eastern Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721812","kenwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kenwar","avibase-8C105C3C",null,null,"Kentucky.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/103/mode/1up","Sylvia formosa"],["31949","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis speciosa","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.374 p.447","Black-polled Yellowthroat","Black-polled Yellowthroat","Black-polled Yellowthroat",null,null,"highlands of south-central Mexico (eastern Michoacán, southern Guanajuato, and México)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721851","blpyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blpyel1","avibase-4659CFBD",null,null,"Mexico; types probably from Orizaba, Veracruz, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 442.","Characters of Five New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/541/mode/1up","Geothlypis speciosa"],["31950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis speciosa speciosa","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.374 p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"wetlands of Ciénegas del Lerma, state of Mexico (central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6045364",null,null,"Mexico; types probably from Orizaba, Veracruz, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 442.","Characters of Five New Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/541/mode/1up","Geothlypis speciosa"],["31951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis speciosa limnatis","Dickerman, 1970","The Condor 72, no.1 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"wetlands of southern Guanajuato and northern Michoacán (central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-735DF066",null,null,"Lago Yuriria, state of Guanajuato, Mexico","A systematic revision of Geothlypis speciosa, the Black-polled Yellowthroat.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol72/iss1/12/","Geothlypis speciosa limnatis"],["31952","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis nelsoni","Richmond, 1900","The Auk 17, no.2 p.179","Hooded Yellowthroat","Hooded Yellowthroat","Hooded Yellowthroat",null,null,"dry scrub of hills and mountains from southern Coahuila to central Oaxaca (north-central to southeastern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721854","hooyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hooyel1","avibase-24ED5D5C",null,null,"Cofre de Perote, near Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.","Some Necessary Changes in Nomenclature","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss2/32/","Geothlypis nelsoni"],["31953","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis nelsoni nelsoni","Richmond, 1900","The Auk 17, no.2 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico (Coahuila to Veracruz and northern Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79C73D8C",null,null,"Cofre de Perote, near Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.","Some Necessary Changes in Nomenclature","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss2/32/","Geothlypis nelsoni"],["31954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis nelsoni karlenae","Moore, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Distrito Federal to Puebla and north-central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F37B535D",null,null,"Totontepec, about 6,560 ft., Mt. Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Two new Warblers from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123310#page/119/mode/1up","Geothlypis nelsoni karlenae"],["31955","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis semiflava","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.273","Olive-crowned Yellowthroat","Olive-crowned Yellowthroat",null,"2025-0528","<em>Geothlypis semiflava</em> (polytypic) is retained as a single species. Mitochondrial DNA divergences among the three taxa are modest (Escalante et al. 2009), and vocal responses between <em>bairdi</em> and <em>chiriquensis </em>suggest conspecificity (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017). More comprehensive reviews of genetic and vocal variation would be required to justify splits in this species.","grassland and scrub from lowlands to hills of northeastern Honduras southward to western Panama, and disjunctly in western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"olcyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olcyel1","avibase-D7815419",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/353/mode/1up","Geothlypis semiflava"],["31956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis semiflava chiriquensis","Salvin, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.6 p.148",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of far southern Costa Rica and western Panama (western Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10EF17DC",null,null,"slopes of Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","Remarks on the Mniotiltine Genus Geothlypis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/182/mode/1up","Geothlypis chiriquensis"],["31957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis semiflava bairdi","Ridgway, 1884","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6, no.391 p.398",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Honduras to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAE5EC75",null,null,"Los Sabalos, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/412/mode/1up","Geothlypis bairdi"],["31958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis semiflava semiflava","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.273",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of western Colombia to western Ecuador (El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5FF44F9",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/353/mode/1up","Geothlypis semiflava"],["31959","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis rostrata","Bryant, 1867","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.67","Bahama Yellowthroat","Bahama Yellowthroat","Bahama Yellowthroat",null,null,"pine forest and coppice of Grand Bahama and Abaco and satellite islands southward to Andros and Cat Island (northern and central Bahamas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721845","bahyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahyel1","avibase-B9A6C6E7",null,null,"Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas.","Additions to a List of Birds Seen at the Bahamas","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/77/mode/1up","Geothlypis rostratus"],["31960","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis rostrata exigua","Ridgway, 1902","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.2 p.677 [p.659, in key]",null,null,null,null,null,"Andros Island (west-central Bahamas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D7D0FA6E",null,null,"Andros Island, Bahamas","Birds of North and Middle America","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32361#page/703/mode/1up","Geothlypis incompta exigua"],["31961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis rostrata tanneri","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Bahama and Little and Great Abaco, including Moranie and Elbow cays (northern Bahamas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F304D00F",null,null,"Abaco Island, Bahamas.","Description of four new species of birds from the Bahama Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/11/","Geothlypis tanneri"],["31962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis rostrata rostrata","Bryant, 1867","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"New Providence Island (west-central Bahamas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DACACD09",null,null,"Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas.","Additions to a List of Birds Seen at the Bahamas","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33728#page/77/mode/1up","Geothlypis rostratus"],["31963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis rostrata coryi","Ridgway, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Bahamas (Eleuthera and Cat Island)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DAC78AC",null,null,"Eleuthera Island, Bahamas.","Description of four new species of birds from the Bahama Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/11/","Geothlypis coryi"],["31964","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.293","Common Yellowthroat","Common Yellowthroat","Common Yellowthroat",null,null,"breeds in wetland and prairie thickets from far southern Alaska to eastern Canada and southward across most of the USA to northern Baja California and south-central Mexico; resident in southern USA; winters in southeastern Texas through Mexico, including southern Baja California, southward to central Panama, and in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721836","comyel","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comyel","avibase-BA4C8A02",null,null,"northern America ; restricted to Maryland by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 296.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/297/mode/1up","Turdus Trichas"],["31965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas trichas","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada and east-central USA; winters to West Indies and northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0741726",null,null,"northern America ; restricted to Maryland by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 296.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/297/mode/1up","Turdus Trichas"],["31966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas typhicola","Burleigh, 1934","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern USA; winters to southeastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6BB1B597",null,null,"Athens, Georgia.","Description of a new subspecies of Yellow-throat Geothypis trichas, from Georgia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107539#page/41/mode/1up","Geothlypis trichas typhicola"],["31967","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas ignota","Chapman, 1890","The Auk 7, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern South Carolina to southern Florida, southern Mississippi, and southeastern Louisiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7417AE16",null,null,"Tarpon Springs, Florida.","On the eastern forms of Geothlypis trichas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol7/iss1/2/","Geothlypis trichas ignota"],["31968","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas insperata","Van Tyne, 1933","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.255 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (Rio Grande Valley below Brownsville)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1D7A356",null,null,"Rio Grande Delta below Brownsville, Texas.","Some Birds from the Rio Grande delta of Texas.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56694","Geothlypis trichas insperata"],["31969","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas campicola","Behle & Aldrich, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds western Canada and southeastern Alaska to northwestern USA; winters to northern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2FBF07E",null,null,"Yellowstone River, five miles west Forsyth, 2,750 ft.. Rosebud County, Montana.","Description of a new Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) from the northern Rocky Mountain-Great Plains region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/79/mode/1up","Geothlypis trichas campicola"],["31970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas arizela","Oberholser, 1899","The Auk 16, no.3 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds far southeastern Alaska to south-central California; winters to southern Baja California and northern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-036B7E96",null,null,"Fort Steilacoom, Washington.","Description of a new Geothlypis.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss3/9/","Geothlypis trichas arizela"],["31971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas occidentalis","Brewster, 1883","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 8 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Oregon to New Mexico and northwestern Texas; winters to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C9ACB0A",null,null,"Truckee River, Nevada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105796#page/179/mode/1up","Geothlypis trichas occidentalis"],["31972","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas sinuosa","Grinnell, 1901","The Condor 3, no.3 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"saltwater marshes from San Francisco to San Diego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA020C44",null,null,"Palo Alto, California.","The Pacific Coast Yellowthroats","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol3/iss3/2/","Geothlypis trichas sinuosa"],["31973","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas scirpicola","Grinnell, 1901","The Condor 3, no.3 p.65",null,null,null,null,null,"southern California to Nevada, southwestern Utah, northern Baja California, and far northwestern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83079846",null,null,"El Monte, Los Angeles County, California.","The Pacific Coast Yellowthroats","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol3/iss3/2/","Geothlypis trichas scirpicola"],["31974","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas chryseola","Van Rossem, 1930","The Condor 32, no.6 p.298",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern to south-central USA and west-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D80372E5",null,null,"Saric, north-central Sonora, Mexico.","Critical notes on some Yellowthroats of the Pacific Southwest.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol32/iss6/5/","Geothlypis trichas chryseola"],["31975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas melanops","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.222, 219 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexico (Zacatecas and northern Jalisco to Oaxaca and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10E7CECF",null,null,"Mexico; probably Jalapa, Veracruz, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 544.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/234/mode/1up","Geothlypis melanops"],["31976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas modesta","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.269",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CCE79F05",null,null,"San Blas, Territory of Tepic [= Nayarit] , Mexico.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Geothlypis trichas modestus"],["31977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis trichas chapalensis","Nelson, 1903","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 16 p.156",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (Lake Chapala region of Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AE78689F",null,null,"Ocotlan, Jalisco, Mexico.","Descriptions of new birds from Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19609#page/174/mode/1up","Geothlypis chapalensis"],["31978","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis flavovelata","Ridgway, 1896","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18, no.1045 p.119","Altamira Yellowthroat","Altamira Yellowthroat","Altamira Yellowthroat",null,null,"coastal northeastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas, eastern San Luis Potosí, and northern Veracruz)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721842","altyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/altyel1","avibase-AF830626",null,null,"Alta Mira, near Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32799#page/151/mode/1up","Geothlypis flavovelatus"],["31979","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis beldingi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.285 p.344","Belding's Yellowthroat","Belding's Yellowthroat","Belding's Yellowthroat",null,null,"marshes of central to southern Baja California",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721839","belyel1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/belyel1","avibase-4ADFCCAB",null,null,"San Jose del Cabo, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/374/mode/1up","Geothlypis beldingi"],["31980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis beldingi goldmani","Oberholser, 1917","The Condor 19, no.6 p.183",null,null,null,null,null,"marshes of central Baja California (latitude 28°N to 26°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67F55E4A",null,null,"San Ignacio, Baja California.","A new subspecies of Geothlypis beldingi.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol19/iss6/2/","Geothlypis beldingi goldmani"],["31981","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Geothlypis beldingi beldingi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.285 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"marshes of Cape district of southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C98A048",null,null,"San Jose del Cabo, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/374/mode/1up","Geothlypis beldingi"],["31982","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Catharopeza","Sclater, 1880","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.40,73,74",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leucopeza bishopi [Lawrence, 1878]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/64/mode/1up","Catharopeza"],["31983","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Catharopeza bishopi","(Lawrence, 1878)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1(1877) no.5&6 p.151","Whistling Warbler","Whistling Warbler","Whistling Warbler",null,null,"montane forest of St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721755","whiwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whiwar1","avibase-95AC2035",null,null,"St. Vincent.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/194/mode/1up","Leucopeza bishopi"],["31984","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla ruticilla [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, 11 (1827), p. 360).   ",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Setophaga"],["31985","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga plumbea","(Lawrence, 1877)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 no.1&2 p.47","Plumbeous Warbler","Plumbeous Warbler","Plumbeous Warbler",null,null,"Guadeloupe (including Terre-de-Haut and Marie-Galante) and Dominica (central Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721743","pluwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pluwar1","avibase-F630DE1F",null,null,"Dominica [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/79/mode/1up","Dendroeca plumbea"],["31986","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pharetra","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.163","Arrowhead Warbler","Arrowhead Warbler","Arrowhead Warbler",null,null,"montane forest and wooded hills of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721746","arrwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/arrwar1","avibase-1C941B1C",null,null,"Bluefields Peak, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/181/mode/1up","Sylvicola pharetra"],["31987","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga angelae","(Kepler & Parkes, 1972)","The Auk 89, no.1 p.3","Elfin Woods Warbler","Elfin-woods Warbler","Elfin Woods Warbler",null,null,"montane elfin forest of west-central and northeastern Puerto Rico",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721749","elwwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/elwwar1","avibase-369BAA3C",null,null,"On the ridge between the Río Sabana and Río Espiritu Santo valleys, approx. 2.5 km west of Highway 191 on the El Toro trail, Sierra de Luquillo, Puerto Rico (elev. 780 m)","A new species of warbler (Parulidae) from Puerto Rico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol89/iss1/1/","Dendroica angelae"],["31988","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga kirtlandii","(Baird, 1852)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5 p.217 pl.6","Kirtland's Warbler","Kirtland's Warbler","Kirtland's Warbler",null,null,"breeds in young jack-pine mainly in northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan; winters in low scrub mainly in outer Bahamas",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721722","kirwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/kirwar","avibase-B9A2B7CC",null,null,"near Cleveland, Ohio.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55134#page/243/mode/1up","Sylvicola kirtlandii"],["31989","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga ruticilla","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186","American Redstart","American Redstart","American Redstart",null,null,"breeds Alaska to southern USA; winters southern USA to northern South America and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721762","amered","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amered","avibase-BED38F50",null,null,"America ; restricted to Virginia by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 326",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/205/mode/1up","Motacilla ruticilla"],["31990","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga citrina","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.41","Hooded Warbler","Hooded Warbler","Hooded Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern USA; winters Mexico to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721876","hoowar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hoowar","avibase-15EB3000",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/63/mode/1up","Muscicapa citrina"],["31991","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga caerulescens","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.960","Black-throated Blue Warbler","Black-throated Blue Warbler","Black-throated Blue Warbler",null,null,"breeds deciduous and coniferous forest from Ontario eastward to Newfoundland (southeastern Canada) and from Minnesota eastward to Maine (northeastern USA), and in the Appalachian Mountains southward to northern Georgia; winters mainly in the Greater Antilles, and also Bermuda and the Caribbean coast of Mexico in the Yucatan Peninsula to northern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721673","btbwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btbwar","avibase-67B455A7",null,null,"Santo Domingo (insula S. Dominici)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/461/mode/1up","Motacilla caerulescens"],["31992","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga caerulescens caerulescens","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.960",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Canada from Saskatchewan (irregular) and southern Ontario eastward to Nova Scotia and in northeastern USA from Minnesota eastward to New England; migrates to Caribbean (mainly Bahamas and Greater Antilles), small numbers to eastern Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64121F47",null,null,"Santo Domingo (insula S. Dominici)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/461/mode/1up","Motacilla caerulescens"],["31993","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga caerulescens cairnsi","(Coues, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern USA in Appalachians from southwestern Pennsylvania southward to northern Georgia; migrates to Caribbean, some to eastern Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5EA0391",null,null,"mountains of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee; type from Craggy Mountain, Buncombe County, North Carolina, fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 358.","Characters of Dendroica caerulescens cairnsi.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/33/","Dendroica caerulescens cairnsi"],["31994","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga americana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.190","Northern Parula","Northern Parula","Northern Parula",null,null,"breeds eastern North America (southern Canada to southern USA); winters to Nicaragua and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721639","norpar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norpar","avibase-41062654",null,null,"northern America; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-List North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 284.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/210/mode/1up","Parus americanus"],["31995","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.276","Tropical Parula","Tropical Parula",null,"2025-0527","Taxon <em>graysoni</em> is retained within <em>Setophaga pitiayumi</em>, as the evidentiary basis for a split based on vocal differences (Jehl &amp; Parkes 1982) is weak and plumage differences are neotenous. Although Evans et al. (2015) identified <em>graysoni</em> as separable from nominate <em>pitiayumi</em> based largely on analysis of short mitochondrial DNA segments, its position as paraphyletic (Lovette &amp; Bermingham 2001) with respect to the two parulas (<em>Setophaga pitiayumi</em> and <em>S. americana</em>) remains uncertain. Recognizing graysoni as a species is premature without more comprehensive data on genetic and vocal variation among these warblers.","dry to humid forest and scrub of the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico slopes from Sonora and far southern Texas southward in Mexico (except the Yucatan Peninsula), including islands off western Mexico (Tres Marias and Revillagigedo) and southern Panama (Coiba), through South America in lowlands of northern Colombia and Venezuela eastward to Trinidad, the Guianas, and far northeastern Brazil (Amapá) and the tepui region, west of Andes southward to northwestern Peru (Cajamarca), eastern slope of the Andes from Venezuela southward to northern Bolivia, and eastward through interior Brazil (except Amazonian lowlands), and from eastern Bolivia to southern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,"tropar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tropar","avibase-4926BC8C",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/292/mode/1up","Sylvia pitiayumi"],["31996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi nigrilora","(Coues, 1878)","Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4, no.1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (lower Rio Grande Valley) to eastern Coahuila and northern Veracruz",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A586C309",null,null,"Hidalgo, Texas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98470#page/29/mode/1up","Parula nigrilora"],["31997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi pulchra","(Brewster, 1889)","The Auk 6, no.2 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B4C71A5",null,null,"Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua = Sonora] .","Descriptions of supposed new birds from western North America and Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss2/1/","Compsothlypis pulchra"],["31998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi insularis","(Lawrence, 1871)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10[\"1874\"] p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico) and adjacent Nayarit",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1259FBDC",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands, Mexico.","Descriptions of new species from Mexico, Central America and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/24/mode/1up","Parula insularis"],["31999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi graysoni","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.492",null,null,null,null,null,"Socorro (Revillagigedo Islands off southern Baja California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1529CCF1",null,null,"Socorro Island, northwestern Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/514/mode/1up","Compsothlypis graysoni"],["32000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi inornata","(Baird, 1864)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.171",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (northward to southern Veracruz and northern Chiapas) southward to northwestern Colombia (Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EB84720",null,null,"Choctum, Verapaz, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/183/mode/1up","Parula inornata"],["32001","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi cirrha","(Wetmore, 1957)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD17F89D",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/318/mode/1up","Parula pitiayumi cirrha"],["32002","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi pacifica","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3, no.?? p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia southward to northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFCF476A",null,null,"Surupata, 3,700 ft., ... and Cayandeled . . . , Ecuador ; type from Surupata, 3,700 ft., Río Limon, Ecuador, fide Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 162.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/366/mode/1up","Parula pitiayumi pacifica"],["32003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi alarum","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Ecuador and northern Peru east of the Andes (southward to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-315D58DA",null,null,"Chaupe, 6,100 ft., east of Huancabamba, northern Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Compsothlypis pitiayumi alarum"],["32004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pitiayumi pitiayumi","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago southward to central Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, northern Argentina, and Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E942D7F1",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/292/mode/1up","Sylvia pitiayumi"],["32005","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga magnolia","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.63 pl.23 fig.2","Magnolia Warbler","Magnolia Warbler","Magnolia Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters to Panama and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721667","magwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magwar","avibase-1E82CE1E",null,null,"the Little Miami, near its junction with the Ohio . . . [and] not far from Fort Adams on the Mississippi . . . not many miles from Philadelphia; restricted to Fort Adams, Mississippi, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 286",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/77/mode/1up","Sylvia magnolia"],["32006","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga cerulea","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.141 pl.17 fig.5","Cerulean Warbler","Cerulean Warbler","Cerulean Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters mountains of Colombia to Venezuela and southward in Andes to western Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721740","cerwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cerwar","avibase-D00EC2C9",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 289.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/161/mode/1up","Sylvia cerulea"],["32007","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.996","American Yellow Warbler","Northern Yellow Warbler",null,"2025-0530","The temperate-breeding <em>aestiva </em>group (polytypic) is split from <em>Setophaga petechia</em> (polytypic) based on consistent mitochondrial DNA evidence (Klein &amp; Brown 1994; Lovette &amp; Bermingham 1999; Boulet &amp; Gibbs 2006; Chaves et al. 2012), supported by differences in plumage, vocalizations, and ecology. However, geographic variation within the <em>aestiva-petechia</em> complex is extensive and detailed studies of genetics and vocalizations across the entire range of both species would be informative.","deciduous thickets, young second-growth, and riparian scrub from Alaska and northwestern Canada eastward to eastern Canada and southward to southwestern US and adjacent northwestern Mexico, east-central US, and along the Sierra Nevada southward to south-central Mexico; winters in a variety of habitats in far southwestern US, southern Baja California, most of Central America, and northwestern South America, to northeastern Peru and northern Brazil",null,null,null,"yelwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelwar1","avibase-B64C749B",null,null,"Guiana, summers in Canada ; restricted to City of Quebec, Canada, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1957, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 5, p. 487.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/497/mode/1up","Motacilla aestiva"],["32008","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva rubiginosa","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.496",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northern Alaska southward through British Columbia (including Vancouver Island); winters to southern Baja California and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7AEEEA12",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/528/mode/1up","Motacilla rubiginosa"],["32009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva banksi","(Browning, 1994)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central Alaska and northwestern Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26E8D685",null,null,"Old Crow Village, Yukon Territory, Canada; collected 7 June 1957 by L. Irving and L. Peyton","A taxonomic review of Dendroica petechia (Yellow Warbler) (Aves: Parulinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110034#page/51/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia banksi"],["32010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva parkesi","(Browning, 1994)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and northern Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9009CD5",null,null,"Richards Island, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada, collected 4 June 1942 by Arthur C. Twomey","A taxonomic review of Dendroica petechia (Yellow Warbler) (Aves: Parulinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110034#page/53/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia parkesi"],["32011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva amnicola","(Batchelder, 1918)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska, Canada, and Newfoundland; winters to northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D4648E0D",null,null,"Curslet, Newfoundland.","Two undescribed Newfoundland birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/92/mode/1up","Dendroica aestiva amnicola"],["32012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva aestiva","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.996",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds east of Rockies in southern Canada (southern Alberta eastward to Nova Scotia) and southward in USA to Oklahoma and North Carolina; winters to South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6FFB784",null,null,"Guiana, summers in Canada ; restricted to City of Quebec, Canada, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1957, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 5, p. 487.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/497/mode/1up","Motacilla aestiva"],["32013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva morcomi","(Coale, 1887)","Bulletin of the Ridgway Ornithological Club no.2 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern British Columbia, western USA, and northern Baja California; winters to northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EF938EA",null,null,"Fort Bridger, Utah [= Wyoming] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121949#page/138/mode/1up","Dendroica aestiva morcomi"],["32014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva brewsteri","(Grinnell, 1903)","The Condor 5, no.3 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal western USA and northwestern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBCC018C",null,null,"Palo Alto, California.","The California Yellow Warbler.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol5/iss3/6/","Dendroica aestiva brewsteri"],["32015","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva sonorana","(Brewster, 1888)","The Auk 5, no.2 p.137",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Mexico (far northeastern Baja California southward through interior to Nayarit and Zacatecas); winters to western Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45A1A73D",null,null,"Oposura, Sonora, Mexico.","On three apparently new subspecies of Mexican birds.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss2/2/","Dendroica aestiva sonorana"],["32016","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga aestiva dugesi","(Coale, 1887)","Bulletin of the Ridgway Ornithological Club no.2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"central plateau of Mexico from San Luis Potosí southward to northern Guerrero and Puebla",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D3C2E91C",null,null,"Moro Leon [= Moroleon] , Guanajuato, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121949#page/139/mode/1up","Dendroica dugesi"],["32017","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334","Mangrove Warbler","Mangrove Yellow Warbler",null,"2025-0530","The temperate-breeding <em>aestiva </em>group (polytypic) is split from <em>Setophaga petechia</em> (polytypic) based on consistent mitochondrial DNA evidence (Klein &amp; Brown 1994; Lovette &amp; Bermingham 1999; Boulet &amp; Gibbs 2006; Chaves et al. 2012), supported by differences in plumage, vocalizations, and ecology. However, geographic variation within the <em>aestiva-petechia</em> complex is extensive and detailed studies of genetics and vocalizations across the entire range of both species would be informative.","mangroves and adjacent thickets and shrubs from far southern US (southern Texas and southern Florida) and from northwestern Mexico and Baja California southward through the Greater and Lesser Antilles and along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Central America, including islands off Panama, to northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, islands off Venezuela, and southward along the Pacific coast from northwestern Colombia to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru, the Galapagos Islands, and Cocos Island",null,null,null,"manwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manwar1","avibase-6C439FF4",null,null,"northern America; restricted to Barbados by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 376.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla petechia"],["32018","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia oraria","(Parkes & Dickerman, 1967)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 39 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas to western Tabasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BCD3FF4B",null,null,"two miles south of Buena Vista [- about nine miles north of Tlacotalpan] , Veracruz, Mexico.","A new subspecies of Mangrove warbler (Dendroica petechia) from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/238412#page/91/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia oraria"],["32019","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia bryanti","(Ridgway, 1873)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7 p.606",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast from southeast Mexico (Campeche) southward to southern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-495F3A44",null,null,"Mexico, from Honduras . . . and Yucatan ... to Mazatlán ; restricted to Belize, British Honduras, by Parkes and Dickerman, 1967, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 39, p. 87.","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/623/mode/1up","Dendroica vieillotii bryanti"],["32020","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia erithachorides","(Baird, 1858)","Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. IX 9 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of Costa Rica to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4341C136",null,null,"South America ; types from Cartagena, Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 382.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43078#page/347/mode/1up","Dendroica erihtachorides"],["32021","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia chrysendeta","(Wetmore, 1946)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula) and adjacent northwestern Venezuela (Zulia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C13AE84C",null,null,"Laguna de Tucacas, Puerto Lopez, Guajira, Colombia.","New forms of birds from Panama and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123310#page/68/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia chrysendeta"],["32022","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia paraguanae","(Phelps & Gilliard, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Venezuela (Paraguaná Peninsula of Falcón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B1FF924",null,null,"La Boca, Adicora, Paraguaná Peninsula, Falcón, Venezuela.","Seventeen new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Dendroica petechia paraguanae"],["32023","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia cienagae","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1944)","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela (coastal Carabobo and Aragua) and islands off Falcón, in northwest Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F3F56D7",null,null,"La Ciénaga, sea level, between Ocumare de la Costa and Turiamo, Aragua, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Dendroica petechia cienagae"],["32024","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia castaneiceps","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.522 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of coastal southern Baja California (south of latitude 27°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-915C8072",null,null,"La Paz, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/364/mode/1up","Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps"],["32025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia rhizophorae","(Van Rossem, 1935)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"mangroves of northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Nayarit); winters to Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5BF0219C",null,null,"Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico.","The Mangrove Warbler of north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28517#page/85/mode/1up","Dendroica erithachorides rhizophorae"],["32026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia phillipsi","(Browning, 1994)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EB906FE",null,null,"La Pinita de Jaltemba, El Islote, south-western Nayarit, Mexico, 16 April 1955, collected by A. R. Phillips","A taxonomic review of Dendroica petechia (Yellow Warbler) (Aves: Parulinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110034#page/67/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia phillipsi"],["32027","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia xanthotera","(Todd, 1924)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.123",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of western Guatemala to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5DE485A3",null,null,"Puntarenas, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of eight new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/163/mode/1up","Dendroica bryanti xanthotera"],["32028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia aithocorys","(Olson, 1980)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Panama and Coiba Island",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-824903F1",null,null,"5 miles east of La Honda, near Los Santos, Los Santos Province, Panama; collected 15 March 1948 by Alexander Wetmore and W. B. Perrygo","Geographic variation in the Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia: Parulidae) of the Pacific coast of Middle and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107509#page/500/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia aithocorys"],["32029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia iguanae","(Olson, 1980)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 p.475",null,null,null,null,null,"Iguana Island (off southern Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FCE7ABB",null,null,"Isla Iguana, Los Santos Province, Panama. Collected 27 February 1957 by Alexander Wetmore","Geographic variation in the Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia: Parulidae) of the Pacific coast of Middle and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107509#page/501/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia iguanae"],["32030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia aequatorialis","(Sundevall, 1869)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 26, no.6 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands and adjacent mainland Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-923CA871",null,null,"Guayaquil; corrected to Panama City by Peters, 1931, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 334.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100848#page/637/mode/1up","Dendroeca petechia aequatorialis"],["32031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia jubaris","(Olson, 1980)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 p.478",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Panama to west-central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FE5BA31",null,null,"Nuqui, Dept. Chocó, Colombia (5°40'N). Collected 22 January 1951 by M. A. Carriker. Jr.","Geographic variation in the Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia: Parulidae) of the Pacific coast of Middle and South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107509#page/504/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia jubaris"],["32032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia peruviana","(Sundevall, 1869)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 26, no.6 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Valle del Cauca at least) southward to western Ecuador and northern Peru (Tumbes); perhaps also western Darién, southwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6960837C",null,null,"Callao, Peru, / and Guayaquil, Ecuador; type from Callao [?], fide Gyldenstolpe, 1926, Arkiv Zool., 19A(1), p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100848#page/637/mode/1up","Dendroeca petechia peruviana"],["32033","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia aureola","(Gould, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt9 pl.28 pt11 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"Cocos Island (off Costa Rica) and Galapagos",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BB62F58",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/206/mode/1up","Sylvicola aureola"],["32034","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia ruficapilla","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.971",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67CA14CD",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/472/mode/1up","Motacilla ruficapilla"],["32035","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia rufivertex","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4705A723",null,null,"Cozumel Island, Yucatan [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23921#page/69/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia rufivertex"],["32036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia armouri","(Greenway, 1933)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.63 bis [=p.69]",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Providencia (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F7DA356B",null,null,"Old Providence Island [Isla de Providencia, Colombia]","A name for the Golden Warbler of Old Providence Island.",null,"Dendroica petechia armouri"],["32037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia flavida","(Cory, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.3 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla San Andrés (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1E481270",null,null,"St. Andrew's Island. [San Andrés Island, Colombia]","Descriptions of six supposed new species of birds from the Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/1/","Dendroica flavida"],["32038","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia eoa","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica and Cayman Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78836F3A",null,null,"Crabpond, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/176/mode/1up","Sylvicola eoa"],["32039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia gundlachi","(Baird, 1865)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.197, 194 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"lower Florida Keys, Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, and Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC7511E1",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/209/mode/1up","Dendroica gundlachi"],["32040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia flaviceps","(Chapman, 1892)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4, no.1, art.16 p.310",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A1B26EF",null,null,"Rum Cay, Bahamas.","Notes on birds and mammals observed near Trinidad, Cuba ; with remarks on the origin of West Indian bird-life","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/846","Dendroica petechia flaviceps"],["32041","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia albicollis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.983",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola, including Gonâve and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-40D1153D",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/484/mode/1up","Motacilla albicollis"],["32042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia chlora","(Browning, 1994)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"Seven Brothers Keys (off northern Hispaniola)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CEAD1D6F",null,null,"Tororu Island, Siete Hermanos islands, Domican Republic, collected 31 January 1929 by A. J. Poole and W. M. Perrygo","A taxonomic review of Dendroica petechia (Yellow Warbler) (Aves: Parulinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110034#page/61/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia chlora"],["32043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia solaris","(Wetmore, 1929)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 81, no.13 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Gonâve Island (off western Hispaniola)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FF80C86",null,null,"Z'Etroits, Gonave Island, Haiti.","Descriptions of four new forms of Birds from Hispaniola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35823#page/609/mode/1up","Dendroica petechia solaris"],["32044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia bartholemica","(Sundevall, 1869)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 26, no.6 p.607",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and the northern Lesser Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3BE4BB9",null,null,"St. Bartholomew.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100848#page/635/mode/1up","Dendroeca petechia bartholemica"],["32045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia melanoptera","(Lawrence, 1879)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.57 p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe (including satellite islands) and Dominica (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EEE602E",null,null,"Guadeloupe.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/477/mode/1up","Dendroeca petechia melanoptera"],["32046","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia babad","(Bond, 1927)","The Auk 44, no.4 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D4E7F39",null,null,"St. Lucia, British West Indies.","A new Golden Warbler from the Island of St. Lucia B.W.I..","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol44/iss4/50/","Dendroica petechia babad"],["32047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia petechia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"Barbados (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2446898",null,null,"northern America; restricted to Barbados by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 376.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla petechia"],["32048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia alsiosa","(Peters, 1926)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenadines (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FCB1C5D",null,null,"Prune Island, east of Union Island, Grenadines.","A new race of the Golden Warbler from the West Indies.",null,"Dendroica petechia alsiosa"],["32049","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia rufopileata","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"Leeward Antilles (Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire), and islas Blanquilla, Margarita, and Los Testigos, off northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-620AE186",null,null,"Island of Curaçao",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/189/mode/1up","Dendroica rufopileata"],["32050","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia obscura","(Cory, 1909)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.5 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Las Aves, Los Roques, and La Orchila, off northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47975EC1",null,null,"Isla Los Roques, Leeward Islands.","The birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20484#page/33/mode/1up","Dendroica ruficapilla obscura"],["32051","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga petechia aurifrons","(Phelps & Phelps, 1950)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 13 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui and western Sucre) and offshore islands (including Tortuga, Las Tortuguillas, and de Píritu)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39716E37",null,null,"Puerto de La Cruz, Anzoátegui, Venezuela.","Las aves de las Islas los Roques y las Aves y descripción de un nuevo canario de mangle","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/las-aves-de-las-islas-los-roques-y-las-aves-y-descripcion-de-un-nuevo-canario-de-mangle/","Dendroica petechia aurifrons"],["32052","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga fusca","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.175","Blackburnian Warbler","Blackburnian Warbler","Blackburnian Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters Costa Rica to Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721695","bkbwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbwar","avibase-4168AF09",null,null,"Guyane [= French Guiana, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 397].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/195/mode/1up","Motacilla fusca"],["32053","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pensylvanica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.333","Chestnut-sided Warbler","Chestnut-sided Warbler","Chestnut-sided Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters Guatemala to Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721664","chswar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chswar","avibase-7AB1229B",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-List North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 314.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/337/mode/1up","Motacilla pensylvanica"],["32054","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga striata","(Forster, 1772)","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 62 p.428","Blackpoll Warbler","Blackpoll Warbler","Blackpoll Warbler",null,null,"breeds Alaska and Canada; winters Colombia to Peru and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721737","bkpwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkpwar","avibase-544A5E6B",null,null,"Severn River [= Fort Severn, Ontario, west coast of Hudson Bay, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Checklist North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 315].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210072#page/450/mode/1up","Muscicapa striata"],["32055","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga castanea","(Wilson, 1810)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 2 p.97 pl.14 fig.4","Bay-breasted Warbler","Bay-breasted Warbler","Bay-breasted Warbler",null,null,"breeds Canada and northeastern USA; winters Panama and northwestern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721734","babwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babwar","avibase-10C601D3",null,null,"Pennsylvania.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175511#page/111/mode/1up","Sylvia castanea"],["32056","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga tigrina","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.985","Cape May Warbler","Cape May Warbler","Cape May Warbler",null,null,"breeds Canada and northeastern USA; winters mainly West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721670","camwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/camwar","avibase-DB20CB6B",null,null,"Canada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/486/mode/1up","Motacilla tigrina"],["32057","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga palmarum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.951","Palm Warbler","Palm Warbler","Palm Warbler",null,null,"breeds areas with scattered trees from the Northwestern Territories eastward to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia (Canada) and in the northeastern USA around the Great Lakes and northern Maine; winters mostly on the Atlantic coast from Maryland southward to southern Florida and along the Gulf Coast to southern Texas, in the Caribbean in the Greater Antilles, and on the Caribbean coast from Yucatan Peninsula to central Panama, and in Bermuda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721731","palwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palwar","avibase-4AAEF549",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/452/mode/1up","Motacilla palmarum"],["32058","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga palmarum palmarum","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.951",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds entral and eastern Canada to northern USA; winters to West Indies and Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFE4314B",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/452/mode/1up","Motacilla palmarum"],["32059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga palmarum hypochrysea","(Ridgway, 1876)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 1 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada and northeastern USA; winters to central Florida and northern Gulf Coast",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90B0892B",null,null,"Atlantic States; type from Cambridge, Massachusetts, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 412.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67006#page/101/mode/1up","Dendroeca palmarum hypochrysea"],["32060","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga coronata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.333","Yellow-rumped Warbler","Yellow-rumped Warbler",null,"2025-0531","<em>Setophaga coronata</em> is retained as a single species. Genome-wide surveys indicate the presence of three distinct groups within this complex (<em>coronata, auduboni</em> including <em>nigrifrons</em>, and <em>goldmani</em>) (Toews et al. 2016) but a decision to split is deferred pending further research into the <em>auduboni/coronata</em> contact zone.","breeds coniferous and humid forest from Alaska (USA) and northern Yukon (northwestern Canada) eastward to northeastern Canada, and southward through western and northeastern USA, and in mountains of western Mexico and Chiapas to central Guatemala; winters on the western and eastern coasts of USA and the interior (from Kansas and Ohio) southward across Mexico to central Panama, and in the Greater Antilles eastward to the Virgin Islands",null,null,null,"yerwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yerwar","avibase-BC5A9498",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 312.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/337/mode/1up","Motacilla coronata"],["32061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga coronata hooveri","(McGregor, 1899)","Bulletin of the Cooper Ornithological Club 1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds Alaska and northwestern Canada; winters to western USA and Central America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31767791",null,null,"Palo Alto, California.",null,null,"Dendroica coronata hooveri"],["32062","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga coronata coronata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.333",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds south-central and southeastern Canada to north-central and northeastern USA; winters to Central America and Caribbean",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3173C8AE",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 312.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/337/mode/1up","Motacilla coronata"],["32063","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga coronata auduboni","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern Canada and western USA; winters to western Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-631CB970",null,null,"forests of Columbia river [=near Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washington, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 535].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/229/mode/1up","Sylvia Auduboni"],["32064","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga coronata nigrifrons","(Brewster, 1889)","The Auk 6, no.2 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico (Chihuahua to Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-421797C8",null,null,"Pinos Altos, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Descriptions of supposed new birds from western North America and Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss2/1/","Dendroica nigrifrons"],["32065","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga coronata goldmani","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of southern Chiapas (Volcán Tacaná) and western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6478B6DC",null,null,"Hacienda Chancol, Huehuetenango, Sierra Chohumalanes, Guatemala.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Dendroica coronata goldmani"],["32066","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga flavescens","(Todd, 1909)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22 p.171","Bahama Warbler","Bahama Warbler","Bahama Warbler",null,null,"Grand Bahama, Little Abaco, and Great Abaco (northern Bahamas)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724802","yetwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetwar3","avibase-25333CB5",null,null,"Spencer's Point, Abaco, Bahamas,","A new Warbler from the Bahama Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22857#page/215/mode/1up","Dendroica flavescens"],["32067","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga dominica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334","Yellow-throated Warbler","Yellow-throated Warbler","Yellow-throated Warbler",null,null,"breeds woodland, semi-deciduous and pine forest, and forested swamps in eastern USA from southern Minnesota and Pennsylvania southward to the Gulf coast; winters from southernmost USA on the Gulf slope and on the Pacific slope of western Mexico (Nayarit) southward to central Panama, also Bermuda, and widely in the northern and western Caribbean",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724793","yetwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yetwar","avibase-136451CF",null,null,"Jamaica and Dominica ; restricted to Santo Domingo [= Hispaniola] , by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list Birds North Amer., ed. 3, p. 315.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla dominica"],["32068","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga dominica albilora","(Ridgway, 1873)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7 p.606",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds east-central and southeastern USA; winters to Costa Rica, Cuba, and Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C70EB219",null,null,"Belize, British Honduras.","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/623/mode/1up","Dendroica Dominica, var. albilora"],["32069","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga dominica dominica","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds New Jersey to central Florida; winters to Bahamas and Greater Antilles",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B6A8DDA",null,null,"Jamaica and Dominica ; restricted to Santo Domingo [= Hispaniola] , by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list Birds North Amer., ed. 3, p. 315.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/338/mode/1up","Motacilla dominica"],["32070","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga dominica stoddardi","(Sutton, 1951)","The Auk 68, no.1 p.28 pl.1",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Alabama and northwestern Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-672703F3",null,null,"near Freeport, Walton County, Florida.","A new race of the Yellow-thoated Warbler from northwestern Florida.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol68/iss1/4/","Dendroica dominica stoddardi"],["32071","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pityophila","(Gundlach, 1855)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 6 p.160","Olive-capped Warbler","Olive-capped Warbler","Olive-capped Warbler",null,null,"pine barrens of Grand Bahama and Abaco (northern Bahamas) and Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721716","olcwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olcwar1","avibase-45C2A0F6",null,null,"Cuba.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54334#page/174/mode/1up","Sylvicola pityophila"],["32072","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.187","Pine Warbler","Pine Warbler","Pine Warbler",null,null,"breeds in pine forest from south-central and eastern Canada southward to southeastern USA; resident locally in Florida, western Bahamas, and the highlands of Hispaniola; winters in southeastern USA to far northeastern Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721719","pinwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinwar","avibase-6283E61E",null,null,"pine woods of southern states; restricted to Georgia by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/191/mode/1up","Certhia pinus"],["32073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pinus pinus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern Canada to southeastern Texas and northern Florida; winters southeastern USA",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-063D5706",null,null,"pine woods of southern states; restricted to Georgia by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 291.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/191/mode/1up","Certhia pinus"],["32074","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pinus florida","(Maynard, 1906)","Directory to the birds of eastern North America pt.9 p.244",null,null,null,null,null,"peninsular Florida (Gainesville to Everglades National Park)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33356EFF",null,null,"Deep Creek and Enterprise, near Lake Ashby, Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49482#page/318/mode/1up","Pinacantor vigorsii florida"],["32075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pinus achrustera","(Bangs, 1900)","The Auk 17, no.3 p.292",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Bahama, Little and Great Abaco, Andros, and New Providence (northern and central Bahamas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5CC078E",null,null,"New Providence, Bahamas","Notes on a Collection of Bahama Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/10/","Dendroica achrustera"],["32076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga pinus chrysoleuca","(Griscom, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.71 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D033C86",null,null,"Mt. Tina, Santo Domingo.","Descriptions of apparently new birds from North America and the West Indies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4608/","Dendroica pinus chrysoleuca"],["32077","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga discolor","(Vieillot, 1809)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.37 pl.98","Prairie Warbler","Prairie Warbler","Prairie Warbler",null,null,"breeds in shrubland and open woodland in southern Ontario (southeastern Canada) and southern New England (northeastern USA) southward across eastern USA to northern Florida and westward to eastern Texas; winters from Florida southward to the Greater Antilles and Caribbean coast from eastern Yucatan Peninsula to Belize and northern Honduras, also in Bermuda",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721725","prawar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/prawar","avibase-E36325FA",null,null,"United States and Greater Antilles; type from 'the Antilles,' fide Stenhouse, 1930, Novit. Zool., 35, p. 271.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/139/mode/1up","Sylvia discolor"],["32078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga discolor discolor","(Vieillot, 1809)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.37 pl.98",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds central and east-central USA; winters Bahamas and West Indies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACAEBEC8",null,null,"United States and Greater Antilles; type from 'the Antilles,' fide Stenhouse, 1930, Novit. Zool., 35, p. 271.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/139/mode/1up","Sylvia discolor"],["32079","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga discolor paludicola","(Howell, 1930)","The Auk 47, no.1 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern South Carolina to southern Florida; winters to Greater Antilles and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2E78D579",null,null,"Anclote Key, Pasco County, Florida.","Description of a new subspecies of the Prairie Warbler, with remarks on two other unrecognized Florida races.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol47/iss1/7/","Dendroica discolor paludicola"],["32080","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga vitellina","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.4 p.497","Vitelline Warbler","Vitelline Warbler","Vitelline Warbler",null,null,"Cayman and Swan islands (north of Honduras)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721728","vitwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vitwar1","avibase-5574D3D5",null,null,"Grand Cayman Island.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Dendroica vitellina"],["32081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga vitellina crawfordi","(Nicoll, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 14 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Little Cayman and Cayman Brac",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-863B9772",null,null,"Little Cajmian Island.","On West-Indian birds, with description of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/583/mode/1up","Dendroeca crawfordi"],["32082","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga vitellina vitellina","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.4 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6CD81215",null,null,"Grand Cayman Island.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Dendroica vitellina"],["32083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga vitellina nelsoni","(Bangs, 1919)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62 no.11 p.494",null,null,null,null,null,"Swan Islands (north of Honduras)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08126996",null,null,"Swan Island, Caribbean.","The races of Dendroica vitellina Cory.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/622/mode/1up","Dendroica vitellina nelsoni"],["32084","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga subita","(Riley, 1904)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 47, vol.2, no.2 p.289","Barbuda Warbler","Barbuda Warbler","Barbuda Warbler",null,null,"Barbuda (Lesser Antilles)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729426","barwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barwar","avibase-9346A3C9",null,null,"Barbuda.","Catalogue of a collection of birds from Barbuda and Antigua, British West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35633#page/421/mode/1up","Dendroica subita"],["32085","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga adelaidae","(Baird, 1865)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.212","Adelaide's Warbler","Adelaide's Warbler","Adelaide's Warbler",null,null,"Puerto Rico including Isla de Vieques (just east of Puerto Rico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721711","adewar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/adewar1","avibase-43F4D735",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/224/mode/1up","Dendroica adelaidae"],["32086","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga delicata","(Ridgway, 1883)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5, no.311 p.525","St. Lucia Warbler","St. Lucia Warbler","Saint Lucia Warbler",null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729431","stlwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/stlwar","avibase-180A3B77",null,null,"St. Lucia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31825#page/569/mode/1up","Dendroeca adelaidae delicata"],["32087","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga nigrescens","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.191","Black-throated Grey Warbler","Black-throated Gray Warbler","Black-throated Grey Warbler",null,null,"breeds in open coniferous and deciduous forest in western North America from southern British Columbia (western Canada) southward to northern Baja California Norte (northwestern Mexico), and inland to Wyoming and Colorado (central USA) southward to Sonora (northwestern Mexico); winters in Mexico from southern Baja California Sur and on the Pacific slope and interior of Mexico from southern Sonora and Coahuila southward to Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721679","btywar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btywar","avibase-6B7A93C5",null,null,"no locality; cotypes from vicinity of Fort William, near Portland, Oregon, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 536.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/229/mode/1up","Sylvia nigrescens"],["32088","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga nigrescens nigrescens","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern British Columbia and western USA; winters southern California to northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-069CE38C",null,null,"no locality; cotypes from vicinity of Fort William, near Portland, Oregon, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 536.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/229/mode/1up","Sylvia nigrescens"],["32089","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga nigrescens halseii","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[7], pl.3, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Baja California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and northern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56D1B704",null,null,"'Texas'; amended to central Mexico, by Oberholser, 1934, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 102.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/25/mode/1up","Sylvia halseii"],["32090","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga graciae","(Baird, 1865)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.210","Grace's Warbler","Grace's Warbler","Grace's Warbler",null,null,"breeds in pine forest from lowlands to mountains, in southwestern USA from southern Utah and southern Colorado southward through mountains of western Mexico to northern Nicaragua; also disjunctly Belize and northeastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua; northern populations withdraw in winter",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721708","grawar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grawar","avibase-946DCF53",null,null,"Fort Whipple, near Prescott, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/222/mode/1up","Dendroica graciae"],["32091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga graciae graciae","(Baird, 1865)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of southwestern USA to northern Mexico (northern Sinaloa); winters to Michoacán",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8889959A",null,null,"Fort Whipple, near Prescott, Arizona.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/222/mode/1up","Dendroica graciae"],["32092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga graciae yaegeri","(Phillips & Webster, 1961)","The Auk 78, no.4 p.551",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western Mexico (southern Sinaloa to Nayarit, western Zacatecas, and western Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2146C933",null,null,"Cerro San Juan, six km. west of village of Jalisco, Nayarit, Mexico.","Grace's Warbler in Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol78/iss4/6/","Dendroica graciae yaegeri"],["32093","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga graciae remota","(Griscom, 1935)","Ibis ser.13, vol.5, no.3 p.548",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Michoacán and Guerrero) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2E48E62",null,null,"Volcán Viejo, Chinandega, Nicaragua.","Critical notes on Central American Birds in the British Museum.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1935.tb02147.x","Dendroica graciae remota"],["32094","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga graciae decora","(Ridgway, 1873)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7 p.608",null,null,null,null,null,"pine ridges of coastal Belize, eastern Honduras, and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91FA3E9C",null,null,"Belize, British Honduras.","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/625/mode/1up","Dendroica graciae decora"],["32095","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga occidentalis","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.190","Hermit Warbler","Hermit Warbler","Hermit Warbler",null,null,"breeds mountains of western USA; winters to Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721686","herwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/herwar","avibase-0EB07C12",null,null,"forests of Columbia River [= Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washington, fi.de Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 395].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/228/mode/1up","Sylvia occidentalis"],["32096","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga townsendi","(Townsend, 1837)","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, pt.2 p.191","Townsend's Warbler","Townsend's Warbler","Townsend's Warbler",null,null,"breeds coniferous forest of western North America; winters to Costa Rica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721683","towwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/towwar","avibase-F6C6C3F7",null,null,"shady forests of Columbia River [- Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washington, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 536].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79407#page/229/mode/1up","Sylvia townsendi"],["32097","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga chrysoparia","(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.298","Golden-cheeked Warbler","Golden-cheeked Warbler","Golden-cheeked Warbler",null,null,"breeds central Texas (Edward Plateau); winters to Nicaragua",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721692","gchwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gchwar","avibase-8A35BFD6",null,null,"Verapaz, Guatemala.","Characters of Eleven New Species of Birds discovered by Osbert Salvin in Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/380/mode/1up","Dendroeca chrysoparia"],["32098","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga virens","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.985","Black-throated Green Warbler","Black-throated Green Warbler","Black-throated Green Warbler",null,null,"breeds central Canada to southeastern Canada and north-central to northeastern USA; winters mainly northern Mexico to Costa Rica and West Indies",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721689","btnwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btnwar","avibase-9FFEDE99",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Checklist North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 317.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/486/mode/1up","Motacilla virens"],["32099","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga virens virens","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.985",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds from northeastern British Columbia eastward across Canada to southern Newfoundland, in south from northern Minnesota to southern Nova Scotia, and southward through Appalachians to northern Georgia; non-breeding from northern Mexico and Greater Antilles through northern South America",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA7FF9E5",null,null,"Pennsylvania ; restricted to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Checklist North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 317.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/486/mode/1up","Motacilla virens"],["32100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Setophaga virens waynei","(Bangs, 1918)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds in southeastern Virginia and the coastal plain of North and South Carolina, southeastern USA; wintering range uncertain",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93AFA26C",null,null,"near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.","A new race of the Black-throated Green Wood Warbler.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/104/mode/1up","Dendroica virens waynei"],["32101","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Trichas nigrocristatus [Lafresnaye, 1840]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/33/mode/1up","Myiothlypis"],["32102","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis griseiceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.1 p.170","Grey-headed Warbler","Gray-headed Warbler","Grey-headed Warbler","2025-0535","In the absence of genetic data to affirm relationships, taxon <em>griseiceps </em>was tentatively placed in the genus <em>Myiothlypis </em>following Lovette et al. (2010); this placement was supported by Zhao et al. (2025) based on mitogenomic data.\n\n","cloudforest of coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721978","gyhwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhwar1","avibase-2B235A4C",null,null,"woods of Caripe, [Monagas,] Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/218/mode/1up","Basileuterus griseiceps"],["32103","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis bivittata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.51","Two-banded Warbler","Two-banded Warbler",null,"2025-0532","Taxon <em>roraimae </em>is retained within <em>Myiothlypis bivittata</em>. These taxa are highly divergent based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA (Lovette et al. 2010) and have very different songs (Boesman 2016o) but a split is deferred pending publication of current research.","humid forest in the tepuis of central and southern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and far northern Brazil, and cloudforest and semi-humid forest in the eastern Andes of southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios and Puno), Bolivia, and southward to Tucumán (northwestern Argentina)",null,null,null,"twbwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/twbwar1","avibase-57507009",null,null,"Yungas, Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/167/mode/1up","Muscicapa bivittata"],["32104","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis bivittata bivittata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.51",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DA95F543",null,null,"Yungas, Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/167/mode/1up","Muscicapa bivittata"],["32105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis bivittata argentinae","(Zimmer, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (southwestern Santa Cruz) to northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D0B1C9E",null,null,"Ledesma, 520 m., Jujuy, Argentina.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus bivittatus argentinae"],["32106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis bivittata roraimae","(Sharpe, 1885)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.392",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela to Guyana and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2548732",null,null,"Roraima and Merume Mountains, British Guiana ; type from Mt. Roraima, Bolívar, Venezuela, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 488.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/410/mode/1up","Basileuterus roraimae"],["32107","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis chrysogaster","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.276","Cuzco Warbler","Cuzco Warbler","Cuzco Warbler","2025-0533","Taxon <em>chlorophrys </em>is split from <em>Myiothlypis chrysogaster</em> based on obvious differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016p).","east slope of Andes of central and southern Peru (Huánuco and far southwestern Loreto southward to Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103799796","gobwar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobwar3","avibase-661FFC6F",null,null,"Peru; restricted, erroneously, to San Pedro plantation, near Lurin, by Tschudi, 1846, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 192; corrected to Chanchamayo Valley, Junín, by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 489.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/284/mode/1up","Setophaga chrysogaster"],["32108","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis chlorophrys","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.347","Choco Warbler","Choco Warbler","Choco Warbler","2025-0533","Taxon <em>chlorophrys </em>is split from <em>Myiothlypis chrysogaster</em> based on obvious differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016p).","tropical southwestern Colombia (Cauca and Nariño) to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103800433","gobwar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobwar4","avibase-3A4B5A93",null,null,"'Quito,' Ecuador ; amended to Lita, Imbabura by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 53, and further amended to region above Santo Domingo de los Coronados [= Colorados] , Ecuador, by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 490.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/375/mode/1up","Basileuterus bivittatus chlorophrys"],["32109","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis conspicillata","(Salvin & Godman, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.117","White-lored Warbler","White-lored Warbler","White-lored Warbler",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721989","whlwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whlwar1","avibase-BA47292D",null,null,"San Jose, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On the Birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/141/mode/1up","Basileuterus conspicillatus"],["32110","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis cinereicollis","(Sclater, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.166","Grey-throated Warbler","Gray-throated Warbler","Grey-throated Warbler",null,null,"montane Andean cloudforest from eastern Andes of northeastern Colombia including Sierra de Perijá to western Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721985","gytwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytwar1","avibase-69D734FB",null,null,"'Bogotá.","On Two New Species of Birds from New Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/220/mode/1up","Basileuterus cinereicollis"],["32111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis cinereicollis pallidula","(Wetmore, 1941)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-873F055F",null,null,"between 4,000 and 5,000 ft., northern end of Sierra Negra, east of Fonseca, Magdalena, Colombia.","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/233/mode/1up","Basileuterus cinereicollis pallidulus"],["32112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis cinereicollis zuliensis","(Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1994)","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 44 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-431B1BFF",null,null,"De Cerro Mashirampé, Sierra de Perijá, Edo. Zulia, Venezuela; altura 2.100 m.","Descripcion de nueve subespecies nuevas y comentarios sobre dos especies de aves de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-nueve-subespecies-nuevas-y-comentarios-sobre-dos-especies-de-aves-de-venezuela/","Basileuterus cinereicollis zuliensis"],["32113","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis cinereicollis cinereicollis","(Sclater, 1864)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.2 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia (Santander del Norte to western Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C59DBE7B",null,null,"'Bogotá.","On Two New Species of Birds from New Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/220/mode/1up","Basileuterus cinereicollis"],["32114","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fraseri","(Sclater, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.653 pl.61","Grey-and-gold Warbler","Gray-and-gold Warbler","Grey-and-gold Warbler",null,null,"dry and semi-humid forest in the lowlands and Andean foothills of western Ecuador, from far southern Esmeraldas southward to Piura and Lambayeque (northwestern Peru)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721958","gagwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gagwar2","avibase-A04DCB6C",null,null,"Pallatanga and Babahoyo, western Ecuador; type from Pallatanga, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 518.","Descriptions of five apparently new Species of South-American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/807/mode/1up","Basileuterus fraseri"],["32115","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fraseri ochraceicrista","(Chapman, 1921)","American Museum Novitates no.18 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"arid tropical western Ecuador (Manabí to El Oro) and Isla Puná",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6CABDFD",null,null,"Chone, Manavi [= Manabi], Ecuador.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4601/","Basileuterus fraseri ochraceicrista"],["32116","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fraseri fraseri","(Sclater, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.653 pl.61",null,null,null,null,null,"central Ecuador (Chimborazo) to northwestern Peru (Lambayeque)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0CA17CAF",null,null,"Pallatanga and Babahoyo, western Ecuador; type from Pallatanga, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 518.","Descriptions of five apparently new Species of South-American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/807/mode/1up","Basileuterus fraseri"],["32117","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.283","Russet-crowned Warbler","Russet-crowned Warbler","Russet-crowned Warbler",null,null,"montane Andean cloudforest from western Venezuela and all Andes of Colombia southward to northern Peru, and along the eastern Andes of Peru to central Bolivia (far western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721992","rucwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucwar1","avibase-99F5D09F",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Chanchamayo Valley, by Tschudi, 1846, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 193.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/291/mode/1up","Myiodioctes coronatus"],["32118","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata regulus","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 74, no.2752 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes in Colombia (southward to Cauca and Huila) and northwestern Venezuela (Táchira to Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E41A7B6D",null,null,"Páramo de las Rosas, Venezuela.","A revision of the Wood-Warbler genus Basileuterus and its allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32497#page/214/mode/1up","Basileuterus coronatus regulus"],["32119","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata elata","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 74, no.2752 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0C820AC",null,null,"Pagma forest, 6,200-7,400 ft., Hacienda Jalancay, near Chunchi, Ecuador.","A revision of the Wood-Warbler genus Basileuterus and its allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32497#page/213/mode/1up","Basileuterus coronatus elatus"],["32120","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata orientalis","(Chapman, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Ecuador (Pichincha southward to Chimborazo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FCEA4E5",null,null,"upper slopes Mt. Sumaco, head of Río Suno, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Basileuterus castaneiceps orientalis"],["32121","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata castaneiceps","(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.3 p.521",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes in southwestern Ecuador (Azuay, El Oro, Loja) and northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6FC3741",null,null,"Jina [= Jima], head- waters of Río Santiago, near Cuenca, Ecuador.","Descriptions of six new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90449#page/189/mode/1up","Basileuterus castaneiceps"],["32122","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata chapmani","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 74, no.2752 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slope of Andes in northwestern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45747386",null,null,"Chaupe, 6,100 ft., northern Peru.","A revision of the Wood-Warbler genus Basileuterus and its allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32497#page/210/mode/1up","Basileuterus castaneiceps chapmani"],["32123","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata inaequalis","(Zimmer, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.48",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes in north-central Peru (Amazonas and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-510D9AC2",null,null,"San Pedro, 8,600-9,400 ft., south of Chachapoyas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus coronatus inaequalis"],["32124","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata coronata","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes from central Peru (Pasco) southward to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8366C6DE",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Chanchamayo Valley, by Tschudi, 1846, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 193.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/291/mode/1up","Myiodioctes coronatus"],["32125","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis coronata notia","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 74, no.2752 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes in central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2162C42B",null,null,"Yungas de Cochabamba, Bolivia.","A revision of the Wood-Warbler genus Basileuterus and its allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32497#page/211/mode/1up","Basileuterus coronatus notius"],["32126","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis basilica","(Todd, 1913)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.170","Santa Marta Warbler","Santa Marta Warbler","Santa Marta Warbler",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721982","samwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samwar1","avibase-FFEF8EFD",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/212/mode/1up","Hemispingus basilicus"],["32127","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis luteoviridis","(Bonaparte, 1845)","Atti della Sesta Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Milano nel settembre del 1844 p.405","Citrine Warbler","Citrine Warbler",null,"2025-0534","<em>Myiothlypis luteoviridis</em> is retained as a single species. Geographic patterns in plumage and vocalizations suggest the presence of three groups (Boesman 2016z; del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2016), but detailed genetic and bioacoustic studies are needed before making any splits.","montane Andean cloudforest from western Venezuela and all Andes of Colombia, southward in eastern Andes of Ecuador (including Cordillera de Cutucu) to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,"citwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/citwar1","avibase-9F080871",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.",null,null,"Trichas luteoviridis"],["32128","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis luteoviridis luteoviridis","(Bonaparte, 1845)","Atti della Sesta Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Milano nel settembre del 1844 p.405",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54E80B5B",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.",null,null,"Trichas luteoviridis"],["32129","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis luteoviridis quindiana","(Meyer de Schauensee, 1946)","Notulae Naturae no.167 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Caldas and Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCB12EF3",null,null,"Laguneta, 10,000 ft., Caldas, western slope of Central Andes, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part IV. Further notes on Colombian birds, with the description of new forms.",null,"Basileuterus luteoviridis quindianus"],["32130","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis luteoviridis richardsoni","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5CAED91",null,null,"Western Andes, 10,340 ft., west of Popayan, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Basileuterus richardsoni"],["32131","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis luteoviridis striaticeps","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F37E3E96",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/328/mode/1up","Myiothlypis striaticeps"],["32132","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis luteoviridis euophrys","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.352",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Puno) to central Bolivia (La Paz eastward to Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-597DE5D9",null,null,"Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas [=Yungas of La Paz], Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/432/mode/1up","Basileuterus euophrys"],["32133","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis nigrocristata","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.230","Black-crested Warbler","Black-crested Warbler","Black-crested Warbler",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northern Venezuela, Ecuador, and northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721975","blcwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwar2","avibase-3D4F2A70",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/240/mode/1up","Trichas nigro-cristatus"],["32134","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis signata","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.74","Pale-legged Warbler","Pale-legged Warbler","Pale-legged Warbler",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes from Huánuco (central Peru) southward to Salta (northwestern Argentina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721969","palwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/palwar1","avibase-BBD736B2",null,null,"Idma, Santa Ana, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/94/mode/1up","Basileuterus signatus"],["32135","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis signata signata","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A6C434B",null,null,"Idma, Santa Ana, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/94/mode/1up","Basileuterus signatus"],["32136","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis signata flavovirens","(Todd, 1929)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 74, no.2752 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (southern Cusco and Puno), Bolivia (La Paz eastward to western Santa Cruz, thence southward) and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8BBCF58",null,null,"Incachaca, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","A revision of the Wood-Warbler genus Basileuterus and its allies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32497#page/223/mode/1up","Basileuterus signatus flavovirens"],["32137","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis rivularis","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.103, note","Riverbank Warbler","Riverbank Warbler",null,"2025-0536","Taxon <em>mesoleuca </em>is retained within <em>Myiothlypis rivularis,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split based on plumage and vocalizations (Boesman 2016n) is weak. A comprehensive analysis of genetics, plumages, and vocalizations is required.","disjunctly on riverbanks in humid forest from northern Venezuela eastward to French Guiana, southward across central and eastern Amazonian Brazil (east of the Rio Negro and to Pará), also along the eastern base of the Andes in central Bolivia, and also humid forest in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil (Bahia southward to Santa Catarina), to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"rivwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rivwar1","avibase-A80CFACA",null,null,"Villa dos Ilheos, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/511/mode/1up","Muscicapa rivularis"],["32138","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis rivularis mesoleuca","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865, pt.1 p.286 pl.9 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C0AF584E",null,null,"Demerara, British Guiana.","On a New Species of the Genus Basileuterus of Cabanis, with a Synopsis of the known Species of the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90412#page/332/mode/1up","Basileuterus mesoleucus"],["32139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis rivularis rivularis","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.103, note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-15C31434",null,null,"Villa dos Ilheos, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/511/mode/1up","Muscicapa rivularis"],["32140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis rivularis boliviana","(Sharpe, 1885)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.402",null,null,null,null,null,"foothills of Bolivia (western La Paz eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE021A8A",null,null,"Yuyo, La Paz, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/420/mode/1up","Basileuterus bolivianus"],["32141","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fulvicauda","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.20, pl.28, f.2","Buff-rumped Warbler","Buff-rumped Warbler","Buff-rumped Warbler",null,null,"riverbanks in humid forest from northern Honduras southward to eastern Panama, and in South America from the lowlands in northern Colombia southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys in central Colombia and southward west of the Andes to southwestern Ecuador; in the Amazon from north-central Colombia (Casanare) southward to northwestern Bolivia and Brazil (west of the Rio Negro and to the Rio Madeira and Rio Teles Pires)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722041","burwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burwar1","avibase-0232E9DC",null,null,"no locality; São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil, designated by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/34/mode/1up","Muscicapa fulvicauda"],["32142","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fulvicauda leucopygia","(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.10,156",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical north-central Honduras to western Panama (Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ED7D417",null,null,"Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/168/mode/1up","Basileuterus leucopygius"],["32143","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fulvicauda veraguensis","(Sharpe, 1885)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.403",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Costa Rica to central Panama (Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACEB2837",null,null,"Paraiso Station, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/421/mode/1up","Basileuterus [leucopygius subsp. a] veraguensis"],["32144","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fulvicauda semicervina","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) to southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and western Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD8C8E19",null,null,"Nanegal, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador, at Nanegal, Calacali, Perucho, and Puellaro ; with Notes and Descriptions of New Species'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/122/mode/1up","Basileuterus semicervinus"],["32145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fulvicauda motacilla","(Miller, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley in Tolima and Huila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F90FF89C",null,null,"14 km. west of Coyaima, 1,500 ft., Tolima, Colombia.","Two new races of birds from the Upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/212/mode/1up","Basileuterus fulvicauda motacilla"],["32146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fulvicauda fulvicauda","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.20, pl.28, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia southward to Ecuador, south-central Peru east of the Andes, and western Amazonian Brazil (eastward to the upper Rio Madeira and upper Rio Teles Pires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F9E7B395",null,null,"no locality; São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil, designated by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 18.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/34/mode/1up","Muscicapa fulvicauda"],["32147","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis fulvicauda significans","(Zimmer, 1949)","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru (Inambari and Tambopata drainages) to northwestern Bolivia (Pando and La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-688DB8E9",null,null,"La Pampa, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus rivularis significans"],["32148","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis leucophrys","(Pelzeln, 1868)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.2 p.72","White-striped Warbler","White-striped Warbler","White-striped Warbler",null,null,"gallery forest of south-central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722035","whswar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whswar2","avibase-27DCCC29",null,null,"Porto do Rio Paraná [= Rio Grande] , São Paulo, and Engenho do Capitao Correio, Rio Manso, Mato Grosso, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/82/mode/1up","Basileuterus leucophrys"],["32149","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis leucoblephara","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.206","White-rimmed Warbler","White-browed Warbler","White-rimmed Warbler",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722031","whbwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbwar2","avibase-D65E2A9D",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/220/mode/1up","Sylvia leucoblephara"],["32150","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis leucoblephara leucoblephara","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-654B28CA",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/220/mode/1up","Sylvia leucoblephara"],["32151","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis leucoblephara lemurum","(Olson, 1975)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 95 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1E7FC54",null,null,"Cerro de Animas, Depto. Maldonado, Uruguay","Geographic variation and other notes on Basileuterus leucoblepharus (Parulidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126880#page/560/mode/1up","Basileuterus leucoblepharus lemurum"],["32152","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis flaveola","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.252","Flavescent Warbler","Flavescent Warbler","Flavescent Warbler",null,null,"disjunctly in humid and deciduous forest in the coastal mountains and Andes of northern Venezuela to northeasternmost Andean foothillls of Colombia, tepuis of far southern Venezuela, adjacent Brazil, and western Guyana, southern Amazonia in central Brazil (Pará and Maranhão), southward to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, west to the Cerrado and Caatinga of central Brazil, and southward through eastern Bolivia and central Paraguay to far northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722038","flawar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flawar1","avibase-40BD9900",null,null,"'Paraguay' [probably = Paraguay River] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/264/mode/1up","Myiothlypis flaveolus"],["32153","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis flaveola pallidirostris","(Oren, 1985)","Publicações Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 40 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"northern South America east of the Andes and north of the Amazon basin, from tropical northeastern Colombia to northern Venezuela and southern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EFE961AD",null,null,"Puerto La Cruz, Distr. Federal, Venezuela, at 1000 ft. alt.","Two new subspecies of birds from the canga vegetation, Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil, and one from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226359#page/98/mode/1up","Basileuterus flaveolus pallidirostris"],["32154","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myiothlypis flaveola flaveola","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"central South America east of the Andes south of the Amazon basin, from northeastern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz) to northern Paraguay, interior southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-670DF685",null,null,"'Paraguay' [probably = Paraguay River] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/264/mode/1up","Myiothlypis flaveolus"],["32155","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Euthlypis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.18",null,null,null,"2026-023","<em>Basileuterus lachrymosus</em> is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Euthlypis</em> as <em>E. lachrymosa</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Zhao et al. 2025) following NACC (Jiménez 2025). Zhao et al. (2025) recovered <em>Euthlypis</em> as sister to a larger clade comprising <em>Basileuterus</em> + <em>Cardellina</em> + <em>Myioborus</em> in contrast to previous genetic data (Lovette et al. 2010). Placement in <em>Euthlypis</em> is also supported by the presence of unique morphological, behavioural and ecological traits in <em>E. lachrymosa</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Euthlypis lachrymosa [Cabanis, 1850]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/34/mode/1up","Euthlypis"],["32156","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Euthlypis lachrymosa","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.314","Fan-tailed Warbler","Fan-tailed Warbler","Fan-tailed Warbler","2026-023","<em>Basileuterus lachrymosus</em> is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Euthlypis</em> as <em>E. lachrymosa</em> based on genomic DNA evidence (Zhao et al. 2025) following NACC (Jiménez 2025). Zhao et al. (2025) recovered <em>Euthlypis</em> as sister to a larger clade comprising <em>Basileuterus</em> + <em>Cardellina</em> + <em>Myioborus</em> in contrast to previous genetic data (Lovette et al. 2010). Placement in <em>Euthlypis</em> is also supported by the presence of unique morphological, behavioural and ecological traits in <em>E. lachrymosa</em>.","tropical northwestern and northeastern Mexico (southeastern Sonora and southern Tamaulipas) to north-central Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721955","fatwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fatwar","avibase-C35381D0",null,null,"Mexico; type from Laguna Huetulacan, Veracruz, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/492/mode/1up","Basileuterus lachrymosa"],["32157","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus","Cabanis, 1848","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3(1848) p.666",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Basileuterus vermivorus [Cabanis, 1849]; type by monotypy = Setophaga auricapilla Swainson, 1838  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/156/mode/1up","Basileuterus"],["32158","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus delattrii","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.383","Chestnut-capped Warbler","Chestnut-capped Warbler",null,"2025-0537","Taxon <em>delattrii </em>(polytypic, including <em>mesochrysus </em>and <em>actuosus</em>) is split from <em>Basileuterus rufifrons</em> based on differences in plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations, including an extensive study of these traits in areas of sympatry (Demko et al. 2019, 2020).","disjunctly in mountains of Chiapas (far southeastern Mexico) eastward to central Panama, and dry to semi-humid forests and scrub in the lowlands of northern Colombia and adjacent far western Venezuela, southward along the Cauca and Magdalena valleys of central Colombia",null,null,null,"rucwar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucwar4","avibase-F50F4ACE",null,null,"Nicaragua.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Septième communication : Chanteurs dentirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/393/mode/1up","Basileuterus delattrii"],["32159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus delattrii delattrii","Bonaparte, 1854","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.383",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southeastern Chiapas) to highlands of northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-055454E9",null,null,"Nicaragua.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Septième communication : Chanteurs dentirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/393/mode/1up","Basileuterus delattrii"],["32160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus delattrii mesochrysus","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to Panama, northern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-030BF2DF",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Notes on a Collection of Birds from the Vicinity of Orizaba and neighbouring parts of Southern Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/331/mode/1up","Basileuterus mesochrysus"],["32161","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus delattrii actuosus","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-024BB685",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/322/mode/1up","Basileuterus delattrii actuosus"],["32162","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus rufifrons","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.294","Rufous-capped Warbler","Rufous-capped Warbler",null,"2025-0537","Taxon <em>delattrii </em>(polytypic, including <em>mesochrysus </em>and <em>actuosus</em>) is split from <em>Basileuterus rufifrons</em> based on differences in plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations, including an extensive study of these traits in areas of sympatry (Demko et al. 2019, 2020).","scrub and edge mostly in foothills from northern Sonora (and southeastern Arizona; rare) in west and central Nuevo León in east (northeastern Mexico) southward and joining across the transvolcanic belt, southward (except Yucatan Peninsula) to southern Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,"rucwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucwar","avibase-AC24B6B5",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Real Ariba (sic), Veracruz? [Mexico], by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 92.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/306/mode/1up","Setophaga rufifrons"],["32163","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus","Nelson, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico (Sonora to Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76EF2581",null,null,"vicinity of Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/55/mode/1up","Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus"],["32164","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi","Ridgway, 1892","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15, no.895 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of western and central Mexico (southern Sinaloa to Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45026062",null,null,"Guanajuato, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53607#page/147/mode/1up","Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi"],["32165","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi","Ridgway, 1892","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15, no.895 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico (Nuevo León to Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73682AAF",null,null,"Hacienda Angostura, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53607#page/147/mode/1up","Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi"],["32166","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus rufifrons rufifrons","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Puebla to Oaxaca and Chiapas) to northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF9F0766",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Real Ariba (sic), Veracruz? [Mexico], by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 92.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/306/mode/1up","Setophaga rufifrons"],["32167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus rufifrons salvini","Cherrie, 1891","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14 no.855 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (southern Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas) to Belize and northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FEB8A7D",null,null,"Coban, Verapaz, Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32426#page/386/mode/1up","Basileuterus salvini"],["32168","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus belli","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[9], pl.4, f.2","Golden-browed Warbler","Golden-browed Warbler","Golden-browed Warbler",null,null,"pine-oak montane forest of Mexico (southern Sinaloa and southwestern Durango in the west and central Tamaulipas in the east) southward through Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722019","gobwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobwar1","avibase-BFB6CAFA",null,null,"'Texas' ; amended to Mount Orizaba, Veracruz, by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/31/mode/1up","Muscicapa belli"],["32169","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus belli bateli","Moore, 1946","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Mexico (southeastern Sinaloa to Jalisco and Michoacán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6055D1F6",null,null,"Rancho Batel, about 6,800 ft., six miles north of Santa Lucia, Sinaloa, Mexico.","Two new Warblers from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123310#page/120/mode/1up","Basileuterus belli bateli"],["32170","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus belli belli","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[9], pl.4, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Mexico (southwestern Tamaulipas to northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0C245E9",null,null,"'Texas' ; amended to Mount Orizaba, Veracruz, by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 84.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/31/mode/1up","Muscicapa belli"],["32171","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus belli clarus","Ridgway, 1902","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.2 p.745",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southwestern Mexico (southern Morelos, Guerrero, and western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF7D3EDC",null,null,"mountains near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32361#page/771/mode/1up","Basileuterus belli clarus"],["32172","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus belli scitulus","Nelson, 1900","The Auk 17, no.3 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southeastern Mexico (eastern Oaxaca and Chiapas) to northwestern El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D04B72B9",null,null,"Todos Santos, Guatemala.","Descriptions of thirty new North American birds, in the biological survey collection.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol17/iss3/7/","Basileuterus belli scitulus"],["32173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus belli subobscurus","Wetmore, 1940","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 53 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"high mountains of northwestern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A1861C0",null,null,"Cantoral, Honduras.","Two new geographic races of Birds from Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107567#page/72/mode/1up","Basileuterus belli subobscurus"],["32174","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus ignotus","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.21","Pirre Warbler","Pirre Warbler","Pirre Warbler",null,null,"humid montane forest of eastern Panama and far northwestern Colombia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722025","pirwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pirwar1","avibase-F0D7DABD",null,null,"Mount Pirri, 5,200 ft., near head of Río Limon, Darien, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/63/mode/1up","Basileuterus melanogenys ignotus"],["32175","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus melanogenys","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.248, 247 (in key)","Black-cheeked Warbler","Black-cheeked Warbler",null,null,null,"montane forest from north-central Costa Rica to central Panama, with an undescribed population in Azuero Peninsula (south-central Panama)",null,null,null,"blcwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcwar1","avibase-3120CFB4",null,null,"'(San Jose ?,)' Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/260/mode/1up","Basileuterus melanogenys"],["32176","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus melanogenys melanogenys","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.248, 247 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical highlands of Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9731826A",null,null,"'(San Jose ?,)' Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/260/mode/1up","Basileuterus melanogenys"],["32177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus melanogenys eximius","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-632E0A96",null,null,"Boquete, 5,000 ft., Chiriquí, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/64/mode/1up","Basileuterus melanogenys eximius"],["32178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus melanogenys bensoni","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Panama (Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0D607773",null,null,"Chitra, 4,700 ft., Pacific slope of Veraguas, Panama.","Undescribed or little-known birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Basileuterus bensoni"],["32179","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2","Golden-crowned Warbler","Golden-crowned Warbler",null,"2025-0538","<em>Basileuterus culicivorus</em> is retained as a single species, as available morphological, vocal (Boesman 2016q), and genetic data (Vilaça &amp; Santos 2010) reveal complex patterns of differentiation. A more comprehensive assessment based on genomics and vocalizations is required.","disjunctly in dry to humid forest in the lowlands and foothills of the Pacific slope from Nayarit (western Mexico) southward to El Salvador, and on the Gulf slope from southern Nuevo León southward in Mexico (including the Yucatan Peninsula) to western Panama, mountains of coastal Venezuela (to the Paría Peninsula), Trinidad, tepuis from central Venezuela southward to Roraima (northern Brazil) and southern Guyana, the Santa Marta foothills, the Andes of Venezuela through all Colombian Andes southward to northern Nariño, from central Bolivia eastward in southern Amazonian Brazil (from Ceará) in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, southward to central Paraguay and Buenos Aires (northeastern Argentina), and the Yungas of Bolivia and northern Argentina; rare non-breeding visitor to far southern USA",null,null,null,"gcrwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gcrwar","avibase-E15EEACD",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Sylvia culicivora"],["32180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus flavescens","Ridgway, 1902","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.2 p.755",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Nayarit and western Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC4F912D",null,null,"San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32361#page/781/mode/1up","Basileuterus culicivorus flavescens"],["32181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus brasierii","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[14], pl.6, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas to Hidalgo and northern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74734197",null,null,"'Texas' ; amended to Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, by Todd, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 76.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/45/mode/1up","Muscicapa brasierii"],["32182","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus culicivorus","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (Puebla) to northwestern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7421333C",null,null,"Mexico ; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Sylvia culicivora"],["32183","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus godmani","Berlepsch, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.450",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Costa Rica and western Panama (eastward to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-489C4C9C",null,null,"Veragua [= Chiriquí, Panama] .","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Basileuterus godmani"],["32184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus occultus","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and lower subtropical Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE228003",null,null,"Peque, 5,000 ft., Antioquia, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus culicivorus occultus"],["32185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus austerus","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, and Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09C62471",null,null,"Buena Vista, 4,500 ft., above Villavicencio, Eastern Andes, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus culicivorus austerus"],["32186","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus indignus","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1666286",null,null,"La Tigrera, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/125/mode/1up","Basileuterus cabanisi indignus"],["32187","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus cabanisi","Berlepsch, 1879","Ornithologisches Centralblatt 4 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Colombia (Santander del Norte) and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81CCAAAD",null,null,"San Esteban and Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela; type from Puerto Cabello, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 502.","Eine neue Gattung und neue Arten aus Sudamerika.","https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ornith-Centralblatt_4_I-LIII.pdf","Basileuterus Cabanisi"],["32188","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus olivascens","Chapman, 1893","The Auk 10, no.4 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (Sucre, Monagas, and Anzoategui) and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47E396FA",null,null,"Princestown, Trinidad.","Preliminary descriptions of one new species and two new subspecies of birds from the Island of Trinidad.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol10/iss4/8/","Basileuterus vermivorus olivascens"],["32189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus segrex","Zimmer & Phelps, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1412 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela to western Guyana and adjacent northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ECCE42D",null,null,"Paulo, Mt. Roraima, 1,200 m., Bolívar, Venezuela.","A new name for Basileuterus culicivorus roraimae Zimmer and Phelps.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2346/","Basileuterus culicivorus segrex"],["32190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus auricapilla","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B22550A4",null,null,"'Mexico' and Brazil; restricted to Therezopolis, Rio de Janeiro, by Zimmer, 1949, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1428, p. 44.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/305/mode/1up","Setophaga auricapilla"],["32191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus azarae","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.44",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-709CD85B",null,null,"Sapucay, Paraguay.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus culicivorus azarae"],["32192","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus viridescens","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Bolivia (eastern Beni and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFDD5250",null,null,"Buenavista, Sara [= Gutierrez] , Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/212/mode/1up","Basileuterus auricapillus viridescens"],["32193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus culicivorus hypoleucus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.313",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Bolivia (eastern Santa Cruz) to northeastern Paraguay and south-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71782EE1",null,null,"Brazil; probably São Paulo, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 497.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/491/mode/1up","Basileuterus hypoleucus"],["32194","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus melanotis","Lawrence, 1868","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9 p.95","Black-eared Warbler","Costa Rican Warbler","Costa Rican Warbler","2025-0539","<em>Basileuterus tristriatus</em> (polytypic) is split into four species based on differences in vocalizations and plumages (Donegan 2014): <em>B. melanotis</em> (monotypic); <em>B. tacarcunae</em> (monotypic); <em>B. punctipectu</em>s (polytypic, including <em>inconspicuus </em>and <em>canens</em>); and nominate <em>B. tristriatus</em>. This arrangement is supported by the mitochondrial DNA study of Gutiérrez-Pinto et al. (2012), with <em>B. tristriatus sensu lato</em> recovered as paraphyletic.","mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232775311","thswar5","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thswar5","avibase-1741B8A7",null,null,"Cervantes, Costa Rica",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/111/mode/1up","Basileuterus melanotis"],["32195","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tacarcunae","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.6","Tacarcuna Warbler","Tacarcuna Warbler","Tacarcuna Warbler","2025-0539","<em>Basileuterus tristriatus</em> (polytypic) is split into four species based on differences in vocalizations and plumages (Donegan 2014): <em>B. melanotis</em> (monotypic); <em>B. tacarcunae</em> (monotypic); <em>B. punctipectu</em>s (polytypic, including <em>inconspicuus </em>and <em>canens</em>); and nominate <em>B. tristriatus</em>. This arrangement is supported by the mitochondrial DNA study of Gutiérrez-Pinto et al. (2012), with <em>B. tristriatus sensu lato</em> recovered as paraphyletic.","local in highlands of central Panama (Panamá and Guna Yala), eastern Panama (Cerra Tacarcuna, Darién), and adjacent northwestern Colombia (Chocó)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232775530","thswar9","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thswar9","avibase-5A1D54E9",null,null,"east slope, Mt. Tacarcuna, 4,600 ft., below Colombia-Panama line, Darien, Panama.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Basileuterus tacarcunae"],["32196","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus trifasciatus","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.191","Three-banded Warbler","Three-banded Warbler","Three-banded Warbler",null,null,"humid forest in the western Andes of southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) and northwestern Peru (southward to La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722005","thbwar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbwar2","avibase-2B2A04D0",null,null,"Callacate, Cajamarca, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par M. Stolzman, pendant les derniers mois de 1878 et dans la première moitié de 1879.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/263/mode/1up","Basileuterus trifasciatus"],["32197","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus trifasciatus nitidior","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja) to northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6B10A7A",null,null,"El Chiral, 5,350 ft., Santa Rosa-Zaruma trail, El Oro, southwestern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Basileuterus trifasciatus nitidior"],["32198","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus trifasciatus trifasciatus","Taczanowski, 1880","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.191",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru (Piura, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A90B9C6",null,null,"Callacate, Cajamarca, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par M. Stolzman, pendant les derniers mois de 1878 et dans la première moitié de 1879.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/263/mode/1up","Basileuterus trifasciatus"],["32199","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus punctipectus","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.5","Yungas Warbler","Yungas Warbler","Yungas Warbler","2025-0539","<em>Basileuterus tristriatus</em> (polytypic) is split into four species based on differences in vocalizations and plumages (Donegan 2014): <em>B. melanotis</em> (monotypic); <em>B. tacarcunae</em> (monotypic); <em>B. punctipectu</em>s (polytypic, including <em>inconspicuus </em>and <em>canens</em>); and nominate <em>B. tristriatus</em>. This arrangement is supported by the mitochondrial DNA study of Gutiérrez-Pinto et al. (2012), with <em>B. tristriatus sensu lato</em> recovered as paraphyletic.","humid cloudforest in the eastern Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) eastward along the Andes to central Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232775895","thswar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thswar2","avibase-A74E673E",null,null,"Yungas, 3,600 ft., Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Basileuterus tristriatus punctipectus"],["32200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus punctipectus inconspicuus","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.35",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) to northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF2EB2B2",null,null,"Inca Mine, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus tristriatus inconspicuus"],["32201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus punctipectus punctipectus","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4F0020C",null,null,"Yungas, 3,600 ft., Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Basileuterus tristriatus punctipectus"],["32202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus punctipectus canens","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB9AE221",null,null,"Samaipata, 5,500 ft., Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Basileuterus tristriatus canens"],["32203","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.283","Three-striped Warbler","Three-striped Warbler","Three-striped Warbler","2025-0539","<em>Basileuterus tristriatus</em> (polytypic) is split into four species based on differences in vocalizations and plumages (Donegan 2014): <em>B. melanotis</em> (monotypic); <em>B. tacarcunae</em> (monotypic); <em>B. punctipectu</em>s (polytypic, including <em>inconspicuus </em>and <em>canens</em>); and nominate <em>B. tristriatus</em>. This arrangement is supported by the mitochondrial DNA study of Gutiérrez-Pinto et al. (2012), with <em>B. tristriatus sensu lato</em> recovered as paraphyletic.","humid forest in coastal mountains of Venezuela (Falcón eastward to the Paría Peninsula), and in the Andes from western Venezuela and all Andes of Colombia, and the Sierra del Perijá and Serranía de San Lucas, southward in the Andes of Ecuador to southern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/232775023","thswar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thswar1","avibase-99E9FFE0",null,null,"corrected to valley of Vitoc, Junín, Peru, by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 494.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/291/mode/1up","Myiodioctes tristriatus"],["32204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus daedalus","Bangs, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western and central Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-00C4E128",null,null,"San Antonio, 5,800 ft, Río Cali, western Colombia.","Notes on birds from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/204/mode/1up","Basileuterus melanotis daedalus"],["32205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus sanlucasensis","Salaman, 2015","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 135, no.1 p.84 [84-86]",null,null,null,null,null,"Serrania de San Lucas (Bolívar, north-central Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76B52B77",null,null,"Adult male, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia (ICN) no. 34167. Extracted from a mist-net by P. Salaman and prepared as a specimen by T. M. Donegan, at El Retén, near La Punta, Santa Rosa del Sur, Serranía de San Lucas, Bolívar (08°08'47\"N, 74°12'48\"W; 1,400 m) on 18 March 2001.","A new subspecies of Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus in the Serranía de San Lucas, Colombia","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252648#page/86/mode/1up","Basileuterus tristriatus sanlucasensis"],["32206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus auricularis","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.386",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern and central Andes of Colombia and southwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-652C493F",null,null,"'Bogotá' ; Pallatanga, Ecuador ; and Simacu, Bolivia; restricted to 'Bogotá,' Colombia, by Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 143, p. 4.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/404/mode/1up","Basileuterus auricularis"],["32207","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus meridanus","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.387",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of western Venezuela (Lara to Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B35F3F72",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/405/mode/1up","Basileuterus meridanus"],["32208","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus bessereri","Hellmayr, 1922","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern Band1 no.6 p.46",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46D92A6F",null,null,"Silla de Caracas, Venezuela.","Vier neue Formen aus Sudamerikanischen Avifauna.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/56/mode/1up","Basileuterus tristriatus bessereri"],["32209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (subtropical mountains of Paría Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5ED9D154",null,null,"Cerro Humo, Paria Peninsula, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/57/mode/1up","Basileuterus tristriatus pariae"],["32210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus baezae","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Ecuador (Pichincha to Chimborazo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4B75929",null,null,"Baeza, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Basileuterus tristriatus baezae"],["32211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Basileuterus tristriatus tristriatus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.283",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Ecuador (Loja) to central Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31280F78",null,null,"corrected to valley of Vitoc, Junín, Peru, by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 494.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/291/mode/1up","Myiodioctes tristriatus"],["32212","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cardinella amicta [Du Bus]; type by subsequent designation (Baird, SF, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1 (1864), p. 263). = Muscicapa rubrifrons Giraud, 1841  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/490/mode/1up","Cardellina"],["32213","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.327","Canada Warbler","Canada Warbler","Canada Warbler",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters Panama and mountains of northwestern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721882","canwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/canwar","avibase-F2D675AF",null,null,"Canada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/331/mode/1up","Muscicapa canadensis"],["32214","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina pusilla","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.103 pl.26 fig.4","Wilson's Warbler","Wilson's Warbler","Wilson's Warbler",null,null,"breeds in humid shrubland and forest from Alaska eastward across Canada to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia and far northeastern USA from Minnesota to Maine, and in northwestern and western USA southward to California and northern New Mexico; migrates southward across central Canada and most USA to winter on the Gulf of Mexico coast southward to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721879","wlswar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wlswar","avibase-1F09CCCC",null,null,"southern States, . . . lower parts ... of New Jersey and Delaware ; restricted to southern New Jersey by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 299.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/123/mode/1up","Muscicapa pusilla"],["32215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina pusilla pileolata","(Pallas, 1811)","Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds northern Alaska and northern Yukon to southwestern USA; winters to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53DA766A",null,null,"Kodiak Island, Alaska.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92513#page/529/mode/1up","Motacilla pileolata"],["32216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina pusilla chryseola","(Ridgway, 1902)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.2 p.705,714",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern British Columbia to southern California; winters to Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64FDA02D",null,null,"Pacific coast district of United States and British Columbia; type from Red Bluff, California, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 548.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32361#page/731/mode/1up","Wilsonia pusilla chryseola"],["32217","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina pusilla pusilla","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.103 pl.26 fig.4",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southern and eastern Canada to northeastern USA; winters to Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E7B4A31",null,null,"southern States, . . . lower parts ... of New Jersey and Delaware ; restricted to southern New Jersey by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 299.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/123/mode/1up","Muscicapa pusilla"],["32218","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina rubrifrons","(Giraud, 1841)","A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History p.[15], pl.7 fig.1,text","Red-faced Warbler","Red-faced Warbler","Red-faced Warbler",null,null,"breeds mountains of Arizona and New Mexico to northwestern Mexico; winters to Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721885","refwar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/refwar","avibase-B18D3F08",null,null,"Texas \"error\" - Mexico, vide, e.g.. Stone, 1919, Auk, 36, p. 467].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119418#page/49/mode/1up","Muscicapa rubrifrons"],["32219","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina versicolor","Salvin, 1863","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.188 pl.24 fig.1","Pink-headed Warbler","Pink-headed Warbler","Pink-headed Warbler",null,null,"mountains of far southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721891","pihwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pihwar1","avibase-5AA39FDF",null,null,"Volcán de Fuego, Totonicapam, and Chilasco, Guatemala; type from Chilasco, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 475.","Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of Birds discovered in Central America by Frederick Godman and Osbert Salvin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/258/mode/1up","Cardellina versicolor"],["32220","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina rubra","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368","Red Warbler","Red Warbler","Red Warbler",null,null,"montane pine-oak forest of Pacific slope from Sinaloa to Jalisco (western Mexico), thence across transvolcanic belt to central Veracruz and south-central Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721888","redwar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/redwar1","avibase-EA8F2DDC",null,null,"woods of Valladolid [=Morella], Michoacan.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Setophaga rubra"],["32221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina rubra melanauris","(Moore, 1937)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 50 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico (Chihuahua and Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82A058A5",null,null,"Trogon Valley, 10,000 ft., eastern slope Mt. Mohinora, southwestern Chihuahua.","Four new Birds from north-western Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107375#page/130/mode/1up","Ergaticus ruber melanauris"],["32222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina rubra rubra","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Mexico (transvolcanic belt, from Jalisco and Michoacán to Veracruz and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A0670A5",null,null,"woods of Valladolid [=Morella], Michoacan.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Setophaga rubra"],["32223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Cardellina rubra rowleyi","(Orr & Webster, 1968)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 81 p.39",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (mountains of Guerrero and southern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FBA7049C",null,null,"30 km E. Lachao Nuevo, 8600 feet elev., Oaxaca, Mexico","New subspecies of birds from Oaxaca (Aves: Phasianidae, Turdidae, Parulidae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107600#page/55/mode/1up","Ergaticus ruber rowleyi"],["32224","genus","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.257,237 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Setophaga verticalis [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/269/mode/1up","Myioborus"],["32225","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus pictus","(Swainson, 1829)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.1, no.1 pl.3,text","Painted Whitestart","Painted Whitestart","Painted Whitestart",null,null,"montane forest of Arizona, western New Mexico, and southwestern Texas in west, and Nuevo León in east, southward through northern Nicaragua; some withdrawal of non-breeders from north in winter; repeated vagrancy to California and elsewhere",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721894","paired","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paired","avibase-3255D987",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92611#page/31/mode/1up","Setophaga picta"],["32226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus pictus pictus","(Swainson, 1829)","Zoological Illustrations ser.2, vol.1, no.1 pl.3,text",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southwestern USA to southern Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC3CFB8C",null,null,"Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92611#page/31/mode/1up","Setophaga picta"],["32227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus pictus guatemalae","(Sharpe, 1885)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.417",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-723F88E6",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/435/mode/1up","Setophaga picta Subsp. α Setophaga guatemalae"],["32228","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368","Slate-throated Whitestart","Slate-throated Whitestart","Slate-throated Whitestart",null,null,"montane forest from northern Mexico southward to Darién (eastern Panama), and in South America in montane cloudforest in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northeastern Colombia, southward across the Andes of western Venezuela, all Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to northern Peru, and along the eastern Andes of Peru to Chuquisaca in southern Bolivia, also coastal mountains of Venezuela, tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana and Brazil, and coastal mountains of southwest Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721898","sltred","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sltred","avibase-CB8A9437",null,null,"woods of Valladolid [= Morelia], Michoacan.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Setophaga miniata"],["32229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus miniatus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Mexico from southern Sonora, southwestern Chihuahua, and San Luis Potosí, and patchily in eastern Coahuila, southward to southern Oaxaca and western Chiapas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-606ECD80",null,null,"woods of Valladolid [= Morelia], Michoacan.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/384/mode/1up","Setophaga miniata"],["32230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus molochinus","Wetmore, 1942","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Mexico (Sierra de los Tuxtlas in southeastern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D545972",null,null,"between 3,000 and 4,000 ft., Volcán San Martin, Sierra de Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico.","Descriptions of three additional Birds from southern Vera Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/123/mode/1up","Myioborus miniatus molochinus"],["32231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus intermedius","(Hartlaub, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (far eastern Oaxaca and Chiapas) to eastern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7448C7C",null,null,"Guatemala ; restricted to Panajachel, western Guatemala, by Griscom, 1932, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 64, p. 341.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/11/mode/1up","Setophaga intermedia"],["32232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus hellmayri","Van Rossem, 1936","The Condor 38, no.3 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Pacific cordillera from Guatemala to southwestern El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60C4E966",null,null,"Volcán de Santa Ana, 6,000 ft., Sonsonate, El Salvador.","The Orange-bellied Redstart of western Central America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol38/iss3/6/","Myioborus miniatus hellmayri"],["32233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus connectens","Dickey & Van Rossem, 1928","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 41 p.189",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of El Salvador and Honduras southward to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E42ED19",null,null,"Los Esesmiles, 8,000 ft., Chalatenango, El Salvador.","A new species of Myioborus and a new species of Chlorospingus from El Salvador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107745#page/235/mode/1up","Myioborus miniatus connectens"],["32234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus comptus","Wetmore, 1944","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 95, no.3179 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of Costa Rica (central cordillera and Guanacaste)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83F58AE7",null,null,"900 m., Cerro Santa Maria, a spur of Volcán Rincon de la Vieja, above Hacienda Santa Maria, Costa Rica.","A collection of birds from northern Guanacaste, Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/320922#page/92/mode/1up","Myioborus miniatus comptus"],["32235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus aurantiacus","(Baird, 1865)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.261, 254 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of eastern Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca) and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69B3E2CB",null,null,"Dota Mountains, San Jose, and Barranca, Costa Rica; types from Santa Maria de Dota, fide, Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 549.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/273/mode/1up","Setophaga aurantiaca"],["32236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus ballux","Wetmore & Phelps, 1944","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 57 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) to Colombia, western Venezuela, and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8891DE4",null,null,"1,600 m., near Queniquea, Táchira, Venezuela.","A new form of Myioborus from northern South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/241/mode/1up","Myioborus miniatus ballux"],["32237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus sanctaemartae","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F11D79E",null,null,"Las Nubes, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Myioborus miniatus sanctaemartae"],["32238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus pallidiventris","(Chapman, 1899)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12, art.9 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (eastern Falcón to Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B3938B8F",null,null,"Quebrada Seca [inland from Cumana] , northeastern Venezuela.","Descriptions of five apparently new birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/769","Setophaga verticalis pallidiventris"],["32239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus subsimilis","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Ecuador (El Oro) to far northwestern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BD8B040",null,null,"Alamor, 4,450 ft, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Myioborus miniatus subsimilis"],["32240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus miniatus verticalis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador to southeastern Venezuela, Guyana, and southward to Peru, central Bolivia (eastward to western Santa Cruz), and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46679EA1",null,null,"Ayupaya, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/166/mode/1up","Muscipeta (S.[etophaga]) verticalis"],["32241","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus torquatus","(Baird, 1865)","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.261, 255 (in key)","Collared Whitestart","Collared Whitestart","Collared Whitestart",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721934","colred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/colred1","avibase-7CE22946",null,null,"San Jose, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/273/mode/1up","Setophaga torquata"],["32242","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus pariae","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.40","Paria Whitestart","Paria Whitestart","Paria Whitestart",null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (humid cloudforest of Paría Peninsula)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721919","parred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parred1","avibase-99FAC557",null,null,"Cerro Azul, Cristobal Colón, Peninsula de Paria, Sucre, Venezuela.","Eight new birds from the subtropical zone of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/56/mode/1up","Myioborus brunniceps pariae"],["32243","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus castaneocapilla","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.667","Tepui Whitestart","Tepui Whitestart","Tepui Whitestart",null,null,"tepuis of Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721902","tepred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tepred1","avibase-B19969D1",null,null,"Roraima, 7,000 ft, British Guiana [= Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/157/mode/1up","Setophaga castaneocapilla"],["32244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus castaneocapilla castaneocapilla","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.667",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of eastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar), western Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C25847A2",null,null,"Roraima, 7,000 ft, British Guiana [= Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/157/mode/1up","Setophaga castaneocapilla"],["32245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus castaneocapilla duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Mount Duida, Mount Parú, and Mount Huachamacari)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F96555C2",null,null,"Central Camp, 4,800 ft.. Mount Duida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Myioborus duidae"],["32246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus castaneocapilla maguirei","Phelps & Phelps, 1961","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5AE2DA8",null,null,"Cerro de la Neblina, 1,850 m., Amazonas, Venezuela.","A new subspecies of Warbler from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela, and notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/133566#page/292/mode/1up","Myioborus brunniceps maguirei"],["32247","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus cardonai","Zimmer & Phelps, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1274 p.6-7","Guaiquinima Whitestart","Saffron-breasted Whitestart","Guaiquinima Whitestart",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Guaiquinima in west-central Bolívar)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721929","sabred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sabred1","avibase-56671CF3",null,null,"Mt. Guaiquinima, 1,220 m., Paragua River, Bolívar, Venezuela.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2300/","Myioborus cardonai"],["32248","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus albifacies","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 10 p.237","White-faced Whitestart","White-faced Whitestart","White-faced Whitestart",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerros Guany, Yaví, and Paraque)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721925","whfred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfred1","avibase-65DB5013",null,null,"Cerro Paraque, 1,450 m., Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cuatro aves nuevas de los Cerros Paraque y Ptari-tepui y notas sobre Bubulcus ibis, Myioborus cardonai y Platycichla leucops.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cuatro-aves-nuevas-de-los-cerros-paraque-y-ptari-tepui-y-notas-sobre-bubulcus-ibis-myioborus-cardonai-y-platycichla-leucops/","Myioborus albifacies"],["32249","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus brunniceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.50","Brown-capped Whitestart","Brown-capped Whitestart","Brown-capped Whitestart",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (La Paz eastward to south-central Santa Cruz) and southward to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721915","brcred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brcred1","avibase-9E76EA56",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/166/mode/1up","Muscipeta (S. [etophaga]) brunniceps"],["32250","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus flavivertex","(Salvin, 1887)","Ibis ser.5, vol.5, no.18 p.129 pl.4","Yellow-crowned Whitestart","Yellow-crowned Whitestart","Yellow-crowned Whitestart",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721951","yecred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yecred1","avibase-5B7A8931",null,null,"neighborhood of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Description of a new Species of the Genus Setophaga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34878#page/167/mode/1up","Setophaga flavivertex"],["32251","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus albifrons","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.780,784","White-fronted Whitestart","White-fronted Whitestart","White-fronted Whitestart",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Táchira, and Mérida)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721947","whfred2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whfred2","avibase-5B59921E",null,null,"Sierra Nevada of Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/904/mode/1up","Setophaga albifrons"],["32252","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus ornatus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.70","Golden-fronted Whitestart","Golden-fronted Whitestart",null,"2025-0540","Taxon <em>chrysops </em>is retained within <em>Myioborus ornatus</em> pending further research on genetics and vocalizations. Mitochondrial DNA divergences within the <em>M. ornatus-M. melanocephalus</em> complex are shallow (Pérez-Emán 2005; Céspedes-Arias 2021) and extensive hybridization occurs where the two species come into contact (Céspedes-Arias 2021). In the absence of relevant genomic data a conservative approach has been adopted.","montane Andean cloudforest from southwestern Venezuela southwestward in the eastern Andes of Colombia, and in the western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,"gofred1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gofred1","avibase-0A4A6CF7",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/80/mode/1up","Setophaga ornata"],["32253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus ornatus ornatus","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and adjacent southwestern Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D291752B",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/80/mode/1up","Setophaga ornata"],["32254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus ornatus chrysops","(Salvin, 1878)","Ibis ser.4, vol.2, no.7 p.314 pl.7 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia to Cauca and Huila)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F78FAC04",null,null,"Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.","A Synopsis of the Genus Setophaga.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861#page/350/mode/1up","Setophaga chrysops"],["32255","species","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus melanocephalus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.276","Spectacled Whitestart","Spectacled Whitestart","Spectacled Whitestart",null,null,"montane Andean cloudforest from far southern Colombia southward through Ecuador to northern Peru, and eastern Andean slope of Peru southeastward to far Bolivia (western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721938","spered1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spered1","avibase-A02798C6",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Maraynioc, Junín, by Zimmer, 1949, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1428, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/284/mode/1up","Setophaga melanocephala"],["32256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus melanocephalus ruficoronatus","(Kaup, 1852)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.19, no.222 p.49",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to southern Ecuador (Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51AD6940",null,null,"no locality; type said to have come from Cali [probably above town] , Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 470.","Descriptions of some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96443#page/77/mode/1up","Setophaga ruficoronata"],["32257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus melanocephalus griseonuchus","Chapman, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.250 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of northwestern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5142E5B7",null,null,"Taulis, 8,850 ft., Pacific slope northeast of Pacasmayo, Peru.","Description of new birds from northwestern Peru and western Colombia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4109/","Myioborus bairdi griseonuchus"],["32258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus melanocephalus malaris","Zimmer, 1949","American Museum Novitates no.1428 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of northern Peru (north of Chachapoyas in Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FDFE7B3",null,null,"La Lejia, about 9,000 ft., north of Chachapoyas, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 54, The families Catamblyrhynchidae and Parulidae.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4306/","Myioborus melanocephalus malaris"],["32259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus melanocephalus melanocephalus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of north-central Peru (Amazonas to Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DAA78AF",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Maraynioc, Junín, by Zimmer, 1949, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1428, p. 20.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/284/mode/1up","Setophaga melanocephala"],["32260","subspecies","Passeriformes","Parulidae","New World Warblers","Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianus","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.265",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco) to central Bolivia (La Paz to far western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65CD71A2",null,null,"Incachaca, 7,700 ft., Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/301/mode/1up","Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianus"],["32261","family","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalidae",null,null,"Cardinals and allies","Cardinals and Allies","Cardinals",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cardin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cardin1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["32262","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxviii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pitylus aureoventris [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 75).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/181/mode/1up","Pheucticus"],["32263","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus ludovicianus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.306","Rose-breasted Grosbeak","Rose-breasted Grosbeak","Rose-breasted Grosbeak",null,null,"breeds eastern Canada and USA; winters from Mexico to Peru and western Cuba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723813","robgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robgro","avibase-7C2FCB13",null,null,"Louisiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/310/mode/1up","Loxia ludoviciana"],["32264","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus melanocephalus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.438","Black-headed Grosbeak","Black-headed Grosbeak","Black-headed Grosbeak",null,null,"breeds southern Alaska and southern British Columbia to southwestern Saskatchewan southward to central Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca), westward to Pacific Coast (including northern Baja California), and eastward to central North Dakota to southwestern Texas, western Coahuila, central Puebla, and Oaxaca; nonbreeding range in Mexico along Pacific slope from southern Sonora to Michoacán, in interior from Zacatecas to Oaxaca, and less commonly on Atlantic slope from Tamaulipas to Oaxaca, and in southern Baja California",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723816","bkhgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhgro","avibase-824361E5",null,null,"Tableland, Temiscaltipec [= Temascaltepec, Mexico], Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/454/mode/1up","Guiraca melanocephalus"],["32265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus melanocephalus maculatus","(Audubon, 1837)","The Birds of America; from original drawings 4, no.75 pl.373, fig.2-4",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds mountains of southwestern British Columbia to northern Baja California; winters southern Baja California and from southern Sonora southward to at least Jalisco and Michoacán (western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0BE7D5E2",null,null,"Columbia River, Oregon.",null,"https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/384/","Fringilla maculata"],["32266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern British Columbia to Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and southern Mexican Plateau; winters in central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6763C5EC",null,null,"Tableland, Temiscaltipec [= Temascaltepec, Mexico], Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/454/mode/1up","Guiraca melanocephalus"],["32267","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus chrysopeplus","(Vigors, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.4","Yellow Grosbeak","Yellow Grosbeak","Yellow Grosbeak",null,null,"drier forest types and clearings from lowlands to mountains, Pacific slope of Mexico from central Sinaloa southward through west-central Guatemala; repeated vagrancy to southwestern USA",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723799","yelgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelgro","avibase-F600592A",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to San Blas, Nayarit, by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 480.","Description of a species from Valaparaiso, Chili, apparently new to science.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/208/mode/1up","Coccothraustes chrysopeplus"],["32268","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus chrysopeplus dilutus","Van Rossem, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77, no.7 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora, southwestern Chihuahua, and northern Sinaloa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FCC2E853",null,null,"La Trompa, Chihuahua, Mexico.","Critical notes on Middle American Birds. C. A systematic report on the Brewster collection of Mexican Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25378#page/525/mode/1up","Pheucticus chrysopeplus dilutus"],["32269","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus chrysopeplus chrysopeplus","(Vigors, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Mexico (Sinaloa to Guerrero and southwestern Puebla)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF9A7107",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to San Blas, Nayarit, by van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 480.","Description of a species from Valaparaiso, Chili, apparently new to science.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/208/mode/1up","Coccothraustes chrysopeplus"],["32270","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus chrysopeplus aurantiacus","Salvin & Godman, 1891","Ibis ser.6, vol.3, no.10 p.272",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to central Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFBAC882",null,null,"Volcán de Santa Maria, near Quezaltenango, Guatemala.","On a new Finch of the Genus Pheucticus, from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55012#page/304/mode/1up","Pheucticus aurantiacus"],["32271","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus tibialis","Lawrence, 1867","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.478","Black-thighed Grosbeak","Black-thighed Grosbeak","Black-thighed Grosbeak",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723807","bltgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltgro1","avibase-88213AF2",null,null,"Eervantes [= Cervantes] , Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/498/mode/1up","Pheucticus tibialis"],["32272","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus chrysogaster","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.204 pl.67","Golden Grosbeak","Golden Grosbeak","Golden Grosbeak",null,null,"humid montane scrub and woodland, dry forest, gardens and fields in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and Sierra de Perijá; in the Andes from southern Colombia to southern Peru, and in the Pacific lowlands from northwestern Ecuador southward to southwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723803","gobgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobgro1","avibase-B653A80B",null,null,"Chile ; error, Quito, Ecuador substituted by Hellmayr and Seilern, 1915, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 160.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/338/mode/1up","Pitylus chrysogaster"],["32273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus chrysogaster laubmanni","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1915","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 Heft2 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Colombia to coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6ABB31F2",null,null,"Galipán, 2,000 m., Cerro del Avila, Dept. Federal, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/212/mode/1up","Pheucticus chrysopeplus laubmanni"],["32274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus chrysogaster chrysogaster","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.204 pl.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to Ecuador and southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-079C8D5C",null,null,"Chile ; error, Quito, Ecuador substituted by Hellmayr and Seilern, 1915, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 160.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/338/mode/1up","Pitylus chrysogaster"],["32275","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus aureoventris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.84","Black-backed Grosbeak","Black-backed Grosbeak","Black-backed Grosbeak",null,null,"arid scrub and woodland, gardens, and fields in the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the eastern Andes of Colombia and the central Andes from central Colombia southward to south-central Ecuador, and in the Andes from north-central Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to northwestern Argentina; southern populations migrate northward to the Chaco region of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and south-central Brazil (northward to northern Mato Grosso and eastward to São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723810","blbgro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbgro2","avibase-488CD1D8",null,null,"Yungas, Sicasica, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla (P. [itylus]) aureo ventris"],["32276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus aureoventris meridensis","Riley, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.220",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EAD2954",null,null,"Pedregosa, 2,500 m., Mérida, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/240/mode/1up","Pheucticus uropygialis meridensis"],["32277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus aureoventris uropygialis","Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.840",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E2C21C3",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of five new Species of Birds from the United States of Columbia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/970/mode/1up","Pheucticus uropygialis"],["32278","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus aureoventris crissalis","Sclater & Salvin, 1877","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877, pt.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-37CC558F",null,null,"Riobamba and Sical, Ecuador.","Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90436#page/23/mode/1up","Pheucticus crissalis"],["32279","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus aureoventris terminalis","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Amazonas and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC736A88",null,null,"San Miguel Bridge, 5,000 ft., Urubamba Canyon, Cuzco, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/302/mode/1up","Pheucticus uropygialis terminalis"],["32280","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Pheucticus aureoventris aureoventris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Peru (Puno) to eastern Bolivia, northern Paraguay, western Brazil, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4C46D208",null,null,"Yungas, Sicasica, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla (P. [itylus]) aureo ventris"],["32281","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Granatellus venustus [Du Bus]; type by monotypy = Granatellus venustus Bonaparte, 1850  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/490/mode/1up","Granatellus"],["32282","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus pelzelni","Sclater, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.606 pl.37 fig.1","Rose-breasted Chat","Rose-breasted Chat","Rose-breasted Chat","2026-034","The treatment of <em>Granatellus paraensis</em> as a species separate from <em>G. pelzelni </em>is upheld (see also issue 2025-0579), based on small but consistent differences in plumage, morphology, and vocalizations, and supported by genetics (contra Remsen 2024h). In particular, songs of <em>pelzelni</em> are simpler and more uniform than those of <em>paraensis</em>, <em>paraensis</em> has a unique female song-type not recorded in <em>pelzelni</em>, and the distinctive 'jrt' call of <em>paraensis</em> is also lacking in <em>pelzelni</em>. However, male songs of <em>paraensis</em> are somewhat similar to <em>pelzelni</em> and a formal bioacoustic analysis comparing male and female vocalizations will be needed to further affirm this split.","semi-deciduous to humid forest in the Orinoco basin and the Guiana Shield in southern and eastern Venezuela, easternmost Colombia and the Guianas southward in central and Amazonian Brazil (west of the lower Rio Tocantins), and northern Bolivia; also isolated in the western Amazon basin in eastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804346","robcha2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robcha2","avibase-A44E7CC9",null,null,"Destaramento do Ribeirao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/708/mode/1up","Granatellus pelzelni"],["32283","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus paraensis","Rothschild, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.81","Rose-bellied Chat","Rose-bellied Chat","Rose-bellied Chat","2026-034","The treatment of <em>Granatellus paraensis</em> as a species separate from <em>G. pelzelni </em>is upheld (see also issue 2025-0579), based on small but consistent differences in plumage, morphology, and vocalizations, and supported by genetics (contra Remsen 2024h). In particular, songs of <em>pelzelni</em> are simpler and more uniform than those of <em>paraensis</em>, <em>paraensis</em> has a unique female song-type not recorded in <em>pelzelni</em>, and the distinctive 'jrt' call of <em>paraensis</em> is also lacking in <em>pelzelni</em>. However, male songs of <em>paraensis</em> are somewhat similar to <em>pelzelni</em> and a formal bioacoustic analysis comparing male and female vocalizations will be needed to further affirm this split.","tropical northern Brazil east of the lower Tocantins River (eastern Pará and Maranhão)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103804365","robcha3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robcha3","avibase-5DABDBB9",null,null,"[Santo Antônio do] Prata, near Pará, Brazil.","On two new subspecies of the genera Granatellus and Eulabeornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/107/mode/1up","Granatellus pelzelni paraensis"],["32284","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus venustus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.312","Red-breasted Chat","Red-breasted Chat",null,"2025-0578","Taxon <em>francescae</em> is treated as a subspecies of <em>Granatellus venustus,</em> as the evidentiary basis for a split is weak. Plumage differences are minor and the lack of a black breast band is not diagnostic (Grant 1965; Gómez de Silva et al. 2020). Data on vocal and genetic differentiation would be informative.","semiarid thorn forest of lowlands and foothills of Pacific slope from central Sinaloa to far northwestern Guatemala, and María Madre (Tres Marías Islands west of Nayarit)",null,null,null,"rebcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rebcha1","avibase-7A55B797",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Comitan, Chiapas, by van Rossem, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53, p. 14.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/490/mode/1up","Granatellus venustus"],["32285","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus venustus francescae","Baird, 1865","Review of American birds, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution 1 p.232, 231 (in key)",null,null,null,null,null,"María Madre (Tres Marías Islands off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A3C7DD43",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands, off western Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/116904#page/244/mode/1up","Granatellus franciscae"],["32286","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus venustus venustus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.312",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (northern Sinaloa to Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF14C445",null,null,"Mexico; restricted to Comitan, Chiapas, by van Rossem, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53, p. 14.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/490/mode/1up","Granatellus venustus"],["32287","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus sallaei","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.957","Grey-throated Chat","Gray-throated Chat","Grey-throated Chat",null,null,"lowland forest and edge of Caribbean slope from southern Veracruz and Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel) to northern Guatemala and southern Belize",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722065","grtcha1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grtcha1","avibase-695C0322",null,null,"southern Mexico; type from Córdoba, Veracruz, fide van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 77, p. 404.","Note sur les Tableaux des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/967/mode/1up","Setophaga sallaei"],["32288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus sallaei sallaei","(Bonaparte, 1856)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.957",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, eastern Oaxaca, and northern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C6EFD6F",null,null,"southern Mexico; type from Córdoba, Veracruz, fide van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 77, p. 404.","Note sur les Tableaux des Gallinacés.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/967/mode/1up","Setophaga sallaei"],["32289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Granatellus sallaei boucardi","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 8, no.476 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) to Belize and eastern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3052596A",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52770#page/37/mode/1up","Granatellus sallaei boucardi"],["32290","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Spiza","Bonaparte, 1824","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4, pt.1 p.45,text",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza americana [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1827, Specchio Comp. Ornith. Roma Filadelfia, p. 47).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79352#page/55/mode/1up","Spiza"],["32291","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Spiza americana","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.872","Dickcissel","Dickcissel","Dickcissel",null,null,"breeds eastern North America; winters to southern Mexico to northern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723796","dickci","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dickci","avibase-592E58CE",null,null,"New York.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/373/mode/1up","Emberiza americana"],["32292","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyrrhula glaucocaerulea [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 105).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/774/mode/1up","Cyanoloxia"],["32293","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia cyanoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.74","Blue-black Grosbeak","Blue-black Grosbeak","Blue-black Grosbeak",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico slope in southeastern Mexico southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America and the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, eastward in northern Venezuela to the coastal mountains; in interior Colombia southward to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and west of the Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103810895","bubgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubgro1","avibase-BD833C24",null,null,"Panama.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/82/mode/1up","Coccoborus cyanoides"],["32294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia cyanoides concreta","Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2856E2D",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/166/mode/1up","Cyanoloxia concreta"],["32295","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia cyanoides caerulescens","(Todd, 1923)","The Auk 40, no.1 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"Nicaragua to Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BD9C22E",null,null,"Esparta, Costa Rica. Preoccupied by Tanagra caerulescens Wied, 1830.","A review of the genus Cyanocompsa.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol40/iss1/4/","Cyanocompsa cyanoides caerulescens"],["32296","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia cyanoides cyanoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama southward, west of the Andes, to far northwestern Peru (Tumbes and Piura), and eastward across northern Colombia (southward to Norte de Santander) and northwestern and northern Venezuela (to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55400A95",null,null,"Panama.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/82/mode/1up","Coccoborus cyanoides"],["32297","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia rothschildii","(Bartlett, 1890)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.6, vol.6, no.32 p.168-169","Amazonian Grosbeak","Amazonian Grosbeak","Amazonian Grosbeak",null,null,"eastern Colombia (northward at least to western Meta) to southern and northeastern Venezuela (northward to Sucre) eastward to the Guianas, and southward through Amazonia to central Bolivia (western and northern Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103810991","bubgro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubgro2","avibase-2D827450",null,null,"Caramang River, British Guiana.","XVIII. On a new Species of Guiraca.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63336#page/190/mode/1up","Guiraca rothschildii"],["32298","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.85","Glaucous-blue Grosbeak","Glaucous-blue Grosbeak","Glaucous-blue Grosbeak",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723912","glbgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glbgro1","avibase-6954E4BE",null,null,"Maldonado, Uruguay.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/201/mode/1up","Fringilla (P. [yrrhula]) glauco-cærulea"],["32299","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia brissonii","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.22","Ultramarine Grosbeak","Ultramarine Grosbeak","Ultramarine Grosbeak",null,null,"arid to semiarid scrub, dry forest, woodland and thickets in northern Venezuela, the upper ríos Cauca, Dagua, and Patía valleys of Colombia, and the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to northern Argentina, including the Chaco westward to eastern Bolivia, and dry Andean valleys of central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723932","ultgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ultgro1","avibase-7B852242",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/42/mode/1up","Fringilla brissonii"],["32300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia brissonii caucae","(Chapman, 1912)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (valleys of upper Río Patía, upper Cauca, and Dagua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8BF09D2",null,null,"La Manuelita, 3,500 ft., near Palmira, Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Cyanocompsa cyanea caucae"],["32301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia brissonii minor","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Falcón to Lara, Sucre, and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FDA3656",null,null,"Caracas, Venezuela.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Jahrgang 1860, S. 401-416.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/18/mode/1up","Cyanocompsa minor"],["32302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia brissonii brissonii","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Piauí and Ceará to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99848098",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/42/mode/1up","Fringilla brissonii"],["32303","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia brissonii sterea","(Oberholser, 1901)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 14 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to eastern and southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-17CAA6FE",null,null,"Sapucay, Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23957#page/206/mode/1up","Cyanocompsa sterea"],["32304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanoloxia brissonii argentina","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz southward to Tarija) to Chaco of Paraguay, western Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9634CA30",null,null,"Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca ; Cosquin, Córdoba; Salta; and Tucumán, Argentina; type from Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 102.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/93/mode/1up","Guiraca argentina"],["32305","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Amaurospiza","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.3",null,null,null,"2025-0594","New generic limits for the Thraupidae (based on Burns et al. 2014, 2016) are adopted except that <em>rustica </em>is placed in <em>Haplospiza </em>rather than <em>Spodiornis</em>. Although this renders <em>Haplospiza </em>as non-monophyletic based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Burns et al. 2014, 2016), similarities in plumage, their bamboo-specialist ecology, and song types align <em>H. rustica</em> with <em>H. unicolor</em>; broader genomic and taxon sampling is needed to better define generic limits within this group, which also includes <em>Acanthidops </em>and <em>Geospizopsis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Amaurospiza concolor [Cabanis, 1861]; type by original designation",null,"Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/17/mode/1up","Amaurospiza"],["32306","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Amaurospiza concolor","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.3","Blue Seedeater","Blue Seedeater",null,"2025-0584","Taxon <em>aequatorialis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Amaurospiza concolor</em> based on genetic evidence of paraphyly (Scott 2022; Areta et al. 2023), supported by minor plumage differences. Taxon <em>relicta</em>, sometimes treated as specifically distinct, shows low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Areta et al. 2023) and is maintained as a subspecies of <em>A. concolor</em> pending further research on vocal and genetic variation in this complex.","montane bamboo thickets and humid forest on Pacific slope from southern Jalisco (west-central Mexico) discontinuously through Mexico and to Caribbean slope in Belize, southward to western Panama; nomadic",null,null,null,"blusee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blusee1","avibase-49B3835D",null,null,"Costa Rica ; restricted to Miravalles, Costa Rica, by Griscom, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 414.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Jahrgang 1860, S. 401-416.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/17/mode/1up","Amaurospiza concolor"],["32307","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Amaurospiza concolor relicta","(Griscom, 1934)","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (southern Jalisco to Guerrero, Morelos, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F4E1FD9",null,null,"mountains above Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/472/mode/1up","Amaurospizopsis relictus"],["32308","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Amaurospiza concolor concolor","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A6CD2CA",null,null,"Costa Rica ; restricted to Miravalles, Costa Rica, by Griscom, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 414.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. Jahrgang 1860, S. 401-416.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/17/mode/1up","Amaurospiza concolor"],["32309","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Amaurospiza aequatorialis","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.157","Ecuadorian Seedeater","Ecuadorian Seedeater",null,"2025-0584","Taxon <em>aequatorialis </em>is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>Amaurospiza concolor</em> based on genetic evidence of paraphyly (Scott 2022; Areta et al. 2023), supported by minor plumage differences. Taxon <em>relicta</em>, sometimes treated as specifically distinct, shows low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Areta et al. 2023) and is maintained as a subspecies of <em>A. concolor</em> pending further research on vocal and genetic variation in this complex.","mountains of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,"blusee4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blusee4","avibase-9551017F",null,null,"Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/177/mode/1up","Amaurospiza aequatorialis"],["32310","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Amaurospiza moesta","(Hartlaub, 1853)","Journal für Ornithologie 1, no.1 p.36","Blackish-blue Seedeater","Blackish-blue Seedeater",null,null,null,"locally from southeastern Paraguay to eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,"blbsee3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbsee3","avibase-87CC9A17",null,null,"Brazil.","Beiträge zur exotischen Ornithologie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49195#page/48/mode/1up","Sporophila moesta"],["32311","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Amaurospiza carrizalensis","Lentino & Restall, 2003","The Auk 120, no.3 p.601-606, inside cover","Carrizal Seedeater","Carrizal Seedeater",null,null,null,"northern Venezuela (lower Río Caroni in Bolívar)",null,null,null,"carsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/carsee1","avibase-6587A0E6",null,null,"Isla Carrizal, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, elevation 95 m, 07 54’N, 63 04’W, collected 25 July 2001","A new species of Amaurospiza blue seedeater from Venezuela","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/120/3/600/5562292","Amaurospiza carrizalensis"],["32312","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanocompsa","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla parellina [Lichtenstein]; type by original designation = Cyanoloxia parellina Bonaparte, 1850  ",null,"Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/18/mode/1up","Cyanocompsa"],["32313","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanocompsa parellina","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.502","Blue Bunting","Blue Bunting","Blue Bunting",null,null,"drier woodland and thickets from lowlands to foothills of central Sinaloa and central Nuevo León through Mexico including Yucatan Peninsula (but not Cozumel), southward to northern Nicaragua; repeated vagrancy to southern Texas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723926","blubun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blubun","avibase-C65A1784",null,null,"Alvarado, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/774/mode/1up","Cyanoloxia parellina"],["32314","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanocompsa parellina beneplacita","Bangs, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.126",null,null,null,null,null,"Nuevo León and far western Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0966D2B8",null,null,"Santa Leonor, Tamaulipas Mexico.","Three new subspecies of birds from eastern Mexico and Yucatan.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/162/mode/1up","Cyanocompsa parellina beneplacita"],["32315","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanocompsa parellina indigotica","(Ridgway, 1887)","A manual of North American birds p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"Sinaloa to Isthmus of Tehuántepec (Pacific slope of Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-31C43097",null,null,"Manzanillo Bay, Colima, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/469/mode/1up","Passerina parellina indigotica"],["32316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanocompsa parellina lucida","Sutton & Burleigh, 1939","The Auk 56, no.1 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"interior southern Tamaulipas (eastern-central Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD18AB1F",null,null,"Arroyo de la Presa, 6 mi. north Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.","A new Blue Bunting from Tamaulipas.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol56/iss1/10/","Cyanocompsa parellina lucida"],["32317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cyanocompsa parellina parellina","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.502",null,null,null,null,null,"Oaxaca, Veracruz, and eastern Puebla (southern Mexico) through Yucatan Peninsula to northwestern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADCF6277",null,null,"Alvarado, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/774/mode/1up","Cyanoloxia parellina"],["32318","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra cyanea [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 46).   ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f36.item","Passerina"],["32319","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina cyanea","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.315","Indigo Bunting","Indigo Bunting","Indigo Bunting",null,null,"breeds Canada and USA; winters to Greater Antilles, Colombia, and Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723951","indbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indbun","avibase-043F337A",null,null,"Carolina ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 316. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/319/mode/1up","Tanagra cyanea"],["32320","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina amoena","(Say, 1822)","Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party 2 p.47,note","Lazuli Bunting","Lazuli Bunting","Lazuli Bunting",null,null,"breeds southern British Columbia to northwestern Baja California and western Texas; winters in Mexico",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723948","lazbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lazbun","avibase-9F67F3AF",null,null,"Rocky Mountains, source of the Arkansas [=near Canyon City, Colorado, fide Amer. Ornith. Union, 1910, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 285] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124315#page/59/mode/1up","Emberiza amoena"],["32321","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.175","Blue Grosbeak","Blue Grosbeak","Blue Grosbeak",null,null,"breeds southern and central USA to northwestern Costa Rica; northern populations winter southward to Panama and the Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723939","blugrb1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blugrb1","avibase-A7A75EA1",null,null,"Carolina ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 315.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/194/mode/1up","Loxia caerulea"],["32322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea caerulea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.175",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern USA; winters to Panama and Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E27D44B",null,null,"Carolina ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 315.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/194/mode/1up","Loxia caerulea"],["32323","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea interfusa","(Dwight & Griscom, 1927)","American Museum Novitates no.257 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA to northeastern Baja California and northwestern Mexico; winters to Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BE89FAB",null,null,"Fort Lowell, Arizona.","A revision of the geographical races of the blue grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4104/","Guiraca caerulea interfusa"],["32324","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea salicaria","(Grinnell, 1911)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.163",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds north-central California and western Nevada to northwestern Baja; winters to Guerrero",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC6B7681",null,null,"Santa Ana River bottom, near Colton, San Bernardino County, California.","A new Blue Grosbeak from California.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/191/mode/1up","Guiraca caerulea salicarius"],["32325","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea eurhyncha","(Coues, 1874)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 8, no.9 p.563",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Coahuila to Nuevo León, southern Tamaulipas, and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85CD913C",null,null,"Mexico.","New Variety of Blue Grosbeak","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129226#page/573/mode/1up","Guiraca coerulea eurhyncha"],["32326","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea chiapensis","(Nelson, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.61, fig. 14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas and adjacent Oaxaca) to Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-45A31AA4",null,null,"Ocozocuautla [= Ocozocoautla] , Chiapas, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/83/mode/1up","Guiraca chiapensis"],["32327","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea deltarhyncha","(Van Rossem, 1938)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (southern Sinaloa and Durango to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2FFA8E8F",null,null,"Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.","Descriptions of twenty-one new races of Fringillidae and Icteridae from Mexico and Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125354#page/171/mode/1up","Guiraca caerulea deltarhyncha"],["32328","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina caerulea lazula","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.174-175",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras to Nicaragua and Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2B4C075",null,null,"'San Carlos (Centre Amérique)' [= La Union, Gulf of Fonseca, El Salvador].","Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio collectae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/184/mode/1up","Pitylus lazulus"],["32329","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina rositae","(Lawrence, 1874)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10 p.397","Rose-bellied Bunting","Rose-bellied Bunting","Rose-bellied Bunting",null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Mexico (Oaxaca and far southwestern Chiapas)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723960","robbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/robbun1","avibase-00634D72",null,null,"Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; type from Cacoprieto, fide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 601.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/417/mode/1up","Cyanospiza rositae"],["32330","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina leclancherii","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.260","Orange-breasted Bunting","Orange-breasted Bunting","Orange-breasted Bunting",null,null,"semiarid deciduous and thorn forest of lowlands to foothills from southern Jalisco to western Chiapas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723963","orbbun1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbbun1","avibase-FCD5D1E4",null,null,"Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux tuées et rapportées par M. Léclancher, chirurgien de la marine, embarqué sur la Vénus, dans son dernier voyage de circumnavigation.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/270/mode/1up","Passerina leclancherii"],["32331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina leclancherii grandior","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.420",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Jalisco to Michoacán, Guerrero, southern Puebla, and Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D46B4132",null,null,"Chivela, Oaxaca, Mexico.","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/480/mode/1up","Passerina lechlancheri grandior"],["32332","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina leclancherii leclancherii","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Mexico (central Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6F55C36",null,null,"Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.","Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux tuées et rapportées par M. Léclancher, chirurgien de la marine, embarqué sur la Vénus, dans son dernier voyage de circumnavigation.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/270/mode/1up","Passerina leclancherii"],["32333","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina ciris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179","Painted Bunting","Painted Bunting","Painted Bunting",null,null,"breeds southern USA and northern Mexico; winters to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Yucatan Peninsula, and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723957","paibun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paibun","avibase-0BDB87DE",null,null,"not farther than 50 miles from the sea, Carolina; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 316.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza ciris"],["32334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina ciris ciris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds coastal southeastern USA; winters to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Yucatan Peninsula",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05771DD5",null,null,"not farther than 50 miles from the sea, Carolina; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 316.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza ciris"],["32335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina ciris pallidior","Mearns, 1911","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA and northern Mexico; winters to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D6CEEFF6",null,null,"Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas.","Description of a new subspecies of the painted bunting from the interior of Texas.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23914#page/253/mode/1up","Passerina ciris pallidior"],["32336","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina versicolor","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.120","Varied Bunting","Varied Bunting","Varied Bunting",null,null,"semiarid bush often near watercourses, to foothills; breeds from southeastern Arizona eastward to western Texas (southwestern USA) and throughout Mexico including southern Baja California (but excluding Yucatan Peninsula) southward to southern Guatemala; winter withdrawal from northern part of range",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723954","varbun","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varbun","avibase-1680EFDE",null,null,"near Temascaltepec, Mexico.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/292/mode/1up","Spiza versicolor"],["32337","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina versicolor versicolor","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.120",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas to southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-21E14B70",null,null,"near Temascaltepec, Mexico.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/292/mode/1up","Spiza versicolor"],["32338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina versicolor dickeyae","Van Rossem, 1934","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.369",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Arizona to western Mexico (Sonora to western Durango, Jalisco, and Colima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A93775B8",null,null,"Chinobampo, southern Sonora, Mexico.","A north-western race of the Varied Bunting.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/453/mode/1up","Passerina versicolor dickeyae"],["32339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina versicolor pulchra","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.448",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A059BDBF",null,null,"Miraflores, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/470/mode/1up","Passerina versicolor pulchra"],["32340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Passerina versicolor purpurascens","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to central Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11CD205D",null,null,"Progreso, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight Collection of Guatemala Birds, III.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Passerina versicolor purpurascens"],["32341","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia","Blyth, 1840","Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, Arranged according to its Organization; forming the basis for A Natural History of Animals, and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy p.184",null,null,null,"2025-1195a","The genus <em>Driophlox </em>is recognized for four species of <em>Habia </em>tanagers following Scott et al. (2024): <em>D. gutturalis</em>;<em> D. atrimaxillaris</em>;<em> D. cristata;</em> and <em>D. fuscicauda</em>. Genomic DNA analyses (Scott et al. 2022) recovered <em>Habia </em>as polyphyletic, with <em>H. rubica</em> sister to <em>Chlorothraupis,</em> rather than to the species now placed in <em>Driophlox</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra flammiceps [Temminck, 1823]; type by subsequent designation (Oberholser, 1922, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, p. 80). = Saltator rubicus Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79481#page/196/mode/1up","Habia"],["32342","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.107","Red-crowned Ant Tanager","Red-crowned Ant-Tanager","Red-crowned Ant-tanager",null,null,"humid forest from the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes of north-central Mexico southward to eastern Panama, coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and locally in the tepuis of eastern Venezuela, foothills of Sierra de Perijá, the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia southward across the western and central Amazon basin to central Bolivia and Brazil (eastward to eastern Pará west of the Rio Tocantins), and the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil southward to eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722409","rcatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rcatan1","avibase-C9041130",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/121/mode/1up","Staltator rubicus"],["32343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica holobrunnea","Griscom, 1930","Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas to Veracruz and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BB1BD4F",null,null,"Motzorongo, Vera Cruz [, Mexico].","Revision of two Central American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107543#page/332/mode/1up","Habia rubica holobrunnea"],["32344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica rosea","(Nelson, 1898)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.60",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Mexico (Nayarit and Jalisco to Guerrero)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44C0B176",null,null,"Arroyo de Juan Sanchez (50 miles north of Ixtapa, Jalisco), Territory of Tepic, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/82/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis rubicoides roseus"],["32345","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica affinis","(Nelson, 1897)","The Auk 14, no.1 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-18813E7F",null,null,"Pinotepa, Oaxaca, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Phoenicothraupis rubicoides affinis"],["32346","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica nelsoni","(Ridgway, 1902)","Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50, pt.2 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula north of southern Campeche)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-04760AD2",null,null,"Peninsula of Yucatan (Puerto Morelos [, Quintana Roo]) including Campeche (Apazote).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32361#page/171/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis rubica nelsoni"],["32347","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica rubicoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.41-42",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Puebla and eastern Veracruz) southward to El Salvador and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-043093D2",null,null,"Mexico.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/49/mode/1up","Salt[ator] rubicoides"],["32348","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica vinacea","(Lawrence, 1867)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 p.94",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica (south of Nicoya Peninsula) to eastern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-003B5847",null,null,"New Granada, line of Panama Railroad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84741#page/104/mode/1up","Phaenicothraupis vinacea"],["32349","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica alfaroana","(Ridgway, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.212",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Costa Rica (Nicoya Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C966D916",null,null,"Miravalles, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.","New genera of Tyrannidae and Turdidae, and new forms of Tanagridae and Turdidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/232/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis alfaroana"],["32350","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica perijana","Phelps & Phelps, 1957","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70, no.13 p.126-127",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0EFADF79",null,null,"Barranquilla, Rancheria Julian, Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela; 960 meters.","Description of four new Venezuelan birds, extensions of ranges to Venezuela and other notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/142/mode/1up","Habia rubica perijana"],["32351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica coccinea","(Todd, 1919)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern base of eastern Andes of north-central Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-14FCF3F9",null,null,"La Colorada, Boyacá, Colombia.","Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/139/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis rubica coccinea"],["32352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica crissalis","Parkes, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.3 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Anzoátegui to Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C98E2869",null,null,"Mirasol (3,000 feet), about 15 km. S. of Cumanacoa, Sucre, Venezuela.","Two new subspecies of the Red-crowned Ant Tanager Habia rubica from Venezuela, with remarks on Colombian populations.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/117/mode/1up","Habia rubica crissalis"],["32353","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica rubra","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3536B7AD",null,null,"Trinidad.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/381/mode/1up","Tachyphonus ruber"],["32354","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica mesopotamia","Parkes, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.3 p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela (Río Yuruán region of eastern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D91190C1",null,null,"Río Yuruan (a tributary of the Río Cuyuni), eastern Bolívar, Venezuela.","Two new subspecies of the Red-crowned Ant Tanager Habia rubica from Venezuela, with remarks on Colombian populations.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/118/mode/1up","Habia rubica mesopotamia"],["32355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica rhodinolaema","(Salvin & Godman, 1883)","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.300",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia east of the Andes to northeastern Peru and far northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6AEE4DF",null,null,"Sarayacu, [eastern] Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/350/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis rhodinolaema"],["32356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica peruviana","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 1 p.498",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru to central Bolivia and adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-074305AB",null,null,"Chayavetas, Chamicuros, Yurimaguas, and Monterico, Peru; restricted to Yurimaguas by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1070.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/508/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis peruvianus"],["32357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica hesterna","Griscom & Greenway, 1937","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 81, no.2 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil south of the Amazon River (eastward to Rio Xingu, southward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-725D7CDF",null,null,"Pataua, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Pará, Brazil.","Critical notes on new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21291#page/451/mode/1up","Habia rubica hesterna"],["32358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica bahiae","Hellmayr, 1936","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.9 p.301-302",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Brazil (Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-938CA71C",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IX. Terpsinidae-Thraupidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21244#page/315/mode/1up","Habia rubica bahiae"],["32359","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Habia rubica rubica","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C87AF200",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/121/mode/1up","Staltator rubicus"],["32360","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.297",null,null,null,"2025-1195b","<em>Chlorothraupis </em>is retained as a separate genus from <em>Habia </em>based on morphology and depth of divergence in mitochondrial-dominated and genomic DNA data (Barker et al. 2015; Scott et al. 2022).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phoenicothraupis carmioli [Lawrence, 1868]; type by subsequent designation (Ridgway, 1884, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6 (1883), p. 412).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14589#page/355/mode/1up","Chlorothraupis"],["32361","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis stolzmanni","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.546","Ochre-breasted Tanager","Ochre-breasted Tanager","Ochre-breasted Tanager",null,null,"humid lowland and foothill forest in the base of the western Andes from northwestern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722335","ocbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ocbtan1","avibase-F035F1F9",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/678/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis stolzmanni"],["32362","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis stolzmanni dugandi","Meyer de Schauensee, 1948","Notulae Naturae 209 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3311EB88",null,null,"La Selva, 7000 ft., western slope of the Western Andes, Caldas, Colombia.","Two new subspecies of birds from western Colombia.",null,"Chlorothraupis stolzmanni dugandi"],["32363","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis stolzmanni stolzmanni","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.546",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Ecuador (south to El Oro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32860E90",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/678/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis stolzmanni"],["32364","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis carmioli","(Lawrence, 1868)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9 p.100","Carmiol's Tanager","Carmiol's Tanager","Carmiol's Tanager","2025-0581","Taxon <em>frenata </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Chlorothraupis carmioli</em> based on genetics, supported by vocal and plumage differences. Genomic data (Scott 2022) indicate that <em>C. carmioli</em> is paraphyletic, with <em>frenata </em>recovered as sister to <em>C. olivacea</em>. Although formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking, vocalizations of <em>frenata </em>differ consistently from <em>carmioli </em>and are readily distinguished (Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2022), and differences in plumage, although minor, are commensurate with those between other species of <em>Chlorothraupis</em>.","forest and edge of foothills of Caribbean slope from northeastern Honduras to far northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103811314","olitan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olitan1","avibase-6C96417C",null,null,"Angostura [Costa Rica] .","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/114/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis carmioli"],["32365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis carmioli carmioli","(Lawrence, 1868)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Nicaragua to northwestern Panama (Almirante Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0788DCF3",null,null,"Angostura [Costa Rica] .","A catalogue of the birds found in Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22948#page/114/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis carmioli"],["32366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis carmioli magnirostris","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Panama (Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB94ECD4",null,null,"Santa Fé (2000 ft.), Veraguas, western Panama.","Undescribed or little-known Birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Chlorothraupis carmioli magnirostris"],["32367","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis carmioli lutescens","Griscom, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.280 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama (San Blas and Darién) to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83442B89",null,null,"Tacarcuna, eastern Panama.","Undescribed or little-known Birds from Panama.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4114/","Chlorothraupis carmioli lutescens"],["32368","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis olivacea","(Cassin, 1860)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12 p.140","Lemon-spectacled Tanager","Lemon-spectacled Tanager","Lemon-spectacled Tanager",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama (Darién) to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722330","lestan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lestan","avibase-A66397C6",null,null,"Cordilleras Mountains, on the River Truando, New Granada [= Río Truando, northwestern Colombia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17942#page/146/mode/1up","Orthogonys olivaceus"],["32369","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Chlorothraupis frenata","Berlepsch, 1907","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.349","Yellow-lored Tanager","Yellow-lored Tanager","Yellow-lored Tanager","2025-0581","Taxon <em>frenata </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Chlorothraupis carmioli</em> based on genetics, supported by vocal and plumage differences. Genomic data (Scott 2022) indicate that <em>C. carmioli</em> is paraphyletic, with <em>frenata </em>recovered as sister to <em>C. olivacea</em>. Although formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking, vocalizations of <em>frenata </em>differ consistently from <em>carmioli </em>and are readily distinguished (Ridgely &amp; Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2022), and differences in plumage, although minor, are commensurate with those between other species of <em>Chlorothraupis</em>.","tropical southern Colombia to central Bolivia (La Paz eastward to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103811345","cartan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cartan2","avibase-F455871D",null,null,"Marcapata, Peru.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/377/mode/1up","Chlorothraupis carmioli frenata"],["32370","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Periporphyrus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxvii",null,null,null,"2025-0582","Two species are recognized within <em>Caryothraustes </em>(<em>poliogaster </em>and <em>canadensis</em>), with <em>celaeno </em>and <em>erythromelas </em>placed in <em>Periporphyrus </em>based on the deep genetic divergences within an expanded <em>Caryothraustes </em>(Klicka et al. 2014; Barker et al. 2015). Although <em>celaeno </em>is sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Rhodothraupis</em>, similarities in plumage, vocalizations, behavior, and habitat suggest that it is better placed in <em>Periporphyrus</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Loxia erythromelas [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 75).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/179/mode/1up","Periporphyrus"],["32371","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Periporphyrus erythromelas","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.859","Red-and-black Grosbeak","Red-and-black Grosbeak","Red-and-black Grosbeak",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and eastern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723843","rabgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rabgro1","avibase-34DC985D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/514/mode/1up","Loxia erythromelas"],["32372","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Periporphyrus celaeno","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2","Crimson-collared Grosbeak","Crimson-collared Grosbeak","Crimson-collared Grosbeak","2025-0582","Two species are recognized within <em>Caryothraustes </em>(<em>poliogaster </em>and <em>canadensis</em>), with <em>celaeno </em>and <em>erythromelas </em>placed in <em>Periporphyrus </em>based on the deep genetic divergences within an expanded <em>Caryothraustes </em>(Klicka et al. 2014; Barker et al. 2015). Although <em>celaeno </em>is sometimes placed in the monospecific genus <em>Rhodothraupis</em>, similarities in plumage, vocalizations, behavior, and habitat suggest that it is better placed in <em>Periporphyrus</em>.","eastern Mexico (Nuevo León to northern Veracruz and northeastern Puebla)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723840","crcgro","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crcgro","avibase-CCDEDA82",null,null,"Mexico; type from Papantla, Veracruz, vide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Tanagra Celaeno"],["32373","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxviii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coccothraustes viridis [Vieillot, 1817]; type by subsequent designation (Sclater & Salvin, 1869, Exotic Ornith., p. 167). = Loxia canadensis Linnaeus, 1766  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/181/mode/1up","Caryothraustes"],["32374","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes poliogaster","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.105","Black-faced Grosbeak","Black-faced Grosbeak","Black-faced Grosbeak",null,null,"forest and edge of lowlands and foothills of Caribbean slope from central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) southward (including eastern Yucatan Peninsula) through central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723828","blfgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blfgro1","avibase-148C2DD2",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/751/mode/1up","Pitylus poliogaster"],["32375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes poliogaster poliogaster","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 14, pt.2 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to Guatemala and northern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A83B9F9",null,null,"Guatemala.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53670#page/751/mode/1up","Pitylus poliogaster"],["32376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes poliogaster scapularis","(Ridgway, 1888)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.665 p.586",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua to Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-720B8A51",null,null,"Hacienda 'Los Sabalos,' Río San Juan, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/600/mode/1up","Pitylus poliogaster scapularis"],["32377","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.304","Yellow-green Grosbeak","Yellow-green Grosbeak","Yellow-green Grosbeak",null,null,"humid forest and borders in Cerro Pirre of easternmost Panama and in the Guiana Shield and Orinoco basin from eastern and southern Venezuela, easternmost Colombia, and the Guianas southward to the Amazon basin of northeastern Brazil, to eastern Amazonas and eastward to northeastern Brazil in Maranhão and western Piaui; also in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco southward to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723831","yeggro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yeggro1","avibase-0239BBFC",null,null,"'Canada,' lapsus for 'Cayenne,' vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 46.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/308/mode/1up","Loxia canadensis"],["32378","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes canadensis simulans","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.16",null,null,null,null,null,"Cerro Pirre (eastern Darién, eastern Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C810D0D3",null,null,"Cana, 3,000 ft, Darien, Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/58/mode/1up","Caryothraustes canadensis simulans"],["32379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes canadensis canadensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.304",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (Vaupés), southern Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro), the Guianas, and northern Brazil (eastern Amazonas and northern Pará eastward to northern Piauí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-482D92C4",null,null,"'Canada,' lapsus for 'Cayenne,' vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 46.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/308/mode/1up","Loxia canadensis"],["32380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes canadensis frontalis","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Ceará, Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BF40552",null,null,"São Lourenco, 28 to 60 m., Pernambuco, Brazil.","Notes on a collection of birds, made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Parà, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/291/mode/1up","Pitylus canadensis frontalis"],["32381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Caryothraustes canadensis brasiliensis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Bahia and eastern Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3ABC0707",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/160/mode/1up","Caryothraustes brasiliensis"],["32382","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Cardinalis virginianus [Bonaparte, 1838]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 43). = Loxia cardinalis Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,"Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/283/mode/1up","Cardinalis"],["32383","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis phoeniceus","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.111","Vermilion Cardinal","Vermilion Cardinal","Vermilion Cardinal",null,null,"Caribbean littoral of northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela (including Isla Margarita)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723822","vercar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vercar1","avibase-5FAF3F1B",null,null,"'the country south of the Bay of Honduras'  (error); type from Venezuela, fide Hartert, 1919, Novit. Zool, 26, p. 155.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/283/mode/1up","Cardinalis phoeniceus"],["32384","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis sinuatus","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.111","Pyrrhuloxia","Pyrrhuloxia","Pyrrhuloxia",null,null,"arid to semiarid riparian areas in lowlands to mountains from southern Arizona to southern Texas and southward to southern Baja California, Jalisco, Michoacan, and southern Tamaulipas (north-central Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723825","pyrrhu","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pyrrhu","avibase-DE21A6BE",null,null,"western parts of Mexico.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/283/mode/1up","Cardinalis sinuatus"],["32385","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis sinuatus sinuatus","Bonaparte, 1838","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern New Mexico to southeastern Texas and northeastern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DFEDBDA7",null,null,"western parts of Mexico.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/283/mode/1up","Cardinalis sinuatus"],["32386","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis sinuatus fulvescens","(Van Rossem, 1934)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"arid southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico (Sonora to northern Nayarit)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D471D969",null,null,"Fort Lowell, Arizona.","Notes on some types of North American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/440/mode/1up","Pyrrhuloxia sinuata fulvescens"],["32387","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis sinuatus peninsulae","(Ridgway, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.4 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,"Baja California (south of latitude 27°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A72D2A19",null,null,"San Jose, Baja California.","Description of Two New Races of Pyrrhuloxia sinuata Bonap..","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss4/23/","Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsulae"],["32388","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.172","Northern Cardinal","Northern Cardinal","Northern Cardinal",null,null,"forest edges, shrubland, woodland, marsh edges, hedgerows, and fields in eastern North America, from southeastern Canada southward to southern Florida, and along the Gulf of Mexico coast to the Yucatan Peninsula southward to northern Belize and northern Guatemala; in North America westward to south-central Canada and north-central US in Minnesota, and southward to Arizona, northwestern Mexico and southern Baja California; also in the Pacific coast (including nearby island groups) southward to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723819","norcar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/norcar","avibase-4E74AE22",null,null,"northern America ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 312.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/191/mode/1up","Loxia cardinalis"],["32389","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern USA and southeastern Canada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A43B7332",null,null,"northern America ; restricted to South Carolina by Amer. Ornith. Union, 1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 312.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/191/mode/1up","Loxia cardinalis"],["32390","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis floridanus","Ridgway, 1896","A manual of North American birds. 2nd ed. ed. 2 p.606",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Georgia and peninsular Florida",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72EF46E0",null,null,"Enterprise, Florida.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44406#page/630/mode/1up","Cardinalis cardinalis floridanus"],["32391","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis magnirostris","Bangs, 1903","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Texas and southern Louisiana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E0F0553",null,null,"West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana.","The Louisiana Cardinal.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45440#page/16/mode/1up","Cardinalis cardinalis magnirostris"],["32392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus","Chapman, 1891","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3, no.2, art.22 p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"western Oklahoma and western Texas to east-central Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F6239857",null,null,"30 miles west of Corpus Christi, Texas.","On the birds observed near Corpus Christi, Texas, during parts of March and April, 1891","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/849","Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus"],["32393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis coccineus","Ridgway, 1873","The American Journal of Science and Arts ser.3, vol.5, no.25 p.39,footnote",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (eastern San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, northeastern Puebla, and northern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34BE6B03",null,null,"Atlantic coast of middle America from Xalapa to Honduras; Yucatan; restricted to Hacienda Mirador, near Veracruz.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113395#page/47/mode/1up","Cardinalis virginianus coccineus"],["32394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis littoralis","Nelson, 1897","The Auk 14, no.1 p.64-65",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Mexico (southern Veracruz and Tabasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7030A240",null,null,"Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico.","Preliminary descriptions of new birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol14/iss1/7/","Cardinalis cardinalis littoralis"],["32395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis yucatanicus","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.443",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula except north coastal strip)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-138EB379",null,null,"Mérida, Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103568#page/465/mode/1up","Cardinalis cardinalis yucatanicus"],["32396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis phillipsi","Parkes, 1997","The era of Allan R. Phillips: a festschrift p.133",null,null,null,null,null,"north coastal Yucatan Peninsula (southeastern Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-917470CA",null,null,"4 km E of Chicxulub Puerto, Yucatán, Mexico, 20 November 1965, by Allan R. Phillips","The Northern Cardinals of the Caribbean slope of Mexico, with the description of an additional subspecies from Yucatan. Pp. 129-138 See p. 133.","https://web.archive.org/web/20240217030552/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/Parkes.pdf","Cardinalis cardinalis phillipsi"],["32397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis flammiger","Peters, 1913","The Auk 30, no.3 p.380",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (southern Quintana Roo), Belize, and northern Guatemala (Petén)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3788E185",null,null,"Xcopen, Quintana Roo, Mexico.","List of birds collected in the territory of Quintana Roo, Mexico, in the winter and spring of 1912.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol30/iss3/3/","Cardinalis cardinalis flammiger"],["32398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis saturatus","Ridgway, 1885","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D9CD0814",null,null,"Cozumel Island, Yucatan [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/380/mode/1up","Cardinalis saturatus"],["32399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis superbus","Ridgway, 1885","The Auk 2, no.4 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern California to Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northern Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32A6DB6A",null,null,"Fuller's Ranch [, a few miles east of Camp Lowell], Arizona.","Description of a new Cardinal Grosbeak from Arizona.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol2/iss4/5/","Cardinalis cardinalis superbus"],["32400","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis seftoni","(Huey, 1940)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 p.216",null,null,null,null,null,"central Baja California (south to latitude 27°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-317DFA26",null,null,"Santa Gertrudis Mission, Baja California.","A new Cardinal from central Lower California, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28521#page/234/mode/1up","Richmondena cardinalis seftoni"],["32401","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis igneus","Baird, 1860","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 11 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Baja California (north to latitude 27°N)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFCAFFCE",null,null,"Cape San Lucas, Baja California.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17656#page/325/mode/1up","Cardinalis igneus"],["32402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis clintoni","(Banks, 1963)","Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 37 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Cerralvo (Gulf of California)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B6A1F018",null,null,"Cerralvo Island, Baja California, Mexico.","New birds from Cerralvo Island, Baja California, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22389#page/4/mode/1up","Richmondena cardinalis clintoni"],["32403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis townsendi","(Van Rossem, 1932)","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Tiburón (Gulf of California) and adjacent coastal Sonora",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34F7BA8B",null,null,"south end of Tiburon Island, Sonora.","The avifauna of Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of four new races.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/182/mode/1up","Richmondena cardinalis townsendi"],["32404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis affinis","Nelson, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southeastern Sonora to southwestern Chihuahua and western Durango)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDFF1893",null,null,"Alamos, Sonora.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/54/mode/1up","Cardinalis cardinalis affinis"],["32405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis sinaloensis","Nelson, 1899","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (Sinaloa and Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A87D2196",null,null,"Culiacan, Sinaloa.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/54/mode/1up","Cardinalis cardinalis sinaloensis"],["32406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis mariae","Nelson, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A90FDE9",null,null,"Maria Madre Island, Tres Marías group, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/24/mode/1up","Cardinalis cardinalis mariae"],["32407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Cardinalis cardinalis carneus","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.210",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal western Mexico (Colima to Isthmus of Tehuántepec)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8DF9BCEE",null,null,"Acapulco [, Guerrero, Mexico,] and Realejo [, ? Mexico]. 1","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/220/mode/1up","Coccothraustes (Cardinalis) carneus"],["32408","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox","Scott, Chesser, Unitt & Burns, 2024","Zootaxa 5406, no.3 p.498 [497-500]",null,null,null,"2025-1195a","The genus <em>Driophlox </em>is recognized for four species of <em>Habia </em>tanagers following Scott et al. (2024): <em>D. gutturalis</em>;<em> D. atrimaxillaris</em>;<em> D. cristata;</em> and <em>D. fuscicauda</em>. Genomic DNA analyses (Scott et al. 2022) recovered <em>Habia </em>as polyphyletic, with <em>H. rubica</em> sister to <em>Chlorothraupis,</em> rather than to the species now placed in <em>Driophlox</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Phoenicothraupis gutturalis [Sclater, 1854]",null,"Driophlox, a new genus of cardinalid (Aves: Passeriformes: Cardinalidae)","https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5406.3.11","Driophlox"],["32409","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox gutturalis","(Sclater, 1854)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.13, no.73 p.25","Sooty Ant Tanager","Sooty Ant-Tanager","Sooty Ant-tanager",null,null,"northwestern Colombia, from the northern end of the western Andes (upper Sinú Valley) eastward along the northern base of the Andes, and southward to both sides of the middle Magdalena Valley",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722423","soatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soatan1","avibase-DFB36868",null,null,"in Nova Grenada ? [= Colombia] .","II. On a new species of Tanager in the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19611#page/37/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis gutturalis"],["32410","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox cristata","(Lawrence, 1875)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11(1876) p.70","Crested Ant Tanager","Crested Ant-Tanager","Crested Ant-tanager",null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia to Cauca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722437","cratan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cratan1","avibase-231FAF07",null,null,"New Granada, 'Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54528#page/92/mode/1up","Phaenicothraupis cristata"],["32411","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox atrimaxillaris","(Dwight & Griscom, 1924)","American Museum Novitates no.142 p.4","Black-cheeked Ant Tanager","Black-cheeked Ant-Tanager","Black-cheeked Ant-tanager",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica (Golfo Dulce)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722430","bcatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcatan1","avibase-820B7430",null,null,"Puerto Jimenez, Golfo Dulce, Prov. de Puntarenas, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of new birds from Costa Rica.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4377/","Phoenicothraupis atrimaxillaris"],["32412","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox fuscicauda","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.50 p.86","Red-throated Ant Tanager","Red-throated Ant-Tanager","Red-throated Ant-tanager",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest on the Gulf of Mexico slope from northeastern Mexico along the Caribbean slope of Central America (including the Yucatan Peninsula), to eastern Panama, and in the Pacific slope from southeastern Mexico southward to Nicaragua; also in northern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722416","rtatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rtatan1","avibase-8DD1FA55",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 1-11.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/100/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis fuscicauda"],["32413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox fuscicauda salvini","(Berlepsch, 1883)","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.4 p.487",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí and Veracruz) to El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A63FA32",null,null,"Guatemala, Yucatan, Brit. Honduras, ?Tehuantepec ; type from Verapaz, Guatemala, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1070.","Descriptions of six new Species of Birds from Southern and Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/545/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis salvini"],["32414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox fuscicauda insularis","(Salvin, 1888)","Ibis ser.5, vol.6, no.22 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"Yucatan Peninsula (including Meco Island and Isla Mujeres) and northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12F38E75",null,null,"Meco I. ; Mugeres I. ; type from Meco Island [off Quintana Roo, Mexico], fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1071.","A List of the Birds of the Islands of the Coast of Yucatan and of the Bay of Honduras.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55018#page/287/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis insularis"],["32415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox fuscicauda discolor","(Ridgway, 1901)","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F5C7D8FB",null,null,"Río Escondido, eastern Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/194/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis salvini discolor"],["32416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox fuscicauda fuscicauda","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.50 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Nicaragua to far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-925B80F4",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 1-11.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/100/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis fuscicauda"],["32417","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox fuscicauda willisi","(Parkes, 1969)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 82 p.238",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama (northeastern Coclé and Colón to western San Blas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46184E71",null,null,"Boca del Río Indio, Colón, Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107580#page/262/mode/1up","Habia fuscicauda willisi"],["32418","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Driophlox fuscicauda erythrolaema","(Sclater, 1862)","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.83 & footnote *",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-61795432",null,null,"'S. Martha, New Grenada.' 'Vicinity of the mouth of the Río Sinu [Colombia]' substituted as type locality by Parkes, 1969, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 82, p. 237.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/189/mode/1up","Phoenicothraupis erythrolaema"],["32419","genus","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga","Vieillot, 1808","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 1 p.iv",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Muscicapa rubra [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy = Fringilla rubra Linnaeus, 1758  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180307#page/22/mode/1up","Piranga"],["32420","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga erythrocephala","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.437","Red-headed Tanager","Red-headed Tanager","Red-headed Tanager",null,null,"montane forest and edge of Pacific slope from southeastern Sonora to southern Oaxaca (northwestern to southwestern Mexico)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722481","rehtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehtan1","avibase-26AED277",null,null,"'Temiscaltipec' [, Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/453/mode/1up","Spermagra erythrocephala"],["32421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga erythrocephala candida","Griscom, 1934","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 75, no.10 p.410",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico (southeastern Sonora to northwestern Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D75FAB6",null,null,"Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, [= Sonora, Mexico] .","The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21155#page/470/mode/1up","Piranga erythrocephala candida"],["32422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga erythrocephala erythrocephala","(Swainson, 1827)","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.437",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Mexico (Jalisco and Guanajuato to Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79EE4217",null,null,"'Temiscaltipec' [, Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/453/mode/1up","Spermagra erythrocephala"],["32423","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga rubriceps","Gray, 1844","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.364 pl.89 fig.","Red-hooded Tanager","Red-hooded Tanager","Red-hooded Tanager",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northeastern Peru (Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722486","rehtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rehtan2","avibase-0830FB52",null,null,"no locality ; type from Bogotá, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 293.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/139/mode/1up","P[yranga] rubriceps"],["32424","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga leucoptera","Trudeau, 1840","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, pt.1 p.160","White-winged Tanager","White-winged Tanager","White-winged Tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest, pine-oak woodland, and semi-humid woodland in the Gulf of Mexico slope from north-central Mexico southward to western Panama, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (eastward to Paria Peninsula), tepuis of eastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and adjacent Brazil, the Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southwestern Ecuador and northeastern Peru north of the Río Marañón, the eastern Andes from northern Peru south and east of the Marañón, southward to south-central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722476","whwtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whwtan1","avibase-CA0D68AE",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79280#page/164/mode/1up","Pyranga leucoptera"],["32425","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga leucoptera leucoptera","Trudeau, 1840","Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, pt.1 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAD31EDB",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79280#page/164/mode/1up","Pyranga leucoptera"],["32426","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga leucoptera latifasciata","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica and western Panama (eastward to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D841F6F",null,null,"Costa Rica and Veragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/479/mode/1up","P[iranga] leucoptera latifasciata"],["32427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga leucoptera venezuelae","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1345 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Andes of Colombia (except Nariño), and highlands of Venezuela (south of Río Orinoco) and adjacent Guyana (Mount Roraima) and Brazil (Uei-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-71241249",null,null,"Galipán, Cerro de Avila, Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 51. The genera Chlorothraupis, Creurgops, Eucometis, Nemosia, Hemithraupis and Thlypopsis, with additional notes on Piranga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4208/","Piranga leucoptera venezuelae"],["32428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga leucoptera ardens","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of far southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to southwestern Ecuador, and east slope from Ecuador to central Bolivia (eastward to western Santa Cruz and Chuquisaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78C0DA9F",null,null,"Peru; valley of Vitoc, Junín, suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 289.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/295/mode/1up","Ph[oenisoma] ardens"],["32429","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga roseogularis","Cabot, 1846","Boston Journal of Natural History 5 p.416","Rose-throated Tanager","Rose-throated Tanager","Rose-throated Tanager",null,null,"lowland humid forest and edge of Yucatan Peninsula including Cozumel and Isla Mujeres, northern Guatemala, and northern Belize",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722461","rottan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rottan1","avibase-34CA36B2",null,null,"road from Chemax [, Yucatan] to Yalahao, Yucatan [=Yalahau, Quintana Roo].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100572#page/459/mode/1up","Pyranga roseo-gularis"],["32430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga roseogularis roseogularis","Cabot, 1846","Boston Journal of Natural History 5 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (arid northern Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34B958FB",null,null,"road from Chemax [, Yucatan] to Yalahao, Yucatan [=Yalahau, Quintana Roo].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100572#page/459/mode/1up","Pyranga roseo-gularis"],["32431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga roseogularis tincta","Paynter, 1950","Postilla 4 p.1-2",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Yucatan Peninsula, northern Belize, and northern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4170F795",null,null,"Chetumal, Territory of Quintana Roo, Mexico.","A new Tanager from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/43/mode/1up","Piranga roseo-gularis tincta"],["32432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga roseogularis cozumelae","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel and Isla Mujeres (off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1101BA6",null,null,"Cozumel I., Yucatan [Quintana Roo, Mexico]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81277#page/193/mode/1up","Piranga roseo-gularis cozumelae"],["32433","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga rubra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181","Summer Tanager","Summer Tanager","Summer Tanager",null,null,"breeds in deciduous and riparian forest and woodland in northeastern US southward to the Gulf of Mexico coast, central Florida and southwestern US, in California, New Mexico, Arizona and western Texas southward to northern Mexico; winters in various forest, woodland and semi-open habitats from central Mexico southward to Colombia, central and western Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and northern Guianas, southward through the western Amazon basin and the Andes to northwestern Bolivia, southward along the Pacific lowlands to southwestern Ecuador, and in the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and the Cayman Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722456","sumtan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sumtan","avibase-891798D9",null,null,"in America [= South Carolina] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla rubra"],["32434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga rubra cooperi","Ridgway, 1869","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 21 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southwestern USA and northern Mexico; winters to southern Baja California and southern Mexico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F0262F8",null,null,"Los Pinos, New Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30466#page/156/mode/1up","Pyranga Cooperi"],["32435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga rubra rubra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds southeastern USA; winters to Amazonian Brazil and northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4B25CAC",null,null,"in America [= South Carolina] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla rubra"],["32436","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.791","Hepatic Tanager","Hepatic Tanager",null,"2025-0583","Taxa <em>hepatica </em>(polytypic) and <em>lutea </em>(polytypic) are treated as conspecific with <em>Piranga flava</em> pending further research. Extensive geographic variation in plumage, vocalizations (Boesman 2016s), and genetics (Manthey et al. 2016) occurs within <em>P. flava sensu lato</em> that likely represents multiple species. However, integrative bioacoustic, genetic, and morphological analyses, with broader taxon and geographic sampling, are needed to determine species limits within this complex.","humid to dry forest and woodland from southwestern US southward along the Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental and montane areas of Central America to eastern Panama, coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Trinidad, tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, Sierra de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southern Colombia, from the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador southward to south-central Peru, the eastern Andes from southern Ecuador southward to northwestern Argentina, the easternmost section of the Amazon River (in northeastern Brazil), and in the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,"heptan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/heptan","avibase-083E787F",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/399/mode/1up","S[altator] Flavus"],["32437","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava testacea","Sclater & Salvin, 1868","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868, pt.2 p.388-389",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Costa Rica and Panama (eastward to Punta Garachiné)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1174E4F",null,null,"Chitra et Calovevora, Veragua [, Panama] ; type from Chitra, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 282.","Descriptions of Four New Species of Birds from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91104#page/482/mode/1up","Pyranga testacea"],["32438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava lutea","(Lesson, 1834)","L'institut Journal des Academies et Sociétés Scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger 2, no.72 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador, Peru, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64FEC749",null,null,"Callao, Peru.",null,"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.104886611&seq=354","Pithylus luteus"],["32439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava desidiosa","Bangs & Noble, 1918","The Auk 35, no.4 p.461",null,null,null,null,null,"upper tropical and subtropical southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CAC8366D",null,null,"La Maria, Dagua Valley, west Colombia.","List of birds collected on the Harvard Peruvian Expedition of 1916.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol35/iss4/6/","Piranga testacea desidiosa"],["32440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava toddi","Parkes, 1969","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.3 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (Magdalena)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-373DA1F9",null,null,"El Cauca, Magdalena, Colombia (W. slope of E. Andes, 900 metres).","An undescribed subspecies of Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/116/mode/1up","Piranga flava toddi"],["32441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava faceta","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.141",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A2C748A",null,null,"Santa Marta [region] (alt. 3,000 feet), Colombia.","On some birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/165/mode/1up","Piranga faceta"],["32442","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava haemalea","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Ibis ser.5, vol.1, no.2 p.205-206",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DB5BE0A4",null,null,"[Cerro] Roraima, Guiana Brit. [= Bolívar, Venezuela] .","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54933#page/253/mode/1up","Pyranga haemalea"],["32443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava flava","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.791",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia (Cochabamba) to Uruguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-597B339B",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/399/mode/1up","S[altator] Flavus"],["32444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava macconnelli","Chubb, 1921","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.8, no.46 p.446-447",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Guyana and adjacent far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49F3CB7F",null,null,"Upper Tukutu Mountains, British Guiana.","XLVII. On new Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63679#page/482/mode/1up","Piranga saira macconnelli"],["32445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava saira","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.35, pl.48, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Brazil (both banks of Amazon River in Amapá and central Pará; and from central Maranhão and central Piauí southward to eastern and southern Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B090E9D6",null,null,"no locality ; Caxias, Piauhy, suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12(18), p. 283.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/49/mode/1up","Tanagra saira"],["32446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava rosacea","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz to Chiquitos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B0CB5CA7",null,null,"Palmarito, Río San Julian, Chiquitos, [eastern] Bolivia.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/120/mode/1up","Piranga saira rosacea"],["32447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava hepatica","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., Vol. 1, no.6 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA and western Mexico (southward to Guerrero and Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-298752B0",null,null,"Real del Monte [= Temascaltepec, Mexico] .","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/454/mode/1up","Pyranga hepatica"],["32448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava dextra","Bangs, 1907","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 20 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern USA (east of Rockies) and eastern Mexico; winters to western Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88D50F64",null,null,"Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.","A new race of the Hepatic Tanager.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21751#page/46/mode/1up","Piranga hepatica dextra"],["32449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava figlina","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.293",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland pine savanna of eastern Guatemala and Belize",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F316BA6",null,null,"Manati River, British Honduras, and pine-ridge of Poctun, Guatemala ; type from Manati River, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 283.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/343/mode/1up","Pyranga figlina"],["32450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava albifacies","Zimmer, 1929","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.5 p.205",null,null,null,null,null,"montane oak-pine belt of western Guatemala to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5CFE62E",null,null,"San Jose del Sacare, Chalatenango, Salvador. Altitude 3600 feet.","A study of the Tooth-billed Red Tanager, Piranga flava.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21010#page/51/mode/1up","Piranga flava albifacies"],["32451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga flava savannarum","Howell, 1965","The Auk 82, no.3 p.455",null,null,null,null,null,"lowland pine savanna of eastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-213A1CCC",null,null,"6 miles NW of Puerto Cabezas, elevation about 33 m (100 ft.), Department of Zelaya, Nicaragua.","New subspecies of birds from the lowland pine savanna of northeastern Nicaragua.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol82/iss3/5/","Piranga flava savannarum"],["32452","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga olivacea","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.889","Scarlet Tanager","Scarlet Tanager","Scarlet Tanager",null,null,"breeds eastern Canada and USA; winters mainly upper Amazon basin",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722466","scatan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scatan","avibase-42101632",null,null,"Cayenna et Noveboraco [= New York, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 287].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/390/mode/1up","Tanagra olivacea"],["32453","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga ludoviciana","(Wilson, 1811)","American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature 3 p.27 pl.20 fig.1","Western Tanager","Western Tanager","Western Tanager",null,null,"breeds western North America; winters to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722471","westan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/westan","avibase-0ADA5F17",null,null,"prairies of the Missouri, between the Osage and Mandan nations [= about two miles north of Kamiah, Idaho County, Idaho], fide Davis and Stevenson, 1934, Condor, 36, p. 163.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/175516#page/35/mode/1up","Tanagra ludoviciana"],["32454","species","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga bidentata","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.438","Flame-colored Tanager","Flame-colored Tanager","Flame-colored Tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest, pine-oak woodland, and adjacent fields with trees from far southwestern US (rare), in southern Arizona, southward along the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico slopes, including Tres Marias Islands, to northern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722444","flctan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flctan","avibase-3C3C23CA",null,null,"Temiscaltipec [, Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/454/mode/1up","Pyranga bidentata"],["32455","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga bidentata bidentata","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to Guerrero and Morelos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ADBA87B9",null,null,"Temiscaltipec [, Mexico].","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/454/mode/1up","Pyranga bidentata"],["32456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga bidentata flammea","Ridgway, 1887","A manual of North American birds p.457",null,null,null,null,null,"Tres Marías Islands (off western Mexico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D98BB98",null,null,"Tres Marías Islands, western Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32493#page/479/mode/1up","P[iranga] flammea"],["32457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga bidentata sanguinolenta","de Lafresnaye, 1839","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas) to north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50B6D2D8",null,null,"Mexico.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/105/mode/1up","Pyranga sanguinolenta"],["32458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Cardinalidae","Cardinals and allies","Piranga bidentata citrea","Van Rossem, 1934","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.367",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AC3C3B2",null,null,"Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama.","A new race of Piranga bidentata from Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/451/mode/1up","Piranga bidentata citrea"],["32459","family","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingidae",null,null,"Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingid Tanagers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"mitros1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mitros1/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["32460","genus","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Orthogonys","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.421",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra viridis [von Spix, 1825]; type by original designation = Tachyphonus chloricterus Vieillot, 1819",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/461/mode/1up","Orthogonys"],["32461","species","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Orthogonys chloricterus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.360","Olive-green Tanager","Olive-green Tanager","Olive-green Tanager",null,null,"montane forest of southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722340","olgtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olgtan1","avibase-C016E9A0",null,null,"Bresil [= vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 296].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/382/mode/1up","Tachyphonus chloricterus"],["32462","genus","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Lamprospiza","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.246",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Psaris habia [Lesson, 1831]; type by original designation = Saltator melanoleucus Vieillot, 1817",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/254/mode/1up","Lamprospiza"],["32463","species","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Lamprospiza melanoleuca","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.105","Red-billed Pied Tanager","Red-billed Pied Tanager","Red-billed Pied Tanager",null,null,"Amazonian Brazil, adjacent northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, and the Guianas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722139","rbptan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbptan1","avibase-099CDCB9",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale ; type locality restricted to Cayenne by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1111.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/119/mode/1up","Saltator melanoleucus"],["32464","genus","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingus","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tachyphonus cassinii [Lawrence, 1861]; type by original designation",null,"Descriptions of Supposed New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Mitrospingus"],["32465","species","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingus cassinii","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.297","Dusky-faced Tanager","Dusky-faced Tanager","Dusky-faced Tanager",null,null,"dense forest edge in lowlands and foothills of Caribbean slope from far northern Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua (sight reports) through central Panama, thence both slopes southward through north-central Andes of Colombia and Chocó west of Andes southward to west-central Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722317","duftan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/duftan1","avibase-D59309B6",null,null,"Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1080.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/317/mode/1up","Tachyphonus Cassinii"],["32466","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingus cassinii costaricensis","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of eastern Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-578E1CAF",null,null,"El Hogar, Costa Rica.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/121/mode/1up","Mitrospingus cassinii costaricensis"],["32467","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingus cassinii cassinii","(Lawrence, 1861)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FF07E23",null,null,"Panama Railroad; type from Lion Hill, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1080.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 1.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/317/mode/1up","Tachyphonus Cassinii"],["32468","species","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingus oleagineus","(Salvin, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4 p.500","Olive-backed Tanager","Olive-backed Tanager","Olive-backed Tanager",null,null,"humid foothill forest on sandy-soil at the base of the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, westernmost Guyana, and adjacent Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722320","olbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olbtan1","avibase-C9AA6FC9",null,null,"Twekquay Mountain, Carimang River, British Guiana.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/552/mode/1up","Eucometis oleaginea"],["32469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingus oleagineus obscuripectus","Zimmer & Phelps, 1945","American Museum Novitates no.1274 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (Gran Sabana) and far northern Brazil (Uei-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD0D77BA",null,null,"Mt. Ptari-tepui, Gran Sabana, State of Bolívar, Venezuela; Altitude 1600 meters.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2300/","Mitrospingus oleagineus obscuripectus"],["32470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Mitrospingidae","Mitrospingid Tanagers","Mitrospingus oleagineus oleagineus","(Salvin, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4 p.500",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Mount Roraima) and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CD21F4F",null,null,"Twekquay Mountain, Carimang River, British Guiana.","A List of the Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/552/mode/1up","Eucometis oleaginea"],["32471","family","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupidae",null,null,"Tanagers and allies","Tanagers and Allies","Tanagers",null,null,null,null,null,null,"thraup2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thraup2/cur/introduction",null,null,null,null,null,null,null],["32472","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Orchesticus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Orchesticus occipitalis [Cabanis, 1851]; type by monotypy = Pyrrhula abeillei Lesson, 1839",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/159/mode/1up","Orchesticus"],["32473","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Orchesticus abeillei","(Lesson, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.40","Brown Tanager","Brown Tanager","Brown Tanager",null,null,"foothills of southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and Minas Gerais to Paraná)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722117","brotan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brotan1","avibase-B8992864",null,null,"Brasil ; Rio de Janeiro proposed by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil, (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 538.","Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du Docteur Abeillé à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/48/mode/1up","Pyrrhula Abeillei"],["32474","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Parkerthraustes","Remsen, 1997","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pytilus humeralis [Lawrence, 1867]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Parkerthraustes"],["32475","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Parkerthraustes humeralis","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.467","Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak","Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak","Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak",null,null,"eastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and southwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723834","yesgro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yesgro2","avibase-7B2BF947",null,null,"Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/487/mode/1up","Pytilus (Caryothraustes) humeralis"],["32476","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sericossypha","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 col.302",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sericossypha somptuosa [Lesson, 1844]; type by original designation = Tanagra (Lamprotes) albocristatus Lafresnaye, 1843  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/109/mode/1up","Sericossypha"],["32477","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sericossypha albocristata","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.132","White-capped Tanager","White-capped Tanager","White-capped Tanager",null,null,"locally in Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela to southeastern Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722156","whctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whctan1","avibase-961A51A7",null,null,"Colombia.","Description de deux Oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/140/mode/1up","Tanagra (Lamprotes) albo-cristatus"],["32478","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Compsothraupis","Richmond, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra rubrigularis [von Spix, 1825]; type by monotypy = Tanagra loricata M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1819  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/220/mode/1up","Compsothraupis"],["32479","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Compsothraupis loricata","(Lichtenstein, 1819)","Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften p.159","Scarlet-throated Tanager","Scarlet-throated Tanager","Scarlet-throated Tanager",null,null,"arid interior of northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722153","scttan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scttan1","avibase-DCEDEBC4",null,null,"northeastern Brazil; Ceará suggested by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12(18), p. 288.","Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso über die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, erläutert aus den wieder aufgefundenen Original-Abbildungen (Fortsetzung *)). II. Vögel.","http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige/index_html?band=07-abh/18161817&seite:int=174","Tanagra loricata"],["32480","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanicterus","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.240",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pyranga cyanictera [Vieillot, 1819]; type by monotypy and tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/382/mode/1up","Cyanicterus"],["32481","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanicterus cyanicterus","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 28 p.290","Blue-backed Tanager","Blue-backed Tanager","Blue-backed Tanager",null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and adjacent northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722555","blbtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtan2","avibase-846C5BDD",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale ; Cayenne suggested by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 116.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63936#page/312/mode/1up","Pyranga cyanicterus"],["32482","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra pileata [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Tanagra pileata Boddaert, 1783",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f38.item","Nemosia"],["32483","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia rourei","Cabanis, 1870","Journal für Ornithologie 18, no.108 p.459","Cherry-throated Tanager","Cherry-throated Tanager","Cherry-throated Tanager",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (rediscovered after 47-year absence in Espírito Santo)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722293","chttan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chttan1","avibase-D9A06584",null,null,"Muriahie, north bank of Rio Parahyba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","Ueber eine neue brasilische Nemosie oder Wald-Tangare, Nemosia Rourei nov. spec..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103205#page/479/mode/1up","Nemosia Rourei"],["32484","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia pileata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45","Hooded Tanager","Hooded Tanager","Hooded Tanager",null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela to the Guianas, Amazonia, and southward to Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722290","hootan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hootan1","avibase-B112B157",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Tanagra pileata"],["32485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia pileata hypoleuca","Todd, 1916","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6B593FB",null,null,"Tucurinca, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of fifteen apparently new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22877#page/125/mode/1up","Nemosia pileata hypoleuca"],["32486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia pileata surinamensis","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1345 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Guyana and Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-820B525B",null,null,"Paramaribo, Surinam.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 51. The genera Chlorothraupis, Creurgops, Eucometis, Nemosia, Hemithraupis and Thlypopsis, with additional notes on Piranga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4208/","Nemosia pileata surinamensis"],["32487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia pileata pileata","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana, northeastern and Amazonian Brazil (south of the Amazon River between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós), and far northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B92F4064",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Tanagra pileata"],["32488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia pileata interna","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1345 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (upper Río Branco and lower Río Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF73820B",null,null,"Igarapé Cacao Pereira [=Cacau Pirêra], lower Rio Negro (left bank), Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 51. The genera Chlorothraupis, Creurgops, Eucometis, Nemosia, Hemithraupis and Thlypopsis, with additional notes on Piranga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4208/","Nemosia pileata interna"],["32489","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia pileata nana","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1084, 1141",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Amazon basin of northeastern Peru and adjacent western Brazil (eastward to lower Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16B7D220",null,null,"northeastern Peru (Samiria, Nauta and Sarayacu on the upper Amazon) ; type from [Rio] Samiria, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 371.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Nemosia pileata nana"],["32490","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nemosia pileata caerulea","(Wied-Neuwied, 1831)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.2 p.731",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, eastern and southern Brazil (south of the Amazon River and east of Rio Tapajós), and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D6E97E0",null,null,"Bahia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/753/mode/1up","H[ylophilus] caeruleus"],["32491","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tersina","Vieillot, 1819","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 33 p.401",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tersina caerulea [Vieillot, 1819]; type by monotypy = Hirundo viridis Illiger, 1811  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64012#page/411/mode/1up","Tersina"],["32492","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tersina viridis","(Illiger, 1811)","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.229","Swallow Tanager","Swallow Tanager","Swallow Tanager",null,null,"eastern Panama to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, eastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723018","swatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/swatan1","avibase-EB9B653A",null,null,"based on 'L'Hirondelle verte' of Temminck Sandwich Island ; error, eastern Brazil substituted by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/253/mode/1up","Hirundo viridis"],["32493","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tersina viridis grisescens","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5570744",null,null,"La Conception, Santa Marta, Colombia.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/272/mode/1up","Tersina viridis grisescens"],["32494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tersina viridis occidentalis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.274 p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3C50DE1",null,null,"'Nova Grenada' [= Bogotá collections, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 3].","Description of a second species of the Genus Procnias.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/567/mode/1up","Procnias occidentalis"],["32495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tersina viridis viridis","(Illiger, 1811)","Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, eastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16F84B17",null,null,"based on 'L'Hirondelle verte' of Temminck Sandwich Island ; error, eastern Brazil substituted by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 1.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917#page/253/mode/1up","Hirundo viridis"],["32496","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes","Oberholser, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Certhia cyanea [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by original designation",null,"A Synopsis of the Blue Honey-Creepers of Tropical America","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/6/","Cyanerpes"],["32497","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes nitidus","(Hartlaub, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.84","Short-billed Honeycreeper","Short-billed Honeycreeper","Short-billed Honeycreeper",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to Venezuela, eastern Peru, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723003","shbhon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbhon2","avibase-2027B6CC",null,null,"du nord du Pérou.","Notice sur une nouvelle espèce du genre CSreba, Vieillot.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/92/mode/1up","Coereba nitida"],["32498","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes lucidus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.14","Shining Honeycreeper","Shining Honeycreeper","Shining Honeycreeper",null,null,"humid foothill forest of Caribbean slope from southeastern Chiapas (southeastern Mexico) and Belize southward through Nicaragua, thence both slopes from northern Costa Rica through Panama, reaching far northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723006","shihon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shihon1","avibase-D2EF7CEA",null,null,"Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/36/mode/1up","Coereba lucida"],["32499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes lucidus lucidus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1859)","Ibis ser.1, vol.1, no.1 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Belize, Guatemala, and northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D361E5",null,null,"Guatemala.","On the Ornithology of Central America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239981#page/36/mode/1up","Coereba lucida"],["32500","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes lucidus isthmicus","Bangs, 1907","The Auk 24, no.3 p.306",null,null,null,null,null,"Costa Rica to Panama and far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAEE2FFE",null,null,"Paso Real, Costa Rica.","On a collection of birds from western Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol24/iss3/5/","Cyanerpes lucidus isthmicus"],["32501","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes caeruleus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118","Purple Honeycreeper","Purple Honeycreeper","Purple Honeycreeper",null,null,"tropical rainforest, woodland savanna, gallery forest, white-sand forest, and woodland in northern Colombia, western Venezuela, and easternmost Panama southward in interior Colombia to the middle Magdalena Valley and in the Pacific lowlands southward to southwestern Ecuador; east of the Andes in northern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward across the entire Amazon basin to south-central Brazil and northern and central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723009","purhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purhon1","avibase-A0A7D1B2",null,null,"upper fig. (= male) Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Certhia caerulea"],["32502","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes caeruleus chocoanus","Hellmayr, 1920","Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Zeitschrift für systematische Zoologie. Neue Folge n.s., 85, Abth. A, Heft 10 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-747076CC",null,null,"São Joaquim [= San Joaquin] del Chocó, W. Colombia.","Ein Beitrag zur Ornithologie von Südost-Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163171#page/294/mode/1up","Cyanerpes caerulea chocana"],["32503","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes caeruleus caeruleus","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil (southward to Rio Tapajós and northwestern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98476BF1",null,null,"upper fig. (= male) Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/136/mode/1up","Certhia caerulea"],["32504","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes caeruleus hellmayri","Gyldenstolpe, 1945","Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar Ser. 3, (3) 22 (3) p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-555229A9",null,null,"Potaro Highlands, British Guiana, alt. 2500 feet.","The bird fauna of Rio Juruá in Western Brazil.",null,"Cyanerpes caeruleus hellmayri"],["32505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes caeruleus longirostris","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D380A555",null,null,"Caraccas ; error, Trinidad substituted by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 259.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/112/mode/1up","A[rbelorhina] longirostristris"],["32506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes caeruleus microrhynchus","(Berlepsch, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.167-168 p.287-288",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil (eastward to mouth of the Amazon River and west-central Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E47C735",null,null,"Bucaramanga, Colombia.","Untersuchungen über die Vögel der Umgegend von Bucaramanga in Neu-Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/299/mode/1up","Coereba coerulea microrhyncha"],["32507","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.188","Red-legged Honeycreeper","Red-legged Honeycreeper","Red-legged Honeycreeper",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and woodland, mangroves, riparian woodland, gallery forest, woodland savannas and white-sand forest in Cuba and from the Gulf of Mexico slope in eastern Mexico southward across most Central America to northwestern Colombia, to the middle Magdalena Valley, and west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador; in western Venezuela eastward to Trinidad and Tobago, eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to southern Brazil and central Bolivia, Brazil eastward to the Cerrado (southern Mato Grosso do Sul, western São Paulo, and adjacent Paraná), and in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte southward to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723012","relhon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/relhon1","avibase-5A126D27",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/192/mode/1up","Certhia cyanea"],["32508","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Mexico from Guerrero and southern Tamaulipas southward through Panama (including Coiba and the Pearl Islands) to northwestern Colombia (upper Sinú Valley, Córdoba); also Cuba",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6ECA05D",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/468/mode/1up","Caereba carneipes"],["32509","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus pacificus","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.655",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific coast of western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54687C15",null,null,"Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Cyanerpes cyaneus pacificus"],["32510","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus gigas","Thayer & Bangs, 1905","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 46, no.5 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"Gorgona Islands (off Pacific coast of Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D07E4D4",null,null,"Gorgona Island, Colombia.","Vertebrata of Gorgona Island, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98450#page/114/mode/1up","Cyanerpes gigas"],["32511","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus gemmeus","Wetmore, 1941","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54, no.46 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Serranía de Macuire on Guajira Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BC02135B",null,null,"600 feet elevation, Serrania de Macuire, above Nazaret, La Guajira, Colombia.","New forms of Birds from Mexico and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107588#page/233/mode/1up","Cyanerpes cyaneus gemmeus"],["32512","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus eximius","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia to northern Venezuela including Isla Margarita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76F805E6",null,null,"Porto Cabello, [= Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/112/mode/1up","A[rbelorhina] eximia"],["32513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus tobagensis","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1914","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8CDC52C7",null,null,"Man-of-War Bay, Tobago.","Neue Vögel aus dem tropischen Amerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/126/mode/1up","Cyanerpes cyanea tobagensis"],["32514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus cyaneus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Venezuela and Trinidad to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (southward to Rio Negro and mouth of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F6A1391",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/192/mode/1up","Certhia cyanea"],["32515","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus dispar","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1203 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, western Brazil (eastward to Rio Negro and Rio Juruá), and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE8E2035",null,null,"Buena Vista, Río Cassiquiare, southwestern Venezuela.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 44. Notes on the genera Diglossa and Cyanerpes with addenda to Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3802/","Cyanerpes cyaneus dispar"],["32516","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus violaceus","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1203 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6093E026",null,null,"Chapada, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 44. Notes on the genera Diglossa and Cyanerpes with addenda to Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3802/","Cyanerpes cyaneus violaceus"],["32517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus brevipes","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"central Amazonian Brazil from at least Manacapuru eastward to middle Rio Tocantins",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-890C6365",null,null,"Porto Cabello [, Venezuela] ; error, Pará, Brazil, substituted by Gyldenstolpe, 1945, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., ser. 3, 22(3), p. 289; restricted here to Santarem, Pará. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/112/mode/1up","A[rbelorhina] brevipes"],["32518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cyanerpes cyaneus holti","Parkes, 1977","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 97, no.2 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC1FBD93",null,null,"Brazil, Espírito Santo, Ibiracu (formerly Pau Gigante) 19°50'S, 40°22'W","An undescribed subspecies of the Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126874#page/273/mode/1up","Cyanerpes cyaneus holti"],["32519","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis","Cuvier, 1816","Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée 1 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Motacilla cayana [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18030#page/437/mode/1up","Dacnis"],["32520","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis berlepschi","Hartert, 1900","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.37","Scarlet-breasted Dacnis","Scarlet-breasted Dacnis","Scarlet-breasted Dacnis",null,null,"lowlands of far southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722997","scbdac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbdac1","avibase-38EDD766",null,null,"Lita, Northwestern Ecuador. 3000 ft.","[Exhibition and description of some new South-American birds].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/195/mode/1up","Dacnis berlepschi"],["32521","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis venusta","Lawrence, 1862","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.464","Scarlet-thighed Dacnis","Scarlet-thighed Dacnis","Scarlet-thighed Dacnis",null,null,"forest edge of foothills from far south-central Nicaragua through Costa Rica and Panama, thence west of the Andes in Chocó to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722988","sctdac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sctdac1","avibase-223EB3AD",null,null,"Panama Railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/496/mode/1up","Dacnis venusta"],["32522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis venusta venusta","Lawrence, 1862","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.464",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58D39E57",null,null,"Panama Railroad.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/496/mode/1up","Dacnis venusta"],["32523","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis venusta fuliginata","Bangs, 1908","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Caribbean slope of Darién) to northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A01B892C",null,null,"Jimenez, western [Andes] Colombia, altitude 1,600 feet.","Notes on birds from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/204/mode/1up","Dacnis venusta fuliginata"],["32524","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis nigripes","Pelzeln, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 20 p.154 pl.1 fig.1,2","Black-legged Dacnis","Black-legged Dacnis","Black-legged Dacnis",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Santa Catarina)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722985","blldac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blldac1","avibase-7759D86F",null,null,"Nuovo [=Nova] Friburgo [, Rio de Janeiro] , Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108785#page/168/mode/1up","Dacnis nigripes"],["32525","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis albiventris","(Sclater, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4, no.1 p.8","White-bellied Dacnis","White-bellied Dacnis","White-bellied Dacnis",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and central Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722976","whbdac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbdac1","avibase-7AFF6CE5",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= Bogotá, Colombia] .","Description de six Oiseaux nouveaux appartenant à la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/14/mode/1up","Pipraeidea albiventris"],["32526","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis flaviventer","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.21","Yellow-bellied Dacnis","Yellow-bellied Dacnis","Yellow-bellied Dacnis",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722982","yebdac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebdac1","avibase-85288724",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/137/mode/1up","D[acnis] flaviventer"],["32527","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.336","Blue Dacnis","Blue Dacnis","Blue Dacnis",null,null,"Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras to eastern Paraguay, eastern and southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722991","bludac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bludac1","avibase-C72B6A62",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/340/mode/1up","Motacilla cayana"],["32528","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana callaina","Bangs, 1905","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"western Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FD20A5CC",null,null,"Divala, Chiriquí, Panama.","Description of seven new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/172/mode/1up","Dacnis cayana callaina"],["32529","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana ultramarina","Lawrence, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C68D64A1",null,null,"New Granada, Isthmus of Panama [= Lion Hill, Panama Railroad] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/114/mode/1up","Dacnis ultramarina"],["32530","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana napaea","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.143",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-341A8A7A",null,null,"Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/167/mode/1up","Dacnis napaea"],["32531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana baudoana","Meyer de Schauensee, 1946","Notulae Naturae 167 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia (Baudó Mountains) to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F93D14DB",null,null,"Río Baudo, Chocó, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part IV. Further notes on Colombian birds, with the description of new forms.",null,"Dacnis cyana baudoana"],["32532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana caerebicolor","Sclater, 1851","Contributions to ornithology no.4 p.106-12, 107-13",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (Cauca and Magdalena valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F0CBF57",null,null,"New Granada? [= 'Bogotá' collections] .","Ornithological Observations. IV. On the genus Dacnis, Cuvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/358/mode/1up","Dacnis coerebicolor"],["32533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern and central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91D2AA4C",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/340/mode/1up","Motacilla cayana"],["32534","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana glaucogularis","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-478297B8",null,null,"La Gloria and La Merced, [Chanchamayo, Junín,] Peru; type from La Merced, fide Sztolcman and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 179.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/394/mode/1up","Dacnis cayana glaucogularis"],["32535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis cayana paraguayensis","Chubb, 1910","Ibis ser.9, vol.4, no.16 p.619,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to eastern and southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DDFEBAD",null,null,"Paraguay, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], and S. E. Brazil ; type from Sapucay, Paraguay, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool, Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 270.","On the Birds of Paraguay. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270950#page/725/mode/1up","D[acnis] cayana paraguayensis"],["32536","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis hartlaubi","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.251","Turquoise Dacnis","Turquoise Dacnis","Turquoise Dacnis",null,null,"locally in Andes of Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722969","turdac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turdac1","avibase-C75A42AF",null,null,"Nova Grenada [= Colombia]; La Cumbre, Dept. Valle, suggested as type locality by Carriker, 1955, Noved. Colombianas, no. 2, p. 61.","On two New Species of Dacnis, and on the General Arrangement on the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/569/mode/1up","Dacnis hartlaubi"],["32537","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis lineata","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.990","Black-faced Dacnis","Black-faced Dacnis","Black-faced Dacnis","2026-027","Although treated as the same species in AviList 2025 (issue 2025-0615), <em>Dacnis egregia</em> (polytypic, including <em>aequatorialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>D. lineata</em> (Remsen 2024e). Differences in plumage coloration, the presence of obvious pectoral tufts in <em>D. egregia</em>, and apparent paraphyly based on genomic data (Price-Waldman 2019) narrowly favor treatment of <em>D. egregia</em> as a separate species.","Colombia (east of the Andes) eastward to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil, and southward to northern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812237","bkfdac2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfdac2","avibase-8DF4C731",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/491/mode/1up","Motacilla lineata"],["32538","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis viguieri","Oustalet, 1883","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.246, pl.15A fig.3","Viridian Dacnis","Viridian Dacnis","Viridian Dacnis",null,null,"lowlands of far eastern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722994","virdac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/virdac1","avibase-B433F5E3",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama, on the shores of the Gulf of Darien.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/296/mode/1up","Dacnis viguieri"],["32539","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis egregia","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.251-252","Yellow-tufted Dacnis","Yellow-tufted Dacnis","Yellow-tufted Dacnis","2026-027","Although treated as the same species in AviList 2025 (issue 2025-0615), <em>Dacnis egregia</em> (polytypic, including <em>aequatorialis</em>) is treated as a species separate from <em>D. lineata</em> (Remsen 2024e). Differences in plumage coloration, the presence of obvious pectoral tufts in <em>D. egregia</em>, and apparent paraphyly based on genomic data (Price-Waldman 2019) narrowly favor treatment of <em>D. egregia</em> as a separate species.","tropical central Colombia (Cauca and Magdalena valleys) and tropical western Ecuador (Esmeraldas to Chimbo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812255","bkfdac1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfdac1","avibase-CBDE242B",null,null,"in Nova Grenada [= Bogotá].","On two New Species of Dacnis, and on the General Arrangement on the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/569/mode/1up","Dacnis egregia"],["32540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis egregia egregia","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.275 p.251-252",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia, including southern Córdoba (along the upper Río Sinú), Antioquia (on the lower Río Cauca and Nechí Valley), and the middle and upper Magdalena Valley from Santander southward to Tolima and Huila",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC17B5E8",null,null,"in Nova Grenada [= Bogotá].","On two New Species of Dacnis, and on the General Arrangement on the Genus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/569/mode/1up","Dacnis egregia"],["32541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dacnis egregia aequatorialis","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Colombia, western Ecuador (Esmeraldas to Chimbo), and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-303530B0",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/675/mode/1up","Dacnis egregia aequatorialis"],["32542","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridophanes","Ridgway, 1901","Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dacnis pulcherrima [Sclater, PL, 1853]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Iridophanes"],["32543","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridophanes pulcherrimus","(Sclater, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.480","Golden-collared Honeycreeper","Golden-collared Honeycreeper","Golden-collared Honeycreeper",null,null,"humid foothill and cloudforest in the Andes of western Colombia southward to northwestern Ecuador and in the eastern Andes from northeastern Colombia southward to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722961","gochon2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gochon2","avibase-098ABCAE",null,null,"in Nova-Grenada [Bogotá] .","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/520/mode/1up","Dacnis pulcherrima"],["32544","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridophanes pulcherrimus pulcherrimus","(Sclater, 1853)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.480",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Colombia to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1DF3129",null,null,"in Nova-Grenada [Bogotá] .","Description de deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/520/mode/1up","Dacnis pulcherrima"],["32545","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridophanes pulcherrimus aureinucha","(Ridgway, 1879)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1, no.60 p.484",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (west slope of western Andes from Valle del Cauca) southward to subtropical western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0696588C",null,null,"Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148290#page/508/mode/1up","Dacnis pulcherrima β aureinucha"],["32546","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes","Reichenbach, 1853","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.233",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Coereba atricapilla [Vieillot, 1817]; type by monotypy = Motacilla spiza Linnaeus, 1758",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/269/mode/1up","Chlorophanes"],["32547","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188","Green Honeycreeper","Green Honeycreeper","Green Honeycreeper",null,null,"humid forest and borders from southeastern Mexico southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America and the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama to northwestern Colombia, coastal mountains of Venezuela eastward to Trinidad, southward along the Pacific lowlands to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru, in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, the foothills of the Andes, eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to south-central Brazil and central Bolivia, and in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern to southeastern Brazil (to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723000","grehon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grehon1","avibase-64E4030B",null,null,"based on 'The Green Black-cap Fly-catcher' of Edwards, 1743, Nat. Hist. Birds, 1, p. 25, pl. 25, right fig. Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Spiza"],["32548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.129",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Oaxaca) to Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F15B0C25",null,null,"Guatemala ; type from Choctum, Verapaz, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 249.","Characters of some New Species of American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/193/mode/1up","Chlorophanes guatemalensis"],["32549","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza argutus","Bangs & Barbour, 1922","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.6 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B543A71D",null,null,"Divala, western Panama.","Birds from Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/243/mode/1up","Chlorophanes spiza arguta"],["32550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza exsul","Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.543",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC12BC03",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/675/mode/1up","Chlorophanes spiza exsul"],["32551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza subtropicalis","Todd, 1924","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30E90F00",null,null,"La Cumbre (Western Andes), Colombia [=La Cumbre, Valle, Colombia].","Descriptions of eight new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/162/mode/1up","Chlorophanes spiza subtropicalis"],["32552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza spiza","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela and Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07E90CFC",null,null,"based on 'The Green Black-cap Fly-catcher' of Edwards, 1743, Nat. Hist. Birds, 1, p. 25, pl. 25, right fig. Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Spiza"],["32553","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza caerulescens","Cassin, 1865","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.268",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-906FBDA1",null,null,"Yuracares, Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/276/mode/1up","C[hlorophanes] caerulescens"],["32554","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorophanes spiza axillaris","Zimmer, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.2 p.90-91",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2A5ACCE1",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","New Birds from Peru, Brazil and Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/110/mode/1up","Chlorophanes spiza axillaris"],["32555","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Heterospingus","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tachyphonus rubrifrons [Lawrence, 1865]; type by original designation",null,"Descriptions of Supposed New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Heterospingus"],["32556","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Heterospingus rubrifrons","(Lawrence, 1865)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17 p.106","Sulphur-rumped Tanager","Sulphur-rumped Tanager","Sulphur-rumped Tanager",null,null,"humid lowlands of eastern Costa Rica and Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722374","surtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/surtan1","avibase-8004723E",null,null,"line of Panama Railroad, near Lion Hill Station.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17711#page/114/mode/1up","Tachyphonus rubrifrons"],["32557","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Heterospingus xanthopygius","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.269 p.158 pl.69","Scarlet-browed Tanager","Scarlet-browed Tanager","Scarlet-browed Tanager",null,null,"tropical rainforest from eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia eastward to the middle Magdalena Valley and southward along the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722377","scbtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scbtan2","avibase-D9B6353E",null,null,"in Nova Grenada [= Bogotá collections].","Descriptions of Two New Tanagers in the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/466/mode/1up","Tachyphonus xanthopygius"],["32558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Heterospingus xanthopygius xanthopygius","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.269 p.158 pl.69",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Panama and northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-06712809",null,null,"in Nova Grenada [= Bogotá collections].","Descriptions of Two New Tanagers in the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/466/mode/1up","Tachyphonus xanthopygius"],["32559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Heterospingus xanthopygius berliozi","Wetmore, 1966","L'Oiseau et la Revue Française d'Ornithologie (n.s.), 35, no.spécial p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BEF9EF3",null,null,"Nuqui, Chocó, Colombia.","Additions to the list of birds of the Republic of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/316717#page/165/mode/1up","Heterospingus xanthopygius berliozi"],["32560","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chrysothlypis","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 (1911) p.1080",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tachyphonus chrysomelas [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Chrysothlypis"],["32561","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chrysothlypis salmoni","(Sclater, 1886)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 11 p.27 pl.2 fig.2","Scarlet-and-white Tanager","Scarlet-and-white Tanager","Scarlet-and-white Tanager",null,null,"Pacific slope of Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722287","sawtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sawtan1","avibase-D11A3B3E",null,null,"Remedios, Antioquia [, Colombia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34361#page/51/mode/1up","Dacnis salmoni"],["32562","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chrysothlypis chrysomelas","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.440 pl.32","Black-and-yellow Tanager","Black-and-yellow Tanager","Black-and-yellow Tanager",null,null,"foothill forest and borders on Caribbean slope from northwestern Costa Rica through Panama to far western Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722281","baytan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baytan2","avibase-96D85716",null,null,"Cordillera del Chucu, Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of three new Species of Tanagers from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/528/mode/1up","Tachyphonus chrysomelas"],["32563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chrysothlypis chrysomelas titanota","Olson, 1981","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94, no.2 p.368",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of northern Costa Rica from Alajuela (vicinity of Cerro Santa Maria) southward along eastern base of Cordillera Central and Cordillera de Talamanca to area of Panama border",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-690FC753",null,null,"Bonilla, northern Cartago, Costa Rica. Collected 10 April 1908 by Francisco Basulto","Systematic notes on certain Oscines from Panama and adjacent areas (Aves: Passeriformes).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107604#page/396/mode/1up","Chrysothlypis chrysomelas titanota"],["32564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chrysothlypis chrysomelas chrysomelas","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.440 pl.32",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama (western Chiriquí eastward to vicinity of Cerro Campana, in western Panamá Province)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3BB7CBD",null,null,"Cordillera del Chucu, Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of three new Species of Tanagers from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/528/mode/1up","Tachyphonus chrysomelas"],["32565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chrysothlypis chrysomelas ocularis","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama from Cerro Jefe (and Pacific slope in eastern Panamá Province and Darién) eastward to far northwestern Colombia (Cerro Tacarcuna",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B29AFE0",null,null,"Cana (at 3,500 feet altitude), eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/61/mode/1up","Chrysothlypis chrysomelas ocularis"],["32566","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Hylophilus ruficeps [zu Wied, 1831]; type by original designation = Nemosia ruficapilla Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/37/mode/1up","Hemithraupis"],["32567","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 22 p.491","Yellow-backed Tanager","Yellow-backed Tanager","Yellow-backed Tanager",null,null,"tropical eastern Panama (Darién) to the Guianas and Amazonia, and eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722278","yebtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtan1","avibase-A62F8926",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale [= Cayenne] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60124#page/509/mode/1up","Nemosia flavicollis"],["32568","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis ornata","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope from far eastern Panama (eastern Darién) southward to northern Chocó, Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B057D40",null,null,"[Rio] Truando, [northwestern] Colombia.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/61/mode/1up","Hemithraupis ornatus"],["32569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis albigularis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.291 p.109, pl. 99",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (upper Sinú, lower Cauca, and middle Magdalena Valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0A09469",null,null,"Santa Fé di Bogotá [, Colombia] .","Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/905/mode/1up","Nemosia albigularis"],["32570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis peruana","Bonaparte, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.173,text",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru (north of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-98BA538C",null,null,"Pérou.","Note sur les Tangaras, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles - Suite et fin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/185/mode/1up","Hemithraupis peruana"],["32571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis sororia","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1345 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-75E2E57D",null,null,"Chamicuros, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 51. The genera Chlorothraupis, Creurgops, Eucometis, Nemosia, Hemithraupis and Thlypopsis, with additional notes on Piranga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4208/","Hemithraupis flavicollis sororia"],["32572","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis centralis","(Hellmayr, 1907)","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.350-351",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia and central Brazil (eastward to northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87A60D50",null,null,"Humaytha, [Rio Madeira, Brazil] .","On a collection of birds made by Mr. W. Hoffmanns on the Rio Madeira, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/370/mode/1up","Nemosia flavicollis centralis"],["32573","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis aurigularis","Cherrie, 1916","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35, art.22 p.389",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela (south of Río Orinoco) and northern Brazil (in upper Rio Uaupés and Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D206ED75",null,null,"Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela.","Two new Birds from Venezuela.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1898","Hemithraupis flavicollis aurigularis"],["32574","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis hellmayri","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1082, 1141",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) to western Guyana (Merumé Mountains)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9A81CF39",null,null,"Brit. Guiana (Merume Mts.).","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Hemithraupis flavicollis hellmayri"],["32575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis flavicollis","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 22 p.491",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname, French Guiana, and adjacent Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C7A7C1A3",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale [= Cayenne] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60124#page/509/mode/1up","Nemosia flavicollis"],["32576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis obidensis","Parkes & Humphrey, 1963","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 76 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (along north bank of the lower Amazon River in Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C55E4FC2",null,null,"Óbidos, Pará, Brazil.","Geographic variation and plumage sequence of the tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis in the Guianas and adjacent Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107599#page/105/mode/1up","Hemithraupis flavicollis obidensis"],["32577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis melanoxantha","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E54E9338",null,null,"Bahia [, Brazil] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/54/mode/1up","S[ylvia] melanoxantha"],["32578","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis flavicollis insignis","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.307 p.110-111",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-02CBF668",null,null,"South Brazil [= 'Rio' trade-skin], fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 379.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/146/mode/1up","Nemosia insignis"],["32579","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis ruficapilla","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 22 p.493","Rufous-headed Tanager","Rufous-headed Tanager","Rufous-headed Tanager",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest and woodland in the Atlantic Forest region from eastern Brazil (Bahia), southward to southeastern Brazil (northern Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722275","ruhtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruhtan1","avibase-58332419",null,null,"apporte du Brésil par M. de Lalande fils [= vicinity of Rio de Janeiro] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60124#page/511/mode/1up","Nemosia ruficapilla"],["32580","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis ruficapilla bahiae","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1345 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F77EF9D",null,null,"Jaguaquara, centraleastern Bahia, Brazil ; altitude 2000 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 51. The genera Chlorothraupis, Creurgops, Eucometis, Nemosia, Hemithraupis and Thlypopsis, with additional notes on Piranga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4208/","Hemithraupis ruficapilla bahiae"],["32581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis ruficapilla ruficapilla","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 22 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC1744C1",null,null,"apporte du Brésil par M. de Lalande fils [= vicinity of Rio de Janeiro] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60124#page/511/mode/1up","Nemosia ruficapilla"],["32582","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.335","Guira Tanager","Guira Tanager","Guira Tanager",null,null,"western and central Colombia through Amazonia to eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722272","guitan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guitan1","avibase-0C58C65E",null,null,"northeastern Brazil ; restricted to Pernambuco by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1083.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/339/mode/1up","Motacilla Guira"],["32583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira nigrigula","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Colombia to northern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0696052",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/67/mode/1up","Tanagra nigrigula"],["32584","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira roraimae","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela and Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C5192EB9",null,null,"Roraima Mountain in British Guiana, at an elevation of 3500 feet [= Mt. Roraima, Venezuela] .","Descriptions of two new races of Neotropical birds from Chiriqui and British Guiana.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/360/mode/1up","Nemosia guira roraimae"],["32585","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira guirina","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.307 p.110",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Colombia to western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3015BD05",null,null,"New Grenada, Bogotá; East Peru; restricted to Antioquia, Colombia, by Zimmer, 1947, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1345, p. 8.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/146/mode/1up","Nemosia guirina"],["32586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira huambina","Sztolcman, 1926","Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5 p.233",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Brazil (eastward to Rio Madeira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5C7BCC5",null,null,"Huambo, northeastern Peru.","Révision des oiseaux néotropicaux de la collection du Musée Polonais d'Histoire Naturelle à Varsovie. 1.",null,"Hemithraupis guira huambina"],["32587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira boliviana","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1345 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina and adjacent western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0F6239E9",null,null,"Todos Santos, Province of Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 51. The genera Chlorothraupis, Creurgops, Eucometis, Nemosia, Hemithraupis and Thlypopsis, with additional notes on Piranga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4208/","Hemithraupis guira boliviana"],["32588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira amazonica","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1345 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Madeira to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1104B293",null,null,"Tauary, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós] (right bank) , Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 51. The genera Chlorothraupis, Creurgops, Eucometis, Nemosia, Hemithraupis and Thlypopsis, with additional notes on Piranga.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4208/","Hemithraupis guira amazonica"],["32589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira guira","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Rio Tocantins to Ceará, Goiás, and northwestern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8ECD5714",null,null,"northeastern Brazil ; restricted to Pernambuco by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1083.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/339/mode/1up","Motacilla Guira"],["32590","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Hemithraupis guira fosteri","(Sharpe, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to northeastern Argentina and interior southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D76A5A6B",null,null,"Sapucay, Paraguay.","On three new species of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/708/mode/1up","Nemosia fosteri"],["32591","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Creurgops","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Creurgops verticalis [Sclater, PL, 1858]; type by monotypy",null,"Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/107/mode/1up","Creurgops"],["32592","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Creurgops verticalis","Sclater, 1858","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.73 pl.132 fig.2","Rufous-crested Tanager","Rufous-crested Tanager","Rufous-crested Tanager",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and eastern Peru (Ayacucho)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722363","ructan4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ructan4","avibase-500BA227",null,null,"Río Napo, [eastern] Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/107/mode/1up","Creurgops verticalis"],["32593","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Creurgops dentatus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.353 pl.31","Slaty Tanager","Slaty Tanager","Slaty Tanager",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru to western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722366","slatan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slatan2","avibase-31CE5A53",null,null,"Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas [=Yungas of La Paz], Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/441/mode/1up","Malacothraupis dentata"],["32594","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Volatinia","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxix",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra jacarina [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 78).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/183/mode/1up","Volatinia"],["32595","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Volatinia jacarina","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.314","Blue-black Grassquit","Blue-black Grassquit","Blue-black Grassquit",null,null,"northern Mexico southward to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, central and eastern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723396","blbgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbgra1","avibase-C50D59CF",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/318/mode/1up","Tanagra jacarina"],["32596","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Volatinia jacarina splendens","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 12 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Mexico to northern South America including Trinidad and Tobago, and Grenada",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4066EB8",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/187/mode/1up","Fringilla splendens"],["32597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Volatinia jacarina jacarina","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, central and eastern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D300FB60",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/318/mode/1up","Tanagra jacarina"],["32598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Volatinia jacarina peruviensis","(Peale, 1849)","Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. VIII: Mammalia and ornithology. 1st ed. 8 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Pacific slope of Ecuador, Peru, and far northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2D80FA6",null,null,"brushy and sterile districts between Callao and Lima, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/348055#page/135/mode/1up","Geospiza peruviensis"],["32599","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conothraupis","Sclater, 1880","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.14 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Schistochlamys speculigera [Gould, 1855]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/276/mode/1up","Conothraupis"],["32600","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conothraupis speculigera","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.288 p.69","Black-and-white Tanager","Black-and-white Tanager","Black-and-white Tanager",null,null,"locally from western Ecuador to northwestern Peru; eastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722133","bawtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawtan1","avibase-FEAFE529",null,null,"River Ucayali in Peru.","Descriptions of Eight New Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/825/mode/1up","Schistochlamys speculigera"],["32601","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conothraupis mesoleuca","(Berlioz, 1939)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.102","Cone-billed Tanager","Cone-billed Tanager","Cone-billed Tanager",null,null,"southwestern Brazil (Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul, rediscovered in 2003)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722136","cobtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cobtan2","avibase-16460BF4",null,null,"Juruena, north-east of Cuyabá, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso, Central Brazil].","A new Genus and Species of Tanager from Central Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125355#page/132/mode/1up","Rhynchothraupis mesoleuca"],["32602","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.308 p.117",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra penicillata [von Spix, 1825]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 72).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/153/mode/1up","Eucometis"],["32603","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.36, pl.49, f.1","Grey-headed Tanager","Gray-headed Tanager","Grey-headed Tanager",null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Veracruz and Yucatán) to northern Colombia and far western Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722343","grhtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhtan1","avibase-05296BB4",null,null,"no locality ; Fonteboa, Amazonas [= Fonte Boa, Rio Solimões, Brazil] suggested by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/50/mode/1up","Tanagra penicillata"],["32604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata pallida","Berlepsch, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.451-454",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Veracruz and Yucatán) to eastern Guatemala",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C74B37E",null,null,"Yucatan.","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Eucometis spodocephala pallida"],["32605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata spodocephalus","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37, no.25 p.922",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical Nicaragua and Pacific slope of Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E72E0C06",null,null,"Nicaragua.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/932/mode/1up","Chlorospingus spodocephalus"],["32606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata stictothorax","Berlepsch, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.451-454",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (eastward to Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D59952CA",null,null,"Veragua [= Chiriquí, Panama].","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Eucometis spodocephala stictothorax"],["32607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata cristata","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 22, pt.1 p.153",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to northern Colombia and far western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B499888A",null,null,"Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53663#page/169/mode/1up","Pipilopsis cristata"],["32608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata affinis","Berlepsch, 1888","The Auk 5, no.4 p.451-454",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Venezuela (Falcón to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10839BEB",null,null,"Pto. Cabello [= Carabobo] , Venezuela.","Supplement. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of birds from the neotropical region.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol5/iss4/48/","Eucometis cristata affinis"],["32609","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata penicillata","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.36, pl.49, f.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia east of Andes to the Guianas, eastern Peru, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7091C5A4",null,null,"no locality ; Fonteboa, Amazonas [= Fonte Boa, Rio Solimões, Brazil] suggested by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 117.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/50/mode/1up","Tanagra penicillata"],["32610","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Eucometis penicillata albicollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and south-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-723C6154",null,null,"Chiquitos [, Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/149/mode/1up","P[yranga] albicollis"],["32611","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Heliothraupis","Lane, Burns, Klicka & Price-Waldman, 2021","The Auk 138 p.6 [1-17]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Heliothraupis oneilli [Lane, Justiniano, Rheindt et al., 2021]",null,"A new genus and species of tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/138/4/ukab059/6414067","Heliothraupis"],["32612","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Heliothraupis oneilli","Lane, Aponte Justiniano, Rheindt et al., 2021","The Auk 138 p.6 [1-17]","Inti Tanager","Inti Tanager","Inti Tanager","2025-0434","<em>Heliothraupis oneilli</em> is recognized as a new species and genus following Lane et al. (2021). Both genomic and multilocus DNA data show that<em> H. oneilli</em> forms a clade with <em>Trichothraupis</em> and <em>Eucometis</em>; future generic revisions of this complex may be warranted.","incompletely known; breeds in northern Bolivia (Machariapo Valley in La Paz); migratory, probably wintering in lower montane forest in southeastern Peru, where currently known from a few sightings in Cusco (Kosñipata Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216557638","saptan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saptan1","avibase-543A1887",null,null,"BOLIVIA: dept. La Paz; Prov. Franz Tamayo, loc. ANMI. Madidi, valle del Machariapo, ca. 33 km NW Apolo, 14 ° 26.4’S, 68 ° 31.9’W, elevation 960 m.","A new genus and species of tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/138/4/ukab059/6414067","Heliothraupis oneilli"],["32613","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Trichothraupis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tachyphonus quadricolor [Vieillot, 1819]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 72). = Muscicapa melanops Vieillot, 1818  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/39/mode/1up","Trichothraupis"],["32614","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Trichothraupis melanops","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.452","Black-goggled Tanager","Black-goggled Tanager","Black-goggled Tanager",null,null,"Andes of Peru and western Bolivia; eastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722406","blgtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blgtan1","avibase-3EA3B6D4",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/462/mode/1up","Muscicapa melanops"],["32615","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Trichothraupis melanops melanops","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 21 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84F905FB",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60114#page/462/mode/1up","Muscicapa melanops"],["32616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Trichothraupis melanops griseonota","Cavarzere, Costa, Cabanne et al., 2024","Zootaxa 5468, no.3 p.541-556",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0269BC12",null,null,"BOLIVIA, Buenavista, Santa Cruz, 30 July 1916, J. Steinbach leg., 450 m.","A new species of tanager (Aves: Thraupidae) from the Eastern slopes of the Andes.","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381377856","Trichothraupis griseonota"],["32617","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus","Jarocki, 1821","Zoologiia czyli zwiérzętopismo ogólne: podług náynowszego systematu ułożone 2 p.133.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra cristata [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=1539","Loriotus"],["32618","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.317","Flame-crested Tanager","Flame-crested Tanager",null,null,null,"tropical rainforest, gallery, and savanna forest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil southward across Amazonia to southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and south-central Brazil (southern Mato Grosso), also eastward and southward to the Cerrado (Tocantins and Goiás), and in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte southward to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,"flctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flctan1","avibase-C9AFBE36",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/321/mode/1up","Tanagra cristata"],["32619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus cristatus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"French Guiana and northeastern Brazil (north of Amazon River and east of Rio Nhamundá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6175386D",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/321/mode/1up","Tanagra cristata"],["32620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus intercedens","(Berlepsch, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.113",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (east of Río Caroní) eastward to Guyana and Suriname",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-916F6499",null,null,"Orinoco district or Trinidad; Bartica Grove, British Guiana, suggested by Bradbourne and Chubb, 1912, Birds South Amer., p. 421.","Preliminary Descriptions of new Birds from South America, and Remarks on some described Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/137/mode/1up","Tachyphonus intercedens"],["32621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus orinocensis","(Zimmer & Phelps, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1274 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E5108CC",null,null,"Sanariapo, middle Orinoco River, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela ; altitude 130 meters.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2300/","Tachyphonus cristatus orinocensis"],["32622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus cristatellus","(Sclater, 1862)","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.86 & footnote *",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1258A6C1",null,null,"New Granada [= Bogotá, Colombia, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1075] ; Villavicencio, Colombia, suggested by Dugand and Borrero, 1946, Caldasia (Inst. Cienc. Nat. U. Nac. Colombia), 4(17), p. 164.",null,null,"Tachyphonus cristatellus"],["32623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus fallax","(Zimmer, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1304 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (southeastern Nariño), eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru (southward to lower Río Ucayali)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4FCD39F3",null,null,"Puerto Indiana, mouth of the Río Napo, Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 50. The genera Ramphocelus, Piranga, Habia, Lanio and Tachyphonus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4454/","Tachyphonus cristatus fallax"],["32624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus huarandosae","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.187 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Huarandosa (in Chinchipe Valley, near Marañón Valley) in northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8031BA68",null,null,"Huarandosa, 3000 ft., Chinchipe Valley, near the Río Marañón, northern Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Ecuador and Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4557/","Tachyphonus cristatus huarandosae"],["32625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus madeirae","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Novitates Zoologicae 17, no.3 p.277",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil south of Amazon River (from Tefé eastward to Rio Xingu and southward to Mato Grosso), also adjacent southeastern Peru (eastern Madre de Dios) and adjacent northern Bolivia (Pando and northern Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47A1E5BF",null,null,"Calama [, Rio Madeira, Brazil].","The birds of the Rio Madeira.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/301/mode/1up","Tachyphonus cristatus madeirae"],["32626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus pallidigula","(Zimmer, 1945)","American Museum Novitates no.1304 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Pará and lower Rio Tocantins)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1C86A864",null,null,"Mocajuba, Rio Tocantins, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 50. The genera Ramphocelus, Piranga, Habia, Lanio and Tachyphonus.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4454/","Tachyphonus cristatus pallidigula"],["32627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus cristatus brunneus","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.37, pl.49, f.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte southward, discontinuously, to northeastern Santa Catarina; possibly also Maranhão eastward to Paraíba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BC6B01B",null,null,"in Provincia Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/51/mode/1up","Tanagra brunnea"],["32628","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus rufiventer","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.37, pl.50, f.1","Yellow-crested Tanager","Yellow-crested Tanager","Yellow-crested Tanager",null,null,"eastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia and adjacent western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722385","yectan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yectan1","avibase-6C810114",null,null,"in sylvis Parae ; error, São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil, substituted by Hellmayr, 1920, Archiv f. Naturg., ser. A, 85(10), p. 28. Not preoccupied by Tanagra rufiventris Vieillot, 1819 (cf. Zimmer, 1945, Amer. Mus. Novit, no. 1304, p. 23).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/51/mode/1up","Tanagra rufiventer"],["32629","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus luctuosus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.29","White-shouldered Tanager","White-shouldered Tanager","White-shouldered Tanager",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest from eastern Honduras southward to northwestern Colombia, the Pacific lowlands southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent Peru, northern Colombia and western Venezuela to Trinidad and the Guianas, southward in interior Colombia to the headwaters of the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, east of the Andes in western Venezuela southward along the base of the Andes to northeastern Colombia, southward in the western Amazon basin to central Bolivia, and southward across the Amazon basin to south-central Brazil and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722391","whstan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whstan1","avibase-47CB5669",null,null,"Guarayos [Bolivia].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/145/mode/1up","T[achyphonus] luctuosus"],["32630","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus luctuosus axillaris","(Lawrence, 1874)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 10 p.395",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras to western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CE399F27",null,null,"Costa Rica, Volcán de Irazú [=Talamanca, Costa Rica, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1077].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54532#page/415/mode/1up","Chlorospingus axillaris"],["32631","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus luctuosus nitidissimus","(Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B1FE46CB",null,null,"Bugaba [, Chiriquí, Panama].","On some Collections of Birds from Veragua. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/246/mode/1up","Tachyphonus nitidissimus"],["32632","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus luctuosus panamensis","(Todd, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia, western Ecuador, and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85E21FE3",null,null,"Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.","New genera, species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/154/mode/1up","Tachyphonus luctuosus panamensis"],["32633","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus luctuosus luctuosus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia east of Andes to Bolivia, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-569195AE",null,null,"Guarayos [Bolivia].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/145/mode/1up","T[achyphonus] luctuosus"],["32634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loriotus luctuosus flaviventris","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.306 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"far northeastern Venezuela (Sucre) and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CB3F710",null,null,"Trinidad; Bolivia?; restricted to Trinidad by Zimmer, 1945, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1304, p. 24.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/127/mode/1up","Chlorospingus flaviventris"],["32635","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.145",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla cristata [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 73). = Fringilla cucullata Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/161/mode/1up","Coryphospingus"],["32636","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus cucullatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.166","Red Pileated Finch","Red-crested Finch","Red-crested Finch",null,null,"locally from southern Colombia eastward to the Guianas, and southward to central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723051","recfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recfin1","avibase-632FA6BD",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/186/mode/1up","Fringilla cucullata"],["32637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus cucullatus cucullatus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (eastward to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5B5A93DE",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/186/mode/1up","Fringilla cucullata"],["32638","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus cucullatus rubescens","(Swainson, 1825)","The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts 20 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to central and southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B30B0698",null,null,"sent from Rio de Janeiro.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19689#page/78/mode/1up","Tachyphonus rubescens"],["32639","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus cucullatus fargoi","Brodkorb, 1938","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.367 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"base of the east slope of the Andes in southern Colombia (Putumayo) and eastern Ecuador southward to the Marañón Valley of far southeastern Ecuador (southern Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas), south-central Peru (Urubamba Valley in Cusco), and from northern Bolivia (La Paz) southward to western Paraguay and northern Argentina (southward to San Luis, La Pampa, and northern Buenos Aires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-532D9F9F",null,null,"265 km. west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay.","Five new Birds from the Paraguayan Chaco.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56806","Coryphospingus cucullatus fargoi"],["32640","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus pileatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.160, note","Grey Pileated Finch","Pileated Finch","Pileated Finch",null,null,"Colombia in upper Magdalena Valley and arid northern Colombia and Venezuela, and east-central Brazil (Ceará and Piauí to Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723047","pilfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilfin1","avibase-FBCA67B2",null,null,"Barra da Vareda, Rio Pardo, southern Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/568/mode/1up","Fringilla pileata"],["32641","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus pileatus rostratus","Miller, 1947","The Auk 64, no.3 p.377",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (arid upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BEA658C9",null,null,"Villavieja, 435 m., Huila, Colombia.","The tropical avifauna of the upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol64/iss3/1/","Coryphospingus pileatus rostratus"],["32642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus pileatus brevicaudus","Cory, 1916","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to northern Venezuela (including Isla Margarita)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C245E51A",null,null,"Isla de Margarita, Venezuela.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/17/mode/1up","Coryphospingus pileatus brevicaudus"],["32643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphospingus pileatus pileatus","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.160, note",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil (Ceará and Piauí to Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7118A956",null,null,"Barra da Vareda, Rio Pardo, southern Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/568/mode/1up","Fringilla pileata"],["32644","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhodospingus","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.808",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tiaris cruentus [Lesson, 1844]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/828/mode/1up","Rhodospingus"],["32645","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhodospingus cruentus","(Lesson, 1844)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.435","Crimson-breasted Finch","Crimson-breasted Finch","Crimson-breasted Finch",null,null,"arid scrub of western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723055","crbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbfin1","avibase-4ED9C1DB",null,null,"'les provinces baignees par l'Ocean Pacifique et notamment celle de Guayaquil,' Ecuador.","Oiseaux nouveaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/443/mode/1up","Tiaris cruentus"],["32646","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tangara fulva [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Tangara fulva Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f46.item","Lanio"],["32647","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio versicolor","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.28","White-winged Shrike-Tanager","White-winged Shrike-Tanager","White-winged Shrike-tanager",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the southern Amazon basin from northeastern Peru (Loreto), southward along the base of the Andes to central Bolivia, and eastward across Brazil, south of the Amazon River (to eastern Pará, west of the Rio Tocantins)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722351","wwstan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wwstan1","avibase-F2DED854",null,null,"Yuracares, (rep. Boliviam).","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/144/mode/1up","T[achyphonus] versicolor"],["32648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio versicolor versicolor","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Peru (south of Río Marañón) to northern Bolivia and western Brazil (east to Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C711D86",null,null,"Yuracares, (rep. Boliviam).","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/144/mode/1up","T[achyphonus] versicolor"],["32649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio versicolor parvus","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1073, 1140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Amazonian Brazil (from Rio Tapajós eastward to lower Rio Tocantins and northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-563721C3",null,null,"Sta. Elena, Rio Jamauchim, easterly affluent of the Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], n. Brazil.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Lanio versicolor parvus"],["32650","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio fulvus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.50","Fulvous Shrike-Tanager","Fulvous Shrike-Tanager","Fulvous Shrike-tanager",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the foothills of the Andes in northeastern Colombia and adjacent western Venezuela, in the Orinoco basin of eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazon basin, north of the Amazon River, from southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and eastward to northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722347","fustan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fustan1","avibase-FD883BFD",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/72/mode/1up","Tangara fulva"],["32651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio fulvus peruvianus","Carriker, 1934","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 86 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia (east of the Andes) to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ACF82F8",null,null,"Moyobamba, Dept. San Martin, Peru, altitude 3500 feet.","Description of new Birds from Peru, with notes on the nomenclature and status of other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064152","Lanio atricapillus peruvianus"],["32652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio fulvus fulvus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.50",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EDAF0427",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/72/mode/1up","Tangara fulva"],["32653","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio aurantius","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.204","Black-throated Shrike-Tanager","Black-throated Shrike-Tanager","Black-throated Shrike-tanager",null,null,"Gulf-Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Mexico to northwestern Honduras",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722355","btstan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btstan1","avibase-1D35BB7C",null,null,"Colombia ; error, Guatemala suggested by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1072.","Sur le Lanion huppé, Lanio cristatus de Vieillot, et sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Lanion.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/218/mode/1up","Lanio Aurantius"],["32654","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio leucothorax","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.581","White-throated Shrike-Tanager","White-throated Shrike-Tanager","White-throated Shrike-tanager",null,null,"lowland forest of Caribbean slope from northeastern Honduras through central Panama, and Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and far western Panama",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722359","wtstan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtstan1","avibase-B08CF996",null,null,"Tucurriqui, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/677/mode/1up","Lanio leucothorax"],["32655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio leucothorax leucothorax","Salvin, 1865","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.581",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Honduras to eastern Nicaragua and eastern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-33D1F442",null,null,"Tucurriqui, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Birds from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/677/mode/1up","Lanio leucothorax"],["32656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio leucothorax reversus","Bangs & Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Costa Rica (Nicoya Peninsula, Puntarenas, and Las Agujas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F66DC93",null,null,"Las Agujas, Puntarenas, Costa Rica.","New or Little-known Birds from Costa Rica.",null,"Lanio leucothorax reversus"],["32657","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio leucothorax melanopygius","Salvin & Godman, 1883","Biologia centrali-americana: Aves 1 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and Pacific slope of western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CFDBB389",null,null,"Bugaba [, Chiriquí], Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118352#page/355/mode/1up","Lanio melanopygius"],["32658","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lanio leucothorax ictus","Kennard & Peters, 1927","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 10 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"far northwestern Panama (Almirante Bay environs)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0D955C6",null,null,"Boquete Trail (2300 feet altitude), northwestern Panama.","New Birds from Panama.",null,"Lanio leucothorax ictus"],["32659","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.33",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tangara rufa [Boddaert, 1783]; type by monotypy = Tangara rufa Boddaert, 1783  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f39.item","Tachyphonus"],["32660","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus surinamus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.297","Fulvous-crested Tanager","Fulvous-crested Tanager","Fulvous-crested Tanager",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Guiana Shield and the Orinoco and Amazon basins, from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to south-central Brazil (northern Mato Grosso and Rondônia), and to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722388","fuctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fuctan1","avibase-A90F77DC",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/301/mode/1up","Turdus surinamus"],["32661","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus surinamus surinamus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Brazil north of the Amazon River (eastward from Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4A39F78D",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/301/mode/1up","Turdus surinamus"],["32662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus surinamus brevipes","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.206-207",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northwestern Brazil (north of Amazon River), eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAE62E5A",null,null,"Colombie [= Bogotá] .","Sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/220/mode/1up","Tachyphonus brevipes"],["32663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus surinamus napensis","Lawrence, 1864","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2 p.42",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Peru (south of the Amazon River) and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B946A27F",null,null,"Napo River ; part error, Orosa, Peru, suggested by Zimmer, 1945, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1304, p. 21.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/62/mode/1up","Tachyphonus Napensis"],["32664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus surinamus insignis","Hellmayr, 1906","Novitates Zoologicae 13, no.2 p.357-358",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil south of the Amazon River (lower Rio Madeira to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-880121D7",null,null,"Bemfica, Pará [, Brazil].","Notes on a second collection of birds from the district of Pará, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/371/mode/1up","Tachyphonus surinamus insignis"],["32665","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus delatrii","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.72","Tawny-crested Tanager","Tawny-crested Tanager","Tawny-crested Tanager",null,null,"tropical eastern Honduras to western Ecuador; Isla Gorgona (off Colombia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722394","tactan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tactan1","avibase-D145C517",null,null,"St-Bonaventure [= Buenaventura, Colombia] .","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/80/mode/1up","Tachyphonus Delatrii"],["32666","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus phoenicius","Swainson, 1838","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.311","Red-shouldered Tanager","Red-shouldered Tanager","Red-shouldered Tanager",null,null,"the Guianas and southern Venezuela to northeastern Peru and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722403","restan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/restan1","avibase-20F07F6E",null,null,"Fernando Po, on the African coast; error, eastern Peru suggested by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 116. 1",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/323/mode/1up","Tachyphonus phoenicius"],["32667","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus rufus","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.44","White-lined Tanager","White-lined Tanager","White-lined Tanager",null,null,"lowlands of Costa Rica to northern Argentina and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722400","whltan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whltan1","avibase-ED7DE021",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/66/mode/1up","Tangara rufa"],["32668","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tachyphonus coronatus","(Vieillot, 1822)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 2, livr.91 p.711","Ruby-crowned Tanager","Ruby-crowned Tanager","Ruby-crowned Tanager",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722397","ructan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ructan1","avibase-68825475",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208154#page/319/mode/1up","A[gelaius] Coronatus"],["32669","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus","Desmarest, 1805","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.1 p.1 textpl.28",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra bresilia [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 148).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208835#page/117/mode/1up","Ramphocelus"],["32670","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus sanguinolentus","(Lesson, 1831)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.107 pl.39","Crimson-collared Tanager","Crimson-collared Tanager","Crimson-collared Tanager",null,null,"lowland forest edge from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico except northern Yucatan Peninsula) through western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722494","crctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crctan1","avibase-690C5AB4",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/187/mode/1up","Tanagra (Tachyphonus) sanguinolentus"],["32671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus","(Lesson, 1831)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) p.107 pl.39",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Mexico (Veracruz) to Guatemala and Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-415E7BDA",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/187/mode/1up","Tanagra (Tachyphonus) sanguinolentus"],["32672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus sanguinolentus apricus","(Bangs, 1908)","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Honduras to northwestern Panama (Almirante Bay)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-42E8F0B6",null,null,"Carrillo, Costa Rica.","On certain Costa Rican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/45/mode/1up","Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta aprica"],["32673","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus passerinii","Bonaparte, 1831","Antologia. Giornale di Scienze, Lettere e Arti 44 p.164","Scarlet-rumped Tanager","Scarlet-rumped Tanager","Scarlet-rumped Tanager","2025-0618","Taxon <em>costaricensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ramphocelus passerinii</em> based on minor differences in plumage and vocalizations, similar response to playback (Freeman &amp; Montgomery 2017), and relatively low mitochondrial DNA divergence (Hackett 1996).","edge and gardens of lowlands and foothills of Caribbean slope from southeastern Veracruz and northeastern Oaxaca (southeastern Mexico) through Nicaragua, and on both slopes in Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731264","y00599","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/y00599","avibase-CF8B8AB4",null,null,"in Insula Cuba; error, Guatemala substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1060.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37779#page/166/mode/1up","Ramphocelus Passerinii"],["32674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus passerinii passerinii","Bonaparte, 1831","Antologia. Giornale di Scienze, Lettere e Arti 44 p.164",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic slope of Central America, from southern Mexico (southeastern Veracruz and northeastern Oaxaca) to western Panama (Ngäbe-Buglé)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A6717C60",null,null,"in Insula Cuba; error, Guatemala substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1060.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37779#page/166/mode/1up","Ramphocelus Passerinii"],["32675","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus passerinii costaricensis","Cherrie, 1891","The Auk 8, no.1 p.62",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica (Puntarenas) and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2538DA15",null,null,"Pozo Azul [de Pirris], Costa Rica.","Description of a new species of Ramphocelus from Costa Rica.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol8/iss1/12/","Ramphocelus costaricensis"],["32676","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus flammigerus","(Jardine & Selby, 1833)","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.9 pl.131, with text","Flame-rumped Tanager","Flame-rumped Tanager","Flame-rumped Tanager","2025-0619","Taxon <em>icteronotus </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Ramphocelus flammigerus</em> based on low divergence and lack of geographic structure in mitochondrial DNA, and concordant clines in plumage across a hybrid zone (Morales-Rozo et al. 2017).","humid to semi-humid forest and adjacent open areas from western Panama southward along the Pacific slope to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru, and in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Cauca and upper Magdalena valleys",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722519","flrtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flrtan1","avibase-BCF7B722",null,null,"Some part of the district upon the Columbia River; Antioquia, Colombia, substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1060.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/305/mode/1up","Ramphopis flammigerus"],["32677","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus flammigerus flammigerus","(Jardine & Selby, 1833)","Illustrations of ornithology 3, pt.9 pl.131, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (middle Cauca Valley southward to Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B04DBAA2",null,null,"Some part of the district upon the Columbia River; Antioquia, Colombia, substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1060.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333356#page/305/mode/1up","Ramphopis flammigerus"],["32678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus flammigerus icteronotus","Bonaparte, 1838","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 1, no.1 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"humid lowlands of Panama to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E666597F",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale ; Ecuador occ. substituted as type locality by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1061.","Nouvelle espèce d'oiseau du genre Rhamphocèle.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19574#page/14/mode/1up","R[h]amphocelus icteronotus"],["32679","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus bresilia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.314","Brazilian Tanager","Brazilian Tanager","Brazilian Tanager","2025-N041","<em>Ramphocelus bresilius</em> has also been used. Usage of <em>bresilia </em>follows Schodde &amp; Bock (2016).","humid shrubbery and open areas in the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte southward to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722510","bratan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bratan1","avibase-99CA86E3",null,null,"based on Brisson, Edwards, Marcgrave, etc. in India Occidentali et Orientali; error, Pernambuco, eastern Brazil (ex Marcgrave) suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 244.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/318/mode/1up","Tanagra bresilia"],["32680","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus bresilia bresilia","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.314",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Paraíba to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C3C0A2F",null,null,"based on Brisson, Edwards, Marcgrave, etc. in India Occidentali et Orientali; error, Pernambuco, eastern Brazil (ex Marcgrave) suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 244.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/318/mode/1up","Tanagra bresilia"],["32681","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus bresilia dorsalis","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-127FDD04",null,null,"In imp. Brasiliensi; Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1057.","Characters of some New or imperfectly-described Species of Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/391/mode/1up","Ramphocelus dorsalis"],["32682","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus nigrogularis","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.35, pl.47, f.1-2","Masked Crimson Tanager","Masked Crimson Tanager","Masked Crimson Tanager",null,null,"humid southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722497","mactan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mactan1","avibase-73179694",null,null,"ad flumen Solimoens in sylvis pagi St. Pauli [= São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/49/mode/1up","Tanagra nigrogularis"],["32683","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus dimidiatus","de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 text to pl.81, p.2; pl.81","Crimson-backed Tanager","Crimson-backed Tanager","Crimson-backed Tanager",null,null,"humid forest and borders from western Costa Rica and adjacent Panama (including Coiba and Pearl Islands), eastward to northern Colombia and western Venezuela, and in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Cauca and Magdalena valleys; introduced to Tahiti (Windward Society Islands, eastern Polynesia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722500","crbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crbtan1","avibase-32121D98",null,null,"du sud du Mexique et de Carthagene (Nouvelle-Grenade) ; type from Cartagena, Colombia, fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 406.","NOTICE sur le groupe des TANGARAS RHAMPHOCÈLES et sur toutes les espèces qui le composent, et description d'une nouvelle espèce de cette division.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/206/mode/1up","Ramphocelus dimidiatus"],["32684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus dimidiatus arestus","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-059505BB",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/327/mode/1up","Ramphocelus dimidiatus arestus"],["32685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus dimidiatus limatus","Bangs, 1901","The Auk 18, no.1 p.31-32",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (Bay of Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-816500C7",null,null,"San Miguel [= El Rey] Island, Panama.","Birds of San Miguel Island, Panama.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol18/iss1/3/","Rhamphocelus limatus"],["32686","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus dimidiatus dimidiatus","de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 text to pl.81, p.2; pl.81",null,null,null,null,null,"western Panama across northern Colombia (southward to upper Cauca Valley, middle Magdalena Valley, and Norte de Santander) to western Venezuela (Maracaibo region and western slope of Andes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87CAFC15",null,null,"du sud du Mexique et de Carthagene (Nouvelle-Grenade) ; type from Cartagena, Colombia, fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 406.","NOTICE sur le groupe des TANGARAS RHAMPHOCÈLES et sur toutes les espèces qui le composent, et description d'une nouvelle espèce de cette division.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/206/mode/1up","Ramphocelus dimidiatus"],["32687","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus dimidiatus molochinus","Meyer de Schauensee, 1950","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 102 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E0BB9440",null,null,"San Agustín, 5100 ft., Huila, Colombia,.","Colombian Zoological Survey. Part VII. A collection of birds from Bolivar, Colombia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064406","Ramphocelus dimidiatus molochinus"],["32688","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus melanogaster","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.359","Huallaga Tanager","Black-bellied Tanager","Huallaga Tanager",null,null,"humid forest and scrub in the Río Mayo and upper Río Huallaga valleys in northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722503","bkbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbtan1","avibase-FECD4A7C",null,null,"Peru ; Moyobamba [, San Martin] suggested by Zimmer, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 97.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/371/mode/1up","Rhamphopis melanogaster"],["32689","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus melanogaster melanogaster","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of northern Peru (San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DDA7F86C",null,null,"Peru ; Moyobamba [, San Martin] suggested by Zimmer, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 97.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/371/mode/1up","Rhamphopis melanogaster"],["32690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus melanogaster transitus","Zimmer, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.2 p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Peru (upper Huallaga Valley in Huánuco and San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CA98C1EB",null,null,"Chinchao, Peru; altitude 5700 feet.","New Birds from Peru, Brazil and Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/115/mode/1up","Ramphocelus melanogaster transitus"],["32691","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.2 no.114 & 115","Silver-beaked Tanager","Silver-beaked Tanager","Silver-beaked Tanager",null,null,"humid forest borders and adjacent open areas from northern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Trinidad southward across the Amazon basin to southeastern Bolivia, adjacent Paraguay, and in Brazil southward to the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil (Paraná and adjacent Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722507","sibtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sibtan2","avibase-EF01FD76",null,null,"Surinam [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Lanius (Carbo)"],["32692","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo unicolor","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.308 p.128-129",null,null,null,null,null,"east base of eastern Andes of Colombia (Cundinamarca and Meta)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF244EA8",null,null,"New Grenada, Bogotá.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers. Part II.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/164/mode/1up","Ramphocelus unicolor"],["32693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo capitalis","Allen, 1892","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4, no.1, art.5 p.51-52",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela (northeastern Anzoátegui to southeastern Monagas and Delta Amacuro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93EB7F79",null,null,"El Pilar, near Carupano [Sucre], Venezuela.","Notice of Some Venezuelan Birds collected by Mrs. H. H. Smith.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/783","Ramphocoelus atrosericeus capitalis"],["32694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo magnirostris","de Lafresnaye, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.243",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad; single specimen from northeastern Venezuela (Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-44A771E0",null,null,"in Sanctae-Trinitatis insula.","Sur le genre Ramphocelus, Desm, et trois nouvelles espèces qui lui appartiennent.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/263/mode/1up","Ramphocelus magnirostris"],["32695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo carbo","(Pallas, 1764)","Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.2 no.114 & 115",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to the Guianas, eastern Peru, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67785F24",null,null,"Surinam [reference not verified] .",null,null,"Lanius (Carbo)"],["32696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo venezuelensis","de Lafresnaye, 1853","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.5 p.243-244",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ACDED04",null,null,"Venezuela, type from Caracas, fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 407.","Sur le genre Ramphocelus, Desm, et trois nouvelles espèces qui lui appartiennent.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48709#page/263/mode/1up","Ramphocelus Venezuelensis"],["32697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo connectens","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.344",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cusco) to northwestern Bolivia (Río Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-79AD9B20",null,null,"La Merced [, Chanchamayo] , Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/402/mode/1up","Rhamphocelus jacapa connectens"],["32698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo atrosericeus","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F86BEBBF",null,null,"Yungas, Chiquitos, in Bolivia [= slopes of the range outside of San Jose de Chiquitos, Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, vide Paynter, 1968, Check-list Birds World, 14, p. 60] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/150/mode/1up","R[amphocelus] atrosericeus"],["32699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ramphocelus carbo centralis","Hellmayr, 1920","Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Zeitschrift für systematische Zoologie. Neue Folge n.s., 85, Abth. A, Heft 10 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil and adjacent eastern Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E6D62E09",null,null,"Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Geraes, Brazil.","Ein Beitrag zur Ornithologie von Südost-Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/163171#page/306/mode/1up","R[amphocelus] c[arbo] centralis"],["32700","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Charitospiza","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.1 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla ornata [zu Wied-Neuwied, 1821]; type by original designation (= Charitospiza eucosma Oberholser, 1905)",null,"Notes of the Nomenclature of Certain Genera of Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/135/mode/1up","Charitospiza"],["32701","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Charitospiza eucosma","Oberholser, 1905","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 48, no.1 p.67","Coal-crested Finch","Coal-crested Finch","Coalcrest",null,null,"Campos of northeastern Bolivia to northeastern and central Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723036","cocfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocfin2","avibase-F42F4D18",null,null,"Fazenda Valo [= Geral do Valo] , near frontier of Minas Gerais, Bahia.","Notes of the Nomenclature of Certain Genera of Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94934#page/135/mode/1up","Charitospiza eucosma"],["32702","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Conirostrum cinereum [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838]; type by monotypy",null,"Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/199/mode/1up","Conirostrum"],["32703","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum margaritae","(Holt, 1931)","The Auk 48, no.4 p.570","Pearly-breasted Conebill","Pearly-breasted Conebill","Pearly-breasted Conebill",null,null,"tropical northeastern Peru (Loreto), western Amazonian Brazil, and adjacent Bolivia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722093","pebcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pebcon1","avibase-51CE233C",null,null,"north bank of Rio Amazonas at Ceo de Arary, above Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil.","A new Honey Creeper from the Amazon.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol48/iss4/12/","Ateleodacnis margaritae"],["32704","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum bicolor","(Vieillot, 1809)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.32 pl.90","Bicolored Conebill","Bicolored Conebill","Bicolored Conebill",null,null,"mangroves and young shrubby thickets in river islands in the northern coast of Colombia eastward along the coast of Venezuela to Trinidad, coastal Guianas, and the entire coast of Brazil southward to Santa Catarina; in the Amazon basin westward along the Amazon River and major tributaries to northeastern Peru and northeastern Ecuador, and southward along the Rio Madeira to southwestern Brazil, and northward along the Rio Branco to northern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722089","biccon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biccon1","avibase-FA9420B4",null,null,"bis 'very rarely in the boreal zone and more commonly in the tropics'; Cayenne designated by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 318.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/116/mode/1up","Sylvia bicolor"],["32705","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum bicolor bicolor","(Vieillot, 1809)","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.32 pl.90",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northern Colombia to Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (Amapá, and mouth of the Amazon River, eastward then southward very locally to São Paulo; also locally along Rio Branco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78E84AE5",null,null,"bis 'very rarely in the boreal zone and more commonly in the tropics'; Cayenne designated by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 318.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/116/mode/1up","Sylvia bicolor"],["32706","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum bicolor minus","(Hellmayr, 1935)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.8 p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Río Napo (northeastern Ecuador and both banks of Amazon in northeastern Peru, southeastern Colombia, and Brazil eastward to vicinity of Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós, and probably (records spotty) to near mouth of Amazon",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C01B7E53",null,null,"Rio Madeira, right bank below junction of Rio Mahisi, Brazil.","Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part VIII. Alaudidae-Compsothlypidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20952#page/336/mode/1up","Ateleodacnis bicolor minor"],["32707","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum speciosum","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.49, vol.3 pl.293 fig.2","Chestnut-vented Conebill","Chestnut-vented Conebill","Chestnut-vented Conebill",null,null,"humid to dry forest, open woodland, gallery forest, young sucessional thickets, and forest edges in northern Venezuela, south of the coastal cordillera, southward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia; in the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil, in the Amazon basin from eastern Ecuador southward to southwestern Brazil, northern Bolivia and southward along the Yungas to northwestern Argentina; and westward along the Amazon River to northeastern Brazil; also in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722083","chvcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chvcon1","avibase-9BE4C509",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/333/mode/1up","Sylvia speciosa"],["32708","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum speciosum guaricola","Phelps & Phelps, 1949","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62, no.22 p.119-120",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central Venezuela (eastern Guárico and western Anzoátegui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBF38035",null,null,"El Socorro, 80 m., Guarico, Venezuela.","Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/135/mode/1up","Conirostrum speciosum guaricola"],["32709","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum speciosum amazonum","(Hellmayr, 1917)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13, no.1 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southwestern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil, and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60CF3AF1",null,null,"Tarapoto, Huallaga drainage, northern Peru.","Bechreibung von sechs neotropischen Vogelformen, nebst einer Bemerkung über Ampelion cinctus (Tsch.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/116/mode/1up","Ateleodacnis speciosa amazonum"],["32710","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum speciosum speciosum","(Temminck, 1824)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.49, vol.3 pl.293 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Puno) to eastern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9F734E14",null,null,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/333/mode/1up","Sylvia speciosa"],["32711","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum leucogenys","(de Lafresnaye, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.470","White-eared Conebill","White-eared Conebill","White-eared Conebill",null,null,"semi-deciduous to dry woodland, gallery forest, and borders in eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia, in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela southward to the headwaters of the Rio Magdalena",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722086","whecon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whecon1","avibase-5198F288",null,null,"Colombia ; restricted to Bogotá, by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 317.","Nouvelle espèce du genre Dacnis, Cuvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/516/mode/1up","Dacnis leucogenys"],["32712","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum leucogenys panamense","(Griscom, 1927)","American Museum Novitates no.282 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58691A2E",null,null,"Cape Garachine, eastern Panama.","An ornithological reconnaissance in eastern Panama in 1927.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4116/","Ateleodacnis leucogenys panamensis"],["32713","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum leucogenys leucogenys","(de Lafresnaye, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia and northeastern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1EFCF9D1",null,null,"Colombia ; restricted to Bogotá, by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 317.","Nouvelle espèce du genre Dacnis, Cuvier.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/516/mode/1up","Dacnis leucogenys"],["32714","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum leucogenys cyanochroum","(Todd, 1924)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37 p.122",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida) and Sierra de Perijá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E65A228C",null,null,"Santa Elena, Mérida, Venezuela.","Descriptions of eight new Neotropical Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107498#page/162/mode/1up","Ateleodacnis leucogenys cyanochrous"],["32715","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum albifrons","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.301","Capped Conebill","Capped Conebill","Capped Conebill",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, the Andes from southwesternmost Venezuela southward to southwestern Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722111","capcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capcon1","avibase-6FA6ED40",null,null,"Colombia ; restricted to Bogotá by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 327.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/313/mode/1up","Conirostrum albifrons"],["32716","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum albifrons cyanonotum","Todd, 1932","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 45, no.59 p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (eastern Aragua eastward to eastern Distrito Capital)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AF66CE1",null,null,"Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Venezuela.","Seven apparently new South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109907#page/240/mode/1up","Conirostrum cyanonotum"],["32717","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum albifrons albifrons","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Venezuela (Andes of southern Táchira) and west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (southward to latitude of Bogotá)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76E17AC7",null,null,"Colombia ; restricted to Bogotá by Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 327.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/313/mode/1up","Conirostrum albifrons"],["32718","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum albifrons centralandium","Meyer de Schauensee, 1946","Notulae Naturae 167 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia southward to western Huila, and on eastern slope in Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22BA9451",null,null,"Laguneta, 7,000 ft., Caldas, west slope of Central Andes, Colombia.","Columbian Zoological Survey, Part IV. Further notes on Colombian birds, with the description of new forms.",null,"Conirostrum albifrons centralandium"],["32719","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum albifrons atrocyaneum","de Lafresnaye, 1848","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 11 p.9-10",null,null,null,null,null,"western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia southward on western slope to Nariño) southward through Ecuador to northern Peru (Piura and Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A9260C7",null,null,"near Río Napo, Colombia [= Ecuador].","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Caracas (province de Venezuela) et de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19656#page/17/mode/1up","Conirostrum atro-cyaneum"],["32720","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum albifrons sordidum","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.83,text",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín) southward to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B733C8F",null,null,"San Antonio, western Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/93/mode/1up","Conirostrum atrocyaneum sordidum"],["32721","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum albifrons lugens","Berlepsch, 1901","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.82-83",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of central Bolivia (Cochabamba and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7B028004",null,null,"Cocapata, Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/92/mode/1up","Conirostrum lugens"],["32722","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum binghami","(Chapman, 1919)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, art.5 p.331 ","Giant Conebill","Giant Conebill","Giant Conebill",null,null,"Polylepis woodland of southern Colombia to western Bolivia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722114","giacon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/giacon1","avibase-9529362D",null,null,"Cedrobamba Ruins, Machu Picchu, alt. 12,000 ft. (timberline), Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Oreomanes binghami"],["32723","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum sitticolor","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.102","Blue-backed Conebill","Blue-backed Conebill","Blue-backed Conebill",null,null,"humid montane forest, elfin forest, and treeline in the Sierra de Perijá, the Andes from western Venezuela southward to central-eastern Colombia, along the western and central Andes of Colombia southward to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes from northeastern Peru southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722108","blbcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbcon1","avibase-EF7A9538",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/112/mode/1up","Conirostrum sitticolor"],["32724","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum sitticolor pallidum","Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1989","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 43 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0868970",null,null,"De Cerro Viruela, Serria de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela ca. 10 30' N, 72 50' W, 3100 m","Tres nuevas subespecies de aves (Picidae, Parulidae, Thraupidae) de la Sierra de Perija, Venezuela y lista hipotetica para la avifauna colombiana de Perija.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/tres-nuevas-subespecies-de-aves-picidae-parulidae-thraupidae-de-la-sierra-de-perija-venezuela-y-lista-hipotetica-para-la-avifauna-colombiana-de-perija/","Conirostrum sitticolor pallidus"],["32725","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum sitticolor intermedium","Berlepsch, 1893","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes in Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and northern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63348D6E",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Diagnosen neuer südamerikanischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/25/mode/1up","Conirostrum sitticolor intermedium"],["32726","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum sitticolor sitticolor","de Lafresnaye, 1840","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes in Venezuela (southern Táchira), and from Colombia southward to northern Peru (Piura, Cajamarca, and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B973122B",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/112/mode/1up","Conirostrum sitticolor"],["32727","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum sitticolor cyaneum","Taczanowski, 1875","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.512",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (from Huánuco) southward to Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4EE36373",null,null,"Sillapeta [= Sillapata] , Junín, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/670/mode/1up","Conirostrum cyaneum"],["32728","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum ferrugineiventre","Sclater, 1855","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.74 pl.85","White-browed Conebill","White-browed Conebill","White-browed Conebill",null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (San Martín) and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722102","whbcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbcon1","avibase-575BFDC1",null,null,"Bolivia.","On some new or little known Species of Birds in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/830/mode/1up","Conirostrum ferrugineiventre"],["32729","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum tamarugense","Johnson & Millie, 1972","Supplement to the birds of Chile and adjacent regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru p.6","Tamarugo Conebill","Tamarugo Conebill","Tamarugo Conebill",null,null,"southwestern Peru (Arequipa and Tacna) to northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722099","tamcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tamcon1","avibase-AD3D0CE9",null,null,"northern area of the recently developed Tamarugo plantations which extend of either side of the Panamerican Highway in lat. 20 30'S","A new species of conebill (Conirostrum) from northern Chile.",null,"Conirostrum tamarugense"],["32730","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum rufum","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.5 text to pl.35, p.3","Rufous-browed Conebill","Rufous-browed Conebill","Rufous-browed Conebill",null,null,"mountains of northeastern Colombia and far southwestern Venezuela (Táchira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722105","rubcon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubcon1","avibase-1F1C4F93",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","G. CONIROSTRE. CONIROSTRUM. D'Orb. et Lafr. - (Fam. Nectarinidae. S. F. Cerebinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128121#page/35/mode/1up","Conirostrum rufum"],["32731","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum cinereum","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.25","Cinereous Conebill","Cinereous Conebill","Cinereous Conebill","2025-0621","Taxon <em>fraseri </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Conirostrum cinereum</em> based on variability in plumage traits and possible clinality within both forms.","humid to dry montane woodland, scrub, gardens and hedgerows, lowland dry scrub, riparian thickets, and gardens in the Andes from southern Colombia southward to western Bolivia, and in the Pacific lowlands from northwestern Peru southward to northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722096","cincon1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cincon1","avibase-CB5F3DD1",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/199/mode/1up","Conirostrum cinereum"],["32732","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum cinereum fraseri","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.375 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Andes of southwestern Colombia and Andes of Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2C81C39",null,null,"Cuenca, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser, at Cuenca, Gualaquiza and Zamora, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/548/mode/1up","Conirostrum fraseri"],["32733","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum cinereum littorale","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of western Andes of Peru to northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-178B8A79",null,null,"Peruvian littoral, near Lima and Arequipa; type from Lima, fide Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 178.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/394/mode/1up","Conirostrum cinereum littorale"],["32734","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Conirostrum cinereum cinereum","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru and western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE2B5264",null,null,"Yungas, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/199/mode/1up","Conirostrum cinereum"],["32735","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus","Cabanis, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.289",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla gayi [Gervais, 1834]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/297/mode/1up","Phrygilus"],["32736","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus atriceps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.76","Black-hooded Sierra Finch","Black-hooded Sierra Finch","Black-hooded Sierra-finch",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Arequipa) to western Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723059","bhsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bhsfin1","avibase-EFF9D06A",null,null,"in Peruvia, in summis Andibus, prope Tacora [=Tacora, Arica (Tarapaca), Chile].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/192/mode/1up","Emberiza atriceps"],["32737","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus punensis","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.644 p.434","Peruvian Sierra Finch","Peruvian Sierra Finch","Peruvian Sierra-finch",null,null,"open areas with scattered shrubs, dry montane scrub, and Polylepis woodland in the Andes from northern Peru in the upper Marañón Valley, southward to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723064","pesfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pesfin1","avibase-3AEE36D0",null,null,"basin of Lake Titicaca, in Peru and Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/448/mode/1up","Phrygilus punensis"],["32738","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus punensis chloronotus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern to southern Peru (Cajamarca to Ayacucho and northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-890D883C",null,null,"Ingapirca and Tarma, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/408/mode/1up","Phrygilus chloronotus"],["32739","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus punensis punensis","Ridgway, 1887","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10, no.644 p.434",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Peru (Puno) to northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0522FBD8",null,null,"basin of Lake Titicaca, in Peru and Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32314#page/448/mode/1up","Phrygilus punensis"],["32740","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus patagonicus","Lowe, 1923","Ibis ser.11, vol.5, no.3 p.515","Patagonian Sierra Finch","Patagonian Sierra Finch","Patagonian Sierra-finch",null,null,"central Argentina and Chile to Tierra del Fuego",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723075","pasfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pasfin1","avibase-107D1380",null,null,"Good Success Bay, Tierra del Fuego [Bahía Buen Suceso, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina]",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1923.tb08110.x","Phrygilus gayi patagonicus"],["32741","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus gayi","(Gervais, 1834)","Magasin de Zoologie 4, cl.2 text to pl.23, p.1; pl.23","Grey-hooded Sierra Finch","Gray-hooded Sierra Finch","Grey-hooded Sierra-finch",null,null,"open shrubby steppe, schlerophyllous forest, humid coastal scrub, open steppe, and monte in the Andes from northwestern Argentina and northern Chile southward to Tierra del Fuego; in coastal Chile from the Atacama desert southward to central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723069","gyhsif1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhsif1","avibase-453C47FD",null,null,"Chile.","MOINEAU. FRINGILLA. Linné. - M. de Gay. F. Gayi. Eydoux et Gervais.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114095#page/37/mode/1up","Fringilla gayi"],["32742","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus gayi gayi","(Gervais, 1834)","Magasin de Zoologie 4, cl.2 text to pl.23, p.1; pl.23",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Chile (Coquimbo to Colchagua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ACBB5A31",null,null,"Chile.","MOINEAU. FRINGILLA. Linné. - M. de Gay. F. Gayi. Eydoux et Gervais.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114095#page/37/mode/1up","Fringilla gayi"],["32743","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus gayi minor","Philippi Bañados & Goodall, 1957","Las Aves de Chile: Su conocimiento y sus costumbres p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal Chile (Atacama to Santiago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C8B76ED",null,null,"Zapallar, Aconcagua.",null,null,"Phrygilus gayi minor"],["32744","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phrygilus gayi caniceps","Burmeister, 1860","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.256",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAF14D81",null,null,"Mendoza, Argentina.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/268/mode/1up","Phrygilus caniceps"],["32745","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nesospiza","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.122 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nesospiza acunhae [Cabanis, 1873]; type by monotypy",null,"Protokoll der L. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/166/mode/1up","Nesospiza"],["32746","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nesospiza acunhae","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.122 p.154 pl.1 fig.2","Inaccessible Island Finch","Inaccessible Island Finch","Inaccessible Island Finch",null,null,"cliffs dominated by tussock grassland, Phylica woodland and Blechnum heath in the Inaccessible Island, in the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago, in southern Atlantic Ocean",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735943","nigfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nigfin1","avibase-AED9D220",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha.","[Über 2 neue Finken-Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/166/mode/1up","Nesospiza acunhae"],["32747","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nesospiza acunhae acunhae","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.122 p.154 pl.1 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic Ocean (coastal lowlands of Inaccessible Island); subspecies of Inaccessible Island Finch intergrade where their distributions abut",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D5C99933",null,null,"Tristan da Cunha.","[Über 2 neue Finken-Arten].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/166/mode/1up","Nesospiza acunhae"],["32748","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nesospiza acunhae dunnei","Hagen, 1952","Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha 1937-1938 no.20 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic Ocean (coast and eastern part of interior plateau of Inaccessible Island); subspecies of Inaccessible Island Finch intergrade where their distributions abut",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-095417DE",null,null,"Inaccessible Island.",null,null,"Nesospiza wilkinsi dunnei"],["32749","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nesospiza acunhae fraseri","Ryan, 2008","Bird Conservation International 18 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic Ocean (central plateau of Inaccessible Island); subspecies of Inaccessible Island Finch intergrade where their distributions abut",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1D241A2F",null,null,"Inaccessible Island plateau above North Point on 11 December 1982 by M. W. Fraser","Taxonomic and conservation implications of ecological speciation in Nesospiza buntings on Tristan da Cunha","https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/taxonomic-and-conservation-implications-of-ecological-speciation-in-nesospiza-buntings-on-tristan-da-cunha/3F9D80CB1FB7DF53A272F2D6A2DEBECF","Nesospiza acunhae fraseri"],["32750","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nesospiza questi","Lowe, 1923","Ibis ser.11, vol.5, no.3 p.520","Nightingale Island Finch","Nightingale Island Finch","Nightingale Island Finch",null,null,"Nightingale Island (southern Atlantic Ocean)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735345","nigfin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nigfin3","avibase-4DB8A059",null,null,"Nightingale Island.",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1923.tb08110.x","Nesospiza acunhae questi"],["32751","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nesospiza wilkinsi","Lowe, 1923","Ibis ser.11, vol.5, no.3 p.521","Wilkins's Finch","Wilkins's Finch","Wilkins's Finch",null,null,"Nightingale Island (southern Atlantic Ocean)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735949","wilfin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wilfin3","avibase-DEF2D638",null,null,"Nightingale Island.",null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1923.tb08110.x","Nesospiza wilkinsi"],["32752","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rowettia","Lowe, 1923","Ibis ser.11, vol.5, no.3 p.512",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nesospiza goughensis [W.E. Clarke, 1904]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1923.tb08110.x","Rowettia"],["32753","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rowettia goughensis","(Clarke, 1904)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.18","Gough Finch","Gough Island Finch","Gough Island Finch",null,null,"Gough (southern Atlantic Ocean)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723149","goifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goifin1","avibase-0147433E",null,null,"Gough Island.","[Descriptions of two new species of birds from Gough Island, discovered during the voyage of the Antarctic ship 'Scotia'].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/628/mode/1up","Nesospiza goughensis"],["32754","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanodera","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.470",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza melanodera [Quoy & Gaimard, 1824]; type by tautonymy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/726/mode/1up","Melanodera"],["32755","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanodera melanodera","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie livr.3 p.109","White-bridled Finch","White-bridled Finch","White-bridled Finch",null,null,"open grassland and heathland with dwarf bushes in southern Argentina, from southern Santa Cruz, southward to northern Tierra del Fuego of Chile and Argentina, and in the Falkland Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723115","cawfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cawfin1","avibase-8116C254",null,null,"'iles Malouines'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127033#page/121/mode/1up","Emberiza melanodera"],["32756","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanodera melanodera princetoniana","(Scott, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10 p.64",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of southern Chile and southern Argentina to Tierra del Fuego",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC33116D",null,null,"Cheike, Patagonia.","[Description of apparently new or hitherto undetected species of birds from South America].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/206170#page/96/mode/1up","Phrygilus princetonianus"],["32757","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanodera melanodera melanodera","(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie livr.3 p.109",null,null,null,null,null,"Falkland Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1798C0D2",null,null,"'iles Malouines'.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127033#page/121/mode/1up","Emberiza melanodera"],["32758","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanodera xanthogramma","(Gould & Gray, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.96 pl.33","Yellow-bridled Finch","Yellow-bridled Finch","Yellow-bridled Finch",null,null,"Andes of Chile and western Argentina to Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723119","yebfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebfin1","avibase-A8A3D702",null,null,"East Falkland Island and Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/236/mode/1up","Chlorospiza(?) xanthogramma"],["32759","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanodera xanthogramma barrosi","Chapman, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.96 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Chile and western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05C4F998",null,null,"Río Blanco, 9,500 ft., Aconcagua, Chile.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4598/","Melanodera xanthogramma barrosi"],["32760","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanodera xanthogramma xanthogramma","(Gould & Gray, 1839)","The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 pt11 p.96 pl.33",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Argentina (Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn Archipelago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-989826CC",null,null,"East Falkland Island and Tierra del Fuego.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124547#page/236/mode/1up","Chlorospiza(?) xanthogramma"],["32761","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis","Boie, 1828","Isis von Oken 21, heft 3-4 col.324",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza brasiliensis [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Cabanis, 1845, in Tschudi, Unters. Fauna Peruana, Aves, p. 215).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47585#page/170/mode/1up","Sicalis"],["32762","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis citrina","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.232","Stripe-tailed Yellow Finch","Stripe-tailed Yellow-Finch","Stripe-tailed Yellow-finch",null,null,"montane grasslands, open savanna, burnt fields, rocky outcrops, and open marshy fields sparsely from northern Colombia and northern Venezuela, Andean valleys of central to southern Colombia, tepuis and savannas of southeastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and northern Brazil, Cerrado and Caatinga from northeastern Brazil southward to the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil (São Paulo to northernmost Rio Grande do Sul), Chaco of eastern Bolivia, and southward along the slopes of the Andes from Bolivia to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723306","styfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/styfin1","avibase-961B34B3",null,null,"Jaguaraiba, Murungaba [Paraná], and Itarare [São Paulo], Brazil; type from Jaguaraiba, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 307.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/343/mode/1up","Sycalis citrina"],["32763","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis citrina browni","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.139",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-912F47F6",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 5,000 ft., Colombia.","On some birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/163/mode/1up","Sycalis browni"],["32764","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis citrina citrina","Pelzeln, 1870","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.232",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Pará to Goiás, Piauí, eastern Mato Grosso, and Paraná)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C103ECD1",null,null,"Jaguaraiba, Murungaba [Paraná], and Itarare [São Paulo], Brazil; type from Jaguaraiba, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 307.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/343/mode/1up","Sycalis citrina"],["32765","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis citrina occidentalis","Carriker, 1932","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 83 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southern Peru (Puno) and northern Argentina (Tucumán)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E50326B",null,null,"Oconeque, 7,000 ft., Sandia, Puno, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Bolivia.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064115","Sicalis citrina occidentalis"],["32766","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis flaveola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.321","Saffron Finch","Saffron Finch","Saffron Finch",null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas southward to northwestern Peru and eastern Brazil (Maranhão, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723346","saffin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saffin","avibase-A5AA0BEC",null,null,"no locality; Surinam designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 27.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/325/mode/1up","Fringilla flaveola"],["32767","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis flaveola flaveola","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.321",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94EA7065",null,null,"no locality; Surinam designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 27.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/325/mode/1up","Fringilla flaveola"],["32768","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis flaveola valida","Bangs & Penard, 1921","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 64, no.4 p.396",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific lowlands of Ecuador to northwestern Peru (Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46816D66",null,null,"Sullana, Piura, Peru.","Notes on some American Birds, chiefly neotropical.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28057#page/436/mode/1up","Sicalis flaveola valida"],["32769","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.872-873",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DFE986B",null,null,"northeastern Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/373/mode/1up","Emberiza brasiliensis"],["32770","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis flaveola pelzelni","Sclater, 1872","Ibis ser.3, vol.2, no.5 p.42-43",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil southward to central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C881EB8",null,null,"Cuyabá (Mato Grosso), Paraguay, and vicinity of Buenos Aires; type from Buenos Aires, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 325.","A Revision of the Species of the Fringilline Genus Sycalis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35143#page/64/mode/1up","Sycalis pelzelni"],["32771","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis flaveola koenigi","Hoy, 1978","Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Ser.A(Biol.), 305 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina (Salta and Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D728A55",null,null,"Cordillera de Salta, 3500 m, 16. Januar 1977","Sicalis flaveola koenigi (Aves, Fringillidae), eine neue Subspecies des Safranfinken aus den Anden.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104365#page/254/mode/1up","Sicalis flaveola königi"],["32772","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis columbiana","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.147","Orange-fronted Yellow Finch","Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch","Orange-fronted Yellow-finch",null,null,"far eastern Colombia to eastern Venezuela (Río Orinoco basin) and Trinidad, and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723341","ofyfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ofyfin1","avibase-09191B98",null,null,"'Porto Cabello' ; error, Ciudad Bolívar, Río Orinoco, Venezuela, designated by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 318.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/163/mode/1up","Sycalis columbiana"],["32773","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis columbiana columbiana","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.147",null,null,null,null,null,"east-central Brazil in southern Maranhão, Piauí, western Pernambuco, northern and western Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás, and northwestern Minas Gerais",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DF507049",null,null,"'Porto Cabello' ; error, Ciudad Bolívar, Río Orinoco, Venezuela, designated by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 318.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/163/mode/1up","Sycalis columbiana"],["32774","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis columbiana leopoldinae","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Meta and Vichada) and central Venezuela in delta and basin of Río Orinoco; once bred on Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB28A7C8",null,null,"Leopoldina, Rio Araguaya, Goiás, Brazil.","Exhibition of seven new subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/111/mode/1up","Sicalis columbiana leopoldinae"],["32775","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis columbiana goeldii","Berlepsch, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazon Basin of Brazil from about Rio Purus eastward to lower Rio Tapajós and southern Amapá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9E34F81",null,null,"Santarem, lower Amazon ; type from Paricatuba, south bank of Amazon, west of Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 319.","On seven new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/123/mode/1up","Sicalis goeldii"],["32776","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola","(Sparrman, 1789)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.4 pl.93","Grassland Yellow Finch","Grassland Yellow-Finch","Grassland Yellow-finch",null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz and Puebla) to southern South America",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22735428","gryfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfin1","avibase-85C6D2E5",null,null,"no locality ; Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 327, suggests Surinam, but no certain record of the species exists for there.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/83/mode/1up","Emberiza luteola"],["32777","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola chrysops","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.376",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz and Chiapas) to Guatemala and northeastern Honduras",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D0FFD08C",null,null,"southern Mexico; restricted to Orizaba, Veracruz, by Brodkorb, 1943, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 33, p. 34.","On a New Species of Finch, of the Genus Sycalis, from Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/470/mode/1up","Sycalis chrysops"],["32778","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola mexicana","Brodkorb, 1943","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 33, no.2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (southwestern Puebla and Morelos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-698DE681",null,null,"Puente de Ixtla, Morelos, Mexico.","Two new Birds from Morelos, Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122683#page/51/mode/1up","Sicalis luteola mexicana"],["32779","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola eisenmanni","Wetmore, 1953","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 122, no.8 p.9-11",null,null,null,null,null,"central Panama (Coclé), a few reports northward to Guanacaste (Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8343B4B",null,null,"two miles east of Anton, Code, Panama. [Specimens not examined.]","Further additions to the birds of Panamá and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55181#page/321/mode/1up","Sicalis luteola eisenmanni"],["32780","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola bogotensis","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Venezuela and eastern Andes in Colombia southward through highlands of Ecuador to southern Peru (Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB34C5F5",null,null,"savanna of Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Sicalis luteiventris bogotensis"],["32781","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola luteola","(Sparrman, 1789)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.4 pl.93",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (lower elevations of western Andes, and Cauca and Magdalena valleys), Venezuela (Falcón, Monagas, and Bolívar), Guyana and adjacent northern Brazil (Rio Branco region); now also present in Trinidad and introduced and established on most major Lesser Antilles islands from Antigua to Grenada, including Barbados",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9ED5672D",null,null,"no locality ; Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 327, suggests Surinam, but no certain record of the species exists for there.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128097#page/83/mode/1up","Emberiza luteola"],["32782","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola flavissima","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"Suriname southward to mouth of Amazon River (Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F681BD78",null,null,"Rocana, Pará, northern Brazil. 1 [Specimens not examined.]","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/118/mode/1up","Sicalis luteiventris flavissima"],["32783","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola chapmani","Ridgway, 1899","The Auk 16, no.1 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"central Para along Amazon River",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4A2EF83",null,null,"Diamantina [near Santarem] , lower Amazon [= mouth of Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós]], Brazil.","New species, etc., of American birds. III. Fringillidae (Continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol16/iss1/7/","Sicalis chapmani"],["32784","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteola luteiventris","(Meyen, 1834)","Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 16, suppl. p.87 pl.36 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, lowlands of northern and central Argentina (Santiago del Estero and Corrientes southward to Chubut), and central Chile (southern Coquimbo southward to Valdivia); winters northward to southern Peru (Cusco and Puno), central and eastern Bolivia (La Paz, Beni, and lowland Santa Cruz), and central Brazil (Mato Grosso eastward to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9B12780",null,null,"near Api, Altos de Toledo, Puno, Peru.","Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde.","https://books.google.ca/books?id=_ckAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA87#v=onepage&q=Fringilla&f=false","Fringilla luteiventris"],["32785","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis taczanowskii","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.385 pl.17 fig.3","Sulphur-throated Finch","Sulphur-throated Finch","Sulphur-throated Finch",null,null,"arid littoral of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723367","sutfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sutfin1","avibase-96F83DED",null,null,"Tumbes, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/405/mode/1up","Sycalis taczanowskii"],["32786","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis uropygialis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.75","Bright-rumped Yellow Finch","Bright-rumped Yellow-Finch","Bright-rumped Yellow-finch","2025-N047","<em>Sicalis uropigyalis</em> is the original spelling, and has also been used. As the word <em>uropygium</em>, spelled correctly, is used over 30 times in the original publication, while <em>uropigyalis </em>is only used twice, we hold that this is clear evidence of an inadvertent error, contra David and Dickinson (2014). <em>S. uropygialis</em> is also in prevailing usage by an order of magnitude according to Google Scholar.","puna including around villages, in high Andes from Cajamarca (north-central Peru) southward through northeastern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723316","bryfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bryfin1","avibase-D2F4DBA5",null,null,"summit of the Andes, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/191/mode/1up","Emberiza uropigyalis"],["32787","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis uropygialis sharpei","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894)","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.386-387",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern to south-central Peru (Cajamarca to Junín and Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-64034E44",null,null,"central Peru (Junín and Ingapirca) ; type from Ingapirca, Junín, vide Stolzmann and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 175.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/418/mode/1up","Pseudochloris sharpei"],["32788","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis uropygialis uropygialis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Apurímac, Cusco, and Puno) to Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9A737DB",null,null,"summit of the Andes, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/191/mode/1up","Emberiza uropigyalis"],["32789","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis luteocephala","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.74","Citron-headed Yellow Finch","Citron-headed Yellow-Finch","Citron-headed Yellow-finch",null,null,"highlands of western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723321","chyfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chyfin1","avibase-89CEC2C1",null,null,"Chuquisaca, Bolivia ; type from Totora, near Mizque, Cochabamba, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 312.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/190/mode/1up","Emberiza luteocephala"],["32790","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis mendozae","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.778","Monte Yellow Finch","Monte Yellow-Finch","Monte Yellow-finch",null,null,"Andes of western Argentina (Río Negro to Mendoza and San Luis)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103838548","monyef1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/monyef1","avibase-462D5C1E",null,null,"Mendoza, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/798/mode/1up","Pseudochloris mendozae"],["32791","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis lebruni","(Oustalet, 1891)","Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882-1883. Tome VI. Zoologie 6 p.B98","Patagonian Yellow Finch","Patagonian Yellow-Finch","Patagonian Yellow-finch",null,null,"open plains of southern Chile and southern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723336","payfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/payfin1","avibase-CB25EECF",null,null,"Misioneros, Santa Cruz, Patagonia.",null,"https://www.archive.org/download/missionscientif611891miss/page/n157_w451","Pseudochloris lebruni"],["32792","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis olivascens","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.75","Greenish Yellow Finch","Greenish Yellow-Finch","Greenish Yellow-finch",null,null,"montane scrub and adjacent fields in the Andes from northern Peru southward to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina (southward to Mendoza)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103838515","gryfin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfin3","avibase-26760B15",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/191/mode/1up","Emberiza olivascens"],["32793","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis olivascens salvini","(Chubb, 1919)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 39 p.70",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (La Libertad to Huánuco, Junín, and Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7002DD74",null,null,"Vina, 5,500 ft., Huamachuco, Libertad, Peru.","Description of new forms of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100942#page/208/mode/1up","Pseudochloris salvini"],["32794","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis olivascens chloris","Cabanis, 1846","Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana 2, Aves, (1845-46) p.32, 216",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of Peru (Ancash) to northern Chile (Coquimbo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A26E71D1",null,null,"Peru ; restricted to Matucana, above Lima, by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 314.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/524/mode/1up","Sycalis chloris"],["32795","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis olivascens olivascens","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1AD9B58D",null,null,"La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/191/mode/1up","Emberiza olivascens"],["32796","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis auriventris","Philippi & Landbeck, 1864","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 24 p.342","Greater Yellow Finch","Greater Yellow-Finch","Greater Yellow-finch",null,null,"Andes of northern and central Chile and adjacent Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723326","gryfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gryfin2","avibase-3CBC7FE3",null,null,"Cordilleras of Santiago, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30597#page/57/mode/1up","Sycalis auriventris"],["32797","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis lutea","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.74","Puna Yellow Finch","Puna Yellow-Finch","Puna Yellow-finch",null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723311","puyfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/puyfin1","avibase-558DD2EE",null,null,"summit of the Andes, Bolivia; type from 'pampas d'Oruro', fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 309.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/190/mode/1up","Emberiza lutea"],["32798","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sicalis raimondii","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.133","Raimondi's Yellow Finch","Raimondi's Yellow-Finch","Raimondi's Yellow-finch",null,null,"western Andes of Peru (Cajamarca to Arequipa and Moquegua)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723362","rayfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rayfin1","avibase-79D218BB",null,null,"vicinity of Lima, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/201/mode/1up","Sycalis raimondii"],["32799","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Idiopsar","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.414",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Idiopsar brachyurus [Cassin, 1867]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/422/mode/1up","Idiopsar"],["32800","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Idiopsar erythronotus","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 19 p.610","White-throated Sierra Finch","White-throated Sierra Finch","White-throated Sierra-finch",null,null,"high Andes of southwestern Peru, southwestern Bolivia, and northern Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723095","wtsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtsfin1","avibase-F8A4E735",null,null,"Putre or 'Parunicota [= Parinocota] , 10,000-17,000 ft., Arica, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203210#page/624/mode/1up","Chlorospiza erythronotus"],["32801","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Idiopsar dorsalis","(Cabanis, 1883)","Journal für Ornithologie 31, no.161 p.109","Red-backed Sierra Finch","Red-backed Sierra Finch","Red-backed Sierra-finch",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Bolivia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723090","rbsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbsfin1","avibase-91AC6725",null,null,"Cerro Vayo [= Bayo] , near snow-line, Tucumán, Argentina.","[Über eine Anzahl neuer Arten, welche von Herrn Fritz Schulz in Agentinien speciell im Gebiete von Tucuman, gesammelt worden sind].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101690#page/121/mode/1up","Phrygilus dorsalis"],["32802","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Idiopsar brachyurus","Cassin, 1867","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18 p.414","Boulder Finch","Boulder Finch","Boulder Finch",null,null,"Andes of far southern Peru (Puno) to northern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723179","shtfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shtfin1","avibase-A040695E",null,null,"'La Paz,' Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18061#page/422/mode/1up","Idiopsar brachyurus"],["32803","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Idiopsar speculifer","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.78","Glacier Finch","Glacier Finch","Glacier Finch",null,null,"puna grassland, bogs, and rocky slopes with scarce vegetation in the Andes from north-central Peru, in Ancash, southward to northernmost Chile and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723169","wwdfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wwdfin1","avibase-6BB6FF7E",null,null,"'in summis Andibus, Bolivia'.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/194/mode/1up","Emberiza speculifera"],["32804","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Idiopsar speculifer magnirostris","(Carriker, 1935)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Ancash and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A0FF50B",null,null,"Yanac, 15,000 ft., Ancash, Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Diuca speculifera magnirostris"],["32805","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Idiopsar speculifer speculifer","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru to northern Chile, northwestern Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F15EEA7",null,null,"'in summis Andibus, Bolivia'.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/194/mode/1up","Emberiza speculifera"],["32806","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Xenodacnis","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.311",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Xenodacnis parina [Cabanis, 1873]; type by original designation",null,"Protokoll der LIII. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/323/mode/1up","Xenodacnis"],["32807","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Xenodacnis parina","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.312 pl.4 fig.1,2","Tit-like Dacnis",null,"Tit-like Dacnis","2025-0620","Taxon <em>petersi </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Xenodacnis parina</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage, size, and vocalizations, with the disjunct population at Arequipa placed in <em>X. petersi</em>. More detailed analyses of genetics, morphology, and vocalizations would be informative. After this issue was considered by AviList, SACC considered and rejected this proposal, which will likely be reconsidered for a future version of AviList.","inter-Andean valleys of south-central Peru (Junín, Ayacucho, Apurímac, and Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103839796",null,null,"avibase-D7703EFB",null,null,"Maraynioc, Peru.","[Über zwei von Herrn C. Jelski in West-Peru entdeckte Vögel].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/324/mode/1up","Xenodacnis parina"],["32808","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Xenodacnis petersi","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae 40 p.1","Streaked Dacnis",null,"Streaked Dacnis","2025-0620","Taxon <em>petersi </em>(polytypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Xenodacnis parina</em> (monotypic) based on differences in plumage, size, and vocalizations, with the disjunct population at Arequipa placed in <em>X. petersi</em>. More detailed analyses of genetics, morphology, and vocalizations would be informative. After this issue was considered by AviList, SACC considered and rejected this proposal, which will likely be reconsidered for a future version of AviList.","Andes of southwestern Ecuador (locally) and central and southern Peru (Amazonas to Arequipa)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103840020",null,null,"avibase-4226846A",null,null,"Yanac, Dept. of Ancash, Peru.","Description of a new species and subspecies of Xenodacnis.","https://ia800302.us.archive.org/34/items/bub_gb_gw9l1RqUf6sC/bub_gb_gw9l1RqUf6sC.pdf","Xenodacnis petersi"],["32809","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Xenodacnis petersi bella","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae 40 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador and northern Peru (eastern Andes in Amazonas and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C662B15",null,null,"Atuen, Dept. Amazonas, Peru.","Description of a new species and subspecies of Xenodacnis.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_gw9l1RqUf6sC/page/n1","Xenodacnis petersi bella"],["32810","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Xenodacnis petersi petersi","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae 40 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of the Andes in central and southern Peru (Cajamarca southward at least to Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54675388",null,null,"Yanac, Dept. of Ancash, Peru.","Description of a new species and subspecies of Xenodacnis.","https://ia800302.us.archive.org/34/items/bub_gb_gw9l1RqUf6sC/bub_gb_gw9l1RqUf6sC.pdf","Xenodacnis petersi"],["32811","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis","Bonaparte, 1856","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42, no.20 p.955,note",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Geospizopsis typus [Bonaparte, 1856]; type by tautonymy = Passerculus geospizopsis Bonaparte, 1853",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16554#page/965/mode/1up","Geospizopsis"],["32812","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis plebejus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.290","Ash-breasted Sierra Finch","Ash-breasted Sierra Finch","Ash-breasted Sierra-finch",null,null,"dry grassland, arid lowland and montane scrub, Polylepis woodland, desert-like habitats, and cropland in the Andes from northern Ecuador southward to northwestern Argentina and northern Chile; also in the arid lowlands of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru and in the isolated Sierras de Córdoba and San Luis, in northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723100","absfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/absfin1","avibase-18B92473",null,null,"no locality ; highlands of Junín, Peru, suggested by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 358.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/298/mode/1up","Phrygilus plebejus"],["32813","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis plebejus ocularis","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.375 p.454-455, pl. CXLV",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Ecuador and far northern Peru north of Marañón Valley (Tumbes and Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1DCA3F62",null,null,"Cuenca, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser, at Cuenca, Gualaquiza and Zamora, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/550/mode/1up","Phrygilus ocularis"],["32814","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis plebejus plebejus","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (south of Marañón Valley), northern Chile (southward to Antofagasta), and western Bolivia southward to northwestern and west-central Argentina (to Mendoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0918C491",null,null,"no locality ; highlands of Junín, Peru, suggested by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 358.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/298/mode/1up","Phrygilus plebejus"],["32815","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis plebejus naroskyi","(Nores & Yzurieta, 1983)","El Hornero ExtraNumber p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central Argentina (Sierras de Córdoba in Cordoba and northern San Luis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3EDD593D",null,null,"las Sierras Grandes de Córdoba (Pampa de Achala, 2.000m)","Especiacion en las sierras pampeanas de Cordoba y San Luis (Argentina), con descripcion de siete nuevas subespecies de aves.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1142","Phrygilus plebejus naroskyi"],["32816","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.79","Plumbeous Sierra Finch","Plumbeous Sierra Finch","Plumbeous Sierra-finch",null,null,"open grassland in the paramo and puna, bogs, and Polylepis woodland in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia; in the central Andes from northern Colombia southward to Tierra del Fuego in southern Chile and southern Argentina; also isolated in the Sierras de Córdoba and San Luis, in northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723085","plsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plsfin1","avibase-66F4277F",null,null,"Cordillera de Tacora, Peru, and Pampa d'Oruro, Bolivia ; restricted to Tacora, Tacna, Peru, by Zimmer, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 89.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza unicolor"],["32817","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor nivaria","(Bangs, 1899)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and Andes of northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E9AF028",null,null,"Páramo de Chiruqua, 15,000 ft., Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19534#page/132/mode/1up","Haplospiza nivaria"],["32818","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor geospizopsis","(Bonaparte, 1853)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37, no.25 p.921, note 1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and central Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC9BC707",null,null,"Colombia.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/931/mode/1up","Passerculus geospizopsis"],["32819","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor inca","(Zimmer, 1929)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.2 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A32C91B9",null,null,"mountains near Huánuco, 12,000 ft., Junín, Peru.","New Birds from Peru, Brazil and Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/108/mode/1up","Phrygilus unicolor inca"],["32820","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor unicolor","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.79",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Tacna) to southern Chile and western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46FA7FB7",null,null,"Cordillera de Tacora, Peru, and Pampa d'Oruro, Bolivia ; restricted to Tacora, Tacna, Peru, by Zimmer, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 89.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza unicolor"],["32821","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor tucumana","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia (Cochabamba) southward to northwestern Argentina (Jujuy southward to La Rioja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1A03993",null,null,"above Tan del Valle, 9,500 ft., Tucumán, Argentina.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Phrygilus unicolor tucumanus"],["32822","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor cyanea","(Nores & Yzurieta, 1983)","El Hornero ExtraNumber p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of Córdoba (north-central Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C3FF0061",null,null,"las Sierras Grandes de Córdoba (Pampa de Achala, 2.000m)","Especiacion en las sierras pampeanas de Cordoba y San Luis (Argentina), con descripcion de siete nuevas subespecies de aves.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1142","Phrygilus unicolor cyaneus"],["32823","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospizopsis unicolor ultima","(Ripley, 1950)","Postilla 3 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Argentina (Tierra del Fuego)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7970160D",null,null,"Viamote, Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.","A small collection of birds from Argentine Tierra del Fuego.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40256#page/40/mode/1up","Phrygilus unicolor ultimus"],["32824","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Haplospiza","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.147",null,null,null,"2025-0925","Taxon <em>bairdi </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Acanthidops </em>pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Burns et al. 2014) suggest that <em>A. bairdi</em> is embedded in <em>Haplospiza </em>and this clade is sister to <em>Geospizopsis</em>. While merging <em>Acanthidops </em>into <em>Haplospiza </em>is plausible, support for the position of <em>H. unicolor</em> is low, and individual gene trees produced conflicting results. Furthermore, Barker et al. (2015), using the same data, recovered a different topology for these five species. Additional data is needed to better resolve this phylogeny.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Haplospiza unicolor [Cabanis, 1851]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/163/mode/1up","Haplospiza"],["32825","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Haplospiza unicolor","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.147","Uniform Finch","Uniform Finch","Uniform Finch",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723125","unifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/unifin1","avibase-68520BCB",null,null,"Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/163/mode/1up","Haplospiza unicolor"],["32826","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Haplospiza rustica","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.290","Slaty Finch","Slaty Finch","Slaty Finch","2025-0594","New generic limits for the Thraupidae (based on Burns et al. 2014, 2016) are adopted except that <em>rustica </em>is placed in <em>Haplospiza </em>rather than <em>Spodiornis</em>. Although this renders <em>Haplospiza </em>as non-monophyletic based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Burns et al. 2014, 2016), similarities in plumage, their bamboo-specialist ecology, and song types align <em>H. rustica</em> with <em>H. unicolor</em>; broader genomic and taxon sampling is needed to better define generic limits within this group, which also includes <em>Acanthidops </em>and <em>Geospizopsis</em>.","humid montane forest dominated by bamboo, from far southeastern Mexico southward to northern Honduras, the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, the tepuis of southern Venezuela and Guyana, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and Andes from northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward to northern Peru, and the eastern Andes from northern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723122","slafin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slafin1","avibase-48CC8086",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/298/mode/1up","Phrygilus rusticus"],["32827","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Haplospiza rustica uniformis","Sclater & Salvin, 1873","Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (etc.) p.29, 157-158",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (far southern Chiapas and formerly Veracruz) patchily and erratically southward to western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-94C611FC",null,null,"Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124336#page/169/mode/1up","Haplospiza uniformis"],["32828","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Haplospiza rustica arcana","(Wetmore & Phelps, 1949)","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 39, no.11 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Chimantá-tepui and Neblina) and western Guyana (Mount Ayanganna",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88BA7A59",null,null,"west side of Cerro Chimanta-tepui, 1,850 m., Bolívar, Venezuela.","A new race of bird of the genus Spodiornis from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122713#page/410/mode/1up","Spodiornis rusticus arcanus"],["32829","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Haplospiza rustica rustica","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and western Venezuela southward in Andes in all three ranges in Colombia, and Santa Marta region, to central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E7C1BFCA",null,null,"Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/298/mode/1up","Phrygilus rusticus"],["32830","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Acanthidops","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4 p.335",null,null,null,"2025-0925","Taxon <em>bairdi </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Acanthidops </em>pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Burns et al. 2014) suggest that <em>A. bairdi</em> is embedded in <em>Haplospiza </em>and this clade is sister to <em>Geospizopsis</em>. While merging <em>Acanthidops </em>into <em>Haplospiza </em>is plausible, support for the position of <em>H. unicolor</em> is low, and individual gene trees produced conflicting results. Furthermore, Barker et al. (2015), using the same data, recovered a different topology for these five species. Additional data is needed to better resolve this phylogeny.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Acanthidops bairdii [Ridgway, 1882]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/353/mode/1up","Acanthidops"],["32831","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Acanthidops bairdi","Ridgway, 1882","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.235 p.336","Peg-billed Finch","Peg-billed Finch","Peg-billed Finch","2025-0925","Taxon <em>bairdi </em>is placed in the monotypic genus <em>Acanthidops </em>pending further research. Mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Burns et al. 2014) suggest that <em>A. bairdi</em> is embedded in <em>Haplospiza </em>and this clade is sister to <em>Geospizopsis</em>. While merging <em>Acanthidops </em>into <em>Haplospiza </em>is plausible, support for the position of <em>H. unicolor</em> is low, and individual gene trees produced conflicting results. Furthermore, Barker et al. (2015), using the same data, recovered a different topology for these five species. Additional data is needed to better resolve this phylogeny.","high volcanic peaks of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723128","pebfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pebfin1","avibase-5CCF7540",null,null,"Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/354/mode/1up","Acanthidops bairdi"],["32832","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.493",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Linaria analis [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 78).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/761/mode/1up","Catamenia"],["32833","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.83","Band-tailed Seedeater","Band-tailed Seedeater","Band-tailed Seedeater",null,null,"grasslands and shrubby fields in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia), the eastern and central Andes of Colombia southward to northern Peru, the Andes of Peru southward to northern Chile, through Bolivia, to central Argentina, and in the coastal plains of west-central to southwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723570","batsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batsee1","avibase-19B4343A",null,null,"Sicasica and Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla (L. [inaria]) analis"],["32834","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis alpica","Bangs, 1902","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 3 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76CC474F",null,null,"Páramo de Chiruqua, 15,000 ft., Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","Descriptions of ten new birds from the Santa Marta region of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42082#page/97/mode/1up","Catamenia alpica"],["32835","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis schistaceifrons","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.649",null,null,null,null,null,"central parts of central and eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9E580F4",null,null,"La Mar, 8,260 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Catamenia analoides schistaceifrons"],["32836","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis soderstromi","Chapman, 1924","American Museum Novitates no.143 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Ecuador (west slope and inter-Andean valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDE632C6",null,null,"El Paso, 9,200 ft., Azuay, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3224/","Catamenia analoides söderstromi"],["32837","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis insignis","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (Cajamarca to Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3049F878",null,null,"Cajamarca, Peru.","Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/240/mode/1up","Catamenia analis insignis"],["32838","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis analoides","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of Andes of Peru (Piura to Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47581AD0",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/83/mode/1up","Linaria analoïdes"],["32839","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis griseiventris","Chapman, 1919","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32 p.267",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Peru (Cusco southward to Tacna) and (probably) far northern Chile (Arica-Parinacota)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1BF084A4",null,null,"Cuzco, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22875#page/303/mode/1up","Catamenia analoides griseiventris"],["32840","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia analis analis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"highland Bolivia (La Paz eastward to western Santa Cruz, southward to Tarija), northwestern and east-central Argentina (Jujuy and Salta southward to Mendoza and La Pampa, highlands of Córdoba, and Sierra de la Ventana in southwestern Buenos Aires)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0C3286F0",null,null,"Sicasica and Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/199/mode/1up","Fringilla (L. [inaria]) analis"],["32841","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia homochroa","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.552","Paramo Seedeater","Paramo Seedeater","Paramo Seedeater",null,null,"humid montane scrub, grassy fields, and montane woodland in tepuis of southern and southeastern Venezuela and adjacent Brazil, Sierra de Perijá, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón, southward to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723577","parsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parsee1","avibase-2143C9BF",null,null,"Matos, ca. 15 miles north Riobamba, Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/660/mode/1up","Catamenia homochroa"],["32842","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia homochroa oreophila","Todd, 1913","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26 p.169",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1806BFB0",null,null,"San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, Colombia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22881#page/211/mode/1up","Catamenia oreophila"],["32843","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia homochroa homochroa","Sclater, 1859","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.381 p.552",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and central Bolivia (La Paz to Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51D69AE4",null,null,"Matos, ca. 15 miles north Riobamba, Ecuador.","On the Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/660/mode/1up","Catamenia homochroa"],["32844","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia homochroa duncani","(Chubb, 1921)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.7, no.38 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Bolívar and Amazonas) and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55242EA2",null,null,"Mount Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolívar, Venezuela].","XXIII. On new Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53357#page/215/mode/1up","Duncanula duncani"],["32845","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia inornata","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.75","Plain-colored Seedeater","Plain-colored Seedeater","Plain-colored Seedeater",null,null,"open grassy fields and paramo in the Andes from western Venezuela southward through the eastern and central Andes of Colombia to northwestern Argentina, including the Sierra de San Luis and Sierras de Córdoba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723573","plcsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plcsee1","avibase-830AC9D2",null,null,"Bolivia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/83/mode/1up","Linaria inornata"],["32846","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia inornata mucuchiesi","Phelps & Gilliard, 1941","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29F7EEE9",null,null,"Páramo Mucuchies, Mérida, Venezuela.","Seventeen new Birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Catamenia inornata mucuchiesi"],["32847","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia inornata minor","Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.115",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from western Venezuela to central Peru (Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BF07575E",null,null,"Ceche, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/159/mode/1up","Catamenia inornata minor"],["32848","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia inornata inornata","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to Bolivia (La Paz southeastward to Tarija), Chile, and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-88CADC12",null,null,"Bolivia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/83/mode/1up","Linaria inornata"],["32849","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamenia inornata cordobensis","Nores & Yzurieta, 1983","El Hornero ExtraNumber p.95",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Argentina (Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA98A5BF",null,null,"las sierras Grandes de Córdoba (Pampa de Achala, 2200 m), Argentina","Especiacion en las sierras pampeanas de Cordoba y San Luis (Argentina), con descripcion de siete nuevas subespecies de aves.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1142","Catamenia inornata cordobensis"],["32850","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.280",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Diglossa baritula [Wagler, 1832]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/158/mode/1up","Diglossa"],["32851","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa glauca","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.253","Golden-eyed Flowerpiercer","Deep-blue Flowerpiercer","Deep-blue Flowerpiercer",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes from southeastern Colombia southward to far northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723701","debflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/debflo1","avibase-ACA0A34E",null,null,"Nairapi, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds obtained by Mr. C. Buckley in Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/311/mode/1up","Diglossa glauca"],["32852","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa glauca glauca","Sclater & Salvin, 1876","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.1 p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Junín) to Yungas of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FF60063",null,null,"Nairapi, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds obtained by Mr. C. Buckley in Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/311/mode/1up","Diglossa glauca"],["32853","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa glauca tyrianthina","Hellmayr, 1930","Novitates Zoologicae 35, no.3 p.266",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CD5938E",null,null,"Lower Sumaco, eastern Ecuador.","On two undescribed Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22617#page/316/mode/1up","Diglossa glauca tyrianthina"],["32854","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa caerulescens","(Sclater, 1856)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.467","Bluish Flowerpiercer","Bluish Flowerpiercer","Bluish Flowerpiercer",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of west-central Venezuela, the Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northwestern Ecuador, along the eastern Andes southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and from the northeastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón, southward to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723708","bluflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bluflo1","avibase-C14678F4",null,null,"in vie. urbis Caraccas in Venezuela.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/509/mode/1up","Diglossopis caerulescens"],["32855","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa caerulescens caerulescens","(Sclater, 1856)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.467",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Carabobo, Aragua, Vargas, and Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-56399A3B",null,null,"in vie. urbis Caraccas in Venezuela.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/509/mode/1up","Diglossopis caerulescens"],["32856","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa caerulescens ginesi","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3B6C1C7B",null,null,"Cerro Tamuypejocha, Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela; 1975 meters.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/295/mode/1up","Diglossa caerulescens ginesi"],["32857","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa caerulescens media","Bond, 1955","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 107 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"northern portion of east slope of Andes in Ecuador (specimen from at least as far north as Sierra Azul, in Napo) southward to eastern slope in northern Peru (Cajamarca and northern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-22F3C1B8",null,null,"Chira, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru, altitude 7,500 feet.",null,"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064479","Diglossa caerulescens media"],["32858","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa caerulescens mentalis","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1203 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes in southern Peru southward to Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10669DF4",null,null,"'Camp 1,' below Limbani, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 44. Notes on the genera Diglossa and Cyanerpes with addenda to Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3802/","Diglossa caerulescens mentalis"],["32859","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa caerulescens pallida","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.334",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Peru (from southern side of Río Marañón southward to La Libertad, Lima, and Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D146F070",null,null,"in Peruvia alta, centrali et septentrionali ; type from Garita del Sol, Junín, fide Sztolcman and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat, 6, p. 178.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/392/mode/1up","Diglossopis caerulescens pallida"],["32860","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa caerulescens saturata","(Todd, 1917)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Venezuela (from Trujillo southward to Táchira), and all three ranges in Colombia and apparently Andes of northern Ecuador (southward to Pichincha on west slope; a specimen from El Chaco on east slope)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-593CAC83",null,null,"La Palmita, Santander [= Magdalena] , Colombia.","New genera, species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/154/mode/1up","Diglossopis caerulescens saturata"],["32861","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa melanopis","Tschudi, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.294","Whistling Masked Flowerpiercer","Whistling Masked Flowerpiercer",null,"2026-046","Diglossa melanopis is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>D. cyanea</em> based on genetics (mitochondrial DNA divergence), vocalizations (song structure and frequency), and morphology (wing length), following Martínez-Gómez et al. (2023). Subtle differences in plumage are also present.","Andes of Peru (except northwest) southward to Andes in Bolivia (to Santa Cruz), south and east of the Marañón Valley",null,null,null,"masflo6","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masflo6","avibase-B0AEF8CA",null,null,"Peru; type from Junín region, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 242.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/302/mode/1up","D[iglossa] melanopis"],["32862","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa cyanea","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.102","Warbling Masked Flowerpiercer","Warbling Masked Flowerpiercer",null,"2026-046","Diglossa melanopis is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>D. cyanea</em> based on genetics (mitochondrial DNA divergence), vocalizations (song structure and frequency), and morphology (wing length), following Martínez-Gómez et al. (2023). Subtle differences in plumage are also present.","humid to semi-humid montane forest and scrub, secondary woodland and elfin forest of the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua and Distrito Federal), Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border), and Andes from western Venezuela to northwestern Peru, north and west of the Marañón Valley",null,null,null,"masflo7","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/masflo7","avibase-6FF516E4",null,null,"Sante-Fe de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/112/mode/1up","Uncirostrum cyaneum"],["32863","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa cyanea cyanea","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.102",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to Ecuador and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-673CD230",null,null,"Sante-Fe de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/112/mode/1up","Uncirostrum cyaneum"],["32864","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa cyanea dispar","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1203 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, north and west of the Marañón Valley",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3A095E1",null,null,"Chugur, northwest of Cajamarca, northwestern Peru; altitude 9,000 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 44. Notes on the genera Diglossa and Cyanerpes with addenda to Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3802/","Diglossa cyanea dispar"],["32865","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa cyanea obscura","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0AB0B5E",null,null,"Cerro Tamuypejocha, Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela; 1875 meters.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/296/mode/1up","Diglossa cyanea obscura"],["32866","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa cyanea tovarensis","Zimmer & Phelps, 1952","American Museum Novitates no.1603 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua and Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10BDE2C8",null,null,"Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Venezuela; altitude 1900 meters.","A new race of the Honey-Creeper, Diglossa cyanea, from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4923/","Diglossa cyanea tovarensis"],["32867","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa indigotica","Sclater, 1856","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.2, vol.17, no.102 p.467 ?","Indigo Flowerpiercer","Indigo Flowerpiercer","Indigo Flowerpiercer",null,null,"Andes of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador (southward to Pichincha)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723694","indflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/indflo1","avibase-AC4EB902",null,null,"in rep. Equatoriana.","XLIII. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19391#page/509/mode/1up","Diglossa indigotica"],["32868","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa sittoides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.25","Rusty Flowerpiercer","Rusty Flowerpiercer","Rusty Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid to semi-humid and dry montane scrub, forest borders, and gardens in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southwestern Peru, in the western Andes, and southward along the eastern Andes of Peru to northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723644","rusflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rusflo1","avibase-4D0ECEE5",null,null,"Yungas, Vallegrande, rep. Boliviam.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/199/mode/1up","Serrirostrum sittoides"],["32869","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa sittoides hyperythra","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and coastal mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4216ABC",null,null,"Caraccas [, Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/113/mode/1up","D[iglossa] hyperythra"],["32870","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa sittoides mandeli","Blake, 1940","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 24, no.14 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Mount Turumiquire in Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F1F0B55C",null,null,"Mount Turumiquire, Sucre, Venezuela. Alt. 6,000 feet.","A new Venezuelan honey creeper.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20894#page/7/mode/1up","Diglossa baritula mandeli"],["32871","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa sittoides coelestis","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC5722C1",null,null,"Barranquilla, Rancheria Julian, between Ríos Apon and Macoita, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela; 960 meters.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/162/mode/1up","Diglossa baritula coelestis"],["32872","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa sittoides dorbignyi","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela (Lara, Mérida, and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6EB7798E",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/15/mode/1up","Uncirostrum d'Orbignyi"],["32873","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa sittoides decorata","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.416",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of Ecuador and Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA79AD65",null,null,"Cajamarca, Peru (altitude about 9,000 feet).","Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/196/mode/1up","Diglossa sittoides decorata"],["32874","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa sittoides sittoides","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26C95E72",null,null,"Yungas, Vallegrande, rep. Boliviam.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/199/mode/1up","Serrirostrum sittoides"],["32875","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa plumbea","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.48 p.411","Slaty Flowerpiercer","Slaty Flowerpiercer","Slaty Flowerpiercer",null,null,"mountains of northwestern Costa Rica to western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723640","slaflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slaflo1","avibase-ECCF2395",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetz. s. S. 321-336.).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/423/mode/1up","Diglossa plumbea"],["32876","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa baritula","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.281","Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer","Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer","Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer",null,null,"montane forest and edge from northern Jalisco and Queretaro (central Mexico) southward through northern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723636","cibflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cibflo1","avibase-C143A152",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/159/mode/1up","Diglossa baritula"],["32877","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa baritula baritula","Wagler, 1832","Isis von Oken 25, heft 3 col.281",null,null,null,null,null,"central Mexican highlands from Jalisco, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, and Veracruz southward to Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca; also coastal chain in Guerrero and Oaxaca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9EB6844",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85170#page/159/mode/1up","Diglossa baritula"],["32878","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa baritula montana","Dearborn, 1907","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.3 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala and El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59626B2B",null,null,"Sierra Santa Elena, at altitude 9,500 feet, near Tecpam, Guatemala.","Catalogue of a collection of birds from Guatemala.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20399#page/69/mode/1up","Diglossa montana"],["32879","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa baritula parva","Griscom, 1932","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13 p.61",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of eastern Guatemala to Honduras and north-central Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BFD04FD",null,null,"Rancho Quemado (6700 ft.), District of Achaga, Honduras.","New Birds from Honduras and Mexico.",null,"Diglossa baritula parva"],["32880","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa mystacalis","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.318","Moustached Flowerpiercer","Moustached Flowerpiercer","Moustached Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid montane forest and shrubs, Polylepis woodland, elfin forest, and treeline in the Andes from northern Peru east and south of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723664","mouflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mouflo1","avibase-24F6EAA1",null,null,"Bolivia; type probably from Yungas of La Paz, cf. Bridges, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 15, p. 29.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Diglossa, Wagler, G.-B. Gray, Gen. of birds, p. 23.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/332/mode/1up","Diglossa mystacalis"],["32881","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa mystacalis unicincta","Hellmayr, 1905","Novitates Zoologicae 12, no.2 p.504",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas southward to central Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6B41E40F",null,null,"Levanto [, Dept. Amazonas] , Northern Peru, 9000 ft. elev.","Description of two new birds discovered by Mr. O. T. Baron in Northern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23228#page/518/mode/1up","Diglossa pectoralis unicincta"],["32882","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa mystacalis pectoralis","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (central Huánuco to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9E0D45F3",null,null,"Maraynioc [Dept. Junín, Peru].","Protokoll der LV. Monats-Sitzung","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/330/mode/1up","Diglossa pectoralis"],["32883","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa mystacalis albilinea","Chapman, 1919","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41, no.5 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Ayacucho to Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A6B7CA5",null,null,"Machu Picchu, alt. 12,000 ft. (timberline), ruins of Cedrobamba, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1747","Diglossa mystacalis albilinea"],["32884","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa mystacalis mystacalis","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-59F87AD1",null,null,"Bolivia; type probably from Yungas of La Paz, cf. Bridges, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 15, p. 29.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Diglossa, Wagler, G.-B. Gray, Gen. of birds, p. 23.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/332/mode/1up","Diglossa mystacalis"],["32885","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa lafresnayii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.4","Glossy Flowerpiercer","Glossy Flowerpiercer","Glossy Flowerpiercer",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela, Ecuador and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723660","gloflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gloflo1","avibase-2C186D87",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia] .","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/14/mode/1up","Uncirostrum La Fresnayii"],["32886","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa gloriosissima","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.165","Chestnut-bellied Flowerpiercer","Chestnut-bellied Flowerpiercer","Chestnut-bellied Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid montane forest, scrub, elfin forest, and treeline scrub in the western Andes of Colombia from Antioquia southward to Risaralda and adjacent Chocó, and in the upper Río Patía valley in southwestern Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723656","chbflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbflo1","avibase-B5A814A5",null,null,"Andes, west of Popayan, alt. 10,340 ft., Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Diglossa gloriosissima"],["32887","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa gloriosissima gloriosissima","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"known with certainty from the southern end of the western Andes of Colombia (Cauca); presumably occurs farther northward, but the subspecies has not been determined for most localities within the range of the species, which extends from Antioquia southward to Cauca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B8A50ACB",null,null,"Andes, west of Popayan, alt. 10,340 ft., Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Diglossa gloriosissima"],["32888","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa gloriosissima boylei","Graves, 1990","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103, no.4 p.962",null,null,null,null,null,"known with certainty from the northern end of the western Andes of Colombia (Cerro Paramillo and Páramo Frontino, Antioquia); presumably occurs farther southward, but the subspecies has not been determined for most localities within the range of the species, which extends from Antioquia southward to Cauca",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D27F42E",null,null,"Páramo Frontino, 11850 ft. (ca. 3613 m), Dep. of Antioquia, Colombia","A new subspecies of Diglossa gloriosissima (Aves: Thraupinae) from the western Andes of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107575#page/990/mode/1up","Diglossa gloriosissima boylei"],["32889","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.26","Scaled Flowerpiercer","Scaled Flowerpiercer","Scaled Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid montane scrub atop tepuis in southern Venezuela and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723686","scaflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scaflo1","avibase-041CC925",null,null,"Mt. Duida, Venezuela, 6600 ft.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Diglossa duidae"],["32890","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa duidae hitchcocki","Phelps & Phelps, 1948","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 11 (71) p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (southern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B13E7D51",null,null,"Cerro Yavi, Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela ; altitude 2250 meters.","Descripción de seis aves nuevas de Venezuela y notas sobre veinticuatro adiciones a la avifauna del Brazil.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-seis-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-notas-sobre-veinticuatro-adiciones-a-la-avifauna-del-brasil/","Diglossa duidae hitchcocki"],["32891","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa duidae duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (central Amazonas) and adjacent northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-916461DC",null,null,"Mt. Duida, Venezuela, 6600 ft.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Diglossa duidae"],["32892","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa duidae georgebarrowcloughi","Dickerman, 1987","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 107, no.1 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Jime)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08888D30",null,null,"La Cumbre, Cerro Jime (=Cerro de la Neblina), Territoria Amazonas, Venezuela","Notes on the plumage of Diglossa duidae with the description of a new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123885#page/71/mode/1up","Diglossa duidae georgebarrowcloughi"],["32893","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa major","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.676","Greater Flowerpiercer","Greater Flowerpiercer","Greater Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub in the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana and adjacent Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723690","greflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greflo1","avibase-BE920B0F",null,null,"Roraima [, British Guiana] [= Cerro Roraima, Bolívar, Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/166/mode/1up","D[iglossa] major"],["32894","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa major gilliardi","Chapman, 1939","American Museum Novitates no.1051 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Auyan-tepui in southeastern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09456B90",null,null,"plateau of Mt. Auyan-tepui, 2200 m, Venezuela.","The upper zonal Birds of Mt. Auyantepui, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5154/","Diglossa major gilliardi"],["32895","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa major disjuncta","Zimmer & Phelps, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1270 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Gran Sabana in Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84D2C0C7",null,null,"Mt. Ptari-tepui, southwestern slope, Gran Sabana, State of Bolívar, Venezuela, altitude 1650 meters.","New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 1.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5095/","Diglossa major disjuncta"],["32896","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa major chimantae","Phelps & Phelps, 1947","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60, no.33 p.160-161",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela (Chimantáa-tepui in Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B280FC7D",null,null,"Cerro Chimanta-tepui, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela ; altitude 2000 meters.","Ten new subspecies of birds from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107336#page/166/mode/1up","Diglossa major chimantae"],["32897","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa major major","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.676",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southeastern Venezuela, adjacent northern Brazil (Uei-tepui in Roraima), and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2315DA9",null,null,"Roraima [, British Guiana] [= Cerro Roraima, Bolívar, Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/166/mode/1up","D[iglossa] major"],["32898","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa venezuelensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.191 p.11","Venezuelan Flowerpiercer","Venezuelan Flowerpiercer","Venezuelan Flowerpiercer",null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (northwestern Monagas and southern Sucre)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723648","venflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/venflo1","avibase-D2A59F93",null,null,"Carapas, alt. 5600 ft. ; [Sucre,] Venezuela.","Remarks on the life zones of northeastern Venezuela with descriptions of new species of birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4556/","Diglossa venezuelensis"],["32899","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa albilatera","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.99","White-sided Flowerpiercer","White-sided Flowerpiercer","White-sided Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid montane forest, shrubby clearings, and adjacent gardens in the the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, Sierra de Perijá, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón, southward to southern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723652","whsflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whsflo1","avibase-C33D6D15",null,null,"Colombie [= Santa Fé de Bogotá].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/107/mode/1up","Diglossa albi-latera"],["32900","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa albilatera federalis","Hellmayr, 1922","Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 1, no.6 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal cordillera of northern Venezuela (Aragua to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54E2303E",null,null,"Silla de Caracas, N. Venezuela.","Vier neue Formen aus Sudamerikanischen Avifauna.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137794#page/57/mode/1up","Diglossa albilatera federalis"],["32901","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa albilatera albilatera","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5693813",null,null,"Colombie [= Santa Fé de Bogotá].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/107/mode/1up","Diglossa albi-latera"],["32902","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa albilatera schistacea","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southwestern Ecuador to northwestern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13A5E889",null,null,"Chaupe, 6100 ft., northeast of Huancabamba, N. Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Diglossa albilatera schistacea"],["32903","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa albilatera affinis","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1203 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of north-central Peru (above Río Utcubamba) to Cusco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62CB7289",null,null,"Chachapoyas, Peru ; altitude, 7,300 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 44. Notes on the genera Diglossa and Cyanerpes with addenda to Ochthoeca.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3802/","Diglossa albi-latera affinis"],["32904","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa carbonaria","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Magasin de Zoologie 8, cl.2 p.25","Grey-bellied Flowerpiercer","Gray-bellied Flowerpiercer","Grey-bellied Flowerpiercer",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz to Chuquisaca) and adjacent northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723681","gybflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gybflo1","avibase-2D4F59B1",null,null,"Sicasica and Ayupaya, repub. Boliviam ; type from Sicasica, La Paz, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 233.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114209#page/199/mode/1up","Serrirostrum carbonarium"],["32905","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa brunneiventris","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.318","Black-throated Flowerpiercer","Black-throated Flowerpiercer","Black-throated Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid to semi-humid scrub, woodland, forest edges, and treeline in the northern portion of the western and central Andes of Colombia, very locally in northern Ecuador, and from northern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to northernmost Chile and western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723677","bktflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bktflo1","avibase-C77C89B2",null,null,"in Peruvia.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Diglossa, Wagler, G.-B. Gray, Gen. of birds, p. 23.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/332/mode/1up","Diglossa brunneiventris"],["32906","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa brunneiventris vuilleumieri","Graves, 1980","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 100, no.4 p.230",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Colombia (northern ends of the western and central Andes, Antioquia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-63C05229",null,null,"Páramo Frontino, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 11880 ft.","A new subspecies of Diglossa (carbonaria) brunneiventris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126875#page/268/mode/1up","Diglossa brunneiventris vuilleumieri"],["32907","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa brunneiventris brunneiventris","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes from northern Peru (northward to central Cajamarca, and to Amazonas south of the Río Marañón) southward to northern Chile (southward to northern Tarapacá) and to northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B27372D7",null,null,"in Peruvia.","Essai d'une monographie du genre Diglossa, Wagler, G.-B. Gray, Gen. of birds, p. 23.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/332/mode/1up","Diglossa brunneiventris"],["32908","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa gloriosa","Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.780,784 pl.46 fig.1[=2]","Merida Flowerpiercer","Merida Flowerpiercer","Merida Flowerpiercer",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and northern Táchira)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723668","merflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/merflo1","avibase-21B21DD8",null,null,"Páramo de la Culata, north of Mérida [Venezuela].","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/904/mode/1up","Diglossa gloriosa"],["32909","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa humeralis","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.22","Black Flowerpiercer","Black Flowerpiercer","Black Flowerpiercer",null,null,"humid montane forest and scrub, elfin forest, treeline, shrubby borders, and gardens in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from northern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela southward to northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723673","blkflo1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blkflo1","avibase-CC7387DB",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia] .","On some new Species of the Genus Agrilorhinus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/744/mode/1up","Agrilorhinus humeralis"],["32910","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa humeralis nocticolor","Bangs, 1898","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12 p.180",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northern Colombia) and Sierra de Perijá (Colombia–Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99F2622F",null,null,"Macotama [8000 ft., Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta], Colombia.","On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24139#page/206/mode/1up","Diglossa nocticolor"],["32911","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa humeralis humeralis","(Fraser, 1840)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.8, no.86 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Venezuela (southern Táchira south of the Táchira gap) and adjacent eastern Andes of Colombia (from Norte de Santander southward to Cundinamarca, probably to Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FFE20AF3",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia] .","On some new Species of the Genus Agrilorhinus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/744/mode/1up","Agrilorhinus humeralis"],["32912","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diglossa humeralis aterrima","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.319",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia (southward from northern Antioquia in central range, from Cerro Munchique, in Cauca, in western range), Ecuador and northern Peru (southward to Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FC50407",null,null,"in Nova Granada, Pasto [= Pasto, Nariño, Colombia] .","Essai d'une monographie du genre Diglossa, Wagler, G.-B. Gray, Gen. of birds, p. 23.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/333/mode/1up","Diglossa aterrima"],["32913","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltatricula","Burmeister, 1861","Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die physische Beschaffenheit und den Culturzustand der Argentinischen Republik. Ausgeführt in 1857, 1858, 1859 und 1860 2 p.481",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Saltator multicolor [Burmeister, 1860]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,null,"Saltatricula"],["32914","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltatricula atricollis","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.104","Black-throated Saltator","Black-throated Saltator","Black-throated Saltator",null,null,"Campos of northeastern Bolivia (Beni eastward to Santa Cruz) to northeastern Paraguay and interior northeastern and central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723901","bltsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltsal1","avibase-A291AF06",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/118/mode/1up","Saltator atricollis"],["32915","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltatricula multicolor","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.254","Many-colored Chaco Finch","Many-colored Chaco Finch","Many-colored Chaco Finch",null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (central Santa Cruz southward) to western Paraguay, northwestern Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723042","mccfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mccfin1","avibase-5F1BAE11",null,null,"Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/266/mode/1up","Saltator multicolor"],["32916","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.32",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra maxima [Statius Muller, 1776]; type by monotypy = Tanagra maxima Statius Muller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f38.item","Saltator"],["32917","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator orenocensis","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.274","Orinoco Saltator","Orinocan Saltator","Orinocan Saltator",null,null,"gallery woodland, arid scrub, and wooded savanna from northeastern Colombia, in the Guajira Peninsula, eastward to northwestern Venezuela, and east of the Andes from northern Venezuela southward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723885","orisal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orisal1","avibase-4D6CD9F6",null,null,"'l'embouchure de l'Orenoque,' Venezuela.","Sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux de l'embouchure de l'Orénoque.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/288/mode/1up","Saltator orenocensis"],["32918","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator orenocensis rufescens","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.201",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula) and arid northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7452189E",null,null,"Tocuyo, Lara, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/241/mode/1up","Saltator orenocensis rufescens"],["32919","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator orenocensis orenocensis","de Lafresnaye, 1846","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of Venezuela (north of the Río Orinoco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-74A07C92",null,null,"'l'embouchure de l'Orenoque,' Venezuela.","Sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux de l'embouchure de l'Orénoque.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/288/mode/1up","Saltator orenocensis"],["32920","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator olivascens","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.676","Olive-grey Saltator","Olive-gray Saltator","Olive-grey Saltator",null,null,"dry forest and woodland, wooded savanna, gallery forest, and mangroves from eastern Panama and northern Colombia eastward to Trinidad and the Guianas and southward to southeastern Venezuela and northernmost Brazil, and in the llanos of southwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia and in interior Colombia southward to the upper Cauca Valley and to the headwaters of the Rio Magdalena",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812685","grasal4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grasal4","avibase-BBCAE2A7",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/166/mode/1up","Saltator olivascens"],["32921","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator olivascens plumbeus","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37, no.25 p.923, note 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of northern Colombia (Río Sinú to the Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0EB8AAF",null,null,"Santa Marta [region] , Colombia.","Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Troisième communication : Passereaux Conirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/933/mode/1up","Saltator plumbeus"],["32922","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator olivascens brewsteri","Bangs & Penard, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia to Venezuela and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAFA2A41",null,null,"Caparo, Trinidad.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/109/mode/1up","Saltator olivascens brewsteri"],["32923","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator olivascens olivascens","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.676",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela to the Guianas and adjacent northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-10FBFFF2",null,null,"British Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/166/mode/1up","Saltator olivascens"],["32924","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grandis","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2","Cinnamon-bellied Saltator","Cinnamon-bellied Saltator","Cinnamon-bellied Saltator",null,null,"forest edge and scrub of lowlands to hills, Pacific slope of Mexico (southern Sonora to Oaxaca), and Caribbean slope from southwestern Tamaulipas through southern Mexico (including Yucatan Peninsula) to central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812680","grasal2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grasal2","avibase-6CE7B032",null,null,"Mexico; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, vide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Tanagra grandis"],["32925","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grandis vigorsii","Gray, 1844","The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 2 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa, western Durango, Nayarit, and coastal northern Jalisco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FA21D43",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico, designated by van Rossem 1938, BBOC 58, p. 125 (for S. rufiventris)",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219462#page/138/mode/1up","Saltator vigorsii"],["32926","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grandis plumbiceps","Baird, 1867","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.477",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (Jalisco to Colima, Guerrero, and adjacent western Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91E01B09",null,null,"Mazatlán, Mexico",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/497/mode/1up","Saltator plumbiceps"],["32927","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grandis grandis","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to Guatemala and central Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7CB5DD40",null,null,"Mexico; type from Jalapa, Veracruz, vide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Tanagra grandis"],["32928","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grandis yucatanensis","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1114, 1146",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula, adjacent Tabasco, and northeastern Chiapas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C1AD4854",null,null,"Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Saltator grandis yucatanensis"],["32929","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grandis hesperis","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.8",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C7ED55C",null,null,"San Jose, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight Collection of Guatemala Birds, III.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Saltator grandis hesperis"],["32930","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grandis brevicaudus","Van Rossem, 1931","Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of western Costa Rica (Gulf of Nicoya region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E1FB0637",null,null,"Aranjuez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica.","Notes on the races of Saltator grandis (Lichtenstein).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28541#page/32/mode/1up","Saltator grandis brevicaudus"],["32931","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator albicollis","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.107","Lesser Antillean Saltator","Lesser Antillean Saltator","Lesser Antillean Saltator",null,null,"forest and gardens of lowlands from Guadeloupe to St. Lucia (central and southern Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723907","leasal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leasal1","avibase-D09BB873",null,null,"Cayenne ; error, Martinique substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr. Berlin, 1911, p. 1118.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/121/mode/1up","Saltator albicollis"],["32932","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator albicollis albicollis","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.107",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique and St. Lucia (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA08D8FF",null,null,"Cayenne ; error, Martinique substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr. Berlin, 1911, p. 1118.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/121/mode/1up","Saltator albicollis"],["32933","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator albicollis guadelupensis","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.167",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe and Dominica (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3286EB95",null,null,"Guadeloupe.","Description de quelques Oiseaux de la Guadeloupe.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/175/mode/1up","Saltator guadelupensis"],["32934","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator similis","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.36","Green-winged Saltator","Green-winged Saltator","Green-winged Saltator",null,null,"semi-humid woodland and gallery forest in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga from northeastern Brazil southward to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, and across the Cerrado of interior Brazil southward to eastern and northern Paraguay, south-central Brazil, and eastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723882","grwsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grwsal1","avibase-2CF9456D",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/152/mode/1up","Saltator similis"],["32935","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator similis similis","d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.36",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (central to eastern Santa Cruz) to southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8275F4A0",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/152/mode/1up","Saltator similis"],["32936","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator similis ochraceiventris","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1114, 1146",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern São Paulo to Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A1C24865",null,null,"Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Saltator similis ochraceiventris"],["32937","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator coerulescens","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.105","Bluish-grey Saltator","Bluish-gray Saltator","Bluish-grey Saltator",null,null,"dry to humid forest, gallery and riparian forest, and woodland from southern Venezuela, northwestern Brazil, and southeastern Colombia southward across the Amazon basin to northern Bolivia, the Cerrado of south-central Brazil, and through the Chaco of Paraguay and eastern Bolivia southward to northern Argentina and adjacent Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103812647","grasal3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grasal3","avibase-6D75BBB8",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/119/mode/1up","Saltator coerulescens"],["32938","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator coerulescens azarae","d'Orbigny, 1840","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 46, Oiseaux p.287",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to Ecuador, Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Amazonian Brazil (north of the Amazon River, probably to the Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26CD8F71",null,null,"Moxos and Santa Cruz, Bolivia ; type from Moxos, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/303/mode/1up","Saltator Azarae"],["32939","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator coerulescens mutus","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.305 p.72-73",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Brazil (lower Amazon River to Mexiana Island, Amapá, and northern Maranhão)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A973798",null,null,"Mexiana Island, lower Amazon, northern Brazil.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers. Part I.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/108/mode/1up","Saltator mutus"],["32940","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator coerulescens superciliaris","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.44, pl.57",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (southern Piauí to northern and eastern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D97E11B4",null,null,"'in campis fl. St. Francisci prope pagum Joazeiro,' Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/58/mode/1up","Tanagra superciliaris"],["32941","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator coerulescens coerulescens","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, southwestern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BDA93108",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/119/mode/1up","Saltator coerulescens"],["32942","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.73","Streaked Saltator","Streaked Saltator","Streaked Saltator",null,null,"dry to semi-humid woodland, scrub, and adjacent fields from southwestern Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama (including satellite islands), from northern Colombia eastward across northern Venezuela to Trinidad, and southward in the Andes to southern Colombia and northern Ecuador, and in the Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador southward to southwestern Peru, including the upper Marañón Valley",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731538","strsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/strsal1","avibase-4875898E",null,null,"Cali, Valle de Cauca, Colombia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/81/mode/1up","Saltator striatipictus"],["32943","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus furax","Bangs & Penard, 1919","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CC04546",null,null,"near Boruca, western Costa Rica","Some critical notes on birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/44/mode/1up","Saltator striatipictus furax"],["32944","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus isthmicus","Sclater, 1861","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.130",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama (except western Chiriquí and Darién)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-008BF8BC",null,null,"Isthmus of Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/194/mode/1up","Saltator isthmicus"],["32945","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus scotinus","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba and Ranchería islands (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D85035D",null,null,"Isla Coiba, off Veraguas, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/328/mode/1up","Saltator albicollis scotinus"],["32946","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus melicus","Wetmore, 1952","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 121, no.2 p.29-30",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Taboga (Bay of Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-78AC588B",null,null,"Taboga Island, Panama.","The birds of the islands of Taboga, Taboguilla, and Uravá, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86742#page/135/mode/1up","Saltator albicollis melicus"],["32947","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus speratus","Bangs & Penard, 1919","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (San Miguel, Saboga, and Viveros, western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4BBB2E2",null,null,"Sabago [= Saboga] Island, Pearl Islands, Gulf of Panama.","Some critical notes on birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/45/mode/1up","Saltator striatipictus speratus"],["32948","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus striatipectus","de Lafresnaye, 1847","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.73",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) and Colombia west of the Andes (southward to Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2D4D9D44",null,null,"Cali, Valle de Cauca, Colombia.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/81/mode/1up","Saltator striatipictus"],["32949","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus perstriatus","Parkes, 1959","Novedades Colombianas 1 no.4 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to mountains of northern Venezuela and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CECEF4EE",null,null,"San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela.",null,null,"Saltator albicollis perstriatus"],["32950","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus flavidicollis","Sclater, 1860","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.274",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño) to arid western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6DADD9BF",null,null,"Babahoyo, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/354/mode/1up","Saltator flavidicollis"],["32951","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus immaculatus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1892","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892, pt.3 p.375",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal Peru (Lambayeque to Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FAFD52F0",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","Résultats des recherches ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99351#page/447/mode/1up","Saltator immaculatus"],["32952","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator striatipectus peruvianus","Cory, 1916","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"Marañón drainage of southeastern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (Cajamarca and La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C7CC935",null,null,"Hacienda Limon, 10 miles west of Balsas, Cajamarca, Peru.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/17/mode/1up","Saltator striatipectus peruvianus"],["32953","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator maximus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.159","Buff-throated Saltator","Buff-throated Saltator","Buff-throated Saltator",null,null,"resident in forest edge and gardens of lowlands and lower hills in mesic areas from central Veracruz (east-central Mexico) southward to central Bolivia and eastward to east-central Brazil; restricted to the Caribbean slope from Mexico southward to Nicaragua, but also on the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723872","butsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/butsal1","avibase-8A80DE66",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/179/mode/1up","Tanagra maxima"],["32954","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator maximus gigantodes","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Mexico (Veracruz to northern Oaxaca and Tabasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-373093C2",null,null,"Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/158/mode/1up","Saltator gigantodes"],["32955","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator maximus magnoides","de Lafresnaye, 1844","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7 p.41",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Mexico (Chiapas, southern Campeche, and southern Quintana Roo), northern Guatemala, and Belize southward on Caribbean slope to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and northwestern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0B4E113B",null,null,"Mexico ; error, emended to Guatemala by Peters, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 467.","Oiseaux nouveaux du Mexique.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19478#page/49/mode/1up","Saltator magnoides"],["32956","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator maximus intermedius","Lawrence, 1864","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica to central Panama (Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7A0869ED",null,null,"New Granada, Isthmus of Panama.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/114/mode/1up","Saltator intermedius"],["32957","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator maximus iungens","Griscom, 1929","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 69, no.8 p.184",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama and lowlands of northwestern Colombia (eastward to lower Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A217B159",null,null,"Cana, Darien, eastern Panama.","A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21001#page/270/mode/1up","Saltator maximus iungens"],["32958","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator maximus maximus","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia and Venezuela eastward to the Guianas, southward to Ecuador, eastern Peru, Brazil (Amazonia southward to Mato Grosso do Sul; also eastern coast from Pernambuco southward to Rio de Janeiro) and northeastern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D3E4B57",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/179/mode/1up","Tanagra maxima"],["32959","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atripennis","Sclater, 1857","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, no.6 p.261","Black-winged Saltator","Black-winged Saltator","Black-winged Saltator",null,null,"humid forest in the foothills of the Andes from northern Colombia southward to the headwaters in the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and along the western Andes southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723875","blwsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwsal1","avibase-A51E5593",null,null,"Popayan, Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18246#page/281/mode/1up","Saltator atripennis"],["32960","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atriceps","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.208 pl.69","Black-headed Saltator","Black-headed Saltator","Black-headed Saltator",null,null,"forest edge and gardens of lowlands and hills from northern Guerrero on the Pacific slope (west-central Mexico) and central Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico) on the Caribbean slope through Mexico (including Yucatan Peninsula) through central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723869","blhsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhsal1","avibase-9B7AF035",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Veracruz by Griscom, 1937, Auk, 54, p. 198.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/346/mode/1up","Tanagra (Saltator) atriceps"],["32961","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atriceps atriceps","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.208 pl.69",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Mexico from southern Tamaulipas (except southeastern Veracruz and northern and central Yucatán Peninsula) southward to eastern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-178815C3",null,null,"Mexico ; restricted to Veracruz by Griscom, 1937, Auk, 54, p. 198.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/346/mode/1up","Tanagra (Saltator) atriceps"],["32962","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atriceps suffuscus","Wetmore, 1942","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.106",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Sierra de los Tuxtlas of southeastern Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C244B0A1",null,null,"Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico.","Descriptions of three additional Birds from southern Vera Cruz.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/124/mode/1up","Saltator atriceps suffuscus"],["32963","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atriceps flavicrissus","Griscom, 1937","The Auk 54, no.2 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Guerrero to central Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-626FC9A8",null,null,"Isguagilite, Guerrero, Mexico.","A collection of Birds from Omilteme, Guerrero.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol54/iss2/8/","Saltator atriceps flavicrissus"],["32964","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atriceps peeti","Brodkorb, 1940","The Auk 57, no.4 p.542-549",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Mexico (Chiapas and adjacent Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E81F5B43",null,null,"Pijijiapan, 50 m., Chiapas.","New Birds from southern Mexico.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol57/iss4/10/","Saltator atriceps peeti"],["32965","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atriceps raptor","(Cabot, 1845)","Boston Journal of Natural History 6 p.90, pl. 12",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (Yucatán, Quintana Roo, and Campeche)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A34CA640",null,null,"Yucatan.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100572#page/94/mode/1up","Pyrrhula raptor"],["32966","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator atriceps lacertosus","Bangs, 1900","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.31",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Costa Rica (Talamanca) and Panama (eastward to Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99672FCB",null,null,"Loma del Leon, Panama.","List of Birds collected by W. W. Brown, Jr., at Loma del Leon, Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/57/mode/1up","Saltator lacertosus"],["32967","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator nigriceps","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.23 p.322","Black-cowled Saltator","Black-cowled Saltator","Black-cowled Saltator",null,null,"humid montane forest of southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723889","blcsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcsal1","avibase-9F5FFC0A",null,null,"Loja, 7,000 ft., Prov. Loja, Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/819","Pitylus nigriceps"],["32968","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator fuliginosus","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.372","Black-throated Grosbeak","Black-throated Grosbeak","Black-throated Grosbeak",null,null,"humid forest and scrub of eastern Brazil to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723858","bltgro2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltgro2","avibase-14767432",null,null,"America; restricted to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Inter. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1119.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/420/mode/1up","Loxia fuliginosa"],["32969","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grossus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.307","Slate-colored Grosbeak","Slate-colored Grosbeak","Slate-colored Grosbeak",null,null,"humid forest from the Caribbean slope of northeastern Honduras southward to northwestern Colombia, along the Pacific lowlands southward to southwestern Ecuador, east of the Andes in the Guianas, the Orinoco and Amazon basins from eastern Venezuela southward to northwestern Bolivia and south-central Brazil (Rondônia), and adjacent northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723846","slcgro1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcgro1","avibase-1D797D4D",null,null,"America; restricted to Cayenne by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/311/mode/1up","Loxia grossa"],["32970","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grossus saturatus","(Todd, 1922)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Nicaragua to western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E2622CC9",null,null,"Guacimo, Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/119/mode/1up","Pitylus grossus saturatus"],["32971","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator grossus grossus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.307",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, and northern Bolivia (La Paz eastward to northern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11A2C892",null,null,"America; restricted to Cayenne by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/311/mode/1up","Loxia grossa"],["32972","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator cinctus","Zimmer, 1943","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 56 p.33","Masked Saltator","Masked Saltator","Masked Saltator",null,null,"Andes of far southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723898","massal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/massal1","avibase-9FDD77B5",null,null,"Cutucu, 2,000 m., near Macas, Zamora, Ecuador.","A new species of Finch from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107522#page/55/mode/1up","Saltator cinctus"],["32973","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator maxillosus","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.142","Thick-billed Saltator","Thick-billed Saltator","Thick-billed Saltator",null,null,"humid forest of eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723895","thbsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thbsal1","avibase-D9CE1DC4",null,null,"Montevideo ; error, southern Brazil substituted by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 29.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/158/mode/1up","Saltator maxillosus"],["32974","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator aurantiirostris","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.103","Golden-billed Saltator","Golden-billed Saltator","Golden-billed Saltator",null,null,"dry montane scrub, shrubby areas, Chaco woodland, and open fields in the Andes from northern Peru in the Río Marañón basin, southward to southern Peru and adjacent northern Chile, along the eastern Andes of Peru southward to the Chaco of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, Uruguay, far southeastern Brazil, and central Argentina (northeastern Río Negro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723892","gobsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gobsal1","avibase-1ED1A93B",null,null,"Paraguay; probably Corrientes, Argentina, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field. Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/117/mode/1up","Saltator aurantiirostris"],["32975","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator aurantiirostris iteratus","Chapman, 1927","American Museum Novitates no.261 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (Cajamarca, Amazonas, La Libertad, and Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E78E86B5",null,null,"Chugur, 9,000 ft., 40 mi. northwest of Cajamarca, Peru.","The variation and distribution of Saltator aurantiirostris.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4100/","Saltator aurantiirostris iteratus"],["32976","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator aurantiirostris albociliaris","(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 19 p.611",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Ancash and Huánuco) to northern Chile (Arica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54052F7A",null,null,"Socoroma, 5,000 ft., Tacna, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/203210#page/625/mode/1up","Pitylus albociliaris"],["32977","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator aurantiirostris hellmayri","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Notulae Naturae no.12 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (La Paz eastward to southern Santa Cruz and southward to Potosí and northern Tarija)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA925DD4",null,null,"Tiraque, Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia",null,"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_hF9uiXk97xIC/page/n1","Saltator aurantiirostris hellmayri"],["32978","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator aurantiirostris aurantiirostris","Vieillot, 1817","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.103",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Bolivia to Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB47D2B9",null,null,"Paraguay; probably Corrientes, Argentina, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field. Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 30.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/117/mode/1up","Saltator aurantiirostris"],["32979","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator aurantiirostris parkesi","Silva, 1990","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 110, no.4 p.172",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-343FED9F",null,null,"Estancia Vizcacheras, Santa Elena, Entre Ríos, Argentina","Description of a new subspecies of Saltator aurantiirostris, with comments on S. maxillosus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123708#page/494/mode/1up","Saltator aurantiirostris parkesi"],["32980","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Saltator aurantiirostris nasica","Wetmore & Peters, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.45",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Argentina (La Rioja, Mendoza, and western La Pampa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D408552",null,null,"El Salto, 6,000 ft., Potrerillos, Mendoza, Argentina.","A new genus and four new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/67/mode/1up","Saltator aurantiirostris nasica"],["32981","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphaspiza","Gray, 1840","A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus ed. 1 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Leptonyx melanotis [Swainson, 1838]; type by original designation = Emberizoides melanotis Temminck, 1822  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48588#page/61/mode/1up","Coryphaspiza"],["32982","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphaspiza melanotis","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.19, vol.3 pl.114 fig.2","Black-masked Finch","Black-masked Finch","Black-masked Finch",null,null,"tall grass in lowlands and plateaus of southern Amazonia from southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia northeastward through southern Amazonas and northeastern Pará (northeastern Brazil), and in the south through southeastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (no recent records?), and southeastern Brazil; generally rare",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723039","blmfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blmfin1","avibase-0A2ACC6A",null,null,"Paraguay and Brazil; type from Ipanema, São Paulo, Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 614.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/403/mode/1up","Emberizoides melanotis"],["32983","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphaspiza melanotis marajoara","Sick, 1967","Journal für Ornithologie 108, no.2 p.219",null,null,null,null,null,"Ilha de Marajó (eastern Brazil in Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87E40BD0",null,null,"Fazenda Maria Pana, Ilha Maraj 6, Pará, Brazil.","Coryphaspiza melanotis marajoara subsp. nov..","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01671411","Coryphaspiza melanotis marajoara"],["32984","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coryphaspiza melanotis melanotis","(Temminck, 1822)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.19, vol.3 pl.114 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia, southeastern Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EA306E1",null,null,"Paraguay and Brazil; type from Ipanema, São Paulo, Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 614.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/403/mode/1up","Emberizoides melanotis"],["32985","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Embernagra","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra dumetorum [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy = Emberiza platensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/503/mode/1up","Embernagra"],["32986","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Embernagra longicauda","Strickland, 1844","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.13, no.86 p.420","Serra Finch","Pale-throated Pampa-Finch","Pale-throated Pampa-finch",null,null,"locally on serras of eastern Brazil (interior central Bahia and Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723391","ptpfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ptpfin1","avibase-0AFB74BC",null,null,"South America.","XLVI. Descriptions of several new or imperfectly-defined Genera and Species of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19482#page/460/mode/1up","Embernagra longicauda"],["32987","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Embernagra platensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.886","Pampa Finch","Great Pampa-Finch","Great Pampa-finch",null,null,"northern Bolivia eastward to southeastern Brazil, and southward to eastern Paraguay and central Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723386","grpfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grpfin1","avibase-1083DB63",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/387/mode/1up","Emberiza platensis"],["32988","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Embernagra platensis platensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.886",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia eastward to southeastern Brazil, and southward to eastern Paraguay and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-68FF4438",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/387/mode/1up","Emberiza platensis"],["32989","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Embernagra platensis olivascens","d'Orbigny, 1840","Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 livr. 46, Oiseaux p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"central Bolivia southward to western Paraguay and north-central Argentina (to Córdoba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BFC38E7C",null,null,"Enquisivi, Sicasica ; Palca, Ayupaya ; and valley of Cochabamba, Bolivia; cotypes from Enquisivi and Palca, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 637.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/301/mode/1up","Embernagra olivascens"],["32990","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Embernagra platensis catamarcana","Nores, 1986","El Hornero 12, no.4 p.270",null,null,null,null,null,"central Catamarca (northwestern Argentina)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EAE05F98",null,null,"Campo Los Pozuelos, Dpto. Santa María, Catamarca, Argentina, setiembre 26, 1953; coleccionado por S. Piérotti","Diez nuevas subespecies de aves provenientes de islas ecologicas Argentinas.","https://elhornero.avesargentinas.org.ar/home/article/view/1173","Embernagra platensis catamarcanus"],["32991","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Embernagra platensis gossei","Chubb, 1918","Ibis ser.10, vol.6, no.1 p.9-10, pl. I, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"west-central Argentina (Mendoza, San Juan, and San Luis)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBAD1BF2",null,null,"Lujan, Mendoza, Argentina.","Notes on Embernagra platensis and its Allies, with the Description of a new Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55021#page/59/mode/1up","Embernagra gossei"],["32992","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides","Temminck, 1822","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.19, vol.3 text to pl.114",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Emberizoides marginalis [Temminck, 1822]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 43). = Sylvia herbicola Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/401/mode/1up","Emberizoides"],["32993","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides ypiranganus","Ihering & Ihering, 1907","Catálogos da fauna brazileira 1 p.390","Lesser Grass Finch","Lesser Grass-Finch","Lesser Grass-finch",null,null,"marshes of eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723380","lesgrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lesgrf1","avibase-26E82632",null,null,"Ypiranga, São Paulo State, Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45597#page/440/mode/1up","Emberizoides ypiranganus"],["32994","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides duidae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.380 p.25","Duida Grass Finch","Duida Grass-Finch","Duida Grass-finch",null,null,"tepuis of southern Venezuela (Cerro Duida in Amazonas)",null,"DD","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723375","dugfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dugfin1","avibase-F9E82153",null,null,"savannah hills, 4,400 ft., Cerro Duida, Amazonas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3988/","Emberizoides duidae"],["32995","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides herbicola","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.192","Wedge-tailed Grass Finch","Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch","Wedge-tailed Grass-finch",null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica (Térraba region) to northern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723370","wtgfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wtgfin1","avibase-BA6FDF30",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/206/mode/1up","Sylvia herbicola"],["32996","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides herbicola lucaris","Bangs, 1908","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica (Térraba region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F750C9EA",null,null,"Boruca, Costa Rica.","On certain Costa Rican birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42146#page/48/mode/1up","Emberizoides sphenura lucaris"],["32997","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides herbicola hypochondriacus","Hellmayr, 1906","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-552248A0",null,null,"Frances, 2,000 ft., Volcán de Chiriquí, Panama.","Description of a new subspecies of Bunting from Chiriqui.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/452/mode/1up","Emberizoides herbicola hypochondriacus"],["32998","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides herbicola apurensis","Gilliard, 1940","American Museum Novitates no.1071 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60DF3D22",null,null,"Pedraza (Ciudad Bolivia) , upper Apure Valley, Barinas, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seven new birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2235/","Emberizoides herbicola apurensis"],["32999","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides herbicola sphenurus","(Vieillot, 1818)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25 p.25",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2CF4219A",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60121#page/33/mode/1up","Passerina sphenura"],["33000","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Emberizoides herbicola herbicola","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.192",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and eastern and southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B0214E0",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/206/mode/1up","Sylvia herbicola"],["33001","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.135",null,null,null,"2025-0594","New generic limits for the Thraupidae (based on Burns et al. 2014, 2016) are adopted except that <em>rustica </em>is placed in <em>Haplospiza </em>rather than <em>Spodiornis</em>. Although this renders <em>Haplospiza </em>as non-monophyletic based on mitochondrial-dominated DNA data (Burns et al. 2014, 2016), similarities in plumage, their bamboo-specialist ecology, and song types align <em>H. rustica</em> with <em>H. unicolor</em>; broader genomic and taxon sampling is needed to better define generic limits within this group, which also includes <em>Acanthidops </em>and <em>Geospizopsis</em>.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla fruticeti [von Kittlitz, 1833]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/151/mode/1up","Rhopospina"],["33002","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina fruticeti","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.18 pl.23 fig.1","Mourning Sierra Finch","Mourning Sierra Finch","Mourning Sierra-finch",null,null,"dry montane scrub, shrubby areas, Polylepis woodland, and shrub-steppe in the Andes from northern Peru southward to southern Chile and south-central Argentina, and in the Patagonia southward to the northern part of Tierra del Fuego; also in the lowlands of central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723080","mosfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mosfin1","avibase-F3A048A6",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/26/mode/1up","Fringilla fruticeti"],["33003","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina fruticeti peruviana","(Zimmer, 1924)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.63",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern Peru to Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0200AC5A",null,null,"Matucana, Lima, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/21/mode/1up","Phrygilus fruticeti peruvianus"],["33004","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina fruticeti coracina","(Sclater, 1891)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891, pt.1 p.133, pl. XIII",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (western Oruro and Potosí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6585271A",null,null,"an estancia 8 leagues from Sacaya, prov. Tarapaca, Chili","On a second Collection of Birds from the Province of Tarapacá, Northern Chili.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99645#page/191/mode/1up","Phrygilus coracinus"],["33005","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina fruticeti fruticeti","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.18 pl.23 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Bolivia to southern Chile and southern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D2636ADD",null,null,"Valparaiso, Chile.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103186#page/26/mode/1up","Fringilla fruticeti"],["33006","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina caerulescens","(Wied-Neuwied, 1830)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.1 p.541","Blue Finch","Blue Finch","Blue Finch",null,null,"Cerrado of interior of northeastern and central Brazil; adjacent Paraguay (?)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723966","blufin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blufin1","avibase-17B1CAD5",null,null,"Campos Gerae's of inner Brazil [= interior of Bahia] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/561/mode/1up","Tanagra caerulescens"],["33007","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina carbonaria","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.79","Carbonated Sierra Finch","Carbonated Sierra Finch","Carbon Sierra-finch",null,null,"pampas of central Argentina; winters northward to Tucumán",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723105","casfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/casfin1","avibase-E040A723",null,null,"Patagonia","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza carbonaria"],["33008","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina alaudina","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.18 pl.23 fig.2","Band-tailed Sierra Finch","Band-tailed Sierra Finch","Band-tailed Sierra-finch",null,null,"arid montane scrub, open grassland with sparse shrubs, and lowland semi-desert scrub in the Andes from northern Ecuador southward to northern Chile and from southeastern Peru southward to northwestern Argentina, including the isolated Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis; in the arid lowlands of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, and again in the lowlands of central-eastern Peru southward to central Chile",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723110","btsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/btsfin1","avibase-41CB1805",null,null,"Chile [-Valparaiso, by implication] .",null,null,"Fringilla alaudina"],["33009","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina alaudina bipartita","(Zimmer, 1924)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 12, no.4 p.61-63",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Ecuador and southward in coastal slope of Peru and far northern Chile (Putre, in Arica–Parinacota)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-591E5643",null,null,"Cajamarca, Peru.","New Birds from Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25991#page/19/mode/1up","Phrygilus alaudinus bipartitus"],["33010","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina alaudina humboldti","(Koepcke, 1963)","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 3 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southern Ecuador and northern Peru (southward to Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F0A30EA",null,null,"Quebrada El Chorillo, lat. 6°10' S., long. 81°0r W., 150 m., Cerro Illescas, Piura, Peru.","Zur Kenntniss einiger Finken des peruanischen Küstengebietes (mit Beschreibungen neuer Subspezies).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/298/mode/1up","Phrygilus alaudinus humboldti"],["33011","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina alaudina bracki","(O'Neill & Parker, 1997)","Ornithological Monographs 48 p.489",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (arid inter-Andean of upper Río Huallaga)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-90083E60",null,null,"west bank of the Río Huallaga below (= south of) Acomayo, depto. Hulinuco, Peru (no elevation recorded,but approximately 2,000 m on the bank of the river), 18 November1973; collectedby Dan A. and Erika Tallman","New subspecies of Myrmoborus leucophrys (Formicariidae) and Phrygilus alaudinus (Emberizidae) from the upper Huallaga valley, Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornithological_monographs/39/","Phrygilus alaudinus bracki"],["33012","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina alaudina excelsa","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13, pt.II p.127",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Puno) and Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9583C839",null,null,"Puno, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/45/mode/1up","Phrygilus alaudinus excelsus"],["33013","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina alaudina alaudina","(Kittlitz, 1833)","Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel 2 p.18 pl.23 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Chile (Atacama to Valdivia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8313B548",null,null,"Chile [-Valparaiso, by implication] .",null,null,"Fringilla alaudina"],["33014","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rhopospina alaudina venturii","(Hartert, 1909)","Novitates Zoologicae 16, no.2 p.180-181",null,null,null,null,null,"northwestern Argentina, from Andes of Jujuy southward to Catamarca; also mountains of Córdoba and San Luis",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-43F4EF2D",null,null,"Lagunita, 3,000 m., Tucumán, Argentina.","Notes sur les oiseaux de la République Argentine.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21989#page/200/mode/1up","Phrygilus alaudinus venturii"],["33015","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Incaspiza","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Haemophila pulchra [Sclater, PL, 1886]; type by original designation",null,"Descriptions of Supposed New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Incaspiza"],["33016","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Incaspiza personata","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.8","Rufous-backed Inca Finch","Rufous-backed Inca-Finch","Rufous-backed Inca-finch",null,null,"Andes of western Peru (west slope of western Andes in Ancash and upper Marañón Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723193","rbifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbifin1","avibase-F41C2D53",null,null,"near Cajamarca, 10,000 ft., Cajamarca, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/24/mode/1up","Haemophila personata"],["33017","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Incaspiza ortizi","Zimmer, 1952","Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42, no.3 p.103","Grey-winged Inca Finch","Gray-winged Inca-Finch","Grey-winged Inca-finch",null,null,"Andes of northern Peru (central Marañón Valley, and very local on west slope of Andes in Cajamarca)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723198","gywinf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gywinf1","avibase-2BACA383",null,null,"near La Esperanza, 1,800 m., Cajamarca, Peru.","A new Finch from northern Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122703#page/579/mode/1up","Incaspiza ortizi"],["33018","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Incaspiza pulchra","(Sclater, 1886)","Ibis ser.5, vol.4, no.15 p.259 pl.8","Great Inca Finch","Great Inca-Finch","Great Inca-finch",null,null,"arid Andes of Peru (Ancash to southern Lima)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723188","grifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grifin1","avibase-5429C745",null,null,"Matucana, upper Río Rimac valley, ca. 8,000 ft., Lima, Peru.","Description of a new Ground-finch from Western Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/271312#page/305/mode/1up","Haemophila pulchra"],["33019","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Incaspiza laeta","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.8","Buff-bridled Inca Finch","Buff-bridled Inca-Finch","Buff-bridled Inca-finch",null,null,"arid Andes of western Peru (upper Marañón Valley drainage)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723204","bbifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbifin1","avibase-754AE5B4",null,null,"Cajabamba, 9,000 ft., Vina, 5,500 ft., Huamachuco; Chusgon, 8,500 ft., Huamachuco; Cajamarca, 9,000 ft., and Malea [=Malca], 8,000 ft., Cajabamba, Peru; type from Cajabamba, Cajamarca, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 538.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/24/mode/1up","Haemophila laeta"],["33020","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Incaspiza watkinsi","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.3","Little Inca Finch","Little Inca-Finch","Little Inca-finch",null,null,"foothills of arid western Peru (middle Río Marañón drainage)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723209","liifin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/liifin1","avibase-91991397",null,null,"Perico, Río Chinchipe, Cajamarca, Peru.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Incaspiza watkinsi"],["33021","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila","Cabanis, 1844","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pyrrhula falcirostris [Temminck, 1820]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 63).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/299/mode/1up","Sporophila"],["33022","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila lineola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.174","Lined Seedeater","Lined Seedeater","Lined Seedeater",null,null,"breeds in northeastern Brazil, migrating to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Amazonian Brazil; also breeds from southern Bolivia to southern Brazil, southward to Paraguay and northern Argentina; migrating to Amazonia; seasonal status (migrant or resident) in some regions not clear",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723434","linsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/linsee1","avibase-7B104DA6",null,null,"Asia ; error, emended to Surinam by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 26; further emended to Bahia, Brazil, by de Schauensee, 1952, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 104, p. 177.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/193/mode/1up","Loxia lineola"],["33023","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila bouvronides","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.450","Lesson's Seedeater","Lesson's Seedeater","Lesson's Seedeater",null,null,"breeds northern Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Guianas; winters to northern Amazonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723431","lessee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lessee2","avibase-CF81E248",null,null,"no locality ; Trinidad designated by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 211.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/488/mode/1up","Pyrrhula bouvronides"],["33024","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila angolensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.303","Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch","Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch","Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch",null,null,"shrubby and grassy fields from interior Colombia (Magdalena Valley), Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Venezuela southward across the Orinoco and Amazon basins to central Bolivia, in the Cerrado of interior Brazil, and the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (southward to Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723542","cbsfin","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbsfin","avibase-8F23E84F",null,null,"'Angola ; error, eastern Brazil suggested by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/307/mode/1up","Loxia angolensis"],["33025","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila angolensis torrida","(Scopoli, 1769)","Annus I Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatorus, et museo excell. Comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani p.140",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia to Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1087B36D",null,null,"live bird in Vienna zoo secured by Jacquin during his travels in West Indies and coastal northern South America ; north coast of Venezuela designated by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 246.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97453#page/144/mode/1up","Loxia torrida"],["33026","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila angolensis angolensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil to northern Bolivia (Pando eastward to northern Santa Cruz), Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3F0AE6C3",null,null,"'Angola ; error, eastern Brazil suggested by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 19.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/307/mode/1up","Loxia angolensis"],["33027","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila funerea","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.378","Thick-billed Seed Finch","Thick-billed Seed-Finch","Thick-billed Seed-finch",null,null,"southern Mexico (Veracruz) southward (including Coiba and Pearl islands, western Panama) to western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22729107","tbsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tbsfin1","avibase-64EDEAE0",null,null,"Suchapam, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/470/mode/1up","Oryzoborus funereus"],["33028","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila funerea funerea","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Mexico southward to northern Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-39872D18",null,null,"Suchapam, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/470/mode/1up","Oryzoborus funereus"],["33029","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila funerea salvini","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6 no.391 p.401,note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Nicaragua, Costa Rica (except far southwestern), and Caribbean coast of Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CC460343",null,null,"Los Sabalos, Nicaragua","On a Collection of Birds from Nicaragua","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/415/mode/1up","Oryzoborus salvini"],["33030","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila funerea ochrogyne","Olson, 1981","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 p.47",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and Panama to western and northern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela (western shores of Lake Maracaibo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E15A35A9",null,null,"Utive, Río Cabobre, Panama Province, Panama","A revision of the subspecies of Sporophila (\"Oryzoborus\") angolensis (Aves: Emberizinae).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107604#page/69/mode/1up","Sporophila angolensis ochrogyne"],["33031","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila funerea fractor","Olson, 2007","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 120, no.4 p.378",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba Island (off southern Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0039F443",null,null,"Salinas, Isla de Coiba, Veraguas, Panama. Collected 23 Jan 1956 by Alexander Wetmore.","A new subspecies of Sporophila angolensis (Aves: Emberizidae) from Isla de Coiba and other additions to the avifauna of the Veragua Archipelago, Panama","https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6488/VZ_367_Sporophila_angolensis.pdf#page=2","Sporophila angolensis fractor"],["33032","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila funerea aethiops","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.1 p.88",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A8B6AE08",null,null,"Nanegal, 4000 ft., W. slope of Pichinchi, Ecuador",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/126/mode/1up","Oryzoborus aethiops"],["33033","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila maximiliani","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.151,note","Great-billed Seed Finch","Great-billed Seed-Finch","Great-billed Seed-finch",null,null,"grassy marshes, riparian thickets and damp grassland very locally from eastern Venezuela (now rare), and at least formerly western Guyana, eastern French Guiana, and northern Brazil (no recent records), and disjunctly central and eastern Brazil (now rare)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723537","gbsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbsfin1","avibase-A5767214",null,null,"Brasilien",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/167/mode/1up","Oryzoborus maximiliani"],["33034","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila nuttingi","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 6 p.401,note","Nicaraguan Seed Finch","Nicaraguan Seed-Finch","Nicaraguan Seed-finch",null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723522","nisfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nisfin1","avibase-3AAEDDCF",null,null,"Los Sabalos, Nicaragua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53527#page/415/mode/1up","Oryzoborus nuttingi"],["33035","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila crassirostris","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.862","Large-billed Seed Finch","Large-billed Seed-Finch","Large-billed Seed-finch",null,null,"shrubby and grassy fields and riparian thickets from northern Colombia and northern Venezuela eastward locally through the Guianas and southward to northernmost Brazil; from southwestern Venezuela southward to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru, and in interior Colombia southward along the Rio Cauca and Rio Magdalena; also west of the Andes from northwestern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723527","lbsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lbsfin1","avibase-2824A1D9",null,null,"no locality; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 25.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/363/mode/1up","Loxia crassirostris"],["33036","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila crassirostris occidentalis","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1FB40CB8",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.","List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Babahoyo in Ecuador, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/358/mode/1up","Oryzoborus occidentalis"],["33037","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila crassirostris crassirostris","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.862",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia eastward to Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, and southward to northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA9E7D2E",null,null,"no locality; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 25.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/363/mode/1up","Loxia crassirostris"],["33038","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila atrirostris","(Sclater & Salvin, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.136","Black-billed Seed Finch","Black-billed Seed-Finch","Black-billed Seed-finch",null,null,"damp grasslands in the western Amazon basin from southeastern Colombia southward through eastern Ecuador to southeastern Peru, and very locally in the foothills of the Andes of Bolivia (Beni)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723532","bbsfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbsfin1","avibase-D57B98B9",null,null,"Moyobamba, San Martin, Peru.","On the Collection of Birds made by Prof. Steere in South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/200/mode/1up","Oryzoborus atrirostris"],["33039","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila atrirostris atrirostris","(Sclater & Salvin, 1878)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878, pt.1 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru (San Martín); populations in central Peru probably also atrirostris",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-30836602",null,null,"Moyobamba, San Martin, Peru.","On the Collection of Birds made by Prof. Steere in South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90438#page/200/mode/1up","Oryzoborus atrirostris"],["33040","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila atrirostris gigantirostris","(Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939)","Notulae Naturae 12 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia (Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0198E210",null,null,"Chatarona, 600 ft., Beni, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia. Part I. Oscines.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_hF9uiXk97xIC/page/n1","Oryzoborus atrirostris gigantirostris"],["33041","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila leucoptera","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 13 p.521","White-bellied Seedeater","White-bellied Seedeater","White-bellied Seedeater",null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios) to northwestern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz), southern Suriname and Mexiana Island (off northeastern Brazil in Pará), eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723457","whbsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbsee1","avibase-D5AA8D6D",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60159#page/545/mode/1up","Coccothraustes leucoptera"],["33042","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila leucoptera mexianae","Hellmayr, 1912","Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Kl2, 26 Band2 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Suriname and Mexiana Island (off northeastern Brazil in Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-959148AF",null,null,"Santa Maria, Mexiana Island, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124739#page/183/mode/1up","Sporophila leucoptera mexianae"],["33043","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila leucoptera cinereola","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.2, vol.3 pl.11, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Maranhão to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-762E694B",null,null,"Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 181.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/469/mode/1up","Pyrrhula cinereola"],["33044","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila leucoptera leucoptera","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 13 p.521",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Paraguay to central and southwestern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8B9B02C1",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60159#page/545/mode/1up","Coccothraustes leucoptera"],["33045","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila leucoptera bicolor","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios) to northwestern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-052DEE42",null,null,"Moxos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/202/mode/1up","Fringilla (P. [yrrhula]) bicolor"],["33046","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila peruviana","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.209","Parrot-billed Seedeater","Parrot-billed Seedeater","Parrot-billed Seedeater",null,null,"arid scrub and grassy fields from western Ecuador (Manabí) southward to southwestern Peru (Ica)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723460","pabsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pabsee1","avibase-6725A42C",null,null,"Callao, Peru.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/219/mode/1up","Callyrhynchus peruvianus"],["33047","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila peruviana devronis","(Verreaux, 1852)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.4 p.314-315",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coastal southwestern Ecuador (Manabí) to northern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-659922F6",null,null,"no locality.","Description d'une nouvelle espèce d'oiseau du genre Callirhynchus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19555#page/350/mode/1up","Callirhynchus devronis"],["33048","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila peruviana peruviana","(Lesson, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.209",null,null,null,null,null,"arid coast of Peru (La Libertad to Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2DAAFD06",null,null,"Callao, Peru.","Note sur les Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de la mer du Sud par M. Adolphe Lesson.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/219/mode/1up","Callyrhynchus peruvianus"],["33049","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila telasco","(Lesson, 1828)","Voyage autour du Monde exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 (etc.). Zoologie 1 pl.15 fig.3 p.663","Chestnut-throated Seedeater","Chestnut-throated Seedeater","Chestnut-throated Seedeater",null,null,"coastal lowlands of southwestern Colombia to far northern Chile (Tarapacá)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22733599","chtsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chtsee1","avibase-F00E876B",null,null,"vicinity of Lima, Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/246312#page/352/mode/1up","Pyrrhula telasco"],["33050","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila simplex","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.132","Drab Seedeater","Drab Seedeater","Drab Seedeater",null,null,"arid southern Ecuador; upper Marañón Valley of northern Peru southward to Ica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723463","drasee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drasee1","avibase-233F1B30",null,null,"Lima, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/200/mode/1up","Spermophila simplex"],["33051","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila castaneiventris","Cabanis, 1849","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.679","Chestnut-bellied Seedeater","Chestnut-bellied Seedeater","Chestnut-bellied Seedeater",null,null,"the Guianas and southern Venezuela to northern and central Bolivia (Pando to eastern Cochabamba) and Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723492","chbsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbsee1","avibase-96F2444F",null,null,"Cumaka, coast of Guyana (British Guiana).",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/169/mode/1up","Sporophila castaneiventris"],["33052","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila minuta","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176","Ruddy-breasted Seedeater","Ruddy-breasted Seedeater","Ruddy-breasted Seedeater",null,null,"open savanna and grassy fields, roadside, agricultural land, and shrubby fields on the Pacific slope from west-central Mexico southward to eastern Panama; northern Colombia, northern Venezuela, Trinidad, and northern Guianas eastward to northeastern Brazil in the mouth of the Amazon River and southward along eastern Venezuela to northernmost Brazil (Roraima), the llanos of southwestern Venezuela southward to eastern Colombia, in interior Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Rio Cauca and Rio Magdalena, and in northwestern Ecuador and adjacent southern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723478","rubsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsee1","avibase-96944A78",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Loxia minuta"],["33053","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila minuta parva","(Lawrence, 1883)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 (1-2), (December) p.382",null,null,null,null,null,"arid Pacific lowlands of southwestern Mexico (Nayarit) to Nicaragua",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E870DC90",null,null,"Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109505#page/506/mode/1up","Spermophila parva"],["33054","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila minuta centralis","Bangs & Penard, 1918","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 62, no.2 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Costa Rica and Pacific slope of Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-084D4440",null,null,"near Panama City, Panama.","Notes on a collection of Surinam birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95203#page/108/mode/1up","Sporophila minuta centralis"],["33055","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila minuta minuta","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E6F9CE3",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Loxia minuta"],["33056","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila cinnamomea","(de Lafresnaye, 1839)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 2 p.96","Chestnut Seedeater","Chestnut Seedeater","Chestnut Seedeater",null,null,"Paraguay to south-central Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723499","chesee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chesee1","avibase-11F5B941",null,null,"Rio Grande [= Rio Araguaia, Goiás], Brazil.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux de la collection de M. Charles Brelay, à Bordeaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19515#page/104/mode/1up","Pyrrhula cinnamomea"],["33057","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila hypochroma","Todd, 1915","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.79","Rufous-rumped Seedeater","Rufous-rumped Seedeater","Rufous-rumped Seedeater",null,null,"locally in eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, southwestern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723495","rursee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rursee1","avibase-026B8797",null,null,"Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22883#page/107/mode/1up","Sporophila hypochroma"],["33058","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila americana","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.863","Wing-barred Seedeater","Wing-barred Seedeater",null,"2025-0616","Taxon <em>murallae</em> (monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Sporophila americana</em> based on the lack of diagnostic plumage and morphometric characters (Lane &amp; Stiles 2022). Further research needed to determine if <em>murallae </em>should be synonymized.","southeastern Colombia to the Guianas, and Amazonian Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil",null,null,null,"wibsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/wibsee1","avibase-0E5131A2",null,null,"some part of America ; restricted to Cayenne by Hellmayr, 1904, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 54, p. 532.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/363/mode/1up","Loxia americana"],["33059","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila americana americana","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.863",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Venezuela, Tobago and Chacachacare Island, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92E3CAF1",null,null,"some part of America ; restricted to Cayenne by Hellmayr, 1904, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 54, p. 532.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/363/mode/1up","Loxia americana"],["33060","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila americana dispar","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3DD6A045",null,null,"Santarem, Brazil.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/118/mode/1up","Sporophila americana dispar"],["33061","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila americana murallae","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.649",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to eastern Brazil, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96BD30EC",null,null,"La Muralla [= Morelia] , 600 ft., Caquetá, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Sporophila aurita murallae"],["33062","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila bouvreuil","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.154","Copper Seedeater","Copper Seedeater","Copper Seedeater",null,null,"eastern and central South America, from Suriname and French Guiana southward to southern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103817972","capsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/capsee1","avibase-8A6216CA",null,null,"Île de Bourbon; error, Bahia, Brazil, designated by Hellmayr, 1904, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 54, p. 520.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/174/mode/1up","Loxia bouvreuil"],["33063","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila pileata","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.607-608","Pearly-bellied Seedeater","Pearly-bellied Seedeater","Pearly-bellied Seedeater",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southern Brazil (southern Mato Grosso) and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22724947","pebsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pebsee1","avibase-4240E96E",null,null,"Borda do Mato, eastern São Paulo, Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/709/mode/1up","Spermophila pileata"],["33064","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila melanogaster","(Pelzeln, 1870)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.225,332","Black-bellied Seedeater","Black-bellied Seedeater","Black-bellied Seedeater",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Goiás and Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723509","blbsee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbsee2","avibase-547844A7",null,null,"Itarare and Resacca (Borda do Mato) São Paulo, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/342/mode/1up","Spermophila melanogaster"],["33065","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila palustris","(Barrows, 1883)","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 8 p.92","Marsh Seedeater","Marsh Seedeater","Marsh Seedeater",null,null,"locally in Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723487","marsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/marsee1","avibase-141E0EB0",null,null,"near Conception del Uruguay Entre Ríos, Argentina.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105796#page/108/mode/1up","Spermophila palustris"],["33066","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila nigrorufa","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.87","Black-and-tawny Seedeater","Black-and-tawny Seedeater","Black-and-tawny Seedeater",null,null,"far eastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723468","batsee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/batsee2","avibase-84BDD0EE",null,null,"Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/203/mode/1up","Fringilla (P. [yrrhula]) nigro-rufa"],["33067","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila iberaensis","Di Giacomo & Kopuchian, 2016","Nuestras Aves 61 p.3 [3-5]","Ibera Seedeater","Ibera Seedeater","Ibera Seedeater","2025-0595","<em>Sporophila iberaensis</em> is recognized as a species based on plumage, vocalizations, behavior, and genetics. <em>S. iberaensis </em>occurs sympatrically and mates assortatively with respect to<em> S. hypoxantha</em> (Turbek et al. 2021), and the two species show clear differentiation based on genomic DNA, although mitochondrial DNA divergence is lacking (Turbek et al. 2021). There is uncertainty surrounding the use of the species name <em>iberaensis</em>; nomenclatural clarification required.","breeds in northern Argentina (Iberá wetlands of Corrientes), also reported Paraguay and southern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818544","ibesee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ibesee1","avibase-710FF96C",null,null,"Estancia San Alonso, Esteros del Iberá, departamento de Concepción, Provincia de Corrientes (28° 18' 10. 2\" S, 57° 26' 25.5\" O) por Bernabé López-Lanús el 19 de Febrero de 2011","Una nueva especie de capuchino (Sporophila: Th raupidae) de los Estero del Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312136005","Sporophila iberaensis"],["33068","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila hypoxantha","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.150","Tawny-bellied Seedeater","Tawny-bellied Seedeater","Tawny-bellied Seedeater",null,null,"Bolivia to Paraguay, southern Brazil and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723481","tabsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tabsee1","avibase-57E2CEDC",null,null,"Montevideo [= Uruguay] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/166/mode/1up","Sporophila hypoxantha"],["33069","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila ruficollis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.150","Dark-throated Seedeater","Dark-throated Seedeater","Dark-throated Seedeater",null,null,"southeastern Bolivia (southeastern Tarija), southwestern Brazil (western Mato Grosso do Sul, southern Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, northern Argentina (Salta eastward to Corrientes, southward to Tucumán, northern Córdoba and northern Buenos Aires), and western Uruguay; non-breeding to northern and eastern Bolivia and central and southern Brazil (eastward to Minas Gerais, and southward to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723484","datsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/datsee1","avibase-E5123580",null,null,"Montevideo > Uruguay] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/166/mode/1up","Sporophila ruficollis"],["33070","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila intermedia","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.149","Grey Seedeater","Gray Seedeater","Grey Seedeater",null,null,"Colombia (western Andes, Cauca, and Magdalena Valleys) to northern Venezuela, Trinidad, western Guyana, and northeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723410","grysee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grysee1","avibase-1F11E4F1",null,null,"Venezuela ; restricted to Puerto Cabello by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12(75), p. 354.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/165/mode/1up","Sporophila intermedia"],["33071","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila intermedia intermedia","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and northern Brazil; formerly Trinidad, where extirpated",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-93B8E994",null,null,"Venezuela ; restricted to Puerto Cabello by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12(75), p. 354.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/165/mode/1up","Sporophila intermedia"],["33072","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila intermedia bogotensis","(Gilliard, 1946)","The Auk 63, no.4 p.572",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (western Andes, Cauca, and Magdalena Valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-07E47D2A",null,null,"Las Lomitas, Cauca [=Valle], Colombia.","Two new Gray Seed-eaters from South America.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol63/iss4/10/","Spermophila intermedia bogotensis"],["33073","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila intermedia insularis","(Gilliard, 1946)","The Auk 63, no.4 p.571",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC1DF61D",null,null,"Princestown, Trinidad; collected March 1, 1893, by Frank M. Chapman","Two New Gray Seed-Eaters from South America","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol63/iss4/10/","Spermophila intermedia insularis"],["33074","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila corvina","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.379","Variable Seedeater","Variable Seedeater",null,"2025-0617","Taxon <em>ophthalmica </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Sporophila corvina</em> based largely on genetic evidence. Neither mitochondrial DNA nor genomic data recovered the <em>ophthalmica </em>group as monophyletic (Ocampo et al. 2022), and there is evidence of gene flow and a hybrid swarm between <em>corvina </em>and subspecies <em>hicksii </em>(Olson 1981; Stiles 1996; Ocampo et al. 2022).","weedy fields, dry to damp grassland, thickets, and scrub from southern Mexico southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America and the Pacific slope from southeastern Nicaragua to northwestern Colombia, and along the Pacific lowlands of Colombia southward to northwestern Peru",null,null,null,"varsee3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/varsee3","avibase-53BF86BF",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/471/mode/1up","Spermophila corvina"],["33075","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila corvina corvina","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.3 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of eastern Mexico (Veracruz) southward to western Panama (Bocas del Toro); intergrades with Sporophila corvina hicksii in central Panama (Canal Zone)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1CDD0303",null,null,"Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico.","List of Birds collected by M. A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/471/mode/1up","Spermophila corvina"],["33076","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila corvina hoffmanni","Cabanis, 1861","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.49 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica and of western Panama (Chiriquí)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EA03CC1",null,null,"Costa Rica","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/20/mode/1up","Sporophila Hoffmanni"],["33077","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila corvina hicksii","(Lawrence, 1865)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8[\"1867\"] p.170",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Panama from central Veraguas eastward to Darién, the Atlantic slope of eastern Panama, and the Pacific slope of Colombia southward to Valle",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0008F33B",null,null,"Panama",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/190/mode/1up","Spermophila Hicksii"],["33078","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila corvina ophthalmica","(Sclater, 1860)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.28, no.2 p.276",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope from southwestern Colombia through Ecuador to northwestern Peru (southward to La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F30B059",null,null,"Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46225#page/358/mode/1up","Spermophila ophthalmica"],["33079","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila torqueola","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.495","Cinnamon-rumped Seedeater","Cinnamon-rumped Seedeater","Cinnamon-rumped Seedeater",null,null,"Pacific slope of Mexico from southern Sonora southward to Nayarit, thence also the transvolcanic belt to San Luis Potosí, and southward to southern Oaxaca",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103816948","whcsee2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcsee2","avibase-B720B375",null,null,"Mexico; type from Ciudad Mexico, fide van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 421.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/765/mode/1up","Spermophila torqueola"],["33080","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila torqueola atriceps","(Baird, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.479",null,null,null,null,null,"western Mexico (southern Sonora southward to northern Jalisco; feral population in Baja California Sur derived from atriceps, torqueola, or a mix of both taxa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8001272A",null,null,"Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/499/mode/1up","Spermophila atriceps"],["33081","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila torqueola torqueola","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.495",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Mexico (Jalisco to Guanajuato, western Puebla, and southern Oaxaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD6A176B",null,null,"Mexico; type from Ciudad Mexico, fide van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 421.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/765/mode/1up","Spermophila torqueola"],["33082","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila morelleti","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.497","Morelet's Seedeater","Morelet's Seedeater","White-collared Seedeater",null,null,"grassland often near water, in lowlands and hills from lower Rio Grande Valley (Texas) southward through Caribbean slope of Mexico (including Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel); at Isthmus of Tehuantepec reaches Pacific slope and southward thence on both slopes through central Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22731776","whcsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcsee1","avibase-7ADA5AD0",null,null,"Guatemala ; type from Peten, Guatemala, fide Salvin and Godman,. 1885, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 353.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/767/mode/1up","Sp[ermophila] morelleti"],["33083","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila morelleti sharpei","Lawrence, 1889","The Auk 6, no.1 p.53-54",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Texas (lower Río Grande Valley) to eastern Mexico (Veracruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E314052",null,null,"Lomita, Texas.","A new name for the species of Sporophila from Texas, generally known as S. morelleti.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol6/iss1/11/","Sporophila morelleti sharpei"],["33084","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila morelleti morelleti","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico to northern Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-764669D6",null,null,"Guatemala ; type from Peten, Guatemala, fide Salvin and Godman,. 1885, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 353.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/767/mode/1up","Sp[ermophila] morelleti"],["33085","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila morelleti mutanda","Griscom, 1930","American Museum Novitates no.438 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Chiapas (southern Mexico) to El Salvador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6E3DB539",null,null,"Hacienda California, near Ocos, Guatemala.","Studies from the Dwight Collection of Guatemala Birds, III.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3130/","Sporophila morelleti mutanda"],["33086","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila frontalis","(Verreaux, 1869)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 5, fasc.2 p.15 pl.1 fig.1","Buffy-fronted Seedeater","Buffy-fronted Seedeater","Buffy-fronted Seedeater",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723399","bufsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bufsee1","avibase-3B38D8C5",null,null,"Cayenne; error, vicinity of Rio de Janeiro suggested by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 173.","Description de deux oiseaux de la collection zoologique du Muséum qui constituent des espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49416#page/295/mode/1up","Callirhynchus frontalis"],["33087","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila fringilloides","(Pelzeln, 1870)","Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 Abth.3 p.223,329","White-naped Seedeater","White-naped Seedeater","White-naped Seedeater",null,null,"savanna of eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northwestern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723567","whnsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whnsee1","avibase-233E719A",null,null,"Rio Xie, upper Rio Negro, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21811#page/339/mode/1up","Oryzoborus(?) fringilloides"],["33088","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila luctuosa","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.291","Black-and-white Seedeater","Black-and-white Seedeater","Black-and-white Seedeater",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela, northern Bolivia, and southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723437","bawsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bawsee1","avibase-F17ED91C",null,null,"Colombia; restricted to Bogotá by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 200.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/299/mode/1up","Spermophila luctuosa"],["33089","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila caerulescens","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1023","Double-collared Seedeater","Double-collared Seedeater","Double-collared Seedeater",null,null,"northern Bolivia to Paraguay, eastern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723451","docsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/docsee1","avibase-0BCC3F94",null,null,"Brazil [reference not verified] ; restricted to vicinity of Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 201.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/131/mode/1up","Pyrrhula caerulescens"],["33090","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila caerulescens caerulescens","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1023",null,null,null,null,null,"Bolivia to Paraguay, eastern Brazil (Pará), Uruguay, and Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2ED1C9EA",null,null,"Brazil [reference not verified] ; restricted to vicinity of Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 201.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/131/mode/1up","Pyrrhula caerulescens"],["33091","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila caerulescens hellmayri","Wolters, 1939","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 47 p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F469800",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil, preoccupied by Fringilla ornata Vieillot, 1817, and F. ornata Wied, 1821.",null,"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097447452&seq=166","Sporophila caerulescens hellmayri"],["33092","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila caerulescens yungae","Gyldenstolpe, 1941","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B, no.13 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and Beni)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25FC83CB",null,null,"Chulumani, 1,740 m., La Paz, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new Birds from Bolivia.",null,"Sporophila caerulescens yungae"],["33093","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila ardesiaca","(Dubois, 1894)","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 7, pt.4 p.399","Dubois's Seedeater","Dubois's Seedeater","Dubois's Seedeater",null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723443","dubsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dubsee1","avibase-B61C1F93",null,null,"Brazil.","Sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112023#page/405/mode/1up","Spermophila ardesiaca"],["33094","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila nigricollis","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1027","Yellow-bellied Seedeater","Yellow-bellied Seedeater","Yellow-bellied Seedeater",null,null,"southern Costa Rica through South America including Trinidad and Tobago, and Grenada, to Brazil and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/105963139","yebsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebsee1","avibase-52DEFF09",null,null,"Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/135/mode/1up","Pyrrhula nigricollis"],["33095","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila nigricollis nigricollis","(Vieillot, 1823)","Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 3, livr.93 p.1027",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Costa Rica and Panama to Colombia north of Nariño, and probably eastern Ecuador, eastward through Venezuela to Suriname, including southern Lesser Antilles (Carriacou, Grenada), and Trinidad and Tobago, east-central and eastern Brazil southward to Mato Grosso and São Paulo, far eastern Bolivia (eastern Santa Cruz), and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB5DB9DD",null,null,"Brazil",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208733#page/135/mode/1up","Pyrrhula nigricollis"],["33096","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila nigricollis olivacea","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.550",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A377C6B0",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/682/mode/1up","Spermophila gutturalis olivacea"],["33097","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila nigricollis inconspicua","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13, pt.II p.84",null,null,null,null,null,"Peruvian Andes southward on western slope to Lambayeque and on eastern slope to Cusco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D774223A",null,null,"Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/104/mode/1up","Sporophila gutturalis inconspicua"],["33098","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila falcirostris","(Temminck, 1820)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.2, vol.3 pl.11 fig.2","Temminck's Seedeater","Temminck's Seedeater","Temminck's Seedeater",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723403","temsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/temsee1","avibase-334CD1D7",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/470/mode/1up","Pyrrhula falcirostris"],["33099","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila schistacea","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.474","Slate-colored Seedeater","Slate-colored Seedeater","Slate-colored Seedeater",null,null,"Belize and Guatemala to northern Brazil and northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723406","slcsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slcsee1","avibase-6DA5E4F4",null,null,"line of Panama Railroad, Atlantic side of Isthmus, New Grenada; Lion Hill, Panama, accepted as type locality fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 174.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/506/mode/1up","Spermophila schistacea"],["33100","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila schistacea schistacea","(Lawrence, 1862)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p.474",null,null,null,null,null,"Belize to northern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D99D7E0",null,null,"line of Panama Railroad, Atlantic side of Isthmus, New Grenada; Lion Hill, Panama, accepted as type locality fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 174.","Catalogue of a collection of birds, made in New Grenada, by James McLeannan, Esq., of New York, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 3.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54888#page/506/mode/1up","Spermophila schistacea"],["33101","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila schistacea incerta","Riley, 1914","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 27 p.213",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Andes of Colombia to Ecuador (Pichincha)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-96DCD3C4",null,null,"Gualia [=Gualea], Pichincha, Ecuador.","An apparently new Sporophila from Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/245864#page/235/mode/1up","Sporophila incerta"],["33102","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila schistacea longipennis","Chubb, 1921","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.9, vol.7, no.38 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F90C717",null,null,"Mt. Roraima, 3,500 ft., British Guiana [= Venezuela] .","XXIII. On new Forms of South American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53357#page/215/mode/1up","Sporophila longipennis"],["33103","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila beltoni","Repenning & Fontana, 2013","The Auk 130, no.4 791-803","Tropeiro Seedeater","Tropeiro Seedeater","Tropeiro Seedeater",null,null,"breeds southern Brazil (Paraná southward to Río Grande do Sul); migrates northward to Goiás, Minas Gerais, and southwestern Bahia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103818207","trosee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/trosee1","avibase-8C17A126",null,null,"Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Jaquirana Municipality, Rio Tainhas Valley, 28°52'43.2''S 50°27'34.7''W, 708 m a.s.l.; 22 December 2009","A New Species of Gray Seedeater (Emberizidae: Sporophila) from Upland Grasslands of Southern Brazil","https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/130/4/791/5148943","Sporophila beltoni"],["33104","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila plumbea","(Wied-Neuwied, 1830)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.1 p.579","Plumbeous Seedeater","Plumbeous Seedeater","Plumbeous Seedeater",null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and lower Magdalena Valley), llanos of eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, and southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723414","plusee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plusee1","avibase-1AA93871",null,null,"Campo Geral of inner Brazil [= boundary between Bahia and Minas Gerais].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/599/mode/1up","Fringilla plumbea"],["33105","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila plumbea colombiana","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and lower Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A18BEE9",null,null,"'Bogotá' ; Volador, 25 km. west of Simiti, Bolívar, Colombia designated by de Schauensee, 1952, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 104, p. 168.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/119/mode/1up","Spermophila plumbea colombiana"],["33106","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila plumbea whiteleyana","(Sharpe, 1888)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.98",null,null,null,null,null,"llanos of eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D730E28",null,null,"Roraima, Guiana [= Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/118/mode/1up","Spermophila plumbea whiteleyana"],["33107","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila plumbea plumbea","(Wied-Neuwied, 1830)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.1 p.579",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BECD71B1",null,null,"Campo Geral of inner Brazil [= boundary between Bahia and Minas Gerais].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/599/mode/1up","Fringilla plumbea"],["33108","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila albogularis","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.46, pl.60, f.1","White-throated Seedeater","White-throated Seedeater","White-throated Seedeater",null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Piauí and Pernambuco to northern Bahia)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723454","whtsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtsee1","avibase-19BA6768",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, 1906, Abh. Bayern Akad. Wiss. Math.-phys. Kl., 22(3), p. 679.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/60/mode/1up","Loxia albogularis"],["33109","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila collaris","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.40","Rusty-collared Seedeater","Rusty-collared Seedeater","Rusty-collared Seedeater",null,null,"flooded grassland and marshland with shrubs and tall grasses from central Brazil, in Tocantins and adjacent Pará, southward through Paraguay to northeastern Argentina and Uruguay, and westward to south-central Brazil (southern Mato Grosso and Rondônia), to northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723428","rucsee1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rucsee1","avibase-CA248006",null,null,"Angola; error, Rio de Janeiro designated by Hellmayr, 1904, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 54, p. 534.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/62/mode/1up","Loxia collaris"],["33110","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila collaris ochrascens","Hellmayr, 1904","Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 54 p.534",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia (Beni to northern Santa Cruz) to western Brazil (northern Mato Grosso and western São Paulo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E18D09F4",null,null,"Rio Panana, northern São Paulo, Brazil.","Über neue und wenig bekannte Fringilliden Brasiliens, nebst Bemerkungen über Änderungen in der Nomenklatur einiger Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47890#page/544/mode/1up","Sporophila melanocephala ochrascens"],["33111","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila collaris collaris","(Boddaert, 1783)","Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton p.40",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2D10C56",null,null,"Angola; error, Rio de Janeiro designated by Hellmayr, 1904, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 54, p. 534.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88617#page/62/mode/1up","Loxia collaris"],["33112","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporophila collaris melanocephala","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 13 p.542",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to western Brazil (southwestern Mato Grosso), Uruguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D1D3C6C",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60159#page/566/mode/1up","Coccothraustes melanocephala"],["33113","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Piezorina","de Lafresnaye, 1843","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.5 text to pl.30, p.1",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Coccothraustes (or Guiraca) cinerea [Lafresnaye 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128121#page/21/mode/1up","Piezorina"],["33114","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Piezorina cinerea","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Magasin de Zoologie ser.2, vol.5 text to pl.30, p.2; pl.30","Cinereous Finch","Cinereous Finch","Cinereous Finch",null,null,"arid coastal northwestern Peru (Tumbes to La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723182","cinfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cinfin1","avibase-19469DE7",null,null,"Galapagos Islands ; emended to arid coastal regions of northwestern Peru by Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 370.","G. GROS-BEC. COCCOTHRAUSTES. Cuv. - (G. GUIRACA. Swainson. S.-G. PIEZORINA. De Laf.) - G. cendré. C. cinerea. De Lafr..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128121#page/21/mode/1up","Guiraca cinerea"],["33115","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Xenospingus","Cabanis, 1867","Journal für Ornithologie 15, no.89 p.347",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Sylvia concolor [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by original designation",null,"Ueber die systematische Stellung von Sylvia concolor Orb.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101730#page/359/mode/1up","Xenospingus"],["33116","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Xenospingus concolor","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.20","Slender-billed Finch","Slender-billed Finch","Slender-billed Finch",null,null,"coastal western Peru (Lima) to Andes of northern Chile",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723185","slbfin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbfin3","avibase-52257BC5",null,null,"Arica, Peru [= Chile] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/136/mode/1up","Sylvia concolor"],["33117","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pseudospingus","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.346.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Dacnis xanthophthalma [Taczanowski, 1874]; type by subsequent designation (Richmond, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 710).",null,"On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/404/mode/1up","Pseudospingus"],["33118","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pseudospingus verticalis","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.227","Black-headed Hemispingus","Black-headed Hemispingus","Black-headed Hemispingus",null,null,"Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela and far northern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722242","blhhem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blhhem1","avibase-8260C80A",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/237/mode/1up","Nemosia verticalis"],["33119","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pseudospingus xanthophthalmus","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.131","Drab Hemispingus","Drab Hemispingus","Drab Hemispingus",null,null,"humid Andes of central Peru to northwestern Bolivia (Puno and La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722245","drahem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/drahem1","avibase-17A843C1",null,null,"Maraynioc, Department of Junín, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/199/mode/1up","Dacnis xanthophthalma"],["33120","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza","Cabanis, 1847","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13, bd.1 p.349",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza nigrorufa [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 75).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31687#page/357/mode/1up","Poospiza"],["33121","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza nigrorufa","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.81","Black-and-rufous Warbling Finch","Black-and-rufous Warbling Finch","Black-and-rufous Warbling-finch",null,null,"northeastern Argentina (eastern Formosa southward to Buenos Aires), southeastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil (Paraná to Río Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723252","barwaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barwaf1","avibase-6166BBAF",null,null,"Santa Fé, Argentina","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/197/mode/1up","Emberiza nigro-rufa"],["33122","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza whitii","Sclater, 1883","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.1 p.43 pl.9","Black-and-chestnut Warbling Finch","Black-and-chestnut Warbling Finch","Black-and-chestnut Warbling-finch",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (northward to La Paz) and northwestern Argentina (southward to San Luis and western Córdoba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723247","barwaf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barwaf2","avibase-8EF24ACB",null,null,"Cosquin, Córdoba, Argentina.","Supplementary Notes on the Birds of the Argentine Republic. With Remarks by P. L. Sclater, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/95/mode/1up","Poospiza whitii"],["33123","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza ornata","(Landbeck, 1865)","Anales de la Universidad de Chile 26 p.717","Cinnamon Warbling Finch","Cinnamon Warbling Finch","Cinnamon Warbling-finch",null,null,"breeds central Argentina; winters north to Salta, Tucumán, and Córdoba",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723237","ciwfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciwfin2","avibase-8C5C626F",null,null,"In the arid plain between the Portillo guard and the houses of Melocoton, this beautiful little bird can be found timidly hiding in the few bushes and weeds,  January 8, 1865.","Cuatro especies nuevas de pajaros, descubiertas en la pendiente oriental de la cordillera que separa a la provincia de Santiago de la de Mendoza","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/201423#page/739/mode/1up","Phrygilus ornatus"],["33124","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza boliviana","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.634 pl.14","Bolivian Warbling Finch","Bolivian Warbling Finch","Bolivian Warbling-finch",null,null,"Andes of Bolivia and adjacent northwestern Argentina (Jujuy)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723219","bowfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bowfin1","avibase-A1341C78",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/654/mode/1up","Poospiza boliviana"],["33125","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza hispaniolensis","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.473","Collared Warbling Finch","Collared Warbling Finch","Collared Warbling-finch",null,null,"arid scrub of southwestern Ecuador and western Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723286","cowfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cowfin1","avibase-2C01F88A",null,null,"'ex Ins. Sti. Domin.'; error, type labeled 'Pérou (?)', vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 620.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/731/mode/1up","Poospiza hispaniolensis"],["33126","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza rubecula","Salvin, 1895","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.8","Rufous-breasted Warbling Finch","Rufous-breasted Warbling Finch","Rufous-breasted Warbling-finch",null,null,"west slope of Andes of Peru (La Libertad to Ica)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723264","rbwfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbwfin1","avibase-EB4AE071",null,null,"Cajabamba, 9,000 ft., and Huamachuco, 10,400 ft., Libertad, Peru. Type from Huamachuco, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 627.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/24/mode/1up","Poospiza rubecula"],["33127","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza goeringi","(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.3 p.780,784 pl.46 fig.2[=1]","Slaty-backed Hemispingus","Slaty-backed Hemispingus","Slaty-backed Hemispingus",null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida and northern Táchira)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722236","slbhem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbhem1","avibase-BF1EC1CD",null,null,"Páramos of Mérida [Venezuela] .","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/904/mode/1up","Chlorospingus goeringi"],["33128","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza rufosuperciliaris","(Blake & Hocking, 1974)","Wilson Bulletin 86, no.4 p.321-324","Rufous-browed Hemispingus","Rufous-browed Hemispingus","Rufous-browed Hemispingus",null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Amazonas to La Libertad and Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722239","rubhem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubhem1","avibase-F7BAA7DC",null,null,"Bosque Huaylaspampa, Departmento Huánuco, Peru, elev. ca. 8400 ft.","Two new species of tanager from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol86/iss4/1/","Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris"],["33129","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza garleppi","(Berlepsch, 1893)","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.18 p.208 pl.6","Cochabamba Mountain Finch","Cochabamba Mountain Finch","Cochabamba Mountain-finch",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (southern Cochabamba)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723269","comfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comfin1","avibase-170A9190",null,null,"Vacas, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","On a remarkble new Finch from the Highlands of Bolivia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/238/mode/1up","Compsospiza garleppi"],["33130","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospiza baeri","(Oustalet, 1904)","Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 10, no.2 p.43","Tucuman Mountain Finch","Tucuman Mountain Finch","Tucuman Mountain-finch",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy to Tucumán, Salta, and La Rioja)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723275","tumfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/tumfin1","avibase-A98353A5",null,null,"Lagunita, Tucumán, Argentina.","Description d'espèces d'Oiseaux rapportés par M. G.-A. Baer du Tucuman (République Argentine).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137056#page/53/mode/1up","Buarremon baeri"],["33131","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemoscopus","Bangs & Penard, 1919","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63, no.2 p.38",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Arremon rubrirostris [Lafresnaye, 1840]; type by original designation",null,"Some critical notes on birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96181#page/50/mode/1up","Cnemoscopus"],["33132","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemoscopus rubrirostris","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.227","Pink-billed Cnemoscopus","Pink-billed Cnemoscopus","Grey-hooded Tanager","2026-025","<em>Cnemoscopus chrysogaster</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>C. rubrirostris</em> in accord with SACC (Remsen 2024f). Although formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking, vocal data (A. Spencer in Remsen 2024f) show consistent differences in song and contact calls between <em>C. chrysogaster</em> and <em>C. rubrirostris</em>, a pattern consistent with morphological and plumage differences (del Hoyo et al. 2019).","humid montane forest in the Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela (Táchira), eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru, north and west of the Marañón Valley",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819177","gyhbut2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbut2","avibase-89047763",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia] .","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/237/mode/1up","Arremon rubrirostris"],["33133","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemoscopus chrysogaster","(Taczanowski, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.4 p.517","Black-billed Cnemoscopus","Black-billed Cnemoscopus","Golden-bellied Tanager","2026-025","<em>Cnemoscopus chrysogaster</em> is treated as a monotypic species separate from <em>C. rubrirostris</em> in accord with SACC (Remsen 2024f). Although formal bioacoustic analyses are lacking, vocal data (A. Spencer in Remsen 2024f) show consistent differences in song and contact calls between <em>C. chrysogaster</em> and <em>C. rubrirostris</em>, a pattern consistent with morphological and plumage differences (del Hoyo et al. 2019).","humid montane forest in the Andes of Peru (Amazonas to Cordillera Vilcabamba in Cusco) and disjunctly in western Bolivia (near Tokoaque, in La Paz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103819218","gyhbut3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gyhbut3","avibase-6EF7F8B3",null,null,"'Tambapota' [= Tambopata, Junín], Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/675/mode/1up","Chlorospingus chrysogaster"],["33134","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Castanozoster","Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016","Zootaxa 4088 (3) 329-354",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Fringilla thoracica [Nordmann, 1835]",null,"A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)","https://mason-lab.org/resources/pdfs/Burns%20et%20al%20(2016)%20Zootaxa.pdf","Castanozoster"],["33135","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Castanozoster thoracicus","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.10 pl.4 fig.1","Bay-chested Warbling Finch","Bay-chested Warbling Finch","Bay-chested Warbling-finch",null,null,"scrub of southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to northern Río Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723214","bcwfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcwfin1","avibase-3FC64995",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false","Fringilla thoracica"],["33136","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospizopsis","Berlepsch, 1893","Ibis ser.6, vol.5, no.18 p.208.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Poospiza caesar [Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85192#page/238/mode/1up","Poospizopsis"],["33137","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospizopsis caesar","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.1 p.152 pl.13","Chestnut-breasted Mountain Finch","Chestnut-breasted Mountain Finch","Chestnut-breasted Mountain-finch",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Apurímac, Cusco, and Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723282","cbmfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbmfin1","avibase-86A7F715",null,null,"Tinta, Cuzco, Peru.","On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part IV.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/202/mode/1up","Poospiza caesar"],["33138","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospizopsis hypocondria","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.80","Rufous-sided Warbling Finch","Rufous-sided Warbling Finch","Rufous-sided Warbling-finch","2025-N048","<em>Poospizopsis hypochondria</em> has also been used. The original spelling (named in <em>Emberiza</em>) is \"<em>E. hypocondria, Nob</em>.\". Subsequent publications including Paynter &amp; Storer (1970) (p. 118 of Peters vol. 13) changed this to <em>hypochondria </em>on the basis of it being a \"typographical error\", but it had not been corrected anywhere in the original publication. The original spelling <em>hypocondria </em>should stand, because incorrect latinizations do not count as inadvertent errors (Article 32.5.1). There is contention over whether the spelling <em>hypochondria </em>enjoys prevailing usage. It has been used more widely than <em>hypocondria</em>, but it remains unclear whether the magnitude of this excess of usage should count as ‘prevailing’. At the time of this assessment, Google searches showed that <em>hypochondria </em>was used less than 3 times as much as <em>hypocondria</em>, which is not generally thought of as ‘prevailing usage’. Only when constricting search results to published works by using Google Scholar, the excess usage of <em>hypochondria </em>rose to more than an order of magnitude. However, the Glossary of the Code explicitly allows \"works\" to be unpublished texts or illustrations, suggesting that conventional Google searches can be used as indicative of general usage.","scrub in high Andes from far western Bolivia through Mendoza (northwestern Argentina); some winter to Cordoba mountains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723229","rswfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rswfin1","avibase-F8CFE8C9",null,null,"Sicasica and Palca, Bolivia ; type from Sicasica, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 619.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza hypocondria"],["33139","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospizopsis hypocondria hypocondria","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73C4FA98",null,null,"Sicasica and Palca, Bolivia ; type from Sicasica, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 619.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/196/mode/1up","Emberiza hypocondria"],["33140","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poospizopsis hypocondria affinis","(Berlepsch, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy to Mendoza)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-004EB300",null,null,"Tucumán, 4,000 m. [= Lara, Tucumán, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 619] , Argentina.","On seven new Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/123/mode/1up","Poospiza hypochondriaca affinis"],["33141","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Donacospiza","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.136",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sylvia albifrons [Vieillot, 1817]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/152/mode/1up","Donacospiza"],["33142","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Donacospiza albifrons","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.276","Long-tailed Reed Finch","Long-tailed Reed Finch","Long-tailed Reed-finch",null,null,"northern Bolivia to southeastern Paraguay, southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723144","ltrfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ltrfin1","avibase-DA61C0A1",null,null,"Paraguay.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63932#page/292/mode/1up","Sylvia albifrons"],["33143","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cypsnagra","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra hirundinacea [Lesson, 1831]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/498/mode/1up","Cypsnagra"],["33144","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cypsnagra hirundinacea","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.460","White-rumped Tanager","White-rumped Tanager","White-rumped Tanager",null,null,"Cerrado and campo grasslands, open woodland, savanna, and palm groves, in southern Suriname and northeastern Brazil, in the easternmost Amazon basin in Amapá and northern Pará; and in the Cerrado from northeastern Maranhão and northern Piaui southward to southern Brazil, in São Paulo and southern Mato Grosso do Sul, northeastern Paraguay, northeastern Bolivia, and locally in southeastern Amazonas, in Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722130","whrtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whrtan1","avibase-1CB32C48",null,null,"'Bresil' ; São Paulo suggested by Naumburg, 1930, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, p. 380; further restricted to Franca, northern São Paulo by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 526.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/498/mode/1up","Tanagra hirundinacea"],["33145","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cypsnagra hirundinacea pallidigula","Hellmayr, 1907","Novitates Zoologicae 14, no.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Campos of Suriname and central Brazil to northeastern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2336237E",null,null,"Humaytha [, Rio Madeira, Brazil].","On a collection of birds made by Mr. W. Hoffmanns on the Rio Madeira, Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21973#page/370/mode/1up","Cypsnagra ruficollis pallidigula"],["33146","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cypsnagra hirundinacea hirundinacea","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northeastern Paraguay and Campos of southern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7B273DB",null,null,"'Bresil' ; São Paulo suggested by Naumburg, 1930, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, p. 380; further restricted to Franca, northern São Paulo by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 526.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/498/mode/1up","Tanagra hirundinacea"],["33147","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Urothraupis","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Urothraupis stolzmanni [Taczanowski & von Berlepsch, 1885]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/127/mode/1up","Urothraupis"],["33148","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Urothraupis stolzmanni","Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.83 pl.8","Black-backed Bush Tanager","Black-backed Bush Tanager","Black-backed Bush Tanager",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723028","bbbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bbbtan1","avibase-18279EA8",null,null,"Hacienda San Rafael, 9,000 ft., eastern slope of Volcán Tungurahua, Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/127/mode/1up","Urothraupis stolzmanni"],["33149","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nephelornis","Lowery & Tallman, 1976","The Auk 93, no.3 p.416-420",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Nephelornis oneilli [Lowery & Tallman, 1976]; type by monotypy",null,"A New Genus and Species of Nine-Primaried Oscine of Uncertain Affinities From Peru","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol93/iss3/1/","Nephelornis"],["33150","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Nephelornis oneilli","Lowery & Tallman, 1976","The Auk 93, no.3 p.415-428,front.","Pardusco","Pardusco","Pardusco",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (San Martín, La Libertad, and Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723033","pardus2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pardus2","avibase-E44AF02D",null,null,"Bosque Unchog, on pass between Churubamba and Hacienda Paty, above Acomayo, 9 41'S, 76 7'W, altitude approx. 3592 meters, Departmento Huánuco, Peru","A new genus and species of nine-primaried oscine of uncertain affinities from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol93/iss3/1/","Nephelornis oneilli"],["33151","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.132",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Microspingus trifasciatus [Taczanowski, 1874]; type by monotypy",null,"Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/200/mode/1up","Microspingus"],["33152","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus lateralis","(Nordmann, 1835)","Reise um die Erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden Oceane, in den Jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt. Naturhistorischer Atlas: Verzeichniss von Thieren und Pflanzen, welche auf einer Reise um die Erde gesammelt wurden p.10","Buff-throated Warbling Finch","Buff-throated Warbling Finch","Buff-breasted Warbling-finch",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southwestern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to northern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736273","rrwfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rrwfin1","avibase-563FA241",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 629.",null,"https://books.google.at/books?id=ECdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false","Fringilla lateralis"],["33153","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus cabanisi","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.473","Grey-throated Warbling Finch","Gray-throated Warbling Finch","Grey-breasted Warbling-finch",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern São Paulo) to Uruguay, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736278","gytwaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gytwaf1","avibase-601710FE",null,null,"Paraguay; type from Bonpland, Misiones, Argentina, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 629.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/731/mode/1up","Poospiza cabanisi"],["33154","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus erythrophrys","(Sclater, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.599 pl.17 fig.1","Rusty-browed Warbling Finch","Rusty-browed Warbling Finch","Rusty-browed Warbling-finch",null,null,"montane forest and woodland in the Yungas of the Andes from central Bolivia southward to northwestern Argentina, to southern Catamarca and adjacent La Rioja",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723242","rbwfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbwfin2","avibase-B9D99EE0",null,null,"Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca, Argentina.","On two new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. E. W. White in the Argentine Republic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/663/mode/1up","Poospiza erythrophrys"],["33155","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus erythrophrys cochabambae","(Gyldenstolpe, 1941)","Arkiv för Zoologi 33B, no.13 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (Cochabamba and Chuquisaca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E1890B2",null,null,"Liriuni, 3,136 m., Monte Tunari, Cochabamba, Bolivia.","Preliminary diagnoses of some new Birds from Bolivia.",null,"Poospiza erythrophrys cochabambae"],["33156","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus erythrophrys erythrophrys","(Sclater, 1881)","Ibis ser.4, vol.5, no.20 p.599 pl.17 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Bolivia (Tarija) and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AC225F43",null,null,"Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca, Argentina.","On two new Species of Birds discovered by Mr. E. W. White in the Argentine Republic.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54947#page/663/mode/1up","Poospiza erythrophrys"],["33157","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus alticola","(Salvin, 1895)","Novitates Zoologicae 2, no.1 p.7","Plain-tailed Warbling Finch","Plain-tailed Warbling Finch","Plain-tailed Warbling-finch",null,null,"Andes of western Peru (southern Cajamarca to La Libertad and eastern Ancash)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723224","ptwfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ptwfin1","avibase-947828AD",null,null,"Huamachuco, 10,400 ft., Libertad, Peru.","On birds collected in Peru by Mr. O. T. Baron.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24182#page/23/mode/1up","Poospiza alticola"],["33158","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus torquatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.82","Ringed Warbling Finch","Ringed Warbling Finch",null,"2025-0612","Taxon <em>pectoralis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Microspingus torquatus</em> pending further research. Although differences in vocalizations (Boesman 2016t) and mitochondrial DNA (Lougheed et al. 2000; Burns et al. 2014) occur, a more comprehensive assessment of morphology, vocalizations, and genetics is needed.","open dry forest and woodland, thorn-forest, monte desert, dry to semi-humid scrub, and Polylepis woodland in the Andes and Chaco region from western Bolivia southward to western and east-central Argentina, to eastern Río Negro; southern populations migrate northward to northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia",null,null,null,"riwfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/riwfin1","avibase-0F74F559",null,null,"Sicasica, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza torquata"],["33159","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus torquatus torquatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.82",null,null,null,null,null,"arid intermontane valleys of northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19D5AECF",null,null,"Sicasica, La Paz, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza torquata"],["33160","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus torquatus pectoralis","(Todd, 1922)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.89",null,null,null,null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and central Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-714BD85C",null,null,"Guanacos, Cordillera, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/117/mode/1up","Poospiza pectoralis"],["33161","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus trifasciatus","Taczanowski, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.132 pl.19 fig.1","Three-striped Hemispingus","Three-striped Hemispingus","Three-striped Hemispingus",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722248","thshem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/thshem1","avibase-32FFBA87",null,null,"Maraynioc, Department of Junín, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/200/mode/1up","Microspingus trifasciatus"],["33162","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus melanoleucus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.82","Black-capped Warbling Finch","Black-capped Warbling Finch","Black-capped Warbling-finch",null,null,"western Bolivia to northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723296","bcwfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcwfin2","avibase-BDF69BEE",null,null,"Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/198/mode/1up","Emberiza melanoleuca"],["33163","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Microspingus cinereus","(Bonaparte, 1850)","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.473","Cinereous Warbling Finch","Cinereous Warbling Finch","Cinereous Warbling-finch",null,null,"locally in campos of south-central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723301","ciwfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ciwfin1","avibase-A6C60FFB",null,null,"Brazil ; type from Minas Gerais, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 623.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/731/mode/1up","Poospiza cinerea"],["33164","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Kleinothraupis","Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016","Zootaxa 4088 (3) 329-354 ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Arremon atro-pileus [Lafresnaye, 1842]",null,"A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes).","https://mason-lab.org/resources/pdfs/Burns%20et%20al%20(2016)%20Zootaxa.pdf","Kleinothraupis"],["33165","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Kleinothraupis reyi","(Berlepsch, 1885)","Ibis ser.5, vol.3, no.11 p.288","Grey-capped Hemispingus","Gray-capped Hemispingus","Grey-capped Hemispingus",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and Táchira)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722226","gychem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gychem1","avibase-D0688762",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Description of three new Species of Birds from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35137#page/328/mode/1up","Chlorospingus reyi"],["33166","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Kleinothraupis atropileus","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.335","Black-capped Hemispingus","Black-capped Hemispingus",null,"2025-0613","Taxon <em>auricularis </em>is treated as a subspecies of <em>Kleinothraupis atropileus</em> based on similarities in vocalizations (Boesman 2016aa) and plumage. Mitochondrial DNA data show a fairly deep divergence (García-Moreno et al. 2001; García-Moreno &amp; Fjeldså 2003), but relationships are poorly resolved and inconsistent with genomic data (Price-Waldman 2019). Further research needed.","humid montane forest, bamboo stands, and treeline in the Andes of far southwestern Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Marañón, southward to southeastern Peru",null,null,null,"blchem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blchem1","avibase-5DC98865",null,null,"Bolivia ; error, Bogotá, Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 419.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/347/mode/1up","Arremon atro-pileus"],["33167","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Kleinothraupis atropileus atropileus","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to southwestern Venezuela (Táchira) and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-99C7090A",null,null,"Bolivia ; error, Bogotá, Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 419.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/347/mode/1up","Arremon atro-pileus"],["33168","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Kleinothraupis atropileus auricularis","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.318",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Amazonas to Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47292BC9",null,null,"Peru ; type from Maraynioc, fide Taczanowski, 1889, Warsz. Uniwers. Izv., no. 4, p. 28.","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/330/mode/1up","Chlorospingus (Hemispingus) auricularis"],["33169","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Kleinothraupis calophrys","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.354","Orange-browed Hemispingus","Orange-browed Hemispingus","Orange-browed Hemispingus",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Puno) and western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722216","orbhem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orbhem1","avibase-E176F6C4",null,null,"Tilotilo, prov. Yungas [= Yungas of La Paz] , Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/442/mode/1up","Chlorospingus calophrys"],["33170","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Kleinothraupis parodii","(Weske & Terborgh, 1974)","Wilson Bulletin 86, no.2 p.97-103","Parodi's Hemispingus","Parodi's Hemispingus","Parodi's Hemispingus",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722219","parhem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/parhem1","avibase-7F89004D",null,null,"Cordillera Vilcabamba, 12 36'S, 73 29'W, Department of Cuzco, Peru, elevation 3480 m","Hemispingus parodii, a new species of tanager from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol86/iss2/1/","Hemispingus parodii"],["33171","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.379",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Sphenopsis ignobilis [Sclater, PL, 1862]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/475/mode/1up","Sphenopsis"],["33172","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis melanotis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.269 p.157 pl.68","Black-eared Hemispingus",null,"Black-eared Hemispingus","2025-0611","Taxa <em>piurae </em>(polytypic) and <em>ochracea </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Sphenopsis melanotis</em> based on a combination of plumage (Halley 2022), vocalizations (Boesman 2016bb), and genetics, with genomic data (Price-Waldman 2019) recovering <em>S. melanotis sensu lato </em>as paraphyletic with respect to <em>S. frontalis.</em> Given the complex patterns of plumage variation in this group, further research on species limits is warranted.","Andes from western Venezuela to western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823252",null,null,"avibase-2F027A59",null,null,"'Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of Two New Tanagers in the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/465/mode/1up","Chlorospingus melanotis"],["33173","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis melanotis melanotis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.269 p.157 pl.68",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuelan Andes, Andes of Colombia, and east slope of the Andes of Ecuador and northernmost Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-863F0A2D",null,null,"'Bogotá, Colombia.","Descriptions of Two New Tanagers in the British Museum.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/465/mode/1up","Chlorospingus melanotis"],["33174","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis melanotis berlepschi","(Taczanowski, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of northern and central Peru (from south of the Marañón to the Urubamba Valley in Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-365FED78",null,null,"Ropaybamba [Department of Junín], central Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par M. Stolzman, pendant les derniers mois de 1878 et dans la première moitié de 1879.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/267/mode/1up","Chlorospingus berlepschi"],["33175","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis melanotis castaneicollis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.293-294",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Peru (southeastern Cusco and Puno) and Bolivia (southward to western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E42AC367",null,null,"interior of Peru, probably bordering Bolivia, if not from Bolivia.","On some New or little-known Species of Tanagers from the Collection of M. Verreaux of Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/377/mode/1up","Chlorospingus castaneicollis"],["33176","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis frontalis","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.284","Oleaginous Hemispingus","Oleaginous Hemispingus","Oleaginous Hemispingus",null,null,"humid montane forest and bamboo stands locally in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador and in the eastern Andes southward to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722230","olehem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/olehem1","avibase-0539220A",null,null,"Peru ; east slope of the Peruvian Andes, fide Tschudi, 1846, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 195.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/292/mode/1up","H[ylophilus] frontalis"],["33177","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis frontalis ignobilis","Sclater, 1862","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.3 p.379-380",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Lara southward to northern Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D99618A",null,null,"Brazil ; error, Mérida, Venezuela, suggested as type locality by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat, 12(75), p. 343.","Descriptions of Twelve New Species of American Birds, of the Families Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, and Tyrannidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/475/mode/1up","Sphenopsis ignobilis"],["33178","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis frontalis flavidorsalis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1953)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66, no.18 p.140-141",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4628DD69",null,null,"Cerro Jurustaca, upper Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela; 2100 meters.","Eight new birds and thirty-three extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/166/mode/1up","Hemisphingus frontalis flavidorsalis"],["33179","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis frontalis hanieli","(Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1914)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12, no.1 p.87",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F0D59BB0",null,null,"Galipán, Cerro del Avila, alt. 2000 m. [, Federal District], Venezuela.","Neue Vögel aus dem tropischen Amerika.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101551#page/125/mode/1up","Hemispingus hanieli"],["33180","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis frontalis iterata","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.191 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Monagas to Sucre)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29D56C3A",null,null,"Carapas, Mount Turumiquire [, Sucre], N. E. Venezuela.","Remarks on the life zones of north-eastern Venezuela with descriptions of new species of Birds.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4556/","Hemispingus frontalis iteratus"],["33181","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis frontalis frontalis","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.284",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (western Andes of Antioquia, including east slope near Jardín, southward to Cauca; central and eastern Andes, including east slope of eastern range), and Ecuador (eastern slope and locally in northwest), and Peru southward to central Cusco",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-32ADFD05",null,null,"Peru ; east slope of the Peruvian Andes, fide Tschudi, 1846, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 195.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/292/mode/1up","H[ylophilus] frontalis"],["33182","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis ochracea","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3 p.291, pl. XXIV, fig. 1","Western Hemispingus",null,"Western Hemispingus","2025-0611","Taxa <em>piurae </em>(polytypic) and <em>ochracea </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Sphenopsis melanotis</em> based on a combination of plumage (Halley 2022), vocalizations (Boesman 2016bb), and genetics, with genomic data (Price-Waldman 2019) recovering <em>S. melanotis sensu lato </em>as paraphyletic with respect to <em>S. frontalis.</em> Given the complex patterns of plumage variation in this group, further research on species limits is warranted.","west slope of Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823396",null,null,"avibase-F1F78380",null,null,"Cayandeled and Chaguarpata, western Ecuador; type from Cayandeled, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1095.","Deuxième liste des Oiseaux recueillis dans l'Ecuadeur occidental par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/371/mode/1up","Chlorospingus ochraceus"],["33183","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis piurae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.11","Piura Hemispingus",null,"Piura Hemispingus","2025-0611","Taxa <em>piurae </em>(polytypic) and <em>ochracea </em>(monotypic) are treated as species separate from <em>Sphenopsis melanotis</em> based on a combination of plumage (Halley 2022), vocalizations (Boesman 2016bb), and genetics, with genomic data (Price-Waldman 2019) recovering <em>S. melanotis sensu lato </em>as paraphyletic with respect to <em>S. frontalis.</em> Given the complex patterns of plumage variation in this group, further research on species limits is warranted.","locally in Andes of far southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Piura and La Libertad)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103823410",null,null,"avibase-9F3E8DF6",null,null,"Palambla, 4000 ft., Prov. Piura, western slope of Andes, east of Paita, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Hemispingus piurae"],["33184","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis piurae piurae","(Chapman, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.67 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"locally in Andes of far southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Piura)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A989DCB",null,null,"Palambla, 4000 ft., Prov. Piura, western slope of Andes, east of Paita, Peru.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4600/","Hemispingus piurae"],["33185","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sphenopsis piurae macrophrys","(Koepcke, 1961)","American Museum Novitates no.2028 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Andes of western Peru (La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-851AC136",null,null,"Sunchubamba, latitude 7°28' S., 2650 meters [Peru].","Birds of the Western Slope of the Andes of Peru.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5395/","Hemispingus melanotis macrophrys"],["33186","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Nemosia fulvescens [Strickland, 1844]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 74). = Nemosia sordida d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/154/mode/1up","Thlypopsis"],["33187","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis inornata","(Taczanowski, 1879)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879, pt.2 p.228","Buff-bellied Tanager","Buff-bellied Tanager","Buff-bellied Tanager",null,null,"Andes of northwestern Peru; recently recorded in adjacent southern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722266","bubtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubtan1","avibase-CC33C7BB",null,null,"northern Peru; type from Tambillo, Dept. Cajamarca fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1085.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90453#page/312/mode/1up","Nemosia inornata"],["33188","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis sordida","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.28","Orange-headed Tanager","Orange-headed Tanager","Orange-headed Tanager",null,null,"dry woodland, riparian woodland and scrub, shrubby gardens, young secondary forest, and early-successional vegetation in river islands of the Río Orinoco and Amazon River and main tributaries, from southern and easternmost Colombia southward to southwestern Brazil, northern Bolivia, and southeastern Peru; also in the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to eastern Bolivia, southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northwestern and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722263","orhtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orhtan1","avibase-B185095D",null,null,"Yuracares, (rep. Boliviam) .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/144/mode/1up","N[emosia] sordida"],["33189","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis sordida orinocensis","Friedmann, 1942","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical east-central Venezuela (southern Anzoátegui and northern Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8F0D3B16",null,null,"Isla Orocopiche, near Soledad, Orinoco River, Venezuela.","A new Tanager from Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107702#page/103/mode/1up","Thlypopsis sordida orinocensis"],["33190","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis sordida chrysopis","(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.155-156",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0E344BC4",null,null,"Sarayacu, eastern Ecuador.","On new Birds collected by Mr. C. Buckley in Eastern Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/219/mode/1up","Nemosia chrysopis"],["33191","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis sordida sordida","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.28",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16721BB5",null,null,"Yuracares, (rep. Boliviam) .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/144/mode/1up","N[emosia] sordida"],["33192","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis fulviceps","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.138","Fulvous-headed Tanager","Fulvous-headed Tanager","Fulvous-headed Tanager",null,null,"humid foothill and montane forest in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, and the Andes of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722254","fuhtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fuhtan1","avibase-9EDD2366",null,null,"Caraccas [,Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/154/mode/1up","Th[lypopsis] fulviceps"],["33193","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis fulviceps fulviceps","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of northeastern Colombia and mountains of northern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6740CAEF",null,null,"Caraccas [,Venezuela] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/154/mode/1up","Th[lypopsis] fulviceps"],["33194","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis fulviceps obscuriceps","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66, no.18 p.139-140",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46729FCC",null,null,"Cerro Pejochaina, upper Río Negro, Sierra de Peri j a, Zulia, Venezuela; 1900 meters.","Eight new birds and thirty-three extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/165/mode/1up","Thlypopsis fulviceps obscuriceps"],["33195","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis fulviceps meridensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1962","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75, no.28 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Mérida)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF0CCE91",null,null,"Zea, Mérida [,Venezuela] ; 1,200 meters.","Two new subspecies of birds from Venezuela, the rufous phase of Pauxi pauxi, and other notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107533#page/571/mode/1up","Thlypopsis fulviceps meridensis"],["33196","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis fulviceps intensa","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of northeastern Colombia (southern Magdalena); population in Santa Marta range of uncertain subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4E599DEE",null,null,"La Palmita, Santander [= Magdalena], Colombia.","New genera, species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/154/mode/1up","Thlypopsis fulviceps intensa"],["33197","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma","Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016","Zootaxa 4088 (3) 329-354","Chestnut-headed Tanager","Chestnut-headed Tanager","Chestnut-headed Tanager",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722251","chhtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chhtan1","avibase-2D483804",null,null,"habitat unknown; Rio de Janeiro suggested by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 528.","A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)","https://mason-lab.org/resources/pdfs/Burns%20et%20al%20(2016)%20Zootaxa.pdf","Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma"],["33198","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis ruficeps","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.20","Rust-and-yellow Tanager","Rust-and-yellow Tanager","Rust-and-yellow Tanager",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722269","raytan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/raytan1","avibase-B33A1372",null,null,"Apupaya, rep. Boliviana; type from near Palca, Prov. Ayupaya (between Cochabamba and Incasivi), fide d'Orbigny, 1838, Voy. Amér. Mérid., 4, pt. 3, Ois., p. 219.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/136/mode/1up","S[ylvia] ruficeps"],["33199","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.227","Superciliaried Hemispingus","Superciliaried Hemispingus","Superciliaried Hemispingus",null,null,"montane cloudforest and elfin forest in the Andes from western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia and in the central Andes and northern portion of the western Andes of Colombia southward to northern Peru, and from the eastern Andes of northern Peru southward to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722223","suphem1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/suphem1","avibase-7DC2B3F6",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/237/mode/1up","Arremon superciliaris"],["33200","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris chrysophrys","(Sclater & Salvin, 1875)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, pt.2 p.234 (table), 235",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northwestern Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D61B6BD",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering. Part V.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90418#page/328/mode/1up","Chlorospingus chrysophrys"],["33201","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris superciliaris","(de Lafresnaye, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of central Colombia (Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A9FCF19",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/237/mode/1up","Arremon superciliaris"],["33202","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris nigrifrons","(Lawrence, 1875)","Ibis ser.3, vol.5, no.19 p.384",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CE625ED",null,null,"Ecuador.","Descriptions of five new Species of American Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35133#page/424/mode/1up","Chlorospingus nigrifrons"],["33203","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris maculifrons","(Zimmer, 1947)","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEC08246",null,null,"El Tambo, Dept. Piura, Peru; altitude 9400 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Hemispingus superciliaris maculifrons"],["33204","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris insignis","(Zimmer, 1947)","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of northern and central Peru (Amazonas southward to La Libertad)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EEFF9BAD",null,null,"La Lejia, north of Chachapoyas, Peru; altitude about 9000 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Hemispingus superciliaris insignis"],["33205","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris leucogastra","(Taczanowski, 1874)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874, pt.1 p.131, pl. XIX, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of the Andes of central Peru (Huánuco southward to Ayacucho)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85F49186",null,null,"Maraynioc, Department of Junín, Peru.","Description des Oiseaux nouveaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90419#page/199/mode/1up","Dacnidea leucogastra"],["33206","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis superciliaris urubambae","(Zimmer, 1947)","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate Andes of southern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C0E8813",null,null,"Tocopoqueu, Occobamba Valley, Peru; altitude 9100 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Hemispingus superciliaris urubambae"],["33207","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis pectoralis","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.508","Brown-flanked Tanager","Brown-flanked Tanager","Brown-flanked Tanager",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Huánuco, Pasco, and Junín)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722260","brftan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brftan1","avibase-8F016827",null,null,"Acancocha [above Pumamarca, Province of Tarma, Department of Junín], Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/518/mode/1up","Nemosia pectoralis"],["33208","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis ornata","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.138","Rufous-chested Tanager","Rufous-chested Tanager","Rufous-chested Tanager",null,null,"humid to semi-humid montane forest and scrub in the central Andes of central Colombia southward to south-central Peru (Lima), and along the eastern Andes southward to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722257","ructan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ructan3","avibase-0F68CD7D",null,null,"Pallatanga, [western] Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/198/mode/1up","Nemosia ornata"],["33209","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis ornata ornata","(Sclater, 1859)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.27, no.2 p.138",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Puracé) and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3360E0F7",null,null,"Pallatanga, [western] Ecuador.","List of the First Collection of Birds made by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/156166#page/198/mode/1up","Nemosia ornata"],["33210","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis ornata media","Zimmer, 1930","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 17, no.7 p.452",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador (Loja) to central Peru (Lima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-200A8EFD",null,null,"Cullcui, Marañón River, Peru, altitude 10,400 feet.","Birds of the Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1922-1923.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20932#page/232/mode/1up","Thlypopsis ornata media"],["33211","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thlypopsis ornata macropteryx","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central and southern Peru (Junín and Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67A0EFF4",null,null,"Maraynioc [, Department of Junín] , Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/403/mode/1up","Thlypopsis ornata macropteryx"],["33212","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamblyrhynchus","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Catamblyrhynchus diadema [Lafresnaye, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/313/mode/1up","Catamblyrhynchus"],["33213","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamblyrhynchus diadema","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.301","Plushcap","Plushcap","Plushcap",null,null,"montane cloudforest dominated by bamboo in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela; in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru, and along the eastern Andes of Peru southward to southern Bolivia and northwesternmost Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723021","plushc1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plushc1","avibase-D8AD3D11",null,null,"Colombia; type from 'Bogotá', fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 368.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/313/mode/1up","Catamblyrhynchus diadema"],["33214","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamblyrhynchus diadema federalis","Phelps & Phelps, 1953","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66, no.18 p.141-142",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua and Distrito Federal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CD722384",null,null,"El Junquito, 2,000 m., Distrito Federal, Venezuela.","Eight new birds and thirty-three extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599#page/167/mode/1up","Catamblyrhynchus diadema federalis"],["33215","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamblyrhynchus diadema diadema","de Lafresnaye, 1842","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.301",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela and southern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D85BBAC0",null,null,"Colombia; type from 'Bogotá', fide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 368.","Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/313/mode/1up","Catamblyrhynchus diadema"],["33216","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Catamblyrhynchus diadema citrinifrons","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.350",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED500FD5",null,null,"Maraynioc, Junín, Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/408/mode/1up","Catamblyrhynchus diadema citrinifrons"],["33217","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba","Vieillot, 1809","Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis Saint Dominique jusqu'à la baie de Hudson; contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois 2 p.iv,70",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhia flaveola [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180312#page/224/mode/1up","Coereba"],["33218","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.119","Bananaquit","Bananaquit","Bananaquit",null,null,"Caribbean region and southern Mexico through South America to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722080","banana","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/banana","avibase-B78F2D6F",null,null,"America [= Jamaica].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/137/mode/1up","Certhia flaveola"],["33219","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola bahamensis","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.253",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas (Great Bahama and Little Abaco to Grand Turk)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8AD8C258",null,null,"Bahamas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/289/mode/1up","Certhiola bahamensis"],["33220","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola caboti","(Baird, 1873)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7 p.612",null,null,null,null,null,"Quintana Roo (southeastern Mexico), including islands off northeastern Yucatan Peninsula (Holbox Island, Cozumel, and Cayo Culebra)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FE39784B",null,null,"Cozumel Island, Yucatan [Quintana Roo, Mexico]","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/629/mode/1up","Certhiola caboti"],["33221","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola flaveola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7287C4FD",null,null,"America [= Jamaica].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/137/mode/1up","Certhia flaveola"],["33222","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola sharpei","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.4 p.497",null,null,null,null,null,"Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73007A4A",null,null,"Grand Cayman.","Supplement. Descriptions of thirteen new species of birds from the Island of Grand Cayman, West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss4/41/","Certhiola sharpei"],["33223","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola bananivora","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.951",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola, including Gonâve, Petite Cayemite, and Île-à-Vache",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E9F3CD5B",null,null,"Santo Domingo.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/452/mode/1up","Motacilla bananivora"],["33224","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola nectarea","Wetmore, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42 p.118",null,null,null,null,null,"Tortue Island (off northern Haiti)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-47EDCBAA",null,null,"Tortue Island, Haiti.","New races of Birds from Haiti.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/138/mode/1up","Coereba bananivora nectarea"],["33225","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola portoricensis","(Bryant, 1866)","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 10 p.252",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C43AD351",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37035#page/260/mode/1up","Certhiola flaveola portoricensis"],["33226","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola sanctithomae","(Sundevall, 1869)","Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 26 p.621",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de Culebra and Isla de Vieques (both just east of Puerto Rico) and Virgin Islands (except for St. Croix)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52807159",null,null,"St. Thomas.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100848#page/649/mode/1up","Certhiola s:ti Thomae"],["33227","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola newtoni","(Baird, 1873)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7 p.611",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Croix (Virgin Islands)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF2F5961",null,null,"St. Croix.","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/628/mode/1up","Certhiola newtoni"],["33228","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola bartholemica","(Sparrman, 1788)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.3 no.57 pl.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Anguilla to Dominica (northern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-670001F0",null,null,"St. Bartholomew.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128100#page/39/mode/1up","Certhia bartholemica"],["33229","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola martinicana","(Reichenbach, 1853)","Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Beschreibender Text zu der vollständigsten Kupfersammlung der Vögel aller Welttheile. no.11 (Scansoriae B) p.252 pl.561 fig.3824",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique and St. Lucia (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BD79A7EA",null,null,"Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183489#page/288/mode/1up","Certhiola martinicana"],["33230","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola barbadensis","(Baird, 1873)","The American Naturalist, An Illustrated Magazine of Natural History 7 p.612",null,null,null,null,null,"Barbados (southeastern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3AC3B789",null,null,"Barbados.","On Some New Forms of American Birds","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127615#page/629/mode/1up","Certhiola barbadensis"],["33231","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola atrata","(Lawrence, 1878)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1[\"1877\"], no.5&6 p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6FFCC4E8",null,null,"St. Vincent [reference not verified].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/193/mode/1up","Certhiola atrata"],["33232","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola aterrima","(Lesson, 1830)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.4 p.303",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada and the Grenadines (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6F77B3B",null,null,"locality unknown [= Grenada, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 303].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/341/mode/1up","Dicaeum aterrimum"],["33233","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola uropygialis","Berlepsch, 1892","Journal für Ornithologie 40, no.197 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba and Curaçao",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1943C78E",null,null,"Curaçao.","Die Vögel der Insel Curaçao nach einer von Herrn cand. theol. Ernst peters daselbst angelegten Sammlung.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102240#page/91/mode/1up","Coereba uropygialis"],["33234","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola tricolor","(Ridgway, 1884)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7, no.420 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Providencia (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DCB7911",null,null,"Old Providence Island [Isla de Providencia, Colombia]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31798#page/194/mode/1up","Certhiola tricolor"],["33235","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola oblita","Griscom, 1923","American Museum Novitates no.71 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla San Andrés (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D585AFAF",null,null,"St. Andrew's Island. [San Andrés Island, Colombia]","Descriptions of apparently new birds from North America and the West Indies.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4608/","Coereba oblita"],["33236","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola mexicana","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.318 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"Veracruz, southeastern Mexico southward to Veraguas, western Panama (including Coiba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34441172",null,null,"southern Mexico, near Córdoba, Veracruz, and near Mount Orizaba, Puebla; type from near Córdoba, fide Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc), no. 33, p. 236.","Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/344/mode/1up","Certhiola mexicana"],["33237","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola cerinoclunis","Bangs, 1901","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,"Pearl Islands (Bay of Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5D0479F9",null,null,"San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.","A new Honey Creeper from San Miguel Island, Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45428#page/88/mode/1up","Coereba cerinoclunis"],["33238","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola columbiana","(Cabanis, 1866)","Journal für Ornithologie 13, no.78 p.412",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to southwestern Colombia and southern Venezuela (Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9B2BB53A",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Ueber neue oder weniger bekannte exotische Vögel.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109917#page/426/mode/1up","Certhiola columbiana"],["33239","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola bonairensis","Voous, 1955","Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 6 p.83",null,null,null,null,null,"Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F03C4683",null,null,"Slagbaai Plantation, Bonaire.","An undescribed race of Coereba flaveola from Bonaire.",null,"Coereba flaveola bonairensis"],["33240","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola melanornis","Phelps & Phelps, 1954","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67 p.112",null,null,null,null,null,"Cayo Sal (off Chichiriviche, Falcón, northwestern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1840E116",null,null,"Cayo Sal, opposite Chichiriviche, Falcón, Venezuela.","Notes on Venezuelan birds and descriptions of six new subspecies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796#page/134/mode/1up","Coereba flaveola melanornis"],["33241","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola lowii","Cory, 1909","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.5 p.217",null,null,null,null,null,"Islas Los Roques (off northern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-85FB72A5",null,null,"Los Roques, Venezuela","The birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20484#page/33/mode/1up","Coereba lowii"],["33242","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola ferryi","Cory, 1909","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.5 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla La Tortuga (off northern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-58720DB3",null,null,"Tortuga Island, Venezuela","The birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20484#page/37/mode/1up","Coereba ferryi"],["33243","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola frailensis","Phelps & Phelps, 1946","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 10 no.65-66 p.158",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla de Puerto Real and Morro El Fondeadero (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46C2A430",null,null,"Isla de Puerto Real, Islas Los Frailes, Venezuela.","Descripcion de cinco aves nuevas de Venezuela y commentarios sobre Columbigallina passerina tortugensis Fernández y Machaeropterus regulus aureopectus Phelps y Gilliard.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-cinco-aves-nuevas-de-venezuela-y-comentarios-sobre-columbigallina-passerina-tortugensis-fernandez-y-machaeropterus-regulus-aureopectus-phelps-y-gilliard/","Coereba flaveola frailensis"],["33244","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola laurae","Lowe, 1908","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 21, no.144 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla Testigo Grande and Isla Conejo (off northern Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F74F4AF",null,null,"Los Testigos Islands, Venezuela.","Exhibition of two new species of birds from the West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100926#page/134/mode/1up","Coereba laurae"],["33245","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola luteola","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.96",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northern Colombia to northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B64A5A90",null,null,"'Porto Cabello,' Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/112/mode/1up","Certhiola luteola"],["33246","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola obscura","Cory, 1913","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.7 p.291",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C809D2B3",null,null,"Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela.","Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20383#page/17/mode/1up","Coereba luteola obscura"],["33247","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola minima","(Bonaparte, 1854)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 38 p.259",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil (to Pará, north of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB3238BC",null,null,"Cayenne.","Notes sur les Collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua. Sixième communication : Chanteurs curvirostres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16563#page/269/mode/1up","Certhiola minima"],["33248","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola montana","Lowe, 1912","Ibis ser.9, vol.6, no.23 p.509",null,null,null,null,null,"highlands of western Venezuela (Mérida and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C6B1441",null,null,"Mérida, 1,600 m., western Venezuela.","Observations of the Genus CSreba, together with an Annotated List of the Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85124#page/603/mode/1up","Coereba luteola montana"],["33249","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola caucae","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.186",null,null,null,null,null,"western Colombia (upper Cauca Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F3CB345B",null,null,"Cali, 3,500 ft., Cauca Valley, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Coereba mexicana caucae"],["33250","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola gorgonae","Thayer & Bangs, 1905","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 46, no.5 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Gorgona Island (off western Colombia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16573D33",null,null,"Gorgona Island, Colombia","Vertebrata of Gorgona Island, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98450#page/115/mode/1up","Coereba gorgonae"],["33251","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola intermedia","(Salvadori & Festa, 1899)","Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14, no.357 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Colombia to northern Peru, southwestern Venezuela, and western Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FC0AC95B",null,null,"Zamora and Gualaquiza, Ecuador.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43047#page/149/mode/1up","Certhiola intermedia"],["33252","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola bolivari","Zimmer & Phelps, 1946","American Museum Novitates no.1312 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela (lower Orinoco Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2306C1C1",null,null,"Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela.","Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4451/","Coereba flaveola bolivari"],["33253","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola guianensis","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Venezuela (Bolívar) and adjacent Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6D52EE49",null,null,"Guiana [= British Guiana, fide Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, p. 290] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/113/mode/1up","Certhiola guianensis"],["33254","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola roraimae","Chapman, 1929","American Museum Novitates no.341 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tepuis of southeastern Venezuela, northwestern Brazil, and adjacent southwestern Guyana",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F01BEBAC",null,null,"Arabupu, 4,200 ft., Mt. Roraima, Venezuela.","Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4081/","Coereba guianensis roraimae"],["33255","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola pacifica","Lowe, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29, no.176 p.85",null,null,null,null,null,"arid northwestern Peru (Lambayeque, western La Libertad, and Ancash)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA290D92",null,null,"Pacasmayo, Libertad, Peru.","On a new species and subspecies of American Creeper.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/113/mode/1up","Coereba pacifica"],["33256","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola magnirostris","(Taczanowski, 1880)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880, pt.2 p.193",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (upper Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AD003115",null,null,"Callacate, northern Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par M. Stolzman, pendant les derniers mois de 1878 et dans la première moitié de 1879.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90456#page/265/mode/1up","Certhiola magnirostris"],["33257","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola dispar","Zimmer, 1942","American Museum Novitates no.1193 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (San Martín) southward to northwestern Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C64DEEB",null,null,"Candamo, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 43, Notes on the genera Dacnis, Xenodacnis, Coereba, Conirostrum, and Oreomanes.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4800/","Coereba flaveola dispar"],["33258","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola chloropyga","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical central Peru southward to Bolivia, Paraguay, western Brazil, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-34B23664",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/113/mode/1up","Certhiola chloropyga"],["33259","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Coereba flaveola alleni","Lowe, 1912","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 29, no.176 p.86",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz) eastward to central Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4BDF96B3",null,null,"Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil.","On a new species and subspecies of American Creeper.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100931#page/114/mode/1up","Coereba chloropyga alleni"],["33260","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tiaris","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., 1 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tiaris pusillus [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,"LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/454/mode/1up","Tiaris"],["33261","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tiaris olivaceus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.309","Yellow-faced Grassquit","Yellow-faced Grassquit","Yellow-faced Grassquit",null,null,"Gulf lowlands from eastern Mexico southward, and Caribbean including Greater Antilles",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723603","yefgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yefgra1","avibase-A8E1B59A",null,null,"Dominica [= Hispaniola] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/313/mode/1up","Emberiza olivacea"],["33262","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tiaris olivaceus pusillus","Swainson, 1827","The Philosophical Magazine, New Series n.s., Vol. 1, no.6 p.438",null,null,null,null,null,"Atlantic slope of Mexico southward locally through Central America to Colombia (west of eastern Andes) and northwestern and eastern Ecuador, and western Venezuela (southwestern Mérida and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9EE23FA3",null,null,"Tableland, Temascaltepec, and Real de Monte, Mexico.","LXXII. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun..","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53108#page/454/mode/1up","Tiaris pusillus"],["33263","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tiaris olivaceus intermedius","(Ridgway, 1885)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 3 p.22",null,null,null,null,null,"Cozumel and Holbox Island (off Yucatan Peninsula)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-370715B5",null,null,"Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19605#page/378/mode/1up","Euetheia olivacea intermedia"],["33264","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tiaris olivaceus ravidus","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.100",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C2D1E489",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/329/mode/1up","Tiaris olivacea ravida"],["33265","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tiaris olivaceus olivaceus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.309",null,null,null,null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and Hispaniola",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBB869A1",null,null,"Dominica [= Hispaniola] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/313/mode/1up","Emberiza olivacea"],["33266","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tiaris olivaceus bryanti","(Ridgway, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico and satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5095B243",null,null,"Puerto Rico.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Euetheia bryanti"],["33267","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Euneornis","Fitzinger, 1856","Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 21 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Motacilla campestris [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by original designation",null,null,null,"Euneornis"],["33268","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Euneornis campestris","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.184","Orangequit","Orangequit","Orangequit",null,null,"wooded highlands of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723722","orange1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orange1","avibase-0B691E17",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/203/mode/1up","Motacilla campestris"],["33269","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha","Bonaparte, 1853","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 37 p.924",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia nigra [Linnaeus, 1758]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 82).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16564#page/934/mode/1up","Melopyrrha"],["33270","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha portoricensis","(Daudin, 1800)","Traité élémentaire et complet d'ornithologie 2 p.411","Puerto Rican Bullfinch","Puerto Rican Bullfinch","Puerto Rican Bullfinch",null,null,"Puerto Rico",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/219527583","purbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purbul1","avibase-A234D566",null,null,"Puerto Rico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122045#page/459/mode/1up","Loxia portoricensis"],["33271","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha grandis","(Lawrence, 1881)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4, no.216 p.204","St. Kitts Bullfinch","St. Kitts Bullfinch","Saint Kitts Bullfinch",null,null,"formerly St. Kitts; probably extinct, unrecorded since 1920s","(possibly extinct)","CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/216918514","purbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/purbul3","avibase-67910FCD",null,null,"St. Christopher, Lesser Antilles.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53433#page/222/mode/1up","Loxigilla portoricensis grandis"],["33272","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha violacea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176","Greater Antillean Bullfinch","Greater Antillean Bullfinch","Greater Antillean Bullfinch",null,null,"scrub and gardens to forest of lowlands to mountains, Bahamas from Grand Bahama southeastward to Great Inagua, Turks and Caicos Islands, Hispaniola and satellite islands, and Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723628","grabul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grabul1","avibase-CAE909E3",null,null,"America [= Bahamas] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Loxia violacea"],["33273","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha violacea violacea","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.176",null,null,null,null,null,"northern and central Bahamas",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC76E513",null,null,"America [= Bahamas] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/195/mode/1up","Loxia violacea"],["33274","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha violacea ofella","(Buden, 1986)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 106 p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"central and eastern Caicos Islands (southern Bahamas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2C21D987",null,null,"Jacksonville, East Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands; collected 8 March 1976 by D. W. Buden.","A new subspecies of Greater Antillean Bullfinch Loxigilla violacea from the Caicos Islands with notes on other populations.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/571/mode/1up","Loxigilla violacea ofella"],["33275","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha violacea maurella","(Wetmore, 1929)","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 81, no.13 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Tortue and Gonâve islands (Haiti) and Saona Island (Dominican Republic)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FA52CE6A",null,null,"Tortue Island, Haiti","Descriptions of four new forms of Birds from Hispaniola.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35823#page/612/mode/1up","Loxigilla violacea maurella"],["33276","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha violacea affinis","(Ridgway, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.322",null,null,null,null,null,"Hispaniola and southern satellite islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F9C3E46",null,null,"Portau-Prince, Haiti.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Pyrrulagra affinis"],["33277","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha violacea ruficollis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.894",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-544A82F8",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/395/mode/1up","Tanagra ruficollis"],["33278","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha nigra","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.175","Cuban Bullfinch","Cuban Bullfinch","Cuban Bullfinch","2025-0622","Taxon <em>taylori </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pyrrhulagra nigra</em> based on differences in plumage, size, and proportions, and possible vocal differences (Garrido et al. 2014). Formal bioacoustic analysis and genetic data would be informative.","Cuba including Isla de la Juventud",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103813101","cubbul2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubbul2","avibase-76018800",null,null,"Mexico (from Catesby) ; emended to Cuba by Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 168.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/194/mode/1up","Loxia nigra"],["33279","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melopyrrha taylori","Hartert, 1896","Novitates Zoologicae 3, no.3 p.257","Grand Cayman Bullfinch","Grand Cayman Bullfinch","Grand Cayman Bullfinch","2025-0622","Taxon <em>taylori </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Pyrrhulagra nigra</em> based on differences in plumage, size, and proportions, and possible vocal differences (Garrido et al. 2014). Formal bioacoustic analysis and genetic data would be informative.","Grand Cayman",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103813133","cubbul3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubbul3","avibase-ABF0B698",null,null,"Grand Cayman.","Description of a new Finch from the West Indies.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22554#page/293/mode/1up","Melopyrrha taylori"],["33280","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxipasser","Bryant, 1866","Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 10 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Spermophila anoxantha [Gosse, 1847]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37035#page/262/mode/1up","Loxipasser"],["33281","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxipasser anoxanthus","(Gosse, 1847)","The birds of Jamaica p.247","Yellow-shouldered Grassquit","Yellow-shouldered Grassquit","Yellow-shouldered Grassquit",null,null,"hills and mountains of Jamaica",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723622","yesgra1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yesgra1","avibase-68C45443",null,null,"Mount Edgecumbe, Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50518#page/265/mode/1up","Spermophila anoxantha"],["33282","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phonipara","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31, no.12 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia canora [Gmelin, JF, 1789]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 82).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/434/mode/1up","Phonipara"],["33283","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Phonipara canora","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.858","Cuban Grassquit","Cuban Grassquit","Cuban Grassquit",null,null,"Cuba including Isla de la Juventud; introduced New Providence, Bahamas",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723595","cubgra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cubgra","avibase-6A8C578A",null,null,"'New Spain [= Mexico ; error, Cuba] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/359/mode/1up","Loxia canora"],["33284","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla","Lesson, 1831","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.443",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla noctis [Linnaeus, 1766]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 74).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/481/mode/1up","Loxigilla"],["33285","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla barbadensis","Cory, 1886","The Auk 3, no.3 p.382","Barbados Bullfinch","Barbados Bullfinch","Barbados Bullfinch",null,null,"Barbados (Lesser Antilles)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734682","barbul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barbul1","avibase-AA768553",null,null,"Barbados.","Descriptions of new species of birds from the West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/13/","Loxigilla barbadensis"],["33286","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.320","Lesser Antillean Bullfinch","Lesser Antillean Bullfinch","Lesser Antillean Bullfinch",null,null,"varied habitats (including in towns) from lowlands to hills of Vieques (just east of Puerto Rico; recent colonist?), US and British Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles from Anguilla and Saba southward to Grenada",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22734677","leabul1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leabul1","avibase-B371AC33",null,null,"Jamaica, Mexico, and Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/324/mode/1up","Fringilla noctis"],["33287","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis coryi","(Ridgway, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher (St. Kitts), Nevis and Montserrat (northwestern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AE408C0",null,null,"St. Eustatius.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Pyrrhulagra coryi"],["33288","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis ridgwayi","(Cory, 1892)","Catalogue of West Indian birds, containing a list of all species known to occur in the Bahama Islands, the Greater Antilles, the Caymans, and the Lesser Antilles, excepting the islands of Tobago and Trinidad p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"St. John and St. Croix (US Virgin Islands) and northern Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Martin, Barbuda, and Antigua)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-039D6A73",null,null,"Antigua.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48594#page/156/mode/1up","Pyrrhulagra noctis ridgwayi"],["33289","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis desiradensis","Danforth, 1937","The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 21 p.229",null,null,null,null,null,"Désirade Island (north-central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C15B4C7",null,null,"Desirade.","A revision of the West Indian races of Loxigilla noctis (Linnaeus).",null,"Loxigilla noctis desiradensis"],["33290","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis dominicana","(Ridgway, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"Guadeloupe (including Marie-Galante and Îles des Saintes) and Dominica (central Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C7175ED",null,null,"Dominica.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Pyrrhulagra dominicana"],["33291","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis noctis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.320",null,null,null,null,null,"Martinique (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7873A8A1",null,null,"Jamaica, Mexico, and Martinique.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/324/mode/1up","Fringilla noctis"],["33292","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis sclateri","Allen, 1880","Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 5 p.166",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A9CBF064",null,null,"St. Lucia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/69164#page/186/mode/1up","Loxigilla noctis sclateri"],["33293","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis crissalis","(Ridgway, 1898)","The Auk 15, no.4 p.323",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E05FBB4A",null,null,"Cumberland Valley, St. Vincent.","New species, etc., of American birds. II. Fringillidae (continued).","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/7/","Pyrrhulagra crissalis"],["33294","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Loxigilla noctis grenadensis","(Cory, 1892)","Catalogue of West Indian birds, containing a list of all species known to occur in the Bahama Islands, the Greater Antilles, the Caymans, and the Lesser Antilles, excepting the islands of Tobago and Trinidad p.150",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9408309F",null,null,"Grenada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48594#page/156/mode/1up","Pyrrhulagra noctis grenadensis"],["33295","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.3 p.224",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxigilla richardsoni [Cory, 1886]; type by original designation",null,"Descriptions of Supposed New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of American Birds","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss3/2/","Melanospiza"],["33296","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza richardsoni","(Cory, 1886)","The Auk 3, no.3 p.382","St. Lucia Black Finch","St. Lucia Black Finch","Saint Lucia Black Finch",null,null,"St. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723725","slbfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbfin1","avibase-AAE04558",null,null,"mountains of St. Lucia.","Descriptions of new species of birds from the West Indies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol3/iss3/13/","Loxigilla richardsoni"],["33297","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.324","Black-faced Grassquit","Black-faced Grassquit","Black-faced Grassquit",null,null,"Caribbean region including Colombia southward to upper Magdalena Valley and northern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723611","bkfgra","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkfgra","avibase-821B971F",null,null,"America [= Bahamas] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/328/mode/1up","Fringilla bicolor"],["33298","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor bicolor","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.324",null,null,null,null,null,"Bahamas and north Cuban cays off Las Villas Province",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-86E82278",null,null,"America [= Bahamas] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/328/mode/1up","Fringilla bicolor"],["33299","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor marchii","(Baird, 1864)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.297",null,null,null,null,null,"Jamaica, Hispaniola, and adjacent islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A9AE989",null,null,"Jamaica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18294#page/303/mode/1up","Phonipara marchii"],["33300","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor omissa","(Jardine, 1847)","The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser.1, vol.20, no.134 p.332-333",null,null,null,null,null,"Puerto Rico eastward through Lesser Antilles to Tobago, and mainland from northern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula and western Santander); probably this race in northern central Andes eastward through coastal Venezuela to Sucre and Isla Margarita",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-16199D63",null,null,"Tobago.","XXXI. Horae Zoologicae. [Continued from vol. xix. p. 83.] Birds of Tobago.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19465#page/390/mode/1up","Tiaris omissa"],["33301","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor huilae","(Miller, 1952)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65, no.2 p.14",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F758ED4A",null,null,"five km. north of Villavieja 1,400 ft., Huila, Colombia.","Two new races of birds from the Upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/210/mode/1up","Tiaris bicolor huilae"],["33302","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor grandior","(Cory, 1887)","The Auk 4, no.3 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"islas Providencia, Santa Catalina, and San Andrés (western Caribbean Sea)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6F1B75A8",null,null,"Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea. [Isla Providencia, Colombia]","Description of a new Euethia from Old Providence Island.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol4/iss3/11/","Euethia grandior"],["33303","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor johnstonei","(Lowe, 1906)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19, no.127 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"islas La Blanquilla and Los Hermanos (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7F3180FA",null,null,"Isla La Blanquilla, Venezuela.","On a new species of Finch from Blanquilla Island.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/430/mode/1up","Euethia johnstonei"],["33304","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor sharpei","(Hartert, 1893)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1, no.7 p.37",null,null,null,null,null,"Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D68FF84E",null,null,"Bonaire, Curaçao, and Aruba ; type from Curaçao, fide Hartert, 1919, Novit. Zool., 26, p. 154.","[A new Finch from the Dutch West Indies].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/63/mode/1up","Euetheia sharpei"],["33305","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Melanospiza bicolor tortugensis","(Cory, 1909)","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.5 p.221",null,null,null,null,null,"Isla La Tortuga (off Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4C392EA",null,null,"Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela.","The birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20484#page/37/mode/1up","Tiaris tortugensis"],["33306","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Asemospiza","Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016","Zootaxa 4088 (3) 329-354 ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla fuliginosa [Wied-Neuwied, 1830]",null,"A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes).","https://mason-lab.org/resources/pdfs/Burns%20et%20al%20(2016)%20Zootaxa.pdf","Asemospiza"],["33307","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Asemospiza fuliginosa","(Wied-Neuwied, 1830)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.1 p.628","Sooty Grassquit","Sooty Grassquit","Sooty Grassquit",null,null,"Colombia to Venezuela, Guyana, and eastern and southwestern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723614","soogra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/soogra2","avibase-F2091EB7",null,null,"Camamu, Bahia, Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/648/mode/1up","Fringilla fuliginosa"],["33308","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Asemospiza obscura","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.81","Dull-colored Grassquit","Dull-colored Grassquit","Dull-colored Grassquit",null,null,"northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, and west-central Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723584","ducgra2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ducgra2","avibase-E83C7E46",null,null,"Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/197/mode/1up","Emberiza obscura"],["33309","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Asemospiza obscura haplochroma","(Todd, 1912)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.200",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-08788B68",null,null,"Cincinnati, Santa Marta district, Colombia.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/240/mode/1up","Sporophila haplochroma"],["33310","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Asemospiza obscura pauper","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884, pt.3 p.293, pl. XXIV, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"far southern Colombia (Nariño) to Ecuador and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9C4A50F",null,null,"Cayandeled, Chimborazo, Ecuador.","Deuxième liste des Oiseaux recueillis dans l'Ecuadeur occidental par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91191#page/373/mode/1up","Spermophila pauper"],["33311","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Asemospiza obscura obscura","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.81",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of central Peru to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE5B8569",null,null,"Chiquitos, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/197/mode/1up","Emberiza obscura"],["33312","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Asemospiza obscura pacifica","(Koepcke, 1963)","Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"lomas of coastal western Peru (northern Lima to northern Arequipa)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FF21F1DD",null,null,"Lachay, 400 m., 90 km. north Lima, Peru.","Zur Kenntniss einiger Finken des peruanischen Küstengebietes (mit Beschreibungen neuer Subspezies).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/490/mode/1up","Sporophila obscura pacifica"],["33313","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Certhidea olivacea [Gould, 1837]; type by monotypy",null,"Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/179/mode/1up","Certhidea"],["33314","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea olivacea","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.7","Green Warbler-Finch","Green Warbler-Finch","Green Warbler-finch",null,null,"Galapagos (Santiago, Rábida, Pinzón, Isabela, Fernandina, and Santa Cruz)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103814223","warfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/warfin1","avibase-284D617C",null,null,"Galapagos Islands ; restricted to James by 7 Swarth, 1931, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., 18, p. 255.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/179/mode/1up","Certhidea olivacea"],["33315","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca","Sclater & Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.324, fig. 1","Grey Warbler-Finch","Gray Warbler-Finch","Grey Warbler-finch",null,null,"arid lowlands of smaller northern and eastern islands of the Galapagos, including Darwin and Wolf (far northwest), Pinta to Genovesa (northeast), Santa Fé, and Floreana to San Cristobal and Española",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815085","grywaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grywaf1","avibase-3A320757",null,null,"Abingdon and Bindloe, Galapagos Islands; type from Abingdon, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 143.","Characters of new Species of Birds collected by Dr. Habel in the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/398/mode/1up","Certhidea fusca"],["33316","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca becki","Rothschild, 1898","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.53",null,null,null,null,null,"Darwin and Wolf (far northwestern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E5DC663C",null,null,"Wenman, Galapagos Island.","[Results of the expedition made by Frank Blake Webster to the Galapagos Islands].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/491/mode/1up","Certhidea becki"],["33317","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca mentalis","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Genovesa (northeastern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DC70E176",null,null,"Tower, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/397/mode/1up","Certhidea mentalis"],["33318","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca fusca","Sclater & Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.324, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Pinta and Marchena (northern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-11FE8B01",null,null,"Abingdon and Bindloe, Galapagos Islands; type from Abingdon, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 143.","Characters of new Species of Birds collected by Dr. Habel in the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/398/mode/1up","Certhidea fusca"],["33319","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca luteola","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.360",null,null,null,null,null,"San Cristobal (southeastern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-565927DA",null,null,"Chatham, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/398/mode/1up","Certhidea luteola"],["33320","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca bifasciata","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.359",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Fé (central Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E489206",null,null,"Barrington, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/397/mode/1up","Certhidea bifasciata"],["33321","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca cinerascens","Ridgway, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.767 p.105",null,null,null,null,null,"Española (southeastern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A06FC89B",null,null,"Hood, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/129/mode/1up","Certhidea cinerascens"],["33322","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Certhidea fusca ridgwayi","Rothschild & Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.2 p.149",null,null,null,null,null,"Floreana (southern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23AFFC39",null,null,"Charles [=Floreana], Galapagos Islands.","A review of the ornithology of the Galapagos Islands. With notes on the Webster-Harris expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/163/mode/1up","Certhidea olivacea ridgwayi"],["33323","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Platyspiza","Ridgway, 1897","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 19, no.1116 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Camarhynchus variegatus [Sclater & Salvin, 1870]; type by original designation = Camarhynchus crassirostris Gould, 1837",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31780#page/671/mode/1up","Platyspiza"],["33324","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Platyspiza crassirostris","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.6","Vegetarian Finch","Vegetarian Finch","Vegetarian Finch",null,null,"main islands of Galapagos (except for more arid islands)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723762","vegfin2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vegfin2","avibase-1FF6DD40",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/178/mode/1up","Camarhynchus crassirostris"],["33325","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pinaroloxias","Sharpe, 1885","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10 p.52",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Cactornis inornata [Gould, 1843]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34358#page/70/mode/1up","Pinaroloxias"],["33326","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pinaroloxias inornata","(Gould, 1843)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.11, no.126 p.104","Cocos Finch","Cocos Finch","Cocos Finch",null,null,"forest of Cocos Island (off western Costa Rica)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723792","cocfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocfin1","avibase-82F77F7B",null,null,"Bow Island, Low Archipelago, Polynesia ; corrected to Cocos Island by Richmond, 1902, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15, pp. 247-248.","Exhibition and description of nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/472/mode/1up","Cactornis inornatus"],["33327","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Camarhynchus psittacula [Gould, 1837]; type by original designation",null,"Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/178/mode/1up","Camarhynchus"],["33328","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus pauper","Ridgway, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.767 p.111","Medium Tree Finch","Medium Tree-Finch","Medium Tree-finch",null,null,"humid scrub of Floreana (southern Galapagos)",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723773","metfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/metfin1","avibase-884F3C94",null,null,"Charles, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/135/mode/1up","Camarhynchus pauper"],["33329","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus parvulus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.6","Small Tree Finch","Small Tree-Finch","Small Tree-finch",null,null,"mostly highland forest of main Galapagos Islands (except Pinta to Genovesa in north and Espanola in the far southeast)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723778","smtfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smtfin1","avibase-2670E8D5",null,null,"Galapagos Islands ; restricted to James by 1 ° ' Gould, 1841, Voy. Beagle, Birds, pt. 3, p. 102.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/178/mode/1up","Geospiza parvula"],["33330","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus parvulus parvulus","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"humid scrub of main Galapagos Islands (except San Cristóbal)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CB8363CA",null,null,"Galapagos Islands ; restricted to James by 1 ° ' Gould, 1841, Voy. Beagle, Birds, pt. 3, p. 102.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/178/mode/1up","Geospiza parvula"],["33331","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus parvulus salvini","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"San Cristóbal (southeastern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82459147",null,null,"Chatham, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/402/mode/1up","Camarhynchus salvini"],["33332","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus psittacula","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.6","Large Tree Finch","Large Tree-Finch","Large Tree-finch",null,null,"highland forest of main Galapagos Islands (except Espanola, in the far southeast)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723768","latfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/latfin1","avibase-A5475B20",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/178/mode/1up","Camarhynchus psittacula"],["33333","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus psittacula habeli","Sclater & Salvin, 1870","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.325, fig. 3",null,null,null,null,null,"Pinta and Marchena (northern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BB03F17F",null,null,"Abingdon and Bindloe, Galapagos Islands. 1","Characters of new Species of Birds collected by Dr. Habel in the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/399/mode/1up","Camarhynchus habeli"],["33334","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus psittacula affinis","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.365",null,null,null,null,null,"Isabela and Fernandina (western Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AF067496",null,null,"Albemarle, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/403/mode/1up","Camarhynchus affinis"],["33335","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus psittacula psittacula","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Galapagos (Seymour, Barrington, Santa Cruz, Floreana, Pinzón, Rábida, and Santiago)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-53E18956",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/178/mode/1up","Camarhynchus psittacula"],["33336","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus heliobates","(Snodgrass & Heller, 1901)","The Condor 3, no.4 p.96","Mangrove Finch","Mangrove Finch","Mangrove Finch",null,null,"mangroves on northwest coast of Isabela (western Galapagos); restricted to very small area, formerly also on eastern coast of Isabela, and on Fernandina",null,"CR","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723786","manfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manfin1","avibase-BEC9AB71",null,null,"Tagus Cove, Albemarle, Galapagos Islands.","A New Species of Geospiza Collected by the Hopkins-Stanford Expedition to the Galapagos Islands","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol3/iss4/6/","Geospiza heliobates"],["33337","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus pallidus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.327","Woodpecker Finch","Woodpecker Finch","Woodpecker Finch",null,null,"mostly forested areas at higher elevations on main Galapagos Islands (except Marchena and Genovesa in far northeast and Espanola in far southeast)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723783","woofin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/woofin1","avibase-AA7BFE29",null,null,"Indefatigable, Galapagos Islands.","Characters of new Species of Birds collected by Dr. Habel in the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/401/mode/1up","Cactornis pallida"],["33338","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus pallidus pallidus","(Sclater & Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.327",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Galapagos (Santiago, Rábida, Seymour, Pinzón, Santa Cruz, and Floreana )",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B74CEB50",null,null,"Indefatigable, Galapagos Islands.","Characters of new Species of Birds collected by Dr. Habel in the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/401/mode/1up","Cactornis pallida"],["33339","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus pallidus productus","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.364",null,null,null,null,null,"Isabela and Fernandina (western Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-24572C12",null,null,"Albermale, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/402/mode/1up","Camarhynchus productus"],["33340","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Camarhynchus pallidus striatipecta","(Swarth, 1931)","Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 18 p.245",null,null,null,null,null,"San Cristóbal (southeastern Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4E90533",null,null,"Chatham, Galapagos Islands.","The avifauna of the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35726#page/257/mode/1up","Cactospiza pallida striatipecta"],["33341","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Geospiza magnirostris [Gould, 1837]; type by original designation",null,"Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/177/mode/1up","Geospiza"],["33342","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza difficilis","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.12","Sharp-beaked Ground Finch","Sharp-beaked Ground-Finch","Sharp-beaked Ground-finch",null,null,"Pinta, Fernandina, and Santiago; formerly also Santa Cruz, this population now extinct (western and northern Galapagos)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815127","shbgrf3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbgrf3","avibase-E3F00936",null,null,"Abingdon and Charles, Galapagos Islands ; corrected to Abingdon by Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 179.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/32/mode/1up","Geospiza difficilis"],["33343","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza difficilis difficilis","Sharpe, 1888","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds highlands of Pinta (northern Galápagos); some move lower to drier habitats in non-breeding season",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CBDAE565",null,null,"Abingdon and Charles, Galapagos Islands ; corrected to Abingdon by Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 179.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34378#page/32/mode/1up","Geospiza difficilis"],["33344","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza difficilis debilirostris","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.363",null,null,null,null,null,"breeds highlands of Galapagos (Fernandina, and Santiago; formerly also Santa Cruz, where extirpated); moves lower in non-breeding season",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-640C28B3",null,null,"James, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/401/mode/1up","Geospiza debilirostris"],["33345","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza septentrionalis","Rothschild & Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.2 p.165","Vampire Ground Finch","Vampire Ground-Finch","Vampire Ground-finch",null,null,"Darwin and Wolf (far northwestern Galapagos)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815245","shbgrf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbgrf1","avibase-2CD2FB00",null,null,"Wenman [=Wolf] Island, Galapagos Islands.","A review of the ornithology of the Galapagos Islands. With notes on the Webster-Harris expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/179/mode/1up","Geospiza scandens septentrionalis"],["33346","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza fuliginosa","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.5","Small Ground Finch","Small Ground-Finch","Small Ground-finch",null,null,"arid scrub of main Galapagos Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723739","smgfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/smgfin1","avibase-E4353A51",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/177/mode/1up","Geospiza fuliginosa"],["33347","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza fortis","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.5","Medium Ground Finch","Medium Ground-Finch","Medium Ground-finch",null,null,"arid scrub of main Galapagos Islands",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723734","megfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/megfin1","avibase-4112A42B",null,null,"Galapagos Islands.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/177/mode/1up","Geospiza fortis"],["33348","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza acutirostris","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.363","Genovesa Ground Finch","Genovesa Ground-Finch","Genovesa Ground-finch",null,null,"Genovesa (northern Galapagos)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815404","shbgrf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbgrf2","avibase-9D0CBF8C",null,null,"Tower, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/401/mode/1up","Geospiza acutirostris"],["33349","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza propinqua","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.361","Genovesa Cactus Finch","Genovesa Cactus-Finch","Genovesa Cactus-finch","2025-0623","Taxon <em>darwini </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Geospiza magnirostris</em> based on bill morphology (Grant 1986) and distributional rationale, with <em>darwini </em>more likely a subspecies of the widespread <em>magnirostris </em>rather than the narrowly endemic <em>propinqua</em>.","Genovesa (Galapagos)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815544","gencaf1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gencaf1","avibase-C5FB838E",null,null,"Tower, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/399/mode/1up","Geospiza propinqua"],["33350","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza magnirostris","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.5","Large Ground Finch","Large Ground-Finch","Large Ground-finch","2025-0623","Taxon <em>darwini </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Geospiza magnirostris</em> based on bill morphology (Grant 1986) and distributional rationale, with <em>darwini </em>more likely a subspecies of the widespread <em>magnirostris </em>rather than the narrowly endemic <em>propinqua</em>.","arid lowlands and hills of Galapagos (except Floreana, San Cristobal (?), and Espanola, in eastern Galapagos)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723729","lagfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lagfin1","avibase-CB7E7F2B",null,null,"Galapagos Islands. 1","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/177/mode/1up","Geospiza magnirostris"],["33351","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris","Gould, 1837","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"arid scrub of main Galapagos Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3646336B",null,null,"Galapagos Islands. 1","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/177/mode/1up","Geospiza magnirostris"],["33352","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza magnirostris darwini","Rothschild & Hartert, 1899","Novitates Zoologicae 6, no.2 p.158",null,null,null,"2025-0623","Taxon <em>darwini </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Geospiza magnirostris</em> based on bill morphology (Grant 1986) and distributional rationale, with <em>darwini </em>more likely a subspecies of the widespread <em>magnirostris </em>rather than the narrowly endemic <em>propinqua</em>.","Galapagos (reportedly Darwin and Wolf); it is not certain that currently there is a population on either island, and perhaps not a valid subspecies",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F2099DE7",null,null,"Culpepper [=Darwin], Galapagos Islands.","A review of the ornithology of the Galapagos Islands. With notes on the Webster-Harris expedition.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22632#page/172/mode/1up","Geospiza darwini"],["33353","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza conirostris","Ridgway, 1890","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12, no.767 p.106","Espanola Cactus Finch","Española Ground-Finch","Espanola Cactus-finch",null,null,"Española (Galapagos)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103815509","larcaf2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/larcaf2","avibase-18306F20",null,null,"Hood, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53609#page/130/mode/1up","Geospiza conirostris"],["33354","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza scandens","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.7","Common Cactus Finch","Common Cactus-Finch","Common Cactus-finch",null,null,"arid lowlands with cacti on main Galapagos Islands (except Fernandina and Espanola)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723752","cocfin3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cocfin3","avibase-EFA269E4",null,null,"Galapagos Islands; type from James Island, fide Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers California Acad. Sci., 18, p. 190.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/179/mode/1up","Cactornis scandens"],["33355","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza scandens scandens","(Gould, 1837)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.49 p.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Santiago and Rábida (central Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-054D45DE",null,null,"Galapagos Islands; type from James Island, fide Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers California Acad. Sci., 18, p. 190.","Remarks on a group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with characters of the New Species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/179/mode/1up","Cactornis scandens"],["33356","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza scandens intermedia","Ridgway, 1894","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17, no.1007 p.361",null,null,null,null,null,"Santa Fé, Floreana, Pinzón, Santa Cruz, and Isabela (western and central Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9DDC26F2",null,null,"Charles, Galapagos Islands.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53454#page/399/mode/1up","Geospiza intermedia"],["33357","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza scandens abingdoni","(Sclater & Salvin, 1870)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870, pt.2 p.326-327, fig. 5",null,null,null,null,null,"Pinta (Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E69C3BD9",null,null,"Abingdon, Galay b pagos Islands.","Characters of new Species of Birds collected by Dr. Habel in the Galapagos Islands.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90543#page/400/mode/1up","Cactornis abingdoni"],["33358","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Geospiza scandens rothschildi","Heller & Snodgrass, 1901","The Condor 3, no.3 p.75",null,null,null,null,null,"Marchena (Galapagos)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F51AF4CB",null,null,"Bindloe, Galapagos Islands.","Descriptions of Two New Species and Three New Subspecies of Birds From the Eastern Pacific, Collected by the Hopkins-Stanford Expedition to the Galapagos Islands.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol3/iss3/10/","Geospiza scandens rothschildi"],["33359","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Calochaetes","Sclater, 1879","Ibis ser.4, vol.3, no.11 p.388",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Euchaetes coccineus [Sclater, PL, 1858]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35127#page/434/mode/1up","Calochaetes"],["33360","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Calochaetes coccineus","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.351 p.73 pl.132 fig.1","Vermilion Tanager","Vermilion Tanager","Vermilion Tanager",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Colombia to Ecuador and eastern Peru (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722491","vertan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/vertan1","avibase-92F622EE",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador.","Notes on a Collection of Birds received by M. Verreaux of Paris from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/107/mode/1up","Euchaetes coccineus"],["33361","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis","Lesson, 1844","L'Écho du Monde Savant (2), 11 col.80",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Arremon rufivertex [Lafresnaye, 1842]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180990#page/35/mode/1up","Iridosornis"],["33362","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis analis","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.287","Yellow-throated Tanager","Yellow-throated Tanager","Yellow-throated Tanager",null,null,"Andes of southeastern Colombia to Ecuador and southeastern Peru (Puno)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722669","yettan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yettan1","avibase-845E3D86",null,null,"Peru; type from 'C. Peru,' fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1043; Valley of Vitoc, Dept. Junín, suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 179.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/295/mode/1up","T[anagra] analis"],["33363","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis porphyrocephalus","Sclater, 1856","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.298 p.227 pl.110","Purplish-mantled Tanager","Purplish-mantled Tanager","Purplish-mantled Tanager",null,null,"humid western Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722659","pumtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pumtan2","avibase-7999BD70",null,null,"neighbourhood of Quito.","Characters of Two New Species of Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/1051/mode/1up","Iridornis porphyrocephala"],["33364","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis jelskii","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.316","Golden-collared Tanager","Golden-collared Tanager","Golden-collared Tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest in the eastern Andes from northern Peru (southern San Martin) southward to west-central Bolivia (Cochabamba)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722672","goctan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goctan3","avibase-28B96403",null,null,"Maraynioc [Junín, Peru].","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/328/mode/1up","Iridornis Jelskii"],["33365","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis jelskii jelskii","Cabanis, 1873","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"temperate Andes of Peru (La Libertad to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-368A5FBB",null,null,"Maraynioc [Junín, Peru].","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/328/mode/1up","Iridornis Jelskii"],["33366","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis jelskii bolivianus","Berlepsch, 1912","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1043, 1134-1135",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to western Bolivia (La Paz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9BA19397",null,null,"Undauvi [,La Paz], Bolivia.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Iridosornis jelskii boliviana"],["33367","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis reinhardti","Sclater, 1865","Ibis ser.2, vol.1, no.4 p.495 pl.11","Yellow-scarfed Tanager","Yellow-scarfed Tanager","Yellow-scarfed Tanager",null,null,"east slope of Andes of Peru (southern Amazonas to Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722678","yestan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yestan1","avibase-83B4D063",null,null,"Eastern slope of the Peruvian Cordilleras.","Description of a new Species of Tanager of the genus Iridornis.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97523#page/539/mode/1up","Iridornis reinhardti"],["33368","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis rufivertex","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.335","Golden-crowned Tanager","Golden-crowned Tanager","Golden-crowned Tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest, elfin forest, and treeline in the Andes from northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela, and in the central and western Andes of Colombia southward to northwestern Ecuador and along the eastern Andes southward to northernmost Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722675","goctan4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goctan4","avibase-699BDB3E",null,null,"Bolivia; error, Bogotá region, eastern Andes of Colombia, substituted by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 176.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/347/mode/1up","Arremon rufi-vertex"],["33369","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis rufivertex rufivertex","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.335",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Venezuela (southern Táchira), both slopes of adjacent eastern Andes of Colombia (southward to Cundinamarca and on eastern slope in Nariño), and entire eastern slope of Andes in Ecuador southward to northern Peru (near Piura–Cajamarca border and north of Marañón Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C53AA71C",null,null,"Bolivia; error, Bogotá region, eastern Andes of Colombia, substituted by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 176.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/347/mode/1up","Arremon rufi-vertex"],["33370","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis rufivertex caeruleoventris","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.657",null,null,null,null,null,"northern end of western Andes (Paramillo) and northern part of central Andes (Antioquia southward to Tolima), in northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49DE3B77",null,null,"Paramillo (12,500 ft.), northern end of Western Andes, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Iridosornis dubusia caeruleoventris"],["33371","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis rufivertex ignicapillus","Chapman, 1915","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34, art.23 p.656",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of southwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5CEF0DE3",null,null,"Andes west of Popayan (10,340 ft.), Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. IV.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1752","Iridosornis dubusia ignicapillus"],["33372","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Iridosornis rufivertex subsimilis","Zimmer, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1262 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"western slope of western Andes of western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-396200AD",null,null,"Mindo Valley, western Ecuador ; altitude 9400 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 48..","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3742/","Iridosornis rufi-vertex subsimilis"],["33373","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pipraeidea","Swainson, 1827","The Zoological Journal 3, no.10 p.173",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Pipraeidea cyanea [Swainson, 1827]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87903#page/201/mode/1up","Pipraeidea"],["33374","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pipraeidea melanonota","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.407","Fawn-breasted Tanager","Fawn-breasted Tanager","Fawn-breasted Tanager",null,null,"humid to semi-humid forest, woodland, and gardens and parks in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, tepuis of southern Venezuela, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to west-central Peru and along the eastern Andes southward to northwestern Argentina; also in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado regions from northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco), southward to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722691","fabtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fabtan1","avibase-F403E113",null,null,"Bresil [= Rio de Janeiro] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/429/mode/1up","Tanagra melanonota"],["33375","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pipraeidea melanonota venezuelensis","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.317 p.265-266",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Venezuela (coastal range from Carabobo eastward to Distrito Federal and Miranda, Sucre and Monagas, locally in Andes from southern Lara southward, Cerro Yaví and Cerro Taracuniña, in Amazonas, probably also mountains of southeastern Bolívar), and all Andes of Colombia on both slopes southward to Ecuador, Peru (southward on west slope to Lima, on east slope throughout), Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (southward to Tucumán and Catamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5580B9E1",null,null,"Caraccas, Venezuela.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known species of Tanagers. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/323/mode/1up","Pipridea venezuelensis"],["33376","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pipraeidea melanonota melanonota","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"south-central and southeastern Brazil (locally southwestern Mato Grosso; and southern Bahia and eastern Minas Gerais southward to central Rio Grande do Sul), eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Misiones and northern Corrientes, northeastern Buenos Aires southward to Punta Indio), and southern Uruguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3C54C76B",null,null,"Bresil [= Rio de Janeiro] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/429/mode/1up","Tanagra melanonota"],["33377","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rauenia","Wolters, 1980","Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen pt.5 p.340",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Loxia bonariensis [Gmelin, 1789]; type by original designation",null,"Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine Systematische Lists mil Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. 5","https://archive.org/details/dievogelartender0000wolt/page/340/mode/1up?q=Rauenia","Rauenia"],["33378","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rauenia bonariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.850","Blue-and-yellow Tanager","Blue-and-yellow Tanager",null,"2025-0609","Taxon <em>darwinii </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Rauenia bonariensis</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although the male plumage of <em>darwinii </em>is distinctive, there is geographic variation within the <em>bonariensis </em>group and vocalizations are complex (Boesman 2016u). Thorough analyses of geographic variation in plumage and vocalizations, as well as genetic data, are needed.","humid and semi-humid forest and woodland, humid to dry montane scrub, and gardens and parks in the Andes from northern Ecuador southward to northern Chile, southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina; also in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil from southern Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, southward to central-eastern Argentina; southern populations migrate northward to eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil",null,null,null,"baytan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/baytan3","avibase-A27159CD",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/261/mode/1up","Loxia bonariensis"],["33379","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rauenia bonariensis darwinii","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.121",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Ecuador to northern Chile",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C8013B91",null,null,"Chile.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/293/mode/1up","Tanagra Darwinii"],["33380","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rauenia bonariensis composita","(Zimmer, 1944)","American Museum Novitates no.1262 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern and central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1A5D4C17",null,null,"Vinto, Province of Cochabamba, Bolivia; altitude 8,000 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 48..","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3742/","Thraupis bonariensis composita"],["33381","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rauenia bonariensis schulzei","(Brodkorb, 1938)","Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan no.367 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay and northwestern Argentina (southward to Mendoza and Lavalle)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4062822B",null,null,"265 kilometers west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay.","Five new Birds from the Paraguayan Chaco.","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56806","Thraupis bonariensis schulzei"],["33382","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Rauenia bonariensis bonariensis","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.850",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Brazil (Río Grande do Sul) to Uruguay and northern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-12A38A5A",null,null,"Buenos Aires.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/261/mode/1up","Loxia bonariensis"],["33383","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pseudosaltator","Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016","Zootaxa 4088 (3) 329-354",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Saltator rufiventris [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]",null,"A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)","https://mason-lab.org/resources/pdfs/Burns%20et%20al%20(2016)%20Zootaxa.pdf","Pseudosaltator"],["33384","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Pseudosaltator rufiventris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.35","Rufous-bellied Mountain Tanager","Rufous-bellied Mountain Tanager","Rufous-bellied Mountain-tanager",null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia and far northwestern Argentina (Jujuy)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723904","rubsal1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rubsal1","avibase-51DFE1EC",null,null,"Sicasica, Bolivia.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/151/mode/1up","Saltator rufiventris"],["33385","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dubusia","Bonaparte, 1850","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 31 p.424",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra selysia [Bonaparte, 1850]; type by subsequent designation (Zimmer, 1944, Am. Mus. Novitates, 1262, p. 9). = Tanagra (Tachyphonus) taeniata Boissonneau, 1840  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16573#page/434/mode/1up","Dubusia"],["33386","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dubusia castaneoventris","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.61","Chestnut-bellied Mountain Tanager","Chestnut-bellied Mountain Tanager","Chestnut-bellied Mountain-tanager",null,null,"east slope of the Andes of Peru (La Libertad to Puno) and Bolivia (La Paz to western Santa Cruz)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722686","cbmtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cbmtan1","avibase-8D39D4CB",null,null,"Bolivia.","Synopsis of the Tanagrine genus Calliste, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/301/mode/1up","Calliste castaneoventris"],["33387","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dubusia taeniata","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.57","Buff-banded Mountain Tanager","Buff-banded Mountain Tanager","Buff-banded Mountain-tanager","2025-0608","The monotypic taxa <em>carrikeri </em>and <em>stictocephala </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Dubusia taeniata</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Although vocal differences have been identified (Boesman 2016v), no formal analyses have been undertaken and vocalizations of <em>taeniata </em>are quite variable, suggesting further research is warranted. Genetic data would also be informative.","Sierra de Perijá, Andes of Venezuela (Trujillo southward to Táchira), all three ranges in Colombia (in western Andes mainly northern and southern ends, in Antioquia and Cauca), and both slopes in Ecuador and northwestern Peru (southward to Piura and northern Cajamarca north of the Marañón Valley)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103843076","bubmot3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubmot3","avibase-E9BC5A13",null,null,"Santa Fé-de-Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/67/mode/1up","Tanagra (Tachyphonus) taeniata"],["33388","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dubusia stictocephala","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1894","Ibis ser.6, vol.6, no.23 p.386","Streak-crowned Mountain Tanager","Streak-crowned Mountain Tanager","Streak-crowned Mountain-tanager","2025-0608","The monotypic taxa <em>carrikeri </em>and <em>stictocephala </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Dubusia taeniata</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Although vocal differences have been identified (Boesman 2016v), no formal analyses have been undertaken and vocalizations of <em>taeniata </em>are quite variable, suggesting further research is warranted. Genetic data would also be informative.","eastern slope of Andes in Peru from south of the Marañón Valley (Amazonas), southward to the northern end of Cordillera Vilcanota (Cusco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103843315","bubmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubmot1","avibase-FCB3C477",null,null,"Maraynioc, Dept. Junín, Peru.","Descriptions de quelques Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux du Pérou central.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55022#page/418/mode/1up","Dubusia stictocephala"],["33389","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Dubusia carrikeri","Wetmore, 1946","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106, no.16 p.11","Carriker's Mountain Tanager","Carriker's Mountain Tanager","Carriker's Mountain-tanager","2025-0608","The monotypic taxa <em>carrikeri </em>and <em>stictocephala </em>are treated as species separate from <em>Dubusia taeniata</em> based on plumage and vocalizations. Although vocal differences have been identified (Boesman 2016v), no formal analyses have been undertaken and vocalizations of <em>taeniata </em>are quite variable, suggesting further research is warranted. Genetic data would also be informative.","Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (northeastern Colombia)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103843258","bubmot4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubmot4","avibase-96D6BCC9",null,null,"Between 8,500 and 9,500 feet on the south side of the main valley of the Río Guatapuri, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Dept. Magdalena, Colombia.","New birds from Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87676#page/667/mode/1up","Dubusia carrikeri"],["33390","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis","Ridgway, 1898","The Auk 15, no.4 p.331",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aglaia cyanocephala [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by original designation",null,"Hemithraupis: -- a Correction","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol15/iss4/14/","Sporathraupis"],["33391","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.32","Blue-capped Tanager","Blue-capped Tanager","Blue-capped Tanager",null,null,"montane cloudforest and foothill forest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (eastward to Paria Peninsula) and Trinidad, and in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722549","blctan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctan2","avibase-E97657AA",null,null,"Yungas [, Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/148/mode/1up","A[glaia] cyanocephala"],["33392","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala cyanocephala","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Ecuador to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5E178039",null,null,"Yungas [, Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/148/mode/1up","A[glaia] cyanocephala"],["33393","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala annectens","(Zimmer, 1944)","American Museum Novitates no.1262 p.17",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E283D5AB",null,null,"Cerro Munchique, Coast Range west of Popayan, Colombia ; altitude 8,325 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 48..","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3742/","Thraupis cyanocephala annectens"],["33394","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala auricrissa","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.298 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of north-central Colombia and western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F70FF1A0",null,null,"'Bogotá,' Colombia.","Characters of Two New Species of Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/1051/mode/1up","Dubusia auricrissa"],["33395","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala margaritae","Chapman, 1912","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, art.16 p.165",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1F513C17",null,null,"Valparaiso, alt. 5,000 ft., Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1749","Sporathraupis cyanocephala margaritae"],["33396","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala hypophaea","Todd, 1917","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30 p.128",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northwestern Venezuela (Páramo de las Rosas in Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D71BF19",null,null,"Páramo de Rosas, [Lara, western] Venezuela.","New genera, species and subspecies of South American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22874#page/154/mode/1up","Sporathraupis cyanocephala hypophaea"],["33397","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala olivicyanea","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Aragua to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-335F6A04",null,null,"Colombie ; error, Caracas, Venezuela, substituted by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 233.","Quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/77/mode/1up","Tanagra olivi-cyanea"],["33398","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala subcinerea","(Sclater, 1861)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861, pt.2 p.129-130",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Sucre and Monagas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E8240355",null,null,"In Venezuela et ins. S. Trinitatis ; type from Venezuela, fide Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1055; restricted to Caripe, Monagas, by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12(75), p. 328.","Characters of some New Species of American Passeres.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/193/mode/1up","Tanagra subcinerea"],["33399","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Sporathraupis cyanocephala buesingi","Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1913","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 p.254",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northeastern Venezuela (Paría Peninsula) and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F4B6C32",null,null,"Aripo-Berge, Trinidad.","Über eine neue Tangare aus Trinidad.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/272/mode/1up","Sporathraupis cyanocephala büsingi"],["33400","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aglaia montana [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent designation (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 73).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/45/mode/1up","Buthraupis"],["33401","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis montana","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.32","Hooded Mountain Tanager","Hooded Mountain Tanager","Hooded Mountain-tanager",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from far southwestern Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and from northeastern Peru south of the Marañón, along the eastern Andes southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722601","homtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/homtan1","avibase-B2725161",null,null,"Yungas [, Bolivia].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/148/mode/1up","A[glaia] montana"],["33402","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis montana venezuelana","Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1989","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 43 p.15",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá (far eastern Colombian and far western Venezuela)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46BCDC73",null,null,"De Campamento, \"Frontera 2,\", Sierra de Perijá, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, cerca de la frontera con Columbia, 9 58'38\" N, 72 57'35\" W, 3000 m","Tres nuevas subespecies de aves (Picidae, Parulidae, Thraupidae) de la Sierra de Perija, Venezuela y lista hipotetica para la avifauna colombiana de Perija.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/tres-nuevas-subespecies-de-aves-picidae-parulidae-thraupidae-de-la-sierra-de-perija-venezuela-y-lista-hipotetica-para-la-avifauna-colombiana-de-perija/","Buthraupis montana venezuelana"],["33403","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis montana gigas","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.171,text",null,null,null,null,null,"southwestern Venezuela (southern Táchira) and eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83D41BCD",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Note sur les Tangaras, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles - Suite et fin.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/183/mode/1up","Dubusia gigas"],["33404","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis montana cucullata","(Jardine & Selby, 1842)","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.8 pl.43, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5376A43C",null,null,"vicinity of Buenos Ayres or Bolivia; error, Andes of Quito, Ecuador, suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 191.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/283/mode/1up","Tanagra cucullata"],["33405","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis montana cyanonota","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.342",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Amazonas to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-369ABB03",null,null,"Maraynioc [, Dept. Junín], Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/400/mode/1up","Buthraupis cucullata cyanonota"],["33406","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis montana saturata","Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13, pt.II p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3BA8886F",null,null,"Idma, Santa Ana, Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/100/mode/1up","Buthraupis cucullata saturata"],["33407","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Buthraupis montana montana","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-230F6267",null,null,"Yungas [, Bolivia].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/148/mode/1up","A[glaia] montana"],["33408","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tephrophilus","Moore, 1934","The Auk 51, no.1 p.1.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tephrophilus wetmorei [R.T. Moore, 1934]; type by original designation",null,"A New Genus and Species of Tanager from Ecuador","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol51/iss1/1/","Tephrophilus"],["33409","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tephrophilus wetmorei","Moore, 1934","The Auk 51, no.1 p.2 pl.1","Masked Mountain Tanager","Masked Mountain Tanager","Masked Mountain-tanager",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia to northwestern Peru",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722616","mamtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mamtan1","avibase-8A8F0607",null,null,"southeastern end of Culebrillas Valley, northwest (20° N. of W.) of Mt. Sangay, Ecuador.","A new genus and species of Tanager from Ecuador.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol51/iss1/1/","Tephrophilus wetmorei"],["33410","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorornis","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra riefferii [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by subsequent monotypy (Sclater, PL, 1886, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 11, p. 281).",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/179/mode/1up","Chlorornis"],["33411","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorornis riefferii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.4","Grass-green Tanager","Grass-green Tanager","Grass-green Tanager",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to west-central Ecuador and along the eastern Andes southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and the eastern Andes from northern Peru south of the Marañón, southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722150","grgtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grgtan1","avibase-C2BD666A",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/14/mode/1up","Tanagra Riefferii"],["33412","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorornis riefferii riefferii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-890299A9",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/14/mode/1up","Tanagra Riefferii"],["33413","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorornis riefferii dilutus","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.20",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A4971789",null,null,"San Pedro, south of Chachapoyas, northern Peru; altitude 8600 to 9400 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Chlorornis riefferii diluta"],["33414","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorornis riefferii elegans","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.288",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5660A676",null,null,"Peru; type from forests east of the cordillera in central Peru, fide Tschudi, 1846, Reiseskizzen aus den Jahren 1838-1842, 2, p. 254.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/296/mode/1up","S[altator] elegans"],["33415","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorornis riefferii celatus","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.21",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southeastern Peru (Puno)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9BFB2DD",null,null,"'Camp 1,' below Limbani, southeastern Peru.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Chlorornis riefferii celata"],["33416","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorornis riefferii bolivianus","(Berlepsch, 1912)","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1110, 1145",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E18CCDC",null,null,"Cillutincara, W. Bolivia.","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Psittospiza riefferi boliviana"],["33417","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemathraupis","Penard, 1919","The Auk 36, no.4 p.538",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra eximia [Boissonneau, 1840]; type by original designation",null,"Revision of the Genus Buthraupis Cabanis","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss4/12/","Cnemathraupis"],["33418","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis","(Blake & Hocking, 1974)","Wilson Bulletin 86, no.4 p.321-324","Golden-backed Mountain Tanager","Golden-backed Mountain Tanager","Golden-backed Mountain-tanager",null,null,"Andes of central Peru (eastern La Libertad to San Martín and Huánuco)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722611","gbmtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gbmtan1","avibase-CBB9458D",null,null,"Quilluacocha, Departamento Huanuno (Acomayo), Peru, elev. c. 11500 feet.","Two new species of tanager from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol86/iss4/1/","Buthraupis aureodorsalis"],["33419","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemathraupis eximia","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.66","Black-chested Mountain Tanager","Black-chested Mountain Tanager","Black-chested Mountain-tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest and elfin forest in the Andes from far southwestern Venezuela southward along the Andes of Colombia to west-central Ecuador, and in the eastern Andes southward to northernmost Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722606","bcmtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcmtan1","avibase-5B8B2C85",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/76/mode/1up","Tanagra eximia"],["33420","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemathraupis eximia eximia","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.66",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia and southwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8190F6DD",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/76/mode/1up","Tanagra eximia"],["33421","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemathraupis eximia zimmeri","(Moore, 1934)","American Museum Novitates no.715 p.2",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA807023",null,null,"Paramillo, western Andes, Antioquia, Colombia; alt. 12,500 feet.","A review of the races of Buthraupis eximia ( Boissoneau).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4502/","Buthraupis eximia zimmeri"],["33422","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemathraupis eximia chloronota","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.266 p.97-98, pl. LXIV",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Colombia (Nariño) and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A5AA8BBE",null,null,"In republ. Equatoriana.","Characters of some New or imperfectly-described Species of Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/391/mode/1up","Buthraupis chloronota"],["33423","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cnemathraupis eximia cyanocalyptra","(Moore, 1934)","American Museum Novitates no.715 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southeastern Ecuador to northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFC1F3F7",null,null,"San Luis, near Mt. Sangay, Ecuador.","A review of the races of Buthraupis eximia ( Boissoneau).","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4502/","Buthraupis eximia cyanocalyptra"],["33424","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Tanagra igniventris [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Bonaparte, 1851, Revue et Mag. de Zool., ser. 2, 3, p. 172).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/179/mode/1up","Anisognathus"],["33425","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus notabilis","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.289 p.84 pl.91","Black-chinned Mountain Tanager","Black-chinned Mountain Tanager","Black-chinned Mountain-tanager",null,null,"humid Andes of western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722651","bcmtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bcmtan2","avibase-C42E650C",null,null,"the eastern range of Cordilleras to the north of Quito [, Ecuador] .","Descriptions of four new or little-known Tanagers.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/852/mode/1up","Tanagra notabilis"],["33426","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.463","Blue-winged Mountain Tanager","Blue-winged Mountain Tanager",null,"2025-0606","Taxon <em>flavinucha </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Anisognathus somptuosus</em> (polytypic) pending further research. Although <em>flavinucha </em>is phenotypically distinct, and vocal differences have been identified (Boesman 2016x), a thorough examination of geographic patterns of variation within the remainder of the <em>A. somptuosus</em> complex is needed. Likewise, mitochondrial DNA differences are apparent (Sedano &amp; Burns 2010) but geographic sampling is limited.","humid and semi-humid montane forest and cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela and the Andes, from northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes from northeastern Peru south of the Marañón, southward to southern Bolivia",null,null,null,"bwmtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bwmtan1","avibase-1F7275CB",null,null,"no locality; type from Peru, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/501/mode/1up","Tachyphonus somptuosus"],["33427","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus venezuelanus","(Hellmayr, 1913)","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 11 Heft4 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (Yaracuy to Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C6E8C425",null,null,"Cumbre de Valencia [,Carabobo], N. -Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35434#page/337/mode/1up","Compsocoma somptuosa venezuelana"],["33428","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus virididorsalis","(Phelps & Phelps, 1949)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62 p.190",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northern Venezuela (Golfo de Triste area)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-308F7287",null,null,"Cerro Golfo Triste, Araguay, Venezuela.","Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110822#page/206/mode/1up","Compsocoma fiavinucha virididorsalis"],["33429","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus antioquiae","(Berlepsch, 1912)","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 [\"1911\"] p.1049",null,null,null,null,null,"northern part of western and central Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3FD1A6C8",null,null,"W. Colombia (Antioquia) [= Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 201].",null,null,"Compsocoma sumptuosa antioquiae"],["33430","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus victorini","(de Lafresnaye, 1842)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 5 p.336",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Colombia to southwestern Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5895644D",null,null,"Bolivia, Santa Fé de Bogotá [= Santa Fé-de-Bogotá, Colombia, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 200].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51063#page/348/mode/1up","Tach[yphonus] Victorini"],["33431","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus cyanopterus","(Cabanis, 1866)","Journal für Ornithologie 14, no.82 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of central Andes of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-62C90278",null,null,"Ecuador.","Ueber neue oder weniger bekannte exotische Vögek","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103185#page/247/mode/1up","Compsocoma cyanoptera"],["33432","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus baezae","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of southern Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AFBE92C3",null,null,"Baeza, 5000 ft., eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Compsocoma somptuosa baezae"],["33433","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus alamoris","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southwestern Ecuador (Cuenca to Loja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6A3820F7",null,null,"Alamor, 4550 ft., southwestern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Compsocoma somptuosa alamoris"],["33434","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus somptuosus","(Lesson, 1831)","Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux livr.6 p.463",null,null,null,null,null,"far southeastern Ecuador (Zamora) to eastern Peru (Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54FE6E4F",null,null,"no locality; type from Peru, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 203.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111050#page/501/mode/1up","Tachyphonus somptuosus"],["33435","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus somptuosus flavinucha","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.29",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Peru (Cusco) to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D64C0A60",null,null,"Yungas [, Bolivia].","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/145/mode/1up","T[achyphonus] flavinucha"],["33436","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus melanogenys","(Salvin & Godman, 1880)","Ibis ser.4, vol.4, no.13 p.120 pl.3","Santa Marta Mountain Tanager","Black-cheeked Mountain Tanager","Santa Marta Mountain-tanager",null,null,"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722624","bkcmot1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkcmot1","avibase-6F7590D1",null,null,"near San Sebastian (8000 ft.), Santa Marta region, Colombia.","On the Birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97642#page/144/mode/1up","Poecilothraupis melanogenys"],["33437","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus igniventris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.32","Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager","Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager",null,"2025-0607","Taxon <em>lunulatus </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Anisognathus igniventris</em> based on available evidence. Plumage differences seem minor, apparent vocal differences have not been thoroughly documented (Boesman 2016w), and mitochondrial DNA divergence (Sedano &amp; Burns 2010; Freeman et al. 2023) is comparable to that found between other subspecies in this complex; however, more thorough geographic and genetic sampling could be informative.","humid to semi-humid montane forest, elfin forest, and treeline in the Andes from far southwestern Venezuela southward to east-central Colombia, and in the western and central Andes of Colombia southward to central Bolivia",null,null,null,"sbmtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sbmtan1","avibase-9FCCD579",null,null,"Apolobamba [,Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/148/mode/1up","A[glaia] igniventris"],["33438","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus igniventris lunulatus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1839)","Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 7, pt.1 p.439, pl. col.",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of north-central Colombia and western Venezuela (Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-46022903",null,null,"la province d'Honduras; error, Bogotá [, Colombia] substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1044.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53797#page/471/mode/1up","Tanagra lunulata"],["33439","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus igniventris erythrotus","(Jardine & Selby, 1840)","Illustrations of ornithology. New Series pt.7 pl.36, with text",null,null,null,null,null,"central Andes of southern Colombia and Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-92B79B4D",null,null,"somewhere near or in the district of Buenos Ayres; error, Andes near Quito, Ecuador, suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 183.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/333450#page/241/mode/1up","Aglaia erythrotus"],["33440","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus igniventris ignicrissa","(Cabanis, 1873)","Journal für Ornithologie 21, no.123 p.317",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23ED8B2A",null,null,"Maraynioc [Junín, Peru] .","[Über eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101685#page/329/mode/1up","Poecilothraupis ignicrissa"],["33441","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus igniventris igniventris","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.32",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco) to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-87EA6535",null,null,"Apolobamba [,Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/148/mode/1up","A[glaia] igniventris"],["33442","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1846)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.2 pl.10","Lacrimose Mountain Tanager","Lacrimose Mountain Tanager","Lacrimose Mountain-tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest, elfin forest and treeline scrub in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to southern Colombia, and along the eastern Andes southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón and the eastern Andes south of the Marañón, southward to southeastern Peru",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722630","lamtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lamtan1","avibase-11BC1FFE",null,null,"Pérou; Maraynioc suggested by Zimmer, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1262, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/220129#page/51/mode/1up","Tachyphonus lacrymosus"],["33443","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus pallididorsalis","Phelps & Phelps, 1952","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 p.99",null,null,null,null,null,"Sierra de Perijá",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-907B5369",null,null,"Frontera, Río Negro, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia, Venezuela; 2900 meters.","Nine new birds from the Perija Mountains and eleven extensions of ranges to Venezuela.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107526#page/297/mode/1up","Anisognathus lacrymosus pallididorsalis"],["33444","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus melanops","(Berlepsch, 1893)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 1 p.11",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida, and Táchira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7D4F5627",null,null,"Mérida, Venezuela.","Diagnosen neuer südamerikanischer Vogelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101392#page/25/mode/1up","Poecilothraupis palpebrosa melanops"],["33445","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus tamae","(Phelps & Gilliard, 1941)","American Museum Novitates no.1153 p.12",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of north-central Colombia and southwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-722D113B",null,null,"Páramo de Tama [, Táchira, Venezuela] , 3000 meters.","Seventeen new Birds from Venezuela.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5155/","Poecilothraupis lacrymosa tamae"],["33446","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus yariguierum","Donegan & Avendaño, 2010","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 130, no.1 p.16 [13-32]",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Serranía de los Yariguíes, Santander)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A7140B1D",null,null,"páramo at Filo Pamplona above Finca La Aurora, municipality of Galan, dpto. Santander, Colombia (06°38’18”N, 73°24'32’W; 3,200 m) by Jorge Enrique Avendano on 22 June 2008","A new subspecies of mountain tanager in the Anisognathus lacrymosus complex from the Yariguíes Mountains of Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182902#page/20/mode/1up","Anisognathus lacrymosus yariguierum"],["33447","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus intensus","Meyer de Schauensee, 1951","Notulae Naturae 232 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of western Andes of southwestern Colombia (Valle and Cauca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B52B25C3",null,null,"east slope of Cerro Munchique, 1900 m., Cauca, Colombia.","Colombian Zoological Survey, Part VIII. On birds from Nariño, Colombia, with the description of four new subspecies.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_qnekvx9kAeQC/page/n3","Anisognathus lachrymosus intensus"],["33448","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus olivaceiceps","(Berlepsch, 1912)","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1045, 1135",null,null,null,null,null,"northern part of western and central Andes of Colombia (southward to Quindío)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA6F1EBA",null,null,"Sta. Elena, Antioquia [, Colombia].","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Poecilothraupis palpebrosa olivaceiceps"],["33449","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus palpebrosus","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.71",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia (Nariño) and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E570D231",null,null,"Pasto in Peruvia [= Pasto, Colombia] .","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/79/mode/1up","Tanagra palpebrosa"],["33450","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus caerulescens","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of southern Ecuador (Loja) to northern Peru (Cajamarca and Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66605177",null,null,"Cutervo [,Cajamarca], Peru, fide Zimmer, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1262, pp. 5-6.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/124/mode/1up","[Poecilothraupis palpebrosa] caerulescens"],["33451","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Anisognathus lacrymosus lacrymosus","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1846)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.2 pl.10",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Peru (La Libertad to Junín and northern Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B7E7A375",null,null,"Pérou; Maraynioc suggested by Zimmer, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1262, p. 6.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/220129#page/51/mode/1up","Tachyphonus lacrymosus"],["33452","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorochrysa","Bonaparte, 1851","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Callospiza calliparaea [von Tschudi, 1844]; type by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1851, Revue et Mag. de Zool., ser. 2, 3, p. 129).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/86/mode/1up","Chlorochrysa"],["33453","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorochrysa phoenicotis","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.76","Glistening-green Tanager","Glistening-green Tanager","Glistening-green Tanager",null,null,"Andes of western Colombia and western Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722793","glgtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glgtan1","avibase-DC50B0C2",null,null,"Ecuador ; type from Nanegal, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 74.","Note sur les TANGARAS, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/86/mode/1up","Calliste phoenicotis"],["33454","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorochrysa nitidissima","Sclater, 1874","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873, pt.3 p.728","Multicolored Tanager","Multicolored Tanager","Multicolored Tanager",null,null,"locally in Andes of western Colombia",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722799","multan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/multan1","avibase-2920E66B",null,null,"State of Antioquia, Colombia.","[Characters of two new species of birds obtained by Mr. Salmon in the State of Antioquia, Columbia].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90422#page/876/mode/1up","Chlorochrysa nitidissima"],["33455","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorochrysa calliparaea","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.286","Orange-eared Tanager","Orange-eared Tanager",null,"2025-0610","Taxon <em>fulgentissima </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Chlorochrysa calliparaea</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although the plumage of <em>fulgentissima </em>differs noticeably from subspecies <em>bourcieri</em>, the plumage of nominate <em>calliparaea </em>is intermediate between these two (Hellmayr 1936; Zimmer 1943a). Analyses of genetic and vocal data may shed light on species limits in this group.","montane cloudforest in the western Andes from northern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,"oretan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oretan1","avibase-E8B48699",null,null,"Peru; type from 'Chinchon forests/' Junín, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 76.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/294/mode/1up","C[allospiza] calliparaea"],["33456","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorochrysa calliparaea bourcieri","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32, no.3 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes in western Venezuela (on the Mérida-Barinas border); central Colombia (west slope of the eastern Andes in Cundinamarca southward to the head of the Magdalena Valley in Huila); east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (northward to Caquetá) southward to central Peru (southward to Huallaga Valley in Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-05611B18",null,null,"Ecuador.","Note sur les TANGARAS, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/86/mode/1up","Calliste Bourcieri"],["33457","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorochrysa calliparaea calliparaea","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of south-central Peru (Pasco southward to Apurímac Valley in western Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7C382926",null,null,"Peru; type from 'Chinchon forests/' Junín, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 76.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/294/mode/1up","C[allospiza] calliparaea"],["33458","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chlorochrysa calliparaea fulgentissima","Chapman, 1901","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 14, art.19 p.225",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of Andes of southern Peru (from eastern Cusco) southward to Bolivia (southward to northwestern Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-178A3A39",null,null,"Inca Mine [= Santo Domingo, Marcapata], southeastern Peru.","Descriptions of six apparently new birds from Peru.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/726","Chlorochrysa fulgentissima"],["33459","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Neothraupis","Hellmayr, 1936","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 13, pt.9 p.432",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra fasciata [Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823]; type by original designation",null,"Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Part IX. Terpsinidae-Thraupidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21244#page/446/mode/1up","Neothraupis"],["33460","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Neothraupis fasciata","(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.32","Shrike-like Tanager","White-banded Tanager","White-banded Tanager",null,null,"eastern Bolivia to northeastern Paraguay and campos of eastern and southern Brazil",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722126","whbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whbtan1","avibase-218F91B6",null,null,"São Paulo [, Brazil] .",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89675#page/52/mode/1up","T[anagra] fasciata"],["33461","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lophospingus","Cabanis, 1878","Journal für Ornithologie 26, no.142 p.195",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Gubernatrix pusilla [Burmeister, 1860]; type by original designation",null,"Ueber eine Sammlung von Vögeln der Argentinischen Republik","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102855#page/207/mode/1up","Lophospingus"],["33462","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lophospingus griseocristatus","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1838)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.79","Grey-crested Finch","Gray-crested Finch","Grey-crested Finch",null,null,"arid Andes of southeastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723140","gycfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gycfin1","avibase-065F5150",null,null,"Cochabamba, Grande-Vallee, Bolivia'; herewith restricted to Valle ^^^ Grande, Santa Cruz.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/195/mode/1up","Emberiza griseo-cristata"],["33463","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Lophospingus pusillus","(Burmeister, 1860)","Journal für Ornithologie 8, no.46 p.254","Black-crested Finch","Black-crested Finch","Black-crested Finch",null,null,"Chaco of southeastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723137","blcfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blcfin1","avibase-AD0D014C",null,null,"Tucumán, Argentina.","Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den La Plata-Staaten beobachten Vögelarten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101709#page/266/mode/1up","Gubernatrix pusilla"],["33464","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Gubernatrix","Lesson, 1837","Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, ou histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts par les naturalistes et les voyageurs depuis la mort de Buffon 8 p.295",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza gubernatrix [Temminck, 1821]; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Coccothraustes cristata Vieillot, 1817  ",null,null,null,"Gubernatrix"],["33465","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Gubernatrix cristata","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 13 p.531","Yellow Cardinal","Yellow Cardinal","Yellow Cardinal",null,null,"far southeastern Brazil and Uruguay to northern Argentina",null,"EN","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721578","yelcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yelcar1","avibase-94DA257C",null,null,"lat. 29° S., Argentina; types from Corrientes, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 57.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60159#page/555/mode/1up","Coccothraustes cristata"],["33466","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diuca","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxviii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Emberiza speculifera [d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837]; type by subsequent monotypy (Gray, GR, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 79).   ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/181/mode/1up","Diuca"],["33467","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diuca diuca","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.249","Diuca Finch","Diuca Finch","Diuca Finch",null,null,"arid lowland and montane scrub, Prosopis woodland, desert scrub, and cultivated fields in the southern Andes of Bolivia and from northern Chile and northwestern Argentina southward to the northern part of Tierra del Fuego; migrates northward to northeastern Argentina and adjacent Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723174","codfin1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/codfin1","avibase-4DF5197A",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=250&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Fringilla Diuca"],["33468","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diuca diuca crassirostris","Hellmayr, 1932","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series 19 p.74",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Chile (Antofagasta southward to Coquimbo), far southern Bolivia (southeastern Potosí), and northern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta southward to La Rioja)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-67FE1BDF",null,null,"Ramadilla, Capiapo Valley, Atacama, Chile.","The Birds of Chile.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20866#page/82/mode/1up","Diuca diuca crassirostris"],["33469","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diuca diuca diuca","(Molina, 1782)","Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili p.249",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central Chile and central Argentina; also introduced on Rapa Nui (this subspecies?)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D29AEC38",null,null,"Chile.",null,"https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9635/?offset=#page=250&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=","Fringilla Diuca"],["33470","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diuca diuca chiloensis","Philippi Bañados & Peña, 1964","Las Aves de Chile: Su conocimiento y sus costumbres p.447",null,null,null,null,null,"Chiloé Island (off western Chile)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8E038740",null,null,"eastern central coast of Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile.",null,null,"Diuca diuca chiloensis"],["33471","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Diuca diuca minor","Bonaparte, 1850","Conspectus generum avium 1 p.476",null,null,null,null,null,"Argentina (Córdoba to Santa Cruz); winters to southeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-89AF76B3",null,null,"Patagonia ; restricted to Río Negro, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field. Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 339.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141467#page/736/mode/1up","Diuca minor"],["33472","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stephanophorus","Strickland, 1841","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.9, no.99 p.30",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Pyrrhula caerulea [Vieillot, 1822]; type by monotypy = Tanagra diademata Temminck, 1823",null,"On some new genera of Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96442#page/42/mode/1up","Stephanophorus"],["33473","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stephanophorus diadematus","(Temminck, 1823)","Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.41, vol.3 pl.243","Diademed Tanager","Diademed Tanager","Diademed Tanager",null,null,"Paraguay to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722656","diatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/diatan1","avibase-F57B8D02",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Curitiba, Paraná, by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo) , pt. 2, p. 485.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112979#page/411/mode/1up","Tanagra diademata"],["33474","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cissopis","Vieillot, 1816","Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.40",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Lanius leverianus [Gmelin, JF, 1788]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f46.item","Cissopis"],["33475","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cissopis leverianus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.302","Magpie Tanager","Magpie Tanager","Magpie Tanager",null,null,"eastern Colombia to southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, Amazonian Brazil, and Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and adjacent northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722142","magtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/magtan2","avibase-7766CC3C",null,null,"no locality; Cayenne suggested by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/314/mode/1up","Lanius leverianus"],["33476","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cissopis leverianus leverianus","(Gmelin, 1788)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I [pars I] p.302",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia to southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8930F19F",null,null,"no locality; Cayenne suggested by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 24.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285#page/314/mode/1up","Lanius leverianus"],["33477","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Cissopis leverianus major","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.144",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and adjacent northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0ACCBDC9",null,null,"Brasil; Rio de Janeiro suggested by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 540.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/160/mode/1up","C[issopis] major"],["33478","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys","Reichenbach, 1850","Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grösstentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Vorlaüfer einer Iconographie der Arten der Vögel aller Welttheile pl.lxxvii",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra capistrata [zu Wied-Neuwied, 1821]; type by subsequent monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183486#page/179/mode/1up","Schistochlamys"],["33479","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys ruficapillus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.108","Cinnamon Tanager","Cinnamon Tanager","Cinnamon Tanager",null,null,"eastern Brazil (southern Pará, central Maranhão, and Pernambuco southward to Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722120","cintan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cintan1","avibase-6241BAEB",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale; Rio de Janeiro designated by Hellmayr, 1920, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 14, p. 282.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/122/mode/1up","Saltator ruficapillus"],["33480","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys ruficapillus capistrata","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.179, note",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Pará to Maranhão and Bahia (eastern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-386908D8",null,null,"Fazenda Ilha, [approximately 20 km. from Ressaca, southern Bahia, Brazil, vide Bokermann, 1957, Arq. Zool. São Paulo, 10, p. 236].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/587/mode/1up","Tanagra capistrata"],["33481","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys ruficapillus sicki","Pinto & Camargo, 1952","Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 10 (11) p.218",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Mato Grosso (central Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-51D94F30",null,null,"Chavantina (Rio das Mortes, Estado de Mato Grosso) [, Brazil].","Nova contribuição à ornitologia do Rio das Mortes. Resultados do Expedição conjunta de Instituta Bantantan e Departamentida Zoologica.","https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/208534","Schistochlamys ruficapillus sicki"],["33482","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys ruficapillus ruficapillus","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.108",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Minas Gerais to eastern Paraná (southeastern Brazil); also reported eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F4C29064",null,null,"L'Amérique méridionale; Rio de Janeiro designated by Hellmayr, 1920, Verh. Ornith. Ges. Bayern, 14, p. 282.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/122/mode/1up","Saltator ruficapillus"],["33483","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys melanopis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.422","Black-faced Tanager","Black-faced Tanager","Black-faced Tanager",null,null,"northeastern Colombia to Venezuela, western Guyana, Amazonian and southeastern Brazil (Brazil south of the Amazon River eastward to northern Ceará, then southward to Mato Grosso, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, and up eastern coast to Pernambuco), and Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722123","blftan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blftan1","avibase-C78F3803",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/444/mode/1up","T[anagra] melanopis"],["33484","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys melanopis aterrima","Todd, 1912","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Colombia to Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil (Cerro Uei-tepui)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-005AC95B",null,null,"Guarico, Estado Lara, Venezuela.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/243/mode/1up","Schistochlamys atra aterrima"],["33485","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys melanopis melanopis","(Latham, 1790)","Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.422",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Guyana to Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3890D232",null,null,"Guiana.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/226470#page/444/mode/1up","T[anagra] melanopis"],["33486","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys melanopis grisea","Cory, 1916","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.346",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical central Andes of Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F19D025D",null,null,"Rioja, [northern] Peru.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/18/mode/1up","Schistochlamys atra grisea"],["33487","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys melanopis olivina","(Sclater, 1865)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, pt.3 p.607",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Bolivia to Paraguay and south-central Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2845BA80",null,null,"Cuyabá [, Mato Grosso], Brazil.","Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds discovered by the late Dr. John Natterer in Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90417#page/709/mode/1up","Tanagra olivina"],["33488","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Schistochlamys melanopis amazonica","Zimmer, 1947","American Museum Novitates no.1367 p.24",null,null,null,null,null,"Amazonian and southeastern Brazil (Brazil south of the Amazon River eastward to northern Ceará, then southward to Mato Grosso, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, and up eastern coast to Pernambuco); recorded in Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-73B6E083",null,null,"Santarem, Rio Tapajoz [=Rio Tapajós], Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 52. The genera Sericossypha, Chlorospingus, Cnemoscopus, Hemispingus, Conothraupis, Chlorornis, Lamprospiza, Cissopis and Schistochlamys.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4251/","Schistochlamys melanopis amazonica"],["33489","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria","Bonaparte, 1832","Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 52 p.206",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Fringilla cucullata [Vieillot]; type by original designation = Loxia coronata J.F. Miller, 1776  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38301#page/212/mode/1up","Paroaria"],["33490","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria dominicana","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.172","Red-cowled Cardinal","Red-cowled Cardinal","Red-cowled Cardinal",null,null,"forest of northeastern Brazil (Maranhão to Minas Gerais)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721587","reccar2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccar2","avibase-37DD749C",null,null,"Brazil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/191/mode/1up","Loxia dominicana"],["33491","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria coronata","(Miller, 1776)","Icones Animalium: Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals and many curious plants, with the parts of fructification of each plant, all of which are drawn and coloured from nature pt.1 pl.2","Red-crested Cardinal","Red-crested Cardinal","Red-crested Cardinal",null,null,"Bolivia to central Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and far southeastern Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721582","reccar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccar","avibase-03CE3B88",null,null,"no type locality; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, designated by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 602.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196473#page/13/mode/1up","Loxia coronata"],["33492","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria nigrogenis","(de Lafresnaye, 1846)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 9 p.273","Masked Cardinal","Masked Cardinal","Masked Cardinal",null,null,"northeastern Colombia (southward to northern Meta and eastern Vichada), Venezuela (except far southern), and Trinidad",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736357","reccar3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccar3","avibase-D3859FE2",null,null,"mouth of the Orinoco, Venezuela.","Sur quelques oiseaux nouveaux de l'embouchure de l'Orénoque.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19647#page/287/mode/1up","Nemosia nigro-genis"],["33493","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria baeri","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.43","Crimson-fronted Cardinal","Crimson-fronted Cardinal","Crimson-fronted Cardinal",null,null,"riparian forest of central Brazil (middle to upper Rio Araguaia and upper Rio Xingu, from western Tocantins and adjacent Pará southward to southwestern Goias and southeastern Mato Grosso)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721597","crfcar1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/crfcar1","avibase-2D96ABDD",null,null,"Rio Araguaya [near Leopoldina, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 65], Goiás.","Description of a new species of Cardinal (Paroaria baeri) from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/467/mode/1up","Paroaria baeri"],["33494","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria baeri baeri","Hellmayr, 1907","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.43",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (western Goiás and adjacent northeastern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-021765CD",null,null,"Rio Araguaya [near Leopoldina, fide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 65], Goiás.","Description of a new species of Cardinal (Paroaria baeri) from Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100946#page/467/mode/1up","Paroaria baeri"],["33495","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria baeri xinguensis","Sick, 1950","Revista Brasileria de Biologia 10 p.465",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (upper Rio Xingu in northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-385CAA8B",null,null,"Camp Iauarun, lat. 11°25' S., long. 53°r W., upper Rio Xingu, Mato Grosso.",null,null,"Paroaria baeri xinguensis"],["33496","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria capitata","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.29","Yellow-billed Cardinal","Yellow-billed Cardinal","Yellow-billed Cardinal",null,null,"shrubby grasslands, wooded marshes, thickets on lake and river shores from south-central and southeastern Brazil (in southern Mato Grosso and southern Goiás), southward across Paraguay and easternmost Bolivia to northern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22721602","yebcar","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebcar","avibase-E7AC0F28",null,null,"Corrientes, Argentina.","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/145/mode/1up","Tachyphonus capitatus"],["33497","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria gularis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316","Red-capped Cardinal","Red-capped Cardinal","Red-capped Cardinal",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, Peru, Amazonian Brazil, and northern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736352","reccar4","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/reccar4","avibase-5617D13D",null,null,"America ; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 122.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra gularis"],["33498","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria gularis gularis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, Peru, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DD10A2D0",null,null,"America ; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 122.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra gularis"],["33499","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Paroaria gularis cervicalis","Sclater, 1862","Catalogue of a collection of American birds p.108 & footnote *",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Bolivia and adjacent Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-09126578",null,null,"Bolivia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47708#page/238/mode/1up","Paroaria cervicalis"],["33500","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Wetmorethraupis","Lowery & O'Neill, 1964","The Auk 81, no.2 p.125",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron [Lowery & O'Neill, 1964]; type by original designation and monotypy",null,"A New Genus and Species of Tanager from Peru","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol81/iss2/1/","Wetmorethraupis"],["33501","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron","Lowery & O'Neill, 1964","The Auk 81, no.2 p.126","Orange-throated Tanager","Orange-throated Tanager","Orange-throated Tanager",null,null,"Río Marañón drainage in southeastern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern Peru (northern Amazonas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722621","orttan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/orttan1","avibase-1734388D",null,null,"Chavez Valdivia, near confluence of the Río Comaina and the Río Cenepa, lat. 4° 26' S., long. 78° 11' W., Depto. Amazonas, Peru.","A new genus and species of tanager from Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol81/iss2/1/","Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron"],["33502","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia","Penard, 1919","The Auk 36, no.4 p.539",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Buthraupis caeruleigularis [Ridgway, 1893]; type by original designation",null,"Revision of the Genus Buthraupis Cabanis","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol36/iss4/12/","Bangsia"],["33503","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia flavovirens","(Lawrence, 1867)","Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8 p.467","Yellow-green Tanager","Yellow-green Tanager","Yellow-green Tanager",null,null,"locally in humid western Andes of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722198","ygbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ygbtan1","avibase-0D919D11",null,null,"Ecuador.","Descriptions of new species of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54331#page/487/mode/1up","Buarremon flavovirens"],["33504","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia arcaei","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.439 pl.31","Blue-and-gold Tanager","Blue-and-gold Tanager","Blue-and-gold Tanager",null,null,"foothill forest and edge of Caribbean slope from northwestern to central Costa Rica, and disjunctly western Panama and far northwestern Colombia (Cerro Tacarcuna area)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722558","bagtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bagtan1","avibase-B005C25F",null,null,"Cordillera del Chucu, Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of three new Species of Tanagers from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/527/mode/1up","Buthraupis arcaei"],["33505","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia arcaei caeruleigularis","(Ridgway, 1893)","Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, no.956 p.609",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica (far southeastern Guanacaste southward to Cartago, including slopes of volcanoes Turrialba, Irazú, Barba, and Poás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C51E0F5E",null,null,"Buena Vista [, San Carlos River], Costa Rica.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53716#page/765/mode/1up","Buthraupis caeruleigularis"],["33506","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia arcaei arcaei","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.439 pl.31",null,null,null,null,null,"Panama (locally in central Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, and both slopes in Veraguas eastward to Coclé, and patchily in vicinity of Cerro Jefe and Cerro Brewster, in western San Blas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-CF0060BB",null,null,"Cordillera del Chucu, Veraguas, Panama.","Descriptions of three new Species of Tanagers from Veragua.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/527/mode/1up","Buthraupis arcaei"],["33507","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia edwardsi","(Elliot, 1865)","Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 1, fasc.4 p.77 pl.4 fig.2","Moss-backed Tanager","Moss-backed Tanager","Moss-backed Tanager",null,null,"Andean foothills of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722584","mobtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mobtan1","avibase-5C7EE0EE",null,null,"Nouvelle-Grenade [= Colombia] .","Rapport sur quelques acquisitions nouvelles faites par la Galerie ornithologique du Muséum adressé à l'Assemblée des Professeurs-administrateurs, le 17 octobre 1865.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49413#page/405/mode/1up","Buthraupis edwardsi"],["33508","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia aureocincta","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.111","Gold-ringed Tanager","Gold-ringed Tanager","Gold-ringed Tanager",null,null,"Pacific slope of western Andes of Colombia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722592","gortan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gortan1","avibase-E6653E57",null,null,"Tatama Mountain, Chocó, W. Colombia, 6700 feet.","Description of two new species of Tanagers from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/383/mode/1up","Buthraupis aureocincta"],["33509","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia rothschildi","(Berlepsch, 1897)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 7 p.3","Golden-chested Tanager","Golden-chested Tanager","Golden-chested Tanager",null,null,"Andes of western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722576","goctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goctan1","avibase-26D354A0",null,null,"Cachabe, N. W. Ecuador (500 feet) [= Cachavi, Prov. Esmeraldas].","[Exhibition of a new Tanager from North-western Ecuador].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/441/mode/1up","Buthraupis rothschildi"],["33510","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Bangsia melanochlamys","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25 p.112","Black-and-gold Tanager","Black-and-gold Tanager","Black-and-gold Tanager",null,null,"central and western Andes of Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722567","bagtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bagtan2","avibase-44CDF1D4",null,null,"La Selva, Río Jamaraya, San Juan, slopes of Colombia, 4,800 ft.","Description of two new species of Tanagers from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/120095#page/384/mode/1up","Buthraupis melanochlamys"],["33511","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara","Brisson, 1760","Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates 3 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Aglaia paradisea [Swainson, 1837]; type by tautonymy = Aglaia paradisea Swainson, 1837  ",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110951#page/17/mode/1up","Tangara"],["33512","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanotis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.294","Blue-browed Tanager","Blue-browed Tanager","Blue-browed Tanager",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the eastern Andes from east-central Colombia southward to northernmost Peru, and northeastern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722912","blbtan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtan3","avibase-45F0E18E",null,null,"from some district in the interior of Peru . . . from the neighbourhood bordering on Bolivia ; according to Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 119, type may have come from the Yungas of La Paz.","On some New or little-known Species of Tanagers from the Collection of M. Verreaux of Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/378/mode/1up","Calliste cyanotis"],["33513","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanotis lutleyi","Hellmayr, 1917","Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 13 Heft2 p.198",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Colombia to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-69949C94",null,null,"Río Napo, Ecuador",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35495#page/208/mode/1up","Tangara lutleyi"],["33514","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanotis cyanotis","(Sclater, 1858)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.26, no.365 p.294",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EA974506",null,null,"from some district in the interior of Peru . . . from the neighbourhood bordering on Bolivia ; according to Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 119, type may have come from the Yungas of La Paz.","On some New or little-known Species of Tanagers from the Collection of M. Verreaux of Paris.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100585#page/378/mode/1up","Calliste cyanotis"],["33515","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara rufigenis","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.320 p.311","Rufous-cheeked Tanager","Rufous-cheeked Tanager","Rufous-cheeked Tanager",null,null,"coastal mountains of northern Venezuela (southern Lara to Distrito Federal)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722903","ructan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ructan2","avibase-64E9CBDB",null,null,"Venezuela; Caracas suggested by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12(75), p. 319.","On a New Tanager of the Genus Calliste.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/373/mode/1up","Calliste rufigenis"],["33516","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara labradorides","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.67","Metallic-green Tanager","Metallic-green Tanager","Metallic-green Tanager",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to northwestern Ecuador and in the eastern Andes of southeastern Ecuador (central Morona Santiago) southward to northern Peru, north and south of the Río Marañón",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722909","megtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/megtan1","avibase-19CC72C9",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [Colombia] .","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/77/mode/1up","Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides"],["33517","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara labradorides labradorides","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.67",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia (both slopes of western and central Andes southward from Antioquia, west slope of eastern range southward from Santander, also local on eastern slope at Cundinamarca, both slopes in Cauca and Nariño), Ecuador (west slope southward to Pichincha, and very locally east slope southward to Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe), and northern Peru (Cajamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-23D682F5",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [Colombia] .","Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/77/mode/1up","Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides"],["33518","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara labradorides chaupensis","Chapman, 1925","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Peru (east slope of Andes in Amazonas and northern San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FA5E9BE",null,null,"Chaupe, 6100 ft., northeast of Huancabamba, northern Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Tangara labradorides chaupensis"],["33519","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara vassorii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.4","Blue-and-black Tanager","Blue-and-black Tanager",null,"2025-0603","Taxon <em>atrocoerulea </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Tangara vassorii</em> (polytypic) based on the intermediacy of plumage in subspecies <em>branickii </em>and possible clinality. Supporting information from range-wide studies of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics is needed.","montane cloudforest, elfin forest, and treeline in the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru, and in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to central Bolivia",null,null,null,"babtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/babtan1","avibase-26BE0F1E",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia] .","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/14/mode/1up","Tanagra (Euphone?) Vassorii"],["33520","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara vassorii vassorii","(Boissonneau, 1840)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3 p.4",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northwestern Venezuela, Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C6F1FB0",null,null,"Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia] .","Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713#page/14/mode/1up","Tanagra (Euphone?) Vassorii"],["33521","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara vassorii branickii","(Taczanowski, 1882)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882, pt.1 p.10-11, pl. I, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of northern and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8905877C",null,null,"Tamiapampa, Peru.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91167#page/46/mode/1up","Diva branickii"],["33522","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara vassorii atrocoerulea","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Peru (Huánuco) to western Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-52480FB6",null,null,"Peru; restricted to Chilpes by Zimmer, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1246, p. 12.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/293/mode/1up","P[rocnopis] atrocoerulea"],["33523","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara nigroviridis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.69","Beryl-spangled Tanager","Beryl-spangled Tanager","Beryl-spangled Tanager",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of north-central Venezuela, Sierra de Perijá, the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes from northern Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722930","bestan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bestan1","avibase-D311DF97",null,null,"'Bogotá.","Quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/77/mode/1up","T[anagra] nigroviridis"],["33524","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara nigroviridis cyanescens","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.316 p.260",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to northern Venezuela and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D67F875B",null,null,"Venezuela, Caraccas; and Colonia de Tovar, alt. 8000 feet; type from Colonia de Tovar, near Caracas, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 168.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known species of Tanagers. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/318/mode/1up","Calliste cyanescens"],["33525","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara nigroviridis nigroviridis","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.69",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of Colombia and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F45B8A91",null,null,"'Bogotá.","Quelques Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/77/mode/1up","T[anagra] nigroviridis"],["33526","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara nigroviridis lozanoana","Aveledo Hostos & Pérez Chinchilla, 1994","Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 44 p.251",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of Venezuela (Táchira, Mérida, Zulia, and Lara)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-19DF7875",null,null,"De Hacienda la Providencia, Río Chiquito, Estado Táchira, Venezuela; altura 1.800 m.","Descripcion de nueve subespecies nuevas y comentarios sobre dos especies de aves de Venezuela.","https://www.fundacionwhphelps.org/doc/descripcion-de-nueve-subespecies-nuevas-y-comentarios-sobre-dos-especies-de-aves-de-venezuela/","Tangara nigroviridis lozanoana"],["33527","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara nigroviridis berlepschi","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 1 p.469",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FEF6A632",null,null,"Auquimarca [Junín], Tambillo [, Jaen], and Cosñipata [, Cuzco], Peru; type from Tambillo, fide Sztolcman and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat, 6, p. 182.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/479/mode/1up","Calliste nigriviridis Berlepschi"],["33528","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara dowii","(Salvin, 1863)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, pt.2 p.168","Spangle-cheeked Tanager","Spangle-cheeked Tanager","Spangle-cheeked Tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722924","spctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spctan1","avibase-62437D68",null,null,"San Jose [= Rancho Redondo de San Jose] , Costa Rica.","On a New Species of Calliste from Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96445#page/232/mode/1up","Calliste dowii"],["33529","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara fucosa","Nelson, 1912","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no.3 p.17","Green-naped Tanager","Green-naped Tanager","Green-naped Tanager",null,null,"highlands of far eastern Panama (Darién) and adjacent Colombia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722927","grntan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grntan1","avibase-7F583873",null,null,"Mount Pirri (at 5,000 feet altitude) near head of Río Limon, eastern Panama.","Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35814#page/59/mode/1up","Tangara fucosus"],["33530","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara lavinia","(Cassin, 1858)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.178","Rufous-winged Tanager","Rufous-winged Tanager","Rufous-winged Tanager",null,null,"foothill forest and edge from Caribbean slope of northern Honduras through Panama; also western slope in Darién and through Chocó of western Colombia and northern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722881","ruwtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruwtan1","avibase-7C975BC2",null,null,"Isthmus of Darien, New Grenada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/198/mode/1up","Calliste Lavinia"],["33531","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara lavinia cara","(Bangs, 1905)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 18 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"Honduras to Nicaragua and Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A060C312",null,null,"Ceiba, Honduras.","Description of seven new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19435#page/173/mode/1up","Calospiza lavinia cara"],["33532","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara lavinia dalmasi","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie Tome 1, 2ème Année, no.11 p.162",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical western Panama (Chiriquí and Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DFAC442",null,null,"Veragua [,western Panama].","Notes sur quelques oiseaux de l'Amérique tropicale.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/212/mode/1up","Calospiza lavinia dalmasi"],["33533","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara lavinia lavinia","(Cassin, 1858)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10 p.178",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador; Isla Gorgona",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-735A4228",null,null,"Isthmus of Darien, New Grenada.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/183045#page/198/mode/1up","Calliste Lavinia"],["33534","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181","Bay-headed Tanager","Bay-headed Tanager","Bay-headed Tanager",null,null,"humid forest, borders, and adjacent gardens in the mountains of Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; in the foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perijá eastward across the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela to Trinidad, and in the foothills of the Andes from northern Colombia and western Venezuela southward to central Bolivia; in western Ecuador down to the Pacific lowlands; east of the Andes from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and south-central Brazil, in northern Mato Grosso, but apparently absent from the western Amazon in Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722878","bahtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bahtan1","avibase-AB916568",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla Gyrola"],["33535","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola bangsi","(Hellmayr, 1911)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1911, pt.4 p.1105",null,null,null,null,null,"humid tropical and subtropical Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-542900AF",null,null,"Boquete, Chiriquí, 3500 feet [, Panama].","A Contribution to the Ornithology of Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98513#page/717/mode/1up","C[alospiza] gyroloides bangsi"],["33536","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola deleticia","(Bangs, 1908)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21 p.160",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) and western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0979EB8B",null,null,"San Antonio, western [Andes of] Colombia, (altitude 1,600 feet).","Notes on birds from Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22870#page/204/mode/1up","Calospiza gyroloides deleticia"],["33537","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola nupera","Bangs, 1917","Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 6 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"far southwestern Colombia (Nariño), western Ecuador, and far northwestern Peru (Tumbes)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-84649A0E",null,null,"Nanegal, western Ecuador.","Notes on the geographical races of Tangara gyroloides.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45441#page/86/mode/1up","Tangara gyroloides nupera"],["33538","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola toddi","Bangs & Penard, 1921","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BE9B8FEA",null,null,"Colombia : San Francisco, Santa Marta Mountains.","Descriptions of six new subspecies of American birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22866#page/116/mode/1up","Tangara viridissima toddi"],["33539","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola viridissima","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.277 (text)",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-81A1FC75",null,null,"no locality ; Trinidad suggested by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 14.","Sur les Tanagras gyrola Gmel. (Rouverdin Vieillot) et Zena Gmel. (Bahamensis Brisson) et quelques nouvelles espèces voisines faciles à confondre avec elles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/285/mode/1up","Aglaia viridissima"],["33540","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola catharinae","(Hellmayr, 1911)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1911, pt.4 p.1106",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern base of eastern Andes of Colombia to central Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EE2F299C",null,null,"Chaquimayo, Carabaya, S. E. Peru, 3000 feet.","A Contribution to the Ornithology of Western Colombia.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98513#page/718/mode/1up","Calospiza gyroloides catharinae"],["33541","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola parva","Zimmer, 1943","American Museum Novitates no.1246 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-54B2605E",null,null,"Mt. Curycuryari, Rio Negro, Brazil ; altitude 500 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 47. The genus Tangara, Part II.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4755/","Tangara gyrola parva"],["33542","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola gyrola","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and far northern Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7E197B17",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/200/mode/1up","Fringilla Gyrola"],["33543","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara gyrola albertinae","(Pelzeln, 1877)","Ibis ser.4, vol.1, no.3 p.337-338",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil south of the Amazon River (Rio Purus eastward to northeastern Pará and northern Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ED0B3C5C",null,null,"Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, Brazil.","Description of a new Species of Calliste, and of a new Humming-bird of the Genus Heliangelus.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/269558#page/379/mode/1up","Calliste albertinae"],["33544","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara chrysotis","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1846)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.2 pl.7","Golden-eared Tanager","Golden-eared Tanager","Golden-eared Tanager",null,null,"Andes of southwestern Colombia to northwestern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722857","goetan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goetan1","avibase-B67CF692",null,null,"Pérou.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/220129#page/45/mode/1up","Calliste chrysotis"],["33545","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara xanthocephala","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.285","Saffron-crowned Tanager","Saffron-crowned Tanager","Saffron-crowned Tanager",null,null,"montane cloudforest in the Sierra de Perijá and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to west-central Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and along the eastern Andes of Peru to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722854","sactan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sactan1","avibase-4929583B",null,null,"Peru; Vitoc suggested by Zimmer, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1245, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/293/mode/1up","C[allospiza] xanthocephala"],["33546","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara xanthocephala venusta","(Sclater, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.22, no.274 p.248",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-65E8E9C3",null,null,"in Nova Grenada et in rep. Equatoriana provincia Quixos; type from 'Bogotá, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 113.","Description of a new Tanager of the Genus Calliste.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/564/mode/1up","Calliste venusta"],["33547","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara xanthocephala xanthocephala","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical Andes of central Peru (Chanchamayo region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4D9B8472",null,null,"Peru; Vitoc suggested by Zimmer, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1245, p. 9.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/293/mode/1up","C[allospiza] xanthocephala"],["33548","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara xanthocephala lamprotis","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.65-66",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8C1F7541",null,null,"Bolivia.","Synopsis of the Tanagrine genus Calliste, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/307/mode/1up","Calliste lamprotis"],["33549","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara parzudakii","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.97","Flame-faced Tanager","Flame-faced Tanager",null,"2025-0601","Taxon <em>lunigera</em> (monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Tangara parzudakii</em> (polytypic) based on available evidence. Although plumage differences are obvious, they appear to reflect degrees of saturation, and vary to some extent within taxa. Supporting information from vocalizations and genetics is needed.","montane cloudforest in the western Andes from northern Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador, and along the eastern Andes from far southwestern Venezuela southward to northernmost Peru, south of the Río Marañón in the eastern Andes of Peru southward to southeastern Peru (Cusco)",null,null,null,"flftan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/flftan1","avibase-E07FBD8E",null,null,"environs de Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/105/mode/1up","Tanagra Parzudakii"],["33550","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara parzudakii parzudakii","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.97",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-60ADFEE7",null,null,"environs de Santa Fé de Bogotá [, Colombia].","Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/105/mode/1up","Tanagra Parzudakii"],["33551","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara parzudakii urubambae","Zimmer, 1943","American Museum Novitates no.1245 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Cordillera Urubamba in Cusco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3D738F0D",null,null,"Idma, above Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Peru; altitude 5000 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 46. The genus Tangara, Part I.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4753/","Tangara parzudakii urubambae"],["33552","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara parzudakii lunigera","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.65, pl.70, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A2911D32",null,null,"Río Negro ; error, W. Ecuador suggested by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1032.","Synopsis of the Tanagrine genus Calliste, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/307/mode/1up","Calliste lunigera"],["33553","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara johannae","(de Dalmas, 1900)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 11 p.36","Blue-whiskered Tanager","Blue-whiskered Tanager","Blue-whiskered Tanager",null,null,"Pacific lowlands of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722839","blwtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blwtan1","avibase-FB061C9B",null,null,"El Paillon, near Buenaventura, Colombia [= Pailon, Valle] .","[Descriptions of two new species of Calliste].","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/194/mode/1up","Calliste johannae"],["33554","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara schrankii","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.38, pl.51, f.1,2","Green-and-gold Tanager","Green-and-gold Tanager","Green-and-gold Tanager",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the Amazon basin from southern Venezuela and southeastern Colombia southward to northwestern and central Bolivia, and in Brazil eastward to the Rio Tapajos in western Pará and northern Mato Grosso, central Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722842","gagtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gagtan2","avibase-1A222683",null,null,"no locality; Tabatinga, Rio Solimões, Brasil, suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 93.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/52/mode/1up","Tanagra schrankii"],["33555","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara schrankii venezuelana","Phelps & Phelps, 1957","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70, no.13 p.125-126",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela (southern Bolívar and eastern Amazonas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-82B54232",null,null,"Raudal Capuri, Cano Antabari, Cano Carun, Río Paragua, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela ; 300 meters.","Description of four new Venezuelan birds, extensions of ranges to Venezuela and other notes.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107748#page/141/mode/1up","Tangara schrankii venezuelana"],["33556","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara schrankii schrankii","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.38, pl.51, f.1,2",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil (mostly south of the Amazon River) to eastern Amazonas, western Pará, and northwestern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-36E86BC9",null,null,"no locality; Tabatinga, Rio Solimões, Brasil, suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 93.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/52/mode/1up","Tanagra schrankii"],["33557","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus","Lesson, 1832","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.3 text to pl.9","Golden Tanager","Golden Tanager",null,"2025-0602","Taxon <em>aurulenta </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>T. arthus</em> pending further research. Plumage variation within this complex is extensive and it may comprise multiple species. An integrative analysis of plumage, vocalizations, and genetics is needed to better define species limits in this group.","humid foothill and montane cloudforest in the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, the Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northernmost Peru, and south of the Río Marañón in the eastern Andes from Peru southward to central Bolivia",null,null,null,"goltan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goltan1","avibase-0D05B12A",null,null,"Nova-Hispania ; Caracas, Venezuela, substituted by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 106.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/59/mode/1up","Tangara Arthus"],["33558","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus arthus","Lesson, 1832","Illustrations de zoologie, ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature livr.3 text to pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Venezuela (Táchira to Lara, Falcón, and Miranda)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5A2DE569",null,null,"Nova-Hispania ; Caracas, Venezuela, substituted by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 106.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91260#page/59/mode/1up","Tangara Arthus"],["33559","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus palmitae","Meyer de Schauensee, 1947","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 99 p.119",null,null,null,null,null,"west slope of eastern Andes of Colombia (southern Magdalena)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F94614C9",null,null,"La Palmita, Santander [= Magdalena] , Colombia.","New or little-known Colombian birds.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064369","Tangara arthus palmitae"],["33560","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus sclateri","(de Lafresnaye, 1854)","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.6 p.207-208",null,null,null,null,null,"both slopes of eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-728C0D45",null,null,"Colombie.","Mélanges ornithologiques.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48620#page/217/mode/1up","Cal[liste] Sclatteri"],["33561","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus aurulenta","(de Lafresnaye, 1843)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 6 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"central Colombia (upper Magdalena Valley) to northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-25C57E17",null,null,"Colombie.","Oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19446#page/298/mode/1up","Tanagra (Aglaia) aurulenta"],["33562","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus occidentalis","Chapman, 1914","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"western and central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia to Nariño)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B2073E4C",null,null,"San Antonio, alt. 6600 ft., Cauca, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Tangara aurulenta occidentalis"],["33563","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus goodsoni","Hartert, 1913","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 33 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABCEF288",null,null,"Gualea, W. Ecuador.","Exhibition and description of five new subspecies of birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101093#page/116/mode/1up","Tangara aurulenta goodsoni"],["33564","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus aequatorialis","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.77",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBE57B94",null,null,"Machay and Mapoto, eastern Ecuador ; type from Machay, 5,000 ft., Río Pastaza, according to Sztolcman and Domaniewski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 182.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/121/mode/1up","Calliste pulchra aequatorialis"],["33565","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus pulchra","(Tschudi, 1844)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10, bd.1 p.285",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (Chachapoyas to Chanchamayo)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-844FAA60",null,null,"forests of eastern Peru; Chanchamayo Valley suggested by Zimmer, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1245, p. 7.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31399#page/293/mode/1up","C[allospiza] pulchra"],["33566","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara arthus sophiae","(Berlepsch, 1901)","Journal für Ornithologie 49, no.1 p.83-84",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southeastern Peru (Cusco and Puno) to northwestern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D51BE47C",null,null,"Songo, Yungas [of La Paz] , Bolivia.","Mitteilungen über die von den Gebrüdern G. und O. Garlepp in Bolivia gesammelten Vögel und Beschreibungen neuer Arten.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104736#page/93/mode/1up","Calliste sophiae"],["33567","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara florida","(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869, pt.2 p.416 pl.28","Emerald Tanager","Emerald Tanager","Emerald Tanager",null,null,"northern Costa Rica to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722845","emetan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emetan1","avibase-C8B9D4AE",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Description of six new Species of American Birds of the Families Tanagridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Formicariidae, Tyrannidae, and Scolopacidae.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91102#page/494/mode/1up","Calliste florida"],["33568","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara icterocephala","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32, no.3 p.76","Silver-throated Tanager","Silver-throated Tanager","Silver-throated Tanager",null,null,"humid forest and borders in the mountains of Costa Rica eastward to easternmost Panama and adjacent Colombia, including the Serranía de Baudo; in the Sierra de San Lucas and the northern portion of the central Andes of Colombia and in the western Andes of Colombia southward to southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru; in western Ecuador also in coastal mountains",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722851","sittan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sittan1","avibase-E3DA11F1",null,null,"Ecuador ; type from the valley of Punta Playa, south of Quito, fide P. L. Sclater, 1851, in Jardine's Contrib. Ornith., 1, p. 53.","Note sur les TANGARAS, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/86/mode/1up","Calliste icterocephala"],["33569","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara icterocephala frantzii","(Cabanis, 1861)","Journal für Ornithologie 9, no.50 p.87-88",null,null,null,null,null,"humid highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DAF11096",null,null,"Costa Rica.","Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen Vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung ; s. S. 1-11.)'.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/102838#page/101/mode/1up","Callispiza (Chrysothraupis) Frantzii"],["33570","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara icterocephala oresbia","Wetmore, 1962","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145, no.1 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of west-central Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2F19A2DF",null,null,"south face of Cerro Campana, 850 meters elevation, western sector of the Province of Panama, Panama.","Systematic notes concerned with the avifauna of Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109667#page/27/mode/1up","Tangara icterocephala oresbia"],["33571","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara icterocephala icterocephala","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32, no.3 p.76",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Panama (Darién) to western Colombia and far northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4FBCAC1",null,null,"Ecuador ; type from the valley of Punta Playa, south of Quito, fide P. L. Sclater, 1851, in Jardine's Contrib. Ornith., 1, p. 53.","Note sur les TANGARAS, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/86/mode/1up","Calliste icterocephala"],["33572","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara seledon","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.158","Green-headed Tanager","Green-headed Tanager","Green-headed Tanager",null,null,"southeastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722827","grhtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grhtan2","avibase-19829A58",null,null,"Cayenne ; error, Rio de Janeiro substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1027.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/178/mode/1up","Tanagra Seledon"],["33573","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara fastuosa","(Lesson, 1832)","Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus (etc.) livr. 13-16 p.184 pl.58","Seven-colored Tanager","Seven-colored Tanager","Seven-colored Tanager",null,null,"coastal northeastern Brazil (southern Paraíba, eastern Pernambuco, and Alagoas)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722823","sectan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sectan1","avibase-D808B430",null,null,"Brazil ; Pernambuco suggested by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 468.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91262#page/300/mode/1up","Tanagra fastuosa"],["33574","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanocephala","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.159","Red-necked Tanager","Red-necked Tanager","Red-necked Tanager",null,null,"humid forest in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil (Ceará), southward to southeastern Brazil (northern Rio Grande do Sul), and to northeastern Argentina and adjacent Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722830","rentan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rentan1","avibase-3288B74B",null,null,"Cayenne ; error, Rio de Janeiro substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1027.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/179/mode/1up","Tanagra cyanocephala"],["33575","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanocephala cearensis","Cory, 1916","Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Ornithological Series 1, no.10 p.345",null,null,null,null,null,"forest of northeastern Brazil (Ceará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7945C5ED",null,null,"Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brazil.","Descriptions of apparently new South American birds, with notes on some little-known species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20389#page/17/mode/1up","Tangara cyanocephala cearensis"],["33576","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanocephala corallina","(Berlepsch, 1903)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 11 p.18",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-72F3CA38",null,null,"Bahia, Brazil.","Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart des genus Calospiza Gray (Calliste Boie nec. Poli).","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101406#page/36/mode/1up","Calospiza cyanocephala corallina"],["33577","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanocephala cyanocephala","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.159",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia) to eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6821FFA5",null,null,"Cayenne ; error, Rio de Janeiro substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1027.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/179/mode/1up","Tanagra cyanocephala"],["33578","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara desmaresti","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.410","Brassy-breasted Tanager","Brassy-breasted Tanager","Brassy-breasted Tanager",null,null,"coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo to eastern Paraná)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722833","brbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/brbtan1","avibase-EFDFD9F5",null,null,"Bresil [=Rio de Janeiro, fide Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 472],",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/432/mode/1up","Tanagra Desmaresti"],["33579","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara cyanoventris","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.426","Gilt-edged Tanager","Gilt-edged Tanager","Gilt-edged Tanager",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia and southeastern Minas Gerais to eastern São Paulo)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722836","gietan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gietan1","avibase-A3CC5604",null,null,"'Bresil.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/448/mode/1up","Tanagra cyanoventris"],["33580","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara inornata","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.294 p.158,note","Plain-colored Tanager","Plain-colored Tanager","Plain-colored Tanager",null,null,"humid forest and borders, gallery forest, gardens, and open areas with trees from the Caribbean slope of northwestern Costa Rica eastward to northwestern Colombia, southward in interior Colombia to the middle Cauca and Magdalena valleys, and southward in the Pacific lowlands to west-central Colombia, south of the Rio San Juan",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722803","plctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/plctan1","avibase-6E314A86",null,null,"Santa Fé di Bogotá [, Colombia].","On the Birds received in Collections from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/960/mode/1up","Calliste inornata"],["33581","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara inornata rava","Wetmore, 1963","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145, no.6 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-49DB5239",null,null,"Almirante (Milla 2), Bocas del Toro, Panama.","Additions to records of birds known from the Republic of Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109667#page/577/mode/1up","Tangara inornata rava"],["33582","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara inornata languens","Bangs & Barbour, 1922","Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65, no.6 p.227",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Panama to far northwestern Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0FF81E06",null,null,"Loma de Leon, Panama.","Birds from Darien.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26718#page/245/mode/1up","Tangara inornata languens"],["33583","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara inornata inornata","(Gould, 1855)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.23, no.294 p.158,note",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Sinú, lower Cauca, and middle Magdalena Valleys)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B5E2F6BC",null,null,"Santa Fé di Bogotá [, Colombia].","On the Birds received in Collections from Santa Fé di Bogota.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96679#page/960/mode/1up","Calliste inornata"],["33584","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara brasiliensis","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316","White-bellied Tanager","White-bellied Tanager","White-bellied Tanager","2025-0597","Taxon <em>brasiliensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Tangara mexicana</em> based on differences in plumage (Mallet-Rodrigues &amp; Gonzaga 2015), and divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Burns &amp; Naoki 2004). However, the geographic distribution of phenotypic variation is complex (Mallet-Rodrigues &amp; Gonzaga 2015), formal analyses of vocalizations are lacking, and broader genetic sampling is desirable.","coastal southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103849764","turtan3","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turtan3","avibase-513E1AA9",null,null,"Brazil ; restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1037.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra brasiliensis"],["33585","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara mexicana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.315","Turquoise Tanager","Turquoise Tanager","Turquoise Tanager","2025-0597","Taxon <em>brasiliensis </em>(monotypic) is treated as a species separate from <em>Tangara mexicana</em> based on differences in plumage (Mallet-Rodrigues &amp; Gonzaga 2015), and divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Burns &amp; Naoki 2004). However, the geographic distribution of phenotypic variation is complex (Mallet-Rodrigues &amp; Gonzaga 2015), formal analyses of vocalizations are lacking, and broader genetic sampling is desirable.","tropical rainforest in Trinidad, the Orinoco basin, and the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward across the Amazon basin to south-central Brazil, in southern Mato Grosso, and to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103849376","turtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turtan1","avibase-186AE936",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/319/mode/1up","Tanagra mexicana"],["33586","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara mexicana vieilloti","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.316 p.257",null,null,null,null,null,"Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4F775D5C",null,null,"Trinidad.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known species of Tanagers. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/315/mode/1up","Calliste vieilloti"],["33587","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara mexicana media","(Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902)","Novitates Zoologicae 9, no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Vichada) and northeastern and southern Venezuela (Monagas, Sucre, Delta Amacuro, and, south of Río Orinoco, Amazonas and Bolívar)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-890DA5C5",null,null,"Maipures [, Orinoco River, Colombia] .","On the Birds of the Orinoco region.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22662#page/37/mode/1up","Calliste mexicana media"],["33588","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara mexicana mexicana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"Guianas and Brazil (eastward to eastern Pará and southward to central Mato Grosso); differently defined by different authors",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C9F9FF06",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/319/mode/1up","Tanagra mexicana"],["33589","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara mexicana boliviana","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32, no.3 p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (from western Meta and Río Guaviare) eastward through Amazonian Brazil to Pará, western Tocantins, and central Mato Grosso, as well as southward through eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to northern and northeastern Bolivia (Pando southward to Cochabamba and Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEE0F9B6",null,null,"Guarajos [=Guarayos], East Bolivia.","Note sur les TANGARAS, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/90/mode/1up","Callospiza boliviana"],["33590","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara chilensis","(Vigors, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.3","Paradise Tanager","Paradise Tanager","Paradise Tanager",null,null,"tropical rainforest in the upper Orinoco basin and the Guiana Shield from southern Venezuela southward across the Amazon basin to south-central and southwestern Brazil, southeastern Peru, and central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722820","partan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/partan1","avibase-9655118F",null,null,"no locality, but presumed to be Chile; error, Bolivia substituted by Hellmayr, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, p. 273.","Description of a species from Valaparaiso, Chili, apparently new to science.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/207/mode/1up","Aglaïa Chilensis"],["33591","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara chilensis paradisea","(Swainson, 1837)","On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.286",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Brazil (southward to north bank of the Amazon River)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-28C8C948",null,null,"Bresil ; specimen much more likely to have come from Cayenne, according to Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 82.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/131541#page/310/mode/1up","Aglaïa paradisea"],["33592","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara chilensis caelicolor","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.51,text",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia (Meta, Guainía, and Vaupés), southern Venezuela (Amazonas), and northwestern Brazil (Rio Uaupés and upper Rio Negro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6802C60D",null,null,"Anolaima [, Colombia] ; error, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, substituted by Dugand, 1951, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc, 8, p. 162.","Synopsis of the Tanagrine genus Calliste, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/291/mode/1up","Calliste coelicolor"],["33593","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara chilensis chlorocorys","Zimmer, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.2 p.91",null,null,null,null,null,"north-central Peru (upper Huallaga Valley)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E6D192D",null,null,"Vista Alegre, junction of the Chinchao and Huallaga rivers [Huánuco], Peru; altitude 4100 feet.","New Birds from Peru, Brazil and Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/111/mode/1up","Tangara chilensis chlorocorys"],["33594","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara chilensis chilensis","(Vigors, 1832)","Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 2, no.15 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"southern and southeastern Colombia (west slope of eastern Andes in upper Magdalena Valley, in Huila, and Caquetá, Putumayo, and Amazonas) southward to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and Bolivia (southward to Santa Cruz), and eastward through western Brazil (eastward to Rondônia, southeastern Amazonas, eastern Mato Grosso, and southwestern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DCAC6AA8",null,null,"no locality, but presumed to be Chile; error, Bolivia substituted by Hellmayr, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, p. 273.","Description of a species from Valaparaiso, Chili, apparently new to science.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16559#page/207/mode/1up","Aglaïa Chilensis"],["33595","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara callophrys","(Cabanis, 1849)","Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844 3 p.668,note","Opal-crowned Tanager","Opal-crowned Tanager","Opal-crowned Tanager",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to northern Bolivia and western Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722958","opctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/opctan1","avibase-3B1E365F",null,null,"Brasilien ; Rio Solimões suggested by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p. 465.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109594#page/158/mode/1up","H[ypothlypis] callophrys"],["33596","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara velia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188","Opal-rumped Tanager","Opal-rumped Tanager",null,"2025-0604","Taxon <em>cyanomelas </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>T. velia</em> (polytypic) based on plumage differences being mostly degrees of shading, and lack of supporting information from genetics and vocalizations. Further research needed.","tropical rainforest in the Orinoco and Amazon basins, from eastern Venezuela and the Guianas southward to northern Mato Grosso, southwestern Brazil, and northwestern Bolivia; also in the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco), southward to central-eastern Brazil (Espírito Santo)",null,null,null,"oprtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/oprtan1","avibase-ECDD97C9",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Velia"],["33597","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara velia velia","(Linnaeus, 1758)","Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.188",null,null,null,null,null,"the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil (from Rio Negro eastward to Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-80B1736F",null,null,"Surinam.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/208/mode/1up","Motacilla Velia"],["33598","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara velia iridina","(Hartlaub, 1841)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 4 p.305",null,null,null,null,null,"humid forest in the Atlantic Forest region from northeastern Brazil (Ceará), southward to southeastern Brazil (northern Rio Grande do Sul), and to northeastern Argentina and adjacent Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5C5E4F1C",null,null,"Pérou, provincia Mogobamba [= Moyobamba, San Martin, Peru].","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Tangara.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19646#page/313/mode/1up","T[anagra] Iridina"],["33599","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara velia signata","(Hellmayr, 1905)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.90",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northeastern Brazil (south of the Amazon River in northeastern Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C64BE0CF",null,null,"Pará, N. E. Brazil.","On two new species of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/702/mode/1up","Tanagrella velia signata"],["33600","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Tangara velia cyanomelas","(Wied-Neuwied, 1830)","Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien 3, pt.1 p.453",null,null,null,null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4DCD0014",null,null,"Rio Ilheos [, Bahia, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21070#page/473/mode/1up","Tanagra cyanomelas"],["33601","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis","Bonaparte, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.131.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra ruficervix [Prévost]; type by original designation",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/141/mode/1up","Chalcothraupis"],["33602","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis ruficervix","(Prévost & des Murs, 1842)","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas pl.5 fig.1","Golden-naped Tanager","Golden-naped Tanager",null,"2025-0605","Taxon <em>fulvicervix </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Chalcothraupis ruficervix</em> based on available evidence. Although plumage differences between these taxa are pronounced, subspecies <em>amabilis </em>from the <em>fulvicervix </em>group shows evidence of intermediacy (Zimmer 1943b), such that differing arrangements of subspecies allocation have been proposed (e.g., Isler &amp; Isler 1987). Genetic and vocal data would provide an additional perspective on the status of these proposed species.","montane cloudforest in the Andes from northern Colombia southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón, and in the eastern Andes south of the Río Marañón, from northeastern Peru southward to central Bolivia",null,null,null,"gontan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gontan1","avibase-4B490812",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/73/mode/1up","Tanagra ruficervix"],["33603","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis ruficervix ruficervix","(Prévost & des Murs, 1842)","Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars Atlas pl.5 fig.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-FB2CBE80",null,null,"no locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/73/mode/1up","Tanagra ruficervix"],["33604","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis ruficervix leucotis","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.2 p.58-59",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F895A08",null,null,"Ecuador.","Synopsis of the Tanagrine genus Calliste, with descriptions of new species.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/298/mode/1up","Calliste leucotis"],["33605","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis ruficervix taylori","(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885, pt.1 p.78",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia (east of the Andes) and eastern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2814CA50",null,null,"Machay, [eastern] Ecuador.","Troisième liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Stolzmann dans l'Ecuadeur.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91206#page/122/mode/1up","Calliste taylori"],["33606","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis ruficervix amabilis","(Zimmer, 1943)","American Museum Novitates no.1246 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical northern Peru (southward to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-29DAC509",null,null,"Uchco, about 50 miles east of Chachapoyas, northern Peru, altitude 5000 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 47. The genus Tangara, Part II.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4755/","Tangara ruficervix amabilis"],["33607","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis ruficervix inca","(Parkes, 1969)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 89, no.1 p.19",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southern Peru (northward to Junín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-E3CC7E34",null,null,"Utcuyacu, Dept. Junín, Peru (alt. 4800 feet) .","Some undescribed subspecies of tanagers from South America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126847#page/45/mode/1up","Tangara ruficervix inca"],["33608","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Chalcothraupis ruficervix fulvicervix","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.354, pl. XXX, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9FCDE39D",null,null,"Tilotilo, prov. Yungas [= Yungas of La Paz] , Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/442/mode/1up","Calliste fulvicervix"],["33609","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis","Boie, 1826","Isis von Oken 19, heft 10 col.974",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Tanagra archiepiscopus [Desmarest, 1806]; type by monotypy",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87985#page/535/mode/1up","Thraupis"],["33610","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis glaucocolpa","Cabanis, 1851","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.28","Glaucous Tanager","Glaucous Tanager","Glaucous Tanager",null,null,"arid northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela including Isla Margarita",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722531","glatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/glatan1","avibase-9BB9F4C2",null,null,"Caracas [, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/44/mode/1up","Th[raupis] Glaucocolpa"],["33611","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis sayaca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316","Sayaca Tanager","Sayaca Tanager","Sayaca Tanager",null,null,"tropical northwestern Bolivia (Río Beni to Río Mapiri) to central and southern Bolivia, Paraguay, western Argentina, and Uruguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722534","saytan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/saytan1","avibase-67E55116",null,null,"Brazil ; Pernambuco suggested by Naumburg, 1924, Auk, 41, p. 111.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra Sayaca"],["33612","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis sayaca boliviana","Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941","Notulae Naturae 93 p.6",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical northwestern Bolivia (Río Beni to Río Mapiri)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3E3499E0",null,null,"Chatarona (600 ft.), Dept. Beni, Bolivia.","Descriptions of new Birds from Bolivia. Part IV.",null,"Thraupis episcopus boliviana"],["33613","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis sayaca obscura","Naumburg, 1924","The Auk 41, no.1 p.111",null,null,null,null,null,"central and southern Bolivia to western Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2B900216",null,null,"Parotani, Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia ; alt. 8,800 ft.","Thraupis sayaca and its allies.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol41/iss1/11/","Thraupis sayaca obscura"],["33614","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis sayaca sayaca","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to eastern Brazil, southeastern Peru, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8D8FBA04",null,null,"Brazil ; Pernambuco suggested by Naumburg, 1924, Auk, 41, p. 111.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra Sayaca"],["33615","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316","Blue-grey Tanager","Blue-gray Tanager","Blue-grey Tanager",null,null,"southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, Pacific slope of South America southward to northwestern Peru, and throughout Amazonia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722527","bugtan","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bugtan","avibase-EFCDB0EC",null,null,"Bresil; type probably from Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 205.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra Episcopus"],["33616","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus cana","(Swainson, 1835)","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil pl.37",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to northern Venezuela; Pearl Islands",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B9D46184",null,null,"no locality ; Venezuela suggested by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1051; restricted to Caracas by Hellmayr, 1924, Archiv f. Naturg., ser. A, 90(2), p. 185.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/159/mode/1up","T[anagra] cana"],["33617","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus caesitia","Wetmore, 1959","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139, no.2 p.23-26",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean coast of western Panama (Escudo de Veraguas)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-55857045",null,null,"Isla Escudo de Veraguas [, at sea off the base of the Valiente Peninsula] , Bocas del Toro, Panama.","The birds of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36105#page/63/mode/1up","Thraupis virens caesitia"],["33618","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus cumatilis","Wetmore, 1957","Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134, no.9 p.94-95",null,null,null,null,null,"Coiba (western Panama)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5F3B9722",null,null,"Isla Coiba, Panama.","The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamá.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87677#page/324/mode/1up","Thraupis virens cumatilis"],["33619","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus nesophila","Riley, 1912","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25 p.185",null,null,null,null,null,"far eastern Colombia to eastern Venezuela and Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5FC951D8",null,null,"Orinoco district or Trinidad ; type from Trinidad, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 210.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22880#page/233/mode/1up","Thraupis episcopus nesophilus"],["33620","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus berlepschi","(de Dalmas, 1900)","Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France (13) p.136-137",null,null,null,null,null,"Tobago",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C46E569B",null,null,"Tobago.","Note sur une collection d'oiseaux de l'île de Tobago (mer des Antilles).",null,"Tanagra Berlepschi"],["33621","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus mediana","Zimmer, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1262 p.10",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to far northern Bolivia and northern Brazil (eastward to Rio Jamundá, and south of the Amazon River between Rio Madeira and Rio Tapajós)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-50479FE7",null,null,"Manaos, Brazil.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 48..","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3742/","Thraupis episcopus mediana"],["33622","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus episcopus","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"Guianas and northern Brazil east of Rio Jamundá to northwest Maranhão, and southward to southeast Pará and northern Mato Grosso",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-95622EE1",null,null,"Bresil; type probably from Cayenne, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 205.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra Episcopus"],["33623","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus ehrenreichi","(Reichenow, 1915)","Ornithologische Monatsberichte 23 no.10 p.154",null,null,null,null,null,"Rio Purús (northwestern Brazil)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EC98BC44",null,null,"Hyutanchan am oberen Rio Purus, Brazil [=Hyutancham on the upper Rio Purus, Brazil]",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35522#page/164/mode/1up","Tanagra ehrenreichi"],["33624","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus leucoptera","(Sclater, 1886)","Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 11 p.155",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of eastern Andes of central Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-0954D178",null,null,"Bogotá.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34361#page/179/mode/1up","[Tanagra episcopus] subsp. leucoptera"],["33625","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus quaesita","Bangs & Noble, 1918","The Auk 35, no.4 p.460",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C25B0E4B",null,null,"Sullana [Piura] , northwestern Peru.","List of birds collected on the Harvard Peruvian Expedition of 1916.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol35/iss4/6/","Thraupis cana quaesita"],["33626","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus caerulea","Zimmer, 1929","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 42, no.2 p.94-95",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru (south to Huánuco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A05A6900",null,null,"Vista Alegre, junction of Chinchao and Huallaga rivers [, Huánuco] , Peru ; altitude 4100 feet.","New Birds from Peru, Brazil and Costa Rica.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107512#page/114/mode/1up","Thraupis episcopus caeruleus"],["33627","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus major","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1896)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896, pt.2 p.343",null,null,null,null,null,"central Peru (Chanchamayo Valley of Ica)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AA0618B0",null,null,"La Merced [, Chanchamayo], Peru.","On the Onithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97658#page/401/mode/1up","Tanagra coelestis major"],["33628","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus urubambae","Zimmer, 1944","American Museum Novitates no.1262 p.13",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Peru (Urubamba Valley and Amazonian drainage)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-26D384A5",null,null,"Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Peru ; altitude 3500 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 48..","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3742/","Thraupis episcopus urubambae"],["33629","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis episcopus coelestis","(Spix, 1825)","Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (etc.) 2 p.42, pl.55, fig. 1",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia southward to western Brazil and central Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EB8D5C86",null,null,"Parae et ad fl. Solimoens prope Pagum Fonteboa; type from Fonteboa, Rio Solimões, Brazil, fide Hellmayr, 1906, Bayern Akad. Wiss. Math.phys. Kl., 22, pp. 675-676.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128667#page/56/mode/1up","Tanagra coelestis"],["33630","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis cyanoptera","(Vieillot, 1817)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 14 p.104","Azure-shouldered Tanager","Azure-shouldered Tanager","Azure-shouldered Tanager",null,null,"coastal southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722537","azstan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azstan1","avibase-AF14F9B4",null,null,"Bresil ; Novo Friburgo, Prov. of Rio de Janeiro, suggested by Naumburg, 1924, Auk, 41, p. 112.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60162#page/118/mode/1up","Saltator cyanopterus"],["33631","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis abbas","(Deppe, 1830)","Preis-Verzeichniss der Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Fische und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Schiede in Mexico gesammelt worden (etc.) p.2","Yellow-winged Tanager","Yellow-winged Tanager","Yellow-winged Tanager",null,null,"eastern Mexico to eastern Nicaragua",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722543","yewtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yewtan1","avibase-26A61AA4",null,null,"Jalapa [, Veracruz], Mexico, fide Stresemann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 91.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103973#page/69/mode/1up","Tanagra Abbas"],["33632","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis ornata","(Sparrman, 1789)","Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas (etc.) fasc.4 pl.95","Golden-chevroned Tanager","Golden-chevroned Tanager","Golden-chevroned Tanager",null,null,"southeastern Brazil (southern Bahia to eastern Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722540","goctan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/goctan2","avibase-85DBD8A8",null,null,"in India Orientali ; error, Rio de Janeiro substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1054.",null,null,"Tanagra ornata"],["33633","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis palmarum","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.76, note","Palm Tanager","Palm Tanager","Palm Tanager",null,null,"eastern Nicaragua to Trinidad and the Guianas, Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador, and eastern and southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia and Paraguay",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722546","paltan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paltan1","avibase-5EADEFF0",null,null,"Canavieras [, Bahia, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/484/mode/1up","Tanagra palmarum"],["33634","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis palmarum atripennis","Todd, 1922","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Nicaragua to northern Colombia and far northwestern Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B4001FD1",null,null,"Guapiles, Costa Rica.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/120/mode/1up","Thraupis palmarum atripennis"],["33635","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis palmarum violilavata","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.546",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-272D42C0",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/678/mode/1up","Tanagra palmarum violilavata"],["33636","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis palmarum melanoptera","(Sclater, 1857)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.315 p.235",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Colombia southward to northern Bolivia and eastward to Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-683E326B",null,null,"East Peru; New Grenada, Bogotá ; restricted to San Ramon, Chanchamayo Valley, by Zimmer, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit, no. 1262, p. 16.","Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. A descriptive Catalogue of the known species of Tanagers. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/293/mode/1up","Tanagra melanoptera"],["33637","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Thraupis palmarum palmarum","(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 2 p.76, note",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern and southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia and Paraguay",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9CC31058",null,null,"Canavieras [, Bahia, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162753#page/484/mode/1up","Tanagra palmarum"],["33638","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis","Bonaparte, 1851","Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée ser.2, t.3 p.130, 143",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","Ixothraupis guttulata [Bonaparte]; type by page precedence",null,null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19559#page/153/mode/1up","Ixothraupis"],["33639","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis varia","(Müller, 1776)","Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.158","Dotted Tanager","Dotted Tanager","Dotted Tanager",null,null,"southern Venezuela to the Guianas and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722872","dottan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dottan1","avibase-3C6B2240",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/178/mode/1up","Tanagra varia"],["33640","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis rufigula","(Bonaparte, 1851)","Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 32 p.77","Rufous-throated Tanager","Rufous-throated Tanager","Rufous-throated Tanager",null,null,"Andes of western Colombia and western Ecuador (southward to El Oro)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722875","ruttan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ruttan1","avibase-454C067F",null,null,"Ecuador ; type from Calacalí, [twelve miles] north of Quito, fide P. L. Sclater, 1857, Monogr. Birds Tanagrine Genus Calliste, p. 28.","Note sur les TANGARAS, leurs affinités, et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16567#page/87/mode/1up","T[anagrella] Rufigula"],["33641","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis punctata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316","Spotted Tanager","Spotted Tanager","Spotted Tanager",null,null,"humid lowland and foothill forest in the Orinoco basin and the Guiana Shield from eastern and southern Venezuela, easternmost Colombia, and the Guianas southward through the eastern Amazon basin to northern Mato Grosso, and in the eastern Andes from southeasternmost Colombia southward to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722866","spotan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spotan1","avibase-453B7DCF",null,null,"Surinam; Surinam accepted as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra punctata"],["33642","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis punctata punctata","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.316",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8EA84F1A",null,null,"Surinam; Surinam accepted as type locality.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/320/mode/1up","Tanagra punctata"],["33643","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis punctata zamorae","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical eastern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-AAAE5610",null,null,"Zamora, eastern Ecuador.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Tangara punctata zamorae"],["33644","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis punctata perenensis","(Chapman, 1925)","American Museum Novitates no.160 p.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical and subtropical eastern Peru (Chanchamayo region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2090EFE9",null,null,"Utcuyacu, 4800 ft., Prov. Junín, eastern Peru.","Descriptions of new Birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4364/","Tangara punctata perenensis"],["33645","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis punctata annectens","(Zimmer, 1943)","American Museum Novitates no.1245 p.3",null,null,null,null,null,"subtropical southeastern Peru (Río Inambari region)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F55AF25F",null,null,"Río Inambari, southeastern Peru, altitude 2200 feet.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 46. The genus Tangara, Part I.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4753/","Tangara punctata annectens"],["33646","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis punctata punctulata","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.353",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of northern Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1660C351",null,null,"Tilotilo, prov. Yungas [= Yungas of La Paz], Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/441/mode/1up","Calliste punctulata"],["33647","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis xanthogastra","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.1 p.23","Yellow-bellied Tanager","Yellow-bellied Tanager","Yellow-bellied Tanager",null,null,"tropical rainforest from the Orinoco basin in southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana southward across the western Amazon basin of Brazil to southeastern Peru and northeastern Bolivia, and southward along the base of the Andes to central Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722863","yebtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/yebtan2","avibase-F65C0B02",null,null,"Río Negro, Peru, suggested by Zimmer, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1245, p. 5 .","On some new species of Calliste.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/261/mode/1up","Calliste xanthogastra"],["33648","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis xanthogastra xanthogastra","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.1 p.23",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northern Bolivia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BBF63B67",null,null,"Río Negro, Peru, suggested by Zimmer, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1245, p. 5 .","On some new species of Calliste.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/261/mode/1up","Calliste xanthogastra"],["33649","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis xanthogastra phelpsi","(Zimmer, 1943)","American Museum Novitates no.1245 p.5",null,null,null,null,null,"southern Venezuela and western Amazonian Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-6C4C110B",null,null,"Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela ; altitude 1100 meters.","Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 46. The genus Tangara, Part I.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4753/","Tangara xanthogastra phelpsi"],["33650","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis guttata","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.26","Speckled Tanager","Speckled Tanager","Speckled Tanager",null,null,"humid foothill and montane cloudforest in the mountains of Costa Rica eastward to eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia; in Trinidad, the coastal mountains of northern Venezuela, the eastern sope of Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward along the eastern Andes to southeastern Colombia and in the central Andes of Colombia southward to the headwaters of the Rio Magdalena; in the tepuis of southern and southeastern Venezuela, adjacent Guyana, and northern Brazil, and isolated in the Andes of southwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722869","spetan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/spetan1","avibase-14DFDF9F",null,null,"Roraima, 'Guiana' [=Cerro Roraima, Bolívar, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/42/mode/1up","C[allispiza] guttata"],["33651","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis guttata eusticta","(Todd, 1912)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.202",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, western Panama, and far western Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-C4746A6E",null,null,"Boruca, Costa Rica.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/242/mode/1up","Tangara guttata eusticta"],["33652","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis guttata tolimae","(Chapman, 1914)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33, art.12 p.187",null,null,null,null,null,"east slope of central Andes of Colombia (Tolima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9AB4E139",null,null,"about 20 miles west of Honda, Tolima, Colombia.","Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian Birds. II.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1750","Tangara guttata tolimae"],["33653","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis guttata bogotensis","(Hellmayr & Seilern-Aspang, 1912)","Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Zeitschrift für systematische Zoologie. Neue Folge n.s., 78, Abth. A, Heft 5 p.57",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (east of the Andes) and adjacent western Venezuela",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-D8B1AEA1",null,null,"'Bogotá, Colombia.","Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Venezuela.",null,"Tangara guttata bogotensis"],["33654","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis guttata chrysophrys","(Sclater, 1851)","Contributions to ornithology no.1 p.24-25, pl. 69, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"Venezuela and far northwestern Brazil (Sierra de Curupira)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7DE28431",null,null,"Columbia, Venezuela, and Trinidad; type from Venezuela, 'near Caraccas' according to P. L. Sclater, 1857, Monogr. Birds Tanagrine Genus Calliste, p. 22.","On some new species of Calliste.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213244#page/262/mode/1up","Calliste chrysophrys"],["33655","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis guttata guttata","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.26",null,null,null,null,null,"southeastern Venezuela (southern Bolívar) and far northern Brazil (Roraima)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-1873F817",null,null,"Roraima, 'Guiana' [=Cerro Roraima, Bolívar, Venezuela].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/42/mode/1up","C[allispiza] guttata"],["33656","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Ixothraupis guttata trinitatis","(Todd, 1912)","Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8 p.203",null,null,null,null,null,"mountains of northern Trinidad",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B389E8AC",null,null,"Heights of Aripo, Trinidad.","Descriptions of seventeen new neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37006#page/243/mode/1up","Tangara guttata trinitatis"],["33657","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poecilostreptus","Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016","Zootaxa 4088 (3) 329-354 ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"M","Calospiza palmeri [Hellmayr, 1909]",null,"A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes).","https://mason-lab.org/resources/pdfs/Burns%20et%20al%20(2016)%20Zootaxa.pdf","Poecilostreptus"],["33658","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poecilostreptus cabanisi","(Sclater, 1868)","Ibis ser.2, vol.4, no.13 p.71 pl.3","Azure-rumped Tanager","Azure-rumped Tanager","Azure-rumped Tanager",null,null,"cloudforest of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and adjacent Guatemala",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722812","azrtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/azrtan1","avibase-62E26A11",null,null,"Costa Cuca, western forests of Guatemala",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55161#page/95/mode/1up","Calliste cabanisi"],["33659","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Poecilostreptus palmeri","(Hellmayr, 1909)","Revue Française d'Ornithologie 1 p.49","Grey-and-gold Tanager","Gray-and-gold Tanager","Grey-and-gold Tanager",null,null,"humid foothills of eastern Panama to northwestern Ecuador (Pichincha)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722816","gagtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gagtan1","avibase-8298ABC5",null,null,"Sipi, Río Sipi, Chocó [Colombia].","Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Calospiza.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103429#page/75/mode/1up","Calospiza palmeri"],["33660","genus","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia","Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016","Zootaxa 4088 (3) 329-354",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"F","A.[glaia] cyanoptera [Swainson, 1834]",null,"A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)","https://mason-lab.org/resources/pdfs/Burns%20et%20al%20(2016)%20Zootaxa.pdf","Stilpnia"],["33661","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia larvata","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1846)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.2 pl.9","Golden-hooded Tanager","Golden-hooded Tanager","Golden-hooded Tanager",null,null,"humid forest from southeastern Mexico southward along the Caribbean slope of Central America and the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama to northwestern Colombia; in interior Colombia eastward to the upper Magdalena Valley in Tolima, and west of the Andes southward to northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722918","gohtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gohtan1","avibase-C8C30E94",null,null,"Tabasco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/220129#page/49/mode/1up","Calliste larvata"],["33662","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia larvata larvata","(Du Bus de Gisignies, 1846)","Esquisses ornithologiques; descriptions et figures d'oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus livr.2 pl.9",null,null,null,null,null,"tropical southern Mexico (northern Oaxaca and Tabasco) to northern Costa Rica",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-2BC33839",null,null,"Tabasco, Mexico.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/220129#page/49/mode/1up","Calliste larvata"],["33663","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia larvata centralis","(Berlepsch, 1912)","Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen-Kongresses in Berlin 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 30. Mai bis 4. Juni 1910 p.1034, 1132",null,null,null,null,null,"Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-DEFCCE52",null,null,"Calovevora, Veragua [, Panama] .","Revision der Tanagriden.",null,"Calospiza larvata centralis"],["33664","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia larvata franciscae","(Sclater, 1856)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.24, no.309 p.142",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-EF335F12",null,null,"Río David, Chiriquí, Panama.","List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Bridges in the vicinity of the Town of David in the Province of Chiriqui in the State of Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46214#page/180/mode/1up","Calliste franciscae"],["33665","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia larvata fanny","(de Lafresnaye, 1847)","Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 10 p.72",null,null,null,null,null,"Pacific slope of Panama to Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-91E9B12D",null,null,"in Nova Grenada ; type from Buenaventura, Chocó, Colombia, fide Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51, p. 51.","Quelques oiseaux nouveaux ou rares rapportés par M. Delatre, de Bolivie, de la Nouvelle-Grenade, et de Panama.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19447#page/80/mode/1up","Aglaia Fanny"],["33666","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia nigrocincta","(Bonaparte, 1838)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt.5, no.59 p.121","Masked Tanager","Masked Tanager","Masked Tanager",null,null,"southeastern Colombia to southern Venezuela, Guyana, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722921","mastan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mastan1","avibase-76F91EB1",null,null,"that portion of Brazil bordering on Peru; northeastern Peru substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1034.","Description of new or interesting Birds from South America and Mexico.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/293/mode/1up","Aglaia nigro-cincta"],["33667","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.33","Blue-necked Tanager","Blue-necked Tanager","Blue-necked Tanager",null,null,"humid lowland and montane forest, gallery forest, and woodland in the coastal mountains of northwestern Venezuela, Sierra de Perijá, and the Andes from western Venezuela southward to northern Peru north of the Río Marañón; in western Ecuador and adjacent southwestern Colombia down to the lowlands, the eastern Andes of Peru south of the Río Marañón, southward to central Bolivia, the Cerrado and southern Amazon basin of Brazil (southeastern Pará and northern Tocantins southward to southern Mato Grosso), and adjacent northeastern Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722915","blntan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blntan1","avibase-98A16735",null,null,"Yuracares [, Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/149/mode/1up","A[glaia] cyanicollis"],["33668","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis granadensis","(Berlepsch, 1884)","Journal für Ornithologie 32, no.167-168 p.290",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of Colombia (western range southward to Munchique area of Cauca, central range and west slope of eastern range from Santander southward to northwestern Cundinamarca)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-BAC961F4",null,null,"Bucaramanga and Bogotá, Colombia; type from 'Bogotá,' fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 124.","Untersuchungen über die Vögel der Umgegend von Bucaramanga in Neu-Granada.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101693#page/302/mode/1up","Calliste coeruleocephala subsp. granadensis"],["33669","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis caeruleocephala","(Swainson, 1838)","Animals in Menageries. In: The Cabinet Cyclopædia conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner p.356",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (head of Magdalena Valley in Huila, and eastern Andes in Boyacá and Cundinamarca and, on eastern slope, southward to Nariño) southward on east slope to northern Peru (southward to La Libertad and Huallaga Valley, in northern San Martín)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-527BA3F4",null,null,"Peru; according to Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 122, doubtless northern part of the country.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92073#page/368/mode/1up","Aglaia caeruleocephala"],["33670","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis cyanicollis","(d'Orbigny & de Lafresnaye, 1837)","Magasin de Zoologie 7, cl.2 p.33",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern slope of Andes in Peru (from Huánuco) southward to Bolivia (to Cochabamba)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-B251BC15",null,null,"Yuracares [, Bolivia] .","Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114101#page/149/mode/1up","A[glaia] cyanicollis"],["33671","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis cyanopygia","(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, pt.4 p.545",null,null,null,null,null,"entire western slope of Andes in Ecuador",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-458B54E5",null,null,"Chimbo, Ecuador.","Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par MM. Stolzmann et Siemiradski dans l'Ecuadeur occidental.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91169#page/677/mode/1up","Calliste cyanopygia"],["33672","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis hannahiae","(Cassin, 1865)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16 p.287, pl. 1, fig. 2",null,null,null,null,null,"northern Colombia (Sierra de Perijá and northern end of eastern Andes in Norte de Santander) and mountains of Venezuela (Andes from southern Lara southward to Táchira, Sierra de Aroa, in Yaracuy, coastal cordillera in Carabobo and Aragua, and interior cordillera in northern Guárico)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-9C218263",null,null,"Mérida Mountains, Venezuela.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18264#page/295/mode/1up","Calliste Hannahiae"],["33673","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis melanogaster","(Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1923)","American Museum Novitates no.58 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"isolated population in lowlands of Amazon drainage in central Brazil (northern Mato Grosso and southern Pará eastward at least to left bank of Rio Araguaia), recorded also in central Bolivia (Serranía de Huanchaca, northeastern Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-ABD9F9DF",null,null,"Utiarity near Salto Bello, Papagaio River, alt. 1500-2500 ft., Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","Descriptions of proposed new birds from Brazil and Paraguay.","https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/4593/","Tangara cyaneicollis melanogaster"],["33674","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanicollis albotibialis","(Traylor, 1950)","Natural History Miscellanea 64 p.1",null,null,null,null,null,"Veadeiros (Goiás), in east-central Brazil",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3A15EB82",null,null,"Veadeiros, Goyaz [=Goiás], Brazil.","A new subspecies of Tanager from Brazil.",null,"Tangara cyanicollis albotibialis"],["33675","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cyanoptera","(Swainson, 1834)","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil 1 pl.8","Black-headed Tanager","Black-headed Tanager","Black-headed Tanager","2025-1163","Taxon <em>whitelyi </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Stilpnia argentea</em> based on available evidence. These taxa show significant differences in male and female plumage (Isler &amp; Isler 1987) and, while genetic data are lacking, there are vocal differences that seem surprisingly pronounced for presumed sister species (Remsen 2024d).","mountains of northern Colombia including Santa Marta region to northeastern Venezuela",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103848169","bkhtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhtan1","avibase-F9C4B045",null,null,"no locality ; vicinity of Caracas, Venezuela, suggested by Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 174.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/43/mode/1up","A[glaia] cyanoptera"],["33676","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia whitelyi","(Salvin & Godman, 1884)","Ibis ser.5, vol.2, no.8 p.445, pl. XIII (male, female)","Black-hooded Tanager","Black-hooded Tanager","Black-hooded Tanager","2025-1163","Taxon <em>whitelyi </em>is treated as a species separate from <em>Stilpnia argentea</em> based on available evidence. These taxa show significant differences in male and female plumage (Isler &amp; Isler 1987) and, while genetic data are lacking, there are vocal differences that seem surprisingly pronounced for presumed sister species (Remsen 2024d).","tepuis of southern Venezuela (in Amazonas and Bolívar), adjacent northern Brazil, and southwestern Guyana (Mount Twek-quay)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/103848213","bkhtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkhtan2","avibase-13B672C6",null,null,"Roraima, Guiana Brit. [= Bolívar, Venezuela] .","Notes on Birds from British Guiana. Part III.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34897#page/499/mode/1up","Calliste whitelyi"],["33677","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia viridicollis","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.468","Silver-backed Tanager","Silvery Tanager","Silver-backed Tanager",null,null,"humid to dry montane forest and scrub in the Andes from southern Ecuador southward to northern Peru and along the eastern Andes from northeastern Peru southward to western Bolivia",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722942","siltan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/siltan1","avibase-4DFD75ED",null,null,"Huiro, 4,800 feet., [Cuzco,] Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/478/mode/1up","Calliste argentea viridicollis"],["33678","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia viridicollis fulvigula","(Berlepsch & Sztolcman, 1906)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 13, pt.II p.80",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-76727717",null,null,"Tambillo, [northwestern] Peru.","Rapport sur les nouvelles collections ornithologiques faites au Pérou par M. Jean Kalinowski.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79671#page/100/mode/1up","C[alospiza] argentea fulvigula"],["33679","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia viridicollis viridicollis","(Taczanowski, 1884)","Ornithologie du Pérou 2 p.468",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of central and southern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-13270A9B",null,null,"Huiro, 4,800 feet., [Cuzco,] Peru.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50271#page/478/mode/1up","Calliste argentea viridicollis"],["33680","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia phillipsi","(Graves & Weske, 1987)","Wilson Bulletin 99, no.1 p.1-6","Sira Tanager","Sira Tanager","Sira Tanager",null,null,"Andes of eastern Peru (Cerros del Sira in eastern Huánuco)",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722939","sirtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/sirtan1","avibase-95C30DA2",null,null,"Cerros del Sira, 9 26' S, 74 45' W, 1300 m, Departmento de Huánuco, Peru","Tangara phillipsi, a new species of tanager from the Cerros del Sira, eastern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol99/iss1/1/","Tangara phillipsi"],["33681","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia peruviana","(Desmarest, 1806)","Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers livr.9 textpl.11","Black-backed Tanager","Black-backed Tanager","Black-backed Tanager",null,null,"lowlands of southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina)",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722890","blbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blbtan1","avibase-806ABB29",null,null,"rapporté du Pérou par Dombey; error, province of Rio de Janeiro suggested by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1042.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124404#page/57/mode/1up","Tanagra peruviana"],["33682","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia heinei","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.31","Black-capped Tanager","Black-capped Tanager","Black-capped Tanager",null,null,"mountains of northern Colombia to northern Venezuela and northern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722936","blctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blctan1","avibase-41A0DB76",null,null,"Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/47/mode/1up","P[rocnias] Heinei"],["33683","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia argyrofenges","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.354 pl.30 fig.2","Straw-backed Tanager","Green-throated Tanager","Straw-backed Tanager",null,null,"humid montane forest in the eastern Andes from southeastern Ecuador southward to northeastern Peru and in southeastern Peru southward to south-central Bolivia",null,"VU","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722946","gnttan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/gnttan1","avibase-FF570133",null,null,"Tilotilo, prov. Yungas [=Yungas of La Paz], Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/442/mode/1up","Calliste argyrofenges"],["33684","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia argyrofenges caeruleigularis","(Carriker, 1935)","Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87 p.357",null,null,null,null,null,"Andes of far southeastern Ecuador (southern Zamora-Chinchipe) and northern and central Peru (east slope of Andes in Amazonas and San Martín, also a few scattered records Junín and Pasco)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-4B9D46C7",null,null,"Río Jelashte, Dept. San Martin, Peru, altitude 5,000 feet.","Descriptions of new Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with critical notes on other little-known species.","https://www.jstor.org/stable/4064219","Tangara argyrophenges caeruleigularis"],["33685","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia argyrofenges argyrofenges","(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876, pt.2 p.354 pl.30 fig.2",null,null,null,null,null,"Yungas of western Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, and western Santa Cruz)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-5033FD0B",null,null,"Tilotilo, prov. Yungas [=Yungas of La Paz], Bolivia.","On new Species of Bolivian Birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92484#page/442/mode/1up","Calliste argyrofenges"],["33686","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia preciosa","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.27","Chestnut-backed Tanager","Chestnut-backed Tanager","Chestnut-backed Tanager",null,null,"eastern Paraguay to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722894","chbtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chbtan1","avibase-4DD0A2FD",null,null,"Rio Grande [do Sul, Brazil].",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/43/mode/1up","C[allispiza] preciosa"],["33687","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia meyerdeschauenseei","(Schulenberg & Binford, 1985)","Wilson Bulletin 97, no.4 p.413-420","Green-capped Tanager","Green-capped Tanager","Green-capped Tanager",null,null,"east slope of Andes of far southeastern Peru (Puno)",null,"NT","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722900","grctan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/grctan1","avibase-7E3ACF0B",null,null,"2 km. northwest of Sandia, ca. 2175 m, 14 17'S, 69 26'W, Departmento of Puna, Peru","A new species of tanager (Emberizidae: Thraupinae, Tangara) from southern Peru.","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/wilson_bulletin/vol97/iss4/1/","Tangara meyerdeschauenseei"],["33688","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia vitriolina","(Cabanis, 1851)","Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.28","Scrub Tanager","Scrub Tanager","Scrub Tanager",null,null,"arid scrub of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador",null,"LC","https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722897","scrtan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/scrtan1","avibase-A7B6279C",null,null,"Colombia.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/196124#page/44/mode/1up","C[allispiza] vitriolina"],["33689","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cucullata","(Swainson, 1834)","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil 1 pl.7","Lesser Antillean Tanager","Lesser Antillean Tanager",null,"2025-0600","Taxon <em>versicolor </em>(monotypic) is treated as a subspecies of <em>Stilpnia cucullata</em> based on available evidence. Plumage characters consist of differences in shading rather than pattern, bill size differences are based on small sample sizes, and mitochondrial DNA divergence is low (Ricklefs &amp; Bermingham 2001; Sedano &amp; Burns 2010).","scrub to forest at all elevations, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,"leatan1","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/leatan1","avibase-0006C3E8",null,null,"no locality, supposedly Brazil ; Grenada substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1041.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/39/mode/1up","A[glaia] Cucullata"],["33690","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cucullata versicolor","(Lawrence, 1878)","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1 (1-2), (December) p.152",null,null,null,null,null,"St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F04108FE",null,null,"St. Vincent.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109884#page/196/mode/1up","Calliste versicolor"],["33691","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cucullata cucullata","(Swainson, 1834)","The ornithological drawings of William Swainson (series 1) ; the birds of Brazil 1 pl.7",null,null,null,null,null,"Grenada (Lesser Antilles)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-A0E12761",null,null,"no locality, supposedly Brazil ; Grenada substituted by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1041.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105427#page/39/mode/1up","A[glaia] Cucullata"],["33692","species","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.315","Burnished-buff Tanager","Burnished-buff Tanager",null,"2025-0599","Taxon <em>flava </em>(polytypic) is treated as conspecific with <em>Stilpnia cayana</em> based on available evidence. Although obvious plumage differences exist, geographic variation is poorly understood and intermediate phenotypes occur in areas of contact (Isler &amp; Isler 1987). Moreover, mitochondrial DNA divergence is shallow and show discordant subspecies groupings compared to rapidly evolving nuclear DNA loci (Savit &amp; Bates 2015).","open and semi-open areas near semi-humid to dry forest, gallery forest, woodland savanna, white-sand forest, campo grasslands, and gardens and parks from northeastern Colombia eastward to northern and eastern Venezuela, northern Guianas, and northeastern Brazil westward to the llanos of northeastern Colombia; and in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest regions from northeastern Brazil southward to northern Paraná, southern Mato Grosso, northern Bolivia, southeasternmost Peru, eastern Paraguay, and northeasternmost Argentina; also isolated in the Rio Mayo valley of northern Peru",null,null,null,"bubtan2","https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bubtan2","avibase-D9A843C8",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/319/mode/1up","Tanagra cayana"],["33693","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana fulvescens","(Todd, 1922)","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35 p.92",null,null,null,null,null,"eastern Andes of Colombia",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-3269365A",null,null,"Palmar, Boyacá, [eastern Andes of] Colombia.","New forms of Finches and Tanagers from tropical America.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22869#page/120/mode/1up","Tangara cayana fulvescens"],["33694","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana cayana","(Linnaeus, 1766)","Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.315",null,null,null,null,null,"Colombia (east of the Andes) to the Guianas, northern Brazil, and eastern Peru",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-66795B20",null,null,"Cayenne.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137337#page/319/mode/1up","Tanagra cayana"],["33695","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana huberi","(Hellmayr, 1910)","Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 27 p.34",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Ilha Marajó region of Pará)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-83FB1B69",null,null,"Cachoueira, Rio Arary, Island of Marajo [, Brazil].","Description of a new species of Tanager from N. Brazil.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101309#page/62/mode/1up","Calospiza huberi"],["33696","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana flava","(Gmelin, 1789)","Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II p.896",null,null,null,null,null,"northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and northern Goiás to far southern Bahia)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-7654D0E4",null,null,"northeastern Brazil; Ceará suggested by Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12(18), p. 279.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/397/mode/1up","Tanagra flava"],["33697","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana sincipitalis","(Berlepsch, 1907)","Ornis. Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 14 p.348",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (Goiás)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-197DF959",null,null,"Leopoldina, R[io] Araguay[a, Goiás], Brazil.","Descriptions of new species and conspecies of Neotropical birds.","https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106225#page/376/mode/1up","Calospiza formosa sincipitalis"],["33698","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana chloroptera","(Vieillot, 1819)","Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 32 p.407",null,null,null,null,null,"Paraguay to southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) and northeastern Argentina",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-8A10AB5B",null,null,"Bresil ; type from southern Brazil ; São Paulo or Paraná, fide Hellmayr, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 9, p. 162; Castro, Paraná, suggested as type locality by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., São Paulo), pt. 2, p 4 483.",null,"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64090#page/429/mode/1up","Tanagra chloroptera"],["33699","subspecies","Passeriformes","Thraupidae","Tanagers and allies","Stilpnia cayana margaritae","(Allen, 1891)","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3, no.2, art.24 p.351",null,null,null,null,null,"central Brazil (Mato Grosso)",null,null,null,null,null,"avibase-F015C778",null,null,"Chapada, Matto Grosso [=Mato Grosso], Brazil.","On a collection of birds from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, made by Mr. Herbert H. Smith. Part 1, Oscines.","http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1614","Calliste margaritae"]]